729 ( ' J .r* ^>Kt^' °"^o, .M. O \ .<^^ NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-729 References for the Identification of Marine Invertebrates on the Southern Atlantic Coast of the United States Richard E. Dowds April 1979 \Mr. If"^?? Biological Laboratory/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MAY 6 1996 Woods Hole, MA 02543 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atnnospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report — Fisheries The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery' resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing gr()unds. development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off I'nited States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery- agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report— Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS. or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from D82.5, Technical Information Division. Environmental Science Information Center. NOAA. Washington, D.C. 20235. Recent SSRFs are; 649. Distribution of forage of skipjack tuna {Euthynnus pelamis) in the eastern tropical Pacific. By Maurice Blackburn and Michael Laurs. January 1972. iii + 16 p., 7 figs.. 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. (lovernment Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 661, A review of the literature on the development of skipjack tuna fisheries in the central and western Pacific Ocean, By Frank J, Hester and Tamio Otsu, January 1973. iii + 13 p.. 1 fig. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U,S, Government Printing Office, Washinglon, D.C. 20402. 6.50. Effects of some antioxidants and EDTA on the development of ran- cidity in Spanish mackerel {Scumberomorus maculatus) during frozen storage. By Robert N. Farragut. February 1972. iv + 12 p.. 6 figs., 12 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 651. The effect of premorlem stress, holding temperatures, and freezing on the biochemistry and quality of skipjack tuna. By Ladell Crawford. April 1972. iii + 23 p.. 3 figs., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U,S, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 653. The use of electricity in conjunction with a 12.5-meter (Headropel Gulf -of. Mexico shrimp trawl in Lake Michigan, By James E. Ellis. March 1972. iv + 10 p.. 1 1 figs., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 6,54. An electric detector system for recovering internally tagged menhaden, genus Hreifntrtia. By R. 0. Parker, Jr. February 1972. iii + 7 p.. 3 figs.. 1 app. table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402. 655. Immobilization of fingerling salmon and trout by decompression. By Doyle F. Sutherland. March 1972. iii + 7 p., 3 figs., 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC. 20402. 6.56. The calico scallop. Ar^opecten f;ihhus. By Donald M. Allen and T. J. Coslello. May 1972. iii -I- 19 p.. 9 figs., 1 tabje. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 662. Seasonal distribution of tunas and billfishes in the Atlantic. By John P. Wise and Charles W. Davis. .lanuary 1973. iv + 24 p., 13 figs., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 663. Fish larvae collected from the northeastern Pacific Ocean and Puget Sound during April and May 1967. By Kenneth D. Waldron. December 1972. iii + 16 p.. 2 figs.. 1 table. 4 app. tables. For sale by the .Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 664. Tagging and tag-recovery experiments with Atlantic menhaden, Hrevoortia t\rannus. By Richard L. Kroger and Robert L. Dryfoos. December 1972, iv ■!■ 11 p.. 4 figs.. 12 tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S, Government Printing Office, Washington. D,C. 20402. 665. Larval fish survey of Humbolt Bay. California. By Maxwell B. Eldrige and Charles F. Bryan. December 1972. iii -I- 8 p.. 8 figs., 1 table. For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 666. Distribution and relative abundance of fishes in Newport River. North Carolina. By William R. Turner and George N. Johnscm. September 1973. iv + 23 p.. 1 fig,. 13 tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 667. An analysis of the commercial lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery along the coast of Maine. August 1966 through December 1970. By •lames C. Thomas. June 1973. v + .57 p.. 18 figs.. 11 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D,C. 20402. 657. Making fish protein concentrates by enzymatic hydrolysis. A status report on research and some processes and products studied by NMFS, By Malcolm B. Hale, November 1972, v -I- 32 p.. 15 figs., 17 tables. 1 app. table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402, 6,58, List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. By Jay C, Quasi and Elizabeth L. Hall. July 1972. iv -1- 47 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, II. S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. 20402. 659. The Southeast Fisheries Center bionumeric code. Part I; Fishes. By Harvey R, Bulbs. Jr.. Richard B Roe. and .ludith C. Gatlin. July 1972. xl -t- 95 p.. 2 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 660. A freshwater fish electro-motivator (FFEM)its characteristics and operation. B>' James E. Ellis and Charles C. Hoopes, November 1972, iii + II p., 2 figs. 668. .An annotated bibliography of the cunner. Tauto^olahrus adspersus (Wilbaum). By Fredric M. Serchuk and David W. Frame. May 1973, ii + 43 p. For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents. L'.S. Government Printing Office. Wasbingtim. D.C. 20402. 669. Subpoint prediction for direct readout meterological satellites. By L. E. Eber. August 1973. iii + 7 p.. 2 figs.. 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. C.overnment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 670. Unharvested fishes in the U.S. commercial fishery of western Lake Eric in 1969, By Harry D. Van Meter. July 1973. iii + 11 p., 6 figs.. 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 671. Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America. 1946-71. By Andrew Bakun. June 1973. iv + 103 p.. 6 figs., 3 tables, 45 app. figs. For sale by the Su|)erintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. DC. 20402, I'nnlimicd on inside hack cover NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-729 ,^0 MMOSP^^ '""mW^^ '''" References for the Identification of Marine Invertebrates on the Southern Atlantic Coast of the United States Richard E. Dowds April 1979 >Ai ^^iVf Biological Laboratory/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( ih- — ,. MAY 6 1996 Woods Hole, MA 02543 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary National Oceanic and Atnnospheric Administration Richard A. Frank, Administrator Terry L. Leitzeii, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries National Marine Fisheries Service Kor Sale by the Superintendent o( Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington. D.C 20402 - Stock No. 003-017-00454-6 The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Introduction 1 Invertebrates - General 2 Ecological information 3 General 3 Benthos and the sargassum community 3 Plankton 4 Phylum Porifera 5 Phylum Cnidaria 5 Classes Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa 5 Class Anthozoa 6 Phylum Ctenophora 7 Phylum Platyhelminthes 7 Class Turbellaria 7 Class Trematoda 8 Class Cestoda 9 Phylum Nemertea 9 Phylum Gnathostomulida 9 Phylum Gastrotricha 9 Phylum Nematoda 10 Phylum Nematomorpha 10 Phylum Kinorhyncha 11 Phylum Rotifera 11 Phylum Acanthocephala 11 Phylum Annelida 11 Class Polychaeta 13 Class Myzostomaria 13 Class Archiannelida 13 Class Oligochaeta 13 Class Hirudinea 13 Phylum Sipuncula 13 Phylum Echiura 14 Phylum MoUusca 14 General 14 Class Gastropoda 15 Class Scaphopoda 16 Class Aplacophora 17 Class Polyplacophora 17 Class Pelecypoda 17 Class Cephalopoda 18 Phylum Arthropoda 18 Class Pycnogonida 18 Class Merostomata 19 Classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda 19 Class Arachnida 19 Class Insecta 19 Class Crustacea 20 Subclass Branchiopoda 20 Subclass Cephalocarida 20 Subclass Mystacocarida 20 Subclass Ostracoda 20 Subclass Copepoda 21 Subclass Branchiura 23 Subclass Cirripedia 23 Subclass Malacostraca 23 Superorder Peracarida 23 Order Mysidacea 23 Order Isopoda 24 Order Cumacea 24 Order Amphipoda 25 Order Tanaidacea 25 Superorder Hoplocarida 25 Superorder Eucarida 25 Order Euphausiacea 25 Order Decapoda 26 Phylum Pogonophora 27 Phylum Priapulida 27 Phylum Tardigrada 27 Phylum Entoprocta 28 Phylum Ectoprocta 28 Phylum Brachiopoda 28 Phylum Phoronida 28 Phylum Echinodermata 29 Phylum Chaetognatha 30 Phylum Hemichordata 30 Phylum Chordata 30 Subphylum Cephalochordata 30 Subphylum Urochordata 31 Author index 32 Systematic index 36 References for the Identification of Marine Invertebrates on the Southern Atlantic Coast of the United States RICHARD E. DOWDS' ABSTRACT This collection of 63S citations provides an entry to the taxonomic literature on invertebrates of the continental shell and estuaries from the Chesapeake Bay to northeastern Florida. Many of the citations are annotated and most include a list of North Carolina libraries in which they can be found. Author and systematic indices are provided. INTRODUCTION This biblioftraphy has been compiled to provide an entry to the taxonomic literature on invertebrates ot the continental shelf and estuaries from Chesapeake Bay to northeastern Florida. I have emphasized summary works covering large groups; the bibliographies of such works will lead one to the more specialized and detailed literature of those groups. Ecological material has been included when it seemed particularly valuable. I recognize that, even within these limitations, this com- pilation is incomplete; useful works may have been over- looked and new ones are continually being published. In many cases the citation is followed by a list of North Carolina libraries in which it can be found. For books, these listings are complete only for the libraries of the University of North Carolina, Zoology Department, Chapel Hill, and the Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City. For journals, however, I have been able to record the holdings of the libraries listed below thanks to two invaluable publications: Littleton, I. T., and G. W. Houser (editors). 1967. North Carolina Union List of Scientific Serials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and Moreland, M. C. (editor). 1973. Marine literature: Serial publications in libraries of the coastal plains region, Part II: North Carolina, Coastal Plains Center for Marine Development Services, Wilmington. Libraries UNC-ZOOL UNC-MAIN Zoology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill L. R. Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Carolina. Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City. NC 285.57, and Department of Zoology, Chapel Hill. NC 2751-4; present address; 24 Briarwood Trail. Weymouth, MA 02188. IMS Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Morehead City DUKE-BIOL Biology-Forestry Library, Duke University. Durham DUML Duke University Marine Labora- tory, Beaufort NCSU D. H. Hill Library, North Caro- lina State University, Raleigh NMFS National Marine Fisheries Ser- vice Laboratory, Beaufort ALL refers to all of the above libraries. Occasionally I have included other libraries in the listings, namely: UNC-BOT Botany Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC-GEOL Geology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC-HEALTH Health Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill DUKE-GEN W. R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham DUKE-MED Medical Center Library, Duke University, Durham UNC-WILM University of North Carolina at Wilmington. The work of compiling this list of references has been aided by the efforts of many people. Numerous references have been obtained from earlier lists compiled by the Duke University Marine Laboratory and Deborah M. Dexter and from several of the books listed under Invertebrates - General. References, advice, and clerical help have been contributed by Lawrence Burns, A. F. Chestnut, Michael Crezee, Patricia Finn, Richard S. Fox, Thomas H. Fox, Stephen L. Gardiner, Jeffrey D. Green, J. Thompson Hunter, Charles E. Jenner, Eric Lindgren, David Nixon, Hugh J. Porter, Frank J. Schwartz, Sarah G. Tomlinson, S. Ann Watkins, Austin B. WilHams, and W Herbert Wilson. INVERTEBRATES - GENERAL CARRIKER, M. R., coordinator. Marine tlora and fauna of the northeastern United States. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. A series of pictoral keys being published in the National Marine Fisheries Service Circulars. Only a few issues have been completed but many more are anticipated. They cover the region from Maine to Virginia but many should have utility further south.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Guide to identification of marine and es- tuarine invertebrates, Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., 693 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUML. Although its il- lustrations could be better and many southern species are not included, it should be useful for non- specialists. The extensive keys are particularly valuable for determining higher level taxa.) HULINGS, N. C. (editor). 1971. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Meiofauna. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 76, 205 p. (UNC-ZOOL, NMFS. Contains much systematic and ecological information con- cerning animals which live among sand grains. Some individual papers are listed elsewhere in this bibliography.) HULINGS, N. C, and J. S. GRAY. 1971. A manual for the study of meio- fauna. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 78, 84 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, NMFS. Techniques for collection and preservation with some references to systematic papers.) KIRBY-SMITH, W. W., and I. E. GRAY. 1971. A checklist of common marine animals of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke Univ. Mar. Lab., Mimeogr., 33 p. (DUML. Common in- vertebrates listed by habitat.) McERLEAN, A. J., C. KERBY, and M. L. WASS (editors). 1972. Biota of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci. 13 Suppl.:Sl-Sl97, (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN. Summaries of the taxonomic and ecological knowledge of groups found in Chesapeake Bay with discussion of biological criteria for assessing environmental change. Neither species descriptions nor keys are in- cluded, but these can be found in some of the references cited. Some individual papers are listed elsewhere in this bibliography.) MINER, R. W. 1950. Field book of seashore life. G. P. Putnam's Sons, N.Y., 888 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUML. Coverage extends only to Cape Hatteras and in- cludes only common species. Some systematic nomenclature is out of date. No keys are provided. In spite of these shortcomings, the wide scope and good drawings make it useful for inexperienced students.) PRATT, H. S. 1935. A manual of the common invertebrate animals (exclusive of insects). McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N.Y., 854 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Short descriptions of taxa from phylum to species, and keys to taxa from class to family or genus. Emphasis is on species from eastern United States. Some nomenclature is out of date.) SMITH, R. I. (editor). 1964. Keys to marine invertebrates of the Woods Hole Region. Syst.-Ecol. Prog., Mar. Biol. Lab., Woods Hole, Mass., 208 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS. Does not include many southern species, but is useful for higher level taxa. Quality of chapters variable.) WASS, M. L. (editor). 1972. A check-list of the biota of lower Chesapeake Bay with inclusions from the upper bay and the Virginia Sea. Va. Inst. Mar. Sci., Spec. Sci. Rep. 65, 290 p. (IMS. Includes a bibliography.) The following works are useful for placing an unknown planktonic animal in the proper higher level group (phylum, class, order). References in the phylum listings are usually necessary for identification to lower levels. DAVIS, C. C. 1955. The marine and fresh-water plankton. Michigan State Univ. Press, East Lansing, 562 p. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Contains keys to phyla and some lower taxa, and illustrations of representatives of many groups.) JOHNSTONE, J., A. SCOTT, and H. C. CHADWICK. 1924. The marine plankton. University Press, Liverpool, 194 p. (DUKE-BIOL. Of some value although most species are British.) NEWELL, G. E., and R. C. NEWELL. 196 3. Marine plankton: a practical guide. Hutchinson Educational Ltd., Lond., 207 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Short descriptions and illustra- tions, but no keys, of British species. Useful for determining higher level taxa.) VANNUCCI, M. 1959. Catalogue of marine larvae. No. 1. Foreward, the concept of larva, the fundamental types of lar- vae. Inst. Oceanogr., Univ. Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 44 p. (The first number in a series that is intended eventually to provide descriptions and illustrations of all species of marine larvae. This general introduction has descriptions and il- lustrations of the major kinds of larvae.) WICKSTEAD, J. H. 1965. An introduction to the study of tropical plankton. Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., Lond., 160 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Contains short descriptions and illustrations of representatives of many groups, but no keys.) ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION General CARRIKER, M. R. 1950. A preliminary list of the literature on the ecology of the estuaries, with emphasis on the middle Atlantic coast of the United States. Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, Mimeogr., 52 p. HEDGPETH, J. W. (editor). 1957. Treatise on marine ecology and paleoecology. I. Ecology. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 67, 1296 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-GEN. Contains a wealth of diverse information in- cluding short annotated bibliographies of major groups.) LIVINGSTONE, R., JR. 1965. A preliminary bibliography with KWIC in- dex on the ecology of estuaries and coastal areas of the eastern United States. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 507, 352 p. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) ODUM, H. T., B. J. COPELAND, and E. A. Mc- MAHAN (editors). 1974. Coastal ecological systems of the United States. Conservation Foundation, Washington, D.C., 4 vols. (Descriptions of marine and es- tuarine ecosystems in all parts of the United States. The thoroughness of chapters is variable.) PEARSE, A. S. 1936. Estuarine animals at Beaufort, North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 52:174- 222. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS. List of species with distribution information.) Benthos and the Sargassum Community ADAMS, J. A. 1960. A contribution to the biology and postlarval development of the sargassum fish, Histrio histrio (Linnaeus), with a discussion of the Sargassum complex. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 10:55- 82. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Includes a list of invertebrates associated with Sargassum.) BISHOP, S. H. 1960. Outer banks benthic fauna of the tidal flats in Pamlico Sound, N.C. M.A. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 103 p. BOESCH. D. F. 1972. Species diversity of marine macrobenthos in the Virginia area. Chesapeake Sci. 13:206- 211. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) BRETT, C. E. 1963. Relationships between marine invertebrate infauna distribution and sediment type distribu- tion in Bogue Sound, North Carolina. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 202 p. (UNC-GEOL, IMS.) CAIN, T. D. 1972. Additional epifauna of a reef off North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 88:79- 82. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL.) CALDER, D. R., and M. L. BREHMER. 1967. Seasonal occurrence of epifauna on test pan- els in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Int. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 1:149-164. (NCSU, NMFS, UNC- WILM.) CERAME-VIVAS, M. J., and I. E. GRAY. 1966. The distribution pattern of benthic in- vertebrates of the continental shelf off North Carolina. Ecology 47:260-270. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes a list of species and analysis of their distributions.) CORY, R. L. 1967. Epifauna of the Patuxent River estuary, Maryland, for 1963 and 1964. Chesapeake Sci. 8:71-89. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) DAY, J. H., J. G. FIELD, and M. P. MONTGOMERY. 1971. The use of numerical methods to determine the distribution of benthic fauna across the con- tinental shelf of North Carolina. J. Anim. Ecol. 40:93-125. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) DEXTER, D. M. 1969. Structure of an intertidal sandy-beach com- munity in North Carolina. Chesapeake Sci. 10:93-98. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Discusses diversity and niches of the six most abundant species.) DORJES, J. 1972. Georgia coastal region, Sapelo Island, U.S.A.: VII. Distribution and zonation of macrobenthic animals. Senckenb. Marit. 4:183- 216. (Results of a survey along three transects extending from the beach about 15 km seaward.) FENCHEL, T. M., and R. J. RIEDL. 1970. The sulfide system: a new biotic community underneath the oxidized layer of marine sand bot- toms. Mar. Biol. 7:255-268. (ALL except UNC- MAIN and DUKE-BIOL.) FREY, D. G. 1946. Oyster bars of the Potomac River. