H S

^^b"^'

m

^:.

#■'

*:;. ,t

♦.'■'Ci

NIXUS PLANTARUM.

AUCTOIIE

JOHANNI LINDLEY,

l'ini,. Df)CT., ri!.OFESSORK r.ONDINENSl.

LONDINI:
APUD RIDGWAY ET FILIOS.

1833.

LONDINI :

TYPIS J. MOYES, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE.

Ordinationem plantarum naturalem dictam magna parte arti-
ficiosam esse omnibus notissimum est.

Classes equidem primarii characteribus physiologicis freti, vere
naturales evadunt basesque immutabiles systematis constituunt. Ordi-
nes etiam, specierum structuree congruentia strictissime limitati,
maxima pro parte naturales sunt, nec ansam praebent censori.

Sed omnes reliqujB subdivisiones, quse medium tenent inter classes
et ordines, his superiores, illis inferiores, omnino veris affinitatibus
repugnant ; genera proxima sejungunt, et diversissima in eadem
vicinia male collocant.

Nec sunt sententise Botanicorum magis inter se conformes quoad
classium subdivisiones. Altera parte Jussisei habemus methodum
antiquiorem simplicissimam, Candollii mutationes, nostramque ana-
lyticam, quse omnes ex professo artificiales sunt ; ab altera Agardhii
opera sestumatissima BartHngiique, qui viam ad meliores res aj^jeruere;
necnon Reichenbachii conspectum Schultziique ordinationem, quorum
iste pessime hic melius affinitates veras plantarum perspexit ; ut
taceam de ahis.

Re ita se habita, talique Botanices Systematicae statu, longe
majoris videtur momenti systema naturale perficere, divisiones inter-
medias quae haud minus naturales erint quam primariae et ultimse
instituendo, quam novos ordines proponere, de quorum dignitate,
systemate ipso imperfecto, vix judicandum est. De die in diem
numerus ordinum adeo augetur, ut novum chaos oriturum vix dubito,
si longius aciem disponere cunctemur.

Non ille sum profecto qui tale officium libenter susciperem ; nec
si quis esset inter illos scientia^ magistros qui nostris diebus tanta luce
inclaruere, qui sedulo animum in hoc studium convertisset, unquam
suscepissem ; fama enim vix speranda est, vituperatio potius timenda,
in incepto quo tot tantique viri jam succubuere. Sed periculum
imminet, tota scientia mole ruit sua ; nec video ullam aliam esse spem
salutis, quam omnes partes systematis artificiosas rejiciendo, novamque
ordinum distributionem vere naturalem substituendo. Si nullum in
systema naturale perficiendum conamen hucusque feliciter evenit,

persuasum mihi habeo in eo cst, quod ssepius proposita qusedam Jus-
siseana de characterum valore pro certissimis hahita fiierunt, quee
nihiloniinus inter fallacissima habenda sunt. Talia prffsertim sunt
periyijncsis et /ii/po(/>/uesis ; characteres equideni utiles, et pro gene-
ribus vel etiam ordinibus stabiliendis graves, sed vix affinitatum
ulteriorum indicia, nec nisi rarissime ad subdivisiones classium idonei.
Characteres hujusmodi, scilicet hypogynesis et perigynesis, inter
Jussireanos fundamentales, meo sensu sunt quam maxime lubrici, ut
non dicam dolosi. £J. g. Mimosas habemus hypogynas inter Legumi-
nosas siKpius perigynas, tot Saxifragearum hypogynas quot perigynas,
Caryophyllearum genus Larbream perigynam medio turbae hypogy-
narum, plurimaque alia cuique Botanico cognita; nec intelligeudum
est quare adhesio filamentorum cum tubo calycis, sa^pius vix dete-
genda, tanti sit momenti ut formas dirimet aliter simillimas.

Nec minus gravis est error milhes repetitus, characterem dare
sectionem, nec sectionem characterem. Num dogma illud reci-
piendum sit omnino ex natui-a characteris pendere videtur ; cha-
racter si fundamentalis, absolutus est, et sectionem definit ; si levioris
sit ponderis, ad sectiones limitandas parum est idoneus, et rejiciendus.
E. g. endogeneitas est character Endogenarum ; quis Smilacem
Dioscoreamve his expelleret, quia facies earum est Menispermi vel
Eviphorbiacege cujusdam? Prseterea ajfinitas, methodi naturalis
fundamentum, nihil est nisi characterum congruentia essentiahum, ut
analogia accidentalium.

Quid igitur essentiale? et quomodo inter diversos gradus cha-
racterum distinguaraus ? Ecce difficultas ; non verbis, sed expe-
rientia sola solvenda. Dictis eorum minime assentio qui charac-
terum valorem a priore determinaudum putant, et gradum dignitatis
gradui evolutionis parem statuunt. E contrario, hoc solurn pro
certo habemus, characteres physiologicos nulhs postponendos, ut sexus
prsesentia vel absentia, germiuationis vel crescendi niodus, et anatomia
interna truncorum ; omnesque ahos, sive e floris structura, sive
fructus, sive seminum aHorumve partium, nunc graves nunc leviores
esse in diversis regni vegetabilis regionibus, ob causas hucusque om-
nino ignotas. Verbi causa, epigynesis florum inter Compositas abso-
luta est et omnino illis plantis essentiahs, Ericeis minoi'is est mo-
menti Vaccinio teste, Saxifrageis nihili est ; albuminis magna copia
embryonc rainimo comitata, divisionera primariam Dicotyledonearum
polypetalarura constituere videtur, sed intcr Monopetalas mere est
accidentalis, ut Orobancheis Pyrolaceisque probatur.

llis praemissis, verba paucissima dicam de systemate.

Nullam existere sectionem limitibus certis et absolutis circum-
scriptam plurimis auctoribus visum est; speciebus solis cbaracteres
limitatos pertinere asserituv ; vix autem recte. Notae pbysiologicae
omnes videntur absolutse, v. gr. sexualitas et esexualitas, endogenesis
et exogenesis, gymnospermesis, etc. ; cbaracteres e structura derivati
soli sunt qui vacillant. Ui, pbysiologicis inferiores, nixus varios plan-
tarum tantum exprimunt, nunc in unam speciem evolutionis ten-
dentium, nunc in alteram ; talium quidem definitiones nullffi, diagnoses
soUe adbibenda;. Horum nixuum cbaracteres ita dicti nibil sunt nisi
indicia formarum prsevalentium quae in typis inveniuntur : cxcep-
tionibus abundant, " ad cbaracteres autem," ut bene dixit Agardbius,
" non ad affinitatem pertinentibus." Plantae quie idede nixus maxime
sunt conformes cbaracteribus sectionis omnino respondebunt, quae
maxime aberrant minus, imo minime; sic Onagrales quse polypetalae
sunt Halorageas comprebendunt apetalas, Ericalesque hypogynae
Vaccinia epigyna. Tabum ordinum characterem maxime essentialem
bitere possibile est ; sed usque dum melior detegatur, solus est quo
utamur. Hoc autem mibi maxime persuasum babeo, eum laborem
Danaideum tentare qui Naturam in externis immutabilem depre-
bendere molitur.

Dispositiouem dicbotomam omnium naturalissimam esse, et uni-
cam veram posuit Friesius ; ex bac quaternariam derivari apud omnes
constat; quinariee autem, quam vindicavit acutissimus Macleay, neces-
sitas minus manifesta est, existentia imo ejus diu me efiugit. Fa-
tendum autem est, series affinitatum quas in systemate nostro maxime
sunt naturales, sa^pius in ordinem quinarium, me invito, collocari.

Circulos magis minusve clausos veras affinitates plantarum expri-
mere, ut bene exposuit Friesius, saepissime inveni, nec dubito quin
revera sit bsec lex affinitatis lapis lydius. Nihilorainus circuli plurimi
adsunt adliuc imperfectissimi, quorum forte quidam semper incom-
pleti erint, ex ipsa rerum natura; alii, etmaxima pars, mox perficiendi,
ut experientia quotidiana docuit. Studium sit Botanicorum saltus
hos, vel si mavis biatus, perite replere ; sic enim bibores in punctum
unicum directi ad scientiae perfectionem pertinebunt ; sic vera sec-
tionum dignitas, sic verae nixuum relationes patefactae erint, et Regni
VegetabiHs Systema nomen JVaturale ^ure sibi vindicabit.

NIXUS PLANTARUM.

SiNGULA splia^ra (sectio) ideam quandam exponit, indeque ejus
character notione simplici optime exprimitur. Fries.

CLASSES.

r I. EXOGEN^ angiospermffi.

r vasculares "• GYMNOSPERM^.

Sexuales [lll. ENDOGENiE.

[ evasculares IV. RHIZANTHE^.
V. ESEXUALES.

Hi circulum foimant, cujus centrum sunt Exogence et Endogenoe, et
punctum commune Esexuales. Ordinatio hujusmodi:

Exogenee, Endogenee,

Gymnosperma?, Rhizanthese,

Esexuales.

Exogense in Endogenas abeunt per Smilales, in Gymnospermas per
Piperales ; Gymnospermse in Esexuales per Equisetum et Cycadem ;
Esexuales in Rhizantheas per Fungos ; Rhizantheaa in Endogenas per
Aroideas : sic circulus completus.

Classis T. EXOGENiE.

Subclasses siiiit

'Completae ; calyce corollaque perfectis ; v. saltem calyce altius

evoluto si petala desint ; abeunt in
( 1. POLYPETALAS.

3. MONOPETALAS.
^ 2. INCOMPLET^E ; coi-olla nulla ; calyce ssepius parum
evoluto V. omnino deficiente.

Exogenarnm niilla inventa est divisio magis naturce consentanea quam
illa qufE 6 fioris evolutione diversa pendet : revera cliaracteres liaud seniper
constant, et difficultas oritur e generibus alioquin omnino ordinibus poly-
petalis pertinentibus in quibus nihilominus petala deficiunt, et similibus.
Coordinatio tamen his principiis fundata omnino naturalis est, si rite
perspiciantur.

Meo sensu omnes ordines quibus sunt organa floralia herbacea depau-
peratave Incompletis pertinent, non obstante duplici horum organorum
serie — quales sunt Menispermesc ; nec a polypetalis repellendi ahi, quales
Euphorbiaceae, quibus petala colorata ssepissime adsunt, quamvis genera
quasdam Europsea usitatiora petalis carent. Genera polypetala, quae ob
petalorum cohesionem monopetala simulant, segre equidem distinguenda nisi
affinitate et eo quod petalorum bases parum adhterent; hoc autem, si rite
observetur, difficultatem diminuit — in veris monopetalis styli rarissime di-
viduntur, et pistilla raro apocarpa sunt; dum fere omnes polypetalse quorum
petala cohserent sunt apocarpa ; v. g, Meliacese, Diosmeas, Malvacese, Cras-
sulacese, Anonacese, Leguminosse, &c.

SuBCLAssis L POLYPETALiE.
Cohortes sunt

L Albuminos^ ; embryone albumine multoties minore.

2. Gynobasic^ ; carpellis circa axin elevatum perductum or-

dinatis.

3. Epigyn^ ; ovario infero, ssepius disco epigyno. (N.B. Huc

pertinent genera quaidam hypogyna* diplosteraonea, calyce
longe tubuloso : laciniis depauperatis.)

4. Parietales ; placentis parietalibus.

5. Calycos^ ; calyce incomplete verticillato : sepalis 2 exte-

rioribus.

