719 "^J H mkk Technical Report NMFS SSRF-719 <^'^VJ''''^ Seasonal Description of ^ Y-^h-7 ^ Winds and Surface and ^c^y-^^J" Bottom Salinities and ^^ATEso^"^ Temperatures in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, October 1972 to January 1976 Perry A. Thompson, Jr. and Thomas D. Leming February 1978 u, ^^i"f Biological Laboratory/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Insmution MAY 6 1996 Woods Hole, MA 02543 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report — Fisheries The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fisher.' resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report — Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS. or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from D825, Technical Information Division, Environmental Science Information Center, NOAA. WashingtoivD.C. 20235. Recent SSRFs 649. Distribution of forage of skipjack tuna ^Euthynnus pelamis) in the eastern tropical Pacific. By Maurice Blackburn and Michael Laurs. January' 1972. iii + 16 p.. 7 figs., 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 661. A review of the literature on the development of skipjack tuna fisheries in the central and western Pacific Ocean. By Frank J. Hester and Tamio Otsu. January 1973. iii + 13 p.. 1 fig. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 650. Effects of some antioxidants and EDTA on the development of ran- cidity in Spanish mackerel iScomberomorus maculatus) during frozen storage. By Robert N. Farragut. February 1972. iv + 12 p.. 6 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 651. The effect of premortem stress, holding temperatures, and freezing on the biochemistry and quality of skipjack tuna. By Ladell Crawford. April 1972, iii + 23 p., 3 figs., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 653. The use of electricity in conjunction with a 12.5-meter (Headrope) Gulf-of-Mexico shrimp trawl in Lake Michigan. By James E. Ellis. March 1972. iv -^ 10 p.. 11 figs.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 654. An electric detector system for recovering internally tagged menhaden, genus Brevoortia. By R. 0. Parker. Jr. February 1972. iii + 7 p.. 3 figs.. 1 app. table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 655. Immobilization of fingerling salmon and trout by decompression. By Doyle F. Sutherland. March 1972, iii -I- 7 p.. 3 figs.. 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC. 20402. 656. The calico scallop. Argopecten gibbus. By Donald M. Allen and T. J. Costello. May 1972. iii + 19 p., 9 figs.. 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 662. Seasonal distribution of tunas and billfishes in the Atlantic. By John P. Wise and Charles W. Davis. January 1973. iv + 24 p.. 13 figs.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 663. Fish larvae collected from the northeastern Pacific Ocean and Puget Sound during April and May 1967. By Kenneth D. Waldron. December 1972. iii -I- 16 p., 2 figs.. 1 table. 4 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 664. Tagging and tag-recovery experiments with Atlantic menhaden. Brecoortia tyrannus. By Richard L. Kroger and Robert L. Dryfoos. December 1972, iv -I- 11 p.. 4 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 665. Larval fish survey of Humbolt Bay, California. By Maxwell B. Eldrige and Charles F. Bryan.' December 1972. iii -K 8 p.. 8 figs.. 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 666. Distribution and relative abundance of fishes in Newport River, North Carolina. By William R. Turner and George N. Johnson. September 1973, iv -f 23 p.. 1 fig.. 13 tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 667. An analysis of the commercial lobster (Homarus americanus] fishery along the coast of Maine. August 1966 through December 1970. By James C. Thomas. June 1973. v + 51 p., 18 figs.. 11 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 657. Making fish protein concentrates by enzymatic hydrolysis. A status report on research and some processes and products studied by NMFS By Malcolm B. Hale. November 1972, v -t- 32 p.. 15 figs.. 17 tables. 