& !tV- Jfe^.T»T,i«,-« - ~»~r.s* ^ T.~*'x^™r^™ry^r}*^iVT^&ri^nr^ri*!i^>^-- frft&JSfgffi mi^m&usSL P^aljUr.f. ";' \ r4 f^S&r i ■ . • -v. •.■•;. *i\M'- * " . «bt^^dHBflHbd^e Moluccos, P' *7 Water '& Zebu IJIand, p. « Zacatal, #7^/ **>*/, p. 196 Zamori fignifies Coefar, p. i?i Zumbaya Ceremony, p. 247 Dire&iom for facing of the CVT S. PLace the Map before Page i; The Cut of the Champan and W before Page 5. The Melancholly Tree and Molicco Habit, before Page 8. The Carcoa and f^/- tnadia before Page 6*i. £ R R A T A. PAge 4, Line 7, /or 1404^ r«i 1494. p. 4,]. penult, for Nagalhaens, n Magalhaens. p. 8, 1 28, for deferves r. deferve. p. 10, J. 13, /or ruvmg r rowing, p. 11, 1. 4, for Caeiz, r. Caciz. p. 17, 1. 8, /or Inlguez, r, Iniguez. p. i6,l.l% in the Marginal Note, for mad r. made. p. 3?, in the full Marginal Note, /or Portvguefe PoiTefiion r, Portvguefes take Pofleffion, F. 42, in the third Marginal Note, /or King of Tydore, r. King of GUolo. p. 49) andelfewhtre,/iy Mindanosr. Mindanao, p. 54, 3. 30, for Cachilas r.Cachihs. ibid 1 44, /or ftj*rr, r. 5^7/. p. 49, J. IS, for Falcage r. Foliage, p. 6o, j. Ic^ for Reparations r. Preparations, p. £2, 1. 37»/oy dld lhey not loo*> r- had they not look'd. p. 63, 1. 4, for Advantages, r. Advantageour. p. 77, I. 33, /orcaivl ■r cavil, p. 97, in the fecond Marginal Note, for Duenas rrom, r. Dw. ■»wjm TTT ANEW VOYAGE CAROLINA; Containing the ExaS Defcriptim and Naur J Hiftary OFT B A H COUNTRY: Together with the Prefent State thereof. A JOURNAL Of a Thoufand Miles, Travel'd thro' feveral Nations of INDIANS. Giving a particular Account of their Cuftoms, Manners, &c. By John Laws on, Gent. Surveyor- General of North-Carolina. LO N do N.- Printed in the Year 1709. fe ¥ — T" "Tii-nftftM rwvriT v -rt 1 mrf jr*MW^v~*anr*g:!yk"'" u~-tf *&(£±Ihm ->m '••*■> .*• F - T I J C t • ■ ■ t • - - PREFACE. TIS a great Mis fortune ', that mofl of our Tra- vellers, who go to this vaft Continent in Ame- rica, are Perfons of the meaner Sort, and ge- nerally of a very fender Education $ who be- ing hird by the Merchants, to trade amongft the Indians m which Voyages they often fpend fever at Tears, are yet at their Return, uncap able of giving any reasonable Ac- count of what they met withal in thofe remote Parts -, tho* the Country abounds with Curio fities worthy a nice Obfervation. In this Point, I think, the French out- ftrip us. Jirft, By their Numerous Clergy, their Mijfionaries being obedient to their Superiors in the higheft Degree, and that Obedience being one great Article of their Vow\ and ftri&ly obfervd amongfl all their Orders. Secondly , They always fend abroad fame of their Gentlemen in Company of the Mijfionaries, who, upon their Arrival, are order d out into the Wilder nefs, to make Diftoveries, and to acquaint themfelves with the Savages of America s and are obligd to keep a ftri% Journal of all the Paffages they meet withal, in order to pre- fent the fame not only to their Governors and Fathers, but lihmfe to their Friends and Relations in France ; which is induftrioufly fpread about that Kingdom, to their Advantage. For their Monarch being a very good 'judge of Mens Defer ts, doe/ not often let Money or Inte- ■refi make Men of Parts give Place to others of lefs Worth. This bneds an Honourable Emulation amongfh ■them^ * ***** J SW/l Cfc *tj fb am^gprrgarw: P R.E FACE. them, to outdo one another, even in Fatigues, and Dan- vers 5 whereby they gain a goad Correspondence with the Indians, and acquaint thzmfelves with their Speech and Cuftoms h and Jo make con ft der able Difcoveries in a fhort time. Wifnefs , their Journals from Canada, to the Mtffiiipi, and its ' fever al Branches, where they have effe- cted great Matters, in a few Tears. - Having [pent mofi of my Time, during my eight Tears Abode in Carolina, in travellings Inotonlyfurveydthe Sea-Co afl and t ho fe Parts which are already inhabited by the Chrifiians , but likewife viewd a fpatious Tratf of Land, lying betwixt the Inhabitants and the Ledges oj Mountains, from whence our noblefi Rivers have their Rife, running towards the Ocean, where they water as pleafant a Country as any In Europe 5 the Difcoyery oj which being never yet made publick, I have, in the fol- lowing Sheets, given you a faithful Account thereof, wherein I have laid down every thing with Impartiality, and Truth, which is indeed, the Duty of every Author, and preferable to a fmooth Stile, accompany d with FaU fities and Hyperboles. "Great Part of this pleafant and healthful Country h ■Inhabited by none but Savages, who covet a Chriflian Neighbourhood, for the Advantage of Trade, and enjoj aU the Comforts of Life, free from Cart and Want. But not to amufe my Readers any longer with the En- comium of Carolina, I refer "em to my Journal , and o- iher more particular Defer iption of that Country and iu Inhabitants, which they will find after the Natural Hifto- ty thereof in which I have been very exaff, and for Me< t hod's fake, rangd each Species under its diftinft and proper Head, INTRO ( I ) INTRODUCTION. N the Year 1700, when People flock'd from all Parts of the Chriftian World, to fee the Solemnity of the Grand Jubilee at Rome, my Intention, at that Time, being to travel;, I ac- cidentally met with a Gentleman,whohad been Abroad, and was very well acquainted with the Ways of Living in both Indies ^ ofwhom,having made Enqui- ry concerning them, he affur'd me, that Carolina was the bell Country I could ge to^ and,that there then lay a Ship in the ttij&f,"ih which I might have my Paflage. I laid hold on this Opportunity, and was not long on Board, before we fell down ;he River, and fail 'd to Corns \ where, having taken in fbiae PaiTengers, we proceeded on our Voyage 'till we fprung i-leak, and- were forcM into the Iflands of Sally. Here we pent about to Days in refitting ^ in which Time we had a rreat deal of Divedion in Fifhing and Shooting on thofe xicky Iflands. The Inhabitants v/ere very courteous and ivll J efpe.cially the Governor, to whofegood Company and ravour, we weV'e very much oblig'd. There is a Town on me. of the'fc Iflands, where is good . Entertainment for thofe :hat happen to come in, though the Land is but mean, and :leflwneat not Plenty. They have good Store of Rabbits, Quails, and/Fiili i.and you fee at the poor Peoples Doors >reat Heaps of Perriwinkle-fhells, thofe Fifli being a great ?art of their Food. On the lif Day of Mayj having a fair ¥mi at Eaft\ we put to Sea, and were on the Ocean (with- mt fpeaking to any YelTel, except a Ketch bound from New England to Bar badoes, laden with Horfes, Fiftl,and Provifions) till the' latter End of July, when the Winds hung fo much y.utherly, "that we could not get to our Port, but put into fondyhook-bay, and went up to New Turk, after a pinching foyagev caus'd by our long Paflage. We found at the Wa- B tering* . ->*V--v.v:'.*v!j5 & •■'* • : ■ " -v- ■ -v- CO tering-Place, a Fr^wefc Man of War, who had on Board Men and NecefTaries to make a Colony, and was intended for the Mejiafippi River, there to fettle. The Country of New- Jork is very pleafant in Summer, but in the Winter very cold, as all the Northern Plantations are. Their chief Com- modities are Provifions, Bread, Beer, Lumber, and Fifli in abundance •, all which are very good, and fome Skins and Furrs are hence exported. The City is govern'd by a May- or, (as in England) is feated on an Ifland, and lies very con- venient for Trade and Defence, having a regular Fort, ancj well mounted with Guns. The Buildings are generally of a fmaller Sort of Fkmijh Brick, and of the Dutch Fafhion, (e£ cepting fome few Houfes : ) They are all very firm and good Work, and conveniently plac'd, as is likewife the Town, which gives a very pleaiant Profpe<3 of the neighbouring Iflands and Rivers. A good Fart of the Inhabitants an Dutch, in whofe Hands this Colony once was. After a Fort- night's Stay here, we put out from Sandyhooky and in 14 Day* after, arriv'd at Charles-Town, the Metropolis of South Caro- lina, which is Icituate in 32, 4? North Latitude, and admits of large Ships to come over their Bar up to the Town, when is a very commodious Harbour, about 5? Miles diftant fron the Inlet, and ftands on a Point very convenient for Trade being feated between two pleafant and navigable Rivers The Town has very regular and fair Streets, in which an good Buildings of Brick and Wood, andfince my coming thence, has had great Additions of beautiful, large Brick buildings, befides a ftrong Fort, and regular Fortification! made to defend the Town. The Inhabitants, by their wifi Management and Induftry,have much improved the Country which is in as thriving Circumftances at this Time, as an} Colony on the Continent of Englifi Jmerka^ndis of more Ad vantage to the Crown of Great Britain, than any of the othe: more Northerly Plantations, (Virginia and Maryland excepted. This Colony was at iTrft planted by a genteel Sort of People that were well acquainted with Trade, and had either Mo ney or Parts, to make good Ufe of the Advantages that of fer'd, as moft of them have done, by railing themfelves t< great Eftates, and confiderable Places of Truft, andPoftso Honour •V-ifcx. "•jTmrrr C?) Honour, in this thriving Settlement. Since the firft Plan- ters, abundance of French and others have gone over, arid rais'd themfelves to considerable Fortunes. They are very- neat and exact in Packing and Shipping of their Commodi- ties j which Method has got them fo great a Character A- broad, that they generally come to a good Market with their Commodities -, when oftentimes the Product of other Plantations, are forc'd to be fold at lower Prizes. They have a confiderable Trade both to Europe, and the Wefi Indies, whereby they become rich, and are fupply'd with all Things neceflary for Trade, and genteel Living, which' feveral other Places fall fhort of. Their co-habiting in a Town, has drawn to them ingenious People of molt Sci- ences, whereby they have Tutors amongft them that edu- cate their Youth a-la-mode. Their Roads, with great Induftry, are made very good and pleafant. Near the Town is built a fair Parfonage- houfe, with neceffary Offices, and the Minifter has a very confiderable Allowance from his Parifh. There is likewife a French Church in Town, of the Reform'd Religion, and fe- deral Meet ing-houfes for diffenting Congregations, who ail enjoy at this Day an entire Liberty of their Worfnip ; the Conftitution of this Government, allowing all Parties of ^ell-meaning Chriftians to enjoy a free Toleration, and pof- fefs the fame Priviledges, fo long as they appear to behave themfelves peaceably and well : It being the Lords Propri- etors Intent, that the Inhabitants of Carolina mould be as free from Oppreifion, as any in the Univerfe -, which doubt- lefs they will, if their own Differences amOngft themfelves do not occafion the contrary. They have a well-difciplin'd Militia-, their Horfe aremoft Gentlemen, and well mounted, and the belt in America, and may equalize any in other Parts : Their Officers, both In- fantry and Cavalry, generally appear in fcarlet Mountings, and as rich as in molt Regiments belonging to the Crown, ivhich ihews the Richnefs and Grandeur of this Colony, rhey are a Fronteer, and prove fuch troublefome Neigh- bours to the Spaniards, that th#y have once laid their Town tfSt.Aitguftini in Afties.and drove away their Cattle ^beiides B 2 many r> P * \iHtniim-"^'-^-'-'-"-~-rrrrat'" ■-'■*""■ *-4 SF (4) many Encounters- and Engagements, in which -they have de- feated them, too tedious to relate here. What the French got by their Attempt againft South Carolina, will hardly ever be rank'd amongtt their Victories •, their Admiral Mouville be- ing glad to leave the Enterprize, and run awa}?, after he had fuffer'd all the Lofs and Difgrace he wn.s capable of re- ceiving. They are abfolute Matters over the Indians, and carry foftrida Handover fuch as are within the Circle of their Trade, that none does the lead Injury to any of the; Englifa but he is prefently fent for, and pumfiYd with Death, or otherwife, according to the Nature of the Fault. They have an entire Friendihip with the neighbouring Indians of feveral Nations, which are a very warlike People, ever faithful to theEnglifi, and have prov'd themfelves brave and true on all Occafions •, and are a great Help and Strength to this Colo- ny. The Chief of the fayage Nations have heretofore groan'd Hiider the Spanijb- Yoke, and having experienc'd their Cruel- ty, are become fuch mortal Enemies to that People, that they never give* a Spaniard Quarter ^ but generally, when they take anyPrifoners, (if the Englifi be no! near to prevent it) fculpthem, that isr to take their Hair and Skin of tiieir Heads, which they often flea away, whilft the Wretch is a- 3ive. Notwithftanding the Englifi have us'd all their En- deavours, yet they could never bring them to leave this Bar- barity to the Spaniards^ who, as they alledge, life -to- mur- der them and their Relations, and make Slaves of them to build their Forts and Towns. This Place is more plentiful in Moneys, than moft, or in- deed any of the Plantations on. the Continent j befifdes, they build a confiderable Number of YefTels of Cedar, and other Wood, with which they trade to Cuirajfau, and the Wefi Indies : from one they bring Money, and from the other the Produce of their Iflands,which yields a necefTary Supply of both to the Colony. Their Stocks of Cattle are incredible, being from one to two thoufand Head in one Man's PofFellion : Thefe feed in the Savanmas, and other Grounds, and need no Fodder in the Winter. Their Mutton and Veal is good, and theii Fork is not inferior to any in America. As for Pitch and "Tar, none of the Plantations are comparable for affording th ,V £>AX *mmAtT*\T,J ( 5 ) the vaft Quantities of Naval Stores, as this Place does. There have been heretofore fome Difcoveries of rich Mines in the mountanous Part of this Country ; but being remote from the prefent Settlement, and the Inhabitants not well versed in ordering Minerals, they have been laid afide 'till a moiJQ fit Opportunity happens. There are feveral noble Rivers, $nd fpacious Traces of rich Land in their Lordmips Dominions, lying to the Southward, which #re yet uninhabited, besides tort Royal, a rare Harbour and Inlet, having many Inhabi- tants thereon, whith their Lordlhips have now made a Port for Trade. This will be a moft advantageous Settlement, ly- ing fo-commodioufly for Ships coming from the Gulph, and the Richhefs of the Land,which is reported to be there. Thefe more Southerly Parts will afford Oranges, Limons, Limes, and many other Fruits, which the Northerly Plantations yield not. The Merchants of Carolina, are fair, frank Traders. The Gentlemen feated in the Country, are very courteous, live very nobly in their Houfes, and give very genteel Entertain- ment to all Strangers and others, that come to vifit them. And fmce the Produce of South and North Carolina is the fame, un- leis Silk, which this Place produces great Quantities of, and very good, North Carolina having never made any Tryal thereof as yet, therefore I {hall refer the natural Produce of this Country, to that Part which treats of North Carolina, tvhofe Productions are much the fame. The Chriftian In- habitants of both Colonies ' pretty equal, but the Slaves of South Carolina are far more in Number than thofe in the North. E fhali now proceed to relate my Journey thro' the Country, from this Settlement to the other, and then t^eat of the na- tural Hiftory of Carolina, with other remarkable Circum- • ftances which I have met with, during my eight Years Abode*; m that Country. '._.