,^^^^°^-o^ NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-685 ""^ATES O^ ^ An Annotated List of Larval and Juvenile Fishes Captured With Surface-Towed Meter Net in the South Atlantic Bight During Four RV Dolphin Cruises Between May 1967 and February 1968 MICHAEL p. FAHAY SEATTLE, WA March 1975 ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION / Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report— Fisheries Series The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fisher,- resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations. sur\'eillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assisU the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report— Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publica- tion of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from D83. Technical Information Division, Environmental Science Information Center, NOAA. Washington, D.C. 20235. Recent SSRF's are; 619. Macrozooplankton and small nekton in the coastal waters off Vancouver Island (Canada) and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. By Donald S. Day. January 1971. iii + 94 pp.. 19 figs.. 13 tables. 635. A bibliography of the blackfin tuna, Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson). By Grant L. Beardsley and David C. Simmons. August 1971, 10 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 620. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. Part IX: The sea-level wind field and wind stress values. July 1963 to June 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970. iii + 66 pp.. 5 figs. 636. Oil pollution on Wake Island from the tanker R. C Stoner. By Reginald M. Gooding- May 1971. iii + 12 pp.. 8 figs.. 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 621. Predalion by sculpins on fall chinook salmon. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. fry of hatchery origin. By Benjamin G. Patten. February 1971, iii -*- 14 pp.. 6 figs., 9 tables. 622. Number and lengths, by season, of fishes caught with an otter trawl near Woods Hole. Massachusetts, September 1961 to December 1962. By F. E. Lux and F. E. Nichy. February 1971, iii + 15 pp., 3 figs.. 19 tables. 623. Apparent abundance, distribution, and migrations of albacore, Thunnus alalunga. on the North Pacific longline grounds. By Brian J. Rothschild and Marian Y. Y. Yong. September 1970. v -h 37 pp.. 19 figs.. 5 tables. 624. Influence of mechanical processing on the quality and yield of bay scallop meats. By N. B. Webb and F. B. Thomas. April 1971. iii + 11 pp.. 9 figs.. 3 tables. 625. Distribution of salmon and related oceanographic features in the North Pacific Ocean, spring 1968. By Robert R, French. Richard G. Bakkala, Masanao Osako, and Jun Ito. March 1971, iii + 22 pp., 19 figs.. 3 tables. 626. Commercial fishery and biology of the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium , in the Lower St, Paul River, Liberia, 1952-53. By George C. Miller. February 1971. iii + 13 pp., 8 figs., 7 tables. 627. Calico scallops of the Southeastern United States. 1959-69. By Robert Cummins, Jr. June 1971. iii + 22 pp.. 23 figs.. 3 tables, 628. Fur Seal Investigations, 1969. By NMFS. Marine Mammal Biological Laboratory. August 1971. 82 pp.. 20 figs.. 44 tables. 23 appendix A tables. 10 appendix B tables. 629. Analysis of the operations of seven Hawaiian skipjack tuna fishing vessels, June- August 1967, By Richard N. Uchida and Ray F, Sumida. March 1971. v + 25 pp.. 14 figs., 21 tables. For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Of- fice. Washington, DC. 20402. 637. Occurrence of larval, juvenile, and mature crabs in the vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina. By Donnie L. Dudley and MayoH. Judy. August 1971. iii + 10 pp., 1 fig., 5 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C, 20402, 638. Length-weight relations of haddock from commercial landings in New England, 1931-55. By Bradford E. Brown and Richard C, Hennemuth, August 1971, v -f 13 pp.. 16 figs.. 6 tables. 10 appendix A tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 639 A hydrographic sur\'ey of the Galveston Bay system. Texas 1963-66. By E. J. Pulien, W, L, Trent, and G.B.Adams. October 1971, v -f 13 pp.. 15 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 640. Annotated bibliography on the fishing industry and biology of the blue crab. Callinectps saptdus. By Martin E. Tagatz and Ann Bowman Hall. August 1971, 94 pp. For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, 641. Use of threadfin shad. Dorosoma petenense, as live bait during experimental pole- and-line fishing for skipjack tuna, Katsuuonus pelamts, in Hawaii. By Robert T. B, Iversen. August 1971. iii -f 10 pp., 3 figs.. 7 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of DocumenU. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 642. Atlantic menhaden Breuoortia tyrannus resource and fishery— analysis of decline. By Kenneth A. Henr\-. August 1971. v -f 32 pp.. 40 figs.. 5 appendix figs.. 3 tables. 2 appendix tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 643. Surface winds of the southeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean , By John M , Steigner and Merton C. Ingham. October 1971. iii -I- 20 pp.. 17 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U,S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 630. Blue crab meat, I, Preservation by freezing, July 1971. iii + 13 pp., 5 figs., 2 tables. II. Effect of chemical treatments on acceptability. By Jurgen H, Strasser, Jean S. Lennon. and Frederick J. King. July 1971, iii -t- 12 pp.. 1 fig.. 9 tables, 631. Occurrence of ihiaminase in some common aquatic animals of the United States and Canada. By R. A. Greig and R. H. Gnaedinger. July 1971, iii + 7 pp., 2 tables. 632. An annotated bibliography of attempts to rear the larvae of marine fishes in the laboratory. By Robert C, May. August 1971. iii + 24 pp., 1 appendix I table. 1 appendix II table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 633. Blueing of processed crab meat, II. Identification of some factors involved in the blue discoloration of canned crab meat CaUinectes sapidus. By Melvin E. Waters. May 1971. iii + 7 pp.. 1 fig.. 3 tables. 634. Age composition, weight, length, and sex of herring, Clupea pallasii. used for reduc- tion in Alaska. 1929-66. By Gerald M. Reid. July 1971. iii + 25 pp., 4 figs., 18 tables. 644. Inhibition of flesh browning and skin color fading in frozen fillets of yelloweye snapper (Lutzanus vwanus). By Harold C. Thompson. Jr., and Mary H. Thompson. February 1972, iii + 6 pp.. 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402, 645. Traveling screen for removal of debris from rivers. By Daniel W, Bates, Ernest W. Murphey. and Martin G. Beam. October 1971, iii + 6 pp.. 6 figs., I table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 646. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations in the Columbia and Snake Rivers in 1970 and their effect on chinook salmon andsteelhead trout- By Wesley J. Ebel. August 1971, iii + 7 pp.. 2 figs., 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 647. Revised annotated list of parasites from sea mammals caught off the west coast of North America. By L. Margolts and M. D. Dailey. March 1972. iii + 23 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. Continued on inside back cover. NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-685 An Annoted List of Larval and Juvenile Fishes Captured With Surface-Towed Meter Net in the South Atlantic Bight During Four RV Dolphin Cruises Between May 1967 and February 1968 MICHAEL P. FAHAY SEATTLE WA March 1975 UNITED STATES / NATIONAL OCEANIC AND / National Marine DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION / Fisheries Service Fredefick B. Dent, Sectetaf) / Robert M White, Administrator / Robert W Schoning. Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government ^4^^^^^^^^^ Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402 '"'WfNT Of ^ The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Materials and methods 1 Results 3 List of fishes Elopidae 14 Muraenidae 14 Congridae 14 Ophichthidae 14 Nemichthyidae 14 Clupeidae 15 Engraulidae 15 Synodontidae 15 Myctophidae 15 Antennariidae 15 Gadidae 16 Ophidiidae 16 Exocoetidae 16 Belonidae 19 Atherinidae 19 Holocentridae 20 Syngnathidae 20 Priacanthidae 20 Apogonidae 20 Pomatomidae 21 Echeneidae 21 Carangidae 21 Coryphaenidae 24 Lutjanidae 24 Lobotidae 24 Sparidae 24 Sciaenidae 25 Mullidae 25 Kyphosidae 26 Chaetodontidae 26 Pomacentridae 26 Mugilidae 26 Sphyraenidae 27 Uranoscopidae 27 Blenniidae 27 Gobiidae 27 Gempylidae 27 Scombridae 27 Xiphiidae 30 Istiophoridae 30 Stromateidae 30 Scorpaenidae 31 Triglidae 31 Dactylopteridae 31 Bothidae 31 Soleidae 31 Cynoglossidae 32 Balistidae 32 Ostraciidae 35 Tetraodontidae 35 Diodontidae 35 Unidentified 35 iii Acknowledgments 35 Literature Cited 36 Figures 1. RV Dolphin survey, 1967-68 2 2. Familial constituents of total surface-towed, meter net catch during 1967-68 5 3. Surface temperatures observed during spring, 1967 6 4. Surface temperatures observed during summer, 1967 7 5. Surface temperatures observed during fall, 1967 8 6. Surface temperatures observed during winter, 1968 9 7. Number of fish categories caught during spring, 1967 10 8. Number of fish categories caught during summer, 1967 11 9. Number of fish categories caught during fall, 1967 12 10. Number of fish categories caught during winter, 1968 13 11. Distribution of spotted hake during winter, 1968 17 12. Abundance of spotted hake relative to surface temperatures during winter, 1968 18 13. Postlarval Apogon maculatus 21 14. Juvenile Elagatis bipinnulata 23 15. Unidentified postlarval Lutjanus sp 25 16. Distribution of striped mullet during winter, 1968 28 17. Distribution of white mullet during spring, 1967 29 18. Head of hypothetical istiophorid larva 30 19. Occurrence of two species of Monacanthus during four survey cruises 34 Tables 1. RV Z)o/p/jin survey, 1967-68. Locations of collecting stations 3 2. Summary of fish categories showing numbers caught and seasons present 4 3. Number caught and length range for three species of flyingfishes 19 4. Diel occurrences and maximum sizes of two species of halfbeaks 19 5. Summary of catch data for Decapterus punctatus 23 6. Dolphin: number caught and length range 24 7. Seasonal catch of two species of mullet 27 8. Summary of catch data for Bothus ocellatus 31 9. Diel variations in catch of juvenile tetraodontids 35 Appendix Table Station list 38 IV. An Annotated List of Larval and Juvenile Fishes Captured With Surfaee-Tow^ed Meter Net in the South Atlantic Bight During Four RV Dolphin Cruises Between May 1967 and February 1968 MICHAEL p. FAHAY' INTRODUCTION In December 1965, the Sandy Hook Laboratory began a 2 yr preliminary survey of the Atlantic con- tinental shelf to determine spawning times and locations for marine fishes and to describe dispersal patterns of larvae and juveniles. During the first year we worked from Martha's Vineyard, Mass., to Cape Lookout, N.C. (Clark et al. 1969). Beginning in May 1967, we sampled the South Atlantic Bight from New River, N.C, to Palm Beach, Fla., at quarterly inter- vals. A description of our sampling technique, temperature and salinity profiles, zooplankton volumes, and a familial list of young fishes collected in a surface-towed meter net are presented in Clark et al. (1970). The purpose of this report is to list the fishes caught in the meter net by species and to com- ment on some of the occurrences. Several faunal lists (mostly of demersal fishes) per- taining to the South Atlantic Bight have recently been published. Struhsaker (1969) presented a list of demersal fishes captured during a 5 yr trawling survey of the continental shelf off southeastern United States. Bullis and Thompson (1965) listed fishes taken with a variety of gears (mostly trawls) during a four-vessel survey of the shelf and slope from Cape Hatteras to Brazil. Anderson (1968) presented records of fishes taken during shrimp trawling operations between Cape Romain, S.C., and Cape Kennedy, Fla. Dooley (1972) listed fishes closely associated with sargassum in the Florida Current near Miami. An im- portant difference between his work and that reported here is depth and location of sampling. Dooley intend- ed to sample fishes associated with sargassum while our intent was to sample the surface ichthyofauna at stations along the cruise track of our survey. Dooley thus used a purse seine to collect fishes in the upper 5.2 m of the water column around sargassum ac- cumulations, while we used a net which never sam- pled deeper than 1 m and we also sampled the surface close to shore and away from weed accumulations. Furthermore, Dooley selected large rafts of sargassum 'Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Highlands, NJ 07732. to surround with his purse seine while we sampled along straight lines originating at predetermined stations, and sampled sargassum only as chance provided small clumps in the path of our net. Therefore, Dooley specifically sampled the sargassum community while we sampled the surface fauna which occasionally included the sargassum community. Although we noticed close associations of some species to sargassum clumps, it was a shortcoming of our sampling procedure that we neglected to record the volume of weed contained in the net on each tow. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collecting stations are shown in Figure 1 and their positions are listed in Table 1. The Appendix Table contains dates, times, and physical data pertaining to each cruise and station. Positions are based on LORAN navigation and are accurate to within 1.8 km ( 1 nautical mile). Surface temperatures were obtained with stem thermometers, accurate to ±0.1°C, mechanical bathythermographs, and a strip-chart recorder which provided a continuous record over the cruise track. Salinities were measured with a Tsurumi Salinity, Temperature, Depth Recorder during the May cruise; thereafter with a Beckman RS5-3 Salinometer. Sunrise and sunset times (U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey 1967, 1968) were corrected for latitude, longitude, and local time. When any part of a tow occurred within 1 h of sunrise or sunset, that tow was considered a crepuscular one and is labelled either "dawn" or "dusk" in the Appendix Table. The net we used to sample the surface ichthyofauna consisted of a reinforced steel ring 1 m in diameter to which was attached a 4 m long conical nylon net with rectangular apertures of 3.3 X 6.4 mm (0.13 X 0.25 in). The net was connected to the fixed towing line with a three-legged bridle and was towed from an out- board boom which held the net about 2 m away from the hull of the vessel while sampling. The mouth of the net was amidships, well behind the bow wake. Ap- proximately 75*^7 of the mouth was submerged at all times. Tows lasted 30 min and covered about 4.6 km (2.5 nautical miles). When the net contained sargassum weed, we picked through it manually "^ 3£ Figure 1.— RV Dolphin sur- vey, 1967-68. Locations of transects and collecting stations. k- 12 3 4 5 6 CAPE KENNEDY .2.3 i P LL 12 3 f MM PALM BEACH BAHAMAS- JC Table 1.