1 app. table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 658. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. By Jay C. Quast and Elizabeth L. Hall. July 1972. iv + 47 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 659. The Southeast Fisheries Center bionumeric code. Part I: Fishes. By Harvey R. Bullis. Jr.. Richard B. Roe, and Judith C. Gatlin. July 1972, xl + 95 p.. 2 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 660. A freshwater fish electro-motivator (FFEM)-its characteristics and operation. By James E. Ellis and Charles C. Hoopes. November 1972, iii + 11 p., 2 figs. 668. An annotated bibliography of the cunner. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Wilbaum). By Fredric M. Serchuk and David W. Frame. May 1973. ii + 43 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. 20402. 669. Subpoint prediction for direct readout meterological satellites. By L. E. Eber. August 1973, iii + 7 p., 2 figs., 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 670. Unharvested fishes in the U.S. commercial fishery of western Lake Erie in 1969. By Harry D. Van Meter. July 1973. iii + 11 p., 6 figs., 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 671. Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 1946-71. By Andrew Bakun. June 1973. iv + 103 p., 6 figs., 3 tables, 45 app. figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. Continued on inside back cover NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-719 Seasonal Description of Winds and Surface and Bottom Salinities and Temperatures in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, October 1972 to January 1976 Perry A. Thompson, Jr. and Thomas D. Leming February 1978 ^A/ I!^^^',"® Biological Laborafory/ Woods Hoie Oceanographic Institution MAY 6 1996 Woods Hole, MA 02543 U.S. DEPARTMENT OFCOMMERCE Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Richard A Frank. Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington. D,C, 204U2 Stock No. 005-017-00414-7 The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Survey area 1 Methods and procedures 1 Discussion 3 Acknowledgments 4 Literature cited 4 Tables 1. Data and hydrographic equipment used on the FRS Oregon //groundfish cruises 3 2. Mean bimonthly surface and bottom temperatures (°C) for each survey area 3 Figures 1. Primary fishing area for the industrial bottomfish fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico 2 2. Bimonthly mean difference between surface and bottom water temperatures and associated wind roses east of the Mississippi River Delta 5 3. Bimonthly mean difference between surface and bottom water temperatures and associated wind roses off the Mississippi River Delta 6 4. Bimonthly mean difference between surface and bottom water temperatures and associated wind roses west of the Mississippi River Delta 7 5. Bimonthly mean air temperature for each survey area 8 6. Bimonthly mean surface and bottom salinity east of the Mississippi River Delta 8 7. Bimonthly mean surface and bottom salinity off the Mississippi River Delta 9 8. Bimonthly mean surface and bottom salinity west of the Mississippi River Delta 9 9. Cruise 40, surface temperature (°C), October 1972 10 10. Cruise 40, bottom temperature (°C), October 1972 11 11. Cruise 42, surface temperature (°C), November 1972 12 12. Cruise 42, bottom temperature (°C), November 1972 13 13. Cruise 44, surface temperature (°C), April 1973 14 14. Cruise 44, bottom temperature (°C), April 1973 15 15. Cruise 48, surface temperature (°C), November 1973 16 16. Cruise 48, bottom temperature (°C), November 1973 17 17. Cruise 51, surface temperature (°C), June 1974 18 18. Cruise 51, bottom temperature (°C), June 1974 19 19. Cruise 51, surface salinity (ppt), June 1974 20 20. Cruise 52, surface temperature (°C), August 1974 21 21. Cruise 52, bottom temperature (°C), August 1974 22 22. Cruise 52, surface salinity (ppt), August 1974 23 23. Cruise 52, bottom salinity (ppt), August 