NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-781 An Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Samoa Richard C. Wass May 1984 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report—Fisheries The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report—Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained from D822, User Services Branch, Environ- mental Science Information Center, NOAA, Rockville, MD 20852. Recent SSRF’s are: 722. Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, purse seine fishery: Catch, fishing activity, and age and size composition, 1964-73. By William R. Nicholson. March 1978, iii + 8 p., 1 fig., 12 tables. 723. Ichthyoplankton composition and plankton volumes from inland coastal waters of southeastern Alaska, April-November 1972. By Chester R. Mattson and Bruce L. Wing. April 1978, iii + 11 p., 1 fig., 4 tables. 724. Estimated average daily instantaneous numbers of recreational and com- mercial fishermen and boaters in the St. Andrew Bay system, Florida, and adja- cent coastal waters, 1973. By Doyle F. Sutherland. May 1978, iv + 23 p., 31 figs. 11 tables. 725. Seasonal bottom-water temperature trends in the Gulf of Maine and on Georges Bank, 1963-75. By Clarence W. Davis. May 1978, iv + 17 p., 22 figs., 5 tables. 726. The Gulf of Maine temperature structure between Bar Harbor, Maine, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, June 1975-November 1976. By Robert J. Pawlowski. December 1978, iii + 10 p., 14 figs., 1 table. 727. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program for 1975. By Steven K. Cook, Barclay P. Collins, and Christine S. Carty. January 1979, iv + 93 p., 2 figs., 13 tables, 54 app. figs. 728. Vertical sections of semimonthly mean temperature on the San Francisco- Honolulu route: From expendable bathythermograph observations, June 1966- December 1974. By J. F.T. Saur, L. E. Eber, D. R. McLain, and C. E. Dorman. January 1979, iii + 35 p., 4 figs., 1 table. 729. References for the indentification of marine invertebrates on the southern Atlantic coast of the United States. By Richard E. Dowds. April 1979, iv + 37p. 730. Surface circulation in the northwest Gulf of Mexico as deduced from drift bottles. By Robert F. Temple and John A. Martin. May 1979, iii + 13 p., 8 figs., 4 tables. 731. Annotated bibliography and subject index on the shortnose sturgeon, Aci- penser brevirostrum. By James G. Hoff. April 1979, iii + 16 p. 732. Assessment of the Northwest Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus, stock. By Emory D. Anderson. April 1979, iv + 13 p., 9 figs., 15 tables. 733. Possible management procedures for increasing production of sockeye salmon smolts in the Naknek River system, Bristol Bay, Alaska. By Robert J. Ellis and William J. McNeil. April 1979, iii + 9 p., 4 figs., 11 tables. 734. Escape of king crab, Paralithodes camtschatica, from derelict pots. By William L. High and Donald D. Worlund. May 1979, iii + 11 p., 5 figs., 6 tables. 735. History of the fishery and summary statistics of the sockeye salmon, On- corhynchus nerka, runs to the Chignik Lakes, Alaska, 1888-1956. By Michael L. Dahlberg. August 1979, iv + 16 p., 15 figs., 11 tables. 736. A historical and descriptive account of Pacific coast anadromous salmonid rearing facilities and a summary of their releases by region, 1960-76. By Roy J. Wahle and Robert Z. Smith. September 1979, iv+ 16 p., 15 figs., 25 tables. 737. Movements of pelagic dolphins (Stenella spp.) in the eastern tropical Pa- cific as indicated by results of tagging, with summary of tagging operations, 1969-76. By W. F. Perrin, W. E. Evans, and D. B. Holts. September 1979, iii + 14p., 9 figs., 8 tables. 738. Environmental baselines in Long Island Sound, 1972-73. By R. N. Reid, A. B. Frame, and A. F. Draxler. December 1979, iv + 31 p., 40 figs., 6 tables. 739. Bottom-water temperature trends in the Middle Atlantic Bight during spring and autumn, 1964-76. By Clarence W. Davis. December 1972, iii + 13 p., 10 figs., 9 tables. 740. Food of fifteen northwest Atlantic gadiform fishes. By Richard W. Langton and Ray E. Bowman. February 1980, iv + 23 p., 3 figs., 11 tables. 741. Distribution of gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) in the Middle At- lantic Bight region. By John J. Dickinson, Roland L. Wigley, Richard D. Bro- deur, and Susan Brown-Leger. October 1980, iv + 46 p., 26 figs., 52 tables. 742. Water structure at Ocean Weather Station V, northwestern Pacific Ocean, 1966-71. By D. M. Husby and G. R. Seckel. October 1980, 18 figs., 4 tables. 743. Average density index for walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogamma, in the Bering Sea. By Loh-Lee Low and Ikuo Ikeda. November 1980, iii + 11 p., 3 figs., 9 tables. TION NA AL C6 Wy © A\ S \» Nouwus™ 19) 62 fe wy MENT or © NOAA Technical Report SSRF-781 An Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Samoa Richard C. Wass May 1984 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John V. Byrne, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS DE da ave (1Cel a Tey Vege eet icy Cee uC a US RETR ES EET IERIE CEES COREE CS CORSA IG EEN At iE RUSTE ay Bes oe eae Geosraphy and :physiosraphyy tv. rstevscceere eieua tacevcie,sistapstau sia tects aici evencren rodent oie a ler Schau ctahe celles teltayanan om abeach ave (ork aA eee [ANAT yan boGn OO enone A HERO Ac 6. cb OMS DOO RG ere Od co DE OO Ce Sona en anh G Jrayaiblefacetalaesiars SUT cin IE han SG Cem Oo GROG AG On Eee ao CU COM On OOrGro oct Doan E Sn an anOnone ra seco none cedc Gone INET So $OURED ODOR GA GUOT OOS EU COMO OE oc CRUN CSE On Rc Mn Cenc MCP ern mir wereld ane Ape SUNG) Ray ar Sera SEEM aRT od aitemic a Gia HOt cid otic Ace cine naan MAA eG Pancras aoe oo DER E@ RIC oducion omer soon Uobe GES UBIO UE bib bo ROOM e nic ro oesorenn ren Ate IE Ct tn ee ramen stn a lexanchidae\(Bulldopisharks))cyiyacrtercictesstnetere creche le teeaare ec cioy sh ote cole eicie orarere ree lela ss ote apa a @rectolobidae\(Nurseisharks) sysce5oectere cessor rene ear e ee eee Tere aa PSO reese co on SLE Ae coke al SS ER eee Pammnidac (Mackerel'sliarks)| ::c2a sc seorsscrers iets ei ote ese oso te ee er Oe One rsdn FO EE ANG ie FT WHT eon ony) 9 leg an nya cares oes ALI AO ZO UG UA UOC OO ODO Oro oO HIG IEA GE TOE MCR REE ANG cuDob eG @archarhinidael (Requiem sharks) eserves cies ec faerc ere ase rea eee ae to oe IST eT EG Ta Sea eS CIS eee Sphyrnidae’(Hammerheadisharks) aycracccscrstcr cps yoetecs tere fore toreene seer ce Oe re Sneed Sere eae Rie Toh Getcha org het ae eR Squalidae (Dogfish islaarks) oyscapstere jer cress eosye ioe ch pen eney cue bere te heeeay efor ovateeape ner eae so ele ree Gea ae pacae at or Wan Sea a aan Rhynchobatidae (Narrow-snouted/shovelnose'rays) je -ser-j, sees ae asenetay cei ee borane sere ase hi (or a tayeliave tne foaoustete eaienaien a ePenetes Pasyatididae: (Ste rays) Peiccscsrevscie yeas ones cenev chen s rove eueceseyararei spon me aehe rey siele rene setae reyay Sree eyed ooe cats cob raul Pein en a Mobuilidae!(Wfamtas) ics cscrei crete reratsteter cece reson tes sseye vena conser rere teue selon save eToys tte cE See trainee aR Spo en Myhobatidae) (Eagle rays) is sa!srsca tare sis eset Star oe cse poy a oy asevn Shaner stavel cond Vener beyapapst er aia cae ay al crater aceie sues eiceate aea een eS Elopidae (adyfishes) hanes cineca Syed chert disie eleusta tse uusiepernetole ePousbetetsiotareraie neve selerale (oy At ves hUMIr te RESORT Whe res Mesalopidae!(Tarpoms) ao Sains svcstrevers ois. eset tec sata orcas inion e uch seep mcte) ore Hiapapene a wetsnlete acon Tetons GREE ees JNHIGEOR GT site is Sep unuee seca doNoe dou cpobmdnooueudad soul cS LoSo Un eEED bomounh obo nuueoaseds An puillidae! (Bresh water cels) ers siacssyorcys cc rere ore es Se ae Tee US SUETS Ue Seok THURS Ese EIEN tee IMormeuidae;(Wormi\cels) 35 ee aire ray cae ccs scestire lane ronsvus dere area Toi eter leis TAS po ee ee eT OEE Xenoconpridae (False mOrays)|syecs-c)ssesccle cecce es cse teres ej ctchele ore lsere a shee cree ore Source Pete aie ESET LP Se Muraenidae: (Moray) i iesetcrasc cscicrs esate scot oval aiesecelle valet cpsiietel eo nueleeceu dee eae Siar Sees USER e le) cc Cee ERI 0M ap Rin ao en tate Coneridae(Congerand!gardemicels) pe rass sie ares cieainle cucheseses cheke stele oie ce epee eed een eat Sve oath fe of eae aey Seep Sa a @phichthidae\ (Snake eels) 755555 3: s~ creo eae rp a sn et ese es cer Re ces Paceline a Se ee cee crear tre Tt SME el eR Ghuperdae! (Herrin gs) yis.25300 m. Its identity was confirmed by John E. Mc- Cosker. (CAS 44373.) Holocentridae (Squirrelfishes) Squirrelfishes are known as malau in Samoa. Matsuura and Shimizu (1982) have recently found that Sargocentron must replace the generic name Adioryx as used by most recent authors. John E. Randall provided several of the identifications and assisted with the synonymies. Flammeo argenteus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831). Holocentrum laeve—Gunther, 1875. As Holocentrus laevis, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Flammeo aurolineatus (Liénard, 1839). Malau-va‘a. Randall writes that scythrops is a common synonym. Flammeo opercularis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831). Malau-loa. Holocentrum operculare—Giunther, 1875. As Holocentrus opercularis, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Flammeo sammara (Forsskal, 1775). Malau-tui, malau-pe'ape’a. Holocentrum sammara—Schmeltz, 1865. As Holocentrus sammara, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Myripristis adustus Bleeker, 1853. Malau-tuavela, malau-'uo. Myripristis adustus—Schmeltz, 1866. Myripristis amaenus (Castelnau, 1873). Mpyripristis argyromus—Schultz, 1943. Myripristis berndti Jordan and Evermann, 1903. Malau-ugatele, malau-va'ava’a. Myripristis murdjan—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. As M. intermedius (part) and M. murdjan (part), Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as M. berndti and M. murdjan (part), Schultz, 1943. Myrispristis chryseres Jordan and Evermann, 1903. Randall confirmed the identification of this species which generally frequents depths >30 m. Myripristis hexagonus (Lacepéde, 1802). Myripristis hexagonus—Schmeltz, 1865. Myripristis kuntee Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Malau-pu’u. Myripristis multiradiatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As M. multiradiatus, Schultz, 1943. Mpripristis murdjan (Forsskal, 1775). Mprispristis parvidens—Greenfield, 1974. Randall and Guézé (1981) have just completed an examination of this species complex. Mpyripristis pralinius Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829. Malau-va’ava’a, malau-mamo. Mpripristis praslinus and M. sanguineus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As M. sanguineus, Schultz, 1943. Mpripristis randalli Greenfield, 1974. David W. Greenfield confirmed the identification. This species was previously known only from the Austral islands and Pit- cairn Island. Mpripristis violaceus Bleeker, 1851. Malau-tuauli. Mpripristis micropthalmus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As M. micropthalmus, Schultz, 1943. Mpripristis vittatus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Greenfield also identified this species. Mpyripristis woodsi Greenfield, 1974. Mpripristis intermedius (part) and M. murdjan (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As M. murdjan (part), Schultz, 1943. Ostichthys delta Randall, Shimizu and Yamakawa, 1982. Ostichthys delta—Randall, Shimizu and Yamakawa, 1982. (BPBM 28107.) Ostichthys kaianus (Gunther, 1880). This identification was confirmed by John E. Randall. (BPBM 28906.) Plectrypops lima (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831.) Malau-mutu. Mpyripristis humilis—Kner and Steindachner, 1866. As Holotrachys lima, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Ruppell, 1835). Malau-i’usina, tamalau-mumu, tameno-mumu. Holocentrum caudimaculatum—Schmeltz, 1865. As Holocentrus caudimaculatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron diadema (Lacepede, 1801). Malau-tui, malau- talapu’'u, malau-tusitusi, malau-pauli. Holocentrum diadema—Schmeltz, 1865. As Holocentrus diadema, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron ensiferum (Jordan and Evermann, 1903). This species is handlined from deep water. Sargocentron lacteoguttatum (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Malau-faiumu. Holocentrum punctatiss—Schmeltz, 1865. As Holocentrus punctatissimus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as H. lacteo-guttatus, Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron melanospilos (Bleeker, 1858). A specimen was handlined from 90 m. The identity was con- firmed by Randall who reports that cornutum, the name often applied to this species, has an Indo-Malayan distribution. (BPBM 27764.) Sargocentron microstoma (Gunther, 1859). Malau-tianiu. Holocentrum microstoma—Schmeltz, 1874. As Holocentrus microstomus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskal, 1775). Holocentrum rubrum—Giunther, 1874. As Holocentrus praslin, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as H. ruber, Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskal, 1775). Tamalau(<30 cm TL), mu-malau (>30 cm TL), malau-toa. Holocentrum spiniferum—Schmeltz, 1865. As Holocentrus binotatus and H. spinifer, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron tiere (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Holocentrum erythraeum—Schmeltz, 1874. As Holocentrus erythraeus and H. tiere, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as H. erythraeus, Schultz, 1943. Sargocentron tiereoides (Bleeker, 1853). Sargocentron violaceum (Bleeker, 1853). Malau-tifa, malau-uli. Holocentrum violaceum—Schmeltz, 1869. As Holocentrus violaceus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Lampridae (Moonfish Family) Lampris guttatus (Brunnich, 1788). Koko. This is a pelagic species commonly caught by tuna longline vessels. Aulostomidae (Trumpetfishes) Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766). Taoto-ena (brown phase), taoto-sama (yellow phase), ‘au’aulauti, taotito. Aulostomus chinense—Schmeltz, 1865. As A. valentini, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Fistulariidae (Cornetfishes) Fistularia commersonii Ruppell, 1838. Taoto-ama, taotao. Fistularia tabaccaria—Schmeltz, 1865. As F. petimba, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Macrorhamphosidae (Snipefishes) Macrorhamphosus scolopax (Linnaeus, 1758). Centriscus brevispinus—Kner and Steindachner, 1866. As Macrorhamphosus brevispinus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. A Samoan specimen taken from a fish stomach was identified by Alwyne Wheeler. Additional synonyms are gracilis and velitaris. Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and Seahorses) C. E. Dawson has confirmed the identifications and Samoan records and assisted with the synonymies. Choeroichthys cinctus Dawson, 1976. Choeroichthys sculptus (Gunther, 1870). Choeroichthys sculptus—Schultz, 1943. Corythoichthys amplexus Dawson and Randall, 1975. Corythoichthys amplexus—Dawson, 1977a. Corythoichthys flavo fasciatus (Ruppell, 1838). Corythroichthys sealei—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Corythoichthys conspicillatus, Schultz, 1943. Corythoichthys intestinalis (Ramsey, 1881). Corythroichthys waitei—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Corythoichthys fasciatus, Schultz, 1943. Cosmocampus maxweberi (Whitley, 1933). (BPBM 17483.) Doryrhamphus excisus (Kaup, 1856 . Doryrhamphus melanopieura—Schultz, 1943. 10 Dunkerocampus dactyliophorus (Bleeker, 1853). Festucalex wassi Dawson, 1977. Festucalex wassi—Dawson, 1977b. Hippichthys spicifer (Ruppell, 1838). Syngnathus spicifer—Seale, 1935. * Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852. Hippocampus guttulatus var. kuda—Schmeltz, 1874. Micrognathus brevirostris (Ruppell, 1840). Micrognathus mataafae (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Corythroichthys mataafae—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Microphis retzii (Bleeker, 1856). Microphis caudatus and M. torrentius—Jordan and Seale, 1906. This species is usually found in brackish or freshwater. Oostethus brachyurus brachyurus (Bleeker, 1853). Microphis brachyurus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Doryichthys brachyurus, Schultz, 1943. Adults are usually found in fresh or brackish water. Phoxocampus diacanthus (Schultz, 1943). Ichthyocampus diacanthus—Schultz, 1943. Syngnathoides biaculeatus (Bloch, 1785). Gasterotokeus biaculeatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes) Scorpionfishes < 8 cm TL are called la’otale. Those > 8 cm TL are referred to as nofu or i‘atala. William N. Eschmeyer has con- firmed the identifications of the new Samoan records and provid- ed synonymies. “Dendrochirus biocellatus (Fowler, 1938). Dendrochirus sausaulele Jordan and Seale, 1906. Sausau-lele. Pterois zebra—Schmeltz, 1866. As Dendrochirus brachypterus, Schultz, 1943. Pontinus macrocephalus (Sauvage, 1882). This species is occasionally caught by fishermen at depths around 200 m. Pterois antennata (Bloch, 1787). Sausau-lele. Pterois radiata Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829. Sausau- lele. Pterois cincta—Schmeltz, 1866. Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758). Sausau-lele. Pterois volitans—Schmeltz, 1866. Scorpaena albobrunnea Gunther, 1874. Scorpaenopsis albobrunneus—Schultz, 1943. *Scorpaena asperella Bennett, 1829. Scorpaenopsis asperella—Schultz, 1943. Scorpaena ballieui Sauvage, 1875. Scorpaena nuchalis—Schultz, 1943. Scorpaena laotale (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Sebastapistes laotale—Jordan and Seale, 1906. *Scorpaena oglinus (Smith, 1947). Scorpaena haplodactylus—Schmeltz, 1866. The only Samoan record for this species is the original. Scorpaenodes brocki (Schultz in Schultz et al., 1966). Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). Scorpaena guamensis—Gunther, 1874. As Sebastopsis guamensis and S. scabra, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Scorpaenodes hirsutus (Smith, 1957). Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett, 1864). Scorpaenopsis diabolus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829. Scorpaenopsis gibbosa—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As S. gibbosus (part), Schultz, 1943. Scorpaenopsis fowleri (Pietschmann, 1934). Scorpaenopsis fowleri—Eschmeyer and Randall, 1975. Scorpaenopsis macrochir Ogilby, 1910. Scorpaenopsis gibbosus (part)—Schultz, 1943. Scorpaenopsis novae-guineae (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1829). Scorpaenopsis novae-guineae—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Scorpaenopsis sp. One specimen, 35 mm SL. Dorsal XII,9; anal III,5; pectoral 18; about 40 vertical scale rows. Suborbital ridge with three spines. A dark blotch on soft anal. (CAS 44530.) Synanceia verrucosa Bloch and Schneider, 1801. Synanceia verrucosa—Schmeltz, 1866. As Synanceja verrucosa, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Taenianotus triacanthus Lacepéde, 1802. Taenianotus triacantus—Schmeltz, 1865. Caracanthidae (Dwarf Rockfishes) Caracanthus maculatus (Gray, 1831). Tapua. Caracanthus maculatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Caracanthus unipinna (Gray, 1831). Tapua. Caracanthus unipinna—Schultz, 1943. Platycephalidae (Flatheads) The flatheads, which are called tolo in Samoa, were identified by Leslie W. Knapp who plans to revise the family. Platycephalus chiltonae (Schultz in Schultz et al., 1966). Platycephalus maylayanus Bleeker, 1853. Platycephalus variolosus—Gunther, 1876. As P. variolosus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Knapp also places Thysanophrys papillolabium in synonymy. Platycephalus oligolepis Regan, 1908. Platycephalus sp. Five specimens, 90-98 mm SL. Dorsal VIII + 11; anal 12; lateral line pores 51-52. Snout in SL 8.9-9.6. This species is similar to chiltonae but has a shorter snout. (BPBM 18722.) Wakiyus welanderi Schultz in Schultz et al., 1966. A single individual was collected at Larsen Bay on sandy bot- tom at 40 m. Dactylopteridae (Flying Gurnards) Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Centropomidae (Perchlets) Ambassis miops Gunther, 1871. Lafa. Ambassis lafa—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As A. lafa, Schultz, 1943. This species is usually found in freshwater. Ambassis safga (Forsskal, 1775). Lafa. Ambassis commersonii—Schmeltz, 1869. As A. vaivasensis, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. This species is recorded only from Western Samoa where its preferred habitat (bays, estuaries, and freshwater streams) is ex- tensive. 