— RV Dolphin sxirvey, 1967-G8. Locations of collecting stations. Locations are given by coordinates of north latitude over west longitude, listed to the nearest 0.5 nautical mile (0.9 km). Stations Transect 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AA 34°28.5' 34°24.0' 34''20.0' 34°11.0' 34=02.5' 33=49.5' 33°37.0' 77°23.0' 77°19.5' 77''16.5' 77''10.5' 77=04.5' 76=55.5' 76°47.0' BB 33°49.5' 33°45.5' 33°36.5' 33°28.0' 33=19.5' 33°06.0' 78°03.5' 78°01.0' 77°55.0' 77=49.5' 77°44.0' 77=35.0' CC 33°44.5' 33°40.5' 33°36.0' 33°27.5' 33=19.5' 33=06.5' 32=54.0' 78°44.0' 78°41.0' 78''37.5' 78=31.5' 78=25.0' 78=15.5' 78=06.5' DD 33°10.5' 33°06.5' 33=02.5' 32=54.5' 32=46.5' 32=35.5' 79°05.5' 79''02.0' 78°58.0' 78=51.0' 78=44.0' 78=34.0' EE 32°39.5' 32°35.5' 32°32.0' 32=25.0' 32=18.0' 32=07.5' 79°49.0' 79°44.0' 79°40.0' 79=31.0' 79=22.0' 79=09.5' FF 32°00.0' 3r55.0' 31°49.5' 31=44.5' 31=37.5' 31=30.0' 80°43.0' 80°32.5' 80''21.5' 80=10.5' 79=56.0' 79=40.5' GG 31°03.0' 31°02.0' 31°01.5' 31=00.0' 30=58.0' 30=55.5' 30°54.0' 81°14.0' 81°08.0' 81''02.5' 80=51.0 80=34.0' 80=17.0 80=00.0' HH 30°24.0' 30°23.5' 30° 23.0' 30=22.0' 30=21.5' 30=20.0 30=19.0' 81°22.0' 81°16.0' 81''10.0' 80=59.0' 80=47.5' 80=30.0 80=13.0' JJ 29°42.5' 29°43.0' 29°43.5 29=45.0' 29=46.5 29=48.5' 81°13.0' 81°07.0' 81°02.0' 80=49.5' 80=32.0 80=14.0' KK 29°05.0' 29°05.0' 29°05.5' 29=05.5' 29=06.0' 29=06.0' 80°53.5' 80°47.5' 80°42.0' 80=30.5' 80=19.0' 80=08.0' LL 28='22.5' 28°22.5' 28°23.0' 28=23.5 28=24.0' 80°32.0' 80°26.5' 80°21.0' 80=09.5 79=58.0 MM 27°42.5' 27°43.0' 27°44.0' 27=46.0' 80°21.0' 80°15.5' 80°10.0' 79=55.5' NN 27°10.0' 27°10.5 27°11.0' 27=11.5' 80°08.0' 80°02.5' 79°56.5' 79=50.5' PP 26°46.0' 80°01.0' 26°46.5' 79°55.5' 26°47.0' 79°50.0' because we found that agitating the weed in water did not dislodge certain fishes (notably baUstids, anten- nariids, syngnathids, gadids, and anguilliform lep- tocephali). All fishes captured were preserved for later identification and measurement. The arrangement of the list of fishes is phylogenetic and follows Greenwood et al. (1966). Names follow Bailey et al. (1970). The catch of each species is separated by cruise (italicized) then listed as follows: station where caught, total number captured, length or length range in millimeters. Measurements are of fork length, unless SL (standard length) or TL (total length) are specified. The designation "mut" in- dicates that identification or measurement was im- possible due to mutilation of the specimen. RESULTS We caught 10,741 fishes belonging to 158 categories including 51 families and 107 identified species (Table 2). Variety of species was greatest within the families Carangidae (17 species), Balistidae (13 species), and Exocoetidae (15 species). The proportions of the total catch contributed by each family are shown in Figure 2. Over the inshore part of the shelf, catches were augmented when we sampled along windrows of debris and stems of Phragmites sp. and Spartina sp. Offshore catches were augmented when we sampled among rafts of sargassum. Surface temperatures over the offshore part of the shelf varied little throughout the year (Fig. 3-6, and Clark et al. 1970) and this stability was reflected in a fairly uniform catch during all four seasons. Fishes strongly seasonal in occurrence (such as Mugil cephalus, Mullus auratus, Pomatomus saltatrix, and Urophycis regius) were taken mainly over the inshore part of the shelf where temperatures ranged from 7.8°C in January to 28.1°C in July. Several species were surprisingly absent from our collections (for example the carangids Trachurus lathami and Selene vomer and larvae of the family Acanthuridae) or were collected only rarely despite their reportedly common status (for example Selar crumenophthalmus, Lobotes surinamensis, and Cantherhines pullus). These species may be common under rafts of sargassum and susceptible to capture by Dooley's (1972) purse seine but may not be strongly enough surface oriented to be susceptible to capture with a net towed within 1 m of the surface. Opportunities for comparing day and night catches are limited since we never occupied a station long enough to sample consecutively during both light regimes. Catches of some species, however, were noticeably greater at night. The halfbeaks Table 2. — Summary offish categories showing numbers caught and seasons present. Category Total Number number caught per Seasons caught occurrence present Category Total Number number caught per Seasons caught occurrence present Slops saurus 12 1.09 SpSFW Apogon maculatus 1 1.00 S Unidentified Muraenidae 33 1.94 SpSF Apogon sp. 1 1.00 Sp Unidentified Congridae 7 1.16 SFW Astrapogon sp. 2 2.00 W Bascanichthys sp. 1 1.00 W Pomatomus saltatrix 14 1.27 Sp Myrophis punctatus 1 1.00 W Remora remora 2 2.00 S Unidentified Ophichthidae 44 2.44 SpSFW Caranx bartholomaei 19 1.26 SpSFW Unidentified Nemichthyidae 3 1.00 WSp C. fusus 59 3.10 SpSFW Brevoortia tyrannus 17 8.50 W C. hippos 5 1.66 SpS Brevoortia sp. 87 9.66 W C. tatus 2 1.00 SpS Etrumeus teres 34 11.33 W C. ruber 59 2.68 SpSF Opisthonema oglinum 3 1.00 SF Caranx sp. 11 1.57 WSpS Sardinella anchovia 49 9.80 SpSFW Chloroscombrus chrysurus 8 1.60 SpSF Unidentified Clupeidae 112 7.46 SpSFW Decapterus punctatus 826 12.32 SpSFW Anchoa hepsetas 219 24.33 SpSFW Elagatis bipinnulata 8 1.14 SpS A. mitchilli 33 8.25 WSp Naucrates ductor 2 1.00 Sp A. nasuta 81 13.50 SFW Selar crumenophthalmus 3 1.00 SpS Anchoa sp. 123 9.46 SpSFW Seriola dumenli 11 1.57 FWSp Engraulis eurystole 1 1.00 W S. fasciata 2 1.00 SF Unidentified Engraulidae 61 3.38 SpSFW S. rivoliana 8 1.33 SF Synodus foetens 7 1.75 WSp S. zonata 1 1.00 Sp Unidentified Synodontidae 2 1.00 W Seriola sp. 73 1.97 SpSFW Unidentified Myctophidae 10 2.50 FW Trachinotus carolinus 15 1.87 Sp Histrio histrio 48 1.65 SpSFW T. falcatus 9 1.28 SpSFW Urophycis earlli 2 • 1.00 W T. goodei 2 1.00 SF U. floridanus 15 2.14 W Trachinotus sp. 4 1.00 SpS U. regius 2,678 58.22 WSp Unidentified Carangidae 4 1.33 S Urophycis sp. 5 2.50 Sp Coryphaena equisetis 16 1.60 SpSFW Unidentified Ophidiidae 3 1.00 SpF C. hippurus 76 1.68 SpSFW Chriodorus atherinoides 1 1.00 W Rhom boplites aurorubens 1 1.00 s Cypselurus cyanopterus 1 1.00 F Unidentified Lutjanidae 2 1.00 s C. exsiliens 1 1.00 F Lobotes surinamensis 1 1.00 F C. furcatus 1 1.00 Sp Stenotomus chrysops 3 1.00 Sp C. heterurus 75 1.70 SpSFW Unidentified Sparidae 637 26.54 FWSp Cypselurus sp. 1 1.00 F Cynoscion nothus 5 5.00 F Euleptorhamphus velox 1 1.00 F Larimus fasciatus 1 1.00 F Exocoetus obtusirostris 10 2.50 WSp Leiostomus xanthurus 22 2.44 FW E. volitans 3 1.00 WSp Stellifer lanceolatus 1 1.00 F Hemiramphus brasiliensis 64 2.06 SpSFW Mutlus auratus 126 4.06 WSp Hirundichthys affinis 2 1.00 WSp Pseudupeneus maculatus 1 1.00 Sp H rondeleti 7 1.40 SpS Unidentified MuUidae 23 2.87 WSp Hyporhamphus unifasciatus 40 3.07 SpSFW Kyphosus incisor 9 1.12 SFW Oxyporhamphus micropterus 5 1.66 SF K. sectatrix 9 2.25 F Parexocoetus brachypterus 164 3.72 SpSF Holacanthus tricolor 1 1.00 F Prognichthys gibbifrons 62 1.59 SpSFW Pomacanthus arcuatus 1 1.00 F Unidentified Exocoetidae 11 1.22 WSpS Unidentified Chaetodontidae 1 1.00 S Tylosurus acus 3 1.00 SpSF Abudefduf saxatilis 17 1.70 FW Tylosurus sp. 1 1.00 F Chromis sp. 1 1.00 F Membras martinica 144 28,80 FW Unidentified Pomacentridae 2 1.00 Sp Menidia menidia 41 5.85 FW Mugil cephatus 174 4.83 FWSp Holocentrus sp. 16 1.60 SpSF M. curema 393 6.14 SpSFW Amphelikturus dendriticus 1 1.00 W Mugil sp. 67 3.04 WSp Hippocampus erectus 14 1.27 SpSFW Sphyraena barracuda 2 1.00 s Hippocampus sp. 9 1.12 WSpS S. borealis 10 1.11 FWSp Syngnathus elucens 2 1.00 WSp Unidentified Uranoscopidae 19 1.58 SpSFW S. fuscus 1 1.00 W Unidentified Blenniidae 35 2.18 SpSFW S. pelagicus 9 1.00 SpSFW Unidentified Gobiidae 2 2.00 s S. springeri 12 1.20 WSp Diplospinus multistriatus 2 1.00 FW Syngnathus sp. 2 2.00 F Auxissp. 31 2.81 WSpS Pristigenys alta 44 3.66 S Euthynnus atletteratus 8 2.00 S Table 2.— Summary of figh categories showing numbers caught and seasons present — Continued. Total Number number caught per Seasons Category caught occurrence present rANGUILLIFORM LEPTOCEPHALI Scorn berjaponicus 6 1.20 WSp Scomberomorus macutatus 4 1.00 SpS Thunnus sp. 2 1.00 SpS Xiphias gladius 8 1.33 FWSp Istiophorus platypterus 1 1.00 Sp Makaira nigricans 1 1.00 s Unidentified Istiophoridae (a.) 5 1.66 Sp Unidentified Istiophoridae (b.) 27 1.92 SpSF Nomeus gronovii 6 1.50 WSp Peprilus triacanthus 166 6.15 SpSFW Psenes cyanophrys 13 1.00 WSpS Scorpaena sp. 8 1.14 SpSFW Unidentified Triglidae 7 1.40 SpF Dactytopterus uolitans 3 1.00 SpS Bothus ocellatus 266 4.29 SpSFW Unidentified Bothidae 31 2.81 SpSFW Gymnachirus melas 1 1.00 W Symphurus sp. 1 1.00 F Aluterus heudeloti 5 1.00 SpSF A. monoceros 3 1.50 SF A. schoepfi 9 1.12 SpSF A. scriptus 13 1.44 SpSF Aluterus sp. 1 1.00 Sp Batistes capriscus 44 2.20 SF Batistes sp. 4 2.00 S Cantherhines puttus 7 1.40 SF Canthidermis macutatus 17 1.42 SpSFW C. sufftamen 8 4.00 SpF Monacanthus ciliatus 154 2.96 SpSFW M. hispidus 421 4.43 SpSFW M. setifer 301 11.58 SpSFW M. tuckeri 3 1.50 SW Xanthichthys ringens 1 1.00 F Unidentified triggerfishes 5 1.00 SpS Unidentified filefishes 1,536 11.63 SpSFW Unidentified Ostraciidae 4 1.00 FWSp Sphoeroides sp. 312 3.95 SpSFW Diodon holocanthus 1 1.00 S Diodon hystrix 1 1.00 s Unidentified 47 1.74 SpSFW Totals 10,741 39.63 Hemiramphus brasiliensis and Hyporhamphus uni- fasciatus, for example, were both more numerous and larger in night tows than in day tows. Conversely the round scad, Decapterus punctatus, and puffers of the genus Sphoeroides were prevalent in day tows. The accumulating effect of weed during all hours, however, might modify the diel behavior of juvenile fishes for day-night differences in the catch of most species closely associated with sargassum were not ap- parent. Although the larvae of many species were caught during more than one cruise, if not throughout the year, spawning which contributes young fishes to the surface fauna of the South Atlantic Bight is at a max- MULLIDAE CORYPHAENIDAE Figure 2. — Familial constituents of total surface-towed, meter net catch during 1967-68. imum in the spring and summer. Figures 7 through 10 show the seasonal diversity in larval and juvenile ichthyofauna at the surface. During the winter (Fig. 10), the ranges of the few species occurring in inshore surface waters (notably Urophycis regius, Mugil cephalus, Mullus auratus, Leiostomus xanthurus and unidentified sparid larvae) extend offshore and overlap with the ranges of Gulf Stream inhabitants, resulting in an area of increased variety over the mid- dle shelf north of Cape Kennedy. Except for the obvious inshore species such as Anchoa mitchilli and offshore species such as istiophorids and exocoetids, lines between inshore and offshore species are not clearly drawn. A more definite separation exists between those species occurring primarily in the Gulf Stream (Histrio histrio, and some flyingfishes) and those ranging over the con- tinental shelf. The average number of each species taken per successful tow (Table 2) indicates that most of the fishes caught had not yet begun to aggregate or at least occurred in such low densities that large catches were precluded. Schooling was apparent in very few species (i.e., anchovies, silversides, scads, and butter- fish). Possibly the protective value of schooling (Breder 1967) is less necessary in surface waters where weed or debris are available for cover. An area used as a nursery by developing fishes must provide a food source, protection from predation, and suitable hydrographic conditions. Both the Gulf Stream, with its floating mats of sargassum, and in- shore bays and estuaries fulfill the first two re- quirements, but the two areas differ markedly in SURFACE ISOTHERMS CO CRUISE D 67 4 MAY 7-15. 1967 Figure 3. — Surface temperatures observed during spring, 1967. SURFACE ISOTHERMS C'C) CRUISE D-67 8 JUL. 22 - AUG, 1 , 1967 Figure 4. — Surface temperatures observed during summer, 1967. SURFACE ISOTHERMS ('O CRUISE 0-67' 16 OCT -*-' '1"- Figure 5.— Surface temperatures observed during fall, 1967. Figure 6. — Surface temperatures observed during winter, 1968. CRUISE Dh57-4. may 1967. NUMBER OF FISH CATEGORIES CAUGHT NONE 1 - 5 6-10 11-15 :;!;H:::: 16 -22 ^^1 Figure 7.— Number of fish categorie§ caught during spring, 1967. 10 r CRUISE D-67-8. JULY -AUGUST 1967. NUMBER OF FISH CATEGORIES CAUGHT NONE 34- : - 5 6 - :o 11-15 :::::::::: i«J : Figure 8.— Number of fish categories caught during summer, 1967. 11 Figure 9. — Number of fish categories cauglit during fall, 1967. 12 Figure 10.— Number of fish categories caught during winter, 1968. 13 hydrographic characteristics, especially temperature, and the differences are magnified during the winter. Those species which apparently spawn offshore and whose larvae migrate toward inshore nurseries as they grow do so in winter and spring when temperatures in- shore and offshore differ greatly. Examples from our collections include Elops saurus, Mugil spp., Leiostomus xanthurus, Brevoortia sp., Synodus spp., Urophycis regius, Trachinotus carolinus, and Scomberomorus maculatus. Offshore spawning and inshore migration of larvae does not occur during summer and fall, when temperatures inshore more closely approximate those in the Gulf Stream. It should be repeated that the data reported on here are the results of only one phase of the sampling done during the Dolphin surveys: the surface-towed meter net collections of larval and juvenile fishes. Not in- cluded are collections made by the Gulf V plankton samplers and subsurface juvenile fish hoops and mid- water trawl. ELOPIDAE Elops saurus Linnaeus ladyfish D-67-1 May AA-2, 1, 30.8 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-7, 1, 28.5 D-67-16 Oct EE-2, 1, 29.9 GG-4, 1, 31.3 HH-6, 2, 24.3-26.3 MM-3, 1, 29.9 D-68-1 Jan-Feb FF-1, 1, 34.3 GG-3, 1, 35.9 HH-2. 1, .30.5 HH-3, 1, 36.6 LL-1, 1, 26.8 Our catches of Elops saurus throughout the year do not necessarily indicate an extended spawning period, for it may be that 1) the fish we caught in winter are from the same group as those we caught in fall, 2) very little growth occurs during fall-winter, or 3) the larvae do not metamorphose and migrate into estuaries until spring warming occurs. Gehringer (1959) suggested much the same thing after examining his catches of early-, mid-, and late-metamorphic larvae. None of our specimens is in a metamorphic stage nor is any small enough to suggest point of origin. I believe that most spawning occurs offshore from spring through fall and that premetamorphic larvae (which we sampled) become more abundant over the shelf through those seasons, reaching a peak in the winter, followed by a mass migration of metamorphosing juveniles into the estuaries in the spring. It is consis- tent with this hypothesis that our subsurface samplers made several large catches of premetamorphic larvae (up to 346 individuals per station) during the fall and winter off Daytona Beach, Cape Kennedy, and Vero Beach (unpublished). Eldred and Lyons (1966), mentioned a disparity in myomere numbers between most of their Florida specimens (with 74-77 myomeres) and most of Gehringer's (1959) specimens from the offing of Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina (with 78-81 myomeres). Myomere numbers in our North Carolina to Georgia specimens range from 75 to 78, and in our Florida specimens from 78 to 81. The significance of this is not understood, but interestingly, it is the reverse of the disparity mentioned above. Evidently the meristic characters differ geographically and vary from year to year, probably in response to different temperatures. OPHICHTHIDAE Unidentified Leptocephali D-67-4 May AA-3, 1, 75.8 SL GG-6, 1, 75.7 SL D-67-8 Jul-Aug DD-2, 2, 67.7-76.0 SL FF-2, 1, 70.8 SL D-67-16 Oct DD-2, 1, 84.8 SL GG-3, 3, 89.0-91.5 SL GG-4, 5, 81.0-97.6 SL HH-6, 16, 51.5-90.3 SL HH-7, 1, 75.6 SL JJ-6, 1, 73.4 SL LL-3, 1, 71.1 SL PP-3, 1, 75.2 SL D-68-1 Jan-Feb CC-4, 1, 50.7 SL DD-3, 1, 63.0 SL EE-1, 2, 57.4-57.8 SL EE-2, 4, 51.8-62.3 SL JJ-6, 1, 69.2 SL NN-1, 2, 63.5-78.0 SL Myrophis punctatus Lutken speckled worm eel D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-2, 1, 327.0 Bascanichthys sp. D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-3. 1, 604.0 NEMICHTHYTOAE Unidentified Leptocephali D-67-4 May NN-2, 1, 77.0 SL D-68-1 Jan-Feb DD-6, 1, 91.2 NN-3, 1, 77.0 The surface -towed meter net apparently does not adequately sample leptocephalid larvae. The small numbers of leptocephali listed here do not reflect the many hundreds taken on the same stations by other gear (Gulf V plankton samplers or subsurface juvenile fish samplers). Only four of the eight families represented in our total leptocephalus collection were taken in the surface-towed net. The family Xenocongridae, which, according to Smith (1969) forms "a major constituent of the leptocephalus fauna in the western North Atlantic," is totally absent from our collections. We cannot account for this. Bohlke and Chaplin (1968) reported that worm eels will approach a light hung near the surface. Our nighttime catches of adult ophichthids indicate that these fishes may forage near the surface at night and be present regardless of an artificial light source. MURAENIDAE Unidentified Leptocephali D-67-4 May AA-1, 1, 69.0 SL LL-5, 2, 42.3-64.5 SL D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-6, 1, 63.0 SL DD-3. 1, 63.5 SL EE-4, 1, 77.5 SL FF-2, 1, 77.6 SL JJ-4, 1, 70.0 SL KK-5, 1, 61.5 SL LL-4, 1, 36.8 SL MM-1, 1, 67.0 SL MM-2, 8, 47.5-64.5 SL NN-1, 1, 24.5 SL D-67-16 Oct CC-5, 1, 70.5 SL EE-2, 2, 72.0-74.5 SL EE-3, 1, 70.0 SL HH-6, 3, 60.7-72.5 SL HH-7, 6, 55.5-72.0 SL CONGRIDAE Unidentified Leptocephali D-67-8 Jul-Aug NN-1, 1, 22.8 SL D-67-16 Oct FF-6, 1, 106.0 SL GG-4, 1, 53.5 SL LL-4, 2, 28.0-59.3 SL D-68-1 Jan-Feb EE-2, 1, 55.6 SL NN-4, 1, 82.3 SL 14 CLUPEIDAE Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) Atlantic menhaden n-6H-l Jan-Feb BB-1, 2, 24.0-27.5 DD-1, 15, 20.9-23.9 Brevoortia sp. D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-4. 