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Ae) Mac ee ena ay SoS A PER Woe ae eK 2 eb te pe Pe LAL ay wget e. i Sa Se ee Ger rVvervy~ ah he a hee | 7" 5 ‘ a aw ' : veg bah kL NS "tee Ne ad hacen : A “teas TN thn ued g \ Pe oar be ini Ne eeuee sveevriiceeenrpasee gs St nanesteeee Sana Ve UU qgeessuye vows “4 TS CA) Ay \ wv’ SELLE TEE SSA vr eneutran “w VCE UE EN wety a mest ei Vue ‘fine tee ne ON eget . i a6, “weve ae ~~ ‘} ; Suvy TeMe ly gives a eS a ® Cy ew | "gv7r ow! aveved” NM Nuyer" ~ cavenn tee NT eg iV ov A Wee «yp res) | dhe reryTers sige ‘with, : NNN even ws Weivaven-: when See q v * Yep awyewse ayriiy iauies & WUUyy ahh Ty we ee Bed Yeu, tf beg “We pr Pe - very Vow” CY 2 ot Aer a ws , me were oa! eT A ae eT da dabbled alhata aps ; W y vem iL. Py? hie gover? Sus: tq wu eee ddtaee Tee ath y se eT Vee ere weere A Badd bh Betieeh Gol - yi het NTH REPORT OF “ALBANY, N. v. tter Novem! t 27» ves at the Post Office at Atbaay, N. Y. : the act of es 24, os Marcu-Arrit 1919 University of the State of New York __ New York State Museum Joun M. Crarke, Director THE DIRECTOR | oe STATE MUSEUM aD SCIENCE” PAGE = ort = ae Gettusien Survey 22 ort of the State Botanist.. 32 lingbush Calcite Cave. Noan EU eM EA RTC ES 2c o-ciCag lan v RPuc Soe neg: Insectsand the State..E. P. Feit ep 87 ~ Notes on Fungi, VI. Homer D. Report of the Aen and ms TOUGH EA ee is sey ee ia hnologist . Rn a eating che ree 99 Plants of the Susquehanna Val- taff of the. es Saeco ley and Adjacent Hills of Tioga cient Pe County. Frank E Fsnno Notes on the Habits and De- velopment of the Four-toed ae Salamander. SHERMAN C. BISHOPS. SOR Se tent ook nee ie » Ue Aiperie 129 The Mound- Builder Culture in New York. ARTHUR C. PARKER 2 vonian Glass Sponges. hacemos 2 Sig a aoe Rial Ea ; ee M. oS Nee one Sarees 143 a ‘ ALBANY “THE UNIVERSITY 1920 >... DEPARTMENT gn Sit Lf ee ee EO! Ay ST ; 1918 D THE IC UDIN G THE SEVENTY-SECOND REPORT OF THE ep MUSEUM, PAGE The roses Fauna of the Bonaventure Conglomerate. GOHN. MEACUAR KN Ss tare ; The Foraminifera of the Bona- venture Cherts of Gaspé. Rurus MaTHER BAGG...... A Recurrent Pittsford (Salina) Fauna. RupoLtr RumDEMANN The Reconstruction of the Ster- OF THE STATE OP NEW YORK ee ae ey of tha the peta? one ik eat With years when terms expire i Sea 1926 Puy T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Chancellor f 1927 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. : Ph. D. LL. ae 1922 pacts S. Lorp M.A.LL.D. - - - = =; 1930 Wituiam Nottincuam M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - “§ “i024 ApELBERT Moot LL.D. -\-. = --\- ~“e7— Buffalo 1925 CHARLES B. ALEXANDER M.A. LL.B. LL. D. | Ditt.D: ee a ee Nay oe 1928 WALTER aoe Kewtoce B.A. LL. D. = ee 1932 JAMES ByrNE B.A. LL.B.LL.D. - - - - - 1929 HerBert L. BripcMan M.A. - - - - - - 1931 THomas J. Mancan M.A. .- - - - - = - to2t WILLIAM J. WaLLtINM.A. - - - - - - = 1923 WiLttAM Bonpy M.A. LL.B. Ph.D. - - - - President of the University and Commissioner of Education Joun H. Fintey M:A. LL.D. L.H.D. A Deputy Commissioner and Counsel Frank B. GILBert B.A. LL.D. Assistant Commissioner and Director of Professional Education Aucustus $. DowNING M.A. Pd.D. L.H.D. LL. Die Assistant Commissioner for Secondary Education CHARLES F. WHEELOCK B.S. LL.D. Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Education GrorcE M. Witey M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Director of State Library ae James I. Wver, Jr, M.L.S. Pd.D. Director of Science and State Museum Joun M. Crarke D.Sc. LL.D. Chiefs and Directors of Divisions . Administration, Hiram C. Case Archives and History, James SuLLIVAN M.A. Ph.D. Attendance, James D. SULLIVAN Examinations and Inspections, AVERY W. SKINNER B.A, Law, Frank B. Giupert B.A. LL.D., Counsel Library Extension, WILLIAM R. Watson B.S. Library School, Epna M. SANDERSON School Buildings and Grounds, Frank H. Woon M.A. School Libraries, SHERMAN WILLIAMS Pd.D. Visual Instruction, ALFRED W. ABRams Ph.B. Vocational and Extension Education, Lewis A. WILSON OV as . “eee TE a F Wie he ‘ , od e . \ : . “ . . ; ew ’ a i 3 7 oer eseean Insti, ( JAN 8 1901 1) “Stienal mene? The University of the State of New York State Museum, July 15, r9T9 Dr John H. Finley President of the University Str: I have the honor to communicate to you herewith and to recommend for publication, as a Bulletin of the State Museum, the Director’s Annual Report for the year 1918. Very respectfully yours Joun M. CLARKE Director THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Approved for publication this 18th day of December 1919 es a —__seeeS.2..0. President of the University sh calcite cave b ing —_ al ie) ~~ op) cP) = ve) oy ction oO Reconstru New York State Museum Bulletin Entered as second-class matter November 27, 1915, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 24, 1912 Published monthly by The University of the State of New York No. 219,220 ALBANY, N. Y. March-April, 1919 The University of the State of New York New York State Museum Joun M. Crarkez, Director FIFTEENTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE STATE MUSEUM AND SCIENCE DEPARTMENT INCLUDING THE SEVENTY-SECOND REPORT OF THE STATE MUSEUM, THE THIRTY- EIGHTH REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST AND THE REPORT OF THE STATE PALEONTOLOGIST FOR 1918 ~ Regents Committee on the State Museum: Charles B. Alexander M.A. LL.D. Litt.D., Tuxedo Herbert L. Bridgman M.A., Brooklyn Walter Guest Kellogg B.A., Ogdensburg INTRODUCTION This report covers all divisions of the scientific operations and museum work under the supervision of The University of the State of New York and has reference to the progress made therein during the fiscal year 1917-18. It constitutes the seventy-second consecu- tive annual report of the State Museum, the thirty-eighth annual report of the State Geologist (consecutive since 1881) and the report of the State Paleontologist for 1918. Itisintroductory to all memoirs and bulletins issued by this Department during the year named. The subjects presented in this report are considered under the following captions: I Legal Status and Scope of the State itera II Present Condition of the Museum III The Scientific Reservations under Control of the Museum IV Department Publications V Report on the Geological Survey VI Report of the State Botanist VII Report of the State Entomologist VIII Report of the Division of Zoology TX Report of the Division of Archeology and Ethnology X Staff of the Department XI Scientific Papers XII Appendixes (to be continued in subsequent volumes) \ ~ ° . + \ ) ; : , < A , 1 ) 2 RAT ote i LEGAL STATUS AND SCOPE OF THE STATE MUSEUM The broad scope of the State Museum was clearly and succinctly defined in the Education Law (as amended in roro) under article 3, which relates to the objects and functions of the University. Section 54 of that law reads as follows: ‘‘All scientific specimens and collections, works of art, objects of historic interest and similar property appropriate to a general museum, if owned by the State and not placed in other custody by a specific law, shall constitute the State Museum. ... The State Museum shall include the work of the State Geologist and Paleontologist, the State Botanist and the State Entomologist, who, with their assistants, shall be included in the scientific staff of the State Museum.” This definition of scope is clear. It is the specific expression of the intent of the people of the State to constitute and maintain not alone a state museum of science, but a state museum of art, a state museum of history and a state museum which may depict any other field of civic and educational concern which in the judg- ment of the Regents of the University, would be justified by public interest. The spirit of the law where its sentences bear upon the creation of a museum of art and a museum of history is so obvious as to be constructively a command. The wish of the people and the desire of the Board in regard to this expansion of the actual museum nearer to the ideal of the museum expressed in the law ‘have become a matter of record. It is then to be understood that the existing science museum of the State represents the development of only one phase of what should be, and what within the implied intention of the law is to be, the State Museum. ne) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM II PRESENT CONDITION OF THE MUSEUM Improved lighting. The original construction of the overhead lighting system of the Museum has proved so inadequate to the demands that it has been necessary to instal a more effective arrange- ment of electric illumination in certain of the halls. The east and west ends of the main halls, allotted to paleontology and mineralogy respectively, and which are separated into panels where the lighting has been thus insufficient, have been greatly helped by this substitu- tion and it is now planned to extend this supplementary lighting to the panels which cover the entrance hall and the foyer. Attendance. The Museum is still visited by thousands. For three years Sunday afternoon opening has been maintained, but the question has been raised as to the wisdom of continuing this pro- cedure. The Sunday visitors, unlike those of the week days, are mostly from the city of Albany, people who have had abundant and repeated opportunity to examine the collections, and since the novelty of the place, to these citizens, has grown less, the crowd drawn together on these occasions are less disposed to make their visits for study and instruction than for indiscriminate meeting and parade. Herein lies a danger against which the Museum must be safeguarded. Discoloration of the facade of the Education Building. Ever since its erection the marble colonnade of the Education Building has shown increasing discoloration from the southeast corner west-~ ward along the Washington avenue front. This discoloration is too obviously irregular in its distribution to be a pleasing mellowing of the marble. It is deepest at the corner referred to, and in the front grooves of the columns, and decreases in intensity away from this point along the colonnade. The result is that the building has yellowed at one end and on the front surfaces of the columns, producing these unpleasing contrasts which are obviously becoming more intense. The causes of this discoloration would be reasonably clear to any scientific man who understood the meteorological and industrial conditions of Albany, but to have the matter investigated rationally in the hope of finding the cause and possible cure, the mineralogist of the Museum, Mr Gardner, has carried out a series of intimate analyses, chemical and microscopic, the results of which may here be briefly summarized thus: 1 Immense clouds of coal smoke are constantly generated on the river front near and opposite the foot of State street. It is stated REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 II that in the round house at Rensselaer alone forty locomotives are fired every day. 2 These smoke clouds contain soot (free carbon) and the oxides of sulphur and iron, both of which are derived from ron DYES, a common impurity in all soft coal. 3 Prevailing south and east winds at all times of the year sweep these fumes and soot up the State street canyon, against the Capitol whence they are deflected against the east corner of the Education Building and from here up the street. 4 The first visible effect of this attack is the deposit of soot which has darkened the surface. 5 Further discoloration is caused by the deposit of iron oxide in the coal gas. 6 The sulphuric acid in the gas attacks the carbonate of lime, of which the marble is composed, and alters it to a sulphate of lime or gypsum. This change, on well-exposed surfaces, appears now to have extended inward to the depth of one-sixteenth of an inch. It is thought that the condition may be remedied by the removal of the discolored parts by sand, holystone, or wire brush, and that the surface thereafter be protected by the application of a liquid preservative, though at present we are not in position to recommend any such preparation now on the market. The front of the Capitol is blackened and soot-smeared by the same causes, but being of granite it is very much less, perhaps imperceptibly, affected by the acids'in the air. The dripping water has helped to spread this soot and so increased the evil appearance of the building. The report on this examination is given elsewhere in its entirety. It is a precise technical analysis of the conditions and the determina- tion of the agencies at work will be, it is thought, of service in the new construction now proposed for the Capitol section. Increases and changes in the Museum collections. A collection of Indian relics from the old Seneca village of Totiacton and from other habitation and burial sites of western New York, brought together by Mr Alvin H. Dewey of Rochester, has been acquired for the archeology division by the generous assistance of Mrs Frederick F. Thompson, and some detailed account of it is given in the report of the Archeologist. The Dewey collection is among the last and largest of the assemblages of Iroquois relics from western New York and it has added many fine and some unique articles to the Museum, which has now become the depositary of the most extensive series of I2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM remains of the Iroquois culture. It is increasingly difficult to obtain true ethnological material of early Indian days, the simple furnishings of the everyday domestic life of the Iroquois. Little now of the kind is left among the older families, much has fallen into decay and the rest pretty largely gathered up. A small collection of such ethno- logical material has, however, been obtained from Mrs Laura Doctor of the Tonawanda reservation, for which the Museum is again indebted to the interest of Mrs Thompson. During most of the year Mr Bishop and Mr Paladin of the zoology division were ‘absent, the former on navy service, the latter in the army. In consequence little progress could be made in increasing or improving these collections. A very effective installation has been made of a group of eight timber-wolves in early winter surround- ings, and also of nesting and fledgling flickers in a tree section ten feet high. Plans have been drawn for a case of American beaver which will give a fair and full exposition of the activities of a beaver family, not only in dam-building but in house construction. These plans call for a large group requiring much detail in its preparation. The exhibited part of the Arnold bird-egg collection has been increased by the extension of the wall cases in the rotunda corridors so that they have now reached the possible limit, and as now displayed present an impressive appearance. A very large number of dupli- cates remain in storage. The surroundings of the cases have been improved by the installation of seventy original india ink paintings by Ernest Seton Thompson, forming seven panels. Restoration of the Sterlingbush calcite grotto. In the year 1906 the members of the geological staff engaged in field work in northern New York discovered a cave in the limestones near Sterlingbush, . Lewis county, which was unique and beautiful. Observing a small opening on the face of the quarry and some 20 feet above the quarry floor, examination by ladders and staging revealed a crystal-lined cavern opening out to a few feet in width, running about 4o feet inward and then pinching out. The crystals lined the cavern completely, attached at the sides but on the bottom lying free, and their size was most impressive. Some were immense, probably among the largest ever found, while the greater part of the exposed surface of the cave bore superb crystals, deeply colored of an amethystine violet, and the interstices were filled with clusters of smaller but perfect crystallizations. It was a great pity that this brilliant. grotto preserving crystals in such extraordinary aggregation could not have been preserved ‘SSUIPUNOIINS [eINjVU Ul SWIIOF OFl]T 94} JO UorjoNAsuosoy “dnois uvrmoAsd JaMOT JO “SAIqGI1apjoOH IL, REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 13 for the benefit of the people of the State, but its inaccessibility, its deep penetration into the solid mass of rock and the purpose of the quarry owners to cut it away, made it necessary to do what was possible to save the crystals. Not less than ten tons of these were removed and it is some part of these that have been used in the effort to produce, in the halls of the Museum, a replica of the cavern on diminished scale. The intricate and difficult work of restoration and construction in the mineralogy hall, has been accomplished with a very striking effect and the observer is able to get from it a satis- factory impression of the appearance of the cave with its crystal- lization and glowing colors. The clever disposition of the electric lighting brings out the deep rose shades shown by transmitted light and the amethyst color seen under reflected rays. The plan has been worked out and executed by Noah T. Clarke and Charles P. Heidenrich. ; Restorations of invertebrate fossils. The desirability of increasing the number of such restorations of the invertebrate animals of our ancient faunas as will serve to give adequate conceptions of their living form, has made itself so evident that plans have been put into effect for the execution of additional exhibits. Last year an underwater group showing the fauna of the Portage group (Upper Devonian) of western New York was installed and has excited general interest and much expert approval. There has recently been added to the series of reconstructions a group portraying the living form of the marine animals belonging to the seas of the Lower Devonian of eastern New York as exemplified in the region of the Helderberg mountains. A photograph of this group is here inserted with additional illustrations of individual restorations in order to show the detail in which the work has been elaborated. Fortunate provision by a friend of the Museum will probably permit the increase of this series of illustrations of the life of our long past. New York fishes. The collections have been removed to the walls of the zoology hall, in order to save space, and the present arrangement appears to be very effective. The collection of the food and game fishes is not so extensive as it should be, and there has been good reason to hope for an increase in it through private means. This may be realized; it is much needed as public interest in the fishes is very keen. Additions from field operations. While materials in all branches of natural history are constantly coming to the Museum, important special additions have been in several directions: 14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1 An extensive series of fossil Eurypterida from a new horizon in the Salina or Vernon shales at Pittsford, affording fine specimens ~ of species already described and of some heretofore unknown. 2 A special series of natural abrasive materials brought together in the field work of Mr Colony, whose report on this subject has now been printed. 3 An extensive collection of the fossils of the Stafford limestone (Middle Devonian) from LeRoy and Stafford. The proposed statue of Prof. Joseph Henry. The matter of the creation of a statue of this eminent American, whose earliest experi- ments on electrical transmission were made in the Albany Academy, became in a proper sense one of the concerns of the State Museum as a result of a duly organized committee for this purpose, of which the President of the University was a member and the Director of the Museum secretary and treasurer. At a public meeting of the National Academy of Sciences held in New York in the autumn of 1915, Prof. Michael I. Pupin, the distinguished electro-mechanician, spoke in such pleasing eulogy of Joseph Henry and his pioneer work in the field of electrics that, at the suggestion of the writer, who was present at the address, he was invited by the President of the University to come to Albany and, the occasion of his visit being fixed, Professor Pupin was tendered a dinner by Regent Charles B. Alexander, chairman: of the Museum committee. The dinner was held at the Ten: Eyck Hotel May 24, 1916, with the following guests: Charles B. Alexander, Regent of the University Martin H. Glynn, Former Governor of New York Pliny T. Sexton, Chancellor of the University Dr Albert Vander Veer, Vice Chancellor of the University John H. Finley, President of the University John J. Carty, President, National Institute Electrical Engineers Chester S. Lord, Regent of the University Francis M. Carpenter, Regent of the University Abram I. Elkus, Regent of the University Adelbert Moot, Regent of the University Walter G. Kellogg, Regent of the University William Berri, Regent of the University James Byrne, Regent of the University Henry P. Warren, Headmaster, Albany Academy J. Townsend Lansing, President, Albany Institute John M. Clarke, Director, State Museum At the close of the dinner, the writer acting as toastmaster, brief addresses were made by Governor Glynn, Doctor Finley, and Doctor TRAE RRL Scytalocrinus. The Helderberg sea-lily as in life. “(SNJOUOTRWIOFT) sIGO[IIT, @ Suryoeye (se1a00145)) SnyneN ‘dnois siaqiapjafzy ey} wor1y [rejoq - REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 15 Carty, Mr Glynn having special interest in the event because of his part in securing the Flanagan model, and Doctor Carty because of his practical appreciation of Henry’s great service. The propo- sition was formally made to erect in Albany a statue and to this suggestion Mr Pupin spoke at some length and with much enthusi- asm. At the close of the dinner a considerable number of the party, including Mr Pupin, went to the State Museum to see the Flanagan model of Henry. A pledge was there given, by Mr Pupin, to those present, of a contribution of one-half the sum necessary to erect the statue, if that half did not exceed $15,000. There was no reporter present at either gathering, but the Albany T7mes- Union, of which Mr Glynn is editor and proprietor, said the next day (May 25th): “‘Professor Pupin, after seeing the statue and the instruments of the great inventor, exclaimed, ‘There ought to be a monument erected to this great man. I feel so strongly about this matter that I tell you gentlemen now that I will pledge to raise $15,000 or one-half of the amount necessary, if you gentlemen will raise the rest.’”’ The Albany Evening Journal of the same date stated: ‘‘Mr Pupin said: “If you people here will chip in and do your share, I will bring you $15,000 to help build this statue.’ ” Mr Pupin’s promise was received with enthusiasm by those gathered about the model and subscriptions were immediately made to the amount of $1000. A local committee was already in process of organization; the organization was at once completed, and the writer as its secretary-treasurer proceeded to raise the amount required to meet one-half the cost of the proposed statue. In the judgment of the committee, $25,000 was regarded adequate for this purpose and in due course the sum of $12,500 was subscribed and paid in (actually $12,700 now at interest in the Albany savings banks). We went into the war. Mr Pupin, a Serbian by birth and at that time Serbian consul to the United States, was faced with imperious calls for help from that tortured country. Mr Pupin also became busily engaged in war service boards where his technical knowledge was required. These constituted valid reasons for deferring his part in the Henry statue agreement. In the spring of 1918, at the meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, he gave his word to the treasurer to pay his share “‘after the war.”’ 16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Ill THE SCIENTIFIC RESERVATIONS UNDER CONTROL OF THE MUSEUM (WITH NOTES ON OTHERS) The number of these reserves which have been set apart by the interest of private citizens and placed in control of the Museum, has been increased by the addition of Squaw island, Canandaigua lake, which has a special geological interest from the fact that the pebbles which compose it are algal balls or deposits of lime-carbonate produced by precipitation through the action of algal growth in the lime-bearing waters. The formation is highly instructive and the process by which these algal deposits or ‘“‘water-biscuits’’ were formed was set forth some years ago by the writer in Museum Bul- letin 39. Since then the island and its formation have become of increased interest, not alone from the fact that it is the only place known in the State where this process of algal action and lime- deposit is going on in this form, but also because these ‘‘ water- biscuits’ throw intimate light on the interpretation of the ancient algal reefs, such as the Cryptozoon reef near Saratoga and the great reefs in the Precambrian of the Rocky mountains. Squaw island is thus a geological monument worthy of protection and special note. Of late years the waters of the lake have been under- mining the north end, but this encroachment it is now hoped may be stopped with the construction of a sea wall or a setting of willows. Through the interest of a benefactor of the Museum a large glacial boulder has been moved to the island from the grounds of Brigham Hall, three-fourths of a mile away, and to this has been attached a bronze explanatory tablet, these together constituting a conspicuous and appropriate interpretation to visitors, of the significance and educative interest of the place. The State Museum acknowledges its obligation in this matter to Mrs Frederick F. Thompson for the erection of the monument and tablet and for the protection of the shores of the island, and to Dr Robert C. Cook of Canandaigua for the gift of the boulder. Stark’s Knob volcano. This monument, situated 2 miles north of Schuylerville, has been provided with a proper series of guide and explanation tablets, and the.electric railroad ‘passing that point has established a station with landing and sign to be known as “Stark’s Knob.” Cryptozoon ledge, near Saratoga; Clark reservation, near James- ville. These two reservations have been carefully inspected. The "KN (09 eprud opuoUoss ‘otMOTOp j1OdyIoT “uAoYs [Ja oie e1odojzewW013g Jo syJMOIZ s9}e— oY, “IYSII oy} ye pue seq je uMOYS 2q ‘TEOHAGA pue [eyozI0Y Yjoq SUIpNHour yuswasuesse Jayered Surmoys safqqed jo sdno1i3 a0N ‘a}eIOWO]SU0D ssIMOSPA f ! "K ‘N ‘09 eprouc ‘ROpuOUOIG Je d}IWOTOP J1OdySoT wor “evslodojyewmo4sjSG JO YMOIS MoU dy} YIM Po19AOd oie sayqqed sy, ‘wWo}}0q vas Bur -dojs uo padumys pue usxo1q useq eAvY YTYM we1o0dojeUI013G FO sayqqad sMoys MatA JO jr¥d JOMOT ‘a\eIAWIO[sU0D osIMOSpy ‘aye, Surpsoeid ul uMoYs uouTId9ds JO MatA a}IsoddQ ‘9}eJaWO]sU0D ssIMASPH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 17 former is well monumented and is kept in order with comparatively little supervision. The latter, covering an area of 110 acres, some part of which is rough wild land, is under the inspection and patrol of a deputy sheriff, specially appointed, as the place is much visited because of its attractive geology, botany and scenery and as a result suffers considerable wear and tear which the present custody is unable to control. Reasonable expenditure is here required for fences, walks and stairways. The “‘Devil’s Pulpit.””, This isan extraordinary glacier-transported block situated about 2 miles east of Batavia on the property of Mrs Clark, along the highway to Le Roy. It has long been known and a picture of it was given in Hall’s “‘Geology of the Fourth District”? 1843. The old woodcut is here reproduced and, in com- Z — ZZ — FY ae See THE “ DEVIL’s PULPIT’’ IN 1842 (From Hall’s ‘‘ Geology of His Fourth District,” 1843) © parison with the photograph of the block as it now stands, shows that the lapse of nearly 80 years has made little difference in the appearance and form of the object. It isan interesting phenomenon. Its base 30 feet across is a mass of the unlaminated magnesian limestone known locally as ‘‘bull-head’”’ and belonging to the strata immediately above the Lockport dolomite. Above this broad base is a narrowed mass of laminated hydraulic limestone which is capped by an expanded block of more compact material, the whole con- stituting a section of the Bertie waterlime, taking on a roughly hour-glass shape, having a height of about 20 feet. This Silurian 18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM block rests on the Onondaga limestone (Devonian) plateau and has been transported by the glacier only a short distance, as the outcrop of these strata lies about 5 miles to the north. James Hall, in the report referred to, says: ‘There were formerly several of these on the road from Caledonia to Batavia but this is the only one now remaining.’ As the survivor of a number of these great transported blocks of especial interest because of the evidence they afford of the degree to which the outcropping edges of these Silurian strata were ripped up by the moving ice, the “Devil’s Pulpit’’ bespeaks a watchful guardianship. The owners of the property on which it rests appreciate the interest attaching to it and during the past year, through the interest of Kirke B. Mathes of Batavia, the Holland Purchase Historical Society of that city has undertaken further responsibility for its protection, which is sufficient guaranty of its perpetuity. It is hoped that an explanatory tablet may be placed near the object. Bird reservations. There has been evident a greatly increasing interest in the study and protection of birds throughout the State in the past few years, and this activity has been obviously fostered by the Museum publications on these themes. During the last year reports have been received of the organization of several new local clubs for bird study and of the establishment of bird sanctuaries on private grounds. Chimney Island, St Lawrence river. Among others, the Ogdensburg Bird Club has been presented, by the generosity of John C. Howard, Esq. and Miss Mary Sherman of that city, with an islet in the St Lawrence river, called Oraconenton by the Indians, by the French, Isle Royale, and Chimney island in the present vernacular. It is now without human inhabitants but in the French wars played an effective part in the his- tory of the St Lawrence valley. The Rev. D. Charles White of Ogdensburg has been kind enough to indicate the historical associations of the island which add much to its present interest. The French, under Levis, built a fort on the island and called it Fort Levis. This was in 1758 just before the fall of Quebec. Sir Jeffrey Amherst, who was wanted immediately after that event for the task of subduing Montreal, was taking ‘his way thither in a leisurely and very indirect fashion from the south. By 1760 he was on detour to his destination and came by way of Isle Royale with a large force. The fort on the island, according to the account given by Knox, historian of the campaign, covered the entire surface of the island to its shores and was regarded as a strong redoubt, but 6161 ‘soyuIe “Gq “MN JO Asojinoy ‘ouo0jsowity WpneIpAYy FO Yoo]q pejsodsuel VY ‘eravjeg ivsu , yidjndg sjiAeqd,, 94L REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 19 it succumbed to Amherst’s attack and Pouchot, its commandant, surrendered his force of 300 men. Lord Amherst then renamed the place Fort William Augustus. The island still holds traces of the French redoubt, and its historic association, together with its present purpose, serves to establish its interest to the community. Little Duck Island, Maine. A few years ago Mr Benjamin Walworth Arnold of Albany, honorary curator of ornithology in this Museum, acquired possession of this island, which lies some 8 miles south of Mount Desert island, for the purpose of creating a protected lodge for the nesting water fowl. The fact of the existence of this bird sanctuary is too little known to American bird students and it is appropriate to the interests of this subfect to present the _ following brief account of it which Mr Arnold has prepared: Little Duck island lies some 8 miles south of Mount Desert island and is quite alone in the ocean. It has been the nesting home for sea birds away back into the dim past. There are no springs there, no fresh water, consequently many of the birds’ vital enemies could not live there even if they succeeded in swimming from the nearest island across the four or five miles of open ocean intervening. When the herring gulls leave the harbors of New England and farther south in the spring for their nesting places on the Maine coast, many come back to Little Duck island and by the middle of May the winter residents have moved north- ward and the summer residents have started to build their nests. By ‘ounting the birds from different parts of the island as they return before sunset, we believe that from twelve to fifteen thousand gulls summer there, and this number is doubtless at least doubled by the young broods of three in each nest. By about the first of June the eggs are all laid and by the first of July they are nearly all hatched and the young birds are running in the tall grass and weeds trying hard to hide from people as well as from some of the older gulls which occasionally become fierce and attack the young viciously, often killing a good many of them. The gulls’ nests on Little Duck island are all on the rocks or on the ground. Many of them are under the smaller spruce trees but I believe they naturally prefer small depressions in the rocks. Early in June the black guillemots (sea pigeons) lay their eggs in cavities in the rocks or under broken rocks. The guillemot’s eggs are extremely beautiful and the two eggs lie in a slight depression in the rock or on a few small stones but always protected from rain by rock above. Early in June the night herons return to the rookery on Little Duck. These very interesting birds, like the guillemots, are absolutely quiet at the nesting place and there is nothing to indicate the presence of the rookery until one is right upon the nests. The nests are built in thickets of small spruces and balsam, generally in easy reach from the ground. Perhaps the most interesting member of Little Duck’s summer colony is Leach’s petrel, which arrives early in July, and in some years, is probably more numerous than all the other bird inhabitants combined. The petrels are weird little birds. They fly as if they constantly skimmed on the surface of the waves. The petrel has a little bump on the top of its bill similar to all the albatross family. 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM When handled, it secretes from its bill a yellowish substance of strong, rather objectionable odor. The petrel nest is at the end of a burrow perhaps two feet long and generally two to four inches under the surface of the ground but fre- quently underrocks. The petrellaysone whiteegg. Often this egg has very fine pinkish red spots at. the larger end. The young petrel is a delightful little object, covered with down for the first month or so of its existence and almost as weird as its parents but not resembling them at all except in webbed feet and humped bill. Occasionally the petrels are so late in returning that some of the young are frozen before they are large enough to fly. The petrel is perhaps the most interesting of the Little Duck bird colony. One of the birds remains in the burrow on the nest in the daytime and the other comes in at night to take its place. Some of the most interesting nights I have ever spent hav2 been on Little Duck waiting for the petrels to come home. For an hour or more before sundown the gulls are returning to the island continuously and as each gull seems to have a great deal to say to his neighbors, the air is filled with a perfect bedlam of shouts and choruses which continue after h» sun sets. - As the darkness comes on the gulls become less and less noisy and gradually their stories seem to be told and they are quieter and quieter until only here and there some old gull con inu s to shout. Finally the last word has been said and Little Duck is absolutely still for perhaps a half hour until darkness has come and per= haps until you are beginning to think that there are no petrels coming in from the ocean. Very soon, however, you will see something fly swiftly past in the night and then you hear the peculiar twitter of the returning petrel as it flutters around you in search of its nest, and you will also hear the answer, an entirely different note, from the other petrel waiting at the mouth of the burrow for its mate. The flutter and twitter of the petrel continues through the night until an hour or so before sunrise, which we might call the hour of silence, is finally broken by the scream of a waking gull followed immediately by shrieks from thousands of throats and the day starts. The birds on Little Duck island have a few enemies — an occasional snake destroys a petrel home and sometimes a crow is brave enough to taste a gull’s egg, while the parent gull is absent, and in August and later there is often a duck hawk or an eagle or even a smaller hawk flying around the island looking for young gulls, but altogether the inhabitants of the island seem to be generally undis- turbed and let us hope they are content with their existence. Seneca Indian Monument at Canandaigua. Some years ago in making excavation necessary for the parking of grounds about the swimming school at the lake edge in the city of Canandaigua, a Seneca burial was uncovered which contained the skeletons of sixteen males lying in a half circle with feet toward the center and faces toward the lake. These remains were reinterred within the grounds and grove of the park and a rough stone monument placed above them. To this stone has now been attached a suitable bronze inscription tablet, suggested by this office and paid for by Mrs Frederick F. Thompson. Ps se ZZ , 4 a 4 v4 - 4 4 Pa A 4 v4 4 4 a a a Pa 4 y ae ee ya A oe A A 4 4 of 4 4 a A 4 4 A yi 4 4 a ys 4 4 r A ee 4 4 4 Zs 4 4 4 4 A wa 4 4 4 4 4 4 &y. STATE. ‘MUSEUM. ESHWAT Mie 10 THE NORTHEAST. TOOK REHICE K THE TNE oe CENERAL SULLIVAN'S RAID 1779 cae SOUAW TSLAND- 1S OF UNUSUAL GhoLoc! CAL INTEREST ADs 1S A SAND AND GRAVEL BAR MADE BY THE INFLOW. OF SUCKER BROOK AND 17S BEACHES ARE COVERED WITH. WAIER-BISCULIS.4 “THE PEBBLES IN THE BEACH WATERS ARE COATED WITH-A | _ SOFT GREEN WATER=PLANT, OR ALGA.. LIKE OTHER PLANTS, ‘THIS. ALGA REQUIRES CARBONIC ACID. GAS. IN ORDER: 10 © REED THE LIME IN SOLUTION. THE BROOK’ WATERS CARRY THIS — CARBONIG ACID. GAS. THE ALGA STEALS A PART OF TT AND, IN CONSEQUENCE THE LIME 1§ DROPPED ON THE PEBBLE | WHERE THE PLANT IS GROWING. BY THIS CONTINUOUS PROCESS.” THE “WATER-BISCUITS” ARE BUILT UP THEY ARE COMPOSED OF | A FELT°OF PLANT THREADS COATED WITH LIME IN SUCCESSIVE | LAYERS. ALGAE OR. WATER-WEEDS OF THIS SIMPLE STRUCT] WERE THE “MOST ANCIENT LIVING THINGS: OF THE WORLD AN THEY PRODUCED LIME DEPOSITS ON SO GREAT A SCALE AS — TO. MAKE REEFS IN THE SEA. THE SQUAW ISLAND” WalER— | BISCUITS: HAVE BEEN. THE CHIEF MEANS. OF INTERPRETING ! EHESE ANGIENT SEA~ PANTS AND THEIR. STONE REEFS. DO NOT INJURE THE TREES AND BEACHES SAS VAAN SAR Re ee Re ee US pe Ge ONAN ~~. ene ee ee ee oe Se ~ << ee a orto 21 —S REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 31 3 In the writing of a report on the discoloration of the pillars of the Education Building, 73 quantitative determina- tions were made, 54 0f which were publishedin the report. The interesting fact was discovered that the yellow stain is due to sulphuric acid inthe air causing the forma- tion of gypsum stained with iron oxide on the marble. Analyses, pillar scale, marble and granite............. 73 4 In writing with Prof. A. J. Moses an article on two definite varieties of the rare mineral tungstite and investigating the condition of the water therein, the following quantitative determinations were made: eee TG ap es-> Youn tai'c\iova mi s\levauatenwie) syortva Wr eystars; 6 led o/s. oe 225 VD Cyt atebe RGSS ee ees GRA Oo I2 RISC LN GNOME Yeas Sale a wie: Sonu Po tio tee Ores ital omdonee Oo 6 s The following miscellaneous analyses were made at the request of the State Geologist or the Assistant State Geologist: WPEIMCESICALE Ava xss ori «shoe a icsis isto es wae oa wa 6 ME MSCMOPVIILEH Staats shee Kaas l oe Po ox 12 TeV AACTIELILC Nes ray. aia oe avait Meares Shean tc st @ aitd cla ale a as 6 PERV ELOLILE yn ctats etiain, 2 shale) 3h at's SVAMB ie Plw doa Wh wl 8S I ip LEAVERS Ego pahotcaehe sce By Rea Ee Ea aR ee eran 6 GSES SG lean Hh tice eI ee ME RP Te eg 27 % (GARE ]O) AUIS Pee ic At SOR CHEMS or ee ee a 14 TASSAY, PIAGINUTN. 5 oi 3 gece ses es BOD ae Neen Laren mE e I TE | SSE OKO COL SS ae I Te aM Rn AEA PR Pa i Te NAY GASESES Be ICT Rea ye) Bae i a I a 5 f IPGEN Eo cake ws eve une eee ne IPSS OE nA A I 6 On the various minerals and specimens brought in or mailed in by members of the staff or people of the State, the following work was done: Quantitative determinations........./.5....6..2.85 7 Ounalitative'determinations: . 2.5 ..4.5.2 050.8 52 Minerals determined by sight................. 93 Total quantitative determinations............... 581 Total qualitative determinations................. 52 Total sight determinations..................000- 93 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM VI REPORTY OF THE STATE BOTANIST ~ Scientific investigations. The investigations of the State Botanist during 1918 have been largely directed toward the completion of a catalog of the flora of the State. Among the early catalogs of the State flora, perhaps the first is that by Jacob Green, published at Albany in the Transactions of the Society for the Promotion of Useful Arts, volume 5, Lore wale was followed in 1837 by Torrey’s Catalogue of the Plants of the State, revised in 1840. ‘Torrey’s work culminated in the publication in 1843 of the well-known Flora of New York (Natural History of New York) in two volumes, and it was supplemented by a revised catalog in 1849 and 1866. Since then our knowledge of the flora of the State has developed greatly and rapidly, but the results of this advance are, for the most part, scattered through the pages of many different publications. The annual reports of the State Botanist from 1869 to date have been the repository of much of the information regarding new additions and new knowledge of the vegetation of the State. Numerous botanical periodicals which have come into existence during the past thirty-five or forty years also contain a large amount of scattered information relative to our flora. Space does not permit the enumeration of the many local floras. A complete bibliography of the botany of the State published in Museum Bulletin 188 covers this phase. These sources of information, together with the several large herbaria which contain extensive collections of the plants of the State, serve as the foundation of this catalog which will appear as a separate publication. Identifications. The number of specimens identified by this office during the year is 380, and the number of persons for whom these identifications were made is 102. This includes identification of poisonous and edible mushrooms, diseased plant material, woods, seeds, ferns and flowering plants. Additions to the herbarium. The number of specimens of New York State species which have been added to the herbarium from current collections during the year is 360; from the contributions 462, a total of 822 specimens. Of these a large number are new to the herbarium. Collections were made by the State Botanist in the following counties: Albany, Genesee, Herkimer, Madison, Monroe, Oneida, REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 a9 Onondaga, Ontario, Oswego and Rensselaer. These collections were made largely in connection with a continuation of a study of the _ bog vegetation of southern Herkimer and Madison counties and also Bergen swamp in Genesee county. The mycological herbarium. During the past five years con- siderable time has been devoted to the rearrangement of the extensive collection of fungi accumulated almost exclusively through the efforts of the late Dr Charles Horton Peck. An enumeration of the number of specimens representing each group of fungi is interesting and of some value as a record of his work, and also constitutes a record of the present number of specimens of fungi in the state herbarium. AGARICACEAE i Bes _A STC SRS eS 250 WepLOnia re ccmicihtcroe hatAciee me 85 = heu2) 6 SO 300 INGOT als 4 sexe are wise is oie a. 195 Aichi hae 65 INiv balls scc op syssctsrattlelciererer ors ye. 6 3 PMG eee sb ties oe sed mello ds 12 @niphalia ce des ass iste al ate 230 Callies Le 252 IPaNACOlUS ie waicenusteepslersyeve essere 125 BME LOPS c2.+ s)sc cin iere's ss ec ees 130 PAMTS ela tausts tas) se pero sys aie a ioiets 115 PRMINANN TA Aare re: sae 2S cis. t 3 a'8 5 ere. s 0s 2 PaxdlluSweaaccn tetas seeks s 80 BBTV DC a: i) s c.sc2 oe sels se tise 2 @ 650 Mara Smius..2)s) oiint e1tehs err ciena ore ve 515 Os INA Dae ae 262 INOLameas. Mate) sfalscevslerdecans coe vers 55 WOPRMUSs cease seeks k ee aba as 530 IPholigtas sas seep teive testes sete 380 Wonbinanius: sos esccsces ces en es 575 Montagnites..... Psa Se r Hectiletrass 2 WHAMUGUSte deca sees sce nens 51 RM OSACE Fel a epata) sects wVolsislavereiene 4 WeEPIGOLUS: si seo 4s ces ce cee es 170 PICUEOUUS watt) tet custo a stsisuc Lewes 228 WECOMICAS sai de dese d este nes 40 PCA CUTAN RS shicicislg alc iatarh be) ad 3 IDHEGIOIMA sic) dcaves odes sees 220 ME EOP yer shite ecard she ey he ae 21 Hilestaa att lay soo dsieie sere: o aie sc eielsie a's 215 Pateuse actitan avon tatetee es cate IIO IB Gert ce RGR iD DOCS CIO oI 35 Bsathiyvraleanse er wloratee tae ~ 28 MECIICR ARE eR A hc Seid d Selelaitcens conde os 180 Psathyrellasee Atenas ivie acters 47 ME GEM PUIG. 6.6 <5 60d hb oat ee se oe 60 Rsilocybe@xwascisc a2 terete cae 142 HA CMCLOMMA Aes clea g alec e si sta\ais 98 abeoltasi sacio suusaerae veal ashe 35 EV STOPUOLUS S25 ate! ele tard oe e's 477 RASS US erat Seid liahai Seats o's ves eee 875 EV PNOLOMA Ns. 230s jee cone es 205 OLLOP Arias jit semecelal sia cieieys ake 64 ROCW SOs toon OOD OIC OOnte 75 Sehizo play llamas eve erect siete I5 WAGGA clcieate wiaye cycis sais cere ove 73 tricholomanneeeneeeree eee 535 BP MUITMIS: Se Sie SS oh ba See oe 651 TITS a5 cleltile Scvs'e/c’s-s bo 0 ae’ 125 ° ETT TE SEB SR ene a ae 352 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM POLYPORACEAE ois o6j0 1.101 Sc s aise csteaeis eiahetsle ein see Moock SS “BOLEDACEAE oro. sist isere stale @)-feinioinioiet/-lel ticker tereye cher c eee eee eee ots) Zo FHYDNACEAE 3 io. oi ale/dvh leis aie 6 aleiel ee ea Rtetelavay eerie eae ee ag a Rage eanelene I 025 THELEPHORACEAR 072i. giacd sae 6 sieresets see sie © 2 Sis ape eei ee s arwreicee . 375 CLAVARIA CEAB i 3)sj2' cue e die: cie wo. eielevele ie aa sree se wie ee ele) ous ole lelol emer ae tere teemenenS _ 760 GASTEROMYCETEAE $2 cise. 6 ie. 54 ler 6 piste wleisce oa ae otdlalen Geer alates 345 MYXOMVGETEAR G05. scjecsvanisios elev aele Misia Siete hie Galore aa ors aint 960 PHYCOMYCETEAB. «of. cid odie sidistene eb s/s ea sales s scsieis s See eae 75 PEZIZEAE, | ysicico Nova eictels ctotelapeein eres eyetefote aie sis %e wid ievesaiche « 6 ap asare eeleyetereene I 225 HEL VELACEAE 2 oipisinte clo cis n't alata nisis eteieg) shel + 65 ons.ele os eee en 315 UREDINALES sds epccerstatine @alets sco aie Se oe Riese le eee be be ee ee ekiec oer . 3 410 PYRENOMYCETEAE).cfotih sie icids cis ss Si eele f sles t sc'e oie e's ols, c16 en ee ne I 725 MELANCONEAE So a\o sce s'e 216, acece [ol e'4ie 2 sieiele ee ohio al nieces ote o alee oo eee 75 HIVPOMVCETEAE OU. Wi. Wicie wiole resides alautie ev ie lei Bie ste biota be ails 6 Oe el 355 Host herbarium (specimens of various families arranged according to LaVO SA al ee ANNI AUN crete Pp ei tO URL Wee A a a oa lee Gee 8 350 Undistributed material (estimated)...... ico ibce wowleye e aieveeehhete eee 900 Total number of specimens of fungi.......... Sonogocdoaddco> oss 33 618 Specimens contributed to the state herbarium.. During the past year the following contributions of specimens have been received and added to the state herbarium: George'S: Graves, Newport...5.5.s:.cccvccceses oie, '9 a foie le, 5/e)eperete ORAS 310 M.S. Baxter, Rochester... i.:. 03 0:0 s sis\0 00 v o:sls's oi0.0.6 6, 6)0, 90,6, 010, te 45 H.C. Beardslee, Asheville, N.C... o 1.0 .0/0.s 0:0,0 0 0)0,0,8:010 5/e je ys leteiee tate 35 MO MOIat EE CAITOR i, kis disclose fate cies loca slag desc sie acne eee 25 nA. Wy Povah), Syracuse... iietces fe css o'eies 01s sesbie ee eels ele a eee 14 Dri. JiDavis) Madison, "Wis... \o/i6.6 «idieiee 410i ee AR vayejaocne letecelel et ene aCe eee 12 MirsvEnP: (Gardner, Canandaigua... sii s/c cls cic 1sc1se else cleidicie nie ee erent 8 Herbannmebrince Bonaparte; bars sees “ceri ere Jc ao S. Ho Burnham oeiardson Malls: eis sae 6. bc 0ls 6 ovens fore legac eae een ener eneens 2 Muss) Florence Beckwith, Rochester.) ..... 06. -.seneecree ree eee reer I Dri iorbitzpatnick, dthacay te) hi). ah 2i2 5). se «cee ein ole ole eee I Wi Ce McCallashdmontony Canadas. es -: ericcuiceiis elec eee I Dri. H. Penning tons Syracuse re cams sc «sve «imlelersis 0) 5151 (ol jeuslele seinen I Dr WG. Farlow; Cambridge; Mass. cos. iii. sie: 0.0'0,0 «:o:01010 eet eee I REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM New to the herbarium Ascochyta silenes E. & E. Calopactis singularis Sydow Cercospora p ntstemonis E. & K. Cercospora streptopi D. & B. Corticium corruga Burt Corticium lividum Cortinarius iodioides Kauff. Ephemerum cohaerens (Hedw.) Hampe Gymnosporangium betheli Kern er Gymnosporangium nelsoni Arth Hydnum subsquammosum Batsch Hydnum putidum Atk. Inocybe corydalina Quel. Marssonina toxicodendri (FE. & M.) Magn. Melampsora arctica Rostr. Naucoria christinae Fr. Peridermium fischeri Kleb. Poria tsugina Murrill Puccinia commutata Sydow Puccinia cinerea Arth. Puccinia ellisii De Ton1 Puccinia holboellii Rosir. Puccinia tubercularis E. & E. Puccinia universalis Arth. Psilocybe ammophilus D. & M. Radulum casearium (Morg.) Lloyd Fomes putearius Weir Berlesiella nigerrima (Bloxham) Sacc. Russula aurantialutea Beardslee Russula cinerascens Beardslee Russula magna Beardslee Russula tenuiceps Kauff. ' Russula melioleus Gmel. Russula pungens Beardslee Uredinopsis pteridis D. & H. Uromyces hedysari-obscuri (DC.) Wint. Uromyces heterodermus Sydow Uromyces rosicola FE. & E. Uromyces spartiniae Farlow Boehmeria drummondiana Weddell Lycopus asper Greene Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. 2 35 Reprint of the Report of the State Botanist for 1886; from the Fortieth Annual Report of the State Museum 1887 Through an oversight on the part of the state printers (Weed and Parsons) no edition of the fortieth annual report of the Museum was printed except those necessary for the legislative documents. This report has consequently never been distributed and as it contained many original descriptions of plants by the State Botanist, Dr Charles H. Peck, it is an important work of reference, especially for students of mycology. To supply a constant demand which it has hitherto been impossible to meet the Botanist’s report is here reprinted without change and page for page. 36 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 37 REPORT To the Honorable the Board of Regents of The ey of the State of New York: GENTLEMEN:—I have the honor to communicate to you the following report: ; ‘In prosecuting the work of completing and arranging the State herbarium the past year, specimens of plants of the State have been collected in the counties of Albany, Genesee, Essex, Hamilton, Livingston, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, Wash- ington, Wayne and Wyoming. Specimens of 184 species have been added to the herbarium, of which twelve were contributed by correspondents, and 172 were collected by the Botanist. Of these 106 are new to the herbarium, and with two exceptions are new to our flora. Forty-seven of them are regarded as previously unpublished species. Among the added species are seven flowering plants, one moss and one lichen. The remainder are fungi. A list of the additions accompanies this report and is marked ‘‘A.”’ The number of contributors is twenty-three. Among their con- tributions are specimens of many extra limital species, not included in the preceding enumeration. These are kept distinct from the herbarium proper, which represents the State flora. A list of the contributors and of their respective contributions is marked ‘‘B.”’ A paper containing notices of species not before reported, together with a record of their respective localities and descriptions of new Species, is marked ‘‘C.”’ Notes and observations concerning those not new to our flora will be found in a paper marked ‘“‘D.”’ Wishing to obtain good flowering specimens of certain plants which grow: upon the summit of Mt Marcy, that locality was visited early in June. Although the snow had not yet entirely disappeared from that high elevation, several of the desired plants were in full bloom. Fine specimens were obtained of the alpine 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM rosebay, Rhododendron Lapponicum, the Lapland diapensia, Diap- — ensia Lapponica, the hairy fly honeysuckle, Louicera cerulea, and the dwarf birch, Betula glandulosa. The hairy fly honeysuckle and the small cranberry had not before been observed by me on the open summit of the mountain and should be added to the list of plants already published as belonging to that elevated station. July is given in the Manual and also in the State Flora as the time of flowering of the alpine or Lapland rosebay, but here it was flowering finely on the tenth day of June. Several new and interesting species of fungi rewarded my search in that bleak locality. Near the base of the mountain, the few fruited June berry, Amelanchier Canadensis, var. oligocarpa, enlivened the dark evergreen forest with its few pure white flowers. These are much scattered on the branches, there being only one, two or three in a place. The petals are broadly oval or almost orbicular, and the branches are wide-spreading, straggling and irregular. These features are so unlike the corresponding ones in other varieties of the species, that for the instant they almost compel us to believe that the plant is a distinct species rather than a mere variety. Yet, in less elevated and more open places connecting forms appear. Along Marcy brook, the rare mountain bush cranberry or few flowered viburnum, Viburnum pauciflorum, was observed, but it was not yet in flower. At Ausable ponds the large leaved avens, Geum macrophyllum, was discovered. This is a notable addition to our flora. It is an inhabitant of the White mountain region of New Hampshire and of the Lake Superior region, whence it extends westward to the Sierra Nevada mountains, and northward to Sitka. This New York station is intermediate between the eastern one and the nearest western one. An interesting form of the northern Clintonia was also discovered at this time. In it, one or two lateral umbels project from the scape at short distances below the terminal umbel of flowers. I find no mention of this form in our botanies. It is apparently due to a very thrifty and vigorous condition of the plant. The number of flowers in an umbel often much exceeds the number ascribed in the descriptions of the botanies. From time to time reports have reached me that a red-flowered form of the white water-lily, Nymphaea odorata, existed in some of the waters of the Adirondack region. As I had never been (40) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 39 able to find such a plant myself, these reports were somewhat tan- talizing. Knowing that such a lily had been found in Massachu- setts, and learning of a definite locality where it was reported to have been seen in the Adirondacks, I determined to test the accuracy of this report, and to add, if possible, a specimen of such a rarity to the herbarium. Mud pond, in which it was said to grow, is a small, boggy water-hole, between Long lake and Tupper’s lake. Upon visiting it I found an abundance of the white water- lily. There were a few flowers scattered about, in which the external petals were considerably tinged with red. When these flowers were but partly open, and viewed at a short distance, they had a decided pink-red appearance, and might easily be mistaken for the variety in question. But a closer examination invariably revealed white interior petals, though in some instances these were slightly stained with red or pink on the exterior surface near the base. Thus far the occurrence of the real red water-lily in the Adirondack region has not been verified by me; but this half-way approach to it indicates the possibility of its existence there, and raises the hope that it may yet be added to our flora. In this bog hole the bayonet rush, Juncus militaris, was found growing plenti- fully. It is an interesting addition to the indigenous plants of the State. On this trip, groves of larches or tamaracks, Larix Amert- cana, in three widely separated localities, were noticed, in which many of the trees were almost defoliated by the ravages of some insect. Among them were many trees already dead, evidently having yielded to the thorough manner in which they had been deprived of their foliage. It appears that the loss of a large per- centage of the larch trees of these noble forests must yet be added to the loss of many of the spruces through the agency of pestilent insects. Wishing to observe what influence had been exerted on the flora by the operation of the salt works at Warsaw and its neighboring localities, that place was visited. It is well known that certain so-called seaside and salt marsh plants occur at Onondaga lake, about the salt works at Salina, and in other places where there are saline _ influences. It is evident that at Warsaw no saline influences have been present until quite recently. No salt springs come to the surface. The salt water is manufactured, so to speak, and ‘pumped up from great depths. No salt marsh plants existed there when (41) 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the salt wells were first opened. Had any been introduced and established there since that time, was a question, the answer to which I wished to put on record. Not a single plant of this’ char- acter was found. The nearest approach to it is the common orache, Atriplex patula, which grows freely along the sea coast: but this plant is also capable of living and thriving in places remote from salt water or saline influences. It has followed the tracks of our railroads till now it is a common plant along these thoroughfares in many places in the interior of the State. At Warsaw it is abundant, and occurs in several well-marked forms, thus showing well its dipsosition to vary. Its fondness for salt water, however, is shown by the fact that it is especially vigorous along the ditches by which the waste brine is carried away, and it follows these for considerable distances. Some of the trees in the immediate vicinity of several factories were seen to be dead or dying. Their death was apparently due to the gaseous products of the combustion of coal which is used in running the works. They were not in reach of the brine. | Two opinions are entertained concerning the liability of plants to the attacks of parasitic fungi. Some claim that, no matter how vigorous and healthy a plant may be, if the spores of its parasite lodge upon it the result will be the development in it of the disease which that parasite generates in that particular host plant. Others claim that there is a difference in the susceptibility of plants of the same species to the attacks of the same parasite; that a plant in a weak, starved or feeble condition is more likely to yield to and suffer from the attacks of its parasites than is one of the same species which is strong, well fed and vigorous. In other words, it is claimed that the vigorous plants, though exposed to the action of the spores of the parasite, have the power to resist the develop- ment of the disease and to remain healthy and unaffected; while the more feeble ones, exposed to the action of the spores of the same parasite, yield to the disease and suffer therefrom. This last claim is one of great practical importance, and if it can be shown to be well founded, a knowledge of it may be useful. Two instances illustrative of it fell under my observation the past season. @At Warsaw a small patch of knotgrass, Polygonum aviculare, was noticed. The plants were very small and starved in appear- (42) ee REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 41 ance, and seemed to be struggling for existence. A close inspec- tion showed that many of them were affected by a parasitic fungus, Uromyces Polygoni. On one side of this patch, and continuous with it, was one composed of taller, more healthy looking plants. These were entirely free from the fungus, thus indicating that the weakness of the plants in one patch had favored the development of the disease, while the strength of the plants in the other had resisted it. It might be said by the supporters of the other claim that the dwarfed and weak condition of the affected plants was due to the presence of the fungus and not the predisposing cause of its presence. To one accustomed to observe this fungus, such an assertion would carry but little weight. But if we should admit the truth of this assertion, how should we explain the presence of the dwarf but unattacked plants in this patch? In low ground near the lake shore at Port Henry, were numerous seedling plants, apparently of the discoid tickseed, Coreopsis discoidea. This ground had been overflowed in time of high water, and when the water receded it left numerous heaps of small sticks, bits of bark and other floodwood. Many of the seedling tickseeds were growing on these heaps of rubbish where there was little or no soil to afford nutriment to their roots. Others were growing on the ground about them, having their roots imbedded in and nourished by the soil. The plants growing on the floodwood were in many instances infested by a parasitic fungus, Peronospora Halstedit; but not a single affected plant could be found among those whose roots were in the soil. In this case the better nourished plants had escaped infection, although as much exposed to it as their less favored companions. Possibly there may be cases in which plants are liable to the attacks of parasitic fungi, no matter how strong and vigorous they may be, but it is clear that ’ this can not be a rule without exceptions. Instances are not want- ing to show a greater susceptibility to attack in weak than in strong and well fed plants. Those who are accustomed to collect specimens of parasitic fungi soon learn, almost unconsciously, to look for them, either among feeble and starved plants or among _ those of unusually rank and luxuriant growth. Very respectfully submitted CHAS. EE PECK ALBANY, December 15, 1886 Cs) 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM (A.) PLANTS ADDED: TO THE HERBARIG NEw TO THE HERBARIUM Geum macrophyllum Wzlld. Aster sagittifolius Willd. Lactuca Scariola L. Mimulus moschatus Dougl. eupyrena Sacc.. Populi Pk. P P, een herbarum West. P Amianthium muscaetoxicum Gr. Juncus militaris Bzgel. Alopecurus pratensis L. Distichium capillaceum B. & S. Calicium eusporum Ny. Collybia fuliginella Pk. Clitopilus subvilis Pk. Hebeloma glutinosum Lind. Polyporus dryophilus Berk. 1 sinuosus Fr. 1P. radiculosus Pk. Hydnum velatum B. & C. H. subfuscum Pk. Jil carbonarium Pk. Irpex ambiguus Pk. Porothelium papillatum Pk. Thelephora dendritica Berk. Stereum abietinum Pers. Hymenochaete tenuis Pk. Clavaria Kromholzii Fr. a pha Caryae Pk. phaseolina Sacc. Lycopersici Pk. phomiformis Sacc. tumoricola Pk. populina Sacc. spermoides Pk. faginea Pk. vagans Pk. fatiscens Pk. Symphoricarpi West. homa magnifructa Pk. lesuminum West. ro ry ho My A I Po ho : Castanea Pk, Pe Dipsaci Sacc. Aposphaeria conica Sacc. Cytospora grandis Pk. Haplosporella Pini Pk. Diplodia paupercula B. & C. iDy Asparagi Pk. Stagonospora Chenopodii Pk. Sine Stachydis R. & D. fusca Pk. Stellariae R. & D. Sibirici Thum. solidaginicola Pk. brevis Pk. populicola Pk. Smilacinae EF. & M. Pilidium graminicola Pk. Gloesporium Robergei Desm, (Ce septorioides Sacc. G. Melanconium betulinum Schm. M. dimorphum Pk. Marsonia Populi Sacc. Coryneum tumoricola Pk. Scolecosporium Fagi Lib. Pestalozzia Jefferisit Ellis. Monilia Martini S. & E. M. cinera Bon. Ramularia Barbareae PR. MONI ‘| Coniosporium punctoideum (44) Karst. Cladosporium Aphidis Thum. Asparagi Fr. brevipes Pk. Lindemuthianum Sacc. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 43 Cc: letiferum PR. Cercospora Acetosellae Ellis. Macrosporium tomato Cke. Pilacre orientalis B. & Br. Graphium Sorbi Pk. Isariopsis alborosella Sacc. Fusarium Lycopersici Sacc. Peziza truncicomes Ger. P. alboviolascens A. & S. Helotium episphaericum Pk. Ascomyces letifer Pk. rubrobrunneus Pk. Erysiphe horridula Lev. Calosphaeria ciliatula Karst. Valsa Thuje Prk. Wy exudans Pk. Valsella adhaerens Fckl. We Teen SOG oai ene Diatrypella quercina Nits. a Melanconiella Decorahensis Ellis. Sphaerella Pinsapo Thum. minutissima PR. o. almicolay Eien SS Pontederiz PR. Diaporthe farinosa Pk. D. sulphurea Fk. Valsaria Niesslii Sacc. Leptosphaeria Asparagi Pk. Massaria Pyrii Otth. Pleospora Shepherdiae Pk. Dothidella Alni Pk. | Lophiotrema vestita Pk. parasitica Pk. Not New To THE HERBARIUM Thalictrum purpurascens L. Nelumbium luteum Willd. Nympheza odorata Azt. Nuphar advena Azt. Nasturtium lacustre Gr. Arabis Drummondii Gr. Cardamine hirsuta L. Lepidium Virginicum L. Lechea major Mx. Polygala paucifolia Wzlld. Lathyrus palustris L. Lespedeza violacea Pers. Geum rivale L. Pyrus sambucifolia C. & S. Amelanchier Canadensis T. & G. Ribes Cynosbati L. R. lacustre Potr. R. prostratum L’Her. Cornus paniculata L’Her. Lonicera cerulea L. Symphoricarpus racemosus Mx. Aster acuminatus Mx. A Radula Azt. Solidago uliginosa Nutt. Hieracium pilosclla L. Rhododendron Lapponicum Wahl. Hyssopus officinalis L. Polygonum tenue Mx. Diapensia Lapponica L. Carya alba Nutt. Quercus palustris Du Rot. Betula glandulosa Mx. Salix Cutleri Tuckm. Abies alba Mx. Orchis spectabilis L. Clintonia borealis Raf. Streptopus roseus Mx. Se amplexifolius D.C. Polygonatum biflorum EJ. Luzulu parviflora Desv. Juncus articulatus L. Scirpus Eriophorum Mx. Scleria verticillata Muhl. Carex alopecoidea Tuckm. (Os. flava L. ©. longirostris Torr. Agrostis vulgaris Wzth. Avena striata Mx. Panicum capillare L. ee Crus-galli L. Setaria glauca bv. Triticum caninum L. Aspidium Goldianum Hook. Omphalia umbellifera L. Pleurotus subareolatus Pk. (45) 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Crepidotus haerens Pk. Marsonia Juglandis Sacc. - Boletus subaureus Pk. Ramularia Plantaginis E. &@ M. Polyporus pubescens Fr. Cystopus Bliti Lev. Re cyphellaeformis B. & C. Peronospora Halstedii Farl. Trametes mollis Fr. 12) gangliformis De By.. Phlebia radiata Fr. Trichothecium roseum LR. | Odontia fimbriata Fr. Pezicula acericola Pk. Peniophora neglecta PR. Uncinula adunca Lev. Clavaria pinea Pk. Hypoxylon atropunctatum Schw. Gloeosporium Martini S. & E. Diaporthe acerina Sacc. (46) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 45 (B.) CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS Mrs. M. M. Patton, Berne, N. Y. Cynoglossum grande Dougl. | Brodiza capitata Benth. _ Mrs. I. B. Sampson, Albany, N. Y. Sarracenia variolaris Mx. | Ruellia oblongifolia Mx. Polygala nana DC. | Eriocaulon gnaphalodes Mx. Hon. Davip Murray, Albany, N. Y. Viola lutea Sm. Sedum acre L. Arenaria verna L. Se saxatile L. Silene inflata Sm. Linnea borealis Gron. Parnassia palustris L. Gnaphalium leontopodium Saxifraga aizoon Jacq. | Willd. 8. azoides L. Hieracium pilosella L. Se bryoides L. » Loiseleuria procumbens Desv. Prof. James Hatt, Albany, N. Y. Agaricus subareolatus PR. CHARLES E. BEECHER, Albany, N. Y. Lenzites sepiaria Fr. Dedalea glaberrima B. & C. Polyporus brumalis Fr. Stereum versicolor Fr. _ sanguineus L. Hypochnus rubrocinctus Ehr. Trametes hydnoides Fr. Geaster minimus Schw. Georce A. Rex, M.D., Philadelphia, Penn. Hemiarcyria stipata R. Tilmadoche gyrocephalum Arcyria dictyonema R. Mont. AY CErstedii R. Physarum pulcherrimum B.&C. ~ Trichia Jackii R. Pi Petersii B. & C. Rev. A. B. Lanctots, Pointe a la Hache, La. Cytospora pallida Ellis. Botryodiplodia diplocarpa Fusarium sarcochroum Desm. 1B. GP 1B, Ailographum caespitosum E.@ E. | Meliola sanguinea Ellis. Dinemasporium Langloisii Ellis. | Valsa hylodes Ells. (47) 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM E. C. Howe, M.D., Lansingburg, N. Y. Carex Buxbaumt1 Wahl. Alopecurus geniculatus L. H. L. GriFFIs, Polygala paucifolia Willd. .| Triticum caninum L. Binghamton, N. Y. C. E. Smitu, Philadelphia, Penn. Baptisia tinctoria R. Br. Polygala lutea.L. Po. Duprey, Trametes Pini Fr. Linaria vulgaris Mill. New York, N. Y. | Polyporus versicolor Fr. Prof. B. T. Gattoway, Columbia, Mo. Cercospora condensata EF. & K. Gymocladi E. & K. GC. rhuina C. & E. Cc: Plantaginis Sacc. C Caulophylli Pk. Cercospora Sanguinariae Pk. Puccinia Seymeriae Burrill. Septoria bacciligera Wnt. Gloeosporium Aceris Cke. | Marsonia Quercus Pk. Prof. L. M. UNDERWoop, Syracuse, N. Y. Puccinia curtipes Howe. | Uromyces Trifolii Fckl. Prof. T. H. McBripe, Iowa City, Iowa. Boletus sphzrosporus Pk. Juutus A. Bisk Aster Radula Ait. A acuminatus Mx. v, Mlushine aie Mimulus moschatus Dougl. Amianthium muscaetoxicum Gr. Prof. F. LAMSON SCRIBNER, Washington, D. C. Arundo Donax L. A. P. Morean, Preston, O. Polyporus endocrocinus Berk. Prof. WILLIAM TRELEASE, St Louis, Mo. Lycoperdon delicatum B. & C. L. rimulatum Pk. | Dothidea viridispora Cke. (48) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 47 Prof. W. A. KELLERMAN, Lenzites abietina Fr. Panus stipticus Fr. Polyporus adustus Fr. P. brumalis Fr. iP. sulphureus Fr. P. applanatus Fr. iP. picipes Fr. iP. fraxinophilus Pk. Trametes sepium Berk. Craterellus cornucopioides Fr. Stereum frustulosum Fr. Merulius tremellosus Schrad. Hydnum pallidum C. & £. Tremella foliacea Fr. Gloeosporium stenosporum LD MO IG Vermicularia Dematium Fr. Darluca filum Cast. Leptostroma vulgare Fr. Actzeze Schw. Beene Verbene R. & D. gaurina LF. & K. Nolitangeris Ger. Kalmicola B. & C. Helianthi F. & K. Verbascicola B. & C. Polygonorum Desm. Mimuli E. & K. Pruni Ellis. Cerastii R. & D. Gei Desm. spherelloides EF. & K. xanthifolia FE. & K. Sisymbrii Ellis. Specularie B. & C. Erigerontis Pk. lactucicola FE. & M. Cacahe Be K. hyllosticta Asimine FE. & E. acericola B. & C. smilacina F. & M. Phaseoli Sacc. Chenopodii West. YANNANDNNNDNDNDDNNNDH Labrusce Thum. Podophylli Wznt. Myc HS Kk. eee See Ampelopsidis E. & M. Manhattan, Kansas. Discosia maculeecola Ger. Phoma glandicola Desm. Stilbospora ovata Pers. Coniothyrium herbarum (GME2s De Sphaeronema Persicae Schw. Caeoma mercurialis Lk. Coleosporium Campanulacearum Fr. (On Sonchi Jul. G: Senecionis Fr. Cc Agrimoniae Bon. Uredo Smilacis Schw. Trichobasis Crotonis Cke. Chrysomyxa pyrolatum Koenig. Synchytrium Anemones Woron. S. mercurialis Fckl. S. Taraxaci DeBy. Roestelia penicillati Fr. Re lacerata Tul. Melampsora salicina Lev. AEcidium impatientatum Schw. Allii-ursini Pers. Tragopogonis Pers. Prenanthis Pers. Euphorbie Pers. leucospermum DC. rubellum Pers. Epilobii DC. (Enothere Pk. Caladii Schw. Dicentrae Trel. Ficariae Pers. Violae Schum. Callirrhoes E. & K. amphigenum F. & K. Sambuci Schw. Verbenicola E. & K. Ceanothi £. & K. omyces appendiculatus Lev. Zygadeni Pk. Euphorbie C. & P. Lespedezze Schw. Alchemillae Pers. Peltandrae Howe. Hyperici Schw. stilago Carbo Tul. SSS Gp Os Bs Os BO 0 OB BB ae (49) 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM WO. Syntherismze Schw. _ Phragmidium obtusum Lk. Gymnosporangium macropus Schw. Puccinia Sorghi Schw. Helianthi Schw. Mariae Wilsoni Clint. Amorphae Curt. aculeata.Lk. Artemisiarum Duby. Myrrhis Schw. Xanthii Schw. Malvastri Pk. nigrescens Pk. Polygonorum Lk. solida Schw. Chaerophylli Purt. Menthe Pers. Silphii Schw. Epicoccum spherococcum Berk. Sporocybe byssoides Fr. Fusicladium fasciculatum ro OS ro rh Pd Crs. Helminthosporium gracile M. Solani F. & M. M. Catalpe £.& M. Polythrincium Trifolii Kze. Stachybotrys lobulata Berk. Botrytis vulgaris Fr. Pyricularia grisea Sacc. Cylindrosporium Fraxini ie ieee Microstroma leucospora Nzvessl. Ramularia Desmodii Cke. Re Astragali E. & H. R. Grindelie £.& K. Re rufomaculans Pk. Re Tulasnei Sacc. Entyloma Ranunculi Bon. Physalidis Wnt. Cystopus cubicus Lev. C Bliti DeBy. Peronospora sordida Berk. ; parasitica Tul. 1B gangliformis DeBy. (50) Wallr. Ele interseminatum B. @& R. _-Macrosporium Maydis C. & E. alta Fckl. Halstedii Farl. Oxybaphi FE. & K. Arthurii Farl. ercospora Acalyphae Pk. Ampelopsidis Pk. Chenopodii Fres. Plantaginis Sacc. effusa Ellis. Desmodii FE. & K. condensata EL. & K. ercospora Gymnocladi FE. & K. chionea EL. & K. Isanthi ve Gh rhuina C. & E. microsora Sacc. Teucnt 2, GG eziza capitata Pk. floccosa Schw. nivea Fr, Ascobolus pilosus F is Phacidium Pini Schw. — iP). Medicaginis Schw. Cenangium triangulare Schw. Exoascus deformans Berk. Chetomium chartarum Cd. Chetomella perforata E. & E. Podosphaeria Kunzei Lev. elelolelolololololololorels iii) aehachiae Phyllactinia suffulta Reb. Erysiphe lamprocarpa Lev. Uncinula adunca Lev. AU Ampelopsidis Pk. U. macrospora Pk. Microsphaeria EuphorbiaeB.&C. M. Platani Howe. Diatrype disciformis Fr. D. bullata Fr. 12): hypophlea B. & C. Xylaria Hypoxylon Fr. Hypoxylon sassafras Schw. Vale atropunctatum Schw. Rosellinia millegrana Sacc. Dothidea perisporioides B. & C. Stigmatea Robertiani Fr. Diaporthe spiculosa Fr. Phyllachora Ulmi Fckl.. Heliosphaeria patella Grev. | Linospora caprez Fckl. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 49 Venturia orbicula C. & P. | Kellermania yuccagena E. & E. | 5. Leptosphaeria doliolum Pers. Pleonectria denigrata Wint. Ophiobolus porphyrogonus Sacc. Melanomma pulvispyrius Fckl. Gnomonia setacea Pers. Melanconis dasycarpa E. & R. Sphaeria Caryae C. & EL. Se Arthuriana Sacc. anguillida C. & E. S. fulgida C. & P. Spheerella decidua E. & K. 5: maculaeformis Pers. 5. sparsa Awd. 5. polystigma Ellis. 5. Campanulae E. & K. E. J. Forster, M.D., Boston, Mass. Hydnum auriscalpium L. Scleroderma vulgare Fr. Phyllosticta Sambuci Desm. Sporidesmium lepraria B. & Br. Phragmidium bulbosum Schl. IP mucronatum Lk. iP. gracile Grev. Triphragmium Ulmariae Lr. Puccinia graminis Pers. iP. clandestina Carm. Be | Umbilici Guep. Ustilago Carbo Tul. Urocystis pompholygodes Schl. Podisoma Sabinae Fr. Roestelia lacerata Tul. Sepedonium chrysospermum Lk. Chaetomium elatum Kze. Hypomyces aurantius Tul. H lateritius Tul. lal rosellus Tul. Sphaerotheca Castagnei Lev. Sphaeria fimbriata Pers. Sphaerella Buxi DC. Stigmatea Robertiani Fr. H. ©. Gorpinier, M.D); Troy, N. Y- Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer. Lepidium campestre L. Cerastium nutans Raf. Arenaria lateriflora L. Geranium Carolinianum L. Trifolium hybridum L. Mitella nuda L. Chrysopsis graminifolia Nuit. Polygonum tenue Mx. Rumex brittanica L. Blitum capitatum L. Populus balsamifera L. Salix candida Willd. Thuja occidentalis L. Orchis spectabilis L. Cypripedium spectabile Swartz. Carex Buxbaumii Wahl. Cc: Muhlenbergii Schk. Cp alopecoidea Tuck. (ee aurea Nutt. Alopecurus geniculatus L. Glyceria acutiflora Torr. Pardanthus Chinensis Ker. J. Dunn, Albany, N. Y. A piece of wood of silver maple, showing the scar of an inscribed cross, both in the wood and the bark. W. S. Haywarp, Sodus, N. Y. A splinter of wood and fragments of stone broken by lightning. (51) 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM (C.) PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED GEUM MACROPHYLLUM, Willd. Adirondack mountains, near the inlet of Lower Ausable pond. In the Manual this species is accredited to the base of the White mountains, Northern Michigan, Illinois and north-westward. Our newly discovered station is intermediate between the eastern and western localities recorded in the Manual. Flowering specimens were collected in June. LACTUCA SCARIOLA, L. Introduced, but apparently well established, in Clyde, Wayne county. September. MIMULUS MOSCHATUS, Dougl. Introduced. ‘‘Well established in a bog near Locust Valley,” Long Island. Julius A. Bisky. August. AMIANTHIUM MUSCATOXICUM, Gr. Valley Stream, Long Island. July. /. A. Biskypyihiome probably one of its most northern stations. JUNCUS MILITARIS, Bigel. Adirondack mountains. In Mud pond and Clear pond near Long lake. Jtily. The bayonet rush grows in shallow water in these localities. Its panicle is not very conspicuous, and a superficial observer might easily mistake the plant for the great bulrush, Scirpus validus, which grows in similar situations. It spreads by creeping rootstocks which give origin to new plants, sometimes at less than an inch from the parent plant. The capillary submersed leaves noticed by Dr Robbins in flowing water were not seen in these stations, in which the plants grow in quiet water. The whitish membranous scales that subtend the reddish-brown or chestnut colored heads of flowers are noticeable by reason of the contrast in colors. (52) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 51 DISTICHIUM CAPILLACEUM, B. & S. “Wet rocks and precipices. Adirondack mountains, Cascadeville. June. The distichous arrangement of the leaves, characteristic of the genus, is not very conspicuous in this moss, which at first sight somewhat resembles Dzicranella heteromalla. CALICUM EUSPORUM, Nyl. Bark of dead balsam, Abzes balsamea. Chapel pond, Adiron- dack mountains. June. This rare. lichen has but recently been detected in this country. Mr. Willey informs me that he first found it about a year ago in the White mountain region. COLLYBIA FULIGINELLA, N. sp. Pileus convex or nearly plane, sometimes irregular or undulate on the margin, glabrous, even, fuliginous-brown, flesh white; lamellae, rather narrow, close, rounded behind, adnexed or nearly free, white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, subfibrillose, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus or a little paler, white tomentose at the base; spores subelliptical, .o003 to .00035 inch long, .coo2 to .o0025 broad, usually containing a single large nucleus. ; : Pileus 1.5 to 2.5 inches broad, stem 1.5 to 2 inches long, 2 to 3 lines thick. Under or near arbor-vitae, Thuja occidentalis. Elizabethtown, Essex county. September. In size and shape this species resembles Collybia dryophila, but its color, which closely resembles that of Lacterius lignyotus, is far different. CLITOPILUS SUBVILIS, N. sp. Pileus thin, centrally depressed or umbilicate, with the margin decurved, hygrophanous, dark-brown and striatulate when moist, grayish-brown and silky-shining when dry; lamellae subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish when young, then flesh-colored; stem slender, brittle, rather long, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, colored like the pileus or a little paler; spores irregular, angular, .c003 to .0004 inches long; odor weak or none, taste farinaceous. Pileus 8 to 15 lines broad, stem 1.5 to 3 inches long, 1 to 2 lines thick. Damp soil in thin woods. Karner, Albany county. October. The species seems to be closely related to Clitopilus whs, from (53) 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM which I have separated it because of its smooth and shining (not flocculose and opaque), pileus and its farinaceous taste. It was discovered in 1884, growing, in company with Entoloma rhodopolium in such a way that it was taken to be a variety of it, and it was’ referred .to that species under the name var. umbtilicatum. This: year it was found plentifully in the same locality, but entirely unaccompanied by E. rhodopolium. A more careful study of it leads me to the conclusion that it is a distinct species. HEBELOMA GLUTINOSUM, Lind. Among fallen leaves and on half buried decaying wood, in ‘thin’ woods. Conklingville. September. In wet weather the gluten is sufficiently copious to fan from the pileus. CORTINARIUS SUBFERRUGINEUS, Fr. Thin woods. Conklingville. September. POLYPORUS DRYOPHILUS, Fr. At the base of oak trees. Conklingville. July. POLYPORUS SINUOSUS, Fr. Decaying wood of maple, Acer saccharinum. Forestburgh, Sullivan county. September. The species is remarkable for and easily known by its sweet and agreeable fragrance, which has been likened to that of licorice. POLYPORUS RADICULOSUS, N. sp. Resupinate, effused, thin, soft, tender, orange-yellow, the mycelum creeping in and over the wood, silky-tomentose, at first white, then yellow, forming numerous yellow branching root-like strings or ribs which are more or less connected by a soft, silky tomentum; pores rather large, angular, at first shallow, sunk in the mycelium, the dissepiments becoming more elevated, thin and fragile; spores elliptical, .coo2 to .oo025 inch long, .coora2 to .00016 broad. Half buried chips of poplar. Populus tremuloides. Gansevoort. September. The species is allied to P. Vaillantii, in its peculiar rhizomor- phoid strings of mycelium, but from this it differs decidedly in its color and texture. In these respects it approaches P. bombycinus, of which it may possibly be a peculiar variety. It is very (54) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 53 destructive to the wood on which it grows, SEMBLE it to become soft, brittle and even friable. HYDNUM VELATUM, B. & C. Decaying wood of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Gansevoort. September. HYDNUM SUBFUSCUM, N. sp. Resupinate, thin, soft, the margin and subiculum beneath white, tomentose, sometimes extended into branching strings of mycelium, the upper surface of the subiculum pale yellowish-brown or dingy- isabelline, when magnified, appearing as if sprinkled with minute shining particles; aculei slender, subulate, very acute, white when young, then with white tips or wholly colored like the subiculum. Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Conklingville. September. In H. himantia, which, in some respects, this species resembles the teeth are described as obtuse and pulverulent. HYDNUM CARBONARIUM, N. sp. Resupinate, very thin, at first floccose-pruinose and white, then - smoky-brown, sometimes retaining a white margin; aculei at first short, then longer, subulate or cylindrical, minutely ciliate at the apex, whitish when young, then smoky-brown. Charred wood. Elizabethtown. September. The species is easily recognized by its peculiar color and by the ciliate or setulose tips of the teeth. It appears as if it had been smoked or scorched. IRPEX AMBIGUUS, N. sp. Resupinate, adnate; subiculum very thin, flocculose-pruinose, white, becoming pallid with age; aculei oblique, somewhat united at the base, minute, very variable, subulate and entire, or com- pressed, acute, truncate, branched, incised or subserrate, white when young, becoming pallid with age. Decaying beech wood and bark. Adirondack mountains. Sep- tember. It forms small irregular or interrupted patches. To the naked eye it resembles Hyduum pallidum, but the teeth are more or less united at the base, thus requiring it to be placed in the genus Irpex. Scarcely any two of them are exactly alike. POROTHELIUM PAPILLATUM, N. sp. Effused, very thin, flocculose-pruinose, white ‘when young, soon pallid or isabelline, subwaxy and often rimose, the margin subin- (55) 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM determinate; verrucae minute, subdistant, at first a limpid globule resting on the subiculum, then slightly prominent, papilliform, colored like the subiculum and crowned with a limpid globule which varies in color from hyaline to amber. ; Decorticated wood of poplar, Populus hoes Elizabeth- town. September. It forms patches several inches in extent. It is apparently related to P. Friesi1, but it is not membranous, the warts are colored like the subiculum and are not immersed in it. THELEPHORA DENDRITICA, Berk. Overspreading the hymenium of effete Polyporus applanatus. Adirondack mountains. September. STEREUM ABIETINUM, Pers. Prostrate trunk of spruce, Abzes nigra. Cascadeville, Adiron- dack mountains. June. Our specimens agree with the description of the species to which we have referred them, but they present some interesting characters not mentioned in that description. It often happens that great perplexity arises because of the incomplete descriptions of some of the older authors. A careful examination of our speci- mens shows the presence of both setae and metuloids, the latter much more numerous than the former. Thus this species does for Stereum, Hymenochete and Peniophora what Dedalea confragosa does for Dedalea, Trametes and Lenzites, as was shown in the thirtieth report. It sets at naught the characters used in dis- tinguishing these genera, and bids defiance to the generic limits assigned in the botanies. To the naked eye, the hymenium in our specimens has a somewhat ‘velvety pruinose’”’ appearance, but _ when examined by the microscope it is found to be abundantly furnished with projecting setiform bodies, some of which are smooth and colored, as in Hymenochzte; others are colorless and rough or minutely warted, as in Peniophora. Sometimes a single one is colorless and warted in the upper part, colored and smooth in the lower. And as if this was not efiough of confusion to our former notions, the hymenium, though dry, becomes rimose as in many species of Cortictum. The fungus sometimes forms patches several inches in extent by the confluence of individuals. It is nearly or quite one line thick, the intermediate stratum being (56) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I918 55 composed of erect fibres. Though dry, it is not very tough. The spores are oblong or subfusiform .0005 to .o007 inch long, .coo2 broad. HYMENOCHATE TENUIS, N. sp. Resupinate, very thin, even, forming elongated, more or less confluent, dark ferruginous patches, concolorous on the determinate margin, inseparable, rimose; setae acute, .oo12 to .o025 inch long. Decorticated wood of arbor-vitae, Thuja occidentalis. Cascade- ville. June. CLAVARIA KROMHOLZI, Fr. Open woods. Brewerton and Adirondack mountains. September. PHYLLOSTICTA LYCOPERSICI, N. sp. Spots large, suborbicular, cinereous; perithecia minute, brown or blackish, opening by a single or sometimes by two pores;: spores abundant, oblong or elliptical, .oo025 to .0003 inch long, .ooor to .coor2 broad. ; Fruit of tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum. Menands, Albany county. July. . PHYLLOSTICTA PHASEOLINA, Sacc. Leaves of cultivated bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Menands. Sep- tember. PHYLLOSTICTA CARY, N. sp. Spots large, irregular, often confluent, at first yellowish, then brown, sometimes becoming grayish in the center; perithecia minute, .oo4 inch broad, punctate, epiphyllous; spores irregularly elliptical, .ooo2 inch long, .oo008 broad. Living leaves of hickory, Carya alba. Piffard. August. PHYLLOSTICTA PHOMIFORMIS, Sacc. Living leaves of white oak, Quercus alba. Sandlake, Rensselaer county. September. PHYLLOSTICTA TUMORICOLA, N. sp. Spots suborbicular, arid, pallid with a reddish or reddish-brown margin, apparently caused by insects; perithecia amphigenous or epiphyllous minute, .oo5 to .oo7 inch broad, depressed, brownish; spores oblong or narrowly elliptical, colorless, .oo04 to .ooo5 inch long, .co02 to .o0025 broad. Living gall-spotted leaves of white oak, Quercus aber Karner. October. In P. phomiformis the spores are much larger than in (57) 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM this species. The spots are centrally punctured and appear to have been produced by the stings of insects. PHYLLOSTICTA POPULINA, Sacc. v. PARVA n. var. Living or languishing leaves of necklace poplar, Populus mon- ilifera. Menands. October. Spots very small, orbicular, white, with a brown border; peri- thecia one to four on a spot. PHYLLOSTICTA SPERMOIDES, N. sp. Spots suborbicular, brown or cinereous with a brown border; sometimes confluent; perithecia minute, .oo14 to .0025 inch broad, numerous, hypophyllous, blackish; spores minute, cylindrical, .ooo2 inch long. Living leaves of wild grape vine, Vitis riparia. Gansevoort. September. PHYLLOSTICTA FAGINEA, N. sp. Spots suborbicular, small, often seriate or subconfluent, and arranged in rows parallel to the veins of the leaf, cinereous or reddish-gray, with a reddish-brown border or wholly reddish-brown, subferruginous beneath; perithecia few, epiphyllous, minute, .003 inch broad, black; spores ovate or elliptical, .c003 to .ooo4 inch long, .od02 to .coo25 broad. Living leaves of beech, Fagus ferruginea. Argusville and Elizabethtown. September. PHYLLOSTICTA VAGANS, N. sp. Spots none; perithecia minute, .003 to .0035 inch broad, amphigenous, numerous, occupying the whole leaf, black; spores very minute, spermatoid, .ooo12 inch long, .oooo4 broad, sometimes oozing out and forming a white globule. Dead leaves of Smilacina racemosa. Conklingville. September. This is a very anomalous species. But for the very short minute spores, it would accord better with Septoria than Phyl- losticta. ; PHYLLOSTICTA FATISCENS, N. sp. Spots rather large, suborbicular, pallid, generally marked by one or more elevated concentric lines, at length cracking around the margin and separating, wholly or in part, from the uninjured tissues of the leaf; perithecia minute, .oo4 inch broad, epiphyllous, (58) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 57 at first pale, then brownish; spores oblong, straight or slightly curved, .00025 to .ooo4 inch long, .ooo12 to .ooo16 broad. Living leaves of yellow pond lily, Nuphar advena. Argusville, Schoharie county. July. PHYLLOSTICTA SYMPHORICARPI, West. Living leaves of snowberry, Symphoricarpus racemosus. Cana- joharie, Montgomery county. July. PHOMA MAGNIFRUCTA, N. sp. Perithecia small, .oo5 to .o0o7 inch broad, scattered, subglobose, erumpent, black; spores oblong-fusiform, .coog to .oor2 inch long; .0003 to .oo04 broad; sporophores short. Cone scales of arbor-vitae, Thuja occidentalis. Kecne Essex county. June. This species is readily distinguished from others inhabiting cone scales by its large spores. PHOMA LEGUMINUM, West. Legumes of locust, Robinia pseudacacia. Piffard. August. » PHOMA OLERACEA, Sacc. v. DIPSACI Sacc. Dead stems of teasel, Dipsacus sylvestris. Wallington, Wayne county. September. PHOMA EUPYRENA Sacc. Dead potato stems. Menands. October. PHOMA POPULI, N. sp. Perithecia minute, .o03 to .co4 inch broad, epiphyllous, grega- rious, black, opening by a large pore; spores cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, .0006 to .o008 inch long, .coo12 broad. Dead leaves of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Elizabethtown. september. PHOMA HERBARUM, West. Dead stems of wormwood, Artemisia vulgaris. Port Henry. June. PHOMA CASTANEA, N. sp. Perithecia numerous, surrounding the branch, .o11 to O14 inch broad, erumpent, black; spores minute, oblong or cylindrical, .00025 to .0003 inch long, .co006 to .ocooe8 broad; sporophores short. Dead branches of chestnut, Castanea vesca. Sandlake. May. 