6. Syncarp^ ; characteribus nullis prtBcedentium ; sed carpellis

conferruminatis.

7. ApocARPiE ; characteribus nuUis prsecedentium ; sed carpellis

distiuctis, v. facie separabiUbus, v. sohtariis.

* Hoc libello omnia genera hypogy:.a dicuntiir quihiis ovarium superum, et epigyna
quibus hiferum ; ergo hypogynesis nostra = perigyncsiu et hypogynesiu aliorum.

Seu

Apocarp^ (rosales) (ranales) AlbuminosjE
(saxales) {ranales)

{onagrales) (jnalvales)

Epigyn.t; Syncarp^

{cucurhitales) {silenales)

(passionalcs) (cistales)

Parietales Calycos^

(violales) (guttales)

(geraniales) Gynobasicje (rutales)

CoiioKs I. ALBUMIN0SJ5.

Nixusl. Ranales. Apocarpse, herbaceae, v. placentis
saspe parietalibus.

Tri-pentamerce, aquosae .... 1. Ranunculaceae.

1. § Sarracenniese.
Di-tetramerse, ssepius lactifluse . . 2. Papaveraceae.

2. § Fumariacese.
Vitellosse 3. Nyniphaeacese.

3. I Podophylleae.
3. I Hydropeltideae.

Cryptocarpae 4. Nelumboneae.

Perigynae * . . . 5. Cephaloteae i?.^r.

Nixus 2. Anonales. Apocarpae, lignosae.

Unisexuales, trilobae 6. Myristiceae.

Stipulatae, impunctatae 7. Magnoliaceae.

Stipulatae, punctatae 8. Wintereae.

Exstipulatae, tripetalae 9. Anonaceae.

9. § Schizandreae^/.
Exstipulatae, pentapetalae . . . .10. Dilleniaceae.

Nixus 3. Umbellales. Epigynae, umbellatae.

Dicarpae 11. Umbelliferae.

Pleiocarpae 12. Araliaceae.

Nixus 4. G7'ossales. Epigynae, racemosae.

Parietales 13. Grossulaceae.

Centrales,* polyspermae .... 14. Escalloniese.
Centrales, oligospermae .... 15. Bruniaceae.

• i. e. placentis centralibiis.

10

Nixus 5. Pittosporales. Ilypogynce, centrales.

Olif^ospernia^, biloculares . . . . IG. Vites.
Polyspermee, pluriloculares . . . 17. Pittosporeae.
Scliistopetalse, asymmetricse . . . 18. Olacinese.

Polysperma, 1-locularis 19. ? Dionaea.

Cohors verosimiliter omnino naturalis ; etiam characteri essentiali con-
formis, si Nelunibium exalbuminosum cxcipias. Dionasa sola ahenigena
videtur ; forsitan punctum commune Pittosporalium adhuc incomplctarum,
inter quas omnino analoga est cum Cephaloto in Ranahbus, Adrasta;a? in
Anonalibus.

Non obstantibus ordinibus quibusdam deficientibus, cohors circuhim fere
clausum efficit. Ranales in Umbellales abeunt per Thahctrum ; Umbellales
in Pittosporales per Leeam ; Pittosporales in Grossales per Vitim et Biilar-
dieram ; Ranales in Anonales per plurima genera.

Series affinitatum fortasse sequenti modo exponenda est ;

Magnoliaceae Ranunculaceae

Winterese Papaveracese ^

Anonacese Nymphseaceae |

Myristicese Nelumboneae Is

Dilleniace8e..(^^m6'^rfa)..Cepbalote8e i^

'(?Dion8ea) —

[ Escalloniese
j Bruniacese

Olacinese
Pittosporese
{Billardiera)
Grossulace8e...(i?i&es)...^Vites {Leea).

I ( Tittmannia)

U

Umbelliferse
Araliaceae.

{Obs. Genera annectentia litei"is cursivis indicantur.)

a

CoHORs II. GYN0BASIC7E.

Nixus 1. Rutales. Monostylse (v. punctatae).

Gynobasis carnosa, carpella distincta . 20. Ochnaceae.
Alternifoliae, staminibus squamis insertis 21. Simarubaceae.
Exstipulatse, capsulares .... 22. Rutacese.

22. i^ Diosme8e.

Stipulatse, oppositifolise 23. Zygophyllese.

Unisexuales 24. Xanthoxyleae.

Nixus 2. Geraniales. Polystylae, syncarpae.

Indehiscentes, symmetricse .... 25. Hydrocereae.

Indehisccntes, asymmetricse . . . 26. Tropeeoleee.

Pentacocca^, rostratai 27. Geraniacese.

Polyspermae, symmetricse .... 28. Oxalide^e.

Polyspermae, asymmetricne , . . 29. Balsamineae.

11

Nixus 3. Coriales. Polystylae, apocarpae.

30. Coriariese.

Nixus 4. Florkeales. Monostylse, schistocarpae.

3J. Limiumthese R. JBr.

Cohois ab A;j;aidliio primum stabilita, procul dubio naturalissima,
quamvis adhuc turuiis plurimis orbata. Brunonius stationem Florkealium
mclius fjuam ego perspexit.

CoiioRs III. EPIGYNiE.

Nixus 1. Onagrales.

Tetramerse .

Oliganclrae, centrales.

32. Onagrariae.

32. ^ Circeeacege.

32. § Haloragese.
Monocarpae, ijlatypetalae ... .33. Combretaceae.
Monocarpee, stenopetalse . . . . 34. Alangieae.

Interstipulares 35. Rhizophoreae.

! Hypogynae 36. Salicarise.

Nixus 2. Myrtales. Polyandrae, centrales.

Unicostatae, staminibus inflexis . . 37. Memecylese.

Punctatse

Multicostatffi, staminibus inflexis
Alternifolise, irregulares
Impunctatae, staminibus rectis

Nixus 3. Cornales. Valvatae.

StipulatfB 42. Hamamelideee.

Exstipulatae 43. Cornese.

Parasiticse, petalis antheriferis . . 44. Lorantheae.

Nixus 4. Cucurbitales. Parietales.

Unisexuales, apetalse 45. Cucurbitaceae.

Coronatae* 46. Loaseae.

Pleistopetalae 47. Cacteae.

Glanduliferae,pctalis sepalisque similibus,48. Homalineae.

38. Myrtaceae.

39. Melastomaceae.

40. Lecythideae.

41. Philadelpheae.

Nixus 5.

Begoniales.

Unisexuales, centrales.

49

Begoniaceae.

Characteri cohortis hujus repugnant equidcm omnes Salicariae pluresque
Melastomacesc ; an igitur verus? Naturali tamen nexu omnes colligi
videntur, et locum optime indicari Begonise adhuc incerto sitse. Cucur-
bitace-c^ revera apetalee sunt, sed earum calyx maxime evolutus corollse
procul dubio fungitur officio.

i. e. stamiiiil)ii.s abortivis coronam PassifloraB simulantibus.

12

Coiious IV. PARTETALES.

Nixusl. Cruciales. Curvembriae, exalbumiiiosae.

Tetradynamse 50. Cruciferae.

Polycindree 51. Capparideae.

Tricarpse 52. Resedaceae.

Nixus 2. Violales. Oligandrae, corona nulla.

Stipulatce 53. Violaceae.

Punctatae 54. Samydeae.

Siliquosse 55. Moringese.

Circinatae 56. Droseraceae.

Calyce costato 57. Frankeniaceae.

Nixus 3. Passionales. Coronatae, petiolis saepius
glandulosis.

Stipulatae 58. Passifloreae.

Unisexuales 59. Papayaceae.

Placentae per omnem parietem effusae 60. Flacourtiaceae.

Exstipulatae, ovario stipitato . . . 61. Malesherbiaceai.

Exstipulatae, ovario sessili (corona 0) 62. Turneraceae.

Nixus 4. Bixales. Polyandrae, punctatae.

63. Bixineae

Passionalium character certe latet, ob Tuvneraceas ; cseterum cohors
affinitates bene colligit. Resedaceas Capparideis conterminas esse olim
negavi, mox Brunonius asseruit, nuper Henslovius probavit. In hoc quoque
pessinie judicavi quod Datisceas Resedaceis appropinquavi, non obstante
Brunonii sagacissimi monitu.

CoiioRs V. CALYCOS^.

Nixusl. Gtittales. Polyandrae, exalbuminosae, iso-
petalge.'^

Oligospermae, simplicifoliae . . . 64. Guttiferae.
Oligosperniae, compositifoliae . . . 65. Rhizoboleae.
Polyspermae, asymmetricae, alternifoli3e.66. Marcgraaviaceae.
Polyspermge, polystylae .... 67. Hypericineae.

Nixus 2. Theales. Polyandrae, exalbuminosae, ani-

sopetalae 68. Ternstromiaceae.

Nixus 3. Acerales. Asymmetricae, oligandrae.

Gymnopetalae, fructu dimero clauso

alato 69. Acerinese.

Discoideae, petalis appendiculatis,

fructu trimero 70, Sapindaceae.

Gymnopetalte, fructu dehiscente . . 71. Hippocastaneae.

Papilionaceae 72. Polygaleae.

Calcaratae 73. Vochyaceae.

* i. c. petalis sepalis aequalibus.

13

Nixus 4. Cistales. Albuminosae, regulares.

Decanclra; 74. Lineee.

Polyandree, involucratee .... 75. Chlenaceae.
Polyandree, monostylse, radicula hilo

remota 76. Cistineee.

Polyandrae, polystylae, trichospermte 77. ReaumurieEe.

INixus 5. Berherales. Monocarpae, antherarum val-

vulis recurvis 78. Berberideee.

Hujus cohortis characteres cautc distinguendi. Gynobasica3 phnimpe
calyccs habent pariter imbricatos, sed gynobasci amoventur. Imbricatio in
eo constat quod verticillus foHorum florahum frangitur, unde unum vel 2
foliola calycis ceeteris omniiio sunt externa.

ConoRS VI. SYNCARPiE.

Nixus 1. Malvales. Valvatag, carpellis 4 v. pluribus.

Synandrsc, antheris bilocularibus . 79. Sterculiaceoe.

Synandrse, antheris unilocuhiribus . 80. Malvaceee.

PorandrjB, schistopetalaj . . . . 81. Elseocarpece.

Eleutherandrai, hypogynae . . . 82. Tiliacese.
Synandrae, calyce in fructu aucto irre-

gulari 83. Dipterocarpeae.

Nixus 2. Meliales. Imbricatae, carpellis 4 v. pluribus.

Tubiferse, seminibus apteris . . . 84. Meliacese.

Submonadelphee, seminibus alatis . 85. Cedrelese.

Monadelphee, connectivis dilatatis . 86. Humiriaceae.

Punctatee, fructu succulento . . . 87. Aurantiaceee.

Perigynee, disco maximo .... 88. Spondiaceae.

Nixus 3. Rhamnales. Valvatae, carpellis 4 paucioribus.

Stamina petalis opposita .... 89. Rhamneae.
Stamina petalis alterna
Porandrse, carunculateie . .
Subpolyandrae, succulentse

Balsamifluse

90. Chailletiacese.

91. Tremandrese.

92. Nitrariaceee.

93. Burseracese.

Nixus 4. Euphorhiales. Imbricatae, carpellis 4 pauci-
oribus.

