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NOM Technical Report NMFS SSRF-692

Expendable Bathythermograph
Observations from the NMFS/MARAD
Ship of Opportunity Program
for 1972

STEVEN K. COOK

SEATTLE, WA
June 1975

noaa

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND
ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

National Marine
Fisheries Service

NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS
National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report— Fisheries Series

The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to
understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with
the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign
fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through
marketing ser\'ice and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of
the industry.

The Special Scientific Report — Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs
of NMFS. or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publica-
tion of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature.

NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for
other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from D83, Technical Information Division.
Environmental Science Information Center. NOAA, Washington, D.C. 20235. Recent SSRF's are:

619. Macrozooplankton and small nekton in the coastal waters off Vancouver Island
(Canada) and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. By Donald S. Day, January 1971. iii +
94 pp., 19 figs.. 13 Ubles.

635. A bibliography of the blackfin tuna, Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson). By Grant L.
Beardsley and David C. Simmons. August 1971, 10 pp. For sale by the Superintendent <rf
Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402.

620. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. Part IX: The sea-level wind field
and wind stress values. July 1963 to June 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970, iii + 66
pp.. 5 figs.

636. Oil pollution on Wake Island from the tanker R. C. Stoner. By Reginald M.
Gooding. May 1971. iii + 12 pp.. 8 figs.. 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of
Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402.

621. Predation by sculpins on fall chinook salmon. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fry of
hatchery origin. By Benjamin G. Patten. February 1971. iii + 14 pp.. 6 figs.. 9 tables.

622. Number and lengths, by season, of fishes caught with an otter trawl near Woods
Hole. Massachusetts. September 1961 to December 1962. By F. E. Lux and F. E. Nichy.
February 1971. iii -f 15 pp.. 3 figs.. 19 tables.

623. Apparent abundance, distribution, and migrations of albacore, Thunnus aialunga.
on the North Pacific longline grounds. By Brian J. Rothschild and Marian Y. Y. Yong.
September 1970, v -f 37 pp., 19 figs., 5 tables.

624. Influence of mechanical processing on the quality and yield of bay scallop meats. By
N. B. Webb and F. B. Thomas. April 1971. iii + 11 pp.. 9 figs.. 3 tables.

637. Occurrence of larval, juvenile, and mature crabs in the vicinity of Beaufort Inlet,
North Carolina, By Donnie L. Dudley and Mayo H. Judy. August 1971, iii + 10 pp., 1 fig.,
5 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office.
Washington, D.C. 20402.

638. Length-weight relations of haddock from commercial landings in New England,
1931-55. By Bradford E. Brown and Richard C. Hennemuth. August 1971. v-f 13 pp.. 16
figs.. 6 tables, 10 appendix A tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office.- Washington, D.C. 20402.

639. A hydrographic survey of the Galveston Bay system. Texas 1963-66. By E. J. Pullen,
W. L.Trent, and G. B. Adams. October 1971, v + 13 pp.. 15 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

625. Distribution of salmon and related oceanographic features in the North Pacific
Ocean, spring 1968. By Robert R. French, Richard G. Bakkala, Masanao Osako, and Jun
Ito. March 1971, iii + 22 pp.. 19 figs.. 3 tables.

626. Commercial fishery and biology of the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium, in the
Lower St. Paul River. Liberia, 1952-53. By George C. Miller. February 1971, iii + 13 pp.. 8
figs.. 7 tables.

627. Calico scallops of the Southeastern United States, 1959-69. By Robert Cummins, Jr.
June 1971. iii + 22 pp., 23 figs., 3 tables.

628. Fur Sea! Investigations. 1969. By NMFS, Marine Mammal Biological Laboratory.
August 1971. 82 pp., 20 figs., 44 tables, 23 appendix A tables, 10 appendix B tables.

629. Analysis of the operations of seven Hawaiian skipjack tuna fishing vessels, June-
August 1967. By Richard N. Uchida and Ray F, Sumida. March 1971, v + 25 pp.. 14 figs..
21 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of-
fice, Washington, D.C. 20402.

640. Annotated bibliography on the fishing industry and biology of the blue crab,
Catlinectes sapidus. By Marlin E. Tagatz and Ann Bowman Hall. August 1971, 94 pp. For
sale bv the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C. 20402.

641. Use of threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense. as live bait during experimental pole-
and-line fishing for skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis. in Hawaii. By Robert T. B.
Iversen. August 1971, iii ■+■ 10 pp., 3 figs,, 7 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402.

642. Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus resource and fishery — analysis of decline.
By Kenneth A. Henr\-. August 1971, v -f 32 pp., 40 figs., 5 appendix figs.. 3 tables, 2
appendix tables. For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing
Office. Washington. D.C, 20402,

643. Surface winds of the southeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. By John M. Steigner and
Merton C. Ingham. October 1971. iii -f 20 pp.. 17 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of
Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402.

630. Blue crab meat. I- Preservation by freezing. July 1971. iii + 13 pp., 5 figs., 2 tables,
n. Effect of chemical treatments on acceptability. By Jurgen H. Strasser, Jean S. Lennon,
and Frederick J. King. July 1971, iii + 12 pp., 1 fig., 9 tables.

