Vol.2
June 19O4
No. 6
RESOURCES
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and Undeveloped WEALTH of the DOMINION OF CANADA and Of NEWFOUNDLAND
Board of Trade Buildinj,
MONTREAL 9 CANADA,,
TEN CENTS A COPY
ONE DOLLAR AYEAR
RESOURCES
Grand Trunk Railway System
"INTERNATIONAL LIMITED"
One of the Fastest Long Distance Trains in the World, Running through the Largest and most Prosperous Towns and Cities of Canada and the States of Michigan, Indiana and Illinois.
ARRIVES
Montreal 9,00 a,m, Chicago 7,20 a,m,
NEXT MORNING
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. Cornwall 10.23
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Thousand Islands Jet 12.13 p
Kingston 12.53
Napanee 1.15
Helleville 1.45
Cobourg 2.44
Port Hope 2.54
TORONTO 4.40
MAHILTON 5.40
Ar.
St. Catharines 6.25 p
Niagara Falls. N. Y 7.05
BUFFALO 8.00
Woodstock 7.02 p
London 7.43
Chatham 9.10
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DETROIT (Cent. Time) . . 9.30
Durand 11.50
Lansing 12 54 a.m
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to
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Polite
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GEO. W. VAUX,
Asst. Gen. Passenger and Ticket Agent, CHICAGO.
H. G. ELLIOTT,
Asst. Gen. Passenger and Ticket Agent., MONTREAL.
7
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In writing1 advertisers please mention RESOURCES
RESOURCES
DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA
Vol. II
MONTREAL, Q U E., JUNE, 1904
No. 6
i_
GKNKRAI. VIKW OK Ol KBEC
THK ROYAL ROAI> INTO CANADA I.IKS IT TIIK ST. I.AWRKXCK. TIIK RIVKR WHICH IS KROM KIKTY TO A HINDRKD MILKS WIDE AT ITS MOl'TII NARROWS HKRK TO A WIDTH OF TWO MILKS. THIS SPOT MAY NOT INAPTLY UK TKRMKD TIIK " CATKWAV OF CANADA."
Oxir New People
foide of Jmmigration
THE tide of immigration into Canada is at its height. The present year promises to beat even the record made last year in the number of settlersarrivingin the Dominion. In 1903 more than 125,000 people came into the country, but since March this year they have been arriving at the rate of i ,000 a day. The liners from Liverpool have scarcely been able to carry all the settlers who wish to adventure into the Far-West. Never in the history of Quebec have so many immigrants been landed there, whilst in Montreal the streets have been crowded for three months past with men of almost all the nations of Europe.
Winnipeg is in the thrall of the immigration season. Its streets are frequented by an astonishing admixture of nationalities, dis- tinguishable by their tongue as well as by their dress. Their pres- ence on the streets gives the merchant and the capitalist a feeling of confidence. The European makes an excellent settler. For the first year or so he is a little ungainly but he soon adapts himself. On May 3Oth a train load of Galician stalwarts, something like 350 or 400 in number could have been seen at the C. P. R. depot en route for the Erwood extension of the C. N. R. They were all men who had spent a few years in the country. Some had picked up consider- able English and were able to make themselves understood. The writer asked one or two of them if it was their intention always to stay in the city and make their livelihood by labor. The answer was decidedly in the negative. Most of them, I was given to un- derstand, were only laboring until such times as they could save money enough to go on to a farm of their own. This was their ambition. While the country will gain most by their ultimate
settlement on the land these people are filling a very useful office as railroad construction laborers at the present moment. The future development of the country hinges on the extension of the existing railroads and the construction of new ones in order to bring the homestead land within reasonable access to markets, therefore the presence of the Galician, and the Doukhobor, swarthy and strong as both are, is an exceedingly fortunate circumstance. The future of these people will find them on the land. That is where they are wanted. Manual labor for wages to them is only the means to reach higher ideals, such as the tilling of their own farms and residence in their own dwelling situated thereon.
The above incident is not an exceptional occurrence in Winni- peg. Every day in May large consignments of men are being sent out to various parts of the West either to form colonies or to build our railways. Although the policy of settling in colonies is not ap- proved by the Westerner, yet the European prefers to live with the people who speak the same tongue as he himself does. The Doukhobors have succeeded in colonies and so have the Galicians, Mennonites, Germans and European French. We do not however want them to remain Frenchmen, Galicians, Englishmen, Scotch- men, Doukhobors. We want Canadians. To become such the settlement of the immigrant as much as possible in the locality of older settlements is the most desirable. The newcomers however do not always think so, but after a few years residence in the country they usually change their minds. Already the Harr colonists will frankly tell you that it would have been far better for them if they had settled amongst people who were used to the country.
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The Doukhobor has not yet come to such a conclusion. He clings to the colony idea and is making very rapid progress.
Professor James Mavor of Toronto has just returned from the Fort Pelly District Colonies of the Doukhobors. Under their leader, Peter Veregin, a very remarkable personality, phenomenal advances have been made in the development of their land and villages. Professor Mavor says : " Several thousand acres of land have been broken and the area under cultivation this year will be much greater than that sown last year. Mr. Veregin is determined to have first class stock. Just now he is negotiating the purchase of some high class animals. In the past year or two the colony has expended $60,000 in the purchase of land and invested largely in farm machinery. The latest implement secured is a steam plough, the first in use in that part of the country. If this plough proves as successful as it is expected to be six or seven others will be purchased. At the present time eight steam engines are at work in the community. These run flour mills, saw mills, flax mills, etc. Each of these engines have two men in charge, the
customs, brought from their village life of Russia, it is evident that in time they will assimilate and become good Canadians. A people that readily adopts our methods of cultivation, that selects the best implements and the best stock will no doubt in time select the best characteristics of our nationality and assimilate them. The young people who leave the colonies are already showing signs of adopting the Canadian dress and the Canadian speech.
They have an instinctive love of village life and their simple forms of amusement both of which characteristics have much to commend them. When, however, they have been away from the community for a time they return with no regrets to their home, but they always bring with them the impress of the environment in which they may have been temporarily sojourning. In the course of time their social isolation will succumb to the extending auxili- aries of western civilisation in the form of railroad communication, commerce and the intenser intercourse with the outside world which they invite.
TYPICAL SCENK IN THE ST. LAWRENCE LINERS ON TI1KIR WAY TO MONTREAL
idea being to train up expert engineers. Those for the steam plough have already been chosen. The engines are in perfect order and during the twelve months they have been in the settlement have not been idle one working day. From one kind of work to another they are moved about so that full advantage is taken of them."
In many respects the Doukhobors are more enterprising than the Canadians. Not only have they procured the best of farm ma- chinery, but they are also procuring for themselves the luxury of telephonic communication between their villages. Another project that is taking shape in their minds is the building of light railways to connect their various villages as well as to bring them into close contact with the main trunk lines. These are a few of the ambi- tious projects the Doukhobors have in view and if their success so far in what projects they have entered on is any criterion it will be safe to predict success with those we have mentioned.
Although these people cling to their simple and happy
Another interesting colony is about to be formed. It will be composed of Frenchmen from Normandy and Brittany. Already 1 60 colonists have left Bordeaux and in the course of a few weeks another contingent of 500 will leave the same port. The first ot these parties will settle east of Didsbury and the other at Wau- chope. The colonists of the agricultural provinces of Normandy and Brittany have not been talked about as much as those from other parts. There is perhaps a reason for this which is worth giving. They have usually no grievance to air. Arriving in Winnipeg they manifest a keen desire to get on to the farm land as quickly as possible. In this they betray their love of the pas- toral life. Once on their farms they quietly set to work to put order into the wildness of their surroundings. Most of them come furnished with the means to equip a small farm and to see their wants met during the preliminary stages of their settlement on the prairie. From the outset therefore they are self-supporting and
RESOURCES
depend upon themselves. They show the greatest desire to learn the language of their adopted country and readily adapt them- selves to its institutions. No better class of settler comes to Western Canada than the European French and their increasing numbers is a good sign.
The fears which are entertained by many that the colonist in colonies will become sectional from a national standpoint will be
dispelled by a close examination into conditions of existing settle- ments in the West. In spite of the existence of the Mennonite village and the Doukhobor village, the Galician and the British, common characteristics are becoming more apparent every year. One common law and one system of education is having the effect that all desire — the development of the common western type of the Canadian citizen.
INDIAN I\\MP. "BLACKFOOT RKSKRVK. ALHKRTA
THe First People
present condition of tfie Jndian
THE following statement shows the location and number of the Indian population of the Dominion of Canada. The figures are taken from the Blue Book issued by the Department of Indian Affairs for the year ending June 1903.
Location
Numbers
Ontario 21 ,093
Quebec 1 1 ,066
Nova Scotia i ,930
New Brunswick 1 ,699
Prince Edward Island 301
British Columbia 25,582
Manitoba 6,829
North West Territories '7>649
Athabaska District !>239
Outside Treaty Limits 20,845
Total. . . . 108,233
There was an increase of 121 in the Indian population bet- ween 1902 and 1903.
The Indians of the older provinces who have for long been in close contact with civilization show progress of a somewhat higher order than those in the more isolated districts in the North West.
The case of the famous Six Nations band may be cited as an illustration. The conditions on their reserve with respect to equip- ment for the pursuits of their calling, their dwellings and farm build- ings, compare not unfavourably with the average obtaining among other agricultural communities in the province. An agricultural society, controlled by themselves, holds yearly ploughing compe- titions and annual shows, at which heir exhibits could well compete with those of any ordinary township fair, and they not only attend in considerable numbers, but take intelligent part in discussions at meetings held on their reserve by the local "Farmer's Institute". They have an organization for the conduct of public affairs, includ- ing boards of health and education, with duly appointed executive officers. Religious services are conducted at some sixteen points on the reserve. They furnish a considerable contingent to the county militia, accompanied by a brass band from the reserve when they go into camp.
Some of the largest bands in the North West Territories, how- ever, do not appear to have fully adapted themselves yet to their new environment, and the process of selection under the law of "survival of the fittest" seems to be still in operation.
The Indian Commissioner in a recent report points out that the rate of mortality seems to threaten the extinction of one or two bands at no very distant date, without any particular reason being apparent for such condition of things.
RESOURCES
HI.OMIIK'N AM) MIXAS BASIN KASTKRN KXTRKMITV Ol-' CORNWAI.I.IS VAJ.l.KV. NOVA SCOTIA.
A r
amoxi s
R
eg ion
— lafje Jlnnapolis Valley and "3sand of Svangeline" — witfi some account of its fruit culture possibilities
'T^HE poetic and historic associations of the Annapolis Valley J. and the "Land of Evangeline" are of worldwide fame.
It was at Port Royal at the head of the Annapolis Basin that the French, under the redoubtable pioneer De Monts, estab- lished their first colony on the American Continent in 1605.
And the poet's sad, sweet story has endeared Acadie to thousands who else knew little of Nova Scotia.
"In the Acadian Land, on the shores of the Basin of Minas, Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand Pr& Lay in the fruitful valley"
Yet such is the scenic beauty of the Cornwallis and Annapolis Valleys and the Grand Pr6 region, that if they lay in crowded England their natural charms alone would draw to them annually thousands of visitors. The Dominion Atlantic Ry runs through the heart of this country for a hundred miles, and fewjourneys of thesame length can show the world — traveller a fairer landscape. But to- day, for the visitor to this part of Nova Scotia, there are interests other than those of history, or of poetry or of scenery to attract, for
this part of the Dominion has not been behind the rest of Canada in that general development and prosperity which is now attracting the attention of the world.
Great as are the mining, agricultural, and other prospects in Nova Scotia to-day, it is the remarkable progress of fruit culture in the Cornwallis and Annapolis Valleys which promises so bright a commercial future to this "Garden of Nova Scotia", — and has already justified the name of Acadie as applied to this land, which was derived from the Indian word "akade", meaning "abund- ance." Apples are grown profitably in almost every county in the province but it is the fruit belt of the Cornwallis and Annapolis Valleys which has changed the "forest primeval" of the poet, into one of the most highly cultivated and prosperous districts in the Dominion.
This district consists of one continuous valley extending for 100 miles east and west. It is sheltered on one side by the North Mountain and liesbetween this range and the hilly ranges ofthe South Mountain, giving the valley an average breadth of about 8 miles. In the middle of the valley is a low watershed from which the
RESOURCES
ORCHARDS. CORNWAI.I.IS N. s.
I.OOKINC. Acitoss mi-: MIH-XTAIX TOWARDS THK NORTH MOI/NTAI.N
l>YKl:l> M Mil II I.AXDS IX MIDDI.i: DIS1AXII-:
Annapolis River flowing- westerley discharges its waters through
Digby Gut into the Bay of Fundy, the waters of the Cornwallis flow- ing easterly into Minas Basin. These advantages of situation and
drainage combined with fertility of soil and exceptionally fine aut- umn weather for the ripening of fruit make this district one which
in the productiveness of its orchards and the quality of the fruit is
not surpassed, if indeed it has its equal, anywhere.
This industry has been developed wholly within the last forty
years. Practically the first shipment of Nova Scotia apples to
England was made in 1870, and this in a sailing vessel carrying a
cargo of lumber. Previous to that time the yield amounting to a
very few thousand barrels annually and consisting largely of un-
grafted natural fruit was all disposed of locally. The statistics of last
season show that the foreign shipment reached a total of nearly
550, ooo barrels, while the part of the crop consumed at home and
distributed in the neighbouring provinces would not be less than
from 80,000 to 100,000 barrels. On the amount exported the larger
shipments were made to London, Liverpool and Glasgow.