1974 24 24. Cruise 55, surface temperature (°C), November 1974 25 25. Cruise 55, bottom temperature (°C), November 1974 26 26. Cruise 55, surface salinity (ppt), November 1974 27 27. Cruise 55, bottom salinity (ppt), November 1974 28 28. Cruise 57, surface temperature (°C), March 1975 29 29. Cruise 57, bottom temperature (°C), March 1975 30 30. Cruise 57, surface salinity (ppt), March 1975 31 31. Cruise 57, bottom salinity (ppt), March 1975 32 32. Cruise 60, surface temperature (°C), July 1975 33 33. Cruise 60, bottom temperature (°C), July 1975 34 34. Cruise 60, surface salinity (ppt), July 1975 35 35. Cruise 60, bottom salinity (ppt), July 1975 36 36. Cruise 62, surface temperature (°C), November 1975 37 37. Cruise 62, bottom temperature (°C), November 1975 38 38. Cruise 62, surface salinity (ppt), November 1975 39 iii 39. Cruise 62, bottom salinity (ppt), November 1975 40 40. Cruise 64, surface temperature (°C), January 1976 41 41. Cruise 64, bottom temperature (°C), January 1976 42 42. Cruise 64, surface salinity (ppt), January 1976 43 43. Cruise 64, bottom salinity (ppt), January 1976 44 Seasonal Description of Winds and Surface and Bottom Salinities and Temperatures in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, October 1972 to January 1976^ PERRY A. THOMPSON, JR.- and THOMAS D. LEMING' ABSTRACT Seasonal surface and bottom salinities and temperatures in the northern Gulf of Mexico are de- scribed. The area surveyed, from October 1972 to January 1976, was between Mobile Bay, Ala. (long. 88°00 W), and Atchafalaya Bay, La. (long. 9r"30W), from 5 to 50 fathoms (9 to 91 m). INTRODUCTION Published hydrographic data from the Gulf of Mexico generally deal with the central gulf rather than the con- tinental shelf. Rivas (1968), Drennan (1968), and Wise- man et al. (1976) studied surface temperature in the cen- tral gulf, subsurface circulation over the shelf, and effects of the Mississippi River discharge on temperature and salinity of the inner shelf west of the Mississippi River. Many studies have been completed on tem- perature and salinity observations and seasonal trends on the shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The most re- cent study for the northwestern Gulf of Mexico is that of Temple et al. (1977) and for the northeastern that of Christmas et al.' Because the northern shelf of the Gulf of Mexico is the richest fish producing area in the gulf, considerable ef- fort should be directed toward understanding the hy- drography and its effects on the environment of marine life. In 1972 the National Marine Fisheries Service started a program to evaluate the industrial and food- fish demersal fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico and to provide associated environmental information for the area. Environmental variables recorded during ground- fish cruises were temperature, salinity, and bottom type. These variables can be correlated with densities of fin- fish later to determine their influence on abundance and distribution of the finfish stocks. In this paper we give a brief description of surface and bottom temperatures and salinities and establish their general seasonal variability in the northern gulf. Tem- perature appears to be an important factor in the move- 'Contribution No. 77-24P from the -Southeast Fisheries Center Pasca- goula Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. ■Southeast Fisheries Center Pascagoula Laborator,', National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Pascagoula, MS .39567. 'Southeast Fisheries Center National Fisheries Engineering Labora- tory, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, NSTL, Bay St. Louis, MS 39520. 