727 L Management- -r-/y MAR 14 1979 _Troll Salmon- „r^ ^ JH. c o J ^^ATES O* .^-^ NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF- 727 Expendable Bathythermograph Observations From the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program for 1975 Steven K. Cook, Barclay P. Collins, and Christine S. Carty January 1979 Marine Biological Laboratory/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MAY 6 1996 Woods Hole, MA 02543 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report — Fisheries The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFSl are to monitor and assess the abundance and neographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of p4>licies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report— Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS. or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also u.sed as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from D825. Technical Information Division, Environmental Science Information Center. NOAA. Washington. DC. 202.:I5. Recent SSRFs are: 649. Distribution of forage of skipjack tuna {Eutbynnus pelamis) in the eastern tropical Pacific. By Maurice Blackburn and Michael Laurs. January 1972, iii + 16 p., 7 figs.. 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 661. A review of the literature on the development of skipjack tuna fisheries in the central and western Pacific Ocean. By Frank -1. Hester and Tamio Otsu. January 1973, iii + 13 p.. 1 fig. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 6.S0. Effects of some antioxidants and EDTA on the development of ran- cidity in Spanish mackerel {Scomberomorus macutatus) during frozen storage. By Robert N. Farragut. February 1972. iv + 12 p.. 6 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 651. The effect of premortem stress, holding temperatures, and freezing on the biochemistry and quality of skipjack tuna. By Ladell Crawford. April 1972. iii + 23 p.. 3 figs.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. RS3. The use of electricity in conjuncticm with a 12..T-meter (Headrope) Gulf-of- Mexico shrimp trawl in Lake Michigan. By James E. Ellis. March 1972. iv + 10 p.. 11 figs.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. US. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 6^4. An electric detector system for recovering internally tagged menhaden, genus Hrevonrtia. By R. O. Parker. .Ir. February 1972. iii -t- 7 p.. 3 figs.. 1 app. table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 6.').'). Immobilization of fingerling salmon and trout by decompression. By Doyle F. Sutherland. March 1972. iii + 7 p., 3 figs.. 2 tables. For sale bv the .Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 6.56. The calico scallop, Argopecten gihbus. By Donald M. Allen and T. J. Costello. May 1972. iii + 19 p., 9 figs., 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 662. Seasonal distribution of tunas and billfishes in the Atlantic. By John P. Wise and Charles W. Davis. January 1973. iv + 24 p.. 13 figs.. 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. (t63. Fish larvae collected from the northeastern Pacific Ocean and Pugel Sound during April and May 1967. By Kenneth D Waldron. December 1972. iii -H 16 p.. 2 figs.. 1 table. 4 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printmg Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 664. Tagging and tag-recovery experiments with Atlantic menhaden. lirei'oortia tyrannus. By Richard L. Kroger and Robert L. Dryfoos. December 1972. iv + 11 p.. 4 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 66.'). Larval fish survey of Humbolt Bay. California. By Maxwell B. Eldrige and Charles F. Bryan. December 1972. iii + 8 p.. 8 figs.. 1 table. For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 666. Distribution and relative abundance of fishes in Newport River. North Carolina. By William R. Turner and George N Johnson. September 1973. iv -h 23 p.. 1 fig.. 13 tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents. l'.,S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 667. An analysis of the commercial lobster tHomarus americanus) fisherv along the coast of Maine. August 1966 through December 1970. By James C.Thomas June 1973. v -t- .57 p.. 18 figs.. 11 tables. For sale by the .Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 657. Making fish protein concentrates by enzymatic hydrolysis. A status report on research and some processes and products studied by NMFS. By Malcolm B Hale. November 1972. v + 32 p.. 15 figs.. 17 tables. 1 app. table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 6.58. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. By Jay C. Quasi and Elizabeth L. Hall. July 1972. iv -I- 47 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC 20402. 659. The Southeast Fisheries Center bionumeric code. Part I: Fishes. By Harvey R. Bullis. Jr.. Richard B. Roe. and Judith C. Gallin. July 1972. xl + 95 p.. 2 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 660 A freshwater fish electro-motivator lFFEM)-its characteristics and operation. By James E. Ellis and Charles C. Hoopes. November 1972, iii + 11 p.. 2 figs. -16 August 1975 24 14. Sea Land Venture — 31 August-1 September 1975 25 15. Delta Sud— 6-1 September 1975 26 16. Delta Sud—1 September 1975 27 17. Delta .Sud— 11 September 1975 28 18. Delta Norte— 20 September 1975 29 19. .Sea Land Venture— 23-24 September 1975 30 20. .Sea Land Venture— 28-29 September 1975 31 21. Delta .Sud— 18-19 October 1975 32 22. .Sea Land Venture— 20 October 1975 33 23. Delta Norte— 24 October 1975 34 24. Delta Sud— 23-24 November 1975 35 25. Delta Sud— 2-3 December 1975 36 26. Delta Norte— b-6 December 1975 37 Cape Hatteras Transects 27. Santa Cruz — 4 January 1975 38 28. Santa Cruz— \9-20 February 1975 39 29. Ingham— 26-21 March 1975 40 30. .Santa CVu2— 30-31 March 1975 41 31. Santa Cruz— 9-10 April 1975 42 32. Mormac Argo— 8-9 May 1975 43 33. Chase— lo June 1975 44 34. Chase— 16 June 1975 45 35. Trident— 24-25 June 1975 46 36. Mormac Argo— 8-9 September 1975 47 37. Taney- 11-12 September 1975 48 38. Santa Cru2— 13-14 September 1975 49 39. Santa Cruz— 24-25 September 1975 50 40. Ingham— 2-3 October 1975 51 41 . .Santa 0^2-29-30 October 1975 52 42. Mormac Argo — 31 October-1 November 1975 53 43. 7'aney — 14 November 1975 54 44. Taney— 5-6 December 1975 55 45. Santa Cruz—1 December 1975 56 46. 7'aney— 27 December 1975 57 Middle Atlantic Bight Transects 47. Mormac Argo — 21-22 March 1975 58 48. Evergreen— 3-5 April 1975 59 49. Export Defender— 21 April 1975 60 50. Evergreen— 28-29 April 1975 61 51. Mormac Rigel— 21-22 May 1975 62 52. Tndent— 9-11 June 1975 63 53. Export Defender— 11 June 1975 64 54. Tndent— 22-23 June 1975 65 iv 55. LashAtlantico—'i-S July 1975 66 56. Trident— n July 1975 67 57. LatihAtlanticoS-9 August 1975 68 58. Murmac Rigel—lG-n August 1975 69 59. Mormac Argo— 20-21 September 1975 70 60. Export Defender— \-2 October 1975 71 61. Mormac Rigel— 11-12 October 1975 72 62. Export Defender— n-l8 October 1975 73 63. Santa Cruz— 19-20 October 1975 74 64. Mormac Ar^o— 22-23 October 1975 75 65. Bibb— 5 December 1975 76 66. Trident— 9-10 December 1975 77 67. Export Defender— n-l2 December 1975 78 68. Bibb— 21-28 December 1975 79 Gulf of Maine Transects 69. Chase— 21-28 February 1975 80 70. Chase— lb March 1975 81 71. Hamilton— 14 April 1975 82 72. Duane— 20 May 1975 83 73. Evergreen— 21-22 May 1975 84 74. Duane— il May 1975 85 75. Bluenose—\8 June 1975 86 76. Evergreen— 9-\0 July 1975 87 77. Bluenose—].& July 1975 88 78. Bluenose—Vi August 1975 89 79. Bluenose — 17 September 1975 90 80. Bluenose— 14 October 1975 91 81. Bluenose— 18 November 1975 92 82. Bluenose— 16 December 1975 93 Expendable Bathythermograph Observations From the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program for 1975 STEVEN K. COOK.' BARCLAY P. COLLINS,^ CHRISTINE S. CARTY' ABSTRACT This report is designed to show the results of the fifth year of operation of the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program (SOOP). The data are presented in the form of vertical distributions of temperature and horizontal distributions of sea surface temperture and salinity. Operational and data management procedures are discussed, and a descriptive analysis of the most dynamic transects showing the Yucatan, Loop. Florida, and Gulf Stream current systems is presented. The annual development and subsequent degradation of the cold cell off the Middle Atlantic Bight is also discussed. INTRODUCTION In midyear of 1970, a cooperative expendable bathythermograph (XBT) program was initiated between the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the Maritime Administration (MARAD) of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The objective of the cooperative program was to identify and describe seasonal and year-to-year variations of temperature and circulation in the major current regimes of the western tropical Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and western North Atlantic, utilizing various ships as relatively inexpensive platforms for the collection of data. Annual reports encompassing the calendar year SOOP efforts have been published for 1971 through 1974 (Cook 1973, 1975, 1976; Cook and Hausknecht 1977). With the completion of this 1975 SOOP report the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) will publish all future SOOP data, beginning with January 1976, as a Data Availability Notice. The Data Availability Notice will show the monthly transect location of all SOOP runs along with an NODC access number that will allow in- terested users easier access to the SOOP data. The program, conducted in support of the Marine Resources Monitoring Assessment and Prediction Pro- gram (MARMAP) of NMFS, involved the use of maritime cadets from the Kings Point Maritime Academy to collect XBT data on board merchant ships operating along the east and Gulf coasts of the United States. Since 1970 the SOOP program has expanded to include U.S. Coast Guard cutters and university research vessels in addition to regular merchant ships. Atlantic Environmental Group. National Marine Fisheries Service. NOAA. R.R. 7A. Box 522-A. Narragansett. Kl 02882. Gulf Research and Development Co.. Houston Technical Service Center. Box :)6.i()6. Houston. TX 77036. 