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IOTANICAL BULLETIN No. 1

SEPTEMBER, 1911

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TERRITORY OF HAWAII

BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
DIVISION OF FORESTRY

New and Noteworthy Hawaiian Plants

BY

DR. L. RADLKOFFER,

Munich (Germany)

AND

J. F. ROCK

From the Division of Forestry, Board of Agriculture and Forestry,
Honolulu, T. H.

HONOLULU:
HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD.

1911

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NEW AND NOTEWORTHY HAWAIIAN PLANTS.

BY DR. L. RADLKOFER AND J. F. ROCK.

Alectryon macrococcus Radlkofer in Sitzungsber. K. Bayer.

Ac. XX (1890) p. 255 et in Engl. & Pr. Pfl.-Fam. Ill, 5 (1895)
p. 333.— Mahoe, gen. nov.? Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isl. (1888) p.
86.— Dodonaea sp. Drake del Cast. 111. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacif. (1890)
p. 144 in obs. ad. Dod. vise. — Vulgo Mahoe in Molokai teste
Hillebr. 1. c. (quo nomine in Novo-Zealandia Melicytus rami-
florus Forest, -alutatur t. Kirk in Forest Fl. N.-Zeal., 1889, p. 3).

Arbor mediocris ; rami teretes, rubri — fusci, glabrati, juveniles
striati, cum foliis novellis tomento adpresso sericeo flavescenti-
cano induti; folia 2 — 5 — juga; foliola magna, opposita, elliptica
vel subovata, utrinque obtusa vel apice acuminata (t. Hillebr.),
petiolulata, integerrima, undulata, coriaceo-chartacea, nervis late-
ralibus sat approximatis obliquis subtus ut et nervo mediano valido
dilatato supra piano prominentibus, glabra (vel subtus t. Hillebr.
laxe tomentosa), utrinque nitidula, sicca e viridi subfusca, epider-
mide non mucigera paginae superioris hypoderrnate suffulta ;
paniculae axillares, basi ramosae, parvae ; flores — (ignoti) ; fruc-
tus 1 — coccus, adhaerentibus loculis 2 abortivis ; coccus evolutus
globosus, pro gen ere maximus, corticosus, glaber, fissuris irregu-
lariter areolatus, intus pilis setaceis singulis adspersus ; seminis
testa Crustacea, brunnea, splendens.

Arbor 7 — 10 m alta. Folia petiolo ca. 10 cm longo adjecto 40
cm et ultra longa ; foliola cum petiolulis 1 — 1, 5 cm longis ca. 20
cm longa, 9 cm lata. Paniculae 10 cm et ultra longae. Fructus
coccus diametro 2, 5 cm et ultra, pericarpio 1, 5 mm crasso.

In archipelagi Sandwicensis insulis Oahu, Molokai et Maui:
Hillebrand! ("Oahu, on the S. W. slope of Mount Kaala, left
branch of Makaleha;" "Molokai, on the pali of Kalaupapa;" ca.
1870; Hb. Kew. ; Berol.) ; J. F. Rock (Maui, in declivibus mentis
Haleakala meridiem versus, a. 1910, fl. et fr., ex ipso in litt. m.
Jan. 1911; spechnina non vidi). 22. II. ii. L. Radlkofer.

The above description was communicated to me by Prof. Dr.
L. Radlkofer of Munich for publication. (J. F. Rock.)

301309

Flowering specimens of Alectryon macrococcus which until
now were unknown, were collected by me, together with young
and mature fruits on the southern slope of Mt. Haleakala, Maui,
on the lava field of Auahi at an elevation of 2,600 feet, where the
tree is not uncommon (see Report of the Board of Agriculture
and Forestry for the Biennial Period 1910, p. 81).

Following is a description of the flowers of A. macrococcus with
additional notes on the fruits :

Inflorescentia paniculata, contracta, axillaris, pilis flavescentibus
prorsus induta ; flores parvi, in pedicellos 2 mm longos, conferti ;
calyx 5-lobus 2 mm longus, lobis subacutis, persistens in coccis
junioribus ; petala nulla ; stamina 6-8, inter sinus disci parvi extus
inserta, filamentis brevissimis, hirsutis ; antherae rubrae, 1 mm
longae, ad basin subdidymae ; ovarium a lateribus compressum,
dense strigosum, 1-2-cellulis ; stylus brevis, fere arctiatus, stig-
mate 2-fido; fructus 1-2-cocci, juniores pilis fulvis setulosis ap-
pressis, cum residuis styli, maturi glabri, fuscati, globosi, 3-6 cm
diametro, arillo coccineo, etc.