'Christmas, J. Y., A. Perry, and R. S. Waller, 1974. Investigations of coastal pelagic fishes completion report. Gulf Coast Research Labora- tory. Ocean Springs, Miss., 90 p. ment of juvenile groundfish from the estuaries (Franks et al. 1972). Determination of seasonality would be beneficial in understanding this aspect of the life history of groundfish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. SURVEY AREA Initially the primary fishing grounds encompassed the area from 5 to 50 fathoms (9 to 91 m) between Perdido Bay, Fla. (long. 87°30'W), and .Ship Shoal, La. (long. 91°30'W) (Roithmayr 1965). This area was later reduced to between Mobile Bay, Ala. (long. 88°00'W), and Ship Shoal, La. (long. 91°30'W), because of the low density of groundfish east of Mobile Bay (Gutherz et al. 1975). The primary area was divided into three survey segments (Fig. 1): 1) east of the Delta, SAl (long. 88°00' to 89°00'W); 2) off the Delta, SA2 (long. 89°00' to 90°00'W); and 3) west of the Delta, SA3 (long. 90°00' to 91°.30'W). METHODS AND PROCEDURES For each cruise, 35 to 45 hydrographic stations were selected both east and west of the mouth of the Mississippi River. These stations were preselected from fishing stations along transect lines at 20' longitude in- tervals. If no fishing stations were located along a tran- sect line, then the closest fishing stations to the transect were selected. Hydrographic stations were separated by 10 to 15 km along the transect line. Because of the ran- dom selection of fishing stations, the probability of repeating the same hydrographic station for each cruise was low. Stations were located by loran-A or radar. Equipment used to acquire data on the various cruises is listed in Table 1. All equipment was calibrated at the beginning of each cruise. Temperatures were measured with an expendable bathythermograph (XBT) and recorded to the nearest 0.1°C on cruises 40 to 52. Salinity data were not taken during cruises 40 to 48. On cruise 52 surface and bottom salinities were recorded to the nearest part per thousand (ppt) using a Goldbert T/C refractometer. On cruises 55 to 64, salinity and tem- 8 T3 ja V a C .A 3 .s I Table 1. — Data and hydrographic equipment used on the FRS Oregon II groundfish cruises. Cruise no. Hydrographic equipment Salinity Temperature Date XBT STD Niskin bottles Refractometer Surface Bottom Surface Bottom 40 Oct. 1972 X 42 Nov. 1972 X 44 Apr. 197.3 X 48 Nov. 1973 X 51 June 1974 X 52 Aug. 1974 X 55 Nov. 1974 X 57 Mar. 1975 X 60 .July 1975 X 62 Nov. 1975 X 64 Jan. 1976 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X perature were recorded using a Plessey Environmental System Model No. 9060 Graphic, self-recorded, STD unit. The degree of variation between the STD and the refractometer was 0.5 ppt. Because the XBT failed on cruise 44 and the STD on cruise 55, the environmental data are incomplete east of the Delta. Weather data were taken from the FRS Oregon 11 weather log for cruises 48 to 64. The September and October wind roses for SA2 and SA3 are incomplete because of inadequate weather data for that time. Figures 2 to 43 show mean bimonthly differences between surface and bottom temperature and salinity, mean bimonthly air temperature, and surface and bot- tom isotherms and isohalines for each cruise. Isotherm contours were not drawn for cruise 40 (Fig. 9) because of the narrow range between data points. Isotherms and isohaline contours were not drawn around the mouth of the Mississippi River (Figs. 9 to 37, 39, 42) because of the wide range in values due to the influence of the Mississippi River. DISCUSSION Meteorological conditions and the discharge from the Mississippi River within this survey area have a sig- nificant effect on seasonal variations (Drennan 1968). Within the primary area, salinity and temperature data have been separated by depth and survey area to detect seasonal changes. Calculated bimonthly mean surface and bottom temperatures are shown in Table 2. Mean differences between surface and bottom temperatures have been computed bimonthly to demonstrate an an- nual seasonal cycle for each survey area (Figs. 2-4). Data indicated that both a summer and winter season are well defined within the primary area. The change in seasons is recognized when surface and bottom temperatures are similar. The summer season begins in March and April at all depths. This change is correlated with changing meteorological conditions as the wind shifts from a northerly to a southerly direction (Figs. 2-4). This shift in direction is accompanied by a decrease in intensity of wind speed and an increase in air temperature (Fig. 5). Water and air temperatures reach a peak in July and August accompanied by frequent calm winds (Figs. 2-4). Little wind-mixing during the period, coupled with solar Table 2. — Mean bimonthly surface and bottom temperatures CO for each survey area. The top figure represents surface temperature and the bottom figure represents the bottom temperature. Survey Jan.