-....,: M, ^rTinMBn,W!^^TS^0"'^ )-r*fA*Kt**~)rMn+J9/afrt Wg^r»/^*T>£fr/,£\ ^ CO JOURNAL O F A thoufand Miles Travel among the Indians, from South to North Carolina. •murJay. | jj N December the 28th, 1700, I began my Voy* age (for North Carolina) from Charles-Town, be- ing fit Eftglijh-men in Company, with three Indian-men^ and one Woman. Wife to our /«*- dian-Guidey having five Miles from the Town to the Breach we went down in alargeCanoe^ that we had provided for our Yoyage thither, having the Tide of Ebb along with us 5 which was fo far fpent by that Time we got down, that we had not Water enough for our, Craft to go over, although we drew but two Foot, or there- abouts. This Breach is a PafTage through a Marm lying to the Northward of SulHvans Ifland, the Pilot's having a Look out thereon, lying very commodious for Mariners, (on that Coaft) making a good Land-Mark in fo level a Country, this Bar being difficult to hit, where an Obfervation hath been wanting for a Day or two 5 North Eajl Winds bringing great Fogs, Milts, and Rains * which, towards the cool Months of OBoher^ November^ and until the latter End of March, often appear in thefe Parts. There are three Pilots to at* tend, and conduct Ships over the Bar. The Harbour where the Veflels generally ride, is againft the Town on Cooper's Ri* ver, lying within a Point which parts that and^/7;/t?)i-River, they being Lar^Mock'd almoft on all Sides. At '&JL (7) At 4 in the Afternoon, (at half Flood) we pafs'd with our Canoe over the Breach, leaving Sullivam Ifland on our Star- board. The firft Place we defign'd for, was Santee River on which thereis a Colony of French Proteftants,allow'd and en- Courag'd by the Lords Proprietors. At Night we got to Bell's- Wand, a poor Spot of Land, being about ten Miles round where hv'd (at that Time) a Bermndian, being employ'd 'hers with a Boy, to look after a Stock of Cattle and Hogs by the Owner of this Ifland. One Side of the Roof of his Houfe was thatch 'd with Palmeto-Ieaves, the other open to the Hea- vens, thou fands of Mufketoes, and other troublefome Infe&s, tormenting both Man and Beaft inhabiting thefe Iflands. The Palmeto-trees, whofe Leaves growing only on the Top of Palmeto- the Tree, in the Shape of a Fan, and in a Clufter, like a Cab- trees- bage >, this Tree in Carolina, when at its utmoft Growth, is about forty or. fifty Foot in Height, and two Foot through ; It's worth mentioning, that the Growth of the Tree is not perceiveable in the Age of any Man, the Experiment having been often try 'd in Bermuda*, and elfewhefe, which mews the flow Growth of this Vegitable, the Wood of it being porous andftringy, like fome Canes^ the Leaves thereof the Bermw Hans make Womens Hats, Bokeets, Bafkets, and pretty Dref- ftng-boxes, a great deal being tranfported to Benfihania, and other Northern Parts of America, (where they do not grow) For the fame Manufacture. The People otCarolina make of the Fans of this Tree, Brooms very ferviceable, to fweep their Hou- fcs withal. We took up our Lodging this Night with the Bermndian ■ Mir Entertainment was very indifferent, there being nofrefh tVater to be had on the Ifland. > The next Morning we fet away thro' the Marfhes h about Noon we reach'd another Ifland, call'd Dix's Ifland, much like to the former, tho' larger •, there liv'd an honeft Scot, who gave as the beft Reception his dwelling afforded, being well provi- ded of Oat-meal, and feveral other Effects he had found on that Coaft •, which Goods belonged to that unfortunate VefTel, the Rijing Sun, a Scotch Man of War* lately arriv'd from the IJlmus ofDarien, and caft away near the Bar of Mky River,the September before, Capt. Gibfon ofGlafio then commanding her, whi- IM W ? » *t tn-M rn~wtgrflafr^ftl *v-.y • ■••:. *\ ^aHff^M "^/---Ar-^ .- 1 •...;.- ft (8) -»\J*7>, 1. Beptem. 1700. who, with above an hundred Men then on Board her, were e- very Soul drown'd in that terrible Guft which then happen'd * 5 'molt of the Corps being taken up, were carefully interr'd by- Mr. Graham, their Lieutenant, who, happily was on Shore du- ring the Tempeft. \ After Dinner, we left our Scotch Landlord, and went that iHight to the North Eaft'Vo'mt of the Ifland : It being dark ^re we got there, our Canoe ftruck on a Sand near the Break- ers, and were in great Danger of our Lives, but (by God's Blefling) got off fafe to the Shore, where we lay all Night. J Monday. / In the Morning we fet forwards on oUr intended Voyage. About two a Clock we got to Bulk Ifland, which is about thirty Miles long, and hath a great Number of both Cattel and Hogs upon it • the Cattd being very wild, and the Hogs very lean/ Thefe two laft Iflands belong to one Colonel &- ry, an Inhabitant o{ South Carolina. Although it were Win- ter, yet we found fuch. Swarms of Mufeetoes, and other tro- blefome Infers, that we.got but little .Reft that Night. 1 I Tuefday. \ The next Day we intended for a, fmall Ifland an the other Side of Sejwfc-Bay, which joining to tnefe Iflands, Shipping might come toviclual or careen-, but there being-iuch a Bin> den of thofe Flies, that few or none cares to fettiethere ; fo the Stock thereon are run wild. We were gotten about half Way to £tfco0K-Iuand, when there" fprungup atart Gale. at -MM which put us ill fome Danger of being caft- away, thelBarjr being rough, and there running great Seas between the two Iflands, whkh are better than four Leagues afunder, a ftrong Current of a Tide fetting in and out, which made us turn Tail to it, and. got .our, Canoe right, before the^Wind, and came fafe into a Creek that is joining to the North End oi Bulk Ifland. We lent our Indians to hunt, who brought uj two Deers, which were very poor, and their Maws full oi large Grubs. Wednefday On tne Morrow we went and vifited the Eaftermofi Side of this Ifland, it joining to the Ocean, having very fair fandy Beeches, pav'd with innumerable Sorts of curious pretty Shells, very plea'fant to the Eye. : Amongft the reft,, we found the SpamJ/j Oyfter-Shell, whence come the Pearls. They are very large, and of a different Form from other Oy iters h their Colour *■ t -mi (_l2 ___ Colour much refemMes the Tortoife-Shell, when it is drefs'd. There was left by the Tide fevepal ftrange Species of a mii- riligmous ilimy Subftance, though living, and very aptly mov'd at their firft Appearance; yet, being left on the dry Sand, (by the Beams of the Sun) foon exhale and vanifh. At our Return to our Quarters, the Indians had TdlPd two more Deer, two wild Hogs, and three Racoons, all very lean, except the Racoons. We had great Store of Oyfters, Conks, and Glanns, a large Sort of Cockles. Thefe Parts being very well furninYd with Shelr-Fifti, Turtle of feveral Sorts, but few or none of the green, with other Sorts of Salt-water Fifh, and in the Seafon, good Plenty of Fowl, asGurleus, Gulls, Gan- nets, and Pellicans, befides Duck and Mallard, Geefe, Swans, Teal, Widgeon, &c. On Tburfday Morning we left Bulls Ifland, and went Xhxo3 Yhurfd^, the Creeks, which lie between the Bay and the main Land. Ait Noon we went on Shore, and got our Dinner near aPlanta- tion,on a Creek h a ving the full Profpedt of Sewee-Ba.y : W e fen t 3p to the Houfe, but found none at Home, but a Negro, of whom our MefTenger purchasM fome fmall Quantity of To- bacco and Rice. We came to a deferted Indian Refidence, :all'd Avendangb'bough, where we celled that Night. The next Day we entered Santee-Riveis Mouth, where is -Frtfaji frefh Water, occafionVi by the extraordinary Current that fomes down continually. With hard Rowing, we got two Leagues up the River, lying all Night in a fwampy Piece of around, the Weather being fo cold all that Time, we were dij: oft frozen ere Morning, leaving the ImpreiTions of our Be- lie s on the wet Ground. We fet forward very early in the Morning, to feek fome better Quarters. As we row'd up the River, we found the Land towards the Saturday. Mouth and for about fixteen Miles up it, fcarce any Thing but Swamp and Percoarfon, affording vaft Ciprus-Trees, or Percoar^ //hich the French make Canoes, that will-carry fifty or iktiyfy*}" ***''* Barrels, After the Tree is moulded and dug, they law them °£ai^ n two Pieces, and fo put a Plank-between, and a fmall Keel, o preferve them frdm theOyiter-Banks, which are innume- rable in the Creaks and Bays betwixt the French Settlement md Garfo-Tdwn* They carry two Mafts;i.and Bermudas C Sails, Hfrfcfrif J KWfT r?> «y i \ im f r ( io> " Sails, which makes them very handy and fit for their Pur* pofe-, for although their River fetches its firft Rife from the Mountains, and continues a. Current fome hundreds of Miles ere. it difgorges it &lf, having no found Bay or Sand-Banks betwixt the Mouth thereof, and the Ocean. Notwithftand- ing all this, with the vaft Stream it affords at all Seafons, and the repeated Freihes it fo often allarms the Inhabitants with, by laying under Water great Part of their Country, yet the Mouth is bar^d,. affording not above four or. five Foot Water at the. Entrance. As we went up the River, we heard agreat Noife, as if two Parties were engag'd againft each o- ther, feeming exadly like, fmali Shot. When we approach'd 7 nearer the Place, we found it to be fome Sewee Indians firing &n! the Canes Swamps, which drives out the Game, then taking their particular, Standstill great Quantities of both BearJDeer, Turkies, and what wild Creatures the Parts afford. :Thefe Semes have been formerly a large Nation, though now very much decreas'd, fince the Engliji) hath feated theis Land, and all other Nations of Indians are obferv'd to par- take of the fame Fate, where the Europeans come, the Indians being a People very apt to catch any Diftemper they are affli* &ed withal 5 the Small-Pox has deftroy'd many thoufands oi thefe Natives, who no fboner than they are attack'd with the violent Fevers, and the Burning which attends-that Diften* per, fling thennelves over Head in the Water, in the very Extremity of the Difeafe* which (hutting up the Pores, hin- ders a kindly Evacuation of the peftilential Matter, and drives It back-, by which Means Death molt commonly enfnes % not but in other Diftempers which are epidemical, you may find a mong 'em Practitioners that have extraordinary Skill and Sue cefs in removing thofe morfeifick Qualities which afflict 'em,no often going above 100 Yards from their Abode for their Reme dies,fome oftheir chiefeftPhyflcians commonly carrying thei; Compliment of Drugs continually about them, which ar Roots, Barks* Berries, Nuts, &c. that are fining upon I Thread. So like a Pomander, the Phyfician, wears them a bout his Neck. An Indian hath been ©ften found to heal ai MngM-manoi a Malady, for the Value of a- Match-Coat which the ableft of our Englijb Pretenders in America, afte repeat? H '1>j^ Llii „ repeated Applications, have deferted the Patient as incurable ♦, Cod having furnifh'd every Country with fpecifick Remedies for their peculiar Difeafes. Rum, a Liquor now fo much in UTe with them, that they Rum. will part with the deareft Thing they have, to purchafe it j and when they have got a little in their Heads, are the irn* patients Creatures living, 'till they have enough to make 'em quite drunk ^ and the moft miferable Spectacles when they are fb, fome falling into the Fires, burn their Legs or Anns, contracting the Sinews,and becqme Cripples all ther Life-time^ others from Precipices break their Bones and Joints, with a- bundance of Inftances, yet none are fo greatto deter them from that accurs'd Practice of Drunkennefs, though fenfible how many of them (are by it) hurry'-d into the other World be- fore their Time, as themfelves oftentimes will confefs. The Indians, I was now fpeaking of, were not content with the com- mon Enemies that lefTen and deftroy their Country-men, but invented an infallible Stratagem topurge their Tribe, and re- duce their Multitude into far lefs Numbers, Their Contri- vance wasthus, as a Trader amongft them ififornVd me. They feeing feveral Ships coming in, to bring *he*Eugiifi Supplies from Old England, one chief Part of their Cargo be- ing for a Trade with the Indians, fome of thecraftieftofthem had obferv'd, that the Ships came always hi