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Hava ya ’ : ve OSH cath aeatt Ae shits ; 4 i at, yeeee tt a f ' Wx] 1 aor i Re has 4 eaves at f NEUE oy ved hear Se tiaer tetas : ' igurth WP S93 Nig an Pig et ns : r ate ae ; Ba a +5 b iiepannee : Z : H Bearer Aaa righ d Oke ARC pe bit d iia a hte Va yd VSegeacirs Rew tas egal a : : ‘ ‘ - Meaaime Aas a ela Pesta aay Haca 4 wen i] 4. waste it ty \ as A Micali 3 5 " ROOK: y r wy ? iste Ria yt ioe Hs gid yerke ry sty 5 3 ray a Lean ‘ re sk eh ve J } Wala Ren oth oe vo ae uy tabs TRaeek ae bad hob Py ebivuae ta He Eghita vind $ bask G Vaonae Pact spas Melee Ua Pa eer OTIS YL stgteescathoheaces ge kbar rte + vin gee Daa Doar d eke bee tae eladich ; dughat nt has th) ; ‘ , . and pet hee ' ‘ baaye on ys i Aaey Pee ¢ tas daa ek Gay a A A FS ‘ PATRI eC) Pages 8 * } che are aa ak ounes £ oe ipertitupe sient Tay Peco war aanee } ately ate i seeps ee pon wend te bi i Newwe dow aradh eps ee Realy AR om thse tcee Byes dy bse Ede Cicer eras Armin ALAS hgh ans eis Balke peaked sbetayarioneens STast ch Mforrwate tga aoa eae td din sttets AA Mone Mem sites vad hoe Mimk kearh Me A thespe aon me na eaeeaaks i againnds ae Vibeayla eta aye chen hiacnsea } Rents ere eiea Hana Wags VANS or 8 Vow oa. ay A rparrres Patera berks Ceeeney ME? Pigeon ts: 1 MES esd Reig Ten iaiy ere ab Cah daters peng Ben qereatots i y Arts tues, Tout ress syersane Peele vebeiate a i Hake Yi Wap eCtie tae Prior Bead Perera ag Peres ee ye on Pp dee pee eee g Viet wld ne Loy ay tte mange fapairieyd 9: perk: See Ce Pan Cukony Pile et aves steer beveg gg Fae ao Veepary i wea (parte enc ee ek 1 Opie eee Bd Ab ee CF aes eae Penepe sr pease veep sass 5 Fyp vera etree d Mik bats Peto a eg ps sd ge Gr Fe Perea 4 pase, eye ep epe sey PMLA arte aero pe ened aed sagen oped evade wee lenge yhy oC bie foment opiengegs pa Hae UNG > tp pres opis ae a) Te AA SAY oe ON EMER Ser vse Ror te reas pea Pa Peres ene kee a) SDE peteme pent ane. gE laleepeeeeeepeg ey bean ong Tepe He Ft We 9 cps gay 4 ope INR Rtatanyseanan (igiwlg et raed slo waiatey cen yes Vhgedoe Gukidaa erate H Pivba tere eA Tec a | are eR ITE ae Daan S eso Petit eg teenceo pve sweat grea gcd ee PW ee Seg wep & ee TOCAnieasteageie eho ae UNIVERS iTY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Ay URBANA-CHAMPAIGN STACKS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/northamericancesOOcoop NORTH AMERICAN CESTODES OF THE ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA PARASITIC IN MARINE AND FRESH WATER FISHES BY ARTHUR REUBEN COOPER A. B. University of Toronto, 1910 A. M. University of Toronto, 1911 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ZOOLOGY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE ONIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1917 ARGLLI gasoauaea sta | eaHert FETA macs aUHT AA port te Ginsvin) aA ~ Fe % j 4 ; ' eye” P / Vy : he tan : P é . al § 2: elite ® ab nd comin Ys aienelas Me eres Gt SOS fesa Kt 10 sale YHIO2ZOJ1IHT 10 AOTIOR “ui IOOHDS2 ITAUGAAD FHT HT IO . ee SIOULIII 10 yrieaavin yrel aide s i? nl 7 we pan by - n i, 7 ru "a § vip f 7) > ie, ' Rey ne a ‘ A ol ae SS, CP7BSHo ar a INDEX OF CONTENTS. Introductionseseccsccccecessesccsnscevscscnesecseconsensseses Historical Datacesesecsevsevevsvcvseveesaveesesscevenvevesees deolanstion Of TermBecenccsenserevecccesncenccccccceneeeccees Ordar PSEUDOPHYLLIDEAsensesenscenesscsnenocccevesceceseeecae: 1 Family, DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAR ecesvccccccescceanveveressescees 1 Subfamily, LIGULIVAR eeesccecevececeversscceevsveceseees 1 Genus, Ligula sesesesevecerveseesereceessvevsevceseres Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus) ecocesccccssecccescenes 2 Genus, Schistocephalus cecsecveccnerevecvevecsvsecvcs \ Schistocephalus solidus (0. F. Mueller) ssscesceceeee 2 Subfamily, HAPLOBOTHRIINAE subfame nOVe ceoreccccvceses 1 Genus, Haplobothrium sevecsesesevecsceccesveccasvcens Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper everessesersveevers 3 Subfamily, CYATHOCEPHALINAE eesevecccecceseeesecvcceres 1 Genus, Cyathocephalus cecsesersececescccevevesecccons Cyathocephalus americanus SpenOVeceseervecevenecreees 4 Subfamily, MARSIPOMETRINAE subfame nOVeccccccesvececece 1 Genus, Marsipometra genen0Vecsescvecsevvecccesseveese Marsipometra hastate (Linton) sccccvccccsecveccccccces 5 Subfamily, TRIAENOPHORINAR eccccsoccceces-ceccccescseese 1 Genus, Triaenophorus sesecsevesevecssveersvesecenveece Triaenophorus sSpelarVecsececceccvecseseseseevevaveres 2 Family, PTYCHOBOTHRIIDAR cesccccnccccveccvccssecenvecscees 1 Subfamily, PTYCHOBOTHRIINAB evcccvevvccscevevecveseseces 4 eee “ee aee ; af ae i ZF oP ay Pye: ia oe ¥ A) eee ae Na Swe 1 Tie ee ge oe ee ad i’ ‘ Pinar | cf oe ; Ye : ee 4 ¥ ed , \ : a ; ar. " ET ; o iy i pheengssaeey cher mnge r6fiensy 2 ; ‘ i ¢. a ; ‘vo by oesensensnncennpcganseecvannateseees Ae Laetoli ha 3 oi ia Hreetrearerenaadeswaegeessodauegees cane? @o sai sala , ie | . Ke ee & a f be FF eee ral Soe. f at } aoe ST eee ae r ; lade ld aM iATHTIC me ‘ 3 g AW ’ bat AF +s cege roll 0B, ganda ae : : a) ae ‘ Bi? a¢ 7 oe a Rowe e , e yee " nm & hy Sn ae ‘s “> ‘ ss ahat shag hl = P.. 4 a Sang De ee / ie aves cid atlaabieetad 2 als op eee Ae se" # oor O)ia oa aul adae ma - doe takers) ; eeewdegee! _ tistdwe encom edi ule an is bmn eg: iy * Modonast ‘ound £ « Ce <5 re: Aer vee «“sqbo) eg Ladols “asia odolae >" ; . > le i pis af BIGOATAND ulastd ; > , oe oa ' r ‘ae 0 Teri. VSTi: Lae. desea. & onodd ay x Bui a” bso be bbe bade ce TORG f mination Bi! Ladaeanddeyy a deccsecvessboes¥Od omatiue ZMBIATEMOTICIM , olinad > eee eer eee e baer ettead Vie hi Gy, ay eaeg £7 si , auceDp x } : — — ue CP eeddcornrseemanmee( odd) statead 25 gut enogtes.a! i eee eeeeerevve semacn bees scoes HY SOE OWE rh Bay wbbuaniue @ ’ ses eseervreeetC ease ere tr eevee ene samo dcospn la? tuted f *eevr eee ePeeaeeeeeev ener ee cocseeaT TOL OS sunotrogest tT TUVTTTCR TILT eT Terre Poe be CON TT + Ulaat ee ee ee reseeee AMT LT RTOS lOnDIT Clea tdys 1 Genus, Abothrium CHOPS PASHTHTHOOH HRT ORES T CTO TOO ROH O OOS re 1 Genus, Bothriocephalus seStresececscccecccvccccescens l Species, B. scorpii [ine her) eddnnevucvie cesedecens ae] 3 4 5 ? ? Py B. claviceps (GoehOlecevaveccseyinnweeceen Py B. cuspidatus SPeNOVescvoveesesvesvsexese0% Py B. manubriformis (Linkon) seeds ueseidedoees Py B. occidentalis CRERCGR) 60s NUT eee ee es 2 Genus, Clestobothrium POP OTTO THOT EHO RE OH TH DESO OR BOO eS Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rad loh Lf, sv ivacvassnecsas 2 Subfamily, AMPRIGCOTI IRA 4046 00eedee sere see eeesereseeue 1 Specios, Abothriun pugosum (Batech )scasenveceocence eo Species, Abothriun crassum (Bloch eveseheceest veene Explanation of Plates. Plates I-xX. Vita. BSS ‘y0es + +bdS Herren creemenene nites -vortsgs a) abiggup a é Wren, | _* oe re eve eee eee yeild snob sen Ag) ) Ae csolooge * betscesnsesencevesenngl a0) saselvale ff ‘ a? ' teeeeereesseenee (08.08), ips tnton sche ui ‘ * ee ee oe) Vee ; ‘ Pa Ree : ; . eer ee Baca cubic ‘aieiiiaacs te says sea AMT TROON. seria Ye AME - sels» on sale uaddor pe: sere reese GClipero 9) aunogiey gubsdbeds, quwd ee heee “— . s+ 4faioo 6) auacans qubsisods ,s ‘le w » } Neat ule Wh ale it rag. Haier ce oy 4 « - j pea al . 2 “me 4 ©» ie “« ; ; oo wee t 4 _ i *. Vig v Ka ‘ Baer : ; es 7. * ‘ike 4 j ‘ : a) ai wy, INTRODUCTION Soon after commencing the study of Haplobothrium giobuli- forme Cooper (1914 a and b) the writer saw that, apart from the early and somewhat brief reports and descriptions by Leidy and the later, but yet pioneer work of Linton on both marine and fresh- water species, very little had been done on the membera of the or- der in America. Consequently the desire for an opportunity to work up other specics which had in the meantime been coliecoted at the Canadian Lake Biological Station on GeorgiarBay, located at Go-Home-Bay, Muskoka District, Ontario, and at the Marine Biologi- gal Station at St. Andrews, New Brunawick, grew with the feeling that something of a comprehensive nature ought to be undertaken in order not only to ascertain to what extent Furopean species are to be found in this continent but also to properly locate in the olassification at least some of the new forms formerly described especially by Linton. Altho the material then at hand waa invea- tigated to a certain extent at the University of Toronto, it was not until the writer came to the University of Illinois that it was studied at all thoroughly with the aid of other material from the | gollcetion of the University of Illinois, under the eare of Professor Henry B. Ward, for comparison. : Supplementary material, which in many cases was all that waa available, wes obtained by Dr. Ward from the United States ational Museum and the Bureau of Animal Industry, but apart from a few ‘vwials no European specimens aculd be procured owing to the present international conflict. On account of the lack of the latter most of the determinations have been made with the aid of > al t ; v e . t is iu person Se ibieosoua xd ‘hale a ofS se § $b diye: sb ‘ae ” | he eg he ve sed ds g ‘Re ig tb 08 oh tae ea rete te re fekeng aig i wat) Mi s nh e23 wes Hes ink Sd Me) aioe at oats nil ak 9 in a ar: ta hice ak ~%O ame Tap. «Taio i t= anad: on nse: | ae tbvjg> mii 0 jeateok ast 18 yetaoens cei a ay Raha ; Ret a at 2 : 7 5 ee one ts Bets hie : agit” gals taoen ect at bald ostcde ie tuiie vy rie z ; 7) , je -. ¢ igdie i Saree hy ‘! i : , ta hed oot ‘' 148 . ; ts OO ie ok GER Zholo te ! i" 4 +h y UO. # Pee meee re Le Beret we sii ott bad wt 3 bans ofr nid 280: i sean cgay YY abt é te: bem sat a7 wes ane ‘Nadel ihe. oa? betes seaibiantt iat ios oy tng ote 3 Se “te ote 4\, D et te ce did) dg vate ome nibbcr war sn ake a“ oy dite nga nat ie fe yh nyotot': ale dy, , ra, ey + y vel Mit sehen eS oe ae re sabe ant ihe ey Fe" 4 tr i i ee ig wh) Sek. a tikes ee qnco 1) ea ag . ra he. £La. bee Creve yen AP Ac gy coeiiae hates cma! ages? BML od? woe, banat ot! eek) Ra perio sind me ra. } ‘yy By: ‘\ fone, Drmqa ‘ted ree wrt dali x ty st out) dtm ure 19) +. wu hd BS tee “petuagt’ ag tarp erin AOR Be a yong ae eet w 3 i) be foot ed? Lo ‘dnd gos ao! -tobitme < aie Socesstb $a 4 to'bia ott pete che nap, evad winobbatitos en, galt ‘Ye tee ‘eal i. | * Z "i. é é “TP Vj ¥ a jas 4 v j the literature only, a fact which the writer feels may necessitate future changes in sonnnection with a few apecies which have been more or less tentatively regarded to be the same as those in Turope. Im ali oases, however, the specific detalles of the Amerioan forms have been emphasiaed so that if chances have to be made later, the basis for such will be at hand. The writer sonadd opetint out in this connection the comparative lack from a systematic standpoint of adequate descriptions of many of the Turopean species which have been known for many years. It was thia fact which in the absence of the original material for comparison made the present work one attended with not a little difficulty. g In the main the classification of the order adopted by the writer ia that proposed by Luehe in 1902 in his "Revision meines Bothriocephalidenaystemes" and later (1910) retained in "Die Suss- wasserfauna Deutschlands"® with only a few modifications. The family of the Caryophyllacidae is, however, not included, 30 that the order is considered te be rather that of Carus (1863), with, of course, Luche's later conceptions of the other families. One of the latter has now again got to be modified considerably owing to the present study of two quite aberrant species, viz., Haplobo- thrium globuliforme Cooper and Marsipometra hastata (Linton) which have been found by the writer to be very disturbing to the olassi- fication, the former, in facet, possessing a scolex which bears atrong resemblance to that of the order Trypanorhyncha. The writer wishes to hare tender his thanks in the first place to the Biological Board of Canada for placing means and facliities at his disposal in connection with his earlier collect- ing at the above mentioned Canadian Biological Stations; to the Mi) Lae, a) Mayes r ‘ { , 0h a $ .', hi oe Pane q u ube . ret | talbatbe OBS " ‘oqgti e: aa » eng ir. ibrm Cade iy Baggs a a +3 qbol. wea nae Tevownn wet sabtouttydnoyned i Pe she omg esd [itpnd: wr, rs td Bigs teed eta Shout ae pe eM om ro%: OD Lipa we Ane es oe , eo Pe ¥ ee om Myf WAG bs ory sie “7 ae oi t tet slow aeil te ‘ll ‘eT: ease yon. tah abe ott bom ra we he thaws e sedi * vo ats : 2 np io fhiveto: ont aden oat OL ‘ene i 4: 8ae te bond) x a nn , ii3 « ‘ f e 2a eb A hon ‘ = ‘ ae Bi ow as / > ? ‘ - - £7 279 A * nae towers 3 att od . OP ai the oe atin The v ey aa : 4 wae €; 5 ha lan ee i wie Bo eh 12 aeilt De, bee tefscoe a: es 1 aleogat analy pty 7 ah sen vanat: tae Maonsrngeanbas af conmeo al bh dneasiah at te pitt | hi rosedivedt: ee oe a fi berth e i Saad oye # OPA T's ov em eREOD ss notte g ws ire: a ve Ye ot itheeseh 20d. ; he ab scteer: co ea ate \ Sepa a" ve at eaten sawodint & cd gi this:38 tte Tebow get a vat La OP Lay ont te theta: Hives oh +e Ay tatel Sine geqeud ‘emia Po Am Soe Hah of po? ted hw ede? Yd Ree od 8Oq ,%063 awl yiserot eal? mot, sins eit. to Gad? at cons tdeveem’ On , 1 a oae8 Oo cdg lw aetisv eat vO Se Seged Lec tyolo is edt vt | na naotihere. Binett: 28 to evoss edt E \ hes Rb) a i See Ath 4 y) ane 4 University of Illinois for the oprortunity of collecting further material at the Waine Biclogical Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massa- chusetts, and at the Harpswell Laboratory, South Herpewell, Maine, during the summer of 1916, and to the staffs.of these institutions ag well as to that of the Maine Laboratory of the United States Bureau of Fisheries at Woods Hole for assistance and direction in gonneotion with the same; to the Smithsonian Institute and the ress of Animal Industry, from whom valuable material was obtained for comparison, in the latter case thru the kind offices of Dr. Cc. W. Siles of the Hygienie Laboratory, Washington; and to the following investigators for aicoholic specimens: Professor 0. Fehrnan’ University of Neichatel, Professor Fdwin Linton, Washing- thon and Jefferson College, Professor EF. M. Walker, University of Toronto, Dr. H. J. Van Cleave, University of Illinois, Mr. H. R. HA] and Mr. R. P. Wodehouse. 3 Finally to Professor H. B. Ward the writer wishes to ex- press his sineere indebtedness not only for the use of hia exten- ive private library and collections and for his procuring rare books and specimens, but for his constant and atimulative interest in and valuable criticism of the work which has resulted in the following paper. +“ } . Re wr i. é Me ee ton Pte ee en bes |g pees ud = x 4 Ly) oe ly sestters't sattontion: oe at sage ede aot stoner ™ b hea. OLOH: BS00F te eotsrodel Leo dgolnde sat act ah hn ae - 2RLaM , Llowequall doaee sat ate | Shuwpqxed oat $0 a Md eto LEHR ES « rr eanat Toye rtate oa of He ABLES ~ aonege oat Be ts ie nag Hi. ’ Nat 7 ti este oo. bead dot ous ed vrot wed any +: as be ‘* at es. ite m4 : ae es ot we ibpeosth : ard : couete one xo 4Loul hoor | ts evttedett we Veen tea | nid tone ote? toad 2s toad toe mh oF qancn out athe 2 bentade aan karsedsa data Gooy ost ‘Vpreeunar tomeas a i) a i sad 4 yi baer ‘ Ate eea iw ants oes wis sane’ petted: ote c) | 5 yy bettas f Mt Gt Py ent of tae iota tint | rte: eiitha otaetae ete “9 e aa Ps we a a soevsher? ‘exigent’: atlomepia 10? croteytieewat, a : “ar mobs 2 Ew, = atese fet adodson to. etesaeta pPtosoy tiv oe ou a oswetort: ‘gSa0iieD: monn x oF Vas 6 et spioat iB Ne x! ‘hessviO yorst20 ast . zs as a aA id he ao iA ,] ag maT Bes | opnecdahow of es mn amet dtorsorene’ i RRR yy! Mi? ee: ‘i i Py ae PP Ps diay F > ‘i iar inn ~ bg “ad ie #4 ay i ie An Aye Late aah. Hah “ont ‘eddagor x stvoetton | ev ) a fabiand) en " t nt ; re! ¥ Won. “4i Me ‘i . aa Ceti d eed a es A i Hin Podge ba ott eTOllam matt eurpocmht BS down BIO? bnw rable oS ae ee Kast At i a igh Sp We aa le wg a! Nai ron s eye Bf hae Daeandild Daa Saonaee : | ae shi ford. . ee have (eae a Ae oa A VEG A eae Bro, tres togus ‘wy ou deat , if whale 2 aot (30 BL baa BAGG 0 TF apioosctad® edt Baye. gobodec * bah ago B th y ote, fe hee a ) yi nee ' me) tt i bss oS PK?) r ; ome Sewedvet ed ald? at a 06 £6806.) Mqtebat | Dae ,omep sd? oc star meen sidautav ah Ai ow ot oats iat BEA Bt wa oh Cy Hi Naas Whe sarees viv Hy, 4 5 ‘ i Be iy. fo iomes at cbt yen tort? ody we beev gated 3 > erry, i yee : ‘ Ve : / gl # ae =e 4 RE as ‘he {hotws | vepanes “18 om moe er0n no vino Atte th Wwe “5 ft ve it Ss Es y ; Way yi aa ee ry 4 Rhy. ‘yr hia hak a etagoays TORE Os ‘eof iv ‘stoned on % aha 36 a . wk rr git eth LA sats vor eels re 4 sa : > Ny) i’, f ‘ ig abi ne 2) ae : rf iol | , wa ’ M os Habis ‘ “aoe, * ated be, parge tf i ug x rotizay ake to. enatteersce | aio re it : Nae Sa et West hae Nee * | pi se ise ai) Peekowed, ee tooys 00 yoda # te poise Soe oi we ar A ‘ ANY, 1 1 os ea r — eta 3 atta 23 aa fogs 3 cr hagkalion ov oa 2 wh iy ME AG ie for / . wus’ Tit o€ we oy af? to motes ase ‘Use + enb te F sit 1a 2 Ait 6 ve gt bi daa al iH i st od? | to" ‘ir °] tog etoduem 2 be oa tetin0g att fo Lise « Hea Lobe we lad < aay? Ya ah Ng ee ae eva anne at eae hai aot iydqes: it one ‘te on fa tu abhi edqwh + oe , Che: oy ae th Pilyyé rt hap aoe : a i 1BUTIY oo if to. enltesge ad? . he xtted eites bed (seat) mod ibe ag b (ont) arlgerd nb > thug Ose out arts ' ; : Wa ag Ber ryan yan pulps yt te fiog OSHS WOR vais eincuiia % | Oe : As rh } yd : BS og f. n0% mit 7306 tedétod ‘Proce oY tenth ott “Xe iY LIX %, : ‘ % ‘ J o Kash te (D082) geecmod? fm (al sy nd yt: f bee alitse yeoted, ' Pe Oe c af teihesZ mort emzol 2 ee end ob: ond tis bavl ta utafiaoy, : .. si tie fanteiat ei? ao watabh rAsorapbeatn idl to amos bite ttGue CLPBE pe ary : vr at to ybute la hea (ees) aoeh hi Laat Rana 5 MME sei» to : ngedzeg haw ine ode, ae uae 2 to apa # at a5) > . ol most important work was that by Dujardin (1845) who, while follow- ing Rudolphi in the main, made many valuable aiditions from origin- @l observations. Van Beneden (1849 and 1850) first essayed to eregt a more comprehensive classification than had hitherto been uged, and Diesing (1850) went such farther in his Subtribe I, Gymnobothria, of Tribe IV, Bothriocephalidea, of Suborder I, Aprocta, of Order IV Sephalocotylea. Baird (1853) reverted to Rudolphi'ta brief system in listing forms from the British Museum. Wagener in two papers (1854 and 1857) gave studies on the develop- went which oven today are models of careful work and excellent 412 lustrating. Leidy (1855 and 1856) was the first to report forma from America, while Weinland (1858) in his "Esgay* made a few references to bothriocephalids. Then, until Diesing (1863) revised his Glassification nothing of systematic importance wag published. Olsson (1867) was one of the first to report species from the Seandinavian countries; later (1876 and 1893) he made further con- tributions from the same source. After Willemoes-suhm's (1869) studics on the development of Sch. dimorphus, came Duchamp's (1876) and Donnadieu's (1877) classical experiments on the life-histories of the Ligules. In his Compendium Linstow (1878) brought together in @ list the forme known up to thet time. A few years later Fratpont (1880, 1881) published studies on the exoretory system of @ munber of species which even to-day are perhaps the most impor- i t contributions in that direction, The nervioua system was made objeot of special inquiry by Lang (1881), while later it was deait with more at length by Wiemieo (1838) and Cohn (1898). After @ period in which such works as Moniez's (1881) "Memoire", Xechokke's (1984) researches, snd Schaumsland's (1885) studies of 4 : ; - i i , enh ne : ue iM 7 eM “nt , he q Un wi ; ’ i Pal | whe hae , \- . Tad _ =. é . , 7 a? 7 . ae ay ale: ; f pte aR ae , ; s ay. “ fpam se wee R fr Lidw ,odw (886L) 2 a lire =a? Bd ers aon trow snot toant - , y ns ; ‘ re nt Ria ee en gh? & Hy ' ae, 5 | “a —lhalso wos? Gaottibta efda vlay Veen sbsiin githi na tt a igh: ne Per Kae! Pp as ee Mi ix one to Te Ue rs fa eit: of beyanee Sexit (Of8L hale ‘RS6L) ae beget anit 2 lesattaptende A ; ak . ‘ ° i Bu Hr, é \ i ‘ rie i goog. ot teddid bed cait ‘motong st tee nl eve teanetqmoe etek & toeg came) Shae way Ce +o, 2 Ae OM 20 ye See Ul ee ae hea ef odinéduvt otd at voddest dou # (OBL) gargs v ui hae ‘J nw Ae ar ni vy y o” he) ew 3 aK 4 awl AG . t (2 sen xrvouset to ,aeD2 Luadwot gt od av. ot de ti ef Si soda oF ie ft ei ey Z {ga6..) ba fa 7 os SF igdooated: i» » io tabxe ee - oi & i. o ? + 4 aS wheal Ri bi ENT «BS as ‘4 1 an +> 97 -mgest Aelitiud ad? cord sare patie tiv ct maces etzd é* thee , p ‘ ‘nt q ¥ Ef i rar 4 ‘e * “™ a . de * i _ Veh a = ~goldre> adi mo seifute evag: (va ef, bas pgs) Sieqat, OFF ab & z + oi ~ tp ; ae ‘ ye ye We , Ok ’ a F ey ti ee ae ait, + be é t ¥ i ae es nsiiegaze hue tor’ Ferocao Ww efi tom ts yabos nore ' ? 4a A nh al ; “is et ae eh a ahs fr % a eLaw (é ef call Boe Bi) yok: of .% 7 ‘ % i ‘ 18 ; ‘i - | | eid ae (8 eer) ‘bualatew ett on pha ~ i my . d ay, * “a 4 ad > . , * i bos tre: teae7) ante song f thaw. soa? abi Sas geno tadtod ‘ot eat t- , nk e + oF yas 3 an : hesadiguy s am squat rox t O LF re a te gridtoa noid alt : er eee o - A) ey i a ty : 3 ‘ ; - : as Fr : : t iP © - s i? ‘ i Sos . ‘ 3 bd unl ie, at Bo mo? wade eqe ?x< qa 68 fort oft ‘te sao ben (reap) on “B00, Mee y . baa og Kees tans ent) tered jae trtmube. ask RSs Fy eile =e sotnts th ' ‘ , = 7 4 es 7 eer vi coi? Yo eno \ ao BROT Dy. ult, 9 at BYE ail ea te oma” asd no yYditadtes gatheas a ant weer onty econ 20 « te moteye sapiwrey sad as bw thevt eg do hie. am (erecta ( es} eefal giser wet 2 sw Lich ot pti bel oder kad » (OOME~REBL}: eeed yet 2 asuatia can Aatite: Aott ant tocate, ach. 5 ; ae ov ¢tg@oldsslinal aco toast oats es AvORL) aseduuelt ent! ama oildw jomvow?eti olf leaseq saz tO: ymrego! tig eat, to gabe, | ([C6L) aetexred bas "ese%elH fet chal op harden edt mt (seat) « le ervatl gon eb ,xeverod .dotdw motiapittennlo ‘to aprons bate Tet‘ eooh ce epnaetoroow [e1enen 107 tovet tind a Pe ea Pe a ; ‘ie : Lie ar oat, ‘ ' r ‘| 7 4 ie ( ya Re: U i Jie PATTY 7 J by Luehe. In 1900 Ariola brought out his revision of the family of the Bothriocephalidae, which, however, was shown by Luehe (Ariola, 1901) to be rather of the nature of a compilation, in- volving at the same time several omissions, than a distinct advance in our knowledge. Then in 1901 there appeared in Lankester's "Treatise on Zoology" Benham's classification of Cestodes which professedly follows the earlier works of Railliet and Blanchard. Luehets (19063a) revision of the bothriocephalid system comes next in order, It is this newer system, only slightly modified in i910, that is accepted by the writer with several necessary modifi- gations which are dealt with below. From 1902 until "Die Stsewasgerfauna Deutschlands" was published the literature on the group consists mostly of papers on individual species or mere listings. Spengel'a (1905) paper on "Die Monozootie der Cestoden" ought, however, to be mentioned, since it is one of the latest discussions of a question which ocou- pied a good deal of the attention of many of the older writers. Finally Ward (1910) and the writer (1914 a and b) made the latest additions to the American literature, while Stiles and Hassall (1912) won the gratitude of the younger workers at least by their publication of the section of the "Index-Catalogue of Medical and Veterinary Zoology" on "Subjects: Cestoda and Cestodaria" which the writer has found of inestimable value in the pursuit of his studies. Stag Fa s “ ais ~Ltibo oh ao wtaged 40 we teom ete tenon guoxs, pat 0, ora a: oret oat be Ba z ; AP gee ho? a ma | [ae per) etl tonne: iB wwyntteti orem 1 estos vost cde “190% de oaa Ea m ftont@teth 2 ned? (snotetino £ reves emee big. ead cetesich!l xt betes yas steds 108 c ah fie ed? begbe dec tonne: ‘ ; ie Bes *ebnaldos $e maus esses wees @ ott: tetas BOCL ma ffteor one eolie’ ef tia cwaashened t1 can 2540, edt of 0 ‘eo teoxel Ge wtedxow ses MBYOY edd ‘9 us toate ext now Gv "alselosent bas abodted jetougs ce = yporoos i be Lay eee, a e ON ale coe ¢ . ‘ . 5 i Aga va w ae ay 7 t : y) a Boe ae . : e ul ed? Yo sole tes ota’ tuo Payaosdatciten “ont abt eden ere) ae # inal ¥¢. awosie eae ,2eTeRad iO Bei “aeab2iaiiqeoo kxdto8 ei [a ae 5 ta lee GEM Wal Oy We ’ : wl ; most al2quco. & 1 o stutan es? to. tekton ad or (toe if valotaayy) + re. iy AOE it tary co ape Te . pops) Dy : ? high. ta gui ke at a iG r Ls ‘ y Pw r ee sig ethotasd tp ¢ veh daalaid g. se a” nadia "ygjehoer vsro O° fea omalé:bns Pet li tot to ethan kor iran ont ewok tet cibowe hal 5 Mad * Py ete) raat adquen tated we te ao ieiven, fecost) « mst i does aa: 2% yee tLe wee . s F oo 7 f 4 ’ * i ‘4 i] s 4 “ : i , 7. ¥ ar J ‘ EXPLANATION OF TERMS Owing to not a little confusion which exists in the earliest literature regarding the terms of orientation used for the oeatode body, the writer wishos to here explain those that will be employed in the specific descriptions below. Even much later than the time of Diesing (1850) the word "lateral" referred to the flat surface of the strobila, while "marginal' was and is even yet perfectly clear; but from the standpoint of bilateral symmetry both words may mean the same thing. Here they are con- sidered to be synonymous and are used to refer to any part that is situated in, at or towards the edges of the strebilia. On the other hand, the work "surficial" is introduced from geology to fake the place of the German word *fldchenstindig" which 4s used freely in Luehe's papers to mean that the structures in question are situated on the broad, flat surfaces of the chain, that is, its dorsoventral faces. The end bearing the scolex is called the anterior end and the opposite the posterior, as is customary, despite controversies regarding which is which. For the aake of brevity the words, "length", "depth" and "breadth" (or "width®") are used instead of the longer terms, diameters in the longitu- dinal, in the dorsoventral and in the transverse directions, re- spectively, excepting where the organ in question, e.g., the trans- versely elongated cirrus-sac of the Triaenophorinse is so shaped that it would be confusing to speak of its obvious length as ite width. Otherwise the usual terms of orientiation are employed. $ : A ae 3 “ ra. ; Nene 4 pd? ph: © ok: anloos eat oy gubre sod baa ‘eat? a eo: as ud? sot. | ipoide at Hotd onhbrs et al een } Lane +R a) bt ts ed ie ak ‘@talne a tute aotediace sunt a ten: tet oa semdtintalas 9 coh gb: eodetm “anbe fw ot at cogs ONE» woled wath qisoeet p fitgons ont boxze” wr * Lovet s £° buow ea (cF9K) yideoil » eh has eav “ha wing x0” abeae Ab on teed iit ee e | idioa of td Re. tatogaaste wil et rye eneode 4 tl ie: e248 Neat exelt Sapakar vane ate aaen tan, ” va taal neq: ene: ot serox od bows fone | bate evowdilan - ¥ i a toute ad Yo woghe ot fo -arreceo? ee oa pao ews stat of *hetottrso® | oft 08 at i *gtbnieanododty*. Stow aanred ae ae op ai eommtoustes ast, est ‘manos, ot vie ie hace abade: wakt 29 eos tact abe eed + R ~ Bivrenot eae el ba. modret nog at ees: (#9pt btw ro) Mdvhwend™ tian: natque* "dr pani yatison mi —tp byob ag? oh 4 totes th ,amret regaol ode to heote at 0 ve . “OU (AdoLiost tix. 9} Ternary wits ws base ‘evéagmgeso: * an ig if) 2 - O22? add 9.3.0 Hodtorp ob, terme aad ‘enedy) tyne: re pe be qde os et éaalrode renee ly 1 wd? tw en -lett al a ~92 ae Utgaet apoivds of2 Id, lange of an depima: of Bharow v . begolyns 12 NOLTaLI A ears le a@sct Late mt grea i we ° hy ete ae at io x <8) Order PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA Carus 1863, neo Lueche 1910, e.p. Polyzootico, Cestodes with mostly unarmed, scldom armed, soolex without rostellum, or proboscis formation, excepting in the Haplobothriinae where the outaexe scolex is provided with four protusible proboacides resembling those of the Trypanorhyncha; usually with two weakly developed sucking grooves, which in indi- vidual oases are modified by the strong development of their walis or by more or less extensive fusion of their edges, sothat they may appear funnel-shaped or tubular, which may also unite with each other more or less completely to form an unpaired terminal adhesive organ, become rudimentary or entirely absent, in which latter ease they are likewise replaced by a termainal funetional organ of attachment. Furthermore the development of a pseudo- soolex takes place occasionally. Head stalk absent. External segmentation more or lesa pronounced, only seldom completely ab- sent. Genitalia in each segment usually single, seldom double. Their development proceeds from ahead backwards and does not con- tinue to a degeneration of the reproduotive glands, but the major- ity of the proglottides, being at the same stage of development, bring their sexual products to maturity at the same time, so that tn all of them new eges are formed continuously and ali the eggs of the whole animal are at the same atage of embryonio development. A ‘surficial opening of the uterus is always present. i Testes nusrrous, vas deferens strongly coiled without. a true (seminal veasiole. Ovary near the posterior end of the pro- ; glottis, mostly median in the case of single genitalia, seldom approaching the margin of the strobila bearing the genital opening mes PAN CaEaS i i: ", ay Ne 0 ; ; BN , ‘ iw J ‘ AY; MO .CLOL aeeuat: oon! “tons eo: sev momee, e F ’ ; ho. nie ‘ RA , i aor on at > homme walike v bes ra a vine late neboeod ae | | Oe ches Nake Nig oid ah pantcoox: 4a oktewtod “poker odor4 20: eer | ht eee eo 4 ela at ait ‘pabaeota ok xed ie Xe. om at een fe oe ae un ‘ és _gtalocryt ocages? ed? &p ovo “ert tewseae sente orden. a, 4 as FR) ry toad ‘pt io fe ‘ee sige bec shaved cite eben atedt te’ ‘jo am Loe groste : pat ee berth A + aid ie senghe s 7 ts aut 32 cote ‘ae Andel ae y : CRA yak | » ditt abies brs opie ves f ‘dette sakuoot 70 Le galt ti port be i ot ot thes fam ; —_: gi | atthe wed. e. i. : - ‘eetaoutions om Ke 7) i ioe + ee se rhs Lantos ed a | bepakenn oo areas = ah: ie Z ‘ ghee ai iv wayae } ‘ ‘ * es ia ] ; 4 oh i, tA “a 180 oda ‘Bhaie hast” sy tladelaonon oe ; Ree Ps COs ARNE one. 4 4 aa 4 ee aa joke ae 1 Os Vian 2 Reet 2 Lane ‘wohger WHO, , a) ees AW 2 Oe y ry he ‘ ay mabe selgate ‘ebew $6 f 4 aoe “ 4 * A ; 2 f ee : ‘ is ve “ ; Mise uta : “then oc yor you? ibego tovnt xe voto what oo oy | co 7 fis nha , PGT refigieog @ hae xo tt: fame, aie At de does SL catanilt of tdowe wiot : ¢ Py ’ ' et 7 ué eifde samesbe eectt 1tad¥ Te tad vo08 aire $" al «Ba. \ feat stopar] & ao e?i9e cao toendoads s ie ' ma%0 Lentuse? tid <¢ Sto odf Met) #ige0r 9 nbived vibes thut aes rr va Tr i , «4% 4) PRE ~o1 of You Rei@te olede 4« ” oe rifitod a tod to ‘ain nui : ‘ ; iat ee ‘ 4 Yea 2i to i KOLGOR GLUE RG, s W endute rap ‘ett a tiliwage at .eebh weiq ald We? OF ue dt he nonanes (anette 2 a NOR aang st i ‘ 4 ee Waka ey Rie: ee te Wand PRA aes 13 Weok present or absent. External segmentation sins Uatenns seldom absent. Genital organs numerous, mostly single in each proglottis, seldom double. Oirrus unarmed, excepting in Haplobothrium, with cleft cuticula. Opening of cirrus and vagina surficial or marginal, in the first case always on the same surface as the uterus opening and ahead of this ag well as always in the median line.of the genital complex, also in the median line of the pro- giottis in the case of single genitalia. Both surfaces of the chain of proglottides, apart from the genital openings, similarly shaped. Recebtaculum seminis formed by a local enlargement of the vagina near its inner end, which as a rule is sharply sepsrated from the spermi-duct (terminal portion of the vagina). Uterus, & long more or lése winding ganal, usually in the form of a rosette, ariging from almost transversely directed coils crossing the median line. It may be locally more or less enlerged, but seldom forms an undivided uterue-sac distinot from the uterine duct, 68 in the Ptychobothriidae. Eggs thick shelled, with oper- gula, excepting in the Mareipometrinse; their formation is carried on continuously in fully-developed proglottides; embryonal develop- ment usually after liberation, seldom in the uterus, in which, however, one finds all stages side by side. Parasites of vertebrates. Luehe's (1910: 16-17) diagnosis ig here emended to in- line the new subfamilics Haplobothriinae and Marsipometrinac. In the former not only is the sceelex radically different from that of any other member of the family, but the cirrus is armed with minute spines and there is a distinot uterus-sac separate from hae. tee ee va a A a ‘iia Be Ny hea iy ay lh i aan | ) Seblex” tase re trem” anemia | gee re 2 ees ols ie toute wd ofa te: riieex pannsiivae ts ditty .moheg i f a Ay P 3 3 see sottedl ede mt oLtaw. ceanbenstodedoye ad.at ent 7 at ie Pablvagy dea -eee saat a. aa: scapes ane mpd gharetite oa? dake < ote. he veces | AIO ~atartg 4 CRewt oc st tosh eum watt: sears ae | 2: = i et oon te pee abserdtode: wedi net wort a Hine st ‘heb trot tod. <"aSs00 thst: seventies ‘wa oi iss ot aalions POY: AON, palreed aoatge gala true - : iia betateg Sa" awe 6a Re, “fit pane shytoty: a4 pe digeases) | ce t hfhion be twin “al Y Seta oye ytnwossa. ett aghayana tis coms bive waa, somte ae Wooee Zon: Bai t+ is ‘e r 1 etumte: oF te fees uid émos brag, eae gh . tia pedes. telane Slee ody = te padi 1 gaa soot be ‘: ‘pewdainety.2 Ripe Cogn: ‘eaitete ‘ptm: habty rt hing hte tp ett r a onitn. ot at sade vera ete: Me -yebitdraite od odeya® i. od eo? 2% 8 vient ant fe elteo ent th eeese ane ried ‘mt pL tae ERR tie Dos ont ph wes a% sd ahigatw beg ole ‘Poblge strety wc ehee ¢ Geer) ad (ont He betots me" ie C.e Sersert Opps goeyehaory to sina yaihwinie of exolmertdhe “Mis. nopensanes Ivey OL Lots. tu roter Pk jmekied cwnehfacll eneniien tefthrobe xote td pews sates Od phdide ws: +> vatt ta zotuudtesia Logue) aesigih tay nna modi \genuhy abit ¢ lonseie seeds ph eae pero mh. aus praodnre wend Bi 4 he . : y P 5 , | Pt : 2 ie Xi ‘ a +a eaten 2h P 7 vi» : a a, | an al! Ye : [pup ther Pe 15 uterus-sac, distinct and separate from the uterine duct or veginning of the uterus but only a modified rosette formation. Rohoz (1383 : 282) in desoribing the development of the uterus of Bothridium pithonis said that: *In dieser Weise ist er natur- lioh nur in jiingeren Gliedern entwiokelt, wahrend er dort, wo die Befruchtung schon beendet ist, in Folge der immer stirkeren An- sammlung von den mit chitinSser Hulle umgebener Fiern immer grésser wird und sich sehliesslich zu einem die gange Mittelschieht a@usfulienden Sack ausbreitet." It would thua seem to be comparable to that of the Ptyohobothriidas in that its functional aac is developed by a distal enlargement of the original duct, which gradually enoroaches upon the medulla (vide infra), but evidently there is no separation of the organ into two distinot parta at any stage as there is in Haplobothrium. And, as dipdact zed eleewhere by the writer (1914a : 2-3), this separation is present at all stages in the development of the organ, whioh ag a matter of faet proceeds in quite the same manner aga that of se Bothriocephalua. In Marsipometra, on the other hand, even tho the sac is formed in the same way, it 1a gever very sharply separated from the uterine duct, altho such appears to be the case in the adult. Reference to the specific deseription below will eluoidate this latter point which seems somewhat paradoxical. Finally, ag regards the fact that its eggs are not provided with operoula, Marsipometra atands alone. This character would plage it at ones in the Ptychobothriidace, but it is otherwise so closely related to the subfamily Triesnephorinae, Bhat the writer here emenis the family to accommodate it. Thus we see that these two eirned o oxi - sine om Lovee: we quidiunsit- abe | | i A sthten te teat cults’ tecokh at ;tegt Doe | | 4 ols oe r bse8 co Dnevdew. .$ Lolo bees mrsbo rte ¥ | HA tatedaite weioms tod sates wt ail a, Au : ‘acme t nT OLS 186 cadegens toro 8 eit 7 "tifa titgezet hat opatay eit: ont ne ue aint us . a aa Uy ; ‘ | od of node sade biwon 7 908 ii a kas toaw? TES, 3 uit Tieitd todaiowt 2 Da Mest’ >. | me t fe) " Fl Bagh eae Laatgit to nitt Ye avawszotae en ¥ y ; » 7 Sia Oh Bud lortat oR ~6 rth als nos * 9 5 cf es - ay h oa . } *.. roa tte te o 4 esat , S330 eat 0 most an % a — gate. tens t ah ros) tot ve iS ; “bl et ¥ .degyo sai Io tan mgokevet ad ey he Liat oad 4 at. ? ms, « ee Lie ‘ - _— ta iP 7 ; 20 fins & SSR dpa oth ed ten ag’ Lee 5 Py ont neve (Maid ov ato od? Co ees hae aap to 7 Ula ode. trey ue ves a2 ve sto t Ay : ie v4 f ’ h ¢ eag us od OF sta sige doue oll te tom Bp y- iar volodt avt?qitecat rit kee 3% . leo treba Sed* (20h OMkior a 8 ‘J 4 @ i »@ 2 . r a 2 o ~~ - . » qleecl+ on vetwaMETY ef 72 Cit ooh pte “aged ys ads at $f aa¢'2rw od? Dane serene nomial sae + ee oe bo od Yt taw® a ef ) é = . *> =" wher by 4 « at "/ ? Lad P = ry, i} 4 | Pa ee : ~. a. it) on r A me ated ‘ q Fe 4 16 isolated genera have such a disturbing influence on our conceptions of the two families that the latter now seem to be much more closely related than was formerly thought to be the case. Subfamily 1. Ligulinae, Luehe 1999 Seelex unarmed, very short, almost triangular, with anterior end, more or leas drawn out into a point according to the state of contraction, passing directly into the chain of pro- glottides or the similarly shaped unjointed body; surficial bottria small, weakly developed. Neck absent. Formation of proglottides complete, confined to the anterior end or (in young animals) absent. Posterior end rounded. WNerv ous system distinguished by a large number of plexus forming longitudinal nerves near both chief strands, Genital organs in sexually mature individuals oom- pletely developed close behind the seelex. CGenital openings sur- ficial, ventral, lying behind or near ondanother, near the meiian line. Testes in a simple dorsal layer in the lateral fields of the medullary parenchyma, for the most part lateral to the nerve atrands. Ovary and shell-gland medifin, the former ventral, the latter dorsal. Vitelline folligles in the form of a mantle in the lateral fields of the cortical parenchyma. Vas defereneass enlarged to a muscular bulb before entering the cirrus-aac. Re- coptaculum seminis large, sharply separated from the short and harrow spermiduct. Sexually mature in the intestines of water birds; present a8 larvae in the body-cavities of teleosta where they grow quite large and form the rudiments of the reproductive organs; occssaion- > €ee - ae ry) ¢ 4 oe A A, cai Te ay OM prt ; a Ubi gb Ye ‘ + ae a Oe a CUNY ge! enerhitnanameit gion ity an AS of eto solrca es tenia a Fl " ‘ . Ay 3 ot. RRC cede oe bg sa 7] , ‘ » at tw 7 ta Lega bat ‘toons mia Prods. ’ rt sr 4f i> f, oe. ot ya dr npop: satog » oat tao swash, 7 Pia onl ee ’ hee ae man vee ‘eb a. atade- oat otal vit ears | ¥ ¢ Eels Tay yl é im fee, 2 Bes, Bi, att tog Lasko rts attod, detatotan tagane seh Holzer: we soddadzol bam Cokamtn Piss Savey_at) 2 to has aot # bee Bucs ee fentaye svod inom ‘s sod teed ‘serear faqubet tao ay ’ oe feoor tt exstsm wit noiee ye eee geznege tat ned -2c000. eee age ais 2 ie < he aetton - ot aon, tod} onus 1208 3 at mre ee - sed tated ed 5 ost et ‘Te eis, Pita . yet i iL overiti wd! Gf Leiedel ¢raq < +808 wat Ny: + 303 “f redoneed qrelis ga ale P 4 da 7) &, ce a fe oe, : Sg * $2 ref ° of iF ad. | =. <0} 9 1° its wRe baa r2v0 Ps itty is ae 2 ee oe Se pea rod .Lontob em@avretoh es¥ at A tate te, oman 6) , ay caso tg onto" t Yo ppeesis mana “a, .oat—mestin «ds guieetae eupred io ‘ ageing @ of b - tsosle eit woxl. Bee al and ee mad beats 2 ee i Bae wtiene dagnota (ebhr2d totem do contteesar ens at wih gchauree otivop wore youd queda a acl? phy cles cu “aoinseoo ( (cago whtoebengey, te eS ene ae « , : ‘ 6 Ts ee mt Me i ERR a abet oe ty, ae ‘4 Li ally also observed free in the water which they reach evidently by the rupture of the greatly distended bodywall of the interme- diate host. | Type genus: Liguila Bloch. In the above diagnosis of the subfamily by Lvehe (1910: 17+18)\the statement that the testes are "in einfacher dorsaler Schicht den Seitenfeldern dea markparenshyms crossentheils lateralwarte von den Markstrangen® 1s somewhat confusing, for it is strictly correct only when the whole number of testes is taken into consideration. In transeotions of both Liguia and Sohisto- gephalus the nerve strand was actually found by the writer to be more then halfway from the median line to the margin of the medulla, but the testes were much more closely crowded in the lateral por- tion of the field, hence making thoir total number there more than in the mefion field. But the 4ifferenoes between the two ficlde on each side in this regard were seen in confirmatory frontal sections to be much greater in Lipuls than in Sohistocephalus. Genus 1 Ligula Bloch, 1732. Taenia (part.) Auctorum Faseiola (part.) Linnaeus, 1768. Fasciola (part.) Linnasus, 1737. Ligula Bloch, 1782. Fasciola (part.) Goeze, 1783. Bothrioocerhalus (part.) WNitzach, 1834. Ligula Oreplin, 1839. Dibothrium (part.) Donnadieu, 1877. aa? | "4 vat . is » _ van a Te ca CU aT Ya 7 roe i ra ind: i at Poe el o ie ™ 4 r 4 : 1S | Wghsash ve: Gossage? dotiensnieam ili lakes i ‘ ~ Sores nL ‘ioe Besa Leer bor bed m sie» ei j af “amedonoze on Pi “ ~ i . tuwizo9.. tadimoe ats " eres Xo tedeum ge of about ra tod i ae “40d Latotel edt os teingre e: | ‘Sih * ; : , ‘ett nt soi Me aera ; a Ae — Hoce of We Letiox. yxots mn It A100 at 4 mh ' Brae ' iy hiss mersOCO MA ~lvexéq) scone? WT epeseurks iene) ae 26% ceuvenanth, — fhpeee) siete L80L ghee hey ante .DaTL ,en0od a eat @ alot 860i ny sine 18 Generic diagnosis: Bothria 2s well as external segmentation compietely absent from the larvae, both develop simultancously with the maturation of the sex-organa in the definitive host, and then the external segmentation, which does not correspond with the internal, is confined to the antcrior end. Longitudinal and transverse muscles irregularly interwoven in the anterior end, posteriorly separated into an inner trenaverse and an outer longi- tutine? lsyer. Type (and only) species: Ligula intestinalis (1). , vie | Ae ey ra! Ween hee Ay iP (ee Ree . | ly Si. Dh, CeO Gade Mia annie ae Pe UY ie adr Be a} et iy ne Ne or Ne ai ae My bis = 4 r pened vin ; p : "4 he ¥ i fie PAH P Ne Ane 4’ aa cA us Bu y y : ‘ Aid p ea pie tye (806, ore *ikten wae, as enane-ath Ki t . edt. de fy haeqe ér100 toni peoe docitn ‘J tt katie 1 Sea enthat tya0d dae wortoone oat of penrnce 2 | fa tolont me ast at gerertcn dee cleat — ; i ate Rotup a, Bins on TAPRREDD: reget ae ry t i va f ; ¥) el eh wae oy hte RS ; ''* tn) Ee Pea ane ‘ ¥, © i’ . iy! iM 4 is. 7 ‘ ¥ ‘te A ; Ae) % ‘dor RE a7" cA C 5a,’ ; ——o- 4 Sate ” fa ees 4 as ®. by ’ pean y af * yy, >" ; v a) 4 “ ial 1 ‘ ge Bi gr hy f ‘i af > (3 inf Sh fl i ae a ‘ : : * uf C4 ‘ Ae i ‘ Liguila intestinalis (Linnaeus,I1758) (Pigs. 1 - §.) Larval stage: 1713 1740 1758 1767 1781 1782 1782 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1793 1802 1803 1803 1803 1803 1803 Taenia Taenia capitata Fasciola intestinalis Fasciola intestinalis Taenia cingulum Liguia piscium Pasciola abdominalis Ligula abdominaiis Liguia a. cobitidis _Ligula awcyprinorum Ligula @salburni Ligula a. ‘sittin Ligula a, carasgii Ligula a. gobionis Ligula a. leuscisci Ligula a. trincae Ligula a. vimbae Ligula petromyzontis Ligula salvelini Ligula simplicissima Ligula alourni Ligula bramae Ligula carassii Ligula cobitidis Ligula colymbi Geoifroy Frisch Linnaeus Linnaeus Pallas Bloch Goeze Gmelin Gmelin Gmelin Gmelin Gmelin Gmesin Gmelin Gmelin Gmelin Gmelin Schrank Schrank Rudolphi ceder — zeder zeder zZeder Zeder 4715 =6: 60, 1740 =: Tel, 1758 : 649; 1767 :1078. I78Il : 95. 1782 : 2. I782 : 187. 1790 :5045, 1790 :3045. I790 :30435. I790 :3043. I780 :50435, 1790 :5045. 1790 30045. 1790 35045. 1790 :5045. 1790 :5045. 1790 :.119. 1795 : 145. Igsoz : 99. 1805 : 266. 1805 : 265. Is03 : 262-3. Is03 : 266, 1803 : 266 19 03-5 OSRi yoriiesd 18% 3. COvl ddatve Webs : gets. sus neta ~B80I: veryt aueanaid eo: «ies ariio® S's. Caz dooid “Nel 5 gett | ossod ,cabe: oeel niLemo (ga0t: O8Fl Ailend Ga0h: OO8I BL Lend S808; OevI | nilow® .6308: O8vI ni Lowe ,sk0e: 0eTl bieeb eho: ose abcess | oat: 0841 atsend 6806; CEVi atiead ia -2a0e, OGTl atisad - gti : cevi Anvmresioe bl : GES1 inawio® e@ ; 2081 © tnigdonan 638 : coBl aobes 08 rQol tabes .GeSeS 1 COBL | 19503 oe ; cost 70605 90S ; 661 atebek a ee (8801 cuerantd). stents Mant ( 2- = 2 ,egkt) 1805 18035 18035 1805 1810 1810 1810 1810 1819 1819 1818 1859 1859 1859 1855 1855 1861 1891 1896 1897 1899 Ligula gobionis Ligula leucisci Ligula tincae Ligula vimbae Ligula acuninata Ligula cingulum Ligula constringens Ligula contortrix Ligula simplicissima Ligula crispa Ligula edulis Ligula simplicissima Ligula monogramma Ligula digramma Ligula simplicissima Ligula monogramma Ligula monogramma Ligula catostomi Ligula monogramma Bibothrium ligula Ligula abdominalis Adult stage: 1782 1782 1790 1802 1805 1810 Ligula avium Pasciola intestinalis Ligula intestinalis Ligula simplicissima Ligula colymbi Ligula uniserialis Zeder zZeder aeder zeder Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Briganti Crepilin Creplin Creplin Baird Leidy Beneden Linton zschokke Linton -Luehe Bloch Goeze Gmelin Rudolphi zeder Rudolphi w oO 134, 134-35, 209. : 295. 296. 296. 95. 444, 139. 66. 773,774,775. 458. 52. - apa : 2OBL —epek” 038 + 808s tebs3 . -,888 + SOBl sebexk 608 ; @06L . $0b6d | sa + OLBL iiqlebua .[0,88-08 3 Oles hiqgiohuit = — 28488 5 OLBi inglobyfl — 21-6 i: Of8i «| hiqtoben yeSL ¢. O1OL rig Lo bist Eases 1008. bel Lobarki 608 @16i 0 kinag hee 808 s Geel “ghiqerd O08 : 068i ~~ nbiqerd ~862:: eeal - ftbdgerd Pete, coal Bana jie eet. we ie no dadd | SVT, aR, SVT: Head esiodons -85h-s Wal rs ae 83 + ee6i - jovbenal A 4 BOWL Moose ERs » COVE ex600 2808 ; opts atlent w+ wel iciqgionwn O88 x OBL sees 7 Ligula alternans Ligula interrupta Ligula sparsa Liguia uniserialis Ligula alternans Ligula interrupta Ligula sparsa Bothriocephalus semi- ligula, Lizula uniserialis Ligula interrupta Ligula sparsa Ligula uniserialis Ligula alternans Ligula interrupta Ligula sparsa Ligula nodosa Ligula monogramma Ligula digramma Ligula interrupta Ligula sparsa Ligula monogramma Ligula digramma Ligula reptans Liguia monogramna Ligula digramma Ligula monogramma Dibothrium ligula Ligula simplicissime Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Rudolphi Nitzsch Creplin Creplin Bellingham Dujardin Dujardin Dujardin Dujardin Dujardin Diesing Diesing Baird Baird Diesing Diesing Leidy Diesing Diesing Willemoes-Suhm 1870: Donnadieu Moniez 1810 1810 1810 1619 1819 1819 1819 1824 1859 i859 1844 4845 1845 1845 1845 1845 1850 4850 1855 1853 1854 1854 18 56 48665 18665 1877 1881 . *. 18. 200. 251. 04. 495. 57,81. 2 3 0881 > pM kobult <1 1: ses EgesobuR 308 ; 08k =: tig hobun 28h ) OLB inqgiohya eet ¢ 088i Ligtohen 61 } Gist (Ut obon . wer s e181 triqlobs® ge ¥ Beas Hoenar MBS 5 8eas - aligerd a had +004 ; $e8l madynlisek -850 ; 26a. —__ adorated 883 3 eeer abbre isd Agse : eat = atbaatna 88 : 8ol | atbrstud .@S0 + 6agd ntbretsd | -BVS ; OsaL | galiseid O88 4. 0684 _goteeld | 696 + Seal brie. 52 » Beal . brdee OL 1 b8as yates td Si : 838i ar seit '., 0 2s O68L ybied O68 1 OBL gn sserc ASS 3 S60, polaetcd .08 :O0%Gi mivé-aeemedild -6@@ s TTAL ve lbancol -48,% 3 16a seinod 1882 Liguia simplicissima Kiessling 1882. 1884 Divothrium ligula zschokke i884 ;: 26. 1885 Ligula simpiicissima Schauinsland 1885 : 550. 1888 Ligula simplicissima Niemiec 1888 : 2. 1895 Ligula monogramma Bisson : 1895 : 15. 1894 Ligula simplicissima Stiles &Hassail 1894:531. 1695 Ligula monogramma zernecke 1895 : 95. 1895 Ligula digranma zernecke 4895 : 95. 18 96 Ligula simplicissima aschokke 4896 ; 775,774,776. 1898 Ligula digramma Cohn k898 : 154. 1898 Ligula uniserielis Luehe 1898 : 286. 1898 Ligula uniserialis Muehling 1898 : 32. 1898 Ligula monogramma Stossich 1e9s : 118. 1899 Ligula intestinalis Luehe 1899 : 52. $900 Liguia avium Braun 1900 : 1687. 3900 Ligula uniserialis Wolffhuegel 1900 : 63. i901 Ligula intestinalis Linstow | i901. 1902 Ligula monogramna Parona 1902 : Va 1902 Ligula intestinalis Schneider 1908a: 15. 1905 Ligula intestinalis Linstow 1903 ;: 20. 1910 Ligula intestinalis Luehe 1910 : 18, Specific diagnosis: ‘sith the characters of the genus. Large vorms from 100 to 1000mm.in length by 5 to 15 in breadth. Anter- ior end rounded,protruding,bothria faint. Strobila greatly elon- gate,depressed,maximum breadth anterior to the middle,gradually tanering to the posterior end. Body crossed by irregular ridges and furrows,and wavy at the margins in the adult with 35 to 40 external segments anteriorly. Deep median groove on each surface 4 2 eee ign 9 ** - ~~ ies . > 082 ‘. Of » ow PSTT, SNT SUP oa i OBS. =i > | we oo oo —TOJHA «ff “7010 VYilevbevts . oi bbie " “a 4 ee vOSimuSe 1086 He SYOO TE saat ga s:hOHi Lieeesta eelisa :eB0eL » | . - 813776 - 13 dbserd soer OL2 ails Yissety alti Jugert yd Des SE doiv sivba wid at Satynes ocd $8 9a Bae, aeOrTHA - bn alaniuadoe Yo aves ebtee eas nt G4 of & Yd ditigned ax medOdl of OOL worl & o1328 Ae is gaiseoosa exxotioas acai quis aighs | salestolignte alugat eae TRON eit Momhs suiapletionte sisyhi oeiae oie 4 cosera eAvented 24000%RA % exsoisan 7 “pifod orto! * yank Left "do taaodt2 steal nus Legoutiiiow wotente - anote4 _svaniggnos j ofvahl a } : bo a> . aS wi > teftendo2 . atlantieetnt slunll* " wotenid — akfenitaeras ren sdend siisaisaesa2 sings" ‘ 2 + a staat fio ie © “agiw “ iF + chuisod, gi bhwrio7g be base bee eit of sobveine i Sa0td ee ee 20°C {oe .doket .bae wiaeseog orld ad” palvege : - * wane | AG. ; « Ji ‘ ‘ in the larva,two very sha.iow parallel grooves near the median dine on the dorsal surface in the aduit. Cuticuia 5 - 2OMin thickness,sub cuticula 70 -i100. Nerve strands 50, in daameter. Lacretory vessels numerous in two lay- ers,one close beneath the vitelline glands(cortical) another a- mong the main body muscles, | Genitalia from 0,10 to 0,2Omm.apart. Genital cloaca a nar- rov transverse slit,0.18-0.20 x 0.02 - 0.05mm, into which open separately the cirrus,uterus and vagina,the iatter constantly be- tween the other two which alternate irreguiariy from side to,side,. Testes in single dorsal layer in the meduila,interrupted only medially,55 tp 40 in transection,115 x 85 x 45» in dimensions. Vae deferens up to SOm in diameter, loosely coiled above the cirrus sac. Seminal vesicle small,close above the latter,65 - 80 x 40 - 6S. Cirrus-sac somevhat lateral,ovoid,with thin walis,185-200 x 150-145 x 150-155p. Cirrus proper within cirrus-sac,long and coiled,Z25min diameter. Vagina 15 to 50, in diameter,receptaculum seminis Tou. Spermiduct short,25 x 12». Ovary 1.5mm. in diameter; wing great- ly depressed,isthmus prominené and not in the median line but al- ternating irregularly from side to side opposite the cirrus-sac; ova in same 15 x 154. Oocapt 18-80 in diameter,oviduct 15-20m, Viteiline reservoir eliipsoidal in shape,50-60 x 5Op,,in a layer close béneath the subcuticuia and oroken only ventraliy. Shell- giand composed of much elongated ceils with eniarged bodies and narrow necks connecting with the oviduct for SOf.of its length, Uterus aim mass of coils in the median line,O.5-0,6mm.im diameter, that of the tube being 60m. ‘GM aaiben oxié 1200 SOVOOT, teiletag vo. scla Raa eee, vaveal eit al aes Sr J » me im ch .3Luba ond at sous Laerod ‘bite asl % j ; >) et at tae +e a 3 evIsh .OOL- OF sigolsue dive, asendoiiis ey 408 - 3 ‘siuodsu0 % es : “YA. o8% nt SueTs tia eieseoy Yioserons 7 sTodemens yous , Td ¥ «5 ches +a reslJone {deonstos)ebaass entiiesty ods figovaed ea0to ene \s | : ,2akoaue aes ate, eat: -"6N 2 S201 0 Lailaso Stag @,mrO8.0 oF oL,0 ert | | athe . ay Rego Molds otns 0080.0 = a0. o x @3,0404 049 4 amy hat: ra -od Widagenes: 10 Jad eds eitgav bas ovmedu, acento outa é eae, ‘ebta,os snte sort yi telugetrt esantesia odew omg reise eta rs ¥ {ino basqurvodns yeLiubon @d3 ak twyei Leated ogee cs Stn ano bamemth ac 4oe x 88 x O11 aotsdeanend. at ¢ ms sa Se aurtsis ond eveds beitos tercol reseaath oh ee Chg: me des 5 - Ox 08 = &8ytersel edd avoda. envio, iiane. eleteey 4 Lot Lee 008-285 alles olds d3ia Diovo ,laveses tadsonoa 28-3 . a -4 i) ote A we * P73 i bas anok.ae8-su4aks olsisia tata euro - 4861-006 5 a | stedemarD p ab 4 « Ler ol ne . 489 alnines sudeoeigeoon resemend ad 405 os cre inet aay izetorsd a2 .omd.i yume. Ak x ypc -1é@ tud e&li re bes odd ni ton Snes saonteog suman, bogs i9aa~eeTTLO es eitaogce ehta od sble mot? inasoyercdgat -4O8-8L Joubivoe ,tesematdh at t 4 OR Bd sqesod =. wEl x OL By en! ahs Teqyai 42 ni, n»0E x 08-08 qmyata al dabloagliio Bev aces 5 eliedo .Yiiartinev : Lie 3 er Rete Lever 2. mt bas, (bashes = soho 12 nEGwE | es) - — eee a “Tal Lou “udemet@ wea weeeee- KiedellM 2ara ited on hs ¥. 76 eid } “3 ee «eee Stee tata ee goeelQ " epee, ofa yy SIR od “-——«8°% += SAAC Ss ites 3h duadoe sfeawtd gaed " bases | bedemgobed re. ; Abramis vimba Petrograd - bjorkna Cyprinus brama Cyprinus gobio Cyprinus alburnus Cyprinus tinca . blicca ? carassius <------<-- " " lacustris italy = leuciscus La Reole & Neuffons Aspius alburnus <--<------- “ repax Iljmen-See, Novosorod Gobio vulgaris = -+--<<<---- " fluviatilis Basel - i Rossitten " y Angara-Fluss, Siberia Carassius gibelio ----<--<-- vulgaris ---------- y: rs Saratov r carassius --------- Amoetes branchialis ------- -- Petromyzon branchiag- -------- lis Cobitis taenia = ---------- " " Prichodko Goeze Pailas Crepiin briganti Queyron Bremser Varpachov- skij Rudolphi zZschoxke Muehiing Cekanovskij Rudolphi Diesing Schrank Schrank Frisch Bloch Linstoe Luehe Bloch voeze Bloch " Goeze Bloch Rudolphi " Creplin Donnadieu Queyron Diesing Linstow ' Diesing zschokke muehiing Lins tow Diesing ” Linstov Luehe Diesing Rudolphi (ay) oO} 1903 :285, 1910:19,. 178232. 1783:187. 178232, 1782 :187. 1782:2, 1810:19. a. 1839:296. 1877:539. 1905:CVI. 1850: 581/ 1903 :285, 1850: 581, 1896 :774. 18983565, 1905:285. 1850:581. ow F878: 1905:285., 1910:19. 1850:581. 1810:24, 1819:154, " " . > Ss8ere VEL 680i »SsSevi WBL: SARL .8; sets -@i:018s RS Wines oeSreeaL . | REG: Tred _ Ivorsoei seater ‘ie eo hT: bt 56838881 VeBSs 86 .O8BL SWS ° $83: e0el i:01el 56:0884 -#2:0l8i1 P61 30ial ew eo iba roses tae wotentd eel aliget9 vei bennoG notyeuy wotenii aniasid padortoes gn tide soJazald guiseld miiselt? Irig iotbul antaeltd. onbertaren oo Wen so ae ee saold | edt0d gdoola *» a hr ss000 tensed Ae eee eee _ sadist - widgeto, 2inagixe ‘tosneTa ~vodonq a tide bigidbsin exXonosh gn isdesa Liuevohaded idg LoSera ganized . ah B'tajd & un 4*trio ld @aul4-svdgad Pa: —~poryend nate eee ee een t ’ a eee Ly i 2 hei gyn stig weirs : iP ~ ee ee eee oe a a ee sa r od ¥ FA eee Ne ee caer Ne A 7 die ust = ai eo ee ee nee ee ,808-nemtLl Raesstiess aed} heeds altedte —— eee ee yostatac ee @ *& eee = ¢ “s<“see -« S42 Bm as wodanid ebro. <. exsonoas Teg nhod. a we bSA, 3.9 Coie Rece sanelY. au f oonnereein, ¥ eee oa a tense une ta ¥. St 0 BS 7 ee é eo sie Oe ee ee ee ee ee aspera 7 ee OF Ry te et RE OR. ard L-@ 0) 5 8 Ps ove Daa, brad Swed sitet ciate ser eee teen * roe atines i eo -—- 4 * w ‘ “Tiere ee ae eee eee ondavbet endl nei iver ad = Pe ue a bisiiped “-—<—<—" == * oO = M1e%. Jot [Lié¥ ~ aneots. iesad “LIA, .a siad anes i oad - Did, ieee. xs } sant 68 organ ontted Hybognathus nuchaiis Notropis cornutus Schizopygopsis kozlovi Nemachilus strau- chi Tinca vulgaris Gobio gobio Scardinius ery- throphthalmus Ameiurus §&p. Alosa ohiensis Perca fiuviatiiis a flavescens Fourth L., P Mather Adirondacks, New York Tan-la-Gebirge, Przevalskij Linstow Tibet istyk-kul-See, P.&chmidt Bai Karasu Przevalskij- Bbai,Aral Sea Charlevoix, H?5.ard Michigan Keokuk, lowa “ Walnut L.,Mich, " Go-Home Bay, iius- Cooper koka District, Ontario, Catostomus commer- Walnut L.,Mich. H.B.Ward sonii » Turtle L.,M@ich. H.R.Hilil Notropis cornutus Go-Home Bay Cooper - cayuga Turtle Lake a.h.diil Micropterus d@@o- Go-Home Bay Cooper mieu Ambloplites rupes- me ve . tris Gasterosteus bispi- Chamcook L,New 9! nosus atkins Brunswick Free on Shore Turtle L.,wich, H.kewiLL ray) x Linton 1897 3458. 1903 :285 a] " " KReveu- Lemaire 1B0@ :S8. Luehe 1910 3:19. " if ih] Cooper (the present paper) sh id " _ +8eb: Tes HOfakd — ~="=nanenn i Oe ae ia esau eT 848; 508s weseutd Leaaavoiet: " ° ” sateaaue # * ot ” . -sievVail tis tn detlhin a6 lind on. cs e283 2081 stianed Bat C161 eilould hay apenas aero a Te ~ = Ba J e ey ay oN, = yee ; # , F i * eee predate dada: saseeig si3) ey - z a Prt a *. P * ee : : e | . fveW.4a,B ' ‘ *. AL INV aLK # 10g 000 , Litt Be y Tegoeu * ” 7 . 8 Sis. ALH a wk te “tell ” i. @ A. & P 7 ae Wodnlemadyaad xedeeo “au Gad “enoll-o8 aia 0s ta | 2 vi a dinvet , akoabacrtha s10Y wet .9gtided-ai-naT | sedi? / veatee tek | cd (iaetavess4 seg ee <2 Ke haw e ne x tlovetna® - > ee ee -t9ltsalLe@ atou oltetad dns Ln Mote, 2 94dse? ede eae? (28 emoteot Gh, id os seat ered: ii ~~ NG v0 ple } " » oe "wey : ae ps + ata ¥ % - é ot 4d a Lj vo ad { 2 a : ’ > Adult stage: Falco chrysaetos = ---------- ©" pletef))—g —— swwewewen ie . Greiphswald ©" Ply «= www en nene e Biagisalm oo = --=-~=+---=- ® geticonig — -o--sa--0- . en” svecrign teiteds Ardea ciconia = =~<8------ " SE setensa--~ ? pie -— hetndaemn " mpycticorax <-<<------- , Sp. Desertus Kir- gisorum Totanus glottus ---------- i en | Pav eeneens Lolymbus arcticugs ---------- " guritug = ---------- .) SRI eS 8 | Wseewnanes " griseizens aseseenne - °* webetaesian Vevacea---- ? epte glis ------- Braun Bremser Mus .Vienna Creplin Braun Hildebrandt Hildebrandt Mus ,Vienna M.C e¥ LLoveov m.C.V- wus .Vienna " " Mehlis Hubner Bloch hudoiphi tus .Vienna Réiteeeh--- Mus .Vienna Mehlis Diesing " Rudolphi Creplin Rudoiphi biesing Luehe Rudolphi i Diesing " Linstow _biesing ap) © 1850:580. a" ‘ 1919:155. 1839:296. 1810:12. 1850: 588. 1910:48. “ a] . 1810:16. 1819:1353,. 1860:580, " i] a 4905 :284, 1650:580. hudolphi 1819 :135. uu w 6 3134. Diesing 1850 :581, Rudolphi Bloch Stiles & Hassail Rudolphi Luehe Nitzsch 1810:15., 1782 34. 1912 3266. 48i93154, i910: 1s. 1824:98. Rudolphi 1819 :134, Diesing Luehe 1$98:286 Sen : vy MD Nn 0) ae = ee ey ar | er ne we Beale, ee ee a ee Hedaaalva, f be | Lact a “ a ‘ J > ic ay es 06620581 goteeta _ nuste mee tee rae aeleaayuls Coke ee a c-eeweneem gilhoteta ™ 9 .BéL28L81 ide hobs sanet’. ai. wee i? Ja eS: @bB8L aligesd aliqet) — bisweshte+t ULsO48L beiqiobus wer seeneeetee ; | -O82;088i goieeid shretdebith — — Sapoat alae - ba im ¥ onan mS eee aa teqoed: | (roqng Saeaexq ef}. ) cS : " - ry «cee me me ee Oe ae ve a ee Le aes is - ; id 2 ib: =< . ' oe. - - < Y 4 - y cae « % ais poe . ‘ ¥ : a ° Lp > s sey s- r ‘ ‘ 8 owe — | 7 Og aS z : ‘ i} ‘ a ore -- B Nag a? -s 4 e . ‘ . as ~ * ~ ™~ + ‘ , . ' . 5 4 f 4 eee ~ cae . he PP ue ~ —— ee ow ia widu Len seaeeeaeen. ee See, as4 - i = me Fe eben Ae ee Slotted ‘ Loy) eee ge 3! as eee od RT ea een ee ee ee x at 4 is oe fee a etdadmcukseme” Pe Seer ¥ aie tk 2 < ose ee thes nee 33 As indicated in the above synonymy,the greatest confusion existed in connection with this species even from the time of Linnaeus, 211 of the older writers recognizing 2t least two species, the larval and the adult, and many, several species under each of these. Rudolphi (1810), for instance, accepted four srecies of the former, "ovariis occultatis"®, and the same number of the latter, parasitic in the intestines of birds, "ovariis distinctis®. In his Entozoorum Synopsis (1819) he reduced the number of larval species to two, but retained the same four adult forms as before. The next important move in a systematic direction was by Creplin (1838) who divided Rudolphi's L. simplicissima into two larval Species, viz., L. monogramma and L. digramme, corresponding re- speotively to the previously known L. uniserialis and L. interrupta (or alternsns), which plan-wae followed by Diesing (1850, 1954, and 1863) while Dujardin (1845) and Baird (1853) followed Rudolphi. Diesing (1850 : 581) ereoted a third species, L. reptans, to accom | modate numcorous forms found encysted in the muscles snd connestive tissues of amphibians, reptiles, birds and memmals; but, as pointed out by Janicki (1906 : 519-530) several lervel species were probably ineluded under this heading. Those from avian hosts (1.¢c.: 583) axe not given above since they were found only among the muscles and under the skin, where L. intestinalis hes never been found in birds, s0 far as the available records indicate. Luehe (1910 : 18) did not inolude them in his list of hosts for thqadult stage of the species. Next in order of importance came Donnadien's (1877) Classical experiments in which, efter completely reviewing the ¥ ia E Ale f Ae ‘I ey j fi? ; ‘ f ete eee beer 06 saetaory: oft pagum a erode vet el betes thats pol Sis ‘ wee ate | Re Ott edt meth mao ee toege 6 Lif tte 0 Bto: cane mt saan ,eehoage, owt. Fasehe®: exon EXEOOST eon? bee aedto tit teste ovanmamll ke yt tow 2 2h, me tocngp, Larne ba CULE. talaga ie kobe " te. ato: ae ge pears oe } i ms a ay : — eS Bi et ce ee ee Ae F' pi fe be Nh MS oo 1 Se RS See ee i . ‘ a! A _ FY. 1 oy cs FY vy) : ‘7 ‘ wy ve Wet r pt eh ‘4 7 h hae Be we e. “ ei : i f fi > J a Py, p : vel : * aot Ties ats | 5 ben aseteal ad? te podaen: ene, 2d? ibe ‘ t ty © ie aE Fs ‘Nat frat Le ¢ ticevo" (ehh te wrt, ae BY be rar 7 tTadmun ad? Danwier ont A ERE) ing . he conch sd peo qmIO? Sishe hye cine eines > : a te jas tw eam. aobfoardd aut wats yh § rom a vi- J Mm ‘a Aare f£ ort oni eaian be Pigmig J ff etcfctagnaet Lh i Pee f pial aad Bn tino qert eg opm: yk «jt Soe Pune: ‘Sty : db - ae + phoaeetat stad etiantres try evenid inno tren (i AAARL OREE) gateodd ye Sewat tad pages Bm x - keterlod bot -beorottlot (zest) bruset baa. (8del) A eacigniion pant qet 2 <0 toma outdt @ fete Fit “a Pa evitetiracs hae erloemm odt at bheteyooe Rie ox) — betatey ce , ta siege ‘aks te yes 22 ohne te Be ; Wasdery acer nafovce fownel fe anpee (caved . goer). hte nit e Ray . 1 (HOt ‘+.0.5) etmod aiive mort! most gather Biss Tefaw de bia ek’ re bas voloe um ad? gooms y ico baee? ore Y yeah emmte evogz avteall % ‘ yA Bi at Hess getd seven tad bcaapnaaitel hell’ I etodr otis ont? (Gi : CURLY edeak .etcethe? elsones ofdebkove de se zed ade 16 eoute SLishelpdtt tel etect to fest wills al aes? shpteat , \ i"y .eorg ‘ & a (7VSl) ote boaginot ms pass oneal Yo sels at ax0n.. ™~ nd? guiwetwr: qiotatqawe es ane: mt sfanetaecns oR | ‘ites | . } ee { oF 4 en (iT Ven s wre ree C.! Sa! Ce oe se ? 