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FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the BOTANICAL SERIES
of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 31
The Library of the
JAN 1 8 1979
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO, U. S. A.
520.5 •FB
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. Two New Species of Palms from Nicaragua. By S. F. Glassman ... 1
2. Tropical American Plants, VI. By Louis O. Williams 11
3. Agriculture, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 49
4. Flora, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 101
5. Preliminary Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, and Its Allies.
By S. F. Glassman 145
6. Tropical American Plants, VII. By Louis 0. Williams 165
7. Supplement to Orchids of Guatemala. By Donovan S. Correll .... 175
8. Preliminary Notes on Scrophulariaceae of Peru. By Gabriel Edwin . . 223
9. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 233
10. Tropical American Plants, VIII. By Louis 0. Williams 247
11. Notes on the Flora of Costa Rica, I. By William C. Burger 273
12. A New Eurystyles from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 279
13. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 285
14. A Revision of the Family Geastraceae. By Patricio Ponce de Leon . . 303
15. Studies in American Plants. By Dorothy N. Gibson 353
16. Two New Nicaraguan Juglandaceae. By Antonio Molino R 357
17. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman .... 363
18. Tropical American Plants, IX. By Louis 0. Williams 401
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF COSTA RICA, I
WILLIAM C. BURGER
A NEW EURYSTYLES FROM NICARAGUA ALFONSO H. HELLER
NEW SPECIES IN THE PALM GENUS SYAGRUS MART., II
S. F. GLASSMAN
A REVISION OF THE FAMILY GEASTRACEAE
PATRICIO PONCE DE LEON
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 31, NUMBERS 11, 12, 13, 14
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FEBRUARY 22, 1968
(Jnwrsity of Illinois
JUL H 1968 •flu*,,.
NEW SPECIES IN THE PALM GENUS SYAGRUS MART., II
S. F. CLASSMAN
Professor of Biology, University of Illinois Research Associate, Field Museum of Natural History
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 31, NUMBER 13
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FEBRUARY 22, 1968
PUBLICATION 1038
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-31597
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart., II
Since the preparation of my last paper, bearing the same title as above (Fieldiana: Bot. 31 : 235-245, 1967). I have uncovered three additional species of Syagrus which heretofore have not been described. Descriptions of these are given below. This study has been supported by National Science Foundation grant no. GB3737.
Syagrus allenii Glassman, sp. nov. Figures 1-3.
Palma 6-10 m. alta; truncus solitarius, 10-13 cm. in diam. Pinniis utrinque 93 in gregibus dispositis; flores masculi et 11-12 et 8-9 mm. alti; flores feminei 6-7 mm. alti; fructus ca. 2.5 cm. longus et 2.2 cm. diam.
Palm 6-10 m. tall, trunk solitary, 10-13 cm. in diam. Petiole incomplete; rachis of leaf up to 187 cm. long; pinnae about 93 pairs, in loose clusters of 2-3, grayish-green above, yellowish-green below, middle ones up to 50 cm. long and 3.4 cm. wide, mostly with acute or oblique tips; spathe incomplete, up to 9 cm. wide; spadix incomplete, each branch up to 32 cm. long; lower male flowers 11-12 mm. long and those above 8-9 mm. long; female flowers 6-7 mm. long. 4-5 mm. wide, sepals and petals mostly with acute or blunt tips; fruit obovate, up to 2.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. in diam., endocarp 1.5-2 mm. thick, cavity trivittate, smooth; seed not seen.
COLOMBIA: Dept. Meta, llanos de San Martin, common in forest patches, Oct. 21, 1945, P. Allen 3352 (MO, holotype; BH).
Another specimen [P. Allen 3277 (MO, BH) Colombia: Dept. Vaupes, Rio Cuduyari, Jan. 23, 1944] may be the same species, but the leaf rachis is shorter, the pinnae are narrower and there are no female flowers for comparison. The fruits, however, are almost iden- tical in size and shape.
S. allenii appears to be most closely related to S. orinocensis (Spruce) Burret (Figs. 4-5) from Venezuela and Colombia. Both species are approximately the same size, have their pinnae arranged in loose clusters of two or three, and have female flowers which are similar in size and shape. S. allenii can be distinguished from the latter species mainly by the longer leaf rachis (187 cm., rather than 128 cm.), wider pinnae (up to 3.4 cm., rather than up to 2.5 cm.)