at one Place, which made them very confident that Way was the exact Road to England-, and feeing fo many Shiptecome thence, they be- liev'd it could not be far thither, efteemkig the Eitgltjl) that ivere among them, no better than Cheats, and thought, if they could carry the Skins and Furs they got, them- felves to England, which were inhabited with a better Sort of People than thofe fent aniongft them, that then they Ihould purchafe twenty times the Value for every Pelt they fold A- broad, inConfideration of what Rates they fold for at Home, The intended Barter Was exceeding weli approved of, and af- ter a general Confutation of the ablelt Heads amongft them, it was, NentineContrailcehie, agreed upon3 immediately to make in Addition of their Fleet, by building more Canoes, and ^hofe to be of the bell Sort^ and biggeft Size, as fit for their intended Difcovery. Somt'Indiam were employ 'd about ma- C 2 f-M IS 1 hi ■^ - ■■■>«iM>iMihMMiiiiii'a«fitts^nw?s^ Wg more of their Beet, \ ( n ) king the Canoes, others to hunting, every one to the Poft he was mod fit for, all Endeavours tending towards an able Fleet and Cargo for Europe. The Affair was carry 'd on with a great deal of Secrecy and Expedition, fo as in a final 1 Time they had gotten a Navy, Loading, Provifions, and Hands rea- dy to fet Sail, leaving only the Old, Impotent, and Minors at Home, 'till their fuccefsful Return. The Wind prefentingv They ne- they fet up their Mat-Sails, and were fcarce out of Sight, ver hear- when, there rofe a Temped, which it's fuppos'd carry'd ong Part of thefe Indian Merchants, by Way of the other World, whilfl; the others were taken up at Sea by an Englifi Ship, and fold for Slaves to the Iflands. The Remainder are bet- ter fatisfy'd with their Imbecilities in fuch.an Undertaking, nothing affronting them inore,. than to rehearfe their Voy- age to England. There being a ftrong Current in oWRiyer, caus'd us to make fmall Way with our Oars. With hard Rowing, we got that Night to Monf. Mugee's Houfe, which ftands- about fif- teen Miles up the River, being the firft Chriftian dwelling we met withal ; in that Settlement, -and were very courte- ©ufly receiv'd by him and his Wife. Many of the French follow a Trade with the Indians, living, very conveniently for that Intereft. There is about feventy* Families fea ted on this River, who live as decently and hap- pily, as any Planters- in thefe Southward Parts of America. The French being a temperate in duftrious People, fome of them bringing very little of Effects, yet by their Endeavours and mutual Amfta nee amongft themfelves, (which is highly robe commended) have out-ftript our EitgliJI)^ who brought with 'em larger Fortunes, though (as it feems) lefs endeavour to ma- nage their Talent to the belt Advantage. 'Tis admirable to- lee what Time and Xnduftry will (with God's Bleihng) efreel:. Carolina affording many Itrange Revolutions in the Age of & Man, daily Inftances prefenting themfelves to our View, of fo many, from defpicable Beginnings, which in a fhort Time arrive to very fplended Conditions. Here Propriety hatha large Scope, there being no itricf Eaws to bind our Privileges. A Quell after Game, being as freely and peremptorily en- joyed by the meaneft Planter, as he that is the higheft in Dig- nity, c_^o nity,or wealthieft in the Provinca. Deer, and other Game that are naturally wild, being not immur'd, or preferv'd within Boundaries, to fatisfy the Apppetite of the Rich alone. A poor Labourer, that is Matter or his Gun, &c. hath as good a Claim to have continued Coarfes of Delicacies crouded upon his Table, as he that is Mafter of a greater Pur-fe. We lay all that Night at Monf. httgee\^n^ the next' Morn- ing fef out farther, to go the Remainder of our Voyage by Land": At ten a Clock we pafs'd over a narrow, deep Swamp, having left the three Indian Men and one Woman, that had pilotted the Canoe from ^iy-River, having hir'd a Sewee-Indian, a tall, lufty Fellow, who- carry 3d a Pack of Dur Cloaths, of ^reat Weighty notwithstanding his Burden, live had much a-do to keep pace with him. At Noon we came up with feveral French Plantations, meeting with feveral Creeks by the Way, the French were very officious in af- Rfting with their final! Dories to pafs over thefe Waters^ 'whom we met coming from their Church) being all of them rery clean and decent in their Apparel ^ their Houfesand Plantations fhitable in Neatnefs and Contrivance, They are ill of the fame Opinion witb the Church of Gemva\ there »eing no Difference amongft them concerning the Puntfilio's if their Chriftian Faith ; which Union hath propagated a tappy and delightful Concord in all other Matters through* ut the whole Neighbourhood *, living amongft themfelves as ne Trible, or Kindred, every one making it his Bufmefs to eafliftant to the Wants of his Country-man, preferving his Iftate and Reputation with the fame Exadtnefs and Concern s he does his. own ; all feeming to fhare in the Misfortunes* nd rejoyce at the Advance^ and Rife, of their Brethren. o Towards the Afternoon, we came to Monf. V Jandro ;wber& pe got our Dinner 5 there coming ibme French Ladies whilft* re were there, who were lately come £xomEnglcmdr and Monf. "Grandma worthy Norman^ who hath been a great Sufferer in isEftate, by the Perfecution in France^ againft thofe of th© roteftant Religion : This Gentleman very kindly invited us > make our Stay with' him all Night, but we being intended rther that Day, took our Lsaves, returning Acknowledge tents of theis Favours.. Ahoufc laauaxK ZdfflS^K^/jritMrt^r . ew^m- -%jbhuu fftaam C H) About 4 in the Afternoon, wepafs'd over a large Ciprns run in a fmali Canoe 5 the French Do&or feat his Negro to guide us over the Head of a large Swamp ; fo we got that Night ta Monf. Gallian's the elder, who lives in a very curious contriv'd Houie, built of Brick and Stone, which is gotten near that Place. Near here comes in the Road from Cbarks-Towt, and tbe reft of the Evglijly Settlement, it being a very good Way by Land, and not above 36 Miles, altho" more than 100 by Water ; and I think the inoft difficult Way I ever faw,* occa- fion'd by Reafon of the multitude of Creeks lying along the Main, keeping their Courfe thro5 the Marines, turning and winding like a Labyrinth,having the Tide of Ebb and Flood twenty Times in lefs than three Leagues going. The next Morning very early, we ferry 'd over a Creek that runs near the Houfe ; and, after an Hour's Travel in the Woods, we came to the River-fide,where we ftay 'd for the In- dian, who was our Guide, and was gone round by Water in a fmali Canoe, to meet us at that Place wereftedat, He.came af- ter a fmali Time,and ferry 'd us in that little VefFel over Santee River^Miles, and 84 Miles in the Woods,which the over-flow- ing of the Frefhes, which then came down, had made a perfect Sea of, there running an incredible Current in the River, which had caft onr fmali Craft, and us, away, had we not had this Sewee Indian with us -, who are excellent Artifts in managing thefe fmali Canoes. Santee River, at this Time, (from theufual Depth of Water) was rifen perpendicular 56 Foot, always making a Breach from her Banks, about this Seafon of the Year : The general Opinion of the Caufe thereof, is fuppos'd to proceed from the Overflowing of frefli Water-Lakes that lie near the Head of this River, and others, upon the fame Continent : But my Opinion is, that thefe vaft Inundations proceed from the great and repeated Quantities of Snow that falls upon the Moun- tains, which lie at fo great a Diftance from the Sea, therefore they have no Help of being diflblvM by thofefaline, piercing Particles, as other adjacent Parts near the Ocean receive; and therefore lies and increafes to a vaft Bulk, until fome mild Southerly Breezes coming on a fudden, continue to unlock ^hefe frozen Bodies, congeal'd by the North-Jfejl Wind, duTipa- ting ( *5 ) ting them inXiquids ^ and coming down with Impetuofityv fills thofe Branches that feed thefe Rivers, and. caufes this ftrange Deluge, which oft-times lays under Water t he adjacent Parts on both Sides this Current, for feveral Milesdiftant from her Banks >, tho'-the French and Indians arrVnfdto me, they never knew fuch an extra ordinary Flood there before. We all, by GodsBleifmg, and the Endeavours of our In* J/WPilot, pafs'd fafe over the River, but was loft in the Woods, which feem'd like fome great Lake, except here and. there a Knowl of high Land, which appear'd above Water. We intended for Monf. Galliar'sjmi, but was loft,n©ne of us knowing the Way at that Time, altho' the Indian was born in that Country, it having receiv'd fo ftrange a Mctamorphojis. We were in feveral Opinions concerning the right Way, the Indian and my felf,fuppos'd theHoufe to bear one Way , the reft thought to the contrary -y we differing, it was agreed on amongft us,that one half fhoulcl go with the Indian to find the Houfe, and the other part to ftay Upon one of thefe dry .-Spots., until fome of them return'd to us5and inform'd us where it lay. My felf and two more were left behind^by Reafon the Ca- soe would not carry us all •, we had but one Gun amongft us, one Load of Ammunition, and no Provifion. Had our Men in the Canoe mifcauy'd, we mull (in all Probability) there have perifh'd. In about fix Hours Time, from our Mens Departure, the Indian came back to us in the feme Canoe he went in, being half drunk, which afliir'd us they had found fome Place of Refreshment. He took us three into the Canoe, telling us all, was well : Padling cur Veilel feveral Miles thro5 the Woods, being often half full of Water * but at length we got fafe to the Place we fought for„ which prov'd to lie the feme Way the hdian and I guefs'd it did*. When we got to the Houfe, we found our Comrades in the fame Trim tht Indian was in, and feveral of the French Inha- bitants with them,whotreated us very courteoufly,wondering' at our undertaking fuch a Yoyage, thro' a Country inhabit ted by none but Savages, and them of fo different Nations- and Tongues. After we had refrelh'd our (elves, weparted froqj a very kind* reci^frf *: J*r*JM*ittr^Ttt3r*J2 1AM M» ^'y^^JWHUR^^ ■s ( 1« ) Tuefday. kind, loving, and affable People, who wifh'd its a fafe and prosperous Voyage. Hearing of a Camp of Safttee Indians not far of, we let out intending to take up our Quarters with them that Night. There being a deep Run of Water in the Way, one of our Com- pany being top-heavy, and there being nothing but a fmali Pole for a Bridge, over a Creek, fell into the Water up to the Chin 5 my felt" laughing at the Accident, and not taking good Heed to my Steps, came to the fame Misfortune : All our Bedding was wet. The Wind being at N.Jf. it froze very hard, which prepared fuch a Night's Lodging for me$ that I never defire to have the like again \ the wet Bedding and freezing Air-had fo ^ualify'd our Bodies, that in the Morning when we awak'd, we were nigh frozen to Death, until we had re- cruited our felves before a large Fire of the Indians. Tuefday Morning we fet towards the Conferees, leaving the Indian Guide Scipio drunk amongtt the Santee- Indians We went ten Miles out of our Way, to head a great Swamp, the Frefties having fitt'd them all with fuch great Quantifies of Water, that the ufual Paths were render'd unpafTable. We met in our Way with an' W/'ii»Hut,where we were entertain 5d with a fat, boil'd Goofe, Venifon, Racoon, and ground Nuts. We made but little Stay ^ about Noon, we pafs'd by feveral large Sarannah's, wherein is curious Ranges for Cattel, be- ing green all the Year-, they- were plentifully ltor'd with Cranes, Geefe,-£9V. and the adjacent Woods' with' great Flocks of Turkies. This Day we traVelPd about 3 o Miles, and lay- all Night at a Houfe which was built for the Indian Trade, the Mafter thereof we had parted with at the French Town, who gave us Leave to make ufe of his Manfion. Such Houfes are common in thefe- Parts,- and efpecially where there is In- dian Towns, and Plantations near at hand, which this Place is well furniuYd withal. Thefe Santee-Indiam are a weH-humour'd and affable Peo- ple •, and living near the EngliJI), are become very tradtable. They make themfelves Cribs after a very curious Manner, wherein they fecure their Corn from Vermin; which are more frequent in thefe warm Climates, than Countries more ifcftan't from the Sun. ■•' Thefe ipretty Fabrieks are commonly fup- ( 17 ) fupported with eight Feet or Polls, about feven Foot high from the Ground, well daub'd wfthinand without upon Laths, with Loom or Clay, which makes them tight, and fit to keep out the fmalleft Infe&, there being a fmall Door at the gable End, which is made of the fame Compofition, and to be remov'd at Pleafure, being no bigger, than that a {len- der Man may creep in at, cementing the Door up with the fame Earth, when they take Corn out of the Crib, and are *oing from Home, always finding their Granaries in the fame Pofture they left them * Theft to each other being altogether anpra&is'd, never receiving Spoils but from Foreigners. Hereabouts the Ground is fomething higher than about "barks-Town, there being found fome Quarries of brown free Stone, 'which I have feen made Ufe of for Building, and hath ^rov'd very durable and good. The Earth here is mk'd with vhite Gravel, which is rare, there being nothing like a Stone :o be found, of the natural Produce, near to Jfily-Rivei. The next Day about Noon we came to the Side of a great jfrednerd Swamp, where wewereforc'd to ftrip our felvesto get over it, Septem. % vhich, with much Difficulty, we effe&ed. Hereabouts the 1700. ate Guft of Wind, which happen'd in September laft, had torn :he large Ciprus-Trees and Timbers up by the Roots, they ^ying tonfufedly in their Branches, did block up the Way, making the Pailage very difficult. This Night we got to one Scipio's Hutt, a famous Hunter : rhere was no Body at Home^ but we having (in our Company) me that had us'dto trade amongft them, we made our feives welcome to what his Cabin afforded, (which is a Thing com- mon) the Indians allowing it practicable to. the Engli/h Tra- ilers, to takeout of their Houfes what they need in their Ab- fence, in Lieu whereof they molt commonly, leave fome fmall Gratuity of Tobacco, Paint, Beads \.