- Mar.- Mav- Julv- Sept.. Nov.- area Feb. Apr. June Aug. Oct. Dec. 5 to 9 fathoms 13.5 17.7 25.7 28.9 28.7 21.9 SAl 14.6 18.1 22.7 25.2 28.3 22.8 12.7 17.8 29.2 29.5 26.7 22.8 SA2 16.5 19.1 23.7 26.4 27.8 21.6 12.9 19.6 27.0 29.6 27.7 20.7 SA3 16.4 19.6 26.1 27.1 27.6 21.5 10 to 19 fathoms 15.3 18.1 25.6 27.9 28.7 25.2 SAl 17.4 19.2 21.7 23.9 26.2 22.9 12.4 18.9 28.0 29.8 22.3 22.2 SA2 19.9 20.6 22.6 24.4 26.3 24.2 14.3 19.9 25.7 29.4 28.0 22.2 SA3 18.4 20.2 23.8 24.8 27.8 23.2 20 to 50 fathoms 18.6 18.6 27.1 28.7 28.6 23.6 SAl 19.5 20.4 21.7 21.2 22.1 23.7 11.9 18.1 26.5 29.6 26.4 21.3 .SA2 19.6 19.8 19.7 19.3 21.1 24.1 17.9 20.4 26.9 29.7 28.0 22.1 SA.1 19.2 20.3 20.3 20.3 22.6 22.9 heating, results in a large difference between surface and bottom temperatures. The summer season begins to dis- appear in September and October with a drop in air tem- perature and a wind shift. By November and December the winter season has begun with southeasterly winds shifting to a more northerly direction (Figs. 2-4). This change in wind direction and intensity produces northers, causing the mean air temperature to drop ap- proximately 9°C from the July and August high (Leip- per 1954). The wind generally remains out of the north to northwest in January and February bringing colder tem- peratures within the survey area. This is the coldest period of the year. By March and April the winter season ends with a general warming of air temperature and a wind shift to the southeast, thus completing the annual cycle. The importance of the Loop Current and its role in the circulation pattern on the shelf has been described by Drennan (1968). Bottom salinities at all depths in the three survey areas are similar and relatively constant because of the influence of the Loop Current (Drennan 1968) (Figs. 6-8). Surface salinities vary within each sur- vey area, indicating seasonal changes that can be at- tributed to the discharge from the Mississippi River and calm weather during the summer months (Drennan 1968). The Mississippi River flood period peaks in April and May with a 17-yr average of 3,668 m Vs.* These flood periods are reflected in lower surface salinities for SA2 (Fig. 7) and to some extent in SAl and SA3 for May and June (Figs. 6, 8). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our appreciation is extended to the Louisiana State University Department of Marine Science for the use of the Plessey STD unit and the assistance of Gene Turner and Bob Allen. Also, thanks are extended to Elmer J. Gutherz for his guidance, and to Tommy Strowd for drawing the isohalines and isotherms on the charts. Ad- 'Russell. M. 1977. Apparent effects of flooding on distribution and landings of industrial bottomfish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. South- east Fisheries Center. Pascagoula Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Pascagoula, Miss., 21 p. ditional thanks are given to the scientific party and crew of the FRS Oregon II. LITERATURE CITED DRENNAN, K. L. 1968. Hydrographic studies in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf South Research Institute, New Iberia, La.. Ill p. FR.i\NKS, .J. S., J. Y. CHRISTMAS. W. L. SILER, R. COMBS, R. WALLER, and C. BURNS. 