1, 21.0 AA-5, 1. 18.6 BB-2, I, 19.0 BB-3, 1. 18.7 CC-6, 3, 25.4-29.9 DD-1, 5, 20.2-21.0 EE-2, 4, 20.9-24.2 EE-4, 54, 17.9-26.2 HH-1, 17, 14.7-20.1 Etrumeus teres (DeKay) round herring D-6S-1 Jan-Feb EE-1, 4, 20.0-23.6 HH-5, 29, 17.4-18.4 LL-4, 1, 131.5 Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur) Atlantic thread herring D-67-8 Jul-Aug DD-1, 1, 75.5 D-67-16 Oct LL-1, 1, 105.2 LL-2, 1, 100.5 Sardinella anchovia Valenciennes Spanish sardine D-67-4 May AA-1, 10, 19.1-27.5 DD-2, 1, 40.3 D-e7-8 Jul-Aug DD-2, 7, 21.7-26.4 DD-3, 25, 24.0-31.5 MM-1, 1, 61.0 D-67-16 Oct LL-3, 1, 59.2 MM-2, 1, 54.4 MM-3, 1, 76.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-4, 2, 48.0-50.6 Unidentified D-67-4 May AA-2, 4, 16.9-21.2 DD-4, 1, 19.0 HH-6, 1, 12.0 MM-3, 2, 16.6-18.6 D-67-8 Jul-Aug FF-2, 35, 17.8-30.9 GG-4, 31. 11.5-16.7 GG-5, 9, 10.8-14.9 MM-2, 3, 18.1-20.1 D-67-16 Oct HH-4, 3, 23.0-25.5 HH-6, 2, 23.5-24.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb BB-1, 2, 15.6-20.0 DD-6, 2, 14.0-15.8 EE-5, 9, 13.3-23.0 EE-6, 6, 15.3-18.0 FF-6, 2, 21.2-22.0 Larval Brevoortia tyrannus were identified on the basis of their dorsal ray and myomere counts. Brevoortia tyrannus has 18-24 dorsal rays (June 1958) and 45-50 vertebrae (Sutherland 1963). Those classified as Brevoortia sp. are specimens damaged to the extent that counts are not possible. Etrumeus teres larvae have relatively longer snouts than Brevoortia sp., few anal rays (9-12), and ventral fins located under the origin of the dorsal fin. Both dorsal and anal counts are high in Opisthonema oglinum (D: 20-22; A: 20-24). (The latter species spawns during the summer, Brevoortia sp. during the winter.) Harengula pensacolae and Sardinella anchovia share dorsal and anal ray counts, but S. anchovia has more myomeres (45-47) than H. pensacolae (40-42), and the posterior two anal rays are produced in S. anchovia larvae, at least in the sizes we encountered. ENGRAULIDAE Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus) striped anchovy D-67-4 May EE-1, 1, 58.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug JJ-1, 1, 42.6 D-67-16 Oct BB-1, 83, 53.5-61.5 CC-4, 42, 19.5-35.0 DD-2, 78, 18.5-27.4 EE-3, 1, 21.5 LL-1, 2, 28.9-29.9 MM-1, 6, 34.4-47.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb LL-3, 5, 52.3-56.3 Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes) bay anchovy D-67-4 May DD-1, 1, 48.5 EE-1, 1, 48.2 KK-1, 1, ,34.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb EE-1, 30, 42.0-56.8 Anchoa nasuta Hildebrand and Carvalho longnose anchovy D-67-8 Jul-Aug DD-1, 4, 41.3-44.8 D-67-16 Oct BB-1, 18, 42.6-.53.0 LL-3, 11, 29.2-44.7 MM-2, 1, 39.8 D-68-1 Jan-Feb CC-4, 46, 46.3-63.0 FF-2, 1, 57.9 Anchoa sp. D-67-4 May AA-2, 9, 18.9-29.0 AA-4, 9, 14.5-26.6 AA-5, 1, 16.9 KK-2, 74, 9.9-28.8 LL-2, 4, 12.0-28.1 D-67-8 Jul-Aug CC-1, 2, 19.6-21.7 CC-3, 5, 54.7-58.0 D-67-16 Oct AA-3, 1, 18.3 CC-3, 3, 15.0-21.8 CC-6, 1, 24.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-2, 6, 20.9-22.0 AA-3, 7, 20.0-21.4 LL-5, 1, 25.6 Engrautis eurystote (Swain and Meek) silver anchovy D-68-1 Jan-Feb BB-4, 1, .35.9 Unidentified D-67-4 May AA-3, 2, 19.0-mut. BB-2, 2, 19.5-20.2 BB-4, 1, 17.9 CC-1, 1, 21.7 HH-2, 1, 17.4 HH-4, 5, 15.4-17.9 JJ-1, 7, 15.5-21.9 KK-1, 3, 22.5-29.5 LL-2, 2, 10.3-11.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-1, 1, 25.0 D-67-16 Oct CC-5, 11, 19.0-23.5 CC-6, 1, 19.2 DD-1, 1, 19.7-28.5 DD-4, 3, 19.0-23.1 DD-5, 5, 23.0-25.0 EE-2, 9, 19.9-25.7 LL-3, 4, 29.5-47.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-4, 2, 15.6-17.5 SYNODONTIDAE Synodus foetens (Linnaeus) inshore lizardfish D-67-4 May DD-2, 2, 24.0-28.0 DD-4, 2, 16.0-19.5 FF-2, 2, 23.0-25.7 D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-5, 1, 16.9 Unidentified D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-4, 1, mut. MM-4, 1, 22.8 The synodontids are characterized by wide vari- ation in vertebral numbers between the species (Miller and Jorgenson 1973) with Synodus foetens having the highest count (56-61). All those specimens here identified as S. foetens have myomere counts of 60 (±1). Pigment patterns on the unidentified syn- odontids are not sufficient to identify them since the patterns are intermediate between those described by Anderson et al. (1966), MYCTOPHIDAE Unidentified D-67-16 Oct PP-3, 2, 17.9-mut. D-68-1 Jan-Feb FF-5, 1, mut. GG-6, 1, 16.9 PP-2, 6, mut. -17.3 ANTENNARIIDAE Histrio histrio (Linnaeus) sargassumfish D-67-4 May DD-6, 3, 17.0-92.0 EE-6, 1, 31.0 GG-5, 1, 40.0 HH-3, 1, 26.5 HH-7, 4, 10.5-29.0 KK-5, 1, 13.0 KK-6, 1, 13.0 LL-5, 1, 14.0 MM-4, 3, 11.0-20.0 NN-2, 1, 20.0 NN-3, 2, 10.0-14.0 NN-4, 7, 10.0-18.0 PP-1, 1, 9.5 PP-2, 3, 10.5-24.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug KK-5, 2, 10.0-15.0 15 MM-2, 1, 15.0 NN-4, 1, U.O PP-1, 1, 14.0 D-67-16 Oct AA-7, 1, 12.0 CC-7, 1, U.O EE-6, 1, 14.5 HH-6, 1. 23.0 KK-6, 1, 22.0 LL-3, 1, 35.0 MM-1, 1, 69.5 PP-1, 1, 21.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb LL-5, 2, mut. MM-3, 2, 14.0-17.0 PP-2, 1, mut. Adams (1960) concluded that "Histrio spawns year- round in the Florida Current area with a possible mid- winter interruption of reproductive activity." Dooley (1972) found an increase in the mean size of Histrio from April through September followed by a sudden influx of 6 to 15 mm individuals in October and suggested that "spawning occurred at least from late August through April." Our own data do not settle this disparity. We caught small specimens during all four cruises but not in numbers large enough to con- struct significant length-frequency curves. GADIDAE Urophycis earlii (Bean) Carolina hake D-68-1 Jan-Feb FF-3, 1, 25.0 TL KK-3, 1, 25.0 TL Urophycis ftoridanus (Bean and Dresel) southern hake D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-5, 2, 12.0-30.0 TL BB-3, 1, 60.0 TL FF-5, 4, 15.0-40.0 TL HH-4, 3, 21.0-37.0 TL HH-5, 3, 43.8-70.0 TL JJ-4, 1, 25.0 TL LL-5, 1, 51.0 TL Urophycis regius (Walbaum) spotted hake D-67-4 May CC-4, 1, 20.0 TL DD-1, 2, 57.0-57.0 TL DD-2, 2, 35.0-58.0 TL EE-2, 1, 69.0 TL EE-3, 2, 55.5-126.0 TL HH-4, 1, 26.0 TL D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-1, 8, 38.0-40.0 TL AA-2, 69, 27.0-58.0 TL AA-3, 60, 20.0-36.0 TL AA-4, 564, 9.0-28.0 TL AA-5, 17, 9.0-18.0 TL AA-7, 17, 11.0-23.0 TL BB-3, 268, 16.0-76.0 TL BB-4, 60, 24.0-51.0 TL CC-1, 8, 23.0-31.0 TL CC-2, 21, 24.0-31.0 TL CC-3, 1, 26.0 TL CC-4, 469, 23.0-65.0 TL CC-5, 8, 19.0-30.0 TL CC-6, 8, 20.0-29.0 TL DD-2, 5, 15.0-26.0 TL DD-3, 7, 22.0-37.0 TL DD-4, 30, 9.0-20.0 TL DD-5, 59, 9.0-17.0 TL DD-6, 19, 8.0-27.0 TL EE-2, 24, 32.0-54.0 TL EE-3, 180, 26.0-64.0 TL EE-4, 23, 14.0-27.0 TL FF-1, 81, 32.0-67.0 TL FF-2, 163, 27.0-54.0 TL FF-3, 2, 24.0-32.0 TL FF-4, 23, 20.0-31.0 TL FF-5, 248, 9.0-25.0 TL GG-1, 7, 27.0-32.0 TL GG-2, 6, 25.0-30.0 TL GG-3, 4, 29.0-41.0 TL GG-4, 3, 27.0-31.0 TL GG-5, 94, 8.0-21.0 TL HH-1, 40, 25.0-34.0 TL HH-2, 7, 20.0-31.0 TL HH-3, 1, 24.0 TL HH-5, 1, 25.0 TL JJ-2, 42, 20.0-49.0 TL JJ-3, 18, 21.0-43.0 TL KK-4, 3, 14.0-16.0 TL KK-5, 1, 24.0 TL Urophycis sp. D-67-4 May CC-7, 1, 7.5 TL FF-5, 4, 15.0-20.0 TL Urophycis regius juveniles were the most numerous of all species caught in the South Atlantic Bight. Spawning evidently begins in late fall or early winter and extends into spring, when adults of this species occupy inshore waters (Anderson 1968, p. 54). The resulting juveniles are then widely distributed in sur- face waters at least from New River, N.C., to Daytona Beach, Fla. (Fig. 11), with a center of abundance near Cape Fear, N.C. We caught no juvenile Urophycis sp. south of Cape Kennedy. That point probably marks the approximate southern limit to this genus' abun- dance and spawning range. Juvenile U. regius evidently occupy the surface layers until they reach about 75 mm, judging from our catches. They are found in as wide a range of temperatures as the South Atlantic Bight offers dur- ing the winter (Fig. 12) but mostly in temperatures between 10° and 15° C. Catches in relatively warm water on the offshore ends of transects DD and FF ac- count for the second peak in Figure 12. OPHIDIIDAE Unidentified D-67-4 May EE-6, 1, 35.0 D-67-16 Oct HH-6, 1, 61.0 HH-7, 1, 28.0 EXOCOETIDAE Chriodorus atherinoides Goode and Bean hardhead halfbeak D-68-1 Jan-Feb EE-3, 1, 78.2 Cypselurua cyanopterus (Valenciennes) margined flyingfish D-67-16 Oct KK-5,1, 46.5 Cypselurus exsiliens (Linnaeus) bandwing flyingfish D-67-16 Oct KK-6, 1, 52.0 Cypselurus furcatus (Mitchill) spotfin flyingfish D-67-4 May LL-5, 1, 26.5 Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque) Atlantic flyingfish D-67-4 May AA-6, 2, 19.0-21.9 BB-5, 2, 58.7-62.8 CC-7, 1, 19.5 DD-6, 1, 21.5 HH-4, 1, 16.4 HH-7, 1, 35.5 JJ-5, 1, 217.0 JJ-6, 1, 38.6 LL-5, 4, 40.0-66.5 NN-3, 1, 13.9 NN-4, 2, 16.5-21.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-5, 1, 122.5 AA-7, 4, 18.7-28.5 DD-6, 2, 21.8-34.6 GG-7, 1, 30.5 HH-7, 4, 26.1-62.5 JJ-6, 1. 19.9 LL-5, 1, 26.3 NN-3, 2, 23.7-29.4 PP-1, 1, 17.4 PP-3, 1, 57.7 D-67-16 Oct BB-4, 1, 47.0 CC-6, 1, 93.8 DD-5, 2, 20.0-38.6 EE-6, 3, 36.0-46.2 FF-4, 1, 18.0 FF-5, 2, 20.6-23.8 GG-5, 4, 19.8-41.9 GG-7, 1, 22.9 HH-3, 2, 27.0-35.0 HH-4, 2, 36.5-39.5 .JJ-2, 4, 19.7-25.8 KK-1, 4, 21.5-36.5 KK-5. 1, 29.0 KK-6, 1, 54.5 LL-4, 1, 25.0 LL-5, 1, 22.1 NN-2, 1, 38.8 PP-1, 2, 31.6-49.6 D-68-1 Jan-Feb DD-6, 1, 27.2 JJ-4, 2, 29.7-54.2 JJ-5, 1, 89.6 PP-2, 1, 55.0 PP-3, 1, 28.5 Cypselurus sp. D-67-16 Oct NN-2, 1, 34.9 Euleptorhamphus velox Poey flying halfbeak D-67-16 Oct FF-6, 1, 37.9 Exocoetus obtusirostris Gunther oceanic two-wing flyingfish D-67-4 May LL-5, 2, 16.0-22.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb PP-1, 1, 13.4 PP-2, 12, 9.9-21.0 PP-3, 6, 10.8-20.0 Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus tropical two-wing flyingfish D-67-4 May LL-5, 1, 28.0 NN-3, 1, 21.0 16 DISTRIBUTION OF UrophyciK ref;iiis LARVAE AND JUVENILES. JANUARY 1968. NONE I - 10 11 - 100 101 -300 301-564 . . . LL »r /^ V • MM NN rr <^ -^ \ \ ' ^^ 1- I PP Figure U.— Distribution of spotted hake, Uro- phycis regius, larvae and juveniles, during winter 1%8. 17 400- I— X o o 350- 300- 250- > ^ 200- o z < 5 150- z wo- 50- iJ I 51 I 55 1 3 7 I 8 I 9 ' 10 I 11 1 12 I 13 I 14 I 15 I 16 I 17 I 18 I 19 I 20 1 21 1 22 ' 23 I SURFACE TEMPERATURE (°C ) Figure 12.— Abundance of spotted hake, Urophycis regius, lar- vae and juveniles, relative to observed surface temperatures during winter 1968. D-68-1 -Jan-Feb NN-3, 1, 30.3 Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus! ballyhoo D-67-4 May DD-2, 2, 50..i-51.2 DD-3, 1, 49.0 DD-6, 3, 35.9-51.6 EE-1, 1, 77.0 EE-3, 1, 47.4 LL-1. 1, 40.4 NN-3, 3, 18.5-22.2 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-7, 2, 23.0-43.8 FF-2, 3, 1.59.0-167.0 GG-6, 1, 29.7 HH-7, 3, 26.0-75.5 LL-4, 2, 25.0-34.4 MM -3, 2, 33.6-.36.8 NN-3, 1, 32.7 D-67-16 Oct AA-6, 1, 57.3 EE-2, 1, 166.0 GG-7, 2, 30.6-31.8 JJ-6, 2, 58.5-68.5 KK-1, 2, 30.9-36.8 KK-5, 5, 23.5-37.9 KK-6, 4, 28.8-78.2 LL-3, 8, 34.0-127.0 LL-4, 1, 25.3 LL-5, 1, 28.0 NN-2. 2, 12.8-14.9 PP-1, 3, 23.0-.54.2 PP-3, 1, 40.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-5, 1, 80.4 LL-.5, 1, 46.0 MM-3, 2, 34.0-67.2 PP-2. 1. 15.1 Hirundichthys affinis (Gunther) tourwing flvingfish D-67-4 May NN-3, 1, 17.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb PP-2, 1, 9.9 Hirundichthys rnndeieti (ValenciennesI blackwing flvingfish D-67-4 May HH-7, 1, 21.0 JJ-6, 1, 20.5 MM-4, 1, 24.5 NN-4, 3, 18.0-23.0 D-67-S Jul-Aug LL-5. 1, 19.0 Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani) halfbeak D-67-4 May EE-1, 1, 132.0 LL-3, 1, 43.4 D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-7, 1, 23.0 LL-4. 2. 24.2-28.5 D-67-16 Oct LL-1, 8, 71.0-185.0 LL-2, 4, 95.0-105.5 LL-3, 2, 58.0-62.0 MM-1, 2, 71.4-102.4 MM-2, 2, 64.2-77.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb HH-4, 1. 81.3 HH-5, 1, 73.9 LL-2, 8, 104.2-132.0 LL-3, 66.0-146.0 Uxyporhamphus micropterus (ValenciennesI smallwing flyingfish D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-4. 3, 12.5-14.0 D-67-16 Oct AA-5, 1, 15.0 DD-4, 1, 14.5 Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson) sailfin tlyingfish D-67-4 May KK-5. 2, 122.0-123.2 LL-5. 1. 22.0 MM-4. 2. 25.0-32.2 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-5. 10. 21.9-122.5 AA-7. 2. 17.8-59.1 EE-5. 2, 20.5-27.4 FF-4, 3, 10.4-17.7 GG-6, 1, 26.3 GG-7, 3, 13.0-55.0 JJ-3. 1, 108.6 KK-.5. 1. ,58.9 KK-6. 5. 18.4-1.33.2 MM-2. 1. .56.6 D-67-16 Oct AA-2. 1. 27.4 BB-4. 3, 18.0-23.5 BB-5. 1. 23.5 CC-4, 2, 25.6-26.5 CC-5, 6. 27.6-35.2 CC-6. 8. 21.0-.59.0 DD-5. 6. 6.1-38.6 DD-6. 3. 13.6-24.3 EE-,5, 1. 29.2 EE-6, 2, 14.2-20.0 GG-3, 1, 26.6 GG-4. 2. 17.7-23.8 HH-2, ,5, 16.9-35.4 HH-3, 9, 16.0-:30.5 HH-4, 1. 23.0 HH-6. 1. 125.9 HH-7. 1. 122.6 JJ-1, 1. 34.0 JJ-2. 1. 20.5 KK-1. 1, 28.0 KK-2, 2, 24.7-28.6 KK-.3. 1, 21.6 . KK-4. 2, 51.8-59.7 KK-5, 20. 33.0-136.0 KK-6. 24, 22.5-50.5 LL-3, 11, 28.0-80.0 MM-1. 2. 30.8-.30.8 MM-2, 2, 22.3-39.9 MM-4, 4, 19.5-29.1 PP-2, 2, 27.4-41.1 PP-3, 4. 18.3-37.8 Prognichthys gibbifrons (Valenciennes) bluntnose flyingfish D-67-4 May DD-5, 1, 26.4 DD-6. 1. 28.9 FF-6. 1, 25.5 HH-6, 1, 30.6 HH-7, 3. 18.7-30.0 JJ-3. 1. 29.4 JJ-6, 2, 15.7-22.0 LL-5, 2, 15.5-mut. MM-3, 2, 22.0-23.7 NN-2, 2, 20.8-21.7 NN-3, 5. 13.9-23.9 NN-4. 7, 14.4-25.4 PP-2. 2. 15.9-18.5 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-6. 1, 41.5 AA-7. 2. 17.8-.37.0 BB-4. 2, 15.0-24.5 BB-5. 2. 16.3-22.4 EE-6. 1. 19.1 FF-6. 2. 17.2-24.9 GG-6. 1. 16.0 JJ-6, 1, 23.0 KK-5. 1, 10.9 KK-6. 1. 36.0 LL-5. 3. 15.2-17.5 MM-1. 1. 17.1 MM-3. 1, 8.0 NN-2, 1, 19.3 D-67-16 Oct EE-5. 1. 18.6 FF-5. 1, 21.0 FF-6. 1. 24.0 KK-5. 1. 15.0 KK-6. 1. 24.0 LL-4. 1. 50.9 MM-2, 1, 22.3 NN-3. 1, 20.2 D-68-1 Jan-Feb DD-6. 1. 20.8 NN-2, 1, 50.0 NN-4, 4, 34.3-64.5 PP-2, 1. 21.5 Unidentified D-67-4 May CC-5, 1, mut. CC-7, 2. 12.9-19.5 DD-6, 1, mut. KK-6, 1, 22.2 NN-4, 1, mut. D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-6, 1, 15.3 JJ-,5, 2, 10.9-15.6 MM-2. 1. 15.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb MM-4, 1, 15.0 18 Using information from Bruun (1935), Breder (1938), Staiger (1965), Blache et al. (1970), and Miller and Jorgenson (1973), the following key was con- structed and used for identifying juvenile flyingfishes: 1 (2) 2 (1) 3 (4) 4 (3) 5 (8) 6 (7) 7 (6) 8 (5) 9 (20) 10 (11) 11 (10) 12 (13) 13 (12) 14 (15) 15 (14) 16 (17) 17 (16) 18 (19) 19 (18) 20 (9) 21 (22) 22 (21) Key to Juvenile Flyingfishes Pectoral fins short, not reaching origin of dorsal fin Oxyporhamphus micropterus Pectoral fins long, reaching to or beyond origin of dorsal fin 3 Pelvic fins short, less than 21% of SL 5 Pelvic fins long, greater than 25% of SL 9 Pectoral fins ca. 70% of SL; 13-14 dorsal rays; dorsal fin not extending to caudal base 6 19-21 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch Exocoetus obtusirostris 24-26 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch Exocoetus volitans Pectoral fins ca. 60% of SL or less; 10-13 dorsal rays; dorsal fin extends beyond caudal base Parexocoetus brachypterus More dorsal rays (12-16) than anal rays (8-12) 10 Second pectoral ray simple Prognichthys gibbifrons Second pectoral ray branched 12 Dorsal fin (at least partly) black 14 Dorsal fin uniformly gray 16 Less than 30 predorsal scales; 15 dorsal rays; mandibular barbels flap- like, shorter than 46% of standard length Cypselurus exsiliens More than 30 predorsal scales; 12-13 dorsal rays; mandibular barbels cylindrical, very long, reaching past origin of dorsal fin Cypselurus cyanopterus Palatine teeth visible; 12 dorsal rays; 42 vertebrae (26-27 precaudal) Cypselurus comatus No palatine teeth; 13-14 dorsal rays; 45-47 vertebrae (29-31 precaudal) .... 18 First pectoral ray longer than 38% of standard length; 29-33 total caudal rays Cypselurus furcatus First pectoral ray shorter than 38% of standard length; 26-29 total caudal rays Cypselurus heterurus More anal rays (11-13) than dorsal rays (10-12) 21 Second pectoral ray simple; 12 dorsal rays Hirundichthys rondeleti Second pectoral ray branched; 10-11 dorsal rays Hirundichthys affinis Of the three species of flyingfishes most commonly taken, only Parexocoetus brachypterus demonstrates marked seasonality in size of fish and numbers taken (Table 3). The halfbeaks Hemiramphus brasiliensis and Hyporhamphus unifasciatus were both more numerous and larger in night tows than in day tows (Table 4), attesting either to the ability of these fast- moving predators to avoid the net during daylight or to the fact that they avoid surface waters during the day and actively feed there primarily at night. Table 3. — Number caught and length range (mm FL) of speci- mens less than 100.0 mm for three species of flyingfishes. BELONIDAE Tylosurus acus Lacepede agujon D-67-4 May MM-2, 1, 206.