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM APOSPHZERIA CONICA, Sacc. Decaying oak wood. Piffard. August. CYTOSPORA GRANDIS, N. sp. Pustules large, two to three lines broad, ellipsoid or suborbicular, scar-like, ferruginous from the ruptured bark; loculi numerous; spores minute, curved, .ooo2 inch long. Dead bark of sumach, Rhus typhina. Gansevoort. September. HAPLOSPORELLA PINI, N. sp. Perithecia valsoid, caespitose, three to five in a cluster, sunk in the inner bark, erumpent; spores globose or subelliptical, colored, .0005 to .co06 inch long. Dead bark of white pine, Pinus Strobus. Elizabethtown. June DIPLODIA PAUPERCULA, B. & Br. Dead branches of elder, Sambucus Canadensis. Adirondack mountains. June. | DIPLODIA ASPARAGI, N. sp. Perithecia gregarious, subglobose, minute, opening by a papillate pore, black; spores elliptical, colored, .coo8 to .oo1r inch long, .0005 broad. Dead stems of asparagus. Menands. October. STAGONOSPORA CHENOPODII, N. sp. Spots few, large, brown or yellowish-brown; perithecia minute, .004 to .oo5 inch broad, black; spores oblong, obtuse, biseptate or triseptate, constricted at the septa, colorless, .coo8 to .oor inch long, .0003 to .ooo4 broad. Living leaves of goose-foot, Chenopodium album. Menands. August. SEPTORIA STACHYDIS, R. & D. Living leaves of hedge nettle, Stachys aspera. Port Kent. June. SEPTORIA FUSCA, N. sp. Spots blackish-brown, indefinite, occupying the lobes of the leaves or their margins; perithecia epiphyllous, black; spores - filiform, straight, slightly curved or flexuous, .0016 to .o02 inch long. Living or languishing leaves of wormwood, ETE vulgaris. Port Henry, June. It differs from S. Artemisiae in its indefinite spots and longer | spores. (60) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 59 SEPTORIA STELLARIA, R. & D. Living or languishing leaves of chickweed, Stellaria media’ Aden Lair, Adirondack mountains. June. SEPTORIA SIBIRICI, Thum. Living leaves of fetid currant, Ribes prostratum. Adirondack mountains. September. SEPTORIA SOLIDAGINICOLA, N. sp. Spots small, angular, white or whitish on the upper surface, darker beneath, surrounded by a brown or reddish brown border; perithecia few, usually one or two on a spot, epiphyllous, sub- globose, blackish; spores linear, straight, subacute, simple, .oor to .0016 inch long, .ocoo16 broad. Living leaves of goldenrod, Solidago arguta. Cobble hill, near Elizabethtown. September. Distinguished from S. Solidaginis by its longer continuous spores, which are neither septate nor nucleate. SEPTORIA BREVIS, N. sp. Spots none; perithecia scattered, epiphyllous, minute, .o03 to .004 inch broad, opening widely, black; spores short, .o0o04 to .0005 inch long, .oo006 broad, straight or slightly curved. Dead leaves of Solidago virgaurea v. alpina. Mt. Marcy. June. Distinct from other species inhabiting solidago, by its very short spores, which resemble somewhat the allantoid spores of species of Valsa. SEPTORIA POPULICOLA, N. sp. Spots suborbicular, reddish or brownish red with a narrow blackish border on the upper surface, grayish on the lower; perithecia hypophyllous, few, pale, opening widely; spores filiform, curved, two to four-septate, .0025 to .o03 inch long, .coo12 to .coo16 broad. ; Living leaves of balm of Gilead, Populus balsamifera. Keene. June. Distinguished from other species found on poplar by its long pluriseptate spores. The perithecia are but slightly developed. SEPTORIA SMILACIN&, E. & M. Languishing leaves of Smilacina racemosa. Sandlake. Septem- ber. (61) 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PILIDIUM GRAMINICOLA, N. sp. - Perithecia minute, .oo8 to .o14 inch broad, depressed, erum- pent, orbicular or hysteriform, membranous, opening widely, black, the disk whitish, the mouth laciniate-dentate; spores oblong or subfusiform, colorless, triseptate, .oo12 to .oo16 inch long, .c004 to .c0045 broad; sporophores short, colorless. Dead leaves of blue joint, Calamagrostis Canadensis. Mount Marcy. June. GLE@OSPORIUM LINDEMUTHIANUM, Sacc. Living bean pods, especially of the butter or wax bean. Menands. August. An injurious fungus that produces brown spots on the pods, thus spoiling their appearance and diminishing their value. GLC@OSPORIUM SEPTORIOIDES, Sacc. Living leaves of white oak, Quercus alba. Gansevoort. Sep- tember. GL@OSPORIUM ROBERGEI, Desm. Living leaves of water beech, Carpinus Americana. Gansevoort. September. MELANCONIUM BETULINUM, Schm. Dead bark of white birch, Betula populifolia. Menands. Sep- tember. Distinguished from M. bicolor by its longer spores. MELANCONIUM DIMORPHUM, N. sp. Pustules small, subcutaneous, slightly prominent, subconical, black, containing a small white stroma; spores of two forms, one narrow, cylindrical, straight or curved, .0003 to .coo4 inch long, .co008 broad, the other oblong, elliptical or subfusiform, colored, .0004 to .coo5 inch long, .oco2 to .c0025 broad, oozing out in a black mass or in tendrils. Dead branches of alder, Alnus viridis. Adirondack mountains. June. Remarkable for the two kinds of spores. In some pustules the broader spores are more numerous, in others the narrower ones, but both kinds were found in all the pustules examined. Can the narrow ones be broken or effete sporophores? (62) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 61 MARSONIA POPULI, Sacc. Living leaves of Populus monilifera. Menands. July. -CORYNEUM TUMORICOLA, N. sp. Spots scattered, suborbicular, pallid with a reddish-brown border, apparently produced by insects; heaps epiphyllous, minute, dot- like, unequal, black; spores oblong, triseptate, colored, .oc04 to .coo5 inch long, .oo016 broad, at length breaking from the sporophores. Living leaves of elm, Ulmus Americana. Adirondack moun- tains. July. The spots in this instance, as in that of Phyllosticta tumoricola, appear to be due to the stings of insects. A central aperture or puncture is visible in the spot and the fungus occurs on only a part of them. SCOLECOSPORIUM FAGI, Lib. Dead branches of alder, Alnus incana. Elizabethtown. Sep- tember. The typical form occurs on beech, but I find no essential differences in the form on alder. Massaria macrosperma, the ascigerous form, has not yet been observed with us. PESTALOZZIA JEFFERISII, Ellis. Leaves of wild grape, Vitis riparia. Gansevoort. September. The fungus occurs on spots which are apparently produced by a sterile Rhytisma. MONILIA MARTINI, E. & S. Old corn cobs. Menands. September. MONILIA CINEREA, Bon. On plums. Sandlake. Closely related to Momnila fructigena, with which the species has been united by some authors. RAMULARIA BARBAREZ&, N. sp. Spots suborbicular, arid, white, generally bordered by a slightly thickened brown line; flocci amphigenous, either short and branched or longer and simple; spores oblong or cylindrical, often catenulate, rarely uniseptate, .0004 to .ooog inch long, .coo12 to .ooo16 broad. Living leaves of winter cress, Barbarea vulgaris. Highland Mills and Port Henry. June. (63) 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM _ This species is closely related to R. Armoraciae, from which it may be distinguished by the whiter mostly margined spots, the shorter hyphae and the catenulate spores. CONIOSPORIUM PUNCTOIDEUM, Karst. Decorticated wood of arbor vitae, Thuja occidentalis. Adirondack mountains. June. CLADOSPORIUM APHIDES, Thum. Dead aphides of Phragmites communis. Bergen Swamp. June. CLADOSPORIUM ASPARAGI, Fr. . Dead stems of asparagus. Menands. October. CLADOSPORIUM BREVIPES, N. sp. Spots suborbicular, cinereous; flocci densely caespitose, short, .oot to .oo1s5 inch long, dark olivaceous, almost black in the mass, amphigenous, septate; spores terminal, elliptical, .coo5 to .0006 inch long, .0003 to .coo4 broad. Living leaves of white oak, Quercus alba. Menands. July. This species forms minute compact tufts, so distinct and well defined that they might easily be mistaken for perithecia. CLADOSPORIUM LETIFERUM, N. sp. Spots dark brown, irregular, large, often involving the whole leaf; tufts epiphyllous, subeffused, olive. green, the hyphae very short, almost obsolete; spores oblong-pyriform, uniseptate or biseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, .ooo8 to .oo12 inch long, .0003 broad. Living leaves of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Keene. June. This fungus often kills the leaves it attacks. When the spores have a single septum the two cells are unequal; when they have two septa the middle cell is generally larger than the terminal ones. The species differs from C. Asteroma in the shape and char- acter of the spores and in its more effused habit. CERCOSPORA ACETOSELL, Ellis. Living leaves of yellow dock, Rumex crispus. Elizabethtown. ~ September. Our specimens differ slightly from the type and may be designated variety maculosa. Spots numerous, small, suborbicular, grayish, (64) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 63 surrounded by an elevated margin and a brownish-red border; spores at length with one or two septa. MACROSPORIUM TOMATO, Cke. Decaying fruit of tomato. Menands. October. PILACRE ORIENTALIS, B. & Br. Dead bark of alders, Alnus incana. Elizabethtown. September. In our specimens the sporiferous branches are sometimes elon- gated and flexuous and the young plant wholly white, in which respects they differ from the typical form of the species. But the stem soon becomes cinereous and finally the whole plant is umber- brown. Young plants sometimes grow from the base of old ones, sometimes from the head. GRAPHIUM SORBI, N. sp. Spots generally small, one or two lines broad, orbicular, definite, - reddish-brown; stems hypophyllous, rather stout, equal or slightly tapering upward, the component flocci diverging and colorless at the apex; spores oblong, hyaline, .oo08 to .oo1 inch long, .o0025 to..oo08 broad, sometimes with two to four minute nuclei. Living leaves of mountain ash, Pyrus Americana. Adirondack mountains. July. ISARIOPSIS ALBOROSELLA, Sacc. Living or languishing leaves of chickweed, Cerastium vulgatum. Keene. July. I find only uniseptate spores in our specimens. -FUSARIUM LYCOPERSICI, Sacc. Fruit of the tomato. Menands. August. A malady affects the fruit: of the tomato. In the vicinity of Albany, the past season, the first ripening tomatoes were found almost invariably to be soft and decaying. A brown or discolored spot, usually located at the flowering end of the fruit, appears to be the origin and center of the disease. This spot often makes its appearance while the fruit is yet green. This Fusarium soon develops on this spot, appearing in the form of minute pallid dots, or in more effused patches which are of a pinkish or an orange hue. With advancing age it assumes a more or less brownish hue. If the affected tomato be cut open its inner flesh often exhibits a (65) 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM peculiar purplish tint. In a short time the white flocculent threads of the fungus appear on the cut surface, soon to be followed by the more waxy and colored patches of spores, thus showing that the mycelium has permeated the diseased flesh of the tomato. The affected tomatoes become very watery and any surface on which a diseased tomato lies, soon becomes wet from the exuding juices. From the constancy with which this fungus appears in connection with the disease, it would appear that it might be regarded as the cause of the decay, but there are circumstances that point to some more subtle agent of the mischief. Further investigation is neces- sary to determine satisfactorily the source of the disease. PEZIZA TRUNCICOMES, Ger. Decaying prostrate trunks of deciduous trees. Knowersville, Albany county. May. PEZIZA ALBOVIOLASCENS, A. & S. Old chestnut rails. Conklingville. September. HELOTIUM EPISPHERICUM, N. sp. Receptacle minute, .o12 to .o2 inch broad, gregarious, subsessile, at first subhyaline, then reddish-yellow, the disk nearly plane, asci subcylindrical; spores oblong or lanceolate, .ooo2 to .coo25 inch long, .ooor to .ooor2 broad. - On old Hypoxylon Morser. Elizabethtown. September. It resembles H. citrinum in habit, but is very much smaller. ASCOMYCES LETIFER, N. sp. Indefinite, hypophyllous, often occupying the whole lower surface of the leaf and suffusing it with a glaucous bloom; asci cylindrical, obtuse or subtruncate, .cor16 to .oo2 inch long, .o006 to .qo08 broad; spores minute, varying from narrowly elliptical to subglobose, .00016 to .ooo2 inch long, .oo008 to .coor2 broad. _ Living leaves of mountain maple bush, Acer spicatum. Eliza- bethtown. June. The species is very distinct from A. polysporus, which forms definite spots. The attacked leaves soon turn black, wither and die. Sometimes all the leaves on a branch are affected and the fungus then causes a veritable blight. (66) REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I918 65 ASCOMYCES RUBROBRUNNEUS, N. sp. _ Spots definite, variable, small and suborbicular or large and irregular, sometimes confluent, usually concave above, convex below, dull reddish-brown above, paler below; asci oblong, trun- . cate at the apex, .o02 to .o03 inch long, .o006 to .coog broad; spores minute, subelliptical, .coor2 to .o0016 inch long, .0006 to .0008 broad. Living leaves of red oak, Quercus rubra. Sandlake. September. In some respects this approaches A. alutarius, from which the color of the spots, larger asci and different shape of the spores will distinguish it. 3 ERYSIPHE HORRIDULA, Lev. . Abundant on corn gromwell, Lithospermum arvense. Port Henry. June. Our specimens were too young when collected to show the spore characters, and are to this extent doubtful. CALOSPHZRIA CILIATULA, Karst. Dead trunks and branches of white birch, Betula populsfolia. Menands. September. VALSA THUJZ, N. sp. Pustules scattered, slightly prominent, closely covered by the epidermis; perithecia nestling in the inner bark, subcircinate, five to ten in a pustule; asci oblong-clavate, .oo14 to .0016 inch long: spores allantoid, .co04 to .oo05 inch long, .coe08 to .coor broad. Dead branches of arbor vitae, Thuja TOLER Elizabethtown. September. ; VALSA EXUDANS N en Perithecia collected in a cortical stroma, thin, crowded, angular, closely covered by the pustulately elevated, irregularly ruptured epidermis, ostiola obscure or concealed beneath the defiled epidermis; asci very slender, cylindrical, .oo16 inch long, .coo16 broad; spores minute, oblong, straight, colored, .ooo2 inch long, oozing out and staining the surface of the matrix. sop a ee Dead bark of alders, Alnus incana. Elizabethtown. September. ’ This is an anamolous species and does not agree well with the generic characters. The straight, colored-and oozing spores are unusual and Peels features. OT 2a (67) 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM VALSELLA ADHERENS, Fckl. Corticated trunk and branches of white birch, Betula populifolia Sandlake. September. In our plant the disk is often whitish or grayish from the adhering remains of the epidermis; the perithecia are five to twelve in a. pustule and the spores are colored in the mass. It is apparently a variety of the species and may be called var. Americana. VALSELLA LASCHII, Sacc. Dead whitened twigs of Acer spicatum. Port Henry. June. In our specimens the black stroma is apparent through the translucid epidermis, and the white disk, though small, is plainly seen by contrast. The asci are very broad, .co16 to .oo2 inch long, .0005 to .0006 broad. This form may be designated as var. acerina. DIATRYPELLA QUERCINA, Nits. Dead branches of thorn, Crataegus tomentosa. Elizabethtown. September. Although occurring on thorn branches, there does not appear to be any good characters for separating this fungus from the species to which I have referred it. SPHARELLA MINUTISSIMA, N. sp. Perithecia very numerous, occupying the whole lower surface of the leaf, very minute, .002 to .oo25 inch broad, veiled by the epider- mis, black; asci oblong or slightly narrowed toward the apex, .0o16 to .co2 inch long, .c003 to .coc4 broad; spores crowded, oblong, straight, obscurely septate in the middle, .coo6 to .c007 inch long, .oo016 broad. Dead leaves of alder, Alnus incana. Adirondack mountains. June. The perithecia are scarecly visible to the naked eye. The affected leaves remain on the branches through the winter. They had not yet fallen in June. SPHZERELLA ANLICOLA, N. sp. Perithecia small, .0035 to .oo45 inch broad, hypophyllous, clus- tered or scattered, naked, black; asci oblong or subclavate, .oo2 to .0025 inch long, .ooo5 to .0006 broad; spores crowded, lanceolate, (68) “on —— SS ee Ee CCl Oe REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 67 uniseptate, often slightly curved, .ooog to .oo11 inch long, .co016 broad. | | Dead leaves of alder, Alnus viridis. Mt. Marcy. June. The spores are narrowed toward one end and septate in the middle. The species is evidently distinct from S. Alvi viridis in its larger exposed perithecia, in the shape of its spores and in wanting a dematiaceous stroma. Apparently the same species was found near Elizabethtown, but without fruit. SPHARELLA PONTEDERIZ, N. sp. Spots rather large, six to ten lines long, oblong or elliptica’. sometimes confluent, brown above, blackish brown or grayish brown below; perithecia minute, .003 inch broad, hypophyllous, black; asci oblong or subfusiform, .oco2 to .o0025 inch long, .o005 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong-clavate, uniseptate, sometimes quadrinucleate, .coo6 to .oo08 inch long, .co02 to .00025 broad. Languishing leaves of pickerel weed, Pontederia cordata. White- hall, Washington county. September. Apparently related to S. Caladii, but with longer spores and different spots. SPHZRELLA PINSAPO, Thum. Fallen leaves of arbor-vitae. Port Henry. June. DIAPORTHE SULPHUREA, Fckl. Dead stems and branches of hazelnut, Corylus rostrata. Ganse- voort. September. This species is easily recognized by the beautiful yellow spurious stroma that extends everywhere under the epidermis of the affected branches. DIAPORTHE (CHOROSTATE) FARINOSA, N. sp. Stroma somewhat pulverulent or mealy, dull buff colored, formed of the slightly changed inner bark, erumpent in a minute slightly exserted disk; perithecia valsoid, irregularly circinating, generally four to ten in a circle, the clusters subconfluent, ostiola black, dotting the prominent pulverulent buff colored or at length brownish disk; asci subcylindrical, .co24 to .003 inch long, .00035 to .coo4 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong or subfusiform, uniseptate, generally quadrinucleate, .oo06 to .0008 inch long, .oco16 to .coo2 broad. (69) 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM - Dead branches of basswood, Tilia Americana. Argusville. July. This species approaches D. furfuracea in its pulverulent stroma, but it differs in its prominent disk, which renders the affected branches rough to the touch, and in its smaller quadrinucleate crowded or biseriate spores. From D. velata it is easily separated by the entire absence of any black circumscribing line or blackened surface. It evidently belongs to the subgenus Chorostate, but the clusters of perithecia are so numerous and so closely and almost confluently placed that they form an almost continuous stratum which surrounds the branch and extends long distances under the epidermis. MELANCONIELLA DECORAHENSIS, Ellis. Dead bark of white birch, Betula populifolia. Gansevoort. September. In the typical form the disk is described as “sordid gray.”’ In our specimens, both it and the stroma are yellowish green and pulverulent. On the smaller branches the disk is smaller and the ostiola are less prominent than on the larger ones. When the epidermis is torn away the perithecia adhere to it. The young spores are colorless and subacute at each end. The mature ones are colored, obtuse and constricted at the septum. The conidia ooze out and form orbicular black patches one to two lines broad. These are very conspicuous by reason of the con- trast between their color and the white color of the matrix. VALSARIA NIESSLII, Sacc. Dead bark of white birch, Betula populifoha. Menands. Sep- tember. LEPTOSPHAERIA ASPARAGI, N. sp. Perithecia broadly conical, .o1 to .o14 inch broad, at first covered by the pierced epidermis, then naked, black; asci clavate or cylin- drical, short pedicellate, .oo3 to .co4 inch long, .oo045 to .c006 broad; spores oblong or subfusiform, crowded, .coo8 to .cor2 inch long, .oo03 broad, at first colorless and triseptate, then slightly colored and five-septate, constricted at the septa. ».Dead stems of asparagus. Menands. October. MASSARIA PYRI, Otth. Bark of pear and apple trees. Albany. May. (70) i a e. > e REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 69 PLEOSPORA SHEPHERDIZ, N. sp. Perithecia scattered, small, .or4 to .o18 inch broad, covered by the epidermis, erumpent, black; asci cylindrical, .006 to .oo8 inch long, .co06 broad; spores uniseriate, oblong,: generally triseptate, rarely five-septate, with one or two longitudinal septa, constricted in the middle, colored, .o008 to .oo1 inch long, .0003 to .oo04 broad. Dead branches of Sherpherdia Canadensis. Port Henry. June. DOTHIDELLA ALNI, N. sp. Stroma orbicular, one to three lines broad, thin, convex and black above, concave, brown or grayish-black and papillosely rugulose below; asci cylindrical; spores ovate-elliptical, obscurely uniseptate near one end, colorless, .o006 to .co08 inch long, .0003 to .00035 broad. Dead leaves of Alnus wridis. Mt. Marcy. June. The spores are very unequally divided, the smaller cells appearing like an umbo. LOPHIOTREMA VESTITA, N. sp. Perithecia closely gregarious, small, .or4 to .o2 inch broad, sunk in the wood, erumpent, conical, clothed with a slight tawny-ferru- ginous pulverulent tomentum, ostiola naked, black, subterete or compressed; asci clavate, .oo6 to .oo7 inch long, .c006 to .0007 broad; spores crowded, subfusiform, at first biconic and uniseptate, then triseptate or quadrinucleate, constricted in the middle, colorless, 0012 to .oo16 inch long, .0003 to .oo04 broad. Decorticated wood of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Gansevoort. September. Readily distinguished by the tawny, pulverulent tomentum of the perithecia. LOPHIOTREMA PARASITICA, N. sp. _ Perithecia crowded, subsuperficial, .or4 to .o2 inch broad, clothed with a minute subcervine pulverulent tomentum, becoming blackish- brown with age, the ostiola prominent, subterete or compressed, clothed like the perithecia; asci subclavate, .oo5 to .006 inch long, .0006 to .o007 broad; spores crowded, at first biconic, then triseptate, constricted in the middle, colorless, .oo12 to .oo16 inch long, .c003 broad. On old Hypoxylon Morset. Elizabethtown. September. This and the preceding species appear to be peculiar by reason of the pulverulent tomentum of the perithecia. They would seem to constitute a distinct section of the genus. (71) - 79 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM (D.) NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS THALICTRUM PURPURASCENS, L. A singular Thalictrum was found on the shore of Lake Champlain, near Port Henry. Its leaves were thin and delicate, quite small, and five to seven-lobed, resembling those of Thalictrum dioicum. Some had a general petiole, others had none. The flowers were almost dioecious, the anthers resembling those of Thalictrum purpurascens, though perhaps they were a little more slender and more strongly mucronate. The plants had the general aspect of T. purpurascens, except the leaves, which resembled more those of T. diotcum. T. dioicum in the same locality was past flowering, it being now the middle of June, and had developed its fruit to full size. Whether this plant is a hybrid between T. dioicum and T. purpurascens, or a variety of the latter, or a distinct species, is a question to be solved. Similar forms have been regarded by Professor Trelease as hybrids. NASTURTIUM LACUSTRE, Gr. Black creek, near Bergen. ARABIS DRUMMONDII, Gr. Port Henry. A form with spreading pods. GEUM RIVALE, L. A form with pale yellow or cream-colored flowers was collected in the Adirondack mountains. It is not rare in that locality. RIBES CYNOSBATI, L. A very lax form of this plant occurs at Cascadeville, in the Adirondack mountains. The branches are long and slender, and the flowers are much scattered and very long pedicelled. It is associated in this locality with Rzbes rotundifolum, R. lacustre and R. prostratum. . 5 tcs0os0- cases 5 ou I Aematnobu ws epien ne t tt (Blackwall) 29.540. ..e04eesesccrie ons: I MCE SHp) ay tect Cel cait Wis! ClErche. aA ties 5 eve w cise sire a aha 4 ap ee)e stag oe os I Mmamventsrana bes cas. (Walekenaer) i060. 5 lesa dea we ss eeos cnn 2 Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer....................2020-. I ‘ Feed Ole lS Lactetiy ee lve xy (EVERILZ) se) pe clelatons bie: clare, oyevai alos cae sav hat sie es I ; Mvisituicds ehewma nis Keyserlingss . joi luce ect i sles icles ya ence 2 4 Mrassodesimes lect ws (Keyserling) io 10 sic es os eee tepec ne 2 I F Canvai pho siay eleva nitiea Keyserling ys)... .Jca+ oouce sacsseeci ee ees I 4 les Onan tliat evar, ay (RICTLZ)i2 eyes dacteaicle co dsfsih oo dlc Seure-dacek «s I TEE Ma rteceny irc: WialGKENAGI swim sho Pees hetieve.o'e ale suet afoele.che peal sles 6 I : Drokonve des fon tan wis Wmertonls: 0/62 sce ced sade ati sce dees 7 Crliitbiatomiauo bieisia. HentZan\yecaniten vis aa aouesls apctegra ieare See ates, tc I Bavae Osa esi LOisia iW alekenaer ys. .teys ote dcaiste sae ojacetlbjie sahara chiles 3 a6 I Payicosia, tomdd cola, Bmertom i242. 66 .tels «cena ls depouieed oe Rar se MAC ONS lainey Maman WiGICKeEN ACh ane .8 A hors, aaveiane Greraai sve SRA cleveland tee e's § I gq preCLOLSicemel So) OPS PROTO: oreo ct rey sieraicheye alah: Aas/evcreQaiee Oe adele salem ees I From Valcour island, Lake Champlain. List of species Hyptiotes cavatus (Hentz) Amaurobius bennetti (Blackwall) Dictyna volucripes Keyserling Scotolathys pallida (Marx) Cesonia bilineata (Hentz) Dipoena nigra (Emerton) Euryopis funebris (Hentz) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Steatoda borealis (Hentz) Theridion differens Emerton Theridionfrondeum Hentz @ Theridion spirale Emerton Theridion tepidariorum C. Koch Ceratinella brunnea Emerton Ceraticelus fissiceps (Cambridge) Ceraticelus laetabilis (Cambridge) Grammonota pictilis (Cambridge) Linyphia marginata C. Koch Linyphia phrygiana C. Koch Araneus arabescus (Walckenaer) Araneus benjaminus (Walckenaer) Araneus cornutus Clerck Araneus patagiatus Clerck Araneus trifolium (Hentz) Argiope aurantia Lucas Argiopetrifasciata (Forskal) Cyclosa conica (Pallas) Mangora gibberosa (Hentz) Meta menardi (Latreille) Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer Tetragnatha extensa (Linn) Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz Misumena vatia (Clerck) Philodromus exilis Banks Philodromus pernix Blackwall Thanatus coloradensis Keyserling Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer) Xysticus versicolor (Keyserling) Castaneira descripta (Hentz) Agelena naevia Walckenaer Cicurina brevis (Emerton) Cicurnia pallida Keyserling Phrurolithus sp. Coelotescalcaratus Keyserling Coelotes montanus Emerton: Coras medicinalis (Hentz) Dolomedes fontanus Emerton Dolomedestenebrosus Hentz Lycosa frondicola Emerton Lycosa pratensis Emerton Pardosa lapidicina Emerton Dendryphantes marginatus (Walckenaer) Evarcha hoyi (Peckham) Habrocestum pulex (Hentz) Neon nellii Peckham REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 97 ACCESSIONS TO ZOOLOGY DEPARTMENT DURING 1918 Donation Mollusca Number Wheat, Silas C., Brooklyn oe ee moernodonta implicata Say; Park Lake, Brooklyn, N, Y.......... I Meatorina littorea Linn Jamaica Bay.. tac... 0.2 ec... oe ene 6 Meu lOMmM trivelt ta tiaisay, pay Villess 2 fi... se sees ole meen 6 Penslecii acca uid-a tad cay bayvalle. co. shen oi los Ye eave date dad sees 6 Hemimactra daytoni Wheat; Raritan Bay off Staten Island.... 6 Reptiles and Amphibians Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, Rochester _ Map-turtle,Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur) from Ironde- BepBsoet MIS ON MINED N Gerster teehee afta ec tes is Th seein et orate A ana ale ssc a suerte oie euel's wars I Cook, A. W., Albany _ ‘Tree toad, sp. From Havana, Cuba. Found in a bunch of bananas, July 1918. . Birds tupp, Frederick J., Auburn Black vulture, Catharista urubu (Vieillot) Adult male........ I Captured in the town of Victory, Cayuga county, April 11, 1911 Donor unknown Barred owl, Strix varia varia.Barton. Adult female........... I Taken in Albany county, November 20, 1918 Platt, Francis B., Elsmere _ _ Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus virginianus (Gmelin) PNcienligheraal cope ter eWeek paca AM ae vas Oh cae ur hae wu ees Bite I Taken at Feura Bush, November 22, 1918 Lynam, Mrs H. D., Troy Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis (Linn) Female 1 Purchase . Birds Watts, E. A., Canandaigua ~ PeaaOwleA Lice piraitin cola (Bonaparte)... s.sc.th. ee eee ee I Long-eared owl, Asio wilsonianus (Lesson)................-00- I Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan)................. I ecdrOwleis thi x Wialt lav ati a Barton. 03... 2 wlsctie sk eu toes I Great gray owl, Scotiaptex nebulosa nebulosa (J.R. Forster) I Saw-whet owl, Cryptoglaux acadica acadica (Gmelin).... 1 perecch owl, Otus asio asio (Linn).....:..... BOR oh weakens deter I Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus virginianus (Gmelin) 1 All specimens taken in the vicinity of Canandaigua. 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Barker, Fred, Parker’s Prairie, Minn. Mounted specimens of the following species: Black tern, Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis Ca Adult malerand! immatureimaleys. 4). eee eee eee eee Cooper’s hawk, Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte) Immature foment I Northern pileated woodpecker, Phoeotomus pileatus abieti- Veola (anges) Adult) male and female...) ... san eee Magnolia warbler, Dendroica magnolia (Wilson) Adult male. Pipit, Anthus rubescens (Tunstall) Adult male ease Donation Mammals Van Slyke, Bronk, Ravena Woodchuck, Marmota monax rufescens Howell. Black phase. Liske, Charles J., West Coxsackie Woodchuck, Marmota monax rufescens Howell. Albino..... Slater, Leland S., Cairo Red squirrel, Sciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben) Albino. Imma- tute male... Go. seine gence gee cie sete ies sic pals Ot Rn Goldring, Winifred, Slingerlands Mouse, Mus musculus musculus Linn. Albino.............. Captured in State Education Building, Albany Little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus (Le Conte).. Purchase Mammals Horne’s Zoological Arena Co., Kansas City, Mo. Timber wolves, Canis occidentalis (Richardson) Adult pair and six half grown young from Montana... ..\.... .. 