'I'.S. Dep, Cummer.. NOAA. Environ. Kes. Lab., Room 408. 6:i2 West 6th Ave.. Anchorage. AK 99501. Ship routes were selected to obtain regular sampling in the most dynamic areas of the Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic. The features of principal in- terest were the Yucatan Current, Loop Current, Florida Current, Gulf Stream, shelf water-slope water front, and a cold-water cell in the Middle Atlantic Bight. METHODS The SOOP effort for 1975 consisted of a total of 65 cruises: 20 merchant vessels sailing from New York, 15 merchant vessels from New Orleans, 19 Coast Guard cruises from various ports, 7 ferryboat cruises across the Gulf of Maine, and 4 cruises utilizing university research vessels. Ninety-eight transects of subsurface temperature observations £ind associated surface data were obtained. A total of 1,619 XBTs were launched; of these, 1,426 (88'^c) were considered of sufficient quality to be archived. Approximately 241 XBT drops and as- sociated surface data are not included in this repwrt because the observations were too widely separated in time and space to be formed into useful transects. All data collected were archived by the NODC and are available at the NODC, Washmgton, DC 20235. Subsurface temperature data were obtained by use of Sippican XBT systems. At the same time, surface water samples were collected with bucket thermometer units for later analysis to determine salinity. The surface water samples were analyzed on shore using an inductive salinometer calibrated with standard seawater at least once every 30 samples. The XBT traces were submitted to NODC where they were digitized, key punched, and quality controlled. Finally, these processed data were listed in printout form and machine plotted. The plots produced by NODC were essentially camera ready and needed little hand cor- recting. The few corrections necessary were caused by anomalous XBT observations that could not be sup- ported by other associated data such as sea surface temperature or nearby XB TobserNations. Consequently, a vertical section plot may have one or two missing obser- vations, resulting from the deletion of inaccurate subsur- face data. During 1975 the data collection program was expanded by the addition of the MV Hluenuse, an "auto/truck" fer- ry operated by the Canadian National Railway between Bar Harbor, Maine, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Per- sonnel from the NMF.S Atlantic Environmental Group or Northeast Fisheries Center made the observations from the M\' bluenose on a monthly basis. For purposes of consistency with this and past reports, all vertical temperature figures have been organized geographically and chronologically (Gulf of Mexico — January through December, Cape Hatteras — January through December, etc.) and included at the end of the report as appendix figures. Consequently, any particular feature being discussed first may not show up as the first figure within the appendix figures. However, at the beginning of each section that discusses a particular feature, we have listed all figures in the order in which they appear. For this report all figures have been annotated to show: shelf water-slope water front — SSF; north wall of the Gulf Stream — G.S.; anticyclonic warm core eddy — clockwise circles; cold cell — cc; current flow direction: into the page — circled X, out of the page — circled dot. RESULTS Gulf of Mexico Transects Loop Current. — The 20°C isotherm at 125 m depth has been used in the past as an indicator of the position of the left edge looking downstream of the Loop Current (Cook 1976) and was applied again in this report for con- sistency. Migrations of the Loop Current edge, along SOOP transects that passed through the Yucatan Straits, ranged from lat. 22°40'N to almost lat. 25°N. In 1975 the Loop Current was crossed on 11 occasions (see Table 1 and App. Figs. 3, 4, 6, 11, 15, 17, and 21 through 25) by SOOP vessels. In March the Loop Current was crossed twice by the Delta Sud. The two crossings of the Loop Current within 1 mo along the same transect provided the means of calculating the translational speed of the southward movement of the edge. The Delta Sud (App. Fig. 4) cros- sed the Loop Current at lat. 24°05'N and long. 86°22'W on 16 March at 0500 h. The Delta Sud (App. Fig. 6) again cros.sed the Loop ("urrent at lat. 22"40'N and long. HB"15'\V on 23 March at 2400 h. The excursion of the northern edge of the Loop Current was 80 n.mi. in 187 h, or 10.;i n.mi. /day (19.1 km/day). Low salinity surface water. — River runoff along the Gulf Coast forms a plume detectable by low surface salinities. L'tilizing 34.57„ as the cutoff between coastal and oceanic waters, it was possible to monitor the off- shore extent of these low salinity plumes which sometimes extended to well beyond the shelf break. Six crossings of low salinity water were detected by SOOP vessels in the Gulf of Mexico in 1975 (see Table 2 and App. Figs. .3, 5, 12, 14, 20, and 23). Note that the surface salinities for the Delta Morte 75-09 (App. Fig. 18) should be considered suspect (they are all <34.5/.~ while the transect is obviously in an oceanic region). They are in- cluded in this report because there is no other evidence to suggest that the values are false. Tabic -Low salinity ( <:U..5 /...) t-uastal water entuunttTtHl b> SOOP vescls in Ihe Gulf of .Mexico in !»".■>. Estimated offshore App. Cruise Station extent F.g. Ship number number Date n.mi. (Itm) :i Delta Sud 75-U2 1-2 2/9-10 130 (2401 -, Delta Sud 75-35 1-2 3/22-23 80 (148) 12 Delta Sud 75-U7 1-7 7/26-27 180(3341 14 Sea Land \'enture 75-08 1-3 8/31-9/1 60(111) 20 Sea Land \'en\ tare 75-09 1-5 9/28-29 120(222) 23 Delta ,\orte 75 -U9 17-16 10/24 150 (278) Eddies. — Analysis of the vertical sections contained in this part shows 11 crossings of eddies or meanderlike structures in the Gulf of Mexico by SOOP vessels in 1975 (see Table 3 and App. Figs. 3, 4, 7, 10-12, 14, 15, 20, and Table 3. — Kddies transected in the (iulf of Mexico b\ SOOP \csscls in 1975. Table 1. — Crossings o f the Loop Current made by SOOP vessels App. Cruise Station Diameter in 1H7.1. Fig. Ship number number Date n.mi. (km) App. Cruise Station Position 3 Delta Sud 75-02 14-22 2/9-10 A' 175(324) Fig. Ship number number Date (lat., long.) 4 7 Delta Sud Delta Norte 75-03 75-04 18-13 8-16 3/15-16 4/6 A 215(398) 3 Delta Sud 75-02 25 2/9-10 23°06'N, 87°0rW A 185 (343) 4 Delta Sud 75-03 13-12 3/15-16 24°05'N, 86°22'W 10 Delta Norte 75-04 33-27 5/11-12 A 94(174) 6 Delta Sud 75-35 13-14 3/23-24 22°40'.N.86°15'W 11 Delta Norte 75-05 10-22 5/17-18 A 230(426) 1 1 Delta Norte 75-05 27-28 5/17-18 22°.34'N, 86°26'W 12 Delta Sud 75-07 11-17 7/26-27 C-' 110 (204) 15 Delta Sud 75-09 13 9/6-7 24''07'N, SS'58'W 12 Delta Sud 75-07 17-21 7/26-27 A 95(176) 17 Delta Sud 75-09 40-39 9/11 24°13'iN.82°23'W 14 Sea Land Venture 75-08 17-24 8/31-9/1 C 150(278) 21 Delta Sud 75-10 10 10/18-19 24°56'N.89°43'W 15 Delta Sud 75-09 6-12 9/6-7 A 120(222) 22 Sea Land Venture 7509 29 10/20 26°06'N,84°53'W' 20 Sea Land Venture 75-09 12-17 9/28-29 C 110(204) 23 Deltasone 75-09 14 10/24 24°18'N,84°19'W 21 Delta Sud 75-10 5-8 10/18-19 C 105(195) 24 Delta Sud 75-10 22-23 11/23-24 24°O0'N,86°33'W 'A = anticvclonic. 25 Delta Sud 75-12 11-12 12/2-3 24°07'N.88°52'W C -cyclonic. 21). Unfortunately, the lack ofareal detail provided from a single XBT transect prevents any conclusions regarding the formation of eddies from L 700 m) than eddy 6. Eddy number 8 (App. Fig. 14) was a cyclonic eddy crossed on 1 September and was centered along this transect at station 20 (lat. 26°00'N, long. 87°23'W). Very little surface expression in both temperature and salinity showed up on the surface parameter plot. It appeared that intense stratification masked the eddy structure. The subsurface eddy structure began to show in the temperature field at a depth of about 100 m and ex- tended to more than 600 m. Eddy number 9 (App. Fig. 15) was a weak anti- cyclonic structure crossed on 6 September and was centered along this transect at station 8 (lat. 25°22'N, long. 90°17'W). No discernible change in sea surface temperature was noticed possibly because of the stratification overlying the eddy structure. Even though the eddy structure was not very dynamic, it was still pos- sible to see the bending of isotherms to below 600 m. Eddy number 10 (App. Fig, 20) was a cyclonic eddy crossed on 28 September and was centered along this transect at station 15 (lat. 26°4I'N, long. 89°12'W). A de- crease in the sea surface temperature between stations 12 and 17 indicated that this cold core eddy influenced the surface waters as well as the subsurface water. The ver- tical extent of this eddy reached > 600 m. Eddy number 11 (App. Fig. 21) was a cyclonic eddy crossed on 19 October and was centered along this transect at station 7 (lat. 25°5rN, long. 90°36'W). A slight decrease in surface salinity on the southeast edge (station 8) of the eddy was the only surface expression of the eddy's presence. The vertical temperature structure extended to > 700 m. There was no significant change in sea surface temperature in the presence of the eddy. Cape Hatteras Transects Gulf Stream. — Gulf Stream crossings were identified by the strong seaward dipping isotherms shown in the vertical temperature sections, and positions of the north wall were determined by using the 15°C isotherm at 200- m depth (Worthington 1964). In 1975 the Gulf Stream was crossed on 13 occasions (see Table 4 and App. Figs. 27, 29, 31, 33-37, 39-42, and 45) by SOOP vessels in the Cape Hatteras area. Table 4.