631. Occurrence of thiaminase in some common aquatic animals of the United States
and Canada. By R. A. Greig and R. H. Gnaedinger. July 1971. iii -f 7 pp.. 2 tables.

632. An annotated bibliography of attempts to rear the larvae of marine fishes in the
laboratory. By Robert C. May. August 1971. iii + 24 pp.. 1 appendix I table, 1 appendix 11
table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington. D.C. 20402.

633. Blueing of processed crab meat. 11. Identification of some factors involved in the
blue discoloration of canned crab meat CalUnectes sapidus By Melvin E. Waters. May
1971. iii -*- 7 pp., 1 fig., 3 tables.

634. Age composition, weight, length, and sex of herring, Clupea pallasii, used for reduc-
tion in Alaska, 1929.66. By Gerald M. Reid. July 1971, iii + 25 pp., 4 figs., 18 tables.

644. Inhibition of flesh browning and skin color fading in frozen fillets of yelloweye
snapper (LuUanus vivanus). By Harold C. Thompson, Jr.. and Mary H. Thompson.
February 1972. iii + 6 pp.. 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S.
Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402.

645. Traveling screen for removal of debris from rivers. By Daniel W. Bates, Ernest W.
Murphey. and Martin G. Beam. October 1971, iii + 6 pp., 6 figs,. I table. For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C.
20402.

646. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations in the Columbia and Snake Rivers in 1970 and
their effect on chinook salmon and steeihead trout. By Wesley J. Ebel. August 1971, iii ■*■ 7
pp., 2 figs.. 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government
Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402.

647. Revised annotated list of parasites from sea mammals caught off the west coast of
North America. By L. Margoiisand M. D. Dailey. March 1972, iii + 23 pp. For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.

20402.

Continued on inside back cover.

NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-692

Expendable Bathythermograph
Observations fromtheNMFS/MARAD

Ship of Opportunity Program
for 1 972

STEVEN K. COOK

SEATTLE, WA
June 1975

UNITED STATES / NATIONAL OCEANIC AND / National Marine

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION / fisheries Service

Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary / Robert M White, Administrator / Robert W Schomng, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington. D.C, 20402

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec-
ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material
merttioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or
to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro-
motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends
or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned
herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly
the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS
publication.

COiNTENTS

Page

Introduction

Areas of study

Data acquisition and processing

Discussion l^ri"" r-t i • -i «• t- ■

Acknowledgments | . Mm. . BjChSipiil . .'■.'■•''rAlpfy.

F'igures I -LIB^^A-RV 1-- '^

Figures I

AUG 2 C

1. Sea surface temperature, 25-28 February 1972 1 3

2. Sea surface salinities, 25-28 February 1972 'i ]. . 4

3. Vertical distribution of temperature, 25-28 February 1972 5

4. Sea surface temperature. 26-28 March 1972 6

5. Sea surface salinities, 26-28 March 1972 7

6. Vertical distribution of temperature, 26-28 March 1972 8

7. Sea surface temperature, 30 April-4 May 1972 9

8. Sea surface salinities, 30 April-4 May 1972 10

9. Vertical distribution of temperature, 30 April-4 May 1972 11

10. Sea surface temperature, 6-7 June 1972 12

11. Sea surface salinities, 6-7 June 1972 13

12. Vertical distribution of temperature, 6-7 June 1972 14

13. Sea surface temperature, 21-28 August 1972 15

14. Sea surface salinities, 21-28 August 1972 16

15. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 21-28 August 1972 17

16. Sea surface temperature, 14-18 November 1972 18

17. Sea surface salinities, 14-18 November 1972 19

18. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 14-18 November 1972 20

19. Sea surface temperature, 27 January-1 February 1972 21

20. Sea surface salinities, 27 January-1 February 1972 22

21. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 27 January-1 February 1972 23