While apple growing does not involve the initial expenditure
of much capital, except in operations on a large scale, it calls for
more untiring care and patient waiting for returns than any other
branch of Horticulture. Trees five years set and upwards may
bear a few apples giving promise of future productiveness, but it
is not until an orchard has been planted from fifteen to twenty
years that it gives any considerable income above expenses. Some
fruit growers seek to obtain more immediate returns by double- planting their orchards, rows of plum or peach being set between
the apple trees. This utilizes the whole of the ground from the
start and as the apple trees come into bearing and require more
room the other shorter-lived trees are cut out. From its twentieth
year on, however, an apple orchard that has been properly grown
will, with continued care and cultivation, give the farmer a steady
and reliable income for the rest of his days, and continue its pro- ductiveness for the generation after him. Apple culture, however,
to be successful demands that the grower be a man of industry and observation, and in these days of ground fertilixation and in- sect pests he must attain by experience or otherwise a consider- able degree of scientific knowledge.
The business of apple growing is not, as the uninitiated might assume, the mere setting out on the farm of a few hundred trees to grow and mature, and, finally, after some score of years waiting on the part of the farmer, the production of abundant annual crops of fruit to be picked by him and shipped to market. It is a more serious undertaking. The production of fruit on a commercial scale involves questions of varieties, planting, pruning, cultivation, fertilization, drainage, spraying and shipment, and the work of the fruit grower continues with little relaxation throughout the year. The season's work begins early in the year, most of the prun- ing being done while the trees are dormant and often while snow is still on the ground. Early in the life of the tree the grower be- gins to shape it, the aim of the repeated primings being to develop a symmetrical top open to the air and sunlight so as to insure the proper coloring of the fruit as it matures. As soon as the snow is thawed and the ground dry enough to be worked tillage is begun, usually by the ploughing in of the cover crop sown the previous year. Ploughing is followed by harrowing, which under modern methods is repeated about every two weeks until late in the sum- mer. This method of cultivation not only promotes tree growth by rendering plant food more available, but the harrowing stirs the ground thoroughly to the depth of about three inches and this layer of loose earth acts as a mulch in preventing evaporation and conserves the moisture accumulated in the land during winter and early spring.
Early in the season begins as well the fight against fungi and insect pests. Of these the Black Spot which attacks the fruit and AI-IM.I-: BLOSSOMS
the Bud Moth, Canker worm and Caterpillar which eat the foliage ORCHARD AT STARS POINT N. s. WHICH PRODUCED 3300 BLS. OF APPLES IN 1903
A TYPICAL VIKW IN TIIK OHl'IIARI) COl'NTRY
RESOURCES
mi-: RHSTISI: SKASON FOR MOTH TRKKS AND UROWKR
VIEW OK THK PLANTATION Ol- R. S. EATON, KKNTVI I.I.K, X. S. WHOSE ORCHARDS CONTAIN APPLE, PI. I M, PEACH AND OTHER KRL'IT TRKKS
are the most destructive enemies which the fruit grower in Nova Scotia has yet to contend with. Acting on the general maxim that prevention is better than cure fruit growers now consider the spray- ing of the trees both before the fruit buds open and after the blos- soms fall as part of the routine duties.
Cultivation is kept up until the middle or last of July when the land is usually sown with the Crimson or Mammoth Clover which grows up quickly during the autumn. This cover crop, as it is called, protects the soil and the tree roots during the winter and is ploughed under the next season supplying the land with
DIGBY AND ANNAPOLIS BASIN WESTERN EXTREMITY OK ANNAPOLIS VALLEY
RESOURCES
9
both humus and nitrogen. Ground bone, muriate of potash and other commercial fertilizers are sown broadcast during cultivation to supply phosphoric acid and potash, each of which is required in considerable quantities by the bearing orchard.
Early in September the fruit begins to ripen and during this month the first shipments of Gravensteins are made to England. Thousands of barrels of this variety are grown annually and it is generally acknowledged by fruit growers that in no climate or country do the Gravensteins excel in texture, flavour and keeping qualities those grown in Nova Scotia. From September onwards shipping continues throughout the fall and winter, the last ship- ments being made during the months of March and April. Picking is completed during the month of October and the farmer and his help are kept busy securing the crop as it matures. The apples are all picked by hand into baskets from which they are gently empt- ied into barrels distributed through the orchard. These are in turn gathered up by a team and taken to the farm fruit house where they are sorted, usually into two grades, and packed ready for sale or shipment. The harder varieties which are retained for winter shipment have then to be put in a frost-proof warehouse until the time comes for marketing them. Many fruit growers have frost- proof warehouses of their own and larger ones are now located at all the principal stations along the lines of railway, some owned by local exporters and others by the different commission firms in England through whom the apples are finally marketed.
There are two methods of marketing apples between which the crop is about equally divided. By one of these the apples are packed by the grower and shipped under his own name and brand to some commission firm in Entrland or elsewhere to be sold on
his account at the current market rates. The farmer following this method has to study the markets so as to know when and where to make his heaviest shipments. By this method the grower gets returns for his shipment of fruit as it is sold by the commission house to which it has been consigned. The other method is to sell the crop in the fall to the exporters or "speculators" as they are called. In this way the grower realizes on the entire crop at once, as the apples are paid for as fast as they are picked and delivered, the exporter repacking and shipping them as he sees fit.
Thus in brief is sketched an industry, necessarily of slow growth, but which, though scarcely 'past its infancy, has now become one of the staple industries of Nova Scotia. It is estimated that there are upwards of 80,000 acres of orchard now growing and of this there is undoubtedly sufficient acreage in bearing to produce in a favourable season at least 700,000 barrels of market- able fruit worth not less than a million and a half of dollars. That this production will be doubled before many years is certain as there are more young trees growing to-day than there are old trees in bearing, and there is no apparent limit to the profitable expansion of the industry. There are thousands of acres of land in Nova Scotia equally as well adapted to fruit growing as any now planted, the educational and social advantages of the country are good, the climate is heathful, and the time is ripe for the incoming of a few thousands of intelligent settlers whose industry would within the next quarter of a century make of the Annapolis Valley one continuous orchard, along the blossom-bordered roads of which in the month of June one could drive for a hundred miles without changing direction.
SYHNKV, C'AI'K HRKTON, N. S.
10
RESOURCES
CLACK BAY, X. S.
THe Coal Fields of Canada
THE world's annual production of coal amounts in round numbers to about 900,000,000 tons, and of this immense quantity the British Empire produces somewhat less than one-third. From the mines of Canada alone there are extracted each year almost eight million tons, which means about 1.7 tons per capita of our popu- lation. Speaking generally wood is still the common fuel of the people of Eastern Canada who live outside the cities and larger towns, and in British Columbia wood in most parts is abundant, cheap and convenient. On the prairie lands of the central West woodlands are not so extensive and the demand for coal for domestic purposes will steadily grow as settlement progresses.
In the cities and towns and in hundreds of villages too coal is the fuel of the household, the best and practically the only available means for heating and cooking. But its use is imper- ative wherever manufacturing is carried on and wherever modern means of transportation are in operation. It is the stored energy that turns the wheels of industry, that propels the ocean and river vessels and driv.es the railway train. Without access to coal no nation could possibly thrive or in any way compete with the out- side world ; and possessed of considerable deposits of the all im- portant mineral a country has a national asset which makes pro- gress possible and almost certain.
Upon Canada has been bestowed an abundance of most valuable resources — almost boundless forests, productive fisheries and millions of acres of fertile soil, and besides all these, extensive deposits of the modern world's fuel. According to a very reliable estimate the coal areas of Canada cover 97,200 square miles, not including areas known, but as yet undeveloped, in the far North.
The areas respecting which positive information exists are distri- buted as follows : first, the coal fields of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick ; second, those of the North-West Territories ; and third, those of British Columbia. In reply to a question asked recently in the House of Commons the minister of the Interior read a statement respecting the coal areas of Canada which in substance was as follows : " The area of coal-bearing rocks within the Dominion is very great, the largest portion being in the North- west Territories and British Columbia, but in these latter regions it has not yet been found possible to precisely define the boundaries of the different districts. The coal occurs principally in the cre- taceous and tertiary rocks that extend from Southern Manitoba westward to the Rocky Mountains. Long geological basins con- taining coal also occur within the Rocky Mountains and among the other mountain ranges westward to the Pacific coast. Important coal fields exist on the inner side of Vancouver Island and extensive collieries have been worked here for many years. Numerous large coal seams occur in the Crow's Nest coal field in the south eastern part of British Columbia ; also in the vicinity of Blairmore and Frank, in Alberta. New coal mines are being opened about Canmore,and Anthracite. Coal is also found in the Nicola valley in British Columbia. In the Yukon territory a good quantity of coal is being mined in the northwestern part of the Klondyke district." The report further stated that "The valuable coal basins of Cape Breton and the counties of Cumberland and Pictou are con- trolled by the government of Nova Scotia. A small quantity of coal is found in New Brunswick." The minister said coal is known to exist in the vicinity of Edmonton along the North
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11
Saskatchewan river above that town ; also on the Pacific slope from Port Simpson near the proposed route of the Grand Trunk Pacific. But productive as are her fisheries and fertile as are her farms still coal is king- in Nova Scotia. Rich as the Province is in other resources it is in her coal mines that her greatest asset lies. Coal is known to exist in five counties in Nova Scotia. In four of these it is being extensively worked. In the fifth, Richmond, no practical mining is being done at present, though thirty years ago a fair quantity was shipped. Attempts at the present are being made to discover seams of economic or commercial value. The coal- fields of Nova Scotia having seams of the thickness of four and a-half to fifteen feet (or over) cover 992 square miles. The secondary coal fields with seams up to three feet thick cover 1,500 square miles. The probable coal fields under the newer rocks of the Gulf Shore northern part of Pictou, Colchester and Cumberland counties cover 1,500 square miles. A very high authority on the coal deposits and coal mining of Canada writes as follows in regard to this
great asset of Nova Scotia : — " The mileage and acreage for the several counties may be allotted as follows :
Square Miles • 45°
3C
81,920
County
Cape Breton
Cumberland 300
Inverness i 28
Richmond 84
Pictou o
Ac-res 2*8,OOO
19,200
Total in acres 6^4,8!So
The thickness ot the seams in the several counties average as follows : —
Cape Breton, approximate thickness. . . . 10 feet Cumberland " " . . (> feet
Inverness " " ..15 feet
Richmond " " . . (i feet
Pictou, " " ..ii feet
giving an average thickness of, say, nine and a-half feet. Taking 634,880 acres, of an average thickness of 9^ feet, the quantity of coal therein should be 7,313,817,600 tons. But it should be noted that an acre may contain more coal in one county than in another. For instances an acre of coal in either Pictou or Cumberland will cont.iin much more coal than an acre in Cape Breton, for the reason that the seams of ihe former lie at a greater angle. Merrivale, in his " Notes and Formulae," gives a rule for finding the produce of coal as follows : — " 100 tons per inch for thickness per acre". This leaves an ample allowance of about '2>> per cent. , for loss of every kind. According to this formula an acre should yield 1 1,520 tons. Let us say there were 6,348,800,000 tons of coal in the field. There have been extracted some 66,000,000 tons. This still leaves about 6,250,000,000 tons in the fields of first importance. What the quantity out- side of this field is, no one can say. Were I to hazard an opinion, I might say there are
MINKS AT I.KI IIHRMK.l:, AI.MK.RTA, . OWNKH HV I 111-: AI.HKRTA K.\II.WAV AMI C.OAI, c. O.
10,000,000,000 tons yet to he won in all of Nova Scotia. Can it be disputed that coal is Nova Scotia's greatest asset ? "
The coal shipments for 1903 from Nova Scotia collieries amounted to 4/172,000 tons and it is estimated that this will be increased to 5,000,000 tons in 1904 and that the mines will be in a position to ship 7,000,000 tons in 1906. Regarding the past years operations Hon. R. Drummond writes as follows: "Though, as regards shipments, results for the year have not fulfilled expecta- tions, it has yet to be said that the Coal trade of 1903 shows a substantial advance over any of its predecessors.
The year did not show an increase as phenomenal as did that of 1902 over 1901. Nor was the increase as remarkable as those for the three years next preceding 1902, nevertheless the year showed an increase of some 354,000 tons over 1902 ; and no less an increase than 1,200,000 tons over 1901, and of 1,650,000 tons
NANAIMO COU.IKRV, HELONCINU TO THE WKSTKRN FIKI. CO., B. C
12
RESOURCES
SYDXKY, I'AI'K BRETON, N. S. VIKW OF SHIPPING H1HRS AND TIIK WORKS OF TIIK DOMINION IKON AM) STKKL COMPANY.
over 1900. To be able to say that the coal trade of the Province has increased fifty per cent in three years is something' to be proud of and it is cause for still greater gratification to be able to say that in eleven years the coal trade has made the remarkable increase of three hundred per cent."
The national importance of Nova Scotia coal fields as one of the most valuable coal deposits of the British empire, and as a source of supply for the navv in the event of any complications arising' with foreign powers, is likely in the future to receive greater attention. Great Britain, with her collieries situated at tidewater, and in many cases winning' coal under the sea, possesses the largest and most valuable coal supply of Europe, which enables her to practically control the coal market of Europe, and to carry on manufacturing for a vast European population. The coal fields of the United Kingdom have been the greatest factor in building up and maintaining British supremacy. It is a remarkable fact that in the coal fields of Cape Breton, the British empire possesses the only coal deposits at tidewater on the Atlantic seabord of North and South America. All the coal fields of the United States are from three to four hundred miles distant from the seaboard. It is also a remarkable coincidence that this is also true of the Pacific seabord, where the coal deposits of Vancouver Island belong to the British empire. There are deposits of coal in south- ern California and also in Chili, but these coals are so friable, and of such inferior quality as to be wholly unfit for use in steamers. It will be seen, therefore, that the pjxsession of the Cape Breton deposits, from an Imperial standpoint, is of very far reaching and of vital importance to the empire.