11 Percichthyidae (Temperate Basses) Neoscombrops pacificus Mochizuki, 1979. (BPBM 27767.) Serranidae (Groupers and Sea Basses) Groupers <30 cm TL are generally known as gatala. Those 30-90 cm TL are called ‘ata’ata and very large individuals may be termed vaolo. John E. Randall assisted with the identifications. Anthias dispar (Herre, 1955). Segasega-moana. Anthias dispar—Randall and Lubbock, 1981. Anthias lori Lubbock and Randall in Fourmanoir and Laboute, 1976. Anthias lori—Randall and Lubbock, 1981. Anthias pascalus (Jordan and Tanaka, 1927). Segasega-moana. Anthias pascalus—Randall and Lubbock, 1981. Anthias pleurotaenia Bleeker, 1857. Anthias sp. Two specimens, 75 and 84 mm SL; collected at 47-50 m. Dorsal X,16-17; anal III,7; pectoral 17-18; lateral line pores 46-48. Four scale rows between lateral line and spinous mid-dorsal; third dorsal spine elongate. These and the following uniden- tified Anthias are deposited in the California Academy of Sciences. (CAS 44374-44377.) Anthias sp.(Subgenus Pseudanthias). One specimen, 67 mm SL. Dorsal X,16; anal III,7; pectoral 19; gill rakers 11 + 1 + 24 = 36; lateral line pores 51. Prominent ser- rations on preopercle. Anthias sp. (Subgenus Pseudanthias). One specimen, 24 mm SL. Dorsal X,16; anal III,7; pectoral 19; gill rakers 8+1+24=33; lateral line pores 47. Prominent spines at angle of preoperculum and angle of operculum. Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, 1828). Gatala-aleva. Anyperodon leucogrammicus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Cephalopholis argus Bloch and Schneider, 1801. Gatala-uli, loi. Serranus myriaster—Schmeltz, 1865. Randall has found that guttatus is an older name for this species but he and Ben-Tuvia have petitioned the International Commission to retain argus. Cephalopholis igarashiensis Katayama, 1957. Gatala-sama. This species is occasionally handlined from deep water. Cephalopholis indelibilis (Fowler, 1904). Gatala-sega. Randall has recently determined this to be an older name for a species he (1964a) had identified as obtusaurus. (BPBM 27768.) Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacepede, 1801). Gatala-sina, mata’ele. Epinephelus leopardus—Steindachner, 1906. *Cephalopholis miniatus (Forsskal, 1775). Serranus miniatus—Gunther, 1873. Samoan records may be misidentifications as the species has been confused in the past with sexmaculatus which is herein recorded from Samoa for the first time. Cephalopholis sexmaculatus (Ruppell, 1828). Gatala-mumu. Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1828). Velo, mata’ele. Epinephelus sonnerati—Boulenger, 1895. Cephalopholis urodelus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Mata’ele. Serranus urodelus—Schmeltz, 1866. Cephalopholis sp. Seven specimens, 48-126 mm SL. Dorsal IX,15; anal III,9; pec- toral 18; vertical scale rows above lateral line 98-104. Head, body, and fins reddish orange; posterior edge of caudal pale with pale coloration broader dorsally and ventrally; four red spots on lower lip, two bordering the symphysis and the others midway between the symphysis and corners of mouth. This species is common in Samoa and Randall indicates it is widespread in Oceania and the western Pacific. (BPBM 17495.) Epinephelus dictyophorus (Bleeker, 1856). Ata'ata-uli. The single specimen collected was caught at a depth of about 100 m. (BPBM 22720.) Epinephelus fario (Thunberg, 1792). Gatala-pule’ena. Epinephelus corallicola—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As E. corallicola, Schultz, 1943. Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskal, 1775). Fausi. Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskal, 1775). Gatala-aloalo. Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Randall (1964a) indicated horridus as a probable junior synonym of fuscoguttatus but Schultz (in Schultz et al. 1966) distinguished between the two species on the basis of pectoral ray and gill raker count. Samoan specimens agree with Schultz’s diagnosis of horridus. Epinephelus hexagonatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Gatala- a’/au. Serranus hexagonatus—Schmeltz, 1869. As Epinephelus stellans, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790). Gatala-puleuli. Epinephelus maculatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Epinephelus medurensis is a junior synonym. Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz in Schultz et al., 1953. Gatala- puletasi, gatala-tane. Epinephelus merra—Bloch, 1793. Gatala-aloalo, gatala-pulepule. Serranus merra—Schmeltz, 1866. Epinephelus microdon (Bleeker, 1856). Gatala-nifoli'i, gatala- aloalo. Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Randall (1964a) discussed the confusion between this species and fuscoguttatus. Epinephelus morrhua Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833. Ata’ata-tusitusi. This species is common at depths of 100 m or more. Epinephelus socialis (Gunther, 1873). Serranus socialis—Gunther, 1873. Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal, 1775). Gatala-tane. Serranus tauvina—Schmeltz, 1865. Epinephelus elongatus Schultz is a recent synonym. Epinephelus sp. Gatala-pulesama. One specimen, 190 mm SL; taken by handline at 200 m. Dorsal XI1,16; anal III,8; gill rakers 8+1+14=23. Head and body light brown; yellow spots on head and nape; five broad but in- distinct darker bars on sides and peduncle. (BPBM 24129.) Gracila albomarginata (Fowler and Bean, 1930). Liopropoma susumi (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Susumi. Chorististium susumi—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Liopropoma sp. John E. Randall and Leighton Taylor are describing this red- and-white striped species. (BPBM 18723.) Plectranthias fourmanoiri Randall, 1980. F6-tala. Plectranthias fourmanoiri—Randall, 1980a. Plectranthias kamii Randall, 1980. This species is occasionally handlined from deep water. (BPBM 22721.) Plectranthias nanus Randall, 1980. Fo-tala. Plectranthias nanus—Randall, 1980a. 12 Plectranthias yamakawai Yoshino, 1972. This identification was confirmed by John E. Randall. (BPBM 28902.) Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepéde, 1802). Ata'ata-utu. Paracanthistius maculatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Paracanthistius maculatus, Schultz, 1943. Plectropomus melanoleucus (Lacepéde, 1802). The author has collected and observed this distinctive species only in Pago Pago Bay. Plectropomus truncatus Fowler and Bean, 1930. Ata’ata-utu. (BPBM 22718.) Promicrops lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790). Ata‘ata-uli, vaolo. Individuals weighing more than 100 kg have been observed. Saloptia powelli Smith, 1963. This species was observed on only one occasion. It was handlin- ed from an offshore bank at a depth of about 140 m. (BPBM 27858.) Variola louti (Forssk&l, 1775). Papa-tuauli (juveniles), velo (sub- adults), papa (adults). Epinephelus louti—Boulenger, 1895. As Variola flavimarginata, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Grammistidae (Soapfishes) Belonoperca chabanaudi Fowler and Bean, 1930. Apoua. Randall et al. (1980) have shown this species to be a grammistid rather than a serranid as previously classified. Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792). Taili, tusiloa. Grammistes orientalis—Schmeltz, 1869. Grammistops ocellatus Schultz in Schultz et al., 1953. Anaoso. Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Gutunofu. The single Samoan specimen was handlined from deep water. Pseudochromidae (Basslets) Members of this family are generally called tiva. None were known from Samoa prior to 1943. All are small and found sub- tidally. Chlidichthys sp. Three specimens, 24-46 mm SL; collected at 43 and 66 m. Dor- sal II,25; anal II,15; pectoral 17; pelvic 1,4; scales 62-63. Body dusky rose or orange; nape, snout, and lips bright rose. (BPBM 24118.) Pseudochromis jamesi Schultz, 1943. Pseudochromis jamesi—Schultz, 1943. The bright reddish orange coloration of mature males is not mentioned by Schultz in his species description. Pseudochromis porphyreus Lubbock and Goldman, 1974. Pseudochromis porphyreus—Lubbock and Goldman, 1974. Pseudoplesiops rosae Schultz, 1943. Pseudoplesiops rosae—Schultz, 1943. Pseudoplesiops sp. Three specimens, 25-27 mm SL; collected at 43 m. Dorsal 28-29; anal 18; pectoral 16-17; pelvic I,3; scales 33-36. No lateral line. Head and body greenish yellow; underside of head rosy; alternate dorsal and anal rays dusky at base. (BPBM 24121.) Plesiopidae (Prettyfins) Prettyfins are generally termed aneanea or tafuti. Plesiops coeruleolineatus Ruppell, 1835. Pharopteryx melas—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Plesiops corallicola Bleeker, 1853. Plesiops nigricans—Schmeltz, 1866. As Pharopteryx nigricans, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Plesiops nigricans, Schultz, 1943. Plesiops sp. Two specimens, 22 and 26 mm SL. Dorsal [X,9; anal III,7; 5+1+7=13. Lower pectoral rays with only two branches; pelvics extend beyond axil of anal in larger individuais. Head and body pale with brown bars; medial fins with dark brown bars and pale edges. (BPBM 17524, 20012, 24110.) Pseudogrammitidae (Reef Basslets) Pseudogramma bilinearis (Schultz, 1943). Ateate. Aporops bilinearis—Schultz, 1943. Pseudogramma polyacantha (Bleeker, 1856). Gnathypops samoensis—Fowler and Silvester, 1922. Pseudogramma sp. One specimen, 80 mm SL; collected at 33 m. Dorsal VII,22; anal [II,18; pectoral 14; pelvic 1,5; scales 49; !ateral line pores 22; gill rakers 5+1+11=17. No spine on rear margin of preopercle. Body brown with yellow-brown blotches; fins red- dish. (BPBM 24128.) Teraponidae (Terapon Perches) Terapon jarbua (Forsskal, 1775). Ava’ava. Therapon servus—Schmeltz, 1866. Kuhliidae (Mountain Basses) Kuhlia marginata (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Lalele. Dules malo—Schmeltz, 1866. Kuhlia mugil (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Safole. Kuhlia taeniura—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. As K. taeniura, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Kuhlia rupestris (Lacepede, 1802). Sesele (<15 cm TL), inato (>15 cm TL). Dules rupestris—Schmeltz, 1866. This species is often found in freshwater. Kuhlia salelea Schultz, 1943. Salele. Kuhlia marginata—Evermann and Seale, 1923. This species is often found in freshwater. Priacanthidae (Big-Eyes) All species of Priacanthus are known as matapula in Samoa. Wayne C. Starnes, who is revising the genus, made or confirmed the identifications. Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853. This species is fairly common in Pago Pago Bay. (BPBM 17485.) Priacanthus cruentatus (Lacepede, 1801). Priacanthus cruentatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskal, 1775). A specimen was handlined from 60 m. (BPBM 27765.) 13 Priacanthus sp. One specimen, 192 mm SL; handlined from 100 m. Dorsal X,14; anal 111,15; lateral line pores 55+ 5 (left side) and 56+6 (right side) =60-62; gill rakers 5+ 1+15=21. Caudal slightly rounded. Central portion of pelvics and distal portions of soft dorsal and anal yellow; black spot at base of pelvics; membrane between dorsal spines I and III dusky. Starnes plans to describe this species which has a wide Indopacific distribution. (USNM 236936.) Pristigenys multifasciata Yoshino and Iwai, 1973. A specimen was handlined from 160 m. (BPBM 27766.) Apogonidae (Cardinalfishes) The general name by which cardinalfishes are known in Samoa is f6. Many of the species groups in this family are poorly understood and will likely undergo changes in nomenclature when subjected to comprehensive review. At present, Lachner (in Schultz et al. 1953) is probably the best source for species names and descriptions and, unless otherwise noted, is followed in this checklist. Apogon angustatus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911). Fo-tusiloloa. *Apogon asaedae Seale, 1935. Apogon asaedae—Seale, 1935. Thomas H. Fraser writes that the types are in poor condition and their identity is uncertain. Apogon bandanensis Bleeker, 1854. Apogon bandanensis—Steindachner, 1901. Apogon coccineus Ruppell, 1838. Fo-si’umu. Apogon erythrina—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. As Amia erythrina, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Apogon doryssa (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon dammermani Weber and deBeaufort, 1929. Fo-malau. Amia crassiceps and A. fusca—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon crassiceps (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon edekataenia Bleeker, 1852. Apogon edekataenia—Fraser, 1972. Apogon exostigma (Jordan and Starks, 1906). Fo-loloa. Amia exostigma—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon frenatus (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon fragilis Smith, 1961. This species was collected from the saltwater pond enclosed by runways at the Pago Pago International Airport. Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832. Fo-loloa. Apogon frenatus (part)—Schultz, 1943. Apogon guamensis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832. Amia savayensis (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon bandanensis (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon nubilis is a junior synonym. Apogon hypselonotus Bleeker, 1855. Fo-si'umi. Amia doryssa—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon doryssa (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon kallopterus Bleeker, 1856. F0-aialo. Amia snyderi—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon frenatus (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon lateralis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832. Amia lateralis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon ceramensis, Schultz, 1943. Apogon leptacanthus Bleeker, 1856. Apogon leptacanthus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Mionorus graeffei, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Apogon graeffei, Schultz, 1943. Apogon nigrofasciatus Lachner in Schultz et al., 1953. Fo-tuauli. Amia aroubiensis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon aroubiensis, Schultz, 1943. Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828. Apogon novemfasciatus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Amia novemfasciata (part), Jordan and Seale, 1906. Apogon robustus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911). Amia novemfasciata (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon novemfasciata (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon savayensis Gunther, 1871. Fo-tala. Apogon savayensis—Gunther, 1871. As Amia savayensis (part), Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Apogon bandanensis (part), Schultz, 1943. Apogon trimaculatus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828. Amia koilomatodon—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Apogon sp. F0-talamemea. Lachner (in Schultz et al. 1953) referred to this species as novae- guineae. He has since determined it to be undescribed, however, and plans to describe it with John E. Randall. Apogon sp. Two specimens, both 25 mm SL; collected at 37 m. Dorsal VII+1,9; anal II,8; pectoral 14; lateral line pores 22. Head, body, and fins with rosy brown and pale mottling. (USNM 220060.) Archamia biguttata Lachner, 1951. Archamia fucata (Cantor, 1850). FO-manifi. Apogon bleekeri—Schmeltz, 1866. As Archamia lineolata, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepéde, 1802). F6-taoto, tuganini (Savai'i). Chilodipterus octovittatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Paramia macrodon, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Cheilo- dipterus lineatus, Schultz, 1943. Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, 1828. F6-tusiloloa. Paramia quinquelineata—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Paramia quinquelineata, Schultz, 1943. Foa fo Jordan and Seale, 1906. Foa fo—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon brachygramma (part), Schultz, 1943. *Foa vaiulae Jordan and Seale, 1906. Foa vaiulae—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon brachygramma (part), Schultz, 1943. Schultz (1943) placed this species in synonymy with fo. *Fowleria aurita (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831). Apogon auritus (part)—Schultz, 1943. Considerable difference of opinion exists regarding the tax- onomy of this genus. Schultz (1943) placed mmarmoratus and variegatus in the synonymy of auritus but retained /sostigma as a valid species. Smith (1961) recognized only auritus. All four forms are given specific status by Lachner (in Schultz et al. 1953). The present author was readily abie to identify isostigma, marmorata, and variegata from recently collected material. Samoan specimens at the U.S. National Museum labeled aurita were examined but their faded condition made identification impossible. 14 Fowleria isostigma (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Fo-gatala. Apogonichthys isostigma—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon isostigma, Schultz, 1943. Fowleria marmorata (Alleyne and Macleay, 1876). Fo-mumi. Apogonichthys marmoratus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon auritus (part), Schultz, 1943. Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832). Apogonichthys variegatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Apogon auritus (part), Schultz, 1943. Gymnapogon urospilotus Lachner in Schultz et al., 1953. Pseudamia polystigma (Bleeker, 1859). Pseudamia sp. Two specimens, 46 and 47 mm SL; collected at Larsen Bay at 70 m. Dorsal VI+1,8; anal II,8; pectoral 16; gill rakers 8 developed + 9 or 10 undeveloped; lateral line scales 5+18=23; a ventral row of 19 notched scales from below pectoral base to caudal peduncle. Scales cycloid and well developed; no flap on anterior nostrils; a few serrations on angle of preoperculum. Color in alcohol: body pale yellow, almost entirely overlaid with yellow-brown pigment; brown spots on preoperculum, lips, and chin; caudal dusky; all other fins pale. (BPBM 24116.) Pseudamiops gracilicauda (Lachner in Schultz et al., 1953). Rhabdamia sp. Several specimens, largest is 33 mm SL; collected at depths of 20-33 m. Dorsal VI+1,9; anal II,12-14; pectoral 10; gill rakers 14. One weak suborbital spine at angle and 2-5 weak preopercular spines. Translucent with pale orange spots on head. Color in alcohol: pale yellow with dusky specks on preoperculum, lips, and chin. (BPBM 18724, USNM 220059.) Malacanthidae (Tilefishes) These fishes are generally known as mo’o or mo’otai. Malacanthus brevirostris Guichenot, 1848. Malacanthus latovittatus (Lacepede, 1801). Mo'o-moana. Oceanops latovittata—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Echeneididae (Remoras) Remoras are called talitaliuli in Samoa. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Echeneis naucrates—Fowler, 1900. As Leptecheneis naucrates, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791). This fish was associated with a hawksbill turtle, Eretrnochelys imbricata, when collected. Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Echeneis remora—Schmeltz, 1865. Remoropsis pallidus (Schlegel, 1850). A specimen was taken from the gills of a black marlin, Makaira indica. Rhombochirus osteochir (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). This specimen was associated with a blue marlin, Makaira nigricans. Carangidae (Jacks) Many of the jacks are not known by specific Samoan names. Size classes, however, are labeled as follows: lupo (<8 cm TL), lupota (8-20 cm TL), malauli (20-50 cm TL), ulua (50-80 cm TL), and sapo’anae (>80 cm TL). Frank Williams assisted with the identifications and synonymies of most Carangoides and Uraspis. Decapterus and some Carangoides were identified by William F. Smith-Vaniz who also furnished or confirmed most of the re- maining synonymies. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787). Noasami (juvenile), to’uto’u (sub- adult). Alectis ciliaris—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Atule mate (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833). Decapterus lundini—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Caranx lundini, Schultz, 1943. Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Ruppell, 1830). Lalafutu, filu. Carangoides dinema (Bleeker, 1851). A specimen was handlined from 80 m. Carangoides ferdau (Forsskal, 1775). Carangoides ferdau—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. As Caranx ferdau and C. gilberti, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as C. ferdu, Schultz, 1943. Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley, 1934). Caranx plumbeus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Caranx armatus, Schultz, 1943. This species has been refer- red to as ciliaris which is a nomen dubium (Williams et al. 1980). Carangoides orthogrammus Jordan and Gilbert, 1881. Junior synonyms are jordani, nitidus, and the subspecies gym- nostethoides evermanni. (ANSP 144898.) Carangoides plagiotaenia (Bleeker, 1857). Williams lists this as the ‘‘probable’’ identity for the Samoan specimen he examined. Junior synonyms include vomerinus, compressus, and brevicarinatus. Caranx ignobilis (Forsskal, 1775). Sapo’anae. Caranx ignobilis (part) and C. marginatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Caranx lugubris Poey, 1861. Tafauli. Caranx adscensionis—Schultz, 1943. Caranx melampygus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833. Malauli-apamoana, atugaloloa. Caranx melampygos—Schmeltz, 1879. Caranx papuensis Alleyne and Macleay, 1877. Malauli-sinasama. Caranx ignobilis (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825. matalapo’a. Caranx hippos—Gunther, 1876. As C. forsteri, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833). Atuleau, namuauli. Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851. Atuleau, namuauli. Most recent authors have misapplied the name /ajang to this species according to Smith-Vaniz. Elegatis bipinnulatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Samani. Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskal, 1775). Lupovai (juveniles). Caranx speciosus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Caranx speciosus, Schultz, 1943. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758). Atualo. Caranx rottleri—Gunther, 1876. Scomberoides lysan (Forsskal, 1775). Lai. Chorinemus toloo—Schmeltz, 1866. As Scomberoides sancti-petri, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Malauli- 15 Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793). Nato (<10 cm TL), atule (10-20 cm TL), taupapa (>20 cm TL). Caranx crumenophthalmus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Trachurops crumenophthalma, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as 7: crumenophthalmus, Schultz, 1943. Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810). Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833. Tafala, palu-kata, tavai. This identification was confirmed by Smith-Vaniz. (ANSP 145118.) Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepéde, 1802). Lalafutu, lai. Tachynotus bailloni—Gunther, 1876. Trachinotus blochii (Lacepéde, 1802). Alalafutu, lalafutu. Trachynotus ovatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Trachinotus ovatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Uraspis secunda (Poey, 1860). Malauli-gutupa’e, lufi. Coryphaenidae (Dolphins) Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758. Masimasi. Coryphaena hippurus—Schultz, 1943. Leiognathidae (Ponyfishes) Ponyfishes are known as mumu in Samoa. Gazza minuta (Bloch, 1795). Gazza equuliformis—Borodin, 1932. *Leiognathus equula (Forsskal, 1775). Equula edentula—Steindachner, 1906. This species is recorded only from Upolu. Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacepéde, 1803). Equula filigera—Schmeltz, 1865. Bramidae (Pomfrets) Taractichthys longipinnis (Lowe, 1843). Manifi-moana. This is a pelagic species commonly caught by tuna longline vessels and occasionally by local handline fishermen in deep water. Caesionidae (Fusiliers) Members of this family, known as atule-toto or ulisega, occupy the midwater habitat and seldom take a baited hook. They are, thus, difficult to collect except by a diver with a spear which ex- plains why only two species were previously recorded from Samoa. Gerald R. Allen confirmed the identifications. Caesio caerulaureus Lacepede, 1801. Caesio caerulaureus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Caesio xanthonotus Bleeker, 1853. Caesio erythrogaster—Schmeltz, 1869. Pterocaesio chrysozona (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Pterocaesio kohleri Schultz in Schultz et al., 1953. Pterocaesio tile (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Lutjanidae (Snappers) The general name for shallow water snappers in Samoa is mi. Large, deepwater species are known as palu. Sixteen of the 17 new records for this family were taken by local handline fishermen in relatively deep water (>100 m). Aphareus furcatus (Lacepéde, 1801). Palu-aloalo. Aphareus rutilans Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830. Palu-gutusiliva, palu-sina, palu-makomako. Aprion virescens Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830. Asoama, utu. Aprion virescens—Schultz, 1943. Etelis carbunculus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828. Palu-malau. Anderson (1981) concluded that marshi is a synonym. Etelis coruscans Valenciennes, 1862. Palu-loa, palu-malau, palu- atu. Etelis radiosus Anderson, 1981. This recently described species is caught less frequently in Samoa than the other two members of the genus. Its ap- pearance is similar to coruscans though the caudal fin lobes are shorter and the gill rakers more numerous. Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal, 1775). Mu-taiva. Mesoprion gembra—Schmeltz, 1869. As Lutianus argentimaculatus and L. lineatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as L. argentimaculatus, Schultz, 1943. *Lutjanus biguttatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Mesoprion bleekeri—Schmeltz, 1869. Lutjanus bohar (Forsskal, 1775). Mii, miu-a'a (dark phase), mu-mea (red phase). Lutianus bohar—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Lutianus bohar, Schultz, 1943. *Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskal, 1775). Mesoprion fulviflamma—Schmeltz, 1874. Lutjanus fulvus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Tamala, taiva. Genyoroge marginata—Schmeltz, 1865. As Lutianus marginatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as L. vaigiensis, Schultz, 1943. a Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskal, 1775). Mala'i. Genyoroge bottonensis—Schmeltz, 1869. As Lutianus gibbus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskal, 1775). Savane. Diacope octolineata—Schmeltz, 1865. As Lutianus kasmira, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828). Taiva, feloitega. Lutianus monostigma—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Lutianus monostigma, Schultz, 1943. Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828). Mu-mafalaugutu. Genyoroge rivulata—Schmeltz, 1877. As Lutianus rivulatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schuitz, 1943. Lutjanus rufolineatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Savane-ulasama. Lutjanus sanguineus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828. Mala‘i-pa’epa’e. Macolor niger (Forsskal, 1775). Matala’oa. Mesoprion macolor—Giunther, 1873. As Lutianus niger, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Paracaesio kusakarii Abe, 1960. Palu-tuauli, mu-sina. This species was identified by William D. Anderson, Jr. (GMBL 76-418.) 16 Paracaesio sordidus Abe and Shinohara, 1962. (GMBL 81-64.) Paracaesio xanthurus Bleeker, 1875. Palu-tuasama, palu-tua- vela. (GMBL 77-258.) Paracaesio sp. Palu-mutu. One specimen, 440 mm SL; handlined from relatively deep water. Dorsal X,10; anal III,8; pectoral 16; gill rakers 10+ 1+17=28; lateral line pores 48. No scales on maxillary. Body pale with four triangular-shaped, olive-colored saddles on back, lateral line also olive-colored; head pale, darker dorsally; dorsal fin and ventral portion of caudal pale yellow, remaining fins pale with a dusky tinge. P. Fourmanoir believes this to be an undescribed species. He has also seen specimens from Fiji and Vanuatu (New Hebrides). (GMBL 81-65.) Pristipomoides amoenus (Snyder, 1911). Palu-tusimoana, palu- ula, palu-sega. Harry T. Kami identified the specimen. Pristipomoides auricilla (Jordan, Evermann and Tanaka, 1927). Palu-i'usama, palwu-ave. Pristipomoides filamentosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Val- enciennes, 1830). Palu-ena’ena, palu-sina, palu-pa‘epa’e. Pristipomoides flavipinnis Shinohara, 1963. Palu-sina, palu- pa’epa’e. Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1870). Palu-sina-ugatele, palu- sina, palu-pa’epa’e. A specimen was identified by Harry T. Kami. Pristipomoides zonatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Palu-sega, palu-ula. Nemipteridae (Monocle Breams) * Pentapodus caninus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Heterognathodon xanthopleura—Schmeltz, 1865. Pentapodus sp. Tivao-sugale. Barry C. Russell believes Samoan specimens represent a new species. (BPBM 24120, WAM P26987-001.) *Scolopsis cancellatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Scolopsis cancellatus—Schmeltz, 1869. As S. lineata, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Jordan and Seale based their record of this species on Gunther’s (1874) record. Scolopsis trilineatus Kner, 1868. Tivao. Scolopsis trilineatus—Kner, 1868. Gerreidae (Mojarras) The general name for members of this family is matu. The three species which were not collected during the present study are recorded only from Western Samoa where their preferred habitat (shallow brackish or freshwater) is much more extensive. *Gerres kapas Bleeker, 1851. Gerres kapas—Fowler, 1929. *Gerres macrosoma Bleeker, 1854. Gerres macrosoma—Steindachner, 1906. As Xystaema macrosoma, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Jordan and Seale based their Samoan record on that of Kner (1868). Gerres oblongus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830. Matu-loa. Gerres macrosoma—Kner, 1868. As Xystaema gigas, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Gerres oyena (Forssk&l, 1775). Gerres argyreus—Schmeltz, 1865. *Gerres setifer (Buchanan-Hamilton, 1822). Gerres lucidus—Borodin, 1932. Haemulidae (Grunts and Sweetlips) Plectorhynchus nigrus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Diagramma gibbosus—Hombron and Jacquinot, 1853. As Euelatichthys crassispinus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Plectorhinchus nigrus, Schultz, 1943. Plectorhynchus orientalis (Bloch, 1793). Mutumutu, ava’ava- moana. Diagramma lessonii—Schmeltz, 1866. As Plectorhinchus diagrammus, Schultz, 1943. Plectorhynchus punctatissimus (Playfair, 1867). I'amai-moana. Plectorhynchus chaetodonoides—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Juveniles are sometimes referred to as picus according to R. J. McKay. Lethrinidae (Emperors) Juvenile emperors <15 cm TL are referred to as mata’ele’ele. Those 15-30 cm TL are ulamalosi, and individuals >30 cm TL are called filoa. Torao Sato, who has recently (1978) revised Lethrinus, assisted with the identification of members of this genus. Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacepéde, 1803). Mumu, tolai. Pentapus aurolineatus—Gunther, 1874. As Gnathodentex aurolineatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Gymnocranius lethrinoides (Bleeker, 1849). Filoa-mu. Gymnocranius rivulatus (Ruppell, 1835). Filoa-gutupu’u. This species was identified by P. Fourmanoir who states that robinsoni is a junior synonym. It is caught in deep water. Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker, 1854. Filoa-gutumumu. Lethrinus amboinensis—Schultz, 1943. Lethrinus elongatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830. Filoa-va'a, filoa-ava. Lethrinus miniatus—Gunther, 1874. As Lethrinella miniata, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Lethrinus miniatus, Schultz, 1943. John E. Randall has recent- ly discovered that miniatus is the senior synonym for the species currently known as chrysostomus. Lethrinus harak (Forsskal,-1775). Filoa-vai. Lethrinus harak and L. bonhamensis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Lethrinus kallopterus Bleeker, 1856. Filoa-apamumu. Lethrinus amboinensis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Lethrinus mahsena (Forsskal, 1775). Filoa-ulumato. Lethrinus mahsena—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal, 1775). Ulusa’o, mulogo. Lethrinus nebulosus—Schmeltz, 1879. Lethrinus fraenatus is a junior synonym. Lzthrinus ramak (Forsskal, 1775). Lauloa. Lethrinus ramak—Gunther, 1874. Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato, 1978. Filoa-pa’s’omumu, filoa- ulutele. Lethrinus moensii—Gunther, 1874. Though only recently described, this species is common in Samoa. Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskal, 1775). Ma-matavaivai, matamu (<15 cm TL), matamatamu (>15 cm TL), loalia. 17 Sphaerodon grandoculis—Gunther, 1874. Wattsia mossambicus (Smith, 1957). Filoa-mutumutu. Mullidae (Goatfishes) Mulloides flavolineatus (Lacepéde, 1801). Vasina (< 8 cm TL), vete, afulu, afolu. Mulloides samoensis—Gunther, 1874. As Mulloides samoensis, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Mulloidichthys samoensis, Schultz, 1943. Mulloides vanicolensis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, 1831). I’asima (<8 cm TL), vete, afulu, afolu. Mulloides vanicolensis—Schmeltz, 1866. As Mulloides auriflamma, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Mulloidichthys auriflamma, Schultz, 1943. Parupeneus barberinoides (Bleeker, 1852). Tulausaena, ta’uleia. Upeneus atrocingulatus—Steindachner, 1870. As Pseudupeneus atrocingulatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepéde, 1801). Tusia. Upeneus barberinus—Gunther, 1874. As Pseudupeneus barberinus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepéde, 1801). Mattilau-moana. Upeneus bifasciatus—Gunther, 1874. As Pseudupeneus bifasciatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Parupeneus chryserydros (Lacepéde, 1801). Moana. Upeneus cyclostoma—Schmeltz, 1866. As Pseudupeneus chryserydros and P. cyclostomus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803). Ta’uleia. Upeneus indicus—Gunther, 1874. As Pseudupeneus indicus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Paru- peneus malabaricus, Schultz, 1943. Parupeneus pleurospilos (Bleeker, 1853). Moana-ula, vete-mu. This species generally occurs at depths beyond 25 m. Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1830). Matulau-ilamutu. Parupeneus porphyreus (Jenkins, 1903). Parupeneus porphyreus—Helfrich et al., 1975. Paul Guézé writes that two different species carry this name. One is considered a Hawaiian endemic by John E. Randall; the other has an Indo-Pacific distribution. The latter is not a com- mon species in Samoa. It was observed by the author only in the vicinity of the fuel dock in Pago Pago Bay. Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacepéde, 1801). Mattlau, moana. Upeneus trifasciatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Pseudupeneus moana, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Upeneus taeniopterus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829. Ula’oa. Paul Guézé has found arge to be a synonym. Upeneus vittatus Lacepéde, 1801. Ula’oa. Upeneoides vittatus—Schmeltz, 1865. Monodactylidae (Silver Batfishes) Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758). Vavale, valevale. Psettus argenteus—Schmeltz, 1869. Pempherididae (Sweepers) Pempheris mangula Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829. Manifi. Pempheris mangula—Fowler, 1931b. Pempheris oualensis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Manifi. Pempheris mangula—Gunther, 1875. As P. otaitensis, Schultz, 1943. Kyphosidae (Rudderfishes) *Kyphosus bigiibus (Lacepéde, 1802). Pimelepterus fuscus—Kner, 1868. The only Samoan record of this species is Kner’s from “Savay.”’ Kyphosus_ cinerascens (Forsskal, 1775). Nanue, - mata-mutu (Manu’a Islands), mutumutu. Kyphosus vaigiensis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Pimelepterus waigiensis—Schmeltz, 1874. Ephippididae (Spadefishes) *Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758). Drepane punctata—Schmeltz, 1869. Platax orbicularis (Forsskal, 1775). Pe'ape’a (<10 cm TL), pe’ape’a-uli (>10 cm TL). Platax orbicularis—Schmeltz, 1866. Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes) The general name for butterflyfishes in Samoa is tifitifi. Chaetodon auriga Forsskal, 1775. Si’u, i/usamasama. Chaetodon setifer—Schmeltz, 1869. As C. setifer, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi-lega. Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi-moamanu (Am. Samoa), tifitifi-muamai (W. Samoa). Chaetodon citrinellus—Schmeltz, 1865. Fowler’s (1928) Samoan record of miliaris probably belongs to this species as miliaris is known only from Hawaii. Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi-tuauli. Chaetodon ephippium—Schmeltz, 1869. Chaetodon flavirostris Gunther, 1874. A single specimen was speared at Rose Island and identified by John E. Randall. (BPBM 27779.) Chaetodon kleinii Bloch, 1790. Chaetodon kleinii—Fowler and Bean, 1929. Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi-laui’a. Chaetodon lineolatus—Gunther, 1874. Chaetodon lunula (Lacepéde, 1802). Tifitifi-laumea. Chaetodon lunula—Schmeltz, 1866. Chaetodon melannotus Bloch and Schneider, 1801. pa’ipa’i (Am. Samoa), tifitifi-laumoli (W. Samoa). Chaetodon dorsalis—Schmeltz, 1865. Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi-sega‘ula. Chaetodon mertensi—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi- 'ava'ava. Chaetodon ornatissimus—Schmeltz, 1866. Tifitifi- 18 Chaetodon pelewensis Kner, 1867. Tifitifi-tusiloloa. Chaetodon pelewensis—Schmeltz, 1869. Chaetodon quadrimaculatus Gray, 1831. Tifitifi-segasega. Chaetodon quadrimaculatus—Gunther, 1874. Chaetodon rafflesii Bennett, 1830. Tifitifi-pule. Chaetodon rafflesi—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi-maono. Chaetodon reticulatus—Schmeltz, 1866. Chaetodon semeion Bleeker, 1855. Tifitifi-si'o. Chaetodon semeion—Schmeltz, 1866. Chaetodon trifascialis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Tifitifi-sae'u. Chaetodon strigangulus—Schmeltz, 1869. As Megaprotodon trifascialis, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as M. strigangulus, Schultz, 1943. Chaetodon trifasciatus Mungo Park, 1797. Tifitifi-manifi. Chaetodon trifasciatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Tifitifi-gutu’ uli. Chaetodon falcula—Schmeltz, 1869. As C. falcula, Schultz, 1943. Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch, 1787. Tifitifi-pulesama. Chaetodon unimaculatus—Schmeltz, 1865. Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758. Tifitifi-matapua’a. Chaetodon vagabundus—Schmeltz, 1866. Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan and McGregor, 1898. Gutumanu. Forcipiger longirostris (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet, 1782). Gutumanu. Forcipiger longirostris—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. Both normal and dark color phases have been collected. Hemitaurichthys polylepis (Bleeker, 1857). Alosina. Hemitaurichthys thompsoni Fowler, 1923. This uncommon species was observed along the edge of the drop-off at Steps Point and on the outer edge of Nafanua Bank. Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Laulaufau-laumea. Heniochus macrolepidotus—Schmeltz, 1866. Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Laulaufau-laumea. Heniochus chrysostoma—Schmeltz, 1874. As H. permutatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Heniochus monoceros Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Laulaufau-laumea. Heniochus monoceros—Schmeltz, 1866. Heniochus singularis Smith and Radcliffe, 1911. Heniochus varius (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Laulaufau-laumea. Heniochus varius—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes) Members of this family are referred to as tu’u’u in Samoa which is the same general name used for damselfishes. Centropyge aurantius Randall and Wass, 1974. Centropyge aurantius—Randall and Wass, 1974. Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787). Tu’u'u-matamalu. Holacanthus bicolor—Schmeltz, 1866. Centropyge bispinosus (Gunther, 1860). Tu’u’u-alomu. Holacanthus bispinosus—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. As Holacanthus bispinosus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Centropyge flavicauda Fraser-Brunner, 1933. Tu’u’u-uluvela. Centropyge flavissimus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831). Tu'u'u-sama, tu’u’u-lega. Holacanthus cyanotus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Holacanthus flavissimus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Centropyge heraldi Woods and Schultz in Schultz et al., 1953. Tu'u'u-atugauli. Samoan specimens do not show the normal color pattern. The distal half of the soft dorsal is abruptly black instead of uniformly yellow. Centropyge loriculus (Gunther, 1874). Tu’u’u-tusiuli. Centropyge multifasciatus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911). Tu'u'u-manini. Centropyge multifasciatus—Smith-Vaniz and Randall, 1974. Holacanthus trimaculatus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787). Tu’u'u-vaolo (juvenile, Am. Samoa), tu’u’u-nuanua (juvenile, W. Samoa), tu’u’u- moana (adult). Holacanthus nicobariensis—Schmeltz, 1866. As Holacanthus nicobariensis, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Fowler and Bean’s (1929) record of Pomacanthus semicir- culatus probably belongs to this species. Pygoplites diacanthus (Boddaert, 1772). Tu’u’u-moana. Holacanthus diacanthus—Schmeltz, 1866. Cichlidae (Tilapia) Tilapia mossambica (Peters, 1852). This is a fresh and brackish water species native to east Africa. It was introduced several years ago and is plentiful in the swam- py areas on Aunu’u Island. Pomacentridae (Damselfishes) The general name for damselfishes is tu’u’u. Abudeefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830.) Mutu. Abudeefduf septemfasciatus—Steindachner, 1906. Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepéde, 1801). Mamo. Glyphidodon coelestinus—Schmeltz, 1874. As Abudefduf coelestinus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskal, 1775). Mutu. Glyphidodon sordidus—Gunther, 1881. Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Mamo. Glyphidodon coelestinus var. waigiensis—Schmeltz, 1866. As Abudefduf saxatilis, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Amblyglyphidodon curacao (Bloch, 1787). Amblyglyphidodon curacao—Allen, 1975. This species was not observed by the author. Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (Bleeker, 1847). Tu’u'u-mamo. Chromis analis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Abudefduf curacao, Schultz, 1943. Amphiprion chrysopterus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830. Tu’u’u-lumane. Amphiprion chrysopterus—Allen, 1975. Amphiprion melanopus Bleeker, 1852. Tu'u’u-lumane. Amphiprion ephippium var. melanopus—Gunther, 1881. Allen (1978) considered rubrocinctus to be a color variation of this species. 19 Amphiprion perideraion Bleeker, 1855. Tu'u’u-lumane. Chromis acares Randall and Swerdloff, 1973. Tu’u’u-fo. Chromis acares—Randall and Swerdloff, 1973. Chromis agilis Smith, 1960. Chromis amboinensis (Bleeker, 1873). Tu'u'u-palevai. Chromis amboinensis—Allen, 1975. Chromis atripectoralis Welander and Schultz, 1951. Tu’u’u-segasega. Chromis caeruleus—Seale, 1935. Chromis caerulea (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). I’alanumoana, tu’u’u-segasega. Heliastes lepidurus—Schmeltz, 1866. Chromis iomelas Jordan and Seale, 1906. Tu’u’u-i’usina. Chromis iomelas—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As C. dimidiatus, Schultz, 1943. Chromis margaritifer Fowler, 1946. Tu’u’u-i’usina. Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856). Chromis ternatensis—Steindachner, 1906. Chromis vanderbilti (Fowler, 1941). Tu’u'u-f6. Chromis weberi Fowler and Bean, 1928. Chromis xanthura (Bleeker, 1854). Tu’u‘u-i'usina. Chromis sp. ‘‘A’’. This species is recorded from Samoa by Allen (1975) who label- ed it Chromis sp. ‘‘A’’. Chrysiptera biocellata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Tu’u’u-ulavapua. Glyphidodon antjerius—Schmeltz, 1866. As Abudefduf antjerius and A. zonatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as A. biocellatus and A. zonatus, Schultz, 1943. Chrysiptera caeruleolineata (Allen, 1973). Glyphidodontops caeruleolineatus—Allen, 1975. Chrysiptera cyanea (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Tu’u’u-mo’o, vaiuli-sama. Glyphidodon azureus and G. uniocellatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Abudefduf taupou and A. uniocellatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as A. faupou, Schultz, 1943. Chrysiptera glauca (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830). Glyphidodon modestus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Abudefduf glaucus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Chrysiptera leuacopoma (Lesson 1830). Tu‘u'u-tulisegasega (blue and yellow phase), tu’u’u-alamu (brown phase). Glyphidodon leucopoma—Giunther, 1881. As Abudefduf amabilis and A. leucopomus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Chrysiptera tricincta (Allen and Randall, 1974). Glyphidodontops tricinctus—Allen and Randall, 1974. Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mamo. Dascyllus aruanus—Schmeltz, 1866. Dascyllus reticulatus (Richardson, 1846). Tu'u'u-koko. Dascyllus trimaculatus (Ruppell, 1828). Tu’u'u-pulelua. Dascyllus trimaculatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Lepidozygus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1856). Neopomacentrus metallicus (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Tu’u'u-segi, pipi. Abudefduf metallicus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Abudefduf filamentosus, Schultz, 1943. Plectroglyphidodon dickii (Liénard, 1839). Tu‘u'u-i’usina. Glyphidodon unifasciatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Abudefduf dicki, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as A. dickii, Schultz, 1943. Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis (Vaillant and Sauvage, 1875). Abudefduf imparipennis—Schultz, 1943. This species was collected only at Rose Island. Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler and Ball, 1924. Tu'u’u-i’uuli. Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Tu'u’u-lau, i‘usamasama. Glyphidodon lacrymatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Abudefduf lacrymatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943, Plectroglyphidodon si‘ugutusina. Abudefduf behnii—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Abudefduf behnii, Schultz, 1943. leucozona (Bleeker, 1859). Tu’u'u- Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis (Schultz, 1943). Tu'u'u-popouli. Abudefduf phoenixensis—Schultz, 1943. Pomacentrus brachialis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830. Tu’'u'u-faga. Pomacentrus melanopterus—Jordan and Seale, Schultz, 1943. Pomacentrus coelestis Jordan and Starks, 1901. Tu’u’u-segasega. Pomacentrus pavo (Bloch, 1787). Tu’u'u-segasega, teatea. Pomacentrus pavo—Schmeltz, 1869. Pomacentrus vaiuli Jordan and Seale, 1906. Tu’u'u-vaiuli. Pomacentrus vaiuli—Jordan and Seale, 1906. 1906 and Pomachromis richardsoni (Snyder, 1909). Tu’u'u-malaumataputa. Pomachromis richardsoni—Allen, 1975. Stegastes albifasciatus (Schlegel and Muller, 1839-44). Tu'u'u-pa, ulavapua. Pomacentrus albofasciatus—Schmeltz, 1877. As Pomacentrus albofasciatus and P. eclipticus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as P. albofasciatus, Schultz, 1943. Stegastes faciolatus (Ogilby, 1889). Tu’u'u-palea. Pomacentrus inornatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Pomacentrus inornatus, Schultz, 1943. Pomacentrus Jenkinsi is a common synonym. Stegastes lividus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Tu’u'u-moi. Glyphisodon cyanospilus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Pomacentrus lividus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Stegastes nigricans (Lacepéde, 1803). Tu'u’u-moi. Pomacentrus scolopsis—Schmeltz, 1866. As Pomacentrus nigricans, Jordan and Seale, Schultz, 1943. 1906 and Cirrhitidae (Hawkfishes) Amblycirrhitus bimacula (Jenkins, 1903). La’o. Paracirrhites bimacula—Schultz, 1943. Amblycirrhitus unimacula (Kamohara, 1957). La’o. John E. Randall confirmed the identification of this species which was previously known only from the Ryukyu Islands and southern Taiwan (Randall 1963a). (BPBM 22723.) Cirrhitichthys falco Randall, 1963. La’o-gatala. Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Ulutu’i. Cirrhites punctatus—Kner, 1868. As Cirrhitus marmoratus and Paracirrhites punctatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Neocirrhites armatus Castelnau, 1873. This fish commonly occurs within coral (Poci/lopora) heads at shallow depths along exposed portions of the Tutuila coastline. 20 Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Lausiva. Cirrhites arcatus—Kner, 1868. As Amblycirrhites arcatus, Schultz, 1943. Paracirrhites forsteri (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Lausiva. Cirrhites forsteri—Kner, 1868. Paracirrhites hemistictus (Gunther, 1874). Lausiva, a’a. Amblycirrhites hemistictus and A. polystictus—Schultz, 1943. Mugilidae (Mullets) The general name for mullet in Samoa is ‘anae and it is usually applied to fishes measuring 2040 cm TL. Other names are moi K 5 cm TL), poi (5-8 cm TL), aua (8-12 cm TL), fuafua (12-15 cm TL), popoto or manase (15-20 cm TL), and afomatua (>40 cm TL). J. M. Thomson confirmed some of the identifications and furnished most of the synonyms. Chaenomusgil leuciscus (Gunther, 1871). Neomyxus chaptali—Fowler and Sylvester, 1922. Thomson writes that the type of chaptalii is a juvenile Mugil cephalus so the species generally referred to as chaptalii is cor- rectly known as /euciscus. Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskal, 1775). Mugil crenilabis—Schultz, 1943. Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1849). Mugil compressus—Gunther, 1881. As Liza troscheli, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Mugil troscheli, Schultz, 1943. Schultz (1943) also synonymized Agonostomus dorsalis, which was described from Samoa, with this species. Liza subviridis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836). Mugil argenteus—Schmeltz, 1869. As Mugil argenteus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Liza vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). Fuitogo (<10 cm TL), 'afa (10-25 cm TL), and ‘anaeafa (>25 cm TL). Mugil waigiensis—Steindachner, 1906. As Liza melinoptera, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Mugil vaigiensis, Schultz, 1943. Valamugil engeli (Bleeker, 1858). Mugil kellartiiSteindachner, 1906. As Mugil caldwelli, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as M. engeli, Schultz, 1943. Mugil rechingeri, which was described from Samoa, is also a synonym. Valamugil seheli (Forsskal, 1775). Musgil axillaris—Gunther, 1877. As Liza caeruleomaculata, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Mugil seheli, Schultz, 1943. Sphyraenidae (Barracudas) Barracudas are known as sapatu in Samoa. Donald P. de Sylva confirmed the identifications. Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum, 1792). Saosao (large indivi- duals). Sphyraena snodgrassi—Schultz, 1943. Sphyraena flavicauda Ruppell, 1835. Sphyraena obtusata—Jordan and Seale, 1906. y Sphyraena forsteri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Sphyraena forsteri—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Sphyraena helleri Jenkins, 1901. Sphyraena helleri—Schultz, 1943. de Sylva believes this species may prove to be a synonym of acutipinnis. Sphyraena genie Klunzinger, 1870. Polynemidae (Threadfins) In American Samoa these fishes are known as ‘umi'umia when less than about 15 cm TL and i’ausi when larger. The name ‘umi’umia is used for all sizes in Western Samoa. Polynemus plebeius Broussonet, 1782. Polynemus taeniatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Polydactylus plebeius, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Polynemus sexfilis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. Polydactylus sexfilis—Schultz, 1943. Labridae (Wrasses) Wrasses are generally called sugale. John E. Randall identified or confirmed the author’s identifications for most of the new records. He also examined the unidentified specimens. Anampses caeruleopunctatus Ruppell, 1828. Sugale-mafalaugutu. Anampses coeruleopunctatus—Schmeltz, 1865. As A. caeruleopunctatus and A. diadematus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Anampses diadematus refers to the terminal male color phase (Randall i972). Anampses melanurus Bleeker, 1857. Anampses melanurus—Gunther, 1881. Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839. Sugale-tatanu (initial color phase). Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856. Sugale-tatanu. Bodianus anthioides (Bennett, 1831). A single specimen was collected at Rose Atoll. (BPBM 27986.) Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, 1831). Sugale-vaolo. Bodianus diana (Lacepéde, 1801). Bodianus loxozonus (Snyder, 1908). Sugale-a'a. Cheilinus arenatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840). (BPBM 24119.) Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch, 1791). Lalafi-matapua’a. Cheilinus chlorusus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Thalliurus chlorurus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Cheilinus digrammus (Lacepéde, 1801). Lalafi-gutu’umi. Chilinus radiatus—Giunther, 1881. As Cheilinus digrammus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1791). Lalafi-pulepule. Cheilinus fasciatus—Schmeltz, 1866. Cheilinus orientalis Gunther, 1862. A single specimen was collected at 70 m and identified by Mar- tin F. Gomon. (BPBM 24117.) Cheilinus oxycephalus Bleeker, 1853. Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepéde, 1801. Lalafi-matamumu. Cheilinus trilobatus—Schmeltz, 1869. Cheilinus undulatus Ruppell, 1835. Lalafi (<30 cm TL), tagafa (30-75 cm TL), and malakea (>75 cm TL). Cheilinus undulatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Cheilinus unifasciatus Streets, 1877. Lalafi. Cheilinus unifasciatus—Schultz, 1943. This species has been misidentified as rhodochrous by most authors. Randall has found that rhodochrous is an Indian Ocean species different from the Pacific unifasciatus. Cheilio inermis (Forsskal, 1775). Sugale-mo’o. Cheilio inermis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Choerodon jordani (Snyder, 1909). Cirrhilabrus sp. This is the color form mentioned by Randall and Shen (1978) which may be a geographic variant of their melanomarginatus. Samoan specimens have a reddish blotch laterally behind the pectoral fin, a spiny dorsal with a dark blue band marginally which slants to the dorsal axil posteriorly and a soft dorsal with a yellow-orange margin. In the largest specimen (104 mm SL), the blue dorsal band terminates at the second soft dorsal ray. The anal of this specimen is flesh colored with a dark blue blotch basally on the last four rays. The anal of smaller specimens is largely dark blue with a flesh colored base. (BPBM 17461, 24124.) Cirrhilabrus sp. Three specimens, 36-46 mm SL; collected at 12 m. Dorsal XI,9; anal IJI,9; pectoral 15; lateral line pores 15 or 16+6 or 7 =21-23. Body and head dusky pink paling to yellow dorsally and to white ventrally; pectoral base dark brown and one or two dark brown specks on upper half of caudal peduncle; dor- sal yellow orange, membrane between first three spines dark brown; anal pinkish orange; caudal yellow. Randall writes that the species ‘‘seems to be in the femminckii complex.” It was observed only within the lagoon at Rose Atoll where it is abun- dant. (BPBM 27780.) Cirrhilabrus sp. Four specimens, 24-72 mm SL; collected at 50-70 m. Dorsal X1,9; anal III,9; pectoral 15; lateral line pores 17 + 7 = 24; gill rakers 18; predorsal scales 5. Caudal rounded; pelvics of largest specimen long, extending to base of 4th anal ray when de- pressed. Two scale rows on cheek; the largest specimen has 1 (right) and 3 (left) scales on either side in the upper row and 9 or 10 scales in the lower row which continues on up to a point directly posterior to the middle of the eye; the smaller specimens (all< 33 mm) have 4 to 6 scales in the upper row and 5 to 8 scales in the lower row which is restricted to below the level of the eye. Color of largest specimen: body pink with faint purple lines along centers of scale rows; head purple with two greenish yellow lines through eye, yellow dots on lower part of head and breast, upper part of head and nape greenish yellow; distal half of dorsal red, then a thin dusky blue line and a yellow-pink base, a dusky spot at base of first two dorsal spines; anal dusky yellow with purple mottling; caudal yellow with two purple crescents; pelvics dusky. Color of smaller specimens: body and lower portion of head pink; snout and nape greenish yellow; dorsal yellow, spiny dorsal with a red band distally and a dusky spot at base of first two spines; a dusky spot on upper caudal peduncle; anal and caudal mostly yellow. (BPBM 20000, 20003, 24124.) Coris aygula Lacepéde, 1801. Sugale-uluto’i (terminal male). Coris cingulum—Schmeltz, 1874. As C. angulata, Schultz, 1943. Coris gaimard (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). Sugale-mumu, sugale- tala’ula. Coris pulcherrima—Schmeltz, 1874. As Julis greenovii and J. pulcherrima, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Coris gaimard and C. greenovi, Schultz, 1943. Coris greenovi has long been applied to the juvenile color phase. Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770). Lapega (Am. Samoa), si‘umutu (W. Samoa), lalafi-tua’au. Epibulis insidiator—Schmeltz, 1866. Gomphosus varius Lacepéde, 1801. Gutusi'o, gutu’umi, sugale- lupe. Gomphosus cepedianus—Schmeltz, 1865. As G. varius and G. tricolor, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Gomphosus tricolor has been applied to the ter- minal male color phase. Halichoeres biocellatus Schultz in Schultz et al., 1960. Halichoeres hartzfeldii (Bleeker, 1852). Sugale-tatanu. Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepéde, 1801). Sugale-a’au, sugale- pagota, ifigi. Halichoeres centrinquadra—Steindachner, 1906. As Halichoeres centiquadrus and H. notopthalmus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as H. centriquadrus and H. notopthalmus, Schultz, 1943. Halichoeres margaritaceus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, 1839). Sugale-uluvela. Halichoeres pseudominiatus—Schmeltz, 1865. As H. daeldalma and H. opercularis, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Halichoeres marginatus Ruppell, 1835. Sugale-lalafi. Platyglossus marginatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Platyglossus marginatus and P. notopsus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Halichoeres marginatus and H. notopsus, Schultz, 1943. Halichoeres melanurus (Bleeker, 1851). Platyglossus kallochroma—Schmeltz, 1869. As Platyglossus flos-corallis and P. hoevenii, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Halichoeres hoevenii and H. kallochroma, Schultz, 1943. The initial phase is sometimes referred to as hoevenii and the terminal male as ka/llochroma (Randall 1980b). Halichoeres melasmapomus Randall, 1980. Halichoeres melasmapomus—Randall, 1980b. (BPBM 17552, 24112.) Halichoeres prosopeion (Bleeker, 1853). Halichoeres prosopeion—Randall, 1980b. Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834). Lape, sugale-pagota. Guntheria trimaculata—Schmeltz, 1865. Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792). Sugale-gutumafia. Hemigymnus fuliginosus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791). Sugale-laugutu, sugale- uli, sugale-aloa, sugale-lupe. Hemigymnus melanopterus—Schmeltz, 1869. Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepéde, 1802). Sugale-lape. Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot, 1847). Sugale-tafuti, atamamala. Thysanocheilus ornatus—Kner, 1864. As Labrichthys cyanotaenia, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. The terminal male phase has been referred to as cyanotaenia. Labroides bicolor Fowler and Bean, 1928. Sugale-i’usina. Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839). Sugale-mo ‘otai. Labroides dimidiatus—Gunther, 1881. Mature Samoan specimens exhibit two color phases. At shallow depths they show the normal pattern with a thin dark stripe beginning at the lips and continuing through the eye to the caudal, gradually broadening posteriorly to include all but 22 the dorsal and ventral edges of the caudal. At depths greater than about 10 m, however, the dark band becomes bright yellow under the soft dorsal through the basal portion of the caudal. Labroides rubrolabiatus Randall, 1958. Labroides rubrolabiatus—Reandall and Springer, 1975. Labropsis australis Randall, 1981. Labropsis australis—Randall, 1981. Labropsis xanthonota Randall, 1981. Labropsis xanthonota—Randall, 1981. Macropharyngodon meleagris (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, 1839). Sugale-puletasi. Platyglossus geoffroyii—Schmeltz, 1866. As Macropharyngodon meleagris and Leptojulis pardalis, Jor- dan and Seale, 1906 and as Macropharyngodon goeffroyi and Leptojulis pardalis, Schultz, 1943. The initial color phase has been referred to as pardalis. Macropharyngodon negrosensis Herre, 1932. Macropharyngodon negrosensis—Randall, 1978. Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepéde, 1801). Sugale-la’o (juve- nile), sugale-taili (adult), sugale-gasufi. Novacula vanicolensis—Schmeltz, 1866. As Novaculichthys kallosomus and N. taeniurus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Pseudocheilinus evanidus Jordan and Evermann, 1903. Sugale- tusitusi (Am. Samoa), sugale-manifi (W. Samoa). Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857). Sugale-tusitusi (Am. Samoa), sugale-manifi (W. Samoa). Pseudocheilinus psitticula—Schmeltz, 1869. Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins, 1900. Sugale-tusitusi (Am. Samoa), sugale-manifi (W. Samoa). Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt, 1930). Pseudocoris awayae is a junior synonym according to William F. Smith-Vaniz who is revising the genus with Randall. (ANSP 145970.) Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1839). Sugale-siva. Pseudojuloides cerasinus (Snyder, 1904). Pseudojuloides cerasinus—Randall and Randall, 1981. (BPBM 17541.) Pteragogus sp. One specimen, 37 mm SL. Dorsal X,10; anal III,9; pectoral 13; lateral line pores 16+ 2+8 = 26; gill rakers 3+1+5=9. Head and body orange with brown speckling dorsally; brown oval spot on operculum; dusky nostrils. This species will also be described by Randall (BPBM 24126.) Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker, 1851). Lape-a'au. Stethojulis axillaris—Schmeltz, 1866. As S. axillaris, Schultz, 1943. Randall and Kay (1974) have found that axillaris is a junior synonym of balteata, a species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands with an initial color phase similar to that of bandanensis. * Stethcjulis interrupta (Bleeker, 1851). Stethojulis interrupta—Schmeltz, 1869. Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett, 1832). Lape-a’au. Stethojulis strigiventer—Gunther, 1881. As S. renardi and S. strigiventer, Schultz, 1943. Randall (1955) has found that renardi represents the terminal color phase. Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Lape-a’au. Stethojulis casturi and S. phekadopleura—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As S. casturi, S. phekadopleura, and S. trilineata, Schultz, 1943. Stethojulis phekadopleura has been applied to the initial color phase and casturi to the terminal phase (Randall and Kay, 1974). Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856). Sugale-aloama. Julis melanochirus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Thalassoma marnae (juvenile color phase), Schultz, 1943. Thalassoma melanochir has been used for the adult phase. Thalassoma fuscum (Lacepéde, 1802). Uloulo-gatala (initial phase), pata’ota’o (terminal male). Julis trilobata—Schmeltz, 1866. As Thalassoma fuscum and T. umbrostigma (part), Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as TJ. trilobata and T: umbrostigma (part), Schultz, 1943. The initial color phase of this species is similar to that of purpureum and both have been labeled umbrostigma. Thalassoma hardwickei (Bennett, 1830). Sugale-a‘au, lape-ele’ele. Julis schwanfeldii—Schmeltz, 1869. As Thalassoma dorsale, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as T. hard- wicke and T. schwanenfeldii, Schultz, 1943. Thalassoma lutescens (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Sugale-samasama. Julis aneitensis—Gunther, 1909. Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskal, 1775). Uloulo-gatala (initial phase), patagaloa (terminal male). Thalassoma purpureum, T. cyanogaster, and T. umbrostigma (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As T. purpureum and T. umbrostigma (part), Schultz, 1943. Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Lape- moana. Julis gintheri—Schmeltz, 1866. As Thalassoma gintheri, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Wetmorella albofasciata Schultz and Marshall, 1954. La’ofia. (BPBM 28132.) Wetmorella nigropinnata (Seale, 1901). La’ofia. Xyrichtys aneitensis (Gunther, 1862). Sugale-tatanu (Am. Samoa), ulumalo (W. Samoa). Randall believes that niveilatus is a junior synonym. (BPBM 17455, 22717.) Xyrichtys celebicus (Bleeker, 1856). Sugale-tatanu (Am. Samoa), ulumalo (W. Samoa). Scaridae (Parrotfishes) Fuga is the general name for small to medium sized parrot- fishes. Reddish brown individuals are sometimes referred to as fugamea and greenish blue species are called fugausi. Larger in- dividuals are termed laea (20-50 cm TL) or galo (>50 cm TL). Because of the relative uniformity amongst the meristic and other characteristics (except live coloration) of parrotfishes, the tax- onomy of this family has long been confused. Initial and terminal color phases were usually assigned different names and numerous synonyms have accumulated over the years for most species. Underwater observations of courtship and reproductive behavior, color photographs of live and fresh-dead specimens, and extensive collection efforts, however, have resulted in considerable synonymy and revision beginning with the work of Schultz (1958) and continuing through the present. For many species, further study is still required. The list which follows reflects the current opinion of John E. Randall who also assisted with the identifica- tions. Included are the results of the study by Randall and Choat (1980) of central and South Pacific Scarus and the review by Ran- dall and Bruce (in press) of Western Indian Ocean parrotfishes. 23 Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1839). Uluto’i (<20 cm TL), laea-uluto’i (20-50 cm TL), galo uluto’i (>50 cm TL). Calotomus sandwicensis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1839). Fuga-valea. Callyodon molluccensis—Schmeltz, 1869. Callyodon spinidens is a junior synonym. Cetoscarus bicolor (Ruppell, 1829). Fuga-sina (juvenile), mamanu (initial phase, <25 cm TL), laea-mamanu (initial phase, >25 cm TL), laea-usi (terminal phase). Chlorurus bicolor—Schultz, 1958. Hipposcarus longiceps (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839). Ulapokea (<25 cm TL), laea-ulapokea (>25 cm TL). Pseudoscarus harid—Gunther, 1909. *Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). Scarichthys coeruleopunctatus—Schmeltz, 1874. Scarus atropectoralis Schultz, 1958. This species was observed only at Rose Atoll. Randall writes that Schultz (1969) incorrectly placed the species in synonymy with caudofasciatus, an Indian Ocean species. Scarus brevifilis (Gunther, 1909). Laea-sina. Callyodon prasiognathus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Scarus brevifilis and S. chlorodon, Schultz, 1958. The initial color phase has been referred to as brevifilis and the terminal phase as chlorodon. Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker, 1859. Fuga-alosama. Callyodon fumifrons (initial phase) and C. zonularis (terminal male)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Scarus caudofasciatus (terminal male) and S. dimidiatus (initial phase), Schultz, 1943. Scarus festivus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840. Scarus lunula is a synonym. Scarus frenatus Lacepede, 1802. Laea-mea (initial phase), laea- si‘umoana (terminal phase). Callyodon upolensis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Terminal males have been referred to as frenatus and ver- miculatus, and sexvittatus has been used for the initial color phase (Randall 1963b). Scarus frontalis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839. Callyodon latax—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Scarus jonesi, Schultz, 1943. Scarus ghobban (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-alova. Scarus maculosus—Schmeltz, 1865. Scarus gibbus Ruppell, 1828. Fugausi (<25 cm TL), laea (25-40 cm TL), ulumato (40-50 cm TL), galo (>50 cm TL). Scarus microcheilos —Schmeltz, 1865. As Callyodon ultramarinus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Scarus microrhinos, Schultz, 1943. Scarus globiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840. Scarus globiceps—Fowler, 1900. As Callyodon spilonotus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Scarus japanensis (Bloch, 1789). Fuga-si’'umu (initial phase), laea-ulusama (terminal phase). Callyodon abacurus and C. pyrrhurus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Scarus capistratoides is a junior synonym (Randall and Choat 1980). Scarus niger (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-pala (<25 cm TL), laea-pala (>25 cm TL). Callyodon niger—Steindachner, 1906. As Callyodon maoricus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Scarus nuchipunctatus, Schultz, 1943. Scarus oviceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839. Fuga-alosina (initial phase), laea-tuavela (terminal phase). Callyodon oviceps (initial phase) and C. /azulinus (terminal male)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Scarus oviceps and S. pectoralis (terminal male), Schultz, 1943. Scarus psitticus (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-matapua’a (<15 cm TL), fugausi-matapua’a (15-25 cm TL), laea-matapua’a (>25 cm i) Scarus viridis—Fowler, 1900. As Callyodon bataviensis (terminal male), Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Scarus forsteri, Schultz, 1943. Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1849. Laea-mea (initial phase), laea-mala (terminal phase). Pseudoscarus rubroviolaceus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Callyodon jordani (terminal male) and C. ruberrimus (in- itial phase), Jordan and Seale, 1906. Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861). Fuga-matapua’a (initial phase), laea-tusi (terminal phase). Scarus venosus is used by Schultz (1958) for the initial color phase (Randall and Choat 1980). Scarus sordidus (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-gutumu (initial phase), fugausi-tuavela or laea-tuavela (terminal phase). Pseudoscarus sumbavensis—Schmeltz, 1865. As Callyodon cyanogrammus (terminal male), C. purpureus (initial phase), and C. bennetti (initial phase), Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Scarus purpureus, Schultz, 1943. Scarus spinus (Kner, 1868). Fuga-a’au. Pseudoscarus spinus—Schmeltz, 1869. As Callyodon kelloggii (terminal male), Jordan and Seale, 1906. Randall and Choat (1980) concluded that formosus should be replaced by this name. Scarus tricolor Bleeker, 1847. Fuga-alomu (initial phase). Pseudoscarus cyanognathus—Schmeltz, 1879. Opistognathidae (Jawfishes) Previous to the collection of the specimens listed below, the easternmost record for this family in the central Pacific was New Caledonia. Both species will be described by William F. Smith- Vaniz in a forthcorming revision of Indo-Pacific jawfishes. Opistognathus sp. ‘*‘A’’. Seventeen specimens, 16-26 mm SL; collected at 31, 34, and 62 m. Body dusky yellow; head lighter, a brown bar crossing preoperculum behind eye and another below eye to top of max- illa, opercular edge bright yellow; fins dusky yellow, a large black ocellus between dorsal spines I and V. Smith-Vaniz writes that this species is known only from these specimens. (ANSP 133404, 133405.) Opistognathus sp. ‘‘B’’. Three specimens, one measured 29 mm SL; collected at 40 m. Body dusky yellow with two rows of pale roundish blotches, the upper row from nape to base of caudal and irregularly con- nected, the lower from pectoral axil to base of caudal and not connected; head of similar coloration with a brown blotch at posteriodorsal corner of eye more or less connected across the occiput with its fellow, another brown blotch at opposite cor- ner of eye extending across premaxilla and under tip of lower jaw; dark brown ocellus between dorsal spines III and VII. The known distribution of this species includes only Samoa and Borneo. (ANSP. 133406.) _ 24 Mugiloididae (Sandperches) Parapercis cephalopunctata (Seale, 1901). Ta’oto. Parapercis tetracanthus (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As P. tetracanthus, Schultz, 1943. Parapercis clathrata Ogilby, 1910. Ta‘oto. Percis tetracanthus—Kner and Steindachner, 1866. As Parapercis tetracanthus (part), Jordan and Seale, 1906. Parapercis sp. This species may be schauinslandi which is recorded only from the Hawaiian Islands. It is common on the sandy bottom seaward of Taema Bank at 35 m where it often shelters in dead and broken helmet shells, Cassis cornuta. (BPBM 24127.) Creediidae (Sand Burrowers) Chalixodytes tauensis Schultz, 1943. V'atolo. Chalixodytes tauensis—Schultz, 1943. Crystallodytes cookei Fowler, 1923. I'atolo. Crystallodytes cookei—Schultz, 1943. Limnichthys donaldsoni Schultz in Schultz et al., 1960. Vatolo. Uranoscopidae (Stargazers) Uranoscopus sulphurus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831. A single specimen of this rare species was collected at night on the reef flat at Nu’uuli. (BPBM 18729.) Blenniidae (Blennies) The general name for blennies in Samoa is mano’o. Bruce Carlson assisted with the identification and synonymies of species belonging io Cirripectes. Victor G. Springer assisted with the re- maining species. Alticus saliens (Lacepéde, 1800). Mano’o-papa. Alticus saliens—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Rupiscartes saliens, Schultz, 1943. Aspidontus dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1836). Aspidontus dussumieri—Smith-Vaniz and Randall, 1973. Aspidontus taeniatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1834. Mano’o-mo’o, mo’otai. i Petroscirtes azureus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. The mimetic relationship between this species and Labroides dimidiatus is well known. It is of interest to note that specimens of taeniatus from deeper water have altered their color pattern to match that of the deeper water pattern of L. dimidiatus as described above. i Cirripectes fuscoguttatus Strasburg and Schultz, 1953. Mano’o- sofe. Cirripectes brevis—Schultz, 1943. Cirripectes quagga (Fowler and Ball, 1924). Cirripectes variolosus (part)—Schultz, 1943. Some Samoan specimens have a bright yellow caudal peduncle. Cirripectes sebae (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836). Mano’o-la’o. i Salaries sebae—Gunther, 1877. Cirripectes stigmaticus Strasburg and Schultz, 1953. Mano’o-la’o. Cirripectes variolosus (Valenciennes im Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836). Salarias variolosus—Schmeltz, 1874. As Alticus variolosus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Cirrisalarias bunares Springer, 1976. Ecsenius bicolor (Day, 1888). Mano’o-i'usama. Ecsenius oculus Springer, 1971. Ecsenius opsifrontalis Chapman and Schultz, 1952. (USNM 236063.) Enchelyurus ater (Gunther, 1877). Enchelyurus ater—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. As Hypleurochilus vaillanti, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (Regan, 1909). Mano’o-fala. Entomacrodus caudofasciatus—Springer, 1967. Entomacrodus decussatus (Bleeker, 1858). Mano’o-fala. Salarias atkinsoni—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Salarias aneitensis, Schultz, 1943. Entomacrodus epalzeocheilus (Bleeker, 1859). Mano’‘o-fala. Entomacrodus epalzeocheilus—Springer, 1967. Entomacrodus niuafoouensis (Fowler, 1932). Mano’o-fala. Entomacrodus sealei Bryan and Herre, 1903. Mano’o-fala. Entomacrodus incisolabiatus—Schultz and Chapman in Schultz et al., 1960. Entomacrodus striatus (Quoy and Gaimard in Cuvier and Valen- ciennes, 1836). Mano’o-fala, mano’o-a‘au. Alticus striatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Salarias marmoratus, Schultz, 1943. Entomacrodus plurifil- is, which was described from Samoa, is a junior synonym. Entomacrodus thalassinus (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Mano'o-fala. Alticus thalassinus and A. musilae—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Salarias thalassinus, Schultz, 1943. Exallias brevis (Kner, 1868). Mano'o-lau, mano’o-gatala. Salarias brevis—Kner, 1868. As Cirripectes leopardus, Schultz, 1943. Istiblennius bellus (Gunther, 1861). Specimens collected by Robert Snider are deposited at the B. P. Bishop Museum. (BPBM 12541.) * Istiblennius biseriatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836). Salarias biseriatus—Steindachner, 1906. Istiblennius coronatus (Gunther, 1872). Mano/o-a’au. Salarias nitidus—Gunther, 1877. As Alticus evermanni, Salarias bryani, and S. coronatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as S. nitidus, Schultz, 1943. Istiblennius cyanostigma (Bleeker, 1849). Salarias periopthalmus—Schmeltz, 1869. As Alticus caudolineatus and A. periopthalmus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Salarias caudolineatus and S. periop- thalmus, Schultz, 1943. *Istiblennius dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1836). Salarias dussumieri—Borodin, 1932. Tstiblennius edentulus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Salarias edentulus—Schmeltz, 1874. As Salarias edentulus, S. garmani, S. rivulatus, and S. sin- donis, Jordan and Seale, 1906. * [stiblennius interruptus (Bleeker, 1857). Salarias interruptus—Schmeltz, 1869. Istiblennius lineatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1336). 25 Salarias lineatus—Steindachner, 1906. . As Salarias lineatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Istiblennius paulus (Bryan and Herre, 1903). Istiblennius sp. Springer believes that Kellersi (Fowler, 1932) may apply to these specimens but that at least one or two older names also exist. (USNM 221475.) Meiacanthus atrodorsalis (Gunther, 1877). Mano‘o-si'umaga. Petroscirtes atrodorsalis—Steindachner, 1906. As Petroscirtes atrodorsalis, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Meiacanthus ditrema Smith-Vaniz, 1976. This species is common in protected parts of Pago Pago Bay at 3-15 m. Nannosalarias nativitatus (Regan, 1909). Omobranchus rotundiceps (Macleay, 1881). Petroscirtes obliquus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Parenchelyurus hepburni (Snyder, 1908). Parenchelyurus hepburni—Springer, 1972. Petroscirtes mitratus Ruppell, 1830. Petroscirtes longifilis—Schmeltz, 1866. As P. longifilis, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Petroscirtes xestus Jordan and Seale, 1906. Petroscirtes xestus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852). Mano‘o-to'ito’i. Plagiotremus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1857). Mano’‘o-to'ito’i. Petroscirtes tapeinosoma—Gunther, 1877. As Petroscirtes tapeinosoma, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Praealticus bilineatus (Peters, 1868). Mano’o-papa. Salarias biseriatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Salarias margaritatus, Schultz, 1943. Springer terms this a. tentative identification. This species is commonly found above the water line on lava rocks in the splash zone. Rhabdoblennius rhabdotrachelus (Fowler and Ball, 1924). Blennius rhabdotrachelus—Schultz, 1943. Salarias alboguttatus Kner, 1867. Salarias alboguttatus—Kner, 1867. As Alticus alboguttatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Salarias fasciatus (Bloch, 1786). Mano'o-sofe. Salarias semilineatus—Kner, 1867. Salarias guttatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836. Alticus guttatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Stanulus seychellensis Smith, 1959. Xiphasia matsubarai Okada and Suzuki, 1952. Specimens were collected on the surface at night under a light while anchored at 40 m and from the stomachs of dolphins (Coryphaena hippurus) caught offshore. William F. Smith- Vaniz writes that Samoan specimens represent the easternmost distributional record for the species. Tripterygiidae (Triplefins) Triplefins- are known as mano’o-taoto in Samoa. The systematics of the Samoan members of this family are confused and several species appear to be undescribed. Jordan and Seale (1906) listed seven species of Enneapterygius from Samoa in- cluding five described as new. Schultz (1943) placed four of Jor- dan and Seale’s new species in synonymy and listed only three species for Samoa. The author collected 12 additional triplefins. Three of these were described in 1960. The others are unidentified at present. Enneapterygius brachylepis (Schultz in Schultz et al., 1960). Enneapterygius hemimelas (Kner and Steindachner, 1866). Tripterygium hemimelas—Schmeltz, 1866. As Enneapterygius cerasinus and E. hemimelas, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Enneapterygius minutus (Gunther, 1877). Tripterigium minutus—Giunther, 1877. As Enneapterygius minutus, E. pardochir, E. tusitalae, and E. tutuilae, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Enneapterygius sp. Eight specimens, 32 mm maximum SL; collected at 20 m. Dor- sal IJJ+XVI+9-10; anal II,20-21; lateral line scales 17-18 + 22-24 = 40-42. One scale row between pored and notch- ed rows of lateral line. About six wide dusky yellow bars on body; first dorsal dusky; caudal and pectorals yellow. (USNM 220065.) Enneapterygius sp. Twenty-four specimens, 28 mm maximum SL; collected at 3 m. Dorsal III+ XIV-XV+ 8-9; anal II,18-20; lateral line scales 20-21 + 17-18 = 37-39. No scale rows between pored and notch- ed rows of lateral line. Body and head pale with dusky orange spotting and bars; caudal black with orange spot at midbase; pelvics pale, other fins salmon colored. Some specimens with body dusky anteriorly and dusky orange or yellow bars posteriorly. (USNM 220066.) Enneapterygius sp. Two specimens, 20 mm maximum SL. Dorsal III + XII + 8-9; anal I,17; lateral line scales 17-18 + 14-15 = 31-33. One scale row between pored and notched rows of lateral line. Body and fins reddish orange; central portion of caudal black; lower portion of head and pectoral base black; corner of jaws reddish orange. (USNM 220067.) Enneapterygius sp. Five specimens, 23 mm maximum SL; collected at 3 m. Dorsal III + XIII + 9; anal I,18-19; lateral line scales 15-17 + 18 = 33-35. One scale row between pored and notched rows of lateral line. Body red with posterior third black; head and chin red, throat dusky. (USNM 220068.) Enneapterygius sp. Five specimens, 27 mm maximum SL; collected at 3 m. Dorsal III-IV + XI+9-10; anal 1,15-17; lateral line scales 17-18 + 16-17 = 33-34. One scale row between pored and notch- ed rows of lateral line. Body and head orange; dusky line from eye to tip of snout, operculum dusky; dusky pectoral base and one or two dark spots at base of caudal. Some specimens with red body; ventral two-thirds of head and pectoral base black; a white spot under eye and one or two dark spots at base of caudal. (USNM 220069.) Enneapterygius sp. Three specimens, 17 mm maximum SL; collected at 33 m. Dor- sal III + XI-XII+9; anal 1,16; lateral line scales 11 +21 =32. One scale row between pored and notched rows of lateral line. Head and body pale with orange and white spotting; posterior third of body becoming greenish yellow; black spot on second dorsal. Enneapterygius sp. Eighteen specimens, 26 mm maximum SL; collected at 23 m. Dorsal III+XII-XV+9-10; anal 1,19; lateral line scales 15-17 + 1€-19 = 32-36. One scale row between pored and notch- ed rows of lateral line. Body pale or dusky orange with five red bars on sides and back; dusky red spots on snout, operculum, and pectoral base; first and second dorsal, caudal, and anal may also be dusky. (USNM 220070.) 