— Gulf Stream crossings in the Cape Hatteras area by SOOP vessels in 1975. App Cruise Station Position Fig. Ship number number Date (lat., long.) 27 Santa Cruz 75-01 4-3 1/4 35°08'N, 74°52'W 29 I'SCGC Ingham 75-03 15-14/ 3-2 3/26-27 31°36'N,71°10'W/ 36°21'N,72°49'W 31 Santa Cruz 75-04 5-6 4/9-10 31°39'N, 78°42'W 33 USCGC Chase 75-06 8-9 6/15 36''2rN, 73°40'W 34 USCGC Chase 75-65 14-13 6/16 36''2rN, 73°26'W 35 Trident 75-07 16 6/24-25 37°56'N,69°53'W 36 Mormac Argo 75-09 10-9 9/8-9 37°07'N, 69°50'W 37 USCGC Taney 75-09 4-5/11 9/11-12 36°24'N. 73°17'W/ 36°4rN,71°30'W .39 Santa Cruz 75-09 3-4 9/24-25 33°04'N8 77''27'W 40 USCGC Ingham 75-10 5/11 10/2-3 36°19'N«72°58'W/ 36°58'N, 71°29'W 41 Santa Cruz 75-10 2-3 10/29-30 32°10'N, 79°14'W 42 Mormac Argo 75-10 9-10 10/31-11/1 36°22'N,68°2rW 45 Santa Cruz 75-12 13-12 12/7 35°4rN,74''26'W Comparisons between ihe SOOF transects. Gulf- stream monthly summaries (National Weather Service 1975). Experimental Gult Stream Analysis (.\-69) charts (National Environmental Satellite Service 1975), and NAV'OCEANO Experimental Ocean Frontal Analysis Charts (U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office 1975) provided a good check on the many fluctuations in the Gulf Stream position. The XBT transects and the satellite data complement each other in that the XBT data provided the needed ground truth to verify the satellite data, and the satellite data provided the necessary surface synopticity for such a large monitoring program. In addition, the XBT data provided another dimension to the monitoring network in the form of subsurface data. The subsurface data provided the means for monitoring subsurface features such as the "cold cell," the depth of anticyclonic eddies that impinged upon the continental slope and shelf, and the bottom temperatures on the continental shelf that af- fect many of the commercial finfish and shellfish species. On 15 .June the Chase (App. Fig. 33) crossed the Gulf Stream between stations 8 and 9 at about lat. 36°21'N, long. 73°40'\V. As usual an increase in the sea surface temperature was noted. An unusual subsurface feature should be noted with this figure. A "bubble" or intrusion of colder water (<8°C) appeared along the edge or north wall of the Gulf Stream at about ItX)-m depth. This could have been an example of the "calving" process men- tioned by Whitcomb (1970) where parcels of the cold cell on the continental shelf appear to break off and detach from the main body of the cold cell and How seaward off the continental shelf. In this area around Cape Hatteras three different water masses, shelf, slope, and Gulf Stream water, meet and mix (Fisher 1972). The shelf water mixes directly with Gulf Stream water and in the process pinches out the slope water. One possibility was that the Gulf Stream had moved closer to shore and impinged upon the shelf water mass where the cold cell had formed, and in turn, torn loose a piece of the cold cell and had dragged this cold parcel along the north wall of the Gulf Stream with some colder water reaching the surface. The cold fila- ment mentioned by Fisher (1972) suggests that this could be the mechanism at work here. Shoreward movement in this area of < 30 n.mi. (55.6 km) by the north wall of the Gulf Stream would be enough for the Stream influence to act upon the shelf water and cold cell. Comparing this XBT transect (App. Fig. 33) with the next (App. Fig. 34) obtained the very next day indicates that translational movements of the north wall of over 10 n.mi. /day (18.5 km/day) can occur. What we might have detected was the north wall retreating seaward dragging this parcel of cool water behind it. Examination of the NAVOCEANO Ex- perimental Ocean Frontal Analysis Charts for 9, 11. and 16 .June support the contention of a shoreward, then seaward, movement in the north wall on the order of about 10 n.mi. /day (18.5 km/day). The sharp decrease in sea surface temperature (App. Fig. 33) at the shelf water-slope water front (station 7) in- dicates that the cool filament extended from >100-m depth all the way to the surface. Another crossing of the Gulf Stream occurred along the same transect only 28 h later (App. Fig. 34). The dif- ference in positions of the north wall crossings was 12 n.mi. (22.2 km), indicating translational movement of over 10 n.mi. /day (18.5 km/day) which is the same order of magnitude for translational movements estimated in the past for both the Gulf Stream and Loop Current dis- cussed earlier. On 30 October the Santa Cruz (App. Fig. 41) made the .second of two Gulf Stream crossings south of Cape Hat- teras. The first was shown in Appendix Figure 31. As before, the north wall was so close to the shelf and the scale is so large on these vertical sections that it was dif- ficult to pinpoint the exact position. The crossing of the north wall probably occurred between stations 2 and 3 at about lat. 32°10'N and long. 79°14'W. The transition be- tween shelf water and Gulf Stream water was so abrupt that the surface parameters only indicated a gradual rise rather than a sharp step increase. The Mormac Argu (App. Fig. 42) crossed through an eddy (discussed later) before transecting the Gulf Stream between stations 10 and 11 on 31 October at about lat. 36°22'N and long. 68°21'W. The anticipated increase in surface salinity showed up on the surface parameter plot and a decrease in sea surface temperature was noted at the point of crossing. The decrease in sur- face temperature could have been a cold filament similar to those discu.ssed by Fisher (1972). The last Gulf Stream crossing in the Cape Hatteras area in 1975 was obtained by Santa Cru! (App. Fig. 45) on 7 December. Again an eddy was transected prior to the crossing, which occurred between stations 12 and 13 at about lat. 35°4rN and long. 74°26'W. On this transect the surface parameter plots of sea surface temperature and surface salinity show an almost "textbook" example of the transitions between shelf water, slope water, eddy water, Gulf Stream water, and Sargasso Sea water. Cold cell. — The formation, structure, and modifica- tion of the cold cell that exists on the Atlantic continen- tal shelf between Cape Hatteras and Cape Cod have been discussed for more than 40 yr since Bigelow (1933) to Beardsley et al. (1976). Other descriptions of the cold cell hav been given by Ketchum and Corwin (1964) and Whitcomb (1970). Less detailed descriptions utilizing only SOOP data have been given by Cook (1976) and Cook and Hausknecht (1977). .So far the concensus appears to be that the cold cell is formed from winter water on the shelf and that the cold cell persists throughout the summer months decreasing in size and extent and increasing in in situ temperature. Some evidence suggests replenishment from the north- ea.st (Beardsley et al. 1976) and that "calving" parcels of the cold cell into deeper slope water may contribute to the exchange of shelf and slope water (Wright 1976). In 1975 SOOP vessels transected the cold cell in the Cape Hatteras area on seven occasions (see Table 5 and App. Figs. 28, 32 through .34, 36, 39, and 42). Tabic 5. — Cold cell crossings in the Cape Hatterus area by SOOP vessels in 1975. App, Cruise Station Fig. Ship number number Date 28 Santa Cruz 75-02 4-5 2/19-20 :t2 Mar mac- Argu 75-03 42-28 5/8-9 :f:i ISCC;C Chase 75-06 2-7 6/15 34 ISCCC (7ia«' 7S-65 18-16 6/16 HG Mormac Argo 75-09 21-17 9/8-9 :i9 Santa Cruz 75-09 2-3 9/24-25 42 Murmai Argu 75-10 3-4 10/31-11/1 Some ot these SOOP crossings show the winter water that eventually forms the cold cell, some show calving, and some show the cold cell extending off the continental shelf. In February, the Santa Cruz (App. Fig. 28) crossed through winter water of <5°C near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. This crossing was important because it shows the coldest water crossed by SOOP vessels in the Cape Hatteras area and implies that the cold cell which was formed from this water could not be any colder than that temperature section shows. In Ma\ , the Mormac Argo (App. Fig. 32) crossed over a "double bubble" of the cold cell. The more inshore bub- ble had temperatures lower (<7°C) than that of the off- shore bubble (<8°C). Because the transect was nearly parallel to shore, the "double bubble" could be an ar- tifact of the contouring. Lobes have been detected in the shape of the cold cell, and if a transect crossed through two lobes, a "double bubble"-like feature would be in- dicated. Two transects in June (App. Figs. 33 and 34), both obtained by the USCGC Chase, showed the cold cell well developed with strong stratification above and offshore. The 15 June (App. Fig. 33) transect shows a parcel of cooler water that has "calved" off the main cold cell structure up on the shelf. Just one day later, on 16 June (App. Fig. 34), almost the same transect as on 15 June was repeated and showed the parcel of cooler water that had "calved" off earlier almost totallv mixed away. The close proximity of the north wall of the Gulf Stream to the cold cell and the cold cell parcels war- ranted a closer look at the satellite imagery in that area for that time period. Examination of the Experimental Ocean Frontal Analysis Charts produced by the Naval Oceanographic Office from 28 May through 16 June of 1975 showed a maximum movement of the north wall 30 n.mi. in 12 days or about 2.5 n. mi. /day (4.6 km/day), well within past observations of 10 