Inflorescence an axillary contracted panicle, covered through-
out with yellowish hairs ; flowers small, on pedicells of 2 mm,
densely clustered ; calyx persistent with the young fruits, 5-lobed
2 mm long, the lobes subacute ; petals none ; stamens 6-8 inserted
externally between the sinuses of the small disc, on very short
hirsute filaments, anthers red, 1 mm long, subdidymous at the
base; ovary compressed, densely strigose, 1-2 celled; style short
almost arcuate, stigma two lobed ; fruit consisting of 1-2-cocci,
the young ones covered with appressed setulose, yellowish hairs,
crowned by the remnants of the style, mature ones glabrous, dark
brown, globose, 3-6 cm in diameter. Arillus scarlet, edible, etc.

Flowering and fruiting specimens (No. 8642) collected Novem-
ber 10-20, 1910. The wood is yellowish brown, hard grained and
exceedingly tough. The flowers appear to be polygamous, as
stamina are present in female flowers.

July 8, 1911, J. F. Rock. Board of Commissioners of Agri-
culture and Forestry, T. H.

Plate 1. Alectryon macrccoccus Radlk.

Mahoe. Showing young and mature fruits and seed. Slightly
less than one-third natural size.

Sapindus Thurstonii, Rock sp. n.

Vulgo A'e et Manele in Hawaii.

Arbor (decidua?) 10 m — 26 m alta, truncus erectus 0.3 m— 1.3
m diameter ; cortice bruneo, desquamante ab arboribus maturis ;
rami teretes brunei, glabrati; folia alterna abrupte vel impari-
pinnata, petiolis 4.5 cm — 6 cm longis, tomentulosis, rachibus mi-
nime marginatis et in folia novella alatis ; foliolis suboppositis,
minime falcatis, 6 cm — 12 cm longis, 2 cm — 3.5 cm latis, apice
acuminatis, basi rotundis, supra glabris, subtus tomentulosis ; ner-
vo mediano valide prominente ; paniculae terminales pubescentes
circa 12 cm longae ; flores — (ignoti) ; cocci 1 — 2 globosi 17 mm—
20 mm diametro, ad basin connati vel singuli cum rudimentis 1 — 2
ovulorum abortivorum ; pericarpium coriaceum ; semina globosa,
fuscata vel nigra 10 mm — 12 mm diametro ; testa ossea sine
caespitosa pilositate ad basin.

In archipelagi Hawaiiensis insula Hawaii : J. F. Rock leg. in
declivibus mentis Hualalai, Puuwaawaa 2700 pedes s.m.Jun. a.
1909 et Mauna Loa orientem versus, 4500 pedes s.m. Aprilis a.
1911.

A. deciduous? tree 10 m-26 m high with a trunk of 0.3 m-1.3 m
in diam. ; bark light brown falling off in scales from old trees,
exposing the smooth inner layers ; branchlets terete, light brown
and glabrous; leaves alternate abruptly or impari pinnate on a
main petiole of 4.5 cm-6 cm, slightly tomentose, the rachis slightly
marginate, but winged in the young leaves ; leaflets nearly oppo-
site and subsessile in 4-6 pairs, chartaceous elliptical — oblong
slightly falcate, 6 cm-12 cm x 2 cm-3.5 cm, acuminate at the apex
but rounded at the base, glabrous, dark green and somewhat shin-
ing above, light green and slightly tomentose underneath with
the median nerve very prominent ; the pubescent panicles are ter-
minal, about 12 cm long, and branching; flowers unknown; ripe
fruits consisting of 1-2 globose cocci 17 mm-20 mm in diam.,
which are connate at the base, or when single bear the rudiments
of two abortive ones ; pericarp coriaceous, endocarp pergamen-
eous pale ; seeds globose dark reddish brown or black 10 mm-12
mm in diam. with a bony testa bearing no tufts of hair at their
base.

The tree is named in honor of Mr. L. A. Thurston of Hono-

Plate 2. Sapindtrs Thurstonii Rock.

A'e and Manele. Showing foliage, fruits and seeds.