285
FIG. 1. S. alleni. Holotype (M). Part of spadix (right) and individual rachillae.
286
FIG. 2. S. alleni. middle, and upper.
Parts of leaf. Left to right: lower (with part of petiole),
FIG. 3. S. alleni. view of fruits.
External
287
FIG. 4. S. orinocensis. Wurdack and Monachino 40852 (BH). Complete flowering spadix (right) and individual rachillae with attached fruits.
288
GLASSMAN: NEW SPECIES OF SYAGRUS MART
289
FIG. 5. S. orinocensis. Parts of petiole and basal leaf sheath (left and center) and part of leaf blade with pinnae.
which have acute or oblique tips rather than acuminate tips, and shorter, obovate, non-beaked fruits rather than longer, ovate, beaked fruits (2.5 X 2.2 cm., rather than 3 X 1.9 cm.). The new species is also related to S. stenopetala Burret from Venezuela, but this species has narrower pinnae (up to 2.8 cm. wide) and ovate fruits up to 3.7 cm. long with a beak about 8 mm. long.
Besides S. allenii and S. orinocensis, S. sancona (H.B.K.) Karsten also has been reported from Colombia. The latter species has wider pinnae (up to 4.5 cm.) arranged in tight clusters of three or four, and the perianth of the female flowers has prominent veins. S. argentea (Engel) Becc. and S. chiragua (Karstan) Wendl., originally described from Colombia, have been relegated to species dubia because of inade- quate descriptions and lack of type material.
Syagrus duartei Glassman, sp. nov. Figures 6-9.
Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 125 cm. longa; piniis utrinque 64 in gregibus disposi- tis; spadix (pars ramosa) ca. 35 cm. longa, rachillae ca. 5-8; flores masculi et 16-20 et 10-15 mm. alti; flores feminei 20-25 mm. alti; fructus 3 cm. longus et 3 cm. diam.
Acaulescent palm. Petiole up to 7 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, sheathing base up to 20 cm. long, deteriorating into separate marginal fibers with age; rachis of leaf up to 84 cm. long; pinnae up to 64 pairs, mostly in close clusters of 3 (occasionally
FIG. 6. S. duartei. Serra do Cipo. Acaulescent plants growing in rocky outcrops.
FIG. 7. S. duartei. Serra do Cip6. J.C. Gomes holding leaves and spadices.
290
FIG. 8. S. duartei. a. Holotype (RB). Spathe and spadix showing rachillae and flowers (right), b. Glassman and Gomes 8033 (CHI). Sectioned and whole fruits (left).
291
292
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31
FIG. 9. S. duartei. Holotype (RB). Whole leaf (folded) showing basal leaf sheath, petiole and closely clustered pinnae.
2 or 4 in a cluster), upper surface glaucous, becoming eglaucous with age, middle ones up to 34 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, mostly with oblique or obtuse tips; ex- panded part of spathe up to 45 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, brownish tomentose to glabrous on outside; branched part of spadix up to 35 cm. long, branches 5-8 in number, each branch up to 22 cm. long; lower male flowers 16-20 mm. long and those above 10-15 mm. long, sepals 3-4 mm. long; female flowers mostly 20-25 mm. long and 6-8 mm. wide, occasionally smaller (16-19 mm. long); fruit more or less turbinate, up to 3 cm. long and 3 cm. in diam., endocarp 6-8 mm. thick, cavity smooth; seed not seen.
BRAZIL: State of Minas Gerais, Serra do Cipo, growing between blocks of quartzite, very frequent, Aug. 24, 1961, A. P. Duarte 5706
FIG. 10. S. glaucescens. Isotype (F). Glaziou 20024- Part of leaf showing folded pinnae with hooked and oblique tips and aristae; and sectioned fruits with attached seeds.
FIG. 11. S. glaucescens. Classman and Gomes 8112 (CHI). Spathes and spadices.
294
FIG. 12. S. mendanhensis. Holotype (BH). Left to right: Flowering spadix with some very young fruits, spathe and part of leaf.