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 32, 93 p. (NMFS. Lists common marine invertebrates.) FREY, R. W., and J. D. HOWARD. 1969. A profile of biogenic sedimentary structures in a Holocene barrier island-salt marsh complex, Georgia. Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. 19:427-444. (UNC-GEOL, NCSU. Surveys bur- rowing animals in marine habitats around Sapelo Island.) HACKETT. H. E. 1963. A preliminary list of the organisms of the pelagic sargassum complex. Mimeogr., 4 p. (DUML-Ref. Museum.) MARSH, G. A. 1973. The Zostera epifaunal community in the York River, Virginia. Chesapeake Sci. 14:87- 97. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Lists species in order of abundance and discusses affinity, diver- sity, periodicity, and trophic relationships.) McCLOSKEY. L. R.' 1970. The dynamics ot the community associated with a marine scleractinian coral. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 55:13-81. (NCSU, DUKE- BIOL, UNC-ZOOL, DUML. Includes a list of animals in the community.) McDOUGALL, K. D. 1943. Sessile marine invertebrates of Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecol. Monogr. 13:321- 374. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Concerns settling rales, growth, and seasonal fluctuations of fouling organisms.) MENZIES, R. J., O. H. PILKEY, B. W. BLACKWELDER, D. DEXTER, P. HULING, and L. McCLOSKEY. 1966. A submerged reef off North Carolina. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 51:393-431. (NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, UNC-ZOOL, DUML. Includes lists of species, underwater photographs, hydro- graphy, and sediment information.) MENZIES, R. J., and R. D. TURNER. 1957. The distribution and importance of marine wood borers in the United States. Am. Soc. Test. Mater., Spec. Tech. Publ. 200:3-21. (NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) PATTON, W. K. 1972. Studies on the animal symbionts of the gorgonian coral, Leptogurgia virgulata (Lamarck). Bull. Mar. Sci. 22:419-431. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) PEARSE, A. S. 1947. On the occurrence of ectoconsortes on marine animals at Beaufort, N.C. J. Parasitol. 33:453- 458. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU, IMS- Repr., DUML.) PEARSE, A. S., H. J. HUMM, and G. W. WHARTON. 1942. Ecology of sand beaches at Beaufort, N.C. Ecol. Monogr. 12:136-190. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Lists species in various habitats and discusses seasonal progres- sion and adaptations to beach life.) PEARSE, A. S., and L. G. WILLIAMS. 1951. The biota of the reefs off the Carolinas. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 67:133-161. (ALL ex- cept UNC-ZOOL, IMS. A list of species.) SCHWARTZ, F. J., and H. .J. PORTER. 1977. Fishes, macroinvertebrates, and their ecological interrelationships with a calico scallop bed off North Carolina. Fish. Bull., U.S. 75:427- 446. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes a list of species with their .seasonal abundance.) STEPHENSON, T. A., and A. STEPHENSON. 1952. Life between tide-marks in North America, II. Northern Florida and the Carolinas, J. Ecol. 40:1-49. (UNC-BOT, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) SUTCLIFFE, W. H. 1947. Animals associated with marine algae on the jetty of Cape Lookout, North Carolina. M.A. Thesis, Duke Univ.. Durham, 26 p. (DUKE- BIOL.) SUTHERLAND, J. P., and R. H. KARLSON. 1973. Succession and seasonal progression in the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. In Proceedings of the Third Inter- national Congress on Marine Corrosion and Foul- ing, p. 906-929. Northwestern Univ. Press, Evanston. SWEDMARK, B. 1964. The interstitial fauna of marine sand. Biol. Rev. (Camb.) 39:1-42. (ALL except UNC- MAIN.) TENORE, K. R. 1972. Macrobenthos of the Pamlico River estuary. North Carolina. Ecol. Monogr. 42:51-69. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. See UNC Water Resour. Res. Inst. Rep. 40 for a longer account of this work.) VERNBERG, F. J., and W. B. VERNBERG. 1970. Lethal limits and the zoogeography of the faunal assemblages of coastal Carolina waters. Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 6:26-32. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and DUKE-BIOL. Determined in the lab, the upper and lower lethal thermal limits of species from the Gulf Stream and inshore waters off Cape Hatteras.) WELLS, H. W. 1961. The fauna of oyster beds, with special reference to the salinity factor. Ecol. Monogr. 31:239-266. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Lists 303 species and relates their distribution to physical factors. Salinity tolerances of 20 species were determined in the laboratory.) WELLS, H. W., M. J. WELLS, and I. E. GRAY. 1964. The calico scallop community in North Carolina. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 14:561- 593. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes a list of species and discussion of geographical distribu- tion and reproductive condition.) WIRTENSON, M. E. 1964. Epifaunal associations on living bay scallops from North Carolina. M.A. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 103 p. (DUKE-BIOL.) Plankton COWLES, R. P. 1930. A biological study of the olfshore waters of Chesapeake Bay. U.S. Bur. Fish.. Bull. 46:277- 381. (UNC-ZOOL.) CRONIN. L. E., J. C. DAIBER, and E. M. HULBERT. 1962. Quantitative seasonal aspects of zooplank- ton in the Delaware River estuary. Chesapeake Sci. 3:63-93. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Discus- ses occurrence of major species.) DEEVEY, G. B. 1960. The zooplankton of the surface waters of the Delaware Bay region. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect., Yale Univ. 17(2):5-53. (IMS, UNC- ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NMFS.) GRICE, G. D., and A. D. HART. 1962. The abundance, seasonal occurrence and dis- tribution of the epizooplankton between New York and Bermuda. Ecol. Monogr. 32:287- 309. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) HERMAN, S. S., J. A. MIHURSKY, and A. J. McERLEAN. 1968. Zooplankton and environmental characteristics of the Patuxent River estuary 1963-1965. Chesapeake Sci. 9:67-82. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN.) McCRARY, A. B. 1969. The seasonal distribution of zooplankton in Wrightsville Sound. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 126 p. (UNC-ZOOL, UNC-MAIN.) SUTCLIFFE, W. H. 1950. A qualitative and quantitative study of the surface zooplankton at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ph.D. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 137 p. (DUKE-BIOL, DUML, IMS.) PHYLUM PORIFERA BURTON, M. 1963. A revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond., 693 p. (DUML. Rather unorthodox; see Hartman's [1964| criticism of this paper below.) de LAUBENFELS, M. W. 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 467; also Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pap. Tor- tugas Lab. 30, 225 p. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) 1947. Ecology of the sponges of a brackish water environment at Beaufort, N. C. Ecol. Monogr. 17:31-46. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE- BIOL. Describes and illustrates the spicules of five common species.) 1953. Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 2:511-557. (ALL except NMFS and UNC-MAIN. A list of species with col- lection and taxonomic notes. Eleven new species described.) GEORGE, W. C, and H. V. WILSON. 1919. Sponges of Beaufort (N. C.) Harbor and vicinity. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 36:129- 179. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Family and species descriptions, photographs. See Wells et al. 1960, below, for an updating of species names.) HARTMAN, W. D. 1958. Natural history of the marine sponges of southern New England. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist., Yale Univ., Bull. 12, 155 p. (IMS, UNC- MAIN, DUKE-BIOL.) 1964. Taxonomy of calcareous sponges. Science (Wash.,D.C.) 144:711-712. (ALL except DUML. A review of Burton 1963, above.) HECHTEL, G. L. 1965. A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist., Yale Univ., Bull. 20, 103 p. (IMS, UNC-MAIN, DUKE-BIOL.) HOPKINS, S. H. 1962. Distribution of species of Cliona (boring sponge) on the eastern shore of Virginia in relation to salinity. Chesapeake Sci. 3:121-124. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) OLD, M. C. 1941. The taxonomy and distribution of the boring sponges (Clionidae) along the Atlantic coast of North America. Chesapeake Biol. Lab. Publ. 44, 30 p. (DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) WELLS, H. W. 1959. Boring sponges (Clionidae) of Newport River, North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 75:168-173. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL.) WELLS, H. W., M. J. WELLS, and I. E. GRAY. 1960. Marine sponges of North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 76:200-245. (ALL ex- cept UNC-ZOOL. Together with the key listed next, most useful and very comprehensive.) 1961. Supplement to 'Marine sponges of North Carolina' with special application to the Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina. (Four page key to North Carolina sponges, privately published.) 1964. Ecology of sponges in Hatteras Harbor, North Carolina. Ecology 45:752-767. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN. Reports patterns of settling, growth, gemmule formation and disappearance, and relates them to water temperature.) PHYLUM CNIDARIA Classes HYDROZOA and SCYPHOZOA ALLWEIN, J. 1967. North American hydromedusae from Beaufort, North Carolina. Vidensk. Medd. Dan. Naturhist. Foren. 130:117-136. (NCSU, DUKE- BIOL. Lists 55 species with their distributions and provides descriptions of 9 species, 4 of them new.) BIGELOW, H. B. 1918. Some medusae and siphonophorae from the western Atlantic. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Har- vard Coll. 62:365-442. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE- BIOL.) C ALDER, D. R. 1971. Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Va. Inst. Mar. Sci., Spec. Pap. Mar. Sci. 1, 125 p. 1971. Nematocysts of polyps of Aure/Ja, Chrysaora, and Cyanea, and their utility in iden- tification. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 90:269- 274. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) 1972. Cnidaria of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci. 13 Suppl.:S100-Sl02. (ALL ex- cept IMS and UNC-MAIN.) CALDER, D. R., H. N. CONES, and E. B. JOSEPH. 1971. Bibliography on the Scyphozoa with selected references on Hydrozoa and Anthozoa. Va. Inst. Mar. Sci., Spec. Sci. Rep. 59, 142 p. (IMS, DUML, NMFS. Worldwide coverage of many aspects of scyphozoan research.) CARGO, D. G., and L. P. SCHULTZ. 1967. Further observations on the biology of the sea nettle and jellyfishes in Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci. 8:209-220. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) CLAUSEN, C. 1971. Interstitial Cnidaria: Present status of their systematics and ecology. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 1-8 (see Invertebrates - General). CONES, H. N., JR., and D. S. HAVEN. 1969. Distribution of Chrysaora quinquecirrha in the York River. Chesapeake Sci. 10:75- 84. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) FRASER, CM. 1910. Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 30:337- 387. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN. Includes species descriptions and keys.) 1937. Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, 207 p. (DUML. Good illustrations; has many east coast genera.) 1944. Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 p. 1946. Distribution and relationship in American hydroids. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, 4(54 p. KRAEUTER, J. N., and E. M. SETZLER. 1975. The seasonal cycle of Scyphozoa and Cubozoa in Georgia estuaries. Bull. Mar. Sci. 25:66-74. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) KRAMP, P. L. 1959. The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Rep. 46, 284 p. (NCSU, UNC-WILM.) 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 40:7-469. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Species diagnoses and records from the literature.) LARSON, R. J. 1976. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Cnidaria: Scyphozoa. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 397, 18 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. General biology, glossary, illustrated key, and annotated species list of Scyphozoa found from Maine to Chesapeake Bay.) MAYER, A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world, Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 109, 3 vols., 735 p. MOORE, H. B. 1953. Plankton of the Florida Current. II. Siphono- phora. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 2:559- 573. (IMS, DUML. Includes a list of species plus information on seasonal and vertical dis- tribution.) NUTTING, C. C. 1900, 1904, 1915. American hydroids. U.S. Natl. Mus., Spec. Bull. 4: 1900, Part I, The Plumularidae, 285 p.; 1904, Part II, The Ser- tularidae, 325 p.; 1915, Part III, The Cam- panularidae and the Bonneviellidae, 126 p. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-GEN.) PARR, A. E. 1939. Quantitative observations on pelagic Sargas- sum vegetation of the western North Atlan- tic. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect., Yale Univ. 6(7):l-94. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NMFS. Includes, p. 23-25, M. D. Burkenroad's observation that certain attached hydroids tend to predominate on each of the numerous varieties of Sargassum nutans and S. fluitans. ) RUSSELL, F. S. 1953. The medusae of the British Isles. Cam- bridge Univ. Press, Camb., 530 p. 1970. The medusae of the British Isles. II. Pelagic Scyphozoa, with a supplement to the first volume on hydromedusae. Cambridge Univ. Press, Camb., 284 p. SCHWARTZ, F. J., and A. F. CHESTNUT. 1974. Biological investigations of noxious coelenterates and ctenophores in coastal North Carolina. N.C. Dep. Nat. Econ. Resour., Div. Comm. Sports Fish., Spec. Sci. Rep. 27, 59 p. (IMS.) TOTTON, A. K., and H. E. BARGMANN. 1965. A synopsis of the Siphonophora. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond., 232 p. (IMS.) Class ANTHOZOA BAYER, F. M. 1953. Zoogeography and evolution in the octocoral- lian family Gorgoniidae. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 3:100-119. (IMS, DUML, UNC-ZOOL.) 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 373 p. (IMS. A comprehensive work which includes descriptions, good line drawings and photo- graphs, and illustrated keys. Coverage includes southeastern U.S. coast.) BAYER, F. M., et al. 1956. Coelenterata. In R. C. Moore (editor), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part F. Geol. Soc. Am. and Univ. Kansas Press, Lawrence, 498 p. (UNC-GEOL.) CARLGREN, O. 1949. A survey of the Ptychodactaria, Coral- limorpharia and Actiniaria. K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 4, 1(1):1-121. 1952. Actiniaria from North America. Ark. Zool., Ser. 2, 3:373-390. (DUML. Species descriptions and some illustrations.) CARLGREN, O., and J. W. HEDGPETH. 1952. Actiniaria, Zoantharia and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 2(2):141-172. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. A key, descriptions, and line and color drawings.) DEICHMANN, E. 1936. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Har- vard Coil. 53:1-317. FIELD, L. R. 1949. Sea anemones and corals of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke Univ. Mar. Stn. Bull. 5, 39 p. (IMS, DUML. Descriptions of external and internal anatomy, line drawings, and a key. Un- fortunately, many species known to be in this area are not included. See Carlgren 1952, above, for ad- ditional criticisms of this paper.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 141-160. (See Invertebrates - General.) STEPHENSON, T. A. 1928. The British sea anemones. I. Ray Society, Lond., 148 p. 1935. The British sea anemones. II. Ray Society, Lond., 426 p. (Includes some U.S. east coast genera.) PHYLUM CTENOPHORA BISHOP, H.J. W. 1972. Ctenophores of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesa- peake Sci. 13 Suppl.:S98-SlOO. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN.) BURRELL, V. G. 1968. The ecological significance of a ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassiz) in a fish nursery ground. M.A. Thesis, Coll. William & Mary, Williamsburg, 61 p. MAYER, A. G. 1912. Ctenophores of the Atlantic coast of North America. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 162, 58 p. (NCSU.) MILLER, R. J. 1970. Distribution and energetics of an estuarine ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, 78 p. NELSON, T. C. 1925. On the occurrence and food habits of cteno- phores in New Jersey inland coastal waters. Biol, Bull. (Woods Hole) 48:92-111. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Class TURBELLARIA BUSH, L. 1964. Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbel- laria. In R. I. Smith (editor), p. 30-39 (see Invertebrates - General). CREZEE, M. 1975. Monograph of the Solenofilomorphidae (Turbellaria: Acoela). Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 60:769-845. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Describes five new species from North Carolina.) 1976. Solenofilomorphidae (Acoela), major compo- nent of a new turbellarian association in the sul- fide svstem. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 61:105-129. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Distribution of numerous species on sand flats in North Carolina.) FERGUSON, F. F. 1954. Monograph of the macrostomine worms of Turbellaria. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 73:137- 164. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUKE-BIOL. A hst of all known species of Macrostomidae plus a brief description and illustration for each genus and a generic key.) HYMAN, L. H. 1941. The polyclad flatworms of the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 89:449-495. (ALL except UNC- ZOOL and IMS.) 1944. Marine Turbellaria from the Atlantic coast of North America. Am. Mus. Novit. 1266, 15 p. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) 1952. Further notes on the turbellarian fauna of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 103:195-200. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) PEARSE, A. S. 1938. Polyclads of the east coast of North America. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 86:67- 98. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Species descrip- tions and illustrations.) PEARSE, A. S., and J. W. LITTLER. 1938. Polyclads of Beaufort, N. C. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 54:235-244. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) RIEGER, R. M. 1974. A new group of Turbellaria-Typhloplanoida with a proboscis and its relationship to Kalyp- torhynchia. In N. W. Riser and M. P. Morse (editors), Biology of the Turbellaria, p. 23-62. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N.Y. (UNC- ZOOL. Includes six new species from North Carolina.) STERRER, W., and R. RIEGER. 1974. Retronectidae — a new cosmopolitan marine family of Catenulida (Turbellaria). In N. W. Riser and M. P. Morse (editors), Biology of the Turbellaria, p. 63-92. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N.Y. (UNC-ZOOL. Includes four new species from North Carolina.) STIREWALT, M. A., F. F. FERGUSON, and W. A. KEPNER. 1942. Two new Turbellaria (Alloeocoela) from Beaufort, North Carolina, belonging to the new genus Pregermarium. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 58:69-78. (ALL except IMS and UNC-ZOOL. Several other species descriptions were published in Vols. 56 and 57 of this journal by these authors.) Class TREMATODA ANDERSON, H.G.,. JR. 1970. Annotated list of parasites of the bluefish Pomatomus saltatnx. U.S. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl., Tech. Pap. 54, 15 p. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, NMFS. Lists protozoans, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocepha- lans, copepods, and isopods.) BYCHOWSKY, B. E. 1961. Monogenetic trematodes: their systematics and phylogeny. [Translated from Rus- sian.] Am. Inst. Biol. Sci., Wash., D.C., 627 p. (IMS. A worldwide monograph which may be cumbersome for the nonspecialist to use.) DILLON, W. A. 1966. Provisional list of parasites occurring on Fundulus spp. Va. J. Sci., New Ser., 17:21- 31. (UNC-BOT, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) HARGIS, W. J., JR. 1957. Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part XIII. The family Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943 (continued). Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 76:1-12. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUKE-BIOL. Three new species are described and the diagnoses of several higher taxa are emended; 12 earlier papers in this series are listed in the next reference.) HARGIS, W. J., JR., A. R. LAWLER, R. MORALES- ALAMO, and D. E. ZWERNER. 1969. Bibliography of the monogenetic trematode literature of the world 1758-1969. Va. Inst. Mar. Sci., Spec. Sci. Rep. 55, 195 p. (IMS, DUML, NMFS.) KORATHA, K. J. 1955. Studies on the monogenetic trematodes of the Texas coast. II. Descriptions of species from marine fishes of Port Aransas. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 4(l):251-278. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) LINTON, E. 1905. Parasites of fishes of Beaufort, N. C. Bull. I U.S. I Bur. Fish. 24:323-428. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN.) 1940. Trematodes from fishes mainly from the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 88:1-172. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) MANTER, H. W. 1947. The digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Tortugas, Florida. Am. Midi. Nat. 38:257- 416. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. An an- notated list of species with some descriptions and illustrations; 44 new species described.) McMAHON, J. W. 1963. Monogenetic trematodes from some Chesa- peake Bay fishes. Part I. The superfamilies Cap- saloidea Price, 1936 and Diclidophoroidea Price, 1936. Chesapeake Sci. 4:151-160. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Nine species described and three il- lustrated.) 1964. Monogenetic trematodes from some Chesa- peake Bay fishes. Part II. The superfamily Diclidophoroidea. Chesapeake Sci. 5:124- 133. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Nine species described and five illustrated.) OVERSTREET, R. M. 1969. Digenetic trematodes of marine teleost fishes from Biscayne Bay, Florida. Tulane Stud. Zool. Bot. 15:119-176. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, NCSU. Species descriptions, illustrations, and a list of hosts.) PEARSE, A. S. 1949. Observations on flatworms and nemerteans collected at Beaufort, N. C. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 100:25-38. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. A list, primarily of trematodes; some are described and figured.) PRICE, E. W. 1938. North American monogenetic trematodes. II. The families Monocotylidae, Microbothriidae, Acanthocotylidae and Udonellidae (Cap- saloidea). J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28:183- 198. (NCSU and UNC-GEOL. Diagnoses of genera and descriptions of their type-species.) SKINNER, R. 1975. Parasites of the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, from Biscayne Bay, Florida, with descriptions of a new genus and three new species of trematodes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 25:318- 345. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) STUNKARD, H. W. 1973. Observations on Tubulovesicula pinguis (Linton, 1910) Manter, 1947 and on systematics of the hemiuroid trematodes. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 145:607-626. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes an extensive reference list.) YAMAGUTI, S. 1958. Systema Helminthum. Volume I. The digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. (In 2 parts.) Interscience Publ., Inc., N.Y., 1575 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Contains keys to and diagnoses of the taxa from suborder to genus, lists of species and illustrations of some, and a large biblio- graphy. In general, larval stages are not included.) 1963. Systema Helminthum. Volume IV. Monogenea and Aspidocotylea. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., 699 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Keys to and diagnoses of the taxa from suborder to genus, plus lists of species and illustrations of some.) Class CESTODA CHANDLER, A. C. 1954. Cestoda. In Galtsoff, P. S. (coordinator), Gulf of Mexico - its origin, waters, and marine Hfe. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 55:351- 353. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Annotated list of species.) PHILLIPS, P. J., and N. L. LEVIN. 1973. Cestode larvae from Scyphomedusae of the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 23:574- 584. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) YAMAGUTI, S. 1959. Systema Helminthum. Volume II. The cestodes of vertebrates. Interscience Publ., Inc., N.Y., 860 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Keys to and diagnoses of taxa from order to genus; lists of species with distributional data, biological infor- mation, and some illustrations; an extensive bib- liography.) PHYLUM NEMERTEA COE, W. R. 1902. Nemertean parasites of crabs. Am. Nat. 36:431-450. (UNC-MAIN, UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) 1943. Biology of the nemerteans of the Atlantic coast of North America. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 35:129-328. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE- GEN, NCSU.) 1945. Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Ex- peditions. XI. Bathypelagic nemerteans of the Bermuda area and other parts of the North and South Atlantic Oceans. Zoologica (N.Y.) 30:145- 168. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, NMFS.) 1951. The nemertean faunas of the Gulf of Mexico and of southern Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 1:149-186. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Keys, brief species descriptions, and illustrations.) CORREA, D. D. 1961. Nemerteans from Florida and Virgin Islands. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 11:1- 44. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. 24 species, 4 of them new, described and illustrated.) KIRSTEUER, E. 1971. The interstitial nemertean fauna of marine sand. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 17-19 (see Invertebrates - General). McCAUL, W. E. 1963. Rhynchocoela: nemerteans from marine and estuarine waters of Virginia. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 79:111-124. (ALL except NMFS. Short descriptions, distribution records, and a key for 22 Virginia species, 2 of them new. Also a list of all species known from the Atlantic coast of North America.) PEARSE, A. S. 1949. Observations on flatworms and nemerteans collected at Beaufort, N. C. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 100:25-28. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL.) PORTER, H. J. 1962. Incidence of Malacobdella in Mercenaria campechiensis off Beaufort Inlet, N. C. Proc. Natl. Shellfish Assoc. 53:133-145. (IMS-Repr., UNC-ZOOL.) PHYLUM GNATHOSTOMULIDA RIEDL, R. J. 1969. Gnathostomulida from America. Science (Wash., D.C.) 163:445-452. (ALL.) 1971. On the genus G nathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 56:385-496. (NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Includes descriptions of five new species from southeastern United States and a key. Descriptions of three additional genera and species published in Vols. 55-56.) STERRER, W. 1970. On some species of Austrognatharia, Pterognathia and Haplognathla nov. gen. from the North Carolina coast (Gnathosto- mulida). Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 55:371- 385. (NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML.) 1971. Gnathostomulida: problems and procedures. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 9-15 (see Invertebrates - General). 1972. Systematics and evolution within the Gnathostomulida. Syst. Zool. 21:151- 173. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN. A phylogeny of the phylum; diagnoses of its orders, families, and genera; a bibliography.) PHYLUM GASTROTRICHA BOADEN.P.J. 1963. Marine Gastrotricha from the interstitial fauna of some North Wales beaches. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 140:485-502. (UNC-ZOOL, DUML, NCSU. Includes a key to the known genera of marine gastrotrichs.) BRUNSON, R. B. 1959. Gastrotricha. In W. T. Edmondson (editor), Ward and Whipple's freshwater biology, p. 406-419. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL.) HUMMON, W. D. 1971. The marine and brackish-water Gastro- Iricha in perspective. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 21-23 (see Invertebrates - General). 1974. Gastrotricha from Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A. Cah. Biol. Mar. 15:431-446. (UNC- ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, DUML, NCSU. Four new species described; two others reported.) RUPPERT, E. E. 1970. On Pseudostomella Swedmark, 1956 with de- scriptions of P. plumosa nov. spec, P. cata- phracta nov. spec, and a form of P. roscovita Swedmark, 1956 from the west Atlantic coast. Cah. Biol. Mar. 11:121-143. (UNC- ZOOL, DUML, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Very thorough species descriptions covering both inter- nal and external anatomy, good illustrations, and a key to the genus.) SCHOEPFER-STERRER, C. 1969. Chordodasys riedli gen. nov., spec, nov., a macrodasyoid gastrotrich with a chordoid organ. Cah. Biol. Mar. 10:391-404. (UNC- ZOOL, DUML, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) THANE-FENCHEL, A. 1970. Interstitial gastrotrichs in some south Florida beaches. Ophelia 7:113-138. (UNC- ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU, DUML. Primarily species descriptions, illustrations, and distribu- tional information; plus an excellent list of references.) PHYLUM NEMATODA CHITWOOD, B. G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 3:1- 16. (DUKE-BIOL, NCSU, UNC-HEALTH.) 1937. A new genus and ten new species of marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proc. Helmin- thol. Soc. Wash. 4:53-59. (DUKE-BIOL, NCSU, UNC-HEALTH.) 1951. North American marine nematodes. Tex. J. Sci. 3:617-672. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU, DUKE- BIOL, NMFS. Describes 3 new genera and 33 new species; provides a key to the known species but cautions that many more remain to be found.) CRITES. J. L. 1961. Some free-living marine nematodes from the sand beaches of Piver's Island, North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 77:75- 80. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and NMFS. Describes five species, three of them new.) de CONINCK, L. 1965. Systematique des Nematodes. In P. P. Grasse (directeur), Traite de zoologie, p. 586- 731. Tome IV, Fasc. 2. Masson et Cie., Paris. (UNC-ZOOL.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages. 200-209. (See Invertebrates - Gen- eral.) HOPE, W. D. 1971. The current status of the systematics of marine nematodes. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 33-36 (see Invertebrates - General). HOPPER, B. E. 1963. Marine nematodes from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico. III. Additional species from Gulf Shores, Alabama. Can. J. Zool. 41:841- 863. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, NMFS. Two additional papers in vol. 39 of this journal.) OLSEN, L. S. 1952. Some nematodes parasitic in marine fishes. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 2(2):173-215. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) OTT, J. A. 1972. Determination of fauna boundaries of nema- todes in an intertidal sand flat. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 57:645-663. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Includes a list of species found at Wrightsville Beach, N.C., and discusses the distribution and associations of some.) TEAL, J. M., and W. WIESER. 1966. The distribution and ecology of nematodes in a Georgia salt marsh. Limnol. Oceanogr. 11:217- 222. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) TIMM, R. W. 1954. A survey of the marine nematodes of Chesa- peake Bay, Maryland. Cath. Univ. Am. Biol. Stud. 23:1-70 and Chesapeake Biol. Lab. Publ. 95. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-BIOL.) WIESER, W., and B. HOPPER. 1966. The Neotonchinae, new subfamily (Cyatholaimidae: Nematoda), with an analysis of its genera, Neotonchus Cobb, 1933 and Gomphionema new genus. Can. J. Zool. 44:519- 532. (UNC-ZOOL. NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, NMFS. Nine species described and keys provided.) 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 135:239-344. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE- BIOL.) YAMAGUTI, S. 1961. Systema Helminthum. Volume III. The nematodes of vertebrates. Interscience Publ., Inc., N.Y., 1261 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Includes species parasitic in marine fishes. Keys to and diagnoses of taxa from order to genus; species lists with distribution data, some biological data, and some illustrations; an extensive bibliography.) PHYLUM NEMATOMORPHA GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 198-200. (See Invertebrates - General.) WARD, H. B. 1892. On Nectonema agile, Verrill. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo!., Harvard Coll. 23:135-188. (UNC- ZOOL. DUKE-BIOL. Nectonema is the only known genus of marine Nematomorpha. The 10 young are parasitic in brachyuran and hermit crabs; adults are free living.) PHYLUM KINORHYNCHA HIGGINS, R. P. 1961. Morphological, larval and systematic studies of the Kinorhyncha. Ph.D. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 260 p. (DUKE-BIOL, DUML- microfilm. Discusses systematics of entire phylum.) 1964. Three new kinorhynchs from the North Carolina coast. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 14:479-493. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1965. The homalorhagid Kinorhyncha of north- eastern U.S. coastal waters. Trans. Am. Microsc. Sec. 84:65-72. (IMS, DUML, UNC- ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) 1968. Taxonomy and pwstembryonic development of the Cryptorhagae, a new suborder for the mesopsammic kinorhynch genus Cateria. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 87:21-39. (IMS, DUML, UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL. Includes a key to the genera of kinorhynchs.) 1971. A historical overview of kinorhynch research. In N. C. Rulings (editor), p. 25-31 (see Invertebrates - General). PHYLUM ROTIFERA BERVIUS, B. 1960. Rotatoria I-VI. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Fiches Ident. Zoopl. 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89. (DUML and NMFS.) EDMONDSON, W. T. 1959. Rotifera. In W. T. Edmondson (editor). Ward and Whipple's freshwater biology, p. 420- 494. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS.) MYERS, F. J. 1936. Three new brackish water and one new marine species of Rotatoria. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 55:428-432. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE- BIOL.) PHYLUM ACANTHOCEPHALA BULLOCK, W. L. 1957. The acanthocephalan parasites of the fishes of the Tex. coast. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 4(2):278-283. (IMS. A list of species with their distributions.) CHANDLER, A. C. 1935. Parasites of fishes in Galveston Bay. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 83:123-157. (ALL except UNC- ZOOL and IMS. Lists trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans and describes new species.) HUIZINGA, H. W., and A. J. HALEY. 1962. Occurrence of the acanthocephalan parasite, Telosentis tenuicornis, in the spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, in Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci. 3:35-42. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) VAN CLEAVE, H. J. 1923. A key to the genera of Acanthoceph- ala. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 42:184- 191. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) VAN CLEAVE, H. J., and D. R. LINCICOME. 1940. A reconsideration of the acanthocephalan family Rhadinorhynchidae. J. Parasitol. 26:75- 81. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) WARD, H. L. 1954. Parasites of marine fishes of the Miami region. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 4:244- 261. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) YAMAGUTI, S. 1963. Systema Helminthum. Volume V. Acanthocephala. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 423 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Keys to and diagnoses of all orders, families, and genera; selected species listed and illustrated; an extensive bibliogra- phy.) PHYLUM ANNELIDA Class POLYCHAETA BLAKE, J. A. 1971. Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 75, 32 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL. Key and good species descriptions.) CLARK, R. B. 1956. Capitella capitata as a commensal, with a bibliography of parasitism and commensalism in the polychaetes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 12, 9:433-448. (IMS, NCSU.) DALES, R. P. 1957. Pelagic polychaetes of the Pacific Ocean. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. Calif. 7:99-168. (NMFS, DUML, UNC-ZOOL. Key includes all the species of Alciopidae, Typhloscolecidae, and Tomopteridae known to occur off North Carolina.) DAVIS, J. M. 1942. Polychaete larvae of Beaufort Har- bor. M.A. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 98 p. (DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Illustrations of larvae of 22 species.) DAY, J. H. 1967. A monograph on the Polychaeta of southern Africa. Part I, Errantia. Part II, Sedentaria. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond., 878 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Good descriptions of genera and higher taxa found on the southeastern U.S. coast.) 11 1973. New Polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ- 375, 140 p. (IMS. A very useful comprehensive work containing keys, distribution records, and some species descriptions. May be used in con- junction with the key to families in Day 1967, above.) FAUVEL, P. 1923. Polvchetes errantes. Faune Fr. ,5:1- 488. (UNC-ZOOL.) 1927. Polychetes sedentaires. Faune Fr. 16:1- 494. (UNC-ZOOL.) FOSTER, N. M. 197 1 . Spionidae ( Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the fauna of Curagao and other Caribbean Islands 36. Natuurwet. Stud. Suriname, Ned. Antilles 63, 183 p. (DUKE-BIOL. Good descriptions of a ma- jority of the spionids found on our coast.) GARDINER, S. L. 197.5. Errant polychaete annelids from North Caro- lina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 91:77- 220. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) GRAVELY, F. H. 1909. Polychaet larvae. Liverp. Mar. Biol. Comm. Mem. 19, 79 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Concerns British species; of some value on U.S. coast.) HARTMAN, 0. 1938. The types of polychaete worms of the families Polynoidae and Polyodontidae in the United States National Museum and the descrip- tion of a new genus. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 86:107-134. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL.) 1942. A review of the types of polychaetous an- nelids at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect., Yale Univ. 8(1)1-98. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1944. Polychaetous annelids. Pt. 5. Eunicea. Al- lan Hancock Pac. Exped. 10:1-238. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, UNC-WILM.) 194 5. The marine annelids of North Carolina. Duke Univ. Mar. Stn. Bull. 2, 54 p. (IMS, DUML, UNC-ZOOL.) 1947. Polychaetous annelids. Pt. 7. Capitel- lidae. Allan Hancock Pac. Exped. 10:391- 482. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, UNC-WILM.) 1951. The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 2(1):7- 124. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1965. Deep-water bent hie polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Allan Hancock Found. Publ., Occas. Pap. 28, 378 p. (IMS, UNC-MAIN, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) HARTMAN, O., and K. FAUCHALD. 1971. Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. Part II. Allan Hancock Monogr. Mar. Biol. 6, 327 p. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL.) MANGUM, C. P. 1962. Studies on speciation in maldanid polychaetes of the North American Atlantic coast. I. A taxonomic revision of three species in the sub- family Euclymeninae. Postilla 65, 12 p. (IMS- Repr.) 1964. Studies on speciation in maldanid polychaetes of the North American Atlantic coast. II. Distribution and competitive interaction of five sympatric species. Limnol. Oceanogr. 9:12- 26. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUML, NMFS.) MANGUM, C. P., S. L. SANTOS, and W. R. RHODES, JR. 1968. Distribution and feeding in the onuphid polychaete, Diopatra cuprea (Bosc). Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 2:33-40. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUML, NMFS. Information on population density, gut contents, and species attached to the top of its tube.) McCRARY, A. B. 1969. The seasonal distribution of zooplankton in Wrightsville Sound. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 126 p. (UNC-ZOOL, UNC-MAIN. Contains a great deal on polychaete larvae including references useful in identifying them.) PETTIBONE, M. H. 1963. Marine polychaete worms of the New England region, part 1: Families Aphroditidae through Trochochaetidae. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 227, 356 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Very useful, includes descriptions and illustrations of all species, keys to the families, genera, and species.) 1966. Revision of the Pilargidae (Annelida: Polychaeta), including descriptions of new species, and redescription of the pelagic Podarmus ploa Chamberlin (Polynoidae). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 118:1.55-208. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL.) SMITH, R. I. (editor). 1964. Keys to marine invertebrates of the Woods Hole region. Syst.-Ecol. Prog., Mar. Biol. Lab., Woods Hole, Mass. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS. Polychaetes are covered on p. 48-83. The introduc- tory note on terminology is very useful. The keys, based on New England species, are not wholly ad- equate for the southeastern United States. Many useful illustrations.) WELLS, H. W., and I. E. GRAY. 1964. Polychaetous annelids of the Cape Hatteras area. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80:70- 78. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and NMFS. A checklist of 110 species.) WESTHEIDE, W. 1971. Interstitial Polychaeta (excluding Archian- nelida). In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 57-70 (see Invertebrates - General). 