33 literature up to date, he conolusively proved that the form found in the body oavities of various bony fishes is the larval stage of that present in the intestines of birds. As 2 result of his work he combined the two forms under a new name, Dibothriun lisula, confusing at the same time Schistocephalus solidus with Licula intestinalia. The life-history of the species was later studied by Riehm (1882) by feeding methods. Monies (1881: 37, 81) waa the first writer to study the histology of the species, while Kiessling (1882) gave ue the first desoription of ita general anatomy. Aa emphasized, however, by Linstow (1901), Kiessling's work i6 not very specific, since he almost constantly disposed of L. intes- Einslis by saying that in it conditions were the same as in Sch. Solidua. While, apart from Donnadien and the carlicr writers, Willemoes-Suhm (1970 : 94) was the first to etudy the development of the embryo with attention to detail. Schauinsland (1885 : 550) enlarged upon his observations and gave & more or less somplete déseeription of the process up te the time of the esoape of the @iliated larva, MNiemieo (1938 : 3 ) deseribed the nerv’ ous dyaten, and Cohn (1898 : 134) pointed out its resemblances to Soh. solidus in this regard. Zernecke (1895) in the meantime dealt in his well known work on the finer structure of asatodes with the parenchyma end the nervious and muscular systems in particular, since when little has been done in that connection. The question of segmenta- tion was studied by Luehe (1898); and later the same writer (1899; 53) placed the speoics in his first classification, stating his belief that there is only one speoles of Ligula, viz., L. intes- finalis (L.). The latter conolusion was also arrived at by a! = ‘ . a’ oe A a beets a woh gd? 'dalt Lewosy ‘ewtontoaon: ‘it, waBle vhiioe ancbavide 26 “ts ngete Lavast add) af ec de tigaod: saolte De sekt ll ation on etd to tlomes © ob ehald Yo eanitectal adi.) a tarsong 3 edge eleail axbdgogss, cman woe @ soho: pne)ions ads Biase co 2 —— +. +s Jet ne i ¢ >. ee AM aK on > et aes “« ‘ ~J : Shoah Rte paps low gates rate AOS gmt? woe id Pe ome De tints: se Pat pee eeioegy noe 0 Neotedanor | SeLin sat w oMd ete (L2..%C siBOL) pactagths(.et Lottome ppt 28% cect) a pat Line eta giidn: yeaiooge ndt te geo Loteii' : phot ere es) Ne 7 ste Sar Say att 2a, sp ttaqg sed cr 8 bait au! hs iS a R 7 4 Lae: 4 : Ps y “A ime jee ae ge es ( ace es Linstow (1901 : 638), altho he attributed the specific name to Goeze; while in his latest classification Luehe (1910) maintained the same view. Consequently, taking for granted in the absence of Furo- pean material for comparison, that the latter haa been established as a fact for the Furopean forms, it 1s for the present writer to determine whether we have here in Amerioa the same species. And so far as the majority of specific characters are concerned, we have to rely on the deseriptions of Kiessling and Linatow (1901) who scem to have been the only writers to attend to the details of the reproductive system, and, as mentioned above, Kiessling's is quite inadequate in this connection. The only American reports of the species are of larval forms ; L. monogramma by Leidy (1855 ; 444) and Dibothrium ligula by Linton (1897 : 438), the former having also listed (1856 ;: 46) the doubtful L. reptans. Luehe (1910 : 18) gave the dimensions of the gpecies as 100+400mm. (oceasionally 1 metre) in length by from 5 to 15mm. in breadth, not distinguishing, however, between the larva and the adult in this regard. Linstow (1901 : 629) reported a larva from Blisca bjorkna 200mm. long, 9 broad and 3.5 thick, adults from Podiceps oristatus and Mergasser merganeger being 160mm. long, 4 broad and 1.5 thick; and concerning these:differences said that: "Wenn man die Geschleohtaform aus Vogeln oft kleiner findet als die Larve aus Fischen, so mag das seinen Grund darin haben, dass die letztere sich in der Grésse ihren Wirth anpasst; die grossen Larven in grossen Fischen kénnen aber nicht von kleineren Vogeln ver- sohlungen werden." The largest larval specimen at hand was one ot | POON TOSS ide Oe oe ot omen ottloude sdt Sotudiutts ad ‘eddie , leas ’ ges) notes Sea vtatam wots adieu moltge tt eealy eat esi oh witaw geet. cae a j _ eee Ye semend: edt ai betgetg vot gaitaies hs gpmpeanc) bedelidates deed wed: rotted efit Sad? yaa Praqnce, 10% fetrotam ot ves ore theserg oft wot a2 2M _sbarok! Rio os ue ‘pat 20 bad ‘yeotoeqn time odd oobreml) pt red even as . @8. (bentsonoa: Ors wi otoorado pti.tosde: to Ue tao edt (£082) wotsued, ‘bae gatioce 23 ‘to seoilgtros<8 ud. a0 jue Yo wfdstod ad Qt hoetes- ot pret tue pling. edt mnedigyns 0 7 ek eipaiiced se sovede bemotiner ax: atas course stdoqet nag kxemh-gine dt vabttewnnce “Aut at agpe: ~ | - ease) ‘qbted ‘NO peaurnogon a nmiok Lavaas 104 e Betoons i caied qt \ (esa 2 Teer) motetd ied plo tt : he a ‘ itptaet: sl) Loreduge. oat (eat oon) abet is od wo toon’ off to eaolsaeadh edt even (8f, # | at tio ssmaO8L puted spe ginson toeceung® bme pit ote to's | tulit dpe eedeet ott lh seedt nar Sat e@ncH. Bas (toise B. a eth. ale tahalt seatald ato atogbY ene stolethosidoued efb | . ate Oant atta cite! hoviB nealew ect paw oo oedbaee) noviad @oreoty efb ;teangn® A928? aprds oeed2O <0h. at dole inv alonliV aotsatols for! die bet tad6 gonabd aodoelt. | one eu baed th qumtooge Levee teogeal ad? | * mans from Catostomus commersonii which measured 425mm. in length by 15 in maximum breadth, but the largest adult from Merganser gp. wag only 142mm. by 7.5. In the larva the anterior end is some- what bluntly rounded (Fig. 1) the bothria being visible as very ahort grooves passing over the tip, while in the adult they are more clongated and distinot, the end of the strobila being some- what protruded, as shown in Fig. 3. On each surface of the larva there is a deep, median, longitudinal furrow, which, however, becomes obliterated in the adult, exeepting anteriorly,by the gzowth of the reproductive organs, the ducts of which ar con- fined to the median line of the strobila. When these are developed the strobila is characterized dorsally by a low median ridge bounded on cach side by a quite shallow groove, snd ventrally by a@ greater thickening of the median line, not separated, however, by any grooves from the lateral regions. The whole strobila gradually tapers from a short distance behind the anterior end, where the maximum breadth is located, to the posterior end. Whereas in the larva it is quite thick, in the adult ft 4s thin ami leaf-like, the margins usually appearing, especially posterior- ly, wavy in alcoholic specimens. A pseudosegmentation is present in the anterior end of the strobila, but as has been known espe- cially since Luehe (1898) emphasized the fact, this division \of the strobila into segments does not correspond with the inkernal dividon into true proglottides. Gemmill (1909 ; 11) counted, about 50 of them in the anterior third of the worm, the weiter 38 or 39 for a distance of 13mm. from the tip of one adult sheoi- men (Fig. 2) and 36 for 10mm. in another. They vary oonshderabiy Ud ofomed , at AM EP bn chine: eddies Pras ce it Th 2gsaeateld woxd tluds Pacgual ode gad aboard mare ene a8 ~ougeo2 bee tolsetan ed¢-avrel one ME OAT ee inca b in9 ip Piey, ea Ole tate. nuded, BLADOS okt rts 4h) Saggue: it awee 4 } are yadt thas outta eAdde ehh out Owe Mitenaq eevent p 1 Oe gk a aladontn. en? Ia dmaeds tool sah be bes . a <9 Lo coptaue dose AO 4B All 2% arode: ae bet © in length and are often incomplete medially. From the anterior region showing external segmentation to the posterior end both larvae and adults, but particularly the latter, are emossed by very numerous irregular grooves which give the worm its charac- teristic appearance, apart trom the general shape, as contracted, for instanoe, with the closely related Schistocephalus solidus (vide infra). The smallest larva met with wae one from a small specimen of Microptsrus dolomien, 47mm. in length. It gave the following measurements: length, 4.9mm.; maximum width,0.54; width one third the length from the enterior end, 0.54, two-thirds, 0.37; length of bothrial groove, ? 0.O07mm. All sizes from thie to the largest mentioned above were at hand. The enticula was found to have a thickness of from 5 to 10», compared with 16-18 p by Kiessling and 2.14(}$) by Linstow. It was seen to be homogeneous in the seotions made rather than divisible into the three layers described by the former, with some tendency, however, for the outer one-quarter to one-sixth to take the stain much less than the remainder of the tissue, which . outer clearer area ia often bounded by @ very delicate peeude- Giliated layer. There was found to be as much variation not only in the thickness of the enticula but also in its structure, that nothing more will be said excepting that these remarks apply to the larva as well as to the adult. The subcutioula varies from 70 to 90, 5 = 55-49 pw according to Kiessling and Lid, to Linstow. Caleareous bodies in the oharaocteristically fine paren- chyma, desoribed by Monitz and Zernecke, and given dimensions of 13 x 78 py by Linstow, were not observed to the writer's satisfao- tion. el vp _ Ph ' rh Ay ae Pen) PS "Cn 7 : rie A ¥ _ “weieq. call UlLaptte teetonndsdo od? at oo thod euopten£ad,. ¢ ~O.8teltee s*iediiw odd o¢-bavgende tom atom, prodenta, od ae 7 . a i hc y Ls . arn 4 ’ wi i, ; en, at 3 iis Me Mh). ‘ofgetne ods goat tikes oy of eLqmoont sothans pee : ae: atgeol PIO Date nore at eo. ony. OM; + itatcomges ieasirsteageen 20239 on yd Soswome exe, (tot teh; edt qitelue tise; taf vetiaba bas parade aff gton: od? avige sho dive oerooty stage mgt uation aii see G6 40 oe ft eget od? mosh eaaes senaes soqemee ile 58 giiipd yoo? s 2 288 hotalox vsaeete ont: dite. scons i Lisee.2 Most eco: nate dtiw ftom «russ. Posi isan, oe a ae it evap. tl svtltgnek ab. ont? .gobmesob spadagas:N 3 lap hy , i 7 GAGS 4d8, Oda bbe muh bd editgato 2 at amene seine Mee és \eletid +owt «uO ,te2 cokttes edt aor: segned oat) bt asi mort wenke tin: + BRO ¢ AL hap gotiasell.at geihiopca 4 OPEB ee ni Oe ae 0 pRClecemls mevly tte yedoenteS has s9inoM ys bodtroped . . ’ La : é > . a 4 * ° a uP -~ I ' ‘ \ a Hy! : 7 y oe 4 J y y rh AD a ; fs ‘ ; q “i a 1 y > } ; : “tl * ‘al 7 ht Di i i it A Re . 7 a) : a : yy | # io sy Ge A a , 37 The musculature has been well described histologically by Zerneoke (1895); while Kiessling spoke rather briefly of its arrangement in the late larva. Later Luehe dealt with the system in general (1897a and 1898) and its relation to the ..>rvous system (1896 ), and Linstow (1901 ), gave 2 ooneise account of its arrangement. The writer has nothing of importance to add te the contributions of these authors. The chief nerve atranda were found in transections between the lateral and median quarters of the transverse diameter of the strobila, in the median frontal plane that is below the neibhbor- ing testes, and with a diameter of 50. The details of the system have been studied by Moniez (1881), Niemiee (1898), Zerntcke (1895) and Cohn (1898), the latter of whom found condi- tions pretty much as in Schistocephaius, namely, that each chief atrand has associated with it six collateral strands, arranged in three groups oftwo each. | a) The exeretory system was studied by Monies and Zernecke in considerable detail. As pointed out vy Linstow two regions accommodating numerous longitudinal vessels are present: (1) an outer, close beneath the vitelline glands, and (3) an inner; be- tween the inner longitudinal and transverse muscles, or as Linstow figured, between the former themselves. In the material studied the outer-plexus showed very plainly, but the inner vessels were found among both sets of muscles and not nearly as distinot as the outer ones. The sets of genitalia, beginning about lOnm. from the anterior end and very closely crowded together in the longitudinal en | AT at Oa i i, cae yilsoinolotetc hedicos oh. Stes aued wes ene ae, ett to ylletas aedtas otogp: gables aah ah dakar atewes): oa woteys ody tiv ileet scent, seed | tell e1yL eite pl tn peach yy est of wedtebetpadh ous. (88BE pate aget) ' te troones Sticun0G » ovag. 1 OGL} wotentt. daa mi ei) of fie of 0 Cd Por ped to and a ued Tad Bee adh Soham va . SMT ie He 9 @ TONE kee aondit Be aaod Seented onodteoasese el bartat stew, paetite te patios er tid 2p aot omplh. saraveanst eBt ho Pup ED va ~apdsiew vat woledet teat, agala Let aor% dbo ont gh “gt to: Si teteb, ott | 4 OF Yo woe ta 2 af (h (098L) oo tmest, (£982), e0ano% Ejeet. . | attitton bawe?. sod te sett et ads (ene ten fas testo’ dogo tag? hemes «apie a2 depawrce. saniornte ‘evetetion xieitt « Bs aa. ix “y «} etivero: te vanes bpivé daieorcshesllliar ok Saokyex at noteatds qd tue betgkegibhes iL tecok 4 sahl): 1ioeessy eae efaeqdT beth igmes auc asia stab ~Gent me (0) bas sehnaty etkcety edd de vemed: a woth hh 20 ne Leu. enxevo.nest. bad Lophbet tycaot rasa _beligts Letieten oat al .,evdonmade aaumot edt woot 7 crew elssoey ‘went matt seid Xietnkg CHEV) Dewods xox ee Tonleekd oo gliadin a amt ir ates dted 4 : ou Cs ow .aeno " Odd sort sa0l ¢unde grdmmtyed ,2ther beep to 0706 wt Lagélubtgmol edt at a SI: thewote ye bas ri 38 direction, were found to lie from 0.14 to 0.18mm. apart, 0.13- 0.15mm., being the data given by Linstow. The openings are usually almost exactly in a transverse line, but the oirrus and uterus openings alternate irregularly from side to side, that of the vagina being constantly in the middle. This alternation of the openings is due to the similar alternation of the internal organs and evidently was the basis upon which the earlier species L. digramma and alternans were established. The genital cloacs is a quite irregular transverse depression, 0.18-0.20mm. in width and 9.02+0.0amm. in length, the reapeotive measurements by Linstow being 0.106 and 0,026mm. "The teates lie in a single row, which is only interrupted by the uterus, on the dorsal side of the medulla be ®, They are from 35 to 40 in number in transeotions, ellipsoidal in shape, their greatest diameters being transverse, a9 indioated by the maximum width, length, and depth being, respectively, 115, 45, and 85» . Linstow gave them as 150 to 180, long by 88 to 156p wide. The loosely coiled vas deferens is situated above the oirruse- aac (Fic. 3) and is roughly divided into two parts by the laterial coils of the uterus, one part being immediately above the oirrus- aac and the other close to the dorsal body-wall. The duct attains a diameter of 30» when filled with spermatozoa. Distally it ex- pands into the very small (as compared to that of Soh. solidus) seminal vesicle, situated close to the dorsal wall of the cirrus, gac. The vesicle was found to be from 65 to 80 in length by 40-65 in diameter (156 x 86» , Linstow), oval in shape, the narrower end towards the cirrus pouch, and provided with only a a “al oT. ry, % © See hie, ee ee? PT ae) ee ee ; > . “ir y ant ae a wat wid iv i U be 7" 4 7 _ \ 5 ue \ te 2 ee ; ; s ns ry La | en ” sy 7 4 i i n ’ ; abt Lethaia: MOBS O08 BELO worst att ot: nati sere: die ve es ceigaeteago edt. wode ohh yd: we tp ad ath eake: gated. | bas “eert te nt dud: peakk eromenuet il as uitesne. desma Ae to suctt 9shfedt ofthe wod't: Lenabimpeeh st anes kage ta Ao go hrupeet fae tit © vebhbem ed Bh UL gat oon. \gatod wai ye ‘a Thiraasad od? to OR carshte aafibate ote of] gab ied iephiaedt so tatite ” btixae ‘wat do tde son hited “okt quae: viswebive: b a woagho: Lad tog: Oe? Dodie Licutem: OLD eagomed ce ae si Ae DRE ml. e8 0-65.0 snanavengeb ice sovgsant: herctatanl: wont ne ve omotweasn evitoogie ‘ede gaat wees ete. Se em ee CE web ‘baeid | i ere aT ete: ioe i abese “ ove elt antect ¢ ore GOT 8.4 akiubom ont To Mbte Lena eaeind fourm + eae. nt Labtovmtite 60H So Ogmmcnd ce sddaipint: 09 ee’ iP yO Dedsottat on essevenatt potec sxstemdee @ bane’ 8 sAE, Velev theeqies: peleduttgeb hen cepted » pees. OF 86 Ye pmol yORL oF OBE am mast ‘avag “partie ‘od? othe botaitte of oneusted BLY be fheo 4 heres add YS etueg owe ota? ‘bebswaa Xidquos obben ted serriste ait evods: (lotationst gatw Prag exo. verede oat M0 ' wc beste rout aa? Lawaytod Lows aby. added sole settte ade a mhe ££ eh sade sHORe? rnasge dd le pepeey ae ae : bed fo" (e#b iia G98 0. tals of heraqmte 6) LLans resy aft 9 ees eRYET LO ad Yo C08 Lawson of GP Role Dos eu? te oceh ‘ae WS Megael at 408 or 28 eer) es of ‘Bayo? aie osusotnnuil Cit jedede: at Lewo otwdtennd , 88 ye BE i € Ulho Stlw bebivory fis dovoe eevate nds cosoweg: baat $ i comparatively feeble musculature, The wall of the structure is richly supplied both internallyand externally with nuelei which are respectively those of the lining epithelium and the myoblasts, ag in Sehistocephalus (vide infra). The epithelium is strongly Giliated, The oirrus-sac (Fig. 3) is an gvoid body, somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally and obliquely by the uterus and alterna- ting irregularly from right to left, always occupying the opposite side of the median line from the ovarian isthmus and the neighbor- ing female ducts. Its wall is quite thin, while apart from the @irrus proper which occupies the distal two-thirds, the contents eonsist of loose parenchyma and few retractor muscles. The measure- ments of the organ in sections sre: dorsoventral diameter, 185-200p3 width 130-145; and length, 130-135; which are guite at variance with Linstow's diameter of 53 m of what he deseribed aa a spherical orgen. Within the cirrus-sao the vas deferene is not sharply separated into ejaculatory duct and cirrus proper, altho the latter is quite distinct, closely coiled and as much as 25p in diameter. : The vagina opens into the common genital cloaca, if one may use that name for the depression meftioned above, in the mddian jine and usually equidistant from the openings of the cirrus and uterus. It passes dorsally thru the cortex and the musoulature with almost a straight course and then within the medulla turns sharply posterolater. ally, in which portion of its oourse it has a a * ' diameter of from 15 to 304 (54, Linstow). Its thin lining of cutioula, dircetly continuous with that of the genital depression, gradually passes into a nucleated epithelium, in which no aistinot Gell boundaries were made out, just Within the cortex. Dorsal to Pee 22), ony att Wren cee ead Ee Man) ti Ba Pie | WY “ aa = ee | ef 4 pre Gare ‘ome: ta: diew os ae ‘ ereteduoegm ained i | | a . ao id bite Le doarse: dtbw, ULeavetae base yh Leased ah: aon: benewe. tf | . | Fi ? 4 ud ‘an 4 Ry shyaces. beter naote ae otat: negueeaits) waver oqtsene el yy RS eae wo teuekh. waar en owed, 99 aud im intdy ot % | att sy OL ehnwhgeges, Lea ta98 boqada segtntge .F bactssib 9 -Late: Titty? phahowet naahaor Samtay? : towed Lothiaditqeseo qpie ule, uae ss “ e % apa smePhOud yolavo eob-sageds: tron eo moh tad | " Peavy ide baer Dy ato ae, ernqgqadenide! peers | ‘4 es aS tet ina, 16 nha ads ea vod: Bed 2x9» ob rab cit a. : Bvt 4 tuaot Taye. x cathe, et?, tte henattcoo | DOK anne noted eg | et te bene, ee botteta nh sLadqoo' vbadtod galt to onisa03 ar ath: ot bine ai agro me HOR. webs: mk wos ant ye peet-se thas Dh ott ‘bio ore ea hoqadene Loatgn es me Leh g0OOT. ade. oe. 7 pale: 0. ya! ites ‘erhed broom) ihtacscnnce atin 7 ‘iia ia 9808 O2 aree eqe: beakatinoc do nimi dgeee nied ‘getup. whith Pade. a wGkion f ar teiyttve: Od) a? tecnct tus OT, we oat fon: dei nt aa jiu (>) 492) quae eat outa ¥ it ae ‘dager. apa Bie arora ek: . cotnag flabaon nod as ¥ tu eo 4 ot tein Lwobre camrgae . mek: ean ag? + tehomath as tds: ‘Se 7S Pe nie dexoo th-vetgle note ahd al bakeed but: 2a Ot the pa a st Contry abt ad aneke - ohage te gale ee die: x ord oi} dmtions , AQ ode Mats O@ Sepuelae, welren stoa. mig | Ci repaites eid .o4. mere? caekes tombive : ih? rade: a eheiw act yet bast 284 9 Madar Pap anne MSshon. eet md e004 “4 ose yLoa *esree «Piel of ry aout Ninphirae uf wad} cate of G80 neat softer +2. .ofi8 a eT ce peesmurtte: on om atl. . mmbivd te yitexesel Avgenk * aan Dew. sede at. noktiibace bebwutro *teoote ods oh eu tbo at aotramtt s : ie oh a s - . i eA | , & i » i hk “ ’ ar. ay { Df { ie i ae ae se Fed Wi te Pe, eee ie. Pe ee tinal een: Pe one ar Vee Vy ph of the reproductive organs and the pressure exerted by the large uterus in the median line. Whereas the wing has a maximum dorso- ventral diameter of about GO fm , the isthmus is about 25p in depth and roughly ellipsoidal in shape, protruding in sections from the dorsal region of the junction of the wing (Pig. 3). Ova from the isthmus were found to be oval in shape and 15 213» in size (13-16), Linstow). The oocapt is directed horizontally away from the side of the isthmue and from the median line. Ita dia- meter ia 18-30», with whioh compare the dimensions of 88 x S36p given by Linstow (vide supra). The oviduct has a diameter of from 15 to 20 Ms «© Taking a gensral dersal course after being joined by the spermiduct, it sconlreocives the common vitelline duct (Fig. 4) which has only a limited enlargement from a previoug dia- meter of 1-30) to 30 to form the vitelline reservoir which is leoated close to the oviduct with a length of 404 . ‘The vitclline foliioles are situated in a layer cgloae beneath the aubouti oula and are continuous, excepting in the median ventral line. The individual follicles, very irregular in shape, are 50-60 in depth and 30, in width, Linst. ow's measurements being 65 x 47, and Kiessling’s Gu in the larva. Coneerning the shell-gland Lin- stow said: "Dic Schalendruse ist ein 0.088-0.105mm. grosses Organ, das dorsal von der Mitte des einen Keinstockflugels an der Ent- sprechenden Auscenwand der Uterus liegt; die Zelien, deren kleiner Kern sich inteniue farbt, sind 0.5039mm. grossa." In the sections made by the writer 1t was found to be a quite irregular structure, composed of greatly elongated club-shaped celle with necks of different lengths which unite with the oviduot in a region only it a . Me : i¢ * * : 7 y 5 etal oft xd Sots oma. (OLE SOME ABT. waa | emagne sedtoubosqen nda “OU TON. muta tne eb ae gatu. eGR qeonvth, ees ao then edt Brie ai 4.80 tubs ch armmitatings . OReiwods to rad ema : eicitoot al. gadterte:g yegede at EghBeeqt! fe. ‘Wansot aul svO'-¥(8 spit) gate add tormostouut ‘aaFi20 19 £a0% feereb $i Ql Boe OL one wjede ative ed) oiitewo? tom mumetet | Yawn. Gitstacttigd Dbetoetsd. #2 Pyseed att: “« (wotem hd: es att! o@T seatk nathew wit woth tabquinitat edhi2e, obte-ed MORE BO%o egolememsh: ett oxaqnce: Wena ig te mm GOT AG Ketemetd @ cadtevbiro ext - Gategie ohty) heat c6-G gated. rerta seiuas Leerod Lexseon a oebaalt daub er2tLertvsmoames ostit ov soqeynoon’ #2: Poa kh: ainetv ose: amos) SiemagsoLre bed ehh ayia ¢ > gd aie kite Tiovseses oatdlet ty oa? wo: 6 i of 4S “ie eatbsshty edt +s 4O0 20 Mtpns « ate deabies nit a be eal jake ktvatiie edt Atested esos. ceqataat dros aint bi ‘edt. east: Loateay esthin ad) ab pettaeoro , 0 ee | at AHO8 ogo jenvtag COIR VOL’ ,OkP,0L .fkeced cet. a0 i;wswer® Lanohesi: ag ta Yteiavtal ocr te RORMOHL TOD: att 16 GB, 9E Dae LO wZTt EF ee phte¥ G6 roneetort: to (amo GOP «ehbag oitguf 4 ohm LLk9 . BR. . e mottoe leg edb aes oes bese <26r ,OaL eal BEL yORL (80 (Nh. . 908 bee aoe ie ~£] \voh wh Senet age et ivhs edt bas (aattontice @ pert sectat od? aed? ycov Mudgedd 407 1D, OB.Li Ch) Baler’ Abie riche se ares Sesay habe 4s a tins \ Saat): a ay, etd el Ae 1 7 ¢ * €a Genus 2. Schistocephalus Crepiin,1829, Taenia (part.) Auctorum, Hirudo (part.) Linnagus,1i745. Fasciola (part.) winnaeus,1767. Rhytis (part.) Zeder,1800. Halysis (part.) Zeder,1800,. Bothriocenhalus (part.)Rudolphi, 1808. Schistocephalus(part.) Creplin,1829. Generic diagnosis: Bothria and external segmentat ion ai- readyfeveloped in the larva. The tip of the scolex retractile. Segmentation complete and corresponding to the internal structure of the animal. Longitudinal and transverse muscles arranged in several alternating a4ayers (three transverse layers enclosing two longitudinal layers). Type (and only) species: Sch. solidus (0.}F.iMueller}. Schistocephaius solidus (0.).Muelier,1776). (Figs. 7 - 9.) Larval stage: 1754 Taenia ce iPrisch 1734 ; 595, 1745 Hirudo depressa alba Linnaeus 1745 : 2650. 1758 Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus 1758 :648 1761 Taenia tata Pailas L761 : 410. 1767 tasciola benstica Linnaeus 4767 3: 1077. 1776 Taenia solida Mueiler i786 : 219. 1780 Te6hia gasterostei MueiLer 4780 : 22. 1780 Taenia gasterostei Fabricius © 1780 : 520. 1781 Teenia acutissima Pallas 1781 ;: 76,78. ) ab msedown : ‘ Seti aumeanta - TORS SAG ME bes 2684 .2ehes 0081, 1985. 8081 tila Low ..2neg) aoe 8834 paddgertd (. A teg) . ia ‘nel. Leinenges iactesxe Soe atnised: tbdoagatb.s <94 Sd 905407 x94098 ads te gis eal. ae Maat bd ewioutse denteiot etd es apibaogaetto9. bas, Attliees 3 ia ak begheris scien oatevacend bas Leatbustgnod in eo) ows iidaolene eee ‘eetevanats ee) orexs ee 4 ~ {ereye : Sa at : . Zax oy SO as a $i ‘ eb OR ec 893. vse len a OQE : SENL dioaeeticd OSS s saV1 auencntd Ges: BECL aesond., — | OLe ¢ sOTL asiiad -¥¥OL 3 VeVi audenttd OLR + SOTL Tes Loua ae : Oetd $04 seis OSS : oevi ° exlolnasd BF .99 . Jats ealled Batsch Schrank Gmelin Abildgaard zeder Rudolphi Rudolphi Gauckart Nitzsch Baer Diesing Zscnokke Zschokke Linton Conn Muehling Luehe Scott Schrank Gmelin Abildgergrd 1786 Zeenia gasterostei 1788 Teenis salida 1790 Teenia solida 1790 Taenia gasterostei 1800 Rhytis solida 1810 Bothriocephalus solidus 1819 Bothriocenhalus solidus 1sig Bothriocephaius solidus 124 Sothriocephalus solidus 1829 Bothriocephalus solidus 1863. Schigtoceshalus rhynch- ichihysis 1896 seh. dimorphus 1696 Schistorhyochus dimor 1897 Schis dimor- phus 1896 Se . Solidus 1898 Se . solidus 1899 S s » S0lidus 1909 Schistoc. solidus Adult stage: 1782 fasnia lanceolata nodosa 1786 Taenia lenceolata var. 1788 Tasnia poduleris 17390 Taenia Jagceoglata nodosa 1790 Zaeniea gasterostei 1795 Taenia janceolats nodosa Rudolphi 1800 Halysis alnceolato- nodosa Zeder . * 57, 139,477. 46. 97. 167. 6075, 49-58. 41. 540. +6 oVSS BEL . Se 66NL Hossa@ + 24 | kBLe 22 ses fiaea Basi Anawted sess (bole, ainest Os Ti . silend . * | (ebisea aboeed OCTL Hrasgbiida - ‘tetonetess apasiat O06 uebeS sl OR Akane OLes idglobul aubiiog soni Gis dig dobesi aublion auiadnepa bites @ial “ Pradoued auntioa! antasienndndiiy PSOL- ‘Moen sin snk aslacssndeaaitl il esa | > 1088 | seed aM AAs i e9aL “pateslay weisoageie, BLL 908 . pixorioas Seal sxdodoslt seed Hos Le gaat ” tio’ e2aL = gakstou eesl ectousd eoel sie002 “repaan | a 2Ete deol aeokan ataLoeirn atauad ar aer “S soased “tay aleieeonas , adagak 8 i ets Aneni>d shieiubon ‘shaped . OWNS rbceutd ‘papina aiaiesions, oer biaeaghi sgh eEEEE Ey pan ceti tagieaet es os uast coal oP Bothriocephalus nodosus Bothriocephalus nodosus Bothriocephalus nodosus Bothriocephoalus podosus ochistocephalus dimor- aus uchistoc. dbnorphus Schistoc. dimornhus Dibothrium ligula Schistoc. dimorphus Echistoc. dimorphus Rudolphi Rudolphi Leuckart Ritzsch Crepiin Crepiin Dujardin Diesing Baird Diesing kK. Leuckart Stesnstrup Diesing Wiitiemoes- Suhm Donnadieu Monniez Kiessling Loennberg Loennberg Odsson Ariola Fuhrmann Fuhrmann muehling Luenhe Ariola ; 54, t” OT :; 9S. 5, 296. 3.622. 3: 584. s, 19. S. Boss : 4€9, : 495, ce we “ cn e s 40. ee eee rs ¢ a6. yre : s8@ s . $88: 868.5 -@3e 3: ,3@e i Litqdobul ausolon ose teiq Lobun ausobea e oiiget® atige%2 alousted natest¢ petedeng paiectg, _sitsdoued. A quisacees3 goliesid -seomelil® miss’ velbsanod setanok gnilasetxz gtedaneod gtecnn sod 08280 ale ta ok ae ry ceaortiv’ oils debe [Teer ale lta ee re © e 1910 Schistoc. gasterostei Luehe 34910 1911 Schistoc. dimorpnhus Solowiow 1911 oe bh © oI . Specific diagnosis: With the cA&racters of the genus. Me- dium sized worms, length 50 to 500mm.,breadth 53 to 9. First seg- ment or"scoliex” 0.4 to O.8mm.in length and 1.0 to 1.5 in width. Strobiia ovate-lanceolate and depressed,maximum breadth anttrior to the middle; hindermost segments narrover and flatter, 0.25 to 1.0 mm. in length by 1 to 5 mm. in width, forming an appendage up to 10mm. in length; medium segments O.1 to 0.5mm. long,posterior bor- ders prominent. Shallow median groove on the ventral surface. Guticula 15 to -asa gaxli .@. of © Agbas ord , .AaOUS og. oF dignel amie" besie mute 3 f, m Hsdbiw ot €.1- O68 O.L She degeed ak ites 69 ot Rye “xeiooa*1a ae a * o?. tofwens at rar wt aunixen, Seaaoxceb oie CeO aia ait .< c. O.i of 8.0 ,2estell Snete ce ttas 2Inomged Joomratertel a | os gr Syehnegas a8 antorre’% ,isSia ot tS &.0s 4 4S degood a “tod ‘toltete0q,grrel .mme.0 os 120 asnomgse Rutbem yddgnet nk SOsiiwe Lsitinevy eds wo eV00TS nebbou solid - den - e Tha pe 0? Oe singlivodue j Sas nuaio iss ated 408. os od. evied Besndolds aé yOO oF Ch 204 cau Labs ig30% Lanrzeta. =fats al aisessy YISIex0x9 06 og C2 .tesemeLb mt 8 , bobwota’ “O80i9,cissoizgotg Oo) Sissoigotg wot? nedotemy ALiuben eit) “10 | - .igmed 2 66 0) 68 baa MBLe al 3d oF OD AEE “, A, —_ -em sets Te a2 sean elorip efi elolesvy laninesr ey of beliega Ciedsko, Fanwey; i ’ a eloianev isalined #2 63 oF SO Vieeds Souk only vietauii al . 90 he ,ogeda ni lave sea-8ut1lS j/stendolay afb 1 68 meat ad wO0l x4 BLS.0-00%.0 « €O8.0 - G8l1.0 ,elicsaov Jmiines eno’ ioise work evwriuid .eloisesv ienimes tonnl off - Sto T dere bh nts ley ee Pe “ proper not sharply sgparated from the ductus ejaculatorius; whole surrounded by numerous retractor muscles, Vagina 45 to 60f'- in diameter just within the medulla, Recep- taculum seminis large, 92-1l0ipin diameter, Spermiduct unites vith the oviduct close to the ventral wall of the medulla. Ovary with large wings consisting of closely arranged tubules, whole organ O.6mm. in width,vingsO.10 in length. Cva top in diameter, their nuclei Sp. O6capt 6& to 40 in diameter,oviauct £5 to SO,. Vi- telline gland unbrokem at margins of the proglottis,from proglottis to proglottis and medially, excepting for small areas above and be- low the proximal reproductive ducts; individual follicles 55-90 x 18-26». OOtype 16-Z2Opin diameter, ‘Cheli-gland slightly to one s Side of median line. Uterus 84-iSs5p,in diameter at its middle; the terminai portion directed dorsoventraily and iined with cuticue da distally; opening at the bottom of a siight invagination of the ventral body wall, formed by. the rupture of a preexisting cuti- cular membrane. Eggs, 58-65 x 22-58p. Habitat: As larvae in the body-cavities and coccasionally in the stomach anu intestine of bony rishes; adults in the intestines of wading and diving birds. Host wocality Goitector Autnority Larval stage: Gesterosteus aculeatus ------- - Frisch Diesing 1850:584. ba wd Greenland Fabricius Fabricius1780:520, ” NH meee -a--- hudelphi hRudolphi 1610:58. " “ Gryphswald & : rs 1819:140, Berlin ye. ~qooek Ged daly ytavo0 1b: i a4 ; wiv ie —. et a - Ot el | Sat ee ed Es he + ee ‘ é teatisoins Siig Gi asgiubsa ;,auedald aoa 40 Sievesad aes pe COSTE EN -@66;:0381 ypoieoid OSS: 0Sthaglolradat Q6301LM iaglobud Obs celal : oe : } s eloag isviiesagivoaste tesemeicd as Ag nt so -2eL0eum n0soanaen:, euoregus ws bebauerrurs aliohem ea} midiila Jeni wesemetd ai 4Os of se scigov _ + idtie seting soublotag#® ,tesemsth rib y POL = Se, searas pinion, ax - -¢iiebem adi te dhew Lorsaev ei? od eeolo “doubt ve aeyte eLose contests bogaatts wisagae, ‘to ead pazenoe sonte @ Adages. ah. Ob Oauniv irate ag » 40S C# G8 Jovblye w9semarh ataop of w qe0do ft: a + 013 204u0% wor 1215 204n0%q ois 1 aalgnae #2 soiordas , 53: : -ed bia avogie sso1s fLane 49% antsgooxe sUlsibes roy ots x OG +26 seLoLtio2 Lavbivinat 1d oud ovitouborgen , ene OF yisdgiia basig~iiede. -tesome2idh ah 4 08-84 eb Rta 882, $8 19 lemalhy- aby Sti-dB aunedi ends euolsuo ote Seni. bas. Wier snevpateb. desounse: ‘BOSS T0q. an ef? io aciisnigavai Jdgiie 2 10 sotiod ods Ba erlaegs ; + =liwe galieixeerq a io ote dqur. ott ANG: Rea suet E nt yiienoisesso>s Ons aslsivas=ybod ent ad esvihi ak = . | 1 eye SS- x 30-86. Al vairiie Saad bas ag Neha . rogesa d crsnesn= gua Lues, alas Snelson * “=< ee ee * si € ff oad ? 1} " ° pungitius ? uu " q " " Cottus scorpio “s poeciloous 7 bairdii Salmo salar Phoca vituiins Bhynachichthys gon gronovil Rana esculenta Gecterostous bisni- mosus atilnsii Uranides Jormose Adult stage: Corvus corax = fornix Beer Crepiin Sracciano,itaiy Parona Rome Loch Loriston, Cove,Scotland -<—<— = me ee Gry phswald Basel Gryphswald Hayti Chameook L., New brunswick Fort Credir, Ontario, Vinciguerra H.C William- son Frisch baer Creplin Loega Olsson Everman Mueller Rudolphi aschokke Crepiin "” Rudolphi Veinland Schilling Braun Schilling Diesing Parona Scott Diesing " " Rudolphi Olsson Linton Rudolphi zschokke Diesing Rudolphi Diesing Luehe Cooper 1850; 584, 1909:60. 1850: 584. 1810:58. 1895:15, 1297 :427, 1210:5e, 1819:140 1896 :776 1850:584 " " 1819:140 1850:585 1910:19 {the present paper) a Diesing 1850: 584 Muehling 1898:34 Diesing 1850: 584 a _« ; “ #8s8CGs . “ ; hed gO8seods ee: :C8Rs - * 3 4 > | 1882048: = 2 Se j - evl rea ea an Obs O8AL.. : 7 of « ; ~ > j Obi s@iBt 8610821 aL OLel «OL C@SL li aeks Rent: i 88,0585 Mele Lai (#de02 emallliW,o.8 -noteinad sio0d " antacid a higloSuit poseloO “gotatd “Rig iobun exdd0HoOa Ss | etieodc +/: hae bsiqh onus eniseld erie wl aqco0 (a6qae 7ABSONG sid ) " ask HeG1OS5f pedas dil bé; 0081 andidenk ($506:06RL grlacti p= fi eh @ > w ae abigerd anotal (iedl,onsicos4g * si%engloaiV noe doatet — - te88 “piiqetd s3e08 ie noeela nenteve sell out : beiqdo bud peeiatet: seq00 2 adh ilidtes ruse'r8 anililded bl ry eee eo oe Ngee syoo. aibnd wertoiailis woe we | Satibrinnerbkate perhaps iN a ¥ t - < (a eeteedeiedaentedaded! a ie z j ae), 0% Lt Mitac ae eat Loasa _ ree mm Sav iee ong ee iayall Aditi ee) oo so0smeto i i nOiasautTa sol tibet) 4 of tented \ U hs Aandi et -Pptee Sie hd ie tabiteonmed ate obeeutt j0s3 ‘ acnn sen enaee , rs _ aia : oe ‘ - i Ardes cinerea " steluaris Giconia nigra -- " glba A ge Sterns hirunde Serre aes aoe ran -—-———— ee i wienee - Solymbus septentrio- : « = = —" * hep astedh werwpoedaee " " Piliau " " Pirenze,italy 4 Sristatus cryphsvald BR aids a ee RS eae Oe : nisricollis Bracciano, —_—— ee ee Italy Braun Abildgaard Funrmann Rudolphi ochililing " WUE e eBook urypohsvalid Rudolphi Creplin aushiing Condoreili hudoiphi Abildgaard " Schilling —_—— oe oe oe hudelphi muchiing hitzsch Parona Solowiow Diesing hAudoiphi Puhrmenn Diesing MuehLing Luehe Rudolphi Diesing " " * Rudolphi Diesing fuehling Parona 1850: 584 1810:54 L896 : 546 1850:584 1898:34 1900:19 1819;140 14850:585 1819:140 1850:585 LE 98:55 189938 RugolLphiisGlelg9: 140 Diesing Rudolphi " Diesing Lushe Jilesing muehiing Nitzsch Parona Solowiow 1850:585 1810: 54 " " 1850: 585 L9LO:19 1850;585 1898 354 1824:98 189938 1911:125 BYR afes ar as | eX; ag foe he r $80 10381 #630181 S06: GOSi $8 $088 eevecer “@l:08e! Obeigisi 858: 0684 al f * ¥ tt Cd a n " Obs :asal 888 108ei 4 sts: * a 8:0651 paleoid idiclohua ian tile FT griabla pel Deen ete! . ile Lola peigeid “ ae " lig lobul eat adic shlidess aaotst | Ob1 CMGLAL slg io hid 888 :0865- $8;0081 ee 006 :046ei SLi Oleg 684:0664 #6: 582i O93 8281 S:8eal BS Ls LLOL ee ky "aaa aciaolG itiglobut yirtk2ee 0 Stig. aclesiu aii isieuin doeaila ane tay sol woloe 1» Ss hae ,@ arse ai LAP nerd _ Prrseyodtea ceraertrialt gintilrdoa nuert - ig fohult, anliiildos ees, asc Di s¥arigyte a Hig fotes “\gdbqatd Bal dieu tiietohavd. ligiebhss Dresxdiida ” ad guliLiiee Aoaaylaz anote4 voltwoloe > Pa a j ty et, i a Shene ae ee a c , t ee ae Fave 2 Se oe me oe et te eS ne afaaeet Jeeaa - fe Se ee et ee ee bisvadgyw 8 aw ee we ee oe et eee ae ee oe ee ee wel tes utéss oanonte phewangy7e se ' Si ee iia ti ti fk t —“~“en enn nw ee x "i » S eieied Bil ease - sevewanes mutate dare t —— P ag io See ee ee abldoobrus \ .Onsloosta yiasl evescnogardas eZ 5" 7 Ake Larus capistranus ------------ ? ridibundus " perinus " greentatus Mergus albellus Uria troile " eryiLe Alcea pica " forda Totanus calidrus Rossitten Pillau ? Glasvaer, Norway L,Storsjon, Jemtland,oOweden i Piilau Leipzig Jaederen,Nor- way Harelda glacialis Pillau Puliguia mariia " spgpaLamea g0acna- , Schilling Siebold,Coll, Brit.Mus, Muehling tleboid Creplin Bioch Schilling Bloch Schilling wuehling Abiidgaard Crepilin Loennberg Olsson wmueniing Abildgaara ochilling ” C.W.Stiles Loennberg duchiing i) Diesing Beird Muehling w Luehe woniez Diesing " " " " sueniing hudolphi Diesing Loennberg Olsson wuehling Diesing " Stiles and Hassall Loennberg suehling 1850: 585 1853: 93 1898:54 " a” 1910:19 kKS881:175 1850:585 % " wv u w Ww " fe 1898 355 1810:54 18503585 1890:18 1895:15 1898 :54 1850:585 18943322: 1890:18 1898:54 dalesid brisé Briidendé % i] 9 ‘Cds OLei Siiein! 883i; 18a4% “sbindx, tale galzeiu oe i. a gh Whee . me : Pigs . wey all 4 (33 .~ By i. i“ z he - -GSs08GL gntiseun . $8:0161 tdgionua 882 08aL Gi, 088L gtedaneod noasld was deleina aniasid a & e bus aeiiev dissaaii atedanecd bese: eens - Gi 3s OOGBL 20:068L gntidom Cte op OS 9 gniseid © entities 1Lod ~hlodeis auM. cite antidote e Pos - ee ee me biogels '. tnbiqeny. dowLe ‘patlildod toose- anilitsioe Sy bese bl dA gitiedinow 860i233, 645 Btodnnseu enllcfowe os a 9 eee \ wee te eran BUN et ee measgiseon |. _ MOL L2% Sa ee ee ‘fe wee Ree eee , ad ee ee ae “eK ee ee ee ee ee oe be <-“—s eee = Sie ot moc weee~uweunen {ae een nee. \reavesia } 4 ortok nebewr2, iwet weliii | ee ee ee — ee ee mw ee sisqisd “Toh setebest guthiian ys? Fulica atra Portoferrajo, Id.Elba Nyroca mariia omen eer enne Y hysmalig ------ aise oe sonnasyies cucul- Lincoln,Neor, Agtus i.8.sard Cooner (the present paper) ae of snotzS - “tired fey > = cape ’ a @L: 0101 : eriew SEP a tehatae cago (regeg sno2ore, Situd: ae 4 “ ‘ } a « #4 4 j dee tins od 4 arid Ss - —, > ps = rs i cy = - a ‘ id ~ . ‘ 7 a “ €: oe Pe ans na FE rnd > € dl aa . = o - = - me = - —— eed 2. ¥ > a) » «? ? ‘ $ - ; ‘ te . ~~ ‘ s: 4 - ot * : tee Oe ee ee + wey 2 ho b A caer : “ a & age Terra i : +e eee eee ee ee ee Te - : 14: fae og e = ff es wee “> aes 5 e eae eae | Se =; oy r ee B ay a 1 . + ‘si ie i ay oe i em ee eee ee ae ee A =a eat a ry sg said ra Relish dan. ct al Sly epson de t- - A ro ee Cae... oe a As indicated in the above synonymythis species was known for almost a century, at first as the larval form only and then as both larval and adult forms, before it was discovered that the two apeoies recognized from the time of Bloch (1783) were one and the game. Abildgaard: (1790), who called the work T. gasterostei, éceme to have been the first to consider the larval form found chiefly in stickle-backs to be the same as that found in fish-eating birds, since on feeding stickle-backs infeoted with the larvae to geese he obtained the adult form from the intestines of the latter. Yet Rudolphi (1810) did not agree with his conclusions but still eonsidered that there were two distinct species, namely, Bothrio- gephaius nodosus (adult) and B. solidus (larva), And thia con- tinued until Creplin (1829) united both in one species under a new genus, Schistocephalus dimorphus. Diesing (1863; 233) mode a new species out of the Schistocephalus found by Weinland (1859) in the Island of Hayti in Rhybhichthys grenovii, but later writers have considered that in all probability it was only the well know larval form of this especies. Willemoes-Suhm (1869) was evidnntly the first to study the development of the fertilized ovum which wae later gone into more thoroughly by Schauinsland (1885 ; 555). Donnadien (1877) to whom all go back in their comaiderations of the larval development of Liguia, unfortunately fell into the error of considering Schistocephalus and Liguia to be not only the same specifically but generically. The anatomy oas first studied by Moniez (1881 : 175), more thoroughly by Kiessling (1883) and still later by Fuhrmann (1896) ( under B. gachokkei sp.nov.) and Solowiow (1911). Linton (1897 : 427) is the only one, apart from ‘ ae a CMa et te ee ee ON e fe hy Se ave e Ba A gh R Tet) we a | ry f te ae Ia ts : he or md ee hy ay bY DP, \ Boe ey A @a% Me loos «0 Lit ye “eaoaree veacts ate as botso thes £ bite i ae ben yhoo wiot Levies: ed? &s. oaedt te “evedtawe & , ™ ord om? ee vow $2 wroted. ypaot e Lumb tas tet im a edd ine aac ¥ (869i), Hoot to emt? - ote aout tag tasoowe: 463 i i: | a TN T alvow oct boLseo aitw. , (08 A): PeaMgoL EON me 4 a ' birtiok acgs — oye Be rabde sO, et teaet ait Heed’ eved 9 | jenee Bes ‘bavot seit wo emee ode raed oF sin actilitett “ i 4 ichleig saveml ead ds by stad tad wig sdwedte ita mithewt 4 jneveal) eat to eaqiteetal ed! mon? a6) thats ane mena of | Lists ted akoteuloace atd.dtiv serge gon bab (ors): bras Bt “OLtAeoS ,vfemee (aatonge toatte th ox? erew wsets toa 3 ‘4 “tom 6 L0¢ bak 6+ feexel) eubsioe 12. hae Atiabs) 3 us . Woll a aebay BO SO.OQE amo ae dtod hed hres ret atignd 4 * wont & ‘phew: (abe sy S08L) pater it | h ost at 8384} Laslatet yd bawen at ved Wied bie: todet Pod. «dtvones 3 exdda tudes at orn (few edt ylso sow ¢2 ytt bi kdedory fhe at tate ‘CP aabive sow (8382) situ ~coonp lt ” sestouge aide to s GO tdv. mrvo: bagtiiixe? of? Xo dremel oveob ed? Chute of 4 : ? . (O88 y anet) beta Lert tpedog cd Eline stod? eto otat eaoy ‘v0 ede Lo eaohiwrrd ty : o ‘a Peds * nd Sat a) ile aodw ot (vtez) avin te norte wet otat (Lei Vistedasvotay ,eligld to deencetiiia emo odd Ying toa od ot ehtrodd Sag guladz90098 biog vl VS betbutoe ters eso ymotane off .¢lieotreneg dont Uh Teed {itte- bas (F665) gatin- ofl yt eldquesds? evdm a(O0L HO8L) 4 wolnofo® fae (.von. qe tediodnee rt tebaw ) (808L) mse e071) ¢teqe em yfnd ed? a (rep 3 wae), Ns, £8 ie: bh ay 7 Weinland's record which the writer was not able to locate, who has reported the species from America. | As regards the ocorreot name of the species it should be noted that, altho Luehe (1899 : 52) called the "typical and only Species" of the genue Sch. nodosus (Rud.) and the larval stage Sch. solidus (0. FP. Mueller), he reverted in 1910 to "Schist. gosterostos (Fabr.) ( = Sch. Gimorphus Crepl.)" without, however, Giscussing the change. But according to the Rules of Nomenclature, Art. 27 (b), the earliest name of the larval stace mist hold, so that, sinoe Iuehe himself considered this to be Sch. solidus (0. F. Muelier), the writer makes use of the latter in the present paper, According to Luehe (1910 : 19)Sch. solidus renges in length from SO to 300mm, while the maximum breadth varies from about .3 to Omm. and is located shead of the middle of the strobila. Ag shown in the table below the largest and only sexually neture apsoimen of the six etudied by the writer (vide infra) was only 20mm. in length by 6mm. in breadth. The soplex (Fig.7) is, ae indicated in the above diagnosis of the subfamily, not separated from the first segment into which it runs insensibly, the whole "head ® being thus triangular in shape. The bothria are merely Shore medion grooves which unit at the very tip not only with cach other but vith a frontel median groove whioh passes laterally into slight emarginations of the edges of the segments. While these emarginations were ecen by the writer to be present in the anterior segments, gradually disappearing towards the middle of the worm, no such "flet leaflike flaps (bothria) on the lateral margins, site a ot aad tort ‘ge tothtw ed? data tm omit Bott: ah weed oo towed oar bateomt i : et Riedda dt eshooge cat. Yo amke foeRtoo oft abzayer ae : vial bud. Law eyxe edt do hao (88°; @88L) eduudh agg ts cede outta Lavtehids baa (. onett) gemobet..dn8 oxirtny git to mee | ‘Sehog*. de “LOL et bettovet od ett: cash 90) 9g 4 oa | ne jaamiiogond ubdt ty Cs Sond stntrowaby bs Te 4 ‘oLtet *yabedredios ot gar ge thtves 42800 & belie Oo Ls ¢ eS of Pow — 4 woe “a oo , on . of ai vino ton taonoty ean evoote Latzed oad hettute ¢ {ex% Lalita ®yaveel att at (bedoop Elem og, ton) » 36) Gao 26,br0 t0tretne edt % eaottase at often. ote. 684 Woalledeée oe oO. Wits a2 sas 4 790m oui a alts di¢on "a : ee” of ‘ot mops YoU? jsasatoage ¢ ai tov ha at bodoolueve utes ~list otivup ylézereggs ase ag onitiliy sonstsoqas Txebaoeee | mo ks wizetas of¢ at afmontpoe off OLLae . orate xhedt old? yLevidverownes Aad beord Stew ons abtdon 4 May. 19 F Ay WAG fe ’ By bs : F I , ¢ (. : ™” Wi ; 7 ; 5 el mi jig | ( ) G _) veer .~ aS ae i he for N ! from 0.1 to 0.5mm. in length, posteriorly the satrobila is consider- 57 ably smaller and flatter, espeoially in mature individuals, but even in larvae the segments being much more irregular in outline and as much ss lmm. long (0.75 in the only ripe specimen studied), The segmented gondition of the strobila, in contrast with that of Liguia, io rendered more apparent by the prominent posterior bor- ders of the anterior and middle proglottides which at the margins produce the characteristic saw-tooth effect. The following table gives the measurements of two specimens with those by Linton for comparison: ‘Humber Length Max. breadth Length of "Cauda® Breadth of same Med. segs., length Post. segs., * First seg., * _ Breadth anteriorly | ® posteriorly Length of bothrium - Condition cinee the 72 17mm. 6.5 . 1.64 1.1 . 0.16 0.25-0.40 0.46 0.48 2.11 0.074 Larval H? COMM « 6 30 2-3 0.27+0.46 — 0.40-0.75 0.46 0.46 1.11 Absent Adult 4727, U.S.N.M. 3emm. Larve2 essential features of the internal anatomy of thts specica have been worked out by the Rurop ean workers, only tho striking similarities and differences to and from ths data given in particular by Kiessling, Fuhrmann and Solowiow will here be dealth with in support of the ariter's contention, in the ab- Ai i rp i ‘a \ y a)” 4 ” ashiagoo 3: ot wltdorte seat cinitatasage: qty D mk Abr) a a sud .elamdty thy2: otut ou ooh Qi ls kanes ted hee> sashiinull oalitwo at saLgpetis ota. fonm gated’ et aongee edt corent ata a , { dOLLBI a -qomtonde ogte, (kad. ede atya). “grok ig ea aa: to dade Adee seaxtaco ah: «blitouss ent te ents Lave. bora “sat! tod sends eaontmory of? Yd @aotegge eam | covets ed gal hea emt: te in belive gnbdes olaqouy oLhbie) ah 1 Leaba Levaad: «< | 1 lB: Ry Boks e w ; 6 Ysotens Limmetad ef? Le seston} Epthnoees vita von!’ Hi .¥ ib rites Vthgh oY yee it ech) ywredses ceogoned eat ud tag beaten oeee pweld wo toy : yaly : 4 : étzf eff goit bas of ewoaore? ber hog sodttead pate pat po i ’ ty *,. 1 j ‘ ‘ ms | atod [{2e wodvaloP (aa neentaet vw hdenay s relectt 0g a ; | . 4 n 4 4) soe via de of? at .nottnetane + sa be dt ve teoqhis pikes | J : 2 i or. oat >. ry 3 W ; A ab oI Ye atin at ven. “tan we Le ) pa ad = Rois ee ver icy : ’ rid sence of Furopean material for comparison, that here in America we have the same species as that found in Furope. And it will be oonsidered that, as brought out by Luche in his three contro- versial references (1997b and 1899a : 715) and by Cohn (1898 : 126, footnote), S. sxchokkei Fuhrmann 1898 isssaynonymous with S. solidus, sinoe many of the data given below will be seen to eompare more favorably with those published by Fuhrmann than with those by either Kiessling or Solowio#. According to Kiessling theoutioula is from 15 to 18u in thickness and divisible into two layers, of which the inner and lighter is from 8 to 9u thiok, while the outer is striated or granular. Fuhrmann desoribed a gutioula only 7p in thickness and divided into two layers, and Solowiow gave the thickness of the "homogeneous cuticula® as 23, but Minckert (1905a : 408) gaid that the comidian or pseudociliated layer, present in many bothriocephalids, was quite evident in §. nodosus but absent on the posterior borders of the proglottides. Here the cuticula was found to be 15» in thickness, exoepting on the posterior borders where it was only 5p» , and to be divisible into two layers, the outer of which, a little thinner than the inner, was much lichter, granular in consistency or somewhat striated with, however, a more or less uniform external boundary. It ssems to be easily separated from the inner stratum, the bounding line, in-reality the innermost portion of the external layer, being in most places very light. In fact the brightness of this inner lsyer of the outer stratum indioates the degree of separation of the two layers in the process of sloughing off the outer, which oan be easily ' } Pi ae J Oo WO eee het AE SM aL a, \iiey OR Ds A aay Bh a) a “4 a vs! ee Oa, Semel ‘ re. \e A > alte 1 i ie Te ¥ > ue A 1 a ue he pay ren Ae “a Bt iy yr , . ‘ faa 4 yi : y a i 1 he yy or = . . po lvomA at er0d Pad ace beagaoe 20% wisitubieanaia 4 : fidn th bea’ ‘ » oepornertt 22 bate tid Oe) ee hoogn aimee eat ove wortsnes o oonde aid af odeml qd ano dlgvorns oe ted he woSlec 4 erat) sto yt due fads $ MOGELE- Desi ANGE )omegneteter 7 : ditv pvomgnemrsce! CCBL dike Sedtodomm up ene $- goow ad Litw voted: meets eteb oat ‘Sov gerfan onate” ‘ ybee A tei SRAM. bedgktdeg oped ead der ‘ova: vm De ee Potwalod 70 ypmdsene £2 ‘edb at HOt. of OL 08% ay akg ktiso oat omefeeess. oF gm Gas ai hao tex sad ‘ed? “Golde fe qetegel owt ota etc tea at Ge we Setaiztea ef tatup od? s£idw goloidd we ‘et 8 wort 2A econo ls? Py: alte: ataottao obectropet amamtst, * vs to. debate tae eat. STAG ‘wotwoLoe, bas onoqed motvocndt (apa s 28001) duodqalm sane 48S 82 Satur teuees O21 yarn at tdeeetg .teyet bese tS factored 6 eathinos | SO dieeds.tud exobor 4 S| tae btve) ed tor eur sebes ane airs tue ody otek secbittotyons ont te atobxed ereltod ros tioteog oft a0 aititqeoxs (wesadte 67 ak A ase odd (oxoyel owt otgd oidteteeh ed ot dae ,. 48 ySaOlDE vm setages doom ose .oengl odd mett aeanddt elsent « phen ‘ +2 Cah, 5" Pri , Sv . ih 108 & .weverod liv sefedete Pomrames 10 vonetelenoo cf t ul tede og + emece tL veneewed Lemetze wetted « Wilser He . 2 ti anthbaged ods anton tp teant ad? aesd 4 "7 esos! dete at: gnied ptoyad Lanrredge ef te 0 EF UO 5 jrowte'en , it to toyek somal add Yo secmdapird edt gee% aT rr ezogel cr? pdt 26 aobenss Toe. to getpod of? orn ut ete Uilgse od ate doldy ,veews ad? Yo wapeele to cone a 4 a re ¢ Nd oe A ree fer saad he followed in sections as desoribed by Kiessling. But this de- soription applies only to theadult stage, for in larvae the euti- oula, altho of the same thickness, shows an outer decidedly psaeu- dociliated layer only au in depth. The subeutioula, 88.5 in thickness in the median line accordins to Solowiow, waa found to be from 40 to about 65 , Kiessling having given the limits as from 29 to 38, . White the parenchyma is, as desoribed by the authors, very fine meshed, ocaloareous vodiles are present in com- paratively small numbers, particularly just beneath the subcuti- mula of the larva. Their maximum dimensions were found to be 83% 1Sp. The musculature has been weil described by Kiessling and Fuhrmann, so that it needs only to be aaid that in sections of mature progiottides the writer found that the outermost layer of Sraneverse muacles as well as the outer loncitudinal layer were much less numerous and hence well defined thay in the larva. Whereas Kiessling gave the thickness of the external and internal longitudinal groups, which on account of their compact nature were found to be more uniform in thickness than the transvers layers, &8 8-33 and 16-49) , respectively, and Fuhrmann as 4 and Gp, the writer found them to be 17 and 30-40 p . The nerv' ous system was first studied in detail by Niemies (1886 : 9) and later more thoroughly by Cohn (1898 : 126) who summarized ite structure in the following words: "Von dem vordersten Theil, den Ganglien und der Commissur, ziehen die Hauptatringe und 12 Nebennerven riickwtrts (six associated with each chief strand). Die Nebennerven theilen sich dichotomisoh in zwei Ebenen, der “bb plad 9u@, . eobittol: 308 eis: a ee ve aout ag oo: beat aa | rehomed. s:evad of based eter « 5 LES oat akaouges m i ie pad tenient xe -y w dete ‘bepeqmee 4 de 20 @ | aves oroR eloeoey Taogamexe OS on es son a ee + HOR oF 2 mot y potgass. wrotumuth date: copsemerdli: we . yi 2 Ose, tlest, ‘SvEG-RORPO LAP uitie wesenny: edt. ee pat vie “eds | gatei0ng. eo00 ath a: Ore s beabmowy, aainanet® nh a + BuO vittn renter ou Yodo wulilabele nore ott phdeatdoe tit) to. plsongeth edt at vanity h (TOT OFOF Cap AT) ox toleoe odd he tog aeoke nye - (iam fas , 2sag: ev0a oat to 6F 0 monte 7 tena o¥6 | oti HI6L edt of. tmonnsg orem ntnowdber slob wm | pees ogd mt efide ede solfsdiaa vat sot? | poe i/eeetie ogpe est « (ots halgzong sees ade ai ten yeas) vom ae . feugl etes amipev hoo: earthy edt | seri ode ‘toe servodati : mEtda'. 2 diy aseste ine Lae vol Leeds yreg a at texts eRoe ooo 7 . : AGE *UOGs! DA MOP onto dl are st Geet -sorgle soctamy ; tigiz edt of rit te Aapdle. prev dud eiwhly emt insdad 4 Pe BY " . w . h ~oSfi Apes tedtan) pudgeqo entreta- of? ee gelbtocen tom baw am yy: wif .sbuviiqna te¢ecesp ode tod YLralvgewts. eos acteae hedinceeh es .olpan Haiti: onyeaee re i rece Dee ag Aa ler eae he by Kiessling, but, ae waa pointed out by Luche (1999a :716) this arrangement is by no means constant but varica with the state of contraction or relaxation of the whole strobila and hence cannot be considered as specific. The testes are arranged in a single layer in the dorsal portion of the whole of the medulla not only in the larval but also in the adult, as desoribed by Fuhrmann, the majority of the exoretory vessels being situated towards the ventral aide of the medulla, and are absolutely continuous from proglottis to pro-+ glottia. Their number in transections ia from 30 to 40 (30-35, Kiessling) and in sagittal from 8 to 123 for cach proglottia, thus making the total from 340 to 480 or over 300 on the average, whioh atands in distinct contraet with the number of about 100 given by Fuhrmann. The latter gave their dimensions ae 30 x 34m, Kiessling as 16 to 66+» in young and 149 in mature animale, and Solowiow as 68-93; while the writer found them to be from 85 to 100p in depth, 40 to 65 in width and 55 to 85 in diameter in fronts] seo- tions. They are very oloacly crowded tozether in the proglottis. The vas deferons forma a compact mass of coils situated in the median line dorsally and slightly posterior to the vesicula semi- nalia to which it is glosely applied as a sort of eap. While the diameter of the whole organ is about 0.30m, that of the duet ite self is from 35 to GO, when distended with spermatozoa. Kicssling gave ite diameter ae 38, and Solowlo# 19 16.3. The large thick- walled seminal vesiole (Fig. 9) eltuated immediately above the girrue-gac wae found to have a maximum depth of 175» and transverse diameter of 150, , 28 compared with the 92m of Kiessling and the ee eh ER MORNE ur eS dak a in p fet C Olt. a) { ‘gpa en fi a i ir al i ra Behar Sh sch xsl ws ‘$e bavettogt: Say os ot ames x Jo state ed? Helv es inee: tug baat bam BLT om NS et? ys ( , - vi . a Poomeo nl inc «fidorwse. oledwoady Ye aoike analect 20 5] a fh: 7 fe ‘ Bibi sy oe pawobhie Uueweb we tobi qo 9hyaide wel Daa. et: oneuet at ay a i onla tg deviant afdons gine tox ei lobe mh to- tlouiy erit 4 WBZ LO UR SRO Lae Oh. etimmbers LAE ud Bodivoned. Ce. ae sa edt 20. efite Leztnev itt sbaavo: bedautte sriee sipeey “ | aot OF. Kittalgoxy mene : exouc! ho puro, 4 ora: teal ga (ae tO) Od. 08 O% mon? 2 — : saanth yi “com tect i we 4 her aust .0 Litotgorg tose, ta BE a mont S008 dyn Saal oan 3 ns Rune} Lopate aa n08: ueyo ie 08h eg ee aon? osteo 4 Phe en ioe ¥ 4 beak M DOL oxida * tg nodes ead ae be towtace pac tt t at " +X ’ paileoetz 4a & 2 08 af smo tenet utody ane venta: nigh a is ea WOdwoLeR baw yeluimtrs: sushae ‘at aie ween 94 a re o£ bese agxtved of mods. rn oA oes tom at of . 4 ae | aed hetnoxtndsetemeth Rt WD of 2a tow rt ee ee tr ‘ehttoi yor: ext ink | Rodiey yor bobrene: yhowote yney oan . Set ar whence te te when Praga. 2 andenetine . her ee leey ett ob: statwort MEMRlg tLe haa ULsered od¢ GPta¥ : .qen te. froe eo te Reel we be sofo et 24 abn ai vosrh ait) Go fode . nd .Otwodh at BeQUS vlode edt YO goliag i] i soveebmege dtae hehmeteld ade 408.0986 wor pide egual sd? 0.02 om bogedsow hea (ay BO) Be xo roth a . odt evods gindeibomm) hesestig (0 | .—44) adn tepy- Lax | . eexevengis Samu yet to oer ust 05. bn oved oe i id his gl Lepesl Dp My Be ott ne eameaiitsini te unt € ; |, nce er x / Ty 3 i) f ‘co 4 7 ‘ Fi Vane, eer eee eee ee f 63 80 « of Puhrmann. Ita wella are very muscular, sbout 35u in greatest thickness and covered both internally and externally with numerous nuclei whioh are respectively epithelial and parenchyma- tour or myoblastio in their nature. Within the cirrus-sac the ves deferens is mush coiled but not enlarged to form any secondary vesicle nor sharply espenetwe into an ejaculatory duct and cirrus proper. The sac itself ie oval in shape, the ventral end being the emaller, and the proximal eni somewhat invaginated by the seminal vesicle. Its sige is shown in the following table: Kiessling Fuhrmann Solowiow The writer Depth 0.347mm. O.25mm. 0.204mm. 0.1865-0.203mm. Width 0.182 ° 0.48 ® 0.174 ® 04+203-0.218 * Length oes see ia 0.166-0.185 " Its wall, about squel in thickness te that of the seminal vesicle, is, however, more open in texture, the Myoblastic nuclei of the obliquely arranged muscle fibres being scattered thruout its dia- | meter (Fic. 9). It ia, furthermore, not sharply separated either externally or internally from the surrounding parenchyma and the numerous stout retractor muscles of the oirrus, respeotively. The latter, in fact, constitute practically the whole of the contents of the sac apart from the duct itseif. The only protruded ofrrus seen hed a length of 70, 48 Compared with the 0,35045mm. given by Solowi om. The vagina, the opening of which is usually situated about 50 from that of the olrrus at the bottom of the shaliow genital cloaca, ebove mentioned, haa a diameter of from 45 to GO Mm re CO ft Ob ipods. telgou ssa 5 De patie eet: ~ thtw gilts ovedot has yileucetal dted Beaevroo | LiSh: sentnth i aR ey Etter: ial lediige ylorseowe: wis Kosar: ‘Re Lowit” bcorss bs Ty oun negkese Ot 2 MT Venter gheds ak: seca. aie: j Ad -~ \ Qamboogee gk aot: of. bogentae: Por Ose bet 200 Seam ot ay egixhe ioe Foul \ oe Lien ag ee ota dh: St ane ol eters won . 4 he , +H Y, Sitio: Lue. Love ao rer nt ‘Ler: biWoutt, cow one e () Me NS Seta pore: Paden Rie fa a atts % ete ey : oer 7 a / dab Peet Pays at ls Lae ; “A “4 i pokdet paewollet edt atawade et aader eet SSoheivrs : 2 A zed icy odT volyoio® pt f - he! : oft | +H OS 0-38 2.0 -SEHOs. > a + 1G a¢,9 a - 3. 8£5.0<868,0 .. » aff.o - $2.0 : P 4 4 4 . + '** & 4 " B8i.0-885,0 +e eae af | eile sho Lect hese edt e dad of escnse itt a Beary se ri vy rt eee %@ teloat otharsout: esd ‘onutaet at To T0- Wea 4 ‘ cw) : alt at tyowihe Lewes teow otieg oe" ty ofdeum Dognatts Xe | SES bet cotges ylquate ton. (etommadrei? a Rar” tO 43 a Gti iba amyions2eq yarthivotaie ad? “wo b ¢letrsatet. a ! poner 7 y aT stlavitcagoay .eureote aa) ‘te eo fougrm tetoatiet tuets ad | atneinoo edt Bo ofote odt y ‘tke ttonmg 6Fut ii egos .Ftoat at yt susie Db luetteory (Lae: a4 + tLout d #egh edt aor? @ceqs oso , setig .onGePa.O edt dia: WD ty 4 OF Yo dPanel 2 b ud botaui te yili ued bt sotde kK ot tang 0 of? alte oat wolicds edt lo aovtod adt oe wwexto em? to wad} smock 408 x Of ¢ ? oY 507 } id ef J eadndd: @ au «Sano bites: ovede -saonate ‘ “él i ae RG Nae et ee ea e H D.! at the first bend in ite course within the medullary parenchyma. Soon after it enters the latter 4t becomes thin-wolied,asa pointed out by Fuhrmann, owing to the thinning ovt of the cuticula and the substitution of the proximal nucleated epithelium for the same, altho more peripherally much flattened nuclei are to be seen bee neath the cuticula and crowded close to the basement membrane. In other words the gradusl replacement from within outwards of the gutiocula for the original epithelium may be followed very easily in the walle of the vagina. The duot gradually enlarges to form a much elongated receptaculum seminis (Fig. .8) with a dismeter of 92104, . (921, according to Kiessling!) and sharply separated from the spermiduct, which, however, was not found in the sections riade to uni te with the eviduct close to the dorasl] transverse musculature a3 stated by Fuhrmann, but close to the ventral wall of the medulla. The ovary consists of two large wings (Fig. 8), gomposed of closely crowled tubules, lying immediately upon the ventral transverse musolés and united by a much smaller isthmus, the whole having the width of 0.64mm, aa compared with the 0.39mm. of Solowiow. The avorage length and depth of the wings are, respectively, 105 and 90. Ova from the isthmus an more median portions of the wings of the ovary were found with.a diameter of 13» while their nuclei were 54. The respeotive measurements by Kiessling and Solowlow were 9 and Gp and 13.9-33.3 and 1.5-3p. Puhrmann stated that one of the most important differences between his Sch. Zachokkei, and Sch. solidus wae the presenee in the former of an cooapt, but Luene (1899a : 717) claimed that this structure was in all probability overlooked by Kiessling. It arises from the Bee Oe Views fu NREL Oe a a ee ee a Bt het aie AG ce tae RN is Fis) Vie a somgtteen svt ify ites Lutinge! att git do pr) aexLFO) wie sti ; pata sa, dollew-aidt eomusd Re wot tal: mathmeantas: th othe TOK ott fires elue Se edt to. den etdagibtt ont? oo tyaibro onan ts noe ke, WO mer thee ae eae toe Ke aaoaart ociigto mo Bt a ae ~ed sage of ot ote delome howet } 2 re sonny Shaoidabeng 9 ; eaotdmen tgon aad, ecb ats anole Dabwore Duh albere 9m adt: to ahuaeteo niddte: sot, #ate: nye oakepe ot Lowes Bs) od sono RL devs. ager heare ££0% + Woes ne Lhodthbge honk gteo ods mie a ero? oF eegzatme UiLeasherts fouth. OnE : | akon wait ko “tam io nedema kb arte (8. “ait) o tstmee eu ceastqootn: det ne > te ve | Metamates ehanante baw Atguet: a¢ vag ot path e008 coy 08) 9 asta ot toot odd ad BeOS doc, new hie Peter wo twotek Dae Hows. etorets ll factrotml team tt. BT | ai satin Dogato, Zemios. off al wened er este eae aD) pesae. Hob ote enweutts eld tadt bomtate UU 4 ewest) esqul esd a edt Gust reetue TI . -attecod® td, een witEdadorg J ) re aretha © 1 + Rin liars Hs 4 % we : 1 .: ; i vey Fr Sey ce tae A b ‘ d,' , : } he 7 aoe ® re - 4 a pale {Ss ra set oy ) ee 4 ay oy Pe 64 posterior aspect of the isthmus almost in the median line with a diameter of from 35 to 40m. The oviduct, acaording to Kiessling haa a diameter of 13po0r to Solowiow of 374; here it was found te be from 25 to 30" between the entranee of the vagina and that of the common viteliine duot, which two points are close together as in L. intestinalis. The common vitelline duet was found enlarged some little distance from its opening into the oviduet to form a vitelline reservoir having a diameter of 30H (23, Kiessling). The vitelline follicles are extremely numerous and closely crowded together in a. layer with a maximum thickness of 85p situated be- tween the inner longitudinel and middle transverse mealies (Fig. 8). They are continuous at the margine of the proglottis, as they are from joint to joint, and broken only in limited elliptical areas above and below the reproductive duots in the median line, as stated by Puhrmann. The size of the individual follicles 4a according to Fieseling 56-107 x 56» and to Solowiow 19 x 27p3 here they were found to be 5887 x 18-26p , the larger Cimensions being the dorsoventral diameters. Just beyond the entrance of the common viteliine duct the oviduet enlarges to form the ootype with a diameter of 1G (20 fh» Kiessling) and surrounded by the shell- gland which is situated just above the median frontal plane and somewhat lateral, Thruout ite course the oviduct ig lined with an epithelium in which prominent nuclet but no diotinet cell boundar- ies were seen and from which numerous cilia protrude into the lumen. In the ootype these cilia are much more noticeable. From the oo- type the oviduct passes ventrally with a few colle then across the ‘median line close sbove the receptaculum seminis aa the beginning a: s at be antl matDem add:atd teomts: eum E wat to routes A: grélvse.’ od gadbrotne «temibvo: ad? - + ‘ot. 36 wont axed san Oe, Bawek gen ip ted <4 ates Bo nated: | iat Tobe 2 vat bats oo 0 Ro det? eral acter od? ‘Le ceguectae: vahymmontod Age of 88 moe . ba Lesidbool aeato bin Sealey tows . Coke ato wnkhisd tes p ae ; 593 reeLars id ese tow eahlia? ty: 2ommoe ent Wig EP Ba | Pat tig Sot ot touthiveedd ots ya tage eth aot cuuthtinhhse . me! Chet toee 2 , WEE) 90D) to wotemeth, @ pce ose a sethg rr babwox Yicasoce Dia euoteaue viewer? Ko ial + stata ited , me Dodast te HES Lo; ‘enero bi £2 ma Baoan ii si tee nee te Bat) se louud gexevedter? efhhim tas. faatud taiset sohich' ® om ee clit es eiifolmexq sd? Yo eaipian oat to: euroastt ei eaors kasi bhattife Setimti at ¥ lao modotd:, theses talot Sineksiel oe ., cet te tbew eat a2 atom ov tuuboxqer okt acm Ba + % 4. st ee = i a gniiconoa pl solo t£for: fevbtytdad ad? toronte isiaie via i a oytadt loved gage: x BL: wo tole o¢ faa eRe FOL-08 y ; i: ) geted ano Eegomld xs gif add. yO8-3E x %a~82 ot ond ae - semmenadc? Ye watentas off haoged hot. .ereteomels Lertagve J rh we diis syytoo adt wx0? oF) cegutite tauhivo .ogt tomb. | +iheis od?. id hofavor sus fie fpadieeets ,4°0%) ee ro. alg: setaox. dah ae veh evods teu, Detsedd le at fot _ ihe G2 Dont! wg tonmhivo adl eeyvoe &t? Iga? a consvakie ahh on tad -ltaloum ‘Promanen¢ dodite al nM | Moasl oft otel siviteny alite evoguma dolds mez) bas 206.108 ~o Off sort oi ove Mem ¢yem dom esa @hits onade onyt o@nd on? O41 ards efiod wots Miiw ylleuwatv aaeney.goubtve » tyed od? o4 efaloee etiwons qtoes add eFoda: suoLlo ; f ¢ ; : ae! A allay Te » ee Le ot ie : - - 4 ‘ cal F PL _- ‘i - fe Te > Wnts ee “" : 65 of the uterue,. The latter gradually enlarges as it passes forward while orossing the median line several times, until at evout the midéle of ite course it haa a diameter of 85 to 135y. As re- gards the terminal portion of the tube the writer found that, as Puhrmann observed: "Der Endtheil der Uterus verengert sich and verieite von der Dorss1flache (the median frontal plane in which the last tronmaverse ooil ig situated) direkt ventral, um regel- Measig abWeohselnd links oder rechts neben der Vagina suszuminden® (vide supra). or Seotions show that the actual opening is formed by the rupture of the bottom of a oup-like invagination of the outicula from the ventral surface, which meets the end of the duct with a Giameter of from 35 to 40¢. Aa Puhrmann stated, "Dieser Aus- fuhrgang der Uterus tet von der Stelle sn, wo er ine Rindenparen- chym tritt, wie die Vagina und der Cirrusbeutel, von szahlreichen- Parenthymmuskein umhdlit und von einer der Korperfoutioula dhnlich- en membran ausgekleidet," but the eutioula wag found aa such only near the opening, since only halfway back elong thie dorsoventral limb of the organ flattened nuolei could be diatinetly seen. In other words the flattened epithelium of the uterus, which showing only «a few soattered nuclei was deacribed by Kiessling as a "fine, structureless but clastic membrane*® passes inacnsibly into the outi cule ngar the opening, no distinot line of junction between the two being discernible, which latter ia also applicable to the similar structure of the vagina. The @imensions of the ellipsoidal eggs in the sotions of the uterus were found to be 62-65 x 33-36~. Kiessling gave them ee ee fe as We i el ~ | —/, a ae ee M4 ea i av a a a i FT vA 4 88 4 Po “2 in §, Mirh b { in hens an , bite , fi ; Ay } Og 8 : - . ;' om STs Sonpey, DL ee BPTLHLAe YEseut ony tet tok om ‘3 Spetta + 4 ‘ at 4*J5.4 / ¥ he Pope: ‘Ss. hs £ { bone " Oo t i. Pil’ a J B*. wails tes eden co Bo lewony “4 _ , ‘ e ; ¥ ) M i OF RA. ap Rd ot AB, Dey wet emeks. 2 vad 22 verte. ot a fo. ang ’ 7 " > * ¥, oy P a \ eer a >, ar Py ‘- ne tod? Degmle tyihtcun net veh eu. Rov sabe ago as? Me : ‘iad ; Es : v y . , Phe ee a a ees Soe x ie ee . ee. | 2 Bfh, é ohh, #7 ‘3 S, at & gxmrh} ¥ et ae Te cart as Tt ho abe v dono: i Ne " " i _ : , " =) : ie 4 . o Sotiy ad. math Aetedtes? ag tihe. xit).4 dodgy Lento, tot Kor: i - >» ay, . LEO MU Losier Soliee Bh Thode ct ez fiao eanevenost, ¥ \ ee Ua cecnmmare, cade Frauke Aan fit iny tobe ntott Ais D 0 ty e "g ; a: bis ae fegtria? af padre f. UGtna . Bae eres ovis nto ORR | Se 4 eLooituo edt 29 no.Ldamn bev at olhMegape Bo. Ron sod eddie i m rte hpagt od ro mt? 82-040 fo brie wor lrus Se oy Bs ay “eh: 7 four LG beg ote PARSER LL rt #i4Gh ot pega ) i m kg ot ~nexngnetadll » ne.to or atte eliee? 788; hd fal carne " ‘a ivi faerliian sy whstgotesms: 22D tek Lau antec? ott abe i et, afew wile Jonge. BLiiy tay ae GOT xe; somhous gov ifaw Oech ees sa 5) Melee, Bout ea dapek mer alan foe odd. sod * tee wow na : > MAB REF ON LOD shad gnoLa> his ek wees oat, ¥lso weade cipmtron ; nt ..a8e9 Yiseqibe lh sq bine tofew-Deostialh Beyro: a SAP OGh id itn . osetia. Toy meeiodt tee dc coeeast eats 1 @ san = «9 = ines , : Sad On: 5 Me ; ac! Pyo ee eee Lofoua fertaps ape Oks ' ae Ay AMR Ghinoonn? eteawt *taerdpenm ettenty dud see lanu 7 aa? goao'rved: molten, te eatt fomtte Mi of «eniteqe ed? tout, e mt vit 02 eliat siggy Onle af cottel dat whit Laxeo@th wate ‘ ae. atgey oft Xe qulapewute! aL 30 esodrs cf ai anye Leltomgiica ed? Yo apotugsa’th ed? oi i WD ovSy geklenohh . 406-O8 x 66-88 av of howe ened " ‘ . 4" ny Ye : . Bi, ty ane ee oat» Pee ey re ae Pi! rs ee nde me ert 5 Ab a an. eee OLR Pee Sh ee Ee iy ‘ ag 49 x 37 and Puhrmann as 70 x 29, but in discussing the latter Luehe (18992 : 718) remarked that not only did he find variations from 38 x 28 to 56 x S8p in the size of the eggs in material of B. Zschokkei sent to him by Fuhrmann, but that in general even greater variations than these are to be found in other species according to the various writers. Our knowledge of the life-history of this species dates . from the time of Abildgaard (1790) who, was mentioned above, was the first to experiment with the larval individuals found in fishes. Creplin (1829) united the two forme which were considered to be two separate species into one species, evidently on the basia of the previous work, especially Abildgaard's (of. Donnadien, 1877f : 340-341), while Donnadiemw in his elaborate experiments on the life history of Liguia unfortunately did not differentiate between it | and Schistocephalus. The development of the fertilized embryo into the encosphere was first studied by Wi llemoes-Suha (1869) and later more in detail by Schawmsland (1835 ; 555), since when nothing of special importance has been added so far ag the writer ig aware. Henee up to the present we know no details of the development of the oncosphere into the larva in the intermediate host, as is the case with most of the bothriocephalids. As regards the identity of the material studied with the Puropean species it will be seen from the above comparisons that, while there are many discrepancies among the data given by Kiess- ling, Fuhrmann and Solowiow, those by the latter departing the farthest in many respects, the resemblances so outweigh the dif- ferences as to make the ereotion of a new species unjustifiable. ae + eR a ODMR abe Wa Th ght a eg ie te ue a + : 5.4 Mens ' ns ag ‘ i, 0 Sede gets sgoe td | at tact <4 we x ox ae sonst baa 488 x ea io 2 Ty y } eae ne my! halt ed £26 yiao tom tad | hodsemon: (OER 2086) edomnt teal Oe uh enge od¢ Je ente. of? m2 wOl x 2m SA x Oe oor? wnodte bua bi Ot teddv Fed yamaadyt ydomtd ot taes setsogege : — Re “ Pay 2 Dneot e@-ot) evs ceeds aedt. snokte ts. ¥ Totserg: move i hi , rg fon oy ehedbee avoRisy edt of satisacca, esto sii a ’ 4 ‘i 4 a M ‘ys » @Ofah eetoeqs atdt to. erat atdaodee ext ro sansateiaibe: . ‘ rf ee eNONE Heao teem eww yee (O8FTL) Prisaad ide Ro it ‘t * storied at Srsro2 alawhtvibet. davtal ed? at bn tavabaecs of . ed od. 1 beteSleneo ai gn ic Edw aarcot owt edt me hh ae , ; $e ateed ead? ao tUtashive ,eolceqs. 690 otat onpoantt 7 Mi : rete qe thcomred-v20) et dtasghl toh Vilatesgee, xo - e24h ead ne avmomliegre etarodale: atd a mettennigaclioh ai th aowwted etndsaoxeit2b fo brb vnc ° ) OYsdme bes hlti-ed edt te Inemoleveh on? sgtihe 2 satel } haw (80% st) adye-nvome li tt i) bottute tenn? enw onesies | ; “patton dw otmts, (822 4 esst) hee ipakodor wet stibnsdila ead ot red tow oddian 102 00. PARDO ased sau conn eoimt: ie Do Wremeolovet ed? Ao oftereh on wont ow dace sig ott 7 od? ghee .feod etaetioam sank ait af avast edd ofmt stedquet Lehi sdaeootrited ed? to —— ace od? d¢iw Se Rbets Lal-otem wet to U0 tengbt ast ebtager of | , ,34d7 tnoe Pegmoo svod« af? mon? pes ed ifke ££ botocqu a a “s8e0lT tc cove atm odd gaom: selocaginpe lh (asm era @ oat | ) ot? gaisiageh terdel ‘ed? Ww oan? (Ho twoLOE bne . | | -ttb otf dpntew ve ev astasitmenss od? etoognss Jae @ | 7 oldest iteatau oeltceqge wea 2 to cottoras od? oiam of | ry, ~ ee x = : : The thickness of the cuticula, the diamter of the excretory vessels, the dimensions of the seminal vesicle, the ovary and the egga, which constitute the majority of the differenoes, might easily be explained by differenoes in age of the material studied, but the number of teates (100) as given by Fuhrmann can searaely be recon- Giled with that as given by the writer (300+), altho his dimen- sions of the organs agree with those given here perhaps better than do those by Kiessling or Solowiow. On the other hand we must bear in mind other facts which doubtless in the long run are more im- portant than a comparison of the details of tha anatomy of this evidently highly variable speoies, namely, the geographical distri- bution of the hosts. Altho we cannot place so much emphais on Fabricius’ finding T. gasterosteg in the type larval host as long agro as 1780 in Greenland, we must remember that here in America there are, a3 in the oase of L. intestinalis not only a number of the same genera but also of the same species of the larval as well aa the adult host as int’furope, 30 that from this alone we would be justified in expecting to find the same species of Schistooephalus, especially since it infests such a number of different host apecics. But, on the other hand, it is a very surprising fact that apart from Linton's report of the larva from Montana evidently no one has up to the present found the form in any of the numerous fish-eatingtirds of the continent. | This evident infrequent occurrence of the species is ilius- trated by the fact that the material used for study by the writer consisted of only fwar lotsa: Nos. Glb and 73 from the body oavities of Uranidea formosa, taken from the stomach of Lota maculosa, and A RY NORM ies MEV Molen tna leas aa cot: |b bap.) si > oes Euten hae bobks Pg ie. ry j -% ; well! ) Geta he rh. ee EN Re a ee eee spl ee: jr ! Pee eS ; Re Se te ae 4 i ue, a TADY> Gyels ae 5 9030 edt) ba # es0¥O ent ate Lentaes. edt ao # eaetnnats } \ a tS bead. tate raksemisethah edt Yo. Y2troten. edt edu ttenon et tad Pgkbute be ti ota: emt, to: ame: ont stonemggt eb wd be ail Bits: ae 09%: od yléprses seo ne-besla ud sevey 6c (oof) setest 20. re ‘ aomth eid off Lx ff N08 ) wine tar odd yd movie. ae tet ye: tong Taal saphien ork MOND onodt dite Songs emepso a eine ear ew bead teite ot a ety 008: i) satovaeat eng eettenon. ie =e ays gach od? wt vecledanb: Mey tite: etoat tod } ett ae weotegs oft. tor af iat sh oad te. Boe dnagmen a sl , 9 ae skate kien fan tdgarygors. edt ule — soe tonde eidedtan chitghd a * “e deechqmo dove 92. soaka toiaes oF onthe cd Bist ; “4 gaokind, teed, havied;: eux? off al dsteogeteag 2 #00 awh. ered, tant: aedmemon. tous: or pbantadeads ON Es ef to. totem & Yine toa, eilogis tg ‘Ro see0 ‘ a y 5 d xt, ec et xelane #82 Jade Toda? os Tumm se-bap “+ ,saodees 26 f Ae 1 ,eelssce usd¥o at oeral edt. te dus od? aor? Tho. dag yiqn Yisemlr¢: hetaommeuns 7ey 842 bug gauocy edt --" guteas Ge = - ta ; -Dbiootenotsigq Lae tag? #&.ad o¢ Sereblirace ad ‘vam f. bet tau olagite Jotdo ort to stateaeo mbtoye eu Aven out [Pe be oe d ; rhe) hy i : oy ld > . { v4 . i wy a ON ie ee F vs ies; ™ + ree a | Se ee ee re 70 anteriorly by a commissure, which is doubtless relatively larger than in other forms on account of the neighboring proboseides to whioh it sends large branches, as in the larvae of Ligula and Sohistocephalus, for instance. Its exeretory system is likewise built on the typical plan, the posterior connections with the ex- terior being, in fact, quite like those of B. scorpii. On the other hand, it can be seen from the description of the development siven below that the terminations of the nervious and excretory system in thesecondary strobila, both anterior and posterior, support the view that the latter is not homologous with the strobila of other bothriocephalids. For what was formerly described as the ring Comissure must now be considered as merely a secondary development due to the fusion of the severed ends of the chief strands, which statement is also applicable to the terminal vesiole of the excore- tory system. And thie in spite of the fact that the secondary soolex is quite similar to the true sacolex of other apecies in that it ia supplied with twogeete of muscles which are not found in the foremost segments but are peculiar to the soolex. Sinoe there is eonsiderable evidenoe in the literture of cestodes to show that the prominent posterior borders of the foremost segments of many species are developed as accessory orzans of attachment or for. locomotion (of. Spengel, 1905 : 261), we might woll ask ourselves whether external segmentation in Haplobothrium, particularly since it 18 confined to the anterior region of the secondary strobila, ie palingenetic or coenogenetio in ite nature. The facts that no suoh appendages are present in the primary strobila and that the posterior end of the secondary one is non-segmented apart from dt ROM AE. vier italey ose lidwok, gay vie te. > owes tion ane ot eobtenodong. Ratiodids tem ot 2e trimaonn a2 \omno> op a ine hone te. eavial oft gh ee .weidadrs swinnte ahi ce lveall wh meteya yrotezemmiaet. « *oAadO Ot 50 4 dene —na@89? &3i0 sit ito saae0 ROkpad pO” ose he ly Laake " gedto git a0, dtazo0e 4g 20) Oehet ote often ook at zate 108 Sartbey taoeye Seve oh edt te: wobhatr6-s oy otis mer’ Reve: of oe ey aeteya yxototoxe Ens wire Lene cs: a w snoktaginzed ad ani? Sa6qowe sHOLTOtEOG: haw Rods 1 thee sto yostdorts. Teak esito. to elidoute aft daw. ovopslomod ton et wotek 2-8 gate edt, Be bed irouob igty om Se Bs tnd oF ewe | «Seetgeferan wrahecsns & lercn oa berabtrnog ed wor ; ) : daddy shasta, Robie. ed to shave bexevea edt Yo ao2est Ne . ~es0xe eds te atazaoy, kiatecet od? oF ohs6a0 tTegye 00.Co wi ; ; oetahaon on, oat fet teat edt: Yo .oFf¢Gq: ma OR beck il “ heae: ai sainege. reat he: zoloes wit end ot xehémter orn & edt at Dagot Por, ener de btw: pe tees to. eeosport tte . Pho Bend? sont te fone od? oF. TetLise eq ere tad ee tad? wore o# eedetpes Lo otutqet tt. ade ahi saddhiviiia i SH TO eFMestges teometak efit Xe. erebtod: sOdvospog, 0 to) 1¢ teemdeati2 lo eceree. ‘eennsialibanget Aaaiteniibies Bins a; acy Len feo Lfow tdpe omy ({B&. 4. aes Sogaoee. shall ‘ coals yiralsott tig gmpes AMedolgr cf aodsarnamyee: oan Aiidots ¥ bacows: ft he Rokget roeltvetre ef? of bagi | 3 Om Sa07 St0M3 scT ocean wht ot etteannpoceon so ebtenens ; ed? fed3 koe alldorte qrankor one ak ¢(meeotg ete b rpedangy fe orl Fiaqu hotmoomes-gos wt ome nani ome le hae: to : Me Le Myre. | ain at a Rs oh he TS ee ae oP) coms AE \ Peek. bu 71 the sets of reproductive organs, would seem to point to the @tteinal condition being one in which external segmentation was absent as in Ligula or Eriaensphorus. Sineec, however, in the middle region of the aecondeary strobila there is an actual corres- pondance between the external and the internal segments, it is quite probable that the external segmentation is much older than might at first appear, while the liguiate condition of the poster- ior end may have developed secondarily. Andfre must remember, too, in this conneotion that, according to Luehe (1898 : 285) Li- guia hes descended from fully segmented both riooephalids. : Aa regards the remaining oharacters of the subfamily the writer met with not a few diffioultiss on account of the fact that wp to the present there is only one genus and one specica known. Those given are consequently baeed on & comparison of the spe scies t the neighboring subfamilies and in partiquiat with the Diphyl- lobothriinse to which it is most closely related. [It Giffers from the Diphyllobothriinae, however, in that the genital organs are osmrie in each proglottis; the viteiiine follicles are medullary; the test are within the nerve trunks; the seminaltvesi cle ia not atrongly muscular; the cirrus is armed with minute spines; the receptaculum seminis ig medium sized; while the uterus is divided into uterine duct and uterus-sac 26 in the Ptychobothriidae. eds of tnhog of gaca y thom 4 hetne emteoutos yo te ots eav aohbotae mee Lawsetoe de. ty we esta pate ott thee | 4 “og? at , DEFER 5 Gees ER em SeU SS y 10 stemes et oe ~serieg festee ma ot evsde.4 st hite Cie chat * Piyio sonaen a ek 04 yotmeakon ia runtact ae! < eapnadgs edt oLntod « eg wehdlg tow ak Todt ctanamen Lombohnn of, tad °. g. oon = “LSFROY O82 Lo. Ose el 00 etary ts 3 nLtiie yeenge, rod alate > x a, ad oerciana os Semen vaqbat ; yiebbe: 10088 Deqateret, ond ¥ r si F al '* ents: e nb (ag8 1 ReBLy sab sint oy: pRB co a teat one i Oh L Loni iqeoots sot Bstacncoe vt Liat most betave ob ov cs ae XK ve E : ne he hae 14 ei Dy: aecmaaald vals te. on etaret: camera eds aa me tad tos? ast? Yo -taues oe cy feet: ofthe nod « & 90g: Ativ # Pea! a seoven aotosae ono das se me ving ok exbatt tare: ( | i on ne oa ons to ahi 7 AGRO 4 Be beoad: Utzeurs “ean ota. BN j aie Sedgic nade te ‘talyo ita ab bes os 2 dashdie pabuoseg tha most aaeinae dt boteLor viene so. som ef 2, dota ode ) i ie ia aeegTe Lat taey edt saat ai ov oNgid sseatanstotest aimabtatos oud ephottion, emtazes t v ad? Wtrponione: tone 8 A , ton, be: pioipes pone. od? iwitews ‘evar a " abt be ote ; ; +h by a . uit rene ye oS uan tps, oe hy Dan ot bess x20 ant jralvoamm ‘ 7 ‘ i 2 y les i \ pee 4 J > - é mn a ‘ae + heiSysh ob wamreie sir efddw bee de oust low at ciataos - 2 ‘ dik Sc cli Tae . . a. SizAeedono ys 7 sit ah we onDse mete bas: fou we on” , “a P - ’ ; : “i ds m a! . ; ¥ - ’ Wi ay Ay q . ve) ts 4 adv ow 73 Genus l. Haplobothrium Cooper 1914 e.p. Haplobothrium Cooper 1914b : 1-8 Haplobothrium Cooper 1914b : 115 Borders of the terminal diso of the secondary scolex and of the posterior auricular appendages of both the scolex and anterior segments provided with minute spines which disappesr with the appendaces farther back. Nervous system consists of two chief strands situated in the medullary parenchyma outside of the vitel- line follicles, uniting inthe anterior end of the secondary strobila to form & secondary nerve ring, and eight collateral strands, four arranged sround each main tract, the latter in the jointed portion of the strobila only, but in the true scolex to form an irregular transverse commissure situated among the proboscides. Exeretory system composed of one large median and slightly dorsal vessel and two smaller lateral and ventral, all uniting in the secondary scolex behind the nerve ring to form a vesicle. No genital cloaca, opening of vagina close behind that of cirrus, towards the anterior end of the proglottis, that of the uterus sane farther back. Sphincter vaginae present. Vitelline glands in numerous follicles arranged cylinirically around the testes, both continuous from joint to joint, leaving clear areas opposite the central genital duotsa; large vitelline reservoir. Vas deferens provided with a sperm-reservoir at its posterior end near the middle of the proglottis; whole course of the duct dorsal to the uterus-sac. Uterus-sac when gra- vid occupies the whole of the middle of the proglottis. Type species: H. globuliforme Cooper 4-8 BERL aeqo0 “mutesdodeteatt ‘Sek ss vey seed au 4 dd £34 bas xn loos xAhwenoe oat 20 on fe tantexed net ‘to robes pos xoLooe ods dts 12 eophtaeqee teLuo rind rotieseoy aif détbe Ge ito oe ree bb ‘do daw 85a: A a: ee dt tn bedivers ttuvmgee 2 x01 : tside ory to arekenoo aw ho ol wool on = tat eonebasa shot he adt to Hhitod cro. Hsgiane te Veelinbow, outs at betauth a8 | aiidarta eiabaces ats ‘Yo tne solzetas ‘estat hale tow aot Anh hot haute. fa vesattoo tigte ahs Batt ortea Yralaooee @ “mo ttsett beter tot aft at veteal edt seit tem Howe be Da oe a selugpans ns wee of XERO0e oust ‘ostt at ted etme ‘alk | > wrafetoat -wobtongiosg one goons potent te. exoentnace 4 has Laceoy Leaxeb vitie hte Dos nekben Menal: eno to 2 xeLone Wrebaone ol? nd ‘gabt ine Lie daitaey bus heise Be kaege abaole Letsnes ot | eo tuey eumnol ot ants ovres to fae. xotr0dus ody ebrawor vari te te tae Panded cnet wwibiatace dowd wage aad, oni earentis oa Yo sade alt e bo gaara eolotifo® sroreiusn at ehinedy etki Lot et ee Z CEPR] Bost evonnt? noo ited. sesteot oft havote yLh “s egtel (Rtdub Lagines Latiaep ext 8& Leoyge eeeye 129Le -y . thovicret-mrege a d?iv bebtyore erex02ab wey | TLovreeer 4 eiody se bh@eLpoty at’ Yo with ta ode: toon one sabrete “SiR mide oce-eyrett .oet-nrzety edt (Of fetvet. tomb ent v0 aRisolposy ed’. to orbbem seth to wlode off setae a seqooD earo? iodets, si pieces ith! - 73 The ohsaractere here given are in reality those of major importance in the speolies left after what are considered by the writer to be subfamily characters are removed. The difficulties in defining the genus are great owing to the facts that it stands alone in the subfamily, contains only one species and is, further- more, 6@ aberrant in many respects. Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper 1914. 1914 Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper 19l4a : 3 1914 BHaplobothrium globuliforue Cooper 1914b : 115. . Specifio diagnosis: With the characters of the genus. Small worms, primary stroblla up to 70mm. in length, secondary to 110mm., with respective nakiaen breadths of 0.3 and 0.6mm, Primary socolex 0.35mm. in diameter, indefinite in length, bulbs 0.40-0.45 x 0.06 x 0.07mm.; secondary scolex, 0.4-~9.5 x 0.35-0.4mm. Bart cular appendages disappear at about the 25th segment in normal ddoondary strobilae. Foremost secondary segments tetragonal, midile and posterior much elongated and considerably depressed. ; Cutioula 3-4y in thickness, subcutioula 25p + Chief nerve strands 18,” in diameter, narrowing intersegmentally, Ter- minal exoretory vesicle 20-40 » in diameter. i Genital organs begin at about the 15th proglottis. Open- inge of cirrus and vagina 0.02-0.07mm. apart. Testes spherical to ellipsoidal in atare, 70-115" in maximum length; 80 in eaoh segment. Vas deferens median, viens ted, only slightly ocolled, 10-55, in diameter. Veaicula seminalis broadly spindle-shaped, 140 x 90M. Cirrus 30-30 in diameter; * t ¥ Pg 4 by cal L0 oeodt 1 ae thane: a. xa aeves ee eruvemnade oe oa ; ost yo benehier or siz Seite te ?%e phat oc s0nge aa gi eoncite s Lr a i N séditontrdin oef ite vote ete: oxstocnade: atinetcun od of x88 elaete tf saad adoat ae of ga tro toeny..o7e Song ody onintte r Teddi? 02 Mes goles ge pn 1Ae0 calatace at (iteeidue mt at 20d fosqase Yiew ant auees St $461 oqood sata 5 mebaaeasadaed se LOL 2 S30 50 > Fs ~~ ALL: SPICE x0qQ00 gens? y' ie oe of ton : e. va oe we neoee ddgaat nt ae of gt at idoate, vrsbtee gf /: 808.0 es 8.0 ‘Yotndt decd mumixas atitongers am aT ae | sid as. eres ¢ ) eastoeedc odd aaee | odin ftps rs ae ebtametok .Tedomath al mel +0; xo na OMS.0 x x 2: Oh. yaeloes Yxshavoes iamutOs ° #00, 028 Lewes: ot tasenes athe dt tuode $4 te acho: couatacera : ‘* jeaagzerd of etaempes Yxmbmocees Seomexo® » sanchoxte Xe thao ved viderebtenon bas “petepe ole outs ated c Thao ie also liupdya’ ,ee sada tit ‘at Hk ale “ot etile saa perstas netwoazten , 19% tome tb. at abl px 4 | ° oath al 4 0} O68 olotesy yrot es r xe By ~ne 40. ‘es Sober laos tvods 84 atyed nHw Y= tstined 3 - +< ee Ee « ¢ » 0-60 a ap tye bets agit » .' ‘- al 4 BLieDd?e .ogede, nl fabsoogiife of Law trodge eoteet | ae aan -aqa0gfe ,aetbem eacretab 2a¥ +@aempges do al 68 idtsaet @a Ln Late; 4 lie taay «tad emukd at Hhe-O4 4, a>" iI loo wtdatte 5 , {rotewadh a | 06406 guteeo 408 4 “ie «heqade 0Lbatgy é s ’ er Oa : _ tame ees PE a? ‘. iO : / 74 cirrus-sac, 0.16-0.31 x 0.14-0.16 x 0.18-0.20mm. Vagina 30-30 in diameter at ita opening, 56p in ite enlarged diatal portion. Receptaculum seminis 30-45 in diameter, apermiduct 5-10 and very musoular. Ovary hipperepigorm, the limbs being direoted posteriorly and often fused with each other, the isthmus narrow. Ova from latter 10+12 » in diameter, their nucleu, 7p. Oocapt 15 to 25m in diameter, oviduct &15p. Two Vitelline duots, each Gm in diameter; vitelline reservoir 25 to 55 ; follicles spherical By ellipsoidal in shape 8-50 in diame~ ter, very numerous and olosely crowded. Ootype 20m in diameter; shell-gland irregular in shape, poorly developed. Uterine duct enlarged proximally with few coils, smaller distally and more colled, median, 25 to 55» in diameter; uterus-aae elongated, filling most of the medulla when granid; uterus opening a small median elongated slit, ok tented near the posterior end of the sac. Fees, 60-70 x 40-43p . . ¢ it Habitat: In the intestine of the host. Host . Locality Colleotor Authority Amia _calva § Go-Home Bay Cooper Cooper, 1914b : Sl (type host) Muskoka, Ontario " " Havana, Illinoia oH. B. Ward Cooper | | (the present paper) * * Fairport, Iowa » . Type specimen: No. 33.1 in the writer's collection. Co-types : Nos. 3343 and 33.3 of the same, and in the Coll, Univ. Ill. «GOS. OWE LO. x, OL Omdh Deze of onbtsb i 40 Oth. at. A488, cpeknewe att sa -nobemeth a2 4 08-08 ad tetomeki gd ag BB -02 plalges sw Laomtneet 5 «4 no 28 00Q kate th 2 esti Mriolhbee vos 9 ted ¢EeWO ») eseLyoniues, igeey bat yg OL’ st4aeG Ashe: Bie bheowt net bq ane, ¢lragreteog intoortt 5 sisd? retoms fs ad oy BL~OL Rati at mon’ ard}. .mOTRad ort. + gh Eae towhive jredouskt mt 428; 08 aL #0000 ‘i . a ad 36 ddagkenet onli fed 2 iredeaalll at 4d. ‘dobs ‘\otowt 4 ~emeth in: AOG-8 sqnde nk Sabin: Bt fo trode Bebe ised emath, ne: a Sqyhgo.,. hehroxe _qhoseto kane, evor tou? qattosy, ebeqngbeed sooq ,ogada at. aagegenth: rom br vibatath Bolions .eltoo wet. sit be “ie . " “{hotepacle ban-optess creamed o 488 ot. ag. «8 atbes ' theese ® palnege auyesy ibtaexg pode aL Lubes eat 20 4 i000 edt 3 to bas ro tno oor one, 1604 besten fn tite t ; e. ae teod:2dd 20 eatsastat: od! at sas del > Cop LA. i." brocduh . ‘eticlion ky? Fae G2 4 GMOL ytaqoc> 22q000 | We ewe ‘2 es ) ; elratad ,etotewt (te re bia .@ He. . goaeesr naval). * 4 e awol otzoqt tet, Hoktoei Loo a eepixe eft af 1.20 on Laemsoegy ¢ ai bee ,eme sd# fe 6,00 hoe CUEC’ ent 3 soett 0 -S1T .wled . tLe oat i | ‘i. me ( requq Save ong oa) 75 In a preliminary paper on the systematic pesition of this apeoies the writer (1914 1 1) desoribed the soolex as " ... un- armed, although the edges of the terminal diso and auricular appen- dages of both soolex and anterior proglottides are gedwided with very minute spines, Bothria, two shallow depressions on the dorsal and ventral surfaces, very simple in structure," and in the detailed deseription which followed (19140) the organ waa dealt with (p. 83) aa follows: "The soolex is quite small, simple éxter- mally and with the unaided eye oan soareely be distinguished from the firet joints. It is shaped roughly like s reotangular solid, hollowed out laterally to form simple depressions and dorsoven- trally the shallow bothria or organ of attachment. The summit is — somewhat prolonged as a low pyramidally-shaped dise, quite com- parable to that ("Soheitelplatte") found in the members of the gubfamily Priaenophominae Luehe 1899 ... The opposite end of the seolex ie modified to form two pairs of aurioular appendages closely resembling internally as vell aa externally those of the foremost joints." Furthermore in both papere it was emphasized that the seolex differs little in structure spart from the nervous and exeretory aysateme from the first segments and that the simple dvothria, whence the generic name, seom of little functional imror- tanoe as compared to those of other species, while the uri cular appendages of both scolex and foremost joints with their borders of minute outioular spines probably act as accessory organs of attach- ment. Sinee then the latter view hae been rendered still more highly probable, altho as yet no observations have been made on ma N AB on™ dR oOOW oct hateaaieeh! tiie MeL) votre itd a “ROG Ge Take Lume Beth fog Met oat ‘$6 eeyde At sowie | d8te bob Sete ome tehittel gory saLretim his: okt Soe ated: Leotols oat ae wine fb 2% gob ‘WoL Late to wettss Of wEREL 0 : Be ‘oat nh Sos-* ewxetertd ah fame ‘quep poeta on $ feted BOF'ZIQWO vis (ances) benghiot Hota EE ~tatte ol pete: pi hemes ot amy as x9 f06m are sevoLcehne ne: | tox "Pe ode irs hoes od gheor-oe cee ‘rye. tetany oabcd sbisive ‘eALEyEIDO® a hoe Tidy: be gadis at bathed atlovoerer fae. Bao emote olqte mp ot ecpnetatis Perr ere od? ARENT» Shenae se SABI AEE te #0" oe Lup ELE Roqacs -ylLotamenyq, os & ebb ets te exces edtnl tavet (evans sag 2 er eae 39 hae otteaqio off 9... OCR sdmit eamttadigcon: | eosebaeres xe Lup dame 2B, wxlay eva as be | et ‘Lo onoltt Wteareree eS el Uleretat gael be ail * alle eae cam PS eregeg dod at woomsdtam: fat eyavenn ede worl tage Died Crete at este ts =e elgate off tit ine etaomgve Sexlt ott coxd amerere: “smote: Lopottomy 964920. Yo Whee dia ote eat 8 2 en bee tare ent SLRs (eebd oem hiatal Ro some o¢ sbecaquee "ie to rxcbtod Midd Ad te adnate t teomennt tar xeLoon dtod xe ons insti» to onus Peoeeoa ve Far vidaders Pree “ho ) a , io “n pe " +. btom ‘tite bexebies aowd eat wmoly egal inl ae | no obim apo¢ svad vaoktaripade on i | es" bs “8 “4 a PRT aye ae ee Cae ites ; 76 the living worms in their relation to the wall of the host's intes- tine, by the discovery that the so-o2lled seolex (Pica. 13 and 14) is not tn reality the soolex but only a slightly modified anterior segnent, while the funotional scolex is something quite different | from anything present in the whole order, so far as the writer is aware: As shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 13, the scolex consists of the alightly enlarged anterior end of the original plerocercoid or larva from which protrude four probosoides, the whole somewhat resembling ® hydra or reminding one of the Zrypanorhynoha. And, a3 will be presently seen, the latter comparison is a very apt one. Pach proboscis consists of a permanently protruded base or atump , indioated in Fig. 11, about 35p in iangths and 45-55, in diameter, somewhat conical in shape and thickly set vith minute backwardly direoted cuticular spines which pass on to the neighboring portions of the end of the larva for a short distinee, thru which passes the proboscis proper with about the same diameter. The whole forms at first sight a continuous tentacle gradualiy diminishing in sine to the pointed end. These tentacles attain a length of 0.35mm., in- cluding the base, when fully evaginated and are dircoted almost at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the larva, their Wea being however, turned slizhtly forward (Fig. 11). Within the scolex the tentacles are accommodated in elongated oylindrical muscular saos, quite comparable in structure to the bulbs of the Trypanorhynoha. These lie freely in the loose parenchymatous tissue in the diagonal diameters of the region. When the probogoides are invaginated, they have a length of 0.45mm. with a diameter of 0.07, or 0.40 x > égeta® »'trod. add to. Lifer FA OP aetna. Seliiber vst rs te gin) ® 4 re 2 1L5. OF Bee 3 ie At onoe. ef Re long € denctom, ae: shan ef TeX doe od ti Be? Om, eels a8 Lod. esta ai doqnens. sate “edt Tiatebecon aos oe ff baa) tf 02 get at made ss 3 0 Dieesenertele Lagts tra. ode te bane tomenas dears tedw ame ¢ elode vs uted t sonata Bs C bal, _ yadoate Lone wxi12. edt. 39) a0 gatic amet RO ora em $38. tev *, 2 £00 Lange peta, mat, eee, UA enooag = ‘qaulge ‘te ened seater clemsqmwene 4 é ah RR RO: rena ond ie sae. be. ee eitaudeng qooty Santbwt yack mara elds Seewng? rected @kCisensé¢ yYwdt20 sue tte ed) 2 Sato, babs ik " haw Kehats edd te Lovet ade t. Etine yeite toe ‘twdeud 4 dt acdta: ‘teat att ota ea7dlt pare 24? To we}, eothnae 298 toyetl heaqeon ‘ s Demsol eed subtee sutue gat ein: | a 7. eoned’ Bax). enrder. 14 Lu8 tg ‘Can tiot agnor: ad it ¢ | 2 ¥e ‘mode aor? bataraqes tui feleua Odio Lerindut on ‘W-qitrod? of ‘ceuntinos 224? eh halle it cu 2. nm guted.caloeus Ldnlinkssact tone gals leaot_ad? lovee " od ‘Se -ersdamet® [o7tnoventod Sree sexevens t ad? do shee: ede | Pa ei‘ ifaw qbod sd? ‘edited obit fe solsor a&.« @ -.6 80 al @dlod ed? etre ines U3 LL adudout, Ele af baer (sakwouae § “Noisy 642 Yorelogy: ot? wo feos qn@e qs syste odd edt Mieaaed taytt bed adil odP\MaMeeOR. . mage ual S09 sce Weuts® Lard igue fae ORM eeTt we diseeeso eel iguavosy ed? Be oqute est a5? )20 sered adit) stesaed.seuy | talootiuc fantous bycod odd 42 be mbdau ostceun Ieatiut rn08 Gi A ire — ee te, “ pale 79 fibres in formm, ~~-shaped loops surrounding the diagonal quadrants of the scolex which accommodate the bulbs. These loops are evi- dently for the control of the direction of the proboscis stumps. In working up the original description of this species the writer was at a loss to see how the formation of proglottides could take place continuously since there was considerable evidence to show that only a limited and more or less definite number of segments were present. Concerning the anterior and externally segmented region of the strobila he said: "In many chains this region of the atrovila isa subject to considerable variation. It was observed that now and then one of the longest proglottides was provided with one or two additional pairs of appendages, generally abortine and situated anteriorly some distance apart. In a few oases staining and clearing brought out a distinct divi- gion of the parenchyma, especially posteriorly, in to what seems to be the beginnings of a division of the longer progloétis into several smaller ones. Furthermore in one strobila an undivided region was intercalated between two jointed regions, the second of which was followed by the normal posterior end. Young scolices are shown in Figs. 5 and 6. (In this connection note evidence given below under the exeretory system that the latter are incom- plete). Although the foregoing facts point to possibly occasional augmentation in the number of proglottides in this region in adult worms, the usual appearances are as described below." And further it wae noted that not only do the aurioular appendages of the posterior ends of the proglottides disappear at about the same place, namely at about the 23rd or 24th segment, but that "there is etasihnop senogeth ott aa ldavonige afoot boceders gage at 0s - r ‘ 3 7f¥S-8x6 gqo0l seadT .ediod eds 92 eSoomonne dotaw ‘xefooe oat eT + © (Gime iowoderq od? to, sottoensh. edd to Loxtmoe ot i be a ib bdt eoicage wéit to antiqizcaeh Lantptzo. sate qui anstzon at UWL Taupo, > ta bolt amnet od? wod ese oF aos ei ta oan eouebive oldenes ten OD athe ound. conte YLeuouwnse me sete: a te: ‘toedaum «? tastes eeel 26 e2om. baw bettanl £ xiao 068 ‘Pilamstas Onbse setxetne oa! paiaxsoadd) rtaoearg 9 va ‘i eld? aalaco.yaam at". thide ed. af tdorte wait Yo aodaen ae: He fo kta faey sidéiebteaoo of teefdue: at Bi tderte ont 7 aebitrolyoxd Se vgnos ett Lo eno. aadt aa sa al ne > aSenebaeggn 0 athe Leno ttebbe eek x0 ong ao twik pe tage oomedu Lh emos yYLic itetas beseut ia unaaitesete | ~ tv kb. touhtare & tua tdguesd ‘Balnsele bas - nakatete ae | anopa dain ot ak «Rizosxeteoq Viletooges camulonetad ¢ otat a tehatporg tagnod edt to eee bebivtbaw aa alidorte sao mf ssomedtugt Lf: Bs ‘te Lapp ac ad? enodgos hetaiog ont aeeeted OMG. - Craiians aqeeY,. .fao rstretaom Lowranx ed? .yd bevosior te ebaebive etda aolteonacy tat at) 18 Ans & 5egtt mee wo “GOON SEH TPHPaL od? tadé motege yrotorsse edt tobe 7s | Leto faadaa ¥istecng Of @atog efoat aatosetot ent dyuostd LA a ar ° tighs ot aodgas elt? mt sehittolpenq to redmya" out at aot sods zert bok *,wolod bedisosel. sa ens, weoaasengas: sony ods ed? lo aepebaogge salvo thue ede oh yine toa teat efide of? tuode ts 1aaqeao 2h eoblttoLgorq ea? %o sen: ef etens" tadl tad ,tneagou dts xo B08 odd toda te, vs ; oe -_ a * >) a — ; ri? d ~~, a more or less definite point in the strobila, at or about the iSth progliottis, ahead of which the genital organs do not seem to develop and behind which in older strobilas they appear very guickiy.* Both of these facts pointed in the opinion of the writer to a more or leas definite and predetermined nukber of seg- dente. Now the matter is cleared up considerably by the discovery that segmentation in this species is carried on after an entirely novel plan, involving the formation not only of new segments but whole chains of them or, in fact, strobilas from the original larval or primary strobila, as the writer will oall it. The original larva (Fig. 10), quite comparable to the bothriocephalid plerocercoid, excepting for the perouliar scolex, gradually elongates with growth, until between a length of 4 and Smm . the first traces of segmentation apresr in the hinder ends of cleared specimens as feeble aggregations of nuclei forming faint dark lines at regular intervals. In one specimen 4.8mm. in length five of these could be made out by close scrutiny, the second last of whichiwas 0.37mm. in length by 0.20 in diameter, the last one being slightly lérger and rounded posteriorly. These primary segments elongate with the growth of the strobila while the constriotions between them gradually deepen as their anterior @nd posterior ends enlarge slightly, the former relatively faster ‘than the latter, when a total length of strobila of about 10mm, is reached the hindermost segment, itself now about 1.5mm. in length, begins to show faint transverse lines in its anterior end, decreasing in intensity from ahead backwards. These are the earliest traces of the divisions of the primary segments into the eds tune: 16 te. sehtdorte ait? at raloq ot tatteb: sevi-t0's 9? weer toa ob enagro Lot tne, oat do tax de Lande sstttatgora oqTey tseqga yout eal sdorto whl aibisio Le batiod bas woe Tedd..20 Mobatan. ot sak bovgiag toa}. apod: Restos xia aj ~goo to st octuagys ban karvnd ebony ert ed tates oust 20 e10m # oF: Pee +) Weve Lh aut - gc videos teroo er besasip ws sbi yi ad OR) Vier tdae as % ate m0 beter ef stoeae alag wt aottata tod stovayes wea 20 ying ton aodtperro?, odlt waprtewat oe Santgizo ont mont aalidorte toa om hd aid ‘ ee: #2 Lkeo- Aike ted tes pat ea ei tdonde remiza.t a arr ‘ot okdsre ian ot bop: , (Ox -att) avaas, ianrgtro. 9 at yualbte a: a bGrogeg ods oda ot aad qeaxe \bhooveooreda bed e . . baa + te dé gave: 4: avowsos Litay sdtworg, athe setepaots ite abno rede bd edt at nanoeur ao td.of comes te cent text take grime? tefoua 6 eaotteyeryae eldest ean ak «208 aemiogge sao a vekerretot sakager a sat ve ttar90 sole we tap oham ed i vagpteiedy ro. 2 pers ened ome th m2.06:0 ¥d ipaet at ome «0 ceniio Ld to teat 96 aa? teralreteog hebavox fos Routes vitagtle sated. ea eltdry. alidosts ode to, a7 09tg | ods ao be otapaole asacagen “ok oh ‘ te a _s “hap to * 45 ae A: ye r i tToltetqe dest ae ane ses Xiéuubexy wed? averted emostoty sedont elovitale: x: mre) od? etitdglle egtelpe shoe. wat tyoda' te elidotts Yo dtynol farot « oat sabia at .amst. tudde von tiesdt ay ey , . ad ous cote vensst ea vi Lestoe amedoaetag edt st ana Fe + a pike aottesape ont axot Yidawaers. Lae. tte (sr. a8) toon iv oe oty th vOTuyes wit » EVORG Be Usacnatxe poe Bae. wesnalinegya edt aviv noliosanes ot sonebive: 303 Moreen pe pss ceo. A= ; ps i staagee 10 jedan ottaltes et oreds fon 10 poten t4 sont Syluayl rae ody ee Vo | Bit eoses ‘et tedtuw? two tdquerd ., beatdao fettasg one & BY, ih ne : be eat iddrte ymvoy Leaxoves we hetavroo aw dma ’ a eat, tit by sitdorte eramhtg ad? mod sa tl Puy 1edbakpeqe | ‘teoteet ws023 19 ‘wea ad ab cetones % ul (&)) ; 29 G8 sme (a) qe setaeagen ‘to sediye we! 3%. 7 ale os tran eit, ak: Bs ogee snes. ‘e5n0 robroteag:adt) 08, P sodh tint? ateb seadt aor? aoee. bkuow a etmomgoe am “ hee ed 3 ag.tm fi Law cotaonges “Yo rods ottalteb east, 2 oR % ; et baa. OE ye, etacmyee F : ob a tu8. Oe tuoda ag of 4 q per: te tact t¢. separ? teotire ott wodin fous remote A spaots es trod dt. ons Si andl aS oe stgemgee § has O% mt octie i ; ‘ ao bina tad, wots tv thdire te. eogatt ‘cot hate xino fou” octal visicwce To nodts mst 2 Oaan odd 8! adpete Utes a ; eth at widows — mdr ef? tak ewodas Ded sroosbste pat | aK tidoses. sito gf etaexyen Lodagaois tal sath hat aad o6 (yAtoluctacg to heotent selihim . j i : iy a | Li » ee | p fi t) r ' = ay | ' ee > 7 os nN i 9 | (vide supra), and the presence in material of chains showing anteriorly very young segments similar to those fomacd in the oldest attached secondary strobilas but posteriorly much oldar segments with well developed auricles and farther baok the typical mature proglottides of the ordinary strobila. Conse jyuently we must consider that there is not a definite number of segmenta formed but that further, irregular and evidently indefinite sub- division, resulting. in the formation of on inconstant number, takea place chiefly in the middle portion of the anterior segmen- ted region of what now muet be oslled the secondary strobila, Ag to where all of this development takes place the writer has not come to any definite conglusions, knowing as yet practically nothing of the life-history of the species, for, altho all stages may be found in the intestines of Amia galva, gome of it may take place in the intermediate host. In a few cas- €3 primary strobilas showing three or more well developed secondary strobilas were found tightly coiled and surrounded by material Whioh may have been from the intermediate host, whatever that is. At any rete it wes of too firm a consisteney to be merely coagulated mucQusa from the host's intestine. On therother hand, this method of segmentation will now explain some facts in conneotion with the nervous sndeexoretory systema that were previously considered very unique,to say the least. In primary strobilas, even the youngest (Fig. 10) the exoretory system consists, as in the adult, of a larger median vessel and two lateral vessels which run backward and white in i . ‘ ; t 4 “patra eatate’ he cetsetan’ st conoe tg ‘edt haa Ca pas Gt Seon ot swiod? of wat tinge! sinsages pnioy yrow'd tetto doar yktotteteod do eelidoxes ‘qrebmotien bedeatt Leo rage edt oad te disa% ban ‘eelotans: ‘beqaloveh! flow a3 eb . ow: {Xisaowpoese 2£2eorte TraMthro edt Yo nal ny i hayes Lo: 7c echeciy. attatin’ a gon at onodtp te ‘ “ibis ot Lott abing vitaebive hae tefergottt*: sodtuaio tad Vievins: dintemovnt me 26. Sok aeay edt! at enghsonen i aside rottodas ont YO: metdiog' ethane out: nse titekto. Saracont Yrahnoose ett beLlee ed teum wos nn 20-0 Site ste rig’ sexht tmompodeved wie: to: fife ‘ovodw of ae ee gitwonk. peut tevlence e¢talteb vite ot anos will ai ; yrOr eatesrn: ‘24? to viore ido? 2s at oe ‘aaiatom yx a peseccs ates to eonttestat odd ak. havo" od ya: cen te il “0.89 «et at Steud etothents¢nt odd ai only etet ts 2a! granbebba hegelarek fLew stom 10 oerdd ‘pitveds ealid streran XO Dobuwotrie fits beitoo yitdy te hawot: or ) 768 fed? reveteae (dood sts hdesiotae pdt most good! : om betalggaor sad od ot yomee tion 2 Pass oot Yo thy be a '. entteetal «'teet adta wes Lee dio.2 7 at romgen to’ teydiom @ htt baad reitareut a za | qtotetozvehne evdvred add dir cotsonnmes af: otosd. omoe be N 5 0 ‘ rat) s 4 ‘i. eee er q c/—__ * vi ’ ts ¢ . | a ax oe oy he es it . ‘_ A 4 * ' A } ‘4 7 a i ”~ 1 “4 ¥ ‘A ; J q - ) Mee a \ . n - f ¢ ont vee of ,etplayv ¥xev Bershisaco: eLevolverq/erew i edd (OL sal) teopetey edt move eoktdorte qromtsy a galden regtal « to 4ofuhe od? at ee cote tetiog asheye ¥ at ottas tae trowdoad mr dotdw efessoy Letetes ove a She posterior end to form a sleume from which very many small Yeasels pass to the exterior by prominent foramina secondaria pieroing the outioula, muoh as desoribed by Fraipont (1881 ; il, Fig. 7, Pl. II) for Bothriocephaius scorpii. In the youngest larva, that shown in Fig. 10, only the median vesgel, which be- gomes greatly reduced in diameter about twice the length of the bulbs from the anterior end, is present in the scolex. It forms a simple plexus among the bulbs anteriorly. In primary strobilas, however, in which segmentation haa gotten well under way, ali three vessels are guite prominent even in good toto preparations, and pass close to each other as well as to the chief nerve strands, through the constrictions between the developing secondary strobi- las, where the median vessel is somewhat enlargeé. As they near the anterior end of the worm they give off numerous branches of their own calibre, and when they mest the large ganglionic masses, desoribed below, diverge as four vessels (two on each side) und continue lateral to the bulbs to the tip of the scolex. Here, after forming an open plexus among the anterior ends of the former, they unite in a single median frontal loop. As the constrictions between the secondary strobilae deepen all three vessels likewise become graduslly constricted until eventualiy they are cut off, and the adult conditions ars subsequently developed by a process of turning in of both severed ends. And sinoe the medien vessel wae considerably enlarged at the region of constriction, it remains thus in the hinder end of the aduit strobila, as well as in the first segment (former scolex) as described and figured elsewhere by the writer (1914b : 93-95, Figs. 12, 37), while in the latter Sisme Yaam.yrev de kde, pane eunede a. msot ot Oy r ve | Sitabgooes aninato? twemtmon “e no ltetxa eat ot ondieatonn Li 4 {88L). tmogtert. 16. .bediapaed ca, Cops: vec at pater} Soeqaucy eds 11... Ldgroos suladgooosaagon tet (ar at ie “#6. dotdy ,lemeet setbeo elt plao .OL: BAR ad rods teat 4 edt te degaek dt cots tuode sot omath gt Wi i vite & euro #t +#a loos od? af dapaogq af bane 1omedag ll B4Lidotls cromizg At «Wnataaes tud'etevesy Nesey gtleek; al-esam™ o tno Mpaay’ ont boom ved? eae ‘worl * ~iva etd at SeoLo aif o¢ owoo odlod “ot ‘et teogte) ites a ed Re qtt “Sat mort .mee.0 dvoda | (ai .92t) titenes oi ra egpdbegtov robe sano ) tad tekugettt ‘ytev a Ss bestow: ere ved edt ; - a4 Odds iene od? o& seaq 6inind + oguar doddn’ wort cave tatoo | havot ‘aue eX 9e8 tmno0 ate? Btentoad beta i 48 na to arto k3098 Sf Fuode ar’ tag a 20 YE fede tase bi detomedD: Enatiut bynes xo°ntgnet att ‘eomed woted’® to ‘eriey Lars talladd apewsed dd4eb warm BR et bettas an ie ia re a | . \ ‘bbliotaa tto mMdvLe ‘ex2: esdonerd agra + 4Ot ‘ti0dea ond - »salidw. Lord neo edt of Sebuso haw adius oar Ro eller & ’ gelion oat evssl of havot gan dowet® agtel « éeeo cts Re booze ty efleer?. ¢hhe +08 vfobpve # al deid’ ,e1seatamos oa9 i 7 Otat \wbhivih yLPiote bas cOWhtee dees tro se Looepy tiotene ; etisa Latuott od? Yo onc To. ol faw lett ato edt Ball quai de etdonerd x«6htetae od? |°.(8L vert) qiicidaer to tinsel YWitsest at et dolde yeble dows ad dawee tommoc 2 nt sels as sis 16 s®Gonegrs(ay ofnotigasg Catetal eft 6 to Ls wtiey Latesel off Yo LLow ehtetio od? tae tot? tue ft tu8 pay + “i ~ iy =) Oe -_* | VI ¢ Af Re Tet ee ty eed) 7 haa) 5 at , ‘ -— fe i ¥ bY Wy us © - \ of bulbs. Imbedded in the commissure were seen numerous nuclei vhioh, on account of their larger aize than the neighboring paren- chymatous nuclei, were interpreted as ganglionic or nervous in their nature. Numerous among the posterior ends of the bulbs and extending far from 0.8 to 0.9mm. backward beyond them (Fig. 11) there is present a large mass of large nucleated cells which in t¥ansverse seotions (Fig. 16) are seen to oocupy the whole of the meiu@lla({and about the whole of the section) excepting for the ex- oretory vessels. These cells are roughly spherical in shape and have @ maximum diameter of 25» , their nuclei being Sp. On account of their finely granular consistenoy and their taking the orange -S counterstain quite as does the gaterior nerve comuissure they were interpreted as being ganglionic oells. And this vicw *ag supported on closer study by the discovery that they are not only united laterally with the chief nerve strands (Fig. 16), which can scarcely be distinguished from them at various levels, but with each other thru 2 complicated plexus of fine longitudinal strands which pass forward towards the buibs and form sround their bases an almést solid mass of fibrils (Pic, 11). From this mass jarge strands from 10 to 15 in diameter pass into the bases of the bulbs, one for each, and are distributed among the retractor muscles of the proboscis which they evidently supply. In the youngest primary strobilas, but not in the older ones, this mas of fibrils at the bases of the bulbs evidently connects forwards be a few strands with the commissure. Just as the definitive form of the anterior and posterior ends of the exeretory system isa explained by the separation of the ie a | “hi ie fafoun. suctoaun aces. exer, ovametnner. act at iebbeder i heat ; 6 eevAR Qnhrodagtes att a ad ob be dagiel shade to tagoces’ we. fo a baad hey F : ; sae .* a hus tt suovipn te aii ge behergs tae nxom/ ybesoum suote a eRe ey ee : y i bith soled sit 2o eho sodeetqog. ent? gate: od COROME,:. hres ; » CAL: oe tt) mods Lp ae oh basim dead fim! ot fie, pe ant a Re de tidy, al Log ORL éloun.t ented Yea emda: sat. ‘mos &.. — a | ; ei oad 49 ntems oud Yauene Of e609 ote tes “BER) ago 88008) ea ode 402 gnityeone (noktoee ad? to eLexte ode toda, r bas eqad@e.a2 eaten: tldgver. ee aL ken oped? ae hon } a0; » ah Rate ¢. ko Lown. tied? » 28 Xo. Todomeed away dial , . eat oa biked meds bee Youre te tecoo raleaorg. vieweh abet 2 ¥ ‘ ‘ls Pe: hs OTe d Lupe sOWRSE Agkuotog, ed? a90b. ae ott miesexadan : bi } ey ¥ sales 4 we It eiet Daa eifeg ofmotlanag pated, 6a betexgroent, “ é tox xe ¥adt@ lxdd yaeveces Lh eda edogtart 3 owole ri is a(Si sym): chaonte errs a Tate. OES at Le eiewotad eefoyos edo ltey- te eodt aoe), fede tepattash, ad.efeose00 4 j slant ch fygnol. anti Lo aunate, Detect ianoe ® wat ‘zodto. i" hie, 3 - a 4 ‘ Rhett dervote gee? one Chard. ode Bhiswot fuerte? sneq. do tae ie 7 ROA BIS, OTE med: +9tt) wf tuaat to. en ox A£lon tetas a, ive. 20 es ad ent. ofgt .seag tefomnt. £1; 4 SE of OL @o7 obnogtey wy s E ZOLG.2zt 24. vgit Etamse D atue tug tb Ota bas afd ag 4 “> i 1 ea ut rn Be Tay § . ern ar 4 ve - hi re 87 secondary strobilas and the subsequent healing over of the cut enda, so is that of the nervfous system, partioulerly anteriorly. In the original description the writer (1914b : 93) sadd that: "The nervoous system consists of a nerve-ring situated immediately beneath the tip of the secolex and covering the median exeretory vesicle like a cap, and the two ohiecf nefve strands passing baok from it through the whole of the strobila. The former is a com- paratively weakly developed structure (Pig. 11), elliptical in transverse seation, with diameters of 60 and 40»." As was shown in Fig. 11, the nerve-ring is drawn out forward into a point which is direotly opposite a small conical pit in the tip of the “sacolex’, facta which formerly secmed rather strange to the writer in com- parison with contitions in other vothriocephalidsa. Now they, a9 well as the relatively small size of the nerve-ring, are explained by the contraction of the frec end of the "scolex" after separation ang the growing togethcr of the ends of the nerve strands with subsequent differentiation into the nerve-ring. The close associa- tion of the nerve-ring and the terminal exeretory vesicle is also quite comprehensible in the light of this method of development, for, since the nerve strands are situated close cutside the lateral exoretory vessels at the constrictions, they simply turn in towards the median line and unite immediately ahead of the junction of the latter with the median vessel. As will be gathered from the foregoing description there is a most remarkable resemblance between the soolex of H. globuli- forme and that of the Trypanorhynoha not only in the structure of the proboseides but also in the presence of the large masa of Py As. Ua a) fe Be Heine i Bs dba § 4 n . ay er ’ i Ve ae ae =a Hi ot: 2 seve yattead 9 i: pietre ode pass atacagte | ghtors otan ve sawed nergy me deee: euctwnen ent to! gautes es Om. ae ithe Size (pe 3 «: ds £04). sep aim? Bug nott qtuon oh. ating See or La3 6 Lowes me heteatite ani “ore 2 ve f Tehoace. note . omolvaemn 68 : ’ es | ios oyeme Gahhan oat BALTAvOE! bate 7 704.900 ‘* ie ae qh: ede : } | Koad grkecsy th sett » avtes 30: tie ont s NR han i420 # mat OOM OL awh of? » the Be on: ta mab, t¢ val cat sett dgyor - § ; $e Sere a! Leo 22 tite tae 4 yt): br: nt Gist © bee tong doe Wh ene. no ie thin Ob Te exe Peis, At te: cap dhoees . a «diets Patog ry ofak crab ad to Wrath wf sateen et a = qf xalooe" ont? ip et edt a2. eta Lao twee: Ll By0t tome cit i 1 SlOD. mt aad dfx ot ot rc ony vesddax bompos. ‘eiremet: pe: ee, ateat: won nebetiaqer a ltlted SND. ak ‘ecole thaoe tte peneran ety patr=o rien oat te en ta tahoe nod | moktotetor rotts * Rofobe”) ort te bas ews. ‘edt Bo! ao toex i hes HALTS © Woan ect te shan od to od ¥ non otcé eselo od? .gatt-erren ad? ofat poatetts cont i . eote et elo leev yuotesexa ‘Darel avy ee tye pute oe tae by ye to Cen oph eka? % i 5 fa oie at seed £axetal ait ebietsvo ssolo potaut tt ere ohacrte evzec wit My ’ sbtewor al wrist YA ceele csage. shite SoD ete 200 oda Ps. eloasen ite SM3 16 aoltorm, ad? 0 8 LD ¥ f ica ot tay Dae a «tong oF nethem edt, ae . oxotd soltyinoseb grtoyozo. adt aot) Dereditep of asia we ~Lindoly .2 to xoloou adé¢ seoufod vonaldanner Lenten st ne to eiutourde off ct yiao ton sdonydroangye? oft ae tant bose 4 4 oe , to seam oytel off To somkeens off af ‘on La tod | | al we of 5 ; 7 i 7 ‘a ; 7% ‘ y. > ‘“ = | 7 a* f ¥ ie. 7s: i Loo : ) ‘A 4 \ 7 ° j 7 * v . i 7 f mi Oy; Y's) «Oa ‘ d 1% F : ay ay y if ad N oft } ay i. : Ay ? \, : { s ganglion celia associated with them posteriorly. Each probosois consists of three parts: (1) a hollow tentacle, capable of evagina- tion, (2) a short, permanently protr$@ed stump,armed with thickly set minute cuticular spincs, end (3) a comparatively elongated bulb; of which (1) and (2) may be compared respeotively with the proboscis und the bulb of Tetrarhychus or Rhynchebothrius. The probosois, G&litho not provided with any kind of armature, is nevertheless supplied with a group of well developed retractor muscles which is évidentlysenalogous in function to the single retraoter muscle of the Trypanorhyncha. The bulb is not only provided with a muscula- ture arranged so as to dminish of coutraction the volume of the Organ but is also line with an epithelium like layer comparable to that of the members of the latter group. But since the bulb sxtends to the point of exit of the proboscis, there ig no part strictly analogous to the proboscis -- sheath of Tetrarhynchus, altho the stump would st first sight scem to be such. Furthermore, the oeils forming the large mass behind the bulbs in Haplobothrium, which are here interpreted as ganglicnio cells, bear not a little resemblance to those described by Braun (1896 : 1294) after Pintner (1880), Leng (1861) and Niemieo (13880) as associated with the bulbs of Tetrarhynobus longicollig (v. Ben) (= Dibothriorhycnus ruficollis Monticelli) and considered by some to be ganglion cells and by Others myoblasts. The distribution of the large nerve trunks arising from the nerve comkissure is 4lso somewhat suggestive of conditions in a few of the tetrarhynchids (of. Braun} 1896 : 1293- 94). While the writer ia not prepared to go further into this “eiesodor, doat Thiose tang rere) td be pide sine ziti went gave to siteqaa veloataed won sou & (sy tedzag wotie roa yidptds at by dobrra: eoute | bs pid ona (ob rommaae | \itodé ‘a | ‘i taLid bot eano de xfedt uP te 9 adgibe 4 Ob) ‘Sme" as nige ubLigtes educa : ef - - etoeodony oid “tte Vievidoow a ere ev tan (C7 Baz (4) tot 1g : aa 4 a ei ct Sat: lqubise monks ae Buu: Spats Loe to dud e “OY We steddasven 82 orut ams to basa wes ‘7 ty anni Se My b j ef ith ide” oe Lowtsd rotossde’ beqokoved tie’ 9 gaat a a ig we ue” @loem satestte: sigate ads at nottons’ at Piha a SeSnceine . 2 a. be beh hyozg’ ¢ihe tou et ‘dtud cat acts si pa t ‘Yo omy Lov ‘ei? “mottos T2060 | ‘io ie tatad: ot oa os sane ’ eB) d et eldezaqnoo' %¢ yak eds’ astiedd tgp ‘ga atte Boatt oo an leew ao Gtbe sik wonte ¥uet " .quotg 20 tet (edt 20’ eixediedl me r » ghee hate 116% om 6 ‘eho “4 beiesatains | aay Yo" ‘thke ee : oie odtls ve wipaydrasset ie inode -- = Ghovodoxy | ‘ty eel be “BL Leo' eat exueds 10°F shook ee oF meee ‘heeyah sett # lu Os “ets doidw \guttdtodolgal at sain od Setaoe wena Sea a € sbhkidascer atsttl'e tod twod ‘get Doo’ bine bi paay” wa hetorxg i ze j « (6861) xendat ry ‘gahis (acess * Bee ‘t) airexG ta bes troas ia t wad 2! fo) 7; ‘to ‘ébiwt edd do tn fa $0 Bb oi bat bbs (oS85i) oo tas be bas (884 aitioo Sivt ouadyy tot ytnfiiloggtd ») (wed* 29 eifiogs ptol isis nits vo bee Gliese golipmey te BF eB08 ‘YC beast tonod’ ign Lites siaut? evter eyiel ai? lo noLsmse bese ls oa? eteakion | to evivcougie Paudwemoe cole @2 cibee tenor éviea arse: P ' a ei 28L + 5061 {averG .t0) ebidonydrended vay to wek as at otto { —s « edd ofat sedfiwt oy OF bataqgexq ton et rot ne oat | ecu! d a ts Lil ‘ ; ' ’ m. - a haapY i a ve eee A 4 ay a . , ‘ ‘\ ; , ri : al J 4 H aes io a, : > ag As, Ath > ul ‘ 89 comparison he would like to emphasixe the significance of the layers composing the welle of the bulbs in H. globuliforme in connection with the possible origin’: of these most aberrant struc- tures. In discuesing the homologies of the proboscidee of the frypanorhyncha Benhem in Lankester's "Treatise on Zodlogy" (p. 127) said that, "It appears more probable (Pintner) thet each proboscis nae been developed by the deepening and modification of an ‘accea- sory sucker! of some Tetraphyllidean, ae its relation to the bothridia, and ites mode of development, closely agree with these structures. Functionally, too, it is a perfection of the armature ice the accessory sucker of three forms (Acanthocephala, Nemertini end Taenioids}; whilst there is no doubt that the 'phyliidea’ of the two orders are identical.” The fact that here the walls of the bulb, since they are composed of an outer layer of longitudinal muscles, & middle layer of circular fibres and an inner outicular layer, are not only quite comparable but dircetly continuous with the cutioula and cuticular muscles of the body wall and in the reverse order, would seem to leni support to Pintner{a view. for simple invagination of the external layers of the body wail in development would account for thess structures, while the proboscis with its retractor muscles might well be formed by the modification of the external layers of an "accessory sucker", The writer has, however, no facts to support this theory since in the earliest primary atrobilas or plerocercoids met with the proboscides were already well developed. ge ga Ee ago ts oH x 7 aby Ye atten nd ate : . r¢ e wee Sen ’ Boe ourtts tasrisda tpom en orit oo aibgtng Fe oct at be ome od? %> se@iopedot; cht Lo ‘p@lgudoacd ad? steempath a ly / ~- ae, eo *. ” , . . be a] > , ae ¥: 4 4 + LTRL: wt) "eyekeed a: fea st® eg *tatgutaad a ” i wh hr < * i 4 ; Va es a - . > “f etovovony Aigae. desi? (rontalt) esidaders a om) ang 2 44. “wm | —- a», > *~ & . —peoga? ms. to aati. S,hbom, Das sntavareb, edd w Ppgotive : as vad? ot nottales ad? wa (lao fysute of. pee 3o ‘30 . ) gppeedt atte DOTBA.,X es teasto. , oom ie obon ate, Pao 9 ig etatanre Fs by ho nol? 20% rey » a2 bas 4008 4. vstacoatea es 54 AMR , sae un ‘ bettrensh ALAMOS O44 of) eATXO of ® nat te. xo ¥ Scaiaseual ‘ , sop RS ee , us oy gt : ty. t an pitied? od? 2 pai? tduo! Out at oxedt, ‘Pel tity | ba . ‘ ce to c tigyr os Szod, deat pet eat a e. bap bt meh pes oven — bag thyy tynok to aeyal, Zotun fet to b sBoquog ors Lae come | he ar wa am 7 sau {Yu tangh i baa ai eh, 0 Late 1p do _noyet ot a - — Pal . var , . i? fv avountinog. ute tut pliers ‘08, Ra vino fai 1 ‘ a R ¥' 4 Ne bina ry fy ee edt ai tan {Lee isee, eat? to selosum tatun tte Dew | _ RE Ss TE ee ena —pROt_ ..wetv a}rsatgld of store baal of mane b tuiow azel a ., d ’ qh i g law ~Lod¢ ed? lo en ren. haa: xe wit wo ag? ankpang eloentwac MiB oltre as sinitanee rer POT TaYvOROE hi vor. re “2 : t ( , " ae Rokisotiiton eftiuyd hausoal et flew tiple eoloame totortt ve af, Buty ; e / ; a? en sed. tet ivy ca? | ,"eedhve Yeedeecon® to preyed Learotne a tuolizen of? nd eomte yvioedd elt oto (gue of stot Oh at Sis eeh tosddot : ui? G3ie ta ob tor eourely 20. Ga Lidorte aie qoteven bay 5 rhs », lal Xs eo Subfamily 3. CYATHOCEPHALINAE Buehe, 1899, e.p. Scolex unarmed, not longer than broad, with two surficial sucking grooves, more or less fused with oneanother or one terminal one of a sucker-like structure. Txternal segmentation little ex- pressed or quite absent. Genital organs in each segment simple. Geni tal Openings surficial median. Vagina and uterus open into a common vestibule, -- in young proglottides near onehnother, -- lying behind the male opening and similar to the genital atrium of other ceatodes, which may be surrounded by a sphincter like musou- lature. The genital openings of the differant segments do not open on the same surface of the worm, but alternate irregularly, being sometimes on the one surface and sometimes on the other. Uterus a colled canal without uterus-sac. Sexually mature in the intestines of fishes. Type genus: Cyathocephalus Kessler The above is Luehe'’s (1910 : 23) diagnosis modified to read "may be surrounded, etc." instead of "1a surrounded, etc." in connection with the genital sphincter, since inthe species described below no such structure was found. Genus 1. Cyathocephalus Kessler, 1868. , Taenia (part) Pallas 1781 3: 40. Taenia (part.) Botseh 1786 3 72,207. Eohinorhychus (part.) Zeder 1803 : 391. Cephalocotyleum Diesing 1850 : 617. GAthocephalus Keasler 1868 : 135 G+ .POAL .edimatt SHAT ABCTOORTAMD sh, tu ” . mg cf = give Xe DiBbiitn ss’ Lemiiea® | +o at eurte “cull es : atamie Paserger doe al. varie fat tae! ‘ tineeda silup t¢ hoe & otat HeGo gokte Baa Oa ‘efit Eivom., Sete risve voatiogh tab nt etodtonfano teen eebtetoleory HAMOY as ~- yolwgt = te aeitd x Lationy edt of celimte bao gataege Cham ods woe ents fetoasta a bshawov tus od {am tot 80k REND he at etnsmpee dontorteb edt Yo ne Sy Let heey . gated Urelingeest otenset is tod econ ods to cartes & ) eunstt Dhak cle Pat asaltonos hae sons 200. ®eld a : ikea % te sontteetat edt at at nude ule om ; | a ‘ zofeeed F ha of bett ibow Blecaye sh (aa 3 biel s'stent os orece 0 r * tite sboluwonzue 6" to baotegt * ete stotauoxtue od Xa a Bétesge ed ni soats Tetons ietinay odé dbie be 2a aia enw Srutearite dove on woied | ‘Beat (RoLeeot seisdinantex® | Ob LAL ; salsa | TOL (LF 1 BBtE destoa 4: lan £08 3 00L Sobers (-tnaq) pudoud 748 4 G28L aitkes kt | | SéL 3 b681 teLened co Gkthooephalua Grimm 1871 : 502. > Wonshothrium " ® 3 504. Aorohothrium Olsson 1872 3: 40 ! Cyathoosphalns Zechokke 1884 : 37 4 r | Loennberg 1889 : 42 3 " Kraemer 18°23 : 648 4 " Olesen 1893 : 14 ; " Luehe 1889 ¢ 53 4 * Braun 12900a : 1697 4 . Luehe 1900 : 12 i) " Luehe 1910 ; 22 Generic diagnosis: Soolex a single, undivided terminal sucking organ, which in its form and atructure no longer shows an origin from two fused surficial bothria. External segmentation only slightly indicated. Sphinoter surrounding the female genital cloaca apparently little developed. Occurrence: In Teleosts. Type species: Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) Cyathocephalus americanus sp.nov. ? 