&e. We found great Store of Indian Peas, <(a very good Pulfe) Beans, Oyl, Think- apin Nuts, Corn, barbacu'd Peaches, and Peach-Bread j which Peaches being made into a Quiddony, and fo made up into Loves like Barley-Cakes, thefe cut into thin Slices, and dif- folv'd in Water, makes a very grateful Acid, and extraordi- nary beneficiaV in Fevers, as hath often been try'd, and ap- pro v d on by omEngUJi) Pra&itioners. The Wind, being at 1 J D N3K 'nSBTOZgW^K^tra^^ C *8 ) N. W. with cold Weather, made us make a large Fire in the Indians Cabin y being very intent upon our Cookery, we fet the Dwelling on Fire, and with much ado, put it out, tho5 with the Lofs of Part of the Roof. ., The next Day we travelled on our Way, and about Noon ay' came up with a Settlement of Santee Indians^ there being Plan- tations lying fcattering here and there, for a great many Miles, They came out to meet us, being acquainted with one of our Company, and made us very welcome with fat barbacu'd Venifon," which the Woman of the Cabin took and tore in Pieces with her Teeth, fo put it into a Mortar, beating it to Rags, afterwards ftews it with Water, and other Ingredients, which makes a very favoury Dim; At thefe Cabins came to vifit us the King of the Santee Na- tion. He brought with him their chief Do&or or Phyfician, who was warmly and neatly clad with a Match-Coat, made ©f Turkies Feathers, which makes a pretty Shew, feeming as if it was a Garment of the deepeft filk Shag. This Doctor had the Misfortune to lofe his Nofe by the Pox, which Di- feafe the Indians often get by the Englifi Traders that ufe a^ mongft them *, not but the Natives of America have for many Ages (by their own Confeflion) been airlifted with a Di- ftemper much like the Lues Venerea which hath all the. Symptoms of the Pox, being different in thjs only * for I never could learn, that this Country-Diftemper, or Yawes, is begun or continu'd with a Gonorrhoea ♦, yet is attended with nocturnal Pains in the Limbs, and commonly makes fuch a Progrefs, as to vent Part of the Matter by Botches, and feveral Ulcers in the Body, and other Parts ^ oftentimes Death enfuing. I have known mercurial Unguents and Re- medies work a Cure, following the fame Methods as in the Pox } feveral white People, but chiefly the Criolo\ lofing their Palates and Nofes by this devouring "Vulture. It is epidemical, viiiting thefe Parts of Amwka, which is often occafion'd thro' the immoderate drinking of Rum, by thofe that commonly drink Water at other Times, cold Nights Lodging, and bad open Houfes, and more chiefly by often wet- ting the Feet, and eating fuch Quantities of Pork as they do3 which is a grofs Food, and a great Propagator of fuch Juices C 19) y "" - "' ■■■'■' 1 ' 111 ,,,, Juices as it often meets withal in human Bodies, once tainted wuh this Malady 3 which may differently (in fome Refpe&s) act its Tragedy h the Change being occafion'd by the Diffe- rence of Climates and Bodies, as in Europe. We being well enough affur'd that the Pox had its firft Rife (known to us) in this new World, it being caught of the Indian Women, by the Spani/j Soldiers thai followed Columbus in one of his Expeditions to America ; who after their Arrival in Old Spain, werehaften'd to the Relief of Naples, at that Time befieg'd by the French. Provisions growing fcarce, the ufelefs Peo- ple were turn'd out of the City, to leffen the Mouths 5 a- mongft thefe, the Curte[ans were one Part, who. had frequent- ly embrac'd the Spaniards, being well fraught with Riches by their new Difcovery. The Leager Ladies had nofoonerloft their SpaniJIi Dons, but found themfelves as well entertain'd by the French, whofe Camp they traded in, giving the Moun- fieurs as large a Share of the pocky Spoils within their own Lines, as the Spaniards had, who took the Pains to bring it in their Breeches as far as from America ; the large Supplies of Swines Flefh, which that Army was chiefly victualPd withal, made it rage. The Siege was rais'd $ the French and Spani- ards retreating to Flanders, vihichw3.&* Parradeof all Nations^ by which Means, this filthy Diftemper crowded itfelf into moilNatious of the known World, Now to return to our Do&or,whoin the Time of his Affiidti- on withdrew himfelf (with one that labour'd under the. fame Diftemper) into the Woods. Thefe two perfected their Cures by proper Vegitables, 6£t\ of which they have Plenty, and are well acquainted with their fpeciflck Y irtue. I have feen fuch admirable Cures perform'd by thefe Sava- ges, which would puzzle a great many graduate Practitioners to trace their Steps in Healing, with the fame Expedition, Eafe, and Succefs ^ iifing no racking Inftruments in their Chi- rurgery, nor nice- Rules of Diet and Phyfick, to verify the Saying, qui Medice vivit, mifere vivit. In Wounds which pe- netrate deep, and feem mortal, they order a fpare Diet, with drinking Fountain- water •, if they perceive a white Matter,or Pus to arife, they let the Patient mors at large, and presently curehirn* D 2 After H ft 4 CV^WCT»f*^i^^ was.? rgana j> w JWMMMfrrjajHiJNiuiw C ao) After thefe two had perform'd their Cures at noeafier Rate than the Expence of both their Nofes, coming again amongft their old Acquaintance fo disfigur'd, the Indians admir'd to fee them metamorphosed after that manner ; enquir'd of them where they had been all that Time, and what were become of their Nofes? They made Anfwer, That they had been eonverfimg with the white Man above, (meaning God Al- mighty) how they were very kindly entertain'd by that Great Being $ he being much pleas'd- with their Ways, and had promis'd to make their Capacities equal with the white People in making Guns, Ammunition, &c, in Retaliation of which, they had given him their Nofes. The Verity of which^ thay yet hold, the Indians being an eafy, credulous People, and moft notorioufly cheated by their Priefts and Conjurers, both Trades meeting ever in one Perfon, and moft commonly a Spice of Quacklhip added to the other two Ingredients, which renders that cunning. Knave the Impoftor to be more rely'd upon v thence a fitter Inftrument to cheat thefe ignorant Peo- ple ^ the Prieft and Conjurers being never admitted to their Practice, 'till Years and the Experience of repeated Services ■hath- wrought their j Efteem amongft the Nations they belong to* The Santee King, who was in Company with thisNo- nos'd Do&or , is the moft abfolute Indian Ruler in thefe Parts, although he is Head but of- a fmall People, in Re- fpeft. to fome other Nations of Indians^ that I have feen*: He can put any of his People to Death that hath'. committed any Fault which he judges worthy of fo great a Punifhment. This Authority is- rarely found amongft thefe Savages, for they a£t not (commonly) by a-determinative Voice hi their Laws, towards «ny one that hath committed Murder, or fuch other great Crime, but take this Method ^ him to whom the Injury was done, or if dead, theneareft of his Kindred profecutes by Way of an actual Revenge, being himfelf, if Opportunity ferves his Intent, both Judge and Executioner, performing fb much Mifchief on the Offender, or his neareft Relation, until fuch Time that he is fully fatisfy'd : Yet lips Revenge is not fo infallible, but it may be bought [off with. Beads, Tobacco, and fuch like Commodities that are ufeful ~uJ"\TrJ ( ** ) ufeful amongft them, though it were the moft fable Villany that could be acted by Mankind. Some that' attended the King, prefented me with an odorife- ious,balfamickRoot, of a fragrant Smell and Tafte,the Name Iknow not -, they chew it in the Mouth, and by thatfimpte Application, heal defperate Wounds, both green and oldj that finall Quantity I had, was given inwardly to thofe troubl'd with the Belly-ach, which Remedy fa i I'd not to give prefent Help, the Pain leaving the Patient foon after they had taken the Root. Near to thefe Cabins are feveral Tombs made after the manner of thefe Indians ; -, the largeft and the chiefeft of them was the Sepulchre of the- late Indian King of the Santeesr, a Man of great Power, not only amongft-his own Subjects, but dreaded by the neighbouring Nations for his great Valour and Conduct, having as large a Prerogative in his Way of Ruling, as the prefent King I now fpoke of The manner of their Interment, is thus: A Mote or Pyramid )f Earth is rais'd ,the Mould thereof being work'd very fmooth ind even, fometimes higher or lower, according to the Digni- ty of the Perfon whofe Monument it is. On the Top there- )f is an Umbrella, made Ridge-ways, like the Roof of an 3oufe * this is fupported by nine Stakes, or fmall Polls, the jrave being about Uxor eight Foot in Length, and four Foot n Breadth-, about it is.hung Gourds Feathers, and other fuch ike Trophies, plac'd there by the dead Man's -Relations, in tefpecl to him in the Grave. The other Part of the Funeral- tites are thus, As fbon as the Party is dead, they lay the "orps upon a Piece of Bark in the Sun, feafoning or embalm- ng it with a fmall Root beaten to Powder ,which looks as red as - fermilion ; the fame is mix'd with Bear's Oil, to beautify the lair, and preferve their Heads from being loufy^ it growing plentifully in thefe Parts of America. After* the Carcafs has aid a Day or two in the Sun, they remove and lay it upon srotches cut on purpofe for the Support thereof from the Earth-, hen they anoint it all over with the fore-mention'd Ingredi- nts of the Powder of this Root, and Bear's Oil. When it is © done, they cover it very exactly over with Bark of the to or Cyprus Tree, to prevent any Rain to fall upon it, fweepinf*; } »r»«Tii«ii!mnwrmt7nnvnnMf«^./m^.KaJiii JWAWWWW. (=0 fweeping the Ground very clean all about it. Some of his neareft of Kin brings all the temporal Eftate he was pof» fefs'd of at his Death, as Guns, Bows, and Arrows, Beads, Feathers, Match-coat, &c. This Relation is the chief Mourn- er, being clad in Mofs, and a Stick in his Hand, keeping a mournful Ditty for three or four Days, his Face being black with the Smoak of Pitch, Pine, mingl'd with Bear's Oil. All the while he tells the dead Man's Relations, and the reft of the Spectators, who that dead Perfon was, and of the great Feats perform'd in his Life-time ^ all what he fpeaks, tending to the Praife of the Defunct. As foon as the Flefh grows mellow, and will cleave from the Bone, they get it off, and burn it, making all the Bones very clean, then anoint them with the Ingredients aforefaid, wrapping up the Skull (very carefully) in a Cloath artificially woven of Pofliims Hair. (Thefe Indi- ans make Girdles, Sallies, Garters, &c. after the fame Manner.) The Bones they carefully preferve in a wooden Box, every Year oiling and cleanfing them : By thefe Means preferve them for many Ages, that you may fee an Indian in PoflefTioq of the Bones of his Grand-father, or fome of his Relations of a larger Antiquity. They have other Sorts of Tombs ', as whew an Indian is flain, in that very Place they make a Heap of Stones, (or Sticks, where Stones are not to be found}) to this Memorial, every Indian that pafTes by, acfds a Stone, to aug- ment the Heap, in Refpedt to the deceas'd Hero. We had a very large Swamp to pafs over near the Houfe. and would have hir'd our Landlord to have been our Guide •but he feem'd unwilling ^ fo we prefs'd him no farther about it. He was the tailed Indian I ever faw, being feven Foot high; and a very ftraitcompleat Perfon, efteem'd on by the King for his great Art in Hunting, always carrying with him an artificial Head to hunt withal : They are made of the Head of a Buck, the back Part of the Horns being fcraptand hol- low, for Lightnefs of Carriage. The Skin is left to the let- ting on of the Shoulders, which is lin'd all round with fmali Hoops, and flat Sort of Laths, to hold it open for the Arm tc go in. They have a Way to preferve the Eyes, as if living The Hunter puts on a Match-coat made of Deer's Skin, witl the Hair orj3 and a Piece of the white Part of a Deer's Skin, thai £iva> —uT^r.y (23) ;hat grows on the Breaft, which is faften'd to the Neck-End" >f this .ftalking Head, fo hangs down. In thefe Habiliments in Mian will go as near a Deer as he pleafes, the exa£t Mo- ions, and Behaviour of a Deer being fo well counterfeited by em,tbat feyeral Times it hath been known for two Hunters to :ome up with a ftalking Head together, and unknown to each >ther, fo that they have kilPd an Indian inftead of a Deer, irhich hath happen'd fometimes to be a Brother, or fome lear Friend ; for which Reafon they allow not of that Sort >f Practice, where the Nation is populous. I Within half a Mile of the Houfe, we pafs'd over a prodi- gious wide and deep Swamp, being forc'd to ftrip ftark- naked, ind much a-do to fave our felves from drowning in this Fa- jegue. We, with much a-do, got thro', going that Day about i™ Miles farther, and came to three more Indian Cabins, all'd in the Indian Tongue, Bicker an, by the Etiglifi Tradejrs, be black Houfe, being pleafantly feated on a high Bank, by a ►ranch of Santee-River. One of our Company, that had raded amongft thefe Indians, told us. That one of the Cabins ras his Father Vin-Law * he calFdhimfo, by Reafon the old Ian had given him a young Indian Girl, that was his Daugh- ir, to lie with him, make Bread, and to be neceJOTary in what le was capable to aifift him in, during his Abode amongft iem. When we came thither firft, there was no Body at Home, > the Son made bold to fearch his Father's Granary for Corn, nd other Provifions He brought us fome Indian Maiz and |eas, which are of areddifh Colour, and eat well, yet colour ie Liquor they are