Unisexuales, tricoccae *94. Euphorbiaceee.

• Enphorliiaceae apetalis semper refeniiitiir ; iiescio quo jnre, cum inter genera 61
cl. .TussifL'!) illustrata, 32 sunt coroliata ; ordinis evolutio veisus petala et statum completum
mauifeste tendit.

14

IlermapliroditjE, synpotalae . . 95. Stackhouseae.
Polyspennai, synpetalae . . . 90. Fouquieraceae.
Hermaphroditae, apopctalse . . 97. Celastrineee.

97. § Hippocrateaceae.

97. I Staphyleaceae.
Unguiculatae, pterocarpae . . . 98. Malpighiaceae.

98. § Eryt.hroxyleae.

Nixus 5. Silenales. Embryo circa albumen farina-
ceum arcuatus.

Disepalae 99. Portulaceae.

Tetra-penta-sepalae, sepalis concretis. 100. Sileneae.
Tetra-penta-sepalaBjSepalisdistinctis.lOl. Alsineae.
Loculicidae, trichospermae . . . 102. Tamariscineae.
Stipulatae 103. Illecebreae.

CoHORs VII. APOCARP^.

Nixusl. Rosales. Exalbuminosag.

Regulares 104. Rosaceae.

104. § Pomaceae.
104. I Sanguisorbeae.

104. I Amygdaleae.
Leguminiferae,radiculahiloproxima. 105. Leguminosae.

105. § Swartzieae.
105, § Caesalpinieae.
105. I Mimoseae.

Leguminiferae, radicula hilo remota. 106. Connaraceae.
Stylus a basi carpellorum . . . 107. Chrysobalaneae.
Pleistopetalae 108. Calycantheae.

Nixus 2. Saxales. Dicarpae, polyspermae, albuminosae.

Porandrae, polyandrae .... 109. Baueraceae.
Oppositifoliae, stipulis interpetio-

laribus 110. Cunoniaceae.

Alternifoliee 111. Saxifrageae.

Nixus 3. Ficoidales. Curvembriai, albuminosse.

112. Ficoideae.

Nixus 4. Crassales. Pleiocarpge, polyspermae, albu-
minosae.

Carpella sepalis alterna . . . . 113. Crassulaceae.
Staminum dimidia sterilis . . . 114. Galacineae.

Nixus 5. Balsamales. Balsamifluae.

Punctatec, monocarpae . . . . 115. Amyrideae.
Impunctatae 116. Anacardiaceae.

15

SuBCLAssis II. INCOMPLET^.
Cohortes simt

1. TuBiFER^; calyce tubuloso, saepe corollam simulante; (nec

characteribus scquentium).

2. CuRVEMBRi^ ; embryone circa albumen arcuato, v. hippo-

crepico, v. spirali ; (calyce raro tubuloso).

3. RECTEMBRiiE; calycc valJe imperfecto, embryone recto.

4. AcHLAMYDE^ ; calycc corollaque omnino deficientibus.

5. CoLUMNiFER^ ; staminibus monadelphis.

Seu

CuRVEMBRi^ (scZemZes) {daphnales) Tubifer^.
(cocculales) {'. protealcs)

{jjiperales) (arlstolochiales)

ACHLAMYDE/E CoLUMNIFERiE

{salicales) {1 nepenthales)

(amentales) .... Rectembri^ .... (1 urticales)

Nyctaginece idese subclassis in quibusdam speciebus repugnant, calyx
enim petaloideus omnino plantas polypetalas refert. Thymelsearum glandulae
fauciales stamina abortiva videntur nec petala, quia nec marcescunt nec
unquam in statu petaloideo augentur.

CoHORs I. TUBIFER^.
Nixus I. Santalales. Epigynae. . 117. Santalaceae.

Nixus 2. Daphnales. Imbricatae, monocarpge.

Eleutherandr^e, lepidotae
Eleutherandrae, glabrtE
Unisexuales, cotyledonibus lobatis
Monadelphae

Nixus 3. Proteales. Valvatae.

Nixus 4. Laureales. Antherarum valvulis recurvis.

Foliosae, arborescentes, aromaticse . 123. Laurinese.
Aphyllse, herbaceee, insipidoe . . 124. Cassytheaj.

Bartl.
Nixus 5. PenCEales. Polycarpae. 125. Penaeaceaj.

CoHORs II. CURVEMBRI7E.

Nixus 1. Chenopodales. Albuminosae, radicula liilo
proxima.

Xeranthse, multibracteatae . . . 126. Amarantaceae.

Chloranthse, monocarpae . . . . 127. Chenopodeae.

Chromanthse, polycarpee .... 128. Phytolacceae.
D

118. Elseagneae.

119. Thymelseae.

120. Hernandieae.

121. Aquilarineae.

122. Proteaceae.

16

Nixus 2. Polyg07mles. Albuminosa?, radicula hilo

aversa 129. Polygoneae.

Nixus 3. Petivales. Exalbuminosa?, cotyledonibus

SpiralibuS 130. Petiveracesc.

Nixus 4. Sclerales. Albuminosae, tubo calycis in-
durato.

Limbo calycis herbaceo . . . . 131. Sclerantheae.
Limbo calycis petaloideo . . . 132. NyctagineaB.

Nixus 5. Coccidales. Exalbuminosae, cotyledonibus

planis 133. Menispermeai.

Menispermeas revera incompletas esse, non obstantibus verticillis du-
plicibus perianthii, vix dubitandum ; nec ulla est ratio quare ad polypetalas
relegentur nisi numerus partium ternarius, character sane levissimus. Mediura
quasi tenent inter Exogenas et Endogenas.

CoHORs III. RECTEMBRI^.

Nixus 1. Amentales. Pleiocarpae, amentiferae.

Flores foeminei cupula cincti . . 134. Cupuliferae.
Flores foeminei amentis squamatis

ordinati 135. Betulineae.

Nixus 2. Urticales. Monocarpae v. polycarpse, con-
tinuse (evaginatae).

Scabridse,antherislong.dehiscentibus 136. Urticese.

136. § Ceratophyileae.

136. § Artocarpeae.
Antherae transverse dehiscentibus . 137. Stilagineae.

Insipidee, hypogynae 138. Empetreae.*

Aromaticae, hypogynae .... 139. Myriceae.
Balsamifluae, epigynae .... 140. Juglandeae.

Nixus 3. Casuarales. Monocarpae, articulatae (vagi-

natae) 141. Casuarineae.

Nixus 4. Uhnales. Dicarpae, scabrae. 142. Ulmaceae.
Nixus 5. Datiscales. Polyspermae.

Epigynae 143. Datisceae.

Hypogynae 144. Lacistemeae.

* Stigma squainaeqTie hypogynse inter alia veram affinitatem Empetrearum cum
Myriceis demonstrare videntur.

17

CoHORs IV. ACHLAMYDE^.

Nixus 1 . Pipe7'ales. Spicatae, monocarpae.

Oppositifoliae,stipiilisinterpetiolaribus. 145. Clilorantheae.
Alternifoliee, polycarpre .... 146. Suururese.
AlteraifoliiB, nionocarpse . . . 147. Piperaceae.

Nixus 2. Salicinales. Amentacese, monocarpae v. apo-
carpae.

Polyspernice, seminibus comosis . 148. Salicinese.

Monospermae 149. Plataneae.

Polyspermae seminibus calvis . . 1 50, Balsamifluae Bl.

Nixus 3. Monimiales. Involucratae.

Antherae longitudinaliter dehiscentes 1.51. Monimieaj.
Antheraruni valvulae recurvae • . 152. Atherospermeae.

Nixus 4. Podostemales. Dicarpae, polyspermae.

15-3. Podostemese.
Nixus 5. Callitrales. Polycarpae. 154. Callitrichineae.

CoiioRs V. COLUMNIFER^.
Nixus 1. Nepentliales. Hypogynas. 155. Nepentheae.

Nixus 2. Aristolochiales. Epigynae. 156. Aristolochiae.

SuBCLAssis III. MONOPETAL^.

Cohortes sunt

1 . PoLYCARP^ ; hypogynse (raro epigynae) ovario polycarpo.

2. Epigyn^ ; epigynae, ovario 2-00-carpo.

3. DiCARPiE ; hypogynse regulares, ovario dicarpo.

4. Personat^ ; hypogynae irregulares, ovario dicarpo.

5. AGGREGATiE ; ovario monocarpo.

Seu

Aggregat^ (asterales) (campanales) Epigyn^
{dipsales) {cinchonales)

{labiales) (primulales)

Personat^ Polycarp^

{scrophulales) {nolanales)

{solanales) Dtcarpje {echiales)

18

CoHous 1. POLYCAllPiI<:.

Nixus 1. BreiXiales. Exalbuminosae, carpellis 5.

157. Brexiaceae.

Nixus 2. E7'icales. Porandrse, carpellis 4-5.

Semina alata 158. Pyrolaceae.

Antherse biloculares, semina aptera . 159. Ericeae.

Antlierse biloculares, ovarium inferum 160. Vaccinieae.

Antherae uniloculares IGl. Epacridese.

Nixus 3. Primulales. Schistandrae, albuminosae, car-
peilis 4-5.

Herbse, petalis staminibus oppositis . 162. Primulacese.

Lignosee, petalis staminibus oppositis 163. Myrsinese.
Lactescentes, calyce corollaque du-

plicibus 164. Sapotese.

Aquosae, staminibus sepalis duplis . 165. Ebenaceae.

165. § Styraceae.

Aquosse, staminibus sepalisa^qualibus 166. llicineoe.

Nixus 4. Nola7iaIes. Schistocarpae, carpellis 5 pluri-

busve 167. Nolanaceee m.

Nixus 5. Volvales. Carpellis 2-4.

Aphyllae, embryone spirali . . . 168. Cuscutese m.
Volubiles, sestivatione plicata . . 169. Convolvulacesc.
Rectee, aestivationeimbricata, carpellisS. 1 70. Polemoniacese.
Polystylge, polyspermse .... 171. Hydroleaceae.

CoHORs II. EPIGYN^.

Nixus 1. Campanales. Exstipulatee, polyspermse.

Synandrffi 172. Lobeliaceae.

Eleutherandrse 173. Campanulacese.

! Polyandrae ??174. Belvisiea}.

Diandrae 175. Columelliaceae.

Nixus 2. Goodenales. Stigma indusiatum.

Gynandrae 176. Stylidieae.

Polyspermae 177. Goodenoviae.

Ohg-ospermae 178. Scaevoleae.

Nixus 3. Cinchonales. Stipulae interfoliaceae.

Albuminosai 179. Cinchonaceae.

Exalbuminosae 180. Lygodysodeaceae

BartL

19

Nixus 4. Capriules. Exstipulatae, oligospermae.

181. Caprifoliaceae.

Nixus 5. Stellales. Didymocarpse, foliis verticillatis

exstipulatis 182. Stellatse.

CoHORs III. DICARPiE.

Nixus 1. Gentianales. Symmetricae, carpellis accum-
bentibus ( ).

Induviatae, imbricata^ 183. Gentianeae.

Valvatse 184. Spigeliaceae.

Contorta;, eleutherandrae .... 185. Apocyneae.

Gynandrse 186. Asclepiadeae.

Nixus 2. Oleales. Diandrae.

Valvatae 187. Oleaceae.

Imbricatae 188. Jasmineae.

Nixus 3. Loganiales. AsymmetricEe, pleiandrae.