n.mi. /day in the same area. At the same time the Experimental Ocean Frontal Analysis Charts showed a shoreward movement between 28 May and 4 June then seaward movement between 9 and 16 June of the north wall of the Gulf Stream. As discussed earlier in the Gulf Stream section, the translational velocities of the north wall of the Gulf Stream indicated the possibility that shoreward incur- sions of the Gulf Stream are large enough in the Cape Hatteras area to act upon the cold cell features on the shelf and possibly pull out parcels of the cold cell. In summary, we feel that the section obtained on 15 June shows the aftereffects of the shoreward, then sea- ward, movement of the north wall, where the north wall has acted as the forcing agent in breaking a piece of the cold cell off from the main body and then dragging it seaward as the north wall again moves offshore. The transects collected in September and October (App. Figs. 36, 39, and 42) show how the cold cell has eroded away throughout the summer. The lowest temperatures in the cold cell were only slightly <9°C in September and slightly <11°C in October. Shelf water-slope water front. — XBT transects were made across the shelf water-slope water front (SSF) in the Cape Hatteras area on 12 occasions during 1975 (see Table 6 and App. Figs. 27, 28, 30, 34, 36, 37, 41, 42, and 45). Determinations of frontal crossings were made on the basis of subsurface temperature gradients shown on the vertical sections with additional supporting evidence being drawn from sea surface temperature and salinity data. Table (J. -Self water-slope water front erossings in the Cape Hatteras area by SOOP vessels in 1975. Rate of temperature change across front App Cruise Station computed at maximum F.g. Ship number number Date thermal gradient 27 Santa Cruz 75-01 10-8 1/4 I'C/S.Sn.mi. (6.1km) 28 Santa Cruz 75-02 10-11 2/19-20 l°C/1.8n. mi. (3.3km) 30 Santa Cruz 75-02 18-17 3/30-31 l°C/1.3n.mi. (2.4km) 31 Santa Cruz 75-04 2-4 4/9-10 l°C/4.2n.mi. {7.8kmi 32 Mormac Argu 75-03 29-27 5/8-9 l°C/3.9n.mi. (7.2kml 33 USCGC Chase 75-06 7-8 6/15 l°C/2.8n.mi. (5.2km) 34 USCGC Chase 75-65 15-14 6/16 l°C/ln. mi. (1.9km) 36 Mormac Argo 75-09 17-16 9/8-9 l°C/13.8n. mi. (25.6km) 37 USCGC Tane\ 75-09 1-3 9/11-12 l°C/9.3n.mi. (17.2km) 41 Santa Cruz 75-10 1-2 10/29-30 l°C/10n.mi. (18.5km) 42 Mormac Argo 75-10 3-5 10/31-11/1 l°C/14.3n.mi. (26.5km) 45 Santa Cruz 75-12 21-19 12/7 l°C/8.8n.mi. (16.3km) Because the SSF is so close to shore in the Cape Hat- teras area, and many of the transects ran parallel or at highly oblique angles to the front, the position of the front is not as easily detectable as it is in the Middle Atlantic Bight (to be discussed later). However, a few good examples of the front showing how it develops through late winter and spring should be pointed out. Santa Cruz (App. Figs. 27 and 28) crossed the SSF right at Cape Hatteras where the shelf water, slope water, and Gulf Stream meet. These crossings that oc- curred in January and February, respectively, show how the thermal structure develops as the coldest months of winter progress. At this time of the year, when the shelf waters were coldest, the interaction and mixing with Gulf Stream waters created a very distinct thermal front. The Santa Cruz (App. F'ig. 30) again crossed the front just north of Cape Hatteras (between stations 17 and 18) showing a strong temperature gradient near the mixing region of the three water masses. Two crossings were obtained in September, one by the Mormac Argo (App. Fig. 36) and the other by the USCGC Taney (App. Fig. 37). At this time of year the thermal gradient was not as strong as earlier and sea sur- face salinity was the more accurate frontal indicator. Also in October the Mormac Argo (App. Fig. 42) cros- sed the SSF in the vicinity of an anticyclonic eddy. The thermal structure of the front was effectively masked by the presence of the eddy and the sea surface salinity values were essential for locating the front. In December the Santa Cruz (App. Fig. 45) crossed the SSF again in the vicinity of an eddy. Although the ther- mal structure of the front was not as disrupted as in the previous month, it was still necessary to utilize the sea surface salinity as an indicator of the frontal position. Low salinity surface water.— Utilizing water of <34.57o. as the boundary between coastal or shelf water and the more oceanic water or slope water, it was possi- ble to monitor positions of the SSF when thermal gradients were mixed or confused. When surface or sub- surtace temperature data were not available, the 34. 5%, isohaline was used to determine the SSF with con- fidence. Often when satellite imagery was poor or nonex- istent and when temperature stratification was strong, the surface salinity data was the only reliable data available for determination of the shelf water-slope water boundary. In 1975 SOOP vessels transected coastal water of <34.5%. in the Cape Hatteras area on 12 occasions (see Table 7 and App. Figs. 27, 28, 30-32, 34, 36, 37, 41, 42, 45, and 46). The data were used independently and sometimes in conjunction with sea surface temperature data to determine the exact position of the SSF. Eddies.— These XBT sections include only three crossings of Gulf Stream eddies in the Cape Hatteras area during 1975 (see Table 8 and App. Figs. 39, 42, and 45). Eddy number 1 (App. Fig. 39) was an anticyclonic eddy crossed by the Santa Cruz on 24 September and was centered along this transect at station 11 (lat. Table 7. — Low salinity (<34.5V.= ) coastal water encountered by SOOP vessels in the Cape Hatteras area in 1975. Estimated offshore App Cruise Station extent Fig. Ship number number Date n.mi. (kml 27 Santa Cruz 75-01 15-12 1/4 55(102) 28 Sanla Cruz 75-02 4-10 2/19-20 50 (93) 30 Santa Cruz 75-02 31-22 3/30-31 60(111) 31 Santa Cruz 75-04 1-2 4/9-10 20(37) 32 Mormac Argo 75-03 42-28 5/8-9 50(93) 34 LSCGC Chase 75-65 18-15 6/16 150 (278) 36 Mormac Argo 75-09 21-16 9/8-9 120(222) 37 USCGC Tane\ 75-09 1-2 9/11-12 80(148) SOOP vessels in 197.i. App. Fig. Ship Cruise Station number number Date Diameter n.mi (itm) 39 Santa Cruz 42 Mormac Argo 45 Santa Cruz 75-09 9-13 9/24-25 C 90(167) 75-10 4-7 10/31-11/1 A- 115 (213) 75-12 18-13 12/7 A 50(93) 'C=cyclonic. 'A = anlicvclonic. entrainment of shelf water by the eddy. Also, comparison of this XBT transect with the Experimental Gulf Stream Analysis N-69 for 4-6 December 1975 produced by the NESS from data obtained from the NOAA-4 satellite thermal infrared VHRR showed good agreement with regard to position and shelf water entrainment. Middle Atlantic Bight Transects The Gulf Stream crossings were determined in the same manner as discussed earlier in the Cape Hatteras section, that is, the north wall is located where the 15°C isotherm is encountered at 200 m. This location is usual- ly reflected also by increases in surface temperature and salinity. Also the same comparisons between satellite data and XBT data were made as previously discussed. Gulf Stream.— In 1975 the Gulf Stream was crossed on 13 occasions (see Table 9 and App. Figs. 47, 49, 51, 52, 58 through 64, 66, and 67) by SOOP vessels in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Table 9. Gulf Stream crossings in the Middle Atlantic Bight by SOOP vessels in 1975. Table 10.— Cold cell crossings in the Middle Atlantic Bight area by .SOOP vessels in I*(7.5. App Cruise Station Position Fig. Ship number number Date tlat., long.) 47 Murmac Argo 75-03 9-10 3/21-22 37°4rN, 70°19'W 49 Export Defender 75-04 10-11 4/27 37°45'N, 67°37'W 51 Mormac Higel 75-05 11-10 5/21-22 38°00'N, 70°58'W 52 Trident 75-06 9-10 6/9-11 37°42'N,69°09'W 58 Mormac Rigel 75-08 9 8/16-17 37°28'N,70°29'W 59 Mormac Argo 75-99 14-15 9/20-21 37°20'N, 69°32'W 60 Export Defender 75-08 16-15 10/1-2 38"'2rN,67°03'W 61 Mormac Rigel 75-10 11-12 10/11-12 37°21'N.70<'25'W 62 Export Defender 75-10 15-16 10/17-18 37°42'N.68°19'W 63 Santa Cruz 75-09 31-30 10/19-20 35''26'N, 74°43'W 64 Mormac Argo 75-99 30-29 10/22-23 37°50'N,70°27'W 66 Trident 75-12 6-5 12/9-10 38°02'N, 68°30'W 67 Export Defender 75-10 32-31 12/11-12 37°02'N,71°22'W Cold Cell. — The importance of the formation, struc- ture, and modification of the cold cell was discussed earlier in the Cape Hatteras section and will not be repeated here. In 1975 there were 15 crossings of the cold cell in the Middle Atlantic Bight by SOOP vessels (see Table 10 and App. Figs. 47, 49, 51 through 56, and 58 through 64). Some of these transects were of crossings of winter water and not the cold cell feature, but were included in the cold cell section because of the importance of the winter water to the minimum temperature of the cold cell. For purposes of discussion, nine of these observations that have occurred in the same geographic area have been grouped into one transect. This track has been designated the MORMAC transect because it is the track used by Moore McCormack Line ships and closely follows a line between New York and Bermuda (Fig. 1). Figure 1 summarizes the changes in depth and temperature that occur in the cold cell throughout the year. The cold cell ranged in depth from a minimum of 40 App. Cruise Station Fig. Ship number number Date 47 Murmac Argo 75-03 1-6 3/21-22 49 Export Defender 75-04 1 4/27 51 Mormac Rigel 75-05 20-16 5/21-22 52 Trident 75-06 30-24 6/9-11 53 Export Defender 75-04 24-20 6/17 54 Trident 75-07 3-12 6/22-23 55 LashAtlantico 75-07 2-13 7/7-8 56 Trident 75-07 36-33 7/11 58 Mormac Rigel 75-08 1-4 8/16-17 59 Mormac Argo 75-99 1-7 9/20-21 60 Export Defender 75-08 28-26 10/1-2 61 Mormac Rigel 75-10 1-4 10/11-12 62 Export Defender 75-10 2-4 10/17-18 63 Santa Cruz 75-09 43-38 10/19-20 64 Mormac Argo 75-99 40-38 10/22-23 m to a maximum of 90 m and randomly expanded and contracted its