1972. A study of nektonic and benthic faunas of the shallow Gulf of Mexico off the state of Mississippi as related to some physical, chemical, and geological factors. Gulf Res. Rep. 4:1-148. GITHERZ, E. J.. G. M. RUSSELL, A. F. SERRA, and B. A. ROHR. 1975. Synopsis of the northern Gulf of Mexico industrial and food- fish industries. Mar. Fish. Rev. 37(7):1-11. LEIPPER. D. F. 19.54. Marine meterology of the Gulf of Mexico, a brief review. In Gulf of Mexico its origin, waters, and marine life, p. 89-98. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 55. RIVAS. L. R. 1968. Fishermen's atlas of monthly sea surface temperatures for the Gulf of Mexico. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Circ. 300, 33 p. ROITHMAYR, C. M. 1965. Industrial bottomfish fishery of the northern Gulf of Mexico, 1959-63. U.S. Fish Wildl, Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 518, 23 p. TEMPLE, R. F., D. L. HARRINGTON, and J. A. MARTIN. 1977. Monthly temperature and salinity measurements of conti- nental shelf waters of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, 1963-65. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-707, 26 p. WISEMAN, W. ,]., Jr.. .1. M. BANE, S. P. MURRAY, and M. W. TUB- MAN. 1976. Small-scale temperature and salinity structure over the inner shelf west of the Mississippi River Delta. Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege, 6''ser. 10:277-285. SA I UJ a: z -> UJ \- UJ - li 1- o .-' m 1 2 Q < z * U < i Ld ft U < - 7 u. q: - e Z3 W - 9 SA 3 5 to 9 folh 10 10 19 folh 20 10 50 folh JAN. - FEB MAR - APR MAY - JUN, JUL - AUG SEP - OCT. NOV - DEC. O BIMONTHLY WIND VECTORS Figure 4.— Bimonthly mean difference between surface and bottom wat er temperatures and associated wind roses west of the Mississippi River Delta (SA3). Wind roses: Arrows fly with the wind based on eight points of the compass. Each wind rose indicates the average wind speed at the end of the arrow, percent frequency at center of arrow, and percentage of calm or light winds are encircled. SURVEY AREAS Figure 5. — Bimonthly mean air temperature for each survey area (SAl, 2 and 3). CO to MAR - APR MAY . JUN JUL - AUG SEP - OCT NOV . DEC Figure 6. — Bimonthly mean surface and bottom salinity east of the Mississippi River Delta (SAl). Solid line is surface salinity; dash line is bottom salinity. JAN - FEB MAR - APR MAY - JUN JUL - AUG SEP - OCT NOV - DEC Figure 7. — Bimonthly mean surface and bottom salinity off the Mississippi River Delta (SA2). Solid line is surface salinity; dash line is bottom salinity. JAN - FEB MAR - APR MAY - JUN JUL - AUG SEP - OCT NOV - DEC Figure 8.— Bimonthly mean surface and bottom salinity west of the Mississippi River Delta (SA3). Solid line is surface salinity; dash line is bottom salinity. ^ CM < < UJ < < o 3 U I CO < CO 10 o a s s 2 I u I 11 E I 12 13 a I 3 14 ^ CM < (0 Y< < bJ < < CO < C/) I 15 16 17 •c 3 I 18 a- ^ CM ^i < liJ < < s Q. CO < CO 19 ^ < u DC < ^i- Q. CO < 0) E 3 .a E e I ^ 9- OB 0) — s o t" 7 20 s < < 1 9 u 21 I 22 u I 23 24 25 I 26 ss bJ Si < CO -)^ ^ ^ o ^ X 3 ^^^^ ce ■■i 1 ^ 3 n_ o 1 Ik t« CJ 41 3 be b CO < CO 27 28 u I 29 30 ss 5 < 0) s CO < (0 I 31 s 3 3 32 ^ < liJ CO -^c- I CO < 33 34 35 u I 36 I tl S 37 a B I a 38 a I 39 S U I 40 41 I 42 Si CM 35 M < < CO < CO ■^._ I 43 44 ft U S. GOVERNMENT PBINTING OFFICE: 1978-7')')- 734/a REGION 10 672. Seasonal occurrence of young Guld menhaden and other fishes in a northwestern Florida estuary. By Marlin E. Tagatz and E. Peter H. Wilkins. August 1973, iii + H p., 1 fig., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 673. Abundance and distribution of inshore benthic fauna off southwestern Long Island. N.Y. By Frank W. Steimle. Jr. and Richard B. Stone. December 1973, iii -f- 50 p., 2 figs., 5 app. tables. 674. Lake Erie bottom trawl explorations, 1962-66. By Edgar W. Bow- man. January 1974, iv + 21 p.. 9 figs., 1 table. 7 app. tables. 67.S. Proceedings of the International Billfish Symposium. Kailua- Kona. Hawaii, 9-12 August 1972. Part 1. Report of the Symposium. March 1975, iii + 33 p.; Part 2. Review and contributed papers. July 1974, iv + 355 p. (38 papers); Part 3. Species synopses. June 1975, iii + 1,59 p. (8 papers). Richard S. Shomura and francis Williams (editors). For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 676. Price spreads and cost analyses for finfish and shellfish products at different marketing levels. By Erwin S. Penn. March 1974. vi + 74 p., 15 figs., 12 tables. 