The Canadian North-West Territories possess many and varied resources, and although they are generally thought of as an agricultural country still their mineral deposits are of great value. Extensive coal deposits exist there ; and without this adequate supply of fuel in almost every portion of the country it would not be so attractive as a field for settlement. A conserva- tive estimate of the coal-bearing strata in the Territories places
the coal area at 65,000 square miles. The yearly output of the mines now in operation is about 400,000 tons.
The coal mines already discovered are of sufficient capacity to supply the whole of Canada with fuel for centuries. Lignites are now mined in Eastern and Western Assiniboia, and in Northern Alberta. Semi-bituminous coal is mined at Lethbridge and at other places in Southern Alberta. The true bituminous is mined at a number of places in Southern Alberta. True anthracite coal is mined at Anthracite, four miles from Banff. There are extensive collieries at Lethbridge, Canmore and Anthracite. Already the coal mining industry in the Territories affords employment to about fifteen hundred hands.
Another important kindred industry which is rapidly springing into prominence is the manufacture of coke, now progressing along the line of the Crow's Nest Railway in Southern Alberta. Exten- sive beds of excellent coking coal are found there. This industry is bound to develop rapidly and is already employing a large number of people.
The coal deposits of British Columbia, which were discovered in 1835, are know to be among the largest in the world. Although known seventy years ago it was not until 1875 that the coal out- put of the Province exceeded 100,000 tons a year. From that time the market for British Columbia coal steadily increased until 1902 about 1,500,000 tons of coal and 128,000 tons of coke were produced, the market and the transportation facilities, rather than the mines, being the limiting factors in the production.
The late Dr. George M. Dawson, Director of the Geologic.!1 Survey of Canada, gave the following estimate of the extent of the coal areas of British Columbia :
Nanaimo Coal Basin 200 sq. miles.
Comox basin 700 ''
Queen Charlotte's Island 800
Tertiary lignite-bearing rocks in
different parts of the Province, 12,000
RESOURCES
On Vancouver Island the collieries are being extensively worked with good results, and within the last five years the coal fields on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains have been rendered accessible by railway, and here coal is being mined in large quan- tities and thousands of tons of excellent coke are manufactured each year.
The Crow's Nest Railway which has been mentioned above as running through the coal-bearing regions of Southern Alberta, continues its course after crossing the Rocky Mountains, into an even richer coalfield in the south-eastern corner of British Columbia embracing an area in which Fernie, Michel and Morrissey are the chief centres. In this region the mines of one company a'one, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, produced in 1903 no less than 589,000 tons and the country adjacent contains coal deposits not less rich. Other companies are preparing to work in this field. The Imperial Coal and Coke Co. Ltd., who own (10,000 acres of coal land to the immediate north of the Crow's Nest I'ass Coal Company, are actively eng.iged in installing equipment, and expect to be mining coal this summer.
In fact the distribution of coal seems general throughout the Province, since it is known to exist in places along the western slope of the Rockies ; it is found in the interior valleys at Nicola,
on the Thompson River and in the Omineca District ; it occurs on the Pacific coast on Vancouver Island, on the Queen Charlotte Islands, and along the Skeena River, while recent reports confirm its existence in the Chilkat District of the Lake Bennett Mining Division. Extensive as are the developments of the coal deposits, still they are so vast that by far the greater part of this immense reserve power — for coal is power -remains dormant at present, an asset reserved for use in opening up the coming trade of the Pacific.
According to the report of the minister of Mines of British Columbia, the output of the collieries amounted last year to 1,450,- ooo tons of coal, and besides 165,500 tons of coke were manufac- tured. The coal output was disposed of as follows : 527, i 14 tons were sold for consumption in Canada ; 546,723 tons were exported to the United States ; and 2,725 tons were exported to other countries ; 420, }So tons were used in making coke or in colliery boilers for the purpose ot assisting in working the mines. The collieries of the Province give employment to 4,264 hands ot whom tullv three- fourths are at work under ground.
Since 1836 the coal output of British Columbia has amounted to 19,989.390 long tons possessing a value of 860,349,694. The coke produce has amounted to 594.435 tons, possessing a value of 82,972,175.
VIEW FROM THE COAL MINES AT ANTHRACITE, ALBKKTA
TIMBER
Spruce Larch Aspen Birch
Balsam Poplar Balsam Fir Pine Maple Ash Fir
Neuifoundland
Populatio n — a 2 o , ooo
LABRADOR— Area, 12,000 square miles
and Labrador
Map showing size of Newfoundland (black part of map) compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
MINERALS
Manganese
Gypsum.
Copper
Pyrites
Sandstone
Granite
Petroleum
Asbestos
Mica Iron
Coal Galen;
Chromite
Marbles
Lead Gold
Nickel
Roofing Slate
LABRADOR— population included under Newfoundland
Newfoundland ranks sixth in the list of copper producing- countries of the world. Its mines have been in operation since 1864, and have produced in the neighborhood of 9,000,000 tons of ore. In the Bay of Notre Dame a number of mines are situated at Tilt Cove, Betts Cove and Little Bay. The Geological Survey of Canada reports show that copper-bearing rocks arc to he found spread over an area of 5,000 square miles.
The exploitation of the forest resources of Newfoundland is but begun. Developments have taken place in the lumber industry within recent years, large holdings now being controlled by The Exploits Lumber Company, The St. George's Bay Lumber Company and the Parrsboro Lumber Company, &c.
Newfoundland's coal areas are extensive, and, when developed, there will be a large export of the product even after the home market has been supplied.
For the first time in many years, fish have reached $5 a quintal. Stocks in the Colony are light, the demand abroad is brisk, and everything points to a prosperous year for our fishermen. The Norwegian catch is almost as small as last year, and the French vessels making St. Pierre from the Grand Banks are also poorly fished.
The Canadian Manufacturers' Association are desirous of promoting the trade of Canada, and with this object in view its officials are alert to en- courage any feature that will further this desired end.
At a recent meeting of the executive the question of promoting closer trade connections between Can- ada and Newfoundland was discussed at some length, and after the matter had been thoroughly gone into it was unanimously decided that a large delegation from the officials and members of the Association should visit Britain's oldest colony during the month of July next.
In keeping with this decision, Mr. R. J. Younge, the general secretary of the Canadian Manufac- turers' Association visited Yarmouth, X. S., to inspect a vessel which has been chartered to convev the members of the Association on their trip to the island. It is also proposed that the delegation should visit the principal points of interest, from a manufac- turing point of view, in the Maritime Provinces, in order to interest merchants in furthering trade with Western Canada.
The visit to Newfoundland should have good re- sults, not only from a trade point of view, but in bringing together in a better understanding, the people of Canada and Newfoundland.
The members are looking forward to the outing with pleasurable anticipation, for while it will serve as a most enjoyable holiday trip, much is expected to result that will prove advantageous to Canadian trade.
C. E. Willis, manager of the Humber River Con- solidated Mining Co., is at Bay of Islands, to super- intend the company's operations this summer. The company have already contracted to deliver 58,000 tons of their copper ore at New York this summer, and will commence operations at once. One ore steamer has already been chartered
The first new factory for the manufacture of cod- liver oil on an extensive scale will be started in a few days at Golden Bay, Cape St. Mary's, by Mr. Jas.
O'Neil of Bav de Verde, who has a thorough know- ledge ot the business. The factor}' will be equipped with the most up-to-date machinery for refining oil. In connection with the factory also, Mr. O'Xeil will open a supply store, and will carry a large stock of provisions of all kinds to suit the requirements of fishermen with whom he will deal. He starts to- night for St. Mary's, and we wish him every success
in his new venture.
Mr. John T. Roche, of Branch, has concluded ne- gotiations with a large New York firm which is lar- gely interested in cod-liver oil. Mr. Roche willcarry on that branch of the business verv extensively this season.
St. John's may yet have a big modern hotel, in the very near future, that it so much finds the need of each season as tourist time comes round. It is without question a " long felt want," and there is money to coin in the business in this country for the enterprising Company who pushes the project.
The new guano factor}' at Aquaforte is nearlv completed.
Mr. M. T. Flymi is making arrangements to start a mill at Mortier Bay for sawing and dressing all sorts of lumber, shingles, laths, etc. The location is a good one as to date very few factories have been erected along the South Coast.
\\ . Dawe is building a furniture factorv at Bav Roberts.
The Government of Newfoundland has entered into a contract with the Newfoundland Cold Storage and Reduction Company, a company composed of Montreal and Western gentlemen, for the erection of bait storage houses and the disposal of fresh fish and fish offal. An Act has been passed to give effect to the contract.
The Company agrees to erect between St. John's and Port au Basques (probably at Bruin) a central cold storage warehouse, containing boilers, machin- ery and engines with a capacity of freezing 30 tons of ice per day ; also a packing house with machinery for the reduction of fish offal and oil bearing fish material, with a capacity for freezing 30 tons of fish or fish offal per day ; also a warehouse to handle and ship 100 tons of fresh fish per day.
The Company agrees to expend $250,000 in this work. The Company also agrees to erect storage bait houses at least five and not more than thirteen at the option of the Government for freezing, storing and handling bait and to sell the same to fisher- men at i per cent, above cost.
The Government on its part agrees to pay the Company for 20 years any deficiency in the profits required to make a dividend up to 5 p. c. on an ex- penditure of $250,000, not to exceed $25,000 per annum.
This is one of the most important departures made by the Government for many vears. The fishermen will he provided with fresh bait and with a market for fresh fish. The value of these services cannot well be estimated. The Company proposes to serve the central storage by means of steamers that will visit the fishing grounds. The success of the under- taking will lead to direct connection with Boston bv refrigeration steamers in order that quick delivery may be made there. The market for Atlantic fresh fish is every vear extending further into the interior from the Atlantic seaboard. The prospects of an increasing demand in the future are undoubted and only require more modern methods to be met.
York Harbor Mine. — Extensive work is being carried on in connection with the copper mine at York Harbor. Quite a number of men have been taken on lately, and the company expect to ship several cargoes of ore from there this year. Already one steamer — the Muniii, a Norwegian ship — has arrived, and is loading sixteen hundred tons of ore.
Millertown Mills. — Sawing operations commenced at Millertown to-day. Including the cut at Glen- wood, etc., the Timber Estates Co. have 30 million feet of lumber to saw this year.
Newfoundland is the greatest breeding place for lobsters in the whole world, and of the $10,000,000, spent each year for the crustacean, Newfoundland receives nearly a million. If paid however accord- ing to the prices given for " fresh " lobsters, she would receive half the total, but her isolation forbids the profitable export of live lobsters, and her whole product is tinned, being shipped in that form and remaining fit for food indefinitely.
The Newfoundland Timber Estates Co. reckon on exporting eight million feet of lumber to Europe this season.
Scoti^
MINERALS
Coal Manganese Antimony Iron Gold Gypsum
Copper &c.
aple Oak Pine Spruce
Cherry Beech Hemlock
Elm i Poplar Fir Birch r*\ Arbor Yitre Tamarac
Area — 21.428 square miles.
Populalion— 4S9.S74
Map showing size of Nova Scotia (black part of Map) compared with all British North America aud also the British Isles
The province contains nearly fourteen millions of acres, of which nearly one-filth part consists of lakes and streams. Five or six million acres of land are fit for tillage. From the appearance of the coast no idea can be formed of the beauty and fertility of the interior. The coast is indented with numerous excellent harbors, most of which are easy of access, safe and commodious.
The climate of Nova Scotia is tonic anil bracing. The temperature is more equable than that of any other part of the Dominion.
For all the fruits of the temperate zone the soil and climate of Nova Scotia are favorable. Fruit raising is at present chiefly confined to three counties, viz., Annapolis, Hants and Kings, out of eighteen comprising the province. The annual crop of apples exceeds half a million barrels from the districts referred to, most of which is exported. Peaches, plums, cherries, strawberries, rasp- berries and tomatoes give large yields with little attention. Considerable quantities are supplied regularly to New York, Boston, and other towns on the United States seaboard.
The fisheries of Nova Scotia have long been celebrated. No country in the world can exceed this province in its variety of delicious fish and its inexhaust- ible quantity. There are cod, haddock, mackerel, herring, alewives, pollack, hake, halibut, eels, shad, salmon, trout, grayling, perch, smelt, etc., and also a splendid supply of shell fish.
Nova Scotia contains large tracts of woodland, which produce timber for manufacturing into lumber for exportation* Large quantities of pine, spruce, hemlock, hardwood, deals, scantling, staves, etc., are annually shipped from the different ports in the province to the West Indies, United States and Europe.
• The valuable mineral resources of Nova Scotia are being rapidly developed. It is one of the few countries which have workable deposits of coal, iron and gold side by side.
Nova Scotia affords numberless facilities for manufactures on account of its inexhaustible water powers and the abundance of coal and iron.
A company has been formed to manufactuiv boots and shoes at Sydney. A board of provisional direct- ors was appointed and the company will be formallv organized to-morrow. The factory will employ 200 hands and have a capacity of 200,000 pairs yearly.
The Canso Cold Storage Co., Limited, with a capital of $100,000, will erect a freezing plant at Canso for the purpose of supplying bait to the Nova Scotia and Gloucester fishing fleets.
Shelburne building yards are very busy at the pre- sent time. Mr. John A. McGowan, who recently launched a steamer and a small schooner for parties in Granville is at work on a three masted schooner for Newfoundland owners. Mr. Joseph McGill has two steamers under construction, while a number of schooners are being built or repaired in his yards.