22. Sea surface temperature, 10-14 February 1972 24

23. Sea surface salinities, 10-14February 1972 25

24. Vertical distribution of temperature, 10- 14 February 1972 26

25. Sea surface temperature, 19-23 February 1972 27

26. Sea surface salinities, 19-23 February 1972 28

27. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 19-23 February 1972 29

28. Sea surface temperature, 13-25March 1972 30

29. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 13-25 March 1972 31

30. Sea surface temperature, 26-29 March 1972 32

31. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 26-29 March 1972 33

32. Sea surface temperature, 1-3 April 1972 34

33. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 1-3 April 1972 35

34. Sea surface temperature, 9-17 April 1972 36

35. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 9-17 April 1972 37

36. Sea surface temperature, 4-8 April 1972 38

37. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 4-8 April 1972 39

38. Sea surface temperature, 1-5 May 1972 40

39. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 1-5 May 1972 41

40. Sea surface temperature, 20-25 May 1972 42

41. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 20-25 May 1972 43

42. Sea surface temperature, 29 May-8 June 1972 44

43. Sea surface salinities, 29 May-8 June 1972 45

44. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 29 May-8 June 1972 46

45. Sea surface temperature, 8-18 June 1972 47

46. Sea surface salinities, 8-18 June 1972 48

47. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 8-18 June 1972 49

48. Seasurfacetemperature,28June-14 July 1972 50

49. Sea surface salinities, 28 June-14 July 1972 51

50. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 28 June-14 July 1972 52

51. Sea surface temperature, 15-18 July 1972 53

52. Vertical distribution oftemperature, 15-18 July 1972 54

53. Sea surface temperature, 25-31 July 1972 55

54. Sea surface salinities, 25-31 July 1972 56

55. Vertical distribution of temperature, 25-31 July 1972 57

56. Sea surface temperature, 11-14 August 1972 58

57. Sea surface salinities, 11-14 August 1972 59

58. Vertical distribution of temperature, 11-14 August 1972 60

59. Sea surface temperature, 21 August-1 September 1972 61

60. Sea surface salinities, 21 August-1 September 1972 62

61. Vertical distribution of temperature, 21 August-1 September 1972 63

62. Sea surface temperature, 2-13 September 1972 64

63. Sea surface salinities, 2-13 September 1972 65

64. Vertical distribution of temperature, 2-13 September 1972 66

65. Sea surface temperature, 17-30 September 1972 67

66. Sea surface salinities, 17-30 September 1972 67

67. Vertical distribution of temperature, 17-30 September 1972 68

68. Sea surface temperature, 30 September-9 October 1972 69

69. Sea surface salinities, 30 September-9 October 1972 70

70. Vertical distribution of temperature, 30 September-9 October 1972 71

71. Sea surface temperature, 4-13 October 1972 72

72. Sea surface salinities, 4-13 October 1972 73

73. Vertical distribution of temperature, 4-13 October 1972 74

74. Sea surface temperature, 15-18 October 1972 75

75. Seasurface salinities, 15-18 October 1972 76

76. Sea surface temperature, 15-18 October 1972 77

77. Sea surface salinities, 15-18 October 1972 77

78. Vertical distribution of temperature, 15-18 October 1972 78

79. Sea surface temperature, 3-5 November 1972 79

80. Sea surface salinities, 3-5 November 1972 80

81. Vertical distribution of temperature, 3-5 November 1972 81

Expendable Bathythermograph Observations from
the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program

for 1972

STEVEN K. COOK 1

ABSTRACT

Results of the second year oi operation of the NMFS/MARAD Sliip of Opportunity Program are presented
in the form of vertical distributions of temperature and horizontal distributions of sea surface salinity and
temperature. Operational and data management procedures also are discussed.

INTRODUCTION

In midyear of 1970 a cooperative expendable bathythermo-
graph (XBT) program was initiated betveen the National
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the Maritime Admini-
stration (MARAD) of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
The program, conducted in support of the Marine Resources
Monitoring Assessment and Prediction Program of NMFS,
involved the use of Maritime Cadets from the Kings Point
Maritime Academy to gather XBT data on board various
merchant ships along the east and Gulf coasts of the United
States. The objective of this cooperative program was to
identify and describe seasonal and year-to-year variations of
temperature and circulation in major currents of the tropical
Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and western North
Atlantic, utilizing merchant ships as relatively inexpensive
platforms for the collection of data.

The processed data were used to construct vertical
sections of temperature and horizontal plots of sea surface
temperature and salinity. The final form of the vertical and
horizontal sections (Figs. 1-81) are printed in this report.

Approximately 75 more XBT drops and associated surface
data were collected but are not represented in this report
because the observations were much too scattered in time
and space to be formed into transects. All data collected,
whether represented in this report or not, were archived by
the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and are
available to interested persons through the NODC, Washing-
ton, D.C. 20235.

Further details concerning the acquisition or processing of
data from the cruises considered here can be obtained from
the author.

AREAS OF STUDY

Ship routes were selected to obtain regular sampling in
the most dynamic areas of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
Sea, and western tropical Atlantic Ocean; namely, the
Yucatan Channel, Straits of Florida, and the Antilles,
Equatorial, and Guiana currents. Repeated coverage is
important for comparative analysis, so ships with the most
regular schedules were chosen.

' Atlantic Environmental Group. National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA, R.R. 7A, Box 522-A, Narragansett, RI 02882.

DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING

Subsurface temperature data were obtained by use of
Sippican XBT systems. At the same time surface water
samples were collected with bucket thermometer units for
later anaiy.sis to determine salinity. This procedure also
provided a surface reference temperature necessary for the
calculation of surface density or sigma-f. The surface water
samples were analyzed on shore using a Beckman inductive
saHnometer calibrated with standard (Copenhagen) water at
least once per 30 samples.

The XBT traces from approximately the first half of the
year were digitized, key punched, and quality controlled by
NMFS personnel. Those from the balance of the year were
digitized and key punched by NODC personnel. The data
from both halves of the year were then submitted to NODC
for further processing and listing.

DISCUSSION

This second year of operation of the NMFS/MARAD Ship
of Opportunity Program was highlighted by two events. The
first was the commencement of involvement of NODC in the
processing of the Ship of Opportunity data. Programs are
being developed at NODC to process these data from the
analog traces to computer plots within a 10- to 14-day
turnaround time. While this program is not completely
operational at this writing, it is expected to be in time for the
1973 report.

The second event was the increase in data collected by the
MARAD cadets. The utilization of two more ships, one out of
New York and one out of New Orleans, allowed for a 25%
increase in data collected over 1971 . The addition of two ships
yielded a total of six (three out of New York and three out of
New Orleans) involved with the program.