12 app. figs.. 14 app. tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 677. Abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in natural and altered estuarine areas. By Gill Gilmore and Lee Trent. April 1974. iii + 13 p.. 11 figs.. 3 tables. ^ app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 678. Distribution, abundance, and growth of juvenile sockeye ■salmon. Oncorhynvhus nerka, and associated species in the Naknek River system, 1961-64. By Robert J. Ellis. September 1974, v + 53 p., 27 figs., 26 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. 679. Kinds and abundance of zooplankton collected by the USCG icebreaker Glacier in the eastern Chukchi Sea. September-October 1970. By Bruce L Wing. August 1974. iv + 18 p.. 14 figs., 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 680. Pelagic amphipod crustaceans from the southeastern Bering Sea. June 1971 . By Gerald A. Sanger. July 1974. iii -)■ 8 p., 3 figs.. 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington. DC. 20402. 681. Physiological response of the Conner, Taulogotabrus adspersus, to cadmium. October 1974, iv -)• 33 p., 6 papers, various authors. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 682. Heat exchange between ocean and atmosphere in the eastern North Pacific for 1961-71. By N. E. Clark. L. Eber. R. M. Laurs. J. A. Renner. and J. F. T. Saur. December 1974. iii ■¥ 108 p., 2 figs., 1 table. 5 plates. 683. Bioeconomic relationships for the Maine lobster fishery with con- sideration of alternative management schemes. By Robert L. Dow, Frederick W. Bell, and Donald M. Harriman. March 1975. v -f 44 p.. 20 figs.. 25 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 684. Age and size composition of the Atlantic menhaden. Breioortia tyrannus. purse seine catch. 1963-71. with a brief discussion of the fishery. By William R. Nicholson. June 1975, iv -t- 28 p.. 1 fig.. 12 tables. 18 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 685. An annotated list of larval and juvenile fishes captured with sur- face-towed meter net in the South Atlantic Bight during four RV Dolphin cruises between May 1967 and February 1968. By Michael P. Fahay. March 1975, iv + 39 p., 19 figs., 9 Ubles, 1 app. Ubie. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 686. Pink salmon. Oncorhunchus gorbuscha, tagging experiments in southeastern Alaska. 1938-42 and 1945. By Roy E. Nakatani, Gerald J. Paulik, and Richard Van Cleve. April 1975, iv + 39 p., 24 figs., 16 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 687. Annotated bibliography on the biology of the menhadens. Genus Brevoortia. 1963-1973. By John W. Reintjes and Peggy M. Keney. April 1975. 92 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 688. Effect of gas supersaturated Columbia River water on the survival of juvenile chinook and coho salmon. By Theodore H. Blahm. Robert J. McConnell. and George R. Snyder. April 1975. iii + 22 p.. 8 figs., 5 tables, 4 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 689. Ocean distribution of stocks of Pacific salmon. Oncorhynchus spp., and steelhead trout. Salmo gairdnerii. as shown by tagging experimenta. Charts of tag recoveries by Canada. Japan, and the United States. 1956- 69. By Robert R. French. Richard G. Bakkala. and Doyle F. Suther- land. June 1975. viii -I- 89 p.. 117 figs.. 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC. 20402. 690. Migratory routes of adult sockeye salmon. Oncorhynchus nerka, in the eastern Bering Sea and Bristol Bay. By Richard R. Straty. April 1975, iv + .32 p.. 22 figs.. 3 tables. 3 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC. 20402. 691. Seasonal distributions of larval flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) on the continental shelf between Cape Cod. Massachusetts, and Cape Lookout. North Carolina. 