Extensive developments are now being made at the barytes mines at Lake Ainslie, Inverness County, by the Eastern Milling Co., of Halifax. The com- pany have closed a contract with an American com- pany to supply 50,000 tons of barytes, covering a period of five years. A sixty horse-power boiler, operating six drills, has been installed. Two mod- ern piers, ,300 feet long, have been built on the east side of the lake near the mine, the other on the east- ern side of the lake, where it connects with the In- verness Railway and Coal Company's railway at Siding.
The output of the Inverness collieries in one week lately exceeded four thousand tons, it is expected the mines will be operated on a double shift soon, which will be the means of largely increasing the output. The management of the colliery confidently expect an output of 100,000 tons during the next four months.
The steamer "Salerno" cleared for Glasgow lately with a full cargo of steel from the Dominion Iron and Steel Company. The shipment included a spe- cial consignment of steel billets for an English firm which were the longest yet rolled at the works here, being twelve feet long. The Salerno's cargo totalled nearly 5,000 tons.
Horace Mayhew, one of the largest and wealth- iest coal operators in England, is looking over areas of the Cape Breton Coal, Iron and Railway company, which has for the past year been making import- ant developments of their eoal properties at Coch- rane's lake, about fifteen miles from Sydney. Thomas Lancaster, the president and general manager of the company, is accompanying him. Mr. Lancaster's first experience in coal mining was had with Mr. Mayhew. Together with II. S. I'oole, the well-known mining engineer and mineralogist, Halifax, they are making an exhaustive examination of the areas in question and the probabilities are that an English syndicate, headed by Mr. Mavhew, will take over and develop the properties on a very extensive scale. Mi\ Mavhew i^i owner of the great Aston-Hall col- lieries in Flintshire, Wales, and is a director in near- ly all the more important coal companies in Great Britain.
During this summer the Dominion Geological Survey will send Mr. Hugh Fletcher and Mr. E. B. Faribault to complete the survey of the Cumberland Coal Basin and of Lunenburg County respectively. The former will make his headquarters at SpringhiH and will resume the survey of Kings County and start upon that of Annapolis whilst Mr. Faribault will make Briclgewater his centre and will make de- tailed surveys of the gold districts of Leipsigate, Blockhouse, Indian Path, The Ovens, Pleasant River Barrens, North Brookfield and Molega.
The Kimberley mine and Strathcona mine are rushing coal out nowadays. At Bayside mine they are moving the machinery to a new pit, where they expect to mine coal in a short time ; they are also preparing to sink a slope on a new se;im. When com- pleted they intend working both pits with one set of machinery, and putting in an up-to-date plant for handling coal of the two seams on one bank head. That will very materially reduce the expense of handling the coal on the surface.
Rhodes, Curry and company, have secured the contract from the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Com- pany for the erection of twenty-five dwelling houses at Sydney mines.
Tin' output from the Dominion Coal Company's mines for the month of May was highly satisfactory, being 3 to, 555 tons, an increase of (x),ooo tons over that of March and an increase of 63,642 tons over the April output of 11)03. In May that year neither No. i nor the Hub was producing coal, yet neglect- ing these there is an increase of 21,000 tons in the other collieries. No. 2 mine beat all previous records by about 10,000 tons. The mine output will show considerable increase over these figures, as the Hub is constantly increasing its output and mining ma- chines are being introduced. Dominion No. I will produce between 40,000 and 50,000 tons this month. The Steel Works' strike is not considered likely to affect coal operations] unless some unexpected com- plications come up.
Detailed output for May is as follows : —
Tons.
Dominion No. i -p.s. I'M
Dominion No. 2 Si , 167
Dominion No. 3 41,580
Caledonia 46,530
Reserve 75, 265
International 21,850
Hub <-i<702
Total 3'°.5S5
A number of Provincial gentlemen have organized a company to be known as the Midland Oil and Gas Company, (Limited,) which now controls some thousands of acres at Scotch Village, Brooklyn and adjacent points on the line of the Midland Railway from Truro to Windsor, where very prominent evidences of oil have been known of for some time past.
The Company feels thouroughly satisfied that it has valuable territory, and already some very strong testimony has been elicited from reliable sources as to the favorable conditions that exist both for oil and gas, and still further expert testimony is now being arranged for.
It is encouraging to see our own people evincing a willingness to make the attempt to develop our home resources and it is to be hoped that the efforts of this new Company will meet with all possible success.
TIMBER
Maple Spruce Cherry Hemlock Ash Fir
Elm Birch
Tamarac
Oak
Beech
Poplar
Neui Brunsuiick
MINERALS
Salt Nickel
Sal ('stone Antimony Manganese
Granite Copper Coal
Limestones Graphite Gypsum Clays, &c.
Area— ay, 985 square miles
P. E. ISLAND— Area, 2,184 square miles
and Prince Eduiard Island
Map showing size of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island (black part of Map) compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
Population— 331, tao
P. E ISLAND— Population 103,259
This province produces every kind of grain an-.l root crop produced in
The fisheries are valuable, and employ a large number of men. Most of the
England, as well as some that do not come to maturity in the climate of the fish caught are identical with the same species in Europe. Every river, brook, Motherland. Much attention is now being given to dairying, with the best results. All kinds of garden vegetables and all the fruits of the temperate zone are grown in abundance.
The industry which employs the most men and yields the largest returns is mines have been successfully worked.
and lake abounds with fish.
There is much mineral wealth throughout the province and a number of
the lumber trade.
New Brunswick, owing to its cheap coal and its proximity to t!:o markets of the world, has many advantages as a manufacturing country.
The province is noted for its sport, and useful guides may be found, for hunting and fishing expeditions, among the Indians.
Prince Edward Island, " The Garden of the Gulf," is famed for the fertility Prince Edward Island is the best fishing station in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
of its soil. The whole island consists of valuable cultivable land, and the yet the fisheries have not received the attention they deserve. This industry is
soil is well watered with numerous springs and rivers. All kinds of grain and capable of vast development.
vegetables grown in England ripen here to perfection. Potatoes are exported Of late years considerable attention has been given to the raising of live
in immense quantities. The manufactures are limited, stock for export.
Olive G. Anderson, Marshall St. G. Anderson and Aitken McK. Anderson, of Newcastle, Northumber- land county ; Frederick W. Gale, of London, and James A. Weldon, of Glasgow, are seeking incor- poration as the Anderson Eurniture Company Li- mited. The capital stock is to be $150,000, of which one-half has been subscribed. The office and chief place of business is to be at Newcastle.
Potato shipments from the Maritime Provinces to Boston Mass. U. S. A. this spring where heavy. Fully 100,000 barrels went from New Brunswick and P. E. Island.
Prospects for a good fanning season are now in evidence everywhere throughout the country. The meadows have a florishing appearance and the pas- tures are quite green. Vegetation is much further advanced than it was at this season last year, and tin- prospects for a good dairy season is almost all that could be desired.
A St. John N. B., mill man has successfully made a fair quality of paper pulp from spruce bark.
The principal manufacturing industry of New Brunswick is that of converting the timber of its forests into various kinds of lumber. Another product of the forest, which is manufactured in the province on an extensive scale, is pulp. It is uni- versally admitted that spruce is the best of all woods for paper pulp, and of this, New Brunswick poss- esses an abundant and almost inexhaustible supply. There are at present four pulp mills in New Brunswick of large capacity, two at Chatham, one at Mispec, near St. John, and one at St. John. These mills employ a large number of people and there is no doubt that this number will be further increased.
There are five cotton mills in the province ; two in St. John, one in Moncton, one at Marysville, and one at St. Stephen. These mills are all in a prosperous
condition. The atmospheric conditions of the Mari- time Provinces are particularly favourable to this industry, which also enjoys the advantages of cheap water transportation for its raw material.
There are numerous iron foundries, large and small, in the province of New Brunswick and also several brass foundries. The province is well adapt- ed to the manufacture of iron, there being abundant deposits of the necessary material in it or close to it, as well as unlimited supplies of coal from Grand Lake which would be available for smelting. The time, no doubt, is near at hand when New Brunswick will be an iron producing country.
Contrary to the experience of some other pulp manufacturers in Canada, the St. George Pulp and Paper Co. of St. George, has been remarkably suc- cessful. Owning as they do their spruce timber, which they can cut and drive to their mills cheaply ; with a modern mill capable of turning out the finest quality of pulp, and with their own wharves, where vessels can be loaded within 300 ft. of the mill, it is difficult to find another pulp mill as favorably situated.
The surplus power at St. George can be trans- mitted electrically to St. John and other cities to be used in the operation of street railways, for lighting purposes, etc. It is rumored that the company now has plans under consideration looking toward this end.
The mill, which is simple in design, is a single story brick building with truss roof, heated by steam and lighted by electricity. The water from the water wheels is discharged over a spill-way wall at the high-tide level, so that the wheels are discharged over a spill-way givening a uniformity of speed at all seasons of the year. The officers of the company are all practical men of life-long experience, in the pulp and paper business.
Negotiations are completed for the purchase of the Lawrence Foyle Mill at Rosebank, Newcastle,
by a companv of Swedes. The mill was formerly operated bv George McLeod. The new purchasers have extensive operations in the Province of Quebec, and are said to be negotiating for a St. John mill also.
Two cars of graphite wsre forwarded from the mine of the Canada Paint Company at Havelock this week. One was for Montreal and the other for the western States. Seven men are now em- ployed at the mine.
A company has been organized at Moncton under Dominion charter, with capital $500,000, to take over the woollen mill and clothing factory of John A. Humphrey & Son at Humphreys mills. The first directors are W. F. Humphrey, Senator Wood, J. H. Harris, F. W. Sumner and P. S. Archibald.
The N. B. Tourist Association, of which T. H. Bullock is president, and Mrs. R. Olive, secretary, St. John, N. B., has issued a very attractive booklet describing and illustrating St. John and its environs. It has a map of the Maritime Provinces, and a summary of the fishing and game laws, with inform- ation on the haunts of game and fish and how to reach them.
^Prince Edward JsJand
Mechanical Superintendent Poole, of the P. E. I. railway, is in Pictoti to bring over four locomo- tives, one car of iron bridges and three cars of rails, the latter for the Hillsboro bridge. There were five new locomotives recently built by the Kingston Locomotive Works for the P. E. I. railway, one of which is now on exhibition at the St. Louis Fair and will be delivered on the island after the close of the exposition. Chief Superintendent Sharp has secured the steamer Mulgrave and her scow to bring the whole lot over from Pictou.
MINERALS
Gold Iron Silver
Mica Copper Lead
Phosphate Asbestos Peat
Graphite Cbromite Petroleum
Q u e b e c
Basswood
Maple
Cherry
Ash
Elm Oak
Ironwood
TIMBER
Chestnut
Beech
Poplar
Cottonwood
Butternut
Black Walnut Giant Arbor Pine Birch Spruce Hemlock Fir Tamarac
Area— 351,873 square miles
Population— i ,648 ,898
Map showing size of Quebec (black part of Map) compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
The soil of much of this, the second largest province of the Dominion, is capable of high cultivation. Many of the fruits of the temperate zone here grow to perfection and in abundance. Quebec has immense tracts of forest land and a large lumber trade. It is rich in minerals, including gold, silver, copper, iron, plumbago, galena, felspar, limestone, asbestos and mica. Its fisheries are amongst the most valuable in Canada.
The inhabitants of the British Islands and of France will find themselves at home in the Province of Quebec, the English and French languages both being spoken.
The winters in Quebec are moderately cold, and the summers somewhat similar to those of France. The climate of Quebec is one of the healthiest under the sun.
For pasturage the lands of Quebec are of special excellence, particularly those in the Eastern Townships and north of the St. Lawrence. Parts of the Province are especially favorable to the growth of apples and plums, and large quantities are exported. Small fruits grow everywhere in abundance. Grapes ripen in the open air in the southern and western parts of the Province. Agriculture is the chief occupation at present. Many corporations have secured immense areas of timber, mineral, mica, and other deposits, together with water- privileges generating thousands of horse power, so that, ere long, Quebec is bound to enter upon an industrial development that few provinces will be able to equal. The extension of railways has been rapid in the Province since Confederation in 1867. Many large manufactories have also been established.
Mr. \V. D. Hogg, K.C., of Ottawa, introduced several Chicago capitalists to the Premier lately with a view of obtaining assistance to the Central Trunk Railway scheme. This is a new company which is being organized to revive the Atlantic and Lake Superior Railway charters, the intention of which was to build from Gaspe Basin to a port on Georgian Bay. The idea is to have direct railway connection between the Gulf and the great lakes. The Atlantic and Lake Superior was promoted by C. N. Armstrong and Parliament on two occasions have refused to revive the charter.
The idea is to build from Gaspe Basin to Paspebiac, to buy a new line to River du Loup, shortening the distance by the Intercolonial by seventy miles, to use the Intercolonial to Quebec and the Great Eastern and Sorel to Montreal, where a new bridge was to be built, and from Montreal taking a straight line to Midland or to buy out the Canada Atlantic Railway.
Hon. Jules Tessier gives some very interesting data regarding the Lake St. John district. He is the president of the Lake St. John Colonization and Repatriement Association, which succeeded during the past year in placing in the neighborhood of 3,000 settlers around Quebec's great inland sea, 1,119 °f whom came from the United States, and 1,482 from different parts of the province of Quebec. A little less than 200 came from old France, 73 from Sweden, 46 from England, 57 from Norway and 64 from Belgium.
Perhaps a greater increase has taken place in the rural population around Lake St. John since the Dominion census of 1901 than in any other part of old Canada. In 1901 the population of the I^ake St. John country was given as 34,250, while the same parishes had a population at the end of 1903 of nearly 41,000 souls. There was, as a matter of fact, an increase shown in every one of the 29 parishes of that region, save that of St. Jerome, which fell from 2,077 to 2>°7°» or a 'oss of seven. The heaviest increase is found in the parish of Hebertville and St. Wilbrod mission, which increased 673 in the short space of two years.