boiFd in, as if it were a Lixivium of red 'artar. After we had been about an Hour in the Houfe, 'here was Millions of Fleas, the Indian Cabins being often iller of fuch Vermin, than any Dcg-Kennel, the old Man line in to us, and feem'd very glad to fee his Son-in-Law. ^ This Indian is a great Conjurer, as appears by the Sequel, 'he Seretee or Santee Indians were gone to War againft the looks and Backbooh Nations, living near the Mouth of Winy- K-River. Thofe that were left at Home, (which are com- lonly old People and Children) had heard no News a long nime of their Men at Arms. This Man, at the Entreaty of tfeefe u ♦1^ ^/gyCT^^v^ >, M^t^^^T^Jthto^r^rt^uti^eT*,^^ thefe People, (being held to be a great Sorcerer amongft 'em) went to know what Pofture tkeir fighting Men were in. His Exorcifm was carry 'd on thus : He drefs-cl himfelt in a clean white drefs'd Deer- Skin h ^ great Fire being made in the Mid- dle of the Plantation, the hdians fitting all round it, the Conjurer was blind-folded, then he furrounded the JFire feve- ral Times,4 think thrice •, leaving the Company, he went into the Woods, where he ftay'd about half an Hour, returning to them, furrounded the Fire as before h leaving them, went the fecond Time into the Woods * at which Time there came a huge Swarm of Flies, very large, they flying about the Fire feveral Times, at laft fell all into it, and were vilibly confumU Immediately after the Maw-Conjurer made a huge Lilleloo, and howling very frightfully, prefently an Indian went and caught hold of him, leading him to the Fire. The old Wizard was fo feeble and weak, being not able to Hand alone, .and all overin a Sweat, and as wet as if he had fallen into the River. After fome Time he recover'd his Strength, alluring them, that their Men were neara River, and could not pafs over it 'till fo;many Days, but would, in fuch a Time, return all in Safety, ut where it naturally grew. The Weather was very cold', he Winds holding Northerly. We made our felves as merry as' re could, having a good Supper with the Scraps of the Veni- )nwehad given us by the Indians, havingknTd 3 Teal and a olTum •, which Medly ail together made a curious Ragoo. This Day all of us had a Mind to have refled, but tho Indian Sunl™ 1? ■as much againit it, alledging, That the Place we lay at, was *M"° ot good to hunt in -, telling us, if we would go on, by Noon, 3 would bring us to a more convenient Place h fo we mov'd nwards, and about twelve a Clock came to the moft amazing rofpecT: I had feen iince I had been in Carolina ; we travel! -d f a Swamp-fide, which Swamp I believe to be no lefs than penty Miles over, the other Side being as far as T could well fcern, there appearing great Ridges of Mountains, bearing rjm us W. N. f/. One Alp with a Top like a Sugar-loaf, ad- inc'd its Head above all the reft very considerably y the Day as very ferene, which gave us the Advantage of feeing along ay f\ thefe Mountains werecloth'd all over with Trees,which smM to us to be very large Timbers. At the Sight of this fairProfpedl, we ftay'd all Night ; our Hdn going about half an Hour before usjiad provided three t Turkeys e'er we got up tohim. the Swamp I now fpoke of, is not a miry Bog, as others nerallyare, but you go down to it thro1 a iteep Bank, at the tot -of -which, begins this Valley, where you may go dry, f perhaps 2©6 Yards, then you meet with a fmall Brook* E or. M ciwi-r ru /i^^^^iTt^^Twma^i^rTr^^^^wf^ •SidMMWC ( afr ) ftfaniay. or Run of Water, about 2 or 3 Foot deep, then dry Land for fuch another Space, fo another Brook, thus continuing.. The Land in this Percoarfon, or Valley, being extraordinary rich and the Runs of Water well ftor'd with Fowl It is the Head of one of the Branches of Savtee-Rivev , but a farther Difcovery Time would not permit s only one Thing is very remarka- ble, there growing all over this Swamp, a tall,>fty Bay* tree but i* not the fame as in England, thefe being in their Verdure- all the Winter long* which appears here, when you Hand on the Ridge, (where our Pathway as if it were one pleafant, green Field, and as even as a. Bowling-green ito , the- ir e of the Beholder •, being hemnVd in on one bide with thefe Ledges of vaft high Mountains. Viewin? the Land here, we- found an extraordinary rich, black Mould, andfome of a Copper-colour both Sorts very good ; the Land in fome Places ismuch burthen d with Iron, Stone, hew being great Store of it, feemmgiy very good: The aviline Springs, which are many in thefe Parts, lifting out of the Rocks, which. Water we drank of, it colouring the Ex- erementsof Travellers (by its chalybid [Quality) as black as a Coah When we were all afleep, m the Beginning of tin Night we were awaken'd with the difmalPft and rnoft hideou! Noifethat ever pierc'dmy Ears; This fudden Surpnzal raca nacitated us of guefling what this threat-rung Noife might pro ceedfrom* but our Mian Pilot (who knew thefe Parts ven well) acquainted us, that it was cuftomaty to hear fuch Mu fick along that Swamp-fide, thexe being endlefs Numbers 0 Panthers- Tygers, Wolves, and other Beaftsof Prey, whicl take this Swamp for their Abode in the Day , coming m whol Droves to hunt the Deer in the Night, making this frightii Ditty 'till Day appears, then all is ftill as in other Places. The next Day it prov'd a fmall drifty Rain* which is ran there happening not the tenth Part of Foggy-felling Weath< towards thefe Mountains, as vifits thofe Parts. Near tl Sea-board,the MknkilU 1$ Turkeys this Day ^ there con ing out of the Swamp, (about Sun-nfing) Flocks of the Fowl* containing feveral hundreds ma Gang, who feed u] ©nthe Acrons, it being rnoft Oak that grow in thefe Wooc Ihess are but very few Pines in thofe Quarters* Ear. (*7 ) < Early the next Morning, we let forward for the Ccmgeree-In- dzam, parting with that delicious Profpecl. By the Way,our Guide kill'd more Turkeys, and two Polcats, Which he eat, <:lteeining them before fat Turkeys. Some of the Turkeys which we eaL whilft we ftay'd there, I believe, weighed no lefs tha;, m rounds. The Land we pafs'dover this Day, was moft of it good, and the worft paiFable. At Night we kill'd a PofTum, being cloy'd with TurkeyS,made a Difh of that, which tafted much between young Pork and Veal ; their Fat being as white as any I ever faw. Out Indian having this Day kill'd good Store of Provifion with his Gun, he always (hot with a Jingle Ball , miffing but two Shoots in above forty; they being curious Artifts in managing a Gun, to make it carry either Ball, or Shot, true. When they have bought a Piece,and find it to fhoot any Ways crooked,they take the Barrel out of the Stock, cutting a Notch in a Tree, wherein they fet it itreight, fometimes mooting a- way above 100 Loads ot Ammunition, before they bring the Gun to fhoot according to their Mind. We took up our Quar- ters by a Fi#i- pond-fide ♦, the Pits in the Woods that (land full of Water, naturally breed Fifh in them, in great Quantities. We cook 'd our Supper.but having neither Bread,or Salt,our fat Turkeys began to be loathfome to us, altho' we were never wanting of a good Appetite, yet a Continuance of one Diet, made us weary. The next Morning, &*»ta? Jack told us, we mould *each the Wednefiiay Indian Settlement betimes that Day 5 about Noon, we pafs'd by feveral fair Savanna's, very rich and dry ^ feeing great Copfes of many Acresthat bore nothing but Bullies, about the Bignefs of Box-trees 5 which (in theSeafon) afford great Quantities offmall Black-berries, very pleafant 'Fruit, and much like to our Blues, or Huckle-berries, that grow on Heaths in England. Hard by the Savanna's we found the Town, wh ere we halted" 5 there was not above one Man left with iha Women, the reft being gone a Hunting for a Feaft. The Women were very bufily engag'd in Gaming : The Name or Grounds of it, I could not learn, tho' I look'd on above two Hours. Their Arithmetick was kept with a Heap of Indian E a Grain, sm^i OtM .df-SiJ^cT-yiS! ( 28 ) Grain. When their Play was ended, the King, or Cajfettas Wife, invited us into her Cabin. The Ivdian Kings always en- tertaining Travellers, either Englijb, or Indian •, taking it as a great Affront, if they pafs by their Cabins, and take up their. Quarters at any other hdian's Houfe. The Queen fet Victu- als before us, which good Compliment they ufe generally as foon as you come under their Roof. The Town confifls not of above a dozen Houfes, they having other ftragling Plantations up and down the Country, and are feated upon a fmall Branch of Santee- River. Their Place hath curious dry Marines, and Savanna's adjoining to it*, and would prove an exceeding thriving Range for Cattle, and Hogs, provided the Evglifi were feated thereon. Befides, the Land is good for Plantations.. Thefe Indians are a fmall People, having loft much of their former Numbers, by inteftiiae Broils •, but mof\ by the Small-pox, which hath often vifited them, fweepingaway whole Towns ; oecaiion'd by the immoderate Government of themfelves in their Sickneis ^ as I have mentioned before, treating of the Sewees. Neither do I know any Savages that have traded with the EngliJI), but what have been great Lofers by this Diflemper. We found here good Store of Chinkapin-Nuts-, which they gather in Winter great Quantities of, drying them ; fo keep thefe Nuts. in great Bafkets for their Ufe 5 likewife Hickerie- Nuts, which they beat betwixt two great Stones, thenfift them, fb thicken their Yenifon-Broath therewith; the final] Shells precipitating to the Bottom of the Pot, whilft the Ker- nel in Form of Flower, mixes it with the Liquor. Both thefe Nuts made into Meal, makes a curious Soop, either with deal Water, or in any Meat-Broth. From the Nation of Indians, until fuch Time as you corrw to the Titrkeiruros in North Carolina, you will fee no long Mofs upon the Trees •, which Space of Ground contains abovi £ve hundred Miles. This feeming Miracle in Nature, is 00 cafion'd by the Highnefs of the Land, it being dry and healthful ; for tho' this molt bears a Seed in a Sort of a final] Cod, yet it is generated in or near low fvvampy Grounds. Tht * i imi wwup T4cT^r,j ( *9 ) _ The Cottgerees are kind and affable to the EngliJI), the Queen being very kind, giving us what Rarities her Cabin afforded, is Loblolly made with Indian Corn, and dry 'd Peaches. Thefe Congcrees have abundance 'of Storks and Cranes in their Sa- vannas. They take them before they can fly, and breed 'em as tame and familiar as a Dung-hill Fowl. They had a tame Crane at one of thefe Cabins, that was fcarce lefs than fix Foot in Height, his H*ad being round, with a mining natu- ral Crimfon Hue, which they all have. Thefe are a very comely Sort of Indians, there being a ftrange Difference in the "Proportion and Beauty of thefe Heathens. Altho' their Tribes or Nations border one upon another, yet you may difcern as great an Alteration in their Features and Difpo/itions, as you can in their Speech,, which general^ proves quite different from each other, though their Nations be not above1 iq or 20 Miles in Diftance. The Women here being as hand- fome as molt I have met withal, being federal fme-finger'd Brounetto's amongft them. Thefe LafFes ftick not upon Hand fong, for they marry when very young, as at 1 2 or 14 Years Df Age. The Efiglijl) Traders are feldom without an Indian Female for his Bed-fellow, alledging thefe Reafons as fuffici- ent to allow of fuch a Familiarity. Firft, They being re- mote from any white People, that it preferves their Friendship vith the Heathens, they efteeming a white Mans Child much ibove one of their getting, the Indian Miflrefs ever fecuring ier white Friend Provifions whilft he ftays amongft them, taid laftly, This Correfpondence makes them learn the Jw* Man Tongue much the fooner, they being, of the French* nan's Opinion, how that an Ertglijh Wife teaches her HuP Jand more EngliJI) in one Night, than a Sehool-mafter can in 1 Week. We faw at the Cajfettas Cabin the ftrangeft Spe&acle of An* iquity I ever knew, it being an old Indian Squab, that, had f been to have guefs'd at her Age by her Afpect,old Purr's Head theTfelcb Meibufalem) was a Face in Swadling-Clouts to hers, 3er Skin hung in Reaves like a Bag of Tripe. Bya fair Com- - mtation,r one might have juftly thought it would have cou- sin'd three fuch CarcafTes as hers then was. She had one of ier Hands contracted by feme" Accident in the Fire, they £kepin§ ltj*^ ran^ir U^iWWII J^ffi ^dS-fcJHUJUBB/.' ( 30 ) .fleeping always by it, and often fall into fad Difafters, efpeci- ally in their drunken Moods. I made the Itri&eft Enquiry that was pofiible, and by what I could gather, (he was confiderably above 100 Years old, notwithstanding me fmoak'd Tobacco, and eat her Victuals, to all Appearance, as heartily as one of 18. One of our Company fpoke fome of their Language, and having not quite forgotten his former Intrigues with the Indir awLafles, would fain have beendealing withfomeof the young Female Fry 5 but they refus'd him, he having nothing^ that thefe Girls efteemU At Night we were laid in the King's Ca- bin, where the Queen and the old Squah pig'd in with us : The former was very much disfigur'd with Tettars, and very referv d, which disappointed our fellow Traveller in his In- trigues. The Women fmoak much Tobacco, (as matt Indians do.J They have Pipes, whofe Heads are cut out of Stone, and will hold an Ounce of Tobacco, and fome much lefs. They have large wooden Spoons, as bi g as final! Ladles, which they make little U£q of^ lading the Meat out of the Bowls with their Fin- gers. Whurfday. In the Morning we rofe before Day, having hir'd a Guid< over Night to conduct us on our Way-* but it was too fooi for him to ftir out, the Indians never fetting forward 'till thi Sun is an Hour or two high, and hath exhall'd the Dew from the Earth. The Queen got us a good Breakfaft be fore we left her j me had a young Child, which was mucl ami&ed with the Cholick