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-7, 1, 197.0 D-67-16 Oct PP-1, 1, 208,0 Tylosurus sp. D-67-16 Oct KK-5, 1, 35.5 ATHERINIDAE Mem bras martinica (Valenciennes) rough silverside D-67-16 Oct BB-1, 41, 29.9-51.4 FF-1, 25, 66.0-80.6 D-68-1 Jan-Feb EE-1, 1, 63.2 LL-1, 5, 71.0-76.0 LL-2, 72, 73.8-107.8 Table 4. — Diel occurrences and maximum sizes of two species of halfbeaks. Cypselurus heterurus Parexocoetus brachypterus N Length range 3 22.0-32.2 26 10.4-59.1 127 6.1-80.0 Prognichthys gibbifrons N Length range 30 13.9-30.6 20 8.0-41.5 8 15.0-50.9 7 20.8-64.5 Hemiramphus brasiliensis Hyporhamphus unifasciatus N Length range 16 13.9-66.5 17 17.4-62.5 34 18.0-93.8 6 27.2-89.6 N Maximum Size N Maximum Size May Jul-Aug Oct Jan-Feb Day Dusk Night Dawn 14 14 30 6 67.2 127.0 167.0 51.6 1 2 34 3 43.4 62.0 185.0 81.3 19 Menidia menidia (Linnaeus) Atlantic silverside D-67-16 Oct EE-1, 4, 66.1-80.4 MM-3, 1, 26.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb BB-1, 1, 67.3 BB-2, 4, 74.3-107.8 DD-1, 1, 59.8 LL-1, 12, 71.4-93.2 LL-2, 18, 81.0-105.0 The catch of 25 Membras martinica at station FF-1 in October is a subsample of 496 atherinids. The remaining fish were discarded at sea and are not in- cluded here. HOLOCENTRIDAE Holocentrus sp. D-67-4 May LL-5, 4, 9.0-11.2 MM-4, 1, 13.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug FF-5, 1, 12.5 GG-6, 1, 13.2 GG-7, 2, 10.2-12.4 KK-6, 2, 6.9-9.9 MM-4, 1, 13.2 D-67-16 Oct HH-6, 1, 16.7 MM-4, 1, 15.1 PP-3, 2, 11.8-12.9 Although we only took 16 holocentrids, and these are not specifically identified, one comparison may be made with the study of Holocentrus vexillarius by McKenney (1959). McKenney caught specimens from 5.8 to 24.9 mm only at dusk or night. All our catches were also made in periods of twilight or night, never during the day. Evidently these nocturnal fishes begin their avoidance of light at an early age. The depth to which they descend during daylight is unknown. SYNGNATHIDAE Amphelikturus dendriticus (Barbour) pipehorse D-68-1 Jan-Feb KK-5, 1, 16.4 Hippocampus erectus Perry lined seahorse D-67-4 May FF-5, 2, 17.5-18.5 JJ-3, 1, 23.0 JJ-6, 1, 14.7 D-67-8 Jul-Aug CC-3, 1, 23.9 JJ-2, 1, 11.3 D-67-16 Oct AA-2, 1, 15.8 CC-2, 1, 16.8 JJ-3, 1, 28.0 KK-2, 2, 15.2-28.3 D-68-1 Jan-Feb KK-5, 2, 16.4-30.0 MM-4, 1, 19.9 Hippocampus sp. D-67-4 May CC-7, 1, 31.4 PP-1, 1, 22.5 D-67-8 Jul-Aug CC-6, 1, 13.4 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 1, 33.1 DD-6, 1, 30.2 EE-5, 1, 18.1 GG-6, 1, 26.3 NN-2, 2, 22.4-39.5 Syngnathus etucens Poey shortfin pipefish D-67-4 May FF-3, 1, 117.4 D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-5, 1, 118.0 Syngnathus fuscus Storer northern pipefish D-68-1 Jan-Feb LL-1, 1, 65.0 Syngnathus pelagicus Linnaeus sargassum pipefish D-67-4 May DD-6, 1, 132.9 D-67-8 Jul-Aug KK-5, 1, 131.2 MM-3, 1, 85.5 D-67-16 Oct LL-3, 1, 103.9 NN-2, 1, 109.6 PP-1, 1, 117.6 PP-3, 1, 79.8 D-68-1 Jan-Feb HH-4, 1, 83.8 MM-3, 1, 141.0 Syngnathus springeri Herald bull pipefish D-67-4 May AA-2, 1, 66.7 CC-4, 1, 45.3 JJ-3, 1, 61.0 LL-2, 1, 59.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb FF-2, 2, 77.9-80.0 FF-5, 1, 60.0 GG-4, 1, 63.0 HH-4, 1, 62.3 KK-5, 2, 64.0-69.1 LL-3, 1, 71.9 Syngnathus sp. D-67-16 Oct KK-5, 2, 90.6-124.0 The pipehorse, Amphelikturus dendriticus, is rarely caught and is known only from the Bahamas and Ber- muda (Bohlke and Chaplin 1968). The presence of the young specimen in shelf waters off Florida indicates that the Gulf Stream may affect to some extent the dispersal of its progeny. The capture of the northern pipefish, Syngnathus fuscus, at Cape Kennedy represents a range extension of about 85 miles beyond its previously reported southern limit at St. Augustine (Briggs 1958). Syngnathids were present the year-round in our collections, but during the winter most occurrences were restricted to waters with temperatures above 20°C. Syngnathus springeri, however, was caught during the winter at temperatures as low as 10.4° C. Evidently, this coastal species tolerates lower temperatures than more pelagic species of pipefishes. PRIACANTHIDAE Pristigenys alta (Gill short bigeye D-67-8 Jui-Aug BB-4, 1, 10.8 BB-5, 1, 18.2 CC-6, 5, 10.0-18.8 FF-4, 4, 9.5-14.6 FF-5, 2, 10.3-15.4 GG-6, 12, 8.0-11.4 GG-7, 4, 8.6-11.4 JJ-5, 1, 10.3 KK-6, 3, 10.7-13.0 LL-5, 1, 9.6 MM-3, 2, 8.4-10.8 NN-2, 8, 6.2-11.9 The short bigeye spawns from early July to mid- September, at the latest (D. K. Caldwell 1962), and drifts at the surface before metamorphosing and assuming a demersal existence. The fact that we took no specimens during the October cruise indicates that the premetamorphic pelagic stage lasts less than 2 mo. APOGONIDAE Apogon maculatus (Poey) flamefish D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-5, 1, 22.0 Apogon sp. D-67-4 May LL-2, 1, mut. Astrapogon sp. D-68-1 Jan-Feb NN-1, 2, 12.9-14.5 Because most meristic characters are shared by western Atlantic apogonids, color patterns are impor- tant in identifying species. The postlarva here iden- tified as Apogon maculatus (Fig. 13) has acquired the pattern characteristic of adults: a band of pigment posterior to the eye and across the opercle, a spot on the body under the second dorsal fin, and a saddle of pigment on both sides and top of the caudal peduncle. 20 Figure 13.— Postlarval Apogon maculatua, 22.0 mm FL. POMATOMIDAE Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus) bluefish D-67-4 May AA-1, 2, 32.0-33.5 AA-5, 2, 18.5-24.0 BB-2, 1. 23.5 CC-1, 1, 30.8 CC-6, 1, 25.1 FF-1, 1, 29.4 HH-4, 2, 20.7-28.9 HH-5, 1, 17.7 JJ-3, I, 25.4 JJ-4, 1, 18.5 LL-3. 1. 18.0 Little is known of the life history of the bluefish south of Cape Hatteras. Our catches indicate spawn- ing occurs in the entire area at least as far south as Cape Kennedy and is restricted to the spring. At the same time the sport fishery catch consisting of small fish (ca. 1.5 lbs) in the Cape Kennedy area reaches a peak (Anderson and Gehringer 1965). It is not known whether the parents of the postlarvae we caught are these 1-yr old fish or an offshore group of older and larger fish. It is known, however, that 1-yr old fish with running ripe gonads are caught off Florida (David G. Deuel, National Marine Fisheries Service, Narragansett, R.I., pers. commun.) and are thus capable of spawning. ECHENEroAE Remora remora (Linnaeus) remora D-67-8 .Jul-Aug NN-4, 2, 25.3-32.0 CARANGIDAE Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier yellow jack D-67-4 May MM-2, 1, 23.2 NN-2, 1, 23.9 NN-4, 1, 76.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-5, 4, 13.8-19.1 EE-5, 1, 65.4 LL-5, 1, 34.2 MM-4, 1, 59.0 PP-2, 1, 38.9 D-67-16 Oct KK-5, 2, 48.2-55.9 LL-3, 1, 50.7 PP-1, 1, 56.6 PP-3, 1, 21.3 D-68-1 Jan-Feb MM-3, 1, 26.1 PP-1, 1, 11.5 PP-2, 1, 11.0 Caranx fusus (Mitchill) blue runner D-67-4 May NN-2, 1, 15.5 NN-4, 3, 11.0-16.5 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-6, 1, 22.4 CC-6, 4, 13.0-27.8 FF-5, 9, 12.0-22.7 FF-6, 1, 11.6 GG-6, 2, 8.5-11.3 HH-7, 1, 19.7 JJ-5, 2, 16.7-28.4 KK-6. 12, 8.4-40.0 LL-5, 5, 10.0-19.3 NN-2, 4, 13.1-24.4 NN-3, 2, 10.6-52.0 D-67-16 Oct EE-6, 1, 11.5 JJ-5, 1. 25.8 MM-2, 1, 46.3 MM-3, 1, 17.1 MM-4, 1, 26.9 PP-3, 6, 38.2-49.4 D-6H-1 Jan-Feb PP-3, 1, 13.0 Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) crevalle jack D-67-4 May NN-2, 3, 17.7-22.5 NN-3, 1. 13.6 D-67-8 Jul-Aug LL-5, 1, 12.2 Caranx latus Agassiz horse-eye jack D-67-4 May NN-4, 1, 11.4 D-67-8 Jul-Aug NN-3, 1, 18.7 Caranx ruber (Bloch) bar jack D-67-4 May EE-6, 1, 14.9 GG-7, 1, 62.1 JJ-5, 1, 16.3 NN-3, 2, 13.7-15.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-6, 1, 27.9 JJ-6, 6, 45.0-71.5 KK-5, 5, 37.3-44.1 KK-6, 1, 35.0 LL-5, 4, 40.2-59.2 MM-4, 4, 35.0-37.5 NN-4, 1, 40.5 PP-1, 1, 48.6 PP-2, 3, 14.1-40.7 PP-3, 14, 20.7-68.4 D-67-16 Oct KK-4, 1, 73.9 KK-5, 5, 28.5-62.7 LL-3, 2, 41.0-66.7 LL-5, 1, 59.9 MM-3, 1, 52.9 NN-3, 1, 44.9 PP-1, 1, 38.3 PP-3, 2, 29.8-39.1 Caranx sp. D-67-4 May NN-2, 2, 12.7-13.8* D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-6, 4. 8.0-20.0* LL-4, 1, 11.2* LL-5, 1, mut. MM-2, 1, 22.5 PP-1, 1, 13.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-6, 1, 11.7 Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus) Atlantic bumper D-67-4 May JJ-2, 3, 14.6-22.4 JJ-3, 2, 20.2-21.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-1, 1, 13.4 CC-7, 1, 20.3 D-67-16 Oct NN-1, 1, 27.7 Decapterus punctatus (Agassiz) round scad D-67-4 May AA-4, 6, 12.6-23.7 AA-5, 107, 16.0-39.8 AA-6, 2, 37.0-46.9 BB-6, 1, 35.1 CC-5, 4, 9.9-22.0 CC-6, 7, 12.7-22.0 CC-7, 13, 6.5-31.9 DD-5, 1, 32.3 EE-5, 1. 31.9 EE-6, 87, 16.3-36.8 FF-2, 1, 30.9 * either C. hippos or C. latus 21 FF-3, 99, 12.9-38.3 FF-4, 138. 12.0-37.5 FF-5, 4. 20.0-29.8 HH-2. 1, 28.4 HH-4, 63. 9.7-38.8 HH-5, 68, 16.3-24.8 JJ-4, 1, 29.9 KK-3. 14, 23.0-34.4 LL-1, 1, 25.8 LL-2, 1, 23.0 LL-4, 3, 23.8-43.6 MM-1, 1, 25.5 MM-3, 1, 27.2 NN-1, 1, 11.8 NN-2, 1, 16.9 NN-3, 2, 17.9-23.8 NN-4, 5. 17.3-20.0 PP-1, 6, 13.0-26.6 PP-2, 1, 20.5 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-4, 1, 35.8 AA-5, 2, 13.8-18.7 BB-6, 20, 13.6-22.9 DD-6, 1, 14.9 EE-4, 2, 21,6-27.3 EE-5, 1, 31.3 FF-6, 17, 15.6-43.1 GG-5, 3, 17.8-22.9 JJ-5, 12, 9.0-29.1 LL-3, 2, 19.5-25.8 LL-4, 22, 15.0-43.9 LL-5, 4, 10.5-23.9 MM-2, 1, 13.1 MM-3, 1, 20.3 NN-2, 2, 11.0-24.2 PP-1, 1, 14.8 D-67-16 Oct AA-4, 13, 23.6-35.9 DD-5, 8, 13.2-38.7 DD-6, 32, 9.7-37.5 FF-6, 1, 18.9 HH-4, 1, 16.9 PP-1, 1, 16.1 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-5, 1, 14.8 AA-7, 4, 10.8-19.5 DD-5, 3, 15.2-37.4 DD-6, 4, 14.0-23.0 EE-6, 1, 20.9 FF-5, 2, 16.6-16.8 GG-6, 5, 12.4-27.1 HH-4, 1, 18.8 JJ-4, 1, 19.3 JJ-5, 1, 17.2 J J -6, 1, 30,2 KK-4, 2, 11.5-22.0 KK-5, 8, 8.9-19.6 MM-3, 1, 24.0 PP-1, 2, 17.2-21.3 Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard) rainbow runner D-67-4 May NN-2, 1, 15.0 NN-3, 1, 18,4 NN-4, 1, 15.8 D-67-8 Jul-Aug KK-5, 1, 27.5 MM-2, 1, 27.2 NN-2, 2, 22.0-26.7 NN-.3, 1, 11.5 Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus) pilotfish D-67-4 May CC-7, 1, 11.9 PP-2, 1, 10.6 Setar crumenophthalmus (Bloch) bigeye scad D-67-4 May NN-3, 1, 27.0 NN-4, 1, 30.4 D-67-8 Jul-Aug JJ-6, 1, 49.2 Seriota dumerili (Risso) greater amberjaek D-67-4 May GG-6, 1, 29.8 D-67-16 Oct CC-7, 4, 18.0-26.3 FF-5, 1, 36.9 GG-5, 2, 37.3-39.4 PP-1. 1, 76.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb JJ-5, 1, 27.4 KK-5, 1, 23.8 Seriota fasciata (Bloch) les.ser amberjaek D-67-8 Jul-Aug MM-4, 1, 47.0 D-67-16 Oct JJ-6, 1, 54.1 Seriola nvohana Valenciennes almaco jack D-67-8 Jul-Aug HH-7, 1, 21.3 JJ-5, 1, 47.5 KK-5, 1, 30.8 LL-5, 1, 18.0 D-67-16 Oct FF-5, 3, 20.0-40.7 KK-5, 1, 63.2 Seriola zonata (Mitchill) banded rudderfish D-67-4 May AA-5, 1, 29.8 Seriola sp. D-67-4 May AA-.3, 1, 18.7 HH-7, 7, 16.3-34.2 KK-6, 2, 23.2-24.8 LL-5, 1, 23.5 NN-2, 4, 9.2-19.0 NN-3, 10, 10.0-24.1 NN-4, 1, 14.0 PP-1, 3, 8.4-22.1 PP-2, 1, 14.2 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-5, 2, 8.6-9.5 CC-6, 2, 8.5-11.6 EE-6, 1, 14,3 FF-6, 2, 14.5-16.2 HH-5, 1, 9.9 JJ-5, 1, 6.3 KK-5, 1, 18.4 D-67-16 Oct DD-4, 1, 7.2 SL DD-.5, 1, 21.7 DD-6, 2, 10.3-14.6 FF-5, 1, 14.0 GG-6, 1, 17.2 JJ-2, 1, 21.9 LL-4, 1, 13.9 NN-2, 1, 13.3 NN-3, 1, 11.4 PP-1, 5, 11,2-18.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 2, 11.6-14.8 GG-5, 1, 10.7 JJ-4, 1, 21.9 LL-3, 2, 19.5-20.4 LL-5, 1, 29.2 MM-1, 2. 19.2-29.5 MM-3, 3, 17.0-.35.8 MM-4, 1, 17.2 PP-1, 1, 15.6 PP-2, 3, 9.0-13.0 PP-3, 1, 20.1 Traihinotus caro/mu.s- (Linnaeus) Florida pom pane D-67-4 May DD-1, 2, 14.7-14.9 HH-5, 2, 10.2-11.5 JJ-1, 2, 18.5-18.5 JJ-3, 5, 15.7-19.2 KK-2. 1, 17.4 KK-3, 1, 15.1 LL-1, 1, 12.5 LL-3, 1, 14.6 Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus) permit D-67-4 May CC-6, 1, 9.0 CC-7, 2, 5.2-9.4 HH-5, 1, 13.9 D-67-8 Jul-Aug HH-5, 1, 9.0 JJ-5, 2, 6.7-7.9 D-67-16 Oct MM-4, 1, 11.4 D-68-1 Jan-Feb BB-5, 1, 12.7 Trachinotus goodei Jordan and Evermann palometa D-67-8 Jul-Aug NN-1, 1, 10.0 D-67-16 Oct NN-1, 1. 12.5 Trachinotus sp. D-67-4 May EE-5, 1, 10.8 LL-2, 1, 14.6 D-67-8 Jul-Aug FF-6, 1, 8.6 GG-6, 1, 9.4 Unidentified D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-5, 1, mut. LL-4, 1, mut. LL-5, 2, mut. Berry (1959) reported on young Caranx spp. from off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States and found that C. ruber was most widely dis- tributed, C. fusus most abundant, and C. bartholomaei more restricted both in range of oc- currences and numbers. Our material substantiates these observations. Berry (1959) attributed the scarci- ty of C hippos and C. latus to their tendency to migrate inshore at relatively small sizes (21-50 mm SL). Since our net was quite successful in catching other Caranx species up to these sizes, the scarcity of these two species in our collections must be due to a genuine absence of young in offshore waters. Dooley (1972) caught very few C hippos and no C. latus, thus ruling out the possibility that juveniles of these species may be found in slightly deeper water. Perhaps the major spawning of C. hippos and C. latus occurs in areas to the south of the Florida Straits. Our catches were made off Cape Kennedy and St. Lucie Inlet in water of high salinity (up to 37.5 %o) which indicate a high seas or Gulf Stream origin. In numbers of individuals taken at one time, Berry (1959, p. 439) averaged 10 C. fusus per occurrence, highest of all the species. In our collections too, C. fusus was highest, averaging 3.1 per occurrence (Table 2). This suggests that C. fusus is a gregarious species. 22 occurring in small groups or forming small schools earlier than other species. Our catches of C. hippos and C. latus are too small to allow remarks on spawning periods. Our catches of C. ruber substantiate Berry's contention that spawn- ing occurs from mid-February to mid-August; and the lack of small individuals in our catches implies most spawning occurs to the south of the Florida Straits or in waters contributing to the Gulf Stream. The 14.9 mm specimen we caught off South Carolina indicates some spawning takes place off the southeastern coast of the United States. Berry (1959) reported that C. bartholomaei spawned from mid- February to mid-September. Our catches (11.0 and 11.4 mm) on 4 February indicate a slightly earlier start in 1968, probably in mid- to late-January. McKenney et al. (1958) thought that C. fusus spawned the year-round, mostly from January through August with a peak in the summer. Berry (1959) thought most spawning occurred from April through September. Our catches are consistent with these observations, both in year-round occurrence of juveniles and in- creased summer abundance. The various species of the genus Caranx were about equally distributed in temperatures from 25.0° to 30.0°C. Although they were caught in salinities rang- ing from 34.0 to 38.0 %o , 74^r were taken from water with salinities between 35.0 and 35.9 %o. Decapterus punctatus apparently spawns the year- round with a peak in activity during the spring (Table 5). It is a creature of the middle shelf, not directly associated with inlets, estuaries, or the Gulf Stream. We caught this species during all seasons and over the entire range of our sampling area. Judging by our catches juveniles apparently rise to the surface during the pre-dawn period, occupy the surface during the day, and descend at night (Table 5). The diel difference breaks down in October due to a single catch of 32 fish made at 0544 h, a time within my definition of night. Our specimens are generally smaller than Dooley's (1972) possibly because smaller fishes are more strongly surface oriented, than larger ones. Little is known of the early life history of the rain- bow runner, Elagatis bipinnulata. Its restriction in our collections to Gulf Stream waters off Florida in- dicates an oceanic origin south of the Florida Straits. These specimens were identified following the description by Okiyama (1970). Key features are the serrated preopercular spines in fishes less than about 20.0 mm and the pair of unpigmented lines on each side of the otherwise darkly pigmented caudal pedun- cle (Fig. 14). Because the diagnostically important body bands are not yet present on small Seriola sp. (Mather 1958), I was able to identify only those fish greater than 18.0 mm FL to species. Many larger fish (up to 35.8 mm) are identified only to genus but are probably either S. dumerili or S. rivoliana — all have seven spines in the first dorsal fin, five body bands plus a sixth on the peduncle, and intergrading numbers of rays in the sec- ond dorsal fin. Dooley (1972) concluded that S. dumerili and S. rivoliana spawn during the spring. Munro et al. (1973) caught ripe iS. dumerili in August and November and ripe S'. rivoliana in November on Pedro Bank in the Caribbean. Our catches indicate spawning during fall, winter, and spring for the former species, summer and fall for the latter. Our catches of three species of Trachinotus confirm Fields' (1962) observations: 1) spawning of T. Table 5. — Summary of catch data for Decapterus punctatus. Diel Analysis Transect Number Size Month Range Caught Range (ram FL) Dawn-Day-Dusk Night May AA-PP 641 6.5-46.9 640 1 Jul-Aug AA-PP 91 9.0-43.9 89 2 Oct AA-PP 56 13.2-38.7 24 34 Jan-Feb AA-PP .37 8.9-37.4 34 3 Figure 14. — Juvenile Elagatis bipinnulata, 27. .5 mm FL. 23 carolinus and T. falcatus occurs offshore. (We caught the smaller specimens further offshore than the larger.) 