1897 Cyathocephalus truncatus Linton, 1897 : 4328-29, Specific diagnosis: With the characters of the genus. Small cestodesa, up to a length of at least llmm. with a maximum Breadth of l.lmm. Scolex funnel-shaped, 0.3-0.5mm. lomg and 0,5- 0.7 broad, with revolute edges, Neck 1.0-1.3mm. in length. Seg- ments twice as broad aa long, terminal one rounded. eee rege ay ae yr eee . OM PRL. 6 aowa tbl Res $e sixodoe® “5 be eS teat aredaneod o oy | OO Ret Beet! | aeeaaT ieee a ie Se. d 9 BOBL, moet ay a Ye ne GER a purr es ; veoe, ¢ g00er Oy ousts Wy ee ) ee ies 8 op Bead, i E a ones’ Line “pdeud Lap tered tebtrthod setpate F xetgas setsoagath ¢ as eipde zogaol on muntouste, fas axe% eat sh sare ei K | naltofaouges Laarotst -oludtod: Labo boiwg + Lat bing oleae’ eds aabbaudr se ietoktaq® De | ew. - sheqoLover esnent 9 ite ae S gteostet wt eon fievt sence) sect asin sath | PO. a Pi ace stedgracenind ES -CRe 2 WOGL marmtd ‘aetmenzs.saiagenaibeie. | 90103 ‘od2 Yo" eiotcareit otf WtIT jeteomgelh me wm tives is SFts smal geckl Ga to atgnet ® of au ,gebe -2,0 Bas gaol . aid, O62.6 begets -Loadwt x6fogd /jmmter” . “p08 .dtpoel at .umB.[-O,f doo .aepbe panera 0 + .bobawer cao Taatexed , pact na toad ao a Cutioula Sp in thickness, with no hooks nor spines} gubouticula 25 to 40p . | 10 to 13 seta of genitalia, beginning 1.5 to 2.0mm. from the anterior end. Strong tendency for the reproductive apertures to lie all on one surface of the strobila. Vagim,opens behind uterus. Neither papillae nor sphincters around the genital openings. Testes in two laterial ficlds in the medulis of the an- terior portion of the proglottis, 60m in diameter. Coiled vas deferens anterodorsal to oirrus-sao; no seminal vesicle before éatering cirrus-sac nor connective tissue sack aurrounding the whole duct. Protruded cirrus 0.3mm. in length by 0.12 in diameter at base. Cirrus-sac ovoid in shape 0.20-0.33mm. in length by 0.17 in diameter; no retractorsa connecting it with the dorsal body wall; large mass of glandular pigmented cells surrounding it dorsally and laterally. Vagina 1S wh in diameter; no sheath near its opening; re- eeptaculum seminis 75M Spermiduct very short and narrow, 25 and Sy reapectively. Ovary tubulolobular, fan-shaped; wines extending dorsally and laterally around the ventral genital ducts; isthmus prominent, 0.18 x 0.10mm.; ova in same 13-15p in diameter. 0o- capt aS p in diamster. Vitelline follicles continuous from pro- glottis to proglottis, forming a layer 70 thick in the cortical parenchyma, 20 to 35 in transections. Sheil-giand dorsal, voluminous. No muscular sack surrounding the uterine rosette. Eggs, 40 x 304u. Habitat; In stomach, pylorio coeca and intestine of the host. nos? » me) 5 on o,f aatan gst sebhet tooy to 7 ef ot of eetetieqs: avitenhorqe: od? 19% ygneohaes: pacts Laie sei ie baided ateno atge¥ aL i6oate ait to enetawe eto go ar ih sted dat lawn ui? bawone esegpetsce TO age edt $08. nt oat 26: eilubom od? ai abies? Lebrptel ont | at Prt eat be L400 +totomelh at 08, salttoLgexg odd to. no k = ototed efoteey lactase om (poaeentt ig of Lew roboup ad ga thaworzue toae cus tt oviteeameo 70n oAp~enxz to, reteméth'ad 6L.0 xo Apne! of .an6,0-encite Debwrtort +. Sbe NE atgao ! wt’ eB 0-08..0 0 aqade’ mt dtovo’ one-nues (0? vhog teatoh’ edd tae nd ‘peltoennoo erotestte’ on * ome § i ver sattnoetiod ioe. v ehaaiaate! stoteaty 16 teen ote “8% epataeyo nee esa ieenslaas: om (retemarh at ier! : baa ae (ortes Las @tode ysev toubtervegs » HOT edad pathadsne enntv tho qade au? takudote lidut TEAVO Cove sumaie d iptour cae tame fantasy ond bawors eilorsess -00 .rodétoth at (8s deme at avo 'ysmnOIs0 2 8f.0 tao -o017{' SOX SHOUNEEMOS wefe sshd emitstse Seobeimats at a feo iisoo sd? at do tie a4jOV seqal ® gatarsol ,eletoigorq to feetol Pnelp-Ligd® amb itosenart al 4 86 oF oe, -@??en07 onticty ad? geibayorrye are Sasgoaum, of + ey | 4 498 x Ob ag od¢ to oniteetst bas seeds oltolye sAoaware a ste 9 We rey 7 ] y oF > i + 7 La ‘ ¢, - * i ‘ f i te . , Be : ™ te i aoe Poe tes a eee, a" 93 Host , Locality Colicotor Authority Coregonus clupeiformis Outer Id., J. W. Milner Linton, 1897b : L.Superior 439. . ® Off Giant's Cooper Sooper, (the Tomb Id., present paper} Georgian Bay Type specimen : No. 165A, ¢. As Ra Os Co-type : No. 165B, ¢. U. Ili. Type locality : Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, off Giant's Tomb Island, Altho the species described here is closely related to G. truncatus of Europe and evidently the same form waa reported as guch by Linton (1897 : 428) from the same host in whieh it waa found by the writer, it presents so many differences, even barring some probable errors by Kraemer (1893), from that species that it is here considered to be new. As shown in the appended table where the largeat. specimens at hand are dealt with, this species is considerably smaller than the Ruropean species which ranges from 6 to 40mm. in length by 1.5-4 in width. Linton gave these measurements as 7 and 1.2mm. The general shape of the body, however, 43 the game ag are the proportions of the scolex and proglottides. The border of the infundilobiform scolex (Fig. 18) is thickened and almost constantly rolied backward somewhat as in the figures given by Zschokke (18842, Fig. 9) and Kraemer (1893, Fic. 5), the funnel being about 0.22mm. in depth and usually filled with a plug of mucous membrane from the host's alimentary tract. The posterior limita of the scolex are diffioult to define since the organ gradually narrows Me omy eS me ROUnestoh. / 5ptoettes. ° ogphtenol + : otees te a teat WG yehT x8tu0, sinstinate CCP ; . WF icishalahadendih ms ould} «T0000 “goqood / @laato tio. { to aHR, 28908TQ 0: nt ih OT) Cree) Bows | a as Lauoee e oF ee y: p ah .o A oh a® y ACBL 08 1 agate weet LLU AD Heer +08: eqyt-0d a fe # 4apt0. to has one: aeiyroo® + Wtlavos. 9 a ‘) shaadol ao” of botelow cheval seh ex0d bedtroseb osteaes nat bedaoqer: par apxot Smee ois xtnobive bus eqorws to. | par be io tde at Peow/emce ont..mwos (860 T2BL) noted yeh Satugad-aevo eouexahttt Yeas op etacnsny. oh: sentra: tA ae tet ee tooge. — secant semoert XS erorze. ol he ne deve ede 1M 9d 08 Box wuemtp acs teognes ond rede oldest botaegee edd ml. gait. ‘gotLane videxobteape et eotooge eke G2 iw #: ee donot ‘ot Uelh of O monk: eonmes tte tate eotooge, OR. L hate Vac ciasmmumsee weed? owe moan hl: - 2%. OTs Cs emem oat pt .ctevewed yghod ented io ogade Larsacy edt 20 t0budd cat wOblitogyenc Dan xefoom edt %o . wWisatenon tcomls Lo-~ begedo of? 62 (Si .glt) zefkece mots ol , etdodess t4 novi; sotugtt od? of eo tedwemoe brah tuode. pated Laanv? edd (2 .y2Y \S0GL) temeent bes le al eneydaee exscoum to pulq ea déle beciln Vitewee dae, st yet ot Lo atim£i so lfreteo eat »tonrt yretasmdle *tte08 » avoiren Yllathary asate ost eoate aah. ot #100299 2b i. , | : J i f at i” 4 A nh 6 ? r | 2 /-_ a ae 7 —_ ae ace. - a Sper ") . nf fy 7 ? a 94 down and then as gradually enlarges again to form the neok. The latter was considered to include that portion of the anterior end of the worm between the narrowest region behind the scolex and the first vitelline follicles which are situated some distance ahead of the first oirrus-sac. The maximum breadth of the strobila is at the posterior end of either the first third or one haif. The segments are, as desoribed by various writers for ¢. truncatus, about twice as broad as long, the last one, however, being rounded posteriorly and provided with a notch in the middle which accommo- dates the exit of the excretory veoteie. They are, furthermore, Glosely united’, aa pointed out by Linton (1897 : 439) when he gaid that, "The bodies of these specimens appear to be unsegmented, or, at least, with only very faint indication of division into segments.” As a matter of fact numerous transverse wrinkles pre- sent in most specimens make it almost impossible without the external evidences of the inner genitalia toiistinguish the limits of the proglottides. And in thia reapeot they agree with @. truncatus, since Zschokke (1384 : 38) said concerning the segments: "Tig sont solidement fixds les uns aux autres, leurs limites sont 44 ffioilement visibles." The following table gives the measure- ments of four of the largest specimens: cre i doen ods mig? of ‘giege eoqiaiag Uleutery oa ast has “a ‘< - bite T0 tretae ad?. to masenoy ted? Shofoul! of beter tenog oo a et edt dine x2 LopR wate bia tdad cokaes Peswor ram one Moewiog or or batils oon ifebb RMR beset ap 8te Ao toe eto tile? satltoeey, ‘ az SLicor +a edt to dt heer: au 2.00 oad? bee~oupe se) raxkh i od? i kiad Sap to Dae tox2? ad? weal Bs 2e) baw, torierena pbtegagss 2 tot ex od ew bro tuae vw bedtzonen: en 058 | c3 , fobeete: gated Revewor! wee tact adt waned Salt hoond ea - ~onsceee io tetw oLibie eae at totom « tte bebevory bas i sProMiedd su) O78 Todhy,: . oLoteev “etotovoxs ode Xo ‘one aa ste wodw (ese t ees) sotata Yd deo. betatog os a2 ) hot wemyenss og 0? ) sesiqas cavatoegs eeont te setbed watt g otas aolutviD top to motte bat taker wer lao atv sea etg Aecdatse Sexeveamat 9 vote ment toa’ 6 rer tom a oh ea? uodeiw oidtescimt teomls et shes caeminee 3 canis ode de tugatss type # thet taep onet eds te seeanbh a dite setga yadt toes. wait mi hoa inebeatg, 07@ tedavayec sd? gaiateance Baxe: fee : nent): esiodest eonse | taod #09 taLL eteol ,settus mse, wes wad ehxtt taonebtion & ~ovslaesis we? Bsv ly bide? ga twekto? oft ‘seqidspay ; . samtamite oye toegsas odd to seen os Number 165.4 165.5 43.1 165.1 Length 10mm. Summ. lim, 7.5mm. Maximum breadth 1.02 0.88 1,13 1,05 Length of neok 1.48 1.00 %.48 1.8 Breadth scolex, tip 0.55 0.53 0.74 0.64 ° ’ , base 0.37 0.48 0.55 9.30 Length of scolex 0.42 0.33 0.61 9.50 Number of sets genitalia 13 i2 13 id First cirrus from ant. end 1.85 1.66 8.28 2.Q1 Remarks Toto Toto Toto Seotioned The cutioula is 5» in thickness over the scolex as well | ag on the segments and divided into two layers, the outer of which is about one-half as thick as the inner and more or lesa irregular in structure. In most places, in fact, it was found partially or wholly separated from the Saner and more homogeneous layer and in guch a manner aa to present a distinetly wavy appearance. However, no auch chitinous hooks as described by Kraemer (1892 : 10) for thooutiocula of the lateral borders were seen, but the whole tissue is freely pierced with numerous foramina secundaria of the exeretory system which in C. truncatus Kraemer considered to be the points of entrance of nutriment. The thickness of the cuti- Qula, according to the same author, is 194 , an outer irregular layer being 5, and showing a sort of eodysis ("Hautungsprovess"). This, however, may be simply the separation of the outer layer of the cutioula from the inner as mentioned here, since hesaid "Diese Auffassung wird dadureh erhirtet, dass sich an einigen Stelien ee and 7 emt i bee ‘ ‘+a it af tii baie)” - 0, 4. ait 28,6 4 3 Oot yf san ‘atbeord mumbo Bek Bhd 00.57 , “f; . : Sage ‘AS. al 02.0 89.0. £B.0 eat B.0. "Get \xefooe adobe ore” ec 82,6 3.0 +. o ened |, u as EO to. 88,0 . RD ea getooe You p. bi 23 at . th b | etLat tao ‘atos t0 3 ? ee te i 7 : 20. (ane. das not pivaie te a Liay, 6 ax : xeibeh 242 Sov0 encato.td mt 4 ab yey a pS Wie 0) do tin 26 3 asus Co aaees owt otal bepte as bas “(oka ca? a oa , 1 alyyaan eel 0 be fas ‘tonal edt oe to ad ta Modem 4 a . Vihattang fave? vas et toe? “ae “qovalg tou ar ta Sas toyek avosaeséaod o70m bas ranch sat nos dotens 5 } eo e -ennstabaae we ‘eltoatve tb a tacning ot a“ P ie Se es fates) romper Vd Degtrobed vs exood Sooatt tig dows ' a vi ar oe eri és Aa iy a We abode ‘eas tod “M1990 ozew sx0bzed fax otad eds te hue thax _ ne to ptsatavoes enimste% elosenuy at be beoretq Nr F or ot heues e100 iomeatt Sxtenmuet | 2. at Ap tay, soteve Xp ~L3 ue ‘6 io onectilo htt ad? . Saemdztun te! conastas to! f z me ip tasurgents Wetyo an , yOl wt, , tod dua ome ed? of 9» . (*“86t0 os regaotms'i" ) ‘oterboo! to @g0e # golwods Dab ‘p2 to Zoya sufwe edt to colvareqes edt viiatte od we. “ a Dla ed | vocthe ered hewottave’ ea tonal om? ail meiieee segisie aa dole esab dartdldre dorubeb be = om un ey ae 2 f ih oie oe * ile 96 dieser Belag nicht findet, dafir eine yunge homogene Cuticula," the latter being then the inner homogeneous layer. At any rate it is quite evident that the outicula of C. trungatus is a much thicker tissue than that of the form described here, -- and no one else than Kraemer seema to have described it. The subouticula varies in thickness from 25 to 40p , being thus quite comparable to that of ¢. truncatus in which it is 38u. The elongated, quite columnar cells of the same were found to be 5p in diameter, as were their comparatively larce nuclei, the respective measurements by Kraemer being 19 and GH. - On account of the fact that the material studied waa not @@ wall fixed ae the writer would like to have had it, the paren- chyma and likewise the caloareous bodies were quite unsatisfactory from an anatomical atandpoint. ' The spaces whioh were considered to have accommodated the latter, before they were dissolved out during fixation, -- and in some of them the nuclei of the bodies were still visible, -- were in general ellipsoidal to almost a apherical in shape and from 13 to 325m in length by 7-13 in width. According to Linton they are 10-20 long, while Zschokke gave them as from 8-10» , and Kraemer, 30 x 18p. In general the musculature ie as deseribed by Kraemer, but all the groups are eeaperethecis weakly developed (Fig. 19), the longitudinal layer, for instance, being only 20, in thickness in the median line posteriorly and about 60, in the neck region (76 in ¢. truncatus) where the dorsoventral and transverse fibres are also much stronger than elsewhere.. In the anterior part of the neck, particularly immediately behind the soolex, the fibres " plue itu, eaeponedt epewt omte adfisi Tenor smote s a ; eter yas th teyet esoemezemod TeRnk et aidy gaked no9taL ost om dgue « @l siteoomrs D3 ahem tien. ond dake tnsbive et top be ye | On Dbne + xetoos edt to) eeLonus sateen! ¥ Lenthotignol eat ta’ vat YreT « ylaoiwadt toot sat wn 6 modded edt paoyed sopete th ot0de % W6F 200g soon ods: "7 out «tetiel eG/ af betresit ote wedt: to tsoa dud , fe : vt ‘ -etba to gagro ott? anégtaine at eordit. Letber, edt tte. trod de eeltrua father owed? dozdasapig yd tuo betateg ye VS hedivoeth tom stow Yedt | evtedguse Dd aot} Yaoede ‘9 | od of horvedtemos ssw Landy? od? YO. tavmegzatap. oa? bebe : tli .te) geidti Lervtagvoetoh sd? to nottountams beni - bedett nolocum Leathut tgaol tae tafeorto te soyet TeomEEt iN nat esloeue skiue tive odd Yo enofemotas ylesem eta dotde ae al we eted beqoLeve, (Lgnorte oe linea fon ore saokger a 98 C. trunesatus, so far as the writer can gather from a comparison of the material studied with Kraemer's description. There is, however, in the neok region, particularly in its anterior portion, a series of outer longitudinal museles which, while situated in transections among the outer clear ende of the subcuticular celis and very close to the longitudinal otti oular fibres, are nevertheless quité dis- tinet from the latter. At the tase of the seolex they pass in- wardly between the cells of the subouticula and continue farther towards the anterior border of the funnel than do the inner longi- tudinal fibres. Posteriorly they diminish considerably in number but may readily be seen in the mature proglottides. _-‘The nervious system is arranged in general ss in ¢. trunca- tus, but the longitudinal trunks are only 326, thick by 13 wide (0.345mm. according to Kraemer). They are som*oely enlarged anteriorly to form ganglia, as shown in Kraemer's Fig. 5, but are each divided into two distinet dorsoventrsl halves qhich gradually diverge as they pass on into the walls of the funnel to form four large nerves. No single transverse commissure connecting the main trunks behind the oabity of the scolex was seen but rather a number of fige cross-connections which were not made out satisfactorily. On account of the poor preservation of the parenchymatous ground tissue of the material studied the excretory system was not - brought out in s*otions to the writer's satisfaction. All that oan be said in this connection is that there ig an inconstant number of jongitudinal vessels in transection, evidently more than the six of C. truncatus, which dqnot occupy definite positions but an2asto- mose freely with each other especially in the lateral portions of : , : j te ME ' aha? to Ber htecned < moat modding: 0 Bed fee # eat on: saad. oe. eehsossget | Sed adi » OBEY resets -gacnmeseN ao by bokoute nant soltts « \ mo Lhe tobneten etiimt pinata sadhana emp tye: sown 0 snobtesanerd. ok. betaut te akan yaoide ov ions arm (eetterioaat xed (Solo Phew Lay eta aiken bare. wit. to ehias took rat, ee Hg “0 byob Lay, saoledes wine ere thas bo i% i as tan tease . RE, Meeg yous zoLone ws ‘cig sascalt edt Gh stettas, ttm yOTR Bor Sep sutlisnnn tee whale SG Cae at +e. whe co aovnte ; Mn Sa Z wba ‘eearat, odd of tals Leatet edt te xairrod: webiorax r rodaug a reds ws Gard awsse ter. Ro Leer od S00 '? Dene inde : ‘ ctttetex' wline Sop ebes tog. yer hp debe enobtoads: ¥ on ie We suvtAIde ao%ms.
ae wi Leese vite, Ee ; » 7 ’ Pi Oe | be the medulla. In the scolex these vessels are smaller and the anastomoses are much more numerous, while posteriorly at least two pass into a quite irregularly shaped terminal vesicle, which howefer in the light of Wolf's (1906) finds cannot be considered to be a true terminal excretory vesicle. Ags above stated, foramina secundaria are quite numerous in the outicula. fs The reproductive organs appear quite close behind the neck, the vitelline follicles being situated from 1.3 to 2.3mm. from the anterior border of the soolex, and the first cirrus-sacs from 1.6 to2.2mn. From 10 to 13 sets of genitalia were observed foo this apoctos. These follow each other closely and are not separated by any septa or other boundaries, the vitelline follicles being, in fact, strictly continuous from proglottisa to proglottia. The open- thee-of the oirrus-sacs vary from 0.45 to 0.75mm. apart, but, as pointed out by Kraemer, these measurements are of littie diagnostic Value on account of the different states of contraction. As in c, truncatus the reproductive openings are all on one gurface of the progiottis but alternate as a unit inreguiarly from ons surface to the other, there being, however, a strong tendenoy for them to lie all on the one face of the strobila. This alternation 21s0 involves the ovary, the isthmue of which is arbitrarily considered to be ventral. It usually lies on the same surface 13 the repro- ductive openings, 30 that when the latter passea to the opposite qurface it moves accordingly. This alternation of the openings has, of course, been known ever since Pallas descrided Taenia truncata in 1781, but, so far as the writer is aware, no one has dealt with the relations between the openings and the ovary noted — oe i Se be a te tae | ai Me ae _ eh et he el Pires. Oy a ; rik a ae i Jk shi’ ea a. PD be Aud : 4 i mn | at 4 ee sme qo G62. .edttetyorg of a2tiolgery mor} evou toate ite ft ig — eltaargert eager ‘30 Gee et as4t yee nent sends teaoerk US ta “epetide on Ro werk. “ee ft5 lrne tes. t try, sine igaecet ta: bud alride oO oy a | he ; ) i. oi? bas tellers eve cfecnen: eend?-aeeve lett nts” etel ta yltotretaedq of tap (eye mh eves Toum ete eononoten : 7 4 ial dette .elotesv lanxtmmes Sequde -y Itoluyotst eo? lcp ‘sz: sat Beg Ow hevtablecon eé donnao eomnet (OCCL). s' 2209 te tdgtl saz» “ahem 2 | ‘ehatede aretea ch iaafo tose Ysoietexne Lan taret: ott sail $e ‘Cj Algo éiun sig af COTO RP TER alrehauoee! ank inom $s batded seade: et typ fasnas eden svitauborqe eat) ede thot ‘~sS of tek anes wtout Le gat rad endolifot pantie UP aN 8. 1 cboat Re OT Lae enti oat hie xo Looe oat ‘to. meal etdt: we bovapedo ot aM: atiet iow to stew ar ot Of woxt! bs mc befireqes foo sexu bitte Yiecals tedto does WoL Lor. seed: ah) jaaled eeloth Lok aatiiedte odd , a0 trabaved zad2o°10% ei, ba Giddy traqa: saath. 0 ot CALO aot? vray epee aut ae ‘o ah we 129 Mtowrdace to estate @ taovett es ade to: teL008 om 10. /feet ise san 20 ita. exe enat 80 sviteuberqer oat: ‘jot zee 4? ed? 2x0! gonebaed HAOrsa, # gtevewed pan ted of nas ized Coke gosta tia eld > salidorde ed? 0 soak one oat no Sh Rovebisnoe ¥Listcaridre af abfin. Ye exveited one Viaveo enh) : ". 4 ~OT(ET S62 2H et olive omse 042. ao wodl yisauew Oz: .Lexsney ; - ot feov7qo edt of avcecy vetted sae pede Pune el vena inoge wgain a* © pokteaietis oft? -lgatdrocn# esvoa oe Sigecl hoc ireeek eokiet keate seve avoni avod oeruo 3 3 F; BP! geu O00 On ~oraea Of Tot ste off: ee cad! on tod, LA a Pas haa te Sefvou yrtave oft Lae egnltacge ad? erent od. eaoltatet ‘edt a ie ey a fhe r 4 ‘4 i zB) \ i ‘ ; a: . i? @ ues : . (2 .J ab ee betes 51 ponent ae ray, “ove i 4 i ' q 7 ' é i. ; ay mf ' . . ht ‘ LS S Me Site if : five 100 here. Concerning this matter Kraemer said only: "Das Verhalten, dass die Geschleochtsorgane alternirend dorsal-und ventral nach aussen munden, erinnert in gewiseer Bezichung an die alternierende marginalen Geschlechtsoffnungen verachiedener Fiseh- und Vogel taenien, und wurde bereits von der ersten Beobachten, Palles und Batsch erkannt, 4.h., sie hatten auf beiden Flachen die fortiavfen- de Reihe der 'Punkte' wahrgenommen, ohne sie indessen als Aus- mundungen der Sexualorgane zu deuten. Die nsveren Beobachter haben sammtlich dieses oben beschriesbene Verhalten ubersehen, und geben die Geschlechtsoffnungen als ventral gelegen an." But it shovld be mentioned here that whatever is the stimulus which, during the very early stages’ of development of the sets of genitalia from their nucleaw rudiments, causes the reversal of the whole proglottis it would seem to be such at tines as to fail to bring about the turning over of ali parts of the rudiment. As shown in Fig. 40, which ig a diagram of a sagittal series of seven proglottides in- cluding the endone, the cirrus and female genital cloaca of No. 3 from the top have gone to the opposite surface while the ovarian isthmus, represented by the solid black diso in each segment, has remained on the same surface aa those in segments 1, 3 and 4 in the immediate neighborhood. Here the stimulus which brought about the unisurficiality of the latter may have influenced the ovarian portion of the common rudiment of No. 3 and caused it to lag behind, while the more peripheral rudiments of the cirrus, vagina and distal portions of the uterus were freer to move. This arrangement of the parts in the aberrant segment in question naturally caused con- siderable departures in the courses of the reproductive ducts from #0 tLadae¥ 220" ayiwo bisa tem9e8tk rere em otdt gute doce fortner ‘Daenkee vob feet tared La: dnngenntl cidhés obaotetaser.te eth na gauietes€ sostivsg at ttenalze ve li Lhpov Sse odbett: Jovebhe Lioegey ae pasa? éetdoetieeed: nats, bast wai fs rt sAetsoedev sotere 1eb gov: etlesed abies: bau: aa “aotiteLtre? oth, mesonlt nsbled Lae aetiad, oe ayfeb .tnaesa9/h o “ea als nnsesbas, ede eato. oamoowgsdaw Made? rob ‘te gedad tetdeedorG aoregea eid MOT T9G. we secgracevas® zeb) 299A meses hewn aedeetodd ae? Ladze¥ eavdetnsoned asdo: Bowe th § hindi 2 tut. ‘poe negeleg. iatiasy. oie acgnustBBetdee, me oda \padseb itp ide ecLumtia ail? ot bali tad? eed. f om Mesiae eiler iaeg. to tee saz to taveqeiered roseepate ets 4 | | et solqorg veLodw eda 39 tnersrse ont gongag eos : 7 ¢ Be od, taode prdnd, att ‘tbat of 92. aemtt $e: houm; of of, y 06 wert at inois ah). toomthor edd Bo, staeqs hie: te * -a}, Rebitsolpexq eves to: eoline Lett ipes 2 to mexyeth 4 dit 20 ‘eonoks Satinoy ofensi tas aurets oat eenodap: Rel¥evo od? alide oostive stiseqeo edit’ joe alters pvad qo?) 1 ~~ es fea,’ By ear Litnemg on doae af om bt dosid, below odd ye ‘hedges Qey 4 ai'> bam. & .f etaempon al onod? sa soatima caus ed? no bem twodas #irrep 1d) ds icy evivelia. oid wie -baadroddgtem eat a . ssltero edt tedaeult ! ovat Xoo tettel edt to ‘Vi tLased 4 ‘ «hatded pat ot: rh Deeutee bos £ .0%. to tacaliv: Donwive edt we fetoth base amipev ,evatio edt) te etasmihes Leredat19q atom | to ¢acmegaesxa etd ,evomhod rene? eter euretg oat to @ -n00 Lvewso Yileruteaq aolteaup a) taemped daatreda eae nie ao01t afcowh eviteyhotyqst ed? lo asesyvoo odd ah eottritaread ef the normal, as were observed. The genital openings were found to vary from 75 to 115 apart, but, as pointed out by Kraemer, these data are of very | little specific value, The vagina and uterus open in a common genital senus or cloaca, but unlike conditions in the Ruropean species the vagina opens constantly behind the uterus and slightly to one side and not ahead of it. Furthermore, neither pabiliae nor sphincter suscles were found around either or beth genital openings in this species. The female genital cloaca, usually gituated at the bottom of a depression and often on @ low papilia, ranges from 30 to 60u in depth. In frontal sections it is seen to be in the form of a transverse slit about 60» in length, into the ends of which the vagina and uterus empty; that is, the vagina opens diagonally behind the uterus and usually to the right of it. It is lined by a direct continuation of the cutioula from the sur- face of the segment. The general habit of the reproductive organs is shown in Fie. 31 of a frontal section of a mature proglottis. The testes are situated in the meduQllary parenchyma in two fields lateral to the cirrus-sac, or more strictly speaking, in the lateral portions of the region between the cirrus~sao and the ovary of the proglottia ahead, since they extend forward to the latter and backward to the anterior ends of the wings of the ovary of the segment to which they belong. They are noteworthy on gocount of their clear appearance (Fig. 19), as in G. truncatus, very little contents having been seen in all of the sections made. While their shape is usually spherical or somewhat flattened enteroposteriorly according to the condition of contraction of the segment, their ii ,bownaedo: oreM on tamot if 4 ahi al of Sf aot? {Ley ov - have? oro® ‘epaiaego: iat 209) oat i ie Cr0v RO! Ors. wteh enacts ,toneet? 4d ako betatoy ee iad x =a RokMes & @t BH hahaha faye. Y gxegd e adie filed » soley oft kowqe: e ae RLIGCLU, O57 aL enor $a bana e#iiay tos 40.800 To” euee. ee ¥ -eltdwite. how ewtatdo sat bewtuteis {itaate noe vig sn heey od? 09] ; ‘ wm@iivigey wedhien vesomeniat 92 qo" Laedaé ton bees ebt " , ’ 7 br en lsvinw: died wo tredites hawor oawo® we oF se lowue re. ca Se 1 ; ; re Beds a a Cilemen eagle fat trog eleeek. 6680 speteone: wid, ata ,etl ieee sol -# ay eotee bas soleest yob #: toe wottod edt. tan ON fORe si $i enoltoce davact) re -Héqeb ak 4oe ot: Ce x a ornd Kdegaes i - at 48 ‘tuede tile earevenert 2 to ‘pted: nel i £ . | beet: ed2- aL cane aetaes autetar bare entgev adit: “Ao dw 2a) Oh Pr othe ie: tiets adv of Yilawen baz evtety ot? Dakded yf enoge tire ‘eet mot «Lire two edt. Yo Bokiecottae demwtt 2 yds : snagid? o teoniaveds: ode. To + téert Laxagog: oat Sopmgese ol at daa adit etuten'« Te moktoes fatmor? a to £8 vat ae A af eaydoatirsg ¢t all guton edit. ali bedeutin ota: envecé. oat 4 Bete on v.dotito sien +O ,bae~su0t to ed? of Leretes ’ re 1 bes one-eyty te Wit meewted nokgey ed? te eno ttnog Lavetatin od; of Drawryed: ive sxe vas gone vbavda atstolyorg ed? ‘ton © ~~ Yi4vq od? 36 epale sd? to obse 2020 tna ad? of busmioag: 2 | Pasooos no YA? roveton ere -¥ at .saoled yedt do ldr ot euneugees 8 efretl yrev ,evt sous? .2 at wa (OD sett), sometaeque sande) mae aiodd oltit® .sbem eaehives edt Yea fio ol gee cand patvad (Lroltascoyotetae hbeaes’ al? tadusmoee go Lnoltedge yl Loveu its om ia aledé ,tcewpgee edt te soltoertno0 to ao ft Lbvao, edt ¢ me » 102 maximum diameter was found to be about GOW. The coife of the vas deferens, altogether about 0.30mm. in diameter are socomnodated in the somewhat confined space dorsal and anterior to the cirrus- gac, extending to the ovary ahead (Fig. 21), Whereas Krasme: gave the diameter of the duct as 0.133mm. or about eight times ag much ae just before it enters the cirrus-sac, it was found to be only 44p at the most in this species. Furthermore, it was not found to be enlarged to form a seminal vesicle close to the cirrus-sac, as shown in Kmaemer's Fig. 6 and 13, but to gradually diminish in ize until as it pierces the wall of the latter its diameter is only 10». Wor is the whole ves deférena enclosed in a connestive tisaue sack, such as described by Kraemer. Within the pouch it enlarges considerably to form a thin-walled inner seminal vesicles which is quite conspicuous in sections, situated foe the moat part nearer the proximal end of the former but often lying alongside the @irrus proper. It may attain a diameter of SO. even when empty, -- in none of the sections made was it found to contain epermatozoa, these having been probably extended at the moment of fixation. Then follows the ocirrua proper whioh is sharply separated from the geminal vesicle, since it protrudes backward into the latter with a diameter of 10 and for a distance of from 15 to 25. The Oirri were found protruded in most of the speoimens at hand, in which case they had a maximum length of 200m, diameter at the base, 120n, and at the tip ebout 40@. The thick cuticula cover- ing the organ is decidedly roughened or irregularly “oleft", ea- pecially towsrds the tip, but not provided with spines of any kind. Incidentally, sections show that the protrusion of the cirrus, on cg ck Maumee ima Vann HU Tuk! Os 7 i 7 - ' ie ean ere ae \3 Ape “ene © a ; off Xo a@itoe ad? 1008 fuoda oS ot tau? now vetematt i be tahanmono o wre rete ppt hh on 2 cates © tvodw. reatagadte: same of ~oxtte 949 od edest om Sires Laeroe ee bow2tacp tastwampe ¢ ee e ° OV NG. BSNS, Cpewbadt <4 (£48 waa: Boveri acide ed: od. na ttasexs ie ia doutiine cemdt Ids winerenar ai wma + Powdy ote reread vine: ad a0 hows ou we yout wpaset bo oitt wrahen ee: a a ! bavey ton goa BR 1 S1ow od ae “ Rekonge, oer ne teom ~. 98 O88 6 ts te was od evases: sfoteor tanto, =) mot of oon . ate deine a£5 tb yfdaoub ove et: ‘aud tli Damo vant oxo See Leth san Sho edt xt tas ed? to Liew wits scrote: — wo epttewitaos: rit bee oica Sneretes > aey ofadte oat: eh ‘TON es be < Pe ad $2 euoy Salt att RP ten reat 8 teuhes hiweeb 7) ous. aes wole tien Sas aad seat bed Leama itt. id wera? OF’ sidanata ") stax teow ead eed dotaushe sito 088 ch c7000 2 16a08 ; odd elibiyeota: gates wotto ted gemzo? orit to haw Sentcos sie - outqa? node ave 408 te totems th s nant var C2. wee | 4a0K0 otarrsge atatqoo of baad $finer ebay’ banttoos, anit ' Bo tant to taomom et ee: “rr eidedors ed one en? wis Sevorages tiqzrede of do bin EEO" Pty 2 sth ewO 2 Be hts ah. edt ot ae 3 Lit WD ni. ae “mwarot? £2 somke: 1 efole sft : gee ef f° 20084: “te: Conéteth. « t3t hia wf OL eo. e Qi’ * band Fs: eRaehe pw. ode Ro caked at hoLurt as aaue’ 4 | az0m , ' @8 @4 SO? peeks ioe abanek! vote ba.90 & bag yeat ms ; Tevow ala ttity detét off. » 40K tu0da gid ed? ta shae 4 AD “£9 ,*ttofo" yluelsigortt so: beoedguor hebloob se ‘aepxo Datd Yao To. satiqn délw hedlyor tan tad «qh? oat abramot ‘ a AY | TO «ye © off Le aglagntorq ad? fad? ode aageltoda x A, y ’ haf rr, iP oe) re . bit i ‘ : 103 decount eof its size, results in the eversion of almost the whole of the contents of the sac. The length of the cirrus within the bie is at least 1854, -- it is usually bent once in its proximal portion, -~- while ites diameter varies considerably. The layer of parenchymatous and myoblastic nuclei surrounding the cirrus within the sack is about 10 in thickness as compared with 5p in ¢. truncatus. In sections of the extended cirrus most of these nuoles appear in the tip of the organ surrounding a good deal of the outioula which still remaine invaginated; but they are in all probability myoblastic a3 are others farther back along the course of the retractor fibres. In frontal seotions the cirrus-920 is Giroular in outline (Fig. 21) with a maximum diameter of 175) , while in transverse and longitudinal sections‘ the depth ranges from 200 to 2350, ©» the whole structure being somewhat ovoid in shape with ite slightly smaller end directed outwardly. Its wall is comparatively thin, 111 defined and composed of a somewhat loose network of muscular fibres running irregularly obliguely in ai1 directions, so that sections cut in any plane show them almost Gircularly arranged. With emission of the cirrus the wall is fairly difficult to locate, since its innermost fibres are not easily differentiated from the retractors of the oirrusa proper which bulk’: largely in the contents of the sac and since it is not provided with any dorsal trtractors connecting it with the dorsal body wall as described by Kraemer for ¢. truncatus. Forming a aort of gland closely applied to the wall of that part of the cirrus-sac within the medulla there is to be seen, even in toto preparations, a comparatively large mass of large darkly pigmented OVd - ~- - 7 Lf -} Sina) = a \ ro, 4 { 3 Moya ea te Vy a ot ‘ Le ‘ Ps } a Beh, A e - S i < ¥ é , J eLog od? teonke 19, aotersve wat at st Sudes as ati ; , wa tht wesa.tu 4 ogurtt to od? to dtgnel ed? :.92e off? Mb. atene | s foniipig 22 atconmo taxed qSlauewt eb tt de 4 Y8OR thot & re ate to teqel oa iyldaredlonod: pelvse setemsth att pitiw =~ wide i¢ aerye ony enibgyotage tetanus etteeidoya PJ esote as “2 a pe MP LY doreymos ae. ‘peoato tat Mh WPL ode aye BP ett Yo ota arise bebuesxe ‘ait Yo auto Pose at ' So Eeeb boog @ gathaworreet neyo. ede te qit. ont ted fie: a eas Yous tod jbeteatyowgt en tnmes LLbve fb dite, os 1060’ oat pools: toed rodtast eroite ots’ se otsaatdow uh 7 ab eecavetito edt sno2toes ‘Lataor? af sord2Y rotpexdgin | ‘ Peby to: retemeth maxon 2 déiv (£6 art) ph As " (ent atanes digeb eit ndeantieen tenths tank hae. v oA | eqade: es blove tad omen “eated oistourte efodw be gst “4 at hare ett: Lyliuewtue heveorth hare toto 3 seool tadwenoe 2 DO becoqmoo bas beaited £62 st idt.: ae elem tido Vselugorrs go Lasure condi? vatinaial teomiA med? wose emake ye: ni tuo eaodioes: nas oe . bm es ilLow of? ewrrto ads Te soles tm 4920. . Depaarte me PO oxeeord2 seomiend att eonte ,eteoel.of tino v" abyots Qiao edt To stom etter aft gott betaliacze : fos at .t2 ecale bee ows edt 30 c#netace off at vfegiss . Sand Leowb odd atte +: gattoeano erotes ttt Leeton gae dtiw Oe a guler’l sputnaags: 9 sot temeaud yo bedtebesd ea) | gi? Lo tieg! Sais ‘do: Law wl? OF be tLoge _heapKe oni 28 ote? al nove ,aves ed o¢ al erede. cbigheos emt wide te ¢ betnomg iy yLiteb ogsal Io sece opsel weigabanemelp a « ‘% a . 8 a d " , - 4 ai A AA \ f Sey gh Ope tt, md S ° ore oo a yO es ite a | * 104 polygonal cells (Fig. 21). In frontal sections they lie on each aide of the sac, not extending much beyond its anterior and pos- terior edges, the whole sttucture being thus shaped somewhat like @ saddle. Faeh cell is elongate in shape, provided with a well defined wall, prominent tho not éspeciaily large nucleus, and very granular and highly pigmented cytoplasm, the color of the pigment being dark brown, Altho they are very closely arranged around the wall of the cirrus-pouch and most of them are quite pointed towards the same, ‘their funotion is pretty much a matter of conjecture, unless perhaps they are the much modified myoblasts of the muscles of the walla of the pouch, which is suggested by the relations of the inner attenusted ends of some of them with the latter. Wo such cells have been described for the Turopean species, so far as the writer is aware; but here it must be emphasized that they are very conspicuous. From its opening which has been dealt. with above the vagina proceeds dorsally almost st right angles to the surface of the proglottis, and then within the medulla turns backward with a few coils to expand into a comparatively enormous reoeptaculum seminis which on account of its size, can searcely be distinguished from one of the coils of the uterue unless it igs traced out. At the turn in its course it bas a diameter of about 15y and ig lined with a continuation of the outioula of the female genital cloaca, Su in thickness and surrounded by a layer of gireular muscles. As it passes above the ovarian isthmus its cuticular lining gradu- ally diminishes in thickness so that the seminal receptacle is provided with a very thin layer only. While the latter may have a diameter of 754 slightly behind the isthmus of the ovary, it oie rh ee Bh ‘€ >| enodsped Latnet aI” afte: -oft) eine 4 peea! bar tohistan eft Lacoyod heen pabaegree % tou yone ci | pea a oy ehtl ade enoe Be aie add ‘gated. tiuterice | efodw our tate: * ifen ae div Lefitvor, ,ogade af otegeote #f Lheo) goad > ~ (00? Dae epetouk patel Uitehosaee Tom: ont Saentuord pote ttemaiq ott te selon eft ,wrdtqoree atuneg te, eligi bea ol edd? hase + Denes yLeeols weer era’ yam? etd vc awesd a, abr ang? De tito etiup exe medi to teow 5 ata Haueqebun S ol to j a Pistespaot Bo - ost nee: Low # tts tq ez: sonseant ¢ let ye | ua a bs eee Soleie ekutees eat yd beotecn: ie at doidé *qilow rey ‘ett Sons te \, evfotuw edt to ateal OU Bee tom ho she oh? oth Coed Fed “Oh 5 T9tPak ‘said ‘hte sodd Lo’ emge a9 abae hogasnottes hd set OS THY .Se' 4 eetosge nike yon wf okt nok bedinoeeh need ove: @ . wi 12 0dt vods stiw. ties aed ean tn the sataeqe wor ee PY) » ets Yuat samt bee toadiqgne od vom oe ered tod peters. et ‘Ge © s0eli ve off OF eelnone tants te techs iteexob 2 5eb001 a # tty buewdesd sait effebea' ade glddte nests bes .ontroty , : } ADs ; : a, WU sO£e3 fone: svomzens (lev it miagmen y otal basqre of” P ‘“ . boaebuyetielh od yieortee aeo (sits e¢2 to tavocen FO dott ™ € i oA. #00 bepets wf ¢f seeiaw eazy ts 260 To eftcer oe 084 beali aL hone vl tuctc to ~otSemwhi @ ead HS estose nee nee siitiovp efamet' edt Yo elmitue sd? Yo notteunttaoe b! -eeloous inigolo to seyad o yd bobauetz hos eaceds Mt! . . f 4 ~ebety (UO lmit selon ttwe att avadte? avizeve edd eveda notes ei giceinoonr Lariere ait fadd oc e@endoidd at cote tak & over Yoo tell/el vdt efidh . sytem soves mide ever @ doteie , 72 .t7eVe aff Ae i? s i ot ss ‘ T 20. | i fay ite e | oles Pia i agin ik 2, Py nan ® Al Le j i: bi Jd iat bk ata | aT, serene Pa) Pe ee 105 narrows down very abruptly to a very small spermiduct, 8” in dia- meter and about 25,4 in length before joining the oviduct. In distinct contract with C. truncatus phere ia no "connective tissue and muscular sac" surrounding the nadianhon of the vagina as de- soribed by Kraemer, but only the usual masa of nucleu most of which are gubdcuticular in their nature. The ovary (Figs. 19, 21) isa tubulolobular organ, the limbs of which extend fanwise laterally and dorsally from the ventral isthmus anteriorly as far as the girrus-sac and dorsally thruout the whole of the medulla, thus surrounding the sentral connections of the cenital ducts and the @oils of the uterus (Pic. 21). The wings in whose irregularly shaped tubules young cva in various stages of development are to be seen, connect with the rounded isthmus by narrow portions quite as desoribed and ficured by Kraemer, altho he evidently erroneously e2lled the isthmus the “ooftyp." The latter in 0. americamis has a width of 9.18mn. ay & length of 0.10 as compared with the similar messurements of 0.19 and 0.07mm. in the oases of O. trun- Gatus. Ova from the isthmus measured from 13 to 15" in diameter, their nuclei 7-8 and their nucleioli 4, those of the latter species being 9-12, according to Grimm (1871) and 154 according to Kraemer who gave the diameter of their nuclei ae Oa. The oviduot begine with a rather short oocapt (Fig. 23), 26 in diameter, and proceeds for only a comparatively short distanee, with a diameter of from 15 to 20» , before being joined by the spermiduct. A little farther dorsally it is met by the vitelline duet which comes from the ventral portion of the medulla just ahead of the iethmus where it is formed by the union of a right and left duct as i nao ~SHLB gs +S doch tiene Linge Xuev «98 utqwade vier arabs 2 ror #2 .towhhyve ed? oetetot. oxeked Algaed a, 488. tuoda fat susett evitoesnos® om et ore, putrogus? .D 4020 tonrsace | “@b ex actzev.eds to Bitonioed od gactouorive "eae tal Spice *o toon weloun. to sera Lowe vid. hao tad «seneen: we be oad) ae 2S segtt) Yseve edt eeetamteds sh tekund yiferss ok: cefvaci boetxe detde te admit ed? .aaptoe xa. ec? ae 44% On Yitotretee eymiitet, Senfaey, eda #ORd CL. , asd biiubess. oat te elodu on? erode setanlectnoarh: eta hoe etoub Let tan odd. to esottoranoo Lertaaay eft. | wislegesgh. seody at epotw edt. .{£3: att) Bus ote we = od of 8%, gaampentgres,® to neopets BuOLi2v at ener ams 8% sant ee atiop. anotizoy roves 1S Ruadtes betaues ait. detente ehevoonorss, yhtand ive, ed of@la ide toub ontl{eitv: ett. yd tow of ti qiLeerob Trhe es od? to bestie teal aligbem afd to. eotetos Lexfaee abt) 1 es tech titel due téatt \e-o mohaw ode qs. bomtok wh) 22 exsd. : 4 ; 106 in &. truncatus. Thruout its dorsoventral course it ia expanded with a vitelline reservoir which may reach a diameter of 40h, eapecially ventrally. Immediately outside of the longitudinal musoles the vitelline follicles form a compact layer about 70p in thickness (153 p in C. truncatus), continuous from proglottis to proglottis and broken only immedistely eround the reproductive openings. In frontal sections wheres they are cut tranversely their greatest diameters being at right angles to the surface of the pro- glottis, they range from 30 to 854. sinee they are usually some- what flattened anteroposteriorly. Their number in transverse sec- tione bexies from 2© to 35, 45 being given by Kraemer. From its point of origin to a short distance beyond the entrance of the vitelline duct, the ovident is lined with epithelial eells with prominent nuolei out indistinct boundaries, so that the whole is of the nature of a syncitium. But soon this epithelium becomes modified so that, as the duct continues sith a few coils to the opposite side of the proglottie, ite walls are quite thin yet clearly nucleate, Then es it further enlarges dorsally it becomes surrounded with the voluminous shell-glai@ which follows the tube thru a number of its coils (Figs. 19 and 21) even on to the begin- hing of the uterus, for in frontal ssotions about one half of the posterior half of the uterine rosette is surrounded by them (Fig. 21). The cells composing the gland are comparatively short, stout and well defined, their nuclei large with the nucleoplaam quite @lear like the cytoplasm. Wo sheli-gladd such as deséribed by Yraemer was found in this species. Beyond this elongated ottype the duot continues as the uterus proper whioh has its largest coils, betdague. et te oe muon La amevRes ‘pb eet trout: a aye " te Setemalh 6 oases. bane dic Law aLoviengt: enettes tats nyt & ad? 10 ‘oh ietue toetetd DaaaT. Utese pea * ayo’ Iyodu geyal +e Pye Ve wo dim viaktior ec tikerity: ‘od | ‘et oF aes Lye: nor’ moval ao eo Cos pieoaum: “9 at thay: Hsetoud av ttvoubotiroy eft hasore Yess Yh eee Be @0tro i vn ire anne K » J E glodt yivetevaEnt? doo s1angsht |) etome nets pose Letuait al “Ory mil to oor TTyE eld oS eo Lyme tdgt by wae ‘gated Gee i oneshin amo VS eune see gad? soiste + y8B Od CE wont eae: yeas ‘ “0G optavennst Kt teduum «ten? Etro lees reogonedae 2 oft rer) inet aibemneks ¥d mov by gated ob 3 oF o8 wort agi " re | ea’ ko. oduseyin acads"t bao od geaasets otode 2 wi cong tt mM uf iv a tigo: pentegtege at be fro pek f° gh. Peds: ott $00 ei ornae Sat. tady G8 yas trabaged ‘toa tebhat tus nerd Ssnoocd: Malledtiqpo..e La? ao0oe: ¢sst,,- mathe toa * 26. edt of eltao wet + At bP ceunitap O° toud att wa oo «teste ¢ hey ald et iup one etian efi el toLgong eae -2 & amed te t (Lie rod 863 wal ite potvxuud @2 ee aedt ovantell ‘> Bea i ae Bea “ -edet' att evolio® do hit (Spel gat Sade wipe ahwslow edt ad be) > phyed- at 0? ae! aeews (46 tee PE .opet) eLtoo whe Re | 1 _ ef 2) to Vied aaq twodce enodsous Lodtios? ah tot a - ’ f. if # i ( yt i ae ot, PAS we. ae te ones me at ea 108 Tn the above description it has been shown that this species differs from the well known C. truncatus of Furope in 2 great many points, but in none s0 radically as the following; The absence ef chitinous hooks on the cuticula» of the lateral borders; the presence of radial muscles in the walls of the scolex and of a number of fine nerve commissures connecting the chief nerve strands anteriorly instead of 2 single one; the vagina opening behind the uterus opening; the absence of papillae and sphineter euscles sur- Founding the genital openings; no enlargement of the vas deferenes to form a seminal vesicle just before entering the cirrus-pouch; no connective tissue sac surrounding the whole of the coiled vas deferens; the absence of dorsal retractor musoles of the cirrus-sac, ana the presence of the peculiar glands closely surrounding the game; no “connective tissue and muscular sac" surrounding the be~ ginning of the vagina; the very different central connections of the génital ducts as regards the ovarian iathmus (*ootyp" of Kraemer); and, lastly, the absence of any such "shell-gland" as described by the same author. Consequently the writer considers this the American form to be speaifically different from tho European form and propesss the name Oyathoosphalus americanus sp.nov. The material studied consisted of two lots, Nos. 43 and 165 of the writer's solisotion from the stomachs of several specimens of Coregonus Biitupeiformis (Mitchell) from GeorgianBay, Lake Huron, 28 listed above. lJ Z iy , uns Pe eT ON i ee Sof PS ae " ry ci ‘ “a i * sates xe eiad tags nwode pond and a2 go btqinoned avads. ed at te Z . (i2e Peery o al ogotwst to euteguasd -D atort iLev. ont wort, east! 2B Ls eonpedoe, eft sou tmeflot od# ae Yi keo Shay Of Meron mh tie et a: add. denebted tevetat ad? to lelic htop oft co axood won tt & 30 has zefoor: edt, Bo elikew sii ae ealoewn tutes te, ehae age evrne: todde- add gat ‘toennee evnwes tamos oven entt 20 edt Snice? galraqe eat per ed? sone olgmte “ to tSeetead ‘ ~sim poloyur tedoatdds bas sail lgag to somteda, ost? (atone | segenbes ect cdi to drremenradise on {Spel tando: ‘Lot tans ot) atotioigesrrs to ‘out ailzetaw etoted tart eiotece Taatane 4 a | aR: ‘beltod odt 6 eLode ont gathagor ture oes omy tt ‘ove ee ed sgt to eefopum sotostiet Leerab 30 aoaseda: Re , eit prtbajotise ‘enol shanty tottuosq ode te. : “ed wit aa tbewer sss Nore ‘raltcomm bas adoatt evi e6? to tao ttoss aon Lastace tqozeT hth rer sift {aatgow des ‘a i (xsmeett to *qytoo?)..emndtet antreve edt eftepes ec. J tT? hedlsosoeh aw "brn Lyet foade® owe i 20 soneeda sat. | oe ‘D * “J ent eld? evobtenog: tetinw add visne: weaned ‘ . tot neoqoust od? nos taorettsh EL Leo tt lenge of ot ar af an punge home Sodgdcreaster) sarc, sds BOL tute 2d amet ato? out ‘Yo trtetersco boftotedietzetun ui enetloogs Bt oves XO etidaenats oct wont BoLtoul lon | otrat ey KTH eded . yeqeleteeh wort’ ( (ladoe 2) neenot saul = AP O09 ~ i Subfamily 4. MARSIPOMETRINAE subfam.nov. Scolex with two teotent and fairly deep bothria and a terminal disc. External segmentation very distinct and regular. Opening of cirrus and vagina marginal, irregularly alternating; uterus-opening surficial, ventral, on the same level with the genitel cloaca or very slightly behind it. Only one set of seni- talia in each proglottis. Testes in meduglia between the nerve strands. Muscular vesioula seminalis outside of thégeirrus-sac absent. Receptacuium seminis large, sharply separated from the spermiduct. Ovary not exactiy in the median line but slightiy approaching the margin bearing the genital cloaca, ventral, aa is the sheli-gliand. Uterus in the form of a sac developed by the enlargement Sewerdly-of that portion of the g@iot passing thru the cortical parenchyma. Eggs without operecula,. Type genus :. Margipometra Cooper. The above characterization of the subfamily is the result of a comparison of M. hagtata with the existing subfamilies of the Diphyllobothriidae in none of which it could be located. As re- garie the general form of the scolex and the facts that the .enital cloaca is marginal and that @ vesicula seminalis is absent, it comes closeet to the Triaenophorinse; otherwise, however, it ia related to other subfamilies. External segmentation is distinot and very regular, a neck being present as in Diphyllobothrium and Bothridium gf the Diphyllobothriinae. The uterus-opening is on the same level with the genital cloaca, and not ahead of it as in the Triaeno- rs ae caving career vega a vitabiew: aj a fi he hs Vey? r or bas, srieted aeet urea haw Lae.towt ovt ery, a » natura OE, bap foatteth ycew Gonsataeagoe ferseta sooth feat pate ented he ur: eas ott, afacctarsa anne bas exito te se ‘tal? dt te kewed : oe oe Pp et ANY, keto staze anine | hase % © foe aa Ny Ese At pasts teashe thew, ‘ot 4 , ne . 2 ES eal eat ans tod Akcigboom at Katyert, paartoigord & te ary 2 _eatveurn zagiaet te sblateo 6 :iasane zip 2067 seb fe ous won? bo toe in thazace opie etatees auiatist gs Viddgtie tus cath gitdon ode at yitoaae ton 0 | re" < #8 ey el. vet gey: ~nociege fas Lary eda gitreed algzan a ba ¥ et ca beqphS¥2- oe Bh to. mtot wad as easett., at pti as bees Aid| sit to. wat) co 204, tea te reat | i i i ae f hl * tahoms i Oe eudt meth oes OF eowneg codon ab ‘at yee to Le a «stakbow @ tn Lae exrlupet qonet “eared eds cs ‘thexot a rg Lites Bishi o Rp a O yteLurcodo Linda maOT Retort peeve e iP CL Ri bee gaol a4 OF $0000 "en tev feta comtts? ak bay ar bikeies SEO {esomd onettonte Lentnow Shin om ; “yond Sikes mana. at wnfargorcs soko te tor ont tet : avout iaee & ythmet .naLeinwte Lamtisd pypok San ‘ae oe 4 Bupa ‘thtiwade ‘eadhen zak Btstqeoar aragonite x 8h 4Liewi sna eipamsco Liam, haels- ~hhage: ubtestaee 2 Odi idea abiog hers cevosaab wet & alas dt bee ston wtedodstd kL ond. f ,o0tltwo at shtuonhe oa exrendit lode oat qr gatiltt ~uadoueg .3 ot. 8 atat sarote tort men | ads. wt boonies eta 9 axtietvesat Fon tut et hentent | -o9 ed aomp ie puauy a ‘yoowed ee! teiced ylidgtio re. er deomls geuc Lawkty al ,edueld tot ier eit gntased. argren' | wet | + 00 RL eigo AOA Ay OE x te apo Yo naan at sel a bl 4 eae By < 7 . 114: Host Locality Collector Authority Poiyod athula Ohio R., Washing- £F. Linton Linton 1897 : 431. tice EL) ton, Pa, . s T11.R., Beards- H.J. Van- Cooper (the pre- town, Til. sleave sent poh 7 . L. des Allemands, H. B. Ward ® Georgia sd ® Uies. R., Keokuk, " n Iowa ® & Misa, R., Fairport, ° " Towe Type specimen : No. 47284, U.S.N.M. Coil. Type locality &: Ohio River, Washington, Pennsylvania. This species was originally deseribed by Linton but with go little attention to the internal snatomy that up to the present it has remained pretty much @ species inqguirenda et incerta sedis, ag pointed out by Lushe (18990 : 40; 1900a : 106); aitho Ariola (1900 ¢ 440-441) placed it in the now obsokte genus Bothriotsenta Railiict. Linton deseribed thi golor of the living forms aa" ... at firet lemon-yellow; after lying inwater for a few minutes the bodies become colorless or faintly biuish translucent, while the heads remained yellowish." Regarding their method of attachment he aaid: "Two pits were found excavated in the mucous ani sub- mucous layers of the pylorus near the spinal vaive, in which the heads of a number of Dibothria were inserted." The length of the worm Wag recorded by the same writer aa from 35 to 78mu. while the maximum breadth was 3.7mm. As shown in the table below the largest ! , Pa AL ie } i “ hoe are al ~y Tee M oP ie aw Be he a ls A 5 chili as hie iene 7h + 2 Fy y xdizodtus xopoeifed yezhneal £5) 2 780L motatl motald .3. -patins® ..@ oldd | * ot gy. ait) sige). “pat Jt. + are, ot, OLE" i (teqeq vane | evnsko, eT stead -. ome oe oe sehame La yap a ’ « toed “ »oula . fee... “ : ® axonal, wl oe | » £200 a, tae 2088 let ’ ae Ri he smkeor. yoases sAet gata se Cagis ona t eitsoes » [Oa ‘abby aot, gorngs i 3a des kzweeb b xi cantatas sen apr 5 tnestig edt 0? gu tact ymos até fersetad nd ot nee Babee sbreon! te Bhgor tupat weloode. * dows Mima & aboixk odd ge i (966 1 w00GL ,00 +s wecet) edeal xe: ite8 expey entonss Ron oat at be tesaly in Gt | y i ae a awact patric eat 26 eke vee tepend aotad odd. qadua te, 192-4 703 tot cyat getyt xotle iwollag~a mee ‘adi eh hie ‘(bieee Copel tt tle fue sg uisaret 30. es uitoges te asniiou 16 to bodism sivde wali rb Of . * ca twoLkoy bi be ise lus syooum et) af Lotowenxe Sayet ener od £4 owt odd Weide al yovlev image oo? see8 eaxolya out ie | et VF «A a edt to'dtynel eT. * Reg tenn) anew absdtodig te eae at odd uitde .208T pt Of mor} aw cee aee smo edt ye, sabe joeceral oat woled cided ed as gpode eA ,eutt,s caw Af, w pairs om Alt 115 examined by the writer wo one 110mm. in lenecth with s maximum breadth of 3mm., which, however, shoved the cheracteristio opadue white uterus-eac filled with eggs intonly the last eicht proclot- tides. The scolex (Figs. 23, 24, 29 and 30) and strobila care, ag Gesoribed by Linton, * ... sagittate (when st rest and contracted), terminated snteriorly with a button shaped tip [thetterminal dise} whieh is bluntly rounded in front and merked off from the remainder of the head by a slicht constriction, in life angled posteriorly; pita (bognria] variable in life but usually elliptiosl, often with | Taterior margin aoaminate and sometimes with posterior margin in- @istinet. The head 49 angled posteriorly both laterally (sur- fiotalty] and mercinally, presenting 2 quite ohsracteristic appear- pnoe in the living worm, Neck ‘gubcylindricsl, narrower than the head. The segments becin come 4istanoe (6 or 8mm.} back of the. head, as faint transverse lines. The first distinot segments are closely orowded much droades than lone, metian segments squarish [but still much broader thon long], posterior segments veusily a ddttie loncer than broad, reotengular, apparently separs.ting rather easily. .++ Posterior angles of the segments alightly projecting. «.. OAtline of most of the strobilas nearly linear | end about the same breadth se the head. All the segments were re~ markably regular in outline, no in@sculetities being observed. While this regularity in the form of the proglottides and in their gradual inerease in size anteriorly and change of shape posteriorly is especially noteworthy in this species, the writer met with a few eases of intercalated triangular and aberrantly subdivided segmente in the material studied. It should be emphasized, too, that the * ea a a atee dtgael # BF Ph erp. age olg6 itetost ado nul” pounds cuaversd stone, is yi ats oo Coots Sdehe tert oft Yleowal esa lt be belts at i Ri Bie ll oo << i ga. (ore: ofitosgts bane (06 hae C8 OE. SRy sent) _xploos edt a fh: hy {bedoontito bao too: fe mode): otutt tyme ss. X natits as edna | En tue ' te ‘a = ef ' :, af? Lanteiegeiodi} yf Seqada note @ badd trot tretns, hotag at Ve | -» i Cal > r oftse Da ve + Oa wit a Dotiewor ects, bik i eS _ > Er -« om ? - z = 3 : ‘ ~—* ‘ rt Si? —_ ad S a < ylictisdecd b= Laas. at2t x, “ ofS briteccio b ty the: 4 be dati a 5 a , ’ 1 4 Te en sswey yllaretal ated thiarteteod beige a Rooit ‘oat a + ‘ j : j oy ate oA rr dtie yelto , feoti gel ts «Lowe had oo at of ter [emae - “hi atpian totzsteoq atin wemiteans fas ataxtmaos debate : } ; ‘weeeqge pits itotpercde etiup. 4 : , ‘ 4 ? shthnae sty “Ullen pian nae fy m a ; % ly : ’ * hid ! } ef? mad? ssvorseq ,Leotshativoe Gere: food ae ‘ah poten: ‘ 4 f 7 od to food (.mai to. 8) sonmtath emoe at aseieiale's RA ere whisper onttnth tor kt oa? eon i oatovenent rater dePavcpe otncmpse matted Bho asd? Hobegid dour nobeo? eyitéesey cfiroenee zodseteoy .fomot aka: ‘ahheont sie ei Fey oO eabereyee vitae eggs. Letogantoes ? oo) » + : Aya? me ie Be. pk) i. ae 7 a «xoLope! edd to. qid oft ebtarat: c6tonezd gotessy S Attn 0 fog ea has Sivitveod ei? to ellaw-odt of eoddaerd to code .o ogee fy oe 6 OPiw dose -.etignen ow? @® oetd Lax fered ont st egtelas yits cet ; Shtel evosemwua: gi? ae Whaer tx foide , 08 deoda to te? . * of alfpacy seeds Yo doet Ghootiedigiod ctutbowed act? of gba pits Tze7 w Yimo cin ffs eeevewod ,doksw easier? ogtal ont os at “4 ~mom wed ed Ronlet ote Yost exvoted Dior cedtds? sonata te a2 _ o wo ef xeloee otf 9 ebta oF bee qo eff? To srolfet ated? ofa e~ A if Yo wocitxrve doee ao ailsnep e at io erxdonrid ore at ted i?) XY as eotree Lawdo sped? Yo do adie oktose Latwost nt - bedpeamoe F hie Santee? sd¢ to qtr ede otat biowxet yiscgtia bewod of i a ~ do cbate esrel © @bls dese no brawtot? add ut Yo evig of — ne - =y ued tal ond ot nt zeistat © Me uecmim guiytay s to etelenco aatays -yroterexce tno opxwco tiatencs veel xo som & Obetey ) eae, le tbe | 2 at elaveg {fe th brset 424 ecott © atagoine od? to acti sexevenm? of? oF reito dose mott bor araqee Orn been emote ot2 ,Tevewod ow! ¢somreduc ef? -.ee0nsto kh gnersltLb i -theq decauenalt of? gad? elise teagdd? evad ‘buns x)egeal | 3 svoltisy ed befoeugoe sia bne pede ust ental evorsama- Ito av ; atl ,alesea Lan seta yy ono oi? Dae serito doxso dt iu poe _ xelooupds of evolo olitw ,ifen ee Bewollot ed tenaao yous [iams vray to soveto € Gat qu tacrd Om ui ttaeh. tled? one solves ac? ' ao \uetvat edt toomnds boortod eclt ima do ide getiat obta dosap mo dontid ifame 2 ,tevewon ,zelooe ed? to oon th trote 2 colt Baetee vvten oti? aldjixz Iant sancoe td vligtvayer oldiaveoe th yithaes Sas evotumen etiup et ellee i. on vw a in the medullary parenchyma. In young sttobilaa where no segments have yet been lost two comparatively large exoretory vessels pasa backward to the posterior end where they unite into & small narrow terminal vesicle. This in @ larva 13,.4mm. in length was 40 long by 10} wide while the diemeter of the excretory vessels was 15. The earliest traces of the reproductive organs in the form of a transverse line in either half of the proglottis (the rudiments of the vagina, cirrus-aac and lateral portions of the vaea deferens) appear from 4 to lOmm, from the tip of the seolex, while the first eggs are seen in the uterus-sace from 35 to 35mm. from the same point. The development of 211 of the genitalia is very gradual.) and ean be easily followed in good toto preparations, sinee the diagrammatic nature of the worm, above mentioned, extends to the reproductive system, dikine tke species an ideal one for study. The cirrus and vagina open into the common genital cloaca, which is situated in the middle of the margin of the proglottis, while the uterus opens on the ventral surface, not in the median line but towards the side occupied by the atrium. The oloagae alternate irregularly from side to side, from one to ten having been found occupying the same margin of successive proglottides. The following figures represent the number of such segments before the genital aperture changes to the other side in specimen No. 16.292.1 of the above table: 1, 2, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 3,2, 3, 3, 1, 2, BpRO sp Agedy Lp 3p: 39.8, Bp dei Ae Ay ids 325.3, 35 343, 3, Oi 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3,3 -- ae far forward as the rudiments gould be conveniently traced. The genital cloaca (Figs. 27 and 38) oT, aN a . -s bh at cn Le TT OL ih 8 es ie | ? 