t, for which Diftemper me in fus'd a Root in Water, which was held in a Goard* this ill -took into her Mouth, andfpurted it into the Infant's, whicl gave it ea^fe. After we had eaten, we fet out (withournev Guide) for the Water ee Indians. We went over a great deal 0 indifferent Land this Day. Here begins to appear very gooi Marble, which continues more and lefs for the Space of 501 Miles. We lay all Night by a Run of Water, as we alway do, (if poffible) for the Convenience of it. The Weathc was very cold. We went this Day about 30 Miles from til Gongerees- Friday. In the Morning we made no Stay toget our Breakfaft, bu halted on our Voyage, the Land increafmg in Marble an Richnei ■.A«y^r.y Richnefs of Soil. At Noon we halted, getting our Dinner upon a Marble-Stone, that rofe it felf half a Foot above the Surface of the Earth, and might contain the Compafs of a Quarter of an Acre of Land, being very even, there grow- ing upon it in fome Places a fmall red Berry, like a Salmon- Spawn, there boiling out of the main Rock curious Springs of as delicious Water, as ever I drank in any Parts I ever tra- vell'd in. Thefe Parts likewife affords good free Stone, fit for Build- ing, and of feveral Sorts. The Land here is pleafantly fear- ed, with pretty little Hills and Valleys, the rifing Sun at once Slewing his glorious reflecting Rays on a great many of thefe little Mountains* We went this Day about 20 Miles, oufi Guide walking like a Horfe^ till we had fadl'd him with a good heavy Pack of fome Part of our Cloaths and Bedding j, by which Means we kept Pace with him. This Night we lay by a Run-fide, where I. found a fine yellow Earth, the fame with Bruxels-Sand, which Goldfmiths afe to caft withal, giving a good Price in England, and other Parts. Here is likewife the true Blood-Stone, and coftfl- ierable Quantities of Fullers-Earth, which I took a Proof &f, by fcouring great Spots out of Woollen, and it prov'd ve- ry good. As we were on our Road this Morning, our Indian (hot at a Satwify* Fyger, that crofs'dthe Way, he being a great Diftancefrom as. I believe he did him no Harm, becaufe he fat on his Breech afterwards, and look'd upon us. I fbppofe he ex- pected to have had a Spaniel Bitch, that I had with me, for his Breafrfaft, who run towards him, but in the Midway ftopt her Career, and canae fheaking back to us with her Tail betwixt her Legs. We faw in the Path a great many Trees blown up by the Roots, at the Bottom whereof ftuck great Quantities of fine red Bole ^ I believe nothing inferior to that of Venice or Letti^ ma. We found fome Holes in the Earth, which were full of a Water as black as Ink. I thought that Tincture might proceed from fome Mineral, but had not Time to make a farther Difcovery, About Noon we pafs'd over a pleafant ftong' h Am Jfc^2] iJraJ!^aLS>-l>dHbJHU«J^fflBgWI ( * > ftony Brook, whofe Water was of a blniili Cafr, as it is fot ieveral hundreds of Miles towards the Heads of the Rivers, I fuppofe occafion'd hy the vaft Quantities of Marble ly- ing in the Bowels of the Earth. The Springs that feed thefe Rivulets, lick up foine Potions of the Stones in the Brooks -t which 'Diflblution gives this Tin&ure, as appears in all, or molt of the Rivers and Brooks of this Country, whofe ra- pid Streams are like thofe in York/tire, and other Northern Counties' of England. The Indians talk of many Sorts of Filh which they afford, but we had not lime to difcover their Species. I faw here had been fome Indian Plantations formerly, there being ieveral pleafant Fields of clear'd Ground, and excellent Soil, now well fpread with fine bladed Grafs, and Strawberry-Yines. The Mould here is excemVe rich, and a Country _very plea- ling to the Eye, had it the Convenience of a navigable Ri- ver, as all new Colonies (of Neceinty) require. It would make a delightful Settlement. We went eight Miles farther, and came to the WaUret Cbichmee Indians. The Land holds good, there being not a Spot of bad. Land to be feen in feveral Days going. The People of this Nation are likely tall Perfons, and great Pilferers, Healing from us any Thing they could lay their Hands on, though very refpecnul in giving us what Victuals we wanted, tye lay in. their Cabins all Night, be- ing dark fmoaky Holes, ..as ever I law any Indians dwell in. This Hation is much more' populous than the Conge- rees, and their Neighbours, yet underftand not one ano- thers Speech. They are very: poor in EngliJI) Effects, ftve- ral of them having no Guns, making .Ufe of .Bows and Ar- rows, being a lazy idle Pecpif-a Quality incident to m'ofl Indians, but none to that l)egree as thefe, as I ever met withal. ■ 1 ■, ' Their Country is wholly free from Swamps and Quag- mires, being high dry Land, .and coniequently healthful, producing large Corn-Stalksy and fair Grain. Next fc 2*\. ^*cJHU,J (33.) Next Morning, we took -off our Beards with a Ra*cr, the**^. ndtans looking on with a great deal of -Admiration. They Did us, they had never feen the like before, and that our juves cut far better than thofe that came amongft the /„- tans. They would fain have borrow'd our Razors, as they ad our Knives, Sailors, and Tobacco-Tongs, the day be- )re, b«nS as ingenious at picking of Pockets, as any, I be- eve, the.World affords^ for they will Iteal with their Feet, efterday, one of our Company, not walking fo fail as th'e- £, was left behind. He being out of Sight before we mifs'd im,and not coming up to us,tho> we ftaid a confiderable time i the Road for him, we ltuck up Sticks in the Ground, id left other Tokens to dired him which way we were gone* at he came not to us that Night, which gave us Occafton to ar fome of the Heathens had kill'd him, for his Cloaths or le favage Beafts had devour'd him in the Wildernefs he iving nothing about him to ftrike Fire withal As we ere debating which way we mould fend to know what was 'come of him, he overtook us, having a Wax f aw Indian, for :s Guide. He told us, .ho had rmiVd the Path , and got > another Nation of .Indians, bat 3 Miles off, who at that me held great Feaffing. They had entertain'd him very ipectiully, and fent that Indian to invite us amongft them >ndrmg that we would not take up our Quarters with em, but make our Abode with fuch a poor Sort of Indians at were not capable of entertaining us according to our eferts : We receiv d the Meffenger with a great many Ce- monies, acceptable to thofe fort of Creatures. Bidding our aterree King adieu, we fet forth towards the Waxfaws >ing along clear d Ground all the Way. Upon our Arrival' s were led into a very large and lightfome Cabin, the like I ve not met withal. They laid Furs and Deer-Skins upon me Benches for us to fit or lie upon;, bringing ^immediately} ;wed Peaches and green Corn, that is prefer v'd in their Ca- ns before it is ripe, and foddenand boil'd when they ufe it bich is a pretty fort of Food, and a great Increafer of the ood. Thefe Indians are of -an extraordinary Stature, andcall'd ' their Neighbours flat Heads, which feems a very fuitable ame for them. In their Infancy , their Nurfes lay the tck-part of their Children's Heads on a Bag.. of Sand, (fuch F as H mi rmirBrif^ili k.T -" --^- -— f- l.^— * J I.WjlL>, -^ -r -*. , *.\ •!*'-*• ( 34 ) I- n/l as Engravers ufe to reft their Plates upon.; Theyufea Rol , which is placed upon the Babe's Forehead, rt being laid with hs Back on a flat Board, and Twaddled hard down thereon from one End of this Engine, to the other This Method makes the Child's Body and Limbs as ftraight as an Arrow. There being fome young hdUm that are perhaps crookedly inclin'd, at their firft coming into the World, who are made Tierfeaiy ftraight by this Method. I never faw an Mum of a Xrf A6e,thft was any ways crooked, except by Acci- dent and that way feldom , for they cure and prevent De- form ties of the Limbs, and Body, very exaftly. The In- ' ftrumen I fpokeof before, being a fort of a Prefs, that is let out and in more or lefs, according to the D.fcretion of the Nft "which they make the Child's Head flat, it make: the Eyes ftand a prodigious Way afunder, and the Hair hang over the Forehead like the Eves of a Houfe, which feem; verv frightful : They being ask'd the Reafon why they pra- ai'd this Method, reply'd, the fe^'s S,ght was mud Strengthened and quicker, thereby, to difcern the Game. i hunting at larger Diftance, and fo never mifs'd of becomm; expe t Hunters, the Perfedion of which they all arm at a we do ro become experienced Soldiers, learnedJchool-Men or Artifts in Mechanicks : He that is a good Hunter neve miaced Girls, or other, whom he likes belt. When fhe is won, he Parents of both Parties, (with Advice of the King) a- ;ree about the Matter, making a Promife of their Daughter, o the Man, that requires her, it often happening that they onverfe and travel together, for feveral Moons before the damage is publiflrd openly \ After this, at the leaft Diflike he Man may turn her away, and take another \ or if fhe ifapproves of his Company, a Price is let upon her, and if he Man that fecks to get her, will pay the Fine to her iusband, fhe becomes free from Him: Likewife fome of their Var Captains, and great Men, very often will retain 3 or 4 Jirls at a time for their own Ufe, when at the fame time, ke i fo impotent and old, as to be incapable of making Jfe of one of them •, fo that he feldom mifles of wearing reater Horns than the Game he kills. The Husband is ever fo enrag'd as to put his Adulterefs to Death \ if fhe is aught in the Fa&, the Rival becomes Debtor to thecornuted lusband, in a certain Quantity of Trifles valuable amongft tiem,which he pays as foon as difcharg^and then all AnimoH- v is kid afide bewixt theHusband,and hisWife'sGallant. The Ian proves often fo good humour'd as to pleafe hisNeighbouc nd gratify his Wife'sInclinations,by letting her out for aNight r two, to the Embraces of fome other, w^jich perhaps fhe as a greater Liking to, tho'thisis not commonly pra&is'd. They fet apart the youngeft and prettieft Faces for trading jirls \ thefe are remarkable by their Hair, having a particu- sr Tonfure by which they are known, and diftinguifh'd from hofe engag'd to Husbands. They are mercenary, and who- ver makes Ufe of them, firft hires them, the greateft Share f the Gain going to the King's Purfe, who is the chief Bawd, xercifing his Perogative over all the Stews of his Nation,and W 2 hi® mi >■ ■' T.Tf>~ ■■T^IUfcTmd^V-rfiJWyrfrfW IMMlttMhJMIdMMyrt -V -2?x± his own. Cabin ■( very often) being the chiefeft Brothei-Houfe. As they grow in Years, the hot Aftaults of Love grow cooler; and then they commonly are fo ftaid, as to engage therrr- felves with more Conftancy to each other. I have ieQn feve- ral Couples amongft them, that have been fo referv'd, as to live together for. many Years, faithful to each other, admit- ting, none to their Beds but fuch as they own'd for theii Wife or ft us band : So continuing to their Life's end. At our Waxfaw Landlord's Cabin, was a Woman employ?d in no other Bufinefs than Cookery \ it being a Houfe oi great Refort. The Fire was furrounded with Roaft-meat, 01 Barbakuesi.and the Potsxontinually boiling full of Meat, from Morning till Night. This She-Cook was thecleanlieft I evei faw amongft the Heathens of America, warning her Hands before lhe undertook to-do any Cookery -7 and repeated this unufiial Decency very often in a day. She made us a< White-Bread as any Englijh could have done, and was full a; neat, and expeditious, in her Affairs. It .happened to be oik of their great Feaits, when we were there-: The firlt day that we came amongft them, arriv'd an AmbafTador from the King of Saponay to treat with thefe Indians about fome impor- tant Affairs. He was painted with Vermillion all over hi< Face, having a very large Cutlafs ftuck in his Girdle, and a Fufee in his Hand. At Night, the Revels began where this Foreign Indian was admitted \ the King, and War Captain, inviting us to fee their Mafquerade : This Feaft was held in Commemoration of the plentiful Harveft of Corn thej had reap'd the Summer before, with an united Supplication for the like plentiful Produce the Year enfuing. Thefe Re- vels are carried on in a Houfe made for that purpofe, it be- ing done round with- white Benches of fine Canes, joining along the Wall ', ari$: a place for the Door being left, which is fo low, that a Man .multiloop very much to enter therein. This Edifice refemblesa large Hay-Rick ; its Top being Pyra- midal, and much bigger than their other Dwellings,and at the Building whereof, every one affifts till it is finifh'd. All their Dwelling- Houfes are cover'd with Bark, but this differs very much} for, it is very artificially thatch'd with Sedge and Rufhes: As Toon as finilh'd, they place fome one of their chiefeft Men to dwell therein, charging him with the dili- gent Prefer vatioa thereof , as a Prince commits the Charge . ~ and (37) and Government of a Fort or Caftle, to fome Subject he thinks worthy of that Truft. In thefe State-Houfes is tranf. acled all Public k and Private Builnefs, relating to the Af- fairs of the Government, as the Audience of Foreign Ambaf- fadors from other Indian Rulers, Confutation of waging and making War, Propofals of their Trade with neighbouring Indians^ or the Englifl), who happen to come amongft them, [n this Theater, the molt Aged and Wifeffc meet, determi- ning what to Aft, and what may be moll convenient to Omit, Did Age being held in as great Veneration amongft thefe Heathens, as amongft any People you fhall meet withal in my Part of the World. Whenfoever an Aged Man is fpeaking, none ever inter- 'upts him, fthe contrary Pra&ice the Englifh^ and other £w- opeans, too much ufej the Company yielding a great deal ©'£ \ttention to his Tale, with a continued Silence, and an ex - & Demeanour, during the Oration. Indeed, the Indians are- People that never interrupt one another in their Difcourfe -% 0 Man fo much as offering to open