2) Trachinotus carolinus begins spawning in May, and subsequently juveniles begin arriving in- shore in waves. (We evidently sampled the first wave.) 3) Recruitment of T. falcatus occurs year- round on Florida beaches; May through October on Georgia beaches. (To this we can add the 12.7 mm in- dividual caught off Cape Fear in January, which attests both to the possibility of winter spawning and to the utilization of the Gulf Stream by postlarvae.) 4) Trachinotus goodei is comparatively rare along the south Atlantic coast — the main part of its range oc- curring further south — and spawning apparently oc- curs in late summer and fall. (Our summer and fall catches off St. Lucie Inlet near the Gulf Stream in- dicate an origin to the south.) CORYPHAENIDAE Table G. — Dolphin (C hippurus): number caught and length range (mm FL) by cruise. One specimen (112.9 mm FL) from October cruise not included. Coryphaena equisetis Linnaeus pompano dolphin D-67-4 May HH-7, 2, 17.9-24.5 LL-5, 2, 34.0-37.8 D-67-8 Jul-Aug KK-6, 1, 11.4 D-67-16 Oct KK-6, 5, 28.7-43.4 LL-4, 1, 16.7 MM-3, 1, 19.0 NN-2, 1, 17.7 PP-3. 1. 17.8 D-68-1 Jan-Feb NN-4, 1, 70.6 PP-3, 1, 10.8 Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus dolphin D-67-4 May EE-6, 2, 25.4-28.5 HH-7. 3, 18.0-26.1 KK-6, 2, 30.4-32.3 LL-5, 4, 17.8-18.5 NN-2, 3, 13.9-28.4 NN-3, 1, 14.7 NN-4, 2, 13.7-21.5 PP-2, 1, 17.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-7, 1, 30.5 BB-4, 1, 13.6 BB-6, 1, 23.7 CC-6, 2, 17.5-22.1 DD-6, 1, 23.2 GG-7, 2, 23.1-32.3 JJ-2, 1. 16.1 J.J-6. 1. 29.8 KK-.5, 1, 39.0 KK-6. 1, 11.3 LL-5, 7, 15.4-28.9 MM-2. 1. 24.4 NN-1, 1, 15.1 NN-2. 3. 15.7-49.0 NN-3. 1, 17.9 PP-1, 1, 15.7 PP-2, 1. 17.3 U-67-16 Oct AA-7, 2, 18.6-29.9 CC-7. 1. ,32.0 DD-6, 1. 13.8 EE-6, I, 18.9 FF-5, 1, 35.6 FF-6, 2, 16.0-mut. JJ-4, 1, 32.0 KK-3. 1, 15.2 KK-4, 1, 112.9 KK-5, 2, 28.4-46.6 KK-6, 5, 28.7-43.4 MM-1. 1, 41.8 NN-1, 1, 17.1 NN-2, 2, 15.5-18.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb LL-3, 1, 48.8 MM-4, 1, 23.1 NN-4, 1, 31.3 PP-1, 2, 18.8-31.5 PP-2, 3, 16.9-21.0 PP-3, 1, 24.4 All coryphaenids were X-rayed in order to count vertebrae. No overlap was found between the species. The counts were: Coryphaena equisetis 33 (13-14 -I- 19-20), C. hippurus si (13 -(- 18). Table 6 shows the size range of C. hippurus caught during each cruise and indicates spawning occurs at least sometime in every season if not continuously throughout the year. However, neither species was caught north of Cape Month Length range (mm FL) N May Jul-Aug Oct Jan-Feb 13.7-32.3 11.3-49.0 13.8-46.6 16.9-48.8 18 27 21 9 Kennedy during the winter, suggesting that spawning then is restricted to areas to the south. There were no significant differences between day and night tows in numbers or sizes caught. Apparent- ly, a towing speed of 5 knots (9.27 km/h) is sufficient to prevent daytime net avoidance, at least in postlar- vae less than about 50.0 mm. At larger sizes, juvenile dolphin may acquire the adult habit of lurking below rafts of sargassum and other flotsam and thus may not be susceptible to capture by surface nets. LUTJANIDAE Rhumboplites aurorubens (Cuvier) vermilion snapper D-67-8 Jul-Aug FF-3, 1, 23.0 Lutjanus sp. D-67-8 Jul-Aug MM-1, 1, 14.2 NN-1, 1, 17.7 The vermilion snapper was identified by its dorsal count which is distinctive among lutjanids: D: XII, 11. The meristic characters of the unidentified Lut- janus are as follows: D: X, 14; A: III, 9; Pect: 16; Caudal: 8, 9, 8, 8; vertebrae: 24 (10 -f- 14). Three western North Atlantic lutjanids share these meristic characters: Lutjanus aya, L. blackfordii, and L. lut- janoides (Anderson 1967). The smaller specimen is il- lustrated in Figure 15. In the larger specimen, pig- ment is generally heavier and extends over the dorsal fin between the third and tenth spines. Pigment on the body forms six bars from nape to peduncle; the posterior three reaching from the dorsal edge of the body to the ventral edge; the anterior three ending at about the midline. The cluster of spots anterior to the eye is extended to the snout tip, and together with a group of spots on the preopercle and opercle creates the impression of a bar through the eye. LOBOTIDAE Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch) tripletail D-67-16 Oct FF-5, 1, 44.3 SPARIDAE Stenotomux chrysops (Linnaeus) scup D-67-4 May AA-2, 1, 17.3 AA-5, 1, 15.9 FF-3, 1, 49.5 Unidentified D-67-4 May HH-2, 1, 15.7 D-67-16 Oct BB-2, 3, 13.8-14.6 DD-2, 1, 13.4 EE-2, 1, 13.3 HH-6, 2, 10.8-11.1 KK-3. 7, 11.7-14.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-3, 34, 12.6-15.5 AA-4, 39, 11.8-23.1 24 Figure 15.— Unidentified postlarval Lutjanus sp., 14.2 mm FL. MULLIDAE BB-1, 431, 11.9-15.9 Larimus fasciatus Holbrook Mullus auratus BB-2, 46, 13.2-16.3 banded drum Jordan and Gilbert FF-5, 1, 11.0 CC-1. 7, 12.2-14.5 D-67-16 Oct red goatfish FF-6, 1, 14.5 CC-2, 9. 11.5-15.3 HH-6, 1, 7.7 SL D-67-4 May GG-7, 2, 17.5-19.5 CC-3. 9. 12.2-15.5 Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede AA-1, 1, 28.0 HH-6, 1, 25.0 DD-1, 4, 11.0-15.8 spot BB-4, 9, 16.0-25.0 JJ-5, 5, 16.0-19.0 DD-2, 23, 12.4-16.8 D-67-16 Oct BB-5, 5, 23.0-31.0 KK-6, 1, 20.0 EE-1, 7, mut.-15.7 HH-7, 1, 8.4 CC-4, 1, 32.0 LL-5, 2, 17.0-17.5 EE-3, 1, 20.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb CC-6, 1, 25.0 MM-4, 25, 12.0-29.0 EE-4, 3, 10.0-14.9 AA-2, 1, 15.2 DD-3, 13, 19.0-31.1 NN-2. 1, 18.5 EE-5, 1, 14.0 CC-3, 1, mut. DD-4, 1, 23.0 PP-2, 3, 8.0-11.0 FF-5, 1, 15.6 DD-1, 3, 13.6-15.8 DD-5, 19, 16.0-26.0 Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch) GG-1, 1, 15.4 DD-2, 6, 10.8-16.2 DD-6, 2, 16.5-40.0 spotted goatfish HH-1, 2, 13.0-13.5 DD-3, 6, 12.1-17.4 EE-3, 3, 21.0-27.5 D-67-4 May HH-5, 2, mut.-12.4 EE-4, 1, 6.5 SL EE-4, 11, 16.0-19.5 LL-4, 1, 49.5 NN-1, 2, mut.-14.8 GG-2, 1, 12.8 EE-5, 1, 23.5 Unidentified SCIAENIDAE JJ-3, 2, 9.8-12.8 FF-2, 1, 28.5 D-67-4 May Stellifer lanceolatus (Holbrook) GG-5, 1, 48.0 BB-4, 2, mut. Cynoscion nothus (Holbrook) star drum GG-7, 1, 21.0 DD-5, 5, 19.0-23.5 silver seatrout D-67-16 Oct HH-4, 1, 48.5 DD-6, 2, mut.-40.5 D-67-16 Oct LL-1, 1, 28.2 HH-5, 1, 22.0 EE-4, 1, mut. HH-6, 5, 15.1-17.9 KK-5, 1, 34.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 6, 10.0-15.0 The catches made by the Gulf V plankton sampler AA-7, 6, 8.5-12.0 DD-6 3 11 0-12 5 HH-5, 1, 23.0 MM-4, 4, U.O-mut. (unpublished) indicate that spot spawn in the winter EE-5, 2, 19.0-20.0 PP-2, 2, 7.0-13.0 in offshore waters and the larvae approach the beach as they grow (Peter L. Berrien, National Marine Fisheries Service, Sandy Hook Laboratory, pers. com- mun.). Spawning apparently occurs at least as far south as Cape Kennedy judging from the occurrences of small larvae. The sizes of young we caught in the surface net are about the same as those caught in the Gulf V. Although we caught many Atlantic croaker larvae in the Gulf V plankton nets, which sampled to a depth of 33 m, we caught none in the surface net. Perhaps these larvae are less strongly surface oriented than spot larvae. M. C. Caldwell's data (1962, Table 7) indicates a spawning period lasting from January into May for Mullus auratus and our catches substantiate this for two year classes. A difference exists, however, between her data and ours in the abundance of Pseudupeneus maculatus. Whereas her data suggest that P. maculatus is a rather common constituent of the pelagic fauna, ours indicate the species to be rare, at least compared to M. auratus. Struhsaker (1969) caught M. auratus at more than 50% of the stations in the species' primary habitat; P. maculatus at between 25 10% and 50%. Thus the latter species is probably less common than the former but not so rare as to preclude its progeny being encountered. If, as M. C. Caldwell (1962) suggests, P. maculatus has two juvenile stages, one pelagic, the other a shallow-water, bottom-living stage, then the pelagic stage must not be a strongly surface oriented one except under the influence of a night-light (the method most used to collect her specimens) and is thus not susceptible to capture with a net towed within 1 m of the surface. MUGILffiAE KYPHOSIDAE Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier) yellow chub D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-7, 1, 16.4 D-67-16 Oct AA-7, 1, 14.7 LL-4, 1, 15.4 LL-5, 1, 17.9 NN-3, 2, 23.0-28.7 PP-1, 1, 14.5 PP-3, 1, 11.3 D-68-1 Jan-Feb LL-5, 1, 21.8 Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus) Bermuda chub D-67-16 Oct FF-5, 5, 28.5-34.0 GG-5, 2, 50.4-.55.0 JJ-6, 1, 56.1 KK-6, 1, 51.9 The seasonality indicated by our catches of Kypho- sus sectatrix is misleading. Dooley (1972, Table 4) reported taking small specimens throughout the year, and Moore (1962, Fig. 5) showed size frequency data indicating that spawning "occurs over a wide period of time during the year," probably throughout the year. Both authors suggested that young K. sectatrix were common among rafts of sargassum. Why we failed to catch this species during all seasons cannot be ex- plained. CHAETODONTIDAE Hotacanthus tricolor (Bloch) rock beauty D-67-16 Oct HH-7, 1, 12.9 Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus) gray angelfish D-67-16 Oct KK-5, 1, 11.2 Unidentified D-67-8 Jul-Aug KK-6, 1, mut. POMACENTRffiAE Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus) sergeant major D-67-16 Oct AA-5, 2, 19.5-25,3 AA-6, 3, 16.3-22.0 DD-6, 2, 16.8-17.1 FF-5, 3, 17.5-22.3 FF-6, 1, 17.5 HH-7, 1, 11.0 JJ-6. 1. 31.9 NN-3, 1, 22.0 PP-1, 2, 14.9-18.4 D-68-1 Jan-Feb MM-3, 1, 17.1 Chromis sp. D-67-16 Oct LL-5, 1, 13.3 Unidentified D-67-4 May DD-6. 1, 9.8 NN-3, 1, mut. Munro et al. (1973) reported a spawning maximum in April for Abudefduf saxatilis, a secondary peak in September, and no spawning from January through March. The primary occurrence of this species in Oc- tober in our catches is probably a result of the fall spawning, but the absence of this species in the May and July-August cruises cannot be explained. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus striped mullet D-67-4 May DD-3, 1, 19.0 DD-6, 1, 10.5 D-67-16 Oct AA-6, 1, 14.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-1, 4, 21.0-24.5 AA-2, 8, 18.0-23.5 AA-3, 5, 21.0-26.5 AA-4, 1, 24.0 AA-5, 6, 17.5-20.0 AA-7, 13, 8.0-22.0 BB-1, .3, 21.0-22.0 BB-2, 2, 19.0-20.0 BB-3, 6, 17.0-24.5 BB-4, 7, 23.0-26.0 BB-5, 15, 17.0-25.0 CC-1, 5, 23.0-25.5 CC-2, 2, 21.5-22.0 CC-3, 3, 21.0-24.0 CC-5, 3, 24.5-25.0 CC-6, 6, 18.0-24.5 DD-5, 1, 21.0 DD-6, 37, 7.0-20.5 EE-3, 1, 19.5 EE-4, 7, 19.0-22.5 FF-4, 2. 20.5-22.0 FF-5, 7, 18.5-22.0 GG-1, 1, 21.5 GG-2, 3, 20.0-20.5 GG-3, 7, 20.0-26.0 GG-4, 1, 17.0 GG-5, 3, 6.0-19.0 HH-1, 3, 20.0-21.0 JJ-2, 2, 20.5-23.0 JJ-5, 3, 24.0-25.5 KK-5, 2, 21.0-22.0 PP-2, 1, 11.5 PP-3, 1, 12.0 Munil curema Valenciennes white mullet D-67-4 May AA-1, 4, 19.5-23.0 AA-5, 4, 17.5-21.5 AA-6, 4, 6.0-14.0 BB-3, 8, 19.6-21.9 BB-4, 8, 17.0-21.0 BB-5. 3, 14.0-20.0 BB-6, 2, 17.0 CC-3, 1, 22.0 CC-4, 1, 19.0 CC-5. 6, 14.5-20.0 CC-6, 40, 8.0-22.5 CC-7, 20, 5.5-12.5 DD-1, 15, 21.0-23.5 DD-2, 19, 19.0-24.0 DD-3, 40, 17.5-24.0 DD-4, 40, 16.0-22.0 r)D-.5, 34, 15.5-19.0 DD-6, 8. 12.5-23.5 EE-1, 10, 20.0-25.0 EE-2, 4, 20.5-21.0 EE-3, 6, 20.0-22.0 EE-4, 20, 16.0-23.0 EE-5, 4, 17.0-24.0 FF-1, 1, 25.5 FF-4, 4, 10.5-20.0 GG-4, 6, 19.5-25.0 GG-5, 10, 19.0-23.5 GG-6, 2, 17.0-21.0 HH-4, 1, 25.0 HH-5, 6, 16.5-23.0 HH-6, 4, 8.5-22.0 JJ-2, 1, 26.0 JJ-5, 8, 18.5-24.0 KK-5, 6, 20.0-23.0 LL-1, 2, 18.0-21.0 LL-4, 3, 15.0-17.0 MM-3, 3, 14.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-5, 1, 21,0 KK-6, 1, 16.0 LL-5, 1, 12.5 D-67-16 Oct AA-6, 1, 13,5 DD-5, 1, 18.5 DD-6, 1, 11.0 EE-6, 2, 13.,5-14.0 HH-6. 1, 18.0 KK-5, 2, 15.0-18.0 LL-5, 1, 10.0 MM-2, 1, 17.0 MM-3, 4, 14.0-17.0 NN-2, 2, 10.0-15.0 NN-3, 1, 12.5 PP-1, 2, 11.5-14.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 1, 22.0 BB-3, 1, 23.0 BB-4, 1, 25.0 BB-5, 1, 25,5 CC-3, 1, 23.0 DD-6, 2, 7.0-18.0 EE-5, 1, 17.0 GG-2, 1, 21.0 GG-6, 1, 15.0 JJ-5, 1, 21.0 JJ-6. 1. 20.0 MM-4, 1, 21.0 Mugil sp. D-67-4 May AA-6, 2, 6.0-mut. BB-5, 1, 12.0 CC-3, 1, 4,4 CC-6, 18, mut.-14.0 CC-7, 3. 5.0-8.5 DD-1, 2, mut. DD-3, 3, mut, -20.5 DD-5, 4, mut.-16,0 EE-4, 4, raut.-20.5 EE-5, 3, mut. -17.5 GG-5. 1, mut. HH-5, 1, 19.0 HH-6, 2, mut.-16.0 26 LL-4, 1, mut. D-6S-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 7, mut. BB-5, 2, 17.5-20.0 DD-6, 7, 7.5-12.5 EE-4, 1, 22.0 FF-5, 1, 11.0 FF-6, 1, 10.0 MM-4. 1. 21.0 PP-2, 1, 5.5 SL Our catches (Table 7) support Anderson's (1958) contention that Mugil cephalus spawns during early Table 7. — Seasonal catch of two species of mullet. Spring Summer Fall Winter Mugil curema Mugil cephalus 348 2 19 1 14 171 winter (Fig. 16) when continental shelf water temperatures are falling and M. curema spawns dur- ing the spring (Fig. 17) when temperatures are rising. However, our catches show no inshore movement with growth in either species (as reported for both species by Anderson 1957, 1958). The largest mullet we caught was 26.5 mm FL, approximating the max- imum size caught by Anderson (1957, Table 2) offshore. Perhaps growth of juveniles is arrested at about this size and resumes with the migration of postlarval mullet from ocean to estuary. Were this not the case, larger fish would occasionally be caught offshore. A second examination of all mullets was made to determine whether the freshwater mullet, Agonostomus monticola, was present. None was found. Mugil cephalus and M. curema occurred together in only 12 tows. SPHYRAENIDAE Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum) great barracuda D-67-8 Jul-Aug NN-1, 1, 16.3 NN-2, 1, 16.8 Sphyraena borealis DeKay northern sennet D-67-4 May AA-4, 1, 40.4 FF-1, 2, 38.4-49.4 KK-2,.l, 33.7 LL-2, 1, 37.8 D-67-16 Oct AA-4, 1, 42.1 D-68-1 Jan-Feb DD-5. 1. 23.9 DD-6, 1, 30.0 EE-6, 1, 42.9 PP-1, 1, 34.3 If Sphyraena borealis and S. picudilla are valid separate species, those specimens here identified as the former species may well include the latter, for I was unable to find a character which separates the two species in fishes less than 50 mm. I found that characters such as relative eye size and nature of the interorbital space (de Sylva 1963, p. 34) were insuf- ficiently different in small specimens to permit separation into two species. URANOSCOPIDAE Unidentified D-67-4 May FF-3, 1, 23.5 FF-4, 1, 21.9 HH-4, 2, 15.9-18.3 JJ-3, 1, 16.0 KK-3, 1, 17.7 D-67-8 Jul-Aug JJ-3, 2, 8.1-8.9 D-67-16 Oct DD-3, 1, 11.7 DD-4, 1, 9.4 GG-5, 1, 13.1 HH-6, 2, 9.5-12.8 D-68-! Jan-Feb GG-5, 5, 9.2-10.9 KK-5, 1, 14.9 BLENNIIDAE Unidentified D-67-4 May AA-4, 1, 21.4 AA-5, 1, 21.8 CC-5, 1, 14.9 FF-1, 4, 13.3-16.7 FF-3, 6, 9.3-21.0 FF-4, 1, 21.0 HH-2, 4, 11.7-13.4 JJ-3, 2, 13.8-14.8 KK-2, 3, 11.4-16.4 MM-1, 5, 20.1-20.6 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-3, 1, 10.5 D-67-16 Oct CC-2, 2, 14.8-16.5 DD-3, 1, 11.2 KK-3, 1, 16.9 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-4, 1, 19.8 NN-1, 1, 13.6 GOBIIDAE Unidentified D-67-8 Jul-Aug MM-2, 2, 4.1-4.5 GEMPYLIDAE Diplospinus multistriatus Maul D-67-16 Oct NN-3, 1, 26.9 D-68-1 Jan-Feb PP-2, 1, 14.7 Voss (1954) described and assigned larvae to two types within the genus Gempylus: Gempylus A and Gempylus B. The two specimens reported on here are assignable to her Gempylus A by virtue of the preopercular spination and lack of rays following the serrated pelvic spine. As Ahlstrom (1971) reported, Voss' Gempylus A larvae are Diplospinus mul- tistriatus. Voss (1954) reported larval occurrences in winter, spring, and summer. The addition of our catch in the fall (October) indicates this species spawns throughout the year. SCOMBREDAE Auxis sp. D-67-4 May LL-5. 