Future program improvements should take the form of
more intense coverage over a smaller geographical area.
Discussions held in late 1972 led to a decision to reduce the
area to be covered and increase the density of XBT drops in
1973. This should yield data more useful for fisheries
research.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Appreciation is extended to the Maritime Academy Train-
ing Representatives in New York and New Orleans, M.

Chicurel and D. Thompson, for their diligent efforts to place
cadets on board ships that were scheduled to traverse pre-
selected oceanic areas. In addition, thanks are extended to
the Moore McCormack Lines and Grace Prudential Lines of
New York and the Delta Steamship Company and Lykes
Brothers Lines of New Orleans whose full and courteous
cooperation was essential for the success of this program.

FIGURES

The figures are grouped by geographical location and
time. They consist of two horizontal maps and one vertical
section for each transect of each ship. The two horizontal
maps include station location with sea surface temperature
in °C, and station location with sea surface sahnity in %o.
The vertical cross section consists of temperature at whole
degree isotherms in °C and depth in meters.

GULF OF MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN TRANSECTS

WESTERN ATLANTIC AND EASTERN
CARIBBEAN TRANSECTS

Figures

1-3

4-6

7-9

10-12

13-15

16-18

Vessels

Gulf Shipper
Gulf Shipper
Gulf Shipper
Gulf Shipper
Gulf Shipper
Delta Argentina

Date (1972 1

25-28 Feb.
26-28 Mar.
30 Apr. -4 May

6- 7 June
21-28 Aug.
14-18 Nov.

19-21 Mormac Trade

22-24 Bay State

25-27 Bay State

28-29 Santa Cruz

30-31 Santa Cruz

32-33 Delta Brazil

34-35 Mormac Cape

36-37 Santa Cruz

38-39 Santa Cruz

40-41 Mormac Cape

42-44 Santa Cruz

45-47 Santa Cruz

48-50 Santa Cruz

51-52 Santa Cruz

53-55 Santa Cruz

56-58 Santa Cruz

59-61 Santa Cruz

62-64 Santa Cruz

65-67 Santa Cruz

68-70 Santa Cruz

71-73 Mormac Pride

74-78 Santa Cruz

79-81 Santa Cruz

27 Jan.-l Feb.
10-14 Feb.
19-23 Feb.
13-25 Mar.
26-29 Mar.

1- 3 Apr.
9-17 Apr.
4- 8 Apr.
1- 5 May
20-25 May

29 May-8 June
8-18 June

28 June-14 July
15-18 July
25-31 July
11-14 Aug.

21 Aug.-l Sept.
2-13 Sept.
17-30 Sept.

30 Sept. -9 Oct.
4-13 Oct.

15-18 Oct.
3- 5 Nov.

GULF OF MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN TRANSECTS

o

1^

U1

o

o

£71

o

in

o

o

1/1

o

CM

o
l/J

in

1/7

o

U3

l/J

U3

o

o
oo

1/1
oo

o

01

o

CO

in

o

IM

100-

_100

200

-300

o Figure 3.— Vertical distribution of

^ temperature (°C) in the upper 750

_400 ^ m. Contour interval 1°C. Gulf

■-; Shipper, 25-28 February 1972.

_500

-600

_700

800

I i__i , I 1 I I I

100 200 300 1100

NRUIICAL HILES

o

\n

o

o

I/)
to

1/1

o
oo

in
oo

o

o

in

o

CM

O

1/1
in

o

CD

U3

o

o
oo

in

CO

o

(71

22
25 2423 21

19
20.18 17

100

200

300_

Figure 6.— Vertical distribution of tempera-
ture CO in the upper 750 m. Contour interval
1°C. Gulf Shipper, 26-28 March 1972.

1400

500_

600_

100

200

_300

_400

_500

_600

700

800

200 300 HOO

NRUTICflL HILCS

90

85

80

75

30

25

20

15

10

30

25

=^ 20

15

10

90

85

80

75

Figure 7. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Gulf

Shipper, 30 April-4 May 1972.

90

85

80

75

30

25

20

IS

10

30

25

20

15

10

90

85

80

75

Figure 8. — Sea surface salinities I /oo) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Gulf Shipper,

30 Apra-4 May 1972.

10

100_

200

300

400_

500

600

700_

12 4 5

800_L

100

_200

300

400 _

500

_600

700

800

100 aoo 300 xoo

NBUTICfll- MILES

Figure 9. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Gulf Shipper, 30 April-4 May 1972.

11

90

85

80

30

25

20

15

30

25

20

IS

90

85

80

Figure 10. — Sea suriace temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and Ust stations numbered. Gvlf Shipper,

6-7 June 1972.

12

90

8S

80

30

25

20

15

30

25

20

15

90

85

80

Figure 11.— Sea surface salinities (°/oo) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Gulf Skipper,

6-7 June 1972.

13

43 4241 40

100_

200

300_

400

500

600

700

800

_100

-200

-300

400 ^

-500

_600

_700

800

too 200 300 400

NflUTICOL nlLtS

Fij^ure 12.— Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper
750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Gulf Shipper, 6-7 June 1972.

14

90

85

80

75

26

)<3 - g

21

16

11

26

21

16

11

90

85

80

75

Figure 13. -Sea surface temperature CC) along the cruise track with the first and last sUtions numbered. Gulf Skipper,

21-28 August 1972.