Stipulatae 189. Loganiaceae.

Subpentandrac 190. Potaliaceae.

Nixus 4. EcJdales. Inflorescentia gyrata.

Schistocarpae 191. Boragineae.

Syncarpae, stylo bifido .... 192. Ehretiaceae.

192. § Heliotropiceae.
Syncarpae, stylo dichotomo . . . 193. Cordiaceae.
Uniloculares, placentis parietalibus 194. HydrojDhylleae.

Nixus5. Solanales. Symmetricae, carpellis incum-
bentibus 3-

Curvembriae, cotyledonibus cylindricis 195. Solaneae.
Rectembriae, cotyledonibus foliaceis . 196. Cestrineae

Schlecht.

CoiioRs IV. PERSONATiE.

Nixus 1. Labiales. Bi-quadri-ovuliferse.

Schistocarpae 197. Labiatae.

Sub-4-IocuIares, radicula infera . . 198. Verbenaceae.
Sub-4-locuIares, radicula supera . . 199, Myoporineae.
Biloculares, ovulis pendulis, anth. 1-Ioc. 200. Selagineae.
Biloculares, ovulis erectis, anth. 2-Ioc. 201. Stilbineae ^^^,

Nixus 2. Bigno7iiaIes. Exalbuminosae, retinaculis
nullis.

Pterospermae 202. Bignoniaceae.

20

Nucamentaceae 203. Pedalineae.

Quadriplacentatee, seminibus apteris 204. Cyrtandraceae.

Nixus 3. Scrophulales. Polyspermas, albuminosae.

Folioste, ovario supero .... 205. Scropliularinege.
Aphyllge, embryoue minuto . . . 200. Orobanchege.
Foliosse, ovario subinfero 1-loculari 207. Gesnereae.

Nixus 4. Acanthales. Exalbuminosag, retinaculatae.

208. Acanthaceae.

Nixus 4. Lentibales. Placenta centrali libera.

209. Lentibulanae.

CoHORs V, AGGREGAT^.

Nixus 1. Asterales. Syngenesistae.

Albuminosae 210. Calycereae.

Exalbuminosae 211. Compositae.

N.B. Circulus verosimiliter clausus, si Compositas e 4 ordinibus, nempe
Cynarocephalis, Corymbiferis, Cichoraceis, Bilabiatisque habeas.

Nixus 2. Dipsales. Eleutherandrge, epigynae.

Monocarpae 212. Dipsaceae.

Tricarpae, carpellis 2 abortientibus . 213. Valerianeae.

Nixus 3. Brunoniales. Monostylse, indusiatae.

214. Brunoniaceae.

Nixus 4. Plantales. Monostylae stigmate nudo.

Spurie* pluriloculares 215. Plantagineae.

Asymmetricae 216. Globularineae.

Nixus 5. Plumbales. Pentastylse, pentamerae.

217. Plumbaaineae.

Classis II. GYMNOSPERM^.

Unigemmatae, vernatione gyrata . 218. Cycadeae.

Multigemmatae, strobiliferae . . . 219. Coniferee.

Multigemmatffi, monanthae . . . 220. Taxineae.

Acotyledoneae 221. Equisetaceae.

• Septorum situs loculos esse omnino abnormales pistillumque simplicissimum optime
probat.

21

Seu

CycadejE Coniferae

(zamia)
Equisetaceae {ephedra) Taxineae

Equiseta verosimiliter sunt Sexualium infimus gradus; inflorescentia,
systemate vasculari, sexu (nempe filamentis clavatis = antheras, nucleo =
ovulum), habitu, denique rudimentis lamellarum lignearum in trunco,
sexualibus congruunt, e contrario e.>exualibus ovulo impcrfecto tantum con-
veniunt, — charactere ut videtur minoris ponderis si ovula Rhizanthearum
rite pcrpendas.

Classis III. ENDOGEN^.

Coliortes sunt

1. Epigyn^ ; eleutherandrae, ovario infero.

2. Gynandr^; synandrse, ovario infero.

3. Hypogyn^ ; flore trimero colorato, ovario supero.

4. Imperfect^ ; flore herbaceo, v. imperfecto, v. nuUo, v. de-
nique dimero colorato, ovario supero.

5. Glumace^ ; bracteis squamaceis perianthii loco.

Seu

Gynandr^ (orchidece) {ixiales) Epigyn^
(apostasiece) (hromeliales)

( liliales) ( pandales)

Hypogyn^ Imperfectje

(juncales) (typJiales)

(restiacece) .... Glumace^ .... (cyperacece)
CoHORs I. EPIGYNiE.

Nixus 1. Amomales. Penniveniee.

Monandrai, anthera 2-loculari . . 222. Scitamineae.
Monandrse, anthera 1-loculari . . 223. Marantaceae.
Pleiandrae 224. Musacese.

Nixus 2. Narcisscdes. Hexapetaloidese, hexandrae.

Parviflorae, testa crustacea . . . 225. Hypoxideee.

Grandiflorae, planifolise .... 226. Amaryllidese.

Equitantes, lanigerae 227. Haemodoraceae.

Equitantes, pterocarpae .... 228. Burmannia^.

Unilocularcs, pUicentis parietalibus . 229. Tacceae Presl.

Nixus 3. Ixiales. Triandrse. . . . 230. Irideae.

Nixus 4. Bromeliales. Tripetaloidese, lepidotae (al-

buminosse) 231. Bromeliacese.

22

Nixus 5. Hydmles. Tripetaloideae, glabrae (exalbu-

minosse) 232. Hydrocharideae.

CoiioHs II. GYNANDRiR.

MonandrsB 233. OrchideBe.

DiandriB, ovario 1-loculari . . . 234. Cypripediege m.
Diandrae, ovario 3-loculari . . . 235. Apostasiese m.

Conous III. HYPOGYN^.

Nixus 1. Pahnales. Hexapetaloidese, embryone vago.

236. PahnEe.

Nixus 2. Liliales. Hexapetaloideae, embryone axili.

PetaLa post anthesin involuta . . 237. Pontedereae.
Hexandrte, antheris posticis . . . 238. Melanthacege.
Irregulares, extrafloreni appendiculatse 239. Gilliesieee.
Hexandrse (parviflorse) testa crustacea 240. Asphodeleae.
HexandrsB (grandiflorae) testa moUi . 241. Liliacese.

Nixus 3. Conmiehdes. Tripetaloidese, syncarpse.

242. Commelineae.

Nixus 4. Alismales. Tripetaloideae, polycarpae.

Placentis diff^usis 243. Butomeae.

Placentis marginibus 244. Alismaceae.

Nixus 5. Juncales. Subglumacese.

Hegulares 245. JuncecE.

Irregulares, calyce diphyllo . . . 246. Philydreae

R. Br.

ConoRs IV. IMPERFECT^.

Nixus 1. Pandales. Spadiceae, drupaceae.

Flores spirales, spiris vicissim ^ et $ . 247. Cyclanthese.
Achlamydeae, apocarpse 248. Pandanece.

Nixus 2. Arales. Spadiceae, baccatae aut capsulares.

Unisexuales, syncarpae 249. Aroideae.

Hermaphroditae, apocarpae . . . 250. AcoroideseZiwA.

Nixus 3. Typhales. Spadicea^, trisepalse, antheris

clavatis 251. Typhacese.

23
Nixus 4. Smilales. Racemosae, laxiflorse,

Unisexuales, ovario iiifero . . . 252. Dioscoreffi.
HermaphroditiB, ovario supero . 253. SniilaceEe.
Dimerffi, perianthio evokito . . 254. lloxburghiaceee

Wall.

Nixus 5. Fluviales. Spicatae v. unifloree.

Fluitantes, ovulis pendulis . . . 255. Fhivlales.
Terrestres, ovulis erectis . . . 256. Juncagincffi.
Fluitantes, axi subnullo . . . 257. Pistiaceee.

ConoRs V. GLUMACE^.

Fistulosae 258. Graminese.

Monocarpse, solidae 259. Cyperaceee.

Polycarpa>, nudee 260. Desvauxiea; m.

Calycatse, ohgospermae . . . . 261. Restiacea^.

261. § Eriocauloneoc.
Corollatae, polyspermse .... 262. Xyridege.

Classis IV. RHIZANTHE^.

Polysepalae, placentis parietalibus 263. Rafflesiacese.
Tetrasepalae, placentis parietalibus 264. Cytinege.
Asepalaj, synandrte, placenta centrali 265. Balanophorege.
Asepalae, eleutherandrae, placenta

ceutrali 266. Cynomorieae

Endl.

Classis V. ESEXUALES.
Nixusl. Filicales. Vasculares, phyllocarpse, fistulosse.

Annulo verticali 267. Polypodiaceie.

Annulo transverso 268. Gleichenete.

268. § Parkeriaceae.
Exannulatae, thecis 1-locularibus re-

ticulatis 269. OsmundacefE.

Exannulatae, thecis quasi multilocu-

Jaribus 270. Danffiacefe.

Exannulatae, thecis 1-loc. aveniis . 271. Ophiog]ossea\

E

24
Nixus 2. Lycopodales. Vasculares, caulocarppo, solidse.

GyninotheccTe 272. Lycopodiaceae.

CryptotheccE, involucris uniformibus 273. Marsileaceae.
Cryptothecsc, involucris biformibus . 274. Salvinieae.

Nixus 3. Bluscales. Evasculares, heteronemeae, the-
ciferae.

Operculatee, thecis evalvibus . . . 275. Musci.
Operculatse, thecis valvatis . . . 276. AndrEeacete m.
Deoperculatee, thecis valvatis . . . 277. Jungermanni-

acea:! m.
Deoperculatse, thecis evalvibus . . 278. Hepaticae.

Nixus 4. Charales. Evasculares, heteronemese, glo-

buliferse 279. Characese.

Nixus 5. Fungales. Evasculares, homonemese.

Velatse 280. Fungi.

Nudae, aerese 281. Lichenes.

Nudse, aquaticffi 282. Algse.

INDEX ORDINUM.