1. eee eee Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, Rochester Beaver, Castor canadensis canadensis Kuhl. Two adult, two half srownl and two) younes.c... 2c oe + oils 0] 0 0 «| \vie leila senioiinMal\siin ite it eis iallsiinmtel cee! @, © 8's. © ©) » @ © ee © © © 6) © ©) 6) is) © 6) \0| © (0) 0") wife! «¢ «| 0. «© «6 06) (0) \s/ iv) a) wv taile)t i iel fall miiwitaleiee! ne 0 ee © & lee Je © eee 0 0 © ae le) 6 0) s 0) @- 6. 0) © 8) feo 00) -0 0 oa ie 0 ot) se) safe (e lefhcaiuvilielisll pity ll aint pitaiin Pipe bowlsese. fase elonceafs-ae watekae eyed oe ug a Ate coe Pipe fragments Shell ornament 235905 9, Owen ORS uk oe OS Clay pipe stems Pipe SteMSs .e:.8 cic.a visi weve eal oe ne Haw ewes eh ee omBurtle Sil atale, osc 0 ula eha OU bane ote gi 4 6 Sere) ols al oll eh Trade Axe: fice enccdes va. cel asd ae Sadeees Bees ae Triangle points : 5 .sPb eos beetenge ciacces oe Gye sos los ac Sharpening stones Be erie! oe) ee 6 0 (6) 0 «(| wo» os a, 00 «8/0 © a 0 0) (e) 6 ©, 0| ms 0) 01 ‘sl (vw lel eletmiinie in iiuneMeiiaitel Pe SO OS TT TT Rochester Junction, Monroe county 60 00 18 6 8 0 a [5 0 0) a m0 0 2 0 6 0. pv 0 elie 6 le #1 616 m els) vo) 0\ 0) ss olga) elle o pl ise) slralulee taltnl tol pitenin Senn MCC nC n ONC CEOS nC ONDE EONOECnO ner mOnQErir cst sUECatEc! UsCECECn OEE OnOnO OO oO 0 OO Beveled celt Bear’s teeth = N COs & ON OO 8 ee Se eH Se NOR RW SB KS RR SSS eS PWOH HUN NDADHA HH oO = = -» REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 TEVSEIP (DBRS Scco.S ch a Ch el EAI res ea a A A EMRIGSEG ISTIC CTIGGRENEENC cclertcr Seu ye Bo ncn ie ie at AOU TER hu SU tk RRP ee ol ee onl onic wR Mats ei e es « See ee “PE DBE Bille. s ShvcS SRM ee ee cee ea INE Pen a Te PC eA UIST p OO pp tre 2 Shastry icy See asl iis, s aN neta se) kms Sar dac sgh oeaie GREET TERTIE 5 5-5 a Gedve SR Re SIRE RER RE cosa FESR SNe oa i: SUR ir fy A en ge A ene RC ASSRBICAU SA (OOS) eine aces eee eee este cud eis cia loua Ligases stn, # dado etna ar tromiamplement... 2... 3.6. 25. Ss Sy oe cach sae ene ASA, ery cs RPE RSE ORES Pa Bone implement......... oh EEL ON EEO Dar te aie Mees eRe ae ee aa ES Ra Brasssand copper pendants. | 225 6k. fic. cee ele cde tee ad bua a ode gw eleneree One RON CCEU ERO ESE tus toys reer hc el neas teas on enc asiee th Sneha re le tian aus eeeeibeg EMIMMEmIMOM TASS UDCAGSS c..5 2 Sete ne sud aes be Seedla Siee ale sole edupuet ate che RAYCOM |NOTREs iG! eB ooo ta! a caOM Os cuchic CE AGREE OY cree ears Esa ee en Pe P06 SEC ene “Egle esi aan A cei Ia et Sa ae EOS RSTO 5S bos SES ee steer ein pret ee te ll epee he acta cc net ee ets rls tae cba oe ne Banletela cyt: GRIEG Soe: ccsk TSPAGIS BSB, Saad orl hols AO Sloe Cor GLE cee ne Re Ra REA SRR eine ete ee aan Bearers eR DOlmis merry mat een eno yst ate na ok ta ea regains aye drcrance isi Seat ratte rua Site [NCA 54 aroha wrote a pide eS einGe BCs ne Gt cl Ne cag ONE eae seer eae Aa Cleary, Livingston county IBSREAGS (OSMAN ONES ele Ge Bye aiaas ase ees etre eter coe Set ae cece eee iG ice nae Reed Brass projectile points......... FE aia sno NGS s DRT EAS ot OIC OME TOR OE Ce Charred corn REM iraitees ea vi Sarere tered tep ee ee ATTA UNL YL Aalto Ree aa isi. Oo ena hw Pees che EP Lame, CUO SUIS ed RNa cree ESI ea A (6S oh eR ee Fe RATHTCTAS COMES Mapa tetera uacatned Vet net a anes Neve tiah eae Seen Ue eee aN ere area au) « TEXGIMN®. JOSE UGS s 45.25) sh Mee tect meme ne ay sed cA er sess eae Beaver’s HOOTE Do Sa eo SSIS eet Ee Boe nie es hes Rae REPS Onin Sta RR ye rill een Pena ae oe ee ee tren oP nt Wy ea iss ene Ws Loa eT See UE SLO MC Renn arene ns SMa ay Nace nyt eet heat: eiea ie © tua d Sonepat ssa a ec metele RIGID CRS MEE PON Trt Ay ate Ue, SRNR rae, sally cassia 'chuta de its “oR Seee oid TBST EAS JONES Sis coe cet. Eleva cae eens Oe CR DEO CTO ne Po tee ee PE PaO tone bead... te... seco als ta OUR ac eRe ERS ce GR gu eset Reman a Oar a Ate Ope TEcSeerd: Baye ow cite en A aR ee oO a i fares A Ie See Lee a oD iS(SAE UHR zisated en oveseol ary eel see geal ea eee eS een ne a a ea er iam SEIN CUMM ce eee ep Tih pe ee ee clayetacs Sees cr ain die, Saaral te Sond aks PEA CRSUC IIIS PON ie ens Hine a erent: LEA ee aM aa rap munca atcrae a, elt rars, Ageia se RA Ne [Piyore [SO iwlld 5 UH Seu RIS eR ore a ae en ee Baleares sa A ihatea SM aes Ps tan Sie: RUN ar Le Ce) OTT Cai ee ar EELS ap eB yee oops yo Ma BS he Sete pie — Lal Lal NO eH QW SH HRN Oe SH SH COR SB SH SND 12 LS) OW FH Se Se ee Se Se De Pp 6 Tn NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Potsherdsuivit4 sec gv asians Bie Bae ae are Bhat WSS eRe ne 3 BOE CEMAMEM Gerla atic eras So Ran ae Pe ne wine Bucs CR ee I Bone: pendantsy cpg vse ee hed. OM ae he ie ob eee Oa 2 Bonedmplementsieacee er ae area PE ee Ns So ss 0 0c Borie punch ioe eects fee a as a Nees atid oe la es I Blk’ s Geetha ae seats ee be pave he thle a DE iy aot oh ss Bear teeth oni. ic cases cce't shia OS A Sele he ts ok ae 3 String, 25, copper and glassibeads: jnecncm soci eo) Seer te Dann site, Honeoye Falls, Monroe county Bone: combsiis sic eee. eee Se Ae Bullet. sé 4 /e05 Sees toe Se hs See ee eee Couchishell beadsian. gy sc: . fe ee aes eee Gatlinite beadstes ioc we ee AO Bln 2 Hammer stones 25 ees 2 we BRE ae oS a se Human bonese?.s fac cc os bose cae Od wk eee SRR eek de Se me OD N Bualletypianehes 5.25536 ohare be aa oclouate Se eehSunale fie Clee caer Banner Stone... cis... 8 SB be ceo 8S Me ele Gh ace eae nS Ee Prame\lof 6500 wampum' beads. 45 55..006 40.00 cess ae ee Bramelor beadsjand bonelormaments. ) ise lds cee ene Wampum 50 strings of (55) beads each:.:..:........... +) 50 Plovers and wampuins). iwi)... ce st. scien a ol cal cikee quantity Brass settles sia eo aie w Slopes aoe Sane Do a eds COPPer POt eid Wiel qiereksl aie ieyelan ell wreee CL nuevo i ap oe eer I Smoothing stone! 05... Mec hdc ce tos ye stae so gals see eee I (OGL oui ciovats ae as eaRoee ena, EER arn WecerOPh as tate tare re an SURE Z Ee 8 Hao I I I oo 4 jab} n n = [= 5 ion fa @ n SS S&S Se eo NN SW Nv Stone Wea ieee aS etes olay sd accle eens Oe OU oe ins ae Slate beading seed ais euocie eis aetna ele Gls eee ae a ae Shell porgetss's fe kk ass Sects oekte Bis Ba sled aw lie weenie bee 3 ShellPa eee A ais tye wi aceca reine see eiere, Samed eee naa hee I Shell pendants: 2 \iic7.5. CGP ie ar .palee au ealags ate: eis, iayes ele 3 Shell ornamentii, os cad ee ae aes Raa ete ke Sos cs el ee I Wrartpaimt: oso oie Seed cs et ta i tela ie errr I Gam ESTOGIE Sis tial celta eMac eee ate corks veneered iw ts Leb Dak shia Re I TRO VAR Ss 5 Re WI oie ce ease le) Samael eile eeeienlt ts at Ste SLE cs pat cc a I Irom implement...c0 5.0% a) site See Cas See oe nie ds De ee I SHEArSh hen ee Kok Satine ee au oor cates te one ee ease te |e 3 Copper’ bracelet. 0. ov). wisanles eo. a5 bee ees Wk l P ee Tronvehisel i te). os cote Oke enna tea ean Gia elas’. ates o lbs 3h eteeee eS ea IB eteVe kai) osha \ sea ane i a eee i Aner PROD Lt RES Rene Ns Sto is io oo cu 0c 0 Tiron cimamens. ees rant cir ae oleae alana balls: uals lanuteny tive ear oe tke rn + = = REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 I13 olcomb, Ontario county RR eye ks einen alae ajaie ciel visi g a giclee od uwie ease dee Pale S ie BROW COPPCT ee eee et HA etre ce mt Names eae rats ae ea uc AN ata MRI ONERS OOO LM tears ers ery rsiinny ry Strate ee 0 allaeutn tes Sietpoe Bleycane ie taues adele ae ahah Memsmllets. 0 ci ke eee Perec Meee Sa Sos iebes bares CRE ety Aig CO vA (nl ie Ra gti ANC Popmem MeN GAM. MA! ces i. com ees eae ee bas I epart el Pak vaaatinter Re SE DIOS PISCE gk Aeaicena ck cua sche hes Ute ELC UA aS ee eR DBRT lie isos LE ap RO reHNG ELIS MOOK ries natn vae nl repe OMe Lee at Lalla Bly ale web oa Whey whe HERO MRSS OLOCAGS Wet jayann (Ac a wets feta car decir Ge couse digs tipin git\a = silg eviele oe BENGE N Merch ia MlenMeM terse vci 4 a Aa ature Wadi aja ornate ere -asehind sane ns oa Weessubeadse eu ce Ge bad se ss SYP aR REST Siete GA eIRSUAINE ek une at egti ay Ne TL alan Cl MroOnvaGdZess... 4. oe. eRe UNL ues AEM lal aR ails ALUN LM Clea aide cal cela 8 BY SUtT mig ta PMA ree in Riel Desde lected WO oie Md Wea cla TRIN be oem ie ag BIMCAcmn illest srekerern are tht nil ico rerun suite accuse emit tae alteraree Pence oe oneebe rere R Perea lenmcet CAO CCES aia ebaldn whe Ae lel Ce SN nl BRNO Me Satake eee diay 5 TPGHES| WERCIS SS 6,475, 0 Eieeb el AOL EI Eee GORE CORRE Ce Seas DE ete nae caer hae ya I Bereta SO UTIs eI MP oa Oar aaa’ aaah osadeiiehd) MravynvNlaticnns esd hee cts Shara NAAN SHRINES. oo, 4G ere ele Bien rane ee IIc) Seo ee ROR As On eS Pun “DinDE (OMOS b'o, eo Gag 8 tanbegaaet OR eer her ce uae en ne A ene PE GACISIS WCEEUCHITIO IA aie es ION nO ee SRO OURO HC ae Ta ae eee PIGIENSIEGT OSE 5 0 oe ara acaba ext en A CO or Sharpening stones............... EN Saal Tn cus 2 Oy BA ae a PR ee BOM CII etl MMT Te Merci tnete tt teiwsiee i Re em IM yz ee ac aeeall oa eases Geer’ Shell ornaments................... Wie ese eo UR eet See cpa, SiC, A tears Steal joesmlaratuss) Ok sel ee ioe SIR RCARIE ATI a Ani ong Seen LR a a ea Shell ERESCCTIL Seen Niue arc amtllnuveN dl Call Wate es ilelra tie ecle le allal tas Heaps amet tte String of 4625 beads, ornaments etc.............. sei Atle pple “NTRP BERR, GREINER ets 90 a LAH wn ce ov a Me ae oe s es meWN SN OO CON FH BH RR Ree WD SP BWW W SB SB SP HR RN RS NW HF SY HF HOO ND S&S Richmond Mills, Ontario county Bigs ane ae en aR CGM a pha TWA SATIN a OLE 7a ‘ =P Le BPH N HWDOAH LB DN 1i4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Botle arrOwsy. 62h shite ee dies oe wulaes we a eye oa ans ae el oe CORMDS i ed cei acre Reta Src RS has ed ICAL @eremonmialss co. se ee che here alta ne Sis ee syoe Guae ee eae Bish hooks. ssf) sce eie sale ates ease, eae oc AR I ne I Fish hooks, not completed..... “ale A) elavallove Gidea odie bb aseue Cate ee TIAPPOOMS «356. Reis week os ele ok Ue Hainpinsy oe elie eiealh cick chong ale bw Gece WG Stee hee Ineisine took: ? ec hy wee ae aa he nn eb ee TAIT OS ew. teas «sie cciraree Sycdleus) bes ela eked pamlctane monn a eth Oe Ornaments ses 9 Pauly Rete eh ae RA ota yh fiw ada BL Pendants) e. 246 sus Sas 38 2 daalagsa ae stdenereiee Win dis akee ce a 2 Wilntstlesiee pals eit a PUR rec We na rr Needles cs wite yk ian lai ivowie ei hava ae coeetlsuel via, olldl bie aes ee 12 DGHAPETS Nik hSlias Abele cb Micles Ramses tue eg HONS rr 9 Beads (bone) agoinistringsye semeiae mee. cease Groene ee Pari is I Beads 25 on string Perforated animal teeth... . 5. oes en wee ee 64 Pam Chesiss shah ste he dek grtuelies 4 tab Sie OO eene skis De OO SE nee 5 Plaking tools... 02. kc cstes poles os Saeko cleo a oe ae 14 Implements, various kinds... 22000. 22. ee vn te er 60 — Animal bones; various kindsimany worked.) 22... .. clei eee nen 60 Miscellaneous articles: ou... bo has Sade) oes ea | seer 9 Horn implements), iia ale aly atts blow cig eile ho 3 aoe ee ee * at 3 Handlevof implement... 2.0 view sas). ols ee ed obs a ee eee I Raccoon bones... 2). 3 salerga ects a a0T ess a csi ws date en 8 Bears’ Geetha. cjic sag eee a Seuss oe abe all ols tye fee aie ee de 25 Gel tSiesilalacor sb os eines «oO ae tiie see alta ced sac ee Rach 37 Chisel) pieihe eeiaie Wid the ao bie dhe Sol cue hte pee OO eee I Clay effigiess ..i..2s eos 8 Sa oe le ches a sy aeons ne ae 9 Clayapyperstemisy oi oh Gels ia dus eee & oy. Svinte al Glad teen ae 23 DISKS eit eld G4 case's 4 Gold dleragea iw chai claim gs eleva, conGle etches aa 14 Discoidal’stone..: :.0 55 ned es eR eo eee ee eo he ea I GORSCt a chiseled Ss Webel oie a Base atin ease ile Ug ae Sh ar I Gaime Stoney vic Fike dole Sood ction seer ak beast ee ae I Hamimersicoil.7i2 .dhs see hoe cake Blin itech & dare a anata 14 Sharpening stones)<\, 0 jeseice ee as a cacdle va kee eee eee eee 4 SCRAPER ho Ss sk eee Baa dees ne! bake ae oe, Dah ae I PEAT. | oteie aye ides suaGae interme wt Gewele es due aiaheln acces = Oh eee I Slate implements. 5 oie feet ea oe tn 2 ds Oe 2 Pestle\(ragments is. c 5d 1 nu avieneee Soe eed eee eee ee I Net sinkersic.2 pi!se ue caditealadios as osama: tea lla tee 4 Wihetstones. cc acc 6 ioc od Ct aes eee a et I FPlaking ampleémienits.. 655 n0% 2 aie bose Sein Rake on ee er 5 Pata i e.5 55 sided as nie as oro blaine lene eis Rae ates Se I Miscellaneous stone matentals. 200.0. fe asic5 ee ee ae eee eee 2 Pipe bow! fragments, 3 oi. WR i eo eee 13 SUSANNE OMOYSOGS 6 22 ciosaeec oe ilecglaulle salics x Week eea gy Sn 2 Ste ae eel er I Hammer stomp eis). scallions oltic atest tke Sal ale GIR le eo oe ae I War clubs. 02s cecal s Wee ie bbs cede thie oe eee 2 6 Plint Sawyse 2c ole can a ND Se eee ee acetic OE REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I9I8 T15 PAE CISISig och guile Stet ces Galea Re RAC ne tA ve gS 7 [PADIS © a crete a Wiese Cubs Sle. Grae ERAS MOR ep nea SIR vm ga og enn ORE SE 8 TPEMTLGIR? [OVEREYG IR Sg Gis ich eR IT Ee A 2 PLD (SIDI SS Sti atta Roar tt eee alee re ae Seve Tr, 10 LMLZERUEDS 5 & 0S SIGS OG Ge Ge ORE ACI MENDES PE ae HARP fe AE eats ORE Gi LEESW LL. cog oie AieMeeRe ee glee Ie Sonate tee AP 1 La aU rg a a I LAUDIPSEEPS 3 6 ch exbi Ghat ce JBI Reese RPE oa a Senet a I LO IEELIETE woe See foc HEL SEC NOTE AR IRS SE A Sed I CPUMRaGL SBC CMER Lud org 7 ROA a area Senet ham ac Va 17 Sn KC Ieee em Bray tein trey ator al svise viene fetbore Sickah cies thes cae SPAS Gus. arin sos aie a caw sees I EO MEG: SOEAGIOG IG By Sc IRAN IEAe 5 Mae ORR art ance rare nd nee mA 1 CeayOS Gl. GIES S eskanate ena tort Sate aEE RePEc RGe Ie aa ae Cv naa is erm cr At ea erate ne I TE eaIMISTEREaL SRRONOVE 5 Gee USE eau CTO ESRERERIG CRE serie eR SSI En i gee I NPDES FOOTE ayeigy rer ee Suede ee ees ch Oca lear SO oe La cca ee sae Sa oe 18 ISRO ODS Sag concise Waar ache aaa Gah ROL e Mens NPE eRe ae en 2 TESTA CIN JOM DIE cis asec ous ete cE Le ake Ren ec nen en nw I Eeswrtgaryy GligesSo:4.5 dadeel Sele eee a Ae aN, SOI II, 8 eee ayes ats 2 Ho miciny mea Cimerrce trues le en MEM Pores enn Ail meevahe ois costae ciclo elie awle I Miiscellaimeotis) Clary OD{ECtSiaa i a oie ccis ss Saeone ore BG ee Ale te ohne 5 PeQHESIASHECIS. 3c; cing 08 Sea ROMS 6 Gre ete es ERO Ne aR ed nn Pa cane 69 ROO eGR TC Petra ana renmn S-ve teeny Newen en ai artacy ceded ais bout ay: CRS Woke, eve ave I Snel GHB ese a ate DeSean I Suie8 IT [REGIS 5a se Ray RA rere li one Deel tr i at ee 40 Pca tLe eee pe tarelic\rontak SMe rmralscs, Va ore cae a cratic Shute. ae II EO MC MCAS Mera ee MMM EUS mon AMS Sluce irae eke MaKe Leak vps a Mae 16 Factory Hollow or Shattuck site, Ontario county Evil SHEE ge Rare ae i Nenana satan! Pataskala a eidid wualsyataluabaloa ie stawnte als 18 (BvEBIES WESUIGL Sota Bagi tipae tear gd otc EUe oR URS et a 2 PEM GC RCAC SM esc aetscars ¢ ek OS easels erate aS shales chet aye dearatiht Ge aeeaen 4 CS arlhiniterea cleveth oy sae Sa a tice ae aaiae ick ae mis APs cee Jha ae eee I IBSEOEAT, [SOFAS TOR ONT-E acre fy eda eee eee ediaaee eae ones ae ne ere meer Ha I EM eTHTNeT AS LOIMES err metepnen eteymeare a nee Lt eee lea tee NAS SG li lea Se ewan Gt, = 2 FEXGet TSB corr arene ete tery Nae Ga) aged See NEN eVect | eas J oh EE a I PTE RP ROT ECM CHOICES tates vate, aac aaern watt el ttre! Wena able oda lalsl: g String 110 glass beads............. SRS WAM A ART Renee cl ope Ns Ser Vad ht air aD I (Grarminerstonen ac. Monies kad en en als Parad Vel ty roe Y Smtr dy Ue See el I SUBIR? TORIES OOM US 3 lave: ch Sea et ey aN aloe CUISIERCE CEU Se Reh mre a eS gra eg 2 CHAN [ONG Oval ceed Naa ete Mion ede cette acl on ane a a I IBVPRSS [GOWNS aol adie iovoeeer ova Misia! aac et EetaCues aie ke senevns OPERONS CPU Parana ese ars epee 10 (Coppeimpmen Canteens geen payers Se neues oN ES ar aes am eabatnes I (Grey TERBTTBS 5 sola Suite eeSUEIELEND lech Sor neta ea) CC REIE Lennie nae ot Nite te Carre tne a I LOSI, 0 a end elo ka cs Searle) SICAL One gi ERR 7 aS ora hae 2 ee ee REE I Vp@Em LARD 48 Sng ee SRG Gh Saeco rc eg he ce ciety REA ee nes I TIS: PT PIE ans PN ENG STAY stay eel tea ree ete ache) RCN ge aya I SAL Seah: BETA GIRTAIRD Wan We thud gp els sane cai Rn pe eral eee ee tL pene I INSGNGANH ey o's bl SAS CU ee a inc oe RD Ra A ATO aD ei ea re ee I BV ell Sipe ue uence horacus aT tne | ey ni tarehana se ang dye Mules LR are sae ane I ipe WOWIs 2)... co... - fa ONIN ictel SIaRS ae Van ee te mee oe Rage ee JUS 5 PES SSRIS! 5 1U so lete Raid MURR es ha eth ON ie A AR a RPE More Oo So 3 116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SOPAPeP oe See atie WN Vilbanbie ae ae eee ig ok piles ee ie Sharpening Stones: eis kee cas ete Meals GS. a I SmoothineiStOmesoay sesh see ee ea ee PR coc oboe Brass ySAW ois te eds ofl dW oon. g cete Seis a Slee, 6 boy ene eles esta ee String 200 handmade wampum beads... 2.1.5... 4.2). 02 eee Triangle arrows. 4.205 2h ees oe «slo wee wien coins) ep) an < oO ey (e) (e) me =) eo oe Biigy ater ee errr 54 FVOrni Punches). i.e a ee sie eta, «ne Bosal de cimansts a Bh ayeno ee Bones: (worked) io id) jius ee goals ale wise soe his as a winele poe ee Hron ‘chisels. 5s shes ee a aie oueehes eRe ciel lee ce AMS eh picks Oe Tronpmiplement):.. Sahasneseeueieie ohare rete eae eee ee 2 ee Brass pendant... 5 \stioet aeeiat Sind gla idee etd aie + ote oie Brassaw lic ies ois Stina ohvalegees blecel tacos am aoe atari eles ae eer Hee NUM DH NWH DAN BHD OO et ete ee ND. Arrow straightener. .\. 3/505 24 ge isis ote alee chat neta oe Arrow shaftuerind er: 4b s.3-c.sncis wiiiive ea ashanti Sign ose Os ene & oe () -|5} Oo 0 a o & a 2 SSK o aH eo Oo: Cente me WN Dew nd WN On 4 BH AH He BGA GS asian eb eed tek ere oe arg, Se RS Ee eae aes age Sieg REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 117 EER MIN SES erayy ar ya.8 fay - ss gia Se cis b hia ws Sai ee ee we eldhs awa Palace eueie ag me Pre MSC GemeneT mR tialey ee ede tsbear ty eeavhral vad cacae eitceev atts ahioe sueveredy hl wot tiieke 5 JLipBidl TOBECIS 2g Bie GHP meee Rabe Reh eee ne seni es oR mg rae Eman res ai ge Me eR I RS ROSS aos cds ou ct evale ernie fash caine. 2S be Hal mintin Herd Sosa ay Meld wale Baie ats 6 6 SUS [O@ANCI s S Ha NGS Sic ape cea pectin ote GW eaten ar eee nae Once RRA ee 3 BEIM IN CAG Sem PA Ace cine Aira tiiey sake chs ecm et cs Crake ss aia eee aye eteudceld Seatern ae 9 (ch TELESIS yee co'd co ae RR agar te Re Ee cA Se eae 4 ee PM TT etme tec alc fitter Cel gare Mes SITS a) aisha! ahclalimietiuupaus Race ore Settle 178 Ew UaE! CSHB S 6,8 s Glo hecer ear OG Oa CRE Scr IS LON a DE Meteo a eA 25 BE EMOVCOECE ESM Ras NS cad orertetiers mieten Seekctay Sede chaclioe Sot al seeldit pube 4seca I Weremonials si... . 6. cee ee ee es Seca 6 SRAM a aS Sear ON Ber ane Pee ae 6 En) DiSRGIANTTESL SS Sig AG Rs elo a aD ee a ee aE 3 ABH TRAUB [NETO GLA Tata ress en ee eae seas tote eh eAlaetec seta shee Soares dldieve’s sobustenecs I ROME MMCI Cea type trae cue een snemeeeiniale gio ee eat ae cuslalaniaes disoetameeroee ats I SEE AOS MINT OS ou a a ree olan anion ad bina a AWN lL eS ets 26 PMMONCTOS Walp ICACSi iy. okay. als die ss diaia Merde senha es cee ee bess I Sehineor Too;shelliwampuml beadsis / 2s asses. 5s soe cewek ee sane I Bamneron 32 beads of assorted materials... ... s....022..: 15... Ree I mia Of 25 beads and catlinite pendant... ....2.......0.02ee tess cee sae I SOHPUNEREE GLE GCC) DISENGAGE Ge ac ne PE Ae I Pn momelassiand bones Deads iv. Ne siee.- gic id eal ve tee ble ec where § I Sining or shell crescents and beads...........5...¢.0. 0085. c cues ee seee I See MO MIDE AC Green netted ses ects We ane Mahe roi aus. Se ELST jee vosaitiedh ary aie te 4 Eamcvormsnears arrowsiand Grills. 8. 2 Vasa he ek le ee vse ah wus heart vee 25 AMI CROMMATTOW Sle pone tke ete soothers snes ae: Hee unalle Ua. de due oleae ar aae Sena olga te 18 ramen pcadsvand bone Ornaments. i622. 2 vies. oe oy cis he) Woes len I Brame of perforated bears’ and wolves’ teeth. ......<..0....0..00.0--0-% Ree Haine Or arnOwSs and SPeAalSr sa. d2 sss meee ee ae eek siecle ya ede o galees I Paper oteem (OT SCO) prey sence nl a cis Melee, SARIS ce tha nels thd oa oe Zinkes 5 BOING, COMMOS sy elena Ge wea S is Pe caeto EME CRG Rial ois ani MER op eel tenia A de eka: TEASERS TANS S Sas Grech cy ry Cea ae oe es Rete ect eae ar RS Ac le OR LE RM I "EXOT GIDEA 5 55. Bes, aa ee Bee ect leane Hee er ORE ORG HCCI aOR NRE NET ot MS isd, Noe te a I LE\OURG: TRaH OU TTA VETOULES ote ae tea eM sti ere Ve a Nea eel seg Ms 17 Bomen ced este we emia arenas aire Can SAN le gaan Rca aah Gee eens End Nee: 4 OMe REM Ga MUS Mere rune a ua ane nc ocLan Me rN gee cee Me hg cn aEkcints Ge 2 LBiOviNS) [OlnvaNeHab SSIS ed atin aici henere ces Uttose ah a Eo Une dR tN aT ae Oe EO Eas 2 IEXGAMS LOVENOLO LOND aes Go ior ot ch chaps te ORE ANd CRT UE enc oN Pen I BOMeLOnMAIMeMUS Ma wate amet eke iotaretiei ieee mi cea Riess alga wutauiee Ng Bone punches................ SS Oe eT Cina NORE ORS CE ec SE RTCA STE 2 Won adzesis ccs .i Oe a ne ae EA a C7 OY a Uk ee ee 3 TBVRARS US RES 5 6 uy abo ket AG GlGhe a i ccecite SORA CHO EEE STER ORL REIS PIE rca Aen 1 6 FESS ROLLS Recah iain regen Ec ee te et lies 2 IBVPANSS Caveats 0! Gd euateue waiter ay tet O SOS ro clea ee ee aR Ee PP SPO I IBESS LOL. Ga avaco Bib Sere Otte EN Bes ES CRE EE Pe ee RPS Ra ee oI I ERIS TAN GN COD PET: POMUSie «deisel aisls hc, Lluis nad wad heces LR i cp ee et 6 2 LEDER [DEITIES OG Wa Sci a eae i vee Ore eR Pte Rie ev nea Geert aie org 3 EX IMTT STS UOTL CS ureecepenee ta yal ayes hehe csc ertlerredshetewey nisaic eh eistione onc cntreiss hte acsar ecto eee 8 IBHeMMNOUSs 6 Goose Sip ho Geet ate HONOR OLS cRSPe Can TIER eect TB mC ON a 3 TESSUEEO LIS 5 8 io gS le ete Be ates OER ee TELA Ea GR URS te MURTY Be 4 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM . Bolo Stomes su. (55h 4 ei bie isle dn cca PR la Oboe de nee ee 5 Belt occ P oe ia nid fae aus eu oce fs Belts Cea REIS alana etedeeal eat E a ea ths ne rrr i Section bird stone. .3).¢0)00 ss ie dvmie des dle bee de ek Oe ee ta Ceremonialsi icc y ie caiecii ale sles woes yeas blalae on nln 13 Copper buttons 0). oa de oo ale alli ee wielua ee ge ee rr 2a GaSe l i Ae ou ak aU Se ave cle. ae att ea Latah eee 1g Clay Vessel. isyi wie detle/atin it Wiis tes pads tet, Stal. 0 Lidas csi andl eee I Clothe crisis 8h lacie eboevie eu We teres Bis Galca Bile: 4 ert es Gashete ce ae ee I BDISkS ei ice vasdider dite’ s aihte es: odebod camtersl ane eum aude eiaca ai cre edo sy ne 2 Drillswie sea Se 08 24 LUE 2 2a ets wtos ll She ol ee 2 Discoidal sie. os. see eos bod tons age ee tee ea Sieeas Eee ee Sena I Clay, CIS y i cas ede Sead eae eae eden 8 his. ois Wee I TeadeHigy on. oe kris os renga Bea wie eee as sable I ACOs, © orcdig Fas Byavets sale Saisie ws ace med aoa eho e sve: NG a I Bfhigy bird! pipes. starch acai dhs aisaletlsus eisai odes sal os knee I Kies pipe fragment: 1.0. acto aes teabineks (sei eens a eee io dua oat ae I Clay pipe effigy sn ois 0s be cede: ate lek vee bates all ee I UIIMES irae he Miaka a ley o oes Wis syn cers esolccesalal ss: ele nl ele are ol ee 32 French coin TO5G6i 6 sce cna Sales Sats Sig iabagthdi anh, ands Utes I Flint blades ei. iijs.ecel si 2 suis sraysiate oa ated aaa sare ssc 31 Grumedints Ji. ela eee ss Bow See ehe ola ahs Susy Ro eri Le Re NRE 20 GORZEES Ei ela leton'sj fo eidk Pa Soa oun wo, lic Mute) a lho cae eek nt 24 GaMeEStONe . 5 skeet Goo ke a nee is uatere G Nene aubwheldais Wont Meee I Hammer Stones. i... ig hele tose Minis we oat ekelen dy aisloneden, orn ik ean ee . 54 Grooved Jhammen |. 0 i656 2 b8 seis Ponte thy qoeoals @ eee oS I FETE MOONS Ake kids. carte a estnentaul Cncaatts, citi eee baka alan coast ia a Wes Pots cd-6 3 Stone hatchet... jij. waa cies saa accel odes nimyctene ates Sa I Notched hoes. oa. eass sleity wee Qa elec wl Bt g cia wis dee eo ee Irom Chisels iio. oa,cnueie eb aie ale sie ae eose.s Sara suskie ae a8 ane oe 4 slate and stone implements. <2. . +). .7sese.uee oan. ee “did os 3 TrOM SPOOF ce Pdie a odes cos av aoaiai st elas pacceieler eet Ses Sac ee I Jestit Crosse... oa is Ses ale da elects AB > Wee tle I RS SCUUC TET Sra ay sdtncen ley ey oak Stieel ae, etn tea ree ea ae cee af Op en Rar 2a Jews’=harpsiiie. ig. ick see ca es Ulnlewe dae cathe glee pel ee 2 Plimbikmivesic <5); dict a's e 4 seus eyelashes 6s ale.alelrs 6, cide ae 13 Tron! kraihe 5 secede basi neat eeie enue ete Gk Bethe eee bo see I FGM IVeS's «Se aeiaw: elite Bleasneteiataliand bean Oh cane bolle) dusts Warnee ye eae er 2 Semuilunar knives’ (ula) ais os ook bos a once e's ine Oe eee 2 ead ladle erence sadileSreish s didveneneveries oid: lsuanel atielaicl a) DOS a I Mietatese tas c eiarilo a Betotials Ruanigaklenie base Seba hte. 4 Meanie oa des agcetubte atic Mavees aati lars Roe susan Site, Goalie obs onigce eek an I Maullersis jc cttiia i 2 aiielen sp 2e aablid Mne bee ale thane a RUA aun nn 8 INGORCAL Ss tes ehd segs ese Sila el avalnle a PM etarteLac ead ale gan dtc CON I Grooved maul coc ois esl ule bre siedceiclo anton edule: Cah I Grooved) net sinker oc) oo ee ee ets Re Ak ee I Potsherds sfc. h see he i es ae ee ROS OG 16 Tube stOnes'.\.) See Se MPs cR On ee, gine Sak oie elect eee 2 Pendants 22 icicles «. site el dandia, + 4 elds Golusle saa ce aie See ea 20 Pipe effigy bowls. 7). 2s gice. eos ede ree bane «yh ante) errr Pipe! DOWIS. 5 ais) css 84 Sits se & wee oie soak Sea sa hones eae oe 16 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 TI9Q PRR eMIAT ISN ECARTICME car. Warts Mecha Sars dm eh ave Hae bd da oka s oe eee I eee Mn GCR AUG MOITOMEM) U0. Mapa r gah tts whe ee aisle\ blade aaa eben e ae 34 Mee ACE CAC ONAL Cr eee nicl Ararat cy Aken icicles es Cis Chee dhe Ronen e I ant DME TREURSY JOM DSS co RR NE UR TS oy ae a ae ae a SG I uotlsd (USS. dba rd SaaS ARO Re UU oe se gee CR I Meneame CES CUS rae chcnsrachanths {sich ekes SMlaptce ais yk aielatageha'as sein ulh ove we ants 19 SeReCreCeO OC MOO Wma ti ales eu tinh mice bite heme eld ad Se aba taney I RPP MEMIO NASH (HUA CTIACTIES tise, re aa ayailc Mo fect ciaion, y dieus Aletta eba wcalell 7 Prriplanven ShLomanawik PIPE: Anke kere sus teede nel ets cee. che ab eeue I Pestles ........ oC io Aa De ORES DANSE Ler Berets LEED Oe aE ENG acct eR ee oA 2 Blovers wampum...............% (5 stp gy Set GIL RU Reg aot coe I RUE CMSE OMS HRs tena Vawter mcr Me UM ole cn bie Lisue ylel wei dias vel iene wlane Soe eke 5 Taya «3 cle Qe R eStats ee ear neve eat ape SPA ae rcwat cata aces (th Rice RS Ne 4 TPE SRAE (OCG SSTH SS SNe eee oe a a Se he ea a a 2 POU WESBEll y Waly ig Coen GAs Renal ees acess Sk at Mie enact) Ran ne a ad I IETBUCCMGLO ICS Hamann tenets eine Mery ne cas SS, errant Sisiie es ieee stakes aa ach Adaitens 12 IPBSEES.. 5 016, 0 Ocoee Ona: Std Hiatal caelores PENT ert TL iter oi Mees a nea aa a 16 SING AiG Smpem ey a aun case a tie ntrvarcieliue nyar Soon nen obese ba eiWig are vase, aflh ‘ads ee, bier lief eiavia 13 JPURALIIG QTHOWEVS Shee. Brno see onecrnet ore ere tens prion NOE ie ae Nt ur nner RSet eek oR a I ABCC KI ACetOle TSpiVOLyGISKS irate ales selene New Sie dicts Oke istes ake a sas hele I SUN RCS Cone Neon oR ahd ithe ist matey cals, fave saaiugendun duetepaye!blobe are We, 8 I IRETACUB 5.0 0 1o eth part tak etal telat tele he ag iP ae I IRR silo) OnUraNee GRWO WSIS Ee teuas atone a Oe oa eee eas eee nee aet DURA se sa ce ac pCR ene 3 SO CWASEON Camper nny a cae neti Rcinnhl ROR Mitsu ANis “arta a Perse ARUIN eee saad SORES chs 2 SHOBGIBS 5s See bb aeo Gece cee eiera rcce Packer tire SERIES eee UE ih Pec na I (SHEAUIRESAS 5 ogc Sela kee Bact REPEC Un eect eet ee ees cll SRE aE Rt IPA Ete a AT SO 17 IE TOONCCESIIl ce roumuenrhs eee oe heehee ma Rel ME cued oud a fea 9 S\CTEYBISID dita oho oS ae ee Mee ars re tna ES LC 3 EC HILILCIO OI CCUSHEaN sin earcerene tA Hicteth ne. saat mec seuralians wiley .ortscavs Manes ai apalene Armese 2 ICISSO LS Mame wnre eMedia ean UN capa ea eushe aS SunStar Oly abil tints I SOSDIRS «. b s5 soloist roel O-o ANG Ge rene ee eaten aoe ete Cenre ener a 95 RTUCHCET GI @ filey Myeenaarertiaents cueiirebue ey Myc Marly. te tents 0) veh ORBLE ee dey I (51 MEIT OSTAUL TER: LACH AVS) Sic eels whan teens IE aM a hon Pei ce ee Ue AR att tI 4 STUNTS BSG RBS aig ck Gea eh a eck Te Pe Ce eh ie an 6 MrRCRO Mc earstanG caitrow sens} in nievoe ied Oa saris a gteowecatn wees ith 10 ‘Ssomian@ Mle qHEelrg Gita tho aeaota er cheNe Saves cece alc ter ee NCS Ieei pe RR eee Reeve bie (CODIDEIE. SI OSESS: 5 aloha Seas yA OLET OT ONES Concert It oer rae 2 2 MIN Tl CPEn ane fy ren OA WAR Smee yom ety oles allie cays ote PE Ue I GMC mma D eer teNr etd ape cobra gt, Fob salsa seth g, clans acces ate te ei Mea 4 BRIN CESCOMCR eter enema: Maninmen enol none Wal il nun ena LO ea Wa We is ei I (SHOUTS HOlOE es oa bor. g kre seteecen ee ape Mec Eso raact een cee ot RNa Panes TPES te pe I BaSeLOO blimp Ire a neem ueiecicus sue Sr acdtae, Shatet ul ON hutch he Dk Vaal ape I Meare cchladed Mi nyu Gere nee mee rll enc NR elle a Sion nig, cosa ratientiienm ingle nce eects 3 Pe (ema Mees Gla eee ye eae ec aene aeons PCT RD am RCT tT I WHE CIOS 36 Vg GE eR Nie ole amides ey ane er eae eR en one dee Ae 2 PRR le DOINIS: 4. Sees cals wn Senn Tees eta nm Ny ARR dtp Ar es ut 25 Miscellaneous material from various localities in New York State........ 247 120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ACCESSIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS OF ETHNOLOGY- Collection and Purchase A. C. Parker, Albany Silver brooches .ig.is 0c os oe a SiR os eee Wampum) wristband..3.0. 0.602 bowls ik ea ca Dae ee Masks, ceremonial. : is .oc 2. 0. 0 ed aa Ee eee Cae eee Wooden ladles: iy\fsrai ao. te Paes a eee oe ee \. ssl Peather wands <()24 ss0 Scie eas sien ote an eh a panel Belt; beaded s sii cd sel blo oe ete dee Ae oe he Husk basket... 02.5 cd saw echocatl Se Lae gil oa en Wooden cup....... “a ulield eudioie Metall ere ce aleldverd ch ovate Sm ee Buckskin bag... s'6s jensen, Ho-5 feline fu,su Dea. olda ws eRe Smoking’ pipe ¢ oo Ae. Haws vos wcnles as clea tte «4 Donation George L. Tucker, Buffalo Clay pipe, face effigy, found at Belmont, Allegany co...:..:........5.% John Brooks, Albany Arrowpoints from Indiana... J. sce os ee se es - eer Mrs Abraham Lansing Estate Wampum belt used at Fort Stanwix. ..,.2.).2.. «c2 << 0s uae Se Mrs F. F, Thompson, Canandaigua. The Laura Doctor collection Dolls: carved. 2 Shs. oes dls Sines 9 Obs e ake les 6 ae eee Canoes miniatures ccs sees eed POST ea ee + sheet Sealpines leaite dt ives, Atak: aye tree Ra dieh a ae eatey ema RE ie ccs cs. 3 . Husk basket 2 iss on ate ae gles Walaa ale see Hae ed RUUASIe EGY Es Boy's Cees ley ar alladonhis oem whe daake adeLaty a nde ee Presa hi Barlestray oy ak he. hie ls es Sa Se ol he hal ae > Wampum strings. 24. 806 c4as oe ceeie hoes ce > Ants kt «0 er Splint basket, small; 0 s.5 0/6. sc. a he is bos ed od eee Water idruin. (od see be spelen a gokla 'sdlacten duogie el ena date Javelims jy ss S28 ee a a ea oe ot Net hoop...... eee Oe aoe Raa ST Sea Bapecgs ts Pher hoo ‘geal 05d ae STO Wstlalce ici Mh ge eee Mae Re fe gem Mee a TNE Aus clidin' 5. 