2, 15.5-19.1 MM-4, 4, 17.4-23.7 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-6, 1, 22.4 GG-6, 2, 12.2-mut. GG-7, 1, 11.0 HH-7, 5, 13.3-21.3 KK-6, 3, 7.9-13.9 D-68-1 Jan-Feb GG-7, 1, 15.0 JJ-6, 1, 13.7 KK-6, 1, 17.5 MM-4, 10, 12.6-21.7 Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque) little tunny D-67-8 Jul-Aug FF-4, 1, 11.2 GG-6, 5, 12.2-14.5 GG-7, 1, 12.0 JJ-4, 1, 16.7 Scorn ber japonicus Houttuyn chub mackerel D-67-4 May FF-4, 1, mut. HH-5, 1, 22.2 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-5, 1, 15.7 AA-7, 2, 18.6-22.2 KK-5, 1, 29.5 Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill) Spanish mackerel D-67-4 May LL-2, 1, 21.9 MM-1, 1, 22.1 D-67-8 Jul-Aug DD-1, 1, 27.1 DD-3, 1, 20.8 Thunnus sp. D-67-4 May PP-1, 1, 13.7 D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-7, 1, 9.9 27 Figure 16.— Distribu- tion of striped mullet, Mugil cephalua, lar- vae and juveniles, during winter, 1968. 28 DISTRIBUTION OF Mugil ciirema LARVAE AND JUVENILES. MAY 1967. NONE 1-10 : 11-40 y • • * \ _^-*^'*o^==a^ ^^f=^^^ ".'.'.. ''.'.'.'.'.'J.'.i:i"::\: > ' Figure 17.— Distribu- tion of white mullet, Mugil curema, larvae and juveniles during spring, 1967. 29 Of the 51 scombrids in the collections, only 8 (16%) were captured in day tows. Postlarval scombrids ap- parently 1) are able to see and avoid nets approaching at 5 knots, or 2) engage in diel vertical migrations and are only available to surface samplers during twilight or night. Dooley (1972) reported taking young (37-78 mm) Scomber japonicus schooling with Trachurus lathami and Decapterus punctatus. Our S. japonicus specimens were all taken in association with juveniles oi Decapterus punctatus (and was the only scombrid species so associated). Judging from our catches in January, February, and May, and Dooley's (1972) catches in March, this species probably spawns dur- ing winter and spring in the South Atlantic Bight. We did not catch enough postlarval Spanish mackerel to determine the length of the spawning period, but in 1967 spawning began at least as early as May off the east coast of Florida. We caught larvae in Gulf V plankton samplers as far north as Jacksonville on 10 May (unpublished) and the size of the postlar- vae caught on 8 May indicates an onset of spawning perhaps as early as late April. The postlarvae reported on here were all taken within 15 miles (27.81 km) of shore while smaller larvae were taken as far offshore as 62 miles (114.95 km), indicating an offshore spawn- ing and inshore migration with growth. XIPHIIDAE Xiphias gladius Linnaeus swordfish D-67-4 May NN-4, 2, 20.6-23.9 D-67-16 Oct FF-4, 1, 26.4 FF-6, 2, 31.0-94.5 GG-7. 1, 25.9 D-68-1 Jan-Feb PP-2, 1, 21.5 PP-3, 1. 28.0 Our data do little to support the contention of Arata (1954) and Taning (1955) that swordfish spawning oc- curs in two centers in the Atlantic: 1) west of the Florida Straits in the Gulf of Mexico; 2) in the southern part of the Sargasso Sea. The specimens we caught off Georgia in October could have arrived from the former area via the Florida Current and from the latter area via the Antilles Current. The specimens caught in the Florida Straits in May and February probably originated in the Gulf of Mexico. ISTIOPHORIDAE Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder) sailfish D-67-4 May LL-4, 1, 79.3 Makaira nigricans Lacepede blue marlin D-67-8 Jul-Aug NN-3, 1, 14.8 Unidentified (a.) D-67-4 May LL-5, 2, 49.3-58.5 NN-3, 1, 37.8 PP-2, 2, 34.4-42.9 Unidentified (b.) D-67-4 May NN-3, 1, 13.1 NN-4, 1, mut. D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-4, 3, 10.4-11.8 BB-6, 8, 10.9-24.3 CC-6, 3, 13.4-15.4 DD-6, 1, 8.1 FF-6, 1, 12.3 GG-6, 1, 15.3 KK-6, 3, 11.9-16.9 LL-5, 1, 27.4 NN-2, 1, 11.0 NN-3, 1, 17.7 NN-4, 1, 10.3 D-67-16 Oct NN-3, 1, 8.5 The blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, was positively identified by its vertebral count (11 + 13) and short snout length relative to eye diameter. The sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, was identified by vertebral count (12 -I- 12) and dorsal fin formula (44 spines, 7 rays). The five specimens in "Unidentified (a.)" have 12 + 12 vertebrae (thus eliminating M. nigricans) and 49 or 50 total dorsal fin elements (too low a count for Tetrapterus pfluegeri). Distinguishing between the remaining two species of western North Atlantic istiophorids at this size is not possible. The 27 specimens in "Unidentified (b.)" have 12 -I- 12 vertebrae and long snout length relative to eye diameter. Because posterior dorsal fin rays are not visible on X-rays, no counts were made. All specimens between 8.1 and 16.9 mm FL have two secondary spines on the vertical limb of the preopercle (Fig. 18), Figure 18. — Head of hypothetical istiophorid larva showing pair of secondary preopercular spines. but the diagnostic significance of this is not clear. Voss (1953) showed one such spine on sailfish larvae 3.9-6.3 mm, and no spines on specimens 8.0 mm and larger. Ueyanagi's (1963) illustrations showed 1) one spine on sailfish 5.1-13.2 mm and none on a 20.3 mm specimen, and 2) one spine on Tetrapterus sp. larvae 4.5 and 5.0 mm and two spines on specimens 12.0- 21.2 mm. Gehringer's (1956) illustrations showed two spines on sailfish larvae 11.3-20.9 mm (except one spine on a 14.6 mm specimen), and mentioned that character in his text, thus ruling out "artist's license". Until the ontogeny of all istiophorid species is de- scribed and compared, the 27 specimens at hand must remain unidentified. STROMATEIDAE Nomeus gronovii (Gmelin) man-of-war fish D-67-4 May LL-5, 1, 18.3 D-68-1 Jan-Feb DD-6, 1, 15.8 LL-3, 1, 28.8 PP-2, 3, 10.1-18.7 Peprilus triacanthus (Peck) butterfish D-67-4 May AA-2, 2, 12.0-12.2 CC-6. 1, 19.0 EE-1, 2, 23.5-24.2 EE-5, 1, 18.8 EE-6, 1, 14.8 FF-2, 11, 14.5-39.6 FF-3, 40, 11.3-52.1 30 FF-4, 39, 12.7-28.7 HH-1, 1, 32.4 HH-2, 3, 14.8-22.5 HH-4, 5, 12.8-24.3 HH-5, 1, 14.8 JJ-3, 7, 8.6-26.9 KK-1, 4, 21.6-25.4 KK-2, 8, 12.9-32.9 KK-3, 1, 22.8 MM-1, 1. 15.9 D-67-8 Jul-Aug DD-2, 1, 13.3 FF-2, 4. 12.4-14.1 D-67-16 Oct LL-3, 2, 11.3-12.2 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-2, 1, 14.9 AA-4, 2, 14.2-15.4 FF-5, 3, 10.8-18.2 GG-2, 18, 11.3-38.0 GG-3, .3, 16.6-41.7 GG-5, I, 18.2 HH-3, 3, 20.8-24.0 Psenes cyanophrys Valenciennes freckled driftfish D-67-4 May EE-6, 1. 21.0 JJ-6, 1, 24.2 MM-4, 1, 30.1 PP-2, 1, 15.2 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-7, 1, 23.4 BB-5, 1, 19.8 BB-6, 1, 22.5 CC-7, 1, 14.3 DD-6, 1, 23.7 LL-5, 1, 15.4 NN-3, 1. 19.9 D-68-! Jan-Feb DD-6, 1, 22.2 PP-2, 1, 60.9 Small butterfish are probably more typical of sur- face waters north of Cape Kennedy than south. Dooley (1972) caught none off Miami, and except for one specimen from the offing of Vero Beach, our records were all north of Cape Kennedy. Lengths of specimens indicate spawning occurs throughout the year, and is not restricted to summer and early fall as is true north of Cape Hatteras (Haedrich 1967). I cannot report how strongly associated with medusae any of these stromateids are since the net only rarely contained jellyfish or Portugese man-of- war, and not on any of the stations where stromateids were taken. SCORPAENIDAE Scorpaena sp. D-67-4 May JJ-3, 1, 11.8 D-67-8 Jul-Aug PP-3, 1, 10.5 D-67-16 Oct CC-5, 1, 11.2 HH-6, 1, 10.3 MM-4, 2, 9.3-10.1 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-5, 1, 11.6 NN-2, 1, 11.5 TRIGLIDAE Unidentified D-67-4 May AA-1, 1, 11.2 D-67-16 Oct CC-5, 2, 5.2-6.4 CC-6, 1, 9.8 HH-6, 2, 12.7-13.5 HH-7, 1, 11.5 DACTYLOPTERIDAE Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus) flying gurnard D-67-4 May NN-3, 1, 10.5 D-67-8 Jul-Aug DD-6, 1, 6.3 SL NN-3, 1, 11.2 SL BOTHIDAE Bothus ocellatus (Agassiz) eyed flounder D-67-4 May AA-2, 15, 15.2-23.8 AA-3, 4, 17.6-21.9 AA-4, 2, 20.1-20.7 AA-6, 1, 19.3 BB-4, 1, 13.0 CC-7, 1, 11.7 KK-4, 1, 19.5 LL-4, 1, 16.6 LL-5, 1, 17.5 MM-3, 2, 10.0-15.7 NN-4, 1, 13.2 PP-1, 1, 13.5 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-1, 1, 11.5 AA-6, 2, 15.0-15.2 AA-7, 5, 7.4-21.4 DD-3, 1, 7.1 DD-6, 1, 19.1 FF-1, 1, 19.5 FF-2, 10, 14.3-19.6 HH-6, 3, 10.1-16.0 JJ-4, 3, 12.0-17.2 JJ-5, 2, 9.4-12.8 KK-6, 2, 11.2-14.5 MM-1, 7, 10.3-18.4 MM-2, 20, 13.2-19.3 MM-3, 6, 9.7-17.4 NN-2, 1, 12.8 PP-1, 3, 11.4-24.9 PP-3, 1, 21.7 D-67-16 Oct AA-5, 1, 10.3 DD-6. 2, 13.9-15.5 HH-6, 45. 11.5-23.3 HH-7, 13, 11.5-21.9 LL-4, 4, 10.5-21.1 NN-3, 1, 18.5 PP-1, 7, 12.2-19.9 PP-2, 8. 13.4-21.6 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-4, 3, 17.2-20.1 BB-2, 2, 12.4-12.9 BB-4, 5. CC-4, 1. DD-6, 1, EE-2, 1, EE-4, 2, 11.1-15.4 17.1 17.3 21.6 12.9-20.3 EE-5, 2, 14.5-15.3 EE-6, 2, 9.6-16.9 FF-3, 4, 13.7-21.1 FF-4, 12, 12.9-18.6 FF-5, 8, 13.0-23.8 GG-5, 1, 21.8 GG-6, 4, 16.3-17.3 GG-7, 1, 12.2 HH-5, 2, 12.9-16.2 JJ-5, 5, 12.5-20.1 KK-5, 6, 14.1-20.0 LL-2, 1, 16.1 NN-1, 8, 11.0-22.8 NN-2, 4, 19.3-24.0 NN-3, 2, 21.0-24.0 PP-1, 1, 17.4 PP-2, 2, 14.3-20.1 PP-3, 1, 14.9 Unidentified D-67-4 May AA-1, 4, 11.2-13.5 AA-2, 2, 14.2-14.4 HH-2, 1, 13.8 D-67-8 Jul-Aug FF-2, 10, 13.2-14.5 D-67-16 Oct GG-4, 1, 12.7 HH-6, 5, 10.3-17.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-4, 1, 13.4 DD-3, 3, 10.1-12.4 FF-5, 2, 11.2-13.2 JJ-3, 1, 16.3 LL-5, 1, 13.2 Bothus ocellatus larvae are a common constituent of the surface fauna off the southeastern United States. They occurred during all seasons and throughout the entire range of our survey. Similar length ranges during all seasons indicate year-round spawning (Table 8), and maximum lengths of about 24.0 mm indicate that this is the maximum size before metamorphosis when the larvae begin a demersal ex- istence and are no longer available to surface samplers. All of the unidentified bothid larvae are either Citharichthys sp. or Etropus sp. None is assignable to C. arctifrons or E. microstomas as described by Leonard (1971). Because of overlapping meristic characters among species in these two genera we are unable to identify these specimens. SOLEffiAE Gymnachirus metas Nichols naked sole D-68-1 Jan-Feb LL-2, 1, 123.0 Table 8.— Summary of catch data for Bothus ocellatus. Transect Number Size Month range caught range (mm FL) May AA-PP 31 10.0-23.8 Jul-Aug AA-PP 69 7.1-24.9 Oct AA-PP 81 10.3-23.3 Jan-Feb AA-PP 81 9.6-24.0 31 I was unable to find a record in the literature of this species occurring at the surface. We caught our specimen at night over a depth of 15 m. CYNOGLOSSIDAE Symphurus sp. D-67-16 Oct HH-6, 1, 11.3 BALISTIDAE Aluterus heudeloti HoUard dotterel filefish D-67-4 May JJ-1, 1, 74.9 D-67-8 Jul-Aug CC-5, 1, 30.6 CC-6, 1, 27.0 HH-7, 1, 59.1 D-67-16 Oct MM-2, 1, 67.8 Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus) unicorn filefish D-67-8 Jul-Aug KK-6, 1, 53.0 D-67-16 Oct PP-1, 2, 68.0-70.0 Aluterus schoepfi (Walbaum) orange filefish D-67-4 May DD-1, 1, 11.0 JJ-5, 1, 32.9 NN-4, 1, 28.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-5, 1, 30.5 FF-6, 1, 21.0 D-67-16 Oct GG-5, 1, 22.5 JJ-4, 1, 34.0 NN-2, 2, 68.0-78.1 Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck) scrawled filefish D-67-4 May NN-4, 1, 37.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-6, 1, 63.9 KK-6, 1, 44.0 LL-5, 2, 49.0-98.7 MM-3, 2, 32.5-88.7 PP-3, 1, 63.8 D-67-16 Oct KK-6, 2, 42.0-79.7 NN-3, 1, 78.1 PP-3, 2, 43.5-73.2 Aluterus sp. D-67-4 May CC-5, 1, 19.0 Batistes capriscus Gmelin gray triggerfish D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-7, 1, 25.0 BB-6, 1, 39.2 CC-6, 1, 32.8 HH-7, 1, 27.5 JJ-5, 1, 11.1 JJ-6, 1, 18.4 KK-5, 6, 17.5-27.7 KK-6, 2, 12.8-13.0 LL-4, 3, 20.4-32.7 LL-5, 3, 12.2-23.7 MM-2, 3, 13.1-15.3 NN-1, 1, 17.3 NN-2, 5, 14.9-23.4 D-67-16 Oct HH-7, 1, 21.5 KK-5, 1, 30.9 KK-6, 2, 62.6-83.4 LL-2, 2, 29.2-32.5 MM-1, 1, 72.1 NN-3, 1, 20.9 PP-1, 3, 20.4-69.5 Batistes sp. D-67-8 Jul-Aug MM-3, 2, 18.4-22.9 NN-2, 2, 12.9-13.2 Cantherhines pullus (Ranzani) orange spotted filefish D-67-8 Jul-Aug PP-3, 1, 50.5 D-67-16 Oct FF-5, 1, 29.0 JJ-6, 2, 60.0-65.3 MM-2, 2, 53.0-57.0 PP-3, 1, 55.3 Canthidermis maculatus (Bloch) rough triggerfish D-67-4 May LL-5, 1, 8.3 NN-4, 5, 8.8-10.0 PP-1, 2, 8.1-9.6 D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-7, 1, 16.8 NN-2, 1, 31.8 NN-3, 1, 32.5 PP-3, 1, 73.5 D-67-16 Oct JJ-6, 1, 32.8 KK-5, 1, 36.9 LL-4, 1, 31.1 PP-1, 1, 24.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb PP-3, 1, 21.5 Canthidermis sufflamen (Mitchill) ocean triggerfish D-67-4 May NN-3, 7, 10.0-19.6 D-67-16 Oct LL-5, 1, 16.2 Monacanthus ciliatus (Mitchill) fringed filefish D-67-4 May AA-4, 1, 16.0 AA-5, 2, 15.5-16.5 CC-7, 3, 17.0-19.0 EE-5, 1, 21.0 EE-6, 10, 17.0-27.0 FF-6, 22, 19.5-34.5 GG-5, 7, 19.7-27.5 GG-6, 6, 20.0-25.0 HH-2, 1, 21.0 HH-5, 5, 22.0-26.0 JJ-4, 1, 23.0 JJ-5, 1, 23.2 KK-3, 2, 20.0-23.1 LL-2, 1, 21.0 LL-4, 4, 20.0-22.0 NN-3, 1, 25.0 NN-4, 1, 25.5 PP-1, 1, 24.6 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-5, 20, 17.5-25.0 BB-6, 6, 19.5-29.5 CC-3, 1, 17.3 CC-4, 1. 60.5 CC-6, 5. 18.0-27.5 DD-4, 2, 20.0-20.5 DD-6, 1, 26.5 EE-5, 2, 19.5-19.5 FF-5, 3, 19.0-21.2 FF-6, 1, 22.0 GG-4, 1, 21.7 JJ-1, 1, 18.8 JJ-5, 5, 17.5-22.0 JJ-6, 1, 23.5 KK-4, 1, 25.5 LL-3, 1, 20.0 LL-4, 5, 19.0-23.0 LL-5, 2, 22.0-26.0 NN-2, 3, 12.0-24.5 NN-3, 1, 25.5 D-67-16 Oct AA-5, 2, 21.0-23.0 AA-7, 2, 21.5-24.0 CC-7, 1, 20.5 DD-4, 2, 19.5-20.5 EE-6, 2, 17.0-22.5 FF-5, 1, 25.0 GG-6, 1, 26.0 HH-7, 1, 25.0 JJ-2, 3, 23.0-24.0 JJ-5, 1, 22.0 LL-3, 2, 23.0-34.0 NN-1, 1, 20.8 D-68-1 Jan-Feb GG-6, 1, 21.7 LL-3, 1, 25.5 Monacanthus hispidus (Linnaeus) planehead filefish D-67-4 May AA-5, 3, 21.0-26.0 AA-6, 5, 33.9-167.8 SL AA-7, 1, 47.0 BB-5, 9, 17.0-32.0 BB-6, 2, 14.0-19.0 CC-4, 1, 15.5 CC-7, 1, 15.5 DD-5, 1, 15.5 DD-6, 7, 23.0-38.5 EE-4, 1, 16.0 FF-1, 1, 21.3 FF-4, 2, 19.5-23.0 FF-6, 1, 62.5 GG-4, 1, 35.5 GG-5, 1, 46.7 GG-6, 18, 19.5-.32.1 HH-2, 3, 23.0-24.8 HH-3, 9, 44.1-58.0 HH-4, 2, 19.5-29.9 HH-5, 3, 20.0-28.7 HH-6, 8, 20.0-29.9 HH-7, 4, 22.3-30.9 JJ-1, 1, 21.0 JJ-3, 3, 17.2-25.4 JJ-4, 3, 19.5-49.4 JJ-5, 2, 17.5-24.0 KK-1, 1, 24.8 KK-2, 2. 22.1-42.2 KK-3, 1, 21.0 KK-5, 1, 24.6 KK-6, 3, 19.3-20.3 LL-1, 1, 22.3 LL-2, 2, 19.5-20.0 LL-4, 1, 22.6 MM-3, 1, 19.2 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-5, 3, 22.5-33.2 BB-6, 14, 20.5-42.9 CC-5, 1, 21.0 CC-6, 3, 21.0-34.0 DD-6, 3, 34.5-75.0 FF-6, 3, 19.5-26.5 GG-6, 2, 25.7-26.0 GG-7. 4. 20.0-28.9 HH-7, 9, 16.9-21.0 JJ-4, 1, 25.2 JJ-5. 3, 11.1-20.0 JJ-6, 2, 21.0-65.3 KK-4, 6, 20.0-44.7 KK-5, 17, 20.5-79.6 KK-6, 3, 26.5-71.8 LL-3, 2, 8.7-11.0 LL-4, 14, 19.5-40.3 LL-5, 18, 20.0-63.0 MM-3, 1, 20.5 NN-2, 2, 20.0-24.6 D-67-16 Oct AA-4, 1, 37.7 AA-5, 13, 19.0-51.7 AA-6, 6, 26.4-49.6 AA-7, 2, 26.5-27.6 CC-1, 1, 23.2 CC-7, 2, 21.5-23.4 DD-6, 2, 19.0-27.1 EE-6, 2, 24.5-26.7 FF-5, 31, 20.4-73.3 FF-6. 1, 22.0 GG-5, 32, 20.0-72.0 GG-6, 1, 63.9 HH-2, 2, 24.8-30.8 HH-3, 15, 21.0-50.8 HH-6, 19, 20.0-55.3 HH-7, 4, 20.0-26.5 JJ-1, 3, 21.0-50.1 JJ-2, 4, 27.0-33.5 32 JJ-3, 4, 19.0-30.7 JJ-4, 4, 20.0-54.8 KK-1, 6, 20.5-31.7 KK-2, 3, 20.0-50.2 KK-3, 2, 20.0-21.0 KK-5. 1, 21.5 LL-3, 4, 19.5-22.5 LL-5, 1, 20.5 MM-2, 2, 19.5-20.2 MM-3, 1, 21.9 NN-2, 9, 21.0-30.8 PP-1, 1, 24.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 1, 21.5 DD-5, 2, 19.2-20.2 GG-6, 2, 19.0-21.7 HH-3, 1, 22.5 HH-4, 2, 24.3-34.2 HH-5, 3, 20.0-34.1 JJ-4, 4, 19.5-36.9 LL-5, 4, 21.0-26.2 MM-1, 1, 22.1 MM-3, 4, 20.0-25.0 Monacanthus setifer Bennett pygmy filefish D-67-4 May EE-6, 1, 21.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug BB-6, 1, 37.3 KK-5, 2, 35.0-39.0 LL-3, 1, 21.0 MM-4, 1, 32.9 NN-2, 1, 28.0 NN-3, 1, 32.7 PP-3, 2, 33.4-38.0 D-67-16 Oct GG-7, 1, 43.4 HH-7, 17, 26.8-40.0 JJ-5, 4, 34.5-41.4 JJ-6, 17, 29.4-50.0 KK-5, 10, 23.0-45.7 KK-6, 16, 34.7-50.2 LL-1, 1, 37.5 LL-2, 1, 39.6 LL-3, 7, 23.0-37.1 LL-5, 1, 50.6 MM-3, 2, 25.2-44.3 MM-4, 1, 33.3 NN-2, 5, 26.5-44.0 NN-3, 4, 22.0-46.5 PP-1, 16, 26.0-52.0 PP-2, 1, 35.2 PP-3, 186, 23.0-53.0 D-68-1 Jan-Feb HH-4, 1, 25.3 Monacanthus tuckeri Bean slender filefish D-67-8 Jul-Aug CC-6, 2, 22.0-25.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 1, 23.0 Xanthichthys ringens (Linnaeus) sargassum triggerfish D-67-16 Oct NN-3, 1, 18.3 Unidentified triggerfishes D-67-1 May NN-1, 1. 9.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug JJ-6, 1, 14.4 NN-4, 1, 9.9 PP-2, 1, 13.4 PP-3, 1, 15.5 Unidentified filefishes D-67-4 May AA-1. 12, 7.0-11.0 SL AA-2, 29, 6.5-13.0 SL AA-3, 77, 5.5-13.0 SL AA-4, 9, 6.0-12.0 SL AA-5, 12, 5.5-13.0 SL AA-7. 