extent over the bottom. The cold cell consistently warmed throughout the spring, summer, and into early fall when the fall over- turn again began to cool the water column. The random movement of the cold cell across the bot- tom could be the aftereffect of calving or the interaction with the SSF which, in turn, was responding to Gulf Stream eddies that may have been passing through the slope water adjacent to the MORMAC transect. In March (App. Fig. 47) the winter water was <6°C between stations 1 and 6 while up on the continental shelf. In April (App. Fig. 49) the water was well mixed with temperatures <7°C on the shoreward end of the transect. The cell structure was only beginning to form at this time of the year and was evident with the slight stratification of the isotherms in the near-surface water. In May (App. Fig. 51) the cold cell was well developed. Temperatures at the bottom were still <6°C for the most part. The cell structure was on the continental shelf with a slight extension seaward over the shelf break. There were three crossings of the cold cell in June (App. Figs. 52, 53, and 54). The first occurred 11 June and showed a well-developed cold cell with minimum temperatures slightly <7°C. The cold cell was well defined because of the strong stratification above and seaward of the cell. The second crossing occurred on 17 June at a more oblique angle to the cell structure, hence the exaggerated cell-like structure in Appendix Figure 53. At this time, the minimum temperature was still slightly <7°C, but there was an increase in temperature at the bottom between stations 22 and 23 which might be accounted for by an intrusion of warmer water from the shoreward side of the cell structure or just the angle at which the cell was transected, possibly along a lobe or meander of the cell. The third crossing occurred on 22 June and was a much more detailed transect. In this transect the entire cell structure has not been transected, but rather only the main core of the cold cell containing the minimum temperature. In this transect, as with the 100 90 80 - „ 70 - — ■ 60 - ^ 50 - h- Q. iLi 40 — Q 30 20 10 0 ro C£fJT€fi Of COLD C£LL . h'l. MIN APP SHIP MONTH TEMP FIG U/M ARGO MARCH <6" 47 U/U RtGEL MAY <6- 51 R/V TRIDENT JUNE <7- 52 M/M RIGEL AUGUST <8" 58 M/M ARGO SEPT <9' 59 EXPORT DEFENDER OCT <\0' ^0' 60 M/M RIGEL OCT 61 EXPORT DEFENDER OCT OCT 50-m depth and indicating a flow out of the Gulf. Another thermal gradient existed between stations 1 and 4 indicating a flow into the Gulf from off the Scotian shelf, which is consistent with past observations (McLellan 1954), and is considered to be a mixture of St. Lawrence, Scotian shelf water, and surface slope water. The minimum temperature observed along this transect (App. Fig. 76) was <4''C and occurred as an intrusion at depth and can be attributed to Scotian shelf water influence. Earlier in the year the Scotian shelf water influence was much more evident (App. Fig. 74). A tongue of 2°C water at about 50-m depth extended the whole length of the transect as far south as lat. 42°27'N and long. 65°49'W. At the most northern end of the transect (lat. 43°24'N, long. 64°06'W), i^C water was also becoming evident. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is extended to the Maritime Academy Training representatives T. Hannigan and A. Findley in New York, N.Y., and L. Heroy in New Orleans, La. Their diligent efforts to place midshipmen on board ships that were scheduled to traverse preselected oceanic areas were instrumental to the success of this program. Also, thanks is extended to H. 0. Travis and the National Maritime Research Center for their continuing support of the SOOP effort. In addition, thanks are extended to the Moore McCormack Lines, American Export Lines, and Grace-Prudential Lines of New York and the Delta Steamship Company and Sea Land Shipping Lines of New Orleans. Finally, appreciation is accorded to the Marine Service Branch, Commander Atlantic Area, U.S. Coast Guard, for making possible the utilization of the many Coast Guard ships in support of the SOOP pro- gram. Because this is the last of these SOOP reports to be published by NMFS, it is appropriate to acknowledge all the people involved with preparation of this and past SOOP reports. Appreciation for the many typings of the many manuscripts is given to Gertrude Kavanagh, Jen- nie Dunnington, Judy Cichy, Lynn Howell, and Susan Burkhardt. Deep and imbuing gratitude to Lianne Armstrong for her many hours of layout and drafting ser- vices patiently provided over the years. Approbation is also given to Reed Armstrong for his assistance and detailed examination of many of the Gulf of Mexico transects. LITERATURE CITED BEARDSLEY, R. C. W. C. BOICOURT. and D. V. HANSEN. 1976. Physical oceanngraphy of the Middle Atlantic Bight. In M. G. Gross (editor), Middle Atlantic continental shelf and the New York Bight, p. 20-34. Am. Soc. Liranol. OceanoKr. Symposia, Vol. 2. BIGELOW, H. B. 193.1. Studies of the waters on the continental shelf. Cape Cod to Chesapeake Bay. 1. The cycle of temperature. Mass. Inst. Tech- nol. and Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst.. Pap. Phys. Oceanogr. Meteorol. 2(4), 13.') p. B1S.\GNI. .J, J. 1976. Passage of anticyclonic Gulf Stream eddies through Deep- water Dumpsite 106 during 1974 and 1975. NOAA Dumpsite Evaluation Report 76-1, 39 p. CHAMBERLIN. J. L.. J. J. KOSMARK. and S. K. COOK. 1978. Initiation of monthly temperature transects across the north- ern Gulf of Maine. In J. R. Goulet, Jr. and E. U. Haynes (editors). Ocean variability: Effects on U.S. marine fisheries resources - 1975. p. 257-269. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circular 416. COLTON. J. B., Jr., and R. R. STODDARD. 1973. Bottom-water temperatures on the continental shelf. Nova Scotia to New Jersey. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS CIRC-376. 55 p. COOK. S. K. 1973. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program for 1971. U.S. Dep. Commer.. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Data Rep. 81, 132 p. 1975. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the NMF.S/MARAD Ship of Opportunity program for 1972. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-692, 81 p. 1976. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity program for 1973. U.S. Dep. Commer.. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-700, 13 p. COOK, S. K., and K. A. HAUSKNECHT. 1977. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity program for 1974. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-709, 45 p. FISHER. A., Jr. 1972. Entrainment of shelf water by the Gulf Stream northeast of Cape Hatteras. J. Geophys. Res. 77:3248-3255. KETCHUM. B. H., and N. CORWIN. 1964. The persistence of "winter" water on the continental shelf south of Long Island. New York. Limnol. Oceanogr. 9:467-475. McLELLAN. H. J. 1954. Temperature-salinity relations and mixing on the Scotian Shelf. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 11:419-430. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SERVICE. 1975. Experimental Gulf Stream Analysis Charts (N-69). U.S. Dep. Commer., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. 1975. Gulfstream, Vol. 1 (No. 1-12). U.S. Dep. Commer., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. U.S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE. 1975. Experimental Ocean Frontal Analysis Charts. Wash.. D.C. WHITCOMB, V. L. 1970. Oceanography of the mid-Atlantic Bight in support of ICNAF. September-December 1967. U.S. Coast Guard Ocean- ogr. Rep. 35, 157 p. WORTHINGTON. L. V. 1964. Anomalous conditions in the Slope Water area in 1959. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 21:327-333. WRIGHT, W. R. 1976. The limits of shelf water south of Cape Cod. 1941 to 1972. J. Mar. Res. 34:1-14. 11 GULF OF MEXICO TRANSECTS DISTANCE (N. MlLESI-» 2\ PPRflMETER BT SURFfiCE 50 _ - 100 120. mo. 37. 36. :; UD. 160. CRUISE TRfiCK PLOT 100 _ i" 200 400 500 500 _ 700 _ 800 _ 100 _200 _3D0 MOO 500 600 _ 700 800 0. 20. MO. 60. 80. 100. 120. mO. 160. DELTq SUO 7501 mS552l 1/1/75 - 1/2/75 STATIONS 1-6 Appendix Figure I.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ('/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C') in the upper 200 and SOO m. Delta Sud—i-2 January 1975. 12 OlSTDNCe IN, MlLfSl* PSHflMETEfl fli SUflFflCE CnUlSE TBOCK PLOT OELin SUD 7501 CgSSSSI 1/2/75 - 1/2/75 5TBT10K5 7-10 Appendix Figure 2.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ('/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud—2 January' 1975. 13 OlSIONCE CH. NILtSi* 70. mo. 210. 280. 3S0. 120. i)90. 560. 630. PflflflMETER 01 SURFOCE 0. 70. 110. 210. 280. 350. 120. 130. 560. 630. OELTn 5U0-7502 11150291 2/03/75 - 2/10/75 TiIOTICNS l-?7 C1UI5E IRPCK PLOT Appendix Figure 3.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7„) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud— 9-10 February 1975. 14 DISTANCE (N. MILESI* T 100. 200. 300. PflRflMETER PT SURFACE 30.00 MOO. 500. _ 50 _ _ 100 200 _ 150 ® o _ 100 8-200 _400 500 _600 _ 700 800 0. 100. 200. 300. MOO. 500. 600. 700. 800. DELTA 5UD 7503(45028) 3/15/75 - 3/16/75 STATIONS 18-1 Appendix Figure 4. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface s distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 8(K) m. Delta Sud— 15-16 Mi CRUISE TRACK PLOT ilinity (V..) rch 197.i. and vertical 15 DISTANCE (N. MILESI-* 24 23 S= 22 21 20. HO. 50. 80 PflRflMETER RT SURFACE 1 [ r 100. 120. 110. 160. 180. _ 50 _ 100 _ 150 20. 40. 60. 80. _S0 100 _ 150 200 100. 120. 140. 160. 180. CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. 20. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. 140. 150. 180. DELTA SUO 7535(450301 3/22/75 - 3/23/75 STATIONS 1-5 Appendix Figure 5.