0 b0.<. 0 Burden strap) a0. 2 eth dda ds ea sleet 6 ace Rattle; turtles oi sied eis odes es agehinace anole atalel 6 bk ee eee Box turtlerattle: say. ass ae wis aoate asc win leeios a te ohovel baler ee eee Rattle; calabash.sj.030..0 0 ye SBR iis «oda oe ee a Ye. ee — = = = = et + = = = = a a STAFF OF THE DEPARTMENT The members of the staff, permanent and temporary, of the Department as at present constituted are: ADMINISTRATION John M. Clarke, Director Jacob Van Deloo, Secretary and Director’s Clerk Anna M. Tolhurst, Stenographer GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY John M. Clarke, State Geologist and Paleontologist David H. Newland, Assistant State Geologist, Curator of Geology Rudolf Ruedemann, Assistant State Paleontologist, Curator of Paleontology William L. Bryant, Honorary Custodian of Fossil Fishes C. A. Hartnagel, Assistant in Geology, Curator of Stratigraphy Herbert P. Whitlock, Mineralogist, Curator of. Mineralogy George S. Barkentin, Draftsman Noah T. Clarke, Technical Assistant Winifred Goldring, Assistant in Paleontology H. C. Wardell, Preparator, Assistant Curator of Paleontology Charlotte F. Gorman, Stenographer Charles P. Heidenrich, Mechanical Assistant Edmund V. Lewis, Clerk John L. Casey, Custodian William Rausch, Cabinet Maker Jerry Hayes, Laborer Edward Noxon, Laborer Temporary Experts Areal Geology Prof. H. P. Cushing, Adelbert College Prof. W. J. Miller, Smith College Prof. G. H. Hudson, Plattsburg State Normal School Prof. W. O. Crosby, Massachusetts Institute of Technology [121] 122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Prof. George H. Chadwick, Rochester University Prof. John L. Rich, University of Illinois Prof. A. F. Buddington, Brown University Economic Craton Prof. Nelson C. Dale, Hamilton College Harold L. Alling, Columbia University R. J. Colony, Columbia University Prof. C. H. Smyth, jr, Princeton University Geographic Geology Prof. Herman L. Fairchild, University of Rochester Prof. James H. Stoller, Union College BOTANY Homer D. House, State Botanist . Louis Robbins, Assistant, Curator of Botany ENTOMOLOGY Ephraim P. Felt, State Entomologist D. B. Young, Assistant State Entomologist, Curator of Entomology Fanny T. Hartman, Assistant Curator of Entomology Helen L. Ryan, Stenographer Matthew J. McGarry, Page ZOOLOGY “Sherman C. Bishop, Zoologist, Curator of Zoology Benjamin Walworth Arnold, Honorary Curator a Ornithology Arthur Paladin, Taxidermist Temporary Experts Dr H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia. Silas C. Wheat, Brooklyn Roy W. Miner, New York ARCHEOLOGY Arthur C. Parker, Archeologist, Curator of Archeology and Ethnology Temporary Assistant Anna C. Parker, Delmar XI SCIENTIFIC PAPERS ' POSTBELLUM REFLECTIONS ON THE PLACE OF PALEONTOLOGY AMONG THE SCIENCES BY JOHN M. CLARKE (Presented before the Paleontological Society, Washington, December 1918) As we pressed into this late war and while in the midst of its labors, we set ourselves to determine what service there lay within us which could be turned to its ends and when we found such knowl- edge or such competency, we laid it forthwith at the command of our military establishment. I do not mean to ask how many of us found ourselves possessed of a war-time serviceability, how far our special knowledge was or could be adapted to the call of the time, or how remote it may have been regarded in the bustling haste with which the country enlisted in this all-absorbing enterprise. We “searched ourselves; we entered into every cranny of our storehouse to discover where lay some hidden, perhaps forgotten potency which might now be drawn into the country’s service. The sword had been thrust in our hand; it was an unfamiliar tool and the part for which we were cast was obviously to mend, not to mar. Feverish with desire to serve, we turned to the uncounted and incessant civilian activities essential to the great struggle. For these we strained our thought and our help, for them we saved and retrenched, while over and through, about and in all these activities was the ever-present horror of a world submerged in a welter of crime out of which rose the thundering approach of retributive justice. Then suddenly the alert resounded and the great fight was done. As if over night, it seemed, in the very heart of infinite preparations and amid the blaze of uncounted miles of battle line, the powers of darkness succumbed. —~ Now what was the first reaction upon you when the truth of victory was secure? After the sigh of relief from overburdened hearts had transformed itself into a shout of joy and the high pressure was released, which way did your thoughts turn? I have heard a paleontologist whose total energies had been given over throughout [123] I24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM this period of trial to the organization of helpful activities, say that he at once buried himself in his scientific manuscripts in a delirium of detachment like absorption in a great poem. Was this not true of all of us? The burden lifted, the night past, we reveled again in the sun. , It has been my constant argument in season and out of season, in the presence of the members of our own craft and of those unin- structed in this faith, that this science of ours, which is the key to the historic development of life and of the continents and seas which have nourished it, carries with it fundamental conceptions which must indicate the correct relations of man to himself, to his neighbors and to his intellectual and spiritual purposes. This is, I believe, a sound proposition. But the belief itself does not make us righteous nor does the practice of our profession of itself impart righteousness. The search for and the finding of the truth is only an interesting diversion unless that truth is made vital in application. The pursuit of science does not, alas, raise a man to the practice of a higher morality and it has no power to enlarge the soul of the man whose concern therein is only the acquisition of new information. But truth of the sort that we do pursue and find does have an engen- dering virtue in its application and it should broaden our perceptions of our own place and our own influence. The laws of sin and right- eousness, the continuity of the struggle betwixt the physically good and the evil and hence between the spiritually good and the evil; the correctness of adaptations and the disasters of misfit, are ever present in this panorama of life to him who will not let his vision be eclipsed by details. If an undevout astronomer is mad, then surely a biologist dealing with the transformations and permutations of a living world, if not spiritually uplifted must be a dullard; and so we who have been detailed to chart the march of life in its courses through the ages possess the competent basis of a true philosophy. Science, whom once the president of the United States called an ‘‘ ascetic nun,’’ has in these days left her attic and come down on the street; with the glowing red symbol of the cross on her somber garment she who represents us has done what she could in ministry to the hurts of war. She of our science does not belong with the Battalion of Death. We can not and do not need to impress on the industrial world the larger importance of these principles that engage us. If we are sure that this science of the progress of life carries with — it the guy-lines of our future progress; indeed even if we are not so sure of this but may reserve such progress to the overcontrol of the et eee ara REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 125 human intellect; in either case our articles of faith are of the first order of quality. “Very important if true’’ said the president of the Carnegie Institution some years ago to these intimations put forward as an € argument for their encouragement. ‘‘ Very important and true”’ is the only dignified retort. I do not wish to say that the devotees of paleontology are creatures of a superior order of intellect but I can not refrain from the expression that while they are dealing neither in cosmic magnitudes nor the sublimated calculus, they _ have chosen to serve at a high altar. We must be prepared now, with armies returning from abroad sharpened to the applications of science and armies at home ever sharpening these applications, for an intense magnification of its industrial and commercial cogency. It seems quite likely that science may be in danger of comprehension only in such terms as are pro- ductive of wealth. And as if this were not enough of a misbranding for Science to correct, there lies a reproach upon science, led like a wanton away from its paths of rectitude into the maddening purlieus of a mischievous war. I have recently read a passage from a published Sigma Xi address ‘in which the author introduced his effective arguments and his personal attitude in this phrase: ‘But to an engineer accustomed by training) and habit to look on science and scientific laws as valuable only when capable of application,” etc. Here we diverge. Nature’s fundamental laws can not be applied. They apply themselves; they govern without consent. If we read them aright then we ensure happiness and progress in adjusting ourselves to them. We are not called on to enforce science and scientific laws; nor is it competent to declare a law “‘ valuable’ in accordance with standards we set up. The law is of God, the standard of man. Over against the passage cited let me put one emanating from a practical geologist whose career has been marked by eminent attainment. The comment is on broad lines of geological science, all the more applicable to us because of this. * Applied geology is of such inestimable value to mankind that ‘its study needs no stimulus, but pure geology is often, and now “more than ever, forgotten in the wild scramble for material results; and yet it is the basis on which all benefits to mankind from applied geology have been derived. During the war many geologists have given their services in one way or another entirely to the country and research departments have been largely depleted of workers. 126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM With the termination of the war some of these research workers may return to their old pursuits, but many have been permanently weaned away by mere worldly ambitions in applied geology. The limit of elasticity has been strained; the rebound will not be com- plete. These ambitions, however, can not be realized unless the trend of discoveries of new truths in the Earth’s secrets can be maintained. A house can not be built to a height greater than the foundation will support. I believe now, more than ever, the world is in need of work in pure geologic research.”’ Our contention that the principles which it rests with our science to enunciate afford the key to many sociological enigmas, is not a phantasy; and their application to the personal conduct of our own lives must of necessity be productive of correct physical and spiritual adjustments. And as I am fortifying my plea with the wisdom of other men, I here quote the expression of one to whose words all geologists attend with deference and whose vision has all the initiative of a spiral nebula. ‘“ Nothing could be more grateful to me than your strong advo- cacy of the study of the life record as a source of guidance in socio- logical, political and other ecibllens of the human race. I have been trying to urge this for years.’ In an address which I had the honor to give before the Geological Society two years ago I laid much weight upon the eventual control of the minority whenever that minority was strong at the head; so much emphasis indeed, that when the address was printed at the expense of the taxpayers of New York it was gravely questioned in public whether this was a proper argument to promulgate at a time when we had just been assured that our principal present business was to make the world safe for cemocracy. But our reasoning in this matter is not dependent on analogy; out of our own demonstrations we can cite the proof in its fulness and its constant reiteration in the history of the earth. Today one-half the world has broken loose into a mad and disordered surge. An undisciplined and untaught horde have got the bit in their teeth and are running wild. Is this the thing we started out to accomplish, this the kind of democracy we went out to make the world safe for? Were not the law, which we have brought out, of proven effectiveness through all things; had it not its foundations in the eternal purposes of Nature, we might look with extreme apprehension upon the tempestuous and uncomprehending outbursts of the world’s new so-called democracies, where malignity, ignorance and ambition conspire to unhorse responsible authority. The REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 127 democracy that recognizes in ignorance its greatest menace, that strictly safeguards the suffrage and honors the competent individual and thus has been made safe for the world, will emerge triumphant and the world will in truth be safe for it. _ The signers of our immortal Declaration of Independence are freely accused of audacity and mendacity when they put their names to the proposition that all men are created free and equal. No other sentence in that charter of our liberties has evoked more challenge. But that condition seems to be the heritage of Nature. Are not the individuals of all the ages born free within the physical limitations of the class to which they pertain or the stage of physical evolution they have reached? And are they not, under normal con- ditions, equal physically and before the world into which they have . come’ Equally they are dependent on, armored and equipped by their heritage, blue eyes and black eyes alike. With present valua- tion of factors of heredity and variation there is but little reservation in the reply we must make to these questions. Men are, by the eternal and immutable laws of paleontology, free and equal. We do not say that they have been born to an equality of opportunity nor does our Declaration of Independence advance any such intima- tion. That is a hypothetical condition which Nature does not under- take to supply. Blue eyes and black eyes do not look out on the same opportunity; if they did and if Nature’s organic creations were born to such equality of opportunity there could have resulted only equality and uniformity of result. Inother words, equality of oppor- tunity in paleontology and in human history would mean a world of life with the chief factors of evolution eliminated; indeed another _world than this of ours in whose scheme there could be little place for the higher expressions of life. If there had been equality of opportunity through the ages of paleontologic history there would _ be no men in the world today. The state needs guidance in wisdom when dealing with the effort to create equality of opportunity for its citizens. Such a state presents no attractions to me and I know - Ishall not be called upon to live in it. In a recent letter addressed to the members of the geology and paleontology committee of the National Research Council I wrote a paragraph which I trust you will allow me to repeat here: It will be time for us, as the clashing of arms dies away, to ask ourselves if the teaching of geology by lecture or by pen has been sufficiently imbued with cultural and spiritual influences which the science can so freely impart. He is a teacher only after the German model who fails or does not seek to enforce the broadest bearings of his teachings and I trust that, in our intimate relations, ~ ae ee. 128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM you will be sufficiently indulgent to permit me this expression: That, to the larger ~ number of our students, these applications of the science are of far higher moment ~ than the mere increase of their store of information. Without loss of proper dignity or curtailment of accuracy and surely with no surrender of respect for the theme, nor with imputation of preaching, the higher and fuller meanings of the science can be kept in sight and its influence be elevated in the thought of men. Commenting on this an accomplished paleontologist has said that he feared such applications of doctrine except by men of protracted and intensive training and of judgment refined by clear perceptions. I hold with him; but I believe too that no teaching of our science reasonably derived, even if presented in a half light, will not lead upward rather than down. These are but a few thoughts out of many. I am compelled to make them few. But the theme is all-embracing. The recognition of its philosophy, coextensive with the phenomena of life, is of momentous importance to the new order. It is the lamp unto our feet and the light unto our path. The majesty of its promise, a philosophy reaching from the heights to the depths, a field of labor fascinating in its details and uplifting in its reactions, ought to draw to itself a body of serious-minded men and women who would not sow their seed among thorns where the cares’ of this world and the deceitfulness of riches and the lusts of other things énter in to make their labors unsatisfying. | "AOJOT WOIt St € ‘syjey sAoouoFyT ‘ays wiefZ uued 94} WOT} s1e f pue 1 ‘“UWOTDa]]OD AaMaq “FT UIATY 94} wos sodig Bone articles revealing the process of making fish hooks. From Richmond Mills. Dewey collection. . ori " k : i , . ‘ et oe, \ 5 a A uf hr he : £ -- G@er . ny re £0; + eer ¢Be' ‘ee: +96" Frame containing grave finds from Honeoye Falls. Dewey collection Antler and tooth ornaments from the Dewey collection NEW PALEOZOIC CRUSTACEANS BY JOHN M. CLARKE I BUNAIA — A NEW MEROSTOME CRUSTACEAN FROM THE NEW YORK SILURIAN WATERLIMES It was to be expected that the Salina formation, above and below the horizon of the salt, would eventually afford evidence of the exist- ence of the crustacean Bunodes or something closely allied to it. The Pittsford and Vernon shales of the lower part of the formation have already afforded the genus Pseudoniscus in two species (P. roosevelti Clarke and P. clarkei Ruedemann) and these intimate a combination which is highly suggestive of the Eurypterid-bearing Silurian beds of Oesel, to which the genus Bunodes has been thus far restricted. The fossils now before us present certain characters very sug- gestive of Bunodes and, it may be added, also of Hemiaspis, which is a Scottish crustacean of the same geological age. The resemblance _ between these European crustaceans and the American species is, in general lines, so obvious that their close relationship is clearly indicated, but so far as we understand the new form it is materially _ different in some structures, and adds some quite important details for this group. ; In the absence of very definite knowledge of the ventral structure of the group with which these creatures have been associated in classification, they have been provisionally brought together with others under the order name Synxiphosura! with the general subdi- visions (1) Aglaspina and (2) Bunodomorpha, the latter of these combining the following genera: Neolimulus (Silurian, Scotland) ; Bunodes (Silurian, Island of Oesel); Hemiaspis (Silurian, Scotland) ; Bunodella (Silurian, New Brunswick); Pseudoniscus (Silurian, Island of Oesel, New York). Of these, only two genera, Bunodes and Hemiaspis, come into present comparison. Bunodes, according to the descriptions by Eichwald, Schmidt and _Nieszkowski (who termed the fossil Exapinurus) and most recently 1Clarke, in Zittel-Eastman’s Paleontology, Pp: 775. [129] 130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM by Patten (The Vertebrates and Their Kin) is a creature 2 to 3 inches long, with a short semicircular head, a broad thorax or mesosoma of six segments, followed by three narrow segments of the postabdomen with a long single telson spine. The head is marked by five curved radial furrows diverging on each side from the central subtriangular glabellar elevation; and these divide the surface into corresponding radial ridges. Doctor Patten has called attention to the retention of this primitive structure in the Limulus embryo, a fact which’ certainly seems to bespeak the direct descent of the latter from this ancient primitive merostome. The New York fossil, which is here designated by the generic name Bunaia, is like Bunodes in these cephalic structures. Though of very much smaller habit, the carapace shows on the upper surface the same arrangement of parts and on the underside this pentameral division is clearly accompanied by remains of the five pairs of legs, the mouth orifice and, as it seems, the chelate first legs folded down close alongside the mouth. We illustrate here in connection with these features a head of Bunodes lunula, the Oesel species, showing a similar arrange- ment of the five pairs of legs and in addition what appear to be the lateral thickenings of the glabellar ridges. This is a State Museum specimen from which the very thin epidermal film has been removed. Further, the head shield of Bunaia is progressed over that of Bunodes in its thickened margins and extended cheek spines. Patten believed that antennae were present in Bunodes and so restored it, but we find no evidence of these structures in Bunaia. In our specimens the chief difference of Bunaia from Bunodes is in the structure of the abdomen. In the latter there are six broad segments followed behind by three narrow ones. In Bunaia this structure appears to be somewhat different. The cephalon or head shield is followed behind by narrow segments of which seven or eight can be counted, with possibly one missing. These seem to be of somewhat unequal length and to be longitudinally ridged but without lateral flanges. Our knowledge of this structure is restricted to a single example and is subject to qualification. In one of the three specimens there is a broad, detached, smooth spine lying alongside the head, which may have been the telson, though apparently pretty large for the species. The size is as follows: width of carapace 8 mm; estimated total length of animal, inclusive of telson, 23 mm. Remarks. The distinctions we have pointed out are sufficient to justify the generic division Bunaia, but there are still some points REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 131 regarding the abdominal structure awaiting verification. I have dedicated this species to Dr Henry Woodward, founder and now emeritus editor of the Geological Magazine, whose labors among the fossil arthropods have been long continued and most fruitful. Every student of these creatures acknowledges his indebtedness to Doctor Woodward’s honorable and helpful service and it is a pleasure to dedicate to his name and his work, this ancient denizen of New York. The specimens of Bunaia woodwardi are from the Bertie waterlime of East Buffalo, N. Y. 5 Plate 1 133 ae) Bunaia woodwardi Fig. 1: A weathered exterior of a head shield showing the tri- angular central area or ‘‘ glabella’’ and the five pairs of lateral lobes crenulating the surface and corresponding to the legs beneath. x 8 Fig. 2 The interior of a head shield with five pairs of radial appen- dages and evidently a 6th pair at the central mouth. The light colored lines on the right hand radial areas are elevated linear ridges which appear to be parts of the appendages themselves, and it is thought that the broad dark areas may include both legs and gills. x 8 Fig. 3 A crushed and defaced head shield with a postabdomen of ridged segments. x 8 Fig. 4 A telson spine which lies close to the specimen fig. 1 and it is thought may belong to this species. x 8 All the foregoing are from the Bertie waterlime (Silurian) at the East Buffalo quarries. Bunodes lunula Fig. 5 An exfoliated carapace from the Silurian of the Island of Oesel, showing the broad dark bands left by the six pairs of cephalic appendages and also the central divergent ridges which seem to be the interior projections of the ridges of the ‘‘ glabella.” x 3 134 NEW PALEOZOIC CRUSTACEA N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 219-20 } 4 G. S. Barkentin, del. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 135 II CRUSTACEA FROM THE PERMIAN OF SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Through the courtesy of Mr J. Pacheco of the Geographical and Geological Commission of SHo Paulo, I have received a series of new _ crustaceans from the locality of Guarehy in the state of Sao Paulo, the rocks of which are determined as of Permian age. I am not aware of the collateral stratigraphic evidence upon which this deter- mination has been based but all the evidence shown by the rock specimens sent and independently of the crustacean remains, would seem to corroborate this determination of their age. These speci- mens are thin slabs of dark, chocolate-colored magnesian limestone carrying considerable chert scattered through them in nodules and mats, together with some noticeable quantity of pyrite. On the surfaces of these slabs carapaces and other crustacean parts have been flattened out and some of the fragments of rock are composed of such debris. I have been asked by Mr Pacheco to identify and describe these fossils. I find on solution of the matrix that the rock occasionally contains traces of other organic remains replaced in silica, and among these are parts of a Bellerophon and a Loxonema of types which might fairly be regarded as appropriate to the Permian horizon. A single specimen of the crustacean, replaced with chert, has given the true or approximate contour of the carapace, and this has helped very materially to illuminate the original form and probable relationship of the species. In addition to this predominating and abundant material are other remains occurring in a drill core of soft gray shale taken from the same locality; the latter crustaceans are of a different character than the others. Paulocaris pachecoi sp. n. These carapaces vary in size from 15 to 20 mm in axial length and in their flattened form have a semicircular or ungulate shape, notched both back and front. At the front the axial line is extended into a sharply angular and erect rostrum from the base of which an incurved line passes on each side and terminates in a spinule, so that the front margin bears a center spine or rostrum and two lateral spines or spinules. The rear margin of the shield is more broadly incurved in outline and thickened by an arched segment. In the axial line and just back of the central point of the shield is a short, sharp and 136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM thickened ridge often curiously replaced and hardened by chert and in several observed instances this central ridge is out of alinement lying either at one side or the other of the middle line and occasionally askew. Back of the anterior rostral marginal curves and close upon them lie broadly rounded nodal elevations from which low grooves converge backward. The lateral margins of the shield are thickened like whipcord and the surface of the carapaces, when well preserved, shows a fine papillose or linear ornamentation quite peculiar to the species, in the sense that it is not like the linear incised or elevated inosculating ornament which usually marks the fossil Phyllocarids. The very singular feature of this carapace is the mode of preserva- tion of the nuchal margin or ring. On the surfaces of the slabs this ring is exposed frequently in detached condition and it is obvious that in its original state it was greatly thickened so as to strengthen and assure convexity to the head shield. The single convex specimen of the carapaces shows that the form in its original state was elevated and broadly rounded, carrying the curvature indicated by the detached rings found in the rock, and that the carapace was without any evidence of median suture or independent rostrum. The presence of antennae is indicated in one very obvious specimen and by scattered fragments of others. As to the thorax and abdomen, little can be said. There are remains of segments which carry at each extremity a jointed append- age of triangular form. So far as the evidence goes they seem to be attached to the segments as lateral, terminal pieces and not to have © functioned as exopodites. These triangular plates lie scattered about in considerable numbers and it seems from certain segmental struc- tures that they are themselves related to the segmental composition. Of the tail and telson parts nothing definite is now known. Paulocaris was a crustacean of decapod affinities. However much the flattened carapaces suggest alliance to such Phyllocarids as Hymenocaris and the Ceratiocaridae, the solid carapace, the antennae and segments are too clearly decapodan, whatever the station of the genus may prove to be within this order. The other species, represented in the drill core and preserved in clay shale is in two specimens, both together too fragmentary to serve much more than to indicate an interesting species of the ancient shrimps known as Palaeocaris and Gampsonyx. In both these specimens the head is missing. All that remain are portions of the ¢horax and abdomen. The species is doubtless distinct from any recorded and subject to better knowledge may be designated as REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 137 Gampsonyx brasilicus sp. n. The head is absent. The thoracic somites are numerous and appear to be from eight and more, very narrow and bandlike, all the posterior members bearing a median pustule. The abdomen consists of six broader somites with lateral triangular posteriorly directed extensions, those on the ultimate joint being distinctly leaf-shaped. The telson is narrow and the stylets in two pairs, the outer being the longer. EXPLANATION OF PLATES Plate A 139 Paulocaris pachecoi Figs. 1, 2, 3 An uncrushed carapace extracted from a pyritous nodule and showing the normal convexity. Natural size. Figs. 4-11 Flattened carapaces, all enlarged to 2 diameters and showing various structural features. Attention is directed especially to the indications of frontal or ocular nodes, to the rostral spine and the two lateral frontal spines and to the postmedian ridge which is usually, for some reason, hardened and sometimes distorted. Fig. 12 hitherto recorded in Paleozoic formations. The species also appears to be present on slide 5 (X), but the aperture is not shown in the cutting. The aboral end is here a little more extended than the type, but there are four overlapping segments and the outline resembles this species. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 175 Polymorphina compressa d’Orbigny? Plate 4, figures 3a, b Polymorphina compressa, d’Orbigny 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p- 233, pl. xii, figs. 32-34 Polymorphina acuta d’Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 234, pl. xiii, figs. 4, 5 and pl. xiv, figs. 5-7 Polymorphina compressa Parker & Jones, 1865, Phil. Trans., p. 361, pl. xii, figs. 47-51 The few short, biserial (somewhat irregular) forms such as appear on slide 1 are doubtfully placed under this genus. Polymorphinae are not abundant in the chert sections and it is not impossible for us to be mistaken in confusing this genus with short and diagonally cut Bolivinae or Virgulinae types. There is, however, in the above section a strongly lobed margin and more globose segments than in the above genera, and we are therefore placing this form with Polymorphina. The specimen is not very distinct, and the segments are rapidly converging as would be the case in a compressed type; this feature requires continued focusing to bring the structure into view. There are four and five segments visible in each series and the length approximates o.10 mm. The specimen of what appears to be Po ymorphina gibba on this same slide, is much larger and measures 0.25 mm, but the complete form is not seen. P. compressa is often regarded as an elongate variety of P. lactea, but the two are quite distinct and easily distinguished when typical speci- mens are examined. This species is supposed to be represented by casts in the Silurian (Ehrenberg); but it first becomes frequent in Mesozoic strata, and is rather a cosmopolitan form in existing oceans. Parker & Brady’s forms were from the Arctic ocean. © Polymorphina gibba d’Orbigny Plate 4, figures 4, 5 ; Globulina gibba d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7:266, no. 20 Globulina gibba d’Orbigny, 1845, Foram. bss. Vienne, p. 227, pl. xiii, figs. 13, 14 A cross section on slide 1 (also slide 6) resembles closely Polymorphina gibba dOrbigny. One side of the form on the lower border is broken away by a fissure in the slide; but it seems likely that the interior initial chamber was connected 176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM to the large, ultimate, elliptical segment, as would be the case with this species. The form is much larger than in the specimen of P.compressa and measures 0.25 mm in length. The outline is broadly oval with prolonged aperture, a little eccentric, and shows but two well-defined chambers, the inner one more nearly cir- cular and impressed against one side. Typical specimens show more spherical shape than the one we are describing, which is more like P. lactea in some respects. than P. gibba. In the latter there is a different arrangement of sezmentation, and the form is more minute; but there are many closely related types such as. P) aequalis,) Pi > Ware Globulina punctatadOrbigny, Globulina amplec- tans Bornemann, and the variety G. orbicularis, as also P. (Guttulina) deformata Reuss, the latter being some- what similar to the type we are discussing. A few specimens on other slides may belong to this type, but Polymorphina is a hard genus to identify in cross section, as only the outline of segment arrangement can be seen. P. gibba is known from the Trias of ers and is found in existing oceans. Genus ORBULINA d’Orbigny . The genus Orbulina has been recorded from Cambrian strata of New Brunswick, from the Devonian of Paffrath in the Eifel, in the Trias of Bakony, and in every succeeding period; and is today one of the most abundant, pelagic species of every ocean. Nor- mally there is no aperture in Orbulina, which makes the Orbu- lina ovalis of Matthew from the Canadian Cambrian extremely problematical. It is more likely that the form is Lagena instead; but we shall follow Matthew and recognize this type, since in our specimens no aperture occurs and. the shell is not circular as O. uwniversa requires, We therefore with some reservation recognize both O. uni- versa and O. ovalis in the cherts under investigation and ~ a still more problematical large form, O. porosa. The last is known in the Trias and is a large, stoutly built type. Today Orbulina universa is a small form, with thin and delicate shell wall. Our fossil “specimens are large for the type, and not all are truly spherical. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR IQ18 7 ‘Orbulina ovalis Matthew Plate 4, figures 6, 7 Orbulina ovalis Matthew, 1893, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 12:112, pl. 1, fig. 20 ; Oromlinma ovalis Matthew, 1895, Trans: N. Y. Acad. Sci., 14:110, pl. 1, fig. 2 Orbulina universa of existing oceans is always spherical ani normally built of a single chamber. There are occasionally met with double-chambered types in which the segments are ingrown and not bilobed, as in Globigerina bilobata, which never exhibit this sphericity. Such elongation as these types exhibit may belong to the species figured by Matthew as Orbulina ovalis. It is not altogether certain that the few elongated and apparently unicelled Foraminifera, such as are seen on slide 1, really belong here; but it seems probable that they do. There is a very peculiar and irregular distribution of minute circles seen in the cross section of one form shown on this slide, and if these represent chambers our determination is erroneous. In any case, however, oval types are observed which seem to belong to the above species and which may perhaps be allowed to stand. Orbulina porosa Terquem Plate 4, figures 8, 9 Globulina porosa Terquem, 1858, Foram. Lias, ist Mem., p. 633 Orbulina liasica Terquem, 1862, Foram. Lias, 2d Mem., p. 432, pl. v, fig. 4 : Orbulina porosa Vadasz, 1910, Triasforam. aus dem Bakony, p. 29, pl. 1, fig. 30 (errata for 31) a This species of Orbulina differs from O. universa, the common, unicellar, globigerine type, in the coarseness of its pores and the asperate surface. In fossil form it appears in cross section as a roughened, crenulation-like surface, exceedingly minute; but it seems to be sufficiently distinct to be recognized in some forms on slide 6. It is rather larger than O. universa, although this is a minor factor in its identification. The specimen referred to has a diameter of 0.17 mm. The species seems to have been not infrequent in a number of early Mesozoic horizons; but is an exceedingly rare type today, and we have never identified it in existing oceans. The Challenger reported the type from several stations, one in the North Atlantic at 1750 fathoms and another at 1485. 178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Orbulina universa d’Orbigny Plate 4, figures 10-13 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Cuba, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. I We have stated that Orbulina universa appears to lack an orifice, and that thousands of specimens examined by Brady in his Challenger Report material failed to discover any with such opening. D’Orbigny,in his early reports, states that he found such openings, but only on about one-sixth of the material examined. We surmise that such openings existed only in fossil types, due to some weak development of the test and not to biologic design and permanent physiologic feature. ‘There are many minute, and a few large, nearly circular cross sections of Orbulinae on these chert slides; but not all are true spheressuchasO. universa callsfor. These are probably more numerous than our survey shows, for some may be cut away from the center and some may have been originally slightly unsymmetrical. Examples appear to be shown best developed on slides 2, 3 and 6, and a two-chambered form, doubtfully placed here on slide 2 (also slide 6). It is entirely‘possible that Globigerina bull oides cut near its ultimate segment would reveal a similar outline in section. We consider, however, the type to be present in all material studied. Genus GLOBIGERINA d’Orbigny The genus Globigerina, by far the most abundant and widespread of the pelagic Foraminifera of today, represents a well-circumscribed distinct group of involute, somewhat globular-chambered forms. Orbulina is the simplest type of the larger family which by multi- plication of segments becomes most complex in G. cretacea. It is, like Orbulina, known in the Cambrian, and there is seldom any report upon fossil Foraminifera of any age which does not reveal this genus. In the fossil world, however, .it is not well represented specifically, most forms being placed under a very few species of which the entire known series is relatively small. We have, however, in the Bonaventure cherts a remarkable develop- ment of Globigerina, and it is present in every section examined. Moreover, there is a wide divergence in size, segmentation and in ~ variety of species which we could hardly look for in so early a formation. Many of these types appear to be identical with the forms described by Matthew in the Canadian Middle Cambrian of Hanford Brook, St Martin’s and it is not unlikely that some of REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 179 these cherts date back to that epoch. This will be referred to under our discussion of the age of these cherts. The chert types vary greatly in size, measuring from but 0.10 mm in some of the smaller forms to o.28 mm in the larger specimens. Globigerina aequilateralis Brady ; Plate 5, figures 1-3 Globigerina aequilateralis Brady 1879, Quar. Jour. Micros. Sci., Hess LOZ L Globigerina aequilateralis Brady, 1884, Chal. Rep’t, 9:605, pl. Ixxx, figs. 18-21 Globigerina aequilateralis Gos, 1894, K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., Bd. 25, no. 9, p. 86, pl. xiv, fig. 767 It seems stranze that the large, coarsely constructed, aequilateral Globigerina, doubtfully known under the name Phanerosto- mum asperum Ehrenberg, from the island of Rugen Chalk could possibly go back into Lower Paleozoic time; and we have hitherto considered that this type belonged entirely to modern oceans, although it is known in the Miocene. The large, globular- chambered Globigerina showing three well-defined but large seg- ments, with a partial view of a fourth on one side, seen on slide 6, apparently belongshere. It has thick walls, anastomosing segments, and measures 0.2 mm in transverse section. There is an infilling with clouded greenish brown material. The form is too large for G.cretacea and shows too widely-jointed chambers to be identified with G. pachyderma, which it seems to resemble in some particulars. A partial section, also on slide 6 and showing but three chambers, anparently belongs here also. On slide 2, there also appears a large Globigerina filled in its interior with the same greenish brown substance found on slide 6; and we believe this also represents theG. aequilateralis of existing oceans, but only four segments are seen in this example. Globigerina bilobata d’Orbigny Plate 4, figures 14, 15 Globigerina bilobata d’Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 164, pl. 1x, figs. 11-14 There are numerous bilobed Foraminifera on nearly all the slides, and among these is undoubtedly the two-lobed G. bilobata d’Orbigny. There is always a possibility, however, that some of 8 =~ 180 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM these cross sections do not represent Globigerina, but Textularia globulosa forms which are very abundant as well. In the latter case, however, they would be very minute and the septal division distinct and marked by almost straight septal lines between each series. Moreover the segments in Textularia should be of equal size. The large forms ascribed to Globigerina with but two segments symmetrically developed and of unequal size belong to the above species. The two-lobed Globigerina in which the segments are of equal size and often with affluent chambers belongs to the G. didyma of Matthew. One example on slide 1 measures 0.21 mm and has well-defined walls with chambers confluent at the center, which would not hold true for T. glo bulosa Ehrenberg cut on end. The G.. bilobata are generally smaller than G. didyma Matthew. Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny : Plate 4, figures 16, 17 ‘Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7:277 No. 1: Modéle, no. 76 and young no. 17 Globigerina bulloides Cushman, 1918, U. S. Geol. Survey Bul. 676, p. 12, 32, 56, 79, pl. ili, fig. 2; xii, figs. 4, 6 The most abundant of all Globigerina found in these cherts belongs to the above species. It is especially well developed on slides 1, 3, 5 (X) and 6. The diameter of these specimens varies widely, partly due to the various angles at which the sections are cut. The walls are well developed and occasionally relatively thick, and the limits of the forms measured varied from o.11 mm to above 0.21 mm across the entire specimen. Very few cross sections would of course reveal the entire segmentation of a rotaline spiral form like Globi- gerina, even though it were relatively depressed at the apex. The more widespread, angular chambered types belong to G. cretacea d’Orbigny, but these are not very frequent in any of the sections examined. Globigerina bulloides var. Triloba Reuss Globigerina triloba Reuss, 1849, Denks. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1:374, fig. II ? Several trilobed Globigerinae occur in the cherts but they differ from Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny only in possess- ing three segments and we have therefore omitted illustrations REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 181 of this subspecies. All forms placed here are much smaller than the coarsely built, large and irregular, three or four-lobed Globigerina identified as Globigerina cambrica Matthew. Globigerina cambrica Matthew Plate 4, figures 18, 19a, b Globigerina cambrica Matthew, 1895. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 14: iii, pl. i, figs. 5a, 5b, 5c and 6 (G. grandis) Several multilocular, but irregular, Globigerinae closely related to trilobate Globigerina bulloides were described by Matthew as new species. The irregularity of segmentation as com- pared with typical G. bulloides serves to help differentiate these primitive few-chambered forms from those inhabiting recent oceans. On slide 1 is a Globigerina which seems to belong to this type. Another is found on slide 2. Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny Plate 5, figures 4, 5a, b Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny, 1840, Soc. Geol. France, Mem. Ist ser., 4:34, pl. 3, figs. 12-14 Globigerina cretacea Woodward & Thomas, 1884, (1885) 13th Ann. Rep’t Geol. Survey Minn., p. 171, pl. ii (D), figs. 18, 19 Globigerina cretacea Cushman, 1918, U.S. Geol. Survey Bul. 576, p. 56, pl. xiii, fig. 3 Globigerina cretacea represents a widespreading, multi- chambered Globigerina in which the final whorl contains not less than six and often several more segments. These chambers when cut in sections tend to angularity within, and this is especially true on the inner chambers. - This same feature is sometimes revealed in Rotalia, but in the latter the walls possess interseptal canals such as are never found in this genus. One of our specimens shown in slide 1 has twelve spurnente seven of which are in the final convolution. The spherical segments shown above may not represent the entire number originally present; but,they can not be far from that, and the section must have been cut near the median line of the shell. G.cretacea is not well known in existing oceans, but best belongs to the Chalk formation. ' We have identified it in the Cretaceous of New Jersey and the Maryland Miocene, and Cushman’s specimen was from the same horizon. Burrows, Sherborn & Bailey record it from the English Red Chalk but we do not find it recorded from any horizon earlier than the Cretaceous. I think we are correct, however, in the identification of this species in the chert material. Te2 - NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Globigerina didyma Matthew Plate 4, figures 20, 21 a, b Globigerina didyma Matthew, 1895, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Secu, 14:111, pl. 1, figs. 7a, b. (Not Matthew, ibid, v. 12, pl. 1, figs. 1 and 4) Inaddition to typical Globigerina bilobata d’Orbigny formed of two chambers, such as seen on slide 1 where the segments are somewhat smaller and of unequal size, there occur a number of specimens on this same slide where the segments are larger, thicker walled and of nearly equal diameter. Such varieties consti- tute the Globigerina didyma Matthew described from the Cambrian (Middle) of Hanford Brook, N. B. (Div. 1 band 1). Matthew’s description reads as follows: ‘‘Multilocular, probably consisting of four chambers, of which the two final ones are of nearly equal size. There is an arched mouth at the edge of the final chamber, on the opposite side from that whereon the small primary chambers are situated.”’ There is not much ground for recognizing such subspecies as Globigerina didyma or Orbulina \-ovaliiceeiom modified forms of Globigerina bilobata, trilobata, and Orbulina tuniversa which have long been established. Matthew is right, however, in separating these modifications, as varietal subspecies of true Globigerinae, from the more complex and highly multichambered G. cretaceaand G. bulloides of existing oceans. As cross sections of four-lobed Globigerinae would give forms shown as two lobed, we believe we are right in making a distinction between G. bilobata and G. didyma and feel that these really represent primitive forms of this important genus. Genus DISCORBINA Parker & Jones The name Discorbina so long used and well established in all foraminiferal literature has recently been replaced by Dr J. A. Cushman and written Discorbis Lamarck. As this does not accord with the termination of the genera among Foraminifera and as Lamarck in the same report used the term Discorbites which later was used for Discorbis, Discorbina and Rosalina, we do not care to adopt this term or spelling. Moreover, the term Discorbis has been used by few students of the Foraminifera; and the English paleontologists, in papers as late as 1917, retain the term Discorbina. The genus does not seem to be so well represented in early Paleozoic formations as the more highly constructed related genus, Rotalia, which is present in Silurian strata and is well known from the Trias REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 183 on. The segments are often very highly curved or arched, the walls thin and the periphery sharp. We identify one species which seems to belong here. Discorbina orbicularis (Terquem) Plate 5, figures 6, 7a, b Rosalina orbicularis Terquem, 1876, Anim. Plage de Dunkerque, p- 75, Pl. ix, fig. 4, a, b Discorbina orbicularis Parker & Jones, 1896, Paleont. Soc., 50:295, pl. vii, fig. 31, a-c Discorbina orbicularis Vadasz, 1910, Triasforam. aus dem Bak- ony, p. 31, pl. 2, fig. 4 (Called D. orbicularis d’Orbigny sp. instead of Terquem) Discorbina orbicularis Jones, 1896, Pal. Soc., 50:295; pl. vii, fig. 31, a-c This species must not be confused with the Rotalia orbi- cularis dOrbigny, probably the form described originally by d’Orbigny in 1826 as Discorbis orbicularis, and also Gyroidina, as this is a true double-walled septal type such as the Rotalia of today’s literature. We follow Brady in this nomen- clature, both genera and both species with which we are concerned being discussed and described by him in his Challenger monograph. This type according to Brady is best developed today off coral reefs but is known from the North Atlantic as well as in southern waters off the coast of Australia. It has been recognized in off-shore deposits down to 435 fathoms. In our type there are but four chambers in the final whorl, highly arched and obliquely set; and there are three volutions altogether comprising between fourteen and sixteen segments with the central chamber slightly eccentric. The type is best shown on slide 6 and measures 0.14 mm in diameter. The outer disc is not circular, as the final segment overlaps unsymmetrically and the segments expand and become wider on their outer margin. We think that some of the transverse sections may belong to this type, but mcst of such we identify are Pulvinulinae. The species has been reported in the Trias of Bakony, in the Neocomian of Surrey, England, and in various Tertiary deposits. Genus TRUNCATULINA d’Orbigny Of all rotaline forms present in the Bonaventure cherts, the genus Truncatulina is the most abundant. At least three distinct species occur and there are many of these present. Fortunately 184 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM for their identification some are cut on edge and reveal the true plano-convex outline, especially such asin T. lobatula. I do not think this genus has ever been found in the Cambrian although Truncatulina lobatula must certainly be expected, since we have the higher genera, Pulvinulina and Rotalia, in deposits of this period. It has been described from the Carbon- iferous of Europe where several species occur; it is known in every horizon from that era and is one of the most widely known forms in the seas of today. It is moreover found not only in all seas, but down to greatest depths and in all sorts of deposits from shore sands to the radiolarian oozes of the Pacific abysses. It is not possible to establish the genus in every cross section, for Discorbina, Pulvinulina, Rotalia and the like resemble this genus in transparent outline. In the cherts we find Truncatulina well preserved, of good size with well-developed, numerous septa, and in all respects identical with forms existing at the present time. Truncatulina boueana d’Orbigny ; Plate 5, figures 8, 9 Truncatulina boueana d’Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 169, pl. ix, figs. 24-26 Truncatulina boueana Brady, 1876, Pal. Soc., 30: 139, pl. vi, fig. 11. Truncatulina boueana dOrbigny is often included under the synonyms of T. lobatula, and we have ourselves so written it. The distinction, however, has been made, and can be, for those few-chambered forms consisting of but nine segments, as shown in the original description and figure.’ In slide 1 we find a good example of such a type. There are seven segments present in the final whorl and part of the eighth, the primordial chamber not being visible. The outer periphery is slightly lobed, but it has been etched and eroded away on several segments. The septa are somewhat more straight than in the type figures and in this respect it approaches Pulvinulima michelinganeewos Pulvinulinae have as a rule less segments than most rotalian forms, it is not impossible that this form is P. micheliniana. Truncatulina is, we believe, more apt to develop in earlier horizons than Pulvinulina of higher organization. The less arched septa are also more characteristic of Truncatulina than true Rotalia, Pulvinulina, or Discorbina types. , The diameter is 0.10 mm in the maximum and 0.08 mm in the smallest of the specimens. This species must not be confused REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 185 with Pulvinulina boueana d’Orbigny, which has a larger number of arching segments and which is known as early as the Trias as shown by Vadasz. On slide 3 is a large specimen 0.17 mm in diameter and possessing more septa than the type calls for which we are placing under this species. Truncatulina lobatula (Walker & Jacob) Plate 5, figures roa, b, 11 Nautilus lobatulus Walker & Jacob, 1798, Adam’s Essays, 2d ed., p. 642, pl. xiv, -fig. 36 Truncatulina lobatula Williamson, 1858, Recent Foram. Great Brit., p. 59, pl. v, figs. 121-23 The synonymy of T. lobatula is one of the most extensive among rotaline forms, and includes forms with considerable varia- tion in number of segments, amount of marginal limbation and arching of septae; but its spire is low, superior surface always relatively flat or even slightly depressed and there are from two to three convolutions, the ultimate whorl showing normally about eight chambers. The cross sections of this species, which is rather abundant in the cherts of the Bonaventure formation, show well- pronounced marginal sutures, but the ultimate segment is more regular and gracefully convex than in many modern loose-growing forms. One of these sections on slide 1 consists of seven, five and two segments and resembles Rosalina simplex d’Orbigny of the Paris Basin Eocene. An excellent section cut on edge (slide 1) and shown in figure rob illustrates the plano-convex character of this interesting foraminiferan which has such a remarkable geographic and geologic distribution. It is reported in the Carboniferous, Trias and every succeeding formation and is widespread in existing oceans. The species is probably present in every one of the six cherts studied, but the best and most representative specimens, in addition to those given above, are seen on slide 3, slide 4 and slide 6. Truncatulina ungeriana d’Orbigny Plat2 5, figures 12, 13 Rotalina ungeriana d’Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 157, pl. viii, figs. 16-18 Rotalia roemeri Reuss, 1855, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 18: 240, pl. iv, fig. 52 (Typical in segmentation) Truncatulina ungeriana Vadasz, 1910, Triasforam, aus dem Bak- ony, p. 32, pl. 2, fig. 6 (Typical of our form) ; 186 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In existing oceans Truncatulina ungeriana isreported _ from the Arctic and North Atlantic waters and has a wide bathy- metric range. As a fossil it is better known from the Tertiary but has been reported from the Trias and Cretaceous horizcns of the Mesozoic. The original figure of d’Orbigny shows eleven segments in the ultimate whorl, but many published illustrations of this type among the older geologic formations show but nine or, as in our California Pliocene, but eight. The test is well widened at the border and slightly depressed at the sutures, this feature becoming more pro- nounced toward the ultimate segment. There are sixteen chambers in one chert section (slide 3) and these are moderately arched with wide septa, curved and somewhat thickened at the periphery. When viewed on edge this species should show an almost plano-convex form with sharp periphery, asin Truncatulina wueller- storfi (Schwager). Such a form occurs on slide 6 and is placed here. We areimpressed with the rotaline form of this foraminiferan when seen in cross section; but there are no divided septal walls as in the higher type, and we believe we are right in ascribing the spec'- ‘men to this species, although Truncatulina akneriana (d’Orbigny) would give a very closely related appearance in cross view. Another specimen, probably belonging here, is found on slide 5 (X) showing twenty segments; its diameter is only o.10 mm. Genus ANOMALINA d’Orbigny The genus Anomalina belongs to the planorbuline forms of the rotaline group, and it is somewhat doubtful whether the genus should be retained. It has been extensively used, and the type is so well established, however, that we may continue this for rotaline forms of Truncatulina which are complanate and show on both ~ surfaces the entire segmentation. It is in this respect similar to Nonionina or Polystomella, and, like these, possesses a high organi- zation. In the form we identify the septal walls show slight canal systems, or at least they are double as in the higher rotaline genera. We find but one example which seems to belong to this genus,. and it is unusually large for the type and not cut in such a manner that its entire segmentation can be determined. It is rotaline, has double septa in the walls and is plano-convex; so that it would seem to be Anomalina although the genus has never been observed, so far as we are aware, in strata of Paleozoic age. It is best known as a Cretaceous fossil. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 187 Anomalina grosserugosa (Gitmbel) Plate 6, figures 1, 2a, b Truncatulina grosserugosa Giumbel, 1868, Abhandl. bayer Akad. Wiss., II, Cl., 10:660, pl. ii, fig. 104, a, b On slide 5 (X) we find a section of a double-walled, coarsely built and large rotaline foraminiferan in which the cutting has exposed three chambers set on edge. A still better specimen showing four segments cut on edge is seen on slide 1 and is used for our illustration on plate 6. This is one of the largest rotaline species observed and measures 0.27 mm across the four segments. These seem to be “Anomalina grosserugosa (Gitmbel), as they are too large for Pulvinulina and related hyaline types. We tentatively place these specimens under Anomalina, for if they were Nonionina there would be a canal system between the walls as in Rotalia. Since true Rotaliae are present in these cherts we can see no reason why Anomalina should not also be present. The specimen shown on slide 5 (X) measures 0.10 mm in diameter, but the shell must have been cut near the outer margin as but three segments occur. Anomalina grosserugosa is known in late Cretaceous formations but we are not aware that it has hitherto been recognized in Paleozoic formations. Genus PULVINULINA Parker & Jones It is singular that Pulvinulina should have been recorded in deposits of Lower Cambrian age’, as it is a beautiful example of higher rotaline forms. It is, however, constructed with fewer chambers than most of the related genera, but these vary in number from seven to twenty-six, and the shell wall is without a canal system. It is often prismatic in structure, approaching nummuline character, seen so well in Amphistegina and Nummulites. Brady in his Carboniferous monograph recognizes but one species of this genus, but this type is not present in our cherts. In some of the highest types a faint canal system develops, but it is not distinct as in Rotalia. We recognize three species which seem to belong to this genus, and fortunately some of these are cut on edge so as to delineate the convex feature all such forms possess. 