An order for one thousand box cars, to be built for the company at the Angus shops, has just been given by the C. P. R.
Completion work on the various new buildings at the shops has now been going on for some time, and it is expected that it will soon be over. In the mean- time mostly repair work to rolling stock has been made. Soon everything will be ready for the con- struction of different kinds of cars, and the order ju.st placed will be the first one filled.
The International Portland Cement Co.'s works at Hull, which will be the largest in Canada, are nearing completion. The frames of the buildings are up and the heavy machinery is being put in posi- tion. The site is a fine one, being on the north shore line of the C. P. R., and close to the Ottawa river. The facilities for both rail and water shipment will be the best. The raw materials are all found on the property of the company, which is about 3.20 acres in extent, the limestone of the required quality, and a large clay deposit lying alongside of each other. The buildings are designed to suit the locality, and to secure the greatest possible economy in opera- tion. The raw material will be brought to them by wire carriers, and through the various processes ot grinding and burning will be handled by machinery, the only hand process being that of bagging for the market, when the cement is ready for sale. The capacity will be about 1,800 barrels a day, under ordinary conditions. The market is expected to be found in connection with the large public works and railways, and in the city of Montreal, which is the largest user of cement in Canada, and where the company will have a warehouse and office.
The Imperial Light Heat and Power Company, of Montreal, has been granted the rights of incor- poration, with a capital of $3,000,000. The provi- sional directors are F. D. Monk, W. B. Powell, George Durnford, J. W. Harris, of Montreal and J. R. Raoul, of Quebec.
The company will confine its operations to the manufacture of peal and extracting gas from peat, and while its head office will be situated in this city its principal works will be at Farnham. It is the intention of the company to establish works wherever good peat beds can be located.
The commission which the Government sent to Europe under Dr. Haanel has returned, and it is understood that it will report that the smelting of ore by electricity is a great commercial success. It
is claimed that ore can be smelted by this process. The government grants a bonus of about $6 a ton, so that, it the report is correct, pig iron could be turned out in the vicinity of Ottawa at an actual cost of $2 or $3 a ton.
There is over a million potential horse power going to waste in the Ottawa, Gatineau, Rideau and Lievre rivers, and any amount of ore within easy reach capable of treatment by the electric process, so that this new invention should make the Capital the centre of one of the greatest iron producing districts on the continent. The full report of the experts sent over to investigate the system will be awaited with extreme interest.
M. Menier, the French Chocolate King, has decided to abandon his task of trying to run the Island of Anticosti as a business concern. M. Menier since becoming proprietor of the island, has spent over a million and a half dollars in establishing different industries, but every year a very heavy deficit was shown.
Mr. Langelier, a government official, reports that over 650,000 horse-power could be obtained within a line drawn around I.ake St. John within a dozen miles of it at the north, thirty to the north-west, fifty to the west, two to the south, and ten to the east. He points out that these water powers greatly exceed those of all the rivers in Norway and Sweden where the pulp industry is carried on to so consider- able an extent.
It is suggested by investors in the Province of Quebec pulp industries that the Government should protect them from the rapacity of the American speculators and even if the imposition of an import tax did result in their obtaining their wood from Oregon and the Western States, their action in this respect would be of short duration, for they would in the end have to come to Canada after they had exhausted their home supply and while it would pro- tect the Canadian investors, it would also eventually greatly benefit the Provincial Government in its ultimate gain in revenue. They also advise that while an export tax be imposed on all wood exported to the United States, a preference should be given the English market, and in so doing the Canadian pulp men could easily compete with the Scandinavian manufacturers.
TIMBER
Basswood Birch Black Walnut
Maple Oak Pine
Cherry Chestnut Spruce Ash American Beech Hemlock Elm Hickory Poplar
Butterwood Balsam Tamarac
Ontario
MINERALS Mica Gold
Phosphate Silver Corundum Lead Asbestos Iron
Nickel Copper Petroleum Graphite
Area— 360,862 square miles
Population— a, i8», 947
Map showing size of Ontario (black part of Map) compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
There is a wealth of timber in this Province capable of furnishing an abund- Lake Huron are the famous oil springs, and farther to the north in the same ant supply both for home consumption and for every probable demand that district are prolific salt wells. The climate of Ontario varies according1 to the commerce can make upon it for long years to come. The districts north of latitude, altitude and situation with reference to the great lakes, but is upon
the whole one of the pleasantest and most healthful in the world.
Ontario is the premier Province in respect both to the excellence of its agricultural resources and their utilization, and to the variety of its manufactures.
Lakes Superior and Huron are enormously rich in gold, iron, silver, copper, nickel, and other minerals. In Eastern Ontario there have been found con- siderable deposits of gold, galena and mica. In the southern district near
The new pulp mill of Mr. ]. R. Booth, at Ottawa, has commenced operations.
Tin- Oshawa business of the Krost and Wood Company will be brought to Smith's Kails.
The Malloch mill near Arnprior, recently purchased by the Ontario Lumber Company of Ottawa is now in full operation.
An important pulp concession has been granted by the Ontario Government to the Dryden Company, Ltd., of which Mr. T. A. Gordon, of Alveston, is president. The company are to invest $100,000 in the erection and equipment of a plant at Dryden, and work is to be commenced within six months.
The Imperial Steel & Wire Co. is erecting a new wire plant at Collingwood. It is to have a capacity of 100 tons daily, and is to be readv for operation this summer.
The Standard Paint and Varnish Co. are arranging to build and equip a new factory at Windsor to cost $40,000.
There is great activity in the mining districts of New Ontario. A rich deposit of gold is said to have been clicovered in the Sultana Mine, near Rat Portage.
Work on the double-tracking of the Grand Trunk Railway, from Copetown to Hamilton, Out., is nearly completed.
The Sarnia Gas and Electric Light Company have awarded the contract for the duplicating of their present plant. The new plant will consist of engines, boilers, pumps, heathers, condensers, smoke con- nections, etc., in fact an exact duplicate of the com- pany's present plant. The new equipment will cost in the neighborhood of $20,000.
A sample of iron ore has been submitted to the Bureau of Mines, which the director, T. W. Gibson, declares looks like good hematite. It comes from sixty miles north of North Bay near the railway on the Tamagani reserve.
A grain elevator will be erected at Collingwood with a capacity of 1,000,000 bushels. The structure will be of steel and concrete.
Reports from Fort William state that the three- quarters of a million bushel elevator now being erected for the Ogilvie Flour Mills Company, Ltd., is making good progress and will be completed in
time lor the new crop. This will be the loftiest storing house on Thunder Bay. Above the concrete basement the steel bins will rise to a height of ninety feet, while the top of the cupola will look down on the waters of the Kamistiquia, a distance of 185 feel.
When the Lake Superior Consolidated Company suspended operations last autumn the company was obliged to abandon a contract which had been agreed upon with the Temiskaming Railwav Com- mission to supplv steel rails tor the Ontario Govern- ment railway. Xow that the works have been re- organized, it is expected that a contract can be made for steel rails for 100 miles of this road now under construction on terms that will be quite satis- factory to the Government and to the railway com" mission. In view of the early construction of the national transcontinental railwav, the Grand Trunk Pacific, which will require some 600,000 tons of 8o-lb. rails, the rail plant at the Soo likely will start up with large orders for steel rails. The Grand Trunk Pa- cific order itself would amount to over $15,000,000, and no doubt other orders will be received in add- ition to that just mentioned.
The Grand Trunk Railway Company has asked the city of Toronto to transfer to it without cost the land owned by the city along the Esplanade from the York street bridge to Yonge street and northerly to a point 150 feet south of Front street. It proposes in return to tear down the old freight sheds and roundhouse west of the present depot and use the space on both sides for passenger traffic. It will also improve the present Union station and make it equal to almost any similar structure on the conti- nent. Station street will be extended easterly to Yonge street, striking the Esplanade south of the examining warehouse, and will form the northern boundary of the railway yards. The property sought to be expropriated is now returning to the city an annual rental of about $7,000. This is based on the valuation placed on it twenty-one years ago, and in the estimation of -experts it would now be worth double that sum. The majority of the leases expire within a few years.
The new Canadian Northern elevators at Port Arthur are now completed and ready for the hand- ling of grain. The machinery was turned over for the first time on June ist. Everything worked satis- factorily. The first pile for the foundation of the structure was driven in August of last year. The two new buildings give the C. N. R. a storage of
seven million bushels and the two working houses, will be capable of handling two million bushels of grain daily. The Canadian Northern has now the most modern elevator plant in the world. The two storage houses are built of tile and steel and are entirely fireproof.
Huntington County is noted for having two of the largest orchards in the province, if not in the Dom- inion. The Fulton orchard in the Township of Franklin contains sixty acres, set out in apples, plum and cherry trees in full bearing, and the orchard owned by the Sun Life Assurance Company at Athelstan has manv thousand fruit trees of various kinds, besides small fruit, and, most unusual of all several acres of black walnuts, now about five years old.
The mineral discoveries in the belt along the new Temiskaming Railway, which have led the Govern- ment to remove the land from sale or lease, are nickeliferous. Some of the ores are unlike any that have hitherto been found in quantity in this Province. For instance, the mineral niccolite, otherwise known as kupfer-nickel, which contains about 44 per cent, of nickel, and which up to the present has furnished cabinet specimens only, has been discovered in what, judging from surface indications, seems to be com- mercial quantities. A cobalt-nickel arenide has also been found resembling smaltite and carrying, accord- ing to one assay 6 per cent, of nickel and 18 per cent, of cobalt. Both the niccolite and smaltite are rich in arsenic, the former carrying 56 per cent., and the latter up to 72 per cent.
In addition to these, native silver occurs, some exceedingly handsome specimens of which have been found.
The value of these discoveries, if they turn out to be extensive, can be realized by a comparison with the famous Sudbury deposits. In Sudbury 3 per cent, of nickel in the ore is the average, and 5 per cent. is exceedingly rich. In the new discoveries the ore carries 44 per cent, of nickel. A much smaller body of nickel, therefore, in Temiskaming will constitute a mine than in the nickeliferous pyrrhotite region of Sudbury.
The city of Toronto and other points are awaken- ing to the value of the Trent Valley Canal and the "Queen City" is at present especially active in striving to have its outlet at Port Hope rather than at Trenton.
TIMBER
Bawwood Poplar Maple Pine
Ash Spruce
Birch
Manitoba
MINERALS
Iron Limestone
Gypsum Brick Clays Dolomite
Area— 73,738 square miles
Map showing size of Manitoba (black part of Map) compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
Manitoba comprises within its limits the famed grain-growing- valleys of the Assiniboia and Red Rivers. Although called the Prairie Province of Canada, Manitoba has large areas of forests, numerous rivers, and vast water ex- panses. Conservative estimate now places the population at 280,000. The greater proportion of these are engaged in agricultural pursuits. The majority of the settlers are from Great Britain and Eastern Canada. Of the remainder there are, besides many from the United States, large colonies of Mennonites, Icelanders, Scandinavians, Germans and other nationalities, many of whom had
but small means on arrival. Now they have comfortable homes, and are amongst the most prosperous settlers in Manitoba,
The soil is a rich, deep, argillaceous mould, or loam, resting on a deep and very tenacious clay sub-soil. It is specially adapted to wheat growing, giving a bountiful yield of the finest quality, known the world over as Manitoba No. i hard wheat. During the past ten years the growth of wheat and othei grains has steadily increased, and so far but a small proportion of the arable lands is under cultivation, fully 20,000,000 acres being still available.
A $10,000 gas plant will be placed in Souris by a St. Catherine firm.
The demand that has grown up for Manitoba potatoes is likely to increase and is causing farmers to give more attention to this excellent and profitable crop. There is every prospect that potatoes will soon rank as one of Manitoba's profitable products.
The prospect of farms producing a heavv vield of grain this season is good. The weather is moist and the soil in excellent condition. There has been no drifting on the fields this spring as is the case many seasons. Wheat plants are well rooted and have a good start.
The wheat seeding in the West is completed. Reports arriving from the Interior, from various sources indicated that the present crop was further advanced than on the istofjune last year. There has been a most substantial increase in the acreage, notwithstanding that the spring work was verv much delayed owing to the lateness of the season. The larger acreage was made possible by the extra amount of fall ploughing, the increased number of farmers, and the excellent condition of the soil. There has not been a season for years when the condition of the soil was so favorable for growth. The increased acreage in wheat over last year estimates is about half a million acres.
So far this year 776 building permits for structures valued at $2,318,300 have been issued in Winnipeg. The most satisfactory feature of the situation is that it is not a boom but a growth necessitated by actual requirements.
The sum of $50,000 has been voted by the Domi- nion Government toward a Dominion Exhibition at Winnipeg, the Western City' has held successful exhibitions for some years and this year an effort was being made to put the show on a Dominion status.
The Exhibition authorities at Winnipeg were mak- ing a special effort to secure a good showing of the manufactured products of the East. It was desired that for the benefit of both the East and West Cana- dian Manufacturers should make as large and as fine a display as possible. It was anticipated that the Exhibition would serve a useful purpose in aiding immigration. The efforts of the Immigration Depart- ment had attracted large number of settlers from the Western States, the American railways and land
companies have made efforts to discredit the opport- unities of Canada. It was believed in Winnipeg that if a number of influential men could be attracted, the Exhibition would give an occular demonstration ol Canada's western resources, and the result would be beneficial.