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature ( (") and sea surface salinity (" ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 21KI and SOU m. Delta Sud— 22-23 March 197.5. 16 OISTPNCE IN. MlLESl-* 25 5 25 _ uo. 21 0. 30. 50. 90. 120. PRRflMETER AT SURFfiCE 210. 50 _ 100 _ ISO _ 200 100 _ 200 300 _ 400 _ 500 600 _ _50 _ 100 200 180. 210. 240. 700 800 100 _200 400 _500 600 700 800 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. 240. DELTR SUD 7535 146030) 3/23/75 - 3/24/75 STfiTIONS 7-14 .Appendix FiKure 6.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ( ' ) and vertical distribution of temperature (C) in the upper 200 and 8(KI m. Delta Sud— 2.'i-24 March I97.">. 17 OISTONCE IM. HILESI* pnRnncTER ni suhfuce 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. JIO. S40. OELin NORTE 750i( IH69«91 11/6/75 - y/6/75 SlflllONS 6-16 CnulSE TROCK PLOT Appendix Figure 7.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ( ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and SOO m. Delta .Vorte— 6 April l»7.i. 18 DISTPNCE IN. MILESl* 5 25 _ T to. 80. PRRHMETEfl AT SURFPCE "T — 120. .140. .30- 160. 200. 240. 280. _ 50 _ 100 _ 150 CRUISE TflSCK PLOT 100 MOO _ BOO _ 700 100 200 _ 300 MOO _500 600 700 0. 40. 80. 120. 160. 200. 2M0. 280. OELTfl 5UD 7535^60301 4/26/75 - 4/27/75 5TPTI0NS 27 - IS Appendix Figure 8.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°0 and sea surface salinity (7 ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta i'ud— 26-27 .\pril l'J75. 19 DISTfiNCE (N. MILESl* 30 I- 29 _ 28 _ 27 20. MO. 50. 80. PRRPMETER RT SURFACE 120. mo. 160. _ 50 _ 100 _ 150 _ „..__ _ 100 150 200 100. 120. mo. ISO. CRUISE TflfiCK PLOT 100 _ 200 300 _ 400 500 _ 600 _ 700 _ "0 _ 100 _200 _300 _U00 _500 700 800 I I I I I I I 0. 20. W. 50. 80. 100. 120. 140. 150. DELTA NORTE 7504 1469491 5/10/75 - 5/11/75 STATIONS 18-26 Appendix Figure 9. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (^C) and sea surface salinity (V,.) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and SOO m. Delta iVorfe— 10-11 May 197.i. 20 OISTRNCE IN. MlLESl* 5 27 _ 26 37. 20. 40. PflRflMETER AT SUflFflCE r 120. 36. 140. 50 _ - 100 _ 150 _ 200 100 _ 200 400 700 800 _50 _ 100 200 100 200 _ 300 400 500 _600 700 800 CRUISE TRRCK PLOT 0. 20. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. 140. DELTfi NORTE 7504 1469491 5/11/75 - 5/12/75 STATIONS 34 - 27 -Appendix Figure 10. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature {'O and sea surface salinit.v {'! ) and vertical distribution of temperature (C) in the upper 20(1 and WIO m. Delta Norte— 11-12 May 197.5. 21 DISTONCE IN. nILESI* 80. 160. ano. PBHRMEIEH 01 SURFflCC ® 0 80. 160. 2W. 3aO. qOO. 180. 560. 6M0. OELIS NOHIE 7505 1174901 STdTIONS 1-30 5/17/75 - 5/18/75 1 A\ \ -^».^<^ \ r ?. CRUISE TRBCK PLOT Appendix Figure 1 1. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (C) and sea surface salinit.v (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature ("D in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta ^'o^te— 17-IH Ma.v 1975. 22 DISTRNCE IN. MILESI* 50. 100. 15G. PPHOMETER fiT SURFfiCE O ®g) o 0. 50. 100. ISO. ?00. ?50. 300. 3S0. 400. M50. OELIO 5U0 7S07 (494?9t STATIONS 1-21 T/2e/lS 'T?l/T=, CnuISE TBOCK PLOT Appendix Figure 12. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud— 26-27 July 1975. 23 OlSTfiNCE (N. MILES1+ 28 T 20. 140. 60. 80 PfiRflMETER AT SURFPCE 100. - 100 _ ISO _ 500 _ 700 _ _S0 _ 100 _ 100 _ 300 _500 CBUISE TRBCK PLOT 0. 20. MO. 60. 80. 100. 120. 110. 160. 180. SSNTfl CRUZ 75081494291 5TBTI0N5 1-6 8/15/75 - 8/16/75 Appendix Figure 13.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°0) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°(') in the upper 200 and 800 m. Santa Cruz— 1.5-16 August 1975. 24 D15IBNCE. (N. M]LE5) + PflRflMETfR fll ^,URFSCE: O ® CRUISE TRRCK PLOT SEfl LfiNO VENTURE 7508 l^9^93l 5TflTiaN5 1-25 9/31/75 - 9/1/75 Appendix Figure 14. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature <°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Sea Land Venture— 31 August-1 September 1973. 25 DISTANCE IN. MILESl* n 1 1 r 120. ISO. 180. 210. 210. 270. PflBflMETEn 01 SUBFOCE O 0 CRUISE TflRCK PLOT DELTA SUO 7509 i49S6e) STATIONS 1-13 9/6/7S - 9/7/75 Appendix Figure 15.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud— 6-7 September 1975. 26 DISTANCE (N. MILES)* 30 29 _ 30. 50. 90. PflRflMETER BT SURFflCE 120. 180. _ 50 200 100 300 600 30. 60. 90. 120. OELTfl SUD TSOgi^gSSB) STRTIONS 14 _ 100 _ ISO 200 _ 300 iJOO _500 700 ISO. ISO. 210. 23 9/7/75 - 9/7/75 CHUJSE TRACK PLOT .Appendix Figure 16. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature CO and sea surface salinity ( / ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud—1 September 197.^>. 27 DinnKCE IN. nlLESI-* .7 _^^ a. "1 1 1 1 1 ISO. 200. 250. 300. 350. lOO. PRHflHEIER ni SUflFRCE DELTA SUO 7509 m9S68l STATIONS Hl-27 9/U/75 - 9/11/75 CBUISE TRUCK PLOT Appendix Figure 17.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7.) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud—\\ September 197.i. 28 DISTANCE IN. MILES!-* 29 _ 28 _ uj 27 60. 90. .32. iS O 180. 210. PflRRMETER HT SURFRCE _ SO - 100 _ ISO _ CRUISE IRBCK PLOT 300 _ soo _ 700 _ _700 0- 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. DELTA NORTE 7509 149527) STATIONS 1-9 9/20/75 - 9/20/75 Appendix Figure 18. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinit.v (V ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sorte— 20 September 1975. 29 DISTfiNCE IN. MILES)* 30 26 .37. .36. ~1 I I 1 1 \ 1 1 50. 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. HOO. ^50. PHRflMETER AT SURFfiCE 35. _ 50 _||. in * '■ 100 200 100 !^ 200 300 MOO 500 _ 600 _ 700 _ 800 _ 100 _ 150 200 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. MOO. M50. 100 300 MOO 500 _ 600 _700 SOO I I I I I I I 0. 50. SEA LAND VENTURE 7508(M9M931 STATIONS M3 - 27 9/23/75 - 9/24/ 75 CRUISE TRfiCK PLOT Appendix Figure 19.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°(') and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and XOO m. .S>o Land Venture— 23-24 .September 197.i. 30 DISTANCE IN. MILESI* ~i : ' \ 1 ! mo. 2\0. !m. 350. MJO. M90. 560. PORfiMETEfl AT SJREfiCE 26 \ J Cfli'ISE TPOCf PI 01 SEB LPNO VENTURE 75091495081 STRTIDN^ 1 - ?4 9/?g/75 - 9/23/^^. Appendix Figure 20.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7.) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Sea Land Venture— 28-29 September 1975. 31 OlSTRNCE (H. MILESI-* PflflflMEIER AT SURFACE o no. BO. 120. 160. 200. 240. 280. DELTA SUD 7510 (M9615I srfiT]0NS4-14 10/16/75 - 10/19/75 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 21.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature {°C) and sea surface salinity (7==) and vertical distribution of temperature CO in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud— 18-19 October 1975. 32 DISTANCE IN. M1LESI-* 28 27 60. 90. PflRHMETER AT 5URFRCE T 120 r 150. 180. 210. 37. 36. _ 240. _ 50 _ - 100 150 _ 200 T" 100 200 .200 .300 .400 . 500 _ 600 .700 .800 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. 240. SEA lAND VENTURE 7509(495081 STHIiriMS 32 - ?S in,?0/75 - 10/20/75 Appendix Figure 22.— Horiamtal distribution of sea surface temperature CO and sea surface salinity (/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Sea Land Venture— 20 October 1975. 33 DISTflNCE (N. MILES)* 28 _ 27 _ 30. 60. 90 PRRflMETER BT SURFACE 100 _ 300 _ SOO __ _2D0 _U00 _ 700 BOO SO. 90. 120. ISO. 180. 210. DELTR NORTE 7509(495271 STATIONS 17-10 10/2M/7S - I0/21J/75 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 23.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (V..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Norte— 2i October 1975. 34 DISTANCE IN. MlLESl-» 28 27 _ 25 _ 25 20. MO. 60 PRRHMETER AT SURFACE 100. 120. mo. 50 _ 100 150 100 _ 150 200 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 100 200 300 400 500 _ 600 _ 700 800 _ 100 _200 300 MOO 500 _600 800 0. 20. no. 60. 80. 100. 120. mo. DELTA SUO 7510 1496151 STATIONS 2M-19 11/23/75-11/24/75 Appendix Figure 24.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ('/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud— 23-2* November 1975. 35 OISTRNCE IN. HILESI* 50. 100. ISO, JOO. PBRflMEIEfl 01 5URrnCE *_* *_,..fr. , 200 _ 300 _M00 _ 500 SO. 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. DELIB 5UD 75121507151 SlflliONS B-18 1 2/2/75- 1 2/3/75 T 400. CnUISE THRCK PLOT Appendix Figure 25.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of tem- perature CC) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud—2-3 December 1975. 36 DISTANCE IN. MILES)* 27 37. 25 30. 60. 90. 120. PHRflMETER HT SURFACE 100 200 _ 50 100 150 200 210. 240. CRUISE TRUCK PLOT 100 200 300 MOO 500 _ 600 _ 700 _ 100 200 300 _600 _700 800 0. 30. 50. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. 240. OELTR NORTE 7512 (500591 STATIONS 9-1 12/5/75-12/6/75 Apiiendix Figure 26.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ('/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Norte — 5-6 December 1975. 37 CAPE HATTERAS TRANSECTS DISTANCE IN. MILES)* 24 20 _ IB 12 0. MO. 80. 120. 150. PflRfiMETER AT SURFfiCE 200. 240. 280. 320. _ 50 - 100 _ 150 _ 240. 280. SSF 100 _ 200 _ 300 * 400 _ 600 700 _ 800 100 150 _ 100 _ 300 400 500 _600 _. 700 800 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. 40. 80. 120. 160. 200. 240. 280. 320. SfiNIfl CRUZ 7501145529) 1/4/75 - 1/4/75 STATIONS 15-1 Appendix Figure 27.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (V..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Santa Cruz — 4 January 1975. 38 DISTANCE (N. MILESI* .37. .36. .35. .3M. .33. .32. .31 . .30. .29. 28. .27. 