26 Helcogramma capidata Rosenblatt in Schultz et al., 1960. Helcogramma chica Rosenblatt in Schultz et al., 1960. Helcogramma chica—Rosenblatt in Schultz et al., 1960. Helcogramma hudsoni (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Enneapterygius hudsoni—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Enneapterygius hudsoni, Schultz, 1943. Helcogramma sp. Three specimens, 29-37 mm SL; collected at 43 m. Dorsal III + XIII + 12-14; anal 1,21-22; lateral line scales 10+ 29 = 39. Four or five scales between lateral line and third spine of second dorsal; 4-6 scales between lateral line and fifth ray of anal, tip of lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw. Body pale with about 10 orange bars on sides continuous with oblique orange bands on second and third dorsals; distinct dark spot on middle of second dorsal; a few dusky spots on cheeks, chin, snout, and base of pelvics. (USNM 220062.) Lepidoblennius sp. One specimen, 25 mm SL; collected at 10 m. Dorsal II+ XIII +11; anal 1,20; lateral line scales 38 (anterior 25 pored). Reddish orange bars on body. (USNM 220064.) Callionymidae (Dragonettes) Ronald Fricke identified the new record and_ provided synonymies. Callionymus xanthosemeion Fowler, 1925. (NMB 37010.) Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858). Dermosteira dorotheae—Schultz, 1943. Synchiropus morrisoni Schultz in Schultz et al., 1960. Synchiropus morrisoni—Fricke, 1981. (NMB 37009.) Synchiropus ocellatus (Pallas, 1770). Mano’o-lele, mano’o-tolo. Synchiropus lili—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Gobiidae (Gobies) Gobies are known as mano’o which is the same general name used for blennies. This is the best represented family in Samoa with 100 species listed herein. It is also the most poorly known as 26 species are unidentified either because they are undescribed or because their taxonomy is so confused that it is presently impossi- ble to assign a name of assured validity. Members of the family are small and often show strong preferences for restricted habitats which account for their diversity and limited occurrence in collec- tions. Douglass F. Hoese assisted with the identifications and pro- vided synonymies for most of the species. Some of the names are uncertain but must suffice until genera are revised and their full complement of species is described. Diagnostic characteristics for unidentified species of Asterropteryx, Cabillus, Fusigobius, Istigobius, and Valenciennea were derived from his unpublished keys. Hoese’s numbering system is used for unidentified species since the numbers will be included as synonyms in his future publications. Susan J. Karnella confirmed the identifications of Eviota and supplied diagnostic characteristics for unidentified species. Ernest A. Lachner and she will describe some or all of the new species from Samoa in future publications. Helen K. Larson examined the Pleurosicya and Tenacigobius specimens and pro- vided diagnostic characteristics for unidentified species. James F. McKinney identified Callogobius. Amblveleotris fasciata (Herre, 1953). Mano’o-popo. Amblyeleotris guttata (Fowler, 1938). Mano’o-popo. Amblyeleotris periopthalma (Bleeker, 1853). Mano’o-popo. (AMS I.21990-001.) Amblyeleotris steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974). Mano’o-popo. Cryptocentrus steinitzi—Polunin and Lubbock, 1977. Amblyeleotris sp. 17. Mano'o-popo. Collected at 36 m. Dorsal VI+1I,13; anal 1,13; pectoral 19. Caudal pointed with central rays more than twice the length of outer rays. Body light tan with five major fawn-colored saddles and smaller, less distinct markings between; a pair of distinct black spots on chin; branchiostegals blue and orange; spiny dorsal pale with dark margin; anal, lower rays of caudal and pelvics with blue and orange lines. (AMS I.21991-001.) Amblyeleotris sp. 20. Mano’o-popo. Two specimens, 43 and 51 mm SL; collected at 36 m. Dorsal V1I+1,13; anal I,13; pectoral 20. Body pale with four pale orange bars on sides, yellow reticulations dorsally in in- terspaces; head with yellow reticulations, chin orange, bran- chiostegal membrane with dusky blue bar on edge; dorsal pale with blue and yellow lines and spots basally; anal pale, orange line margined with dusky blue distally; perimeter of caudal with orange line margined in dusky blue ventrally, becoming almost black dorsally. (AMS I.21994-001.) Amblygobius nocturnus (Herre, 1945). doese terms this identification ‘‘provisional.”’ A 1blygobius phalaena (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1837). Mano’o-fugafuga. Gobius phalaena—Gunther, 1877 Asterropteryx semipunctatus Ruppell, 1830. Mano’o-palea. Asterropteryx semipunctatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Asterropteryx sp. 3. Six specimens, 14-22 mm SL; collected at 13 m. Four to six preopercular spines, two or three above mid-preopercular pore, lowermost spine thickened and longer than others; fourth dor- sal spine longest and usually prolonged. Head, body, and fins blotched with dusky orange; a dark transverse bar under eye; a small dark spot centered on caudal peduncle. (AMS 1.22000-001, 1.22004-001.) Asterropteryx sp. 4. Seven specimens, 14-23 mm SL; collected at 20-23 m. Two to six preopercular spines, one to three above mid-preopercular pore, lowermost spine about equal to or smaller than those above; head scales largely cycloid; fourth dorsal spine longest, generally not prolonged. A small dark spot centered on caudal peduncle; a narrow dark bar under eye. (AMS 1I.22004-002.) Asterropteryx sp. 7. Six specimens, 23-28 mm SL; collected at 15-20 m. Two to six preopercular spines, one to three above mid-preopercular pore, lowermost spine about equal to or smaller than those above; head scales largely cycloid. Body and head pale with orange spotting; no bar under eye; a large dark spot on caudal pedun- cle. (AMS I.21995-001.) Awaous ocellaris (Broussonet, 1782). Mano’o-apofu. Awaous ocellaris—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Chonophorus ocellaris, Schultz, 1943. This species inhabits freshwater. Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854). Bathygobius cocosensis—Akihito and Meguro, 1980. Bathygobius cotticeps (Steindachner, 1879). Mano’o-apofusami. Bathygobius cotticeps—Schultz, 1943. 27 Bathygobius cyclopterus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1837). Mano’o-apofusami. Mapo crassiceps—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Bathygobius crassiceps, Schultz, 1943. Bathygobius fuscus (Rippell, 1830). Mano’o-apofusami. Mapo fuscus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Cabillus sp. 5. Five specimens, 18-26 mm SL; collected at 30-33 m. Dorsal VI+1,9; anal 1,8; pectoral 19-20; scales 26-28. Prepelvic area heavily scaled; a lateral canal tube over operculum; midline of nape with a single row of scales. Body white with four pale red- dish brown saddles or bars with dusky margins; tiny orange specks on head and body. (AMS 1.21996-001.) Callogobius centrolepis Weber, 1909. Callogobius maculipinnis (Fowler, 1918). Callogobius sclateri (Steindachner, 1880). Gobiomorphus sclateri and Drombus tutuilae—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Mucogobius sclateri and Drombus tutuilae, Schultz, 1943. McKinney has examined the holotype of futuilae, a small and poorly preserved specimen, and considers it to be a synonym. Cryptocentrus leucostictus (Gunther, 1871). Mano’o-popo. Hetereleotris phaenna—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Hetereleotris phaenna, Schultz, 1943. Cryptocentrus strigilliceps (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Mars strigilliceps—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Mars strigilliceps, Schultz, 1943. Cryptocentrus sp. 28. One specimen, 36 mm SL. Dorsal VI + 1,10; anal 1,10; pectoral 17; gill rakers on lower limb of first arch 9. Color in alcohol: body pale with about nine vertical bars; head with pale spot- ting. Hoese writes this species may be /eptocephalus. (AMS 1.21987-004.) Ctenogobiops aurocingulus (Herre, 1935). Mano'o-popo. Ctenogobiops aurocingulus—Lubbock and Polunin, 1977. Ctenogobiops tangaroai Lubbock and Polunin, 1977. Ctengobiops tangaroai—Lubbock and Polunin, 1977. Ctenogobiops sp. Twenty-six specimens, 22-39 mm SL; collected at 15 m. Dorsal VI+1,11-12; anal I,11; scales 45-48; gill rakers 11. Gill opening extends far forward to a point anterior of the vertical through the hind margin of the preopercle. This species is closely related to tangaroai. (AMS 1.22006-001.) Eviota afelei Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano'o-moi. Eviota afelei_Jordan and Seale, 1906. Eviota disrupta Karnella and Lachner, 1981. Mano'o-moi. Eviota disrupta—Karnella and Lachner, 1981. (USNM 220996.) Eviota distigma Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano’o-moi. Eviota distigma—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Eviota herrei Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano’o-moi. Eviota herrei—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Eviota melasma Lachner and Karnella, 1980. Mano'o-moi. Eviota melasma—Lachner and Karnella, 1980. Eviota prasites Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano'o-moi, mano’o-lele. Eviota prasites—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Eviota pseudostigma Lachner and Karnella, 1980. Mano'o-moi. Eviota pseudostigma—Lachner and Karnella, 1980. Eviota sebreei Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano’o-moi. Eviota sebreei— Jordan and Seale, 1906. Eviota smaragdus Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano’o-moi. Eviota smaragdus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Eviota zonura Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano‘o-moi. Eviota zonura—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As E. epiphanes (part), Schultz, 1943. Eviota sp. Mano'o-moi. Three specimens, 14-17 mm SL; collected at 30 m. Dorsal VI+1,9; anal 1,8; pectoral 18-20, rays 4-18 may be branched; pelvic 1,4 1/10-2/10. Body pale but almost always with some pigmentation on upper head and nape; anal dark. (USNM 222520-22.) Eviota sp. Mano’o-moi. Several specimens, 9-18 mm SL; collected at 17 m. Dorsal VI+1,9; anal I,8; pectoral 17-18, rays 11-17 may be branched; pelvic I,4 7/10-8/10. Two vertically elongated réctangular marks laterally on head posterior to eye. Eviota sp. Mano’o-moi. Twelve specimens, collected at 20 m. Dorsal VI+1,9-10; anal 1,9. Pectoral rays unbranched. Body pale with dusky streak at insertion of anal; basal pigmentation through dorsal fins. (USNM 222523.) Exyrias puntang (Bleeker, 1852). Fusigobius neophytus (Gunther, 1877). Rhinogobius neophytus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Fusigobius sp. 2. Two specimens, 24 and 25 mm SL; collected at 33 m. Dorsal VI+1,8-9; anal I,8; scales 25. Body pale with yellow spots con- taining tiny black specks; round dark spot above pectoral base and a dusky spot at caudal base; dusky orange bar under eye; anterior portion of first dorsal dusky; no dark spots on dorsal or dark streak on snout. (AMS 1.21990-002.) Glossogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1837). Glossogobius vaisiganus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. This is a freshwater species. Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1850). Gnatholepis deltoides—Jordan and Seale, 1906. There is no type of anjerensis but Hoese suspects it is ‘‘close’’ to what Seale later described as de/toides. This genus needs revi- sion. Gnatholepis sp. Five specimens, 25-37 mm SL; collected at 25 m. Dorsal VI+1,11; anal 1,11. Body pale with orange lateral band extend- ing from operculum through pectoral base to midbase of caudal, four fainter orange lines between this band and dorsals, diffuse dusky blotch above pectoral base; head with dusky bar extending through eye and orange lines on snout and oper- culum; dorsals and anal pale with orange line near base. (AMS 1.22003-001.) Gobiodon citrinus (Ruppell, 1838). Mano’o-ulutu’i, moemimi. Pseudogobiodon citrinus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Gobiodon rivulatus (Ruppell, 1830). Mano‘o-ulutu'i, moemimi. Gobiodon ceramensis—Schmeltz, 1866. Istigobius ornatus (Ruppell, 1830). Gobius ornatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Gobius ornatus, Schultz, 1943. Istigobius sp. 5. Mano‘o-va‘a. Twelve specimens, 18-59 mm SL. This species is common in sandy reef areas at depths of 3-27 m and is similar in meristics - and color pattern to ormatus which lives in mangrove areas. However, it lacks filamentous pectoral rays and has one or two laterally curved and enlarged teeth at each angle of the lower jaw. (AMS 1I.22005-001.) 28 Istigobius sp. This species is similar to J. sp. 5 but differs in having a black spot between fifth and sixth dorsal spines and no spot between first two dorsal spines, and in having oval, rather than elongate spots on the midside. (AMS 1.22005-002.) Kelloggella cardinalis Jordan and Seale, 1906. Kelloggella cardinalis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Macrodontogobius wilburi Herre, 1936. Mugilogobius fontinalis (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Vaimosa fontinalis—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Vaimosa fontinalis, Schultz, 1943. This species inhabits freshwater. Nemateleotris decora Randall and Allen, 1973. Mano’o-sugale. Nemateleotris helfrichi Randall and Allen, 1973. Mano'o-sugale. Nemateleotris magnifica Fowler, 1938. Mano’o-sugale. Oplopomus oplopomus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837). Mano’o-lape. This species is abundant in the saltwater ponds enclosed by run- ways at Pago Pago International Airport. Oxyurichthys tentacularis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1837). Pselaphias ophthalmonemus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Palutris pruinosa (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Eviota pruinosa—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Pandaka pruinosa, Schultz, 1943. Hoese provisionally assigns this species to Palutris. Paragobiodon echinocephala (Ruppell, 1828). Mano’o-ulutu’i. Gobius amiciensis—Kner and Steindachner, 1866. Paragobiodon lacunicola (Kendall and Goldsborough, 1911). Mano’o-ulutu’i. zine Paragobiodon echinocephalus (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Paragobiodon xanthosoma (Bleeker, 1859). Mano’o-ulutu’i. Paragobiodon xanthosomus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas, 1770). Pa‘ofu, talae. Periophthalmus argentilineatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As P. barbarus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Pleurosicya muscarum (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Rhinogobius muscarum—Jordan and Seale, 1906: As Glossogobius biocellatus (part), Schultz, 1943. Pogonoculius zebra Fowler, 1938. Tilotai. : Priolepis semidoliatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and. Valencien- nes, 1837). Gobius semifasciatus—Kner, 1868. As Zonogobius semidoliatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Ptereleotris evides (Jordan and Hubbs, 1925). Ma‘ulu. Ptereleotris heteropterus (Bleeker, 1855). Ma‘ulu. Ptereleotris microlepis (Bleeker, 1856). Ma'ulu. Quisquillius cinctus (Regan, 1908). Pleurogobius naraharae—Schultz, 1943. Quisquillius sp. Two specimens, collected at 33 m. Dorsal VI+1,11; anal 1,9. Body pale with 11 yellow brown bars extending onto dorsal and anal fins. Redigobius pagoensis (Schultz, 1943). Mahidolia pagoensis—Schultz, 1943. A freshwater species. Sicyopterus pugnans (Ogilvie-Grant, 1884). Sicydium pugnans—Ogilvie-Grant, 1884. A freshwater species. Sicyopterus taeniurus (Gunther, 1877). Mano’o-vai. Sicydium macrostetholepis—Kner, 1868. As Sicyopterus taeniurus and S. tauae, Jordan and Seale, 1906. A freshwater species. Stenogobius genivittatus (Valenciennes im Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1837). Mano’o-vai. Gobius genivittatus—Gunther, 1877. As Awaous genivittatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Chono- Dhorus genivittatus, Schultz, 1943. A freshwater species. Stiphodon elegans (Steindachner, 1879). Mano'o-vai. Stiphodon elegans—Schultz, 1943. A freshwater species. Tenacigobius erythrops (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Chaenogobius erythrops—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Chaenogobius erythrops, Schultz, 1943. According to Lar- son, this species has a longer gill opening than other Samoan members of the genus. It extends anteriorly to a point beneath the eye. (AMS I.20725-001.) Tenacigobius yongei (Davis and Cohen, 1968). (AMS 1I.21389-001.) Tenacigobius sp. 7. One specimen, 20 mm SL; collected from a sea fan at 25 m. The gill opening extends to a point halfway between the preopercular border and the hind edge of the eye; pelvics relatively small and inserted distinctly posterior to pectoral base. This species has a characteristic blotch on the lower half of the caudal base which varies in size and intensity but is always present. (AMS 1I.21388-001.) Tenacigobius sp. 9. The gill opening of this species is restricted to the pectoral base; the maxillary extends only to a point below the anterior edge of the pupil and the largest known specimens are only 15 mm SL. (AMS I.21892-001.) Tomiyamichthys sp. One specimen, 35 mm SL; collected at 36 m. Dorsal VI+ 1,9; anal I,9; pectoral 17. Second and third dorsal rays elongated. Body bluish tan with three large orange blotches and two rows of smaller irregular white blotches laterally; head darker with yellow spotting; yellow line with dusky margins on bran- chiostegals; first dorsal dusky with yellow spots, second pale with yellow spots; anal pale with a row of yellow spots basally and yellow line distally; caudal pale becoming yellow distally; yellow spots on pectoral base. (AMS I.21993-001.) Trimma caesiura Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano’o-moi. Trimma caesiura—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Trimma eviotops Schultz, 1943. Mano’o-moi. Trimma eviotops—Schultz, 1943. Trimma tevegae Cohen and Davis, 1969. Mano’o-moi. (AMS 1I.21988-002.) Trimma sp. 2. Mano’o-moi. Eighteen specimens, 17-20 mm SL; collected at 30-40 m. Dorsal VI+1,9; anal I,8; pectoral 18-19; scales 26-28; predorsal scales 5. Interorbital distance much less than pupil width; interor- bital and postorbital grooves well developed. Body dusky yellow orange with orange spots dorsally; head with reddish orange spots and bars on cheeks and chin; dorsal and caudal with orange spots. (AMS 1.21992-001.) Trimma sp. 4. Mano'o-moi. Eleven specimens, 12-23 mm SL; collected at 17-70 m. Dorsal VI+1,10; anal 1,9; pectoral 18-19; scales 26-27; predorsal scales 0. Interorbital distance much less than pupil width; interorbital and postorbital grooves well developed. Body pink with yellow spots and reticulations; snout, cheeks, and underside of head reddish orange; medial fin rays orange. (AMS 1.21986-002, 1.21988-001.) 