5 ‘ bi Th i . ort ALS ‘ i's ih ; ‘ eh } : 4 aes 8 tg oe Ae dies a aes, z By ae a ei Sineagee of. wee oelisoten. pauey at _soedagenen, _eolilnedil A 2ang BAVEKSHY, Cres oInke. ogTad (YLowsaaqhoe: Get) feos: Rand toys vei vr warts Lhame.9 otek et lus yeas exody ten wedeeteod ot of fuamtome) YOR eam digmed md > amd owned & at whet) -ekoteer: ow. aleecov Reoterone , wth, hiv Reh ose ods al td. thee yOL® ; < St ery Ca oni _ 8% #2 exayso sinsidiiacephaile Re tie some add} ethtaigorg ed Re: Ted xogdiae: at onat, apuovemstd | odd 3o emetd toy fenotas Citeet ee aa kger nt 20 sX0L808 wif; to qktyedt aoe}-sanOl, of boner? seewen4 8 mE Od 28 sox® wome-sureder eit? at see oe ange. sexta ak adsetiaoy call avila Ye dmemsoloveb edt > tatog omee: i 4 saaothatiegn 4 otot boos at bevelled yLteus ed aap vie ida sha» 9g sbouokinen sede verew edt te sretem ettann eS a banks, ae, setoede n2it, getiam matey ove soetD Lat key, common. exit: ote one entge- hae: aiden saltte tpeng mid ho aetprem dt) Ye eibhin.eds. ah ; ss thane oid at tom yavative Sortiey edt mo: emogo, exrs sage0 L9. Ae thts alt qd De sqapOe Ndi mt dvs gukved oof of ene most .ahis od. edie mary ethategenak ll Retitocgesg ev iesoooue he wtp oma ott galyqueoe ue of cielo etasmgee dome to. tedeua ed? tasersges sosepdl Pts os o «ob achdedaes ad akte aodto, sé? 08 soneate wus rode Lot a - KB BeBe eh a ek VO yp Rpehee eves pct Revi by Cr ee eee ee eee ee re er ees - ay, avtasmibus af? af hiaeant. ga? ea om Bo 48 eho he mee a " Vaan {86 bas 72 .ogs9) sowolo satiagg eff. «begat? yltestnevace, , Fe mee Tate Pet he oa den A — a. ee Aw) oo is elliptical in outline when viewed from the side, its longer diameter being direoted dorsoventrally, while in transverse seo- tions it is squarish in outline. The dorsoventral diameter, longi- tudinal dimater and depth are, respectively, 70-85p » 40-55 » and 40-60. Into the middle of the bot€oim of this depression opens the hermephroditio duct about 604 in length, into the bottom of which in turn opens the vagina immediately ahead of the oirrus. Since the cirrus proper is = long slender tube and since the exter- nal portion of the hermaphroditic duct is usually found quite tightly closed and the end of the cirrus turned around toward the opening of the vagina, self-impregnetion would seem to be quite probable in this species. On the other hand the fact that the genital cloaca is so well formed and further that it is surrounded by a well developed sphincter and a series of musoular fibres radiating out into the surrounding parenchyma, 2s shown in Figs. 327 and 28, argue in favor of its use in cgoss-fertilization. No pro- truded cirri was seen, however, in the material at hand. Perhpps both methods of fertilization ocour. The testes are spheriosal to ellipsoidal in shape, their longest diameters being dorsoventral, while their cross-seotions are usually circular in outline. In segments where there are as yet only a few eggs in the uteri their dorsoventral and transverse diameters are, respectively, 85-90 pn and 60-80» . In the anterior and posterior ends of the proglottis, -+ they are not continuous from segment to segment but separated by the aggregations of sagittal and transverse muscles mentioned above as forming more or less complete septa, -- they form a single lsyer situated in the her ee tonal ett .obke vat nor? besely mene ee a Oe ooTevemett xt oat bie: Llietinevesteh hetoewsh mated notes qtgnol ,setemglh Lertagevoetob edt somblivo ol dedreups etre: bee 488-02, YRB-OR ,Yloritooquesyese cogadh haw tetemtbf eceqo solsesiqoh eidt to wmlpfeted edt to o Lites edb ornt ee 3 te mottod €4? atel Stored at 408 tothe Some ott Lbox | 4 eter io. ed? to beerts Clem ekbowont BO SY ensveliinn ae a -r9%e9) 68% engi tae edut sobaete ed wh. verry suelo 4 at tup hawot YLiamy af Seub oe toemigemre sd od -— edt Brawot. bavote: Demwuas eweto ait te bre edt nll etiom ed of apes Divow: fied? coz ssqetsbLee. aitigey ont 3 edt tacit toed saci baad tedio odd ad. nezoage. whet beboggrnm sttt salt vedtaw? dno bemeh heros wt ad eotdas eskuoora Yo setsen « bes retosldqu eames te Blt ok eens ee , Brenioad bas basireo! Viqiads oma tee-viitho add Yo ekbbin odd ot teoqqo’ 108 oF OS mosh TSS tt .ei@oltug to roeyad abi? \horit er qmoo «:yfato be ond. --vi1lo 343 lo bale tonal ed? pategocd 190% eduingeo | elalsao es Liz. 09 GOO Oni oto loaga Ciov bas beragno{s ieee . the diameter of which cloge to ita inmer end may be a5 much as SOK}. Thia 4c usually filled in sections with spermatozoa, 2 stream of which canoften be seen passing on into the aperaiduet. The beginning of the duct is surrounied by a poorly developed layer of tircular muscles which are almost absent from the inner expanded portion. The receptaculum is sherply separated from the spermi- duct which has 4 diameter of only 15 to 50} and a length of 0.12 mm. The latter is en almost etraight tube passing in the median Aine from the more dorsally situated reeeptaculum to its point of umion with the oviduct close to the ventral wall of the medulla (Pic. 25). It shows best in transectionsa where ite walle are geen to be composed of an epithelium of oubical cells iying on a dis- tinet basement membrane, and to be surrounded with a thick layor of nucleu and extremely fev, if any, musele fibres. The ovary (Pigs. 25, 26) 49 a somewhat kidney shaped tubulolobular orgen situated in the posterior half of the proglottia behind the devel- oping uterus-sa2c with its coneavity direeted forward and not ex- actly in the median line but slight approaching the cloaca. It @verages 0.45mi. in width by 0.18 in length. The isthmus,which is @lmost as long and about one half as thick as the wings, is located only slightly below the median frontal plane of the medulla. Ova from the same have a diameter of from 30 to 25p . In gramid»pro- giottides where the uterus ie filled with eggs only 2 small portion of the degenerating ovary remeings and this is accommodated between ‘the two hindermost pouches of the uterus-sac. The oviduct com- mences in the median line anteroventral to the ovarian isthmus as @ somewhat oylinirical cocapt 40pm in length by 18 in diameter and Ta, i: tly ue iat mn eee Oa. Gllow ets evade eno Bagge isd til te arate, aT, fs ; : oe : se F OaNo ao paid et tee Se se: tG su bint fen aw Re bono 6 Re. sexed, dosdt acidity. be ebawasmie. « ¢,.o0 Dew ‘acendaiin: t mre cree fered ont Sakded, alitoLaong: edt 2 tO Dhad Aodtutcor, edict Ne 86 down o4 of Yom Lae cored ads ats tole to hits: Me: vetematb: eit ‘ ange lo RESET S- 2. afl ORO sui Loge Ps ts gts Scuhpoor, ae trad Lae yh Saaseee as ne be O17: FOUL iae me mds: wish seo mategen: Bese. of; elas ants se to toyal beqeleveh Ebe wot ps bo hemroware. mt toubonite, ao oh . a ae ee wi si ieee itaale ia es poe Mi i heute a. 2 * ee . A q of ~s Be t cy z e ough. ne AQ LOW BOLoeger . eat a } “duro ge ade meet fotercqep Yhopetee ah owleoatyooen ed? ys Ae ‘ . ‘ thy fa ; ; SL.2° 20. theres © bas. 408 wie Bl ‘thee, Ro; ts MER). eth; me the i. edt. ft Sanh im eps b Shaye ae +h: Pov aif tad “ee wottat 2 30, bike OG Stk od suliaoadqeont Ppheiat te Uifeenoh gros ost oor “ f ‘ , fat livbam aft to. flaw, foxtanh alt oo pe oko toubive. na ite i) ey. Rae, tat gnawed tea, elieue yap tt wed elomeeaxe i i. bea os, ee ralydosoLudyt bequde x ADEM ‘Osa sR. 0 ok (88 et (me fon ies fiawre} de lootkh, uttvepe vO wit > tw Sl be Bay _ 3 tic. Sondfp ad? gaitecsorges tdgile tud-e« eM albert. s t ‘ ei an bite, essa? it oat? Maael tit ‘OL.0 vt G2Hte ak « a8 + bataaat ak @ iged + Me eed Ba} Joid3 & SA, bs 4: Le @ ef eos sao a3 bhaal gots . MK: evo, -eiiutea od? win heaton ‘ce Livan ed nated yids a: ‘ -Qijuiimeatg AL.» wif of OC mot). to, nedomseth.e epad omeegd Boltcey iiagn #£.¢fmo egge Atie HalCst of aeane alt or ode 8 ss moautod betchoungous @b.e14? Ine eshaged! tEev0 seitten oneged s o “woo foubfve .«aT a ore-autetyw ad? te vadoway teoasobakd vee e2 giundital gelvave od! of Javiacvexetas eatl action atten om bau tel omedb wh.OL xd dtaned a2 ba bas 2 yan00 Ban bapa digo. ts f) ' bi iu ny i tof 5 fi ay ¢ 4 wh 4 L Aa wd ’ ; : iy r | i! DM (3 ‘ 74 ? Ve Phy . } a Cave a ie i" Cw AL § ( iy rey ‘ a rh s 2 '# ‘ha 5 i ta 4h j ‘ ‘Tae if lad, eG ’ 126 not sharply separated from the rest of the duct (Fic. 35). It passes ventrally with a diameter of 20,4 for about 50 before being joined by the spermiduct, and then for only a short distance farther anterolaterally along the ventral transverse musoulature before meeting the common vitelline duct. The latter is formed by the union in the usual manner of two viteliine ducts coming from the lateral regions of the proglottis along the ventral wall of the medulla, It is quite short, however, and contains in seotions only & limited amount of yolk, ita diameter being at the most only 20y. The vitelline follicles (Fig. 35) are irregularly ellipsoidal in shape, and situated either just within the transverse muscles, be- tween them and the longitudinal muscles, among the latter or even slightly outside of the longitudinal muscles. While they vary con- siderably in size and, not being very numerous, are widely spaced, their average maximum diameter is about 50p. They form a sontin- uous band completely surrounding the medulla, excepting for irre- gularly circular areas above and below the ventral ducts and organs, in the median line, but are not continuous from joint to joint. On the whole they remind one of the vitellarw of A. arassum. The union of their .efferent ductlets can be easily traced, especially in frontal sections of younger proglottides, since they are com- paratively large and henee quite distinct. In grawid proglottides they have, like the ovary, al11 but disapreared, their function having been almost completely performed. The shelli-gland is a small compsot organ, about 115 p in width by 554 in length, sur- rounding the oviduct just beyond the entrance of the vitelline duct, or to be more exact, just beyond the first turn taken by the latter Pog! Ae ant bi Ee Nis th (88 salt) toud emf to Peed’ odd aon? PORE} GEORG: 4 08 trodes tet #08 to nnd omabh & Sd tery velar iv Be \ eoaetiets trode « ylao 20% madd. bere: out kexeqe: etd yd seater A $1 Uts Leow & setewertesd Lettacw eal anu elletetetoresas, 26 “yd bette? of setter act toa satiivs & cy COO - As. Rats onda mouk -gataos etort onttiet Rw. one he % Se send ode at. edt to Line iii ov odd gaoke btitotaens wath ‘RO emolper: e cary: vino emot¥eee at entedaoo hes ~tevescd stint of hap wt Pie ei) +08 NSO todm of? He pated. totems te wet sifoy 34 eek : St iidbtoaqtits Usalyporst eva (88 get) eekb ti. te) embife ~trg (bitooun setevesert ond) ekstd be ad aed i6 hegaut te F ic avve2o «ot set odd 3o0Ge eaery Lomtiut tpa0s ade ons | tool tiay yest etd yeefoetm Lanthetipnol. od 20 ode - «beouige ¢iebte ote ,sitoteaua. ier gated vom shae este ~aitibon « s ierot peat 9 408 ‘tvodse ef vetoma th. nen WEEE x02 pattquexs- atLotow ad? goth bao Tet peatela : angie has efout: Lettnew ont woled ban eveda exits Wittoy o? tatot mor evornliégor ton #2 tod ,emtyt : oe a oat “\Ewhset> .4 to sompt Letty: ad? to a0 dntmos vodt tliakooges odd al ao foaumpstevanert ot to. ebiatuo oie ss if a. e¢' Sosrro} gated ak ,mod?: pPRD REE OEE, one, aoqu. tool tas | - » pem@ened th, ae agceady. odd. te haw. Late th. edt ae sbeeheaihill | Gor eRaenbors od? ah botataque fossa a8 ton baa rane, ste b 80 ok .,eablixrdtodedoyt? off at e¢ Poant ‘eatrery: xe CLS “ausety #8?) geoul -oft at bere eqs eu90, 6 xo @ ‘vine exe ® fastges xen o6¢ wh 4 408 to eaotiven Latuor tas ‘isto | | Lame liaqkiio sadwvemed pote id Lie al bopraige eave! ache: " ijeguel (lite #xom od? a2 ¢ HOPS to Tetometds « déin ,eall bas $i ce ned? sot® Whaolyotan Satatog -adwemcs atu? ont zt 7 #2 foum 84 .-,020 euoloaqeo-m abt) ellagh} Lita veh. besielas “t 7 7 rsJemalh derstgavossobh ef? te olLogw od? uni¢yexrt ce dheemntd dia cerevenes? fas Legtivd toned odd to ile teomls hua ellubom, ‘| orn , ' ALY vo i ie” 2 ( y ‘ , } y We Wits ae OAT, | vib ' ae Bgl fy f , a | 7 f+ a : i ae A i | ©. ' d nn Uy A et as a Vin) Pe |) ee’ BS Be ee ee “Oe Pa eat Se ee oti gts OF =) (Aw) Co diameters in gravid proglottides. While as acen in tranaveraec sectiong it ie almost entire in outlinej in frontal sections it is divided into from & to 8 large irregularly shaped lobes or diver- tioula, the hindermost two of which enclose the remainder of the ovary and the central connections of the reproductive ducts, as above mentioned. Ventrally the sack is funnel-shaped towards the amail opening which only appears when the proglottis becomes quite gravid. Sinoe the uterus-sacs, even the most gravid ones are not situated exactly in the median line but towards the margins bearing the genital cloacae, the openings form " ... a zig-zag line of minute pores [which] traverses the median region of one of the broad faces of the strobila, each pore being near the middle of its segment." Linton correctly considered them to be for: the Ssoape of the eggs. Anteriorly where the uterus-sacs do not yet contain eggs these pores, -~ in reality the ventral funnei-shaped portions of thebacs, +- are located about 0.18mm. on each side of the median line, but posteriorly they are relatively much closer together, infact almost exactly in the median line. Furtheemore, they are directly opposite or slightly behind the level of the genital cloaca. The opening is formed only when the proglottides become quite gravid by the rupture of the body wall in a very email and limited area, but not of 4 preformed membrane as in the Ptyohobothriinae. Concerning thekgge Linton (p.433) said: "The ova are ‘nearly spherical, with thin shells. They are avout 0,04mm. in the greatest diameter." Those from the material preserved in formalin were found by the writer to be sometimes spherical in i if eet OY ae BOP Pp J y K a ie ee fe 4 A I » Bad raed- ents (ae eff ebxawot got endl. 218 phew Pree nt onbieiin re ck aoe ew elt: seed sets atvocaiut 6 at #2 ‘enoizoee Lataor? m2: teartivo. ai exvdtas toomLa: wt a eee: a : nate to eodok bequde Vsalugetts ogaed 8 of 2 mort ota be 2 04%. 2¢ s8iatemes! ae seme fe tilwr To. one: doom bad eae By btonh se etowbon den ade to eaetiosnaog koxtase. echal 2 oft ehrvsroed beealy Lact ef dees edt yi feu mp E > =p ton @44 sinechtenes ésom of) move ,aoue ~earem wnt et LB: e 4 * si iup seaeoed: ais tofroet q od? sedw etmeqge whee ‘ wt to salt gea-gie ws.” que? egetaego erie ,oepaeko aid oe gab To motnet es btwn edt ceerovart flotdy) j BS) @Lobin edt. Ween 2 tie exo¢d dose sabisones: one 2016 wit -E9% od OF noite horeRlenco vUtoerton sotmts *, wey goa Ob Sone met ws oft otode erottonad oe, beqade-foagyt. feriaey oft Yiloox a2 = seneq coats to efte dose no’. amGl.0 tvode bodenos: OT wm yi ie tevols Soum yLevitedow eta yout ciroivebese- did oat eTamESATAL OnE asthe edt at Tome teonte ; = a = — 131 Triocugpidaria Rudoliphi 1802 : 99-103 ° 8 1809 3: 7, 35-26 Triaenophorus . *. $ 3 Tricuspidaria . 1810 : 32 ° Lamarck 1816 : 169 Triaenophorus RPudelphi 1812 + 135, 467, ® Creplin 1639 3 a ° Dujardin 1845 3 625 ee | Diesing 1850 : 604 ° Baird 1853 3 93 ° ¥Yolin 1888 : 134 8 ® 18Ele: 236 ° Diesing 1863 : 3246 ® Plisson — 1867 : 56 ° Loennberg 13869 3 41 ® Olsson 1893 : 20 . ‘ Luehs 1899 ¢ 37-38 ° * 1899a: 722 ° | Braun 1900 3: 1694 ° ii Luehe 1900a: 98 Tri ovspidaris Stiles and Hassell 1902 ¢ 23-24 Triaenophorus Luehe 1910 ¢ 83 Generio Giagnosies Scolex armed with four three-pointed hooks, never replace’ by a pseudoscolex. Fxternal se#mentation completely ebsent. Longitudinal nerves doreal to the cirrus-9aq ena vagina, close to the lateral borders. Testes between the ‘ | M6 ¢ i aay Use ' * eee: ; BoeL ees (8 a COBL Be - e. Be + OLBs Osi + 8485 pa ass » ete ri > Ld BSS: nae « nee ‘ Pel * & / ie + BAL te 33 Po RER e386. Lat f Bete : SPEI eA Gxt saheHe seat ¢ ao * BA 44008 ‘ ‘ 4 ASF - ‘ a A eS } Cte betatog=0 ede tuot dé be sma xelooP ralveugath onpeasyt tueghoe Teatetak xoloceobues 4 ey hapalqer hein eae -piritio ei? of Laexob oawion fen! out toned dinate + gots 43 qgoersadg Pi eotest a4 TaN amis ty eee Seek ole ; £205 ae tqSobett doxomad " hghobest a xthggrt eeBns tut patna std | Bebe nifce aehnete abwe tt gisdncoed sosald adorn! , fers wifeund one.e ede: -wtabred et j is Oe A , ey i Se! Way“ 5 an 1 « ears Lhan) bos i ¢ a in ) ar ees aR Oe Pe A WU & he , f sh e £2 At fod on ' 5s eee & ) ey t 7 hue % te . Pi ‘ ‘ : iN ; > ey ‘os ws art ’ ay ‘» ¥ vom om o. j ‘ ; , i J fue 4 AJ « 4 4 otnte de > Wee ie eae \ ea leveteal odd 028 133 nerve stranda only, filling up the whole medullary parenchyma, 30 far as this is not oooupied by other organs; a testis free middle field is quite aa infrequently present 4° a pronounced dorsal layer of the testes. Coiling of the vasa deferens in its proximal, almost medially sitiwated part, that portion passing distad to the cirrus- 880 very slightly coiled. Vitellins follicles form a continuous mantle between the aubcuticula and the longitudinal musculature, which is broken only at the places where the genital ducts open. Ovary, approaching the lateral border bearing the genital openings | lies on the ventral transverse musculature, yet individual ovarian tubules extend partly thruout the whole medulla. Shell-gland just aa infrequently median aa the ovary, lying behind it, also usually approaching the dorsal surface somewhat. Firat portion of the uter- us only « weakly coiled canal (uterine duet) which passes thru the proglottis transversely and leads into a large single caity (uterus-sac) which lies not exceptionally ahead of, but yet partly near the ovary, and usually not median but away from the targin bearing the genital openings. The latter also applies naturally to the uterus-opening which breaks thru later. Eggs thick-shelled, operoulate, Type specise: 7. nodulosa (Pallas, 1781) Rud., 1793, Altho, a9 indicated in the above synonymy and as contended by Stiles and Hassall (1903d ; 33-24), Rudolphi should not have changed the name of the genus in 1819 from Triouspidaria to Triaenophorus again, after having used it in connection with the specific description in 1810, the change has become 30 firmly ea- “>. ) i 7 ee Wie Meh ee. 6 ee ee 7: oO ity ei y g nw ‘ 7 , ’ - ” 7 _ ay: ot seeretonetan: esrb iluten elodw ode qu gnbteey: lao sheers, — ehhhln sant pifeot & gemegze. tedte yd Delqueeo gon et tat ver | sound: Ne tab be easement ee tren ong aitnospertat et atten ob bet ii teomic ,Lomizong et af ewoseleb eevoeds Yo gabticd .etest sy _weurezio eft of Beteth pa hove nodtte> tant ttay petauéial % vl a evodalines « mot asic iLion ennttos tv.» hes o \ititatte ve + 4a it BLOC HE Lem ibud ipnoi ott fas slim sduodos ott may 4 RKO. stout Let inow ede ovate went adt ¢s. Naap netosd , Sgte t apscpo tad teres , seit gorinsd, gabiod fer tak edt pate tH. 3 nebietd Lovbiytbat toy iswusetvosem snsevesett testaov a emt Heap tg~LLonta reklubon ofodr ost uous vitang | ashe yilegay os fe Jt fa titel geil (ys and es ‘notion cea “100 sit 20 wolts01 detsT .tedwonop opetaam Caareb ed? ss edt was etal tea 8 dotse (arb datvery) Lease Be fbeo! Wao } Dep hab pigate aguas ® atat sheet bas ‘yhoorevanes? t cabs tox dais. ato hasds ‘kage tte ton eekt do te (D. ebyod ody. mex oun Stns aakbon al Vilma bata’ 4! = / Usinut sn avifaqe oale “otter ot egattara qo fet tang @ Dol tese~do it egal sxatel ons? exer? dette ystaogomom 0 sah hae fr ts nL ‘ U § BART. Pema (FBVL ealgnt) andiubo «2 reekoeqn i K bebesatace tz baa yynomys evita out? at bebsodinsibs ode erad ton bivode Ldqsobutt y(aGsRe # 2@00L) tipeet. base | . ot 2iteStyend ie? enstt (81 at euney od? to oma ods od? atiy aoktnenaes a! 9s heou gabyed r22ty tape J34 i ‘ “so ¢lontl of ompoed aan ognedo oat OGL af. ontd girense +t oft \ ‘7 r Ma . Ree! ' 7 ’ f } * oe oT ae en j aD ». f yt i a ee wwe) eo | md re an a n ct 133 tablished in the literature that it does not seem perhaps justi- fisable to revert to the older name Tricuspidaria which is known to only a comparatively emall group of zoologists. Triaenophorus ap.iarv. (Eigs. 3 == 5118) Since all of the material at hand was larval, not even the earliest traces of the reproductive rudiments showing in toto preparations of the largest specimens, it was, of course, impossibdle to determine the species with certeiniy. Tuo types cf scolices were present, however, and these agreed with the descriptions of the organ given bylvarious authors for T. nodulosug (Pallas) and by Olsson (1893 ; 20-31) and Fuhrmann (1210 : 88-89) in particular, for T. robustus Olsson. It will be geen also in the table below that these two forma were found re- spectively enogsted in the liver, on the visceral organs or in the wall of the stomach, and free in the intestine of the hosts, -~ or 90 firmly attached to the wall as to be deeply imbedded, the aucesa forming a protruding collar around the worm, -- the only exesption Deing those from the intestines of Esox masquinongy and Stizostedion vitreus (vide infra). Olsson pointed out that these two species can be resdily differentiated from each other on account of the situations in which they undergo their devclopment. Whereas the larvae of T. nodulosus am found gensrally within cysts in the liver of the intermediate hosts, as recorded by a number of writers, thoes of T. robugtue »Te constuntly encysted in large numbers in the flesh, -- Olsson having ‘ound them in Coregonug albula and ¢. ofd Seacael ,esisco Yo , BaP tt” gaoutcoage teagesl ez ie) —— wre hn J nt , : “LF RHE radas a), OGG Foam aed oa tests enwdered tt oid: at Bodo t _ peort ef folde x ish icgsp ix? uta sebloe edt of:e sees ot. | setRtgelocs Io-quosy. Ehenp gledt¢pnaqmon! # tune @ P bambi 9 Oem >. wLRy am eenodagmeasee: 0. re ~ ,é €Q4 au move Sct ,devuek sae biked 3 tm Letroten edz ‘te ifs wea ~ eto? 22 eaetwods efasmthot = bee! CLO adit te ees. + teeth ‘ef ~ : J ae te CUE ‘ Je ly ated ioc ity eetcene ‘eae, . cent? Kan (tevowod teoeorg ore" Bsokloos to neque ' asodtine bah tiated ney by nace ed? Yo dott atte ses edt : - asamrdie by: (ke ids—ec0e¥ toes to u¢ bas (eettet) | -solaseal %, od a ste ‘oY |. woeeté ‘puteutes Tt to? Palae 204 a ey x paisio’t Sier emrol ow SEndt fect woled eLdat ods at ef? ni ic enh: gto Icieosty edd Bo ytevgt odd a2 betstene & abd “2 + .etdot #42. to sattootal ost gs! oer bad «doagote ; j j ott , fobho int xfgaot od ot oe (Low bat of a o ete 6 ong *- Aree ‘ed? have A ‘talon ga tars tot * gaien wire hae: Yopos bi}. iiii aoee te sonitwntus oe tort baocd gated & Cem Fp22 Fvo ledieiog goes iO Catia sf viv) gent ty is fawooos at sedto. doia dorc™ bes ebboonstuln Liteon ed ano ‘ack Bi a ‘psotail .brorqdievel «lad! Gprsthay yrs? Holde al ecottect le edg at etuys sidf iw el lasveres bao? sme pun olubes ‘TY ~etesiss te tedeon 2 tC Dat i ‘ve SF eos "esedbeeretnt edt. 16 at extséhus ‘vetal as bhevovoas tlinetenco os + Dated ‘Z. ." ‘9 ‘0 tne slecic gemopozet of wad? Save’. aaved avant ~~ ,deely i; 1 | | | Pane: jee 3 ot. Bo | ee mu Ok Tr? Pe 4 | pa ts 8 eae yh: eae hi 134 lavaretug, Luther (1909 : 58) in ¢. albula, and Fuhrmann in the "p>rachet® (7? Esox lusius). The seolex of the robustus type, shown in Figs. 31 ani 33, is, 29 desoribed by Olsson, in the form of a truncated rectangular pyramid, that part immedis’ely behind the terminal dise being con- siderably constricted and more nearly elliptical in transverse section. As stated by Puhrmann, "La limite posterieure du scolex de T. robustus est nettewent marquée et lea deux bothrias, 1'un dorsal l'autre neutral, gon tres profonds ... " Thia delimita- tion of the scolex isa emphasized by the fact that immediately be- hind the posterior border of the bothria the dorsal and ventral gurfages of the body of the larva are distinctly coneave as are also the lateral surfaces, quite diagrammatically in fact,as shown in the figures. These concoavities extend farther back for a few millimetera and then gradually flatten out and pass insensibly in- to the convexities which togdher form the elliptical outline of the eross-section of the middle of the larva. And the writer would like to cmphasize here that this wag found to ve a constant feature of a11 the material studied and not simply due to any possible logal collapsing during dehydration. Altho, as shown in the table the measurements of the whole seolex are much smaller than those given by Fuhrmann, as wight be expected, it ia chiefly the structure and size of the trident of hooks that led the writer to consider thie type of larva to beléng to 7. robustus. Fig. 33 of one of these compares very favorably with t!ioae shown in Olsaon'tsa Fige. $1 and 32 and Fuhrmann's Fic. 3, while the measurements (ace table) Guite agree with those given.by the latter. The base of the trident a ee ef ae “~~.5) es atin aie pee eee waite! laren tee Ye eta be: at To aotioe Pe ¢ rt od ‘ 3 ~~ @ fa , ‘ 9 dias / ye U ee aie, RAE i ve # ae'2e On aha Me 2 , te ane eo 4 rae i ,, Am OS ee eA) ea - "4 ety a a r ‘ a cre edt at nmacredu't thes! celeste 2 wi (06.4 Boer} sodtud’ § (gu host zoe “ veo 20 had Lo seyrtat weds ger aiiteurion el? 26 xeLovt ‘eit? saiucgetoot LeGeomunt 2 %6 wro% act nt ,nawelo yd bed sade si ‘ -aoo yuted oft Lentere? edt’ fats od yiers ES apanaid tray tent ‘ baa enxevenat? mi Lagtiqtile Yhnaes orem Lee dete steno Rc xsloce vb stuptsodecg ot beth ae” necomedry es betate ah > w ny £ yestuddod xweb evl Pe ebupcom tomer an dee ws oad Iwi feb ei? bes wteatiton nent moe “karting obits ? ~0d yladaiboush ted? toad ofS yo Loatesdgne «2 aoloos at ) ie. dauv das Laerol ‘elt ekst od ott to, rebied soltoi ed ee. +) wid 06 svaomod ekteth qip eriat edt to Mod oat o : - Meade. 82 f0e2 at, Vikeottanmargndh os tap eocetawe | : C¥ wot 2 70%. #o.d redduet has ine 0. Deepen ovodt hd —: eah yh Sieabogt BRAY bine t10 aed ak} yiteubery ana? hen 4 0 oni ieie feo eyitto ont are? serttenod do Law. ectee steel Jaatesoo o Of of Brows cow ott? Sadd sxvod ozies a old itneeag Yao oF out) ei: ate. tou fee hettute Lebieteia r nN efdat oft at @eode ow ,ossth .molterbydeh gulaub gateqess i scoit awd? tyliewe dovy ete 2elems efodw ed? tq ef memetee rie ezufounis af% Hfinigo ul ti .detoeqne od tdgie ex caamstst sobience of tettvw wit bol ted? edood Yo tavdiat ede 10 es to oso to GE pet puiteudon «Lot gabied ov evsat To & uf -op it s'soemlO at deeils sso.t délw yldazovet Yeev et (eidead sem) ctosmeiceece oh? hide 6 «ot eT aanmalt Spe as i he ¢nohixn! odt Ye eset paT .tertel add ve. wath foods ite 135 is comparatively long or deep (in the sagittel dircetion), henoe the specifie name according to Olason, while not only the full iength of the larger hooks but slso a good deal of the median ones project thru the cuticula as the functional tips; in Fig. 33 which is from an alcoholic specimen these are seen to be darker than the basal piece. The following measurements are given for compariaon with Fuhrmann's of adult specimens, which are placed ahanntile, the data in parentheses being of the opposite trident on the same sur- face of the ecolex in question: After 163.1 163.2 15.47 360,1 Fuhrmann Length -:147,50m. 123.0mm. SSam, 79mm, 310-370mm. Breadth | 1.07 1.58 «Askk 2603) | 4E,8 Length of scolex 0.98 "0:96 1,07 0.88 1,24-2.3 ‘Breadth of tern. dieo. 9.77 0.83 0.68 0.74 0,95 Breadth s@olex oaate eriorly 1.05 1.07 1.11 1.11 1,44+1.5 Width thident » 0033{0,30) 0.50(0.30) 0.326 0,25 0,29-0.32 Length, mediad 0.25 (0,34)0.23(0.33) 0.22 0.33 0.24-0.28 a externally 0.18(0.18) 0,16(0.18) 0.18 0,18-0.19-0.2 Meagured in Ie¥e 0.4. Toto Alcohol Olsson spoke of the larva of 7. robugtus being provided with a narrower oylindrical "cauda" as in cortain Tetrarhynchus larvae, and gave the length of one as 120mm., whils the anterior portion was spproximately 60um. long. In only a few of the larger larvae at hand were the remaine of euch a structure seen posteriorly, while in lot Mo.36 (vide infra) many had appendages of varying lengths ani degrees of distinction from the fore~body, a fedium large one, is, sg a ee ae eomed, ,(moltoonsh fait tga odd mk) qo: — vier dtetao8 iis? of? yino tom efadw groseld of gntirreose ones ortapoge. acio melben odt.to Loeb boog. 8 onta. tit ethoed. seogzad od? 20. Molise Gh .g2P-el sgeaat Lasegtpau oct. ap adn Shue: ect, ‘esa sone eat, xed? sottah ef, ot. neon: ete Bande KGGLO9. ZG. rane te aon ty7m96 Tet. cer ly ove ye mie 5 Ot, patnctiq?, ‘egT 2068: eae ,thienmeis Seoaig ete do ddr ,osomicew ¢iube Xe, i | -twe mse oft oo taakizs, etieagan 22 ‘Re witog mbeedten a: :a08 Beep. at xokone, oe teofta | / Pew e Tt . ane anadnae% £.085 Te.8l S,Ser Fae 3 Sc ee ee ee wad-BO - #008. FEL ; - elves colt eee ee i. Wf , S.24E 6 8E.0 MAE wee 62.0 ”” gelooe Me “ROE HVS BB” hae oF TOY" eke cee Ea ; | ie | eit ae: tog 3 oe 8. £-t.2 ff. £ Sint “wet a0. 4; & N ¥ 1OLEO oy RBGMr28.0 BELO, BBe0, (Ons@ME.6 Toe. o)uaua BE. O-8.0 EhvO. hyo Lea OMeve{ed.o} Bese - | BvOBE. OrOL.O. B5.0 (OL. 0) 060 (81. 078RO qicoannone LodoolA of of ,#,0 «By ae date ReB or, gated Gubpuvon ip awa oii)" Te algae voovirs gutompdesafoy alsttoy mi ba “base” feo tsbaitye eT aaw noltros tobrotite gd? 5 ftde , BRbRl we sno Te dtpoot odd $2 etal cagxat edt Bo we 2 eine Gt” Lgaok tod xlotba 04.48 ixolistedy ane oxutounk® ¢ dome’ 20 on tines’ ed o198" astyaol sabercy Yo ebyetpori Sed ghee farth) etty) oe, , SiG tal Mghbak.s celta ia? moat: ‘AOtboalte te to. 907 bed Peet M4 136 for instance, having these messuréencntst Length of anterior portion, 48mm., of cavuda 24, of soolex, 1.163 width of fore-body, 0.56, of cauda, 0.37 (3 : 1, -= Olsson). On the other hand, the other type of larva which was con- sidered by the writer to belong to T. nodulosus, is characterised by & much shorter, narrower body smaller at irregular intervals, owing to differences of contraction, into nodules, whence the Specific name, and by a quite different scolex provided with the ell known form of trident (Pigs. 24 to 37). While the latter and the scolex as aeen in surficial view agree in essentials with the descriptions and figures given by various authors, ¢.g., Rudolphi (1810 ¢: 32-37, Tab. IX, Pige. 6-11), Wagener (1354 : 36-37, Tad. 3, Figs. 17-21), Olsson (1893 : 20-21, Figs. 38-33) and Puhrwann (1910 + 96-89, Fis. 1), 4% oannot be said of the material at hand that, a3 stated by the last writer, " ... shes T. nodulosus on ne peut voir anoune limite entre le soolex et le cou au Bothrioge- phale ... ® For inlsteral view (Fig. 35) the bothria are dia- tinctly separated ?rom the beginning of the vody, altho thie is, ag just mentioned, not nearly 30 apparent in surficial view, As shown in Fic. 34, the middle hook of the trident does not protrude thru the cuticuia, since it is the root for muscular attachment, the upper median hook (cf, Wagener) which does protrude in the adult, being evidently not yet developed (Figs. 36 and 37). Fora short distance behind the séolex the body is somewhat rectangular in eross- section, the sides of the reotangle being, however, slight- ly convex and not ooncave as in the robustus type, and henge not go very different from the cross-section of the body and farther Pegs Were meme Co age cata: ee ST an ea my he ea. is ae a) ne . pas iy a vi ; if Te \ ee 7 i r y a " # : “s | i 2 iy | MOE 10K zoekt sins) lo digmed tatgenenomsgs cnsdt: soiree tonstast 18 is ai ie fa oN “7? : ai 4 i | $0. 88. O .pybocactet: to debts 26l. . ae heoe: to evan edoao 6, i ‘ a | Bes: Beka a 4.) Nelle. « Qe sonia 95.0.4 me ie MOO. CLR 6 lite gveet to weit teddo. ry (heen pedite: eahento wail a w so ‘a i (Rea lretcrands ef yovealabor 2 ot ysofed of Tes suw eat xe be jet otal selagetts Je tetiiae vhod tawe nen jrstsode: ie rg iit ednede ytelohon ot Ah) pmottsortaos Bo Lenerateeiil bite dtiw bebivong Kees Siere Tih stip .« ye tea ona baie, hae Yetval add eLsdW . «(RE ot Be -cprs) 4 taebeas te mx? deo odt uein oletinosee nt. Conga toly Letediaon se seen es. ote _) btqhotet 198 Prod ta ware Bae ut ae wv te essurpt?. bas @ fo Re + 8 weet .%e+08 4 ees) eRe Long: Ayit BE .de? re 4 reenetot bu: (28-68 ogi Chas 2 GOBC ) goons (18 Wi has go Se totem: ed? to” ‘bheg ed * onan bid (i aft 00-8 8a ad sreofuhen .T ee de ea . ted few dent ast we be negientadeo8 oh goo of tel YoLoe #2 ottan ot intt ose + ‘met gee ceedttodieds (88! 0) =e tv Lovet ades oT a s8iish odt{s hot « oft Yo gaiun igad iced rox" saci, eh ,wudy, Geloltsor af taste 4 ts on eit CE Zon here ete ebuttoiy setreegh Jae ist aft Be stood Ofhhia of? . 8 . yh i wal « : 7 ra ot $-Ale ie . ‘ sta af . $ Gi: ; bic a4 a = pia ad © ff J sh La d ¥ it 7 = 2 ‘ : Ht ise ¢=:4H0 typ 50f (Ve wet OF .saglt) Loxefeveh fey fon ylfaebive sat wd eit al elem@erg eat doldw Fesaegs? .to) dood ns thom * waly Ad Pe 5% f ¢ Ore Du 7 % 4 ae xolek ¢ sit? ho Bad. Ria: tb | ~fdgife .1¢verod . atte? eigaatte:z ed? te aghle of? 1a ktoan =n v< cool Se your? euleudos eff ‘nl #2 evenabe fea baw’ % pew } “ioc ot Ye Hoste wa~ey one tit nowt Peso rAd 3 v ig" , q : ert ‘ a me. Ltr 1 od Rs hal sea a Ean ‘ , 4 : e. iv (eh ats A ee ; «| _" lh i x * : ag : 4 é 2 7 a, 1 Laan Pre.’ pe , ys : y ‘eR a | PAT! yp ed | b 137 back. But the material conteined in lot No, 53 from the inteatine of Esox masguinongy doce not setriotly anewer this description sinee the body just behind the scolex ia slightiy concave on all sides, Otherwise the specimens are distinetly of the nodulosus type. It should be mentioned, too, that one of thia lot showid a very short wut distinct caudal piece, which with the general stout appearence of #11 of them may be accounted for by the possibility that they have reached the intestine of one of their final hosts, -- altho no other specimens were taken from the Maskinonge, -- and oontin- ued their ievelopment. Likewise a few of the spewimena of lots Nos. 102313 and 1.B. 38 (vide infra) were provided with short gaudal appendaces. The smallest example of this type and of 211 the material, for that matter, at hand wae No. 188 of the accom- panying table. Altho it is only a little over two and a haif millimeters in length, its posterior end ahows that a portion, per- haps a ouudal piece, has been torn away. The following table gives measurements of a number of specimens of the nodulosus type, similar to those given above for the robuatug type, with Pubrmann'a data for comparison: ie After 123 53 152 188 Fubrmann Length Piece Piese Piecoe 3.68 130-180 Breadth at Middle 0.61 0:37 0.48 9.30 2. Bo4 Length of scolex 0.88 0.863 0.55 0,55 0:98 Width term, dise. 0.48 0.36 0.37 0.31 0.37-0.49 * ecol. post'ly. 6.64 6.37 0.37 6.86 0.67-0.6 -* trident 0.18 G.16 0.38 0.13 0.138 ie © medially 0.14 6,139 0.11 0.14 0.073 Riis * externally 1.12 “G.09 0,08 0.10 0.0638 Measured in 0.4. O.%. OW. OF. a * ‘st oN Ys @ Shes @. 957 See VS pa " / i ; _ ) ti it le a NB Pe U \ a 7 “hae + i : ee on isnatal attmorx? 02 0% tof nt tenkahaogilabmohed. oat daft ; wf | Goale. mo hi jesawed, GAP x ewaMe ylides fete fog acud kates tupeay & 283° . ie) ofte ile co ewan yitdgita et Neteos oat Littsied tem, hell : $Z.. i > ae. eeu i) | ee ee oted serhy geal tee wtf t@ than edt ,ned? ,elodw ode « ete ice ie pon yldedor'y vad ef apitroms at ated taae woe -gbon «Tf accqoxn® edt atin Lepltabht toa 22 of betalor ve Vo -Lodeltogattelh yiuesla aoad evad do ite eet nuges ah stevens .(£% 1 0285) odeul ve how kagooon, oats fae (ores) | nad us cal 6 .PHomArKte CAEP FOR SoPzoEY aed a, coy oy The material Lot Host Type robustus: 56 _ Esox luctus 36a " 36D _ 35e 4 163 ° “183 n 184 " ‘te F 163 Lota maculoga 15.47 “Lake Herring" Type losus: “ 91 Peroa~floveteens 161 188 Wioropterus as dolomicnu 125 dSatostonmus - gommersonii Eh8bd Notropis deliostus 10213 "White Bass* ON,Ss28a Stizostedio 40 Ss. vitreum 63 Esox masgui- money Location Intestine ? ? Intestine ~ 7 2 In liver Wioeropterug giomieu On viscera 139 studied is here listed as 2 host resord also; Locality Collector Flat-Rook L. Cooper Muskoka,Ont. GosHome F., " Muskoka ,Ont. Go-Home Bay “d tt t n n n n ft " Off Giant's n Tomb I@., Geor- gian Bay, Lake Huron. Lake Superior H.B.Ward St. Lawrence F., Cooper Troquois, Ont. : Go-Home Bay " " Rn vr ? Georgian Bay " ? Charlevoix,Mich. H.3,.Vard Liver ? " Stomach wall New Baltimore, = Vich. In intestine FPlat-Fock L. Cooper . 7 Go-Home FR. " Tom Sf me bets * Re wo UF tA ae ot Le oe ee 7 4 Fe ban PE 2 Metall | a up ee a A t bea od cyt ‘ a) * ater -m_ é w al ” S60 ic ode ached 1) SOnenvtaal .. ££ - a 4 * al Fe ,ehoupes] , ae : “nh 2mok-op J e z ad g ig itz 5 - So ty . Nek at f 9 ‘ Ly he Fae 2 A Tan e ezan Of Rafiuts. Lefeotes. adF nt ond Hots aoa ' HRLIWAT aA, onitzes tal tagpot nt BAQSe ere} core" ’ i- 7‘ sev it Stoonly at . a . eur atcorete.) © BO LNG LD a a «<9 gviectieh afsorioR @ *sestl ss ecw* doznott | Shy 4o7 iJ ‘zat missed by me) co a 140 Family 3, PTYCHOBOTHRIIDAE Luehe, 1902, Scolex unarmed, with two separate and more or less strongly developed bothria or exceptionally replaced by a paeudoscolex. Ne ok absent. External segmentation never absent, but frequently incomplete or obliterated thru secondary foldings. Genital organs humerous, but only single in each proglottis. Both surfaces of the chain of proglottides, apart from the genital openings similar. Cirrus unarmed, with oleft cuticula. Opening of cirrus and vagina behind the uterus opening, surficial or marginal, in the first case on the opposite surface to the uterus-opening and almost median. No muscular bulb at the inner end of the Pr ae Reeeptaculum seminis, when present, has the form of a emall bind sack situated at the inner end of the vagina. —s and shell-gida median. Testes in two lateral fields. Uterus never taking the rosette shape, but usually forming a oapacious undivided uterus-sac. Eggs thin-shelled, without opercula; embryonio development in the uterus and in consequence of exhaustic production of eggs (out dependent on the time of year in the case of many species) all the egzs of the whole tapeworm are at the same stage of development. _ Sexually mature in the inteatine of fishes; larval condition unknown. In his first diagnosis of the family Luehe (1902a : 326- 337) emphasized the similarity of both surfaces of the strobila (on contradistinction to conditions in the Acanthophallidae), the unarmed cirrus with cleft cuticula, the peouliar coecal recepta- J 20@L ,odes! SAQITANTORONOYT? .€ qLinet Waders seel 10 9708 bee ofagagos owt dt ty »bostaad xoto0t . «keLooaol reer a YO Lepelgqer tiles toqeone: ao: ntuared I Sogo ‘yd@aecupest) ted ,eeeeds towen notte aomgee Ladastom -tmende enoygio, Let ined . .egedh iot Ywhicoee wus iptaret tide to eto to eteeizue.cdio8 8. ebttofsor, done at efgate vise. vug | a on reitmte sgaimeqo Latiqag edt sort treqe ,eeblstolgorg Yo 3 aS ‘ anige¥ bos suitto Yo. gateeqd .akuottap #2ako tly , dems as 8820 vax th ont at ,lagigren xo Letettaue .gataeqo puretn. 4 P 7 Hetoom teomls heat gninego-ayzets ed? of epetsus at teo9 re) nu Lipad gener Qugramiato od? TO Bae seamd oa tm diud oy ) Letaust te - aoa tug Mises « “ te ao? edt ead (eheseed eits shetben dely-i Lage bins raw .eaigew edt to bap x8, ettocox oat geidet isves awnety. -eblelt Lerosal on? mt eggt .oae-eri1ety bebivis Sere. esodoaqte. & gaimzo? vileweu 30 evcotu edt at snomgolerob otuoyusae jaluorege tuodt sy (bed taakacqeb tud) pape te fettouberg pAteuadxe to eos ups ay (es to egye ec? Lie (wetheqe wiam 2o: ene edt. mt 189y. i € tremgo leweh Yo eneic ocean of? ta ete sroveqe?. ; ut folitknon Lavael jwenett to maltacial odd al etutem yllaunet a ~G6E ; e805) edewd yhdesd add to eleoagerh tats) ete adi alidotts ait to ssoetzwe dio? Jo yattelin£ge ad? bes ‘i di. ,(esh tifedyod? ao A et? al paclithnoo of ao toate Lhextag ~styo0e% Laoeee t4iLaosd, om) .aluo fue #YeLo ditty cuit 9 4 Se 8 ee a i culum seminis and the absence of opercular in theleges, but de- _geribed the uterus as follows: "Uterus nie die sogenannte Rosetten- form annehmend, wohl aber in der Recel eine gerdumige Uterushdhle bildend, welche die ubricen Genitalorgane, ohne dasg freilich deren Riickbildung eintritt, buchstablich an die Wand drangen kann, indem die ganze Proglottis in reifen Proglottiden vielfach als ein ein- ziger sackfSrmicer Fibehdlter mit verhaltnismassig achr dunnen Wandungen erscheint." On account of the fact that the uterus of Haplobothriun was found to answer thie description in that it is divided into a uterus-sac and uterine duct, while the remaining reproductive organa are distinetly diphyliebothriidian in their nature, the writer pointed out the difficulties in this connection by saying (1914a : 3) : "As a matter of fact the whole question of the division of the uterus into distinet regions is one concerning which we oannot come to any definite conclusions since, to my knowledge, there is no adequate description of the developmental relationships between the uterine tube and the uterine sac in those genera in which they appear." The conditions in Haplobothrium and Marsipometra have already been disoussed above. Here will be given the observations on the development of the uterus to which reference wadmode. In Bothriooephalus scorpii the lumen of the uterus-sac appears suddenly and with a diameter of 90y, the rudiment ahead showing as yet no signs of forming a cavity. This enlargement ia Situated at first, however, inthe cortical parenchyma and among the longitudinal muscles, only the inner tip of the structure in trana- sections going tnto the medulla. Just within the inner transverse Wa) ee A | Fe 2 1_¥ 2%) ee > _ ll mettesnoh etandaspoe od ia epuett :ewoflot es sutety ed? bed 7. i, » iv a ee ue * i ee way 4 c- a x it . Tey Ti a , i! ‘Sr Boh 2 ' cP fs - i | are ~eb tud ,epwejeds at seiuezego to socen de ast’ ‘nas elniteen: sty eLdddestes 0 eniavitas exlt Legel wel afreda Lfhow -baemei sects i mearteh dp tites? Sexb omic yonay grated teed oreg bee okb edolew (Rn mehat ceri. aspide® hae¥ off “ae Wo2 ieesowd «td ifute sasbh, ~aferate siz deosilety Gebkttokgors notieor at. eltiolyort 8 ; > “eegeui>ise gieeing taeiidier 3 in xbt Lbdee 22 rep.twaétiowe ae To ehtera ef? Teds toast ef} Yo tacos ao ‘ *y batedeese rhe ai v2 hese hi sole qgingeeh efi? seveRe of bavot paw a | gtlniane: si? slidw wWowb eatrety has bas -euesty: 4 ota 0 a tull af metbi idtecediydqih yitouttert ota SaagtoO- evs sortoseion o hid nt wetehwo TLE chk two tetatod retire oct to aoktesuy slodw Pre jo settem 4 ah*® ; (s s apren) "4 gn iatébined eae at earine: touclt#etib etal emreia edt to node) Ei tpn ot (aorta, éddsieconse ef? taties yas ot ome ton ’ . Ladtonqoseveb sce ty nott qitoweh eteupebs on el exedt eas seodt at ose emitads sft bax oda? entity odd Aeewtod om 7 wbrd? odo lLgse GP @aQ22ihcoo oat § *yGe8qua todd dokied 2 : “od {fiw otek ,evota Soeuuon lh eood ybavtiia evad ar? oath : do idw of +uaeiu od? 20 taenqoleved oft ao cao ddevevedd @me .ouseaw ‘tome ofs-setety edt toe memet et? Ligroce , uy ledgend tun? of ar Si bodies tanathss oft , yOR Yo tetomath 2 dé ty bas yLaobbap r ei toehegteine sii? -geivac « gnintol to engte om toy sa om¢ paomd fae naydont tec Ghebiroco eff e) ~revewod torkt ta -etate ml exufoutie edd Yo Get venns att vind veefoeum | cetovenurs soant «4? gidtie fect .elivbem ast otng wettea . " t i? 4 i - , au ) o' a. 4 ; J @ b ‘ Aan bi Cars FUN | a ‘7 , iz 7 > ee -. | 26 A * Py a oe 8). Be a ee ede ete ’ rye \ tea ae muscles this inner portion of the sac is joined by the uterine duct which with a diameter of 30, elsewhere is here only 8p in dia- meter. Furthermore in the genital rudiment of the next progiottis ahead there is a distinot demarcation between the aggregation of nuclei that will form the sac and the axial rudiment of the uterine ‘duot. The same separation of sac and duct with the narrowing of the latter just before entering the former is present in the follow- ing segments even where the first eggs are to be seen in the lumen. Thue the eggs must have passed thie narrowed region which is a great deal emailer than their diameters. Stiil farhter back where the lumen is about 165, in diameter there oan be seen not only the situation of the sac in the cortex and among the longitudinal muscles, projecting 2s yet only a short distance into the medulla, -= altho here the bundles of muscles are deflected peripherally, -- but also the separation of the two parts by a narrow neck only 10, in diameter. B. cuspidatus shows the same distinct separation of the uterine duct and uterus-sac in the proglottides where there are already a few eggs in the latter. In Clestobothrium crassiceps gondi tions were found to be quite the same. When the lumen of the sac attains dimensions of about 60 x 35W and is lined with an epithelium which takea the conteratain more like a cuticula but shows distinot nuclei on its surface towards the lumen, the uterine dnot opens into it with a distinct reduction in diameter. The epithelia of the two are, however, quite similar and continuous, the nuclei being located insa similar manner in both. Progbttides ahead show that the sao is formed by an enlargement of the end of the duct, which takes place first in that region passing thru the gor ee ee “toub aaizets edt yo bentot of ose odd Ro montzog. saain’ pkdtvat . alien + G.gine etod of sradteerLe wpO8 Yo apteme th: attr des aistolootg taen at Yo tagmtins Latiagy eit iak eremrede cdl» i to aolteges gga emt meewted mottsoremeh: ton tin sh a wtoetnde. 4 | i : iF enlrvety ed? te Poems bars lutxe id foe ote odt grat iste stadt - ‘ me <-) gntworrna edd hte dowd baw oan 20 aultereqee emes oat oat ~wolieh edd wt daonenq et nomrot off gakrotae me teat. | Monk ett ak Rew ed-ot See oTQe PAD emt oTeMy MOVE SF a 2 | tag ai oti nokges hovoitan etd? Dooney avai taus ey ‘eis erade, toad weteirat Lif . covedumahh wiedt made acca. edt eltne: fou moor ‘9d san wtost: sg oma th ot J) BSL tuotenm fenthot taaot one qinoaue bat xeds0o odd ak ose edt. 18.8 _atiieben edt otal enaarett trode e-tlae tay 28 galtost wWileredigite, BetooLteh ers eofoaum Yo eethaud edd | AWOL Yino toon morram » Yd ettEg ont eft to poner ss | to MORO A Ss. toaiteld onoe silt avode seishiqeus & . te : ated? evedw Keble tolgoxg ous ai naneeangae bas. toub ae sqrcheeare sulndte Setaelo ot srettal nde mt wae veh s 0% “et Yo roms oft aoa . amon ade etiup ef of bavot 218m, pitt ne ditty beott et bos eas 7% C8 ducts Re sooteneaib nied tid eluotiue « otf exoe gteterstnos ef? ested, dotde wat 4 enizeiy ed? .cemul cit ebuewot onstuse ett mo ieloun tonite 7 4 oaT .ietédmeth of aoltoshen somite th a a3 te tt otat, ro venom td top bas tellinte etiup ,.tevercd | ous ors, od? te, sebltrport .dtod nl sennam zalkeke weak Detaool aahed te " Yo bes off Io tacmeyrelne ak Yd hemo? at cae ode sa oat wuld gaiedsg aofge: tad’ al tert epely eonat to Lie y . f ai 8 iY ae a A ait ; ‘0 ok . + be bi “ yy 1’ oP te oy : 143 cortex quite as in Bothriocephalus. Thus we see that the uterus sac of this family is quite different from the functional enlargement of the uterus of the Diphyliobothriidae, with the exception of that of Haplobothriun, Since at all stages in its development it is sharply separated from the uterine duct. But as it was not so much this exact separ- ation of the two portions as thé constant presence of a "Uterus- hohle"® in this family and its absance in the other, where the *"Rosettenforn" is more common, that was emphasized by Luehe, and since the structure in Haplobothrium is distinetly ptychobothrii- dian in character, the funotional enlargement of the uterue oan not now be considered to be of such systematic importance as was formerly believed to be the ease. Subfamily 1. PTYCHOBOTHRIINAE Lushe, 1899, Soolex with two surficial sucking grooves, which may be modified by considerable growth together of their free edges. Genital openings surficial, those of the cirrus and vagina dorsal, that of the uterus ventral and ahead of the other two. Vas deferens strongly coiled, dorsal. Ovary ventral3 shell gland dorsal. Vitelline follicles ususlily in two lateral ficlds in the cortical or medullary parenchyma. Testes completely filling the medulla, mostly marginal to the longitudinal nerves which are well towards the median line. Occurrence : Exclusively in fishes. Type genus : Bothriocephalus (Rud.) Luehe. et dup at eink bid? Yo wie parce tat ott Pade: wb nat eit to out ety est? Ye dmomegretie feaottonst eit a aL et od oLegwit Lan $08 to! Sok con ne: esd) AE Im sub bindteces| peterson Viqeeda of t fqemgalanny etd’ ag cathe tha tar | -toqee Yoors edit dow of gon saw 22 we dam he .tomt ombrons I | -eauedt" # to pomsesty tasieace Bd? 4 enok? One, et ¥ ede exede ctedée edt at sonante: bade Dae ce amet elt 4 ne cag yetau! yd benfeaiqne exw tod? ORO otom at * a30% he whtmigodose yt Uitootterh at aut! oP ob za8 st sraseurte: ra “4 : son at eset wt? Lo tavneytsiac Leno tte au’ od: mete: de 7 “a? een Bs city obtamete ye dows ‘to od ot ” doadull O81 covt ~ ” tedtennt 188 s 8etL “saan -atOS 4 ORSE ntiewe 8 3: 00tL weer ,0ce , Coes (‘és SS Oif-fOL : SOG ~— telesobul “OS 2 OGL o2cd -S < ORs TebeS 108 + OL6d idgiotun (BED, i 04k 1p haebed \Ob » O4BL Sts owed +68 ; +08L medentises “P50 4 Beas mbiere|ot “O8l ; 086l eebened 1850 1855 1856 18 56 1858 1858 1861 1865 1867 1878 1885 ise9 1£90 1891 1892 1895 1895 1897 1899 1800 1900 1902 1902 1902 1902 Dibothrium punctetum Bothrioc. punctatus bibothriun plunctatum Dibothrium punctatum Bothrioc. punctatus b um cta Dibothriug punctatum Dibothrium punctetum Bothriog. punctatus Bothrioc. punctatus Sothrioc. punctatus Bothrioc. punctatus forma bubelidis Dibothrium punctatup Bothrioc. punctatus thr - Punctat Bothrioc. punctatus Jorma moteilag Zothrioc. punctatus Bothrioc. bipunctatus Bothrioc. punctatus cotti Diesing Baird Leidy Leidy Cobbold Molin Molin Diesing Olsson Linstow Carus Loennberg Linton Loennberg Matz Loennberg Olsson Linton Luehe Ariola Braun Fuhrmann Lchneider Schneider Schneider 1858 1861 18635 1867 4878 i885 1889 1890 1891 1892 1895 18956 1897 1899 1900 1900 4902 ae Lg0Za; L9O0Za; 1905 75-76 ° is S08 -: ‘O¢BL 88 . César Ohh 5 C6BL 5d +. S8ai Vel 3 adel ,66 +i 3 86S 9 eval URE 5 S884 88 3 Saas ofS + O8BL £3 + {eal 804 + B@GL +O + ceed OL : 868i" OGe « Tesl ces #86 : OCel ee as ooet BOCs #fL 3e308i1 AGSal 3 oe? : Os 3 s880@4 VoeL anteaid briaed voted voied bLodded ello alLom saieeiG ndeaio woven iu ata - atedaneod Ege ro tatd RBtednneol aoe gtedruteos mosaid BOdmLe osieinl : slolta siete as aorsriisd te 5i6adoJd ishtenitsd teStacuicd 148 i910 Bothrioc. bipunctatus Luehe 1910 : 26. Specific diagnosis: With the characters of the genus. Large cestodes, up tp 950mm, long by 6mm. wide. Scolex,large,elongate, with prominent terminal disc, widest anteriorly; Length 1.0-3.5mn., breadth 0.5-0.5. Bothria long and narrov, shallow posterior ;, First segments subcuneate with weakly prominent posterior borders, longer than broad. Middle and posterior Segments much depressed, former very short and broad, latter relatively less so and grouped in twos or threes; lateral bdorders crenulate. Ripe progiottides 2-4mm. wide by 0.2-0.8 long. Strobila usually incomplete poster- iorly. Cuticula Sin thickness. Calcareous bodies 15 in diameter, Inner longitudinal muscies in fascicles. Six chief longitudinal excretory vessels. Opening of the genital cloaca at the bottom of a dorsai medi- an longitudinal depression ruuning thmuout mature segments, ona low papilla in each proglottis and half way betweeh the anterior and posterior borders. Vaginal onening immediately behind that of cirrus, Distinct ductus hermaphroditicus present. Testes subspherical, 55-70 in Giameter and 50 tO 60 in num- ber for each segment. Vas deferns a compact mass lateral to cir- rus-sac and opposite the uterine tube, 0.18 x 0.10mm, Cirrus-sac at right angles to dorsal surface, 115 x 120 x 75-808 , extending only a short distance into the medulla; thick layer of nuclei vithin its wali. Cirrus proper,notprotruded, 65 x 15», Ovary compact, tubulolobular, O.35mm. wide by 6.15 long where uterus-sac is not greatly distended. Isthmus onlyventral. O@capt S5u in diameter. Viteiline foiiigies in two lateral weak- ee ere a), See roe ae aie, i- - 0 coz. : ~ . ¢ : 3 ’ » oy ~y ioe. Mey ae , f ; he fa ae i ro ee 7 .a8 2 OL0E eeu nom cpatarca Sate .cumeg SAI. 20 2te3beTeO ens dane " gadsongelb, oEadoegs ,Osagnole watel,xelos2 .ebsw .med YP god ymmoae Gd aH mobo «m3, 000i t Meeael seirolewian Jeobie ans Lente’ <5 aa ~ * < -Ruvlveiaog wolieds ,sovtan dns snes aiwites at 10x80 ath =e satebuod wo ite3a0q tsealeony Yiisew Mtia seenuniiua ainamgea beaaerqed sioue atnomges woite eng bne edibdae , daewg, oni ie | hequots bua oe aasi YLeviselps terial ,deord Sars, Jtede ade a ashi tioigo% eqih .etsiuners etep10d. Letosal resents /10 . 01 £ My -t93aeq siviqmeoal Vilewas alldort2 gaps, 810-8. O eee sate ‘g ' Tesemele of yes sethod suoernoted -seominkss nt eS tusk Lan tbuttyces dedsio xe -2elekoaei 2 sel oaue Yeuitia sok a otben aaa & te Hos tod ed? te soe0ia ‘dedladg, ons Y- ee Ae @ ne (alaenges ose: duroiumdd potoust medaserged santSu tohr0ins edd tisensed ‘Ss Biadt Bra etirolsory does nt a v us 7 ‘Qo $ndé Boicded ‘ersttennt gatheco Lactys¥ ~etebred sonnel .Jaenete aul $2 bo-rg-aerr edi agtowh tontsard c ly united fields on each surface, 350 to 540 in number, 55-554 in diameter; vitelline reservoir small. Sheil-gland large, 115m wide by 0.85 deep, median, close behind cirrus-sac, Uterine duct vaodu- minous on both sides of the median line, closely applied to ovary behind. Uterus-sac spherical to flattened anteropusteriorly, 6c- cupies one-sixth of transverse diamter of proglottis, alternating irregularly from side to side, or often quite median, Opening in middle of sac, ventral and well forward, formed by: the rupture of a distinct membrane. Eggs, 66-80" in length by 45-45 in diameter, without opercu- da, forming dark brown maculations in ripe progiottides as they show thru the walls of the uterus-sacs. Habitat: In the intestine of the host. Host Locality Collector Authority Cottus scorpius Denmark : Mueller Mueller 1784:6 = 2 Gry phswald Kudoiphi Rudolphi 1619:139 ” a Kais.-konig.- Leuckart 1819:40 nat'ilkab. ws ’ Ireiand Bellingham Bellingham | 1844:254 . ° "Oresund e Olsson Olsson 1867 : 55 Berg,Sweden ’ ° Norway Loennberg Loennberg1890:22 = = Sweden . * 3891:51 : yi Grafverna and Olsson Olsson 1895316 ‘ Naset,Sea of bahusia « ° Arctis Ocean wn e ere ne-- Linstow i901:281 + ” Gulf of Fin- Schneider Schneider 1902:15 land baa So ae ar tt ee eee TUL ee oe a A ‘ad 00-0 ,18deun at O2d ot 006 ooshwie atee ers Nodbns ebie Bil ,egitel bneix-fied2 Llane alovreses ontilesty rrosemaiy rar a aa {ak -uhdv Souk ealtesU dan-eurtto brided 6acls halpen .go0b 28.0 | ersvo O38 botiqqas Yiewscio ,eakd asiooa eas to debia diod ‘te -36 sYitolveteugetesus benes seit. o8 Laotredgs ona~afhorU oa v galvantesia eli soigorxg to tesmalb serevanetd to daxte-eno 7 gnissqd ,welbem etiup mesic 16 vobta os ebte mort ee 4% ormmaqurs ei jyd homo? .btawre? ifew baa iets 4288 mas iO Tego. suoditu ,tesemelb al &e<-c6 “i dagned at 08-00 oh ios. + % 4 cots es ‘@eSlisJeisgotg ogit al eaolsal soem edd a300 rhs .doae-eutesu edd Yo alley outs | : re ‘ iy ee ‘~ 3200 ed lo sutseednt ed3 al isetidell , z ye eh ; : — GE PSVL te8lieum . soiiewi - évomeed aulqmpoe | GEi:81Gi idgichua Sagiobua a se, whee gabe ; 328. 7% bod - aba | weet ee een + a _ atgnts ioe meydtiiea ~~ “‘baaloet ta. #6526081 ; ar ale’ rT > oe vie ee G8;3aBi xace2id ~ goeelo 9 Saveot0" bee S21: 0@ALg1¢ednnv0d atedaneod yawr08 7 le:ieng* -. pebews A ote i» GF eee) A ere ee Oe ee) Rhombus maximus North Sea Hs barbue@ = w=$<=-<---- ® saevis "Cresund e Berg" " “ Grafverna and Naset . maeoticus Odessa —- macu- Martha's Vine- Bothus maculatus Woods Hole Limanda ferruginea Block Id. Labrus maculatus Motella mustela Mullus barbatus Solea monochii Acipenser ruthen- us Scorpaena percus Paralichthys ob- doneus hota vulearis Baja clavate yard,Mass Gasco Bay,ile. Woods Hole WoodsHole ” “ "Oresund e - Berg" Koods Hole Dvina-Fluss Black Sea Nicoll Volz ®@lsson Nordmann Linton Linton sa] Coll.U.S. Nat.Mus,. " Nicoll Volz Olsson Linstow Linton Ariola Linton Goll.Net.Mus., Ariola Wash, U.&.FPish Com, Linton Wiiliams Linton Olsson Coll.Mus.Vien, Parona id Linton Apriola " Coli.Mus.Vienn. "™ Volz te Linton Danilevskij Pilat Anguilla yulgaris River Dee,Scot- Scott land Volz Linton Linstow Pilat Scott 152 1907 :72 1900;:55 4867 355 1895:16 1901:281 18903752 1900:596 18973450 " " ~ 1900:596 1897 3450 190}:284 19013485 1900:596 1900: 55 1901:484 1905:19 1906 :191 1909:79 - ae ole Eo on # eee hac -BuntOeL =. LLopin ilooLe Soul ison pumtzee us 7 + 83,008L aloV Sh’ siov ee ce : aa / . “ * ’ é Ap eee 3 T98L qgoe2io.. oosalG S bauest0 elves. =~ . Ee, ee 64: S881 : | * Sea satevtet0 eae £88; L005 rosenid gam to a SEV; 0eSs nosnid meinil -eat¥ a*astsxsit| . 2688 aay «Seb: 000 aloitA nodald eioH aboowW ” O&S:NeGi mosnid ae a, Met re ee H" SO Lfe0 pee P | CoM, Iai es Ah iek t, ae "sald, ved-ooasd ; © * e VEE e | eLoR Bhoow fi cy om ; af Seb:o0eL ~ BLolté «20M ,J 9, £00 anne cena ¢ rr ee eH ee ee #64;1061 aoindd ~ BOdtredd sick aboow Qi: S0@i wosenkd [idavelioad savli-sniva eas dae a | @ : : fi; 900 falls teasid 202 woald | pa GVs80CL $2008 13008 Sreanyeng, evi gis , ; : Ae) Sh ie a 7 a YS ie i 7 oo ca 2 , a a ‘i A e v4 1 bs So i Ps tg Be ae aba rs . ? ? Decapterus puncta- Woods Hole Reg- ---------- tus ion Hippoglossus hinppo- Be ee diyoxocephaius seneus en ene decithspinosusgcto- _ Spe seca etnies Secims pinosus Palinurichthys perci- 0 | eee e enn formis : Paralichthys gentetus ne mene ne Pseudgvleuronectes FP eemecthcch teens americanus Scomber scombrus Se ee Trachuroos crumeno- , woen------- Urophycis chuss 8 eee we Hemitrinterus america- Passama- Cooper aus quoddy Bay, Kew Brunswick . Brandy Cove, " St.Croiz R.,N.B. , “ Hoods Hole V.4.Edvards " groe landicus " " tt ~ lyexocephalus geneus "“ : 153 Sumner,Osburn and Cole 1915: 586 " W n ot] " " ” oy rT] "8 " " " ? " vw ” " " " " " N i" ” cb " Cooper {the present _ ne eet “ i wa / bee ameded, tenmua _ $88: erer ‘eiodu * ee. 2. ~"?s . a a) et a « w “ 6 . . ef Co » a “ ".. rn. , =. %8qooo0 “txeaaq taeeetq ot) . —_ ; - ” > 4 ° . - ’ 5 ao ad a ‘all ee ae : 4 un @ ao aes | a “3 ¢ “st .- ob : 7 a > ' ’ : +a ie me ee oon aboolt =a . 2 Sao ~-3— =< eee Naa > > oj : a ~“——* ee ee= “ths ene et ak Ce ee) & = ae “eee ta: ae bores é* = -. *, - . ~y > . a > “ee ee we ee a eee oes » fe J Me F: > 2 i \ eenwreeeesey ot eB Soe *, : ; ey “ 4 ‘4 ‘ ‘ ® S28 + ewe eee as a sy # © 8 var kl tare eee ~ | @ eel, fa Tae ~ wigs vore+a 2 “cal a, fl alow.13.. a ‘eins ok > loti sboow * 3? ry eS a : Vv - y . ‘ i? _ ‘ ‘ n be AT a" P Ty: ' “ ree ° - : a 7 cf ‘- — A As shown in the table of measurements given below aost of the specimens of this species ranged in length from 50 to 240mm., while none were considered to be complete posteriorly. The smallest measured 28mm. in length and the largest 677m. The scolex assumes a variety of forms in preverved material, but agrees in -general with the descriptions of the organ for B. scorpii by all the authors from the time of Rudolphi (1810 : 51). Its commonest shape is shown in Figs. 38 and 39 where it is seen to ne quite elongated, somewhat broader and truncated anteriorly and narrow posteriorly. The anterior portion is in reality in the form of a low pyramid, comparable internally (vide infra) a3 well as extern- @lly with the termina|\dise of the Sathedvaherbaets Its base is deeply indented dorsoventrally, that is opposite to bothtia, but rounded laterally. The whole acolex is broadest at about its middle and naroowest at its posterior end, a portion of which is here considered to we Neghentoge of the first segment on account of its being in all the material at hand set off from the rest of the scolex ahead by a more or less definite groove. The bothrium is in the form of an elongated V, being ordinarily widest and deepest just behind the terminal dise and much narower and shallow- er posteriorly where it is not bounded by a definite wall but spreads out on the base of the scolex. In many specimens, however, the scolex is so contracted and the walls of the bothria so pro- truded that the latter shows its greatest depth at the middle of the scolex. In lateral view (Fig. 39) the s#olex is more oval in outline and a little wider towards the base. From this fact it ie conceivable that Muelier's (1784a) Fig. 7 showing a more te teon woled cov ty stacwoneaan te ofdat: od? at sina i ie 5 ieee ; + TORE OF 02 wort digrené af bexnes eetocge. ett te eae ef ’ Geollege off .ylrotreteay odoL GmOD ‘oe OF doredtenos orem ss ‘i aeieoa edt aE TTR: deegral odt bas d2gaet nt. rt si Hoctye auc Seteiain hevreavetg xi emro) to Wasser 2 Liga pics 93 «8 TO) aagro edt, Ye amo 33 bxoeat at Adds, : tecnopmon ati >. (48 2 OBE) Liiniotal Yo omty cits aor 2 gp tup $h of aces wi th. pspaw Gu bre BE ogi atm ote of WOteG bas Ylxolietae betavayvrt has sebeotd ie: babi @ t@maok off af yPikaot ates. aottzeq solietaa act _.yttod awed ee Liow as (ertat ebty) Vilewtet at oiddaaanon, 5 re pss of ‘ened eft. » Oantrodgonesist edt. te os tb fantarst aq dé Ferd abtaaod as et fvoggo ek tact (Ti Lestaevosob beta ao Skies «ee fvotr ts teabsorg af xolooe sionw ed? Ph o8 t z _ ot lie tate to aottizo7 & ine bias beak, ett ta teeroaten | > taudoooe Go taemgee Jerk odd to: 23a rgd fed of besehiem To dior odd wort Tho dds back 4h bined ed? ta ata i ced ws bask od ad? ~ovoory stinited esel xo st0m 2 °yd t = f bane teabtw tiisantiso gated V signin wollate bax vetet.a doun bite o Lb Leatiret edt habded | Tod fier witnttel « we debaved fou. et #2 esode ght ,Tevowed .edephooge Yaw al «Eefeoow od? To enad net. ao owe ~O8% O0 etidsod sdt to efdaw ef? baw bes oars nov ol et to elthiw od to adgeb testeeny oF2 evodse tettal edd sont | Lavo stoa ef xelLome edd (86. .929) voely favetal ar’ smote o2 to) eis? zoTy) =. ata od, ehsasot sebhe ente ae 4 bas nit etos 4 yolvede FT . gh (eaene) oe sii Leu mae anlage deme a eb ‘ 155 "orbtoular" scolex in B. scorpii in iateral view may be explained by suprosing that he was dealing with s much contracted specimen, altho in justice to the other side of the question, it must be gaid that the first segments in his figure are by no means con- tracted. It will be noticed that the figures of the scolex given here agree very closely with that of Seott (1909 : Fic. 3, Pl. V), altho from the fact that he records B. scorpii as having been found in Anguilla vulgaris, it is quite possible that he had in reality B. claviceps (Goeze) which has been found only in eels up to the present, 30 far asa the writer is aware. Segmentation begins immediately behind the seolez, so that there iano true neck, altho the base of the scolex has the appearance of a very short neok region from which the foremost segments are out off as goon as they form such in facet being con. sidered to be the case. The anterior part of the strobila, however, serves the purpose of a neck in that it shows 2 division into sub- segments in a manner to be presentlp described. As regarda the habit of the whole strobila and the general shape of the segments, Rudolphi's (1910 : 51-53) desoription of the species is so appli- eable to this form that it is given verbatim: "Collum nullum. Corpus planum, margine orenato. Articuli capiti»proximi plerumque long- issimi, augustissimi, subcuweati, margine postico untrinque parum exstante, saepe tamen, praesertim post mortem, contracti, ut reliquis vix longiores apparent. Articuli insequentes anticis breviores et sensim latiores; postici subsequales, fere PEAT) oer had 45), L i ne” Os! | i se ol Fy - * ‘ p oe 7 oS ny eh "i i) ‘ Ab Ms = ? } ‘ Se " a oO es rar. 4 b- ‘ rs | Deakigkaxe’ ed! yam we.ty faredag- mt Btgroee 2 at psec Ee ne @tdloege Letosttace' doum eo Geiv attach all od teat yateo awe cs ag ftom tim solteous ont Te. ebte redto: odd or: -eottent( nt a o4 ne f “HOO HBO Os ¥s ban ett fi eid a2 etheiegoe text odd tade | g wert selope a2 TO eviegk}? off Fede beotton od fear Nek 2. ae ae ant ‘ ees) toot to fade dtcw qouolo rier: eorg ; feet guivad ee Livsoey ‘- sbrovet bes eadt ost od? a 2 Pars. S ae ee ak i hi ie ie: at Ps 1 F i vee . { a by wr oe a f x ak pid of Ped? fiseog ef Lue > wet atiantoe aii sah mf Pe @f hee at etno havet aved wad sp habe (sHeed) esgo ivan © i‘ 2. eo eS uae i r ta risus ¢ cex sapint el Sor ow oat es tat op ene tedd ve ve ieee * out? bis te led Led stheeut satyed avitstas 7 Paty ed? sad zelooh sit to goad edd ort La oon suit 9 j : Sie i i a. 5 Seow eds do. haw, word hd tyor foen erode: tren al rae ak nog. pated tect at Aas zrot yedt al aoo8 oa ‘te toe ot ro welt doxte r to ery rolwotas bach +9609 eat “9 a ‘ovat note ty th ‘ erode: or tod? m2: fon a te oom f J “4 odd ophvegee eh 6 «bod tton ob U€roorerg ad ot semper - | Dros a Ed rsMQEC edt to opie Lee aay OMT hace alidorte. lode + %e ~2lqge oe an estooce ont to nokictivest (6-08 t orex) « rstiaduey evs ‘eh on ver ono ‘okt of y ‘ saigiom (a me fy ganyted » wey lL msi Le0* Z oa A “1 64 he emnel eanpmarxe ig ton brea +t Lerew sive S078 orgaeee ie Mf oo" co ltuey sulgzan Hh aca » imtes ff angus i totea hie wt@esesaitgq .cemst? autde , otaatexs ater innit 9 ' soto samo l “hy ipties far ehfont taco’ Tee oder” a2 eortetiveid oie lian, botmoupooss wp een a7 evel ,eeLaupe odin te tteo4 teorote at. tenon ra ' »! ‘Pe ‘in » “a i, ee ae " at ant ye Arne , wi ; oH ’ 4 F *.. ght 9. > Sine: cpeeree mesbathicson tinh maa 0 tepmoneg: i) j 3 ’ ‘ 5 . ee so) (pa et a Y lie. i. iigzrose .g@ odd 20 aitdetie bedtzenet (ere : eaer) vbted : otvadas, «O08 nile heein cal ee agels gee tart at eal 7 ‘ i é 4 ge hom? “a \ Ho ae 2 Jeuhs ap @ono wolteteoq izalugae 278 ‘32 otacp oo y ‘ 6 “} ‘ “mtncuge: je ent de be ves key i ue cord to _sonescegg oa oy Ji iF } ht) it, wi . ~tsa0 4 2 10 swawoo oat st botat rege opis on oneg. to ateq , bythe: eo ee "Tay ® of e i ¥ ms co 4 ! 