60. 90. 120. PflRflMETER fiT SURFACE 2M0. 270. CRUISE TRRCK PLOT 50 0. 30. 50. 90. 120. ISO. 180. 210. 2M0. 270. SBNTfi CRUZ 7502m57551 2/19/75 - 2/20/75 SflTBIONS 4-16 Appendix Figure 28. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°0 and sea surface salinity (7., ) and vertical distribution of temperature (^C) in the upper 2.5 and .50 m. Santa Cruz — 19-20 February 197.5. 39 0IST9NCE IN. MILESl* 0. 10. 80. 120. PflRBMETER AT SURFACE 37. 36. 35. 160. 200. 2M0. 280. - 50 _ 100 >" 100 _ 200 _ 300 MOO _50 .200 . 300 . MOO ] \ 1 1 1 1 0. 40. 80. 120. 160. 200. 240. 280. INGMflM 7503 1457581 3/26/7S - 3/27/75 STATIONS 21-1 .500 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 29.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ("/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 100 and 500 m. Ingham— 2(i-2' March 197."). 40 DiSTPNCE IN. MILE5)-f 30. BO. 90 PflHSMETER AT SURFRCE 120. 35. 34. - 180. 210. SSF 500 500 _ 700 _200 _ 300 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. SfiNIfi CHUZ 7502(457551 3/30/75 - 3/31/75 STflTIONS 31-17 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 30. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 50 and 700 m. Santa Cruz— 30-31 March 1975. 41 OISTRNCE (N. MILESI + 50. 100. 150. PflRflMETER BT SURFPCE HO. .30. CRUISE TRACK PLOT 50. 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. MOO. 5RNTP CRUZ 75014 1458021 4/9/75 - M/lO/75 STfiTlONS 1-16 Appendix Figure .'U. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature CCl and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Santa Crui— 9-10 April 197.5. 42 DISTHNCE (N. MILES)-* 28 120. 180. 240. PRRRMETER RT SURFACE U20. .40. .30. IZ -20. 480. CRUISE TRACK PLOT _ 100 _200 300 _400 500 500 0. 60. 120. 180. 240. 300. 360. 420. 480. MORMAC ARCO 7503(45805) STATIONS 42-22 5/8/75-5/9/75 Appendix Figure 32.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature ("O and sea surface salinity ('/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Delta Sud — 2 January 1975. 43 DISTANCE (N. MILES)* 0. 30. 60. 90. PflRflMETER AT SURFACE 120. 150. 180. 210. 50 "1 100 _ t 200 _ 300 400 _ 500 COLD CELL SSF 100 _200 300 UOO CRUISE TRRCK PLOT 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. CHASE 750614591471 6/15/75 - 6/15/75 STATIONS 1-14 Appendix Figure 33.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (V. ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 50 and .500 m. Chase— 15 June 1975. 44 DISTRNCE IN. MILESI+ 30 28 22 20 80. 120. PflRflMETER RT SURFACE MO. -35. 30. 280. 2? 100 200 300 MOO _ 100 200 _ 300 _400 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. MO. 80. 120. 160. 200. 2M0. 280. CHASE 756S IM69M8I B/16/75 - 6/16/75 STATIONS 18-1 Appendix Figure 34. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ('/..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 50 and 500 m. Chase — 16 June 1975. 45 OISIBNCE IN. nlLESI-f PflRRMETER fiT SUnFfiCE 0 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. 20. HO. 60. 80. 100. 120. 110. TRIOENT 7507 l«9l|321 STBTIONS 13-23 6/2H/75 - 6/25/75 .Appendix Figure 3.i. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinit.s' ( ) and \ertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 2IKI and SOU m. Trident —24-2'^ June 197.5. 46 DISTHNCE IN. MILES)* 60. 120. 180. 240. PBRHMETEfl AT SURFfiCE 300. 360. 120. 1)80. 5H0. 0. 60. 120. 180. 2M0. 300 NORMHC BRCO 7509 m9U30) STATIONS 21 1 r 360. 1420. k80. 510. CRUISE TRACK PLOT 9/8/75 -9/9/75 Appendix Figure 36.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°0 and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Mormac /Ir^o— 8-9 September 197.'>. 47 OlSIRNCE (N. MILESI* ,,-^ 80. 120. PHRRMETER flT SURFPCE 150. 200. _36. - o .3M. 280. - 50 150. 200. 240. 260. SSF o 1" 100 _ ;t 200 _ 300 MOO 500 _ 100 _ 300 500 0. 40. 80. 120. ISO. 200. 240. 280. TflNET 7509(494871 STRTIONS 1-lS 9/11/75 - 9/12/75 CRUISE TRRCK PLOT Appendix Figure .37.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature CO and sea surface salinity ('/„) and vertical distribution of temperature ("C) in the upper 10(1 and .51X1 m. 7"anej — 1 1-12 September 1975. 48 DISTANCE IN. MILESI+ 30 29 _ 28 27 37. 36. Z 35. UOO. PflRflMETER fiT SURFfiCE ^ fm-i- ± i i__jaja± ± ^ >*^ j«^ ± i '^ -^ ^ 50 = 100 150 200 100 150 CRUISE TRRCK PLOT * 400 _,, 500 _ 600 _ 50. n \ T" 100. 150. 200. 300. 100 .200 ,300 . 400 .500 .500 . 700 .800 250. 300. 350. UOO. SHNTfl CRUZ 7508 1494291 STATIONS 24-7 9/13/75-9/14/75 Appendix Figure .38.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature CO in the upper 200 and SOO m. Santa Cruz— 13-14 September 197.'>. 49 DISTANCE (N. HILESl-f 29 28 tr 27 _ 26 _ 25 1 \ 1 1 r 50. 120. 180. 240. 300. PRRRHETER RT SURFRCE 360. 420. M80. 540. 50 100 150 200 100 200 400 600 _ 700 800 800 CRUISE TRRCK PLOT 0. 50. 5RNTR CRUZ 7509 149489) STATION 1-23 9/24/75 - 9/25/75 .-Xppendix Figure 39. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ( / ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and HOO m. Santa Cruz— 24-2.'> September 1975. 50 DISTANCE (N. MILESI* .37. .36. .35. 30. 60. 90. 120. PRRHMETER RT SURFACE 270. 100 100 (8) o 0 p* 1" 100 _ 200 _ WO _ 100 _ 300 . MOO 1 \ 1 \ I I I I 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. 2M0. 270. INGHAM 7510(495091 STATIONS I-IH 10/2/75 - 10/3/75 500 CRUISE TRACK PLOT .Appendix Figure 40.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinit.v (V..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 100 and 500 m. Ingham— 2-^ October 197.'i. SI OISTRNCE (N. MILES)* 28 n 1 r~ 180. 240. 300. I 360. .38. .37. .36. .35. .3^. .33. .32. .31. _30. _29. 28. 27. 420. U80. 5M0. PHRRMETER AT SURFfiCE _ 50 _ - 100 150 _ _50 SSF \® 100 200 300 _ 400 _ 500 _ 600 100 _200 700 _ 500 _600 _700 800 I I I I I I I I 0. 60. SflNTP CRUZ 7510 (496171 STATIONS 1-17 10/29/75 - 10/30/75 ''y OGS \17 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 41. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature ("(') and sea surface salinity ( / ) and vertical distribution of temperature ( 'C) in the upper 20(1 and MOO m. Santa Cruz — 2H-."tO October 1975. 52 DlitSNCt IN. nILESI* PBRBMtlEd RI -ilJHrHCE 100. ISO. ?aO. ?50. 300. 350. '100. MORnsr. qnco 7sio m96i?i 5IBI10N5 1 16 10/31/75 - 11/1/75 £ 1 SSF J ■*• *, 16 CRUISE IflBCK PLOT Appendix Figure 42. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (V,.,.) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 2(HI and SOU m. Mormac Arifo—.W October-1 November I'JT.S. r,:i DISTRNCE (N. MILESI-» 21 _ 20 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. PflRflMETER AT SURFACE T 70. 100 _ t 200 '■100 soo „ 100 200 _ 300 r 0. 10. 20. 30. IJO. 50. 60. 70. SO. 90. 100. IflNfr 75m (M9518I "TflilONS 1-6 11/14/75 - ll/UI/77 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 43.— Horizontal distribution or sea surface temperature (°0 and sea surface salinity C ) and vertical distribution of temperature ( (') in the upper I(K» and .lOO m. Taney — 14 November 197.^. 54 DISTANCE (N. MILESl-£> • 18 0 ' ' UJ 1 16 _| (X a: UJ 15 Q_ T. UJ 13 T "T" 20. 10. 20. 30. 4 PfiRFlMETER fiT SURFfiCE 50. 50. ~1 \ 70. 80. 90. 50 100 0. 90. CRUISE TRACK PLOT <" 100 _ 200 _ 300 _ UOO _ 100 _200 300 uoo 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. TflNET 7510 (49618) STBTIONS 11-7 12/5/75-12/6/75 Appendix Figure 44.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinit.v (7.) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C> in the upper lUO and 500 m. Taney— 5-6 December 1975. 55 OlSTRNCE (N. MILES1 + .37. .36. .35. .34. .33. 50. 100. 150. 200. PfiflflMETER RT SURFfiCE _ 50 _ 100 _ ISO _. 200 CRUISE TRRCK PLOT IssfI® 00 Itl 200 _ _ 100 _ 300 _400 _500 600 SRNTfl CRUZ 7512 ^96191 STATIONS 22-1 12/7/75 - 12/7/75 .Appendix KiKure l.i. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature CC) and sea surface salinity t ) and \ertical distribution of temperature (C) in the upper 20(1 and HdO m. Santa Cruz— 7 December 197.5. 56 DISTANCE (N. MILESl* 30. 60. PflRflMETEfl ST 5URFRCE 100 _50 180. CRUISE TRUCK PLOT <{! 100 200 _ 300 _ 400 _ 500 _ IOC 200 _ 300 _ 1400 500 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. TFINET 75121503121 STATIONS 1 - 10 12/27/75 - 12/27/75 Appendix Figure 46.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature <°C) in the upper 100 and 500 m. Taney— 27 December 1975. MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT TRANSECTS DlSTfiNCE (N. MILESI-* 1 1 T" mo. 210. 280. PPRflMETER RT SURFACE M20. .40. .30. 560. jLji >n* -i * _ 100 ^.^ SSF A CRUISE TRACK PLOT MORMflC flflCO 7503(458061 3/21/75 - 3/22/75 STATIONS 1-21 Appendix Figure 47. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (f land sea surface salinity (7 ) and vertical distribution of temperature (C) in the upper 200 and XOO m. Mormac Argo— 21-22 March 1975. 58 DISTRNCE (N. MILES)* 16 .40. PfiRflMETER AT SURFACE _ 50 _50 150 _ 150 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. 240. 2 ■" 100 _ t 200 _ 100 _200 _ 300 _400 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. 240. 270. EVERGREEN 7504 1458051 4/3/75 - 4/S/7S STATIONS 1-21 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 48.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinit.v (1 and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 500 m. Evergreen— ^■!> April 19".i. 59 OISIONCE IN. HILESI* J 2" S 21 o ^ 18 _ a IS _ i 12 - /: /^ J /' .35. .31. .33. .32. o z cc in O 1 1 1 1 I I 1 EO. 120. 180. 2^o. 300. 360. 120. 180. PflRBHEIEH 01 subfuce . 5 5- 60. 120. 180. 2110. 300. 360. 120. "180. EXPORT DEFENOEH TSOIIIVISm 1/27/75 - k/27/75 5TflI10N5 1-17 CRU15E TBfiCK PLOT Appendix Kigure 49. — Horizontal distribution of sea .surface temperature ( C) and sea surface salinity (V ) and vertical distribution of temperature CO in the upper 20(1 and Ml(( m. Export Defender— 21 April 197.i. 60 DISTANCE (N. MILESl-K 60. 