ACANTlIACEiE, 208

Acerinese, 69
Acoroidese, 250
Alangieee, 34
Algce, 282
Alismacese, 244
Alsineoe, 101
Amarantacese, 126
Amaryllidese, 226
§ Amygdaleae, 104
Amyrideae, 115
Anacardiaceoe, 1 16
Andraeaceae, 276
Anonacese, 9
Apocynese, 185
Apostasiese, 235
Aquilarinece, 121
Araliaceae, 12
Aristolochioe, 156
Aroidese, 249
§ Artocarpeoe, 136
Asclepiadeoe, 186
Asphodelese, 240
Atherospermeoe, 152
Aurantiaceoe, 87

Balanophoreoe, 265
Balsamineae, 29
Balsamifluae, 150
Baueraceae, 109
Begoniaceae, 49
? ? Belvisieoe, 174
Berberideoe, 78
Betulineae, 135
Bignoniaceae, 202
Bixineae, 63
Boragineae, 191
Brexiacese, 157

Bromeliaceae, 231
Bruniaceae, 15
Brunoniaceae, 214
Burmannioe, 228
Burseraceoe, 93,
Butomeoe, 243

Cacteae, 47
§ Coesalpinieae, 105
Callitrichineae, 154
Calycantheae, 108
Calycereao, 208
Campanulaceae, 173
Capparideae, 51
Caprifoliaceae, 181
Cassytheae, 124
Casuarineae, 141
Cedreleae, 85
Celastrineae, 97
Cephaloteae, 5
§ Ceratophyllese, 136
Cestrineae, 196
Chailletiaceae, 90
Characeae, 279
Chenopodeae, 127
Chlenaceae, 75
Chlorantheoe, 145
Chrysobalaneao, 107
Cinchonaceae, 179
§ Circaeacese, 32
Cistinese, 76
Columelliaceae, 175
Combretaceae, 33
Commelineae, 241
Compositsc, 211
Coniferae, 219
Connaracese, 106
Convolvuhiceoe, 169

26

Cordiaceoe, 193
Coriarieoc, 30
Cornese, 43
Crassulacess, 1 12
Cruciferse, 50
Cucurbitacese, 45
Cunoniacese, 110
Cupuliferse, 134
Cuscuteae, 168
Cycadese, 218
Cyclanlhese, 247
Cynomorieae, 266
Cyperacese, 259
Cypripedieee, 234
Cyrtaadracese, 204
Cytinese, 264

Danseacese, 270
Datiscese, 143
Desvauxiese, 260
Dilleniacese, 10
Dioscorese, 252
? Dionsea, 19
§ Diosmese, 22
Dipsacese, 212
Dipterocarpese, 83
Droseracese, 56

Ebenacese, 165
Ehretiacese, 192
Elseagnesc, 118
Elseocarpese, 81
Empetrese, 1 38
Epacridese, 161
Equisetacese, 221
Ericese, 159
§ Eriocaulonese, 261
§ Erythroxylese, 98
Escalloniese, 14
Euphorbiacese, 94

Ficoidese, 112
Flacourtiacese, 60
Fluviales, 255
Fouquieracese, 96
Frankeniacese, 57
§ Fumariacese, 2
*Fungi, 280

Galacineee, 114
Gentianese, 183
Geraniacese, 27
Gesnerese, 207
Gilliesiese, 239
Gleicheneae, 268
Globularinese, 216
Goodenovise, 177
Graminese, 258
Grossulacese, 13
Guttiferse, 64

Hsemodoracese, 227
§ Haloragese, 32
Hamamelidese, 42
§ Heliotropicese, 192
Hepaticse, 278
Hernandiese, 120
§ Hippocrateacese, 97
Hippocastanese, 71
Homalinese, 48
Humiriacese, 86
Hydrocerese, 25
Hydrocharidese, 232
Hydroleacese, 171
§ Hydropeltidese, 3
Hydrophyllese, 194
Hypericinese, 67
Hypoxidese, 225

Ilicinese, 166
Illecebrese, 103 '
Iridese, 230

Jasminese, 188
Juglandese, 140
Juncaginese, 256
Juncese, 245
Jungermanniaceoe, 277

Labiatse, 197
Lacistemese, 144
Laurinese, 126
Lecythidese, 40
Leguminosse, 105
Lentibularise, 209
Lichenes, 281
Liliacesc, 241

27

Limnantheee, 31
Linese, 74
Loasese, 46
Lobeliacese, 172
Loganiacese, 189
Lorantheac, 44
Lycopodiaceas, 272
LygodysodeaceaD, 180

Magnoliacese, 7
Melanthacece, 238
MelastomacefE, 40
Malesherbiacese, 61
Malpighiacese, 98
Malvacesc, 80
Marantacese, 223
MarcgraaviaceEe, 65
Marsileacese, 273
Meliacese, 84
Memecylese, 37
Menispermeae, 133
§ Mimosese, 105
Monimieae, 151
Moringese, 55
Musacese, 224
Musci, 275
Myoporinese, 199
Myricese, 139
Myristicese, 6
Myrsineae, 163
Myrtacese, 38

Nelumbonese, 4
Nepenthese, 155
Nitrariacese, 92
Nolanacese, 167
Nyctaginese, 132
Nymphseacese, 3

Ochnacese, 20
Olacinese, 18
Oleacese, 187
Onagrarise, 32
Ophioglossea;, 271
Orchidese, 233
Orobanchese, 206
Osmundacese, 269
Oxalidese, 29

Palmae, 236

Pandaneee, 248
Papaveracese, 2
Papayacese, 59
§ Parkeriacese, 263
Passiflorese, 59
Pedalineac, 203
Petiveracese, 130
Penseacese, 125
Philadelphese, 41
Philydrese, 246
Phytolaccese, 128
Pistiacese, 257
Pittosporese, 17
Piperacese, 147
Platanese, 149
Plantaginese, 215
Plumbaginese, 217
§ Podophyllese, 3
Podostemese, 153
Polemoniacese, 3. 170
Polygalese, 72
Polygoneee, 129
Polypodiacese, 267
§ Pomacese, 104
Pontedereee, 237
Portulacese, 99
Potaliacese, 190
Primulacese, 162
Proteacese, 122
Pyrolacese, 158

Rafflesiacese, 263
Ranunculacese, 1
Reaumuriese, 77
Resedacese, 52
Restiacese, 261
Rhamnese, 89
Rhizobolese, 65
Rhizophorese, 35
Rosacese, 104
Roxburghiacese, 254
Rutacese, 22

Salicarise, 36
Salicinese, 148
Salviniese, 274
Samydese, 54
§ Sanguisorbeoe, 104
Santalacese, 1 17
Sapindacesc, 70

28

Sapotese, 164
§ Sarracenniese, 1
Saurureae, 146
Saxifragese, 111
Scsevolese, 178
§ Schizandrese, 9
Scitaminese, 222
Sclerantliese, 131
Scrophularineee, 205
Selaginese, 200
Silenese, 100
Simarubacese, 2 1
Smilacese, 253
Solanese, 195
Spigeliacese, 184
Spondiacese, 88
Stackhousese, 95
§ Staphyleacese, 97
Stellatae, 182
Sterculiacese, 79
Stilaginese, 137
Stilbinese, 201
Stylidiese, 176
§ Styracese, 165
§ Swartziese, 105

Taccese, 229

Tamariscinese, 102
Taxinese, 220
Ternstromiacese, 68
Thymelsese, 119
Tiliacese, 82
Tremandrese, 91
Tropseolese, 26
Turneracese, 62
Typhacese, 251

Uimacese, 142
Umbelliferse, 1 1
Urticece, 136

Vacciniese, 160
Valerianese, 213
Verbenacese, 198
Violacese, 53
Vites, 16
Vochyacese, 73

Winterese, 9

Xanthoxylese, 24
Xyridese, 262

Zygophyllese, 23.

FINIS.

Typis J. Moyes, 28, Castle Street, Lcicester Si)iiar*.

Splendid Botanical and Gardening Works,

IN THE PUESS, AND PUnLISIMNCJ,

By JAMES RIDGWAY AND SONS.

GARDENS & GROUNDS OF WOBURN ABBEY.

Under the Patronage of His Grace the DUKE of BEDFORD, K.G,
Sfc. Sfc. 4'c.

Handsoniely printed, in One Vol. Royal and Mediiim 8vo. iilustrated by
nearly Thirty ViEWSof the Gardens and Grounds, Plans, Elevations,
and Sections, of all the Forcing Houses, Greenliouses, &c. &c.

HORTUS WOBURNENSIS; a Descriptive Cata-

Lor.UE, comprising Generic and Specific Charaeter, Colour of the Flower,
Native Country, Year of Introdnction, Soil, and Mode of Propagation,
of npwards of SIX THOUSAND of the niost Ornamental, Exotic, and
Indigenous PLANTS, in the Collection at Woburn Abbey ; with an
Account of the Routine of Cultnre pursned in the Forcing Departnient
throughont tiie Year, a List of the Fruits cultivated ; including short
Treatises on the Management of the superior Fruits, Vegetables, &c.

By JAMES FORBES, A.L.S. C.M. H.S. &c.

Principal Gardener at Woburn Abbey.

Medium 8io. 2Is. — Royal Proofs, 21. 2s. — Ditto, coloured, 21. 12s. Gd.

The Grounds of this Establishment were laid out, and the Garden
IJiiildings designed by the most eminent LandscapeGardeners and Archi-
tects of the age, the late Mr. Repton, Sir Jeffery Wyatvillk, and
Mr. Atkinson.

Tlic Forcing Honses are all newly erected, and Hcated by Hot Water,
on the niost approvtd princi|)le, Plans and Details ofwhich are given.
This principle combines tlie advantage of producing a genial steady lieat,
with a great saving of Fuel; whereby, also, the Houses niay be left, with
j)erfect safety, for full fifteen hours, without any additional Fuel, at even
28 degrecs of Frost, Fahrenheit.

PROFESSOR LINDLEYS FLOWER-GARDEN, CONSERVA-
TORY, &c.

In Monthly Numhers, ivith Eight Coloured Plates, is.

The BOTANICAL REGISTER; or, Oniamental Flovver-
Garden and Shrubbery. Coiitinued by John Lindi.ey, Ph.D. F.R.S.,
Professor of Botany in the University of London, &c. &c.

Each Nnniber contains Eight finely coloured Portraits, (toequal Draw-
ings,) taken from Life, of the handsoinest P"lowering Plants and Shriibs
grown in the Public and Private Establishments of this Country, (which
Establishnients are specified,) accompanied by their History, Mode of
Treatment in Cultivation, Propagation, &c.

No. VI. of Vol. VI., New Series, (or, of the Nineteenth Vohime of ihe
entire work,) was published on the Ist of August, 1833.

The previoiis Volumes may behad in NHmbers, 4s. each, or in Volimies,
21. lOs. boards.

" What we consider the most valuable feature of this work, and wliat
distinguishes it peculiarly in its class, is the judicious selection of its sub-
jects, and the coiistant introdnction of greenhouse and hardy flowers aud
shrubs, in preference to those which are to be preservcd only in the hot-
house." — Literary Gazette.

" The Botanical Register, froiu containing niost or all of the new plants
introduced by the Horticultural Society, from the great care with which

A

Works Publishing hy Jatnes Ridgway &; Sons.

its platcs are execiited, and the jndicious remaiks oii cnltiire and general
habit, by Mr. Lindley, is, in consequence, the snperior pnblication." —
Loudo7i's Mugazim of Botany, 8fc.

" The Botanical Register has now, therefore, our nnqualified appro-
bation, and we shall lose no opportnnity of saying so." — Gardener's Ma-
gazine.

" Toomuch praisecannotbe bestowedupon tliis Work."* * — Harrison*s
Horlicultural Cabinet.

With Eighty Copper-plate Engravings, price £2. 4s. bound in Cloth.
VOLUME L of

The FOSSTL FLORA of GREAT BRITAIN ; or.

Fignres and Descriptions of the Vegetable Remains fonnd in a Fossil
State in this Conntry. B-v John Lindley, Ph.D. F.R.S. L.S. and
G.S. &c. &c.; and William Hutton, F.G.S. &c.

" This cnrious and interesting vohmie In trnth, it may be

considered as a geological annual." — AthencEum.

" This work is an important contribntion to the scienceof British, and,
indeed, of nniversal geology; and we trust will be so patronised by the
scientific men of our country, as to cause it to be proceeded in with spirit

and satisfaction by its Authors and Proprietors The preface is

a rich and vahiable essay on Fossil Botany. "—LoMdon'« Magazine of
Natural History, ^c.

*,* No. X. being the Second Number of Volume II., price 5s, 6d. will
be published on October 1, 1833 ; to be continued every Three Months.