12 Class MYZOSTOMARIA PRENANT, M. 1959. Classe des Myzostomides. In P. P. Grasse (directeur), Traite de zoologie, p. 714-784. Tome V, Fasc. 1. Masson et Cie., Paris. (UNC- ZOOL.) tribution and habitat. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 140:440-460. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) STEPHENSON, J. 1930. The Oligochaeta. Clarendon Press Oxf., 978 p. Class HIRUDINEA Class ARCHIANNELIDA JONES, E. R., and F. F. FERGUSON. 1957. The genus Dinophilus ( Archiannelida) in the United States. Am. Midi. Nat. 57:440- 449. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) JOUIN, C. 1971. Status of the knowledge of the systematics and ecology of Archiannelida. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 47-56 (see Invertebrates - General). Class OLIGOCHAETA BRINKHURST, R. 0. 1964. Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta I: Naididae and Opistocysti- dae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 116:195- 230. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) 1965. Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta II: Tubificidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 117:117-172. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) BRINKHURST, R. 0., and B. G. M. JAMIESON. 1971. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the world. Oliver and Boyd, Edinb., 860 p. COOK, D. G. 1969. The Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) of Cape Cod Bay with a taxonomic revision of the genera Phallodrilus Pierantoni, 1902, Lim- nvdrikndes Pierantoni, 1903 and Spiridion KnoU- ner, 1935. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 136:9- 27. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1971. The Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) of Cape Cod Bay, II: Ecology and systematics, with the description of Phallodrilus paruiatriatus nov. sp. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 141:203- 221. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) COOK, D. G., and R. 0. BRINKHURST. 1973. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Annelida: Oligochaeta. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ- 374, 23 p. (IMS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, NMFS. Very useful; covers whole east coast of North America; includes pictoral key and annotated species list.) LASSERRE, P. 1971. Oligochaeta from the marine meiobenthos: taxonomy and ecology. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 71-86 (see Invertebrates - General). 1971. The marine Enchytraeidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) of the eastern coast of North America, with notes on their geographical dis- DANIELS, B. A., and R. T. SAWYER. 1975. The biology of the leech Myzubdella lugubris infesting blue crabs and catfish. Biol. Bull., (Woods Holel 148:193-198. (ALL except UNC- MAIN.) KNIGHT-JONES, E. W. 1962. The systematics of marine leeches. In K. H. Mann, Leeches (Hirudinea) their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology. Append. B, p. 169-186. Pergamon Press, N.Y. LLEWELLYN, L. C. 1966. Pontobdellinae (Piscicolidae: Hirudinea) in the British Museum (Natural History) with a review of the subfamily. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. 14:389-439. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) MEYER, M. C, and A. A. BARDEN, JR. 1955. Leeches symbiotic on Arthropoda, especially decapod Crustacea. Wasmann J. Biol. 13:297- 311. (UNC-BOT, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. A worldwide list of species in the families Piscicolidae and Glossiphoniidae which are sym- biotic on decapod crustaceans and pycnogonids; includes notes on hosts and distribution and a good bibliography but no descriptions, illustra- tions, or keys.) SAWYER, R. T., A. R. LAWLER, and R. M. OVERSTREET. 1975. Marine leeches of the eastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico with a key to the species. J. Nat. Hist. 9:633-667. (IMS, NCSU. Lists 14 species and includes a key, diagnoses, synonymies, lists of hosts, and geographical dis- tribution data for all; some illustrations.) PHYLUM SIPUNCULA CUTLER, E. B. 1973. Sipuncula of the western North Atlan- tic. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 152:103- 204. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and DUML. A most useful work including a key, diagnoses of 14 genera and subgenera, and descriptions, illustra- tions, and distribution data for the 26 species known from Nova Scotia to Cape Kennedy, Fla.) FISHER, W. K. 1950. The sipunculid genus Fhascolosoma. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 12, 3:547-552. GEROULD, J. H. 1913. The sipunculids of the eastern coast of North America. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 44:373- 13 437. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-BIOL. Species descriptions and illustrations.) STEPHEN, A. C. 1965. Revision of the classification of the Phylum Sipuncula. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 13, 7:457- 462. (IMS. Includes a key to genera.) STEPHEN, A. C, and S. J. EDMONDS. 1972. The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond., 528 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Excellent; species descriptions, illustrations, dis- tributional information, and keys.) PHYLUM ECHIURA FISHER, VV. K. 1946. Echiuroid worms of the North Pacific Ocean. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 96:215- 292. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Includes a key to genera.) 1947. New genera and species of echiuroid and sipunculoid worms. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 97:351-372. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Includes original description of Thalassema hartmani.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 392-394. (See Invertebrates - General.) STEPHEN, A. C, and S. J. EDMONDS. 1972. The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond., 528 p. (UNC-ZOOL.) WILSON, C. B. 1900. Our North American echiurids. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 1:163-178. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE- BIOL.) PHYLUM MOLLUSCA General ABBOTT, R. T. 1968. Seashells of North America, a guide to field identification. Golden Press, N.Y., 280 p. 1974. American seashells. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y., 663 p. ANDREWS, J. 197 L Seashells of the Texas Coast. Univ. Texas Press, Austin, 298 p. (IMS. Excellent photo- graphs.) BIRD, S. O. 1970. Shallow-marine and estuarine benthic mol- luscan communities from area of Beaufort, North Carolina. Am. Assoc. Pet., Geol. Bull. 54:1651- 1676. (UNC-GEOL, NCSU, DUKE-GEN, DUML.) BRETT, C. E. 1963. Relationships between marine invertebrate infauna distribution and sediment type distribu- tion in Bogue Sound, North Carolina. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 202 p. (UNC-GEOL, IMS.) DALL, W. H. 1886. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879- 80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake." XXIX. Report on the MoUusca. Part I. Brachiopoda and Pelecypoda. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 12:172-318. (ALL except UNC-MAIN, DUML, and NCSU.) 1889. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879- 80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake." XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part II. Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 18:1-492. (ALL except UNC-MAIN, DUML, and NCSU.) 1903. A preliminary catalogue of the shell-bearing marine moUusks and brachiopods of the south- eastern coast of the United States, with illustra- tions of many of the species. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 37 (new ed.), 221 p. (ALL except UNC- MAIN.) HACKNEY, A. G,. 1944. List of Mollusca from around Beaufort, North Carolina, with notes on Tethys. Nautilus 58:56-64. (DUKE-BIOL.) JACOT, A. P. 1921. Some marine molluscan shells of Beaufort and vicinity. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 36:129- 145. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL, IMS, and DUML.) JOHNSON, C. W. 1934. List of marine Mollusca of the Atlantic coast from Labrador to Texas. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 40:1-203. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU. A list of species with distribution information.) MORRIS, P. A. 1973. A field guide to shells of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 330 p. PFITZENMEYER, H. T. 1972. Molluscs of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesa- peake Sci. 13 SuppI.:S107-S115. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN. A review of the knowledge of this phylum in the bay with an extensive list of references.) PORTER, H. J. 1969. The molluscan fauna in North Carolina's Neuse River Estuary. Am. Malacol. Union, An- nu. Rep. 1969:39-40. 1972. MoUusks coincident with North Carolina's calico scallop fishery. Am. Malacol. Union, Bull. 1971:32-33. 1974a. MoUusks from MA' Eastward stations 11542 and 11545 east of Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. Am. Malacol. Union, Bull. 39:20-24. 1974b. The North CaroUna marine and estuarine Mollusca — an atlas of occurrence. Univ. North 14 Carolina, Inst. Mar. Sci., Morehead City, 351 p. (IMS. An exhaustive list of species reported from North Carolina with the references in which they were reported and the IMS holdings.) PORTER, H. J., and C. E. JENNER. 1968. Notes on some Mollusca off the coast of North Carolina. Am. Malacol. Union, Annu. Rep. 1967:23-24. (Abstract only.) PORTER, H. J., and J. TYLER. 1971. Seashells common to North Carolina. N.C. Dep. Nat. Econ. Resour., Div. Coram. Sports Fish., Inf. Ser., 36 p. (Keys, brief descriptions, and some illustrations of common mollusks.) PORTER, H. J., and D. A. WOLFE. 1971. Mollusca from the North Carolina commer- cial fishing grounds for the calico scallop, Argopecten gibbus (Linne). J. Conchyliol. 109:91-109. (Primarily a list of species collected.) SMITH, M. 1945. East coast marine shells. Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, 314 p. WARMKE, G. L., and R. T. ABBOTT. 1961. Caribbean seashells. Livingston Publ. Co., Narberth, 346 p. WOLFE, D., and N. WOLFE. 1970. Molluscs of North Carolina. Reg. Mar. Sci. Proj., Carteret County Public Schools, Beaufort, N.C, 69 p. Mimeogr. (Check list.) Class GASTROPODA BEQUAERT, J. D. 1942. Cerithidea and Batillarla in the Western At- lantic. Johnsonia 1(5):1-12. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) 1943. The genus Littorina in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia l(7):l-27. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) CHEN, C, and N. S. HILLMAN. 1970. Shell-bearing pteropods as indicators of water masses off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Bull. Mar. Sci. 20:350-367. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN.) CLENCH, W. J. 1942. The genus Ficus in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia l(2):l-2. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1942. The genus Conus in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia l(6):l-40. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1944. The genera Casmaria, Galeodea, Phalium and Cassis in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 1(16):1-16. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1946. The genera Bathyaurinia, Rehderia and Scaphella in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 2:41-60. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1947. The genera Purpura and Thais in the West- ern Atlantic. Johnsonia 2:61-91. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) CLENCH, W. J., and R. T. ABBOTT. 1941. The genus S trombus in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 1(1):1-15. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1943. The genera Cypraecassis, Morum, Sconsia and Dalium in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia l(9):l-8. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) CLENCH, W. J., and C. G. AGUAYO. 1943. The genera Xenophora and Tugurium in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia l(8):l-6. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) CLENCH, W. J., and I. PEREZ FARFANTE. 1945. The genus Murex in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia l(17):l-58. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) CLENCH, W. J., and R. D. TURNER. 1948. The genus Truncatella in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 2:149-164. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1950. The genera Sthenorytis, Cirsotrema, Acirsa, Opalia and Amaea in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 2:221-246. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1951. The genus Epitonium in the Western Atlan- tic. Part I. Johnsonia 2:249-288. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) 1952. The genera Epitonium (Part II), Depres- siscala, Cylindriscala, Nystiella and Solutiscala in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 2:289- 356. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1957. The family Cymatiidae in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 3:189-244. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) 1960. The genus Calliostoma in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 4:1-80. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) FRANZ, D. R. 1970. The distribution of the nudibranch Doris verrucosa Linne in the northwest Atlan- tic. Nautilus 83:80-85. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) HOUBRICK, R. S. 1974. The genus Cerithium in the Western Atlan- tic (Cerithiidae: Prosobranchia). Johnsonia 5:33-84. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) MAGALHAES, H. 1948. An ecological study of snails of the genus Busycon at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecol. Mongr. 18:377-409. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) MARCUS, ERNST. 1961. Opisthobranchia from North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 77:141-151. (ALL ex- cept UNC-ZOOL and NMFS.) MARCUS, EVELINE. 1972. Notes on some opisthobranch gastropods from the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci. 13:300-317. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1972. On the Anaspidea (Gastropoda: Opistho- branchia) of the warm waters of the western 15 Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci. 22:841-874. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN. Keys, an annotated list of species, illustrations, two descriptions, and an ex- tended taxonomic discussion.) 1974. On some Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) from the western and middle Atlantic warm waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. 24:300- 371. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. 72 species listed, 25 described and figured, keys provided.) 1977. An annotated checklist of the western Atlan- tic warm water opisthobranchs. J. Mollusc. Stud., Suppl. 4, 22 p. (Includes distributions and references.) MARCUS, EVELINE, and ERNST MARCUS. 1960. Opisthobranchs from American Atlantic warm waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 10:129-203. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) 1967. American opisthobranch moUusks. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. (Miami) 6, 256 p. (NCSU, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL, DUML-Ref. Mus. Primari- ly tropical species but some are found off the southeastern United States.) 1967. Some opisthobranchs from Sapelo Island, Georgia, U.S.A. Malacologia 6:199-222. (IMS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL, DUML.) MYERS, T. D. 1968. Horizontal and vertical distribution of thecosomatous pteropods off Cape Hat- teras. Ph.D. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 224 p. (DUKE-BIOL. Includes a list of species with diagnoses and illustrations plus a key.) pErez FARFANTE, I. 1943. The genera Fissurella, Lucapina and Lucapinella in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia l(10):l-20). (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1943. The genus Diodora in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 1(11): 1-20. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1947. The genera Zeidora, Nesta, Emarginula, Rimula, and Puncturella in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 2:93-148. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) PORTER, H. J. 1970. The occurrence of Cymatiidae and Cypraeidae in North Carolina waters. Nautilus 84:1-8. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUKE-BIOL.) POWELL, A. W. B. 1966. The moUuscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Re- cent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bull. Auckl. Inst. Mus. 5, 184 p. (IMS. Useful with these troublesome families.) ROBERTSON, R. 1958. The family Phasianellidae in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 3:245-283. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) RUSSEL, H. D. 1971. Index Nudibranchia: a catalog of the literature 1554-1965. Del. Mus. Nat. Hist., 141 P- SWEDMARK, B. 1971. A review of Gastropoda, Brachiopoda, and Echinodermata in marine meiobenthos. M N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 41-45 (see Invertebrates - General). TAYLOR, D., and L. BERNER, JR. 1970. The heteropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Texas A&M Univ. Oceanogr. Stud. 1:231-244. (DUML-Ref. Mus. An an- notated list of species obtained in oblique plank- ton tows in the Gulf of Mexico.) TESCH, J. J. 1946. The thecosomatous pteropods. I. The Atlan- tic. Dana Rep. 28, 82 p. (A catalog of species with illustrations, some descriptions, and some keys.) 1949. Heteropoda. Dana Rep. 34, 54 p. (A world monograph including a key to genera, species descriptions, and distribution records.) 1950. The Gymnosomata. II. Dana Rep. 36, 55 p. (Includes a key to genera, a list of species, some short descriptions, and distribution infor- mation.) TURNER, R. D. 1948. The family Tonnidae in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 2:165-191. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) WELLS, H. W., and M. J. WELLS. 1961. Three species of Odostomia from North Carolina with description of new species. Nautilus 74:149-157. (IMS, UNC- ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) WORMELLE, R. L. 1962. A survey of the standing crop of plankton of the Florida Current. VI. A study of the distribu- tion of the pteropods of the Florida Cur- rent. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 12:95- 136. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Distribution and abundance of 29 species and information on ver- tical distribution.) Class SCAPHOPODA DALL, W. H. 1889. (See Phylum Mollusca, General.) EMERSON, W. K. 1962. A classification of the scaphopod mol- lusks. J. Paleontol. 36:461-482. (UNC-GEOL, DUKE-GEN, NCSU, IMS-Repr.) HENDERSON, J. B. 1920. A monograph of the east American scaphopod mollusks. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. Ill, 177 p. (DUKE-BIOL, NCSU, UNC-ZOOL, NMFS, DUML.) 16 Class APLACOPHORA HEATH, H. 1918. Solenogastres from the eastern coast of North America. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Har- vard Coll. 45:187-264. (NCSU. Genus and species descriptions and illustrations.) HYMAN, L. H. 1967. The Invertebrates: Mollusca I. Volume VI. McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y. (IMS, UNC- ZOOL. Pages 13-70 concern aplacophorans, in- cluding short sections on ecology and geographical distribution.) Class POLYPLACOPHORA GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 253-257. (See Invertebrates - General.) JOHNSON, C. W. 1934. (See Phylum Mollusca, General.) Class PELECYPODA BARTSCH, P. 1922. A monograph of the American shipworms. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 122, 51 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and IMS.) BOSS, K. J. 1966. The subfamily Tellininae in the Western Atlantic. The genus Tellina (Part I). Johnsonia 4:217-272. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1968. The subfamily Tellininae in the Western Atlantic. The genera Tellina (Part II) and Tellidora. Johnsonia 4:273-344. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) 1969. The subfamily Tellininae in the Western Atlantic. The genus Strigilla. Johnsonia 4:345- 366. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1972. The genus Semele in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 5:1-32. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) BOSS, K. J., and A. S. MERRILL. 1965. The family Pandoridae in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 4:181-215. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) CHANLEY, P. E., and J. D. ANDREWS. 1971. Aids for identification of bivalve larvae of Virginia. Malacologia 11:45-119. (IMS, DUML, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) CHESTNUT, A. F. 1951. The oyster and other mollusks in North Carolina. In H. F. Taylor et al.. Survey of marine fisheries of North Carolina, p. 141- 190. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 555 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS.) CLENCH, W. J. 1942. The genera Dosinia, Macrocallista and Amiantis in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia l(3):l-8. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) CLENCH, W. J., and L. C. SMITH. 1944. The family Cardiidae in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 1(13): 1-32. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) CLENCH, W. J., and R. D. TURNER. 1946. The genus Bankia in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 2:1-28. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) GALTSOFF, P. S. 1964. The American oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 64, 480 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Covers, in detail, functional anatomy, reproduction, development, and autecology.) MORRISON, J. P. E. 1971. Western Atlantic Donax. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 83:545-568. (DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Per- sistant confusion regarding this genus prompted this review which distinguishes 10 species and 1 subspecies.) ' TURNER, R. D. 1954. The family Pholadidae in the Western Atlan- tic and the Eastern Pacific. Part I — Pholadinae. Johnsonia 3:1-63. (IMS, DUKE- BIOL, NCSU.) 1955. The family Pholadidae in the Western Atlan- tic and the Eastern Pacific. Part II — Martesiinae, Jouannetiinae and Xylophagi- nae. Johnsonia 3:65-160. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1966. A survey and illustrated catalogue of the Teredinidae (Mollusca:Bivalvia). Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, 265 p. (IMS. Anatomy, physiology, distribution, and descrip- tions of and a key to genera. All known species il- lustrated and listed with citations of original descriptions.) TURNER, R. D., and K. J. BOSS. 1962. The genus Lithophaga in the Western Atlan- tic, Johnsonia 4:81-116. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) TURNER, R. D., and J. ROSEWATER. 1958. The family Pinnidae in the Western Atlan- tic. Johnsonia 3:285-326. (IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) VERRILL, A. E., and K. J. BUSH. 1898. Revision of the deep-water Mollusca of the Atlantic coast of North America, with descrip- tions of new genera and species. Part I. Bivalvia. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 20:775- 901. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) WILLIAMS, A. B., and H. J. PORTER. 1971. A ten-year study of meroplankton in North Carolina estuaries: occurrence of postmetamor- phal bivalves. Chesapeake Sci. 12:26-32. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 17 Class CEPHALOPODA BERRY, S. S. 1934. Class Cephalopoda. In C. W. Johnson, List of marine MoUusca of the Atlantic coast from Labrador to Texas, p. 160-165. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 40:1-203. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU.) CLARKE, M. R. 1966. A review of the systematics and ecolog>' of oceanic squids. Adv. Mar. Biol. 4:91-300. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and IMS.) KRAEUTER, J. N., and R. F. THOMAS. 1975. Cephalopod mollusks from the waters off Georgia, U.S.A. Bull. Mar. Sci. 25:301- 303. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. A list of species with collection data.) PICKFORD, G. E. 1945. Le poulpe Americain: A study of the littoral Octopoda of the Western Atlantic. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 36:701-811. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-GEN.) ROBSON, G. C. 1929. A monograph of the Recent Cephalopoda. Part I. Octopodinae. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lend., 236 p. (Includes species descriptions and distribution information.) 1932. A monograph of the Recent Cephalopoda. Part II. The Octopoda (excluding the octo- podinae). Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond., 359 p. (Includes species descriptions and distribu- tion information.) ROPER, C. F. E., R. E. YOUNG, and G. L. VOSS. 1969. An illustrated key to the families of the Order Teuthoidea (Cephalopoda). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 13, 32 p. (IMS, NMFS, UNC- ZOOL.) VERRILL, A. E. 1879-1880. The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part I. The gigantic squids (Architeuthis) and their allies; with observations on similar large species from foreign localities. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 5:177- 257. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-GEN.) 1880-1881. The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part II. The smaller cephalo- pods, including the "squids" and the octopi, with other allied forms. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 5:259-446. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-GEN.) 1882. Report on the cephalopods of the northeast- ern coast of America. U.S. Comm. Fish Fish., Rep. Comm. 1879:1-240. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE- BIOL.) VOSS, G. L. 1955. The Cephalopoda obtained by the Harvard- Havana expedition off the coast of Cuba in 1938- 39. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 5:81- 115. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) 1956. A checklist of the cephalopods of Florida. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 19:274- 282. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-GEN, NCSU, IMS- Repr. A list of species with distribution infor- mation.) 1956. A review of the cephalopods of the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 6:85- 178. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Includes a key and species descriptions.) VOSS, N. A. 1969. A monograph of the Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic. The family Histioteuthidae. Bull. Mar. Sci. 19:713-867. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes a key, species descriptions, and distribu- tion data.) PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Most members of the Classes Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Insecta, and Arachnida are terrestrial or freshwater animals. Only a few (for example, the members of the in- sect genus Halobates and most of the mite family Halacaridae) are wholly marine; however, many others spend a portion of their life in marine or brackish waters, or may occur there accidentally. Still others occur on the land bordering the ocean or estuaries. In addition to the references listed under the classes, the following will be useful for identifying some of these animals: EDMONDSON, W. T. (editor). 1959. Ward and Whipple's freshwater biology. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., 1248 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS.) PENNAK, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. Ronald Press, N.Y., 769 p. (UNC- ZOOL, IMS.) Class PYCNOGONIDA HEDGPETH, J. W. 1948. The Pycnogonida of the western North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 97:157-342. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Very useful; includes good keys and descriptions.) KRAEUTER, J. N. 1973. Pycnogonida from Georgia, U. S. A. J.Nat. Hist. 7:493-498. (IMS, NCSU. A list of species with distribution data.) McCLOSKEY, L. R. 1967. New and little-known benthic pycnogonids from North Carolina. J. Nat. Hist. 1:119- 134. (IMS, NCSU. Descriptions and illustra- tions of five species.) 1973. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Pycnogonida. U.S. Dep. Com- mer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ.-386, 12 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. Based largely on Hedgpeth 1948, above. The pictoral key is helpful for nonspecialists, although it must be used with caution because some southeastern U.S. species are not included.) 18 Class MEROSTOMATA GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 403-405. (See Invertebrates - General.) LOCHHEAD, J. H. 1950. Xiphosura polyphemus. In F. A. Brown, Jr. (editor), Selected invertebrate types, p. 360-381, 584-585. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL. Includes a small amount of ecological information.) SHUSTER, C. N., JR. 1950. Observations on the natural history of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus poly- phemus. In Third report on investigations of methods of improving shellfish resources of Mas- sachusetts. Mass. Dep. Conserv., Div. Mar. Fish., Boston, p. 18-23.; also, 1952. Collect. Repr. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. 564:18-23. (ALL ex- cept NCSU. Short, with information on feeding, growth, migration, and breeding.) Classes CHILOPODA and DIPLOPODA GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Page 396. (See Invertebrates - General.) Class ARACHNIDA BARNES, B. M., and R. D. BARNES. 1954. The ecology of the spiders of maritime drift lines. Ecology 35:25-35. (ALL except DUML and UNC-MAIN.) BARNES, R. D. 1953. The ecological distribution of spiders in non- forest maritime communities at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecol. Monogr. 23:315-337. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN.) 1953. Report on a collection of spiders from the coast of North Carolina. Am. Mus. Novit. 1632, 21 p. (UNC-ZOOL, DUML-Repr., DUKE- BIOL, NCSU. A list of species including references to the original descriptions and dis- tribution records for Carteret County. Some species described.) GERTSCH, W. J. 1949. American spiders. D. Van Nostrand Co., N.Y., 285 p. GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 405-412. (See Invertebrates - General.) HOFF, C. C. 1958. List of the pseudoscorpions of North America north of Mexico. Am. Mus. Novit. 1875, 50 p. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Includes a key to genera and distribution information.) MUCHMORE, W. B. 1968. A new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Serianus (Arachnida, Chelonethida, Olpiidae) from North Carolina. Entomol. News 79:145- 150. (NCSU. Collected in sand dunes near Beaufort.) NEWELL, I. M. 1947. A systematic and ecological study of the Halacaridae of eastern North America. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect., Yale Univ. 10(3):1- 266. (NMFS, UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) 1971. Problems in the study of subtidal Halacaridae (Acari). In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 103-107 (see Invertebrates - General). Class INSECTA BATTLE, F. V., and E. C. TURNER, JR. 1971. The insects of Virginia. No. 3. A systematic review of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Virginia with a geographic catalog of the species occurring in the eastern United States north of Florida. Va. Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Res. Div. Bull. 44, 129 p. CHENG, L. 1974. Notes on the ecology of the oceanic insect Halobates. Mar. Fish. Rev. 36(2):l-7. (ALLex- cept UNC-ZOOL, DUML, DUKE-BIOL. Distribution, general biology, predators, and prey.) CHENG, L. (editor). 1976. Marine insects. North-Holland Publ. Co., Amst., 581 p. (Covers many aspects of numerous insect groups. Also brief coverage of other arthro- pod classes.) DAVIS, L. v., and I. E. GRAY. 1966. Zonal and seasonal distribution of insects in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecol. Monogr. 36:275-295. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Insects were collected in salt marsh vegetation. They found no evidence that any spent time immersed in seawater.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 412-422. (See Invertebrates - General.) KING, W. v., G. H. BRADLEY, C. N. SMITH, and W. C. McDUFFIE. 1960. A handbook of the mosquitoes of the south- eastern United States. U.S. Dep. Agric, Agric. Handb. 173, 188 p. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-GEN, NCSU. Keys, short descriptions, and il- lustrations.) SAVILOV, A. I. 1967. Oceanic insects of the genus Halobates (Hemiptera, Gerridae) in the Pacific. Oceanol- ogy 7:252-260. (UNC-GEOL, DUML, NMFS. General biology of the genus.) SCHELTEMA, R. A. 1968. Ocean insects. Oceanus 14(3):8-12. (UNC- ZOOL, IMS, NCSU, DUML. An informative popular-press account. Says Halobates micans is the only oceanic insect found in the Atlantic Ocean.) STOJANOVICH, C. J. 1960. Illustrated key to common mosquitoes of 19 southeastern United States. Cullom and Ghert- ner Co., Atlanta, 36 p. TESKEY, H. J. 1969. Larvae and pupae of some eastern North American Tabanidae (Diptera). Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 63, 147 p. (NCSU, UNC-ZOOL. Keys and species descriptions.) USINGER, R. L. 1957. Marine insects In J. W. Hedgpeth (editor). Treatise on marine ecology and paleoecology. I. Ecology, p. 1177-1182. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 67. (IMS, UNC-GEOL, NCSU, DUKE-GEN. An annotated bibliography plus a brief discus- sion.) USINGER, R. L. (editor). 1956. Aquatic insects of California, with keys to North American genera and California species. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, 508 p. WIRTH, W. W. 1952. Notes on marine midges from the eastern United States (Diptera, Tendipedidae ( = Chironomidae)). Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 2:307-312. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) Class CRUSTACEA Subclass Branchiopoda BAKER, H. M. 1938. Studies on the Cladocera of Monterey Bay. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23:311-365. (UNC- MAIN, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Discusses the worldwide distribution of several species of Cladocera; provides detailed species descrip- tions.) BOSCH, H. F., and W. R. TAYLOR. 1968. Marine cladocerans in the Chesapeake Bay estuary. Crustaceana 15:161-164. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 441-442. (See Invertebrates - General.) LOCHHEAD, J. H. 1954. On the distribution of a marine cladoceran, Fenilia avirostris Dana (Crustacea, Branchiopoda), with a note on its reported bioluminescence. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole), 107:92-105. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) Subclass Cephalocarida HESSLER, R. R., and H. L. SANDERS. 1973. Two new species of Sandersiella (Cephalocarida), including one from the deep sea. Crustaceana 24:181-196. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Includes a taxonomic and zoogeographic overview of the subclass.) SANDERS, H. L. 1963. The Cephalocarida: functional morphology. larval development, comparative external anatomy. Mem. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 15:1- 80. (IMS-Repr.) Subclass Mystacocarida HALL, J. R. 1971. An autecological study of Derocheilocaris typica Pennak and Zinn (Crustacea, Mystacocarida). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill. (UNC-ZOOL, UNC- MAIN.) 1972. Aspects of the biology of Derocheilocaris typica (Crustacea: Mystacocarida). II. Distribution. Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 12:45-52. (ALL except DUKE-BIOL.) HALL, J. R., and R. R. HESSLER. 1971. Aspects in the population dynamics oi Dero- cheilocaris typica (Mystacocarida, Crustacea). Vie Milieu 22:305-326. (DUML, NMFS.) HESSLER, R. R. 1971. Biology of the Mystacocarida: A prospec- tus. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 87-90 (see Invertebrates - General). HESSLER, R. R., and H. L. SANDERS. 1966. Derocheilocaris typicus Pennak and Zinn (Mystacocarida) revisited. Crustaceana 11:141- 155. (ALL except NMFS.) PENNAK, R. W., and D. J. ZINN. 1943. Mystacocarida, a new order of Crustacea from intertidal beaches in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Smithson. Misc. Collect. 103(9) :1- 11. (NMFS, UNC-MAIN, DUKE-GEN, NC- SU.) Subclass Ostracoda BAKER, J. H., and N. C. HULINGS. 1966. Recent marine ostracod assemblages of Puerto Rico. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 11:107-125. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) COHEN, A. C, and L. S. KORNICKER. 1975. Taxonomic indexes to Ostracoda (Suborder Myodocopina) in Skogsberg (1920) and Poulsen (1962, 1965). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 204, 29 p. (IMS, NMFS, UNC-ZOOL. Indexes to three major ostracod works; all species and subspecies described or redescribed in those works listed along with their current names.) DARBY, D. G. 1965. Ecology and taxonomy of Ostracoda in the vicinity of Sapelo Island, Georgia. In R. V. Kesl- ing, D. G. Darby, R. N. Smith, and D. D. Hall, Four reports of ostracod investigations conducted under National Science Foundation Project GB- 26, Report 2, 76 p. Univ. Michigan Mus. Paleon- tol., Ann Arbor. DEEVEY, G. B. 1968. Pelagic ostracods of the Sargasso Sea off Ber- 20 muda: Description of species, seasonal and ver- tical distribution. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist., Yale Univ., Bull. 26, 125 p. (DUKE-BIOL, UNC-MAIN, IMS. Includes keys down to genus and descriptions of 43 species, 36 of them in the genus Conchoecia.) HULINGS, N. C. 1966. Marine Ostracoda from the western North Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia coast. Chesa- peake Sci. 7:40-56. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes some species descriptions and il- lustrations.) 1967. A review of the Recent marine podocopid and platycopid ostracods of the Gulf of Mex- ico. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 12:80-100. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1967. Marine Ostracoda from the western North Atlantic Ocean between Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and Jupiter Inlet, Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 17:629-659. (ALL except UNC- MAIN. Includes a list of species and illustra- tions.) 1971. Summary and current status of the tax- onomy and ecology of benthic Ostracoda including interstitial forms. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 91-96 (see Invertebrates - General). KING, C. E., and L. S. KORNICKER. 1970. Ostracoda in Texas bays and lagoons: an ecologic study. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 24, 92 p. (NMFS, IMS, UNC-ZOOL.) KLIE, W. 1944. Ostracoda. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Fiches Identification Zooplancton 5. (DUML, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL.) KORNICKER, L. S. 1964. A seasonal study of living Ostracoda in a Texas bay (Redfish Bay) adjoining the Gulf of Mexico. Publ. Stn. Zool. Napoli 33 Suppl.:45- 60. (UNC-ZOOL, DUML, DUKE-BIOL.) 1967. The myodocopid ostracod families Philomedidae and Pseudophilomedidae (new family). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 121(3580), 35 p. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Includes a key to the families of Cypridinacea and species descrip- tions.) NEALE, J. W. (editor). 1969. The taxonomy, morphology and ecology of Recent Ostracoda. Oliver and Boyd, Edinb., 553 P- POULSEN, E. M. 1962. Ostracoda-Myodocopa. Part I. Cypridiniformes-Cypridinidae. Dana Rep. 57, 414 p. (Includes a key to the four families recognized in suborder Cypridiniformes and a key to the genera of subfamily Cypridininae. Poulsen has three more taxonomic ostracod papers in Dana Rep. 65, 75, and 84.) SANDBERG, P. A. 1964. The ostracod genus Cyprideis in the Americas. Stockholm Contrib. Geol. 12:1- 178. (UNC-GEOL.) SKOGSBERG, T. 1920. Studies on marine ostracods. 1: Cypridinids, halocyprids and polycopids. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala Suppl. 1:1-784. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) TRESSLER, W. L. 1940. Ostracoda from Beaufort, North Carolina, sand beaches. Am. Midi. Nat. 24:365- 368. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. Lists eight species with distribution notes.) Subclass Copepoda BOWMAN, T. E. 1971. The distribution of calanoid copepods off the southeastern United States between Cape Hat- teras and southern Florida. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 96, 58 p. (IMS, NMFS, UNC-ZOOL. Distribution maps, diagnoses of a few species, and discussion of diversity and associations.) CAUSEY, D. 1952. Parasitic Copepoda of Texas coastal fishes. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 3:5- 16. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. List of species and their hosts plus descriptions of two new species.) CONOVER, R. J. 1956. Oceanography of Long Island Sound, 1952- 1954: VI. Biology of Acartia clausi and A. ton- sa. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect., Yale Univ. 15:156-2.33. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) COULL, B. C. 1971. Meiobenthic Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the North Carolina continental shelf. Cah. Biol. Mar. 12:195-237. (UNC- ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, DUML, NCSU. Lists 111 species, and describes 11 new species and 1 new subspecies.) 1973. Meiobenthic Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the deep sea off North Carolina IV. The families Cletodidae T. Scott and An- corabolidae Sars. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 92:604-620. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Coull has three additional papers on systematics of deep sea meiobenthic harpacticoids in this volume. A few of these species probably oc- cur on the continental shelf.) 1977. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Copepoda: Harpacticoida. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 399, 48 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. Use the key with much care because some genera known to occur off the southeastern United States are not included.) CRESSEY, R. F. 1967. Revision of the family Pandaridae (Copepoda: Caligoida). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 21 121(3570), 133 p. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) 1967. Caritus, a new genus ol caligoid copepod, with a key to the genera of Caliginae. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 123 (3623), 8 p. (ALL except UNC- ZOOL and IMS.) 1972. Revision of the genus Alebion (Copepoda: Caligoida). Smithson. Contrib. ZooL 123, 29 p. (IMS, NMFS, UNC-ZOOL.) CRESSEY, R. F., and B. B. COLLETTE. 1970. Copepods and needlefishes: a study in host- parasite relationships. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. BuU. 68:347-432. (ALL except UNC- MAIN.) HAMOND, R. 1973. Some Laophontidae (Crustacea: Harpac- ticoida) from off North Carolina. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 92:44-59. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Three new species described.) HEINLE, D. R. 1972. Free-living Copepoda of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci. 13 Suppl.:S117- S119. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN.) HO, J.-S. 1970. Revision of the genera of the Chondracanthidae, a copepod family parasitic on marine fishes. Beaufortia 17:105- 218. (Numerous species descriptions.) 1971. Parasitic copepods of the family Chondra- canthidae from fishes of eastern North America. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 87, 39 p. (IMS, NMFS, UNC-ZOOL. A key and redescriptions of 11 species.) 1977. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae and Sphyriidae. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 406, 14 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) 1978. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Copepods: Cyclopoids parasitic on fishes. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 409, 12 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) HUMES, A. G., and J. H. STOCK. 1973. A revision of the family Lichomolgidae Koss- mann, 1877, cyclopoid copepods mainly as- sociated with marine invertebrates. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 127, 368 p. (IMS, NMFS, UNC- ZOOL. Keys, diagnoses of genera, lists of species with distributions and hosts, and some species de- scriptions.) ILLG, P. L. 1958. North American copepods of the family Notodelphyidae. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 108:463- 649. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Almost always found inside the body cavities of ascidians. Key to all the genera of the family plus keys to and descriptions of the North American species.) LANG, K. 1948. Monographie der Harpacticiden. H. Ohls- sons, Lund, Swed., 1682 p. LINDGREN, E. W. 1972. Systematics and ecology of North Carolina marine sandy-beach Harpacticoida (Copepoda: Crustacea). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 212 p. (UNC-ZOOL.) 1976. Five species of Arenopontia (Copepoda, Har- pacticoida) from a North Carolina beach, U.S.A. Crustaceana 30:229-240. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Describes a new species and gives taxonomic and distribution information for the others.) MARSHALL, S. M., and A. P. ORR. 1955. The biology of a marine copepod, Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus). Oliver and Boyd, Edinb., 188 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL.) OWRE, H. B., and M. FOYO. 1967. Copepods of the Florida Current. Fauna Caribaea 1:1-137. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS.) PEARSE, A. S. 1947. Parasitic copepods from Beaufort, North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 63:1- 16. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL.) 1948. A second report on parasitic copepods col- lected at Beaufort, N. C. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 64:127-131. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL, IMS.) 1952. Parasitic crustaceans from Alligator Harbor, Florida. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 15:187- 243. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-GEN, NCSU, IMS- Repr.) SUTCLIFFE, W. H. 1950. A qualitative and quantitative study of the surface zooplankton at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ph.D. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 137 p. (DUKE-BIOL, DUML, IMS. Emphasis on copepods.) VOLKMANN-ROCCO, B. 1972. Species of Tisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from Beaufort, North Carolina. Arch. Oceanogr. Limnol. 17:223-258. WASS, M. L. (editor). 1972. (See Invertebrates - General.) (Lists 73 species of copepods.) WILSON, C. B. 1924. New North American parasitic copepods, new hosts, and notes on copepod nomenclature. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 64(17):1- 22. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS. One of a long series of papers on parasitic copepods published by Wilson mainly in the Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum dating back to 1905; the others are cited at the beginning of this paper. Caution should be exercised in using these; later workers have found inaccuracies and insufficien- cies in his descriptions.) 1932. The copepod crustaceans of Chesapeake Bay. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 80(15):l-54. (ALL 22 except UNC-ZOOL. A list of species with dis- tribution notes and illustrations.) 1932. The copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 158, 635 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Short descriptions, illustrations, and keys.) YAMAGUTL S. 1963. Parasitic Copepoda and Branchiura of fishes. John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., 1104 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Keys to the families and genera of copepod fish parasites, plus lists of species, their hosts and geographical distribution. Well il- lustrated.) Subclass Branchiura CRESSEY, R. F. 1972. Biota of freshwater ecosystems. Identifica- tion manual no. 2. The genus Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) of the United States. U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Wash., D.C., 14 p. (Argulus is the only genus of Branchiura known from the United States. Covers marine and freshwater species; has ■ illustrated key designed for use by nonspecialists.) 1978. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Crustacea: Branchiura. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 413, 10 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) MEEHAN, 0. L. 1940. A review of the parasitic Crustacea of the genus Argulus in the collections of the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 88:459-522. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Includes a key.) Subclass Cirripedia BOSCHMA, H. 1955. The described species of the family Sac- culinidae. Zool. Verb. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 27, 76 p. (DUKE-BIOL. Includes keys, a list of species with synonyms and literature cita- tions, a list of hosts, and notes on distribution.) HENRY, D. P. 1959. The distribution of the amphitrite series of Balanus in North American waters. In D. L. Ray (editor), Marine boring and fouling organisms, p. 190-211. Univ. Wash. Press, Seattle. (IMS. A key, distributional information and photographs of eight species, and descriptions of four species of this troublesome group.) PILSBRY, H. A. 1907. The barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 60, 122 p. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN. Covers the pedunculate Thoracica.) 1916. The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 93, 366 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Very useful with keys to sub- orders, families, genera, and species as well as descriptions, drawings, and photographs of species.) 1953. Notes on Floridan barnacles (Cir- ripedia). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 105:13- 28. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) ROSS, A., M. J. CERAME-VIVAS, and L. R. Mc- CLOSKEY. 1964. New barnacle records for the coast of North Carolina. Crustaceana 7:312-313. (ALL except NMFS and UNC-MAIN. Five species taken on the continental shelf.) TOMLINSON, J. T. 1969. The burrowing barnacles (Cirripedia: Order Acrothoracica). U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 296, 162 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. A key, descriptions and illustrations of species, plus information on general anatomy. Kochlorine floridana is the only species listed off the southeastern United States.) VAN ENGEL, W. A., W. A. DILLON, D. ZWERNER, and D. ELDRIDGE. 1966. Loxothylacus panopaei (Cirripedia, Sac- culinidae) an introduced parasite on a xanthid crab in Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. Crustaceana 10:110-112. (ALL except NMFS and UNC- MAIN.) ZULLO, V. A. 1963. A preliminary report on systematics and distribution of barnacles (Cirripedia) of the Cape Cod region. Syst.-Ecol. Prog., Mar. Biol. Lab., Woods Hole, Mass., 33 p. (Annotated list of species, a key, illustrations, and a useful glossary. 1966. Thoracic Cirripedia from the continental shelf off South Carolina, U.S.A. Crustaceana 11:229-244. (ALL except NMFS and UNC- MAIN. Lists six species and describes and il- lustrates four of them. Includes very useful infor- mation on the nomenclatural problems in the Balanus amphitrite group.) Subclass Malacostraca Superorder PERACARIDA Order Mysidacea BANNER, A. H. 1954. A supplement to W. M. Tattersall's 'Review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum'. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 103:575- 583. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) BRATTEGARD, T. 1969. Marine biological investigations in the Bahamas. 10. Mysidacea from shallow water in the Bahamas and southern Florida. Part 1. Sar- sia 39:17-106. (DUML, NCSU.) 23 1970. Marine biological investigations in the Bahamas. 11. Mysidacea from shallow water in the Bahamas and southern Florida. Part 2. Sar- sia 41:1-36. (DUML, NCSU.) 1970. Mysidacea from shallow water in the Carib- bean Sea. Sarsia 43:111-154. (DUML, NCSU. Includes keys to Heteromysini and Metamysidop- sis.) GORDAN, J. 1957. A bibliography of the order Mysidacea. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 112:279- 394. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and DUML.) TATTERSALL, O. S. 1969. A synopsis of the genus Mysidopsis (Mysidacea, Crustacea) with a key for the iden- tification of its known species and descriptions of two new species from South African waters. J. Zool. 158:63-79. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUML. Includes a detailed key.) TATTERSALL, W. M. 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 201, 292 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and IMS.) TATTERSALL, W. M., and 0. S. TATTERSALL. 1951. The British Mysidacea. Ray Society, Lond., 460 p. (IMS.) WIGLEY, R. L., and B. R. BURNS. 1971. Distribution and biology of mysids (Crustacea, Mysidacea) from the Atlantic coast of the United States in the NMFS Woods Hole Col- lection. Fish. Bull., U.S. 69:717-746. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN.) WILLIAMS, A. B. 1972. A ten-year study of meroplankton in North Carolina estuaries: mysid shrimps. Chesapeake Sci. 13:254-262. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Lists the species collected with distribution infor- mation.) WILLIAMS, A. B., T. E. BOWMAN, and D. M. DAMKAER. 1974. Distribution, variation, and supplemental description of the opossum shrimp, Neomysis americana (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Fish. Bull., U.S. 72:835-842. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) Order Isopoda BOURDON, R., and T. E. BOWMAN. 1970. Western Atlantic species of the parasitic genus Leidya (Epicaridea:Bopyridae). Proc. Biol. See. Wash. 83:409-424. (DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) BURBANCK, W. D. 1959. The distribution of the estuarine isopod, Cyathura sp., along the eastern coast of the United States. Ecology 40:507-511). ALL except UNC-MAIN.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 474-486. (See Invertebrates - General.) MARKHAM, J. C. 1978. Bopyrid isopwds parasitizing hermit crabs in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Mar. Sci, 28:102-117. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes a key, a list of 11 species with distribu- tion information, and descriptions of two new species.) MENZIES, R. J. 1957. The marine borer family Limnoriidae (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part I: Northern and Central America: systematics, distribution, and ecology. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 7:101- 200. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) MENZIES, R. J., and D. FRANKENBERG. 1966. Handbook on the common marine isopod Crustacea of Georgia. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens, 93 p. (The key does not include all species found in the area and should be used with caution.) RICHARDSON, H. 1905. A monograph on the isopods of North America. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 54, 727 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and IMS.) SCHULTZ, G. A. 1969. How to know the marine isopod crustaceans. W. C. Brown, Dubuque, Iowa, 359 p. (Short descriptions, illustrations, and geo- graphical ranges for nearly 500 species; illustrated keys to suborders, families, genera, and some species. See M. A. Miller's [1971] thoughtful criti- que of this work in Crustaceana 20:222-224.) SCHULTZ, G. A., and L. R. McCLOSKEY. 1967. Isopod crustaceans from the coral Oculina arbuscula Verrill. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 83:103-113. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Three species, two of them new, described.) Order Cumacea CALMAN, W. T. 1912. The Crustacea of the order Cumacea in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 41:603- 676. (UNC-MAIN, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) GAMO, S. 1967. Studies on the Cumacea of Japan. I. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 15:133-163. (DUML, DUKE-BIOL. Includes a key to families, to the subfamilies of Bodotriidae and to the species of Hemileucon.) 1968. Studies of Cumacea (Crustacea: Malacostraca) of Japan. III. Publ. Set. Mar. Biol. Lab. 16:147-192. (DUML, DUKE-BIOL. Includes a key to the genera of Diastylidae.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 467-472. (See Invertebrates - General.) 24 Order Amphipoda Order Tanaidacea BARNARD, J. L. 1958. Index to the families, genera, and species of the gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea). Al- lan Hancock Found. Publ., Occas. Pap. 19, 145 p. (UNC-MAIN, IMS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU.) 1969. The families and genera of marine gamma- ridean Amphipoda. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 271, 535 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) BOUSFIELD, E. L. 1965. Haustoriidae of New England (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 117:159- 240. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) 1973. Shallow-water gammaridean Amphipoda of New England. Cornell Univ. Press, N.Y., 312 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Excellent.) BOWMAN, T. E. 1973. Pelagic amphipods of the genus Hyperia and closely related genera (Hyperiidea:Hyperiidae). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 136, 76 p. (NMFS, IMS, UNC-ZOOL.) BOWMAN, T. E., and H. E. GRUNER. 1973. The families and genera of Hyperiidea (Crustacea:Amphipoda). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 146, 64 p. (NMFS, IMS, UNC-ZOOL. Includes descriptions of and keys to super- families, families, and genera.) BYNUM, K. H., and R. S. FOX. 1977. New and noteworthy amphipod crustaceans from North Carolina, U.S.A. Chesapeake Sci. 18:1-33. DEXTER, D. M. 1967. Distribution and niche diversity of haustoriid amphipods in North Carolina. Chesa- peake Sci. 8:187-192. (ALL except UNC- MAIN.) FEELEY, J. B., and M. L. WASS. 1971. The distribution and ecology of the Gam- m£iridea (Crustacea:Amphipoda) of the lower Chesapeake estuaries. Va. Inst. Mar. Sci., Spec. Pap. Mar. Sci. 2, 58 p. (NMFS, IMS, DUML.) FOX, R. S., and K. H. BYNUM. 1975. The amphipod crustaceans of North Carolina estuarine waters. Chesapeake Sci. 16:223-237. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes an annotated checklist, a key and distribution in- formation.) McCAIN, J. C. 1968. The CapreUidae (Crustacea:Amphipoda) of the western North Atlantic. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 278, 147 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) WTLLIAMS, A. B., and K. H. BYNUM. 1972. A ten-year study of meroplankton in North Carolina estuaries: Amphipods. Chesapeake Sci. 13:175-192. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes a checkHst of species collected and infor- mation on spatial, temporal, and vertical dis- tribution.) LANG, K. 1949. Contribution to the systematics and syn- onymies of the Tanaidacea. Ark. Zool. 42a(18):l-14. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NC- SU.) MILLER, M. A. 1968. Isopoda and Tanaidacea from buoys in coastal waters of the continental United States, Hawaii, and the Bahamas (Crustacea). Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 125 (3652): 1-53. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) RICHARDSON, H. 1905. A monograph on the isopods of North America. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 54, 727 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and IMS.) Superorder HOPLOCARIDA LUNZ,G.R.,JR. 1935. The stomatopods (mantis shrimps) of the Carolinas. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 51:151- 159. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUML.) MANNING, R. B. 1969. Stomatopod Crustacea of the western Atlan- tic. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. (Miami) 8, 380 p. (ALL except DUML. Keys to families, genera, and species; thorough species descrip- tions, illustrations, and distribution records.) Superorder EUCARIDA Order Euphausiacea EINARSSON, H. 1945. Euphausiacea. I. North Atlantic species. Dana Rep. 27. 185 p. (NCSU.) HANSEN, H. J. 1915. The Crustacea Euphausiacea of the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 48:59-114. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS. A species list including distribution records and a few species descriptions and illustrations.) JAMES, B. M. 1970. Euphausiacean Crustacea. Texas A&M Univ. Oceanogr. Stud. 1:205-229. (DUML-Ref. Mus. Includes keys, short diagnoses, illustrations of male copulatory organs, and distribution records.) MAUCHLINE, J., and L. R. FISHER. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Adv. Mar. Biol. 7, 454 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. World- wide distribution records and keys to the families, genera, and species of the Euphausiacea, plus much information on diverse aspects of their biology. TATTERS ALL, W. M. 1926. Crustaceans of the orders Euphausiacea and Mysidacea from the western Atlantic. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 69(8):1-31. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS. A species list with distribution records.) 25 Order Decapoda CHACE, F. A., JR. 1972. The shrimps of the Smithsonian — Bredin Caribbean Expeditions with a summary of the West Indian shallow-water species (Crustacea: Decapoda iNatantia). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 98, 179 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, NMFS, DUKE- BIOL, DUML. Lists all known Natantia from the shallow waters of the West Indies and some from elsewhere in the western Atlantic. Includes literature citations, distribution information, and keys. Twenty-nine new species described.) DUDLEY, D. L., and M. H. JUDY. 1971. Occurrence of larval, juvenile and mature crabs in the vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-637, 10 p. (ALL except UNC- ZOOL.) GURNEY, R. 1942. Larvae of the decapod Crustacea. Ray Society, Lond., 306 p. (Reprinted in 1960 by H. R. Engelmann, Weinheim, Germany.) (UNC- ZOOL, IMS. A general survey of decapod larvae.) HAIG, J. 1956. The Galatheidea (Crustacea Anomura) of the Allan Hancock Expedition with a review of the Porcellanidae of the western North Atlan- tic. Allan Hancock Atl. Exped. Rep. 8:1- 44. (IMS.) HOLTHUIS, L. B. 1951. A general revision of the Palaemonidae (Crustacea Decapoda Natantia) of the Americas. I. The subfamilies Euryrhynchinae and Pon- toniinae. Allsm Hancock Found. Publ., Occas. Pap. 11, 332 p. (UNC-MAIN, IMS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) 1952. A general revision of the Palaemonidae (Crustacea Decapoda Natantia) of the Americas. n. The subfamily Palaemoninae. Allan Hancock Found. Publ., Occas. Pap. 12, 396 p. (UNC- MAIN, IMS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) 1955. The Recent genera of the caridean and stenopodidean shrimps (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda, Supersection Natantia) with keys for their determination. Zool. Verb. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden 26, 157 p. (DUKE-BIOL. Good keys and illustrations.) KRUCZYNSKI, W. L. 1973. Distribution and abundance of Pinnotheres maculatus Say in Bogue Sound, North Carolina. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 145:482- 491. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) MANNING, R. B., and F. A. CHACE, JR. 1971. Shrimps of the family Processidae from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda:Caridea). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 89, 41 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUML, DUKE- BIOL, NMFS. A useful study of a group that has long been poorly understood. Includes descrip- tions, illustrations, distribution notes, and keys to genera and species.) MUSICK, J. A., and J. D. McEACHRAN. 1972. Autumn and winter occurrence of decapod crustaceans in Chesapeake Bight, U.S.A. Crustaceana 22:190-200. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS.) PEQUEGNAT, L. H. 1970. Deep-sea caridean shrimps with descriptions of six new species. Texas A&M Univ. Oceanogr. Stud. 1:59-123. (DUML-Ref. Museum. Keys, species diagnoses, and distribution records, plus some species descriptions. A few of the species probably occur on the outer continental shelf off the southeastern United States.) PfiREZ FARFANTE, I. 1969. Western Atlantic shrimps of the genus Penaeus. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 67:461-591. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Very thorough anatomical descriptions, distribution data, reproductive and developmental informa- tion, and a key.) PEREZ FARFANTE, I., and H. R. BULLIS, JR. 1973. Western Atlantic shrimps of the genus Solenocera with description of a new species (Crustacea : Decapoda :Penaeidae). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 153, 33 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Thorough species descriptions, illustrations, distribution informa- tion, and a key.) PINSCHMIDT, W. C, JR. 1963. Distribution of crab larvae in relation to some environmental conditions in the Newport River estuary. North Carolina. Ph.D. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 112 p. (DUKE-BIOL, DUML. Spatial and seasonal occurrence of 11 common brachyuran and anomuran larvae.) PRICE, K. S., JR. 1962. Biology of the sand shrimp, Crangon septem- spinosa, in the shore zone of the Delaware Bay region. Chesapeake Sci. 3:244-255. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN. Includes information on growth, reproduction, and food.) PROVENZANO, A. J., JR. 1959. The shallow-water hermit crabs of Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 9:349- 420. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. An extensive work containing keys, descriptions, il- lustrations, distribution data, and a glossary.) RATHBUN, M. J. 1918. The grapsoid crabs of America. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 97, 461 p. 1925. The spider crabs of America. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 129, 613 p. 1930. The cancroid crabs of America of the families Euryalidae, Portunidae, Atelecyclidae, Cancridae and Xanthidae. U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull. 152, 609 P- 26 1937. The oxystomatous and allied crabs of America. U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull. 166, 278 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. These four volumes comprise the classic systematic mono- graph of American Brachyura.) SANDIFER, P. A. 1973. Distribution and abundance of decapod crustacean larvae in the York River estuary and adjacent lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, 1968- 1969. Chesapeake Sci. 14:235-257. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN. Seasonal and spatial distribu- tion of 37 species of decapod larvae.) SCHMITT, W. L. 1935. Mud shrimps of the Atlantic coast of North America. Smithson. Misc. Collect. 93:1- 21. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU, DUKE-GEN, NMFS.) WILLIAMS, A. B. 1965. A new genus and species of snapping shrimp (Decapoda, Alpheidae) from the southeastern United States. Crustaceana 9:192-198. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. The original description of Leptalpheus forceps.) 1965. Marine decapod crustaceans of the Carolinas. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 65:1-298. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. The central work for the identification of adult decapods in this area. Keys, descriptions, illustrations, and distribution, habitat, and other ecological infor- mation.) 1971. A ten -year study of meroplankton in North Carolina estuaries: annual occurrence of some brachyuran developmental stages. Chesapeake Sci. 12:53-61. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1974. The swimming crabs of the genus Callinectes (Decapoda:Portunidae). Fish. Bull., U.S. 72:685-798. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. A thorough revision of the genus including keys, species descriptions, illustrations, and distribu- tion information.) WILLIAMS, A. B., L. R. McCLOSKEY, and I. E. GRAY. 1968. New records of brachyuran decapod crusta- ceans from the continental shelf off North Carolina, U.S.A. Crustaceana 15:41-66. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Measurements, habitat, distribution information, and illustra- tions, but no descriptions or keys.) WILLIAMSON, D. I. 1957. Crustacea, Decapoda: Larvae. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Fiches Identification Zooplancton 67, 7 p. (DUML, NMFS, UNC-ZOOL. Useful keys to sections, subsections, and some families of decapod larvae; illustrations of representative species.) PHYLUM POGONOPHORA NIELSEN, C. 1965. Four new species of Pogonophora from the Atlantic Ocean off southern Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 15:964-986. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) SOUTHWARD, E. C. 1971. Pogonophora of the northwest Atlantic: Nova Scotia to Florida. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 88, 29 p. (IMS, NMFS, UNC-ZOOL. A key to species, a few new species descriptions, and dis- tribution information. Pogonophorans have been found off the east coast from the edge of the con- tinental shelf down to the abyssal plain.) 1971. Recent researches on the Pogono- phora. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 9:193- 220. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and IMS. Infor- mation on the geographic distribution of recently described species and on many aspects of the ecology, anatomy, physiology, and systematics of the group.) SOUTHWARD, E. C, and T. BRATTEGARD. 1968. Pogonophora of the northwest Atlantic: North Carolina region. Bull. Mar. Sci. 18:836- 875. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) PHYLUM PRIAPULIDA It is not known whether priapulids occur off the south- eastern United States. These references are included on the possibility that they may be discovered here. HIGGINS, R. P. 1972. Priapulida of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesa- peake Sci. 13 Suppl.:S102-Sl03. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN. The title notwithstand- ing, no priapulids have been found in Chesapeake Bay. He believed they may eventually be found there.) van der LAND, J. 1970. Systematics, zoogeography, and ecology of the Priapulida. Zool. Verb. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden 112, 118 p. (DUKE-BIOL.) PHYLUM TARDIGRADA HIGGINS, R. P. 1972. Tardigrade of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesa- peake Sci. 13 Suppl.:S103-Sl04. (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN.) UNDGREN, E. W. 1971. Psammolittoral marine tardigrades from North Carolina and their conformity to world- wide zonation patterns. Cah. Biol. Mar. 12:481- 496. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Includes the description of one new species, diagnoses of four others, and distribution data.) McGINTY, M. M., and R. P. HIGGINS. 1968. Ontogenetic variation of taxonomic characters of two marine tardigrades with the description of Batillipes bullacaudatus n. sp. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 87:252- 262. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS, DUKE-BIOL, DUML.) 27 POLLOCK, L. W. 1970. Distribution and dynamics of interstitial Tardigrada at Woods Hole, Mass., U.S.A. Ophelia 7:145-165. (ALL except UNC- MAIN and IMS.) 1976. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Tardigrada. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ.-394, 25 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. General biology, pictoral key, and annotated species list of the known marine tardigrades of the world to a depth of 5,000 m.) RAMAZZOTTI, G. 1972. D Phylum Tardigrada. 2nd edizione. Mem. 1st. Ital. Idrobiol. Dott Marco De Marchi 28, 732 p. (Key to and descriptions of all known species of tardigrades, plus sections on other aspects of their biology.) RENAUD-MORNANT, J., and L. W. POLLOCK. 1971. A review of the systematica and ecology of marine Tardigrada. In N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 109-117 (see Invertebrates - General). PHYLUM ENTOPROCTA MATURO, F. J. S., JR. 1957. A study of the Bryozoa of Beaufort, North Carolina, and vicinity. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. See. 73:11-68. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. Includes descriptions and illustrations of three species of entoprocts.) NIELSEN, C. 1966. Some Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Ophelia 3:249-275. (ALL except UNC-MAIN, IMS. Describes 11 species, 8 of them new.) ROGICK, M. D. 1964. Phylum Entoprocta. In R. I. Smith (editor), p. 165-166 (see Invertebrates - General). PHYLUM ECTOPROCTA BASSLER, R. S. 1953. Bryozoa. In R. C. Moore (editor). Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part G. Geol. Soc. Am., Univ. Kansas Press, Lawrence, 253 p. (UNC-GEOL. Useful for living genera as well as fossils.) GRAY, J. S. 1971. The meiobenthic Bryozoa. /n N. C. Hulings (editor), p. 37-39 (see Invertebrates - General). LAGAAIJ, R. 1963. New additions to the bryozoan fauna of the Gulf of Mexico. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Tex. 9:162-236. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) LONG, E. R., and J. B. RUCKER. 1970. Offshore marine cheilostome Bryozoa from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 6:18-25. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and DUKE- BIOL. A list of species plus photographs.) MATURO, F. J. S., JR. 1957. A study of the Bryozoa of Beaufort, North Carolina, and vicinity. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 73:11-68. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL. A most useful paper; descriptions and illustrations of 59 species.) 1959. Seasonal distribution and settling rates of ea- tuarine Bryozoa. Ecology 40:116-127. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN.) 1966. Bryozoa of the southeast coast of the United States: Bugulidae and Beaniidae (Cheilostomata: Anasca). Bull. Mar. Sci. 16:556-583. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN. Keys to and descriptions of the species of Bugu/a, Caulibugula, and Bea«ia which occur from Cape Hatteras to Florida both inshore and offshore.) 1968. The distributional pattern of the Bryozoa of the east coast of the United States exclusive of New England. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 108:261- 284. (IMS-Repr., DUML-Repr. Species dredged from the continental shelf.) OSBORN, R. C. 1944. A survey of the Bryozoa of Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Biol. Lab. Publ. 63:1- 59. (NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) ROGICK, M. D. 1948. Studies on marine Bryozoa. U. Barentsia laxa Kirkpatrick 1890. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 94 : 128- 142 . (ALL except IMS and UNC-MAIN . ) RYLAND, J. S. 1962. Biology and identification of intertidal Poly- zoa. Field Stud. 1(4):1-19. SHIER, D. E. 1964. Marine Bryozoa from northwest Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 14:603- 662. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA DALL, W. H. 1920. Annotated list of the Recent Brachiopoda in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 57:261- 377. (ALL except UNC-ZOOL and IMS.) PAINE, R. T. 1963. Ecology of the brachiopod Glottidia pyramidata. Ecol. Monogr. 33:187-213. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Distribution, reproduction, larval ecology, growth, population dynamics, and other aspects of ecology.) WILLL\MS, A., et al. 1965. Brachiopoda. In R. C. Moore (editor). Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part H, Vols. 1-2. Geol. Soc. Am., Univ. Kansas Press, Lawrence, 927 p. (UNC-GEOL.) PHYLUM PHORONIDA BROOKS, W. K., and R. P. COWLES. 1905. Phoronis architecta: its life history. 28 anatomy, and breeding habits. Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 10:71-148. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU.) EMIG, C. C. 1974. The systematica and evolution of the phylum Phoronida. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch. 12:128-151. (DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Diagnoses, illustrations, and distributional information for all the species in the phylum.) PAINE, R. T. 1961. Observations on Phoronis architecta in Florida waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 11:457-462. (ALL except IMS.) PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA BIERMAN, J. A. 1943. Echinoderm larvae of Beaufort, North Carolina. M.A. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 50 P- CLARK, A. H. 1931. A monograph of the existing crinoids, vol. 1: the comatulids, part 3: superfamily Comasterida. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 82(3):1- 816. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Includes a key to families and higher groups; includes descriptions, photographs, and distribution information for several species found off southeastern United States.) CLARK, A. M., and F. W. E. ROWE. 1971. Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond., 238 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Includes many families and genera also found on the U.S. east coast; a good place to begin when faced with an unknown echinoderm.) CLARK, H. L. 1907. The apodous holothurians: a monograph of the Synaptidae and Molpadiidae. Smithson. Contrib. Knowl. 35(1723):1-231. (UNC-MAIN, NCSU.) 1915. Catalogue of Recent ophiurans: based on the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 25:163-376. (NCSU.) 1924. The Synaptinae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 65:457-501. (NCSU.) CULVER, S. 1961. Observations on the biology of the sand dol- lar Mellita quinquiesperforata. M.A. Thesis, Duke Univ., Durham, 109 p. DAVIS, W. P. 1966. Observations on the biology of the ophiuroid Astrophyton muricatum. Bull. Mar. Sci. 16:435- 444. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) DEICHMANN, E. 1930. The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Har- vard Coll. 71:43-226. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL.) 1954. The holothurians of the Gulf of Mex- ico. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 55:381- 410. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Keys, diagnoses, and illustrations.) DOWNEY, M. E. 1973. Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 126, 158 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, NMFS. Includes some species from the southeastern United States. Brief descriptions, photographs, and keys.) FELL, H. B. 1960. Synoptic keys to the genera of Ophiuroidea. Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ. Wel- lington, N.Z. 26, 44 p. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU.) 1962. A revision of the major genera of amphiurid Ophiuroidea. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. Zool. 2:1- 26. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL.) GRAY, I. E., M. E. DOWNEY, and M. J. CERAME- VIVAS. 1968. Sea-stars of North Carolina. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 67:127-163. (ALL ex- cept UNC-MAIN. Most useful, includes keys, species descriptions, and photographs.) HALPERN, J. A. 1970. Biological investigations of the deep sea. 51. Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the Straits of Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 20:193- 286. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Species diagnoses, descriptions, and photographs. A few species are found off southeastern United States.) KOEHLER, R. 1914. A contribution to the study of ophiurans of the United States National Museum. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 84, 173 p. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) MORTENSEN, T. 1928. A monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel Publ., Copenhagen, 551 p. 1935. A monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocen- troida and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel Publ., Copenhagen, 647 p. 1943. A monograph of the Echinoidea. UI. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel Publ., Copenhagen, 553 p. 1943. A monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocen- trotidae, Parasaleniidae and Echinome- tridae. C. A. Reitzel Publ., Copenhagen, 446 p. 1948. A monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeastroida. Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel Publ., Copenhagen, 471 p. 1951. A monograph of the Echinoidea. V. 2. Spatangoida. U. Amphistemata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Bris- sidae. C. A. Reitzel Publ., Copenhagen, 593 p. 29 PAWSON, D. L. 1977. Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Holothuroidea. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 405, 15 p. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE- BIOL. Species Hst and key cover the area be- tween Nova Scotia and New Jersey, but some of the species range further south.) PHELAN, T. 1970. A field guide to the cidaroid echinoids of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 40, 67 p. (IMS, NMFS. Species descriptions and a key. A few of these species are found in deep water off southeastern United States.) 1972. Comments on the echinoid genus Encope, and a new subgenus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 85:109-130. (NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. Includes de- scriptions of two species found on the southeast- em U.S. coast.) THOMAS, L. P. 1962. The shallow water amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata:Ophiuroidea) of Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 12:623-694. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA OWRE, H. B. 1960. Plankton of the Florida Current. Part VI. The Chaetognatha. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 10:255-322. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Extensive information on horizontal and vertical distribution, seasonal distribution, and breeding jjeriods.) PIERCE, E. L. 1953. The Chaetognatha over the continental shelf of North Carolina with attention to their relation to the hydrography of the area. J. Mar. Res. 12:75-92. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1958. The Chaetognatha of the inshore waters of North Carolina. Limnol. Oceanogr. 3:166- 170. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) PIERCE, E. L., and M. L. WASS. 1962. Chaetognatha from the Florida Current and coastal water of the southeastern Atlantic states. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 12:403-431. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. Distributions of 12 species related to hydrography.) SUAREZ-CAABRO, J. A., and J. E. MADRUGA. 1960. The Chaetognatha of the northeastern coast of Honduras, Central America. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 10:421-429. (ALL except UNC- MAIN and NMFS. Includes illustrations of some species found in southeastern U.S. waters.) ALVARINO, A. 1965. Chaetognaths. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 3:115-194. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. A thorough monograph of the phylum covering dis- tribution and general biology. No species descrip- tions or keys, but there are many in the references cited.) BUMPUS, D. F., and E. L. PIERCE. 1955. The hydrography and the distribution of chaetognaths over the continental shelf off North Carolina. Deep-Sea Res. 3, Suppl.:92- 109. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and NMFS. Distributions of 12 species of chaetognaths with attempts to correlate them with the distribution of water masses.) FRASER, J. H. 1957. Chaetognatha. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Fiches Identification Zooplancton 1, 6 p. (DUML, DUKE-BIOL, NMFS. Illustrations of many species found off the U.S. east coast.) GRANT, G. C. 1963. Chaetognatha from inshore coastal waters off Delaware, and a northward extension of the known range of Sagitta tenuis. Chesapeake Sci. 4:38-42. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) 1963. Investigations of inner continental shelf waters off lower Chesapeake Bay. Part IV. De- scriptions of the Chaetognatha and a key to their identification. Chesapeake Sci. 4:107- 119. (ALL except UNC-MAIN. A key to species and species descriptions but no illustrations.) PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA BAYER, F. M. 1962. A new species of Cephalodiscus (Hemichor- data: Pterobranchia), the first record from the tropical western Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 12:306-312. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 591-593. (See Invertebrates - General.) HYMAN, L. H. 1959. The Invertebrates: smaller coelomate groups. Volume V. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N.Y., 783 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS. Pages 72-207 concern hemichordates, including sections on systematics and geographical distribution.) PHYLUM CHORD ATA Subphylum Cephalochordata BIGELOW, H. B., and I. PEREZ FARFANTE. 1948. Lancelets. Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Found. Mar. Res., Mem. 1:1- 28. (IMS.) BOSCHUNG, H. T., JR., and G. GUNTER. 1966. A new species of lancelet, Branchiostoma bennetti (Order Amphioxi), from Louisiana. Copeia 1966:485-489. (ALL except UNC-MAIN and DUML. Includes comparison with other species.) 30 CORY, R. L., and E. L. PIERCE. 1967. Distribution and ecology of lancelets (order Amphioxi) over the continental shelf of the south- eastern United States. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12:650-656. (ALL except UNC-MAIN.) FRANKENBERG, D. 1968. Seasonal aggregation in amphioxus. Bio- science 18:877-878. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Seasonal changes in population density, size distribution, and gonadal development of Branchiostoma caribaeum at a station 38.5 km off Sapelo Island, Ga.) HARIMA, H. 1973. Life history of Branchiostoma floridae Hubbs (Order Amphioxi). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Alabama, University, 110 p. (Includes a tax- onomic comparison of southeastern U.S. species of Branchiostoma.) HUBBS, C. L. 1922. A list of the lancelets of the world with diagnoses of five new species of Branchio- stoma. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 105:1-16. Subphylum Urochordata BERRILL, N. J. 1950. The Tunicata, with an account of the British species. Ray Society, Lond., 354 p. BROOKS, W. K. 1908. The pelagic tunicata of the Gulf Stream. II. Salpa floridana. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 102:75-80. (NCSU.) BUCKERMANN, A. 1945. Appendicularia I-III. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Fiches Indentification Zooplancton 7, 8 p. (DUML, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL.) FRASER, J. H. 1947. Thaliacea I. Family Salpidae. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Fiches Identification Zooplancton 9, 4 p. (DUML, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL.) 1947. Thaliacea II. Family Doliolidae. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Fiches Identification Zooplancton 10, 4 p. (DUML, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL.) GOSNER, K. L. 1971. Pages 594-620. (See Invertebrates - General.) METCALF, M. M. 1919. The Salpidae: a taxonomic study. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 10O(2):5-193. (DUML, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. Includes species descrip- tions and illustrations.) METCALF, M. M., and H. S. HOPKINS. 1919. Pyrosoma: a taxonomic study based upon the collections of the United States Bureau of Fisheries and the United States National Museum. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 100(2):195- 272. (DUML, NMFS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU, UNC-ZOOL. Species descriptions, illustrations, and general biology of the genus.) MONNIOT, C, and F. MONNIOT. 1972. Cle Mondiale des genres d'Ascidies. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 113:311-367. (UNC-ZOOL, NCSU, DUKE-MED. Keys in French and English to ascidian families and genera of the world.) PLOUGH, H. H. 1978. Sea squirts of the Atlantic continental shelf from Maine to Texas. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 118 p. VAN NAME, W. G. 1921. Ascidians of the West Indian region and southeastern United States. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 44:283-494. (NMFS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU. UNC-MAIN.) 1945. The North and South American ascidians. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 84:1-476. (NMFS, DUKE-BIOL, NCSU, UNC-MAIN, IMS. A large and thorough work including keys, species descriptions, and illustrations.) 31 AUTHOR INDEX ABBOTT, R. T 14, 15 ADAMS, J. A 3 AGUAYO, C. G 15 ALLWEIN, J 5 ALVARIIstO, A 30 ANDERSON, H. G., JR 8 ANDREWS, J 14 ANDREWS, J. D 17 BAKER, H. M 20 BAKER, J. H 20 BANNER, A. H 23 BARDEN, A. A., JR 13 BARGMANN, H. E 6 BARNARD, J. L 24 BARNES, B. M 19 BARNES, R. D 19 BARTSCH, P 17 BASSLER, R. S 28 BATTLE, F. V 19 BAYER, F. M 6, 30 BEQUAERT, J. C 15 BERNER, L., JR 16 BERRILL, N. J 31 BERRY, S. S 18 BERVIUS, B 11 BIERMAN, J. A 29 BIGELOW, H. B 5, 30 BIRD, S. 0 14 BISHOP, J. W 7 BISHOP, S. H 3 BLACKWELDER, B. W 4 BLAKE, J. A 11 BOADEN, P. J 9 BOESCH, D. F 3 BOSCH, H. F 20 BOSCHMA, H 23 BOSCHUNG, H. T 30 BOSS, K. J 17 BOURDON, R 24 BOUSFIELD, E. L 24 BOWMAN, T. E 21, 24, 25 BRADLEY, G. H 19 BRATTEGARD, T 23, 27 BREHMER, M. L 3 BRETT, C. E 3, 14 BRINKHURST, R. 0 13 BROOKS, W. K 28, 31 BRUNSON, R. B 9 BUCKERMANN, A 31 BULLIS, H. R., JR 26 BULLOCK, W. L 11 BUMPUS, D. F 30 BURBANCK, W. D 24 BURNS, B. R 24 BURRELL, V. G 7 BURTON, M 5 BUSH, K. J 17 BUSH, L 7 BYCHOWSKY, B. E 8 BYNUM, K. H 25 CAIN, T. D 3 CALDER, D. R 3, 5, 6 CALMAN, W. T 24 CARGO, D. G 6 CARLGREN, 0 7 CARRIKER, M. R 2, 3 CAUSEY, D 21 CERAME-VrVAS, M. J 3, 23, 29 CHACE, F. A., JR 25, 26 CHADWICK, H. C 2 CHANDLER, A. C 9 CHANLEY, P. E 11, 17 CHEN, C 15 CHENG, L 19 CHESTNUT, A. F 6, 17 CHITWOOD, B. G 10 CLARK, A. H 29 CLARK, A. M 29 CLARK, H. L 29 CLARK, R. B 11 CLARKE, M. R 18 CLAUSEN, C 6 CLENCH, W. J 15, 17 COE, W. R 9 COHEN, A. C 20 COLLETTE, B. B 22 CONES, H. N., JR 6 CONOVER, R. J 21 COOK, D. G 13 COPELAND, B. J 3 CORREA, D. D 9 CORY, R. L 3, 30 COULL, B. C 21 COWLES, R. P 4 CRESSEY, R. F 21, 22, 23 CREZEE, M 7 CRITES, J. L 10 CRONIN, L. E 4 CULVER, S 29 CUTLER, E. B 13 DAIBER, J. C 4 DALES, R. P 11 DALL, W. H 14, 16, 28 DAMKAER, D. M 24 DANIELS, B. A 13 DARBY, D. G 20 DAVIS, C. C 2 DAVIS, J. M 11 DAVIS, L. V 19 DAVIS, W. P 29 DAY, J. H 3, 11 de CONINCK, L 10 DEEVEY, G. B 5, 20 DEICHMANN, E 7, 29 32 de LAUBENFELS, M. W 5 DEXTER, D. M 3, 4, 25 DILLON, W. A 8, 23 DORJES, J 3 DOWNEY, M. E 29 DUDLEY, D. L 26 EDMONDS, S. J 14 EDMONDSON, W. T 11, 18 EINARSSON, H 25 ELDRIDGE, D 23 EMERSON, W. K 16 EMIG, C. C 28 FAUCHALD, K 12 FAUVEL, P 12 FEELEY, J. B 25 FELL, H. B 29 FENCHEL, T. M 3 FERGUSON, F. F 7, 8, 13 FIELD, J. G 3 FIELD, L. R 7 FISHER, L. R 25 FISHER, W. K 13. 14 FOSTER, N. M 12 FOX, R. S 25 FOYO, M 22 FRANKENBERG, D 24, 30 FRANZ, D. R 15 FRASER, CM 4 FRASER, J. H 30, 31 FREY, D. G 3 FREY, R. W 3 GALTSOFF, P. S 17 GAMO, S 24 GARDINER, S. L 12 GEORGE, W. C 5 GEROULD, J. H 13 GERTSCH, W. J 19 GORDAN, J 23 GOSNER, K. L. .2, 7, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 30, 31 GRANT, G. C 30 GRAVELY, F. H 12 GRAY, I. E 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 19, 28, 29 GRAY, J. S 2 GRICE, G. D 5 GRUNER, H. E 25 GUNTER, G 30 GURNEY, R 26 HACKETT, H. E 3 HACKNEY, A. G 14 HAIG, J 26 HALEY, A. J 11 HALL, J. R 20 HALPERN, J. A 29 HAMOND, R 22 HANSEN, H. J 25 HARGIS, W. J., JR 8 HARIMA, H 31 HART, A. D 5 HARTMAN, 0 12 HARTMAN, W. D 5 HAVEN, D. S 6 HEATH, H 17 HECHTEL, G. L 5 HEDGPETH, J. W 3, 7, 18 HEINLE, D. R 22 HENDERSON, J. B 16 HENRY, D. P 23 HERMAN, S. S 5 HESSLER, R. R 20 HIGGINS, R. P 11, 27 HILLMAN, N. S 15 HO, J.-S 22 HOFF, C. C 19 HOLTHUIS, L. B 26 HOPE, W. D 10 HOPKINS, H. S 31 HOPKINS, S. H 5 HOPPER, B. E 10 HOUBRICK, R. S 15 HOWARD, J. D 3 HUBBS, C. L 31 HUIZINGA. H. W 11 HULBERT, E. M 4 HULING, P 4 HULINGS, N. C 2, 20, 21 HUMES, A. G 22 HUMM, H. J 4 HUMMON, W. D 9 HYMAN, L. H 7, 17, 30 ILLG, P. L 22 JACOT, A. P 14 JAMES, B. M 25 JAMEESON, B. G. M 13 JENNER, C. E 15 JOHNSON, C. W 14, 17 JOHNSTONE, J 2 JONES, E. R 13 JOSEPH, E. B 6 JOUIN, C 13 JUDY, M. H 26 KARLSON, R. H 4 KEPNER, W. A 8 KERBY, C 2 KING, C. E 21 KING, W. V 19 KIRBY-SMITH, W. W 2 KIRSTEUER, E 9 KLIE, W 21 KNIGHT-JONES, E. W 13 KOEHLER, R 29 KORATHA, K. J 8 KORNICKER, L. S 20, 21 KRAEUTER, J. N 6, 18 KRAMP, P. L 6 KRUCZYNSKL W. L 26 LAGAAIJ, R 28 LANG, K 22, 25 LARSON, R. J 6 LASSERRE, P 13 LAWLER, A. R 8, 13 33 LEVIN, N 9 LINCICOME, D. R 11 LINDGREN, E. W 22, 27 LINTON, E 8 LITTLER, J. W 7 LIVINGSTONE, R., JR 3 LLEWELLYN, L. C 13 LOCHHEAD, J. H 19, 20 LONG, E. R 28 LUNZ, G. R., JR 25 MADRUGA, J. E 30 MAGALHAES, H 15 MANGUM, C. P 12 MANNING, R. B 25, 26 MANTER, H. W 8 MARCUS, ERNST 15, 16 MARCUS, EVELINE 15, 16 MARKHAM, J. C 24 MARSH, G. A 4 MARSHALL, S. M 22 MATURO, F. J. S., JR 28 MAUCHLINE, J 25 MAYER, A. G 6, 7 McCAIN, J. C 25 McCAUL, W. E 9 McCLOSKEY, L. R 4, 18, 23, 24, 27 McCRARY, A. B 5, 12 McDOUGALL, K. D 4 McDUFFIE, W. C 19 McEACHRAN, J. D 26 McERLEAN, A. J 2 McGINTY, M. M 5, 27 McMAHAN, E. A 3 McMAHON, J. W 8 MEEHAN, 0. L 23 MENZIES, R. J 4, 24 MERRILL, A. S 17 METCALF, M. M 31 MEYER, M. C 13 MIHURSKY, J. A 5 MILLER, M. A 25 MILLER, R. J 7 MINER, R. W 2 MONNIOT, C 31 MONNIOT, F 31 MONTGOMERY, M. P 3 MOORE, H. B 6 MORALES-ALAMO, R 8 MORRIS, P. A 14 MORRISON, J. P. E 17 MORTENSEN, T 29 MUCHMORE, W. B 19 MUSICK, J. A 26 M\-ERS, F. J 11 MYERS, T. D 16 NEALE, J. W 21 NELSON, T. C 7 NEWELL, G. E 2 NEWELL, I. M 19 NEWELL, R. C 2 NIELSEN, C 27, 28 NUTTING, C. C 6 ODUM, H. T 3 OLD, M. C 5 OLSEN, L. S 10 ORR, A. P 22 OSBORN, R. C 28 OTT, J. A 10 OVERSTREET, R. M 8, 13 OWRE, H. B 22, 30 PAINE, R. T 28 PARR, A. E 6 PATTON, W. K 4 PAWSON, D. L 29 PEARSE, A. S 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 22 PENNAK, R. W 18, 20 PEQUEGNAT, L. H 26 PEREZ FARFANTE, 1 16, 26, 30 PETTIBONE, M. H 12 PFITZENMEYER, H. T 14 PHELAN, T 29 PHILLIPS, P. J 9 PICKFORD, G. E 18 PIERCE, E. L 30 PILKEY, 0. H 4 PILSBRY, H. A 23 PINSCHMIDT, W. C, JR 26 PLOUGH, H. H 31 POLLOCK, L. W 27, 28 PORTER, H.J 4, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17 POULSEN, E. M 21 POWELL, A. W. B 16 PRATT, H. S 2 PRENANT, M 13 PRICE, E. W 8 PRICE, K. S., JR 26 PROVENZANO, A. J., JR 26 RAMAZZOTTI, G 28 RATHBUN, M.J 26 RENAUD-MORNANT, J 28 RHODES, W. R., JR 12 RICHARDSON, H 24, 25 RIEDL, R. J 3, 9 RIEGER, R. M 7, 8 ROBERTSON, R 16 ROBSON, G. C 18 ROGICK, M. D 28 ROPER, C. F. E 18 ROSEWATER, J 17 ROSS, A 23 ROWE, F. W. E 29 RUCKER, J. B 28 RUPPERT, E. E 10 RUSSEL, H. D. . . . 16 RUSSELL, F. S 6 RYLAND, J. S 28 SANDBERG, P. A 21 SANDERS, H. L 20 SANDIFER, P. A 26 SANTOS, S. L 12 34 SAVILOV, A. 1 19 SAWYER, R. T 13 SCHELTEMA, R. A 19 SCHMITT, W. L 27 SCHOEPFER-STERRER, C 10 SCHULTZ, G. A 24 SCHULTZ, L. P 6 SCHWARTZ, F. J 4, 6 SCOTT, A 2 SETZLER, E. M 6 SHIER, D. E 28 SHUSTER, C. N., JR 19 SKINNER, R 8 SKOGSBERG, T 21 SMITH, C. N 19 SMITH, L. C 17 SMITH, M 15 SMITH, R. 1 2, 12 SOUTHWARD, E. C 27 STEPHEN, A. C 14 STEPHENSON, A 4 STEPHENSON, J 13 STEPHENSON, T. A 4, 7 STERRER, W 8, 9 STIREWALT, M. A 8 STOCK. J. H 22 STOJANOVICH, C. J 19 STUNKARD, H. W 8 SUAREZ-CAABRO, J. A 30 SUTCLIFFE, W. H 4, 5, 22 SUTHERLAND, J. P 4 SWEDMARK, B 4, 16 TATTERSALL, O. S 24 TATTERSALL, W. M 24, 25 TAYLOR, D 16 TAYLOR, W. R 20 TEAL, J. M 10 TENORE, K. R 4 TESCH, J. J 16 TESKEY, H. J 19 THANE-FENCHEL, A 10 THOMAS, L. P 30 THOMAS, R. F 18 TIMM, R. W 10 TOMLINSON, J. T 23 TOTTON, A. K 6 TRESSLER, W. L 21 TURNER, E. C, JR 19 TURNER, R. D 4, 15, 16, 17 TYLER, J 15 USINGER, R. L 20 VAN CLEAVE, H. J U van der LAND, J 27 VAN ENGEL, W. A 23 VAN NAME, W. G 31 VANNUCCI, M 2 VERNBERG, F. J 4 VERNBERG, W. B 4 VERRILL, A. E 17, 18 VOLKMANN-ROCCO, B 22 VOSS, G. L 18 VOSS, N. A 18 WARD, H. B 10 WARD, H. L 11 WARMKE, G. L 15 WASS, M. L 2, 22, 25, 30 WELLS, H. W 4, 5, 12, 16 WELLS, M. J 4, 5, 16 WESTHEIDE, W 12 WHARTON, G. W 4 WICKSTEAD, J. H 2 WIESER, W 10 WIGLEY, R. L 24 WILLIAMS, A 28 WILLIAMS, A. B 17, 24, 27 WILLIAMS, L. G 4 WILLIAMSON, D. 1 27 WILSON, C. B 14, 22 WILSON, H. V 5 WIRTENSON, M. E 4 WIRTH, W. W 20 WOLFE, D. A 15 WOLFE, N 15 WORMELLE, R. L 15, 16 YAMAGUTI, S 8, 9, 10, 11, 22 YOUNG, R. E 18 ZINN, D. J 20 ZULLO, V. A 23 ZWERNER, D. E 8, 23 35 SYSTEMATIC INDEX This index contains the invertebrate taxa from order to subfamily cited in the reference and annotations. In cases where an anglicized derivative of the Latin name was used, the Latin name is listed followed by the derivative in parentheses. Acanthocotylidae 26 Acari 19 Acoela 7 Acrothoracica 23 Actiniaria '! Alciopidae 11 Alloeocoela 8 Alpheidae 27 Amphioxi 30 Amphipoda (amphipods) 24, 25 Amphisternata 29 Amphiuridae (amphiurid) 29 Anasca 28 Anaspidea 15 Ancorabolidae 21 Anomura (anomuran) 26 Aphroditidae 12 Arachnoididae 29 Aspidocotylea 9 Atelecyclidae 26 Beaniidae 28 Bodotriidae 24 Bonneviellidae 6 Bopyridae 24 Bothriocidaroida 29 Brachyura (brachyuran) 26, 27 Brissidae 29 Bugulidae 28 Calanoida 21 Caliginae 22 Caligoida (caligoid) 22 Camarodonta 29 Campanularidae 6 Cancridae 26 Capitellidae 12 Caprellidae 9 Capsaloidea 8 Cardiidae 17 Caridea (caridean) 26 Catenulida 8 Cephalaspidea 15 Ceratopogonidae 19 Ceriantharia 7 Cerithiidae 15 Cheilostomata (cheilostome) 28 Chelonethida 19 Chironomidae 20 Chondracanthidae 22 Cidaroida (cidaroid) 29 Cladocera (cladocerans) 20 Cletodidae 21 Clionidae 5 Clypeastridae 29 Clypeastroida 29 Comasterida 29 Comatulida (comatulids) 29 Corallimorpharia 7 Cryptorhagae 11 Cumacea 24 Cyatholaimidae 10 Cyclopoida (cyclopoid) 22 Cymatiidae 15, 16 Cypraeidae 16 Cypridinacea 21 Cypridinidae (cypridinids) 21 Cypridiniformes 21 Cypridininae 21 Decapoda (decapod) 13, 25, 26, 27 Diastylidae 24 Diclidophoroidea 8 Digenea (digenetic) 8 Diptera 19, 20 Doliolidae 31 Echinidae 29 Echinometridae 29 Enchytraeidae 13 Epicaridea 24 Euclymeninae 12 Eunicea 12 Euphausiacea (euphausiacean, euphausiids) 25 Euryalidae 26 Euryrhynchinae 26 Fibulariidae 29 Fissurellidae (fissurellid) 16 Galatheidea 26 Gammaridea (gammaridean) 24 Gastrocotylidae 8 Gerridae 19 Glossiphoniidae 13 Glyphocyphidae 29 Goniasteridae 29 Gorgoniidae 6 Gymnosomata 16 Halacaridae 19 Halocypridae (halocyprids) 21 Harpacticoida (Harpacticiden) 21, 22 Haustoriidae (haustoriid) 24, 25 Hemiptera 19 Heteromysini 23 36 Heteropoda 16 Histioteuthidae 18 Homalorhagida (homalorhagid) 11 Hydroida (hydroids) 5, 6 Hyperiidae 25 Hyperiidea 25 Isopoda (isopod) 24, 25 Jouannetiinae 17 Kalyptorhynchia 7 Laganidae 29 Laophontidae 22 Lepidocentroida 29 Lernaeopodidae 22 Lichomolgidae 22 Lininoriidae 24 Loveniidae 29 Loxosomatidae 28 Macrodasyoidea (macrodasyoid) 10 Macrostomidae (macrostomine) 7 Maldanidae (maldanid) 12 Martesiinae 17 Melonechinoida 29 Microbothriidae 26 Molpadiidae 29 Monocotylidae 8 Monogenea (monogenetic) 8, 9 Myodocopa (myodocopid) 21 Myodocopina 20 Mysidacea (mysid) 23, 24, 25 Naididae 13 Natantia 25, 26 Neotonchinae 10 Nudibranchia (nudibranch) 15, 16 Octopoda 18 Octopodinae 18 Olpiidae 19 Onuphidae (onuphid) 12 Opistocystidae 13 Orthopsidae 29 Oxystomata (oxystomatous) 26 Palaemonidae 26 Palaemoninae 26 Pandaridae 21 Pandoridae 17 Parasaleniidae 29 Penaeidae 26 Pericosmidae 29 Phasianellidae 16 Philomedidae 21 Pholadidae 17 Pholadinae 17 Pilargidae 12 Pinnidae 17 Piscicolidae 13 Platycopida (platycopid) 21 Plumularidae 6 Podocopida (podocopid) 21 Polycladida (polyclads) 7 Polycopidae (polycopids) 21 Polynoidae 12 Polyodontidae 12 Pontobdellinae 13 Pontoniinae 26 Porcellanidae 26 Portunidae 26, 27 Processidae 26 Pseudophilomedidae 21 Pseudoscorpiones (pseudoscorpions) 19 Ptychodactaria 7 Retronectidae 8 Rhadinorhynchidae 11 Sacculinidae 23 Salpidae 31 Schizasteridae 29 Scutellidae 29 Sertularidae 6 Siphonophora (siphonophorae) 5, 6 Solenofilomorphidae 7 Spatangoida 29 Speightiidae 16 Sphyriidae 22 Spionidae H Stenopodidea (stenopodidean) 26 Stirodonta 29 Stromatopoda (stomatopods) 25 Strongylocentrotidae 29 Synaptidae 29 Synaptinae 29 Tabanidae 19 Tanaidacea 25 Tellininae 17 Temnopleuridae 29 Tendipedidae 20 Teredinidae 17 Teuthoidea 18 Thecosomata (thecosomatous) 16 Thoracica (thoracic) 23 Tomopteridae H Tonnidae 16 Toxopneustidae 29 Trochochaetidae 12 Tubificidae 13 Turridae 16 Typhloplanoida 7 Typhloscolecidae H Udonellidae 8 Xanthidae (xanthid) 23, 26 Xylophaginae 17 Zoantharia 7 37 ■& U S Government Pnnlpng Office 1979—698-004 113 672. Seasonal occurrence of young Guld menhaden and other fishes in a northwestern Florida estuary. By Marlin E. Tagatz and E. Peter H. Wilkins, August 1973, iii + 14 p., 1 fig., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 673. Abundance and distribution of inshore benthic fauna off southwestern Long Island, N.Y. By Frank W. Steimie, Jr. and Richard B. Stone. December 1973, iii + 50 p.. 2 figs., 5 app. tables. 674. Lake Erie bottom trawl explorations, 1962-66. By Edgar W. Bow- man. January 1974, iv + 21 p., 9 figs., 1 table, 7 app. tables. 675. Proceedings of the International Billfish Symposium, Kailua- Kona, Hawaii, 9 12 August 1972. Part 1. Report of the Symposium. March 1975, iii + .33 p.; Part 2. Review and contributed papers. July 1974, iv -t- 355 p. (38 papers); Part 3. Species synopses. June 1975, iii -t- 1.59 p. (8 papers). Richard S. Shomura and Francis Williams (editors). For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 676. Price spreads and cost analyses for finfish and shellfish products at different marketing levels. By Erwin S. Penn. March 1974, vi -I- 74 p., 15 figs.. 12 tables, 12 app. figs., 14 app. tables. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 677. Abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in natural and altered estuarine areas. By Gill Gilmore and Lee Trent. April 1974, iii + 13 p., 11 figs., 3 tables, 2 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 678. Distribution, abundance, and growth of juvenile sockeye salmon. Oncorhynchus nerka, and associated species in the Naknek River system. 1961-64. By Robert J. Ellis. September 1974. v -H 53 p.. 27 figs., 26 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 679. Kinds and abundance of zooplankton collected by the l)SCG icebreaker Glacier in the eastern Chukchi Sea, September-October 1970. By Bruce L. Wing. August 1974, iv + 18 p., 14 figs., 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 680. Pelagic amphipod crustaceans from the southeastern Bering Sea, June 1971. By Gerald A. Sanger. July 1974, iii ■(- 8 p., 3 figs., 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington. DC. 20402. 681. Physiological response of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, to cadmium. October 1974. iv -t- 33 p.. 6 papers, various authors. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 682. Heat exchange between ocean and atmosphere in the eastern North Pacific for 1961-71. By N. E. Clark, L. Eber, R. M. Laurs, J. A. Renner, and J. F. T. Saur. December 1974, iii ■¥ 108 p., 2 figs., 1 table, 5 plates. 683. Bioeconomic relationships for the Maine lobster fishery with con- sideration of alternative management schemes. By Robert L. Dow, Frederick W. Bell, and Donald M. Harriman. March 1975, v -t- 44 p., 20 figs.. 25 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. D.C. 20402. 684. Age and size composition of the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, purse seine catch, 1963-71, with a brief discussion of the fishery. By William R. Nicholson. June 1975, iv + 28 p., 1 fig., 12 tables, 18 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC. 20402. 685. An annotated list of larval and juvenile fishes captured with sur- face-towed meter net in the South Atlantic Bight during four RV Dolphin cruises between May 1967 and February 1968. By Michael P. Fahay. March 1975. iv + 39 p., 19 figs.. 9 tables. 1 app. table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC. 20402. 686. Pink salmon, Oncorhunchus gorbuscha, tagging experiments in southeastern Alaska. 19.38-42 and 1945. By Roy E. Nakatani, Gerald J. Paulik, and Richard Van Cleve. April 1975, iv ■¥ 39 p., 24 figs., 16 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 687. Annotated bibliography on the biology of the menhadens. Genus Rrevoortia. 1963-1973. By John W. Reintjes and Peggy M. Keney. April 1975, 92 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 688. Effect of gas supersaturated Columbia River water on the survival of juvenile chinook and coho salmon. By Theodore H. Blahm, Robert J. McConnell, and George R. Snyder. April 1975, iii + 22 p., 8 figs., 5 tables, 4 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 689. Ocean distribution of stocks of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp,, and steelhead trout, Salmo gairdnerii, as shown by tagging experiments. Charts of tag recoveries by Canada. Japan, and the United States, 1956- 69. By Robert R French. Richard G. Bakkala, and Doyle F. Suther- land. June 1975, viii -f 89 p., 117 figs., 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 690. Migratory routes of adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. in the eastern Bering Sea and Bristol Bay. By Richard R. Straty. April 1975, iv + 32 p., 22 figs., 3 tables, 3 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. DC. 20402. 691. Seasonal distributions of larval flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) on the continental shelf between Cape Cod. Massachusetts, and Cape Lookout, North Carolina, 1965-66. By W. G. Smith, J. D. Sibunka, and A. Wells. June 1975, iv -1- 68 p., 72 figs., 16 tables. 692. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program for 1972. By Steven K. Cook. June 1975, iv + 81 p.. 81 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 693. Daily and weekly upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 1967-73. By Andrew Bakun. August 1975, iii -t- 114 p., 3 figs., 6 tables. 694. Semiclosed seawater system with automatic salinity, temperature and turbidity control. By Sid Korn. September 1975, iii -f 5 p., 7 figs., 1 table. 695. Distribution, relative abundance, and movement of skipjack tuna, Katsuivonus pelamis, in the Pacific Ocean based on Japanese tuna long- line catches, 1964-67. By Walter M. Matsumoto. October 1975, iii -1- 30 p.. 15 figs.. 4 tables. 696. Large-scale air-sea interactions at ocean weather station V, 1951- 71. By David M. Husby and Gunter R. Seckel. November 1975, iv + 44 p., 11 figs.. 4 tables For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. 20402. 697. Fish and hydrographic collections made by the research vessels Dolphin and Delaware II during 1968-72 from New York to Florida. By S. J. Wilk and M. J. Silverman. January 1976, iii + 159 p., 1 table, 2 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 698. Summer benthic fish fauna of Sandy Hook Bay, New Jersey. By Stuart J. Wilk and Myron J. Silverman. January 1976, iv + 16 p., 21 figs., 1 table, 2 app. tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. 699 Seasonal surface currents off the coasts of Vancouver Island and Washington as shown by drift bottle experiments. 1964-65. By W. James Ingraham. Jr. and James R. Hastings. May 1976. iii + 9 p., 4 figs.. 4 tables. MBL WHOl Library - Serials SE 045 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NAIlONAl MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS STAFF ROOM 450 1107 N E 45TH SI SEATTLE. WA 9(10} OFFICIAL euSINESS POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COM JIG THIRD CLASS BULK RATE NEWPOET, OR ';■■ W I 1,1)1,1 M.; 9736B NOAA SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS NOA A, the National Oceanic and A Imospheric Administration, was established as part of the Department of Commerce on October 3, 1970. The mission responsibilities of NOAA are to monitor and predict the state of the solid Earth, the oceans and their living resources, the atmosphere, and the space environment of the Earth, and to assess the socioeconomic impact of natural and technological changes in the environment. 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