his Mouth, till the Speak- r has utter'd his Intent : When an Engli(h-Man comes a- longft them, perhaps every one is acquainted with him,,, et, firft, the King bids him Welcome,, after him the War- laptain, fo on gradually from High to Low \ not one ofa-11 lefe fpeaking to the White Gueft, till his Superiour has ided his Salutation. Amongft Women, it feems impoffible >find a Scold \ if they are provok'd, or affronted, by their :usbands, or fome other, they refent the Indignity ofFer'd tern in filent Tears, or by refuflng their Meat. -Would fome rour European Daughters of Thunder fet thefe Indians for. Pattern, there might be more quiet Families found amongft. lem, occafion'd by that unruly Member, the Tongue. Jefiination proceeds from, the Devil, (fays a LeamedDo&oty Pallion the Indians feem wholly free from *7 they determi- ,ng no Bufinefs of Moment, without a great deal of Delibe- tion arid Warinefs. None of their Affairs appear to be at— ndedwith Impetuofity, or Hafte, being more content with, e common Accidents incident to humane Nature, (as Lof- 1 contrary Winds, bad Weather, and PovertyJ than thole more civilized Countries. Now, to return to our State-Houfe,whither. we were ihvi- d by the Grandees i As foon as we.came into it3 they plac5& GUiE Avt»/^ft' k:T*4&«-"T»/ALiJL*z£te3L $ (j8j our Englishmen near the King ; it being my Fortune to fit next him, having his great General, or War-Captain, on ray other Hand. The Houfe is as dark as a Dungeon, and as hot as one of the Dz/fc^-Stoves in Holland, They had made a circular Fire of fplit Canes in the middle of the Houfe. It was one Man's Employment to add more fplit Reeds to the one end as it confum'd at the other, there being a fmall Vacancy left to fupply it with Fewel. They brought in great {lore of Loblolly, and other Medleys, made of Indian Grain, ftewed Peaches, Bear-Venifon, &c, every one bringing fome Offering to enlarge the Banquet, according to his Degree and Quality. When all the Viands were brought in, the firft Fi- gure began with kicking out the Dogs, which are feemingly Wolves, made tame with ftarving and beating \ they being the worft Dog-Mafters in the World *, fo that it is an infalli- ble Cure for Sore-Eyes, ever to fee an Indian^ Dog fat. They are of a quite contrary Difpofition to Horfes; fome of there Kings having gotten, by great chance, a Jade, ftolen by fome neighbouring Indian, and tranfported farther into the Coun- try, and fold \ or bought fometimes of a Chrifiian, that trades amongft them. Thefe Creatures they continually cram, and feed with Maiz, and what the Horfe will eat, till he is as fat as a Hog \ never making any farther ufe of him than te fetch a Deer home, that is killed fomewhere near the Indian \ Plantation. After the Dogs had fled the Room, the Company was fum- mon'd by Beat of Drum *, the iMufick being made of a drefs'd Deer's Skin, tied hard upon an Earthen Porridge-Pot. Pre- sently in came fine Men drefs'd up with Feathers, their Fa- ces being covered with Vizards made of Gourds; round their Ancles and Knees, were hung Bells of feveral forts, ha- ving Wooden Falchions in their Hands, (fuch as Stage-Fen- cers commonly ufe*, ) in this Drefs they danced about an Hour, (hewing many ftrange Geftures, and brandifhing their Wooden Weapons, as if they were going to fight each other: oftentimes walking very nimbly round the Room, without making the leaft JSIoife with their Bells, (a thing I much ad- mired at •, ) again, turning their Bodies, Arms and Legs, into fuch frightful Poftures, that you would have guefs'd they had been quite raving mad : At laft, they cut two or three high Capers, and left the iloom. In theiritead, came in a par- cel 2fcr.U.w ( 39 ) :el of Women and Girls, to the Number of Thirty odd \ ;very one taking place according to her Degree of Stature, :he talleft leading the Dance, and the leaft of all being plac'd aft} with thefe they made a circular Dance, like a Ring, •eprefenting the Shape of the Fire they danced about : Ma- ly of thefe had great Horfe-Bells about their Legs, and fmall Hawk's Bells about their Necks. They had Muficians, who tfere two Old Men, one of whom beat a Drum, while theother •attled with a Gourd, that had Corn in it, to make a Noifi* vithal : To thefe Inftruments, they both fung a mournful yaty ; the Burthen of their Song was, in Remembrance of heir former Greatnefs, and Numbers of their Nation, the amous Exploits of their Renowned Anceftors, and all Acti- m of Moment that had (in former Days) been perform'd >y their Forefathers. At thefe Feftivals it is , that they ;ive a Traditional Relation of what hath pafs'd amongft hem, to the younger Fry. Thefe verbal Deliveries being lways publiJh'd in. their moll Poblick Affemblies, ferve in- tead of our Traditional Notes, by the ufe of Letters. Some hdiatrsj that 1 have met withal, have given me a very curious )efcription of the great Deluge, the Immortality of the !oul, with a pithy Account of the Reward of good and wic- ;ed Deeds in the Life to come ♦, having found, amongft fome f them, great Obfervers of Moral Rules, and the Law of Na- are^ indeed, a worthy Foundation to build Chriftianity pon, were a true Method found out, and practis'd, for the •erformance thereof. Their way of Dancing, is nothing but a fort of ftamping lotion, much like the treading upon Founders Bellows., rhis Female-Gang held their Dance for above fix Hours, be- ig all of them of a white Lather, like a Running Hprfe that las >uft come in from his Race. My Landlady was the Ring- eader of the jimaz.ons, who, when in her own Houfe, be- av'd herfelf very difcreetly, and warily, in her Domeftick Affairs \ yet, Cuftom had fo infatuated her, as to almoft break «r Heart with Dancing amongft fuch a confufed Rabble. )uringthis Dancing, the Spectators do not negleft their Bu- inefs, in working the Loblolly-Pots, and the other Meat hat was brought thither •, more or lefs of them being cont- inually Eating, whilft the others were Dancing. When the Dancing was ended, every Youth that was fo difpoffd, catch'd field. i> tm in »T-»*|mn Lii* Tree of Butter- (Flies. JML«5HUdK!l The "Dtfcovery and Conqueft of the very Ground, There is another fort of Crabs, not unlike Lobilers,but with lefs Claws ; they have flrong white Teeth, with which they break the Shels, to eat the Almonds 5 they breed among Rocks, are taken at Night with Light ; their Body, Claws, and all the Flelh, is like that of a Lobfter. Near the Tail they have a Bag, full of a certain Subftance de- licious to the Tall, for which they are -as much valu'd as Pullets. All over the Mohccos there grows a fort of reddifh Sticks, which burrs in the Fire, raife a Flame, and are like a burning Cole, without wafting; They look to be of a Stony Nature, moulder away betwixt the Fingers, and are eafily broken by the Teeth. Not far from the Fort of Ternate, is to be leen the Plant call'd Catopa, from which there drop Leaves lefs than the common fort; the Stem whereof, on a fudden, is form'd into the Head of a Worm, or Butter-Fly; the Body and Fibers coming from it, make Feet, and the Leafy Part, Wings; fo that it foon becoms a perfect Butter- Fly, and at the fame time a Leaf. This Tree buds out every Year, like a Cheilnut-Tree, and from the Buds proceed thefe Worms, which run upon Threads fattened to the Leaves. Nature was profufe with thofe People- especially as to the Cloves, which I diflinguifh from the Long-Peper Biny perhaps fpoke of, when he nam'd the Garyophillum. But fmce the Profit of that fo highly valu,d Product, was to occafion fuch bloody Wars, fuch in- credible Voiages, from all Parts of the World, that the real Dangers, are even beyond human Belief; it may well be controverted, whether it were moft for the publick Tranquility, that this Spice fhould be known, or ever conceai'd ; for its Plenty and Virtue, which awaken'd the Avarice of the remoteft Nations, has glutted thofe Seas with the Wracks of Ships, and Fleets, and call'd thither Armies of Rebels, making their paftage through Streights before unknown, in the Sight of Mountains cover'd with blew Ice and Snow, as never reach 'd by the Suns bright Beams; and yet they ven- ture at all, not out of any Zeal of promoting Religion, or Civility, but only to load with that Spice, which has occafion'd Difobedience and Su- perstition. This is the precious Commodity, which gives Power and Wealth to thofe Kings, and caufes their Wars. A Wonder of Nature, which plainly fhows it has created nothing fo harmlefs,but what is abus'd by human Malice. This is the true Fruit of Difcord, rather than the fabulous Apple of the three GodelTes, fince for it there has been, and itill is, more Fighting, than for the Mines of Gold, Had this happen'd in the Days of J good Remark. The- Con fe- derates mi&et, the Greek, ox Latin Poets, how much more would thay have fpoken of our Moluccas, than they did of the IHands >Gorgcme$ in the EtMopick Ocean? Let us Hop a little to relied on the Dangers Mortals expofe themfelves to, rather, perhaps, to pieafe their wanton Appetites, than to confirm their Health. The People of TernateJydore,Bachian, and all the Neighbouring Prince? being impatient to put m Execution their defperate Delign, chofe the Kin? of Tydore for their Head, to joyn with him of female, that had been ex- pell'd on account of the Death of Gonzalo Vereyra. Among the Relations ulually collected by the Chri^ian Curiofity of the Religious Men of the Society we find that thefe Kings met in the little Ifland, which divides Ternate from Tydore, before they went each of them to his proper Poit for .performing what was fopulated in the Confederacy, and there the Kin? of V^te£c-$^frr^^ *p the SPICE-ISLANDS, 4i Tydore, as Chief of the League, fpoke to them in this Manner. I cannot mention the Occafion of this our Union, without Jbedding Tearsy for the Joy of the Succefs, which we look upon asprefent, produces the fame Effefls it would do, were we already Vitlorious. Our Forces are affembled to deliver vs from the Spanifh Yoke, punifmng thofe Men with the Hazard of our Total Ruin, whom neither our Benefits could oblige, nor our Threats cor- rect. They are the great Robbers of the World, who ufurp it, byjhrowding their Avari.e under fpecious and godly Pretences. In vain have ire endea- vour(d to moderate their Pride by Means of our Modcjly and Submifi/on. If they meet with Wealthy Enemies, the Portugefes flow themfeives Cove- tous, if with Needy, they are Ambitious-^ this is the only Nation that equally feeks after others Wealth and Miferies. They rob, kill, and fubduei taking away our Dominions under falfe Titles, and think they have no fet- tled Peace, till they have reduced the Provinces into Defarts. We pojfefs the mojl fruitful IJlands in Afia, only to purchafe Servitude and bafe S?tb- jeBionwith their Produtt, converting this blejfed Bounty of Heaven into Tribute paid to the Ambition of hit r tiding Tyrants. Experience has Jhow'd •us, how odious our Valour has been to the Chriftian Commanders, whom, for the fame Reafon, we muft never hope to find more modefi, or lefs our Ene- mies. Ajfure your felves then, and remember, loth Kings and Subjeifs, hoth you whofeek Glory, and you who provide for your Safety, that nei- ther ofthefe is to be had without Liberty, nor this without War 1 nor is the War to be maintained without Courage and Unanimity. The Power of the Portuguefes is increafed, and on it their Reputation depends. Having then difcoverld the Myjlery, and Caufe of this Tyranny, who is there that will not prepare to try the utmoft of Fortune, to purchafe the greatejl of human Felicities, hvhich is Liberty. Other Nations, which when they hear of our Refolution, will call it Defp air and Savagenefs 5 if they weigh it with the Occafion, will rather Commend tban go about to find Excufes for tu. Befides, every Man knows what is fit for his Religion, his Honour and hu Country, better than thofe who judge of thefe Things at a Dijlance. In fiort, What is Life worth without Liberty ? Thofe incenfed Kings made fuitable Returns to thefe Words, and ha- ving taken proper Meafures to commence and carry on the War, went away in their VefTels, without lofing Time, or admitting of Delay 5 as well knowing the many Dangers agreat Undertaking is expos'd to, which •depends on Secrecy, and is imparted to many. On the Day appointed, all the Natives departed the City of Ternate, with their Families, not in good Order, as in Tranfmigrations, but raging, in Confufion, and loaded with their Children, and a few NeceiTaries, having before fent away their Effects to other Iflands. To convince the Portuguefes of their Defign, and that the People of Ternate abandon'd the Country, they fet Fire to the City in feveral Places 5 the Flames began to take hold and fpread, till they met, and of many fmall ones became one general Conflagration, with hideous Noife and Cries 5 for not only the Houfes were burnt, which had for fo many Ages belong'd to their Fore- father, and Ancestors, but all that attracts the Affedion to our Native Country, the Temples, all their worldly Treafure, and the Bounty of Na- ture 5 for the open Country began now to feel the Defolation, the Caves, G JLakesa King of Tydore V Speech. Ternata City aban- doned and burnt. ?^ay^JrMJ^tfLTOid^!bJHUJ^;g (40 Prayers for the new married Couple, whofe Wedding had made away with that, which mould havepurchas'd our Food. Weimf- Relying wholly on Providence, we march'd on, now and <*«> then paying our Refpe&s to the new-married Man. T he Land held rich and good ; in many Places there were great Quanti- ties of Marble. The Water was ftill of a wheyilh Colour. About 10 of the Clock, we waded thro' a River, ( about the Bbnefs of Derwent, in Torkjhire) which I take to be one of the Branches of IVinjaw River. Wefaw feveral Flocks of Pi- geons Field-Fares, and Thrufhes, much like thofe of Eu~ %e. 