29 1.21988-001.) Trimma sp. 14. Mano'o-moi. Two specimens, both 15 mm SL; collected at 20 m. Dorsal VI+1,8; anal I,8; scales 25. Body orange brown with dark brown caudal peduncle; dorsals, anal, and pelvics orange brown with pale edges; caudal pale yellow. (AMS 1.21998-002.) Trimma sp.17. Mano'o-moi. Seven specimens, 16-21 mm SL; collected at 30 m. Dorsal V1I+1,9; anal I,8; pectoral 17-18; scales 26-28; predorsal scales 0-3. Interorbital distance much less than pupil width; interor- bital and postorbital grooves present but not well developed. Body pale purplish gray with large yellow spots dorsally and yellow bars laterally. (AMS 1.21996-002.) Trimme sp. 21. Mano’o-moi. Thirteen specimens, 12-21 mm SL; collected at 20 m. Dorsal V1I+1I,9; anal 1,9; pectoral 18; scales 25-26; predorsal scales usually 0 but occasionally 1 or 2. Interorbital distance much less than pupil width; interorbital and postorbital grooves present but not well developed. Body pale pink with dusky yellow cross-hatches; yellow spotting on dorsals, anal, and caudal. (AMS 1I.21987-001.) Trimma sp. 27. Mano'o-moi. One specimen, 22 mm SL; collected at 20 m. Dorsal VI+ 1,8; anal 1,8; pectoral 14; scales 27; predorsal scales 9. Interorbital distance about equal to pupil width; no interorbital or postor- bital grooves. Body yellow to brown; lips reddish; underside of head and belly pale, caudal bright yellow. (AMS I.21998-001.) Vailima stevensoni Jordan and Seale, 1906. Mano’o-vai. Vailima stevensoni—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Schultz (1943) confused this species with Stiphodon elegans. This is a freshwater species. Valenciennea puellaris (Tomiyama, 1955). Mano’o-sina. Valenciennea sexguttatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1837). Mano’o-sina. Valenciennea violifera—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As V. violifera, Schultz, 1943. Valenciennea strigatus (Broussonet, 1782). Mano’o-sina. Eleotris strigata—Schmeltz, 1869. Valenciennea sp. Mano’o-sina. Seven specimens, 29-34 mm SL; collected at 15 m. Dorsal VI+1,12; anal I,12; pectoral 19; scales 67-80. No black spot on first dorsal; two faint longitudinal stripes connected by narrow crossbars on sides of body. Vanderhorstia ambanoro (Fourmanoir, 1957). Mano’o-popo. (AMS 1.21989-001.) Vanderhorstia ornatissima Smith, 1959. Mano’o-popo. Vanderhorstia ornatissima—Helfrich et al., 1975. Waitea stomias Smith, 1941. Waitea mystacina—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Yongeichthys nebulosus (Forssk4l, 1775). Mano’o-gatala. Rhinogobius corallinus and R. nebulosus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Rhinogobius corallinus and R. nebulosus, Schultz, 1943. Electrididae (Sleepers) Douglass F. Hoese assisted with identifications and is credited with most of the synonymies. Bostrychus sinensis Lacepede, 1802. Eleotris sinensis—Herre, 1927. Eleotris fusca (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Mano’o-pala, pa’ofa, pa’ofu, apofu. Eleotris fusca—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Fagasa tutuilae, a larval eleotrid described by Schultz (1943), belongs to the genus E/eotris and probably to the species fusca. This species lives in fresh and brackish water. Eleotris melanosoma Bleeker, 1852. Mano’o-pala, pa’ofa, pa’ofu, apofu. Eleotris melanosoma—Schmeltz, 1866. A fresh and brackish water species. Hypseleotris guentheri (Bleeker, 1875). Mano’o-fovai, maluvai. Eleotris oxycephala—Schmeltz, 1866. As Hypseleotris cyprinoides, Schultz, 1943. This is a freshwater species. Xenisthmus clara (Jordan and Seale, 1906). Mano’o-taotao. Hetereleotris clara—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Hetereleotris clara, Schultz, 1943. Xenisthmus polyzonatus (Klunzinger, 1871). Kraemeriidae (Sand Lances) Kraemeria samoensis Steindachner, 1906. Kraemeria samoensis—Steindachner, 1906. As Vitreola sagitta, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Microdesmidae (Wormfishes) Gunnellichthys monostigma Smith, 1958. Mano’o-ui. Gunnellichthys pleurotaenia Bleeker, 1858. Mano’o-ui. Gunnellichthys pleurotaenia—Helfrich et al., 1975. Zanclidae (Moorish Idol Family) Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758). Pe’ape’a, laulaufau. Zanclus cornutus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Z. canescens, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes and Unicornfishes) The general name for Acanthurus spp. <15 cm TL is pone. Larger individuals are called palagi. Naso spp. are generally termed ume; smaller individuals are called ‘ili'ilia or umelei. Several of the identifications listed below were confirmed by John E. Randall. Acanthurus achilles Shaw, 1803. Maikolama, kolama, pone- i/umumu. Acanthurus achilles—Schmeltz, 1866. As Hepatus achilles and H. aterrimus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Acanthurus auranticavus Randall, 1956. This species is recorded only from the Philippine Islands and the East Indies by Randall (1956) in his review of the genus. Acanthurus bleekeri Gunther, 1861. Palagi-si’usina. Acanthurus glaucopareius Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829. I’usina (Am. Samoa), laulama (W. Samoa), gaitolama. Acanthurus glaucopareius—Schmeltz, 1866. As Hepatus aliala, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Acanthurus guttatus Bloch and Schneider, 1801. Maogo. Acanthurus guttatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Hepatus guttatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Alogo. Acanthurus striatus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Hepatus lineatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. 30 Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl, 1923). Acanthurus mata (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Acronurus argenteus—Schmeltz, 1874. As Acanthurus umbra, Schultz, 1943. Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker and Mohr, 1929. Pone-i'usina. Hapatus gahm—Steindachner, 1906. As Hepatus nigricans, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Acan- thurus nigricans, Schultz, 1943. Randall has recently concluded that nigricans is a Red Sea endemic and that gahhm is a junior synonym of nigricans. Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskal, 1775). Ponepone. Acanthurus nigros—Schmeltz, 1866. As Hepatus elongatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Acan- thurus elongatus (part), Schultz, 1943. Acanthurus nigroris Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835. Ponepone. Hepatus atramentatus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Acanthurus elongatus (part), Schultz, 1943. Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch and Schneider, 1801. Pone-apasama, afinamea. Acanthurus olivaceus Gunther, 1875. As Hepatus olivaceus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834. Pone-i/usama. Acanthurus thompsoni (Fowler, 1923). Pone-i’usina. Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758). Manini. Acanthurus triostegus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Hepatus triostegus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- nes, 1835. Acanthurus matoides—Schmeltz, 1866. As Hepatus matoides and H. aquilinus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Acanthurus fuliginosus, Schultz, 1943. Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall, 1955. Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis Randall, 1955. (BPBM 17553). Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 18.5). Pone (adults), pala‘ia or logoulia (schooling juveniles). Ctenochaetus striatus (part)—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As C. strigosus (part), Schultz. Ctenochaetus strigosus (Bennett, 1828). Ctenochaetus strigosus (part)—Schultz, 1943. *Naso annulatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Naseus annulatus—Schmeltz, 1869. Naso brevirostris (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835). Ume-ulutao. Naso brevirostris—Steindachner, 1906. As Acanthurus incipiens, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855). Naso lituratus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). li‘ilia (<15 cm TL), umelei (>15 cm TL). Naseus lituratus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Acanthurus lituratus and A. garretti, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Naso thynnoides (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835). Naso thynnoides—Pohl, 1884. Naso tuberosus (Lacepede, 1801). Ume-uluto’i. Naso unicornis (Forsskal, 1775). Ume-isu. Naseus unicornis—Schmeltz, 1874. As Acanthurus unicornis, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Naso viamingii (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835). Ume-masimasi. Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1766). This fish is rare around Tutuila and was observed in only two areas. Both are on the north coast at depths of about 6 m. Zebrasoma rostratum (Gunther, 1873). This species was observed only at Rose Atoll. (BPBM 27987.) Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Pitopito, pe'ape'a. Acanthurus rhombeus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Zebrasoma rhombeum and Z. rostratum, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Z. flavescens, Schultz, 1943. Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch, 1797). Ilia. Acanthurus velifer—Schmeltz, 1866. Siganidae (Rabbitfishes) The general name for rabbitfishes in Samoa is 10.This name also refers to a large school of juveniles. David J. Woodland con- firmed the identifications of some Samoan specimeas and provid- ed synonymies and comments on the distribution and identifica- tion of uncollected siganids with Samoan distributional records. Siganus argenteus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825). Loloa <5 cm TL), ‘ofe’ofe (5-10 cm TL), malava (>10 cm TL). Teuthis argentea—Schmeltz, 1866. As Siganus rostratus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. * Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782). Teuthis albopunctatus—Steindachner, 1906. Siganus punctatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Tito, loele’ele. Teuthis hexagonata—Gunther, 1874. Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Anefe (<5 cm TL), pa’ulu (>5 cm TL). Teuthis striolata—Gunther, 1874. As Siganus marmoratus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Gempylidae (Snake Mackerels) These species are caught by handline fishermen in deep water. Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831). Palu-kamuro, palu-tomalo. Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1829. Palu-talatala. Scombridae (Mackerels and Tunas) Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831). Paala. Acanthocybium solandri—Schultz, 1943. Auxis thazard (Lacepéde, 1801). Atualo. Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849). Atualo, kavalau. Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). Namuauli. Gymnosarda unicolor (Ruppell, 1838). Tagi. Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758). Atu (<40 cm TL), faolua (40-50 cm TL), ga’ogo (>50 cm TL). Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851). Ga. Samoan specimens were collected by John E. Randall. (BPBM 6214.) Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Ga. Scomber loo—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788). Apakoa. 31 Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788). Asiasi ( about 18 kg). Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839). Asiasi (< about 18 kg); to'uo (Am. Samoa), ta’‘uo (W. Samoa) (> about 18 kg). Xiphiidae (Swordfish Family) Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758. Xiphias gladius—Jordan, 1927. Istiophoridae (Billfishes) The general name for billfishes is sa’ula. Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder, 1792). Sa’ula-lele. Makaira indica (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831). Sa’ula-oso. Makaira nigricans Lacepéde, 1803. Sa’ula-oso. Tetrapturus angustirostris Tanaka, 1914. Tetrapturus audax (Philippi, 1887). Nomeidae (Man-of-War Fishes) Psenes cyanophrys Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833. A specimen was speared under a buoy anchored at 2,000 m about 3 mi off Pago Pago Bay. Bothidae (Lefteye Flounders) Arnoglossus sp. One specimen, 39 mm SL; collected at 33 m. Dorsal 77; anal 65; lateral line pores, 64. Depth 2.05 in SL; interorbital 0.25 in eye diameter; first dorsal ray expanded and prolonged. (BPBM 24111.) Bothus mancus (Broussonet, 1782). Alli. Platophrys mancus—Jordan and Seale, 1906. Bothus pantherinus (Ruppell, 1830). Ali. Rhomboidichthys pantherina—Schmeltz, 1865. Pleuronectidae (Righteye Flounders) Samariscus triocellatus Woods in Schultz et al., 1966. Ali. Soleidae (Soles) The Samoan name for all species of flatfish is ali. Aesopia heterorhinos (Bleeker, 1856). Solea heterorhina—Schmeltz, 1865. As Soleichthys heterorhinos, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Aseraggodes melanostictus (Peters, 1876). Aseraggodes sp. One specimen, 48 mm SL; collected at 23 m. Dorsal 75;. anal 51; scales 76. Right pelvic with three rays and shorter base than left pelvic with five rays. (BPBM 24113.) Aseraggodes sp. Two specimens, 26 and 27 mm SL; collected at 37 m. Dorsal 74; anal 52; scales 70. Five rays in both pelvics which are sym- metrical. (BPBM 24130.) Balistidae (Triggerfishes) Triggerfishes are known as sumu. Balistapus undulatus (Mungo Park, 1797). Sumu-aimaunu. Balistes lineatus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Balistes undulatus, Schultz, 1943. Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sumu-papa. Balistoides viridescens (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sumu-laulau (<20 cm TL), umu (>20 cm TL). Balistes viridescens—Schmeltz, 1866. Canthidermis maculatus (Bloch, 1786). Sumu-va'a. Balistes senticosus—Gunther, 1910. This species frequents the epipelagic zone and often occurs around drifting objects. Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786). Sumu-uli. Balistes armatus—Schmeltz, 1866. Melichthys vidua (Solander, 1844). Sumu-'apa’apasina, sumu- si'umumu. Balistes vidua—Jordan and Seale, 1906. As Balistes vidua, Schultz, 1943. Odonus niger (Ruppell, 1837). Sumu-pe’a. Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Ruppell, 1828). Sumu-laulau (<20 cm TL), umu (>20 cm TL). Balistes flavimarginatus—Schmeltz, 1874. As Balistes flavomarginatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906. Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sumu-laulau (<20 cm TL), umu (>20 cm TL). Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Sumu-uo'uo. Balistes aculeatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Balistapus aculeatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Balistes aculeatus, Schultz, 1943. Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sumu- aloalo. Balistes erythropterus—Schmeltz, 1869. As Balistapus rectangulus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as Balis- tes rectangulus, Schultz, 1943. Rhinecanthus sp. Sumu-aloalo. This species is similar to cinereus and can probably be separated from it only by color. It has a large black area ventrally on the body centered above the origin of the anal (lacking in cinereus) and a black crescent on the caudal (lacking in cinereus). John E. Randall plans to describe it. (BPBM 24458, 24459.) Sufflamen bursa (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sumu-pa’epa’e. Balistes bursa—Schmeltz, 1869. Sufflamen chrysoptera (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sumu-gasemoana. Balistes niger—Schmeltz, 1874. As Balistes chrysopterus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943, Sufflamen fraenatus (Latrielle, 1804). Sumu-gase’ele’ele. Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus Randall, Matsuura and Zama, 1978. Sumu-palu. Several juveniles of this recently described species were ob- served near Steps Point at depths of 40-60 m. Monacanthidae (Filefishes) Members of this family are known as a pa‘umalo. Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765). Ume-aleva, falala. Aluteres laevis—Schmeltz, 1866. 32 Amanses scopas (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829). Pa'umalo, falala. Amanses scopas—Schmeltz, 1866. Cantherhines dumerili (Hollard, 1854). Pa'umalo. Cantherhines sandwichiensis (part)—Schultz, 1943. Cantherhines pardalis (Ruppell, 1835). Pa’umalo, falala, aimeo. Monacanthus sandwichiensis—Steindachner, 1906. As Cantherhines sandwichensis, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and as C. sandwichiensis, Schultz, 1943. Randall (1964b) has found that sandwichiensis is limited to the Hawaiian Islands. *Monacanthus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765). Monacanthus chinensis—Schmeltz, 1865. Oxymonacanthus longirostris (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Pa’umalo-gutuumi. Monacanthus longirostris—Schmeltz, 1866. Pervagor melanocephalus (Bleeker, 1853). Pa’umalo, falala. Monacanthus melanocephalus—Schmeltz, 1869. As Monacanthus melanocephalus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Ostraciontidae (Trunkfishes) The Samoan name for trunkfishes is moamoa. Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758). Moamoa-ulutao, moamoa- uluto’i. Ostracion cornutus—Schmeltz, 1866. Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758. Moamoa-lega. Ostracion argus—Schmeltz, 1869. Ostracion meleagris Shaw, 1796. Moamoa-uli (initial phase), moamoa-sama (terminal phase). Ostracion meleagris—Schmeltz, 1866. As O. /entiginosus (initial phase) and O. sebae (terminal phase), Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Tetraodontidae (Puffers) Puffers are referred to as sue. Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758). Sue-vaolo. Crayracion laterna—Schmeltz, 1869. As Tetraodon hispidus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Arothron immaculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sue-va'a. Tetrodon virgatus—Schmeltz, 1865. As Tetraodon immaculatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Arothron mappa (Lesson, 1830). Tetrodon mappa—Schmeltz, 1874. Arothron meleagris (Lacepéde, (dark phase), sue-lega (yellow phase). Tetraodon meleagris—Schmeltz, 1869. Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sue-uli (dark phase), sue-lega (yellow phase). Crayracion nigropunctatus—Schmeltz, 1866. As Tetraodon nigropunctatus, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. Arothron stellatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Sue-gatala, sue-va’a. Crayracion lineatus—Schmeltz, 1869. Arothron alboreticulatus may be a junior synonym. 1798). Sue-puleuli ———— Canthigaster amboinensis (Bleeker, 1865). Sue-lape. Canthigaster psegma—Jordan and Evermann, 1905. As C. psegma, Jordan and S: ‘=, 1906. Canthigaster bennetti (Bleeker, : .2-'afa. Canthigaster bennetti—Schultz, i>°3. Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, . ~5). Sue-sugale. Canthigaster solandri (Richardson, 1844). Sue-mimi. Tetrodon solandri—Schmeltz, 1865. Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853). Sue-mu. Canthigaster valentini—Jordan, 1927. Gastrophysis sceleratus (Gmelin, 1788). A specimen was handlined from 100 m by a local fisherman. (BPBM 28185.) Sphoeroides hypselogeneion (Bleeker, 1852). Sue-mo’o, sue-mimi. Tetrodon hypselogeneion—Schmeltz, 1877. As Spheroides hypselogeneion, Jordan and Seale, 1906 and Schultz, 1943. *Sphoeroides oblongus (Bloch, 1786). Gastrophysus oblongus—Schmeltz, 1866. Sphoeroides pachygaster (Muller and Troschel, 1848). Some authors refer to this circumtropical species as Liosaccus cutaneus. A specimen was handlined from 250 m. (BPBM 27769.) Triodontidae (Three-Toothed Puffers) Triodon macropterus Lesson, 1829. Sue-moemimi. This species is caught by handline fishermen at depths >200 m. Diodontidae (Porcupinefishes) Diodon eydouxii Brissout de Barneville, 1846. Diodon eydouxiti—Leis, 1978. A specimen was captured about 100 mi north of the Manu’a Islands. This species is pelagic during its entire life history. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758. Tauta, tautu. Diodon hystrix—Schmeltz, 1869. Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804. Tauta, tautu. Chilomycterus orbicularis—Schmeltz, 1874. As Diodon holocanthus, Schultz, 1943. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful for the generous assistance of 40 taxonomists cited above in association with the families and genera they have studied. John E. Randall deserves special thanks for his help with a wide range of taxonomic problems and for his guidance at every phase of this endeavor. Barry Goldman, Roger Lubbock, William D. Pedro, Henry S. Sesepasara, D. Ian Swan, Stanley N. Swerdloff, and Gordon S. Yamasaki are acknowledged for their diving assistance in collecting fishes. Peter Batty, Patrick G. Bryan, Fa’atauva’a L. Kitiona, Ronald Needham, Melvin Makaiwi, Paul Pedro, William D. Pedro, Roger Pflum, and Wallace Thompson donated fishes. A. L. Phillipp provided equipment and support for collecting efforts in Western Samoa. Fanene Laulu, Ti’eti’e Leo, Ponapati Liolio, and Mamae U. Poti were members of the committee providing Samoan fish names. The committee was chaired by William D. Pedro. Tupuola Leuta and Lua’itaua F. Vili also provided Samoan names. Palauni Tuiasosopo assisted with the spelling and punctuation of Samoan names. John E. Randall and Amold Y. Suzumoto of the B. P. Bishop Museum, Victor G. Springer and staff of the U.S. Na- 33 tional Museum, and William N. Eschmeyer and John E. Mc- Cosker of the California Academy of Sciences assisted my ex- amination of fishes at their respective institutions. Mary-Melissa Hutchins, Fuasami A. Sa’umani, Titiula M. To’omata, and Caroline P. Umebayashi typed the manuscript. I would also like to thank my wife, Carol, for tolerating the deposition of fish specimens in the kitchen sink and family freezer. The project was funded by the Federal Aid in Fish Restoration Act (P. L. 81-681) Project No. F-2-R. ADDENDUM Three of the unidentified species listed above have been described or identified since the checklist went to press. Cephalopholis sp. on page 11 has been identified as C. analis (Valenciennes im Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828) by John E. Randall; Paracaesio sp. on page 16 has been described as P. stonei Raj and Seeto, 1983; and Preragogus sp. on page 22 has been described as P. cryptus Randall, 1981. Eight new species distribution records have also been subsequent- ly documented for Samoa. The alphonsin Beryx decadactylus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829 was caught by a handline fisherman at 160 m. This species also represents a new family record (Berycidae) for Samoa. Three new serranids were handlined at 180-220 m. Their identities were confirmed by John E. Randall and include Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828); Epinephelus truncatus Katayama, 1957; and Holanthias tapui Randall, Maugé, and Plessis, 1979. Two labrids can be added to the list. Cymolutes praetextatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834) (BPBM 28935) was speared at 1 m and Polylepion russelli (Gomon and Randall, 1975) was handlined at 100 m. The gempylid Epinnula magistralis Poey, 1854 was handlined from 150 m. Finally, John E. Randall has written that the recently described holocentrid Sargocentron legros (Allen and Cross, 1983) is represented by Samoan specimens (BPBM 17500) in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum collection which were collected at Fagatele Bay at 30 m. Including the above additions, the list now totals 999 species representing 114 families and 294 species previously unrecorded from Samoa. LITERATURE CITED AKIHITO, P., and K. MEGURO. 1980. On the six species of the genus Bathygobius found in Japan. [In Jpn., Engl. summ.] Jpn. J. Ichthyol. 27:215-236. ALLEN, G. R. 1975. Damselfishes of the south seas. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, N.J., 240 p. 1978. Anemonefische. Mergus Press, Melle, West Germany, 106 p. ALLEN, G. R., and J. E. RANDALL. 1974. Five new species and a new genus of damselfishes (Family Pomacen- tridae) from the South Pacific Ocean. Trop. Fish Hobbyist 22(9):36~46, 48-49. ANDERSON, W. D., Jr. 1981. Anew species of Indo-west Pacific Evelis (Pisces: Lutjanidae), with com- ments on other species of the genus. Copeia 1981:820-825. BORODIN, N. A. 1932. Scientific results of the yacht ‘‘A/va’’ world cruise, July, 1931 to March, 1932, in command of William K. Vanderbilt. Bull. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus. 1(3):65-101. 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Synopsis of the tribe Omobranchini with descriptions of three new genera and two new species (Pisces: Blenniidae). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 130, 31 p. STEINDACHNER, F. 1870. Ichthyologische Notizen. (X.) Akad. Wiss. Wien, Sitz. 61(Part 1): 623-642. 1901. Fische aus dem Stillen Ocean. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896-1897). Akad. Wiss. Wien, Denks. 70:316-318, 483-521. 1906. Zur Fischfauna der Samoa-Inseln. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Sitz. 115(Part 1):1369-1425. WHITEHEAD, P. J. P. 1972. A synopsis of the clupeoid fishes of India. 14:160-256. WILLIAMS, F., P. C. HEEMSTRA, and A. SHAMEEM. 1980. Notes on Indo-Pacific carangid fishes of the genus Carangoides Bleeker. II. The Carangoides armatus group. Bull. Mar. Sci. 30:13-20. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. India INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF FAMILIES / KEATING CES oo dosonond Sd CON TOAO ROO SOO ES OEE eee 30 JNINNIGES. 25.000 san cent GOGO CHOP UH SOS U ORG Gon ae naar 4 INGNCES scodondsaoa anny SONbn SESE seen cee hiiccnas 3 ATONE. Jane go bansed Co DORR R OC OUD Ce err enn aA if AUPE LISIES erate Parene SP a res syar silos iar esfots, oss sce oye! sie oioeie: Sravaie 18 /ANIGIUITCES sp coon denaeoot con aS p BUC OE ADEE Eerie ste 4 /NIOIEIGIGES oscépacesds cdo Cont On BEE Open OREO ear 9 /-VVGITETTIC ES soraGgnd aed blab Cua O CA DICTA ea rence 7 LNDOTO NCES od gue auld toed OOS Re ICBO AHA T eee 13 LUNE ED 5 sadioo o SUD BOD SOS BRNO BOTT Ie EAR eT Sei eee 8 ANU CSICTACES. ction d soho DOROIROARE OO CORA Oa Teo cran 10 Ballistic acme eye rte ernie oe are leieee clay oid hcieleud a Biarse lo wlek 32 LDEMECICES, oxo odboscgoOS us BORN AT RIOR Cr ee eae 20 LASIEIS scccvods ooo SHO OCOD OO CEE eee EES Soares 12 IRADMGRS: so ouduodou ado o CO OAT Bee ae eee ee eee 8 IDTEXANES 6 oo co o gn. cln Oe OO FIO eI ERT Ene ner 13 lDINTENES 32 cavoodone DOSE Cena ee Eee ae cot ae 31 IEnNICS NERC es ee ie SE as 24 SSIES. 55 og08 blo doo COMO CH Re eee Be creer sae etn 24 [SORTINNES n.coW odie coe ees OC SEIT ce eee eee cena Diem 4 BOtLIG AC weet eee een eee eee UE ee 31 BLAM aC Mpapereeraiee tne ores e se hve a ere ahs eo euateidvesteeeestthale 15 LIROYAENS 6:5 o Siow Gg BO SOR CIE ee erent ern tec avr nro 7 Ipulldagtshankstcperta nicer sis.ars claves econ csstaiovs dus tearincteneeees 3 buttentlyfishestrn rye eisai ciel eat persica ane tiem 18 LES CENS 00.5 coon abo HT DOO TIE AeA EE ee Ee tran 7 (CAGSONIGES stoneueree ode een aoe eer aeoor ace e orate 15 Wallionyrnidaemrperer ners sieretenc iene tetova csaisycnvaere' s Gievels see siejayenens 26 (aracant hid ae ree eae ye ii Nia yceeh race couaustebeuaiey sical deedesses ord eyne vs 11 (CHIEMSEE oo aebdcbs deeaoo cee. 6 Se enos mecommeeoco ome dp 14 Carapidacieteierrsc ere ferecins oats ec esses oso Biens Sle) sicisuelel sis Sister 7 G@archarhinidaerpeyr py wcra ater chicas reiecse ois + Se cele eeehe as 3 Cardinal fisheswepytycrecersttar co wicjerecalers ee coors ves lth ante aeteit ahs 13 GentropOmid aeyperya setae te sleet losreval ols ste ioterehabe Sanctyete rele siteteusis 11 Chactodontidacwenmer tessa 3 rere cee elesieveinitele ce eee 18 CHENTCES . 5 ASS6.H8 OO. ORO ENO IEE ERE SIC neon ieee A GCantthe 3... 63.os.5 506 RASS OU OE OR Ee ee eee tere eee 19 (CAPM GR Ce doa ob 6 Ca Obed On aoa n ce Cane Seach ate 20 GIST NES Gc ola Cac aeh oo dig Vom Utero tos Mia rece Cine aeen 7 CHEE cod csuoldudhe paOuE oR OOS RIO Mere O ESE Ore Tee 6 CONTE? CaS oc oscoad costo SABO OUU EOS 6 Orne See eee S nore 6 Gon eri ae eRe ee NS Aye users See erie seave esloumeaye tre 6 GOMAEITA NS oo. chido dd Ba bae Sen coe aod Sie eee Sei a ee 10 Cony phaenid aewerr peter tersrers arene ccs ra retoros evar oteictats eave st 15 (Cresatiee.o.s'ou odibidiae gina cau Erol roteiae tea cio een mice eer te 24 G@USSGES cc oducsontss bo oe SO COS OR PEO Er Ey 6 tem or ert 7 IDRC SRS: tise cocoa ROA GO He COMORES BR See nels 11 Clam selfishes wey gps craters see ste Paka ch hese pee ee ha od b beanchcieu Sioysaels 19 IDES ALM ES 6 -ss te risbonds Gamer hole Remain tae renin ial eee 4 MIOd ONT aC wer N eee rere er he asiele oleinioiore ln ees aie 33 dog hishtshatksprermrscci cesses cy oeclarstals antsy oiaie: capensis 4 Golphinsarertry tect ae erie eenttren elekc vers clea thse aves nares 15 GESOMNES 5 cen. cinGeato e SOOO LOCO Osc Caen 26 dwarhirockfishesmrr rise mice riecichies cece ene oe. 11 36 Cagle TayS)..... ¢.0%..c0 005 osles OO RE Ree cen et eee 4 Echeneididae«:s;; 1 -ceicea clone deni eee Ce 14 eelicatfishes ., <::,02:e¢, eye RS ee eee 7 Eleotrididae’ \..< :5/.)..06:0 5. ek ee wack Semele eee 29 Elopidae’: .-. 2... 22.5.5 n2h:is See lee ea EEE ee 4 EMPELOTLS o SoA maaun conan aolae 12 bea AU eyo) re cee ace oie cre ceerele lever yov Tio aio, 8 o evorwre aT MS 11 BALAI CAR aes aso fo,ace 6 ols el ielpiojeeleve. Siei/evei sie SlovexeyerererhedeeetereeTeteys 6 ARAMA oor oats usc rol «SUAS ey te ssoeie tab BONS eve [SlesTe ss OS ETT 6 SURE REDND AON Uefa, 2 orn ce ok ick of ao4 S7es a Hus oy ah cas ovcverevereveversyersrseLeeseenctee 18 TIT TC) 11 AEE cee Sek ae Ae ER eC nS Slee Tee en ECIRPRE OTE tcc 12 SUELISH gests teres oie) eae setae eyo Peetiovs cio aiste ovens OR UE ae 22 SUUE RNS UREA ee ates ng Pee ae cece PN ia Sete oh ay cco agate Sed oe eae PEAT 22 Bi cA ANIUEBNICVANIA Ways oss ace ce cope c etal aha kee lotic obetereletaney esevsenatey Vetere 19 A ATIVAT-TNIOATEA ye iet oleracea yesh s) acaray eeayetteneye) yelehonedsievereloyehen 17 ERTIES Ore Ore REI PIER TG CITED TREAD O ECE OPER O SOTO 17 HATE Eicg eee cee E merrn ce GoD e Ore a ODEO COC Come 10 ETA) haha Une a Aeirce ee PRS cer Ce RETO Oa CACC ne a e 24 EI ec CEE ECE Tena COO DE Lo Dore clan uDoro tos 6,7 ET Ge ech ACRE CTE ERO EO CITEIEOI IG CIEAHIO CL OOO 21 ita Sach coe Re cM met De DEA ne o SHES ORO dee ro ero 22 MTB LIh Dept ne cet tenet OeTe MER IIE IOG Ce DOC eTOOCe EO Onto 30 FIT ee ie RRO S CLE ELCI OE OPT EDICT NC CaSO Choc Chane eek Oe 31 IA em Gbtentioes SUELO ULE DOO OEE OP COP C OOO Onan 13 Vt paisid os mre ste Pale Ot e LACTIC CODCOD OAT ETN 8 39 MUSAMASAM awe ser csrka settee rot tee eke ee 18,20 HUSH aay ereee Pe peg cee te ens bale deulovees as ahs acaaele ate is eee eee EE ee 8 TATE iis 6 Geicih ares eeoetiy nin ln ROR a OOM ea vali 30 Kavala state ores evevors piaeces tare rade oncts Mia aoe SOR On ee 31 KOKO tS seraeres ere aie hee a Sa irae Gc ME ef ores ch a 10 Kolama® cise ais meen is spn eis SS Ae ise re ers RCE a ran 30 Lae Fee A Teas NE RLU ae ee INL a aal Ok Aat Oaa a 23 Taca=mialay ese eet tap atch slept ection ckereauletcla siecle ts ye meee ea Me 24 Leg e=rmn AITVATE UI ere eae ol et cae ages tats leh e ve re eet Stone Ns a rae 23 Jaca=matapuaja see ieee errstsee ste alee .cle ectcniu arc) epee 24 lae@a-Mea tn veveteratcosc erates cons wy corte a cra ii tar fal ea oe 23,24 Nae@a=pallanc fe cer vetoe un mies eis ieasleraars jedohonuieniece cicpmeunk gee eo Reyes 23 | Yo EET aE Raa icine al i eta ch re ese eH ai eat UM en 23 laea=si‘imoaniay Yori eyae a earshepsle ices ee Ne EE ee 23 laea=-tiavela tik se cs Sr Osveeee i (Seals oa mud te i iamtey eae 24 NAC a=CUST se) othe era alike el apa ore US ee ce EO Sera 24 LEYS ES VIE of 0) ¢ ereetictine chetats Gc CRI BIGE Hia’e cacl ese eoecrec corals ati 23 Taea=ulusamiat sce fey nies tees cane reo Cae Paar or ee 23 Jaea=uluto ta) 23s ese cae a de aA RS 23 ] TST tee es een eben ED eRe erent sen aide ree Rin metera aioe 23 Jafale rece ck USE eG od aa a a a dey ER Ne ee 11 LE Vite arerentons Steere riche ie Mesa a cee son cin od cade sua 15 Nala tie ein ose Setad teenie toners Riser eer ee eae 21 lalafizcututimil esti: sees Coe ee ee Cee 21 lalaficematamumu\iasccaeces Lee ee Oe Oe Cnr eee 21 lalafiz-matapua!ayy i. cedure eee ee ere 21 lalafispulepule jae ifisaetseres ce eee Oke Ee 21 Jalafistual auc vation issih ee Ore eee ee 22 lalahutnes oescih fie seteeess arcsec seen esos oO cL totes 15 laleleri tls sions Kites acs ont a MO Cia ee A ne ee 13 Vea rcg eee eh eit aes an tees ec dun te ae aeie ie ot oe a 20 Jal O fiat ect cies Are sts foiaccae tithe cannes aie cork ces ee eA 23 Jato=patalas acai ait ail Nnct saree nonsiah AN Sain ae 20 la otale are ee ea Masse eee tran Saat) eee cre a ar a 7,10 Lape ie sila LE we eee atc 2 a 22 lae= aa richer versace ary sttiete citiege nati Sees hee Sin eae 22 lapezele(eletasreancvarsetarn vaca cacti ty Cote role Marae eS ace 23 Jeapecaly Seeeyssctere seve cheroie cher ereuseel a Concept aera an 22 lape=moanals ees sian cts hear cee eee RAL ORE Eee 23 J ETE TIVE PARR AOS o_o HRT RCIA RP aREn interracial et ns anni I 30 Jeri fau rss 2s ais sais ceeteraisp ares ets sek ce eee 30 Jaulaufau-laumea ses eels ces ae ener 18 Deal yaa aytetactn ayer tea eie werene EER cl a ee yee 17 LAUSIV ais See ere a etoyelcfate yiateieh etalon lars tetelctane ice soar wer ea ea ng AE 20 NOR eee ayer eee sentir ps cana hid te dbve db fat BNR bay eNeve OIeATS SRE Le Teen eee 31 Nepean yeti: rete eet feos Semherarl aa niee oe oat eter earner 17 lQeleleler et hear sete Prone ae aA aa ae 31 |FofZo) 1 TE: Vier ae re ee RU TTA en Re reer- eI rece Cra ora ae ei 30 10) We retehso stir Pat RAMON Cielo 'atr Gini cides pars euch Heese an 11 LOO ay Rasta tse slices se te TS COMO Son ot noes IN ncn ey MEAN nat 31 NU Ea ae ee eer oie. numer a ee ha UPA ir LR ey OER 15 115) oo ert aea al viata aeaa Aree Sn arb natn pe Na aR ee Lot id em 15 Ta POta ee yrs cee eet cee Re eu cree ne om Aeon gE 15 TUpOvaly Ne Says ccn rectus ata eses eee aa ra te Sat eT ne Naeem Se 15 Mai kOlama’ nt ieres ces cNseeeeral ee cochoucla le ease sar eaecuckeral ere stare citer se 30 Fra: TEYA Wiaeea es Sta) APA tcl IO oR ORE RO TEC a 16 TAA PAlePAle eas Aes oes AAI ee ee 16 pri tel =e Bias Ce ee NN TEBE nicenCNS Bio Om OER O Inn on Oro 21 CELE ine at Snir a ie ina OMO TT ar On OEMS Een nat Ato 9 MAFIA Ci kedon dababendodopbonTubonomcacHcUoncaaGas 9 MAIETSHICUE, Soogonongedbe Holds GH boGon Ooae oOo CooEearT 9 MMA eAlea Ula Meare vcysteyversy race cteiavelay spev araicve eral clave ajare'eei ay otai'e!es ovejaus 15 MlAlauli-aparmOatialyepsyrayctey screen ace siese versace as] s?s ayers wleveleyeys see 15 Malaulingutupa Carrey riciesiisie1arcies eve cisraieia o's aterchs aie, ove ayes 15 mialaulicmatalaposareypeteteelejerciave cocouossondese ee oehonananaHeebaowaae 25 MEO ORNB. os coves oooonsoomssu bene vsoromepetierss od 24,25 MAN OO-SUB Ale Mere Ieee enc ehettsvcncr cx svece tol eseuelsv sits loveconerenelenae 28 PERO OCCUR si doabordosso shou BRA UOnOHCMne he uonniE 30 40 mano'0-taOlo),.); ....5 ss caastecncce eee eC Eee Eee 25 mano!o-to'itoli ... is G ds saaicnie eee wae ee eee 25 MAanNO/O-tOlO? .:2:5's-.iscereae cist cielsies sleVee SSE IRC oe eee .26 MaNOlOHU so c.sc ss speietsetrisloteele nee Oe CECE .30 mano/o-wlutuli’ occ scctsiosierceiesis aoe eee aoe 28 MANO!O=Val aes s.:5, 1014.5 ns,ereirelevese che ste eee eee CEs MAaNO!(O=Val'. s:-)0i<:s;sels sis oe er erste eh ORO eC ORE REECE 28,29 i541: (0): ae tee earn ACT Orisu co copachonacess4- 5 MAOBO) s w/e. s/s isleveraisie siti ar uele execs olstetls CUO EEE OEE 30 TMASHMASH) so) 5) 5:2, : 40. oye so evetecs ete. ve elise 6 no TCO 15 Mata’ ele) oii .it2d occ cys recsrstess wie x sel oS hon cl ORC eee 11 mata‘ele’ele!e 20. ss cis! ardcselerersien ands ha aR eee 17 Matatitaliga ., 5) soi. j00.0/0 ds sists s/ojalerstel» Gre SO rete eee 3 Matala'Oa i... s..j0...2eiswiesasiseeelertene ae eee Oe eee 16 Matamatamul. 0. 5\5:..Fiscsicsessisen eros cio eeee OR eeCOee 17 MataM Us oossieisa ees slvis ean ernie. HOR OO CEE 17 MAata-MUtU oso pecei ees eeus ers esis steysve see eke Seen eee 18 Matapulaliics dcisisis cic Gilicistes s eie tet es A RIe IN Oe eee 13 Matuy’ s.) fo sais. 3 bie see Sa ees etieere Oe Re ROOD C CEO ROEE 16 Mattila io oe se eae diss ca sie see en a aR Oe eee 17 matulau-amuty 5 20. cece seein eee 17 Mattilau-moana, (3/52, 420 fisies nu nerd eee eee 17 Matucloaie) {ecg e ad beets, nate ena Ee 16 MAUD 2 cies 2 I Se el Ce 28 MUASIMISH He) oss isc Nonidet ccs eee ee oe Re eee 17 MOAMOAN 61 ois, 3, desheteec ds cine iate, coals e ane OC EE eee 32 moamoazlega \.. Aides Sean cone cids eee REE EEE 32 MOAMOA-SAMA™ 6) 2.2). <)-ieieceseswisveievale wie oie ences GAO Oe 32 MOAMOa-Uliis i... oie. orks caus Gosensiers sre easier eee 32 MOaMOa-UlUtaG - 2. esc eeeesielals BN Alahoce tae ener eee 32 MOamMoa-Wuto li... Soeciieys chic Meee dececbereten enero ae ae 32 b11(8): lol: Reiner ern. eee PICT OM AEA Bis HGtco0.0 00.5.6 17 Moana-la' ses aie Aes ee Gee Be eee 17 MOGMIM) = ejasers: oes cat cig ects Sede Ee Oe 28 MOEMOEAO.. "So... his Aiad 2 lene eeee ie epee ne soe Se eee Eee 3 110) it ae ener ere mrs t tnt Ae Brien cictoin dbto0d 0.0 00 20 11119 }(0 ee eee REC aia nie bind aia oc'o00 805 14 MO/O-MOaNa’ 2 HA Mba seas cke a ee eee 14 MO/Otal cis s/he Siac hea eee Steen ce ee eee 14,24 TOMU Fes Gods se sculls ade an) acseans arab are Cal gla | ees 15,16 [000 ks: ie: Weer en eat Mier ba ont MEAS OG bo 4 c.0 16 MUlOZO. sys ee ies eR rer attra aera eat eas ae ee 17 mu-mafalaugutuy.:.c2c ss ponte cece eer Eee 16 MiU-mMalaulss ei atens cess oistev ee seer e eevee ais ee eS 10 MU-Matavaival o.csmes ceca eccew eerste ee eR ee 17 F100 0) (—- Poa one ROS Se CRC iGo Gad 600 0.00 16 TOUT as eo is aves ch cncnouscsvonevereniney oenewener otepeverahs el aor ereke einer 15,17 FULT E 1): Ree Oe aie nee een re EPR G Bre AO OIG G6 G12 610°0 0:0,0.c 16 MU=tAIVAl si) oc olen ne wtonten ow hetae eee ee RI SIRR Eee 16 1g) 1) ener ee eee Rem ase OLA ea Smt TMS iG ols G'GG'0.0.00 19 MUtUMUTU of eee ea ce ereeisioic pos lero Slee tere ante tram ee ee 17,18 MULUPUWIU FS Loess A aaveinseie mieten wen corey eee ee aera 5 1110) | eine iret in eas eOn a hron odct coo 600 3 Namuaullt cis. weiss ist sae ee eee EEO Ee 15,31 NANUE seis ae Gey eee ae SORE ere 18 NOLEN nto n RACH o bon coco me Ue Dalo oO nS 15 MALO ioe OS PAA AG ee eee eee 15 )Yo) {) cian rian IAD EI haa c.dicta oo oto Udo 6b 7 110) 1) Ween Since Retin Amr bre OAC Giga c.eisiaieng gio Gee. 7,10 fOfEl OfE aia sya bis Says sey Cee teers 31 (ii a GhE aA S Ooms maatTo Dip oO COdS aD SlooboooODoo0 5 Potala ae aee cr iota es OTP TS, car ee rites SS ee 31 ae A eer SESE CES SCRE eT SR 30 CLE Tete er etc art Cae ea cactee oe, ROI A OAs PREY 2 ae 30 palasi-siiUsiNales sc sehen eS ct trench etre 30 PIS omen parece et vl Mant ron Mah aay Sa ane 16 Palir-aloalo eerie: cot Soyer nel ROR MR el Se ee ee rete 16 oalun- abusers seis eine ae MeN ner ent nie See 16 AN EAVG horse stv cis s, o8 Seen ae arse eh ea ee 16 Palu-ena en ad ansPeete ts pepo pS ane eee 16 Pal Cutusilivainsy oS Nes oT ete ene on ya a eee 16 [DETTE TICET TEE eee OES ary Care ie RP AIA Mane My, 16 Bale KamUrO rayne tory eae, Pe eRe ere ROA Ly 31 [palin A Reon cate Ree Le ae ieee CURR A iy al 16 [BETTS COE Ue eae IPN Pe Cola ect nd ne RN UR 16 Paltremak Omak Gwe ers oa ea cole 16 Palucmialaulle tary sotre ey ee OAs Nae aL ese ee: 16 fake VEST TATU Steers cc cy eerie A Oe) MP ae OR It 16 pallu palepa emcee eye ee ie eRe ae oot ea 16 [EATS Se i eg i a eA eta ae Pt 16 PAUSINI A Sr ere Sco eo OE RE Sey eran 16 palucsina-upatele renter tye Soe a Ree 16 Pealnetala tala eps sr eit fay) PMO SoA ae Rn a eee 31 pal tOmalo wes secre eee A REE Pek oe REE aE 31 PaluetuaSaM aie yee key oN cv eee tet 16 olen tua ultiy fesse acetates ole erik Re ee PaaS Ae 16 SzlITEITE eee oo ae He ce Sern Ren mE Roe am ake 16 Palit-fuisiin OANA wae cee sol olev eval TaioiskeleiTerce-eir ooe ba eeractae 16 pee EY See Sree ere eee a ry RS Re ar ere es Cm Ti 16 Pct Oa erates checcta ts erste os ein ores ee ee 29,30 POPU i rant closer aleve dare cies ark s Sym Te aieis BT ET 28,30 pole ¢ acto E Da cOneHBrrats COGCn AO GE Oe Ae Ane pice doG 6 12 Papata-pulepulesc-yaysssrsuse ye vereie vere evereee feist false 5 Papal a-Cusitusliee yey torte cy veh arye ee ec ole RE 5 (PATHE Soa cometh Be ele oe eRPne nae Peres Meo n te Fer 12 Paltacalodareys: Myst yee esis a eet etl Tea TCTs LA: 23 EEL @L Hy A ees eercrel Sty 10 GRAPE TEEN PRET RE 23 (SZ Sele oat COREE aE On AEE Omen mre te Ron Tie 31 DEHLI AS Si la ict a Oren ice rea Caan eae eee ae 32 ANU AlO=PULLIMI eee se ee aee saison heer eee eee 32 [SCE E ies ences aera vce IER To Coe Oni PRs ene 18,30,31 PIC fAPS A= Ups payer ees ene rae sie er ea ade violet Oe ead ose rie SGI: 18 Salo Pe Sonera aoe Ssh obo AaHAn me healer ae 6 PDIP Upeeregser cece seo she tele trsle be aaa ceroateveie a adore ovale cite Mateos See 19 PILOPI Oe tones erste Tees Pete soins asa C EER oe 31 POOL as feces, theta tee eg iy Pe hen ue aaiyc eed S te ot ana eA USE Gat 7,20 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Salle sre crete spar tcneucsor cee airs cote ROS GATE Oe 13 Salalaverar.ctscicrsterey dese eieie ecsaperele ave Ri aE cE ee 6 Sallele apecstensistays cea e arc ivtone leoin ave ore ea eee 13 SALI MME ogra eaaeaL N o e 8 SAMAN A ever sy a keceserenseices aces ce toed shee Sa eee ee ose 15 SAOSAO WT yetarsy or eleva esa teket ashe baperay Stayer eta et teat ea eeko ice a eat ee 20 SAD ACUI ARR Eevarc ete Te ornare tec coy eee SEGA AE ee ear RS 20 SAPO JANAG Terme ap cect nce cret sector nee ei renee cra Fears eee eee age 15 SAU Lae eetiycticys svae siete bsecs sss eee) srente «ere tera tenses raateah aes haere seca reee aes 31 Sala leles was rargcsaiey craters Col oo stere even eraee Pe Ea aes ea 31 SAUIA-OSOS see hataverers tesa eee re eee e Nese ee eRe FAL Re oem 31 SAUSAUHlEley Misch reten te asttrore ch chete aloe errane ge oer Eoee ee Fees 10 SAVANE Wire ter stone launtia ate hii sceeiascr aise pm ae Meelict ei eneta lupe vomeiet orerate talateas 16 SaVane-UlasSAMALe wan ismen ith 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