15

90

85

80

75

26

21

16

11

26

21

16

11

90

85

80

75

Figure 14. — Sea surface salinities (°/oc) along the cruise tracli with the first and last stations numbered. Gulf Shipper, 21-28

August 1972.

16

5 7 9 1113
12 3 4 6 8101214 15 161718

100.

200_

300_

400.

500_

600_

700.

19

800

-100

_200

.300

_400

-500

_600

_700

800

I 1 I I 1 I I 1 I

100 200 ]00 1)00

NRUTICIIL HILCS

Figure 15. -Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Gulf Shipper, 21-28 August 1972.

17

S;

I

z

■«
e

•s

a
m
B
e

a

s

•a

s

•5

■s

Ml

a

I/}
I

18

e
Z

S

i

.S

■3

3

I

19

700.

800

_100

200

_300

_1400 3

.500

_600

_700

800

I 1 1 1 I L L L I

100 200 300 UOO

Nouiicm. niLCS

Figure 18. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Delta Argentina, 14-18 November 1972.

20

65

30

2S

20

15

10

WESTERN ATLANTIC AND EASTERN CARIBBEAN TRANSECTS

60 55 50 4? 10

35

1 x'9-<

X2«

X

.8

21.6

^22.5

X

'.9

[2U.S

1

•

*

»

x2'

X

.7
!U.6

1

X2U.7
X 2S.>t

x?s

X?

;.3

^ <c^

^

x_

x26.1

xee.s

^

1

•>

30

25

20

15

10

29
6S 60 SS 50 US 110 35

Figure 19. — Sea suriace temperature (°C) along the cruise tracli with the first and last stations numbered. Marmac Trade, 27 January-1 February 1972 .

21

65

60

55

SO

45

40

35

30

-3BT!
X

a

.OM
36.92
< 36.07

30

25

20

15

10

-I'M

I|Q

11
37.10

3c37.es

'<x'^^.l

1
.36

16.09

25

20

15

X 36.56

10

Figure 20. -Sea surisce salinities (%ol along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Mormac Trade, 27 January - 1 February

1972.

22

3 7

12 5 6 8 9

1113
1012

100

200

300

UOO.

500

600

700

800

_] . I , I , I

Figure 21. -Vertical distribution ol temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Mormac Trade, 27 January-l February 1972.

23

lO

ro

,

b

o

CO

o

n

^

>§

I

fa

■a

■S

.a

M

a
p
«

I

24

5

■8

fa

a
Si

I

I

9

M)

a
o

•a

I

25

100_

200_

300_

1400_

500_

600

700_

3 5 7
24 6 8

135 17
10 lifl6 18

20 22 30

19 21 2324 26 29 31

33

800

_100

_200

-300

.400

-500

_600

_700

800

I 1 I I I I I 1 I

100 200 300 «00

NfluTicm. niLCS

Figure 24.— Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Bay State,

10-14 February 1972.

26

70

65

60

20

15

52 x^s.o

51 y 2S.0
50 x2S.o ^g ^270

41 X

27. C

47

X28.0

xee.s

X26.6

xes.s

D

10

V ^

■^

36x26-0

70 65 60

Figure 25. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Bay State, 19-23 February 1972.

27

70

65

60

20

15

52 X

51 x'6.0B

50 X'6-OS 49 ^36.0*

41 X '6
47

:«(

96.20

X 36.36

X 36.02
X3S.9S

V >^

10

C^2

36 x'S.os
1}

^

70 65 60

Figure 26. -Sea surface saUnities (%o) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Bay State. 19-23 February 1972.

28

100_

200_

300_

400

500

600_

700_

51
52 50 49

800

_100

_200

-300

_400 ^

_500

_600

_700

800

100 200 300 1400

NAUTICAL HILCS

Figure 27.— Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour
interval 1°C. Bay State, 19-23 February 1972.

29

75

35°

70°

30'

25=

20°

2 X

22.9

23.7

> -

iSS.

^

15°

10'

25.4

23.1

25.0

X25.9

X 26.4 \

75°

70°

65°
— 135°

r~>

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

65°

Figure 28. — Sea suriace temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the
first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz. 13-25 March 1972.

30

100_

200

300

400

500_

600

700_

800

-100

_200

300

_L|00

_500

_600

_700

800

100 200 300 >400

NRUTICflU M1LE5

Figure 29. - Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santo Cruz, 13-25 March 1972.

31

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

f

X 19-3

J X

23.6
7\ n

^;

<23.4
X24.0

•

> -

II

^ys

^ ^

•

<

^

\ ** *

y1

"x

x_

/

1

80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30

Figure 30. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 26-29 March 1972.

32

20 18 17 16

15 m 13

12 11

100_

200

300_

400

500_

600

700

800

100 200 300 400
NRUTICPL nlLES

Figure 31. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santr

Cruz. 26-29 March 1972.

33

m

in

o

o

1/1
in

o

1/1

o

in

o
oo

in
oo

o

a

in

o

34

100_

200

300_

400_

500

600_

700-

800

_100

_200

_300

400

Figure 33. — Vertical distribu-
tion of temperature (°C) in the
upper 750 m. Contour interval
1°C. Delta Brazil 1-3 April
1972.