1, 11.0 SL BB-6, 1, 8.0 SL CC-3, 2, 5.0-12.0 SL CC-4, 8, 9.5-13.0 SL CC-5, 27, 6.0-13.5 SL CC-6, 6, 9.0-13.5 SL CC-7, 5, 9.0-9.5 SL DD-1, 8, 9.5-14.0 SL DD-3, 1, 13.0 SL DD-5, 1, 13.5 SL DD-6, 19, 10.5-19.5 SL EE-4, 3, 6.5-14.0 SL EE-5, 8, 5.0-12.0 SL EE-6, 41, 6.5-11.0 SL FF-1, 8, 14.2-18.5 FF-2, 5, 13.9-19.4 FF-3, 387, 6.1-18.4 FF-4, 2, 9.5-13.0 FF-5, 9, 11.4-19.0 FF-6, 15, 14.2-19.0 GG-5, 25, 10.5-19.5 GG-6, 16, 13.3-18.0 GG-7, 2, 15.9-18.2 HH-2, 97, 6.7-16.5 HH-4, 117, 7.4-19.0 HH-5, 47, 9.9-19.0 HH-6, 5, 15.5-19.0 JJ-4, 4, 12.2-19.5 JJ-5, 1, 13.2 JJ-6, 1, 12.4 KK-1, 2, 13.5-17.5 KK-3, 1, 16.7 KK-4, 2, 17.1-23.3 LL-1, 3, 13.7-14.2 LL-2, 9, 11.3-19.0 LL-3, 4, 10.3-19.7 LL-4, 3, 10.4-12.0 LL-5, 4, 8.0-18.2 MM-1, 2, 12.1-16.1 NN-2, 3, 14.0-15.1 NN-4, 1, 11.5 PP-2, 2, 13.2-14.9 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-4, 1, 12.5 AA-7, 2, 13.3-17.0 BB-5, 5, 13.0-19.0 BB-6, 16, 13.1-19.5 CC-4, 6, 10.3-19.5 CC-5, 1, 13.9 CC-6, 7, 12.9-19.0 CC-7, 5, 12.9-17.8 DD-4, 1, 13.5 DD-6, 2, 13.1-15.1 EE-4, 2, 15.9-16.1 EE-5, 1, 14.1 FF-4, 2, 13.3-14.4 FF-5, 5, 12.7-18.5 FF-6, 5, 12.6-16.4 GG-6, 3, 15.3-19.0 GG-7, 3, 10.8-12.0 JJ-4, 1, 14.8 JJ-6, 3, 12.4-18.9 KK-4, 2, 18.5-19.5 KK-5, 18, 15.0-19.5 KK-6, 6, 11.7-14.0 LL-2, 1, 9.3 LL-3, 1, 24.6 LL-4, 14, 10.3-19.7 LL-5, 44, 7.8-19.5 MM-1, 3, 11.3-12.7 MM-2, 16, 10.8-19.0 MM-3. 23. 10.5-18.5 MM-4, 2, 15.3-15.7 NN-1, 10, 8.2-15.7 NN-2, 30, 6.9-19.0 NN-3, 1, 11.7 NN-4, 2, 10.5-14.3 D-67-16 Oct AA-7, 7, 10.8-15.0 CC-7, 10, 12.9-19.0 DD-4, 1, 12.5 DD-5, 2, 13.3-15.7 EE-5, 1, 15.7 EE-6, 5, 13.4-19.0 FF-2, 2, 19.3-19.9 FF-4, 1, 13.1 FF-5, 20, 10.4-19.7 FF-6, 4, 11.4-19.0 GG-5, 21, 16.8-19.5 GG-6, 7, 15.3-19.5 HH-4, 1, mut. HH-6. 20. 14.5-19.5 HH-7, 3, 14.7-15.7 JJ-2, 1, 17.6 JJ-3, 3, 16.2-17.5 JJ-4, 14, 12.1-19.5 JJ-5, 5, 11.6-16.3 KK-1, 1, 17.3 KK-2, 1, 18.1 KK-3, 1, 17.8 KK-5, 4, 11.9-19.0 LL-1, 1, 16.6 LL-3, 16, 13.3-19.0 LL-5, 1, 18.3 MM-1, 4, 14.7-17.9 MM-2, 1. 17.3 MM-4, 2, 12.5-14.0 NN-1, 21, 14.4-19.3 NN-2, 17, 12.4-19.5 NN-4, 1. 16.5 PP-1, 1, 8.7 PP-3, 1, 20.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-7, 2, 16.5-17.5 DD-2. 2, 16.4-17.7 DD-4, 1, 13.7 DD-5, 2, 16.0-18.5 DD-6, 4, 16.3-18.6 GG-7, 1, 14.7 HH-5, 2, 13.3-19.0 JJ-4, 4, 14.9-16.0 KK-4, 2, 13.8-17.5 KK-5, 6, 11.5-14.9 KK-6, 1, 14.2 LL-3, 3, 15.7-19.0 LL-5, 8, 11.8-18.5 MM-3, 2, 13.7-19.5 MM-4, 2, 18.4-19.3 NN-4, 1, 15.0 PP-1, 1, 12.7 Our catches of filefishes are consistent with obser- vations made by Berry and Vogele (1961). Monacanthus hispidus is more abundant than M. setifer and M. hispidus is distributed over the entire shelf while M. setifer is more restricted to Gulf Stream waters. Our catches of these species demonstrate these points (Fig. 19). South of Cape Kennedy, where the Gulf Stream is closer to shore, the species occur together. Monacanthus tuckeri is caught so in- frequently it might be considered rare in surface waters of the South Atlantic Bight. Spawning of Cantherhines pullus probably occurs south of the Florida Straits judging from the dearth of small (i.e., less than 33.0 mm) individuals in pub- lished records. Dooley (1972) took none smaller than 33.0 mm, our smallest was 29.0 mm, and Berry and Vogele (1961, p. 108-109) examined only one smaller than 33.0 mm, a 17.5 mm individual taken from the stomach of a skipjack tuna caught between Grand Bahama and Andros Island. Spawning has been reported in the Caribbean (Munro et al. 1973) and in 33 Figure 19. — Occurrence of two species of Mona- canthits during four sur- vey cruises; each symbol represents an occurrence in one of the four cruises. O MONACANTHU5 HISPtDUS A MONACANTHUS SETIFER 34 the waters around the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico (Randall 1964). Most of the unidentified filefish resemble M. hispidus, but at small sizes we were unable to deter- mine the nature of scale spination, an important iden- tifying character (Berry and Vogele 1961). Because of overlapping meristic characters and relative body depths in the four species of Monacanthus, these specimens were not identified. Most specimens of Balistes capriscus were heavily infested with parasitic copepods {Caligus sp.) at- tached to the bases of the vertical fins. No other balistid species was so affected. OSTRACnDAE Unidentified D-67-4 May CC-5, 1, 7.9 D-67-16 Oct PP-3. 1, 8.9 D-68-1 Jan-Feb MM-4, 1, 6.6 PP-3, 1, 9.7 There are few records of small ostraciids in the lit- erature. Fowler (1945) mentioned three specimens, one of 20 mm from Key West, one of 23 mm from New Jersey, and one of 21 mm from Massachusetts. The latter two records indicate that the Gulf Stream oc- casionally carries developing young to the north. Because postlarval ostraciids resemble the bladders of sargassum in size, shape, and color, more specimens may have been captured and overlooked during our survey. TETRAODONTIDAE Sphoeroides sp. D-67-4 May AA-1, 5, 10.1-11.3 AA-2, 10, 7.4-13.0 AA-3, 10, 9.3-18.8 AA-4, 4, 6.7-11.6 AA-5, 5, 7.4-13.8 AA-6, 1, 8.9 CC-1, 3, 11.0-15.9 CC-3, 1, 15.9 CC-4, 5, 8.7-10.3 CC-5, 12, 6.1-19.9 CC-6, 4, 8.6-15.5 CC-7, 3, 5.4-9.0 DD-3, 1, 10.9 EE-6, 6, 5.7-14.9 FF-2, 3, 11.3-17.9 FF-3, 8, 7.0-12.0 FF-4, 5, 5.7-17.9 FF-5, 2, 10.9-12.2 HH-2, 2, 14.7-15.1 HH-4, 2, 13.5-14.3 HH-5, 8, 13.2-16.5 HH-6, 3, 13.0-15.7 JJ-2, 13, 11.1-18.2 JJ-3, 55, 8.3-14.6 JJ-4, 15, 8.8-16.5 KK-3, 1, 15.0 KK-6, 1, 16.5 LL-2, 2, 7.1-12.1 LL-3, 2, 11.9-12.9 LL-4, 3, 10.3-13.9 LL-5, 2, 13.0-16.6 MM-1, 1. 8.9 MM-2, 1, 8.3 NN-1, 1, 12.5 NN-3, 8. 5.9-8.8 NN-4, 4, 9.9-12.0 PP-1, 2, 6.2-10.0 PP-2, 1, 11.0 D-67-8 Jul-Aug AA-4, 1, 6.4 BB-4, 1, 10.4 EE-5, 2, 8.9-10.7 FF-4, 2, 8.5-10.5 FF-5, 1, 11.8 GG-5, 1, 10.6 HH-5, 2, 7.3-7.4 JJ-5, 1, 13.3 LL-4, 4, 7.7-10.5 MM-3, 1, 9.0 NN-4, 1, 6.6 D-67-16 Oct AA-4, 3, 17.0-20.6 AA-5, 5, 12.4-18.8 DD-4, 1, 15.2 DD-5, 15. 8.6-18.2 FF-,3, 1, 18.9 FF-5, 5, 14.8-21.4 GG-5, 2, 10.0-18.2 HH-3, 2, 9.4-9.6 J.J-3, 1, 9.6 J.J-4, 1, 13.4 JJ-5, 1, 14.5 KK-1, 1, 15.9 LL-4, 1, 9.4 LL-5, 3, 9.6-16.4 NN-1, 1. 14.1 NN-2, 3, 7.7-12.3 NN-3, 2, 10.6-11.4 NN-4, 4, 6.8-12.5 D-68-1 Jan-Feb AA-5, 2, 8.1-14.9 AA-7, 3, 8.5-9.5 DD-5, 1, 10.0 DD-6, 2, 13.2-13.3 FF-5, 1, 6.7 GG-5, 2, 6.9-8.0 KK-4, 2, 12.5-13.0 MM-1, 1, 14.4 MM-2, 1, 16.5 MM-3, 8, 12.0-16.0 PP-2, 4, 8.8-13.3 PP-3, 1, 7,5 Of all fish species caught, small puffers were the most markedly diurnal in occurrence (Table 9). It appears that these fishes engage in a diel vertical migration, but the extent of the nocturnal descent is unknown. Table 9. — Diel variations in catch of juvenile tetraodontids. Dawn Day Dusk Night Number of fish 19 235 42 9 Number of occurrences 9 56 9 4 DIODONTIDAE FF-4, 1, mut. LL-2, 1, mut. Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus NN-3, 1, mut. balloonfish D-67-8 Jul-Aug D-67-8 Jul-Aug GG-6, 2, 7.6-7.8 JJ-5. 1, 70.1 KK-6, 1, mut. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus MM-2, 4, 4.5-27.2 porcupinefish NN-2, 2, 22.0-26.2 D-67-8 Jul-Aug D-67-16 Oct NN-3, 1, 84.5 HH-7, 3, mut. -11.0 LL-4, 1, 11.2 UNIDENTIFIED NN-4, 1, 8.6 D-68-1 Jan-Feb D-67-4 May AA-2, 1, 15.8 BB-2, 1, mut. AA-7, 9, 7.1-9.5 BB-5, 1, mut. DD-2, 1, mut. CC-3, 1, mut. DD-5, 1, 14.8 CC-5, 3, mut. EE-4, 1, 7.3 CC-6, 2, mut. GG-2, 1, 13.0 CC-7, 1, 14.8 NN-1, 1. mut. DD-6, 2, 8.9-11.0 NN-2, 1, 25.0 EE-6, 2, mut. PP-2, 1, mut. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author thanks Peter L. Berrien, Arthur W. Kendall, Jr., John D. Sibunka, and W. G. Smith for their participation in the cruises; Cindy deGorgue for her assistance in sorting, identifying, counting, and measuring; Catherine Noonan for typing the list of fishes; Alyce Wells and Cindy deGorgue for preparing some of the figures; and Lionel A. Walford for careful- ly reviewing the manuscript and offering suggestions for its improvement. 35 LITERATURE CITED ADAMS, J. A. 1960. A contribution to the biology and postlarval develop- ment of the Sargassum fish, Histrio histrio (Linnaeus), with a discussion of the Sargassum complex. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 10:55-82. AHLSTROM, E. H. 1971. Kinds and abundance offish larvae in the eastern trop- ical Pacific, based on collections made on EASTROPAC I. Fish. Bull., U.S. 69:3-77. ANDERSON, W. D., JR. 1967. Field guide to the snappers (Lutjanidae) of the west- ern Atlantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Circ. 252, 14 p. ANDERSON, W. W. 1957. Early development, spawning, growth, and occurrence of the silver mullet (Mugil curema) along the South Atlan- tic coast of the United States. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 57:397-414. 1958. Larval development, growth, and spawning of striped mullet {Mugil cephalus) along the South Atlantic coast of the United States. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 58: 501-519. 1968. Fishes taken during shrimp trawling along the south Atlantic coast of the United States, 1931-35. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 570, 60 p. ANDERSON, W. W., and J. W. GEHRINGER. 1965. Biological-statistical census of the species entering fish- eries in the Cape Canaveral area. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 514, 79 p. ANDERSON, W. W., J. W. GEHRINGER, and F. H. BERRY. 1966. Field guide to the Synodontidae (lizardfishes) of the western Atlantic Ocean. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Circ. 245, 12 p. ARATA, G, F., JR. 1954. A contribution to the life history of the swordfish, Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, from the South Atlantic coast of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 4:183-243. BAILEY, R. M., J. E. FITCH, E. S. HERALD, E. A. LACHNER, C. C. LINDSEY, C. R. ROBINS, and W. B. SCOTT. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. 3rd ed. Am. Fish. Soc, Spec. Publ. 6, 150 p. BERRY, F. H. 1959. Young jack crevalles (Caranx species) off the southeast- ern Atlantic coast of the United States. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 59:417-535. BERRY, F. H., and L. E. VOGELE. 1961. Filefishes (Monacanthidae) of the western North At- lantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 61:61-109. BLACHE, J., J. CADENAT, and A. STAUCH. 1970. Cles de determination des poissons de mer signales dans I'atlantique oriental (entre le 20 ^ parallele nord et le 15f parallele sud). O.R.S.T.O.M., Faune Trop. 18:1-479. BOHLKE, J. E., and C. C. G. CHAPLIN. 1968. Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. Livingston Publ. Co., Wynnwood, Pa., 771 p. BREDER, C. M., JR. 1938. A contribution to the life histories of Atlantic Ocean flyingfishes. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect., Yale Univ. 6, 126 p. 1967. On the survival value of fish schools. Zoologica 52: 25-40. BRIGGS, J. C. 1958. A list of Florida fishes and their distribution. Bull. Fla. State Mus., Biol. Sci. 2:223-318. BRUUN, A. F. 1935. Flying-fishes (Exocoetidae) of the Atlantic, systematic and biological studies. Dana Rep., Carlsberg Found. 6, 106 p. BULLIS, H. R., JR., and J. R. THOMPSON. 1965. Collections by the exploratory fishing vessels Oregon, Silver Bay, Combat, and Pelican made during 1956 to 1960 in the southwestern North Atlantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 510, 130 p. CALDWELL, D. K. 1962. Development and distribution of the short bigeye Pseudopriacanthus altus (Gill) in the western North Atlan- tic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 62:103-150. CALDWELL, M. C, 1962. Development and distribution of larval and juvenile fishes of the family Mullidae of the western North Atlantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 62:403-457. CLARK, J., W. G. SMITH, A. W. KENDALL, JR., and M. P. FAHAY. 1969. Studies of estuarine dependence of Atlantic coastal fishes. Data Report I: Northern section. Cape Cod to Cape Lookout. R.V. Dolphin cruises 1965-66: Zooplankton vol- umes, midwater trawl collections, temperatures and salini- ties. U.S. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl., Tech. Pap. 28, 132 p. 1970. Studies of estuarine dependence of Atlantic coastal fishes. Data Report II: Southern section, New River Inlet, N.C., to Palm Beach, Fla. R. V. Dolphin cruises 1967-68: Zooplankton volumes, surface-meter net collections, tem- peratures, and salinities. U.S. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl., Tech. Pap. 59, 97 p. DE SYLVA, D. P. 1963. Systematics and life history of the great barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum). Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. (Miami) 1. 179 p. DOOLEY, J. 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McKENNEY, T. W., E. C. ALEXANDER, and G. L. VOSS. 1958. Early development and larval distribution of the ca- rangid fish, Caranx crysos (Mitchill). Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 8:167-200. MILLER, G. L.. and S. C. JORGENSON. 1973. Meristic characters of some marine fishes of the western Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull., U.S. 71:301-312. MOORE, D. 1962. Development, distribution, and comparison of rudder fishes Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus) and K. incisor (Cuvier) in the western North Atlantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 61:451-480. MONRO, J. L., V. C. GAUT, R. THOMPSON, and P. H. REE- SON. 1973. Thespawningseasonsof Caribbean reef fishes. J. Fish Biol. 5:69-84. OKIYAMA, M. 1970. Studies on the early life history of the rainbow runner, Elagatis bipinnulatus (Quoy & Gaimard) in the Indo-Pacific Oceans. Bull. Far Seas Fish. Res. Lab. (Shimizu) 3:167- 186. RANDALL, J. E. 1964. A revision of the filefish genera Amanses and Canther- hines. Copeia 1964:331-361. SMITH, D. G. 1969. Xenocongrid eel larvae in the western North Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci. 19:377-408. STAIGER, J. C. 1965. Atlantic flyingfishes of the genus Cypselurus, with de- scriptions of the juveniles. Bull. Mar. Sci. 15:672-725. STRUHSAKER, P. 1969. Demersal fish resources: Composition, distribution, and commercial potential of the Continental Shelf stocks off Southeastern United States. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Ind. Res. 4:261-,300. SUTHERLAND, D. F. 1963. Variation in vertebral numbers of juvenile Atlantic menhaden. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 435, 21 p. TANING, a. V. 1955. On the breeding areas of the swordfish (Xipht'as) Deep- Sea Res. (Suppl.) 3:438-450. UEYANAGI, S. 1963. Methods for identification and discrimination of the larvae of five istiophorid species distributing in the Indo- Pacific. [In Jap., Engl, synop.] Rep. Nankai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 17:137-151. U.S. DEPARTMENT of COMMERCE, COAST and GEODETIC SURVEY. 1967. Tide tables, high and low water predictions, east Coast of North and South America, including Greenland, 289 p. 1968. Tide tables, high and low water predictions, east Coast of North and South America, including Greenland, 289 p. VOSS, G. L. 1953. A contribution to the life history and biology of the sail- fish, Istiophorus americanus Cuv. and Val., in Florida waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 3:206-240. VOSS, N. A. 1954. The postlarval development of the fishes of the family Gempylidae from the Florida Current. I. Nesiarchus John- son and Gempylus Cuv. and Val. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 4:120-1,59. 