90. PflRflMETER AT SURFACE 120. 150. I 180. MO. .30. 240. 50 _ - 100 _ ISO 200 Jk n ■tj> ■*■ ji^O _ 100 5SF 'C 100 i: 200 _ 300 400 100 200 ^ 300 _1400 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 500 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. ISO. 180. 210. 240. EVERGREEN 7504 1458051 4/28/75 - 4/29/75 STATIONS 43-22 Appendix Figure 50.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinit.v ( /..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 500 m. £rer^een— 28-29 April 1975. 61 DISTRNCE IN. MILES)* « o — o — •— © — o— «— © — I — 50. 100. 150. 200. PBRBMETER BT SUHFflCE AO. .30. Z .20. 1400. 450. 50 - 100 150 200 _50 _ 100 150 100 _ 200 300 _. 600 700 _ 100 _200 _500 _ 600 _ 700 SSF ) rGS CRUISE TRfiCK PLOT 200. 250. 300. 350. MOO. 450. MORMflC flIGEL 7505 1465371 5/21/75 - 5/22/75 STATIONS 20-1 Appendix Figure .51. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity C' .) and vertical distri- bution of temperature CO in the upper 200 and MOO m. Mormac Rigel — 21-22 May li)7.'). 62 DISTRNCE IN. MILE5I-* qO. 80. 120. 160. 200. 240. 280. PRRflMETER HT SURFRCE _ 50 150 200 "1 I r 120. 150. 200. 240. 280. 320. 150 200 c i ® 0 100 600 100 200 _ 300 500 -500 40. 80. IRIOENT 75061469521 6/9/75 - 6/11/75 5IflT10N5 30-1 ' SSF AY S ^cs CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 52. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°0 and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°0 in the upper 200 and 800 m. Tridenl— 9-11 June 1975. 63 OISTBNCE (N. MILES)* 40. 80. IJO. PBRfinETER RT SUBFRCE 200. 2c.j*LaA.i*^*iA*_-^^..J| 1*^j 60. 122. IBO, J10. 300. 360. H20. 160. LflSn nlLdNTlCO 7S07m9il21)l STATIONS 1-21 7/7/75 - 7/8/75 -JJ 7 + CBU:5E IBflCK PLOT S S F .Appendix Figure .i.t. —Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature {"O and sea surface salinity ('1 and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 2(1(1 and S(») m. Lash Atlantico—7->i July 1975. 66 DISTBNCE IN. MILESI* PflRRMETER FIT SURFfiCE 32. CRUISE TRACK PLOT COLD CELL 50 _ 100 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. GO. 70. TRIDENT 7507 (4911321 STRTIONS 37-33 7/11/75 - 7/11/75 Appendix Figure 56.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 50 and 100 m. Trident— 1\ July 1975. 67 OISTBNCE IN. MILES)* 16 37. 36. 35. 3U. 33. .32. 31. 30. 320. PflRfiMETEB ST SURffiCE CRUISE TRBCK PLOT 0. kO. 80. 120. 160. 200. ZtO. 280. 320. LHSH HILHNTICO 7507 H1911211) STATIONS 40-28 8/8/75-8/9/75 Apppndix Figure Ij7.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature ("O and sea surface salinit.v (7 ) and vertical distribution of temperature ( '(") in the upper 200 and 800 m. Lash /l((an(ico— S-9 August 197.i. 68 DISTRNCE (N. MILESl-t> 50. 100. 150. 200. PFIRflMETER RT SURFfiCE 250. 300. 350. IJOO. 100 200 ! -100 . 200 . 100 .500 .600 . 700 .800 0. 50. 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. 400. MORMflC RIGEL 7508(49488) STBTIONS 1-13 8/15/75 - 8/17/75 i 6S r CRUISE TRfiCK PLOT Appendix Figure 58. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7.,.) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Mormac Rigel—\6-\7 August 1S75. 69 DISTANCE (N. MILES)* 60. 120. 180. 240. 300. 360. 420. 480. 540. PfififlMETER AT SURFACE _ 50 _ _ 100 150 200 120. 180. 240. 300. 360. 420. 480. 540. c c SSF o i^ 200 _ 100 200 _300 L4OO 500 _600 700 800 0. 60. 120. 180. 240. 300. 360. 420. 480. 540. MORHflC flRGO 7539(494941 STPTI0N5 1-23 9/20/75 - 9/21/75 SSF f, <::. CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure .')9. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C'l and sea surface salinity (7. ) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 2011 and SOd m. Mormac .4r^o— 2(1-21 September 197.1. OISTPNCE IN. MlLESl* 1 \ I 1 1 \ 1 120. 180. 240. 300. 360. 420. 480. 540. SO. PflRflMETER fiT SURFRCE 50 _ 150 200 100 200 _ 300 ^ * '^00 _ 500 _ 600 _ 700 300 SSF 4 6S CRUISE TRRCK PLOT 50. 120. 180. 240. 300. 360. 420. 480. 540. EXPORT DEFENOER 7508(495691 STATIONS 28-8 10/1/75-10/2/755 Appendix Figure GO.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°0 and sea surface salinity (*/..) and vertical distribution of temperature ( C") in the upper 2tHI and HOtl m. Export Defender— 1-2 October 197.i. DISTANCE (N. HILES:-» 180. 270. PHRflMETER HI SURFACE r 360. 50 100 150 200 '_ 100 200 _ 300 _ UOO 500 __ 600 700 aoo 100 200 300 400 _500 _600 700 800 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. 90. Iv HSO. 540. 630. 720. MORMflC RtCEL 7510{ll954m STATIONS 1-27 10/11/75 - 10/12/75 Appendix Figure 61. — Horizontal distribution of sea surrace temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ('/,.) and vertical distribution of temperature ( (') in the upper 200 and SOO m. Mormac Rigel—W-Vl October 1975. DISTANCE IN. MlLESI-» 28 .38. 37 ° .36. 2 >- .35. tZ z .33. O .32. 120. 180. 2H0. PRRRMETER AT SURFfiCE 300. 360. 480. 5M0. _ 50 _ 100 _ _ 100 _ 150 200 100 _ i^ 200 _ 300 _ MOO _ 600 _ _ 100 200 300 -lOO 500 _600 700 '"^A SF jy^ GS CRUISE TRACK PLOT 800 EXPORT DEFENOER 7510 (M9616I STATIONS 1-23 10/17/75 - 10/18/75 Appendix Figure 62. — Horizontal distribution of sch surface temperature CO and sea surface salinity (7) and vertical distribution of temperature ( t') in the upper 2(10 and HOd m. Export Defender~\l-W October 197.i. 7:? DISTPNCE IN. MILESI-» 60. 120. 180. 2140. PBRflMETER RT SURFACE _ 100 150 200 _ 100 200 300 _400 500 _600 _ 700 800 60. 120. 180. 240. 300. 360. 120. 480. SflNTfl CRUZ 7509(494891 STRTIQNS 45-24 10/19/75-10/20/75 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 6.-}. Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C1 and sea surface salinity (7. ) and vertical distribution of temperature ( C) in the upper 20(1 and MMI m. .Santa Crui — 19-20 October I97.i. 74 DISTRNCE (U. MILESI-f> 0. 50. 100. ISO. PflRfiMETER HT SURFRCE 200. 250. 300. 30 „ 350. 100 ISO _ 200 100 150 •^ I Ill's) 0 100 200 500 _ 600 __ 700 _ 800 r 300. 800 ISO. 200. 250. 300. 350. MORMRC BRGO 7599 (UeiiSm STATIONS 12-211 10/22/75-10/23/75 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Figure 64.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Mormac Argo— 22-23 October 1975. 75 OlSTfiNCE (N. MILESI* 36. 30. 60. 90. PflRflMETER HT SURFRCE 120. 150. 180. 210. 50 200 _ 300 _ 400 _ 500 _50 100 _200 400 Q. 30. 60. 90. 120. ISO. 180. 210. 6188 7512 (496211 STATIONS 1-12 12/5/75 - 12/5/75 CRUISE TRACK PLOT Appendix Fiffure 65.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity ('/..) and vertical distribution of temperature {'O in the upper 10(1 and .Wd m. Bibb— 5 December 197.'). DISTANCE IN. MILES)-* i|0. 80. 120. ISO. 200. 2M0. PflRFlMETER AT SURFACE 37. -36. o o 35. ^ _34. 2 _i CL in 33. O 32. 280. 320. 50 100 200 100 300 500 700 _t 800 100 _ ISO _ 100 200 _300 500 _ 600 _ 700 ^^"^ / ^w? ^=^ / ■^X/^ 7 ( ^ 9 SSF f ^ V°^ CRUISE TRACK PLOT 0. HO. eO. 120. 150. 200. 240. 280. 320. TRIDENT 7512 149620) STATIONS 1-29 12/9/75 - 12/10/75 Appendix Figure 66. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. 7>«fene— 9-10 December 1975. 77 DISTANCE (N. MILES)-I> 50. 100. 150. 200. PflRRMETER RT SURFACE 250. 300. 350. MOO. _ 50 - 100 _ 150 _ 200 100 _ ^ 200 _ 300 100 _ 500 _ 600 700 _ 800 .50 , 100 _ 150 .200 _ 100 _200 _300 400 _500 _6D0 700 800 CRUISE TRACK PLOT 50. 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. ijOO. EXPORT DEFENDER 7510 (496161 STATIONS 1414-24 12/11/75-12/12/75 Appendix FiKure 67. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7.) and vertical distribution of temperature (^C) in the upper 200 and 800 m. Export Defender — 11-12 December 1975. DISTHNCE (N. MILESI-* 36. MO. 50 PHRflMETER HT SURFACE 33. 50 100 200 _ 300 _ 400 _ 500 r 120. 100 _200 300 400 500 ^ / 7 ( 21 Y SSF CRUISE TRfiCK PLOT 0. 20. 40. SO. 80. 100. 120. 140. BIBB 7512 (49621) STRTIONS 21-13 12/27/75-12/28/75 Appendix Figure 68.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7.) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 100 and .500 m. Bibb— 27-28 December 197.i. 79 GULF OF MAINE TRANSECTS DISIRNCE IN. HILESI* PBRBHETEfl BT SUflFBCE 200 _ 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. 2U0. CHBSE 7502 I1S733I 2/27/75 - 2/28/75 5TRTI0NS 1-15 CBUISE IRflCK PLOT Appendix Figure 69. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinit.v ( / ) and vertical distribution of temperature (C) in the upper 100 and 300 m. Cftusc— 27-28 February 1975. 80 DISTfiNCE IN. MILESI+ % 1 - 1 r 160. 210. 0. 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. ISO. JIO. 240. CHASE 7503 l4S73m STBTIONS 15 - 1 3/15/75 - 3/15/75 CRUISE TBfiCK PLOT Appendix Figure 70.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 100 and 300 m. Chose— 15 March 1975. 81 OISIflNCE IN. MILES)* 120. 150. 16Q. JIO. 240. PBRHMEIEH BT SURFACE CRUISE TRHCK PLOT 0. 30. 60. aU. 120. 150. IBO. 210. 240. HflHILION 7504 1465401 4.'14/75 - 4.'14.'75 STnTIONS 1M2 .Appendix Figure 71. — Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (%=) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 50 and 250 m. Hamilton — 14 April 1975. 82 DI5IHNCE (N. nil tl! » pnnqMEiEB ni surfhce 180. 210. ^ 100 _ 1- ^00 _ 30. 60. 90. 120. 150. 180. 210. OUHNE 7S05IM69S11 5TPII0N5 1-13 5/20/75-5/20/75 CRUISE IHflCK PLOI Appendix Figure 72.— Horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (°C) and sea surface salinity (7..) and vertical distribution of temperature (°C) in the upper 50 and 400 m. Duane— 20 May 1975. 83 DlSTfiNCE (N. MILES)-* UO. 80. 120. PRRfiMETER BT SURFRCE 160. 200. 240. 280. 50 l>l publication can b* obtained tnm: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INFORMATION CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 6009 Executive Boulevard Rockvllle, MD 20652