_500

600

_700

800

I 1 I 1 I L I I I

100 200 300 1100

NAUTICAL HILES

35

Figure 34. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Mormac Cape, 9-17 Aprfl

1972.

36

DEPTH (K)

I

■a
i:
s

.9

S

tt
e
U

.S

€

n

I

I

37

75

70

65

35

30

25

20

15

10

X?' - 3

X20.3

X21.8

X^'

x;3.6

>

^>K

^

.5

?<1.1

X2S.3

?6.n

C3>

X26.5

75

35

30

25

20

15

10

70

65

Figure 36. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise tracl( with the first
and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 4-8 April 1972.

^oo_

_ioo

_200

300

_400

500

_600

700_

_700

800.

.800

I , 1 L I I I L I

100 200 300 1(00

NBUTICHL MRtS

Figure 37. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 4-8 April 1972.

39

70

65

60

35

30

25

20

15

10

10

1 X

18.9
X20.0

X23.
X2M.U

)

x23.8
X2S.6

■-^ \ >
X27.2

1

35

30

25

20

15

10

70

65

60

Figure 38. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track
with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 1-5 May
1972.

40

100.

200.

300

400

500_

600_

700

800

-100

-200

300

-400

500

600

700

800

I — I — 1 — . — I 1 i ■__!

100 200 JOO noo

NBUUCBL niLCS

Figure 39.-Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 1-5 May

1972.

41

65

60

55

SO

45

40

35

X 21. S
\2i.3

X

24.4

x2i|.S
v24.4

x2H.3

X 2

S.2

w

«

b

1

X2S.9

^

X

(27.0
X27.0

*

x2:

X '
X

33 :

.5
7.S
27. S
<27.2

35

30

25

20

15

10

65 60 55 50 45 40 35

Figure 40. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Mormac Cape, 20-25 May 1972.

42

100

200

300.

1100

500

600

700

800

.100

200

.300

.1400

500

600

,700

.800

U-. I . I I I I I

100 200 100 HOD

NMITICM. II1LC9

Figure 41.— Vertical distributioii of temperature (°C) in tlie upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Mormac Cape, 20-25 May 1972,

43

80

75

70

65

40

35

30

Figure 42. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along
the cruise track with the first and last stations
numbered. Santa Cruz, 29 May-8 June 1972.

25

20

15

10

80

75

70

65

44

80

75

70

65

MO

35

30

Figure 43 — Sea surface salinities {%!>) along the
cruise track with the first and last stations
numbered. Santa Cruz, 29 May-8 June 1972.

25

20

15

10

BO

75

70

65

45

I* 5 6 7

100.

200.

300_

400

500

600_

700_

800.

.10

I ■ I ■ I . I -. — I —

100 300 300 UOO

NMTICKL MILtS

.100

.200

_300

_400 %

_500

_600

_700

.800

Figure 44.— Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour Interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 29 May-8 June 1972.

46

80

75

70

65

140

35

30

25

20

15

10

>40

35

30

Figure 45. — Sea surface temperature CO along
the cruise track with the first and last stations
numbered. Santa Cruz, 8-18 June 1972.

25

20

15

10

80

75

70

65

47

80

75

70

65

i|0

35

30

Figure 46. — Sea surface salinities (%o) along the
cruise track with the first and last stations
numbered. Santa Cruz, 8-18 June 1972.

25

20

15

10

80

75

70

65

48

100

200

300

liOO

500

600_

700

800

I , I , I , I ■__!

Figure 47. -Vertical distribution of temperature CO in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 8-18 June 1972.

49

75

70

65

35

30

25

20

J X

>

^*^

15

!7.2
27.6

K27.7

10

35

30

25

20

15

10

75

70

65

Figure 48. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise tracli
with the first and last stadons numbered. Santa Cruz, 28 June-14
July 1972.

50

75

70

65

35

30

25

20

15

10

1 X

>

16.148
37.00

a

1

> -

X 36. BU

X 36.78

/—-^-^S

S^^^^ X 37.00

\v 37.28

--^ \ >

X 35.82

8 X 36.37

12
13 )^X^

\jO X37-1S

35

30

25

20

15

10

75

70

65

Figure 49.— Sea surface salinities (%o) along the cruise track
with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 28 Jui|e-14
July 1972.

51

100

_200

300

_400

I 1 \ . I . 1 . I

100 200 300 100

NflUJICflL nlLfS

Figure 50. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 28 June-14 July 1972.

52

80

75

70

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

80

75

70

Figure 51. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track
with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 15-18 July
1972.

53

100

200_

300

400_

500

600_

700

23
24 2221

20 19 18

800

_100

_200

_300

_400

_500

600

700

800

I I I 1 I i I I I

100 200 300 IJOO

NBUTlCflL BILES

Figure 52. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz,

15-18 July 1972.

54

80

75

70

65

80

XJ6.3

a

X27.2

X27.8

X28.9

^27.H

X27.4

40

35

30

Figure 53. — Sea §iirface temperature (°C) along the
cruise track with the first and last stations numbered.
Santa Cruz, 25-31 July 1972.