5 ‘edt 30 dee apt ont—a tneay vont horefeo At » hepaorged | * 07 2 al tutb restock to biae (Tae “4 e204) biodsed bo tdi k fy ’ 7 os BS eee ‘ edt aa babkeo- ~O8 oda mn ted romos ad? brawot® ‘s ad ‘ _ site e 2 it te pac te a01t xt anigtes Seretet, oat ts bats od9 at %.52 nt ods ebzarot teatheb. oxen ilgeterp oes te? of gafth-ooea " a, selotive eel seh ovégo'es Lip olservevenat? aote ivan al taqe a tolecotictiivu et herretes souls (Ae : coast) speed ” ‘ "if iAd griecaseo!d .seg6 weble to sotsivih eo reyenet b ol staem . GR , tuo hotaiog. a2 ded ,ataoag io 2 o tamed ate e Lae bie Lieb (on f 4: Pe 7 ‘~ efmedties siutea tole deo + cule ot video Lbare hand A ncft, 3 a ; « ‘ are & a ne oY, eal): o Rms - ate tanec’ rae 15S? of this form at least, not to the middle segments referred to by the latter. Linton (1890 :773) said: "Secondary segments appear at about the twelfth segment from the head, These are formedoy &@ division of each segment into two by means of a médianntransverse iine. This is repeated farther back in much the same manner as described under D. microcephalum." In this form such subdivision of segments to form daughter segments waa found to occur all along the strobila from close behind the scolex to well into the region showing the median row of reproductive rudiments, and in such « manner that, in the anterior part of the strobila at least, what was considered to be a primary segment, situated between the most prominent transverse furrows visible, nn subdivided into 3, 4, 8, 16 and finally 32 divisions, each ef the latter accommodating two reproductive rudiments. But it must be emphasized that this method of formation of new segments is only approximately followed out since, ag it passes backward in development, the primary ség- ment does not always contain 64 genital rudiments, deoause in the first place some secondary or even tertiary transversefurrows be- come almost as prominent as the primary ones, and secondly, because at the same time there is considerable further subdivision not only of the peripheral tissues but especially of the rudiments them- selves. Close behind the scolex the primary segments are very short (Fig. 38), the first six to ten being divided only into two aub- divisions in strobilae of moderate size, but into three or four subdivisions in the largest chains. Farther baék this more or less regular manner of segmentation takes place gradually, but division is usually seen to ooour more readily and quickly in the anterior ™ oS = 7 - “ele Y dou at bee sseaombows ev ttoutorged yy yor asttes i: anor te “ net slid sit mos? subinian Payee tat tae ' @exeveder Mia tbhn w Mo dmace Wd eet oth deeages dines: ve wodalvih 1S SOT ie od¢ doum ak: ay tedtra? L perergs@ot eat woltelvthdus’ doet ms0t eine al. " .puledzepe mote - 7 webas & gaole ile swooo of Savet gear: eFusngse tapdgaeb olson oe: et 9ge he . oolpes oft. otal ELow oF xe L008 ont baltded eepia: nord ete : | . 7 . ae ' vai ; " ry at eon te i wid} suds pextesdaae od om et + tuaaied ork - bewed for Ulotamtxonnge viao et eruomgee wen to cosraaie® ¥ ei vi i ' gbe . yctes bee ode sdasagoLaved at brawiead eoseag. tt e , 80 to. ve say at eeseosd yotmonthor Let tank 08 atstacs evant te ee -ed one: tu? sorevanetd TIslssoe Reve 70 ‘tabadooe © eMOe BO. eoutout ,eihacoss one ,9en0 rianteg edt se tasmtnarg ee | Sty yime gon anole tvtiadue sedtie? olgerab lence el etete eat? : i ¢ a : -aunt wtaemiterr eat to ¢ELezoogee tud eacgon tt ane Prods Yiey ove BhetmpeR YronlTy mat xo Love out babted et G | -dia ows ofa? yine bebivis gated got od tte teak oat” «(68 tge0% xo sordt off2 ted . eats wrarohow to ealidotte at eee . seel io di0m stdt sOad xeditst =. ealado reopnal of? at’ saotes nofteftvibh gud ,vilewhety coelg eota?d aoldatnsages: do recog 4 i rolueine edt af ylidotep hes yee eto 19000, of “gees | he ae ee 2 RES AR ; ar a A a oes Tp 5 ; ee ee Re PON! ik dy 158 part of the primarysegment or of its major subdivisions, i.e., secondary or tertiary, than in its posterior part, -- sometimes, however, the reverse being the case. Thus in general there is a sort of dominanee of the anterior end of the segment, which one might osl11 a zooid in the sense in whish Child uses the word, over its posterior end as regards metamerism. While this method of formation of segmenta is further obscured by the fact that often one seema intercalated among primary segments, showing these features well, others which seem to lag behind in division and @re henee younger, and that in much elongated strobilas it is still more difficult to dintinguish between primary and secondary transverse furrows, owing to their peing quite smoothed out es- pecially medially, the whole plan is sufficiently clear to warrant its being described with the definiteness here given. Pigs. 40, 41 and 42 will give 2 better idea perhaps of the whole néthed of segmentation than thie description. While in Fig. 40 the primary segments are indicated by asterisks, in Figs. 41 and 42 the whole drawing ig in each case that of a primary segment. Under the heading of the reproductive aystem below it will be seen that in the mature portion of the strobila the most prominent transverse furrows are described ag coming approximately every eighth or six- teenth genital segment. Thia is due to the fact that the secondary and tertiary furrows, respectively those dividing the primary seg- ments into two then four parts,become quite a3 pronounced ag the primary ones, thus making it impossible to follow this system of segmentation beyond the region of differentiation of the genital rudiments. - eds b) ynatote dethelur Totem .ot 2 Be ie tamer ale LRang segitemoe deed totuoteog et mh att exe tiued 20 § “a exem? Seteges a; avi? . .aeso: eit gaged secever ott a? < One dot memyoe dt De haw: ngtrot ae ott Rai sonctisel' 20.4 F toro .Roow. off eeew iLkeO dotiw at ones. odd at nedbe: a: Shae | £3 Xo bodies eidt efiaw me breton’ 9s ehyages, popen voters - andte sod? 3002 ald ye bax wondo ‘veabeeet ot as “RO ” \ treet Bt iworte vetoommgan sana. atoms deteinonstat » | Sie Boletesh at batded gel ot mses dg ide erodte “hk iit $h enitdorte betsyacks dom mt thd bre opmnrey . TEelsoose bes gxamlag neons ed. deiveaitate ot Fhe tvtEb' neh tate: beds oon ethup yatod aed? ot gaiva Be an taguide ot 2e0Le. witas ior) tie at ual abies oat Cikesb ; Oe segit .newty, ores voonet tatisd ods ad tw bed inoesb gi 220 ‘Bods em sfouty ont, To oer sebl sotved 4 wis sia eesti gig Od ogtt at oltde sottytrwosb elds andy elon eit 82 ine Its epdt, ot: ede Ttetee we: Soden tba Yat | eit tebe Premgee queming «Bo tet os26 owe abe nt fade seen od Like tt wolod moteye “ev etoudorges: oat eeisve ant Preadinot: tsos edt ailsouts eat Ro’ meatcog 7 yy ante “ib ADingy. RIV) loses iaoique. geiees wy bed towed CED oees ott Feld toed ed? ot, eb wl elaT ° .muemges kate “EOS YIeatig edt pathivi? ond? Vlewttosqes - evolu Ly ie | . fi D od? ws» heenuonotg ge af tup nant ae. GPRaR 21107. aettt ot ) te moseye sist wotlo?. of oid iesount of nites dinad « kavines s4¢ lo aolhe tiaste%teh to ao.tyes oatd batoyed 159 At least three prominent longitudinal grooves run thruout the median and posterior portions of the etrobiia on each surface, even cutting thru the posterior borders in many places, but their course is not regular}; they are ascompanied by numerous other shorter and nore irregular grooves}; #11 of which, however, do not seem to be due simply to lateral contraction of the segments, The following table gives a list of measurements of representative specimens in alcohol from the material at hand. Rumber of specimen 196,12 196.2 196.3 196.4 197.198.1* 198,2* Total length 234 173. 208 Bl, 677.833 480 Length of scolex 1.20 1,07 0.81 2.141.221 5.00 0.85 Breadth of terminal dis 0.50 0.33 0.26 0.33 0.28 0.29 0.27 Breadth at middle 0.35 0.33 0.50 0.37 0.32 0.12 0.28 Breadth at base 0.38 0.87 0.24 0.35 0.26 0.11 0.16 Length of Seg. I 0414 0.16 0,09 0:38,0,33 1.88 0.44 tength of Post. Seg. 0.85 0.46 0.357 0.57 ? 0,54? 0.81 Breadth ef same 1.83 1.18 0.537 0.98 ? 1.70 0.99 wiximun breadth of atrobila 3.50 1.60 1,05 1.87 3.35 2,80 © 2.61 “Stretched during fixation. ; | Since Loennberg (19891 : 52) deseribed the cutioula of the species there has been no mention of thia tissue in the literature 30 far as the writer is aware, In sections it was found to be Sp sn thickness ani composed of two laycrsa, the outer of which is about two-fifths of the whole thickness and is made up of rather stout, closely set "oirri" which atain much more readily than does tugumts Stars. ‘pewbor ‘3 Lenthae kynod sneataory nena! sees te Coe ie Hoes Me alidorte esteto eno tirog. ee ® ptedt tug bees Le Yasm sk ete Syd volssteog ‘ont wtatd as srt Nore a ‘edto eLiets aon ol betnaanee Cid Oa ae: p Yelena: tonne « be 2 Jom, of prewerad: o dgtiie ‘Do fie puovoorg: palsy. exet: Brow bees ae wal Ak galt: etasmes bm ont Te aod toevenoy Lanotas ot Vigan ard. oto of ta i een wrqoT to s taone TEN: to fehl o voirty aidat y 3 ‘1 ) hs bis eal » bend hides heotsetan edt sort - semaines ats ' © ¥8, 96h 44.808. Net a.er-2.028 $.000 2,000 | ORE MER RE RB BORE CORE Ngee os “" tema 260: 00.2 Bh a 6 ROO} R065); OBUE «cv meen be RB Qe BS r B80 BRVO BEF, 8840 B40, 0840 oeith® Esabened: 29g @ . KEc0 4860 FELO 08.0 88,0 BELO to ened oe ee a iE BBL | BE LOLBENO 80.0 BLO aer cat de gel | dQ tan 9 #80 188.0, 98 Bo 8800 6 sya GS ORE) 1) REO TAeG!Rss se 4 6.£) 08,8 G£i6 Se.k BOL OBE 0848 eitvere eine aye oe agent gt tah) sedovense™ é > er % edit Ye a Cages Lt mg ef? Led !toesh sg z 1B) xedaqped ous | etufsredti «dt ab esee lh? alice DO go ftass on geet nad ora. 7 42 $¢ of baubt owe 2 erolioye 22. .esaws el rot bay ‘at eh ; ' ( ‘§ ul? ‘ tr * eL-doldw to xotue ed? pesorsel Ye to i oe is ¥ ‘e d Lie ~*~ todiex lo qt ehem af bus aanado las eLode od? De Beasts ~¢ i Le OOe sy 6e0! i “ad uEthae e70S dose atede dntae arc0® ¢ MD if Lily ef. al Le al | 4, ‘ Wy 4 f x] +a as é a < * 4 ud : 4 ay T\ uw pean oa) Sieur ® ie @ eg aks 4 a ¥ fen Ww ol? rae 4 y a 160 the inner more homogeneous and lighter layer, These oirri seem to lie on a diatinet membrane since their proximal (sentral) ends are all even and distinguishable in aome places as dark granules. In sections stained more deeply than those which show the inner layer a9 a aipgle homogeneous stratum, the latter is divided into two layers, the outer of whieh ig less deeply stained than the inner and about one=half as thick or one-fifth of the thickness of the whole outicula. The wavy nature of the outiculsa and the bage- ment membrane were found to be as described by Loennberg, but in many places the membrane isa aeparated from the cuticular muscula- ture by a very thin clear space barely distinguisheable with high powers, The scuticula covering the soolex was found to be about 4u thick, the difference between it and that over the prorlottides being due to a thinner homogensous stratum. The outer layer of the cutioula ia not modified to form apinelets on the posterior borders of the proglottides, as in C. orassiceps (vide infra), nor on the edges of the terminal disc, but the pseudocilia are somewhat longer ani relatively stouter on the scolex and anterior segments than elsewhere. The sudouticula, from 25 to 50 in thickness, has the nuclei of its spindle-shaped cells arranged at various levels 30 that the space between the cutioula and the vitelline follicles is, excepting for its outer one-third, well filled with them (Fig, 43). The chalk-bodies,described by Loennberg were not studied in living Saterial, but spherical spaces which were occupied by them before they were dissolved out by the acetio acid of the fixing agent, were found to be more numerous, as Loennberg stated, in the Le ' * a a ~ = en ee ‘ise \y e o6r So My kk . “ : 4 Bier Iti exalt \ 161 gortioal than in the medullagy parenchyma, In the sgolex they are somewhat more numerous than in the strobila, in both of which locations they attain a diameter of 13. Loennberg (18@1 : 53) gave 3 good description of the mua- culature of the species, while Luehe (1897a ; 747) referred to that ef the postcrior border of the proglottis in the disoussion of the arrangement of the muscles of the whole order. In adiition to corroborating the findings of these avthors it was noticed that the fibres of the transverse series are mostly confined to the very short regions between the sete of reproductive orcans and are most Rumerous just ahead of the prominent sermental furrows mentioned above, this applying to both the inner ani outer lots. Towards the medien line ach layer of longitudinal musoles is about 35 in thickness and composed of bundles of various sizes in which the fibres are very clossly arranged. The outer longitudinal musoles, the extension of which into the poaterior borders of the seguents immediately behind the scolex are only weakly developed, are con- fined in the scolex almost completely to very thin bands situated close to the cuticular musculature in the edges of the bothria, as described elsewhere by the writer (1914b ; 93) for H. giobuliforme. There is also a weak series of longitudinally arcuate fibres ar- Tanged around the e@ses of the terminal diso a6 in the latter. Loennberg (1891 : 54-56) described the nervous system so well that little needs to be added. It was noticed that the fore-+ most four large branches from the breinamplex were not relatively as large as those shown in Loennberg's Fig. la, and that the com- missure appeared to be divided into two not distinctly separated fos ee 2 SS vend “usloge. edd at somydosis tag shptise oat: enauilinng ee: | e doidw. io dted af.,alkgoste odd al meds. suoteaya S108 Fedn ones. a ‘ Sl De tate hh a. ated te : edt anotaee 2 Oi, eat. Yo w#ohqisausot bn0g motweg (64 ¢ L865) a : tad} “ot Larnetex (tae 3 sven} edowl si abe yeotoae Ment, to. ‘ od! To. goksecteti eat od el0taigotg +47 (he tebrod roltrteeq: ‘6d o goteetne at seebrze., atode on? io soLoe 9 to: oI _— font bao Bon ven $f exodtvm eardt Ye egatiats ond wuttens Uroy. ont. o¢ bea Tiace. yiteoom ete estrage eatevanst?: sat. toon Bm trom oue bas eaapee er isoudorien to eter edi RasHs Od . Ganokiaen anoxset Lei asagve tacatnors d@ Yo. bands. ts sijarc? - .2tof setve Sno weant odd Séod.08 apalysaqe 2 4 | 8G. tues eleelotas Lap tkwtignol to 20yat ‘dos vemes - ath ; ont doze ol peate enolsex Ro seibaud to: beeoqnes. bas | 1o eokgeya fan thet tgnol s9¢ve @6T ybepaerte Vor oto vier. en a staggpee edt to esebiod redreteod ed? oval dotde Yo me one " ~80%, ere. stare seved vliser ‘tiag ote aolooe edt boted hotaut te sired aid? ysor of yhetolqmen- tcoals xedoor \« ec ie oy } iY a ea) | Di, i VW . oer eps 7 RR . Pantin ; tea Uae wal 163 stood out as very distinct silver threads. This sort of pre- paration is unfortunetely not permancnt, since oafter a few minutes all of the oagjols disappear, exoep ting the largest which can still be followed as in ordinary toto mounts. The results of thia some- chat unoertain method of demonstrating theexeretery canela are shown in Fig. 44, @ camera lucida drawing made while the oaials were quickly disappearing from view, Three of Praipont's large "oanaux descendants” can be seen together with much of the anas- tomes among them and at least two branches to foramina secundaria, The largest and mo@t median canal was found to have a diameter of 5Qe. But contrary to what was stated by Fraipont (1881 + 9,;11) only eix of these main channels were found close to the ventral layer of longitudinal muscles in the meduallary parenchyma and not gix for eaeh face. Loennbsrg stated, correctly 1% seema to the writer, that their number is very variable aa ia their size and course, the whole forming a complicated reticulum showing the typical “"igland formation". As regards the termination of the ex- eretory vessels at the posterior end of the strobila the writer was able to gonfirm Fraipont's 1881 : 10-11) statement that: "Chez un sujet qui a déj& perdu des proglottis, lea grog canaux longi tudi- naux sont rompus au niveau du bord libre postdérieur du dernier segment. Les uns communiquent direetement avec Ltextdérienr, les autres ne sont renfermés et se terminent en aul-de-3a0;" but no cases were met with in the material at-hand in which it sould be considered that no segments had been lost. Towards the seolex the @ix vessels gradually come closer and closer together until in the firet segments they may appear for short distances in two sets of s seiq To tow DLT. «wbwMyat, sevbin toa ite ts wien se tuo & , estunin wet # aetle. somke sd eomamneNe. toa ete Pocsaboreraa wt notte U Lh bed han deliv. treguat edé uate TPORH 4 BHogqseth atalieo, ult coe nome s tht Be atiueced odt. setupom of ee xu sagt 2 bree iene | ee bewos exw ei. me (sad sore ndt gaMvtaytamoudl to kite Pntoticons te alidioeo ed3 oltdw ohen paimeord nb toatl temas: add, fesiee Sursl wh ai text Sqowo sat Pett send oaAlnap008 ete ba oma wd. 6 parce hae tet te wet ioe a ad sia0 ay sh | Labawe es: na sm az at osiomwat onda mate talc os * Lo-rwtdawES acewaiet havol mewn. Lames asides on ee: | { ££: a toy £OGL): taoqten® a betates von: tad). of woxtae, 5 F pect Pass wht. OF, aaoio. haus erew efesmude Bion awed? vo a8 s ‘ton atin mayo ne am | Peal ewihon, ast? ae eolonsta sinh 0 “ ) edt ot emer ye xiteeszon ,detate: guedaneod » soak § rob ==. a ' ;, hee ake aiwit @k. me: oide maw: Trev et. eodenia, shes adi } eats pat ¥ one auiue tex Dataetiques s ‘patho? kode edt 's gay 08 ot Do oboe tim 98 sl? pitagey. BA "no dha i em tS3-tuw add: SEIdOTdE. ‘dt. to doe xzoststeog wit te stoner my S000" “ttedt tromefede (L£-04.9 £68 i s'taoghety e280 9 : ~thad byncl ‘Shenro aor asi abttolgeny. anh. wines Sob 4 a talesek wh sae L2 ba8 on, OUERE bred oh: amen ie ue euqno ag shawn _ WL pots, tavnntports 2 aut detereeon ans eed ‘hat ig _ ‘s+ ~ , Lar - 2 = ; on Jud *:o.e~ab-lup se Saeaderio® Of ¢e edmcotane ¢acelen)! ¢, 06 bivoe $2 do Lutwwt Reval 2s Cebegiie edd ok, dtite ton "7 edt xcloob ‘eid elustet... deol wend dats 08 argon ee edd & edt at ittas yot xseodp ina, weaolny endo. limenainieat te efhe ont a! peonetety @tode 20% meaner. ‘cin Oh ey bs aa bs Ween three each, dorsoventrally situated, but soon again become lost in their anastomases, Entering the scolex four, three, or two main canals may be seen, but here they cannot be followed as such thru many sections since they soon dreak up into the reoitulum mentioned by Fraipont as ramifying thruout the scolex. Of the generative organs the earlicst writers were able to discern only the external openings (“oscula® and the uteri which, ghowing their contained dark brown eres thru the body wall as a2 longitudinal series of dark punctations, gave origin to the apecific names of Zeder (1800) and Rudéiphi (1902 and 1910). Con- cerning these characters Mueller (1788 : 6) wrote as follows: | "Margines corporis depressi intersectione .- articulorum orenati apparent; oscula in antcrior- ibue articulis nulla adsunt, in postcrioribus vera altera in pagina pori in macula albida nigriocantes, in altera papilla alba subclevata, punotague seu giobuli utrinque dispalati, qui ovula. OQOsoula seu pori non seriem rectam in corpore. Taenise sed hine et illine divergentem constituunt, alterum in centte artiouli, alterum in intersectione constitu- um. Articuli poatici reliquis latiores punctis utrinque dispersis medio autem coacervatis papillu- lamque exhibentibus repleti sunt; harum coacervatio Coulo nudo punctum centri nigrum offert, armatus vero ovula seu gliobulos e membrana ovata puliucida punctulia nigricantibus impleta eonsatantes discernit". Rudolphi (1810 : 50) deseribed them in these words: OP mF UE ey Ae eR a ee Sa "4 : ¢ : ' «cod SYORCL bee 800.) ) Raqtdnont btw (ocen} robes t0® stoi /e . eimo htoeeretnt becencet aitedres sontgrak® id ont 50 , sonst ae unten: edz mineral . | sous: ba bevoLlo® ok Ponuas yods: ted. fod mmiailaale ees at ‘s nututtos: _re oval qu dey mone Yedt aoate eoottoes. yaaa. ut ! neloow vat tucmrents panyt inlet e) raoqsiie 1d benod efée exe pretiiy tec biase od? enegte: ww itareasg ett a + oo mat fav *eluneo? ) egatne 10 Leaevene ade eth v1 a Lise ptm’ ‘ostt wil? whys email heat. hoatetnoe ‘eto one ‘ 4 Pot ats fo S¥8R sono ttatoney dca To notte’ Sam fewofict ss etote (8 7 Bat £) tefiout axe tonraip: os a & of i" 7 Se gon te Be >) y gad sco diate nt é aluceo phoexedee Manet “mare o Lisp 2 weer eudirotaeteoy af .Toueba aiion etiwotew « “ y@eterad begin ablidla aluoam mt 2109 watgen ab | ree expat png wdovelodur adie eiltany aretha Ad al a aa < tte pigoeO > iatuvo Lup s ttatege 2h ‘oupal 4 7 2 = 4¢ dde valovaT ipsteqros al watoes we Bae sou 2108 ai meperie taut anoe mptasyeer th odkIh to ¢ ~ot ttottos bio tf 00R etal a auroet ic: « Biap bee. sem ie i eee v2 5 tvek @tupt{er bottoug: ibiwone te Ne pees »] -ulCloag @itevsso200 wetue. olhew of veqe Lay cup suey (a oliaviepsey mrad ylape itolqes out ttned Méxe eupast >. autemia , treet Io eee”: ewtonsy chun olvee c, 2btcvlleag steve. sieecasa 6 volsdoly wee stnecteiae) th godasteges wr oLqat aud ttre trgia entwtonua tnlow saad? at wordy ss ahead ger t4 Rs. ae ae '. by j > iy , ‘3 OF ir Cee 165 "Singuli enim articuli in superficie dorgali nodulum orbdioularem, simplicem vel dupli- cen, subelevatum, vel albidum vel fuscescentem ant nigrescentem exhibent; in superficie autem ven- trali noduius simplex vel duplex, pariter, sed minus, exttans, quasi perforatus videtur; corpor- eque pellucido nodulis illisa linca corporis media, plerumque tamen irregularis oritur. MWoduli aperti ovaria sistunt, oviague ellipticis mediocribus re- ferti sunt, hace etiam saepe ciroa eosdem effusa sunt." From these descriptions it is to bé seen, incidentally, that while Mueller made correct observations concerning the rela- tions between the positions of the genital openings and the trans- verse furrows mentioned above, Rudeolphi — the ventral surface to be that on which the openings of the cirrus and vagina are gituated and the dorsal that on which the uterus opens to the exterior. Van Beneden (1850) seeme to have been the first writer to describe the anatomy, with, however, some errors of interpreta- tion as pointed out by Loennberg (1891¢e), After Loennberg's the best and practioally the only description of the genitalia was given by Matz (1893 ; 105-103), ariole (1900 : 394-7) and Luehe (1910 : 25) obviously copying in part at least from him, The earliest traces of the reproductive rudiments appear in toto mounts of this form about 35 to 40mm. from the tip of the gcolex. From thie region backwards they increase in sige, but 30 siowly that in large strobilas there may be an intervening me | ete requ at nepedtins ate atugase® ly ad sw nbbyut Lew mee tiqmute’ saeteiwetdzo nu Duties Lansob - motteooucent ww santh bla tow ae ii oe etal tea sie een mt {hoodies mod nseet gia tas hi , + gatechitang, Lymm itiy uh Low ‘ewhgiede autete stile ill TPB peintobty Babhd tating be tip epaatixe cond (nate a thoqnos | esis hk WeSL2 wLLusboa ob Sieg ougs EF 1290 pies ou Pinan a nena eupaeeta tt cals ead bt Men ‘eto Mh $e; guoatyo tube £i28y . .: | auth meheoe @or to egone ant poad. eave: one of, on ~enait: ot ime waataeqo fat ine ome Ve eacteasog ind Betas sat £ stab tessa. iy Lobun catode bono tiwen 8 . aa “oy hme ¢: sotto edit Sa bam inega eth: de dae mo tact of of au BA ada: oe eapqo eirtoda: adi dokiw fo Ted Laexob odd baa Bs , } tod ive fetdd oft mead ovdad Ot Raton (ones): ‘mobenet. rat wi 0. : ators chat te et0178 amos tevewsd ht be enbeaias ott. cee 2 “AbD rt _ ee, ont ‘a pretnieny i522! (ot0o8) quecunsol w tuo — "i ear otiet tawny aft % avdtytsowel tino edt ‘ino toon Be e efowd law (PAPO | GOCL) «@ Lobe x - 4 (8OEBOL 9 eer) ao pit xe ‘ ; | cnt weet dened te tng at gatyyeo vauotde: was | 2aswge este ix er dionrbos get sdtetel anoeusts, tusetnae oat 7 Py, od? te qlt oft nor? «mate ot BO duods weol mn tay. Qo vaio tuS ,oele at ovsovead yess eicevdoad rn diges wkst aout la gtlasviolcd na. od gam etndd wnhitinae susat, mk baat | emt Sein AiG i f Pi ai iat 4 h £4" hi stretch of at least 225mm. before the genital ainus appears. Then the rudiments differentiate very quickly, the first eges appearing in the uterus-3ac about 3am. farther on in one toto mount made. In the largest strobila at hand (no. 197 above) the first genital sinuses were seen, when the worm wag examined in aleohol, about 375mm. from the tip of the scolex and the first traces of eggs showing thru the ventral body wall about 3Omn, farther on. Van Beneden (1850 : 162) seems to have ben the firat to mention the relations between the external segments and the sets of reproduotive organs. He said: "Dane chaque anneau, il y a deux on trois appareils males et femelles completa 3; je pense que ee@ anneaux se divisent encore plus tard, de mauiere & ntavoir plus qu' un appareil dans chaque animal," -- (the "animal" is evidently a misprint for "anneau"), -- and further in hia footnote referring to the superscript after "completes": "J'ai vu des anneaux qui en contensient jusqu’s Six." In his Fic. 4, Pl. XXI, he showdd four parts of the strobila containing evidently three or four sets of reproductive organs in each segment, with the latter subdividing so that two sets appeared in each subsegment in the fourth part of the ficure. Leidy (vide supra) described the pos- terior segments of B. soorpii as " ... quadrate; each with an appearance of three subdivisions, with the subsegments having a pair of generative apertures, in the course of a longitudinally depressed, dark colored line, passing the length of the body.* Linton (1890 : 733) referred to "the phenomenon which the posterior segments present of being welded together in groups of three or | eaogys auats fad tneg odd: exoted > ent $8. tapet te.’ : baxe tezd? edd (yldotup. quey: otattnameRt 1d | eta? o0. nh ae tedived sets tuode Ouererreta edt at 3 . edd (evods: YeL).,0m) tmsd> der ahisaste anne, e501 edt -al>: releo o a2 beaivene ean dizer eft inode oases) exer onal Lotines § feult eds hee sekooe off to. qtt edt word yant¥E tuode «fou 08 tuode Liam ybod a aad oft sad? yolrode sgge to” . ot tard ont moc wren; or | execs (see + gst) sebeoet ae eaten eat bate: ‘mt nemges Leaxatxs odf aeavted enottelen 4 £% 5% .saonas oupade. ecac® shise eff OREBIO ay. : eup- cones oh 4) ede Lowes notions? te eolae elteraqqe elowts havea & ‘exetuan € eh ,baed sylq'eteone theeivtb ee: 80 @t "famine" oft) -- *, Lemias eupedo) saad) Liereqqe o¢oatgot al At sedtqu? bos == .(Yuwenas” rod dataqeter xineonint? gob wy fety" ratolgnos® eda eqteeereqae, ect’ 6d . a 29 1 +glt etd aT, « *.xi8 é\apouttne oe $0 Port Uiinebive yxtatetece slidetss ede to ptiag! ; settal oth attw ,tanaaen dose af anagze evitosborqet te st ed? mt sagmyeodue tose at Bexeegys efve owe tad? os 809 od¢ badliuened f2ique- okt) voted .gemglt ait toe? P » 6 dd in dgae gedendoup «ve. aw Dhaooe of Yo pene & Doived atavapendae edt witty , emote tytbdive oesdt to * 8 ellen iit ‘eeol e Ww eterno peas of 168 So far aa the writer ia aware, this has been pointed out only by Luehe (1910 : 35) when he said: " ... in reifen Gliiederstrecken liegen awischén zwei vollig durchgehenden, aber auch nur wenig hervortretenden oberfldchlichen Querfurochen in der Regesl 16 sehr kurze Genitalseguente, die ausserlich voneinander nur durch Zackembilidungen des Seitenrandes geacheiden aind." In this con- neotion it should also be noted that in his description of Fimbriaria fasciolarig (Pallas), s taenioid from various water birds, Wolffhigel (1900 : 94) remarked that it is comparable to B. soorpil in that fine bis ins aussergew0hn1i che geatiegente Angahl von Geschlechtsapparaten in einer Proglottis Zich folge.*® In a considerable length of one toto mount of thie form there were found ahead of and including the region of differantia- tion of the reproductive rudiments the following conseoutive number (from behind forwards) of zenital segments between the most pro- nounced tranaverse furrows, that is in the primary segments in question: 67, 82, 101, 107, $0, 111, 116, -- using ag the criterion of a genital segment, especially ahead of the region of differen- tiation, the aggregation of nuclei in the median line which will go to form the central organs and ducts of the system. But there ig much difficulty in making these counts on account of rudimentary or intercalated groups of nuclei which, judging. from conditiona to be seen in theregion of differentiation, may or may not form complete acts of cenitalia, and above all of the further subdivision of many of these rudiments, which otherwise proceeds in quite the same manner (Fig. 42) ae that of the external segments in the anterior part of the strobila. Furthermore, there may often be seen either Ae ee ee PS I Ps DY eet one | Bee ee og ae ar Ae a es ee ore eer wi ’ Gq ‘ a Ke ae ee :) n Li wa ay ‘ ie ae | MJ ms i # oy i A ma Br ibs } f ‘s Ms > ad Ma sue hott ey asd eed: % a ose ‘pe. aettne a ve Me %t ‘= . ie » alse rtetabet iO astter ated, orbs wt gud. pat ¥ ‘6 . Beaee tere doue’ tas’ ap! urdtegtinvewh 5iflov: Lows abdoetwe 2 aie Oi Legem mambots aouienmldeenp made ideas rrede panama We dort pia wedot athe AKO Medtnoesist Cyan tates | wites. e2im. at | Ph momen ads wabeiertedto8 ne ib a + ee ital Si cies eke th, odd lovnbboas ed. oe ce. bibide hd 4 Nee eas ate mans Rte. tment s (netbst) phisiotecs> chai | a *< Spider eymow of 82 Iautd hetuen Ot a (ast o08L) dogid trig Hs, a arg by eto bint oyteease & wink ond oe tat at bg es naishest fo tv eitdoltyss? ‘sonte ah a PR WA HES ey Megha tad Pe ¢ stam ato ert to a net aidetubsenoo ae : na 23 ag} tii Bo amntges out grthe eal bes xb reese bas 4 ted Sorat 9 bi oi head ‘gelwotter ct ataross thot wetteubo:qet-ef j | ad twos odd sowwios | edmompes. “Eat tag te Aabcsiesot nat “dp etaomgee gremtee, odo at 2 dade seMOTTe ents ; ay , 7 vi @oltsedite edt wa ignite «+ ,OLDy SES , 08: tos. ‘yhOL .SB ‘a re . ca = -. ‘7 ‘ henge Abo. cee hgox edt to Dv thee yLinioeqes “ tainges . Litt -gdotiw exis az thew wit mt tefoun Yo no ttagargea off A setad? di .modwre oft a etowh bane amrgte Lestaso- ad? a | ean Lier te duwouss ae etnybe eedd? gotdue at ye Leo kde » i) 7 . Of Rao ee oer Re re Milyl wt ‘ tt Ki be Le: ie 4 te [ ares WOLD pets “198 s —- “eteLywop mxol Yom Ye ta yee ,nokiagdldareiEty to no tyoxedt at : : td nolelvihdid cadets? ot de Dta erode fms ee lind bite cues vit atlop at ehetoora ot etette ato lbw vadcomkbun send? sohietas od? ah otoomges Lodiehse ait tot ade aa) (BP 43 es wairis weca 2h. ate yen aualt , orompedtusl: ‘abntecse acd a f intel he AT ois 4 as are Vy o © : vt ! -« ha oie i 1 Os xan ; MN eed ' j ae » j ; Aye! 5 @ “ue ti, ] - Pay ( 1 ; x - Brae Se ar ete tr AL Lh 169 in the anterior part of the region of differentiation or much farther ahead (Tig. 43) a lateral doubling of the developing genitalia, But singe no gase wa3 met vith of two sets of repro} duotive organs in a ripe genital segment, it waa concluded, es- pecially because of the great infrequenoy of this duplication, that one or the other rudiment eventually geta the upper hand and develops at the expense of the other. This is borne out by the fact that in half the oxsea one rudiment wags much larger than the other. The above mentioned groupa of rudiments were found to be Givided and subdivided by lesa and less pronounced transverse furrows in the following manner: 87 83 : 101 ee ee ee ee ee et eR ee ee ee me te ae a! 43 24 35 47 54 47 24419 10414 14421 18413416 16414412413 20412415 This ocontineed until eventually the groups of four (or five, rarely 9ix) sets of genitalia of the amthora could be made out. But these were seen to be divided into two groups of two sets eaoh, 30 that esch lateral orenulation corresponded to two (or threes) of these, 1.e., to the 1<38nd division described above (Fig. 33). In ripe segments this arrangement may obtein or the segment may divide again peripherally, so that each erenulation then corresponds with one set of genitalia (Figs. 45 and 46). The latter figures show that "complete" transverse furrows are present between every 8 or $ (sometimes 7, or apparently even 3, 4, 5 or 6!) genital scoments. However, other more relaxed strobilas in alcohol showed complete furrows only every 15 ot 17 acta of genital segments, these often 46) @ - =% toteel a F = ficus to apitetiqersti ih to agkyes eds to tea RPO ot goleolever edt Ww. getidwot Lereted a (8s att). —— “or gon locndes owl te ahity Pom ear ome OF eostin: fu" “Go ,bolehonce eat tt ,tevtuor Latter, eqin ecak AiR fant ,gottveblenb ame to ome oa S Se@ig edd: to) Rcood xttei hie baad wor 040 odnd {iaotaews Sneutinay rodte oat ont yd tuo. Mitrod #2 Bld? »teddo edt Sistinmslain’ eae. as O63 ned® Segkel down sav: tanabtes amo Bo0o erie Yiked, mt fm ed of Pract oxen stnomkiet to equoty Dean tape’ ‘wrode’s fi | aeserenont hepamonen; wom tae piel xd bebsvtteug : th Pi - trennem nan a OMt RS be i Pl. J: ) : > 4 +) ee a i f ‘ y he 1 i Tu ae | gB eee Vv a" “ay ott ls 7 i ne Pea ve es a ete ee mare at my at Ae - “pane Sedeateor fowun vrs: 43" i; Lines =e fs i xe ieuliibis <0): auot Xo aqvorg a4¢ asidieaie ee’ ; wate » ot tue: them oS Binee erodtac ‘edt 20, abbat : is fai ce «Aime ated out Lo Sqworg OFF Oat habietd od aten rae 2d (eexd? 20} ort of fobmoqedaxem aohtaLuseto 4 7, OT (88 528) ewode Lectronsh notnty th hasbah e608 (+t ebivis yas cmemgan oft a0 atvtio gem thomsyaaris eftt- ainokye tin phnoqnetane o9¢t ao ttatdeero soto xetd om etl a ~ fose eoxipl) gabtes ett {BP tim 2) somtt) e2tas ines Yo & x6 8 yteve angry ted pasdsTy sre swontet eevevegesi © ,esaompee Latteg (18 ne 8 yh \e aewe yetsoneqas front’ etolqaoo bevods lotocls gt ealidoste Sexalet espe’ t sotto seeds ,sdaawyen Lat tea3t0: ates TL to i gals 170 being 2 group of 5 instead of the auch more common group of four, but in the game neighborhood of the Strobila just aa complete grooves every 3, 39 or 10 sets. This shows that 2 grouping of the genital segments into lotsa of approximately 15, as mentioned by Luehe (1910 : 35) is not at all regular and oan soaresly be said to occur even *as a rule*, The genital sinus isa situated on a low pesAlia. (Fiz. 47) on the dorsal surface and in the median line from one half to two- thirds of the length of the genital segment from its anterior border, while the uterine opening on the ventral surface is located mugh farther forsvard even at the bottom of the groove correspontling to the indentation of the edge of the s*roblia, separating the @renulationa mentioned above. The sinus itself is circular in outline ani from 40 to 45» in diameter by 15 to 30h in depth. At ita bottom the cirrus and vagina open close together, the latter immediately behind the former, thru a secondary sinus or ductus hermaphroditicus, the walla of which are often found protruding * thru the opening of the larger vestibule as if to form part of a functional cirrus (Fig. 47). The testes are arranged in two lateral fiels in the medullary parenchyma, a3 pointed out by Loennberg, and are ogontin- uous from segment to segment, altho they show some tendeney towards division interproglottidally. The number was given by Matz (1892 : 106) ag about 76, with their size as 40, 80 , but here it waa found to be 30-60, while their size was 35 to 70u, 30 being the commonest measurement. The vas deferens, filled with sperms, forms @ sompsot masa of coils about 0.18 x 0.10mm. in size, lying aw eo Pant eLidoute eat te osrate ome | fuk tu hoes hd: Yo natgtior 4 © tedt ewoce whet i tas OL: a0, HN Re heao Reet en 42 NE OP OR REET it %: etet,. otmh » staves Cera, 4 Hise, ot viepreo: Dae retuys s Lhe te ‘tem et (* - oxet} rh eX) : , ee 5 hel eka 2 eer aave cs sail ; d ; d ; ‘ “ | A BY (8h .gtt) eithgeq wel «ime bet ee wh euig.te meee ° 7 ells “a eT tht mom}. Snowyns fatten y. met Le. sige, “ of ~oud ot 2468 eno mort ones nasnaae * ett at bee 2 teas: St ebendl gb ooatixere Lartawe ot RO gatersqh: extser¢ oud sane gatiaciowrros sooty: 6d? to mer god od? 2a ners brawzoh: Oe eft poltaregee eh tdor: B out to" ombe of to no btetat b ah : een fp wt éowt sumie edt ,peodé bedostaom aa " ' HIGH EL 40S OF BE ye wedoMeld ak 4Bh9F Ob, monk ha te podenk, nts , rAd gOF oe ofo m9 re eatyay hae extx te ‘edt ao 3 osibow! to sinthe, CTebIOp ge e erat tomo} eat hated pe ’ gathers on x a set to ens the tite. % to orice ogt yauo aed ee Spreweg axct: of® Thee ehudifees F neque. oat to 3G ne a Se | (3) gt) Rorete f 4; ie ad@) 2 viet) Loastak ont ot bagaeene aah aotect .: ah: - eRiPGuy etm ie .osetom Ze. tw betated ca megioaoran i 7 : abievot yosehaet-cmoe wade VOKe lot fhe:\ taeaee 00) sronpes. ds Bu i ae 2 BOGL) ated WC weeds ere x8caun o?: Uhebt tolzoxqnesad 4 ] honed S000 » ~Q8 sOb-ea c0ka nods dtin ar tu0dem , ed? ast od Ct ‘ sy fhe of a? % Gé..: Pate oute bent oLedy 08-08 ad of 4 Surv) saree fote tehi2h ~eaereReb mer edt «tome tcosae | 7 a wiiel ,aete ad .gaOh,o 2 a,0 arte ‘ef bon: te er ens ras re 171 irregularly to the right or left of the uterine duct or slightly behind the sao and immediately alongside the cirrus-sac, a3 ghown in Fig. 48. The ductus ejacuistorius portion of the vas defersne within the girrug-sac, that is, that part occupying the lowermost one-third of the latter, hag s diameter of 4 to 6u. The widdle stretch of the duct often expands to lay, while the distal part, the cirrus proper, has & maximum length of Gip with a width of l4p . Matz gave the dimensions of the organ (? the ceirrug-sace) ag 100 x 50y. The outicula lining the cirrus is paeudociliated on ita inner (functionally euter) surface, somewhat aa is that on the external surface of the worm. The eirrus-sac is located at right angles to the dorsal surface (Fig. 47) and extends only « short distanoe into the medulia, ag eompared to other specics. It is ovoid in shape, with the narrower end towards the cloaca, and 115-1320 in length by 75-60 in diameter, Its wall is composed of am inner thick layer of cirmlar muscle flores and a very thin outer layer, the fibres of which are dircoted somewhat obliquely, the whole being Bh in thickness. As pointed out by Loennberg and shown in Fig. 47, the organ is peculiar in that ita wall is coated both externally and internally with a thick layor of nuclea which are doubtless mostly myoblastic in their nature. An deareqeides of muclei at the lower pole of thesac, surrounding the vas deferens and sontinuous with the layer of nucici on the outside of the pouch, scem to be too numerous to be considered ag myoblastic nuclei only. They do not seem to be mentioned sither by Loennberg ox Matz. Their arrangement would indicate that they are possibly prostatic in their eatures the whole structure having the appearance ur D. ) Ofe 1s hee ee A ees pa Dy ai 1) ot pay - AN gh” OS L Pe - oi Be [ee ch Daal wil ey shay . iC ee Lf Mee SER fans. se edb Lite oi ae ftdgile xo tout entzes ott ie trot to thie: i of "yet r. Broce ‘es ~Oee-eni io edt obtegde Le pied sdbeins tas ue cit * shorcteh sav tat “lo moldtoy subreteiepety emtou’ ec? ify eh om (2. Ce@ertoxcl sF yelyaeseo 4 ‘tae Pea Sek tri t yoed~aner te ede. ‘a elhhi:n ondf HO OF BRE datemakb. e a ettes fer to pate stay Latedb od? eLide , yEL 08 of ebusce i Beste ound wild wi ' to dthdy 6 adie whe 16 arnt nembeam x Guth «gheQoig s (dice ~eareste nee 2) esurytto ete! "0 exo temibat® ond eg = “4 bot stiteobuved of ext:s lo watt gettast alue2tco wen: ; pe tute ef Ge Paswomos te ticu tk {vetwo vicacostond) ons te wi {et cee-purtio adf .wrow ad? to epetise| : & Vine ehwetxe hae (98 ptt) ovetzire ‘sorb ed? oF @4 ae Bi e = $2 ee weutt o oF Doragmee Ge .ui Basan oy ae ofat Dat ov bers . jseeulke sat ehaswot bane “tewouren eff Avie ogee sti i to Retibaroe oF ilew re | retemaltd of OG+85 yd dtysed ab! ind yew « bap wows th": = Leaue ~elserto to royal io nis! - wUlese tide deaivemoe hedoeetts: on “getdw Yo pores ode 100 has Widder ee tus0- betat oy 6h vecoatotdd 2 ‘4B gated . Bebete el Ofer df? teadt al ta tluoeg al aagte at 3d ott 7 z do dit WSLows Ao + yal woldt 2 tle yl lure Mid: Beis vi Leartene y fo cosfugstees ci. -cayPiin thods of obtcaldoya Yivece te . . ot -fieh eady od? gerhaworere youappdt to sfoq sowok “at oe nd ; “it To’ SRivivo #89 wo tefoue Yo togel edd dddw evesasta : olvsaldoym as BSetetles of eg of euctseaa cot oe oF mew ‘ ‘ ae nt " - es) gtedansol yc ahd? ie beaphinen oO oF aids rom ob yoat eine : Mi a ~ ae 1) qicinco, ote yoR? dadt of bee gles bivow tax Mepaerie atest «4 SOnvwssyge od? valved ereieusie eine edg adenine 1th me AED | 1 Ae Ais shi SU bala = o 9h ary » > ae Ae De de VA ¥ KF as 2 ie beds ie f ly : f 4 »" ~ ’ » ss Aya e) | vi ‘ie » 4 CL yerr < ‘ i] f wit ww - 2), fur yt ris a, 4 ; ‘ 3 172 ef a gland. Retractor muscles of the cirrus proper are so.rce. Thie faot taken in conjunction with the further fact that the wall of the sac is quite thick and powerful and that Loennberg saw only a short thick cirrus when pr@truded, would leni support to the view that the latter 19 quite small and not very importent ‘romp funetional standpoint. Gonesrning copulation in this species Loennberg said: "Es ist daher wahrecheinlich, daag die normale Befruchtung so vor sich geht, dxee das Sperma in den Sinus gonitalis hinsusgepresst wird, und devas entweder pasgiv durch die Kontrak- tion der Sinve genitalis oder aktiv durch eigene Bewegung in ite Vagina gclangt. So 7wohl die eine ala die andere Weise scheint recht miglich zu sein, weil dic Mindung der Yagina gunz newen der- jenigen des Penis gelegen isat.* is The vagina opens into the duetue hermaphroditious close behind the cirrus, and from that point passea cloge along the cirrus 930 to its lower end, and then turns back to pags over the ovarian iathmus and into the generative space, Ita diameter is lou, while its wall ia composed of a cutioule Spin thiokness and a thin layer of diroular muscles. Its outioula is retained until the point of union with the oviduct ig reached, where the lumen narrows dow suddenly to one half the former diameter (Tig. 49), ‘The ovary ie somewhat irregulerly "bisoult-shaped" (Fig. 43) situated clove to the posterior border of the segment or protruding slightly into the segment behind. It is composed of short tuvuler lobules of varying a@ize and has a width of 0.35mm. and a length of 0.15mm, In trans- seotions it 19 aeen to be "aoneave towards the surface bearing the genital openings" owing to the faot that the ventrally aituated ¥ ~ ia ‘ae a oa] 1) oe nA - 7 } Ji i | a o. ie, Ga hay eet ba Oey VG Na we ad Ve i vey oa ere ; 4 or } Soy ( “apy ak . , f ia an hwy % , . he a " ik ‘i a “OOD & oe Tegan eatin ott Io » woe sum rotosetet , ult Sault Pov todeteh: wee yehe le a it wt wen foc hil n - ie ' a r e | et Gtedcseod tad bos, foicarog Ome teat Be lay ua dee’ wed ro itige we of Proaue ty Mire «feta sing cede MELO: goede Ssevie oe eho? Pat eh Geer vous te fk ry od Dep wt a) MM: . ae Pane eatpoga % BM gi oo irebuc we yr Uren aw i eat e an, aotte Be | pa ath Geni lo Malediatdaw wedad fet wt Dhow y 8 badtass * Rte seed at seus? tad ted ate sok "ERY: on: eae rae oo , 4078208 ebb dosoh eheteq to pentane somal Reis \¢bitee teve Sle hk Qhurgowsd < pttoyte, doves whe. cee: elletaneg an ba ae gi duatustoe be hat exnohrn eg lesan onthe Bal donot! et \ :) a ue) fetes aniy ontget teb. yambdale eth. bere ates! ute. do tty a >) Pau —— ae : — eee My fini s | “ote nageling. a ee > (ele es wit! ee peered extour, ade: otal anetTo ctping “ertule pal pein seolo rey Pot | Patog rele myst ksh eure a de , Rolex «@) tave eB it Od! Bagh: wart and i? tan am, i . ’ , 2s eo 4 ’ J v xy 1 ‘ ; ’ i; a ey 173 isthmus ic quite narrow and thick and consequently not well separated from the lobuler rings which extend thruovt the whole dorsorentral diameter of the medulla and also somewhat enfold the former posteriorly in the me@ian line. Ova from the isthms are 154 in Qlameter, while their nuolel and nualeole averacre, reapea- tively, 7 and Su. The oocapt is quite muscular, and 35y in diameter, The oviduet proaeeds dorsally for a short distance only before it is joined by the vagina at 2 vestibule into which the oviduct iteclf opens (Tig. 49) by a narrow elit much as in ¢C. orassiceps. The wall of the 4ust is composed of an epithelium, in which no o¢li-boundarics could be made out, but rrovided with cilia directed towards the uterus. The oviduet continves dorsally for a short distance with the same structure and diameter, namely 18» , to take on the vitelline auct dorsal to the anterior edce of the iathmus. The vitelline follicles are arranged in the cortical parenohyma in two lateral fields (Tie. 48) which are, however, slightly conneoted with each other dorsslly andventrally in the median line by 2 few isolated follicles. We larre follicle such ag that described by Matz in the neifhborhood of the ovary was seen in the material studied. The follicles vary somewhat in eize, but average 35 to SBA in diameter, are very closely crowded tocether, -=- a0 a8 to obscure in toto preperations the testes benesth them, -= ané continuous from proglottis te prorlottia. The latter faot makes it difficult, if not somewhat unnecessary, to stete the number for each genital segment, but, using Metz's method of multiplying the average number seen in transeotionse by that seen in Sagittal sections (here the average of several segments was taken), the IA wi | aa PN at hs : Pr \. . We by ; ay ike 3 , ta ¢ 4 i i ay ‘ffew fos eltatepnague: fea fo res hive wotiaig ta eg (Obit sat Pincoade ante Matte haat matyOs ait ph % ‘alt | bie tne d@actevmon os fe tad aE Le ott HF | Yo a6peiaeb’ Latte +a 7 a eye eceultet MB mont vad: ae OR geotihes edt ee epeurvetiin A ti ‘ PONERT (epeMEne/ eS “ov as Sete chete eDtne rvinraie: | at ape Paes. a OR 69 thep. et gence act <8 tae i: te Rao RtPatEEe rede 2 S8% yl lawton shaved, toxb2eo: aft k . a me ‘ite ee ote? ofue tenev sad erinat ott a Beprtog: an eh - + . WD a ge tore oe oe vy oe i at oem Pike wortaw a cs (oe +985) wee Ltewt as: mg cate vedere mr Qo hevoqmos er sorb edh to. flix Oa? bing pe £ ri lite Att behieotay gee ,fd obew od bfwod. ee tuatnmod=fiee oi ie \ ‘ , & i “ys SOX YLSeevod whic ttros’ toub tro ont Rovety bat, o byes os Biles EM eve ee! ni § ee wefemett hex et boats te omep oct t-te vemtie | vw ephe totretns edt. ot izeteS tough @ ontiforte: ed? oo caer deo ata oft ah bopdaiys ets stot Riot ooll letty ‘edt iby . ~ (erewod. (ote the tite (8s “pety: enter fareset owe rt: | : i Ned et “at vittien? ror hae eltberon: wortho gor ad tee deseot 200 oe be doe sie tet spr Om .acko tile torefont wets we gt nseh eae Ytorve oat to seucivainiedota iat stay yt hac + \ ome ete et todwenee croy aetott st ed”? Bethute cota _ paadte: ot Bétrete yLlorofo Trot ees yretomalh at 4am of aie - .aedt aepened Betant afd enn kiaraypety oo? al expoede ot fowl rettel MF § .eltralsody of @iteolgory met ovine a “Hedawh oad atete of (Wtaenvo only tule ean Se dtvert2h 3 i \ gotyin te fae to bodeae self genial Pies Oy 1 tat bow 7 Ira? ins® nt meas Stadt yd.eaottorgget? tt Hoon’ aaa 2 ; oft ,(rode* sam odarengen arteatren 1 nad are Sirinveth ; i a: ’ la n y : Ls ; a} a) 41 . ‘e >. ,% Z P ? 7 | j " ys A rs 14 a 7o Hy nu i, et Ae Poet ae BU here |" 174 number wag found to vary from 350 to 540, or 440 on the average, Motz gave 490 a3 the number, Tyo main vitelline ducts proceed from ovposite sides of the zenital segment and unit in the sntero- dorgal portion of the generative space to form a very short common duot which from the amount of Yols it usually contains may act aaa vitelline reservoir, altho the same function is shared even toa larger degree by the much coiled and distended proximal portions of the separate ducts. A few gases were met with in which small ducts laden with yolk came from follicles olearly belonging to the genital gegment following. This conlition is, however, not sur- prising in vicw of the continuous arrangement of the follicles themselves. The diameter of the common duot at its point of union with the oviduet was found to be ebout 2. The very voluminous shell-glani is situated dorsal to the ovarian isthmus close behind the oirrus-3sac with a depth of 85y and width of 115». The uterine duct is quite oapacious since 1¢ 15 composed of may coile extending thruout the whole depth of the medulla immediately ahead of the ovary. Proximally it ia lined with a syncitial epithelium which distally besomes much attenuated, While it is usually situated in the median line it may alternate from right to l«ft as a whole according 23 the vas deferens does so on the opposite side of the proglottis, the uterus+s2¢ in such cases remaining in the m@dian line. As above noted, the uterus-saca were called "ovaries" by the early writers. They were seon thru the body wall to be filled with the characteristic dark brow eggs forming dark patehes” or punotations, henee the specific name s bipunctata and punctata. In this species the uterus-sace wore deseribed by Rudolphi, oprreve ont ao db. ne Lode ot » phe soe yesy, ot bere et Sims | thy 1h oom, Bowl eet i het te ghee ‘eet Ni Tato, edt! War 0% rons a4 4 owed ae en? pt dfgu tee to saga, Ane hres ud? to pobha: apmoaee » * a Reaping $tode Try fh meh wt of me a ne toepniiee it Do negtgen:< ; Oe tee Yen ebet mo : £3 nimar ct to-taweme oda Mhowe denon | | ain yi KORO ug enthe pat t oddtes tierx edb ps iz S es ~, “ 6 = « ~ a i erott toy Ldminers. tebareds ah) fut beltec. gown. est Xd: baie: > bake yeh labo, st Aeon: oxen sverk eek f. satouh stent | ett af pitgoetéd ginasio 6 whedes Lot moet see Hox, pe * ; A PO mia Yon gel gold iiaog gen cacctwol toh ies | Me water! [oR edd Yordtaens paarra BOUT MiPIGO , aa tw: wears sa em oat. RS a Ler. eee salad yo teote ed. oF batvot can. tout _ “beke of tuole: wnentcitet salvevo odd, of Laexoe hotavt te Bh “7 “ot ost: « WBEI Lo uitbee haw yes stegets 8.0be os puter Yo. Jato wet te teub norawe ait te xetemetD edt ie a £ ") REM Ke Le-buncqmen 92d) gentite aoteagae: ot top ea to benGh HLaseto ent whiner edt Me digeb. abode. roll a ars bBo Moigo Letitodye # debe Pentl at of yobemtaort 51 z. ve: Yikes et $2 ofsay - Dedagsire og ta done eected vite tt ite ge tdel of dat: oor" otemat is wah tt enkl aeghen “nate ’ J gts oftaeqge 04% 25.08 seek si vetted ver of? ef pathrocee ect of pilobawer ese en due mt caacpgget s -ods ahepe. in Ree tier * Sol les.68 SOLO ~ONTF ty oft (heaton erode Le | si, of Llar yhot ved? coal geee orem Yost | Oteeter, cel pedos ite au tetvo’ epee arurd fox olen itotosnatio a8) doen awe gtudonue Tas atstenvatd aoman afdapes £tedonuer See atetonr ennan of>dpece -r oes veaottater 2 ee ee or a ee icytetul yo fediaesed oxen unsoqanrere sd? eetoeg om / , f > , , ge ~ i ae! wifes | aoe i ee al sa es ae i vee 9 r “? se i} re at aS git eee va ; “WEP ee) Sa te: Cae, Aa a mr) oe : Léndkar¢ (1819 ; 41), et al. a8 arranged tn 6 single row, in a double row, or alternating thruout the strobila, Here they were likewiae found to alternate irregularly from side to side (Fig. 46) Ceres ayy le Bp BR I RE Lyk ty By De 680s) Or to Be wore medially situated (1., m., li, M., Gs, Bra Me, Tey Ws, Fey Tey We, 1., 1., t., H., ete.) tut never in tvo rows, excepting in a very few inmature cenitsl segments (Pig. 42), unless the alternating condition in much contracted atrobilas ia coneldered as auch, While the sac has a diameter of about 0.18mm, when the first eggs eppesr in its lumen, it may reach a length of 0.350m, and a trane- verse Siamcter of 0.23mm. ox about one-sixth of thst of the pro- glottis. The combined uterus-sac and uterine duct may in many Cases Occupy more than one-third of the width of the segment. The hindermost segments, in which the uterug-sacs may be gorged with egra to a diameter of 0.65mm., separate from the chain evidently in pairs, the lines of division taking place at the furrowa between the larger erethiattons mentioned above. No detached proglottides wore founé, however, free in the intestine of the hoat, altho Olsson (1967 ; 55) regorded having found such, while Veinland (1858 : 9) said that, according to Esohricht, the specice "which lives in the soulpin of the Baltic (Cottua scorpins) throws off ite Whole ghsain of joints every year, and then sends out © new one from the neok’. Like thet of the distal portion of the uterine duct the wall of the sa¢ is composed of a much attenuated epithelium from the begement mombrane of which the nuclei, separated by wide in- tervals, projeot into the lumen like bosses. The uterus-opening is situated ventrally in the middle of the uterus-eac, and with regard a f a r ; Fi ; 7 a ONE Q wok agian ae ae bona Vie at yee te nia rae | he etew Yon? eo aaah wilt P1 tereibe ‘gattamend Bs oe “CB. GET) oBay peer ne brokoypent § sae? Oa: ae” Saunt hel p x coe ahorr oF DF e (. PS gh yt ‘bt 4 ve ps Ug es ites Ne “ Sgt NE get GE ged col pe ye gr gal ow yak Re seine veces iL : ov. ? ee s Be iy tail a ive yi S "7 ” ry 7 7 Heat ; [ mV ais bie a J een | 4 POD | OF Hy ret ed a! uy tet Ess ote: ‘ng? ie” 4 m4 ae 4 * Dodi tatedte 24) envlnu (Sh: git) ei atergwe Sar raag wER ae : dome @8 Oasth tage we wat tdorde potuontage i i cn nt SCAG Heel? oft godv .eOl.0 tuods To ‘ee tan BB a ou one eae! abi. 2dt,0 26 drguele' HoRet ae ee tole: xs i eR BAY To tadd ‘tel At ete emty!- toda Ge ante, ORG! 1a9o | ar tiew at war toot eptieyy bas panne stay bento oat ; :, : Cas ) ’ = ‘eT Paso 84) TO Meh te wep 2 bs bt? ~ond: neat ohom 190 Giig Leyieg sd Ym eo 2s apres ond do al at petamayee ot % “Naga ftaebive tulip of? Mort etatedse <5 1 mas 9 2 rot santh & ghee evowrtt ade te povky patter noknevat Xo. ort 6 « bie > ont i; ‘ . hr! aS Ot) La phen sat W anlteotat ody wh woet: seawall nd a sald ) Pgbte bee oadt ne . fete haat: ‘patvad hebrocer {he a ran oe eo Moke ects edt ytd tude a of gai bums vtede biew (a J et? Me eworgy Cagsgueme 4 pees) orelee evir 0 nigqghuoe elds echivfaigor( Acvioatud of perote howto t toon ano ttakpron hi *, i - @012 bod won w dug afitee wad? hee ,te0y ykove etntot to aime eff foul eae 7 96? Fe aabtroy Lode 2D si to Cadh CERT OR ‘ je got) swllet’ iyo Dbet\nugette doum » To. bonogaon #2 Gee’ emt: ‘f -it oblr yo betoraqee. .telous edt deed? x0 eqstd wet ‘town ai ya -8urots adh" .eeanod okt l-atems nits odat tostoray vel tu Suvyst Cite bea ,ose-arrery od? To elhbtw edt 12 Micastaow Bam ‘ aT |, Mm § ma \ Pet a i AY, wae | 176 to the external, segmentation either in the middle of the larser (double) segment or in the groove separatine it from the next ahead or behind, Ciroular in outline and 50. in ciameter, 4t is sur- rounded by an area of radiating nucle’, thought by Losnnberg to be possibly of the nature of 2 ciand for the secretion of a material of use in the passage of the ezgs to the exterior. The setual opening ia formed by the rupture of 4 membrane guarding the outlet, which has a thioknesa of from 15 to 30». (Sf. G. orassiceps), The fresh egg is ellipsoidal in shape, dark brown in color, and measures from 66 to 80y in length by 45 to 45 in tranaverse Gtameter. The shell was observed to be -bouvt 9 thick in living material and not provided with an operculun. No mature egrs show- ing the six hooks of the oncoaphere were mot with in fresh material in the field. Nothing wae discovered regarding the life-history of this form, not even possible intermediate hosts in the way of food gontents, for the stomachs 2nd intestines of the few sea-ravens examined were 221 found to be empty. Linton (1990 : 733) gave as the food of Lophopsetta maculata and Limanda ferruciwes, from which he recorded Dibothrium punotatum Rud., "several species of Annelids, fragments of qqitis, and saveral apeaimena of 2 aneociea of Yargarita.*. No specimens smaller than about 25mm. in length were odtained, so that the appesrance of the youngest strobila was not observed. Acoording to Ulinsky's abstract, Phlat (1906 : 191), working on B. scorpii from Raja clavata of the Black Sea (the only oase of the apecies having been found in a saclachian fish, 30 far as the writer 49 aware) eatablished the fact "dasa efine Larven in - he | CE) Ae ial pony A air ; ’ : wii! m , a, + > eLbb bee ade met negitito- cotta nepsocccenet od? scott. 22 qsetten: one CUO EED ode sebore, tee. a ee ttt 4 PE het emeliie ad: sets ete 5 >. ~ : ? *. a : & Al “a od of meecnaegl YS tipwod? . fei pet totiot to @ema: SE babe ; Letise cote: oe fol noe isgeit Ok. Rect. Te es whee it te veda | fauton, 2 a pies hy ofa Omg # ar » atte oper Beg edt, ad: . “ shekse » ed sue kPpos ste eens cen 2 te ‘wt “eh edt we bemnro? > ata (gvemterazy vf +29) 4.9 OR of OL) eet Re pnonterit si - gtokee a> aboxdtnah agate atten tongtt i et ‘ane out ll opniyenes? xl 8d,08 flog agaed ae, 9 08 of G8 poatuinne gaivsl apse td? 48 Meds ed.oh hers cede owe CLecte ot 7 ‘ta rade tite, angio om: _ amerlueweee ae Go be febtworg fom -* rv « 4 : \ _ ; : : it). © ’ 4 Att 4 Ya i ‘ ti § Oth Fo yrese ld-~eitl ode gntt 1 agp hprosrpe-th say ambit} ug a Sent. to, yam odt at edeok otc sttemtotat eld iasac y $e vi ; pisratsrse ret oft TO cantvertht den ndpamete, ont, baie. oveg (GES: 00AL) motets wtqenied of. Davot she -arm dw atl «geeinerist chonuht fete 22s ftehonen stteetescay $0: “tea facnh to matdame Leroven® Ren punt 3 otse miitndvodst pete 9 * ) te sriencm £ Ro een tree Late a i te el Ldupp to ete om ¥ ve sptee gegnel mt. ee suede cot. aehieee) mentonte ae “se & a es > , o = > ‘ 7 O4G a dn £60" ‘ e £37 ry! cies & m6 Fi £ ¥ 70 { He at .! lead ‘Gs ¢ sagt Z tot, ee 4 tnLi° .tenete da a! ese ater oe se opek saused goad s olitieadh welnec fie Md wevied CHEE, phe’ Fost om) Be dn Lideten (2 ene ‘et, inn ae: , oe ma ‘i f ie ae Pa a Pee tke si, rn | ; fh 4 le ma : ie ‘ et ty y > 4 te ; e P - . - 4 ae i yt pS) 4 DW i den veschiedenen Fischen oder Tieren, welche von Rochen (Raja clavata) gefressen werden, sich befanden." From the foregoing description it is to be seen that this form is very closely related to the B. scorpii (Muelier) of Europe, altho in many respeots it is so different as to almost warrant the erection of a new species to accommodate it. However, on account of the fact that several forms of the European species have been reported, namely, B. scorpii forma bubalidis and forma moteliae by Loennberg (1889 : 32 and 1893 ; 13) and those from Rhombus maximus and Cottus quadricornis by Schneider (1902a ; 14-15 and 1903 : 75-76), it was considered that here in America we have the sme species as has been found in Europe. And from a comparison of the messurements given above with those given by Leidy (1855 : 444) and Linton (1890 : 732, 734 and 1897 : 430), it seems that, little ag we oan rely on external measurements, they also point to definite differences of habit as this worm is found in different host species on this side of the Atlantic. In the gable given below under B. claviceps the important diagnostic data of this form are placed slonpide those of the Furo- pean species for the sake of comparison. The material studted consisted of lots Nos. 191, 196, 197, 198, 287, and 288 of the writer's collection from the intestine of Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin), No. 17.57 of the Coll. Univ. Ill. from the same host, and No. 17.56 of the same collection from Myoxocephalus ? geneus. Tvl ae Shed) medoot nov verdes “ftera kt sebe: ‘nedow kt mocabe oat ",oimetod Mode ,holrer peonetteg (, pitt todd code oo OF Wt 2 Hestgtnoweh wntogeeet eaeaa vegorud ‘te’ (ratte) btoreoe . ene betelor {esos rer ote ott tavriww #eomia of cc duieseTPRD oe of. a excagadl tan alg toosua ad! tevewoll .tt Seow dooce of eer wees, @ tor ‘ goed avd @é6toeqe aseqgoawE edt To mre, isaoves tad? tos vé seltesen wmmot dae ath tisidud emrod Btexooe) xtomen 4 unis sixthogt wort evodt ims’ (Lt Sear taree 7 808K) 9g Boek “hae Bloat ; aG08L) revlentoe ye SLitoo tabemp a eate ‘eaY ved ow sotiomk wet eted tadt batabieaoo. sam 3 | re ee riegadd' a mort Dak “° eqouw® at nawo¥ nee ‘eats (ase + acer) whied yd Wevts' pod? d? bw -evods) néwie witmenis ‘s is olde ££ ,fadd emcee #2 (08> : Fees hata ‘BET 4 8OT : ove) a i ep la Shenae tatog oaele yout in berate 3 fenveixe no re . i . steed saqneliEs at bao, es mr ow epag. ee teint 30 o08 is Bishi fe Wea bi en sontanlth eat 39 ente ‘ena Bari tauteoant oat sototusis G kobay woled nevig sfduy ve “ond ott Yo. aloud abteuats booetg 2a m0? eid? 201 tab 01 ive : Hoe ttaqmon Ro sae felt) 40?! well sTOL AOL, £Of wwe dti6t: Yo: Qnes Leckeenaahtape supe lo emtieetat od? mott aottoslico ores tse od? to £86 Dns a® 5 LL sv DT .0fon edt Yo RAIN Wow , (wtewep) ems reais as gor? noltoe! loo omin st to 68, TE).08 bas .teed ease 4 macnn ge ry Sy ay ea t ’ tie 4) wu ; B Peay oe ot ; by ae Species 2. Bothriocephalus claviceys (Goeze, 1782) (Figs. 50 - 55.) Vermis mualtimembris anguillae Taenia anguillse (part.) Zaenia claviceps Zaenia claviceps Zacenia anguillae Zaenia anguillae Paenia clavicens Rhytelminthus anguillee Taenia claviceps Zaenia anguiilae Bhytis claviceps Bothriocephalus clavi- LEDs Leeuwenhoek Mueller woeze Batsch Batsch Gmelin Schrank zeder Rudoiphi Bosc zeder hudoiphi Lamarck Rudolphi Leuckart Nitzsch Bellingham Dujardin Siebvold Diesing Baird Diesing Polonio Molin Diesing Olsson 1722 1780 1782 14786 1786 1790 1790 1800 1801 1802 1605 4310 1816 1819 1819 1824 1844 1845 1848 1850 1855 1854 1859 i659 1865 1867 . * 582 136,472 49 178 ert > SS ee oer (S834 ,09000) aggotvals iisicejolaijok sf asioega ~ y =. = ia oe 08 : S8NL deodnowyesd 608 |: OBtL® retiewk (.t08¢) ealituene sinest ie s SBM 260% Lis , eet | Ren RE ts Soe 3 Sé6°l Moet og - BYE ¢ OUT aLion’d ORs CCth. . Anwrwis2e2 .. , SSS + 00Sl «ss M@ROR al Ltenoe auttamsoauet lo 20L + Lees idqdobuR idtsnsd SO ; StH ,960 : Gier * Kagtebe @* s afar ‘SYatovedl a Ye : eae mons sti L183 < d6BL waitgndsioe G10 : gas weeps Tel : Sel. | hicdsre | G83 +. C8sE, gakeota - ge : €é6e@l tre OtS s paar satatsd .. GS2 y GesBL . 