Mr. Kirkland, proprietor of (he Ilartney brick- yard, has just completed the burning of a kiln ol 150,000 brick, which arc judged by experts to be equal or superior to the Winnipeg brick. '1 hese are certainly the best brick ever manufactured in the district. They are exceedingly hard, uniform in color and smooth and beautiful in appearance. The yard machinery is now being operated by a large staft of men.
The Kamsack district on the main line of the Canadian Northern Railway, west of Grand View is at the present time the Mecca for a large number of the incoming settlers from the United States.
The country is well settled, although heretofore the farms were far from a railway and the farmers are to-day wealthy. The land is very fruitful and in every way adapted to mixed farming. Some of it is covered with light brush, but when cleared it will make land that for agricultural purposes will be unequalled in the West.
The movement along the proposed line, where preparation is being made for immediate resumption of the work of grading and laying the steel, has already started and parties of land seekers are daily going out from Kamsack into the Nut Mountain and White Sand River district. Everything points to a large settlement this summer. The country is high and the land is now quite dry, so that prospectors have no difficulty in getting over the land.
At Dauphin a farmer who has kept bees in this country for eleven years brought forty hives safely through last winter. Bee-keeping and fruit-raising will flourish in Manitoba with the next generation.
The C.P.R. has procured a large steam plough to be used for making fire-guards along their track in the Territories. The plough will turn eight furrows and will proceed thirty miles a day. In some places the furrows will be a hundred miles long without a break.
Neepawa is to have two new hotels, one costing 825,000 and one $30,000, both to be built this year.
The Public Works Department has prepared the plans for tin- new immigration buildings at Win- nipeg. It is to be one of the finest buildings for tin- purpose on this continent, and will cost from $150,- ooo to $200,000. It will house 1,500 people. The building will be 200 feet bv 60. Mr. Kwart, chief architect of the Public Works Department, had the plans prepared under his own special direction.
A mess hall accommodating about 1,000 men has been decided on by the C. P. R. as a supplement to the group of new shop buildings now in course of erection west of the city of Winnipeg. The decision of the company will no doubt be highly appreciated by all the mechanics of the new shops as a boon. The new building will be located in the vicinity of the cluster of the shops now being erected, but de- finite details on the site and dimensions of the structure will be announced later. The company has changed the plans of the locomotive shops, enlarging them 102 feet in length, which will then make them the second largest on the continent, only the C. P. R. shops at Montreal outrivalling them. Machinery for the new shops has begun to arrive, among which are two steam hammers and several boring machines. Within a day or two the laying and connecting of the steel on the locomotive shops will be begun.
A large suburban park has been purchased by the city of Winnipeg. It is situated to the West of the city and has a river frontage on the Assiniboine of one mile. The area of the park is about 300 acres. It is beautiful by nature and is well wooded with oak and elm, the hardiest varieties of tree in Manitoba. The river banks are overgrown with shrubs and these droop in profusion to the waters edge. At pre- sent they are laden with a mass of white bloom and the green foliage is dense as a result of the refresh- ing, intermittent rains of the latter part of May.
A name for this park has not yet been selected. The Historical Society, however, have ventured the recommendation that it be called " Strathcona Park ". Many people think that the city owes a great deal to Lord Strathcona and favor this way of recognizing their obligation to him. Already there is a Strath- cona School, a name given by the Winnipeg School Board to the latest addition to their magnificent school buildings.
Saskatcheuian Alberta
Area— 107,618 square miles Population— 25,679
Area— 101,883 square miles Population— 6s, 876
ssiniDoia
Area — 88,879 square miles Population — 67,385
TIMBER
Douglas Fir Poplar
Tamarac Spruce
Birch
MINERALS
Coal Brick Clay
Pottery Clay
Map showing size of Saskatchewan, Alberta and Assiniboia (black part of Map) compared with all British North America and also the British Islei
Saskatchewan' S general superficial features may be described as a mixed prairie and wooded region, abounding in water and natural hay, and well suited by climate and soil for the raising of wheat, horned cattle and sheep. The country is peopled with Canadians, Americans, Germans, Scots, English, Russians and European French. During the past year there was a large influx of settlers. In great measure that which may be said of one district applies equally to the others. The country is well supplied with good roads, and they are kept open winter and summer. Wild fruits of nearly every variety — straw- berry, raspberry, gooseberry, blueberry, high bush cranberry, black currants, etc., — grow in profusion, and small game is plentiful.
This country is remarkably well adapted, by reason of its large tracts of hay lands, for stock raising, ranching, etc., and large shipments are made annually.
Any portion of Saskatchewan will answer all the requirements of dairy farming. There are creameries at Prince Albert and Saskatoon. The home demand has always been large, so dairy products command good prices.
The spruce forests of Saskatchewan are an exceedingly valuable asset.
although the industry is yet in its infancy, great strides have been made in the: direction of success. There are eight government creameries in operation besides numerous private creameries. Good prices are obtained for the output of butter. A regular weekly refrigerator service is furnished by the Canadian Pacific Railway, which renders it practicable to ship perishable foods to British Columbia markets.
Alberta is the nearest agricultural country to the rich mining regions of both Northern and Southern British Columbia, and a trade has been established which is increasing yearly since the completion of the Crow's Nest Pass Rail- way. The establishment of flour atid oatmeal mills, creameries, beet root factories, etc., ensures an excellent market for the products of the farm.
Southern Alberta forms the extreme southwest corner of the prairie region of Western Canada, and stands unrivalled among the stock countries of the world. Now that it has direct railway communication with the markets of Eastern Canada and British Columbia it is the most desirable one for stockmen.
. is the most westerly of the several divisions of Western Canada, having an area of 101,883 square miles. It extends from the western limits of Assiniboia to the eastern limits of British Columbia, within the range of the Rocky Mountains, and is divided into Northern Alberta and Southern Alberta. The Calgary and Edmonton Railway passes through the two divisions from McLeod in the south, where it connects with the Crow's Nest Pass Railroad, running into the Kootenay gold mining country, to Edmonton in the north, affording markets and shipping facilities at a number of convenient places along the whole distance.
Within the borders of Northern Alberta is a practically illimitable area of the most fertile land, well timbered and well watered. The surface of the country is gently undulating. In some parts there are large tracts of plains free from timber, and in others great areas of wood composed of large trees. The soil bears a luxuriance of vegetation shown in no other part of the West, and indeed seldom seen anywhere outside of the tropics. During the past ten years fall wheat has been grown with uniformly good results. Live stock of all kinds, including horses of all grades, as also sheep, hogs and poultry, are raised in abundance. The conditions for carrying on dairying are most favorable, and
is divided into two great areas — Eastern and Western Assiniboia — each of which has its own peculiar characteristics, the former being essentially a wheat growing and mixed farming country, and the western part being especially adapted for ranching.
Eastern Assiniboia very much resembles the province of Manitoba. The verdure is most luxuriant, and the ground is exceptionally well adapted for grain growing. Thousands of homesteads and immense tracts of railway lands have been taken up in this part during the past season. Good free grant lands are still to be had. This district is gradually becoming one of the greatest wheat producing countries in America.
Western Assiniboia is similar in its eastern part to Eastern Assiniboia, and is favorable for mixed farming. The supply of timber on the hills is con- siderable. There is also an abundance of fuel of a different kind in the coal seams that are exposed in many of the valleys. About Maple Creek irrigation works are being prosecuted with the most beneficial results. The hills to the south of the C. P. Railway are especially adapted for stock raising, and as general farming is not extensively followed the grass lands will not likely be disturbed by the plough. The climate is tempered by the Chinook winds and water and shelter are everywhere abundant. Western Assiniboia is the great sheep raising district of Western Canada. Great herds of cattle roam at will over all these boundless pastures.
Along a good part of the Edmonton line the prairie stretches away level in most directions, but usually a rolling hill is somewhere in sight. You never on this railway get out of sight of the settlers, comfort- able and, often, commodious log house. The build- ings around it can seldom however hold all the cat- tle. The milking cows must be housed, but usually the rest never know shelter.
The towns along have a very new appearance. One or two that are now incorporated as village or town, three or four years ago consisted of station and a single store and dwelling house.
A very large number of the homesteads have been taken in the last five years. The settlers on the northern part of the line are a very fine class of people, mostly Americans and Scandinavians, the majority of the latter having been Americain citizens.
The names given to places often indicate the old home of the settlers. Thus we find a Nebraska and a Dakota Settlement. The good report of one or two families has usually had the result of quickly forming a settlement consisting largely of old neighbors. There are a number of Swedish, Norwegian and Hungarian settlements. This makes the social life very free and natural. Often the customs of the old land are found and the old village life reproduced as much as prairie proportions will admit.
The feeling of Americans towards the land of their adoption is expressed in such names as Eureka and Climax.
The winter climate certainly gives very general satisfaction.
The Chinook — the warm west wind — rarely al- lows the snow to stay more than two or three weeks at a time — some winters there is almost no sledding. And when the thermometer does drop to thirty or forty below, which is seldom, the dry, still air does not at all suggest that degree of cold to one from the east. The coldest day last winter did not cause discomfort to those working out of doors.
This year local improvement districts are being re-organized with larger powers than formerly. Under the old law each quarter section paid a road tax, which could be worked out on the road, of $2.50, districts having privilege of voting to pay double tax any year. Now all taxes are to be paid in money and the work is to be done by contract.
The irrigation project which the Canadian Pacific railway now have in hand in Alberta is one of the large undertakings among the many large schemes for developing the West that is read of almost daily, and ranks with the largest undertakings of this kind on this continent.
The scheme embraces an area of about three million acres lying east of Calgary, being bounded on the south by the Bow river, and on the north by the Red Deer river. This large tract is intersected by the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway, but at present is practically unoccupied except by a few scattered ranches. The soil throughout the area is good, and it comprises one of the best areas for ranching in southern Alberta. Agriculture, how- ever, has not proved a success, because during the dry years to which that portion of the Territories is subject there is not sufficient moisture to mature the crops, and during the dry years there is also a scarcity of surface water for stock.
It is apparent that hereafter American immigra- tion into Western Canada is to be got only by going after it. It is a mistaken impression that there are no more cheap lands or attractive opportunities in the United States for the moving thousands of the Republic that are constantly seeking new locations. Never before has the intending settler been pulled so many ways as at present. Almost every Southern state is conducting an active publicity or immigration bureau in some form or other, and the Southern and Southwestern railways are exerting themselves to attract population to their regions as never before.
Western Canada
Edmonton is the centre of one of the most pros- perous districts in the North West. No town west of Winnipeg has had a more rapid or more success- ful growth.
Ever}' visitor marvels to find such a town so far away from the present beaten track of civilization.
Ralph. D. Mershon, engineer in charge of the Edmonton Street Railway, for which a charter has been granted, is only one of many who have lately expressed their astonishment at the rapidity and stability of its growth.
He says that Edmonton has come to be recognized as being the commercial portal of the North West. Crowds of immigrants are flocking almost daily to the fertile country, while the town is rapidly growing beyond recognition. The granting of the Street Railway franchise to the town is not the least of the many proofs of development. The construction of the line begins early next month, and it is expected to be in operation in September.
The question of inadequate transportation facilities need never trouble Edmonton. It is skirted on the south by the Saskatchewan, which flows in a valley about two hundred feet below the level of the town. The Grand Trunk Pacific will pass through the town when completed, and Edmonton is even now divi- sional headquarters for the company, which has but recently opened up oflices there. The Canadian Northern is approaching rapidly with its line, and expects to have it completed to Edmonton by next winter. Besides being on the Calgary branch of the C. P. R., the Electric Railway Company also con- template building a line to the town of St. Albert, situated about nine miles north of Edmonton, with a farming population of over live hundred, and a great grain centre.
Mr. Mershon said that it was a source of national pride that many such towns as Edmonton are now in existence in the West. They were the surest signs of progress, and pointed to the unbounded faith Canadians have in the future ot their great country.
It is thought that the immigration of Icelanders this season will be beyond the average. The great- est difficulty the intending emigrants have to en- counter is the paucity of funds. These Icelanders possess farm and household stock, but are unable to find purchasers. Icelanders settled in Canada send money to their relatives to aid them to emigrate.
Thousands of dolhirs annually leave Winnipeg for this very purpose ; but there is no organized society among the local Icelanders to help on the work.
A great change in the form of government in Ice- land has recently occurred. Until Feb. I, 1904, the minister who practically governed Iceland was a Dane, and passed most of his time in Denmark. On the date named the old order of things was com- pletely altered ; now the governing minister is an Icelander, and resides at Reykjavik, the capital of the island. The minister is in direct communication with the King of Denmark, but is responsible to the people for his acts. The present government is a kind of modified home rule ; and the people now have attained what they have for many years been striving to effect.
This new regime may slightly check emigration for a while ; hut whether permanently or not will depend a good deal upon the acts of the government.
The Southern Alberta Oil Fields are being worked by The Western Oil and Coal company, who now own all the machinery, lands and rights which are now held or are being nominally held by the Van- couver Petroleum syndicate, the Canadian Oil anil Mines, The \orth American Mining company and ten private individuals . This comprises an area ot oil and coal lands of approximately 10,000 acres, most of which is well known oil land. Since the first of January, the Western Oil and Coal company have been prosecuting the work of drilling for oil in two camps, known respectively as Camp 2 ) and Camp _",. On Camp 29 there is about 2,oco feel of work done. One well was put down 1.49(1^2 feel, which is now capped down, ami a second well is being hut down at the rate of about 15 feet per day. This camp, No. 29, is remarkable for the extraordinary slippages of oil to be found on the ground.
In iKqi), one William Aldrieh, a Mormon settler from Cardston, was informed by a hunter of the ex- istence of oil in the Passat the headwaters of Coal Oil Creek. Aldrieh investigated the ground for himself and pushed his way up to the foot hills, and located on Section 29. Here for three years he made a living for himself and family out of surface petro- leum obtained by crude methods.