To he Puhlished in Novemher nexf, in One Volume, 8vo. illustrated hy
numerous Plates.

LADIES' BOTANY; A Popular Introduction to the
Natural System of Botany, after the Model of " Ronsseau's Letters on
Botany." By Dr. Lindley, Professor of Botany in the University of
London, &c. &c.

ORCHIDEOUS PLANTS.

To be completed in Four Parts, in Imperial Quarto, price 30s, Coloured,
and \bs. plain.

PART THE SECOND.

The GENERA and SPECIES of ORCHIDEOUS
PLANTS. By John Lindley, F.R.S. L.S. G.S. &c. &c. Professor of
Botany in the University of London.

lUnstrated by Ten Drawings on Stone, from the Sketches of Francis
Bauer, Esq. F.R.S. L.S. and H.S.

•»* The THIRD PART of the Letter-press to the Genera and
Species of Orchideous Plants, comprising the W ahoem, is iiow ready,
price 7s.

BENTHAM ON THE ORDER LABIATvE.

LABIATARUM GENERA ET SPECIES; ora Descrip-
tion of the Genera and Species of Plants of the Order Labiatae ; with their
General History, Character, Affinities, and Geographical distribution.
By George Bentham, Esq. F.L.S. Parts II. and III. 5s. each.

iVorks Pablishing hy Javics Ridyway <y $ions.

HARDY PLANTS.

THE BRITISH FLOVVER GARDEN,

AND

ORNAMENTAL SHRUBBERY,

By robert sweet, f.l.s.

Serles the Secpjid..

Publisliing in Montiily Numbers, at Three ShUlings eacli. Eacll
Nuniber coutains fonr full and higlily coloured Figures, with Dissectious
of the niost essential parts, of the niost beantiful, rare, curious, or inte-
resting Herbaceous Plants, or Flowering Shrnbs, tliat may be cultivated
in ihe open Borders, Shrubberies, or by the side of Walls, or Fences, in
the Gardens of this Conntry, with a full account of the best and niost
successful mode of Management in Cnltnre aud Propagation ; the Soils
and Siinations most suitabie for them ; tlie Protection necessary, if any
be required in Winter; their Scientific and English Names, with full
Descriptions; Natural and Linnean Classes and Orders; Derivations of
the Generic Names ; and all other information that may l)e considered of
importance to the Botanist, Cultivator, or Amateur ; and the most beau-
tiful and interesting subjects are chosen. Twenty-five Nnmbers form a
Volnme, containing One Hundred Plates, and Three Volumes will com-
plete each Series. Volumes L and 11. are just completed.

Sets of the First Series of Sweet's British Flowek Garden, com-
plete iu Three Volumes, may still be obtained, each Volume containing
One Hundred faithfnliy coloured Figures from Nature; with a Systema-
tical, Alphabetical, and English Index to each, List of Jiooks quoted, &c.
Price£3. 16*. each. Single Numbeis, at 3s. each ; any back Numbers
may be obtaiued to coniplete sets.

Fifth Edition, in Oue large Octavo Volume, 16s. cloth boards.

SWEETS HOTHOUSE AND GREENHOUSE

MANUAL, or BOTANICAL CULTIVATOR ; giving full Prac-
tical Instructions for the Management of all the Plants cultivated in the
Hothouses, Greenhouses, Frames, and Borders, in the Gardens of Great
Britain ; with Plain Directions for the Management of Bulbs and Plants
in Rooms, &c. By RobertSweet, F.L.S. Practical Nurseryman.

" Indeed, what Mr. Sweet has said on the Culture of Bulbs and Epi-
phytes, in tlie last edition of his Botanical Cultivator, may be considered
iis tUe ultimatum OQ tiiis subject for the British Gardener."— Grtrrft/Jtr'*
Magazine.

IRIDEARUM GENERA. cum Ordinis Charactere Na-
turali, Specierum Enumerationc, Synonymibque. Auctore John Bel-
LENUEN Ker, Esq. price 6s. 6</.

Works Publishing by James liidyway Sf Sons.

SWEETS HORTUS BRITANNICUS.

Second Edition, One large Volunic, Octnvo, 21s., boiind in clotli.

A CATALOGUE OF ALL PLANTS KNOWN, culti-

yated in tiie Gardens, or Indigeuous to Great Britain ; arranged accord-
ing to tlie Natural Orders to uliich tiiey jjelong; witli tlie addition of
the Linnean Class aud Order to eacli genus ; the whole biought down to
tlie present tiine.

Amongst the iniprovenients of tlus edition, are, the Colour of tlie
Flowers, Accentuations, aclditional Marksfor Bidhs, Watcr Plants, Cliinbers,
Hardy Evergreen Slirubs, Forcst Trees, Hybrid Plants, ^c. Sfc, together
with a great nnmber of the niost iinportant Syiionynis.

The rapid sale of tlie last edition, proves tlie preference of the arrange-
nient in Natural Orders, to that of the Linnean ; and the enuineration of
new Plants iucreases the bulk of tliis edition upwards of 100 pages; the
price remains unaltered.

" It certainly is the most coinplete and useful Catalogue that has yet
appeared. * * » * In our opinion, tlie arrangenieut, according to tl>e
uatural system, is far preferable to tliat of an artiticial one, particularly
for cnltivators ; and on this account the present work should be in the
hands of all g.irdeners and cultivators of plants ; and the references to
the ligures will also render it very nseful to the botanist." — Gentleman's
Mugazine.

Complete in Five Volumes, Royal 8vo. price £19.

SWEET'S GERANIACE^.

Containing Five Hundred beautiful colonred Figures of the cholcest
and niost distinct Species and Hybrid Productions of this greatly ad-
mired Tribe. Fiom this Work a selection may be made, according to
the taste of aiiy Lady or Gentleman, desirous of making a collection of
this beautiful Family.

In Two Vohimes, Royal 8vo. with 200 Coloured Flates, price
£7. 12.V. Cloth Boards.

THE FLORIST'S GUIDE: giving Practical Instruc-
tions for the Proper Management and Cultivation of the various Florist
Flowers, especially Tulips, Raiuinculus', Auriculas, Hayacinths, Carna-
tions, Pinks, Koses, &c. with Directions for raising new Varieties from
Seeds ; illustrated by C/Olonred Portiaits of 200 Flowers. By Robert
SWEET, F.L.S. &c.

CULTURE OFNARCISSUS.

Second Edition, Enlarged, Royal 8vo. 2s. Cd.

NARCISSINEARUM MONOGRAPHIA. A History ot,
nud PracticalTrealise on the Ciiltivation and Manageinent of tlie beaiitiful
Family of NARCISSINEAN PLANTS, the finest carly group of our
Gardciis. By A. H. Hawouth, Eeq.

Works Publishing by Janies Ridgicay £f Sons.

Coniplete in One thick Volunie, Royal 8vo. piice f 5. bonnd in Ciotli,
SWEErS CISTINEtE.

An Accouiit of the Family of CISTUS, or Rock-Rose ;
illnstrated by One Hnndred and Twelve handsoniely colonrcd Fignres,
with descriptions ; other spccics of this handsome and gencrally adniired
Tribe of Plants, tliat could not bc obtained, arealso iully describcd ; with
a full Account of the best Metliod tbr thcir Cultivation and Propagation;
or any thing dse belonging to theni, considered ofimportance.

Complcte in One Volume, Royal Hvo. pricc £2. 4s. bonnd in Cloth Boards.

FLORA AUSTRALASICA.

Illustrated hy Fifty-six elegantly coloured Figures, of tlic
niost beantifnl and curions Plants, Natives of New Hollaiid and the
Sonth Sea Islands (generally called Hotany Bay Plaiits.) Tlicy are well
adapted for a Greenhouse, or Conservatoiy ; and inany will survivc (he
Winters, in tlie open gronnd,with a veiy litlleprotection.

A TREATISE ON BULBOUS ROOTS ; containing
a Botanical Arrangement and Dcscription of thc Plants lierctofoie in-
cluded under the Geiicra Aniaryllis, Cyrtanthns, Crinuni, and Pancra-
tiuni ; wilh General Observations and Directions for thcir Cultivalion.
lllustrated by coloured Plates. By ihe Hon. and Rev. William
Herbert. 5«.

SFXOND EDITION.

One Volume, Royal 8vo. with Eighteen colonred Plates. 21s. cloth boards.
ROSARUM MONOGRAPHIA; or, a Botanical History
of Roses. To which is addcd, an Appendix, for the Use of Cnltivators,
in which the niost remarkable Garden Varieties are systeniatically ar-
ranged ; with Ninetecn Plates, Eighteen bcantifully colonred. liy John
LiNDLE\, Ph.D. F.L.S. R.S. &c. &c.

Beaulifully printed in Typolithography, and ornamented, on Impcrial
Drawing Papcr: for the convenience of hanging np in a Frame, in
the Greenhouse, or elsewhere. Price 5s.

The GARDENERS REMEMBRANCER, and APIA-
RIAN'S MONTHLY CALENDAR; thc Gardener's Vegetable Secd
Calcndar, and Frnit Caiendar. It shews, atone vicvv, every thingneces-
sary to be done in Rural Aflairs, to ensnre a proper succession of Crops,
&c.; witli pioper Directions for the Management and Propagation of
Bees, &c. &c.

" The work we have at present in hand, contains, on one sheet, every
direction necessary to the practical Gardener, and will be found invalna-
ble to Lady Florists. * * • * On one side of tlie sheet there arc practical
directions for each montli of the year, separated into the management of
bces, flower garden and slirnbbery, kitchcn gardeii, fruit garden, grecn-
bouse, hot-honse, aiid nnrsery. * • • *

" On thc othcr side, we Iiave tlie Gardener'8 Vegetable and Seed
Calendar, containing diiections as to tlic proper time and soil for sowiug
and transplanting seventy-six kinds of vcgetables.

" After tliat conies thc Fruit Calendar, with instrnctions for the time
of planting, thc propcr soil and situation, the niodc of propagating, tiine
to graft and bud, and right kind of dre.>^sing for twenty-three sorts of
fruit, with general remarks upon each.

" Thcn conie dircctions fur grafting, &c. given in a clearer aud niore
explicit way tlian auy we remcmber." • * * — AthencBum.

Works Puhlishing by James Ridgway <§• Sons.
STANDARD WORK ON FRUIT.

BY THE KIRST AUTHORITY.

In 3 Vols. Royal 8vo. illustvuted bij 152 Plates, cohured to equail Drawings,
price lOl, bound in Cloth, Gilt Leaves.
The POMOLOGICAL MAGAZINE ; or, beautifuUy
finishcd Coloured Figures and Descriptions of tlie inost iniportant Varie-
ties of Fruit worthy of Cultivation in this Coiintry, for the Dessert, and
Culinary puiposes ; with sucii Information resulting fiom successful Prac-
tice as niay tend to improve cnltivation ; pointiugout tiie bestor raost pro-
per Aspects, Situations, &c.

" Tiiis work, so much wanted, appeals irresistibly to the eye and the
judgment of every cultivator of fruit. Tlie latest varieties are briefly but
conectly described ; the best qualities of each are stated ; and, not the
least merit, considerable pains are taken to systemise the wandering and
irregiilar nomenclature which prevails so much iu horticulture, and often
puzzles, not only the unlearned, but the professed gardener and pomo-
logist. We cannot too highly recommend this work, as valuable to con-
sult in the choice of fruits, and beautiful to look upon." — Lit. Gaz,

" This is one of the inost pleasing publications that we have met with
for some tinie past, and is well worthy the attention of those whose de-
light is in the cultivation of fruit. The various specimens of the fiuits
given are coloured, and exceedingly well executed." — Murning Herald.