25

20

15

10

75

70

65

55

80

75

70

65

>10

35

30

Figure 54. — Sea surface salinitieg (°/oo) along the
cruise tracli with the first and last stations numbered.
Santa Cruz, 25-31 July 1972.

25

20

15

10

xS^.oo

9

X36.«

X36.M2

X 36. ^;

X 35.79

X36.M1

56

100

_200

_30G

_4G0

500

600

700

800

I 1 L

100 ;oo 300 >ioo

NBUTICflL MILfS

Figure 55.— Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 25-31 July 1972.

57

80

75

70

65

60

35

30

25

20

15

10
80 75 70 65 60

Figure 56. — Sea suriace temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 11-14 August 1972.

58

80

75

70

65

60

35

90

25

20

15

10

80 75 70 65 60

Figure 57. — Sea surface salinitieg (°oo) along the cruise track with the first and bst stations numbered. Santa Ct-uz, 11-14 August 1972.

59

100_

200_

300_

Figure 58. — Vertical distribution of
temperature |°C) in the upper 750 m.
Contour interval 1°C. Sanfa Cruz, 11-14 UnO
August 1972.

500_

600_

700_

800

100

200

300

_yoo

_500

600

_700

800

_, !__. I I I , I

100 200 too iJOO

NBUUCBL nlLfS

60

80

75

70

65

60

35

30

25

20

15

10

80

75

70

65

60

'figure 59. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz. 21 August-1

September 1972.

61

80

75

70

65

60

35

30

25

20

15

10

80

75

70

65

60

Figure 60. — Sea surface salinities (%o) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 21 August-1 September

1972.

62

100_

200_

300_

400_

500_

600

700

800

_100

200

300

_400

500

600

_700

800

200 300 UOO
NAUTICRL MILES

Figure 61. — Vertical distnbution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa

Cruz, 21 August! September 1972.

63

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

US

110

35

30

19x21-3

J

/

^

<27.8

<27.7
<28.2

< 30.4

^30.7
j?28.3^

a

«03

X28.6
(27.9

^c^

1?

>

28.2

iae»7

Y

^

\.

}

4

i

80 75 70 65 60 55 50 "45 40 35 30

Figure 62. — Sea suriace temperature i°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 2-13 September 1972.

64

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

1

l9x3i.ou

f

/

-^

< 36.29

< 36.22
< 36.30

k36.S3

J? 36.27
,?36.6il

<o^

X 35.68
[ 35. 85

^ ^

>

f

36.10

>
1

-^ <- a

Y

^

\

/

4

\

80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30

Figure 63. — Sea surface salinities (%o) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 2-13 September 1972.

65

100

200.

300.

400.

SOO.

600.

700

800

100

200

_300

WO

-500

600

700

800

I 1 I ■__] I I ■ ]

Figure 64. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 2-13 September 1972.

75

70

65

75

70

65

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

1 X26.0

X27.6

X

x

8.2

29.8

X29.2

X28.1
y 28.7

"^^-^r-

^-^X2^-^

-IP

X28.l

40

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

35

30

25

20

15

10

1 X36.111

X36.2H

X

X

6.33
36.61

X 36.58

X36.1J4
V 36.53

ca\

-0x3^-**^

-^

X 35.16
36.^2,

75

70

65

75

70

65

Figure 65. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with
the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 17-30 September 1972.

Figure 66. — Sea surface salinities (°/oo) along tbe cniise track with the
first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 17-30 September 1972.

67

100.

200_

300_

400_

500_

500_

700.

800.

* . ■ •

_100

-200

-300

-400

-500

.600

.700

.800

■ DO 200 300 100

xnuiiCDL niLcs

Figure 67. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 17-30 September 1972.

68

80

7S

70

6S

f

y

T^^H

22.3

X

26.6

<28.3

^1

Pl — i

<28.3

e
X28.6

)^8.a.

t — ■ — ■'•

X28.S

Sr^

X28.9

12 Jf

»C3 y^

40

35

30

Figure 68. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the
cruise tracic with the first and last stations numbered.
Santa Cruz, 30 September-9 October 1972.

25

20

IS

10

80

75

70

65

69

80

75

70

65

40

35

30

Figure 69.— Sea suriace salinities (%o) along the
cruise track with the first and last stations numbered.
Santa Cruz, 30 September-9 October 1972.

25

20

IS

10

^

-tr

\

\

32. 7^

36.<I0

< 36.31
< 36.33

<::>

X 36.12
X 36^26'*

X3S.3S

110

35

30

25

20

C3>

15

10

80

75

70

65

70

33 32 21 20 19 18 17

16 15 mi3

12 1 I

100

200.

300

400

500

600

700_

800

100

200

300

-400 §

500

.600

_700

,800

I . 1 . I . I . I

100 ?00 300 1100

NHUIICAL m:LC3

Figure 70.— Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 30 Septeniber-9

October 1972.

71

80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30

Figure 71.— Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Mormac Pride, 4-13 October 1972.

72

80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30

Figure 72. — Sea surface salinitieg T/ool along the cruise track with the first and last stations numbered. Mormac Pride. 4-13 October 1972.

73

xm («)

I

I

I

s.

a

9

3
u

I

I

«

>
I

74

75

70

65

40

35

30

25

20

15

y

X26.7
X

X

X

X

7 ~

x28.2

^^

V 8 x28.8

— ^ ^ ;>

40

35

30

25

20

15

75

70

65

Figure 74. —Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise tracli with the first
and last stations numbered. Santa Ctuz, 15-18 October 1972.