'The Indians of thefe Parts ufe Sweating very much. If any Pain feize their Limbs, or Body, immediately they fake Reeds, or fmall Wands, and bend them Umbrella-Fa fm- on covering them with Skins and Matchcoats: They have a laree Fire not far cff,wherein they heat Stones,or (where they are wanting) Bark, putting it into this Stove, which. cafts an extraordinary Heat : There is a Pot of Water in the Bagnio^ which is put a Bunch of an Herb, bearing a Silver Taflel, not much unlike the Aurea Virgo. With this Vegetable they rub the Head, Temples, and other Parts, which is reckon d a Preferver of the Sight and Strengthener of the Brain. We went this day, about 12 Miles, one of our Company being lame of his Knee. Wcpafs'd over an exceeding rich Trafl of Land, affording Plenty of great free Stones, and marbl< Rocks, and abounding in many pleafant and dehghtfome Rivulets. At Kaon, we ftay'd and refrefh'd ourfelves at t Cabin, where we met with one of their War-Captains, I Man of great Efteem among them. At his Departure rrorr the Cabin, the Man of the Houfe fcratch'd this War-Cap tain on the Shoulder, which is look'd upon as a very grea Compliment among them. The Captain went two or threi Miles on our way, with us, to direct us in our Path. On< of our Company gave him a Belt, which he took very kindly bidding us call at his Houfe, (which was in our Road) am ftay till the lame Traveller was well, and fpeaking to the/* Man, to order his Servant to make us welcome. Thus w parted, he being on his Journey to the Conferees, and Savon i&, a famous , warlike, friendly Kation of Indians, livni] to the Southed of Jjhly River. He had a Man-Slave wit him, who was loaded with European Goods, his Wife an Daughter being in Company. He told us, at his Departure that lames had fent Knots to all the Indians thereabouts, to r ever ^'.«J"U.J (_43_) every Town to fend in 10 Skins, meaning Captain Moor, thenGovernour of Swth-Carolna. The Towns being very thick hereabouts, at Night we took up our Quarters at one of the chief Mens Houfes, which was one of the Theaters I fpoke of before. There ran, hard-by this Town, a pleafant River, not very large, but, as the Indians told us, well ftor'd with Fi(h. We being now among the powerful Nation of Effitvs, our Landlord entertain'd us very courteoufly, fhew- ingus, that Night, a pair of Leather-Gloves, which he had made ', and comparing them with ours, they prov'd to be very ingenioufly done, confidering it was the firft Tryal. In the Morning, he defired to fee the lame Man's affected Tbttrfday. Part, to the end he might do fomething, which (he believ'd) would give him Eafe. After he had viewed it accordingly, he pull'd out an Inftrument, fomewhat like a Comb, which was made of a fplit Reed, with 15 Teeth of Rattle-Snakes fet at much the fame diftance, as in a large Horn-Comb ; With thefe he fcratclfd the place where the Lamenefs chief- ly lay, till the Blood came* bathing it, both before and after Incifion , with warm Water , fpurted out of his Mouth. This done , he ran into his Plantation, and got fome Sajfafr as Root, (which grows here in great plenty) dry'd it in the Embers, fcrap'd off the outward Rind, and having beat it betwixt two Stones, apply'd it to the Part affli&ed, binding it up well. Thus, in a day ohtwo, the Patient be- came found. This day, we pafs'd through a great many Towns, and Settlements, that belong to the Sugeree- Indians? no barren Land beingfound amongfl: them, but great plen- ty of Free-Stone, and good Timber. About three in the Afternoon, we reach'd the Kadapau King's Houfe 9 where we met with one John Stewart, a Scot, then an Inhabitant of Jamts-Rivev hi Virginia, who had traded there for many Years. Being alone, and hearing that the Sinnagers {Indians from Canada) were abroad in that Country, he durft not venture homewards, till he faw us, having heard that we were coming, above 20 days before. It is very odd, that News fhould fly fo fwiftly among thefe People. Mr. Stewart had left Virginia ever fince the QBoUr before, and had loft a day of the Week, of which we inform'd him. He had brought feven Horfes along with him, loaded with Englijh Goods for the Indians \ and having fold molt of his Cargo, G 2 told h w 1 r^-m~tn\ i wtt 1^ mmi-i %vnf 1 evtot Wfct«rffci eg- -%JBt .ilW, if 'ifflfflPW Jil- JH JWBLWbdHb JHU JsBi (44) told us, if we would flay two Nights, he would go along with us- Company being very acceptable, we accepted the Propofal. InUj. The next day, we were preparing for our Voyage, and baked fome Bread to take along with us. Our Landlord was King of the Kadapau Indians, and always kept two of three trading Girls in his Cabin. Offering one of thefe to fomeof our Company, who refus'd his Kindnefs, his Majefly flew into a violent Paffton, to be thus flighted, telling the Englishmen, they were good for nothing. Our old Game- fler, particularly, hung his Ears at the Propofal, fiavin* too lately been a Lofer by that fort of Merchandize. It was obfervable, that we did not fee one Partridge from theWa- terress to this place, tho' my Spaniel-Bitch, which I had with me in this Voyage, had put up a great many before. Saturday. On Saturday Morning, we all fet out for Sapona, killing, in thefe Creeks, feveral Ducks of a flrangeKind, having a red' Circle about their Eyes, like fome Pigeons that I have feen, a Top-knot reaching from the Crown of their Heads, al- moftto the middle of their Backs, and abundance of Fea- thers of pretty Shades and Colours. They prov'd- excellent Meat. Likewife, here is good flore of Woodcocks, not fo big as thofe in England, the Feathers of the Breaffc being of a Carnation-Colour, exceeding ours for Delicacy of Food. The Marble here is of different Colours, fome or other of the Rocks reprefenting molt Mixtures, but chiefly the white- having black and blue Veins in it, and fome that are red. This day, we met with feven heaps of Stones, being the Mo- numents of feven Indians-, that were fiain in that place by the- S'.nnagers, or Tnoquois. Our Indian Guide added a Stone ta each heap. We took up our Lodgings near a Brook-fide, where the Virginia Man's Horfes got away •, and went back to the Kadapau %. Sunday, This daY^ one of our Company, with a Sapona Indian, who attended Stewart, went back for the Horfes. In the mean ttiae, we went to fhoot Pigeons, which were fo numerous m thefe Parts, that you might fee many Millions in a Flock ^ they fometimes fplit off the Limbs of flout Oaks, and other Trees, upon which they rooft o' Nights. You may find fe- veral Indian Towns, of not above 17 Houfes, that have more than loo Gallons of Pigeons Oil* or Fat j they ufing it with Pulfe, ™ -5^T! *A&*\r,r ( 45 ) Pulfe, or Bread, as we do Butter, and making the Ground as white as a Sheet with their Dung. The Indians take a light, and go among them in the Night, and bring away fome thoufands, killing them with long Poles, as they rooit in the Trees. At this time of the Year, the Flocks, as they pafs by, in great meafure, obllrud the Light of the day. On Monday, we went about 25 Miles, travelling through Monfaf. a pleafant, dry Country, and took up our Lodgings by a -Hill- fide, that was one entire Rock, out of which gufiYd out plea- fant Fountains of well-tafted Water. The next day, ftill paffing along Rich Land as we had don&Tuefdap- •for many days before, which was, Hills and Vallies, about ro a Clock we reach'd the Top of one of thefe Mountains, which yielded us a fine Profpeft of a very level Country, holding fo, on all fides, farther than we could difcern. When we came to travel through it, we found it very ftiff and rich, being a fort of Marl. This Valley afforded as large Timber as any I ever met withal, efpecially of Chefnut- Oaks* which render it an excellent Country for raifing great Herds of Swine. Indeed, were it cultivated, we might have good hopes of as pleafant and fertile a Valley, as any our English in America can afford. At Night, we lay by a fwift Cur- rent, where we faw plenty ofTurkies, but pearch'd upon fuch lofty Oaks*, that oar- Guns would not kill them, tho' w& fhot very often, and our Guns were very good. Some of our Company mot feveral times, at one Turkey, before he would, fly away, the Pieces- being loaded with large Goofer fhot* Next Morning, we got our Breakfafts *, roafted Acorns be- WedmJ* ing one of the Difhes. The Indians beat them into Meal, and *&• thicken their Venifon-Broth with them^ and oftentimes make a palatable Soop. They are ufed inftead of Breads boiling them till the Oil fwims on the top of the Water*, which they preferve for ufe, eating the Acorns with Flefh- meat. We travell'd, this day, about 25 Miles, over plea- fant Savanna Ground, high, and dry, having very few.- Trees upon it, and thofe ftanding at a great diftance. The. Land was very good, and free from Grubs or Underwood,. A Man near Sapona may more eafily clear 10 Acres of Ground*, than in fome places he can one -y there being much loofe Stone upon the Land, lying very convenient for making of dry. Walls, or- any other fort of durable Fence* This Country, abound; fa ft H<3fr,^*, -, AWr+»a*>«B^frinf« IJ^»^^iJ^!bJHUJ^;gaAi (46 ) abounds likewife with curious bold Creeks, (navigable for final! Graft) difgorging themfelves into the main Rivers, that vent themfelves into the Ocean. Thefe Creeks are well ftor'd with fundry forts of Fiih, and Fowl, and are very con- venient for the Tranfportation of what Commodities this Place may produce. This -Night, we had a great deal of Rain, with Thunder andlightning. t&wfiUj. Next Morning, it proving delicate Weather, three of us feparated ourfelves from the Horfes, and the reft of the Company, and went direftly fox SaponaTown. That day, we pafs'd through a delicious Country, (none that I ever faw exceeds it.) We faw finebladed Grafs, fix Foot high, along the Banks of thefe pleafant Rivulets-: We pafs'd by the Sepulchres of feveralflain Indians. Coming,that day,about 30 Miles, we reach'd the fertile and pleafant Banks of Sapon* River,whereon ftands the Indian Town and Fort. Nor could all Europe afford a pleafanterStream,were it inhabited by Chri- ftianspnd cultivated by ingenious Hands. Thefe Indians live in a clear Field, about a Mile fquare, which they would have fold me • becaufe I talked fometimes of coming into thofe Parts to live. This moft pleafant River may be fomething broader than the Thames at Kingfton^ keeping a continual pleafant warbling Noife, with its reverberating on the bright Mar- ble Rocks. It is beautified with a numerous Train of Swans, and other forts of Water-Fowl, not common, though extra- ordinary pleafmg to the Eye. The forward Spring welcom'd us with her innumerable Train of fmall Chorifters, which inhabit thofe fair Banks ; the Hills redoubling, and adding Sweetnefs to their melodious Tunes by their fhrill Echoes. One fide of the River is hemm'd in with mountainy Ground, the other fide proving as rich a Soil to the Eye of a knowing Perfon with us, as any this Weftern World can afford. We took up our Quarters at the King's Cabin, who was a good Friend to the Englijh, and had loft one of his Eyes in their Vindication. Being upon his march towards the Appallatche Mountains, amongft a Nation of Indians in their Way, there happen'd a Difference, while they were meafuring of Gun- powder *, and the Powder, by accident, taking fire, blew out one of this King's Eyes, and did a great deal more mifchief, upon the fpot : Yet this Sapona King flood firmly to the Eng- !4ih Mans Intereft, with whom he was in Company, ftill fiding ■-"^'4J»,UJ (47) ; __ fiding with him againft the- Indians, They were intended for the South Sea, but were too much fatigued by the vaft Ridge of Mountains, tho' they hit the right PafTage* it being no lefs than five days Journey through a Ledge of Rocky Hills, andfandy Defarts. And which is yet worfe, there is no Water, nor fcarce a Bird to be feen, during your PaiTage over thefe barren Crags and Valleys. The Sapona River proves to be the Weft -Branch of Cape- Fair , or Clarendon River, whofe Inlet, with other Advantages, makes it appear as noble., a River to plant a Colony in, as any I have met withal. The Saponas had (about 10 days before we came thither) taken Five Prifoners of the Sinnagers or Jennitos, a Sort of " People that range feveral thoufands of Miles, making all Prey they lay their Hands on. Thefe are fear'd by all the favage Nations 1 ever was among^ the Weftward Indians dreading their Approach. They are all forted in, and keep continual? Spies and Out-Guards for their better Security. Thofe Cap- tives they did intend to burn, few Prifoners of War efcaping that Punimment. The Fire of Pitch-Pine being got ready, and a Feaft appointed* which is folemnly kept at the time of their ading this Tragedy^the Sufferer has his Body ftuek thick with Light- Wood-Splinters, which are lighted like fo many Candles, the tortur'd Perfon dancing round a great Fire, till; his Strength fails,and difables him from making themany far- ther Paftime. Molb commonly, thefe Wretches behave themfelves fin the Midft of their Tortures) with a great deal of Bravery and Refolution, efleeming it Satisfaction enough, to be affur'd) that the fame Fate will befal fome of their Tormentors, whenfoever they fall into the Hands of their Nation. More of this you will have in the other Sheets. The Toteros, a neighbouring Nation, came down from the Weftward Mountains, to the Saponas^ defiring them to give them thofe Prifoners into their Hands, to tire Intent they might fend them back into their own Nation, being bound in Gratitude to be ferviceabie to the Sinnagers, fince not lor*g ago, thofe Northern-/«^^ had taken fome of the Toteros Prifoners, and done them no Harm, but treated them civilly whilft among them, fending them, with Safety, back to their, own People, and affirming, that it would be the belt Me- thod to preferve Peace oa all Sides, At that, time, theft- 1 M^ai ft-s2kCT%,*,+. *, AWr*>^*a^^yai^|t^aK^f^g^f^/aiCT>/g%