Aldrieh sold out to the Vancouver Petroleum Syn- dicate, who in turn have sold their interest as well as their machinery to the Western Oil and Coal company.
The Camp 23 is beautifully situated near Cameron Falls near the confluence of Coal Oil Creek with Wate- stone lakes. The two camps are about three miles apart. The No. 2, well situated on this section, is being put down at the rate of about 12 feet per day. The whole ot this district in Southwestern Alberta has been long regarded by geologists and oil experts as a promising oil country. The late Dr. Dawson, who was for many years director general of the Geo- logical Survey of Canada, refers to it in his reports of 1885 and 1898 ; and Dr. Selwyn, who also was for many years connected with the Canadian geolo- gical department, refers to it in one of his reports of 1891. The following is an extract from that report :
" Cameron Falls Brook' is a rapid mountain stream, eight or ten yards wide. After following it up about ;i mile and a half on the left bank, Mr. Ferine, my guide, remarked that we must be close to where the oil had been found. He had scarcely spoken, when, while still in the saddle and on the trail eight or nine feet above the brook, I noticed a powerful odor of petroleum. Descending to the edge of the water, and stirring the stones and gravel in the bed of the stream, considerable quantities of oil at once rose to the surface and Boated away. Cross- ing to (he right bank il was again seen coming out of the hank some inches above tin1 then level ol the stream. Here skimming it off the surface of a shal- low pool, a wine-bottleful was soon collected. This can now be seen in the Geological Survey Museum. Sixty or seventy yards below where the oil was seen, a rocky reef or grey silicious dolomite crosses the creek and rises into a sleep bluff on the lefl bank ; on the right bank, seven or eight feel above the creek, a broad, thickly-timbered flat extends for i 50 years to the base of the bordering mountains which culminate six miles to the southwest at the boundary monument, 6,000 feet above sea level.
Work has developed beyond a question the exis- tence of oil in this district. The oil obtained in this par! of Alberta is the highest grade of crude petroleum that has ever been found in Canada. It runs nearly one-third lubricating oil and 45 percent. illuminating oil, with a pa ratline base. Canada does not produce to-day one-third of the petroleum which is consumed within her borders, and there is a pro- tection of $1.75 per barrel on importations. The great West must use coal oil as an illuminant for many years to come.
Booming T ETHBRIDGE is prospering. A paper-roll
I tKK 'A from the mines alone of $40,000 monthly
gives stability to the town. The grain acreage on the irrigated lands is doubling year by year. The Enderby Milling Company have secured exemption from taxation for fifteen years, and will put up a large elevator. A mill will follow in the course of a year. A new ten-roomed school has been completed, and business blocks and residences are going up fast. A three hundred thousand dollar waterworks and sewerage system is being put in.
Pianos " made in Edmonton "
IT is proposed to establish a flax and linen mill at Edmonton, which is also to have a piano factory. These are two remarkable industries to be established so early in the Farthest West.
When Canada THE c R R" repor.^ fi*urf ^VT 4>;
J. 300,000 acres will be sowed to wheat west
feeds the
of the Red River. Of this i ,900,000 acres will
Old Country be in the Territories. Last year's wheat crop was from 3,200,000 acres in the whole West. Given the same yield per acre, the product will be 18,000,000 bushels more than last year, 68,000,000 bushels altogether. If the crop should be as large as the year before last the land in wheat would produce 100,000,- ooo bushels. But the West will not complain if there is some 60,000,000 bushels of good wheat shipped from that region, it will not require that so much as i ,000,000 acres a year should be added to the wheat area of the Canadian West, in order that Canada shall be able to feed the people of the British Isles in 1904. As there are more than one hundred million acres of land in the Tar West suitable for wheat growing it will be seen that men alone are wanted to add to the present Canadian wheat crop far more than is necessary to feed the whole Empire.
British Columbia
Map showing size of British Columbia (black i art uf Map) compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
This is the most westerly province of the Dominion of Canada, lyir.fj immediately to the north of the American States of Washington, Idaho and Montana. It is one of the richest and most resourceful provinces of the Dominion, and is Canada's only outlet to the Orient and to the whole of the North Pacific Coast. Few countries have shown as great progress during recent years as British Columbia, and it is now offering unsurpassed inducements to the settler in search of a farm, the stockman seeking a ranch, the miner, the lumberman, the fisherman, the business man, the capitalist, whether large or small, who seeks investment for his money. It is a magnificent country, teem- ing with great possibilities to the persevering1 and industrious, and offering countless opportunities to all.
The wealth of the forests, waters, mines and soil of British Columbia is practically illimitable, each succeeding; year demonstrating the remarkable r'u-h- ness of its varied resources. The wealth of fish in the waters of the British Columbia coast is an important factor in the trade of the Province. Of these
the most valuable fishery is the salmon. There are over eighty canneries in the province, employing a large number of men during the season. Of these 48 are on the Kraser, and 28 on the rivers and streams north of that great waterway. The halibut fisheries are being developed, and there is apparently no limit to the quantity that could be taken. Sturgeon are numerous in the Fraser and other large rivers. Trout abound in the lakes, rivers and streams of the whole province.
The wooded area ol British Columbia covers thousands of square miles, and includes forty kinds of timber. The finest growth is on the coast and on Vancou- ver Island, and in the Gold and the Selkirk ranges. The approximate number of lumber and shingle mills in the Province last year was over 120, whose aggre- gate output was about 240,000,000 feet of lumber and over 200,000,000 shingles An acre of British Columbia forest sometimes yields 500,000 feet of lumber, rendering the deforestation slow. The waterpowers and streams suitable for mill sites are numberless.
The Kamloops Lumber Company, Limited, B. C., with a capital of $500,000 has been incorporated with headquarters at Toronto.
Armstrong & Morrison will build (lie new C. 1'. R. wharves at James Bay, Victoria. The work will cost approximately $20,000.
E. F. Adams and J. M. Morgan, of Indianapolis, two mining men, have returned to N'anaimo from a month's prospecting trip of the coast. They were seeking not gold, silver or copper, but precious stones — garnets in particular. As a result of their trip they have located what they believe is a rich garnet-bearing ledge. Mr. Morgan exhibited some garnets as large as a medium sized plum, while others were about the size of a marble. A portion of the schist in which they were embedded was also brought down.
Messrs. Coward and Son, lumber firm of Fernie have purchased one of the largest stocks of season- ed lumber in the Kootenays, from what is known as the Cedar Valley Co., Ltd., which operated near Fernie a year ago. This will no doubt help out the seasoned lumber depression now on in that town, caused through the big fire of recent date. It is understood that the firm will at once take steps to place part of it on the Fernie market.
At the Institute of Mining Engineers of London, G. F. Moncton, who read a paper entitled Cinnabar Bearing Rocks in British Columbia, said that the British Columbia mining laws enabling parties to hold large areas without working them, militated against the development of quicksilver mining. There was plenty of room in the district for prospectors. The areas of dolomites alone, which had been scar- cely tested, were to square miles.
The Western Pulp Company is endeavoring to close a deal whereby they may acquire timber near Kamloops for pulp and lumber purposes. In Janu- ary, Messrs. R. Case and E. F. Ferris, of Traverse City, were in Vancouver, they having been largely
interested in (he Western Pulp Company, and also visited Kamloops in connection with the matter they had in hand.
E. L. Kinman, who has been on a visile to the world's fair, recently returned to Trout Lake. In speaking of his contract with the Canadian Timber and Sawmills, Ltd., he said that it called for the delivery of 100,000,000 feet of logs inside of eight years. It is anticipated that the mill will consume from 12,000,000 to 15,000,000 feet per year. Already Mr. Kinman says he has about 2,000,000 feet of logs in Trout Lake ready for the sawmill when it starts in operation.
William Price, of Port Townsend, who has had wide experience in the iron and steel business, be- lieves the time is ripe for the establishment of an iron smelter on Vancouver island. He has visited, personally, the various deposits of iron found on the coast. Vancouver island, he believes, is rich in ores, and there is sufficient to meet the supply for smelters for a hundred years. He says nearly every inlet on the west coast of the island has iron de- posits, and again along the east side, including Texada island, this is continued. He advocates put- ting up a smelter of about 150 tons capacity a day if coke is used, or if charcoal is to be utilized the capacity might be a little less. This would cost about $350,000. The by-products of the smelter which, with the ores and fluxes used, includes a very fine quality of cement, would readily pay the costs of smelting. Such a smelter would produce about 75 tons of cement a day, which, according to the current rates on the coast, would give a very large revenue.
The Slocan Star has started its concentrator and it is in full operation with the best results. The sum of $15,000 has been spent in remodelling the plant. The mill is now provided with four free vanners and four Wilfey tables. Four compartment jigs have also been provided to separate the zinc from the lead. The mine has large zinc reserves and considerable future profit is anticipated from this asset. Besides the ore in the mine there are 6,000 tons of zinc ore on the
dumps. This will be run through the mill and the zinc separated from the lead and marketed separ- ately. There is a great deal of silver-lead ore too. The force at the mine has been increased from 40 to So men and from now on the Slocan Star should have a largely increased prosperity.
A number of Ontario financiers having secured a contract for supplying millions of ties to be used in connection with the Panama Canal are making arrangements to erect the largest lumber mill on the Pacific Coast in Vancouver. The cost, when com- pleted, will be over a million dollars. Neither Can- adian nor local trade will be touched, the whole out- put being devoted to supplying demands of the for- eign market. It is expected the immense order for timber given for the Panama Canal will place the firm solidly on their feet, so that they will soon be- come one of the largest concerns in the lumber world. The promoters have been working quietly and have already secured hundreds of thousands of acres of timber limits.
Vancouver is to have a big loading dock to cost well over a million dollars. Mr. Nicol Thompson cables from London that the construction of the steel frame work has commenced. Arrangements for financing the scheme are progressing favorably. E. E. Ling, consulting engineer, representing New York capitalists, is in the city preparing a report. He says he is impressed favorably with the bright future before the city as a shipping centre, and will recommend heavy investments. One million dollars is ready to be devoted to construction purposes as soon as the report is received. This, with the govern- ment bonus, insures the early completion of the mag- nificent structure, which will make Vancouver rival San Francisco.
It is reported that Barclay Ranch, B.C., which was purchased a couple of years ago by eastern Canadian capitalists, is rapidly being settled now by people from prairie lands. The lands, on the whole, are quite suitable for agricultural purposes, and farmers from the more thickly settled portions of the prairie are taking them up with considerable enterprise.
TIMBER Small Growth
Yu k o n
Are«— 196,976
Population — 27,219
Map showing elze of Yukon country (black part of Map), compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
Wilson Foster, the Quart/. King of the Klondike, is now en route to the St. Louis exposition with his big collection of 20,000 specimens of minerals and gems from the Yukon district and Alaska. The Tourist Association of Vancouver has rendered him the privilege of their rooms. Krom there Mr. Foster goes to Winnipeg, and thence to Ottawa, before proceeding to St. Louis, as he hopes to interest the Canadian public in the wonderful mineral wealth of the Yukon, which he claims is fully the equal of the great placer results of the Klondike. It has, too, he asserts, the clement of assured permanency as a mining field and thai is more than can be claimed for the placers. Mr. Foster is accredited with verv flattering letters Ironi Gov. Congdon, Judge Craig, Police Commissioner
Major Woods, and other important public men of Dawson.
From Dawson the word conies that the big hv- draulic plant put in at enormous cost some\vars ago by Cecil Cole on Last Chance, to elevate water to Treasure Hill, will once more be started up. After remaining idle for two years, the ground has been taken up In Albert Trabold on a lay which also includes the use of the pumping plant. It is known that some of the richest ground in all the Klondike is found on Treasure Hill, which is now the properly of the Treasure Hill Mining Com- pany.
Mr. James \. Polk, of Kingston, Out., arrived in Winnipeg a few days ago from the Yukon, on his
way home. He has been in the. tar north for about four years, and during that time has travelled over a considerable portion of the country looking for mineral deposits other than gold, a collection of which he has prepared.
He savs that at the present time there are several parties at work in various districts looking for coal, and that their efforts have been crowned with con- siderable success. Rich deposits have been located, though manv of them are in sections where they can- not be worked to good commercial advantage at the present time. In one or two instances, splendid indications of petroleum have been found, and tests have been made which show that the quality is equal to the best brands of Pennsylvania, Ohio and California crude oils.
British Columbia
Mr. H. J. Cambie, consulting engineer of the Pacific division of the C. I'. R., on his return to Van- couver from a visit to Summerland, in the Okanagan district, expressed himself as agreeably surprised at the progress that has been made in this section of British Columbia.
Summerland is situated on the west side of Okan- agan Lake, about 50 miles south of'Vernon, and the district was exploited by a syndicate of Kastern capitalists, who were convinced of its capabilities as a fruit growing section, provided irrigation was furnished. About two years ago, the syndicate purchased some 3,000 acres of land, which has been divided up into small fruit farms of from 5 to 15 acres each, water being brought to the land for irrigation purposes. The land faces the southeast and for some unexplained reason the climate is not nearly so cold in winter as Vernon.
A portion of this property which had been laid out in small holdings, with roads to make them acces- sible, was offered for sale last year, and was at once taken up by people from Manitoba, most of whom, having made a little money in farming, desired to live in a warmer climate.
Not having gone over the ground for two years, this trip was quite a revelation to Mr. Cambie. The settlers have built neat and handsome villa residences, such as are seen in the suburbs of large cities. They have planted a large number of fruit trees, and all are enthusiastic about the place and the climate. There are at the present time a large number of applications for lots which, however, cannot be granted till more of the property is subdivided and water brought in.