About one half natural size.

lulu, who called my attention to its presence on Mauna Loa,
The type material (No 8772) was collected when in company
with Mr. W. M. Giffard on the eastern slopes of Mauna Loar
at an elevation of 4500 feet, in April, 1911. It is a remarkable
tree attaining a height of about 80 ft. with trunks of more than
four feet in diameter; it is plentiful in Kipuka Ki and Puaulu
on the land of Keauhou about 6-8 miles from the Kilauea Vol-
cano where it grows in company with Pelea, Ochrosia, Straussia,
Zanthoxylum, etc. One would not suspect to find such trees in
that locality as one travels for miles through Ohia (Mctrosideros
polymorpha) forest until all at once one strikes a grove of this
remarkable tree which is called A'e by the natives on Mauna
Loa, and Manele on Hualalai, North Kona. Unquestionably this
tree must have extended farther down the mountain where the
Ohia now grows, but was undoubtedly destroyed by -the a-a
(rough) lava flows from the flanks of the mountain. The few
hundred acres on which this tree is found escaped the firy stream
by their elevation, as no lava is visible, the soil being black and
rich. The tree seems to be deciduous, as I have observed speci-
mens with the leaves all yellow and dropping, while others had
young leaves only, but I have not met with any having the
branches entirely bare.

On a subsequent visit (July-August, 1911,) specimens with
flower-buds were collected but being badly attacked by a species
of caterpillar it was impossible to make out the structure of the
flowers.

The writer waited several weeks for the flowers to unfold, but
instead the whole inflorescenses began to wilt on every tree ex-
amined, due to the work of the caterpillar.

Hibiscadelphus Rock gen. nov.

Bracteolae 5-7, angustissimae lineares, liberae ; calyx profunde
et inaequaliter 2-3-fidus ; columna staminea infra apicem 5-denta-
tum antherifera; ovarium 5-loculare, loculis 1-3 ovulatis ; styli
rami 5, suberecti, apice in stigmata capitata dilatati ; capsula lignea
loculide 5-valvis, endocarpio chartaceo solubili ; semina reni-
formia, tomento albescenti-cano induta. Arbores mediocres cum
tomento stellate; folia cordata, inaequaliter crenata ; flores soli-

Plate 3. Sapindus Thurstonii Rock.
In forest on Mauna Loa, Hawaii.

10

tarii vel plures ex axillis foliorum ; colore rubido obscuro vel
luteo; calyx deciduus in fructibus maturis.

This proposed new genus consisting of 3 species peculiar to the
dry sections of Hawaii and Maui. is nearest to Hibiscus from
which it differs in its quite different flowers, deciduous calyx
and woody capsule. All three species are exceedingly rare,
only solitary trees being found in the various type localities, with
exception of Hibiscadelphus Hualalaiensis of which several trees
were found at Puuwaawaa and Waihou forest, on the western
slope of Mt. Hualalai.

Hibiscadelphus Giffardianus Rock sp. n.

Arbor 7 m alta, truncus 0.3 m diam. cortice albineo glabrato,
ramis robustis teretis ; foliis longe petiolatis, orbiculatis rustice
acuminatis basi cordatis, tomento stellato utrinque indutis ; palmato
— septemnervatis, cum glandibus hispidis in angulis nervorum ;
stipulis parvis, triangulatis caducis ; floribus solitariis vel pluribus,
bracteolis 5-7 linearibus liberis ; calyce saccato profunde et inae-
qualiter 2-3-fido, lobis acuminatis, extus pilis stellatis induto, intus
glabro; corolla convoluta inflexa dependente in pedicellis 2 cm-3
cm longis ; petalis erectis obliquis oblongis, apice acutis 5 cm-6 cm
longis, partibus petalorum expositis pilis stellatis dense punctula-
tis ; columna staminea petalis longiore, ad basin hispida, tubo
costato tractu longo filamentis longis affixis ; ovario glabro ; stig-
matibus capitatis ; capsula lignea 4 cm- 5 cm x 2 cm-2.5 cm, pro
genere maxima, oblonga, rugosa extus pilis stellatis luteis induta ;
endocarpio chartaceo splendente tomentuloso, seminibus magnis
lanatis.

In archipelagi Hawaiiensis insula Hawaii : J. F. Rock leg. in
declivibus montis Mauna Loa orientem versus 4300 pedes s. m.
fr. et fl. Aprilis et Jim. a. 1911.