295
FIG. 13. S. mendanhensis. Isotype (US). Left to right: Part of leaf showing loose clusters of pinnae, spadices with fruits in various stages of development, and spathe.
296
FIG. 14. S. pleioclada. Left to right: a. Glassman and Gomes 80^1 (CHI), b. Glassman and Gomes 8037 (CHI), c. Mello Barreto 1206 (RB). Relatively wide spathes with twisted and gnarled spadices.
297
298 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31
(RB, holotype) ; same locality data, alt. 1300 m., July 10, 1965, S. F. Glassman & J. C. Gomes 8033, 803^, 8035, 8036 (CHI).
Syagrus duartei does not seem to be closely related to any other acaulescent species of Syagrus; however, it resembles most closely S. glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc. (Figs. 10-11), a tree up to 3 m. tall and known only from the vicinity of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Both species have a spathe and spadix about the same size and clustered pinnae of approximately the same length and width with oblique tips. Besides overall size, the new species differs from S. glaucescens in having fewer and longer spadix branches (5-8, rather than 12-16 and up to 22 cm., rather than up to 12 cm.), and turbinate rather than broadly ovate fruits with an endocarp 6-8 mm. thick rather than 2-4 mm. thick.
S. duartei is common in rocky outcrops of Serra do Cipo covering a radius of about 10 km. It does not occur on the lower level areas of this mountain range where a trunkless species of Allogoptera is found. S. pleioclada Burret, another acaulescent palm, grows in the same general rocky areas as the new species, but at slightly lower elevations and it seems to be less frequent.
Syagrus mendanhensis Glassman, sp. nov. Figures 12-13.
Palma acaulis. Folia ca. 90-120 cm. longa; pinniis utrinque 18 in gregibus dispositis; spadix (pars ramosa) ca. 21 cm. longa, rachillae ca. 9; flores masculi 8-10 mm. alti; flores feminei 12 mm. alti; fructus 3 cm. longus et 0.9 cm. diam.
Acaulescent palm. Leaf 3-4 feet long fide Archer; petiole up to 37 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, sheathing base not seen; rachis of leaf up to 58 cm. long; pin- nae about 18 pairs, in loose clusters of 2-4, occasionally single, glabrous on both surfaces, middle ones up to 38 cm. long and 0.9 cm. wide, mostly with acuminate tips, intervals between clusters mostly 3-5 cm.; expanded part of spathe about 30 cm. long and 3.2 cm. wide; branched part of spadix 21 cm. long, branches up to 9 in number, each branch up to 16 cm. long; male flowers 8-10 mm. long; female flower 12 mm. long, 5 mm. wide; fruit (immature) oblong-ovate, up to 3 cm. long and 0.9 cm. in diam.; beak about 4 mm. long; seed not seen.
BRAZIL: State of Minas Gerais, vicinity of Mendanha, along road, Sept. 24, 1936, W. A. Archer W86 (BH, holotype-flowering; U. S.- f ruiting) .
Syagrus mendanhensis has the same general appearance as S. pleio- clada Burret (Figs. 14-15), another acaulescent palm from Serra do Cipo. Both species have their pinnae arranged in loose clusters (with fairly long intervals between clusters) and have acuminate tips, and the female flowers are approximately of equal length. S. mendanhen- sis can be easily distinguished from the latter species by the longer
GLASSMAN: NEW SPECIES OF SYAGRUS MART
299
FIG. 15. S. pleioclada. Glassman and Gomes 8038 (CHI). Whole leaf show- ing pinnae with loose clusters and long intervals between clusters.
and narrower spathes (30 cm. long and 3.2 cm. wide, rather than 18 cm. long and 8 cm. wide) ; the longer (21 cm., rather than 9 cm.), erect spadix instead of a short, much twisted and gnarled spadix; and fewer spadix branches (9, rather than 14) which are much longer (up to 16 cm., rather than 1.0-3.5 cm.).
The new species is also found in scattered localities in the vicinity of Diamantina, about 15 km. S.E. of Mendanha. During July, 1965 I collected several sterile specimens of this species, but unfortunately they were lost in transit.
Publications 1036, 1037, 1038, and 1039
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA
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