The success of the enterprise has caused manv other owners of property in the Okanagan Vallev, who ridiculed the scheme at its inception, to arrange to subdivide their property on the same lines, and no doubt this will be done to some extent, and a largely increased area placed under fruit cultivation. Land, which has hitherto been considered as valu- able only for grazing cattle, will thus be made high- ly productive and support a large population.
The demand for fruit in the Canadian Northwest is practically unlimited, and the Okanagan Valley is the nearest place to that market where fruit could be raised with success.
A syndicate composed of Traverse City people are interested in the Western I'ulp Company, which may before long begin extensive operations near Kam- loops. A re-organization has taken place since the company was first promoted, and if present inten- tions materialise, both pulp and lumber mills will be erected near Kamloops, as soon as arrangements can be made.
The Crow's Nest Collieries, during the year 1903, mined 589,888 tons of coal, of which 340,337 tons were sold as such, and 249,511 tons were converted into coke, producing 149,764 tons of thai commodity. This gross output of coal is 195,927 tons in excess of the production of the previous year and represents an increase of nearly 50%. This increase was made despite the fact that the Coal Creek mines had not recovered from the explosion of 1902 and that the equipments at the other collieries are as yet incom- plete or temporary, it is safe to predict, therefore, that next year the output will show a like increase. The market for this coal, which is entirely in the
interior, both in Canada anil tin1 United States, seems to be unlimited, as in quality the coal is the best to be had in this section of the continent. The production of coke at the Crow's Nest Collieries is 41,927 tons in excess of last vear's product, a 38.8% increase. The exports have been practically the same as last year, but the consumption in British Columbia has been increased by 411,933 tons, or is 5° % greater than last year. Inasmuch as the con- sumption of coke is approximately a measure of the tonnage of ore smelted, this increase in the home consumption of coke is an index of the increased amount of ore so treated in the interior of the Pro- vince. That the coke exports have not increased is due wholly to the fact that there was no further surplus to ship, the oven capacity being taxed to the uttermost. Additional ovens have been constructed this past summer, which should increase the capacity about 25 %.
The following table indicates the markets in which the coal and coke output of the Province was sold in 1903 : —
COAL. Coast. Crow's Nest Total.
Sold for consumption
Pass.
in Canada 353.'66 173.949 5*7' "4
Sold for export to
United States 400,713 146,010 546,723
Sold .for export to
other countries. . . . 2.725 2<T25
CilKK.
Sold for consumption
in Canada I9.498 122,006 141,504
Sold for export to
United States 27,75s 27.75s
Sold for export to
other countries
franklin -Keewatin -Mackenzie -Ungava • Athabaska
•*»«.. j*-.~ ...... _ ... Cf _ _-*
5OO.OOOS9.fftX
TIMBER
Spruce
Black and White
MINERALS Copper Gold
I<ead Etc.
Map showing size of Franklin, Keewatin, Mackenzie, Ungava, Athabasca (black part of Map) compared with all British North America and also the British Isles
Population— 25,490
The black portion of map shows a territory of 2,139,524 square miles, practically unadministered, and inhabited by a very sparse Indian popu- lation and a few whites who are attached to the widely separated trading posts.
The copper and lead ores of the vicinity of Great Slave Lake, the native copper deposits of the Copper Mine River, and the copper ores of the north-
west shores of Hudson Bay will some day be utilized ; but no rapid develop- ment of mineral resources in these regions need be looked for, except in the possible event of the discovery of gold placers like those of the Yukon, which might result in the forced establishment of means of communication with the outer world.
Several samples ot grain raised in the Peace River district have just been received by the immigration department. These came from the Roman Catholic mission at Smoky River, 200 miles northwest trom Edmonton and compare most favorably with the best samples raised in Manitoba or the most favor- able localities in the territories. The samples of White Russian and Red Fife wheat are remarkably
hard and clean grains. They are hard and plump and from the appearance would go well over 60 pounds to the bushel. Thev are not as good a color as some of the prize samples raised in Manitoba, but this is probably due to lack of proper facilities for harvesting. Samples of black and white oats were also sent and a thorough search of a number of grains failed to find a false seed.
One does not associate the Yukon district with the production of any such delicacies as strawberries, but in a recent report from the Crown Timber and Land Agent it is stated that a successful crop of this fruit was grown in 1902, fetching on an average six cents for each strawberry. There are about 3,500 acres under cultivation in the Yukon district in which all kinds of vegetables are grown.
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS
OO numerous, and of so varied a nature, are the enquiries for general and statistical information that have been received at the offices of " RKSOI/RCES" since the appearance of the initial issue in June last, and such is the impossibility of replying to our corre- spondents individually and at length, that it has been decided to establish a
" Resources" Bureau of Information
for the benefit of our subscribers and others.
Upon payment to us of a merely nominal fee, to cover outlay, we shall be prepared to supply sub- scribers with printed reports of the various departments of the Federal and the Provincial Governments, in- cluding reports and maps of the Geological Survey, information respecting railways, land companies, min- ing and lumbering and other interests of the country in general.
Address all communications to "RESOURCES" Bureau of Information,
Board of Trade Building,
Montreal, Que.
RESOURCES
DE VELOPED and U.VDE VELOPED
BRITISH XORTH AMERICA
Vol. 2
JUNE, 1904
No. 6
PUBLISHED MONTHLY SUBSCRIPTION :
Canada, Great Britain and Ireland, and United States, $1.00 a year.
To British Colonies and Dependencies and
other countries within the Postal
Union, postage prepaid,
$1.25 a year.
ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS PAYABLE IN ADVANCE
BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING,
MONTREAL, QVE.
Advertising Rates for Bona-fide Advertisements will be Quoted on Application.
RESOURCES
Newfoundland
Only Ninety Miles by Sea.
(Made in (1 hours).
THE NORWAY OF THE NEW WORLD.
Land of Deep Fiords guarded by Lofty Cliffs. The temperature in summer rarely exceeds 85°.
The Sportsman's Paradise, The Finest Caribou Hunting in the World,
Is on the " Barrens ", the Stags weighing as heavy as 600 Ibs. THERE ARE SALMON WATERS THAT HAVE NEVER WET A LINE.
THE ROUTE is all rail to North Sydney, via Canadian Pacific, Grand Trunk and Intercolonial Rail-
ways to North Sydney, Cape Breton, thence Newfoundland Railway Steamer " Bruce" to Port-
aux-Basques, and Newfoundland Railway across the island, through the center of the
Hunting and Fishing Region. Tickets issued by all Tourist, Railway and
Steamboat Agents.
EWFOUNDLAND and its caribou have become topics of increasing interest to American sportsmen of late years, and with good cause. The journey can be made entirely by rail, with the exception of the short run from North Sydney to Port-aux-Basques, with unusual comfort ; and when you have left the train you are on the trail, for in this caribou country something may happen the next minute.
In Newfoundland it may be fairly said that success depends only on " the man behind the gun ".
Every assistance in the procuring of guides and giving all information obtained on application to the General Passenger Agent of the Reid Newfoundland Company, St. John's.
Write for illustrated booklet " Shooting and Fishing in Newfoundland and Labrador."
W. K. VANDERBILT, of New York, who spent a season caribou hunting in this country in 1903, said that "Newfoundland was a veritable Sportsman's Paradise." He secured fine heads, the full complement allowed under his license, and intends visiting the country again next year, bringing a large party with him.
More Sportsmen visited Newfoundland and with greater success in 1903 than any previous year.
Labrador
During July, August and September.
Offers to Tourists and Health-seekers the best and cheapest trip in America.
Round trip (first-class) from North Sydney, Cape Breton, to Nain, Labrador, occupying about eighteen days, and including meals and berth on the Steamer from St. John's to Nain and return, $60.00.
Passengers have the option of travelling via S. S. BKUCE to Port-aux-Basques, rail to St. John's, thence Labrador Steamer to Nain, returning same route ; or, via Steamer from Battle Harbor to Bay of Islands, thence rail and BRUCE to North Sydney.
The S. S. VIRGINIA LAKE will leave St. John's on Thursday, June i6th, for Labrador, and sails every alternate Thursday thereafter until last of October, 1 904.
Above sailings not guaranteed, but every effort will be made to keep this schedule.
Telegraph or write the General Passenger Agent for confirmed dates of sailing and saloon reservations.
Write for folders, maps and full particulars to
H. A. MORINE,
Gen'l Pass. Agent, Newfoundland Railway,
ST. JOHN'S, N. F.
In writing advertisers please mention RESOURCES.
THE PRINCES LANDING STACK LIVERPOOL, ENG.
It is from this landing1 stage — one of the greatest mechanical achievements of modern times, constructed to rise and fall with the tide so as to enable the biggest ocean liners to take their cargo and passengers directly on board — that the great majority of the British and European emigrants to the Western Hemisphere have made their departure.
RESOURCES
Agents Wanted
IN EVERY CITV AND TOWN IN
Canada,
THE
United States
AND THE
tisfj Jsles
TO PROCURE SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR
RESOURCES"
We furnish, without charge, sample copies of RESOURCES, subscription blanks, receipt blanks, and everything you will need in taking subscriptions. Send at once for full equipment.
ILY REVIEW Of the Dev
uildin) MONTI\LAL. CANADA.
TEN CENTS A COPY ONE DOLLAR AYF.AR
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE AND REVIEW SHOWING THE ILLIMITABLE RESOURCES OF THE DOMI- NION OF CANADA AND OF NF.WFOL'NDLAND, CONDUCTED BY MEN WHO ARE ALIVE TO PRESENT CONDITIONS, AND WHO THINK AND PURPOSE TO DEMONSTRATE THAT. FOR HOME SEEKERS AND INVESTORS ALIKE, BRITISH NORTH AMERICA FURNISHES UNRIVALLED OPPORTUNITIES AND INDUCEMENTS.
Sedool
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AND
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can find profitable employment in representing
'RESOURCES"
during their spare time.
We desire to appoint a local representative to ob- tain subscriptions in every community.
Previous experience un- necessary. A good income to be secured during one's leisure hours.
EVERY business man subscribes on sight.
Canada Atlantic Railway
The numerous Mill Sites, Water Powers, vast Timber and Mineral Lands adjacent to this Railroad afford desir- able locations for Wood Working Factories, Flour Mills, and manufacturing' enterprises of every descrip- tion
Liberal encouragement will be given manufacturers, and correspondence is invited.
E. R. BREMNER,
Asst. Gen. Freight Agent.
W. P. HINTON,
Gen. Freight Agent.
OTTAWA, ONT.
Quebec and Lake St. John Railway
EXCELLENT LAND FOR SALE BY GOVERNMENT
IN LAKE ST. JOHN VALLEY AT
NOMINAL PRICES.
New settlers, their families and a limited quantity of effects will be transported by the Railway free. Special advantages offered to parties establishing mills and other industries.
This railway runs through 200 miles of the finest spruce forests in America, through a country abounding in water powers, and of easy access to steamship docks at Quebec. AN IDEAL LOCA- TION FOR THE PULP IN-
DUSTRY
For information address the Offices of the Company, Quebec, Qne.
In writing advertisers please mention RISOI iu i s.
Authorized Capital $2,000,000
Paid up Capital 1,300,000
Reserve Fund & Undivided Profits 360,000
H. S. HOLT, President.
D. M. STEWART, . . General Manager.
of Ind tions a
ACCOUNTS
viduals. Firms, Corpnra- nd Dnnks solicited.
COLLECTIONS
on all points in Canada ami in the United States promptly madt.*.
COMMERCIAL
and Circular Letters of Credit issued.
DRAFTS
and Telegraphic Transfers on all the leading- cities in the United States, Great Britain and the Con- tinent sold at the best rates.
EXCHANGE
against shipments of grain, cat- tle, butter, cheese and other mer- chandise purchased at the high- est prices.
... CORRESPONDENTS :
London, Eng.
London Joint Stock Bank Limited, Princes Street.
Messrs. ]. S. Morgan Jt Company.
LTnion Discount Company of London. Limited.
New York, U.S.
National Bank of Commerce. Messrs. J. P. Morgan &. Company. Standard Trust Company.
3% INTEREST
allowed from date of deposit and credited twice a vear in our
SAVINGS
Department at all offices.
CORRESPONDENCE
Invited. Call or write.
MAIN OFFICE IN MONTREAL :
202 ST. JAMES STREET (Corner St. Peter St.,)
\V. GRAHAM BROWNE,
Manager.
The Shawinigan Water and Power Co.
SHAWINIGAN FALLS, P.Q.
POWER AVAILABLE — 100,000 HORSE POWER. UTILIZED AT SHAWINIGAN FALLS, 20,000 H. P.
13.OOg.Jl. P. HYDRAULIC 7,000 H. P. ELECTRICAL
Among Companies utilizing power are the following : — NORTHERN ALUMINUM COMPANY, BELGO PULP & PAPER COMPANY, SHAWINIGAN CARBIDE COMPANY, ELECTRO-MANGANESE COMPANY, SHAWINIGAN ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY, SHAWINIGAN FALLS TERMINAL RY. COMPANY,
At Sorel, P. Q. :
SOREL ELECTRIC COMPANY.
fi.OOO H. P. NOW BEING DELIVERED TO MONTREAL (8.3 miles)
The longest transmission line of its voltage (50,000 volts) in the world.
V Manufacturers desiring power and locations apply to the Secretary of the Cgmpany, Montreal, Que.
Great Northern Railway of Canada
TIMBER LIMITS AND WATER POWERS FOR SALE .'-•; J'l'^
SPRUCE; PINE AND HARDWOODS . . . IDEAL SITES FOR
PULP MILLS . . ;r UNEXCELLED EX- PORT FACILITIES AT QUEBEC.
Apply to Office of Company, QUEBEC, Que.
In writing advertisers please mention RKSOTRCKS.