75

75

70

65

t40

35

30

25

20

15

J

1 X 34.21

X36.12
X

X

X

X

o

X 36.55

^__^\,

8 X 36.09
-> \ }

40

35

30

25

20

15

75

70

65

Figure 75. — Sea suriace salinities (°/ool along the cruise track with the first
and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 15-18 October 1972.

76

69

68

67

69

68

67

69

15 x28.6

68

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

67

Figure 76. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the cruise track with
the first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 15-18 October 1972.

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

69

15 X 35.65

68

20

19

^ 18

17

16

15

14

13

67

Figure 77. — Sea surface salinities (°/oo) along the cruise track with the
first and last stations numbered. Santa Cruz, 15-18 October 1972.

77

100_

200_

300_

400_

500_

600

700_

9 1 13

7 81034

800

100

_200

-300

400 ?

_500

_600

700

800

I 1 I , I L J L_J

too 200 300 WOO
MOUTiCBL MJLtS

Figure 78. -Vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz, 15-18 October 1972.

78

80

75

70

40

35

30

25

20

40

35

Figure 79. — Sea surface temperature (°C) along the
cruise track with the first and last stations numbered.
Santa Cruz, 3-5 November 1972.

30

25

20

80

75

70

79

80

75

70

10

35

Figure 80. — Sea gurhce salinities (%o) along the
cruise track with the first and last stations numbered.
Santa Cruz, 3-5 November 1972.

30

25

20

c:;:^

H

40

35

) 36.51
); 36. ^6

H 36. eu

• } 36.68

30

< 36.110
K 36.55

25

20

80

75

70

80

21197

220136

100_

200_

300_

400_

500

600

700_

800

_100

200

300

400

Figure 81. — Vertical distribution of temperature (°C)
in the upper 750 m. Contour interval 1°C. Santa Cruz,
3-5 November 1972

_500

600

_700

800

I I I , L , I I I

100 200 300 400
NflUTICdL MILES

81

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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C, 20402.

666. Distribution and relative abundance of fishes in Newport River, North Carolina. By
William R. Turner and George N. Johnson. September 1973, iv + 23 pp., 1 fig., 13 tables.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC. 20402.

667. An analysis of the commercial lobster ( 'fomarus anericanus) fishery along the coast
of Maine, August 1966 through December 1970. By James C. Thomas. June 1973, v + 51
pp., 18 figs., 11 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402.

668. An annotated bibliography of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum). By
Fredric M, Serchuk and David W. Frame. May 1973, ii + 43 pp. For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC.
20402.

656. The calico scallop, Argopecten gibbus. By Donald M. Allen and T J. Costello. May
1972, iii -t- 19 pp., 9 figs., 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402.

657. Making fish protein concentrates by enzymatic hydrolysis. A status report on
research and some processes and products studied hy NMFS. By Malcolm B. Hale.
November 1972, v + 32 pp.. 15 figs., 17 tables, 1 appendix table. For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.
20402

668. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature.
By Jay C. Quasi and Elizabeth L. Hall. July 1972. iv + 47 pp For sale by the Superinten-
dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402.

669. Subpoint prediction for direct readout meteorological satellites. By L. E. Eber.
August 1973. iii + 7 pp., 2 figs.. 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents.
U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402.

670. Unharvested fishes in the U.S. commercial fishery of wesltm Lake Erie in 1969. By
Harry D Van Meter. July 1973. iii -I- 11 pp.. 6 figs. 6 tables. For sale by the Superinten-
dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402.

671. Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America. 1946-71. By Andrew
Bakun. June 1973. iv + 103 pp., 6 figs.. 3 tables. 45 appendix figs. For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.
20402.

659. The Southeast Fisheries Center bionumeric code. Part I: Fishes. By Harvey R.
Bullis, Jr., Richard B. Roe. and Judith C. Gatlin. July 1972, xl + 95 pp.. 2 figs. For sale by
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C.
20402.

672. Seasonal occurrence of young Gulf menhaden and other fishes in a northwestern
Florida estuary. By Marlin E. tagatz and E. Peter H. Wilkins. August 1973. iii -f 14 pp.. 1
fig.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Of-
fice, Washington, D.C. 20402.

660. A freshwater fish electro-motivator (FFEMl-its characteristics and operation. By
James E. Ellis and Charles C. Hoopes. November 1972, iii + 11 pp„ 9 figs.

661 . A review of the literature on the development of skipjack tuna fisheries in the cen-
tral and western Pacific Ocean. By Frank J. Hester and Tamio Otsu. January 1973, iii -i-
13 pp., 1 fig. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of-
fice, Washington, DC. 20402.

673. Abundance and distribution of inshore benthic fauna off southwestern Long Island,
N.Y. By Frank W. Steimle, Jr. and Richard B. Stone. December 1973, iii -I- 50 pp., 2 figs..
5 appendix tables.

674. Lake Erie bottom trawl explorations, l%2-66. By Edgar W. Bowman. January 1974.
iv + 21 pp., 9 figs.. 1 table. 7 appendix tables.

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