The FRUIT GROWErYTnSTRUCTOR ; or a Prac-
tical Treatise on Fruit Trees, tVom the Nursery to Maturity; to which is
added an effectnal remedy for,and Prevcntlon from the American Blight,
which causes the Canker in Apple Trees. By G. Bliss, Nursery-
man. Price Gs.

" This is a Practical Treatise on the Culture and Preservation of Fruit
Trees in general, and more particularly the Apple Tree, by one of the
most extensive growers in the kingdom. The best modes of Grafting,
Pruning, and Budding, are laid down with the utmost clearness. A vei-y
ample Catalogue of our Fruit Trees, and a description of the appeaiance,
flavour, and qualities of their production is given. * * * * Biit the most
valuable part of this volume is tliat which relates to the Canker, and tiie
remedy which Mr. Bliss has discovered for this destructive blight." —
Monthly Criticai Gazette.

geology"oF"scripture.

In One Vol. 8vo. Plates, 14s. boaids.
A GENERAL VIEVV of the GEOLOGY of SCRIPTURE;

in which the nnerring Truth of the luspired Narrative of tlie Early
Events in tlie World is exhibited, and dislinctly proved by tlie corrobora-
tive testimony of Physica! Facts on eveiy part of the Earth's surface.
By George Fairholme, Esq.

" This work will, we are sure, be read with interest by all who are
anxious to reconcile tlie Scriptural acconnt of the creatioii of the earth,
with the facts that have of late years been discovered by those who have
examined the structure of its crust. * * * * Mr. F. sets himself boldly
to his task." — AthencBum.

" In conclusion, we strongly recomniend the work to those who may
have been led to adopt plaiisible theoiy for science, and to deduce hasty
gencral couclusions for one or a few solitary facts." — Field's Naturalist's
Magazine.

FLORA AND GEOLOGY OF BARBADOES.

In 8vo. witli a Map and Sections, 18s. cloth boards,
FLORA BARBADENSIS; A Calalogue of Plants,
Indigenous. Naturalized, and Cultivated in Barbadoes. To wliich is
prefixed a Geological Description of the Island. By James Dottiim
Maycock, M.D. F.L.S. a Member of His Majesty's Couiicil iii Bar-
badocs.

Works Pnblishing hy James Ridgway Sf SoAs.

WORKS ON AGRICULTURAL AND
RURAL AFFAIRS.

Publishing every Thrce Months, Price 4s.

THE BRITISH FARMERS' (Quarterly) MAGAZINE;
exclnsively devoted lo Agricultiiral and Rnral AfFairs. Condncted by tlie
Rev. Henry Beury.

Contents of No. XXVIII. pnblisiied Augnst I, 1833.

Rev. H. Berry on the original Character of onr Native Breed of
Cattle, <SlC. illustrated by a Portrait — Mr. Gray on Agricnltnral and
Commercial Statistics— The Cnrrency — On Indian Corn or Maize— An
Essay on Field Gardens for the Labnuring Poor, by Captain Scobell, R.N.
— On the Decision of the Lords and Commons on Earl Fitzwilliam's and
Mr. VVhitmore's Motions on thc Corn Laws — Mr. Bolton'8 Statement of
the resnlt of crossing ditierent Breeds of Cattle-tOn the Cnltivation of
the Potatoe— A knovvledge of Cliemistry not requisite to a snccessful
pnrsnit of Agricnlture— On the first Cnrrency Debate— On the opera-
tion of the Poor Laws - Agricultnral Meetings— Qnarferiy Reports, &c.

*^* No. XXIX. will bc published November 1, 1833.

The prior Nnnibers may still be had, price 4s. each, or in 6 Vols., neatly
half-bonnd, price 17 s. 6d. each.

IMPROVEMENT OF MEADOVV AND PASTURE LANDS.
HORTUS GRAMINEUS WOBURNENSIS ; or an

Acconnt of the Results of various Experimentson the Prodnce and Fatten-
ing Properties of different Grasses, and other Plants, nsed as the Food of
the more valnable doinestic Animals ; carried on for a number of years at
Woburn Abbey, by command of the Dnke of Bedford, and being now
matnrcd, are presented for the benefit of the Agricnltnral commnnity.
Illustrated with numerous Specimens of the Plant, and Seeds, in Sixty
Plates; with Practical Observationson theirnatnral habits, the Soils best
suited to their Growth, with Instructions for the Prescrvation of their
Seed ; pointing ont the kinds most profitable for Permanent Pastnre,
Irrigated Meadows, Dry or Upland Pasture,and thcalternate Husbandry.
Accompanied with the discriminating Character of the Spccies and
Varieties. By G. Sinclair, F.L.S. and F.H.S., Gardener to his Grace
the Duke of Bedford, &c. &c. Third Edition. Price £1. lOs. plain ;
and coloured £2. 2s. under the Author's immediate inspection.

" The Hortus Gramineus Woburnensis does hononr to onr country."
— Monthly Critical Gazette.

Second Edition, in 8vo., with Engravings, 9s. boards,

The BRITISH FARMER ; to whicli is added, the
PLOUGHMAN'S GUIDE. By John Finlayson, Esq.

" One of the most valnable Tracts on Agriculturc that has appeared for
a nntnber of years." — Lnudon's Gardener's Ma^azine.

Works Pubtishing by James Ridgtoay 8f Sons.

A New Edition, with Coloiued Plate».
An ESSAY on thc WEEDS of AGRICULTURE ;

witli l'ractical Reniaiks on tlieir Destrnction. By tlie late B. Holditch,
Esq. and G. Sinclair, F.L.S. and F.H.S., Antiior of Hortns Graniinens
Wobnrnensis. A New Edition, illnstrated by Co|)per-plates, colonred
from tlie living Plants. Price .5«. Od.

" If we were al libeity to follow onr inclinations, we shoiild treat this
pamphlet, not accordinp; to its bnlk, bnt its importance, (and follow Mr.
Holditch, and his Editor, (for it is only the first chapter tliat is strictly,
in its present form at least, attribntable to tlie former, throngh their re-
spective Chapters on ' Weeds which infest Samples of Corn ; Fallow
Weeds ; Weeds which are principally objectionable, as they incnmber
the Soil, or whose Roots are annual, and wliose seeds pass the Corn-seive ;
Weeds that never rise in the Crop, nor come iiito tlie Sickle ; Pastnre
Weeds, 6cc. &c.' * * * * The passages we have marked in ourprogress,
as worthy of quotation, might forin a valnable little Mannal for the Prac-
tical Farmer."— Mo?i(/t/?/ Magazine.

A new and vcry improved edition, price 2ls. for a year, and lOs. 6(/, for
half a year, neatly and strongly bonnd.
ELLIOTS FARM ACCOUNT BOOK, for 1833,

the Result of many Years' extensive Practice, by Double Entry in one
Book. The Arrangements are clear and concise ; printed and ruled
ready for filling up nnder the heads, Day-labonrer, Task labour, Trades-
m(ni's Bills, Debts due to the Owner, ;ind Debts which he Owes ; Live
Stock, Green Crops, Corn, Hay, and Straw, Rent and Taxes, Cash, &c.,
all appearing in Weekly Accounts on the opposite Pages of the same
Folio, and coming under the eye at one view. Ulustrated by a Michael-
nias Valnation, a Weekly Account tilled np for example, and Explanation
and Balancing the whole. Experience has proved this Arrangement to
he adapted to abridge the Acconi!tant's lahour, and aflFord the Ovvner a
full view of the exact statc of all tlie Accounts at one glance.

" No Farmer wishing to know thc exact state of his expense, ought to
be without this work."

MANGEL WURTZEL.

REPORT of the COMMITTEE of the DONCASTER
AGRICULTUUAL ASSOCIATION, on the Advantagcs of Mangel
Wnrtzel as a Fallow Crop, founded on Returns received in answer to
certain Queries issned by t!ie Committee. Price G(/.

Also, Mr. PoppY on the Cultivation of Mangel Wurtzel. Price 2s.

BONE MANURE.

REPORT of the COMMITTEE of the DONCASTER
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, on tlie Advantages of Bones as Manure,
founded on Retnrns received iu answer to Qneries issned by tlie Com-
mittee, from Forty-nine Gentleraen, cnltivating every variety of Soil in
the County. 2s.

'< This Report is so impoitant, is so ably drawn np, and embodies such
a compendium of piactical information, that we fee! it our dnty to the
Farming interests of Great Britain to recommend its perusal." — Farmer's
Journal.

BURNT CLAY AS MANURE.
PRACTICAL HINTS on BURNING CLAY, SODS,

SURFACE SOIL OF FALLOWS,&c. and on the Employment of the
Poor. By Ciiarles Poppy, Esq. 2s.

IVoiks Publishing by James Ridgway Sf Sons.

A SYSTEM for MANAGING HEAVY and WET
LANDS, WITHOUT SUMMER FALLOWS; under whicli a consi-
(lerable Farni in Hcrtfordsliire is kept perfectly ciean, and inade prodiic-
tive. By Thomas Greg, Esq. Tiiird Edition, witli aii Appendix, point-
ing oiit liow tiic infant Ttirnip inay be protected froiu liisects. To wliicli
are added, Extracts from sonie Letteis written by tlie Earl of Tlianet,
(.roving tlie Infallibility of tlie plan, presented to the Board of Agriciil-
tiire, and now pnblished at their request. Price ijs. with Platcs.

UISDER DRAINING.

In 8vo. price 3s. 6d.

An ADDllESS to FARMERS on the subject of
UNDER DRAIMNG WET and COLD LAND. By Robert Green,
niany years a Farmer in Cainbridgeshire and Berkshire.

DRAINING liEAVY AND WET LAND. u.

The Use and Advantages of PEARSON'S DRAINING
PLOUGH. Detailed iii a Paper commnnicated to the Society for the
Encoiiragement of Arts. By Tiiomas Law Hodges, Esq. M.P.

In Two Volumes, Svo. Plates. 15s, each.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE TENANCY OF

LAND IN GREAT BRITAIN; showing the Piactice and Tenancy
of Customs, now niost prevalent between Landlord and Tenant, and In-
coming and Outgoing Tenants, nnder wliich Land is riow held in the
several Counties ; with notices of the Husbandry and Implements in nse,
from an actual survey. By LE VVIS KENNEDY and T. B. GRAINGER.

The Second Volume comprises tho Highland and Grazingdistricts, also
facts relative to tlie present state of tlie Wool Growers— thegeneral niode
of management of Shecp Fanns, with a brief liistory of Sheep in Great
Britain.

■' We strongly recommend tlie volume to tlie attention of the farming
interest, as embracing a compilation of varioiis systems of hiisbandry,
adopted in different counties, and developing many local particulars that
cannot fail to be regarded as novel and interesting." — Farmer's Magazine,
No. VIII.

" The authors, by collecting an accurate account of the local cnstoms
of each county, liave produced a work repletc with iiseful inforination.
Interesting not only to the landowner and faimer, but where such matters
are nnder legal investigation, by suggestiuf^ important questions, it is cal-
culated greatly to promote an expeditious and eqiiitable decision on the
subjects under consideration." — Times.