37 APPENDIX TABLE Station list including dates, times, observed physical conditions, and number of categories caught, including all fishes whether identified to species, identified to a higher taxon, or not identified. Cruise D 67-4 Tou Date Start Light Uater Surface Surface Number of Station 1967 Time Condition Depth Temp Sal Categotie D M lEDST) IM) C°C) (°/OOj Caught AA-l 15 2135 Night 10 19.2 36.10 9 AA-2 15 2006 Dusk 15 18.8 36.10 10 M-3 15 1903 Dusk 20 18.7 36.50 6 M-4 15 1850 Day 26 19.6 36.70 8 M-5 15 1616 Day 30 21.7 37.40 11 M-6 15 1337 Day 39 22.0 36.70 7 AA-7 15 nil Day 175 23.3 36.60 2 BB-1 14 2226 Night 13 20.2 35.30 BB-2 14 2329 Night 12 20.2 35.40 3 BB-3 15 0054 Night 19 19.9 35.70 1 BB-4 15 0223 Night 27 20.9 36.60 5 BB-5 15 0352 Night 28 21.8 36.80 6 BB-6 15 0549 Dawn 157 24.2 36.70 4 CC-l 14 1806 Day 10 20.8 37.60 3 CC-2 14 1715 Day 13 20.5 35.60 - CC-3 14 1620 Day 17 20.9 35.70 5 CC-4 14 1501 Day 20 21.1 35.80 7 CC-5 14 1337 Day 25 21.3 36.40 9 CC.6 14 1058 Day 31 21.6 36.80 10 CC-7 14 0853 Day 124 21.3 37.20 15 DD-1 13 2103 Dusk 10 21.7 33.90 7 DD-2 13 2201 Night 13 20.8 35.80 5 DD-3 13 2335 Night 16 20.9 35.70 7 DO-4 14 0108 Night 28 22.1 36.70 4 DD-5 14 0230 Night 34 21.9 37.90 8 DD-6 14 0457 Dawn 160 22.2 37.80 14 EE-1 13 0409 Night 11 21.3 35.20 6 EE-2 13 0307 Night 13 21.2 35.60 2 EE-3 13 0206 Night 16 20.9 35.70 4 EE-4 13 0040 Night 25 21.1 36.70 6 EE-5 13 1149 Day 37 21.5 37.40 8 EE-6 13 1431 Day 108 22.1 37.30 12 FF-1 12 1830 Day 11 23.3 31.00 6 FF-2 12 1711 Day 16 22.3 36.00 6 FF.3 12 1534 Day 22 21.8 36.60 8 FF-i 12 1406 Day 29 21.3 37.40 10 FF-5 12 1111 Day 42 21.3 37.60 5 FF-6 12 0849 Day 139 21.7 37.80 4 CG-I 11 1728 Day 9 22.9 35.10 - CG-2 11 1839 Day 13 22.7 35.30 - GC-3 11 1947 Dusk 16 22.1 35.40 GG-4 11 2125 Night 25 22.3 35.88 2 GG-5 11 2321 Night 32 22.3 36.15 7 GG.6 12 0200 Night 39 22.5 37.63 6 GG-7 12 0433 Night 157 24.6 38.00 3 HH-l 10 1353 Day 13 23.4 34.96 1 HH-2 10 1252 Day 17 23.2 35.58 10 HH-3 10 use Day 21 23.3 35.97 2 HH-4 10 1033 Day 26 22.2 36.31 12 HH-5 10 0910 Day 31 22.3 36.49 13 Hll-6 10 0642 Dawn 36 22.5 36.88 7 HH-7 10 0349 Night 113 24.6 37.70 8 JJ-1 9 1518 Day 15 23.9 37.15 4 JJ-2 9 1619 Day 17 23.9 37.32 3 JJ-3 9 1713 Day 19 23.9 37.33 12 JJ-4 9 1930 Dusk 19 23.9 37.20 6 JJ-5 9 2134 Night 36 23.2 36.96 7 JJ-6 10 0020 Night 183 25.4 37.25 6 KK-1 9 1050 Day 16 23.9 37.25 5 KK-2 9 0942 Day 17 23.8 37.15 6 KK-3 9 0810 Day 20 23.9 36.88 8 KK-4 9 0643 Daun 26 22.4 39,40 2 KK-S 9 0414 Night 40 23.7 37.70 5 lCK-6 9 0122 Night 102 25.3 37.70 6 LL-I e 1516 Day 12 24.2 37.50 6 LL-2 8 1610 Day 14 25.2 37.40 13 LL-3 8 1705 Day 21 24.5 37.00 5 LL-4 8 1822 Day 42 24.4 38.00 10 LL-5 8 2040 Dusk 42 25.8 36.90 19 MM-1 8 0657 Dawn 12 22.4 37.00 6 MM-2 8 0746 Day 14 21.6 37.00 3 MM-3 8 0842 Day 22 23.1 37.00 6 MM-4 8 0227 Night 155 25.6 37.20 6 NN-1 1903 Dusk 12 25.4 37.30 3 NN-2 1757 Day 55 25.2 37.50 12 NN-3 1650 Day 175 25.7 37.00 21 NN-4 1550 Day 305 25.4 37.10 22 PP-1 0858 Day 64 25.0 36.80 9 PP-2 1105 Day 227 25.3 37.60 10 PP-3 1305 Day 338 26.1 37.40 - CrulBe D-67-6 Tow Date Start Light Uater Surface Surface Number of Station 1967 Time Condition Depth Temp Sal Categories D M (EDSI) (M) (»C) C/oo) Caught AA-l 1 8 1154 Day 13 25.5 34.90 1 AA-2 1 8 1243 Day 16 25.7 35.32 - AA-3 1 8 1340 Day 21 25.8 34.84 - AA-4 1 8 0627 Dawn 27 26.6 34.95 3 AA-5 1 8 0501 Dawn 32 26.8 34.93 4 AA-6 1 8 0O57 Night 41 25.5 35.07 3 AA-7 31 2308 Night 158 28.5 35.76 11 BB-1 31 0703 Dawn 13 27.0 34.24 1 BB-2 31 0617 Dawn 14 25.6 34.92 BB-3 31 1112 Day 19 25.7 34.55 1 BB-4 31 1234 Day 27 25.7 33.84 6 BB-5 31 1454 Day 31 27.5 35.14 10 BB-6 31 1642 Day 159 28.0 35.51 13 CC-l 31 0130 Night 12 25.6 35.03 1 CC-2 31 0217 Night 15 24.5 35.07 - CC-3 31 0305 Night 17 24.7 34.85 3 CC-4 30 2006 Dusk 19 25.2 34.60 2 CC-5 30 1840 Day 25 25.1 34.64 3 CC-6 30 1655 Day 32 27.5 35.84 12 CC-7 30 1516 Day 124 28.7 36.10 3 DD-1 30 0253 Night 11 24.8 35.06 3 DD-2 30 0346 Night 15 23.2 35.32 3 DD-3 30 0439 Night 15 24.4 34.72 4 DD-4 30 0600 Dawn 27 27.1 33.94 2 DD-5 30 0933 Day 33 27.1 34.66 . DD-6 30 1145 Day 75 27.9 35.97 10 EE-1 29 1350 Day 14 28.2 32.96 - EE-2 29 1451 Day 15 26.7 34.60 . EE-3 29 1542 Day 18 26.8 34.55 - EE-4 28 1442 Day 26 27.5 34.22 3 EE-5 28 1317 Day 37 27.7 34.48 6 EE-6 2B 1128 Day 105 27.2 35.05 2 FF-1 27 2054 Dusk 12 28.1 31.91 1 FF-2 27 2212 Night 15 27.9 34,46 7 FF-3 28 0200 Night 21 27.2 34.50 1 FF-4 28 0336 Night 31 27.2 35.19 5 FF-5 28 0526 Dawn 40 27.7 35.43 6 FF-6 28 0722 Dawn ill 26.8 35.46 10 GG-1 27 1311 Day 13 27.3 34.03 - GC-2 27 1208 Day 14 26.2 34.88 - GG-3 27 1114 Day 17 25.5 34.70 - GG-4 27 0814 Day 25 26.8 34.99 2 GG-5 27 0620 Dawn 30 26.8 35.39 4 GG.6 27 0431 Night 38 26.4 35.49 15 GG-7 27 0231 Night 146 27.2 35.52 13 HH-l 26 1053 Day 12 25.1 33.54 HH-2 26 0958 Day 15 25.8 34.50 HH-3 26 0907 Day 18 25.8 35.07 HH-4 26 1526 Day 25 26.5 34.02 - HH-5 26 1655 Day 31 26.5 34.84 3 HH-6 26 2103 Dusk 36 27.1 35.82 1 HH-7 26 2318 Night 126 27.3 35.63 8 JJ-1 26 0333 Night 17 22.3 34.94 2 JJ-2 26 0423 Night 18 24.2 36.00 2 JJ-3 26 0513 Dawn 21 25.5 35.06 2 JJ-4 25 2139 Night 25 25.6 35.36 5 JJ-5 25 1952 Dusk 36 25.6 35.30 13 JJ-6 26 1713 Day 189 28.5 35.00 10 KK-l 22 1514 Day 17 26.6 34.30 - KIC-2 22 1637 Day 19 27.0 34.43 - KK-3 22 1749 Day 21 26.4 33.69 - iac-4 22 1917 Dusk 24 27.2 35.41 3 KK-5 22 2045 Dusk 36 27.7 35.53 14 KK-6 22 2309 Night 105 28.2 35.68 19 LL-1 23 1545 Day 12 27.3 33.52 - LL-2 23 1018 Day 13 26.2 34.70 1 LL-3 23 0910 Day 23 25.5 34.61 5 LL-4 23 0700 Dawn 45 26.5 35.53 11 LL-5 23 0539 Dawn 170 26.6 35.53 21 MM-1 23 2233 Night 12 25.5 35.40 6 HM-2 23 2146 Night 13 26.9 35.13 14 MM-3 23 2022 Dusk 23 28.2 35.65 11 ltl-4 24 0455 Night 162 29.1 36.12 7 NN-1 24 1027 Day 13 28.2 34.77 a NN.2 24 1123 Day 39 27.8 35.33 17 NN-3 24 1238 Day 92 29.4 35.44 IS NN-4 24 1411 Day 300 29.3 34.54 6 PP-1 24 2204 Night 70 28.5 35.32 7 PP-2 24 2308 Night 243 29.4 35.76 4 PP-3 25 0443 Night 346 29.2 35.50 9 38 Cruise D-67-ia Crutae 0-66-1 Tow Too station Date 1967 D M Start Time (EDST) Light Condition Water Depth (M) Surface Temp CO Surface Sal (°/oo> Number of Categories Caught Station Date 1967 D M Start Time (EDST) Light Condition Water Depth (M) Surface Temp (OC) Surface Sal (°/oo) Number of Categoriei Caught AA-1 19 10 1045 Day 11 21.3 33.89 AA-1 27 0434 Night 11 7.8 34.13 2 AA-2 19 10 1212 Day 17 21.7 35.82 2 AA-2 27 0540 Night 17 11.3 35.98 7 AA-3 19 10 1314 Day 21 22.2 34.50 1 AA-3 27 0650 Dawn 20 12.8 36.02 4 AA-i. 19 10 1439 Day 27 22.9 35.00 4 AA-4 27 0817 Dawn 27 13.5 36.12 9 AA-5 19 10 1613 Day 32 24.2 35.23 6 AA-5 27 0948 Day 31 17.9 36.65 8 AA-6 19 10 1848 Dusk 38 24.5 35.53 5 AA-6 27 1320 Day 39 19.9 36.96 AA-7 19 10 2136 Night 167 26.2 35.35 6 AA-7 27 1527 Day 151 22.8 36.75 15 BB-1 20 K) 1158 Day 13 20.8 34.29 3 BB-1 28 0858 Dawn 13 8.0 30.99 5 BB-2 20 10 1101 Day 12 20.8 34.68 1 BB-2 28 0806 Dawn 13 a.o 33.85 5 BB-3 20 10 09 38 Day 18 20.9 34.94 BB-3 28 0640 Dawn 19 11.0 36.21 5 BB-4 20 10 0806 Dawn 27 23.1 35.35 2 BB-4 28 0320 Night 27 15.5 36.41 5 BB-5 20 10 0638 Dawn 30 24.1 35.91 1 BB-5 28 0138 Night 29 18. 1 36.38 4 BB-6 20 10 0313 Night 175 24.9 35.63 BB-6 27 2313 Night 149 23.0 36.45 . CC-1 20 10 1541 Day 10 20.9 34.52 1 CC-1 28 1647 Day 10 9.4 31.35 3 CC-2 20 10 1639 Day 13 21.2 34.74 2 CC-2 28 1559 Day 14 9.1 34.51 3 CC-3 20 10 1744 Dusk 16 21.7 35.28 1 CC-3 28 1505 Day 17 9.9 35.77 5 CC-4 20 10 1910 Dusk 20 21.9 35.92 2 CC-4 28 2017 Night 20 14.3 36.59 4 CC-5 20 10 2038 Night 25 22.5 35.41 5 CC-5 28 2254 Night 24 16.7 36.52 2 CC-6 20 10 2257 Night 31 23.3 35.96 5 CC-6 29 0035 Night 32 16.1 36.37 3 CC-7 21 10 0104 Night 134 24.6 35.88 6 CC-7 29 0432 Night HI 23.0 36.40 DD-1 21 10 1355 Day 9 20.9 34.17 1 DD-1 29 1715 Dusk U 7.4 16.68 5 DD-2 21 10 1253 Day 13 21.2 34.30 3 DD-2 29 1624 Day 13 8.2 28.35 5 DD-3 21 10 1152 Day 16 21.7 34.88 2 DD-3 29 1533 Day 15 11.6 33.15 4 DD-4 21 10 1023 Day 27 23.5 35.23 7 DD.4 29 1320 Day 28 16.8 36.31 2 DD-5 21 10 0856 Day 33 24.3 36.28 8 DD-5 29 1144 Day 33 20.1 36.00 8 DD-6 21 10 0544 Night 164 24.6 35.58 8 DD-6 29 0800 Dawn 142 22.8 36.13 18 EE-1 21 10 1900 Dusk 11 20.8 30.80 1 EE-1 30 0102 Night 11 8.4 29.37 5 EE-2 21 10 2008 Night 15 21.6 34.11 5 EE-2 29 2359 Night 13 9.7 34.36 5 EE-3 21 10 2108 Night 17 21.9 34.35 2 EE-3 29 2302 Night 16 15.2 36.06 4 EE-4 21 10 2337 Night 25 23.1 35.75 EE-4 30 0455 Night 24 17.9 36.41 8 EE-5 22 10 0101 Night 37 24.6 35.56 3 EE.5 30 0625 Night 37 21.8 36.21 7 EE.6 22 10 0340 Night 108 26.0 35.30 9 EE-6 30 10O5 Day 100 23.0 36.35 5 FF-l 22 10 1953 Night 12 21.4 33.10 1 FF-l 31 0210 Night 13 10.4 33.89 2 FF-2 22 10 1834 Dusk 15 22.2 34.37 1 FF.2 30 2303 Night 17 11.6 35.17 3 FF-3 22 10 1659 Day 19 22.1 34.57 1 FF-3 30 2139 Night 20 15.6 36.28 3 rF-4 22 10 1530 Day 30 24.0 35.24 3 FF-4 30 2016 Night 32 17.9 36.00 3 FF-5 22 10 1156 Day 42 24.5 35.18 14 FF-5 30 1754 Dusk 41 19.9 35.91 13 FF-6 22 10 0915 Day 103 26.3 35.11 9 FF-6 30 1422 Day 141 21.5 35.57 4 GC-1 23 10 0150 Night U 21.7 32.78 , GC-1 0918 Day 11 10.5 31.05 3 GC-2 23 10 0250 Night 15 22.1 33.62 . GG-2 0831 Dawn 12 10.7 33.66 6 CC-3 23 10 0442 Night 17 22.4 34.45 2 GG-3 0743 Dawn 16 11.1 34.42 4 GC-4 23 10 0615 Dawn 23 22.9 34.77 5 CC-4 1329 Day 25 14.6 36.24 3 CC-5 23 10 0821 Dawn 30 24.1 35.28 8 CG-5 1510 Day 30 18.5 36.18 7 CC-6 23 10 1115 Day 38 25.4 35.13 4 CG-6 1849 Dusk 38 20.6 36.01 7 GC-7 23 10 1433 Day 132 26.0 35.02 4 GG-7 2102 Night 134 23.0 36.00 4 HH-l 24 10 0630 Dawn 12 22.1 30.25 HH-l 1158 Day 14 12.1 32.66 4 HH-2 24 10 0528 Night 14 22.6 33.93 2 HH-2 1052 Day 17 12.4 34.35 2 HH-3 24 10 0428 Night 18 22.2 34.57 4 HH-3 1000 Day 20 12.8 34.59 4 HH-<. 24 10 0301 Night 26 23.6 35.38 5 HH-4 0853 Dawn 26 15.2 35.90 7 HH-5 24 10 0133 Night 32 24.1 35.34 HH-5 0541 Night 32 19.2 36.18 9 m-6 23 10 22 34 Night 38 25.3 35.25 20 HH-6 0357 Night 36 20.0 36.29 1 RH-7 23 10 2002 Night 178 25.7 35.21 15 HH-7 0220 Night 100 22.1 36.10 - JJ-1 24 10 1117 Day 15 22.7 33.00 2 JJ-1 1840 Dusk 15 14.1 33.92 _ JJ-2 24 10 1215 Day 19 23.2 34.07 6 JJ-2 1932 Dusk 19 13.4 34.40 2 JJ-3 24 10 1329 Day 22 23.3 34.40 4 JJ-3 2024 Night 20 14.6 35.27 4 JJ-4 24 10 1500 Day 24 24.0 35.22 5 JJ-4 0107 Night 24 18.5 37.14 8 JJ-5 24 10 1700 Day 37 24.7 35.19 5 JJ-5 0324 Night 34 20.4 36.22 10 JJ-6 24 10 1921 Dusk 202 26.8 35.16 8 JJ-6 0512 Night 157 23.1 35.95 5 n-i 25 10 0926 Day 17 23.4 33.30 6 KK-l 1324 Day 18 14.4 33.67 . iac-2 25 10 0808 Dawn 16 23.6 34.03 4 iac-2 1414 Day 19 14.6 34.07 - a- 3 25 10 0707 Dawn 19 23.5 34.16 6 KK-3 1503 Day 20 14.8 34.49 1 o;-4 25 10 0543 Night 24 23.9 34.40 3 KK.4 1620 Day 26 19.8 35.74 4 ltK-5 25 10 0313 Night 38 25.9 35.31 18 KK-5 1831 Dusk 37 21.2 36.10 11 iac-6 25 10 0136 Night 97 26.0 35.02 12 KK-6 1957 Dusk 110 23.2 35.96 3 LL-l 25 10 2157 Night 12 24.7 34.70 6 LL-l 2 0715 Dawn 14 15.7 34.57 4 LL-2 25 10 2103 Night 137 25.1 34.76 4 LL.2 2 0624 Night 15 15.8 34.26 5 LL-3 25 10 1940 Dusk 20 25.5 35.11 16 LL-3 2 0531 Night 21 15.8 34.23 8 LL-4 25 10 1754 Dusk 47 26.9 35.x 11 LL-4 2 0353 Night 45 21.7 35.86 1 LL-5 25 10 1545 Day 169 27.6 35.19 10 LL-5 2 0239 Night 154 22.4 36.05 10 MM-1 26 10 0212 Night 12 24.4 34.17 7 MM-1 2 1547 Day 13 17.9 35.22 3 KM- 2 26 10 0307 Night 15 24.9 34.49 11 MM-2 2 1453 Day 16 18.5 35.47 1 MH-3 26 10 0407 Night 23 25.8 35.12 9 MM-3 2 1352 Day 26 20.0 35.99 9 MM- 4 26 10 0541 Night 149 27.2 35.29 8 MM-4 2 2014 Night 136 23.4 36.04 12 NN-1 26 10 1041 Day U 24.6 32.69 6 NN-1 2 0420 Night 14 22.7 36.14 6 Nll-2 26 10 1141 Day 46 25.5 33.51 13 NN-2 2 0251 Night 60 23.2 36.22 6 UN- 3 26 10 1340 Day 151 27.0 35.09 14 Nll-3 2 0147 Night 153 24.4 35.88 3 NN-4 26 10 1615 Day 308 27.5 35.10 3 NN-4 2 0030 Night 316 24.4 36.11 5 PP-1 26 10 2345 Night 80 26.9 34.04 20 PP-1 2 1130 Day 77 23.4 36.47 7 PP-2 26 10 2143 Night 247 27.5 35.08 3 PP-2 2 0816 Dawn 219 24.2 35.75 20 PP-3 26 10 1953 Night 348 27.5 35.07 16 PP-3 4 2 0929 Day 334 24.7 36.03 12 39 ft U, S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE- 1975-698- 196/25 REGION 10 648. Weight loss of pond-raised channel catfish ilctalurus punctatusi during holding in processinK planr vats. By Donald C. Greenland and Robert L. Gill. December 1971. iii + 7 pp.. 3 flies.. 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, I'.S. Government PrintinK Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 649. Distribution of forage of skipjack tuna {FMthynnus pelamis) in the eastern tropical Pacific. By Maurice Blackburn and Michael Laurs. January 1972, iii + 16 pp.. 7 figs., 3 tables. F'or sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 650. Effects of some antioxidants and EDTA on the development of rancidity in Spanish mackerel (Scorn beromorus macutatus) during frozen storage. By Robert N. Farragut. February 1972. iv + 12 pp.. 6 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 651. The effect of premortem stress, holding temperatures, and freezing on the biochemisln.' and quality of skipjack tuna. By Ladell Crawford. April 1972, iii + 23 pp.. 3 figs.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 653, The use of electricity in conjunction with a 12.5-meter (Headrope) Gulf-of-Mexico shrimp trawl in Lake Michigan, By James E, Ellis, March 1972. iv + 10 pp,. 11 figs,. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. '20402. 6')4. An electric detector system for recovering internally tagged menhaden, genus Breioortta. By R. O. Parker. Jr, Februar.' 1972. in + 7 pp., 3 figs,. 1 appendix table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. LI,S, Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 655, Immobilization of fingerling salmon and trout by decompression. By Doyle F. Sutherland, March 1972. iii + 7 pp., 3 figs.. 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documenu, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 662 Seasonal distribution of tunas and billfiBhes in the Atlantic. By John P Wise and Charles W Davis. January 1973. iv -f 24 pp.. 13 figs.. 4 tables For sale by the Superinten- dent of Dwuments. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. 20402. 663. Fish larvae collected from the northeaatern Pacific Ocean and Puget Sound during April and May 1967 By Kenneth D Waldron. December 1972, iii + 16 pp.. 2 figs.. 1 table. 4 appendix tables. For sale by the Superintendent of DocumenU, U.S. Government Print- ing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402, 664. Tagging and tag-recovery experiments with Atlantic menhaden. Brevoortia tyran- nujs. By Richard L, Kroger and Robert L. Dryfoos. December 1972. iv -^ 11 pp., 4 figs., 12 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documenta, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 665. Larval fish survey of Humbolt Bay, California. By Maxwell B. Eldridge and Charles F. Bryan, December 1972. iii + 8 pp.. 8 figs.. 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 666. Distribution and relative abundance of fishes in Newport River. North Carolina. By William R, Turner and George N, Johnson. September 1973. iv -f 23 pp.. 1 fig.. 13 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC 20402 667. An analysis of the commercial lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery along the coast of Maine. August 1966 through December 1970. By James C. Thomas. June 1973, v -♦■ 57 pp.. 18 figs.. 11 tables, For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government FVinting Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 668. An annotated bibliography of the cunner. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum). By Fredric M, Serchuk and David W. Frame. May 1973. ii + 43 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402, 656. The calico scaWop, Argopecten gibbus. By Donald M. Allen and T.J. Costello, May 1972. iii + 19 pp,. 9 figs.. 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 669 Subpoint prediction for direct readout meteorological satellites. By L. E. Eber. August 1973. iii + 7 pp.. 2 figs.. 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 657. Making fish protein concentrates by enzymatic hydrolysis. A status report on research and some processes and products studied by NMFS. By Malcolm B. Hale, November 1972. v + 32 pp.. 15 figs.. 17 tables, 1 appendix table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402, 658. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. By Jay C. Quasi and Elizabeth L, Hall. July 1972. iv + 47 pp. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 670, Unharvested fishes in the U.S. commercial fishery of western Lake Erie in 1969. By Harry D Van Meter, July 1973. iii -f 11 pp,. 6 figs.. 6 tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 671. Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America. 1946-71. By Andrew Bakun, June 1973. iv -I- 103 pp.. 6 figs.. 3 tables, 45 appendix figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402, 659. The Southeast Fisheries Center bionumeric code. Part I: Fishes. By Harvey H, Bullis. Jr.. Richard B. Roe. and Judith C. Gatlin. July 1972, xl + 95 pp., 2 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 672. Seasonal occurrence of young Gulf menhaden and other fishes in a northwestern Florida estuarv-. By Mariin E. tagatz and E. Peter H. Wilkins. August 1973. iii + 14 pp.. 1 fig,. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Of- fice. Washington. DC 20402, 660. A freshwater fish electro- motivator (FFEM)-its characteristics and operation. By James E. Ellis and Charies C. Hoopes. November 1972. iii + U pp., 9 figs. 661. A review of the literature on the development of skipjack tuna fisheries in the cen- tral and western Pacific Ocean. By Frank J, Hester and Tamio Otsu. January 1973. iii + 13 pp.. 1 fig. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Of- fice. Washington. DC. 20402. 673. Abundance and distribution of inshore benthic fauna off southwestern Long Island. N.Y. By Frank W. Steimle. Jr. and Richard B. Stone. December 1973. iii ■*■ 50 pp.. 2 figs.. 5 appendix tables. 674. Lake Erie bottom trawl explorations. 1962-66. By Edgar W. Bowman, January 1974. iv + 21 pp., 9 figs.. 1 table. 7 appendix tables. MBL WHOI Library - Serials 5 WHSE 04494 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS STAFF ROOM 450 1107 N.E 45TH ST SEATTLE, WA 98105 FOURTH CLASS POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COM 210 OFFICIAL BUSINESS Marine Biological ^^/^^^^ ^ Library - ^^^^^^ji'S woods Hole, Ma 025^3 ^NIUVH c^6l 5AVv^ '■^^6-191^