6saviv® 3 + €83i na Lom fos : £062 wid cad0 56% Toae ao aai.0 iss5 Bothrioc. clavicesas Carus 1885 ; 120 1892 Bothrioc. avice Matz 1892 : 108 18953 Bothrioc. clavicens Olsson L893 ;: 16-17 1896 Bothrioc. claviceps Ariola 1896 : 280 1899 Bothrioc. claviceps Luehe 1899 : 43 1900 Bothrioc. Glavicens Ariola 1900 : 593 1902 Bothbriog. glaviceps Puhrmann 1902 : 441,447 1910 Zothriog. glaviceps Luehe 1910 ; 25 Specific diagnosis: With the characters of the genus. Large cestodes up tp 540mm. long by 2-5 wide. Scolex small,elongate, but usually found contracted to an almost spherical shape; 0,6-1,5 mm. long by 0.3-0.5 wide at the middle. Prominent terminai disc. First sezments thick. short and crowded; middle,oblong; posterior, or ripe proglottides,usually 2mm. broad by 0.5-0.7 iong, often qua- arate. arranged in groups of two, between which the transverse furrow is not prominent, Other transverse furrows well marked. Cuticula 1-24 thick, Caicareous bodies very scarce, Main longitudihbal muscles not in bundles. 4-6 chief longitudinal ex- cretory vessels. | No genital papilla; genital cloaca funnel-shaped, midway be- tween anterior anc posterior borders of the progiottis. Vagina opens immediately behind the cirrus-sac; no separation betteen common cloaca and hermaphroditic duct. Testes large, subspherical, averaging 58p long, 64 wide and 60 deep; 50 to 60 for each proglottis. Coils of vas deferens loose, close behind uterus-sac, 0.55mm, wide by 0.07 long. Cirrus- pouch eilipsoidal, 127-145 deep oy 81-104 in diameter,thin-wailed. Ovarycompact, 0.45-0.56mm. in width, 0.055 in Length by 0.ks f > - Le & ol ve i - eve : ; = He ig “a ; 2 O8l : 886%... “25: etme Geontvele, .soludiog — sal SOL 2 Seer - | siek _, guentvase event y Beer Vi-Ol. teed. 198.8 £0 lie bars So, redadtes oss : segs ) aloimA | Satalvelo .2okvigeg.. & eb a@as | odeml goepe scimiich .. oe eet 4 OORL (tt mk AC acon wads spobuis ai Tée ind é mobs futon wins : | ‘ eataivala vores , eedadand e thie { 5 Pe gus pow seis tad iisk ie. Jol OA7 dd .ausee eas to axesoazarto eas dani vatsomgeth ouage i "a , Oieudole,Lieme xaLone .obiw és yd anes » ees qt qu sed 6,i-©,0 ,eqarle isotreriqe seomis sa of besoersnes: bro vhtew s082h Lentarres dnentnott -clbbin end ‘te "ebiw 8, Oo856 we vtoltesaog jeoolde, oi bbls jbebwors has rode doh oaetios “sup gedio anol v.08, OX Seow .an8 ylides, 2 Setevanatd edd dokde avewted ows - P. rate ah > beanerra Dette ilow awor it saxevenens rotd0 . Soontnorg Yon ans aleM ,607902 tev aelihod sveetssl 60 -tozds 4 Sos. alushast ; es , Af ES ey -xe Lenthvtignel telrio pe. -seelbaud at gon seLoaua ae us —aa i -s8deneay ; “0d yerbim ee sneols sssines sacineei sestaes. ° a. anige¥ abeseigotc ef? to. stebi0d tolieiaog ona tolbtsIne neegded noisarsges on jesq-aurr te. es Snided VWesstbenad | Py" -foub oLidibowigemted dna Rs nk “a ines ebt¥ 49 , gel 488 gakpersve Laotrorcedua egtel sos .. ansteteh sev to silo velstolgogg tons toh 03.69.08 3 eeu711l0 .gnol 90.0 xd eh28 ,or88.0 .oea-sutesu Satsded eaclo °° Ter beiiezr-nlds .1tetemsid ai Hino “se coed Ghi-2L dabloagiiie ¢ a ef.0 xc Moyeed nt 600.0 yale ab meee aagagnns ore ‘ —- = a, 7 t ne f 180 in depth; isthsus quite thick,ventral. Oocapt 30 Gn diameter. Vitellinefollicles not separated into two fields on either surface, 450 to 720 in number, 45, 80,an’ 65yin length, width end depth, re- spectively; viteiline reservoir large,175 x 65y. Shell-gland pos- terodorsal, alternating irregulerty from right to left opposite the vas deferens. Uterine duct quite voluminous,between ovary and utCe- rus-sac. Uterus-sac transversely elongete, occupying one third or more of the transverse diameter of the proglotltis, usually larger towards the side bearing the opening; openings form e zig-zag ven- tral row. Egg, 58-63 long by 37-40 wide, without opercula; light in color, show only faintly thru the body-wall. Habitat: In the pyloric portion of the intestine of the hodt. Host Locality Collector — buthority Anguilla vulgaris ---------- Lecuwenhoek Diesing 1850 :590 " WR. pe a pepe ' ” " ® 3 Rennes Dujerdin Dujerdin 1845:618 “4 - Patavia Molin Piesing 1863:241 x ’ Onegasee,fuss- Fessler Schneider 1902:17 ian Finlend ; r Sinus Codeni Olsson Olsson 1 1867:56 “ ' LeHallend,Swe- ” . FE on den . . Venice Ninni — Stossich 1891:8 Ostsee,Werne- Braun Braun 1891: 55 minde and Unter- warnow-hostock < . "7 ps a i i. ae, eee ge ee —, 3 Dw O8f . ie NE As Fe -stesomslS. a8 yO! 3qa000 rlondaov, Gotds. die. oe ,oositse tedsie no eblett owt ofnt podasagea Jom. calatbboeti -ot ,diq0d bow ddbiw ,diyeol giyG8 bas(O8 (2d. (redaad: @bost od ¢ -20g baalg- leds + 42d. #. OPE ogual slowioaes sotddobi yaoi edi st hangs: isi of Ségte gent rele joetl GorsatieeMe * 418 wee £ ie, on Sue yauaes aeowd dod, enoataxiey edisp oud satsed® »eeigre 5 s0 bs idi one goby {000 codagnole. yoanayanaty sa suted a » deogtad giianed- ot! js oLyorg oad to vodenakh eanevensat odd “nev goseyiz 8. aerot dete igelaege ou i gainaod onte ot a eT pelnatone spoddtn ihiy op-re wf gaol (188 z aes stead - Dat Leueghod odd undid yldeted baie shod 98 ip onis codal ond to Hobdog, — edd ak. os oa ‘e Joel! oy” : aap — OBE: Ocal aoate stoodnomeed Rie she sewenes. r . 4 Ramee SC atti le der ares +e Slaids8l albrated slisated - } Pin socced iis r [bS,908! gutnedt able ee aivaie® ; a Vi:S0RL sehlendo® saleaoX -esnil, soesyend , basket? ast asi } g3:TaGi { noselo noeslO fixate? aon? 5 " * ° 5:;f66f dolaeo?”? 62: L081 ngeta Anguille vulgeris <-----<+--<<- 9 ---<------- Vatz 1892:109 . phe: Gonova Parona Ariola 1900:394 ed i Nancy Prenant Zschokke 1896:818 a P Konigsberg & Muehling Muehling 1898:35 Memel “4 . Peninsula of Schneider Schnoider 1902:15 Porkela,F inland s r Lake Garda,Italy Largaiolli Ariola 1900: 394 acutirostris Ireland bellingham Bellingheml1844;251 - Fe me Siebold,Coll. Baird 1853: 90 Brit.Mus. Anguilla anguilla Germany = -=---<«== --- lLuehe 1910:25 " migratoria ------------ Kroyer Stiles & Hassell 1912;124 Muracna anguilla = -<----«-- --- Borke Goeze 1782:414 . . Cryphsweald Pudolphi Rudolphi 1810:38 a eee eee eee Kais.-konige= Leuckart 1819349 nat'lkab . ’ Hiorp,Scania, Olsson Olsson 1893:16 Sweden : y Lakes Halen & ? | ° : . Refunds jin,Jemt- land, Sweden . ' Ponen, Gulf of : oe ee aes Bothnia " cassini Naples Rudolphi Rudolphi 1819:472 Anguilla rostrata Chamecook L. Cooper Cooper New Brunswick (the present paper) Eupomotis gibbosus Walnut L.,lfich. 4.8.Vard : Gandenesteus bispi- Yoods Hole,Mass. V.!.Edwards ” 404 : x ny, : Ve = ') ian elias: 5 COLsS03E — adahh = tnnaeniin Sain cls il 29810005 . ‘sloita r . ale: ~ eal: aia S1es008t exstortoad AE a $ ery ; sete 3 ae 7h > as 7 ‘pee rs eues, tes a ee : 183 the arrangement of segments for this species Luehe (1910 : 35) said that, "Zwei aufeinanderfolgende Genitalsegmente ausserlich haufig nur vollkommen geschieden, indesasen fehlen durchgehende Querfurchen auf den Flchen nie auf so weite strecken wie bei B. punctatus." On account of the great degree of contraction of the strobila at hand, provided with scolisces, the primary sdgements were not followed with entire satisfaction very far beyond the scolex, but the first two were seen to be divided into four sub- segments each, -= the first one, shown in Fig. 50, including the four segments to the (*) at the side of the figure, -- with some indication of the next division which would result in eight seg ments to the primary segment; the third into eight, and so on. There were indications posteriorly, howefer, that the primary segment consists of at least 32 senital segments or proglottides, but as in B. scorpii the furrows separating sets of 16, 8, and 4 genitalia become almost as prominent as those between the groups of 32, while even those separating pairs are not as faint aa Olsson (1893 : 16) stated and showed in his Fig. 1, Tab. II. At ali events it should be emphasized that the furrows are more distinot and consequently the proglottides better defined, at least external- iy, than in B. scorpii. ‘The following table gives the measurements of three of the largest specimens studied: t Seat 7 rn A oe’ f el . ie = vr Ley Pa) SR he 5, 7 re <4 ofa) actos metosqe aiid so? odchagee 10 ao iditiemests sdmouges Lat iaef shanglotsohara rete bower Agent abastsgdiush aelde? cenwonn! saheddon og bao Lev 20 | 5 ted of sedperte othe oe Tes ein nodolea eb ‘we | rv nokteetinoy te sarge Gasty of? te tanoooe aon —_ < GTH9tNee Yteaixc: TY Hee LLot% Ao te bebiver4 * +s el $do: | ed? Raored ant ¢rev Hoi toca toe euitas at y Bemostor | site 200% tet ‘bebiivAt Be of gece etey ont ‘texte ‘eds au 4 “edd geifbwinat .08 .g2%- mt awode ene: fost ‘oy _“s — emog dtiv +=: exalt sit to eitn edt on «*) ode or wes gee tdgte mi tiaees BLwow ds tow sole lvip txelt edt 0 A 0 oe baa’ tiigte otat Dili off yeaomges ‘erseteg 6 Youle od test “gsettewor ‘ viro bret eer exo tteothot «eoblttolporg 10 en Setineg GE deast te te etete Ko S howe 43 Sf xo tee guiterages ‘worn eit Engnoe a6 egvers oat aeented: seodt Bf tanatenrg, an teouss | aosato all tris? ez ton ora ei fac gaitereqee conde ove ae ‘Ete $8 IY dot 1k VePt ekd af bewade ee | borers ( foriteih stow eis evorwwt odd ‘Dante bez tnadqnd oo ‘blwode't F ~hemriatns teest ¥o ,bontteh setted asbittotnorg ont vite ; ne re m ss: as: his! i a -tiquece 8 at 4 odd 26 seni? “be erent: to wit eovtp afdat gateottor eat 184 Number 17.3.1 17.33.38 #17.54.1 Length of scolex 0.44mm. 0.46pm. 0.46mm. Breadth of terminal disc 0.33 $0.20 0.22 ® at middle 0.28 0.30 0.33 Depth of terminal dise 0.20 0.20 0.20 5 6att middle 0.26 0.20 0,40 ° posteriorly 0.27 0.27 0.46 Length of strobila 155 150 43 Maximum breadth 209 29 3.0 Width of ripe segments 2.0 2.9 1.6 Length of * ° 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 0.4-0.6 Up to the time when Diesing (1863 : 241) incorrectly desoribed the genital apertures as marginal and alternating, the only references to the reproductive organs of this species were to the uterus-sacs which were visible as faint punctations in the median line. Carus (1885 : 120) failed to correct Diesing's error, so that it remained for Matz (18923 : 109) to give the first de- soription of the genitalia, upon which we oan rely, in which, however, only the differences between them and those of B.scorpii were emphasized. The earliest traces of the reproductive rudi- ments were seen by the writer about Smm. from the tip of the soolex while the first eggs in the uterus-sacs came at about 55mm. While the opening of the uterus is well towards the anterior edge of the segment, that of the genital cloaca is midway between the anterior and posterior borders. There is no pabilla, the opening being 3 low funnel-shaped depression in which there is no S6L Pot ee ake ee + 66.0 OBO 85.0 “gel featured 0 d#beexd | 62.0 0.0 $e. 6 ny efbbia e * or 08.0 5.0. Uae oath fenterted 10 @ shall OF, 0 08.0 86.6. eilphtn iets . 99.0 2.0 (88,0 ”s(Retmoteeg = co |—StsCS aE ‘gal | Pe alidexte to | a e.£ “Ce 0.8 eteemges eats to Ae > B.0-0.0 0.8-0.3 0,8-0.0 Tees wae yin "‘Rlfostronat (ibe -e36t) sateeid aout cate ‘ont of Fs 1 hy oe) sGcitoatedLe bas Eantyren ba esurttege price! pe | tem eotooqn eid’ te eaegte evitoutonge edt ot yore te eat at eno kt atoneg tate? ae ‘oldtety exow couse ne a «torte a neteo 6 *perzoo et bet be? (ost ? aes). awn eh gout edt evty ot (eox ¢ Seer) sta zo? beatsaer 2 oidw a@2.,yle1 a2 ow dotiw aogu vethat tog od? te a fiqroes.6 to spodt bus wed? xowted eoean re? th edt vino ~ibw: ev tv ouborgas ea? Yo weowrs tne Gisee od? «bee ie 5 ed? to qit ed work .uee dunce wet ton od? we e268 em mgt tuode te omen sOse-nurety ad? at weRe fextt” eat ockin tolisdse afd ebromot (Low et euwtety od? Yo pataeqo neovted yenbla ef aonole fat tas ed’ to tet ,tmemgsc eat * t ed? ,#litdeq on wt otodT .exebtod tolzetecg Soe tok on of stod¢ dotdw of soteserqeb beqaile-feangt wol 2 Biter re’ 185 division into an external common cloaca and an hermaphroditic duct (Fig. 55). The important data concerning the rest of the reproduc- tive organs are contained in the following table, where only those of comparative value are given: ee Lunde 't 1? x. ae, ee ae ee Ne fy Bare Wy ay? " ” fh - 7 4 ‘ ebgl aes if Bs ta Ae fa py: as a ¥ rane | ' 1). ‘ Bae . “A ; q ia ; : Ps ei 5 4, nee, ANS ys tu \ " ) Peete EO, eA, ve ie . fe : . i ie. 4 f ; ti i iy ie ; h ; : A : AP ay gh ae i Lara aa i \ Mie > he eee ' br : Pi a ak ae”) ie eeieb uit beotdedered 26 bine punert wien Kanawha ee ont eee oti to: teed add santaneemdn seed fap rong ear (aR esods vino aust wider sRarobig® tt wl bentstaoe. 9 weer a “Al yan Ria es Sk aia raevig wae okay oykt | | iui a t nO, The, eT { We ge ASOT ae L 7 ie yi aS - L Bs ee a i 4 4 you ‘ re “—" + } ] 4G 4 “- ?d : : y - . ‘ )- y n : ; D ry \ a’, ey a) | zh, (hr £ 7 + ; We . : Fi | iS. hie eG mii ML a a * ; ; F ; Z a as, 3 : ' : a; ; f . | . ve 3 : Pe ae “~ ee i Bi, Ma veabay ne ae Vs ns iy aoe Waiae ie ' 4, i oF wid. ¢ Lup ; ‘ ‘ : a) y Pie ' A s a ad b pa) , P we : ; b' , & d 4 Wits 5 ly’ here m) : a 4 Ae e ; pe bh as fas Le : 7 “ae hi 4 og eT f ~ iy Pe Rd FO Se EE a a “Kae { F i j we y a ae: f —Ts Bev ay . bY a es ae niet ) MH , n co * P y hat 9 Pe ase a) ev ivoubot get od? 20 yaooetq Yond’ nt eLegorgosa's 41 | ct ‘ ah / i. a7 | te soigeb af seomerol lls stentiae: qLevitator, suustanm o1 "7 er OO. \engiedames bet otal avied gated wohtessioa: tne. s'ietitw ed? Io G86 108 To Det tose bethute fotnetee 9 a: _) ede? 964,08 tae £8.02 + OE stantacs p aiboat sort a a0 ‘einao8t Yo 88.9% ‘On hua « (gmanrred dtsok) » eteatue Bl eV i un rsaesa tacos cet oegtend now? a | rid ‘page Von.coqe gutfehhne itatdino kein , 3 comth| ” | “OBR age vwgtt) | hy 7 -eumey at? to axetomtoie oft dom tetecaperh ‘etitong be 5, a. MGGeord at 89.8 ys Manel at oO of au seboteco boste i “s bedotos ylqeeh on ktb Canterso? sited tiene { Yter ste egal 7 yYitolreteoq qead od Lup in Wortea bee tot shittod ixt wwextea me Lo eomatseqge ot yiley it bewoly aede weer “x . werkt .eteo tneteoq qeah 3,8 efthia te ebke Of : a eee Ny Pol Or eae . vt i oy Aa) eho ya, eh mivy ' an, 189 segments subcuncate and circular in transection, with prominent posterior borders; middle gradually broaden until much wider than long; posterior two to four and 2 half times wider than long or 1-2.7mm. in width by 0.8 in length. Posterior end of strobila usually rounded, even when segments have already become detached. Cuticula 3.5 thick, subcuticula 58 . No osleareous bodies. Longitudinal muscles not in bundles. Four main longitu- dinal exéretory vessels. Genital cloaca median,halfway between anterior and posterior borders of proglottis, deep and funnel-shaped. Vaginal opening close behind that of cirrus; hermphroditic duct-obscure. Testes on each side separated into two ficlds by nerve strand, inner much narrowed than outer; 50 to 60 in each proglottias; 110,60 and 80, in maximum width, length and depth, reapectively. Yas deferens a large compact mass of coils, elongate and leterial to cirrus-pouch, 0.32mm., long by 0.16 in width, alternates irre- gularly from right to left. Cirrus-sac very large and thin-walled, 0.25 mm. in length (depth) by about 0.30 in diameter. Cirrus pro- truded, 135 long by 85 in diamster,. Ovary compact, with limbs often turned forward, 0.60mm. wide, 0.10 long and 0.13 thick; isthmus thick. Oocapt 25930 in diameter. Vitelline follicles 800 to 1000; 70,50 and 45 in maximum depth, width and length, respectively; occupying almost the whole of the cortex, strongly united dorsally and ventrally. Common vitelline duct long and narrow. Uterine duct confined to one side of the median line, opposite the ocirrus-sac, alternating irre- gularly from side to side. Uterus-sa¢ spherical, occupying one- > - 2 F ~~ ie, ae ; 7 a) cera is tren Laoxg d?.tw motgeonawst. ah. sasteiiidi bam, one ti a : 2 iu rt mand sebiw dogs i haw seaboard eileen ‘pibntay jexe v1 a on. ee * 20 -Raok math cepse), meme Tid. these net, ter . atddovte to beet sotrasadd, Abanet 234.0 va we hiw. eek yom abedosteb ennned vine se Had etggees osde, aeve Peano: euostso tae of a okseo tect sto idt 43.6 eluotiwd . -o8 tno sien wot - 00 Lemuel ak ton Siem bere e | baewrren baa solzetne mpawted, Warten geRboo noe paint: pit tetera Lan keel - benote-Lenaut besa aah MLA ins a8 i -oxupedantorsh ott Lhosedopes adi peannle he. todd 2 f ri eres yd shtett ont overt botereqes ote fipee a0 a ) _iedttorgeng does al 08 208 OF gteduo edt bemersat Spits, ae : -Vlov ttre meet Mtegeab ae dtnmot Aa bew: comatxan at 408. , faiestel bag assgaoto elton ‘Yo penn Josqnon: gral Aan en ~enri petantad & athbe at ar.0 vd natok +m 4 atte 1 want qbeolluweniat hae eatel, yxev osananeTed 205 cs sist sont 8 “08% GuTXID .xotemsth at 08.0 feade xe (dtqeb)} prey : 7 oO stetomerh at 68 Yd esol Nabe § N0G.0) ghtewrok Foaiet notte niphs dete (hoaqmen ruse | at AQCESEE tqeco00 .dotds’ euuiget gdetdd £L,.0 Sae gaol 0L.@. at-yad Gane O840T 5000 I of 008 eolokiiol salélet iV. + of ed? saomle miivqusscoo pysevitoogeet sit gans base dbhiv. teh a -VUlLaxtasy baw eliaerad bet thus vigaoste «Xoft00 ede 70 ono of benttnoo toyb eaixad .#oxten bas pas tousb ‘enti tothe 4 -ottl gnuit¢enctetls .oae-ernile of? 9? League oats Galthea odd -en0 gyolivawveoe ,Laoltzedye ose-eurrott -obte oo ‘able ork tis AS 190 third of the diameter of the proglottiga; opening me dian, close to the antetior edge of the latter. Eggs ellipsoidal 63-66 long by 42-45 wide, oneospheres not devdloped within uteri. Habitat: Caeca and intestine of the host. Host Locality Collector Authority tizostedion vitreum Flat Rook L., Cooper Cooper (type host) Muskoka Dt., Ont. {the present paper) s . Giant's Tomb Id., Georgian Bay ® ” ® . Sandusky, Ohio. H.J.VanCleave s = ° New Baltimore, Mich. H.B.Vard « " " Port Clinton, Ohio . ° a n Put-in Bay, Ohio 8 al Stizostedion canadense New Baltimore, Mich. " " " ® Kansas City, Mo. H.M.Benedict s Hiodon tergisus Havana, Tll. H.J.VanCleave 8 " alosoides Keokuk, Iowa H.B,.Ward * Type specimen : No. 174.2 of the writer's collestion. Co-type : No. 174.3 of the same collection, deposited in the Collection of the University of Illinois under the di regti of Professor Henry B. Ward. Type locality : Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, off Giant's Tomb Island. oer |< ee wate tet om Qriaeqo (etttolgong ‘elt bts ratomsae ott 08 ee ee ST 20 eaten satbiciicunie ‘oboe aanes “a grok ede Lannea ag ‘“teod adit Hi supine bate. 0000 Prorat a pi Milvodteh Zetestiod 3ettecod ? t2q900 toque “ed sous ork felt _ e he Saeesrg ect} ; tao" ett aloe 2» ie (roqug ; a la erie ae ee bi bw “2 “evee lDail. a a . -o2d0 slavbase ae ie Wb ‘peta do oom ot vel ® . fk: 7 —obao fod 810 #10F ce y , a Rid * | pa otdo ted atts | . ee xo ti sstomd? Lee et Re ban ” - fokboned.i.3 ou ol 44¢30 sume zag | , cn Veer " _ovasZOne¥. tH es anavel Up + baal 8. 7 ot surfoot Pia : bi dne me lie) ite ae sayy ¢ errr 2 = ~ » ear motteelfoo «'intitw edt ito cians seabin memtoodge bot wakes i mitoorth edt sebae whorls? Yo Saampetys “eae Yo 0 Guo? e'eneid Tho «apse efed: Haas ms tytond t ay ne “is eS Lit : ih? by Ip ay" 9 pen Pi ae me sig Bt a Ay, y : ‘eid Seer Vy. +) hy ‘Slee 191 So far as the writer has been able to ascertain a desorip- tion of this species has not yet been published, nor have any bothriacephalid cestodes been reported from the hosts listed above. The specific name cuspidatus, here chosen, has reference to the peculiar shape of the scolex as seen from the side : cuspis, an arrow-head. The first segments of this species show subdivision according to the same plan as that described for B. scorpii. Each primary segment was seen to be divided into twossegments of the second order (Fig. 56) and farther back these again into segments of the third order, and so on, until, when the rudiments of the re- ; productive organs appear, the primary segment, whose boundaries can be recognized by carefully following along backwards from the soolex, contains 33 of them. This pian ean be followed well into the region of differantiation. There is not nearly go much irre- gularity, introduced by intercalated segments and the subdivision of others, as in B. soorpii, altho the same sort of dominance of the anterior ends of the major divisions over their posterior ends is seen not only in the size of the subdivisions and thst of the re- -productive rudiments but, in the beginning of the region of differ- entiation, in the rate of differentiation of the common rudiment into the different proximal organs of reproduction. The latter is indicated in good toto preparations as well as in sections. As soon, however, as the lumina of the uterus sacs appear the plan becomes obscured by the gradual é@mlargement of the posterior borders of the subsegmentsa even to those of the fifth order; so that in turn we can see defined, as we. follow them posteriorly, groups of Yte ovaed TOK. ede Sheu in nood poet pene ead wo tooae wae an Sveds dete dl ataed eae geod Dwtsouge geed, estore peLedqwoatul ae edt of cometh Yes eat tahini. intial Pf aphopee SHisit Gertene | ' ny a } af Ge \Bignup.? ef be ect mor ROR RH xelooe —_ ad apals "tne. a ii " Boletvibdge ware petoege ahi? te siaomgen: death edt 5 e #* iy domi . Zook & wt bed Lrpeab tad? oe inusiey ane wit’ ot 3 ; My ade bes et acnageeno wy offal bobiety lial ot B26 eam, thomge taeanoe Ome, nhege eeodt ined roisxet be (03 sy ft) sehr . “OT eds. 30 ad nmemtheys oat aondn Las 8G: Of bas ytebto. mil F eadasbauos: ozone, tomes resets odd ,te9gqe enayre' e v. rth - i q pty a an os? mont. ers ows pete Las sarwoi ior vitutenap: we a | otat ilies bewpllot ed asp wok ets? eds. to So ef mesae dows os tiseen ton et ot od? mo kb akt mace Es we ee be ty Lhd me ed? bos ad nomgee | betalepredis! wd beouboxtn: eds to epaent mot ' Oo f2Q8. cape od? ode La picasy Ss at 34 - BAS + gh efae totistaog * hexit Lev eine fe ty tb td (om od? te ¢ —ex sit Lo ted? dus enotelytidie add Xo ata eatah tied EOE Yo mokyer edt te gat can ted dt at ,tod -otoemtoot oss F inemtiust aquamen eg? to hodte bane tt 2b Yo eter edt at MO. an ei tette, ofT .noktostosqey Yo enagte Laudvote Peete t hed } ( 7 } ak ,egoltovs at aa Iker af anodtexnegetg oto? boog ak | asig of? taoqqe Go#e egsete- ed? Yo anteaet eft 22 \xeven sreliod tolistaog eff to smemegtelas iavhary ed? a betinedo oe at ¢edt on ytebzo détLt edt Yo eeodt? oF move Staomgeedie | lo eqroty .tlaotiefeod god? wollot cow oa psbonstab” oee aap ’ A x pi OA 4 4 a ~ Le vole Le Wed a yy o Oy Uae JS y . y ] if r , sta) ae ty al Dah, rate is aD ak’ hi : ' : : f . : 2 nity se 198 32, 16, 8, 4, 3 sets of genitalia (Fie. 60). Andveventually at the posterior end of medium sized strobilas and for considerable stretches of the largest, these pairs become separated, and the segment contains only one set of cenitalia. No statements can be made by the writer concerning the intermediate stages of the life history of this species. It may be said, however, that many of the earliest formed segments are lost long before they become sexually mature, since most of the youngest strobilas are found lacking the end proglottis. Constric- tions at about the middle were present in many of them, as if the length of segments behind that region might be thrown off as a whole; but, since this wae not a constant feature, it was considered to be due rather to the fixation of a wave of contraction-passing over the strobila, such ss may be seen in living individuals as well ag in plerocerooids of other speciss of cestodes, e.g. Scolex polymorphus. The material studied consisted of 324 icts from the collec- tions of the University of Illinois (Professor H. B. Ward), of Dr.H. J. Van Cleave and of the writer, from the hosts as above listed. ae.” te yLloutnevevhas, .(08 s927)- shia avy So etee & ae a (Or oie oidutehituoe Tht Baw svlidorée beate mash bein to enamine: emt inxs ,betetaqges snometd exieg eens? teogusl: og? t0- | Lothed ney te Fen ono xine wattetiteo » va ed? geiexeanbo aeottae edt yo whee ad go -stmenlibate of xa Yen I .eehoogs sind to vrote ti oiit edt to adi ansbal it : OD es MoM oe bomtot soolitwe ad? re. Yosa ake raven odd te teow ebate ,e1atoe itoures: emoood yodt exoted 4 ~9 ittaact -aldtolgorg boo odd wrtiosl bayol oxa antidous odd thes yandt Yo Yoon at tteseny brew eohie odes =% 2° ew WYO MONG? od dey tm dotRex hades aalised werent betebiezoo eaw 15 wistseY ree ee ene ree $a teiiiey nim 20 ete: Yo avew @ to sodtaxtt att of | | eb eferbtvibnt potent mesa of yeu as, dove \ a. xoseee ‘R-0 yashoteeg: te eer ‘toto Yo: wbtoomeers: ~ovilos ait dit sto &© to hetetenco boktute t ra M2) Me, (Sea Se. woeserorg) stonfiit to ytheroeeitl & erode uc afe0k ont atest yredtiw ed? to © hae eve ORL aes ang ee with NOG OE Species 4. Bothriocephalug manubriformis (Linton, 1889) (Fics. 64-70) j 1889 Dibothrium manubri forme Linton 1889 ; 456 1880 Dibothrium manubriforme ? 1890 : 728 1897 Dibothrium manubriforme s 1897 : 429 1900 Bothrioocephalus manubriformia Ariola 1900 : 410 1903 Bothriocephalus manubriformis Porona 1908 : 7 Specific diagnosis: With the characters of the genus. Large cestodes up to 320mm. in length by 5mm. in maximum breadth. Scolex large, slongate, with prominent terminal dise deeply notched jlaterally se weli as surficially, constricted posteriorly; length 8-3,5mm., depth at middle, 1.0, breadth of dise, 1.0. Bothria — long and very narrow posteriorly where the walls are quite thick. First segments cuneate with salient posterior borders which are distinctly emarginate; middle, broadly cuneate, less emarginate; posterior or mature many times broader than long and closely crowded, 5 x 0.3mm.; gravid proglottides, 2 x 0.4mm. Posterior half to two-thirds of the strobila provided with a median line (the com- bined uterus-sacs). Cuticula 4656 thick. Osaleareous bodies large, 18-6 x 11-15 . Longitudinal muscles well developed, in bundles. An- teriorly 4 chief excretory vessels. Genital cloaca median or slightly displaced towards either side, deep and narrow, separated from the hermaphroditioc duct by & nzrrow muscular velum, half way between anterior and posterior ed een f ihe : . Peed ni m ams oy 4 ” on Vee. Lapa aay es eV aes ane pe 2h) eee El ag (S86L ,aotasd) gtwxot Indunee ule ): ae ay ee Fah” ye eat _ totene end) Pant 1 a & 7 GGh 1 OBES so Fa bal ees cara. . Se ee The sulst Prose Cbs PRCA rein Re ig” omer oty dente my iret odes. MED 3) GOEL py: ahe Reh: ste Le Sui setigninte | C 3.3 BOGE... samoxed eisg0% Laswog Buk Anan a P é ‘ts - ee O.'2 R *os “eur fe ae | ames sdk to exetoetado ad? d2i9 ieleorpetd ottonde ie . dt egw: mim know af: .uand dieah siege Loe woes of Ww, eshote dbeaeh, ytbtosiaseog | bestetrtesos. (ebdate rwe es. sine aitéeon. Od aoats: to avieeid: Oat 1oLib be te igs: AGist of tug ose ef Late edz tai tall Wrotreteog FOUsAG | ere do isiw stoined no rede > tie tise aa iw: o?.2enu0 ef 4 pea tareme esei 92H85050 eLiword » >Lbbter- ecaatren. tule , oe wore qiseeto One, gaod aah. aeheord eomtt 0m STart on 10% sheb i of Tied: tolevteot- .omh.O.2'S .anhlesolaode bivery: gon : “Sos GMt)} doll Ralbom2 utte heblvoty alidorte ade to's 1%: ‘ ne | ee AR in (2660 ~pire a “Si ,eurel eptins euoezeo! 2 -20I89 Geb aloe lip ’ Oh .esibavs af pieqaievreh fee eufsaga featint tanodl . 4 3 | | -*Lope ov VIOvexoKe Yo ido & x | tediie ehi- ro? heoalqe ts eltdatis co gether. anacie Lat ined 3 WW doul olf thordgemred of? wotl Neterenes WOTtAD bas a0 ie soliotecq ime totaretan wegwied yaw BLad vavlor lyon en we 7 3 als its oe 4 Jks - ih ’ 4 AN y Baird uta we ewe ueuans 5 4 is 194 borders of the progiottis. Vagina opens immediately behind cirrus or very slightly to one side. Testea tlliipsoidal in shape, 64-75 wide, 45-60 long, 64-80 deep; 50 to 70 in number, dorenl in the medulla. Ves deferens Closely applied to inner end of cirrus pouch, 85p long, 175 wide and 400 thick, somewhat creseentric in the dorsoventral-transverse plane, opposite the uierus-sac. Cirrus-sac long and cylindrical, 0.50 x O.d4mm., inner half deflected towards the vas deferens, | walle very thick, composed mostiy of circular muscles. Cirrus short, usually not extending outside of the proglottia, 30 to 35 in diameter. Vagina with bulbous aphincter near its opening, 50" long by 70 in diameter. Ovary irregularly branched but compressed anteroposteriorly, 0.45mm,. wide; isthmus only ventral. Oocapt SO~ in diameter. Vitelline follicl:s extremelp numerous, 35 long, 60 wide and 85 thick. Vitelline reservoir large, 60p in diameter. Uterine duct voluminous on both sides of the median line, “ growding all other organs. Uterus-sacs alternate irregulariy from aide to side, each 0.45mm. in diameter, encroach greatly on neighboring segments, with|thick museculo-glandular funnel-shaped ventral portion. Apertures form two lines on the ventral surface lmm,. apart. | Eges 58 x 34», dark brown showing thru walls of uterus- S205. Habitar : Intestine of the host. et r ia eae hee a) Gi | ; ; Rady te ae. ey awaits pated ylew: bbe sate t — eatya® pees nat 30 3 sii ebke sao of yttdps , ook 08-28 (ebay 4) 64-00 eed at! fadtoeqhtit ieee saeteish wc¥ .alfeben od? ot Ceerel yard OF Pe ebEe OYL . peel Yor .dowoy eared he Sint: eect oP ao atone eerevnasetaterine vor tot oat ut Ob REDROTO tadwemon ones gfaplatetiys bas saok osn-saved Dee ways ate ‘ont ote -gMeteeeteh gay odd wiriemmod: Pammeltes: Ried ‘ROE. On. ‘srziO) «7p ee loan talucehe +6 téteom beware cdot 426 oe bE eavetyony: wt Ro’ ehtetuo witbasene sony (. = i 4 Shit die ‘gaol 4405, cneitmoige et eth saen - retomtage evod.tut ae | Beas Sigmon gue ¢ beilonmed pralegerss reve © | “eed tentne view ase d obte eee: xiree | aya | (svorenion Wlomesta ® Lobtier met oo ay az 402 onal ator sete enictes ‘tena 28 tas a vente Baden oat’ to aebie dtos om) ‘von twator tour extras f f yiaatopesit ot eersot ia epae-aytory -easgeo odie 6ka ste qdosaxg desoro8s Ropomagd SL ride. deee’ Obie: ot a ‘a : be 4 fee fe oe be: pate aTeveire/® rete! ce. 0 eran Ko hidhit bw co mat oon tase Lortase: ot) aD enats ont aro? eonareinahy Sl ty ¥. ah 4 ie ae ae a ‘ r ° | e? ( a i ! are -augcty lo witew sect gattode ovoud aad , Hey —" cout § Sdoow ont 0 sattecsaT in si Wes a ' kat mite 195 Host - Leocality Collestor Authority Tetrapterus albidus Linton Linton, 1889 : 458 bv 4 ‘iL host) Woods Hole,Mass. Histiophorus gludius Newvort, R.I. e ® i880 : 731 To pbopnors nigricans YWoodsHole ® 8 1991 : 448 =k. g adius) Tetrapterus imperator ° . . * : 447 (= i: alvtdug) Tetrapterus Belone Portoferraje,Id. Demiani Parone 1902 : 7 Elba Type specimen : No. 4711, Goll. U.S.Nst.Muga. Co-type + Ho. 16.461, Coll. Univ, Ill. Type locality : "Penekese?® As regards the segments of this species Linton (1889 ;: 456) stated that, "Immecistely baok of the head the segmente are. very narrow, end for a greater or less distence, depending on the state of contraction, maintain about the same width as the base of the head. In some individuels the small anterior segments con- tinue much ferther back from the head than in the one figured. The segments are alternately short and long. This characteristic is quite plainly merked in those segments which immediately follow the head, is still noticeatle on the median segments and also on the posterior ones, but is not so plainly marked on the latter as on the two former." This is due to the plan of subdivision of the segments, which is quite like that deseribed for the preeceding species. It oan be followed with certainty, however, only in the "anterior" and "nedian® pertionsa of the strobila snd not pos+ teriorly where the segments are very short and crowded close toge- ep ys), IE eG Ne Bttzodsuk «= zodgekioo a thouat 883 : 886L ,notmtt motndl |” ‘een ain es fev y Cea mw * NR Oociell i ad + foe MWR afohnteot ase we I ie he T 1 BOOE: Gmoxe Riatinett Lt, Otaniaras mits agid pes tet. 8.0 £800 LIM om 1 | aneadoog ‘» ELF Saeed . £100. Lea, ole. om 3 "Tesednaeg 3 Viltseat s at cabo : eas) notatd eetooge tat, to ‘ous sar pe » ae “ rneasoe odd Dad odd to toad Megakbonst® aay eat 0 gathaores | 7 $ pathesooey +4) x02 bodaxenet Padt ett ot iup Of dotiw , Sat yin \xsvewes ‘veatelnon at he herotlot #4. ey a “eo; toa bas afidouwle off Do eact?taz *satbed ‘fen "10 ~9203 eeolo hebwom Nis trode (tv ons etasagen gt arte * “3 ther longitudinally even tho the latter may not show the rudiments of the reproductive organs. Fig. 66 is of a primary segment (the fifth from the scolex in this case) to show this method of segmen- tation. Here there is a marked dominance of the anterior over the posterior half of the. segment as regards the rate of division; and this is seen to be also quite applicable to the subsegments even to those of the fourth order. "In one specimen examined," to con- tinue guoting from Linton, "the first six segments did not show this alternation in size. In the next fourtcen segments, however, the alternation was quite evident." This indicates that he was well acquainted with the division of the segments into subsegments, but did not hit upon thdexact manner in which it is carried out. As regards internal segmentation the writer found that, a- part from the sets of genitalia, the musculature in general, -- and for that matter the arrangement of the vitelline and the testes, -- bear out Linton's (1890 : 731) conclusion that, "So far as any internal characters go, the body is practically continuous." Nothing is known of the life+ history of this species. The material studied consisted of two lots: No. 4711, U.S. N.M., from the rectum of Tetrapterus sp. from "Penekese?" deter- mined by Linton, and No. 16.461, Coli. Univ. Ill. (H. B. Ward) from the intestine of Histiophorus gladius, obtained from Professor Linton and evidently the actual specimen desoribed by him in 1896. The species was determined and the above diagnosis prepared from confirmatory seotions of the latter. eel : STARE 1 Me or ree 4 , Bi ‘se 0 " al 1 efsenthyr sd} woe foq Yom testal wdt - Hove ¢itanthot byaot ot edt) ¢hommeos yYremirg.&« 30 et 88 3t {amare evitouborges — -Homges 10 bedtem eitdt wods. od (aeao-mtdt al-xdfood out west ed? toro z0ltetge edt to eosinimeh botzan » oh prods: omel i m hse guyte tras Ro shox eit? @beagor es tanmgme edt WO hed 3 move alasamgecdus sd} oF $Ldso thoes ea iup cele o6 bad ave “foo of ",Seriaend memtosqe cay at .ebiro ceiedY Fo) wate: don bth etaoaiges xin feck oda", yootahs wort tovwnod ,efocapen qaettyot x98 oat. at vende al eek ‘enw ed tact eefa0Lbnt aldt >. *gnobive ettap enw 908 adasmgesdre ont eftaempee att - aotekvth sat tte: | two badsias et Nal taken at ToaTem toaxopds mors tu ta . if ~8 " ea % a ‘ f f in int , > x es HEA - a stead eit ao exloogp atad hodatidaten (66d + “pReic) deh wt: Pe ms ed te nokta il at? de. were (9% ¢ak ad Sontetaon fatreten.¢ Ae ot Tgangie? odd «amogags 59 tie OOTP work moe sh costo ase wot at ie a OVER og) DORL et code deo omaaie oat monk Pt: betsoqer al al on ; BHF sag | Fe. eatom 3% afi?e ie tr) taki nt m2 (ea: t COBs Te ae nosacsied Jun teginew nov: tadt Detremet, s Fins gs vad 120m gutetatosh evird igsoogsdtuG rodtstd ‘oom Daorctedtoame: “gerd pete 200: oor.) slots ofide .<%(, ‘$ata) 2 BALstacs meg § 1s pnadiitbtease ev‘ot ¢t buvigogos ef an auneg ona id | wee tat Pow spas pinot tedemss | 4G te buts: ad? gan ¥ ah ott bay. wu? £ tn boat i noewtad: sonaidngnot - taexy ede at : Oe CSTs Lav bask towtcs agatod owt edt eListés wis — mamaEIDD oft af mode es dtnewid mum taem bea drgast 1OF ce . tebxstas bos xedoou eit Le. oaodt oh nee edi call wwoded ve ce ‘tulee fet: star abotsen or hatooaxe B¢ B28 " taon oo ttn is to 6h Holi axnist baw asivoettaop To eourgeh eyo Ler ‘s ; EEX 12% (84-9 sowed (946L) atnotand ah Betseestge eat! bere 7 ~~ sede == sbythete stuvotindunem ad te Lagnetew adt Gt bevuend ns =haggdetzon . chang od ex Lootvrem settesecT (98 eterte 2u0: os ) ; ~- ,mogtaickiencs oval moakel atm. *.¥ ood ke ena rind to? dts | Yo tan? gutigesse .petates? Leavetee oie Yo aubegdsor 2b a ‘i fave ou tcf sets, iu ‘thatetlat hesiqae .araempgee 10208 bai ‘a bemueel totine edt bas buat, TOsealor? we bsatstdo spw at of beverq gaudetatos£ .¢ tok {Hebavot (ig ete® eaotoigauss okt dt te" staomges teltednog .odT .gimvatisguaen i ddiw Lend 4 bd ; ‘ ; : . ps : 4 oe : ff a e. Th) Ne ie py’ + : ; ~~. ; of a7 7 we y yi ; ¥ a y » Pa gen, Pty ie aa Lite mf nea da . , 198 breadth one and a half times the length" had different proportions from those observed in mature material of the latter species, be- cause they were, altho gravid, of quite younger strobilas. The material of No. 4741 is, in fact, intermediate between No. 4741 of B. manubriformis ond the 16.461 of the same species studied by the writer, not so much in size, since it does not show the regions go well, as in degree of maturity. The fact that "the segments are not uniform; one segment with a salient posterior border followed by about two with less salient borders is due to the irre- gular manner in which the primary segment divides into subsegments (vide supra). The dimensions of theeggs correspond, while the measurements of the cirrus-bulb, vaginal sphincter, and calcareous bodies are the same in the two species: henten stated that in Ds. daciniatum "The reproductive cloacae lie along the median line of one of the flat surfaces of the body. The external openings of the uterus lie along the median line of the opposite surface." While the former was found to be the ease, the latter was not, for the openings of the uteri lie irregularly on either side of the median line as in B. manubriformis. Furthermore the cirrug-bulb wag not found to have "its inner end deflected to the right (left, when we take into consideration the fact that the common genital | Cloaca of D. laginiatum was considered to open on the ventral in- stead of the dorsal suface) where it communicates with the vas de- ferens, which lies in numerous folds in front and to the right of the cirrus-bulb," but to alternate irregularly from side to side according as the uterus-sac and distal end of the uterine duct occupy the other side of the proglottis, while the yas deferens is ) ry Oh" De ee : ae» Se Fees ~ : HaoltiozZoxg tipustETh, had "degre wae ceonty nkad. 8 | baw no ate i -od \sodonge defeat oa? Yo Leaested etutam db beyzesd epost 8 ad? .eactsoste mognun asitep che vbinery oddite yoko: yede. a to £08) . cl quawpod ot ahpimietad: test sk yak LOTR, oto a sta sdt yl Robbed sweater jéopmae Hoo Yo ter. eh veds \bies Weare) trguaee *@arkgot ail all om aegh #2 eoate youths at oun O58 Paes a etaoeges edt? tude Mat edt’ | sNbaratem ‘to. nrget at en | Se 20 Funder fas thee Be Adda overs aga UO oul it @F eh at enetrad dtieshes asek dite ort oc woacmyonttes | opm. esbiets reemaee sesame ot do iit st ghd ORR ¢bao yeeriee aageedt to snoteaemth wat) sale aupeteotan fase or ek reete a ~ab eat glerolindyoes .& sonia: bas bode tt ef \euptepetee 4 ne hetohiegoo of teum cettal eit: tatnnet ose a Leeroy b. ae ny pice vA 3 B. histiophorus Shipley The writer would also lite to call attention in this place to the fact that Shipley's (1901) Bothriocephalus histiophorus agrees in all easentials with B. mamubriformis, which is almoat to be expected since both are found in the same host genus. The description and figure of the scolex is that of the ‘latter species, altho the true nature of the bothria was not as- certeined by Shipley on account of their almost closed condition, which was also seen in many specimens of B. manubriformis by the writer. Consequently it was deseribed, obviously erroneously, as © ... provided with longitudinal slit-like depressions which hardly attain the dignity of suckers situated in the dorsal and ventral plane." The external features of the strobila are the game in both species, altho Shipley was describing 2. comparatively young specimen, as shown in his measurements of the scolex and in his figures showing the size of the uterus-sac. The deseription and figures of the genitalia agree in almost 211 details. It is quite apparent, however, that his Fig. V, diagrammatic it is true, is entirely misleading os to the proximal connections of the repro- ductive ducts, one of which, the ootype, be confused with the isthe mus of the ovary. The ova in the latter were also found by the writer to be 15m in diameter in B. manubriformis os in B. hiastio- phorus. Besides, his description of these central connections of the genital ducts is certainly not that of the genus Bothriogephalus, for in dealing with the isthmus of the ovary, which he called the ootype, he asid that "Into this region opens the ammll shell-gland, Cr Naar A SEES ieee het Ot ee aoe ee oe ty US a m i TR ME AA APL RAN, ei), Wee (a iy: oo ) _ a tee a at a : oo2in mtd mi aottaerte Che) ‘ap, » bee: on Le: biwow ‘aattew. od usripdcro tetas PwLEs sooth, (i0%%) © ‘yekaeie ted, -Aeat of teomte et do tae Agata diger Gh ct aw atattaeMs ike nb | .2ittep #090 rete) rat at’ havot ove dod conte pos nil ede 49 test el xnkOon «dt 2 wingt? hae periansie ~ea tom eau Bisdded: aime %0 peant on earn oat ont be. xe ; “ CORFE Deeolo, taomla, thedte to rawocee, «0 Rede Cr tt ef atone dtadunae | 6.20 eaeminege ita at nee oes | eVanwogeo 679 ehewo ted shag teas 6h sae #e me ag tere escdanonrod puking 8Le Lenthat.reaos addie debt bat. fvexob edt ry £ bevesttte tetoaioun to vimgtt itt a a t9 adt ore ak tdonte. at te serytnet Lamcetee ot was q Vierstarceaco cs gatdtvoesh mane Toles, ota ootoone nt tes xofooe nah to népampumoost etd ab pwede. se as so ktatues ot oat 190 ~ BgrEn et, oge xo Seka pate atvode at sektadeb ile teonte al oenge atLet Inoy Sl tox cowst of #2 etrecasime 2b JV aan eid tadt T9VANON, rt y ‘ i ; a 7 yy * lad | 2\hel ~oxget ad? 22 emaltocunco Lamtnovg aa? OF. Ba parhootete : re ~ited edt dt Mbmerpnoy od orehee oft: yankee Ye sao vevout ed? qd tnwol opie enee sastel adt mb avo od? oyveve “Ootg 9 al os ste RieGeume «8 at getemndd at el of 8 | 10 anottoonnon Lextare owed’, te acsdegqisovel ae saphtont 4 a | euledo woolkuitok® suneg ai? te teat Pua chmtad 186 at esouh boots aa edt beliee of doldw .gtave ed? Yo oundsot od Ad bn, satan a inaig-tiede tame ot sates apiges Aidt pied? amas: dase 7 we ca tess i ee 5 1h oe _ < and the ducts of the yolk glands. The shell-gland lics posteriorly to the ovary between the right and left halves of that organ and with the ducts of the yolk glands it opens into the ootype poster- iorly"! The measurements of the eggs and the description of the uterus acree with those of Linton's species, excepting that the opening of the uterus-sac * ... does not seem to be provided with anything of the nature of aghincter muscle...." Altho the material at hand did not permit of the sectioning of such young stages in the development of the uterus-sac, it would scem from the somewhat varying nature of its funnel-shaped ventral end, desoribed above for B. manubriformis, that in more anterior progliottides it might be in such a condition as to be easily overlooked. Here Shipley makes a statement concerning the probable disrossl of ripe ecgs, which seema to the writer to be the natural conclusion to arrive at after a study of the varying contents of the utcrus-sacs along the strobila, namely, "From what I have geen I think it pro- bable that eggs pass out from the tapeworm into the alimentary ganal of the host and that in B. histiophorus the eggs pass freely out from each ripe proglottis and do not wait until the posterior proglottides break off to make their escape from the parent." The nature and arrangement of the vitelline glands, the vagina and its bulb or sphincter, the teates in number and position, and finally the cirrus-sac, 21] considered in connection with his Figs. I-IV, force the writer to the conclusion that, so far as can be determined in the absenoe of material for study, Shipley's B. histiophorus n.sp. is identiosl with B. manubriformis (Linton). In the following table a number of important measurements . ; J trols Loteoy enke haeky-~tteas sat “aby Aton. eat 10 » asa ‘at oO , - @qex to f oe wth eidatora edt gatursooa0e taomepste a as boa tere? eb ed mio ef tat as .¢ fat soteulpaoe ad? or zor ise +48. sutotgolveld .§ eyelgtt#s ,yhets 703 Lattetom to coaeeda A i oe Se et % ae Ry YES > a Ny 7) “ 4 ‘ MT |, ( ‘ hy very 4 j chy ees : TOS ‘ : ir ‘ "é mi { rad *, hi A : é tT Oey ; mice P Po OL AA ‘ ~ d af Ki 1 ‘ i ry KA 7 ¥ i ‘bam nagro tadt te sowled thet far tiigts ed neented xravo ‘att of ~209809 OaXs oo si? otat CREGO 1% ahants xLoy one te ston, edt + dan oat to no keqtxonok edt fuer eine ed te piaomorwe sg odt a | oa? tad? gmbts xe ender ae Phaotn 1 to enor? He Se ooxge 4 ea dite hebivery od of mone thou asia sh a eee eau-sipietas edt bi ott adtis *.,. ,ehonser mefoaing 4 re ecurten st a: a! pauey dows Yeo a het me at vib to 3 hernag ton ‘Reb bad ne edt wert mee bksow +2. (oee~eitety sit to tavaqpLoves ua Bedhipe eh tae. Levtasy beqade~iennut ett to oud ast a Brbissortgorg rolietas etom a tect .pumrplixéuaem 48 . - eck wdetgot (ave-eliaas. od of he ott thaoo 4 bases bol ve ti A moksulogos Letwian oat ed ot x0) tne edt ot ance a eoearkccety oft to vine? nog nantytay ot 0 ‘hits Fy othe tas ony #2 fo bit I geon cved r tage wort” Vener saxsdoute enbmomble oft oft miowsgat edt moxl tuo meag oage | 7 Ueerk booq ones odd evrodgotzels .§ at Past? bane $e.axi od? % ; zoltetnoy eft Ifvau thaw toa eb haa. etttotyer oats, eas | edT °,tneva “st BOTT HGeOE > % hewit onan et The deord eebit ett fax satper vat ,abauly satkiag be eds to tasavyaers ina vilantl boa .feole leo Spe teduda al eoraes odt J meth! again, 5 ad v 7 Si Sy =< ty se hoo wee i « % ~ \ = ay ~ 7 - % “ 7 ‘ Aye us i > a ee en > Rare lane mo) E ‘ 2 > « . ¢ ) - . ¥ ab ‘ i ’ . a > = _ ry a « e 9 B05 Species 5, Bothriocephalus occidentalis (Linton, 1897) (Figs. 71 and 72) 1897 Dibothrium occidentale Linton 1897h w> = ~ 1829 Bothriooephalus occidentalis Luehe 18990 3: 43 19090 Bothrioosphalus occidentalis Briola 1900b : 415 Specific diagnosis: With the cheracters of the genus. Large cestodes with maximum length of at least 310mm. and breadth 6.5. Scolex small, elongate and somewhat reotangular, constrasted posteriorly, 1.3mm. long by 0.46 wide. Pirst segments somewhat funnel-shaped; middle, densely crowded, ten to twenty times broader than long, posterior narrower and longer, @ x 0.8mm., in groups of three or four. Cuticula 1.5} in thickness. COslecareous bodies 18 x l3p. Longitudinal muscles in bundles, outer ssries very searce. Four chief ~xeretory vessels, two much more prominent than the others. Genital cloacae form a nrrow zig-zag row, esch very shallow, no velum, cloaca and hermaphroditic duct united. Vagina opens directly behind cirrus or & little to one side. Testes divided into two ficls on each side by the nerve etrand, 75 to 90 in number, 25, 85, and 115 fe in average maximum length, breadth and depth. Coils of vas deferens loosely arranged, the duct &5 w in diameter, alternating irregularly from side to side opposite the uterus-sac. Cirsus-sac long andi cylindrical, 0.23 x 0.06mm., walls comparatively thin, most of ciroular muscles being towards the inner end. Fy es Ye squoety st a ee :tegaot can sewortan ohana 3 ” J (S68L ,a0tatd) & bs tmens TED y GVOOT: 5 ogee i His 4 @0oes eioled » Pa = 2s ngseg edt to aTetpetiuio wdy, done tatvongatt ott soent dsBaand bax OmOts tanvl duo dtznss muon basi ved be saboten beseadrtteace s MAlegnede: vm tatwame has sYegnrie btm me t tadreece otmongor ftatht obie 89.0 vw gaol - sak “ -sobeord edastt yaews ot net ‘Ditty vhenned ,etebis th al J Mh, - ~ « » 4bt x . ee tetbed srosre0ls0 -oneateaat ad 48. stent suet oo1208 quer potion tetvo ,eokSnikt wt eoloeun’ | me a, Pad Be etedto ent neds Pavano exon. don owt valeseer x =a ot hade Vier Gore . wor gangs wourn s ar0} seesolo ath ) No vaginal sphincter or bulb. Ovary solid, unbranched, 0.5-0.6mm. wide, 0.04 long and 0.13-0.18 deep. Oocapt 25 in diameter. Vitelline follicles very numerous, in two lateral fields om each surface, leaving a broad median strip free, 325, 60, and 115) in length, breadth and depth, respectively. Viteliine reser- voir 45 in diameter. Uterine duct voluminous on both sides of the median line, crowding all other organs. Maximum width and length of uterus-sac, 0.65 and 0.25mm., respectively; not en- eroaching much on neighboring proglottides; ventral portion not especially modified, Uterus-openings alternate irregularly from side to side near the median line, for forward in the proglottides. Ecges 72-76 x 38-41 p » dark brown, showing thru the walis of the gorged uterus-sacs. Habitat: Intestine and pyloric coeca of the "rock cod", Sebastodes sp? Type specimen : No.4740, U.S.N.M., collected by T. H. Bean and identified by Professor Fdwin Linton. Type locality: Whatccomb, Washington. The material contained in No. 4740, U.S.N.M., uwoon which Linton based the species, was examined by the writer and confirma- tory sections made of mature segments, but it was all in such a very poor state of presevvation that much of the detail could not be made out. However, as the specific diagnosis indicates, this is a true species of the genus Bothriocephalus s.str. and quite distinct from B. manubriformis which it closely resembles in many respects, internally as well as externally. So far as the writer Dodonaiday —diob YxavO dha uo aotemtdce potent ot a at 428 tq2000. pe BL.O-BI.0 Saw gaol 40.0 .ebiw 8 05 a attest lasetel out? at 9 EOL mee Ytev eelptito? eatkier 2 1 hah 08 yea soot qinte osthen teord # yabvend par Ne “£9007 ord: Lott ‘Thaw stoo dest At qek: bot dt baord His yao 1 mes 9qianngn' stadt te: eemetachow touty ontvert astonadh at ye bow de bie mgmdnal ~ BENTO wy Lia. ‘paLdror vent “ae ton ;tLlovitoeqes: 0 BEES 0 ‘bee 88.0 spaemeaseee % fon nottroy Leriasy 79° bistotgosq amtrodity ton fo dome | wort VixeLugertt etenterte rgainoqo~eumett = bettabon§ a cobs tolgorg odd gt brawxo? 20% gealt peLbed ott 908 ve ila ed? ord? Stlnose anor bial « uy fase | x erst oe he i? o* eh | | : snows ~wurnetat "bao doos" ade to Aba90 enol bas errant te08 e fans Ee acca sa 7 we beteetioe yl 4.8.0 Oto : somboase | . srotats heb? ‘tosnotor4 ww beatit Mots titest dood adr re Liaeot | doldy now yile.5.U 089) otf ok bon tetace inbrotan | set mamitieoo ban aetdew oc vw hentatxe one “entoge ed? bees 4 Move al Liv aaw vt tod .edpvagec oun to phew te ton Divot Livioh vd? te dom tadé ao ltavronord te ofate | ot eltdt .20ts0 thyrt & teortgads of iqeq ‘eat ae cTavenal eh ellup baa .tfe.6 apledqoootrdteg eucs; edt to dotoige Yton at seldwoser yLewosoes Aolde abszo? ssdimae 2 most ray tily he Isdixe oS? on sal O8 . .UlLeitretxe se iter ee Uitemorat * Pr: "ve is aware it is the only bothriocephalid that has been reported for the Pacific coast of America, the fauna of which in this connection haga thus only been touched. ibe Ue ay yrnn pliiecniiat | aes eoekace’ want an so tte hid sci watt ewonzeaa 204 tev00 308 Genus 2. Clesbobothrium Luehe, 1899. Bothriocephalus (parte) §[tudolphi, 1819. Dibothrius (part.) Rudolphi, 1819. Bothriocephalus (part.} Leuckart, 1819. Bothriocephalus (part.) Dujardin, 1845. Dibothrium (part.) Diesing, 1850, Dibothrium (part.) Molin, 1858. Dibothriun (part.) Diosing, 1863. Bothriocephalus (part. ) Carus, 1885. Bothriocephalus (part.) Aridle, 1896. Clestobothriun Luehe, 1899. Bothriocephalus (part.) Ariola, 1900. Clestobothriun Braun, 1900. Generic diagnosis: Scolex almost spherical, the free edges of the dorsoventrally situated bothria fused with each other in their whole extent, in such ® manner that only a smell surficial opening near the apex leads into the interior of the spacious, hollow organ of attachment, flattened ir the sagittal direction, by means of 4 short almost sagittally coursing canal which can be closed by 2 sphineter=}ike nusculeture. External segmentation complete. Vitelline follicles in the cortical parenchyma. Ovary median and ventrel. Receptaculum seminis smell. Peginning of the uterus © winding esnal which leads into on extraordinarily spaci- ous uterus-sac,distorting all the other genital obgans in ripe P1BI COM Tage C18! «iylabot 9@ISl ysasdouel 2d8L ,akbeadadt: eect é gai enke 820f nhfom E38! .gateoid Te} g -_anaad -6B08E yalétaa ‘ CGSl.. , eel x 00eL vefolna ; 008 : _ sama | soghe coxl odd ‘tebeial tecnta xeloo? rakeouyatb 6 at qedto dose ditv boast abated boleudie: ~LLaidaeve {stotivse (fewe 2 yao tad? tennam 8 dowe at poven ,ettolonges ad} to sobasdst odd olat oiasl aoge eét amie Solicetlh iaitiges off td boned tos Swomdoad Ja te cna ‘ed seo dalde L[anco golawoo glladdiges dacata dros & to wotletnenges [enrernt + ound Lio mars Sil feeesontuge *¥ y1sv0 somydonersy Leotdeoe odd at sofstliot ouliledsy sade od? to gniagigod .[fage atnimes aufuostqooed sLonduoy tne a -ltoaqe (Linanlisaquize xo ofad ebeel dotdw Lense abate «a ogi= at ansyto [etiaey tedso vat Ete yatdnoteth os ie ba be sate a bers Vv a a 309 proglottides. Uterine opening about median as is the dorsal geni- tel opening. Type species: C. crassiceps (Rudolphi). Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi,1819) , (Fa gs,.13 -83) 4819 Bothriocephalus cressiceps Rudolphi 1819 : 139,476 1820 Bothriocephalus pilula Leuckart 1819 ; 45-46 1845 Bothriocephalus cressiceps Dujardin 1645 : 617 1850 Dibothrium crassiceps Diesing 1850 ;: 587 1858 Didbothrium crassiceps Molin 1858 : 134 1863 Dibothrium crassiceps Diesing 1863 : 2 36 1865 Bothriocephalus crassiceps Carus 1885 : 120 1896 Bothriocephalus cressiceps Ariola 1896 : 280 1899 Clestobothrium crassiceps Luehe 1899 : 44 1900 Bothriocephalus crassiceps friole © 1900; 397 1900 Clestobothrium crassiceps braun 1900 ; 1692 1901 Dibothrium crassiceps Linton 1901 : “a 1909 Dibothrium crassiceps Johnstone 1909 : 87-89 Specific diagnosis: With the characters of the zenus. Medium sized cestodes, up to 92mm. in length, with a maximum breadth of 1.5mm. Anteriorly surface of body with closely arranged trensverse furrows, posteriorly segmentation more distinct, serrate. Scoles globose, 0.64-1.08mm. long, 0+52-0.90 broad,eand0.68-1.21 thick; divided by longitudinal marginel grooves into two dorsoventral 208 ; ) ; ek eee ee se! bal ‘ce ' oe wa 7? pe be r . ye ’ ¢ =ineg Isareh odd of aa natbom Jucda gnloogo ona sae : egg tg senna ae ‘aatoogs week al OS iecteon i » (Of8L, iq tobast} ageotenato astsdtodos siete " (4e- éT PQ + I) : es 7 87d, eel + Gist idghobut age ol ete aecieaaial aqonteanay wubeidodedbaly | yee 4. D0Rh- + alota’ _ agvotasany suladgenotud: + S20%.2 008L Pree ta ageoteaare mule: 6 SBbgL0 » 100, moinil = agoskesnno wy ee-T8 : ee! exes andot aretinel malt muiSes aime, oft to. enefonadds od}. dd ke cataompenh ott to déhsord mmizan a détv yddgool ci .mSe of w sebodu eetevensis begneizs yleaols diiv xbod te oostius ‘Usolnodeds 5 neloo? .ojeiies ,Jonitaib ovmm delsednouyos Unoiretood 2 pHotdd 10, £-09.0bas, bao 00 .0-88e0: «gaol 200-809 »00€o laisaeworsoh owt ofal BOTDOTY fpatenel, us. | ae ae ey valid + Parr hemispheres, the bothria. Latter, large, prominent, oval, their apertures about one-third from the apex and connected by a saddle- shaped groove over the tip of the scolex, with prominent lips. Wo neck, segmentatiom beginning immediately behind the scolex. Youne segments closely arranged, five to six times as brocd as long; mature proglottides quadrate to twice as long as broad, frequently divided on one or both sides by spurious articulations usually behind the uterus-sacs. Cuticula 2 to Spthick, subcuticula 2C. Chalk-Bodies absent. Musculature well developed, powerful sphincter around orifice of bothrium. Chief nerve strands ventral, 15 to ) = ree ee? ee ee ee ot ae ee! daa) eT y &£ Mo Se » ay : |. ae Me a “a 4 ? 1h G | iy i a it ‘- ' 7 2 ey : er ae <. 3 Baia ¥ A? a = = od ee San ny . ie ' br _ ts Lr] deve o of Satof mort evovalinooa ,sedeusth of 80.0 yd grok emut’SS a _-s -egbew @ emaet egorsich on? ve tielgorg towe of 0g 6) Mb ald odd to abiegrode-bas one-nourko Io heeds elios to waan be efoto Sadwemon 8 sotigtif~e ong-ewrth? .eat-agvedy edt to ia oui .qeoh 31[.0-800/0 S24 sile Si 5.0<980.0 4 ee a i Vea i ‘. A wo ar i Opening of vagina close behind that of cirrus. Receptaculum sewinis present as a short diverticulum almost parallel to the ovi- duct at the point of union of the vagina with the latter, about lO, in diameter. Ovary bilobed, the isthmus narrow and ventral, ove in same 18 x 10p. Oocapt 20 in diameter. Vestibule at the point of union of the vagina with the oviduct. Vitelline duct expands into a reservoir 30p in diameter. Vitelline follicles not in,laterel fields,but continuous from joint to joint, 60 x 30 x 50u in dimen- sions, about 700 in each proglottis. Uterus-sec elliptical in out- line, directed anteroposteriorly in the natericr half of the pro- glottis where in gravid segments it occupies almost the whole o@ the medullary region; 2.20 x 1.34mm. in dimensions; in quadrate segmonts irregularly alternating from side to side as are the uter- ine openings. Eges, 75 x 40u. Habitat: In the anterior portion of the intestine @f the host. Gadus merluccius ‘Naples Rudolphi Pudolphi 1819:139 pe hos’ ’ ee ate Leuckart Leuckart 1819:45 * ” Patavia Nolin Molin 1858; 134 “ r Trieste “togssich Carus 1885: 120 " guxinus Trieste . Stossich 1899:1 Merlangus carbon- Nizza . Vagener Wegener 1854:61 nuivestqeoed .asiito to dsdd balded saolo antgay 26 st des -tvo ond of Lefledeq Jaculs auluotiaevib dade s as daodeng obnh a 401 Suede ,rabsel odd ddiw enter odd So cokat Y6 in ee al avo. Issinsy Sos worism epaddeld oAd ebedolld vunyo tb | to iniog odd jn aledliseY ,aedemalh al Oo" ‘tqa000 ber = at's olet shacgee Josd eaflfesi¥ .Jopbiyvo. oud itis baiger end ie » Lenadel ad dow ooloiflot anillesiv ‘rodemeth at 408 alo enomibh ei Oe x 08 x 0d sutet of Sctot-mort sual Sane i“ “Sue nt Instighiie ose-anr0s¥ eli tolgorg ‘hoas nl OOP 5 -sost 68! to tied softegan odd el uUnolredeogoretns bedee fo ¢lody ed stoals 2 aviquove i} admougos bivaing ats odetbexp-al asobementh at sambesf x oss’ pmolyer v “rede edd b4n 24 bie od bis sont’ ——— veers re ese . joe x av a odg 36 snisestal oft to aoldseg beraneyahe eds al toll wihrodsas sptoel ion \ Geubbteoat 2-0 odes GEL:CL9S tdglobyt Ldg lobed Ch:OL8l s4adoue.} JindoweJ SEL B25) rtiov oligh ryaeear 60429 isliags? | L:8CS81 dolewas’ . ees [3:8681 qesege? soe VMerlengus spe see ene Yagener Merluccius bilinearis “oods Hole Linton ” esculentus ------ Parona si . Trieste “tosséch “ merluccius Pisa Wegener x4 vulgaris’ Ireland Drummond 24 Pise Vegener - s Padova Holin D “4 ? Patavia Molin , >) Genova Parone Ari " ’ Portaferr- Damiani ajo,Idsilba x . Pisa Parona , ¥ Gaeta friola P . fugustea, Parhagello & » Catania Yrago Pomatomus saltatrix Woods Hole Linton "A small hake” Calf of Man, Johnstone Pnglend Merluccius bilinearis Passamaquoddy Cooper Day, St. Ane drews, HB. Buzzards Bay, ° Masse Vineyard Sound Masse Casco Bay,iMe. South Harpswell Vegener 1857:93 Linton 1901:478 friola 1896:265 Stossich 1898:115 Wagener 1654:68 Thompson 1844:439 Diesing 1863:237 Diesing 1863:237 olin 1861:235 Ariola 1896:265 Parone, 1899:8 Parone 1899:8 Ariole 1900:397 Barbagello Drago 1903:412 Linton 1901:451 Johnstone 909: 87 Cooper (the present paper) emt "rn note ue SO38GL denegsT-<. _ sevot008 -gedata BaSHECBI BIfeeel totsaog? 6b 188 sbequodl ves: 2081 4 : vesre0ed : ees 1L98h “pasreeas a glia ag q 4 ‘ at} coat a : 4 Vee 008s sLotaa ~~ I lagadralt pag oO *Webrf0e@l | aedatd > a i ew . Saosaadot 78 BOE! ; 7 teqooD frogs §ascerq od) cae ay alot) Barbdas honbya® gadnokd goisetd ‘pelptsa- anoret - agoue ro7e84 4 we oltayedand ; 5 AIG ay Cs Omen” att a er eee i . a fa TT atl q4 1 MS es). ¥ 7 " : = 2 65. | . Te re i at -. ane 6 a ee wet hal SEN A q shy -- gee -| 3 weneget -=. ae eee * ieee aboot a “Nasi galt ~~ glokaa ‘podnta: alah aboot: « riated a ; erojandoL aot to. tfa9 : 3 +2 fs ' ad Sa ~— el “GH swath eae Cage rm 4 wad eptsrzys) We — 2eaat ‘ bs In external appearance this species is characterized by the globose nature of the scolex and the serrate margins of the strobila, the former of which was the basig of Leuckart's (1819 : 45) speci- fic name and which with the latter was emphasized and included in the diagnoses of all the authors after Rudolphi (1819). But another important character which also assists in the ready recog nition of the species is the presence of spurious articul tions, which, however, are evidently not those mentioned collectively by Wagener (1854 : 69) as "artioulatio spuria" (vide infra). The acolex (Figs. 73-77), aa noted above, is divided by two longitudinal marginal grooves into two dorsoventral hemispheres, the bothria. The latter were considered by Rudolphi (1819 : 139, 477) and others to be marginal or lateral (but not "lateral") in position, which | error was finally and definitely corrected by Euehe (1899 : 35); but Leuckart (1819 : 45-48) rightly deseribed and figures the ssolex as "medio marginali sulcato, foveis lateralibus ... " and "Die Randflache des Kopfes ist breiter als die Seitenfiche, die Mittelfurche jener ziemlich tief, und bildet an jener Seite eine erhabene, in der Mitte helilere Wolbung." It seems that Molin (1881 : 235) fell into the error of considering the marginal or lateral grooves, separating the bothria, to be the bothria them- selves, as indicated in his diagnosis: "Caput magnum subglobosunm, utrinque sulco longitudinali laterali, apertura centrali bilabista antica, bothriis ovalibus, subterminalibus, marginalibus, longis", and in his "Osservazione 32" he said: "Quantunaue la testa sia molta grosaa ed opaca, oid non per tanto potet distinguere il s0lco wenziomato da Diesing (1850 : 587) 11 quale perd corrisponde at la- ers | Pees eR ait yd healiotoatado. of aetooga aide? ipmect at init sania ai es ie ; (Sliddrtw adt te entytam ae Ansan att Daw. seLoos: odd. Ry 9 a * Me domme (3d 4, RL) ot tadoa) fo pteed add ean dovtaln, te comsot ¢ at hebulowi Des bestredges gew 2ostal add at bw thotaw bas x to. (REBT) Lg Lokal 4e9 ts exattue oft LLe % sesoay “3 “300% ties ood a2 otetead opts doubde vetestade taco sont: oan kt iveitse evoliunes to- sqaseong edt af ev tosze on vd qiow ep al.ies henoltaem spod? ton vitaesive ote ,seveNans a? (eter adty) * alraqe ottatde tae ex (881° ea0f)\1 | fda thut tgaos ont qd bebtvtb.ed jevods Beton. en srean 4 +e Mt) | -okadiad. ade 89T2AgE. smo: Lattaoveeted ome otal ooveony i . ersdto baa (88d ‘aun 1. @£8L); tig lodur “a berobbeaco orton. td ‘So ide. ,nottteog at U8 karetes ton ‘todd feretel to & oo ¢(38 « @GBL) edewd vd Sotoerie0 ‘yhot Inttod ban eebeath a ‘ed? eetgpt) base hod tipeab vihdy bee (89-> 3 ant) bapa? + wad tLanodsl olere> vodepeae’ Montytom. 