SHEEP HUSBANDRY.
EARL STANHOPE on SHEEP HUSBANDRY ;

being a Letter to the Owners and Occupieis of Sheep Farms ; with the
Evidence taken before a Select Committee of the House of Lords,
appointed to take into consideration the State of the Biitish Wool Trade ;
classed nnder different Iieads, Price 4s.

PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS on the National
Advantages of the Arable System of SHEEP HUSBANDRY, and
on the Improveinent of BRITISH FINE WOOL, without deteriora-
ting the Value of the Carcass. By Joshua Kirby Trimmer. Price 3s.

B

Works Puhlishing hy James Ridgway Sf Sons.

DISEASE IN SHEEP.
OBSERVATIONS on tbc DISEASE which has lately been
so destnictive to 8HEEI*, called BANE or COATH ; particHlanzing
the Causes, and niinutely describin}; tiie Modes of efiecting ita Cnre; and
pointing out tliose means wliich oiight to be adopted to prevent its recur-
reuce. By John Davf.y, Bart. Being au Essay read at the last
Anuual Meetingof tiie Bath aud West of England Society, and ordered
to be printed. In 8vo. Price 2s. 6d.

DAIRY HUSBANDRY.
The COMPLETE HISTORY of DAIRY HUS-

BANDRY ; aud particuiarly with reference to tlie Systeni pursued for
uiany years at the celebrated Establishnient at Willow Bank, near
Glasgow ; including improved Modes for Ventilatiug Stables, Reclaiming
VVaste Lands, Managenient of Hedge Row Fenccs, and other Information
higlily important to the Farmer and Rural Economist. By WiLLiAM
Harley. One vol. 8vo. Copper-plates. Price 21s. bouud in Cloth.

Second Edition. Price 3s. 6d.
IMPROVED SHORT HORNS, and their Pretensions
stated ; being au Account of tliis celebrated Breed of Cattle, derived
from Authentic Sources; to whicli is added, au luquiry as to their
Value for General Purposes, placed in competition witli the Improved
Herefords. Dedicated to SiR Charles Morgan, Bart. M.P. By the
Rev. Henry Berry.

RURAL IMPROVER; a Praclical Treatise on the
Management of such Rural Scenes and Oi)jects as are uecessary to pro-
mote thc Comfort, Convenience, and Embellishment of the Residences
of the higher Ranks of Society. With Plates. By William Pontey,
Ornaiuental Gardener and Nurseryman. One vol. 4to. Price £2. 2s.

TheFOREST-PRUNER; or, Timber-Owner's Assis-
tant: a Treatise on tlie Training and Management of British Timber
Trees; vvhetlier inteuded for Use, Ornament, or Shelter; including au
Explauation of tlie Causes of their General Diseases and Defects, with
the Meaus of Preventiou, and Remedies, wheie practicable. Also, an
Examinatiou of tiie Properties of English Fir Timber; with Remarks on
the Old, and Outlines of a New System, for the Management of Oak
Woods. Witli Explanatory Platcs. By William Pontey.

" The mischief and damage arising to plantations in general, from a
bad svstem of Pruning, or ueglect, induced the late public-spirited Duke
of Bedford to direct a series of Experiments to be made, at his expense,
hy W. Pontey, of Huddersfield, on his extensive plantations in the neigh-
bourhood of Woburn. Mr. Pontey has shewn great industry aud judgment
in his selection of specimens, and in the clear detail relative to Pruuiug
Forest Trees, whicli he lias communicated in a publication, intitled the
Forest-Pruncr, presented by him to the Society.

" This system has been pursued by Mr. Salmon, Ageut to the present
Duke of Bedford, under his Grace's auspices, aud confirmed by his Cer-
tificate, as noticed in the present Vohime. We are happy to add, it is
continuing with spirit nnder his Grace's particnlar protection aud atten-
Xiox\."—Extractfroin 'fransactions of the Societij of Arts, Vol. 24, page 8.

The PROFITABLE PLANTER ; a Practical Treatisc
on Planting Forest Trees, in every description of Soil and Situation. By
W. Pontey. One vol. 8vo. Plates. Price IOa'. 6d. boards. Fourth Edition.
" Pontey, one of the most extensive and successful Planters now liying,
and also a Laudscape Gardener of uo small distinction."— Vide Sir H.
Stuart, Bart. on Planting, p. 62.

Works Pubtishing by James Ridgxcay Sf Sons.

CHILirs EVERY MAN HIS OWN BREVVER. U.
A PRACTICAL TRKATISE, explaiiiing tlie Art and
Mysteiy of Biewiii!,' PORTER, ALE, TWOPENNY, and TABLE
BEER, in any quantity, froni one peck to 100 qnarters of inalt, intended
to rediice tlie Expenses of Faniilies. By Samuei> Chilu, Coininon
Brcvver. A iiew Edition.
•»* Upwards of Eleven Thousaml of this little Tract have already been sold.

THE ENGLISH RACE HORSE.
A TREATISE ON THE CARE, TREATMENT,

AND TRAINING OF THE ENGLISH RACE HORSE; with im-
porlantDctails applicable to betterinf; the Condition of Horses in general.
By R. Darvill, V.S. to the Seventii Hnssars. Illustrated by Plates.
One Vol. 8vo. £1. Is.

" Never before was snch a book writtcn in any langnage, so replete
witli tho.>e ininutc bnt indispcnsable particiilars of practice, and by a
writer who has personally perrorined his part Ihronghout the wlioleof the
practice. This is the true book of leferencc for evcry stnd and trainiug
groom, and every jockey.— Vide Luwrence on the Horse, p. 297 ; also, the
Sporting Magazine and British Farmer's Magazine.

*,• The Second Volnnie is preparing for tlic press, and will shortly appear.

THE VETERINARY TABLET; or a Concise View
of all the Diseases of the Horse ; with their Cause, Symptoins, and most
approved and efiectual Modes of Cure. By a Veterinary Surgeon. is.Gd.

THE YOUNG HORSEWOMANS COMPENDIUM

OF THE MODERN ART OF RIDING. In piogressive Lessons ;
designed to give a secure and graceful Seat on Hor.seback ; at the same
tiiiie so effectiially to forni the Hand, that, iii a short timc, perfect com-
mand of tlie Horse may be obtained. By Euwaru Stanley, late of tlie
Royal Artillery, and of Vernoii's Establishment, near Hyde Fark ; with
illustrative Plates, lOs. boards.

" But wc have said enough of this Manual, and have only to add that
it is a very sensible and judicious Publication." — Literary Gazette.

THE TURKISH EMPIRE.
In One Vnl. Svo. 9s. Gd. boards.
SKETCHES in GREECE and TURKEY, ending in
the Autnmn of 1832; witli the Piesent Condition and Future Prospects
of the TURKISH EMPIRE.

Contents. — Physical View of Greece — Sketch of tbe present Political
State of Greece— Albania, and AJi Pacha — Vonitza, and General Pisa—
Lepantn,and General Giavella— Corinth — Atticaand Epidaurus— George
Mavromichaelis— The Castle of Caritena — The Tempie of Phygalia — The
Pirates of the Archipeiago — Mavrocordato, Ipsiiaiiti, Mialis — Chaiacter
of the Modern Greeks— Sardis— Constantinople — Scutari— Tlie Prescnf
Condition and Future Prospccts of the Turkish Enipire.

" Skctclies of a very spirited and agreeable character. An intelligent
aiid nnprejudiced Englishman roaining abont an interesting connfry ; ob-
serving all that was most cnrious and worthy of observation ; having lei-
sure and opportunity, and inaking the best use of both, — such seein to iis
to be the gronnds on which we may faiily and highly commend this vo-
Inme to the public notice."— Li^erari/ Gazettc.

" The work of an unaftccted traveller, like the present, is welcome, be-
cause be siinply describes what he saw and heard, illnstrating his narra-
tive witli .vketches of particular scenes and characteristic aiiecdotes." —
Athenteum.

JVor/cs Publishing by James Ridgway ^- Sons,

" This !s a charming volunie, for it embraces botli the usefiil and the
beautifiii. * * * It is not a boolt tliat iie has written; it is, as lie trnly
says, a collection of Slietclies — few, but stiilcing, distinct, vjvid, and fiill
of ineaning. In a few pages the present state of Greece is set iiefoie us
in a panoraina ; in fact, the last iiitelligence to be relied on iii any form,
is communicated in tliis volume. * * *"—Spectator.

LORD COLLINGWOOD.— Fo^^7-^A EdiUofi.

A SELECTION from the PUBLIC and PRIVATE
CORRESFONDENCE of VICE-ADMIRAL LORD COLLING-
WOOD ; interspersed with Memoirs of his Life. By G. L. Newnham
CoLLiNGWOOD, Esq. F.R.S. Illustrated by a fine Portrait, a Flan of the
Battle of Tiafalgar, &c. &c. Fourth Edition, in 8vo. 16s.

" We once more thanlt the Editor for liis highly impoitant and very
valiiable work. It is one wliich will occiipy a permanent place in the
English library. The portrait of one English worthy more is now se-
cured to posterity. "—Q«ar<er/)/ Reciew, 74.

" We do not know when we have met with so delightfiil a book as this,
or one with which we are so well pleased with ourselves for being de-
lighted. Its attraction consists alinost entirely in its moral beauty." —
Edinburgh Review.

" Having thus referred to Lord CoHingwood's Life, I niay be allowed
to say, that the pnblication of tliat volnine is indeed a national good ; it
ougbt to be in every oflicer's cabin, and in every statesman's cabinet." —
Southei/s Li/e o/ Lord Nelsoiiy new edit. p. S48.

STATE PAPERS.

Now first published, price 30s. bound in cloth, and lettered.

BRITISH and FOREIGN STATE PAPERS, 1830-31,
compiled by the " Libkarian and Keeper of the Papers" at the
Foreign Office.

The volnmes for 1828—9, and 1829—30, are now reprinted, and the
prior ones, to the termination of the war in 1814, will be so as speedily as
possible.

This publication is intended to comprise the principal documents which
have been made public, relating to the Political and Commercial Affairs
of Nations, and to their relations with each other, from the termination of
the War in 1814 to the latest period.

The work has until lately been printed exclusively for the use of the
Government and of its Diplomatic Agents abroad. But tlie general in-
terest attached to these CoUectious has led to its publicatioii.

PENINSULAR WAR.— Price 3s.
LETTER to GENERAL VISCOUNT BERESFORD,
G.C.B. &c. &c. IN REPLY to his Lordship'8 Letter to the Author,
relative to the Conduct of the late Lieut.-General Long, in the
Campaign of 1811. By Charles Euwaru Long, Esq.

■\'\r\^ INDIA.

» ^^ lu One Volume, 8vo. 7s. boards,

V>^ SUMMARY of the HISTORY of The EAST
INDIA COMPANY, from the Grant of their First Charter, by Queen
Elizabeth, to the present period. By Captain Thornton, R.N.
Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis.
" It may be used as a manual by all parties. It is a succinct collection
of materials for information and discussion. The details of the Bnrmese
war are from the original memoranda and recollections of the Author,
who was present in it." — Asiattc Journal/or June.

%

Bolanical Gar»

QK94.L515C.2

Lindley John/Nixus plantarum

gen

5185 00091 8878

m^:'^>-1^ v^^^m)

i-r'