1 Ehrenberg, Monats. Preuss, Akad, Wiss. Berlin, 1858, p. 324-27, pl. I. 188 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pulvinulina boueana (d’Orbigny) Plate 6, figures 3, 4a, b Rotalina boueana d’Orbigny, 1848, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 152, pl. vi, figs. 25-27 Pulvinulina boueana Vadasz, 1910, Triasforam. aus dem Bakony, Da 34ypl igs..9, 50 This species of Pulvinulina must not be confused with Trun- catulina boueana d’Orbigny possessing only seven or eight segments. The septa are more arched and there are three whorls of about sixteen segments of which eight, or sometimes nine, are in the final volution. This type is found on slide 1 and is an excellent example of the species. This foraminiferan has been figured from the Septaria Clays by Reuss and the London Clays by Sherborn & Chapman, while the Trias specimens described by Vadasz were from the Protrachyceras zone near Felsoors. According to d’Orbigny, the species still lives in the Adriatic ocean, but it does not appear to have been identified or descriked by Brady in his exhaustive monograph on Recent Foraminifera of the Challenger Expedition. Brady gives as its isomorph forms Dis - corbina sauleii dOrbigny, Truncatulina Samer. ana d’Orbigny and- Rotalia exsculpta ReussveGrecs sections of these types in fossil form would be inseparable unless cut in transverse section instead of horizontal. Pulvinulina elegans (d’Orbigny) Plate 6, figures 5, 6a, b, ¢ Rotalia elegans d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7:276, no. 54 Pulvinulina repanda (Fichtel & Moll) var. elegans Parker & Jones, 1865, Phil. Trans., 155:397, pl. xvi, figs. 44-46 Rotalina partshiana (d’Orbigny) 1846, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 153, pl. vii, figs. 28-30, pl. viii, figs. 1-3 Pulvinulina elegans Goés, 1894, K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., v. 25, no. 9, p. 97, pl. xvi, fig. 808 On slide 5 (X) we find a transverse section of a small, but stoutly built, conical Pulvinulina near P. elegans. The internal structure is somewhat nummuline as shown in published sections of its relative, Pulvinulina partschiana (d’Orbigny), from which this species is with difficulty separated. The lower surface is weakly convex, almost flat, while the superior face is highly coned. The segmentation is not fully determined in our REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 189 specimen; but there are three volutions or whorls visible, and under different focusing one can determine their general position. The shell wall is prismatic and thick, closely like the nummuline structure of Pulvinulina partschiana, shown on page 7oo of the Challenger Report, volume 9, but the chambers are more circular than this type shows. Brady in his Challenger Report does not attempt to separate these two species; but considers P. part- schiana a smaller, more convex, thinner walled form than P. elegans, and adds that P. elegans occurs more often in shoal waters while P. partschiana is usually a deep water form. On the other hand, he considers P. elegans more typical of warm waters, though occurring with its congenitor in all oceans. Goés identified P. elegans in waters of the Arctic ocean and states that it is rare at 1750 meters. Asa fossil it is better known than P. partschiana. It occurs from the Trias through succeeding formations, but is perhaps better known as a Cretaceous type. . The vertical transverse section we are describing measures 0.15 mm in length (diameter) and 0.07 mm through the cone apex. It is very probable that this form occurs in some of our rotaline cross sections; but, if so, they are difficult to identify or separate from. other Pulvinulinae which we know occur in these cherts. Pulvinulina micheliniana d’Orbigny Plate 6, figures 7, 8a, b, ¢ Rotalina truncatulinoides d’Orbigny, 1839, Foram. Canaries, p. 132, pl. ii, figs. 25-27 Rotalina micheliniana d’Orbigny, 1840, Mem. Soc. Geol: France 4:31, pl. iii, figs. 1-3 Pulvinulina micheliniana Parker & Jones, 1865, Phil. Trans., 155:396, pl. xiv, fig. 16 A peculiar diagonal cross section of a form on slide 1 seems to belong to this species, but it is somewhat uncertain owing to the fact that not all segments are visible. The center chambers are perfect and distinctly rotaline; but the outer margin seems to be somewhat disconnected or discontinuous from these, which show on a vaulted and highly thickened wide margin a high and sharp edged spire. It is possible that this form is Truncatu- lina refulgens (Montfort) which is the isomorph of the Pulvinulina type; but from the thickened border and highly invo- lute and many segmented inner whorls, I think it is more likely to be Pulvinulina than Truncatulina. If the indefinite and vaulted Igo NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM external arch is not a part of the interior segments, then our deter- mination is erroneous. Pulvinulina micheliniana has been found in Arctic waters today and is well known as far back as the Cretaceous, where it is rather common. On slide 5 (X), near Textularia trochus, we findea transverse section which is almost certainly Pulvinulina micheliniana, as it is close to what a cross section of the type would be, the vaulted arch being less symmetrical than Truncatulina refulgens (Montfort). An excellent diag- onally cut specimen is seen on slide 4 near the spined radiolarian. Genus ROTALIA Lamarck True Rotaliae form but a small, rather restricted, group as com- pared with Pulvinulina and Truncatulina. They possess true canal systems between the septal partitions and develop a high, turbinoid spire with many chambers. They are, however, often of minute size, and while today Rotalia is abundant in shore deposits of warm and temperate zones, it is known down to 3000 fathoms. When living in favorable shoal waters it is larger and may develop supple- mental skeleton. It possesses minute pores like the nummuline forms, and the walls are of fine calcareous texture. ; Geologically, Rotalia gces back to the lowest Cambrian; but it does not become abuidant until Mesozoic time, and is especially prominent in Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. We have one very beautiful and large foraminiferan belonging to this genus, Rota ltavorbiecularis (d’Orbieny). whieh geass 252 a in transverse width. . Rotalia orbicularis (d’Orbigny) Plate 6, figures 9, 10 Gyroidina orbicularis d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7:278, no. 1, Modéle, no. 13 Rotalia orbicularis Parker & Jones, 1865, Phil. Trans., 155 7389, pl. xvi, fig. 34 Slide 5 (X) shows one of the highest rotaline types of Foraminifera, namely true Rotalia. Rotalia has double septal walls, which are very apparent in the higher magnification (x174) given this cross section. Canal systems are not present in many rotaline genera such as Cristellaria, but become highly specialized in Nonionina Polystomella and Nummulina. We regard the development of Rotalia as most remarkable. Were it not for this canal structure REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 IQI we should hesitate to identify the genus in such an early occurrence; but there can be little doubt as to the correct generic type, although we are not so sure about the specific identification. This species seems to accord more closely with R. orbicularis than any other published form, but the margin is much more symmetrical and not so lobate as some fizures of the species. The specimen consists of eighteen or possibly nineteen chambers, the last one broken away; and there are ten chambers in the last convolution and three volutions in all. The diameter is 0.013 mm, maximum width. Rotalia orbicularis must not be confused with Discor- bina orbicularis known from the Trias and later horizons. By Parker & Jones, R. orbicularis is considered a variety of Rotalia beccarii (Linné), but it is best to keep the two distinct. It occurs today in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans and Parker & Jones describe the species as follows: ““This extremely delicate and minute abyssal variety of R. beccarii is: but little removed from R.soldanii; but it is smaller, and has its upper face still flatter and smoother than in R. soldanii. It is in shape half an oblate spheroid, having the upper side flat, the lower forming a low rounded cone.”’ Fossil specimens have been recorded from the London Clays and the Eocene of Paris, and it seems to be widely distributed in the Tertiary. The genus Rotalia is reported from Silurian strata in the Llandovery beds but it does not seem to be at all common until the Mesozoic. List of Foraminifera Identified in the Bonaventure Cherts of New Brunswick Anomalina grosserugosa (Gumbel) Bolivina dilatata Reuss ie punctata d’Orbigny reticulata Hantken Bulimina pupoides d’Orbigny i pyrula d’Orbigny Cristellaria acutauricularis (Fichtel & Moll) i gibba d’Orbigny Discorbina orbicularis (d’Orbigny) a9 Oo ON An PW ND H 1 Phil. Trans., 1865, p. 389 192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM To II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3D 36 37 38 39 Globigerina aequilateralis Brady i bilobata d’Orbigny a bulloides d’Orbigny i * var. triloba Reuss cambrica Matthew cretacea (d’Orbigny) + didyma Matthew Lagena globosa (Montagu) “laevis (Montagu) © marginata (Walker & Boys) Nodosaria communis (d’Orbigny) PS radicula (Linné) soluta Reuss Orbulina ovalis Matthew i porosa Terquem universa d’Orbigny Polymorphina communis d’Orbigny . compressa d’Orbigny gibba d’Orbigny Pulvinulina boueana (d’Orbigny) * elegans (d’Orbigny) micheliniana (d’Orbigny) Rotalia orbicularis (Terquem) Textularia gibbosa d’Orbigny Bs globulosa Ehrenberg gramen d’Orbigny pupa Reuss trochus d’Orbigny © Truncatulina boueana (d’Orbigny) re lobatula (Walker & Jacob) af ungeriana (d’Orbigny) ce 3 (3 ce ce ce Valvulina sp. Verneuilina pygmaea Egger Virgulina schreibersiana d’Orbigny ee Squamosa Czjzek subsquamosa Fgger ce EXPLANATION OF PLATES cos ae thie TO, A me < ‘ “4 . ’ \ t a . val . : ‘ ro ay : , ‘. nA my iS i] % ro, ' = eat v Niall " ws Pe ’ ‘ ' if : } d : t i W La hw Nn un con ie) Il GENUS TEXTULARIA DEFRANCE Textularia gibbosa d’Orbigny Thin section, x 58. (Slide r) Entire specimen, x 30. a, lateral view; 6, end view. (After Brady, Pai. Soc., v. 30, 1876, pl. 10, figs. 26 a, b) Textularia globulosa Ehrenberg Thin section, x 174. (Slide 3) Entire specimen, x 75. a, lateral (front) view; 6, side view; c, end view. (After Jones, Pal. Soc., v. 49, 1895, pl. 6, figs. 18 a, b, c) Textularia gramen d’Orbigny Thin section, x 174. (Slide 4) | Entire specimen, lateral view, x 60. (After Cushman, U.S.G.S. Bul. 676, 1918, pl. 2, fig. 1a) ; Textularia pupa Reuss Thin section, x 174. (Slide 3) . Entire specimen. a, front view; 6, side view. (After Reuss, sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, v: 40, 1860, pl: 73,;igceGmaemo The largest example measured 1.2 mm in length; 0.62 mm in breadth) Textularia trochus d’Orbigny Thin section, x 116. (Slide 5 (X)) Entire specimen, x 12. a, lateral view; 6, end view. (After Jones, Parker and Brady, Pal. Soc., v. 16) 1eG5syolemer figs. 17, 18) GENUS VALVULINA D’ORBIGNY Valvulina sp. Thin section, x 58. (Slide r) Thin section of a smaller type and different species, x 174. (Slide 4) TO4 BONAVENTURE FORAMINIFERA N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 219-20 Plate 1 G. S. Barkentin, del. A vn sy Wf ee Md Aa & ON o1 com Io IEA 12 13 GENUS VERNEUILINA D’ORBIGNY Verneuilina pygmaea (Egger) ? Thin sections, x 174. a, short; stout form: 6) longwikenman (a, slide 2; 6, slide 4) Entire specimens, lateral views, x 35. a, short, stout form; b,longform. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, pl. 47, figs. 4, 6) GENUS BULIMINA D’ORBIGNY Bulimina pupoides d’Orbigny Thin section, x 174. (Slide 1) Entire specimen, lateral view, x 175. (After Bagg, U. S. G. 5S. Bul. 268, 1905, pl. 3, fig. 2) Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny Thin section, x 290. (Slide 1) Entire, specimen, lateral view, x 25. (After Bagg, U. S. G. S. Bulo 523, ror2, plo, es. 1d) GENUS VIRGULINA D’ORBIGNY Virgulina schreibersiana Czjzek Thin section, x 174. (Slide 2) . Entire specimen, x 24. (After Parker and Jones, Phil. Trans., VaronTsOsh ple mel teraG) Virgulina squamosa d’Orbigny Thin section, x 174. (Slide 2) Entire specimen, length 1.16 mm. (After Goés, K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., v. 25, 1894, pl. 9, fig. 456) Virgulina subsquamosa Egger Thin section, x 174. (Slide 2) Entire specimen, length o.48 mm. (Ref. cit., pl. 9, fig. 474) Virgulina sp. Thin section, x 116. (Slide 3) 196 BONAVENTURE FORAMINIFERA N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 219-20 G. S. Barkentin, del. NS aN Nuon \o © pe) Il 12 Us) Plate 3 GENUS BOLIVINA D’ORBIGNY Bolivina dilatata Reuss Thin section, x 174. (Slide 5 (X)) Entire specimen, x 100. (After Brady, Parker and Jones, Trans. Zool. Soc., v. 12, 1888, pl. 43, fig. 3) Bolivina punctata d’Orbigny Thin section, x 232. (Slide r) Entire specimen, length 0.78 mm. (After Goés, K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., v. 25, 1894, pl. 9, fig. 476) Bolivina sp., perhaps B. reticulata Hantken Thin section, x 116. (Slide 6)- Entire specimen of B. reticulata, x 70. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, 1884, pl. 53, fig. 30) Bolivina sp. ° Thin section, x 174. (Slide 6) This may be a shortened form POLbe ad tlata ta) Neuss ats oublme) is) nearer Brett 1- culata Hantken and B. tenuis Brady. GENUS LAGENA WALKER & BOYS Lagena globosa (Montagu) Thin section, x 116. (Slide 6) Entire specimen. (After Vaddsz, Triasforam. aus dem Bakony, 1910, pl. 1, fig. 11. Specimens with length 0.32 mm, 0.436 mm; breadth 0.2 mm, o.4 mm) Lagena laevis (Montagu) Thin section, x 174. (Slide 2) Entire specimen, x15’. (After Bagg, U.S.G.S. Bul. 513, roz2, pl. 13, fig. 6a) Lagena marginata (Walker & Boys) Thin section, x 116. (Slide 3) Entire specimen, x 24. (After Parker and Jones, Phil. Trans., Venusisy TOOg pl. 13, tie. A2a) 197 GENUS NODOSARIA LAMARCK Nodosaria communis d’Orbigny 14 Thin section based on sketch by author. (Slide r) 15 Entire specimen, x 83. (After Bagg, U. S. G. S. Bul. 573, 1912, pl. 16, fig. 8) Nodosaria radicula (Linné) 16 Longitudinal section. (After Brady, Pal. Soc., v. 30, 1876, pl. 10, fig. ro) 17 Entire specimen. (Ref. cit., pl. 10, fig. 6) Nodosaria soluta Reuss 18 Thin section, x 174. (Slide 2) 19 Entire specimen. (After Vaddsz, Triasforam. aus dem Bakony, 1910, pl. 1, fig. 14a. Length 1.5 mm; breadth .o316 mm) GENUS CRISTELLARIA LAMARCK Cristellaria acutauricularis (Fichtel & Mel 20 Thin section, x 116. (Slide 5 (X)) 21 Entire specimen, x 7o. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 0,. 1884, pl. 114, fig. 17a) Cristellaria gibba d’Orbigny 22 Thin section, x 174... (Slide 4) 23 Entire specimen, x 25. (Ref. cit., pl. 60, fig. 9) I98 BONAVENTURE FORAMINIFERA N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 219-20 ne. G. S. Barkentin, del. Plate 4 GENUS POLYMORPHINA D’ORBIGNY Polymorphina communis (d’Orbigny) 1 Thin section, x 232. (Slide 5 (X)) 2 Entire specimen, periphero-lateral aspect. (After Bagg, -U. S. Ceoesullesrs ropa plan, me 14) Polymorphina compressa d’Orbigny 3 Entire specimen, x 24. a, front view; b, side view. (After Parker and Jones, v. 155, 1865, pl. 13, figs. 47, 40) Polymorphina gibba d’Orbigny 4 Thin section, x 174. (Slide 6) s Entire specimen, x 120. (After Cushman, U.S.G.S. Bul. 676, 1918, pl. 2, fig. 4) GENUS ORBULINA D’ORBIGNY Orbulina ovalis Matthew 6 Thin section, x 116. (Slide 4) 7, Entire specimen, x 20. (After Matthew, N. Y. Acad. Sci., TW ddl, GEOR. Foils iy aie, a) Orbulina porosa Terquem 8 Thin section, x 174. (Slide 6) g Entire specimen, diameter 0.32 mm. (After Vaddsz, Triasform. aus dem Bakony, 1910, pl. 1, fig. 30 (in error for fig. 31) Orbulina universa d’Orbigny to Thin section of single-chambered form, x 116. (Slide 5 (X)) tz Entire specimen, x 50. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, 1884, OME Sic. eakemeam) 12 Thin section of double-chambered form, x 116. (Slide 6) 13 Entire specimen, x 50. (Ref. cit., pl. 81, fig. 20) 199 GENUS GLOBIGERINA D’ORBIGNY Globigerina bilobata d’Orbigny 14 Thin section, x 174. (Slide 1) 15 Entire specimen, x 175. (After Bagg, U.S. G. S. Bul. 268, 1905, pl. 7, fig. 8) Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny 16 Thin section, x 174. (Slide 1) 17 Entire specimen, x 50. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, 1884, pl. 79, fig. 7a) | Globigerina cambrica Matthew 18 Thin section, x 58. (Slide r) 19 Entire specimens, x 10. a, with initial chambers external; b, with initial chambers internal. (After Matthew, N. Y. ANGEIGL SG ayn ieig tnstolsn jolla ues ime. yan 10) Globigerina didyma Matthew 20 Thin section, x 58. (Slide 1) 21 Entire specimen, x 10. a, front view showing orifice; b, side view. (Ref. cit., pl. 1, figs. 7a, b) 200 Plate 4 IFERA BONAVENTURE FORAMIN N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 219-20 G. S. Barkentin, del. ae i ae ay ai ok se) 1 AL 12 ro GENUS GLOBIGERINA D’ORBIGNY Globigerina aequilateralis Brady Thin section, x 174. (Slide 6) Entire specimen (bottom specimen), x 50. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, 1884, pl. 80, fig. 18) Surface specimen, x 50. (Ref. cit., pl. 80, fig. 20) Globigerina cretacea d’Orbigny Mainisection: ca r745. (Slides) e) Entire specimens. a, superior aspect; 6, inferior aspect. (After Woodward & Thomas, 13th Ann. Rep’t Geol. Surv. Minn., 1884 (1885), pl. D, figs. 18, 10) GENUS DISCORBINA PARKER & JONES Discorbina orbicularis (Terquem) Thin section, x 174. (Slide 6) Entire specimen, x90. a, superior aspect; b, peripheral aspect. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, 1884, pl. 88, figs. aa, c) GENUS TRUNCATULINA D’ORBIGNY Truncatulina boueana d’Orbigny Thin section, x 174. (Slide 1) Entire specimen, superior aspect, x 100. (After Brady, Pal. SOC! W-,30, £070, DLO; mein a) Truncatulina lobatula (Walker & Jacob) Thin sections, x 174. a, cross section (slide 3); 6, edgewise section (slide 1); these sections were important in the identification of the species Entire specimen, superior aspect, x 60. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, 1884, pl. 92, fig. 10) Truncatulina ungeriana d’Orbigny Thin section, x 174. (Slide 5 (X)) Entire specimen, superior aspect; length 0.42 mm, thickness 0.22 mm. (After Vadasz, Triasforam. aus dem Bakony, 1910, pl. 2, fig. 6a) BONAVENTURE FORAMINIFERA N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 219-20 G. S. Barkentin, del. : On ~“ 1Ge) GENUS ANOMALINA D’ORBIGNY Anomalina grosserugosa (Gtimbel): Thin section, cut edgewise, x 116. (Slide 1) Entire specimen, x 40-50. a, superior aspect; b, peripheral aspect. (After Brady, Chal. Rep’t, v. 9, 1884, pl. 04, figs. 4a, c) GENUS PULVINULINA PARKER & JONES Pulvinulina boueana (d’Orbigny) Thin section, x 232. (Slide 1) Entire specimen; length 1 mm, breadth 0.87 mm, thickness 0.42 mm. a, superior aspect; b, inferior aspect. (After Vadasz, Triasforam. aus dem Bakony, 10910; pla figs. ga, b) Pulvinulina elegans (d’Orbigny) Thin section, transverse, x 174. (Slide 5 (X) ) Entire specimen, x 50. a, superior aspect; b, inferior aspect; c, peripheral aspect. (After Brady, Parker and Jones, Trans.’ Zoo. S0c., V. 12, 1888, pl: 40, figs. 2o,1bNe) Pulvinulina micheliniana (d’Orbigny) - Thin section, x 174. (Slide 1) Entire specimen, x so. a, superior aspect; b, inferior aspect; ¢, peripheral aspect. (After Brady, Parker and Jones, Trans. Zoo. Soc., v. 12, 1888, pl. 46, figs. roa, b, ¢) GENUS ROTALIA LAMARCK Rotalia orbicularis (d’Orbigny) Thin section, x 174, showing interseptal canals which are not seen, or at least not well defined in periphery. (Slide 5 (X) ) Entire specimen, superior aspect, x 50. (After Brady, Chal. Rept, .v. 9, 1884, plo rag, ie. 6a) 204 BONAVENTURE FORAMINIFERA N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 219-20 Plate 6 G. S. Barkentin, del. A RECURRENT PITTSFORD (SALINA) FAUNA BY RUDOLF RUEDEMANN The discovery of a faunule consisting of eurypterids, crustaceans and a few brachiopods and mollusks in black shale intercalated near the base of the Salina beds led to the differentiation of these basal beds by Doctor Clarke (1903) as Pittsford shale. At the same time the overlying “ Salina shales ’’ of earlier authors were separatedinto the Vernon and Camillus shales. These red, green and gray shales with intercalated abundant gypsum beds and flaggy dolomites, though reaching a combined thickness of a thousand feet, have proved nearly barren of fossils until two years ago when Mr Shelley Crump of Pittsford observed fossils in the Vernon shale brought out of the barge canal at Pittsford, N. Y. He informed . Prof. G. H. Chadwick in Rochester of his discovery, who in turn imparted the interesting information to the State Museum. Two weeks collecting by C. A. Hartnagel and an equal time given the work by the writer and his assistants have altogether furnished but twenty-six drawers of material, which proves that fossils are very rare even under the extremely favorable condition of collecting from an enormous dump pile. The novelty and peculiarity of the faunule, however, fully repaid for the often discouragingly slow work of collect- ing. The writer made a special effort to get noneurypterid material that would aid in clearing up the question of the habitat of the eurypterids which form the dominant element of the fauna and succeeded in finding a small number of brachiopods and mollusks. As in the Pittsford shale, most of the fossils were obtained in the dark gray to black shale bands and the dolomite slabs. There occur, however, fossils also in the green shale, especially ostracods, and very rarely eurypterids; and Professor Chadwick informs me that he has also found ostracods in the red shale. The following is a list of the forms found: Lingula semina Ruedemann c Lingula sp. -rr *Rhipidomella sp. rr *Atrypa reticularis (L) tr *Trochoceras aff. costatum Hall rr [205] 206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM *Hexameroceras chadwicki Ruedemann tr Worm-borings cc | Leperditia scalaris Jones cc sp: Emmelzoe decora Clarke r *Ceratiocaris salina Ruedemann cc C. cf. praecedens Clarke rr Eurypterus pittsfordensis Sarle cc Mixopterus multispinosus (Clarke & Ruedemann) *Hughmilleria phelpsae Ruedemann tr *Pterygotus vernonensis Ruedemann tr The complete list of the Pittsford shale fauna (see Clarke 1901, Sarle 1901, Ruedemann 1916) is: . Lingula semina Ruedemann cc Pterinea poststriata Ruedemann cc Hexameroceras cf. chadwicki Ruedemann rr Orthoceras sp. rr Leperditia scalaris Jones cc Emmelzoe decora Clarke r Pseudoniscus roosevelti Clarke rr Ceratiocaris praecedens Clarke tr Eurypterus pittsfordensis Sarle c Mixopterus multispinosus (Clarke £5 Ruedemann) tr Hughmilleria socialis Sarle c H. socialis var. robusta Sarle rr Pterygotus monroensis Sarle rr A comparison of these faunules' brings out the fact that they are alike in their general aspect and composition. Disregarding the species that are very rare in either of the two formations and therefore might be present in the other, but have failed of observation, the principal difference between the two faunules consists in the common occurrence of Hughmilleria socialis in the) Pitestore fauna and its absence in the Vernon fauna where it is replaced by the rare H. phelpsae; and further in the abundance of the minute Ceratiocaris salina in the Vernon shale, which as yet has not been observed in the Pittsford shale. One might therefore well designate the Pittsford shale as the horizon of Hughmil- 1The new forms in the Vernon shale are marked with an asterisk. . The designations of frequency of occurrence (cc,.c, r, rr) are only relative. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 207 leria socialis, and that of this higher shale as that. of Weratiocaris salina.’ The prominence of Hughmilleria in the Pittsford shale, its suppres- sion in the Vernon shale and its entire absence in the Bertie waterlime and in still later eurypterid-faunas are significant facts in regard to the age-determination of the Shawangunk grit fauna. The Shawan- gunk grit was correlated with the Pittsford shale, when its fauna was discovered and found to contain as its dominant element a Hugh- milleria. This conclusion was unavoidable at the time, the genus Hughmilleria then not being known from any other horizon and locality in this country. The discovery of the Ordovician eurypterid-faunas, described by Clarke and Ruedemann in the Eurypterida of New York from the Normanskill shale and the Schenectady beds, has thrown a different light on the range of Hughmilleria, for in these Ordovician faunas Hughmilleria was found to be a constant and dominant element. The Hughmillerias of the Pittsford shale and Shawangunk grit, not being specifically identical can therefore no longer be considered as demonstrating the taxonomic equivalency of these beds. The Hughmillerias of the Pittsford shale, Vernon shale and Shawangunk grit are clearly the last stragglers of a once flourishing race and, as such, of less stratigraphic significance than they would ke otherwise. On the whole their occurrence in a Silurian horizon would indicate an age earlier than the Bertie waterlime and a relative dominancy of species of Hughmilleria would point to a comparatively early Silurian age. NOTES ON THE FOSSILS OF THE VERNON SHALE Hexameroceras chadwicki nov. Plate 3, figures 7-9 Professor Sarle (1903, p. 1085) cited from the Pittsford shale a “ pentalabiate Gomphoceras.’”? The specimen to which Professor Sarle had reference is now in the State Museum and consists of a living chamber with poorly preserved aperture, leaving it undecided whether the form belongs to Pentameroceras or Hexameroceras (see Ruedemann, 1916, pl. 27, fig. 1). The Vernon shale has afforded a specimen, here figured, that in size and outline agrees with the fragment from the Pittsford shale and 1As pointed out to me by Mr Hartnagel, it is of interest to note that the occurrence of this fauna is near the western terminus of the red Salina shales. This may explain the fact that the development of the Vernon at Pittsford is not quite typical and also account for the presence of a higher intercalation of dark fossiliferous shale. 208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM probably belongs to the same species; and that at the same time exhibits a well-preserved aperture leaving no doubt of its proper generic reference to Hexameroceras. We will therefore describe it and we take pleasure in naming it after Professor Chadwick who kindly informed us of the opportunity of collecting in the Vernon shale at Pittsford. : The holotype of the species consists of a living chamber, very much compressed in the axial direction of the cephalopod, but apparently undisturbed in transverse direction. The section was oval, with the dorsal and ventral extremities slightly produced and acute, the ventral one more so than the dorsal. The dorso-ventral axis measures 45.5 mm at the widest part; the minor axis 37.5 mm. The length of the much compressed living chamber is about 15 mm. The aperture is 20.5 mm at its widest (dorsal) extremity and about 31 mm long. It consists of six deep brachial sinuses, three on each side, and one median sinus on the ven- tral side. The sinuses decrease in size toward the ventral side, so that at the third pair the aperture is but 11 mm wide. The dorsal brachial sinuses are the deepest; they and the following pair are perpendicular to the axis of the aperture, while the third, smallest pair is oblique to the axis. The median sinus is small and continued into the hyponomie slit leading into the hyponomic sinus, which was at the ventral extremity of the shell, but is not fully preserved. The siphuncle which is seen on the underside of this specimen, is marginal on the ventral side, and about 7 mm wide. Two camerae preserved under the living chamber suggest a low, narrow saddle on the ventral side and a broad, low saddle on the dorsal side. A second, smaller specimen (plate 3, figure 9 ) is compressed ‘aterally and serves to show the shortness of the living chamber, which is 16.5 mm long and 30 mm wide. The camerae are very shallow in depth, about one-twelfth of the greatest width, and the septa seem to have been equally shallow. Horizon and locality. Vernon and Pittsford shale at Pittsford Nye Mixopterus multispinosus (Clarke and Ruedemann) Plate 1, figures 3-7; plate 2, figures 1-4; plate 3, figures 4-6 Clarke and Ruedemann (1912, p. 297) have described as Sty - Vomit ts: a (Care miosot em, tS) mult. 5. pio acme species of eurypterid from the Pittsford shale, that was based on two walking legs and a sternite. The longer one of the walking REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1918 209 legs, through its series of fine, long, slender spines on the fourth joint, appeared to us as a typical representative of the subgenus Ctenopterus of Stylonurus, no such longitudinal series having then been observed in any other Eurypterid genus except Ctenopterus and the Ordovician Echinognathus. In the latter of these, how- ever, the spines are differently shaped and form a contiguous series, and the endognathite is not slender but short and compact. To our surprise, the collecting in the Vernon shale furnished speci- mens that combine this Ctenopterus leg with the body of an Eusarcus, as far as outline of carapace, position of eyes, form of metastoma, predominant length of second pair of endognathites, shape of swim- ming legs, surface sculpture and curved telson spine are concerned. On the other hand, the preabdomen is not much broader than the posterior edge of the carapace and not at all broadly subcircular, as in Eusarcus; and gradually contracting into the postabdomen, in this regard again recalling Stylonurus. It is thus obvious that this form combines, in a curious way, characteristic features of Eusarcus with certain characters of Stylonurus. A character apparently foreign to both Stylonurus and Eusarcus is the development of two longitudinal furrows on the tergites of the postabdomen, which separate the flat lateral portions of the tergites from the convex axial part and give the abdomen a trilobed aspect. This feature had already been observed by F. Schmidt (1904) in his Stylonurus simonsoni and described as ‘“‘ Dorsalfur- chen.” Clarke and Ruedemann (1912, p. 231) have later placed this species of the Baltic Silurian with Eusarcus and it is quite probable that it is congeneric with our multispinosus. The generic term Mixopterus* is here proposed for forms which, like the genotype M. multispinosus, unite the following characters of Eusarcus, namely: subtriangular carapace; forward submarginal position of compound eyes, subtriangular form of metas- toma, predominant length of second pair of endognathites and decreasing length of following endognathites, powerful swimming legs with long blade and short proximal joints, and curved telson spine, with the following characters of Stylonurus (subg. 1, Ctenop- terus), namely: a relatively narrow preabdomen, and gradually contracting postabdomen, and a series of longitudinally arranged vertically attached spines upon the longer endognathites.