1965-66. By W. G. Smith. J. D. Sibunka, and A. Wells. June 1975, iv -I- 68 p., 72 figs., 16 tables. 692. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the N'MFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program for 1972. By Steven K. Cook. June 1975, iv -H 81 p., 81 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 693. 1967 Daily and weekly upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 73. By Andrew Bakun. August 1975, iii + 114 p., 3 figs., 6 tables. 694. Semiclosed seawater system with automatic salinity, temperature and turbidity control. By Sid Korn. September 1975, iii + 5 p., 7 figs.. 1 table. 695. Distribution, relative abundance, and movement of skipjack tuna. Katsuwonus pelamis, in the Pacific Ocean based on Japanese tuna long- line catches. 1964-67. By Walter M. Matsumoto. October 1975. iii + 30 p., 15 figs.. 4 tables. 696. Large-scale air-sea interactions at ocean weather station V. 1951- 71. By David M. Husby and Gunter R. Seckel. November 1975. iv -I- 44 p.. 11 figs.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 697. Fish and hydrographic collections made by the research vessels Dolphin and Delaware II during 1968-72 from New York to Florida. By S. J. Wilk and M. J. Silverman. January 1976. iii -H 159 p.. 1 table. 2 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 698. Summer benthic fish fauna of Sandy Hook Bay. New Jersey. By Stuart J. Wilk and Myron J. Silverman. January 1976. iv + 16 p.. 21 figs., 1 table, 2 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 699. Seasonal surface currents off the coasts of Vancouver Island and Washington as shown by drift bottle experiments, 1964-65. By W. James Ingraham, Jr. and James R. Hastings. May 1976. iii -K 9 p.. 4 figs., 4 tables. MBL WHOI Library - Serials II |. I' 11 il||l'| '||l|:l II :l WHSE 04510 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE N*TtONAt OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC APMINISIItATlON NAIIONAl »A«INE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENIIFIC CUBliCATIONS SIAff ROOM 450 M07N E 4SIHSI SfAfUE, WA 98105 OEFICIAl BUSINESS l>(^fellC£ V"> 'ECS ""° US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COM 210 .JHIRDCLASS •^ UflWftfATE NOAA SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, was established as part of the Department of Commerce on October 3. 1970 The mission responsibilities of NOAA are to monitor and predict the state of the solid Earth, the oceans and their living resources, the atmosphere, and the space environment of the Earth, and to assess the socioeconomic impact of natural and technological changes in the environment. The six Major Line Components of NOAA regularly produce various types of scientific and technical infor- mation in the following kinds of publications: PROFESSIONAL PAPERS— Important definitive research results, major techniques, and special in- vestigations. TECHNICAL REPORTS— Journal quality with extensive details, mathematical developments, or data listings. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS— Reports of preliminary, partial, or negative research or tech- nology results, interim instructions, and the like. CONTRACT AND GRANT REPORTS— Reports prepared by contractors or grantees under NOAA sponsorship. TECHNICAL SERVICE PUBLICATIONS— These are publications containing data, observations, instructions, etc. A partial listing; Data serials: Pre- diction and outlook periodicals: Technical manuals, training papers, planning reports, and information serials: and Miscellaneous technical publications. ATLAS — Analysed data generally presented in the form of maps showing distribution of rainfall, chemical and physical conditions of oceans and at- mosphere, distribution of fishes and marine mam- mals, ionospheric conditions, etc. IntormaUon on availability of NOAA publlcaUona can ba obtalnad Imm: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INFORMATION CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 3300 Whlt*lMv«ii StrMt, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20235