A tree 7 m high with a trunk of 0.3 m in diam., bark smooth
fibrous, whitish, branches terete, glabrous covered with leaf scars ;
leaves on long petioles orbicular — cordate bluntly acute at the
apex 12-15 cm each way, unevenly crenate, papery, covered on
both sides with a stellate tomentum, palmately 7-nerved, with his-
pid glands in the angles of ribs and veins on both sides ; stipules
small, triangular caducous ; flowers solitary or several on the
axils of the leaves on the ends of the branches ; bracteoles 5-7,

Plate 4. Hibiscadelphus Giffardianus Rock

Hau Kuahiivi. Showing open flowers and mature fruits.

About one half natural size.

12

very narrow, 2 cm long, free ; calyx saccate, as long as the
bracteoles, deeply and unevenly 2-3 cleft, lobes acuminate, many
nerved, yellowish-green outside, with stellate hairs, glabrous in-
side ; corolla convolute, curved, only the very apex slightly open-
ing, not spreading as in Hibiscus, dependent on pedicells of 2-3
cm, petals erect 5-6 cm long, acute at the apex, oblique, oblong,
deep magenta inside, grey with a stellate, hispid tomentum on the
exposed parts, especially on the prominent nerves ; staminal
column one-third longer than the petals, with numerous long fila-
ments on nearly half its length, hispid at the base ; style branches
sub-erect 5 mm hispid ; stigmas flesh-colored ; capsule woody
oblong 4-5 cm x 2-2.5 cm broadest at the base tapering towards
the apex, rugose covered with stellate hispid hairs ; the calyx and
bracteoles deciduous in mature fruits, endocarp chartaceous
shining glabrous; seeds large 7-10 mm reniform covered with a
whitish grey wool.

The type material (No. 8773 Herbar. Board of Agriculture and
Forestry, T. H.) was collected in April, 1911, in company with
Mr. W. M. Giffard of Honolulu, who was the first to introduce
many beautiful varieties of Hibiscus into the Territory and in
whose honor the plant is named. Only one tree was found on the
eastern slope of Mauna Loa at Puaulu on the land of Keauhou a
few miles from Kilauea Volcano, at an elevation of 4300 feetT
within the area of the proposed National Park.

Hibiscadclphus Wilderianus Rock sp. n.

Arbor 5 m, trunco erecto ; foliis orbiculatis vel trilobatis cor-
datis, apice acutis, in petiolis stramineis 7-10 cm longis, palmato-
quinque- rarius septemnervatis, supra puberulis subtus pilis minu-
tis stellatis inspersis, nervis prominentibus hispidis ; stipulis par-
vis subulatis puberulis ; floribus solitariis in pedicellis 4 cm longis ;
bracteolis linearis 2 cm longis, uninerviatis liberis ; calyce saccato
inaequilatero trilobate, extus hirsuto intus puberulo, lobis acumi-
natis ; (flores aperti ignoti). Petalis luteis in gemma; capsula
ovoidea 3.5 cm x 3 cm, nigranta tuberculata, stellato-hispida
lignosa.

In insula Maui ; J. F. Rock leg. in declivibus mentis Haleakala
meridiem versus Nov. a. 1910.

Plate 5. Hibiscadelphus Wilderianos Rock.
Showing foliage and fruit. About one half natural size.

14

Only one tree was observed on the southern slope of Haleakala
on the lava fields of Auahi at an elevation of 2600 feet. (Type
No. 8663 Herb. Board of Agriculture and Forestry, T. H.).
Named in honor of Mr. Gerrit P. Wilder of Honolulu who has
shown great interest in growing and producing many varieties
of Hibiscus.

Hibiscadelphus Hualalaiensis Rock sp. n.

Arbor 5-7 m alta, trunco erecto, 0.3 m diam. cortice albineo,
glabrato; rami teretes, cum foliis novellis dense hirsuti, foliis reni-
formi-cordatis in petiolis 10 cm-16 cm longis, supra pilis stellatis
inspersis, subtus tomentosis ; (flores ignoti) capsula parva ovata
2 cm x 1.5 cm pilis stellatis flavescentibus dense induta.

In insula Hawaii: J. F. Rock leg. in declivibus montis Hualalai
occidentum versus Jun. a. 1909.

Type material (No. 3915 Herbar. Board of Agriculture and
Forestry, T. H.) collected June 18, 1909, at an elevation of 2700
feet on the lava fields of Puuwaawaa and in the forest of Waihou
where a number of trees is to be found. The flowers are said to
be yellow.

Plate 6. Hibiscadelphus Hualalaiensis Rock.

Showing foliage, mature fruits and seeds. About one half

natural size.

otanical

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301209
bulletin.no.:

SD116

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