9 | . ebb edbbitanee ten: eth eLr tet howd tet ‘estqat woh ents sttet tenet as tebliv haw’, tele fotiweta’ tenot's sas giloM tad? ‘nin #T * goad be ezeiled ott BM nob at “ a to Labivted odd gatrebtenos to TO17Te ont ofat Ligt (388 8 ~wodt agrited oft, ad of yakndtod od? gattexsqes (a2voony! .eunodolgdvs mucrp 6a” setecape td eld at betaodbakes : staidclid bhevtaeo arutieqe , Simtotal paaltwd taaol cole | st "eigsol ,eudiloatgiam ,oudtanintetdys ,agdiiava a bird od . atiod sle atecsd aL eupewtaqup* ibaee oh PE, oxo teavsond0" al oofoe LL etemaltelh Potaq ofnet teq moa dlp .sougo f ~el $2 ebnoqetissoe étoq sLagp £2 (VG0 5 Seach ene ta sb ons sing: Pia eae ae y iain) hi 214 ti e non ai margini del corpo, e sembra dividere la testa in due emiaferi. Ognuno di questi porta una fosasetta oblones,-ovale, che si estende dall' apice a due terzi della lunghezza del corpo, é sembra di quattro quadranti suddivisi da due solchi sche s'in- erocciano." It is evident from his Fig. 3, Taf. V, that the "fossetta oblungsa" is the entrance to the bothrium, but he (docs not scem to have observed the actual opening, not even in either marginal sulcus! . Matz (1892 : 103) expressed the opinion that the bothria of this species were dorsoventral in position, while Ariola (1896 : 280) evidently on the basis of former diagnoses, placed the species among those of the genus Bothricephalus Rud. with "Botridi marginali". Stossieh (1898 : 115) also described the scolex as " ... subgiobosa, con botridii marginali, subter- minali, ovato-allungsti"; and Ariola (1900 : 398) finally correc- ted his own view of the external structure of the scolex by saying that "In esame anche superficiale dimostra pero che la posizione degli organi di fissazione non e quale fu ritenuta, perohe ciascun d*’essi corrisponde ad uns faccia larga dello strobila, o como si dice, sono dorsoventrali. I pretesi botridii marginali sono dati da un solco circulare, abbastanza profondo, che corre & guisa di un meridiano attorno allo scolice globoso, passando per l'tapice, @ dividuendelo come in due emisferi, uno destro a l'taltro sinistro," thus evidently ignoring the fact that Luehe had already (1899 ; 25) performed the service for students of the group, 23 pointed out with justifiable emphasis by the latter (Ariola, 190] : 414). The bothria in this species “re sac-like structures, formed phylogenetically, as indicated in the generic diagnosis, by the OP gab me Moot wh wtobly th sadam ie oRoe ide tana be save eonvlde wrtseeds aut. ob tey wWesmp th onweg0 aa ah uv0et og @ epiqe . + pte stgstes: te deities aie tig Lar Gup,: ab tervabsue: teqatbaap ontsaup.nth eres ae oat COAG gH Cig? yf. Qin etd au tmebive et Reis om dots ats tag, mr igdse vast of eons sta3 one af tag sno st ad ' | teins ai oyre. Poe ae Ape Lavine ont? bevronde: ‘svat of ‘fade awe®atqo sd? Romnecsso (cots ) 9800) atau ere | ok kite smokTloog sat Lichnenpnnite orew wesosge resales iad WeosoURy sth tomtol to elead edt go Ctaabive (ose + (3ed ary sg hast sviadqegkiizod auioy ols Se pacds:: quoms, wetnagias ‘bedteoves onla . (8It 4 899£) dotecote +" ebemtoram ee tetaye- . dL: atgrae btbtuted OO. yboadol rye: vee ° i“ | ~ovtsoo titse it {906 1 GORE) esotch baw i" Beysailonc Speier ke foow euls to ewwterriy Lea ate ete . wot | tate teod of vdeo Oro% axteomsh eLsteftreqae: eden | - @ avomete ddosen Bt waed te st ateup ® aon onotveeet. 4 . te'omoo © el idords elish sgrtel #ivesd wag he ebaor ee ; ss ttwb-omes kieateaem BLbtitod tavtorq ie Leahvalemestiitt th : gD eel 2 etxteo ado ~obay TR ose? natin ote lyonte ond . th peo lyati we chaneses “,cnovoly eotivos tires ontotte ote { * eute Leite ose Let i & civeth oaw , Ptwtutme swd at emoo olebas * Se: ae) elheovlse Cat efowi: iad Yon. ioits noMatys vibes Fs adhe ig: 0 Letsieg. 2.4 ~qQuotg sa? Qo etanbys tot sokvtes wxtn te ‘ | -o(PLh » L602 pehetsa) ra dibatk ‘eat yd atuadane ef¢ bemiol .evivtouvte edil~oce oq es ipege wide ad atest At, ” : weak wl \otsongeth ptrenee oe wt imboo thar ws ti to j ‘ 4 Athed #4 ‘a: RS ae be i) pith ie : iv ee Ti eee el oa Gy be WOR ta aD eae * i i a? rolling together of their edges or "walls" and the fusion of the latter for most of their extent "in such 2 manner that only a small 1a fewet (dorsoventral) opening in the region of the apex leads into the interior of the spacious, hollow organ of attach- ment." The size and shape of the opening itself varies consiera- bly in preverved material. It may be so small (Fic. 73) as to be seen only on very close examination or in scotions, or comparatively large (Fig. 77), depending on the stage of contraction or enlarge- ment of the bothria when the individual is fixed or preserved. During life it may be seen to undergo such variations in size while the whole socolex is being slongated and retracted during the char- acteristic sucking movements. Rudolphi (1819 : 477) correctly desoribed the bothria as " ... oblonga profunda et magna in vivis; in mortuis bothrii ostium parvum anticum adesse vidétur." In lateral view (Fic. 74) the bothria are seen to be more sharply oval or even conical in outline, as is consequently the whole scolex, owing to the fact that the dorsoventral diameter of the lumen of each is such greater in the posterior half than in ite anterior half. It will also be noted more olearly from this aspeot that the hinder borders of the bothria projeet a considerable distance beyond the true anterior end of the strobila, aothat the length of the scolex is not that of the bothrium, as many writers have evidently taken it to be, but as far as oun be determined from external views, more nearly that of the marginal sulcus, plus an extension of the same to the tip of the scolex, or, where the latter is retracted, to the anterior border of the labia. The breadth of the scolex was taken for the sake of convenience to be that of the add: /to ate tear? odd dost "aL Liows 20 aogbe ! at a tee 2 ie t n wae ' wo lar ‘} 7 tm. ian t ; ‘ ny Die al hte Gar fe ‘ ‘ t . oa . Ou \ We 7 a eee X° 5 ° , ; ‘ 4 ; A ‘ ip fre) Le ont odd geowted eogexeththe ete ae ‘ } : ti ; a} 7 MT te Bart ck pe ae — “OSG P14 Xe Lian ‘Ro eorhe edt OF OOER Soqads +elbhag: a . seh OTODTE peat pstwroun te odtL-hs anos. oF. phe anstone.g 1866 + L00L) mele di pgpotncaio 49 set besugtt bas, bedtnowph bas. (EPLY. cto? 4 Meet. $86 4, 008L) stotah doe: 4¥ Ry - at 208. $8 dS hOB,» OL QHOR Ww RM 2 MOREL}, Lia «ht agit é pales) wonsaeF et none bound? edt. ai it 78) 4 2004): onotnctol yd teat x0 (xr. 408 48 ann Raa 8 od. awee Lotustom ef zottiyr edt to. Lie at theoeetq 2: ths | yk hike a dg ot ‘tol are ade pees wet: ara ted {eeek mg sxou.of ee. pe daentnang oo et Feloon oft, Deinteies end tant Redon ed-ot, opts eb tz. fF «aan egth ont sagt opedt wad asad tom. om etidted saa ent enoaen: eo bechvoe sd: touconetts toad oxwpt? wp ‘alowed at at sag bosant? xodez2 62. bees agtqete. F3q" onnannset “ o'aotend bas 89 «ptt a cogenen senotoadol Le notte, eranay Ovonuy erdt, Med? -motesorgm BYVOMIOTIS en? rrta. cates ed dg (aes 1 SPRL) abso: 5 «xetooe ods Yo ght eat: ~thox gt Ro (axgee ebay) polsatree sd bewwhanoe fade an} ae sveugh? v@.dotow pnaheatese hequde -eLbbse ed? odd dire ,Yiiafsetecn opom ahtdios wd? Io APM 19GR i Sou dotde cusses: ma zeae eget whowen ad feuds cyen >, ie sa ~eiuales ,esonoatme owt ag betmmgd egy dohaw deed YLbatid- de : alt ‘jo aolfesitaco suettze of evh assed epad yan a | ti Jy, a LLtw tl .oveasp, afdt Yo seed odd invented ap oos reoalled that F. S$. Leuvckart (1819 : 46) saya in this connection that "An dem Xopfende ist eine kleine Vertiefung in der Mitte; die von den beiden sich hier vereinigenden Randfurchen herruhrt, wo- dureh ihre Rinder etwas erhabener werden. Die Grubchen sind kaum von der Gréese einea Nadelknorfehens und tief in Kopfe, s0 dasa es fast echeinen konnte, als waren sie wahre oscula," but his Fig. 36, very good in other resapests, does not do justice to his description ef these terminal etructures. Of. also Loennberg's (1893 : 15-17) B. negleotus, the figure for the scolex of which looka very much like B. orassiceps. There is no neck in this species, segmentation beginning immediately behind the scolex (Fig. 76) and being complete thruout the strobila, which echsracters are also given by Luehe (1899 : 44) for the cenus: "husgere Gliederung vollkommen, ein gegliederter Hales fehlt." As regards this quotation, it would appear thet the "“segliederter"® is either superfluous or a lapsaus calami for "unge- gliederter." The anterior border of the first segment, a greater part of which is obseured by the hinder edges of the bothria, is constantly somewhat narrower than the latter, but its posterior border isusually about the same width even in such contracted specimens (Fig. 73). Its outline is somewhat trapezoidal, while ite length is slightly greater than that of the segment immediately following. The breadth of this first segment varies anteriorly from 0.40 to 0.92mm. and posteriorly from 0.55 to 1.16, -- Linton's measurements are 0.78 and 1.07, respectively. Following thia the segments are closely set, five to six times as broad as long, while their somewhat thickened posterior borders protrude on either side TLS | | A cr i CEE Bok i) fe | | pi ee bh ee i Hy c noifoanneo pinti mt exon (Bh 4 acac)» tn sigised: B , todd {sey okb povdl¥ tob of guabe tire eatets carte tet ebro tapk mah mani ~on .Stdizted modqast hes aebvogia iaaey. y9fd deka meoted ash’ eust bate aocogtigh e240 vitebraw tanedadne sawte cebagie 7 al 29 Reoh on, -ehoet «i tek) haw enodetedatsebeall pape cal a 8S). ett ate tee" aivoeo etulsw ole) aera ade. sopmaid nearoda , molighzored pai o¢ opktent ob fon Pook: ieahait netvo gt | a (Vi-34 9 BeBL) égeedghned oo La. 4 TD, agouti. Lantnss 9m . _ feum grer asoos dp ide: ie zoLooe a8 Tob art? edd 9g | 28 | es es Aa 4.2? RNS — patnatped nttint ania (8620998 sid? at iooa on at = tuosnd? stoLlqune. gated hae (ay Bk) x0 Lowe nist nadediee (a) + GOBL). edewd ee “mowte: ors ors. arstorrndy, do tebe ¥ ‘Tabtebetigen ate memos iiov gnumehe tse oreecul® te: ad? tea? s20qq2. ‘bivor at sna lietnyn aldg- abempyn eb: é * ~oRnas® sot ime Leo eumagad 2 20) avons eaquw anit te, eb af toteesg = tonugee tetl? oct: to sebzed rofisetas af? on ol at (aizdtod sd?) lo. eaahe- gobatd ont ve bexuoede el tolreteog st. tud erettal: edt aad? TewH)I Tae fedvonme x betesitcon dode a2; aeve db tw, emee odd Sunde! ekidn ,Leblorvseqetd todvonoe et eatiszo. atl. .f8% inthe Cicstethemah tarages «dt to tad# aad? xpeteeng pitdadls ebcd YlroLtetae eahiey Inqaynee tepid. atid to dthee¢ ed? v a'potanl = .8i.£ of A. mowd ¥Pretiednog ae sense, cred! ed? elit palwoklot syherttvoeees .%.f heatt0 exdretm efide «pmol ae beotd au somite ale ot avi? yton rer oxaei obie redtle mo abutter etébrod teksetecg Henetelde a (as well aa dorsoventrally) 30 as to give the strobila a serrate appearance (Pig. 76). It 4a here that the formation of new pro- g@lottides takes place by the subdivision of preexisting segments. This serrate appearance is also presacnt in the posterior part of the strobila where the proglottides are quadrate to twice as long as broad. The menaurements of the first proglottisa showing eges in the expanded end of the uterus (uterus-sac), in 2 fairly re- laxed strobila (Fig. ), was 0.50mm. long by 0.93 broad, while one further back where the uterine cavity was 0.61 x 0.48mmn. was k.3kmm. long by 0.83 broad. These measurements are, however, of only relative value, since another strobila of the game are but sontracted during fixation might show the same regions more like those farther ahead and thus, in aleoholio, specimens evidently younger. 3 But posteriorly, however, each serration does not nec- esgarily define the posterior border of a proglottis. This is due to the presence of spurious articulations, possibly included in Wagner's "articoulatio spuria” (vide infra). These are furrows which arise laterally, where they do not stand out ag distinctly, however, ss the true posterior borders of the proglottides, but do not pass to the median line. They are not present in all of the posterior proglottides nor are they symmetricaliy arranged. In the following exeerpt from his more complete diagnosis Pudolphi (1819 : 477) aia not refer to these atructures: "Articuli breves, margine posteriore inorassato utringue exstante, quo eorpus serratum fist. Arti- culi oeterum inaequales, ut passim augustiores et longiores interourrant." 4 a R ai ‘ i» h ' a i fe Aalst ’ \ : 7 - Ay wre ; rae po “~ : : A 4 6c as Si: : Pee gy oe ee ' 2 a - t qrexiee « alidaute wilt gyitg of ee Oe (eitestanvownobiea EES bt age (eee cor ott) tenes cmt a sacs b a akite chewed 80.0 qd goad! .mitsO sew yl) uma). whe a Ror . Od .O £040" ar et teae ealeE aie att « ania was to terewod ete etusmecessa ead? . leaored SHO hal tut eae emee esi? % sitdorte tedtons: Conte carbene “ease “0m pabtget * — et bode tigi sontakt? gabe pibeshtre een tecge «oALodonls ok awe tts Bante -s che kon seob- mb leersee “sone ‘toweirott «Wlrelzeta0g 0 ohie tee eek PoRgory’ ate sebrad totrotacs sad omits - betyloans eidtrrog vite tte okt 2a, axiodaoye 6 fvorte® sie coded? °. fetiod ober) wetaurge on Atta" WWitemitetd or two haste son'ot ent sited vesherebatig sud ,oolit?oiger¢ ef? To erebrad: nolpeteon, esd eane edt to [fe gw saw ete toe ech Yat. vs pak as thom one ot at’ .t% weharrte Gi Lan Ix emmys! age. eta Ton peniteotgany % itqfota? a beangadeth ate (opmae wsom: eit: mor STR OWY: | 3 | 0 rot vtperne secdd of geles fom nar (t a otfueeion! etettdiie; eatgsem eeowvetd Bier bevA ~207) .02e3 sorbereec engkoe owe: « GENT OTO oupingatys de estottuuges mheneg ty ,eetrpentt mete em /* emecamot eden 4 7 ae “yy ve while F. S. Leueckart said only that "Die ersten Glieder am Kopfe schmaler als die Ubricen, dann folgen fast gleichbreite, die letzte Halfte der Glieder breiter als lang, mit deutlichen, weissen Ovarien." which refers to "der beschreibene nicht ganze Wurm ... 1-1/2" lang." Diesing (1863 : 3236) described the strobila se " ... @llipticum, articulis ad medium usque inoredgscent- ibus, inde descrescentibus, marginalibus postices utringque prominentibus, articulo singulo plica transversali diviso ... * which latter refers obviously to Wagener's "articuio spuria"; while it is also to be seen that, as regards the shape of the atrobila, he was dealing with ieee contracted specimens, the length being cited as ranging from one and a half times to two inches. Ariola (1900 : 397) said: "Strobila snteriormente assai pie stretto dello scolice, a guisa di peduncolo; le prims proglottidi sono rettangulari, strette, ma rapidamente ei allargano; raggiunta la massima dimensione, la conservano sino all witimo tratto del corpo, dowe nuovamente si restringana. Le proglottidi mature hanno angula posteriori arpena visibili; le ultime presentano forma trapezoidale." and Johnstone (1909 : 89) stated that "The posterior proglottides are much broader (in the transverse axis of the strobila) than they are . , ‘ube ‘i mae ie howe bey ; : | , a abt ae AVA et: | Pi we aw. iy : DAS * : ‘ , Lek Se | ‘tadd [ino bio. treteoad 0 Oth ofe cedeming eyoN me mebetlO aetersel0* 9. Shh st tortie bebg test, gone? musi | sonic hn ‘e to gael sic settomd tebehlS -azsb, stilah etetet — / | : "< abr oeO sage tom Meo toute "8 \Ladb 4) veg Beery SR Hey sdots enadtorios sd rep" oF sie a | | es aiidorte odd boc trowed (aes : sos) sateen a Pr apes au kha be etivo ite . sito tg Rito ey slgke teeaq. end ban tytem sudtencoseroesh ebal see < oe an lhg oLugate ea ict ud ttaontnong: igh gas ee * cee Optvah 2bners Pato ofyotsas" o' xenogeW ot vewolvdo sxeter 3 uae 0 atade odd off ebreger eo stadt Sede od ot vote & 4 edt veaemtoncs hetouxt aco, Koww atte galtarh caw 8 < ond oF comb? Vind 2 Das one wax guigmes ow bette § | | Sthtaw (266-1 008R). otra | otsente ota seania ofaomactretas tio" a dmtser ef toconmubng $b solug a seetioon | oa .ottorte ,telupnetter onda £btite: | dmleeam ei atnusyger jonegre liz te 6 attun? enets iw Sie opt ki cnsreoasge at — : rN - Seeargnt edn Or Le etasmevoun ewob!: voues 2 mnt anog'is trotnednes slirgee onted oxotea LhittoL | sal *,elshioseqett aero? nat amaany enioke ot ast ede tne betate (86s 200i)! rotor a2) 2eiwoid dow aus cobéttoledsn robnoteoq eat " ers yod? medt (altdoxte of? Lo ube ) enteviiaerd ‘ + - se long (in the longitudinal axis of the strobila); and their anterior extremities are narrower than the posterior ones, 30 that the edge of the stro- bila appears to be serrated. Secondary segmenta- tion of the proglottis often occurs." In fine, Wagener, Diesing, and Johnstone are, te the writer's knowledge, the only workers who have referred to this spurious articulation or subdivision of the scgements into false secondary segments, -- although Luehe (1903 : 629) repeated the etatements of the first two authors. Furthermore Warener did not figure the adult strobila of the apecicsa to show the structures in question, but in the legend for Pig. 79, Taf. 7 of Dibothrium heteropleurum, -- now, Amphicotyle heteropleura (Dieeing) -- says only thet "Man sieht die artioulo spuria, welche die echten Glieder, wie bei Dibothrium crassicers, in der Witte theilt", and further, ag regards the difference in structure of the sidee of this species, "Der Schein entsteht durch die noch dichtere Zu- sammendrangung der Felten der wahren und falschen Glieder auf der coneaven Seite." In his legend (p. 61) for Fig. 6, the egg of Q. erassiceps, he @lao said: "Jedesa Glied hat in der Mitte eine Falte, die ihm dae Ansehen giebt, ales besatunde «s aue zwei Gliedern.® Thus there is reason to believe that for this epecier no one (apart from Linton's Pig. 258) hes ac yet deseribed nor ficured what the writer here calle spurious articulations, but that these workers were referring to the secondary division of the segments of the anterior end of the strobila which proceeds in the manner :(altdorte od? to wise: Leatiort tyoral pdt. inal peti aad? séewortex sts- on.tt tmexdxe tetredne tind? ban othe ‘ate Yo Gene ont deae be eeme sotteteoy ‘edd eet Te Tir Pooses :Sereries’ ‘et or eréeqee’ elda : ® , et Noo9 Led stenaigone ot Pro aoae ina i Prep? .et6 oxnteation bar wares Bene, : etdd ag t a'r xoton aved oie bteasow van eat ptrelesan eter oF4% staeugen edt ‘to ote ty thatwe, %0 wanealen toan iy Pt i hn _ oat Bete os ese r B09!) adi oard dgvedt ie - -~ - eta One (Pan oe ae toa bin. <1 atone axour ot rist esodtua one death oat ai ie Nh Te? Gi es° tows re oat node. ot ep tonqn val! to attdocte tiyba 4 Bile sitodia ‘totter WEY ait a9) puree od? at ‘tod eXig <= “ (aatonsd) Le Lgonetad ofyteg tuama 00 = a see aoe doe 4th adofer \atieqs algo tise ott taste cs bas (Pet tot® stein o80- xh ago innate sutasited Ig ted ak Re eettn ott: To out guste. et. sonoxet hth eas: abreges a ! : “US oz odapth hermner wh tons dotetas ehaaee a “onto : teb tga teh #219 emtoa ist bee we sdan ab norks of nob ser a Bo.gee ade 8. pet wet (£8-54) dasart ati al. "atin sate etcit seb ot ted be tid sebat* tibet cela ed bead 7 ? Sgtsheblf Raw, eum we ob: asttiets gta aaty memes ean iT? et | win om a6iseges eta? tel dad? Ovni ee ot mneet ef ono rf - ‘ff AH Cy batsrzt} tow hed izee mn had ee and (AAG ptt a ansans Tis u esedt tad? tud ane ite ite aan burye wlfLao ved aah: ofaveges of¢ Yo note kth TTAbRUD ae dy OF gnirietes: exon -~ [orieem oat at ebhoooety dgtdn ok kdorte wit to et soberan Bel described for B. scorpii et al, altho not so clearly (Fizs. 76 and 78). This is borne out by the fact that the spurious articulations described here never reach the median line of the strobila, much less pass completely across it as do the true posterior borders of the proglottides (Fig. 79). In one moderately relaxed atrobila the first segment showing spurious articulations appeared ii.?7mm. from the tip of the scolex, while in another which was quite contracted, especially anteriorly, 4.8mm. In the former case the next two pairs of these structures, -= and all of these in -question harpened to be bilaterially symmetrically situated, -- appeared in the fourth and thirteenth segments foliowing. The following table gives various external measurements of specimens in alcohol, which may be of use for comparison: Number of specimen 204.1 204.3 204.3 204.4 382.1 359.2 Little Length 87mm . 92mm. 43mm. more than 29mm. 72mm. scolex Length of scolex . (lateral view) 0.87 0.59 0.46 0.43 0.63 90.83 Length of bothrium 1.08 0.77 0.64 0.64 1.00 1401 Breadth of scolex (bothrium) 0.75 0.87 0.53 0.53 0.67 0.90 Thickness of same 0.87 0.64 0.68 0.58 0.74 1.21 Breadth of Seg. I Much con- 0.40 0.37 wees ©6008 082 (anteriorly) tracted Ditto, posteriorly . Ditto 0.53 0.60 0.53 0.74 1.16 Thickness, posteriorly 0.37 0.38 0.24 0.37 Oe SPuhees Greatest breadth | Anterior part of prog. 1.01 0.82 1.06 sees 1-30 ceee Posterior " ° ? 1.11 1.04 1.16 eee 1.48 1.38 bana OF .e42%) ylaecle,.ca ton oft ie ula: te tigqzoge -g 102 Wedexoesh | ado ktelvc tor evolivgs ot? tant Poet ote %S, 790 srred st elit Me ; us Ma dolm ,aiidowde off to enti aethew edd dosetcowen ened bed! o8: te exeLsod soltotaod ee2t odd sob *% 22 eeotos _letelquen — ' | edt Siidorss byxeies vieteuvebos ane ef, 483 vatt) Worse % worl . met. {i Searaeqge wmode Lise tome sucttuge yoiwode , hbotoartnos e8 kup ocr dolaw sedécas at of tw xoLlone edt m4 out tmow eds oeno teaxrot edd al 20. é iva tvetns ef bereqwid aoltecup af evedt to ila tae -- eomutounte ogeae dtawot sf ai doxseqie = betaudte Vino tn Pomsye wis ts rgstwos iot ataompee to .etaem xuecen faciere avobsey bovis elsse gatwosiot _ ese BregmOd we? oes io od ten dotdy -fodoo ts ae eee 2 ‘ ot i Pehbie eee 2308 8 5.908 8.206 | 88 OF ee 2 FG ei mast + AME medd ogom + eat ams S » BANS pte eee san : “ae loos mye 2) sei genni E6.0 &8.0 @,0 86.0. eBg 98.0 bei a {0,0 00.5 © 99.0) 00.6 Wg) Boe | 02.0 98.0, 84.0 4 €8.0 98:0 *as.0. {5.5 08.0 66.0 B80 28.0 8.0 go:0 80.6 |... YE. Oh.O -eoe! dev ais Ot.k 88.0 $2.0. 06:8 SEO “apaatoe far of 62.0 6.0. s0 S88 ee Sram "00,5 tee 80.4 88.0 . £0,4- -spoaq %. : OB ki OO.0. avaris OSG bO-2. ieee .. 232 None of the above six specimens were considered to be complete posteriorly. The posterior proglottis will be dealt with below under the exoretory system. Posteriorly the uterus-sacs appear as a series of gradually enlarging, dark punctations, as desdribed below, not so pronounced, however, a3 in B. seorpii. The cuticula varies in thickness from 3 to 5¢, the most common measurement being about 3.64. Resting on a distinet base- ment membrane, well shown after the use of Mallory's atain, it is divided into two strata of equal thickness by @ granular layer, the components of which scem to be related to the bases of the stout, somewhat club-shaped bristles or "hairs" which constitute the outer moiety. While the inner stratum was found to be homo- geneous with the stains used, the outer showed two intensities of color, an inner lighter and an outer darker. The former repre- sents the narrowed central ends of the spindle~ or club-shaped iebatees, while the latter is determined by the well-stained bodies of the bristles themselves. Linton (1901 : 473) gaid that "the cuticula is covered with minute spines", but Johnatone (1909 : 88) said concerning these structures; "I oan see nothing of this kind in the species before me." All over the scolex and in the form of a band on the posterior borders of the proglottides (Fig. 82) these bristles become modified into stouter spinelets from two to three times as long and everywhere directed posteriorly, quite like those desoribed clsewhere (Cooper, 1914b : 85) for Haplobo- thrium globuliforme, but much longer relatively; thus indicating their function as aceessory organs of attachment. The largest ; SN SIRS ee ON ev Te fa) i ¥ erg \ fy Pena Ws va : 4 Sea . iv j } iV { ve A or vi Ta oy pie od of Letedbignca ew. nueatoese xn ebb snes woled atte tesh of LLtw abteotgeuq tebreteug eat “aettorces . oe ttpite Roget etoge| ade’ : | vi lseubaty 30’ hetnes & 8S TH9\Gs HORe-kopety oat ‘xivoageteot mes * Saemsorey y ree | veolog hedrahm ed ea sanmbneaiee: < ws ; aig -Aangpe 8 nd wg RM OGt4 4 S.0?--2 goad snsndo nie yak esiuar eluottuy: 9 ~8aad; souttath O mo galteety. 5 4 8.8 tude: pated ‘taemet | | ei @2 wmiata «6 hyrolLall to ‘nest odd: notte nwode hhow- ennsde | ctemps solwier gy * “eC - econo tilt Seups. ‘to staxte’ uae | ody to O9RaC odd ot teteles ad oF mse dotdw: to 3 ee “7 whist teenes iho bit: Sectad® yam) voltekad boqatendase . vsaon, | ~omed: a6 -od Dawot ast aubante renee ad? estan. -. sxtoton a! to gota eccotat ant dewode nests add sdoctr enbate ott soe - | i surg neil + redtad 20K9 ae ae ved ight 1 a = | Roqede -Syte “a walba tye edt tw ebae ioxdae : xan 8 | Peatete «Llqe adt Xd beatexeteb at vottads ads. ai ; fads Dies, (e%s 1 L08L) notatt asyoamedt vosoutn oat . C065) emotendot tad .“eentge essmaim at tw beteveo. et, ; ie F “it Pr oii? Ie Beat an aoe aap IF {sousdeurte evedt setaasonee ) ed? at bas xalace wt Tava ILA. 2, om exvoled colosge oHtt) aabittolsoty edt to ainbucd ror18900q ed? ay. based owt mort al slantye sstuese otal be MRbbeae ‘emoced soktolnd eving .yltolietsgeg betoorlb STORU TEAMS, baa geod ne aumie) ,e ~gdoigai tot (38 : Gdi6£ ,xegood) arpcrsate bad tuoveh vod wiitcoibat eudt ;yLevideles tenack dou gag gato? ecegsal off .Saqmdosita te exegto Trossoocs 6m 6 ott HUA) f sets w ray) Q spinelets are in the middle of this band, those at the edges, that is in the antero-posterior direction, gradually merging in length into the bristles of the cuticula of the neighborhood. Furthermore they are arranged in the same manner on the posterior borders of the spurious articulations and all the secondary segments situated in the anterior portion of the etrobila. They were originally re- ferred to by Yagener (1854 : 5) and later by Diesing (1863 : 336) ("artioulo singulo ... postice olliis instructo"), by Cohn (1902 : 55) and by Luehe (1902 ¢ 238, 347) who considered "dass es sich nicht um in die Cuticula einzesenkte Stacheln handelt, wie bei dem ‘Stachelkieide so vieler Distomen,sondern nur am Fortsitze der Cuti- eula, durchaus analog denjenigen, welche Looss an der bereits oben citierten Stelle fur Haematoloechus asper abgebildet hat.® The cubouticula, about 20» in thickness, consists of fairly elongated cells, the nuclei of which are situated at their central ends close to the vitelline follicles, while their boundarics are difficult to ascertain, the whole layer thua being more of the natuze of a syncitium. For about one third of their length immed- iately beneath the cuticular the cytoplasm becomes broken up into &® number of more or less parallel processes which stand out in dis- ‘net contrast with the deeper inner ends of theeells especially in transverse sections. _ The parenchyma, everywhere encroached upon by the voluminous reprodwtive organs, is in the form of a comparatively open reticulum showing no features of special intersst. It is naturally most abun- dant in the posterior flared enda of the proglottides. In small strobila it is more compsct in structure and has relatively more } *eat peonds edt te onodd hued ete a eikbis ott: ak ne) | Segaet mt guteten Vilewkwrs: etodtoerth coleateoq-orstas att m y eromnsdd ut . Dood odity2ed eed te abe ttn ade to ealtetrd ede: ¢ . “i “Ee etebrod tediedeoy > aay. ae eacittom ouuay oe ae ogmensa wreny vi botautic etagdRes gieliceoe rd? fie how ceo trate Mis as 1 mil | ~e% Cina: ‘Gio o2ew od? ves pions ‘eat te. ao s0q vornatae tt ida f C8BL} ‘gainosl Ee retad. nee (2 + eter) Q88 we ¢ 80GL)umfod ef ,(*otewrtan2 eitife eutteor oer OLagete, © : deta se'enab* Bevebtanso ode (396: WBE sons), econ oi aed toe of. 2tobnet aigunsde ohinseegate: aivo stud: enh a " LttH> met oxtkedeot me tue mines Remotes wolsiv oe ebteda | serie. atieved wed me caoed sifolew maginetand gOtene: sai © bed: Solet ideas. soya autora los amiba “nwt ekhets | qixist MS etekenon vopdmnio ide ae 4 O8 tuyda: aloo tevedue Lextnep «sae te: betaut te ors do tw to telous ont <7 ote Pekrebersd Theme edie antonio saetiesiy, edt ote 65° to oxbe gated owis soyet ofodtw ort: bier eeows| ai @ -bemgh @Pgael xted? to brid? exo dsyoda tot aioe somye 8% otat qu mevord eenoned avelgotyo ont ‘a6Laottuo edt a “etb nt two beete fo id searenew fal tance -seet s6 exom eye nt Cilvtosme eftivadt. td shane fenat seqeronh, oct dtiw ts 0 evontsufus aft y@ Hoty Beresotet evddwysevs \aungemeneg & ariubives m570 TiLovlserkeMdo s Ye -wrot od? al ef sre ovine ~uitd Yeon yiLirotin bE YT) .tWaleimt La sonee 16benise ang fiage AT .eottevolgord ety Yo- atts betel? rettetooq odd a etom Yleviselox wat te isFourd ‘mi forages aie etn Z ® ~ + at 2 a iii 4 Bras: S ae nuclei in its meshes. Distinet spaces, formerly occupied by esleareous bodies, such as are readily and distinotly seen in the parenchyma of B. scorpii, were found neither in the scoiex nor in the strobila; nor were these structures noticed in living material. The musculature is composed of the typieal three seta of fibres, interferred with in the usual manner by the large reproduc- tive orgens and their external openings. The sagittal and coronal series are only moderately developed, while the longitudinal series if about 104 in thickness and situated within the coronal scries. Ita fibres are arranged in bundles of irregular shape (in cross- section) and width but of this uniform thickness, excepting where they are naturally much flattened out dorsally and ventrally by the distended uterus-sac. Otherwise they are continuous from joint to joint. A very weakly developed series of outer longitudinal muscles is also present while the muscles of the posterior border of the proglottia (vide Luehe 18972) are poorly developed, in faot even less 30 than in Bothriooephalus, s.str. The cuticular musculature is typical. In the scolex the coronal fibres are better developed than the sagittal ones and pass around the bothrium closer to its lumnn than tn its external surface, while the latter are mostly confined to the region between the bothria. The inner longitudinal muscles of the strobile pass forward into the sacolex, dividing as they meet the lumen of the bothria to pass around them and attach themselves to the margins of the apertures. They are thus directed somewhat obliquely as shown in Johnstone's Fig. 18 andjlesé¢ribed Qe 09 vane running irregularly, probably obliquely, round the walls of the ‘he beteupon RL rome - ceabarestontye be inbbonelaatl a oit.o2 deve Yltonlieth ime: Tipit: ete ec dows, esethor. a wie ; Gh TOM BURG ome al Lod boat Kawa 20%, threes 6G Dozer ‘el 4 »saisotom pet wit. a BOO Log MOTT biuret os cmd, CtAW Bet pabidestey ‘ rp, Sa etes. conde Lan tove cede te Bosagaoe et a San moashansre's equct od? yt eogmm fouse edt wt ig ke “Sqanehuada ds (el Laugica saad dest ijae oakth “saertati “has ot he - nee rer an eelrten Laahbat tno d wah al hate ah hegalov dd thet axehow ysno : $uek3ee . 62 titan cele ,gainego off \ fo ehte- ‘nQae Me asam gird sai Cae ehsoltetma eiwtiegs odd, oeeote FF ek Ver° othe ‘eat taerg kev tt er sqmoe | “Oth Atty aon? do baw iheteuaetes ete gbeiquen taomts off tot eraioos >e@ YLtotrolwey tie’ eebieen ‘Sto iiooe pevaeeesg. qthuns Ya oe eusttege ot te “beewnet Letted ger? elosum etdd Yo motterrtaes Cuisewoyel | aN .xeLooe ext Romi? o€? abrawot! gatinegs add sate & Ytaoitrve: .retomidgs etst sade Laka ed. ot er eh: | mt-sologem Lemtduttgmol ed? taw .eardtt: faenox0o to: wt mt? to ainemeven eat ai ofos Sactiome etom 2 vets 908 | genus ouptido edt to*tasooon md. egrets acdto ane Ob a Qalideininte at fos yltasbive biitow yeu? mevdeh Lamtioy ; taicotiy eff bidow gs tiLaw on autedted ad} Yo memut ott bans = vtbetal ed% to werent (ta ( ébasnte Leatietigact’ que to wtetenco werege rt oe i hetagnole tagwomos ond meod of xeLoom ed? to: ett od Poe View tgezeqe0 tvo prliace toe: 202022 wot ola te. tat tow , edgar do Satao Wit alsdotts of? af / iebtdtod eit Oo @ om ont at UUlertaor bed astt tu stay Wodomegh at 4) 08 od: 4 7 : ¥ et, fi. medullary parenchyma just within the longitudinal muscles and from one-fifth to oge~quarter the width of the strobila from its lateral margins (Pig. 80). About half wayalong the acolex the strands are about 8O0p in ciameter, while the somewhat amaller genglia are close together about 0.15mm. from the summit. In other Words the chief strands enlarge and diverge graduslly until the equatorial region of the scolex is reached and then diminish in size as they converge to form the ganglia. A pair of prominent _ merves is sent forward on each side to supply the saddle-shaped grocve described above. In young strobilae the nerve strandsere situated midway between the doresl and ventral surfaces, and not ventrally. The excretory system consists of a pair of longitudinal vessels, situated ventrally, that is in the same frontal plane ag the chief nerve strands, each vessel being in the anterior end of the strobila about half way between the nerve strand and the median rows of reproductive rudiments. These vessels break up in @ very irreguiar manner into extremely elongated loops, so that for con- siderable stretches four vessela will appear while again the ‘branchings will be so numeroug as to make it very difficult to de- Gide, on looking at a transvere seotion, which are the main chan- nels (Fig. 76). In other individuals four veasels appear, so that - We must conclude that the pair just mentioned represent the latter fused at times but separated again to form the loops. But whether these four vessles represent the typical four of other orders it was found impossible te decide, excepting from compari sone with other species of this order. These main vessels may continue back bie @e Loss aac ages exis in aust te text emptanorag eatin wth mort BLkdoute cit Redth be! ott ett anp-aae oF OTE emo 8 art? eine: at pubingon ‘Rad teothk (08. set): entyiam tal Lame Scho gana, ice nl Rae aTebome kh ot Ba ed tuoda’ wee: i ‘adto at chia ode ome E'3. «AML 4) tots xedregad Mote’ om | ert Lined oplfadberg ayy awit ban optankent, cenit Ye2do¢ et lee sabwse gets foe bedeigce: et mt SLO a: ods Le BOL BAT « ‘ taanitagtiy: to Thag Ak »akhgmary wilh ao ad egrHraoe yodd: Leonuigen Lb bae od yiique oF oble daa’ a0" ‘Dyers? tase 8 wee shaants evwert sits oni. tdorte pasoy ATs «anor heats “oer Bese sonatas fanaa ba. en oe angnaes ™* iyi ney ., ap we i ot a Sy <—. es) Lettbes tuned to x20 ato anes iii coven . ii #8 sarig: Lotaott aaaiadl ott mh en dudd- yUthertiaey dota , i We Inge totrodme oft at sated tenner doa iabnenty rae pation. wht dice: hawt? & ewred | sat: arent of yer Vlad ¢ ager: ome ay deand eloosey saedt, vatmomtows ork % ~xvo' bot tad? oe ,eqool betagnals, ylementze., ohm Toamea a | AO akan OS. tidin eegege ORE Ie eLoweey moh sendoseate “Oh oF. testis 2 yiev G2 ead of 9s, suoreaum on ied kite: nde mine) ido delew tobtede winmaeet a) eaiistinaicdl fndt oo ,.20@ite. efeenty ‘qwot oleh tethers: sagto. al «(Ot . r Lettad odd daoeecqon tghio bP aren tong thoy aft taddy eto cudeeie tue .egdel odd wret ot hags.’ rhe tataqee tad a i: $2 wrebee todto to cue? Leckey? alt taceeuqer eofeuen iat dtiwoumoe(toqmos aoKt Rett geond” , ohhood G2 | sie boeounh food ouittace tsa elesaer ulan sone ehanias etdy oe are: ra) (aN) ~“ into the ripe joints close alongside the uterus-sacs, but they usually break up into a very diffuse reticulum throughout the medullary parenchyma in the region where the openings of the cirrus and vagina pierce the cutioula in development. Behind this region it was found impossible to trace the main vessels with satisfaction. The system usually passes into the scolex 4a two vessels, but soon breaks up into an elaborate reticulum which ramifies between the bothria and throughout their walls. These branches are shown in Johnstone's Fig. 15. As regards the conditions of the excretory system in the extreme posterior end of the btrobila, the material at hand permits of only negative conclusions. In the yopngest strobilac, such as that shown in Fig. 77, the vessels converge posteriorly to open into a notch in the cuticula, there being no definite pulsatile vesicle such as is present in plerocercoids of the genus Proteocephaius, for instance. From this and the further fact that Wagener (1857 : 93) showed (Fig. 6, Pl. II) the main vessels in a very small strobila, which he examined while it was alive, passing separately to the outside, we are led to conciude that the vesicle, if every present, must have been situated in the walls of an enveloping cyst and disappeared with the latter aa in the Trypanorhycha or the Cyclophyliidea. Thia seems to have been Wagener's idea of the situation when under his Fig. 65 (1854 : 68) he said: "Man sieht keinen pulsirenden Schlauch am spitzen Schwanz- ende. Esa muss dics Thier auf ahniiche Weise entstanden sein, wie das in Pig. 74 dargeatelite," and Fig. 74 is that of "Dibothrium (Belones?)" from Scyllivm canioula enclosed in a cyst in the walls of which "man sieht der Gefasse der Geatodenblase." Yous sud ,eoes~-eimety odd, epteganta scone tntot eaten at ‘sealed Iwodsuors mas Lary the ought tth yey 4 ott) us feesd x : ea (ee partip ade to MahtgegQe eit expect aclury sft, at. smvgdonere conti . om | muiges = Mt Rumikeil, bees tered: Gk alve dtu ast sorsty on. = vt | sno bho. ‘telten dgedw einasov mae hy Stans: oH eistenolas dewor 8 | fooe jud yedbeqe® ont. wx zetoos odd ott : nn seh fnwnie 4 Bip. odd nsemted sofiime éotdw auivo tres etetedale: as. coats wt t moods pis ecdonend. seedy selLew rhode twodguorset nae 8 Yxolpaees cus Bo nackethacn edt. abseges wa, 50h 3am #4 _ datembem edt .altdorte ett ta bas nostateog smortxe © #eepagoy ot. sl senotealonce ev itspea Xino to ats eyzeva00 elomsev oft .ST .a2t ot mwode ted? en ous 4 3 Om Bates sited? tality ede ol dot ea é otah siaheidt, ; = to Bh too ivoozet¢ at taeue7q of ee dose eloteey siite . test uf af? Due etde: wort ssogetect ros. auiedzenosten® etnies edd. (12 8 y® e288), Dowedts (e@-2 et) gee Fb odin Keates ed dott , ehtdorte: Lemcyesy ehiissipo oF bel 91a ow sSbdndsto ed? of: ‘phorouneny..4 ed? At. hacgaente ased evel tes. Oneeony qievs: wy fo ke mi.as vettel mie tix boteorqyaad baw tere autqoLevan Aved vvad of PaEse ntdt .abLisqdamdoyD edt so edmumec (60 : /86L) CO .eht etd tohay aode ‘gobi sit te edt Yomi -anerdo®? oset tqe en douekdet dohaetialudg non tex pe asks oly ates gedeorat ap su tell oni Liou Lane: Tots? estd room muitsTOULI® Yo tedt ek PV. sQenegis a-ahoptute say obom Let at otaamso% (2088 | alive apoode. oltiveca iat énon exutragetd ag ott h whl du ateouge oLime | & seiaeiab’ ats a ie wk yodol is &, oneseo hs tuirtolgorg enooha: ah ni a . ae a + .otuvnege db erengen ©. biabhowehize ve vol weg aun 86d. ko arodoatedo. sds BBigt ind we tech AVGE 2 CO8L) afobth abide. vated nog odd Lo aoxeteot f * _ £0 te enmnig Lsdines Pontes sok 7 l *.{82-.9 8) Papeory bf) ,sadisu ak tesaorto teomSe Uli ZT a) Svode ae , betas ef baa teeewets mf. meno, 0/ oF bahia won pei ed@xvot~orv1is motl baa ¢yliawved peal asipom ‘eat wt ‘eoune | ~sebted «adicedne's PE one wiMolaony oft to: “atgtet ott utin ie : ota Yoss node eno tyakeo bpce enokiver ealiiatall roltdtesy ve x a Aa. d . ‘ae % > ce Ra aio} é i . Tearek ser. |. a? : Pe i eae yay Sila Po f ? wi T oh tay i. °?) le, - ¢ B* “4 as, a i ae , e aes Bey Re ys i8 | us I : R 631 present. At the bottom of this sinus there is a secondary cloaca ("Geschlechtstasche® or "Ductus hermaphroditiocus"), also circular in outline, from 15 to 35p in diameter, and into it open the cirrus and vagina quite close together, the latter immediately behind the former, This secondary sinus is best ssen in sagittal sections (Fig. 82). The genital pore (the opening of the main sinus) is éleyated slightly above the general dorsal surface of the immediate neighdorhood, thus appearing as a low cone or crater. No sphincters were found to control the openings of either of these sinuses but the cuticula of the floor of the larger or outer wag seen to be modified into coarse, low, rounded and close set papillae which are evidently ef special intortance during copulation. As regards the latter it was concluded that these papillae would sefve to temporarily fasten the structure into the primary sinus of another proglottid, when it is possibly everted with the sirrus. Nothing #23 ouperved on copulation in this species during life nor were any eases of protruded cirrus met with in the material ot hand. | All of the proximal portions of the reproductive organs, excepting the vitelline follicles, are located in the meduilary parenchyma, although the much distended uterus-sae, originally in the latter, extends almost to the cuticula on both the dorssl and ventral surfaces. Fig. 81 shows their arrangement in toto. The testes are closely arranged in the medullary parenchyma in two lateral fields, otah bounded laterally by the junctions of the doreal and ventral layers of longitudinal muscles and medially by the other reprodudtive organa (excepting the vitelline glands) which occupy in the quadrate proglottides about the middle one-third 4 sewoke yishdooss o et erott emirte.ie Lat no setted: nas he ae ae aye " eairot to outs (ano tt thera gamed satowt® 20 *edosage olde if eis ste eutd: page Pb otek: birm' stad one: 20 ah 4 G8 arsed danni i ad? Satdod thes ogbours ~edeet aes ae onolo. 4 aie \! pao toes dart igeecat lined deed ‘et aunts. err 2: ae r ek dete nism edd. Yo patenge oss) 720% cto: a ee (38) 7 et¢athenmt og? 20 soatium Lewgl ferecey, abt ened 5 exetonicggs w@ ».teterp-to seme wos ean patios out bud ateuais ‘osedd to t¢edd te, Yo gatas ait forsee or of of meen RE TEdIO-tO beige ns ett Ao isogeD ackh oe «sheet ed i depen ten; eeolo bee Dehra. POR «erR00 | ones Bde to La lieros easishy: sonarnogat Lstosge te | ~orrevion Mvow ealitqe, susie tat bebwinnoe- onthe (Shea Mr oantn sence tif onan ies aml a eee eds shite. aetsewre wenaiew ane: @rey tes el th gmecuty eetooge: ‘gad? ‘gt motte iuqoe Priied $ Ladrodms. 088 xk, sh de sin aaeiis aalballl ; ehayEd evitouhorgey ode sxottroq Lontxerd oct te a eret Lube eu? «at Bofacol gue \eele titer eaklietsty, il - | at Yisiuitgise .ose~euredas betgete ts dow add spade’ im bas Loex6h ‘SiiP ated no wi beweneds) ab feoate baw e ,ote! M2 tremegacsne sia amade £8 .921 ammioneteg Yroldebes: eff nt boone yieeolo ate avtene: ad te snottonuy at? xt YLLogetel Setemgs dose ables? vilsthem has aaloeue Lomaiad kota MO exmyel Lentacy hand (ubawig ontilettv emt gettqenes) enagte ew broubonqes baidd-eno olbbim edt tueds eebietelgota erm vadners: aes ne oni Pe > iy hs ae abe head ae ee aus 2328 of the transverse diameter of the etrobila and are contiguous from joint to joint. In- the quite mature elongated proglottides the testes are ellipsoidal in shape, averaging 0.125mm. in length by 0.040 in diameter, the eros3-section being usually about circular in outline. In younger joints and in all those of much contracted strobilae the testes are nesrly spheriesl in shape, measuring about 80 fe in diameter, or often slightly longer than broad. They are arranged in 2 single layer in the medulla, the whole dorsoventral Giameter of which they occupy, and ere pebnbabens from proglottis to proglottis. From 3 to 4 appear in each lateral field in trans- verse sections, from 5 to 7 are seen in sagittal sections between the posterior borders of consecutive proglettides, while, so far as could be determined from coronal sartes direetly, the number is from 20 to 25. Thus each proglottis contains from 40 to 50 testes. The vas deferens forms a wedge-shaped mass of closely ar~ ranged coils, extending forward immediately ahead of the oirrus- pouch ond slongside the uterus-sac for about twoethirda of its length (fig. 81). In proglottides in which the latter is yet comparatively small the vas deferens may pass forward as far as its anterior end. In either case it forms with the cirrus-pouch & mags which alternates from right to left with the uterus-aac. When distended with sperms the duct averages about SOW in diameter; but just before it enters the cirrus-sae anterodorsslly it narrows down to 5p. Immediately within the wall of the latter it often enlarges again to form a thin-walled funotional vesicula seminalia, or perhaps more correctly ductus ejaculatorius, from 13 to ssp in diameter. After one or two short turns it diminishes egain to about » Ly Ale 4 ee A Se i eer S : . Laat ee ya th | S i) ; r Pet. igs A hs ‘ , } f i i, “abr ancatactane ese hie pbbsorts. ode te edame2: serovanszt | | rm , odd eebittalsowe besargao.te~ on atont Bt lay of? -AE. 6 tatoy: ota: NE ipdak af 5 mee. o petyrnern : een aie Ledtongetiquors. talsoite tyode : “ebhewres Berens So owemscotD ome revometh’ ne betaqrtmoe deme eo rect 16 F) at baie jegazog: t veneer: «ont! 2 teods ju hue tom yorkie ad. foo brenae Soke oa’ tees eat 4 | “a . eae yaa ‘bpp aact sogegt RUtagtse nwtte 1% . tasemett a Lartwegenion: elo ext sei Leben ene at iehuond etemte. * on webae eimai mex) evoumteaoe Ea bape “ateonee “yest: aa “easne gai bhord faretad done, at. cane > -e@ 2! OWy, . ' geomted eno ttoon Lavt tgee Gh meee. W285 t.08 Sudort ( ae eal ahha aeeokasolzorq ertiuponace Yo atebrod | Se hemedions ote wleosesa setzep Lenore nowt poaumietebts © snetegoot ot 0 sort actateon, ekttoigerg vibay edt ee. wrk Blouse Fe. ar am bequde-opbor oa eeot enorehety “we “ernie adit. Yo deeds, ciottet bows paaezet BARD AGEH AR RO oft hiaeaw? Anode tok o2eseumvem edt vebangot te ol wedgal mit dodae ot aabtetelgonq at ote 20. c2b eediratol eeaq ten sastetsh ay od? fixme\ sowog-euntte. add ithe eave?! tt. nego. wade tern | sta 08s VOTEMTUE ORY ON? uitie Pol wed deigix anh nvbant er Le: sho a (tetemmte xs 4 Ob sce Sayeteva dont: wat amcoga. st te | wrorray FL yl ide whOTGT oe Dapms cute OMe erode te osoxed norko $f wetted) dt: YdiLiaw wht whit ory Lotethomal «—. a9 , «aklealues sluoiaay teeattoa® pL fawn tt, 8 wt ot Atage Ri wou of VL aoe? .wetrobeivoebe aetoun Cisees toe axdm uote ot alege sede iatuty ot mat susein teen cunate eens fe Vr :7 ‘ i . i \ fe: >: ¢ aj J | . ay por) xg -’ i au at j pre: Phy | M ry. ‘] ALS i, ry) Sp and then passes on as the cirrus proper. While the proximal portions of the duct do not pass in any dcfinite diréeotion, the latter is situated for most of ita length in the longitudinal axis of the pouch and is about 0.10mm. long. About 20 to SS p at its middle, 1t is lined with a sutioula, 10, thick, which ia cieft but not armed with bristles of any kind. The cirruagac (Pig. 83) situated immediately behind the uterus-sao or lateral to ita posterior end, is elliptical to slight- ly oval in outline, and mezeures 0.138+0.163mm. long, 0.087-0.116mm. wide and 0.098-0.116 deep. The longitudinal axis is direoted enterodorsally from the genital sings and to the right or left, according as it alternates with the uterus-sac. The proximal one-third of the contents of the pouch consists of loose parenchyma- tous tissue with a few musele fibres surrounding the ducted ejacu- latorius, while the distal two-thirds, thet part which accommodates the cirrus proper, is supplied mostly with muscles which actuate the latter. Large fibres proceed somerhsat obliquely from the wall towards the proximal pole of the sac to become broken up or frayed before they are attsohed to the cirrus tancentially, so as to give the appearance in frontsl sections of the latter being surrounded by a comparatively heavy layer of fine lightly staining circular fibres. A few of the fibres closest to the autioula of the cirrus | were oonaiders® to be true circular fibres; but no longitudinal fibres were eéeon. The wall of the cirrus-sac is from 2 to 3u thick and is made up of very fine closely matted fibres, the direc- tion of which could not be determined with satisfaction. The sac lies freely in the parenchyma of the region and is not connected ie c / t i : Bt ' +N, & at as é hore z i \ : ne el 7 Mot t US ae me ra? Lomieons oat aL igw naqont earn te est e840 pong: Had ett yao htoar th ddtert bes “vied tet saucy hom ob: dna odd. 20 : ‘pine Lonthutigner e@2. otdtgnel oot toeteon: cod bedadt te aa etl te yas at OS Sanda speck semOl.O suede wh bine. teneq O* Sede 98) @pide ,do-tat 40k Roem hate eat ee babe. elet ” aber’ ana to mers ‘dt le bemun ' ont hatdod “ied ebhemet hotagt to (sb «ptt. carauinte. ft) re PEgLLy OF Leskturtie’et ,han tolnetuog shhh, davenal 4006 “_ mRBE § +O +FBO . (): Baek + RUBBLE 06OR ILO botamcen bet sone F ‘hofoenth a2 nixa Len thud tyaot eet aeons. BLL Onk Qhweol x6 tite ode et bal efmte Lat taeg edd mes Lantos eat. Ricesiinenttded ent? habe sotemtotia thie naire sie cepauy; -temo f te ‘pe Laisa Gomog wlt tos atotacn at —a6ate ‘betort edt pabiadoruwe perte “showin wet ° ates Sohehouadois Mp ite grag tadt abe [ad mont | Sates ‘edt vote | ebairate they thee: solani fd hee - wteoa he Abeoens 2.4% flew Pere nity yheae:tide t.odweaoe berooty wend eh ogtat 5 Hoyerk I. gi Mekord omoORT oF ove edt Lor ator Sambuthy it erty of #8 eo ,.¢i Lattaagnat eutttto ed? oF nesta Sete 2 | benntroates gated vettal od? ww emottoos tataoe? at nated toLuorle yRiahors vleages oght to regal yrood eisve ‘eitutip «60 to olnetten ett of dwsvedé wsed2t ed? ‘to pet) es bi : Leaines tyvct om tat: {enzo Lone te: dared ions tig Bored 4G of © Hort of Die-act a addto Lae oat 0000 ot -corth ef? (egidlt hertwn ehesade lant yee Yo, qu ebam' et o20 of? . motto ulti dete bentanated sd .tom ‘Died deo haw ‘ Petoomabo Cex-al hae selger: ae.t@ soeturtmcagsadh ak’ i a J i j | 1 or Ge Fa eae a by any special muscles to the dorsal or Yentral body-walls; nor are the body muscles attached to it as in some cestodes. The layers of the latter are simply pierced and the fibres turned aside in evidently a passive manner. The opening of the vagina is close behind that of the cirrus at the bottom of the secondary genital sinus, or as it has been ealled by Fuhrmann, "ductus hermaphroé@itiocus”" (Fig. 83). From this point the duct courses ventro-posteriorly in the mid-line and then paralilei to the dorsal surface of the proglottis until it reaches the ovarian isthmus, above which it makes a few turns and quickly diminishes from 20,4 in diameter half way along its course to 10p. It then dips farther down into the genital,space, often enlarging slightly as it does, and soon joins the oviduct at an enlargement of the latter situated a short distance behind the oocapt. Throughout its length it is lined with a ragged or pseudociliated cuticula and surrounded by radially arranged nuclei connected with the cuticula by cytoplasmic strands like those described by the writer for H. globuliforme (1.c. : 105) and considered to be possibly extruded nuclei of the original epithelium as well as the myoblastic nuclei of circular fibres, a Fyer of which surrounds the duct. There is no vaginal sphincter. In his generic diagnosis Luche said that the receptaculum seminia 1s small and in his description of the family, Ptychobo- thriidae (1902 : 327) that when present it is "in Gestelt eines kleinen Blindsickchens ausgebildet, welehes parallel newen dem Endabschnitte des Oviduktes.liegt and mit der Vagina unmittelbar vor deren Vereinigung mit dem Ovidukt in Verbindung steht.*® In the sec bes onT . .sobotege: tees at anode of pedostie ne Lenude podndt ae | ebice bontst eardtt.em? has hoosatq thgukevete tettabcoeds to ones shenmem ev iaeages usa ws Gursto cA? to Pads bedded epoip #2 aaagee ods 20: gatieqo: elt y ag ‘ sti ad ext Mt et to ,avole fat taws Yr shqooee oat te Bodsed 94 Ey ela? nowt 3. (88 gut) “suo bt Leomdqearned Sut QEL™ 4 anensaut yo 7 ‘ nedt bas amtled tu odt at Visolmeteoq-ontaer maetsion, aaa, as pedoaes th Litgu eiteofeorq ed? Ya: soe trae fennat. edt ©: vias iup bee BHI? WoL) s wooden th do dct avode caumitras » HOE: ‘Gt gous. Ret gcole yaw tked tetomelh at “ay OS siete actoyelos aotto ,eceqe, Letiarea edd ovat sect redtzat arses nse 1s ta toubtve on? auiot moon: ‘bas. e005. oh a E | teaong edt tiised eomasoth trode « botautte at nite hitteohoen to depgert 2 dite boats et vt Ad gaol oan + Gtiw imtceunoc tedoun: beghatse ileghen vl bebasor ze || bid’ ree: Dod tepaedennde OXLL ebanete otmstconee: wi | 8 Of besebzeace tue (20L 2 «0. £): sorsot £iudoip: edt os [iot.ae mutiedtigo Lantatro ef? Yo telonum Deberd: ont eirworse: ntiv to tovt « er animate to defo vhs oy eo eng ages op nit.on | mlvoetcsoe. eff tedt Btoe edawl eleongsl oiteneg eit -odorioy?? .ylimat edt te sotteitoesd etd at baa Shade, conte tiajned at? of tf tosenny sadn dade) (TEE 1 GORE VM ash getea Lollersq eodolom', tehiidnggua eaviicroie beet ; " UiLet? lacy aatne tobihe baw @yekl- euttabtvo med etd tade sat al. *tdote gavhaidseV¥ ni tivbtvO meh ¢te arermhnten ey mM iy . rh a it ne ree sections at hand, however, it is a comparatively large structure and very difficult to orient in seotions made in any direction. It is in the form of a thin-walled sack about 60x30 , wrapped somewhat spirally around the dorsal wall of the above-mentioned en- largement of the oviduct and opening by an aperture equal to its whole diameter into the vagina just at its juncture with this vestibule. But since the vagina constantly constricts a second time to a diameter of about 8» before entering the latter, one gets the impression of the receptaculum seminis being a diverti- Gulum of the oviduct rather than of the vagina. Pig. 83, of four eonseoutive sections of a transverse series, showing the union of these ducts, will give a better idea, perheps, of the natureot the seminal receptacle. In mature proglottides the ovary (Fig. 80) is a bilobed atructure situated in the median line, close to the posterior border of the proglottis and immediately ahead of the uterus-sac of the proglottis following, where the latter is much distended with eges (Fig. 31). In toto mounts the lobes seem to be quite separate from each other and apparently unconnected, but in sections the isthmus is easily made out. It occupies the ventral half of the medulla while the wings or lobes extend completely across the space betweenthe layers of longitudinal body muscles. The lobes are about 0.27mm. long by 0.13 wide, while the isthmus is 0.08-0.08mm. in anteroposterior diameter. These propertions are, however, much different in such eontracted atrobilae or in proglottides in which the uterus-sac is distended with eggs. In both instances the ovary is very much flattened anteroposteriorly and, in the latter case, Soggy , 08x08 tuidte tose belLewanide 0 roe meet off nt -ob berotincn-evede od? 20 Liew Leatot adv Sawore Yitontys: 24 of! of Loupe oputreqt as Yd guinoge bai soubsyMed? tot Aid didi exrvtoumt edt ts tent satger odd -ot nt Fee bata 96 a to titemoo Ciinstence ante ed? eonle tut. . 990. (eettal edt ‘gatzesae eteted: .« ® unde to tomb a ~hisevtd'« girted etntuse mus Lupad goon. ast 2 aotepoxqnt niet Vor 8 spf .adtger edt to mate west doublvo: adit cv notes ont paxtwote wo hres ourevenntt ‘@ to waoktoes “Tdenw) on sits te saunas pore retted 8 evig Litw, : ‘naliad | pian -sipedqont 4 bodolid « #t (oe +att) ptavo ont eedtttoLaerg orwt saa bf wotreteag: wait o aoe vomne netiom: edt at: borate @ ‘to ose—eyte to ede to havds’ vista tboum Sas etttotrorg adie bubs ti: dome wt rettal ‘eats as erty : eeadwolfor elt stereos ettup ed of mise sedol edt statrom ore? ate ats ; edt enotioss mk tud eLodeesaopay vitanxsara ban sented | ed? to lhad Lestaev edt getguvoo #7 too oben ‘eiheee . eoade et seotoe Carelgmoo bavtx» tbedel to: apete ‘est oft stn vedol ee? -.nbLotun yhod Laathut tenol to etoyad » 280 .0-B0.0 ‘g2 gemitet ont elite ~ebie. C£.0 1 gaol jem dows ,Loverod ors eaoftsageTd, OxadT.. 1edsmald rotreheay a4 dokde ai kebittelLyortq at to seltdonte’ betoant age dowe at’: on ttevo od? ceomatent Stod mt: ,agge dé ie: babaves if ep obese : ’ 0 0 20rd es od? af ,bee yitokietecqoresns beavs fal? y oid ‘* 336 all but obliterated, as shown in Luehe's Fic. 8 (19023 : 326). The ova from the isthmus where they are ready to be passed on by the oocapt, are elliptical to oval in outline in sections and measure on the average 18 x 10p, their nuclei being about 9 f& in diameter. The oocapt, situated in the median line at the posterior border of the ovarian isthmus, somewhat dorsally, is @ spherical to ovoid muscular organ, about 20p in diameter (Fig. ). Imnme- diately behind it the oviduct constricts to a diameter of only 7h to 10 and then passes on posteriorly and ventraliy either to the right or to the left, gradually enlarging until the above-mentioned vestibule is reached, when the diameter is 25 to SOp . The latter enlargement does not seem to be a direct continuation of the ovi- duct but a more or less separate thin-walled structure, -+ the walls of the oviduct up to this point being comparatively thick (Fig. 82) -~ into which the oviduct opens by a slightly clongated aperture. While the wall of the first portion of the oviduct is quite thick, comparatively speaking, and consists of more or less cubical ciliated cells with somewhat indefinite boundaries, -= or- dinarily they stain very densely, -- the vestibule has, like the regeptaculum seminis, a thin wall from which only a few scattered nucles protrude into the lumen. The oviduct continues posterio- laterally and ventrally from ons cortier of the vegtibule -- that with which the vagina is usually sonnected, -- as a tube quickly diminishing from 15 to 10m in diameter and lined with a ciliated epithelium with prominent nuclei but no distinet ocll~boundaries. Close to the anterior wall of the uterus-sac of the next proglottis it turns upward sharply and at about the middle of the dorsoventral 1 aa , 7? ies 2 'F wt! C8! OM aa cd ee 4 ' x ey iw es Eh el NS: ante BET ike aud 4, ih ees “ RS Tec AG SI et aa . > 5 ve y ire : J ’ \. ie ¥ 7 } a yh Sfbee > sbOL) 8 met eredeud mt mode wes SAR: etd yd wo beshay ad ed: yhsar ere godt: onsite eundtod ade mont oxkeceam hae: sto htoon ot enttene wh: Lewra: ot Lontigetia ona ‘Tetomelt of Ye. duode sated et OismK tod ,q0t x 61 eneiove t a totreteog otto ontt ov oem ed? gf otpat te: ytdleea edt a Leotvedqe; ae et .eliagtot tadwomon (arma t: netisve wide: ‘to: ~omid) ie Gy eget) rotoma tt wt 4408 tesa gasgko”satsocun ll at qioe to «9d neath aot etortsenog Foubina add wh fede e edt of rediie: yi lsutasy fuse ehratuetesa one eoaoeg tom . beso lt tem-swode ott Sitav gatgieles Uleubery sel eddo getteal off « HOE Of Of wh vetemety. ont geode Sestowes ~ £80. og? Lo ab tfancidood siting S od ot nose tom vob J r99 C2 + outontts belloe-mbit etezaqae. aneL#o: ustotrs Que-e wieder edt oto: nll at sre 8 a8 Biloscs aseqgows® ad? Lo magpge.nds : fe wtaversasehis atitelegas atentaor od cet ewe ote tence tere teopiahs nee Kaban). remepad Tt atota oendd attl wien’ ite | dhe Rel ai een siged eft Io eeonst on datde comma gh, at | te. wee tloow. a? nod cmeee os Siwte .oftaea: 890. © teed elit to eatteatsl Wis To Lkmede ot hedomtts: Sttens L Raaesigredemth sete of beet exee edt yahtet 108. 082 neko seblitvatgzeny oListeog ott ‘to feos mont. RAGS aden of -rehtead: ofhesn treheon dite shoted teed ene sciahll yLev bteteqmon eet eh ot hae shat do Sie vblod ‘nolens and Ia: oustounte oxi? mon? nadbay it of tution gatdton eetuegn edd To ‘yrosw lt eel sit ebroyéaie ea! wMSX2: LOM Bees ont 5 og ioou tent Yo scoot tows tb us Te & oo sti bvetial ted oa, aden +b Lomen atl ee ‘hose ebold whoo : (rovenat her ar ocw tt honkesde | wee tend a nieaimreneaas “ord Louie te y oun bertitmos ett ode te odttoedot. eat x Vetiolten -- gotrtad ifeas Yo aoltvegth. dt) Ro digest: aoe to bee ,averte vot web dove seal Efema drat tti108 fa at Yo sarormome? on ==", (LitstottN) -gbhewita oe aude Lome il add al havol enor ofboqgidgms mere aseuaunooy she 2428 stomach or the réedine of such in the intestine the worm was plen- tiful. Furthermore, where nothing was found in either stomach or intestines, other than yellowish chyle in the latter, -- as in most fish examined -- indicating amphipods nnd other smail crustaceang as food rather than smali herring, the worm was also common. Ail stages from the youngest strobilae, such as that shown in Fie. 77, to the oldest were found, Sut nome nor any plerocercoids, if such is the nature of the larva, were met with in the course of the thorough dissection of the available stomach contents of the host, both fish and crustaceans. In a number of cases, nevertheless, only very young strobilias were found in the intestine of the host, thus pointing to possible sudden infections at different times. Wagener, who figured the youngest strobila, nothing much more than the ssolex, that hig yet been recorded, says nothing more concerning the life history than thet, on mocount of the exeretory vessels opening separately to the exterior in this very young specimen, there might possibly have been a venicular appendage to the larva in the nature of an enveloping cyst comparable to that described and figured for "Dibothrium (Belones?) “from Scyllium ecanicula, con- cerning which he said (p. 45): "Vergleicht man diese Form von Cysticercus mit den vorigen, so ergicbt ik: tne der Unterschied nur in dem Aufhangebeutel sich findet, der Kopf und Blase verbindet* (Cyaticercus fasciolaris Rud.) A detailed description of the species is here given, not only beouuse it is evidently the only one belonging to the genus, but because such seems to be quite lacking from the Furopean litera- ture, which made the determination of the species here a hatter \ 2 4teed ad? To etnet mos doanote oldalsere de %O: meitoane: a 2 (ioe ee ) S cexaude exon douse goriddon stlidorte. ‘teepauoy nt exit |) ppteciannice stom galdtar eye ,Setooet aded sey wad i \) owe: TR sebhiourecorelg Vie son wom ae ones erow “\\ gh@od sik Xo eativetat odd at aio? exsW eslidorte “dae bedixgeeb tad? ot eidetaqmon teyo ‘peitino Sertete os ne “tebaldiey seci® tax 2got tab (foimt? tite Lotosdepadd was . a’ fe! P Nota Wh es RS PE SP ao cat Ls yh se Ae Rel ra a or a. . = : he ie i a) % net tt : ; ’ ‘ Gee 2 ch FE OT eh a en ua ; vi Aaa hs hevag es ioe -aoly eaw artow sid anttcetal edt af iioieecole ettoniey tt to doamote. caddie at Aawo® eon ia hitor stedw .@ ou ort ‘Peon when -+ yusttel end? al slyado: de trottoy end? elite Be ite’ | | paseoutesrto £ Lem roto wom. qbogtiqme astsen tbat + aah i ELA... - AoMAoS oes wim arrow alt: nett red | fame ds beaaies: @ SV ght af ape ted 92) tom, Hel idanry Hee gitoy edt‘ ed? TO servos att at ditty dom rram. erred ede to. eonkeds1oven 8069 to Todasa 2 nt seasooatan 8992t IaocetIth 2 eaoksoetat aebboe ofddovog ot afosouy _totetoxe ed? to. taooes 0 add! nade is -—¢Bomine7s pavey yisv ekdt ot toivedxe: dt oF Ce arsa£ edt of epobasyge takoe hee ‘= teed. ovad % “aco yelwo ines au LES YO® mort® (TeenoLetiy wa tidtodta* moe wet eaeth aw Mate lye" (0a +q) tae ra hetdos seta’ seb: eat ‘ptlote tee.teee ot ,meytvov seb tin {, fast atzpolosrent | tr) . ton pfeviy ered nt sylosye ode Yo modtqtiwesh BeLgared Me eidey ost of gatgaoled ego plko adv TLinwbtre at os osm ‘- -Stetiil casqows ef) mozt gutdoal ettup od ot oayee itoue : oe. ? scitow 2 oted ee lceq: od? to pats ona prog t 7 | ning? hat 2 i ee me ve 7 ie a a way Y attended with considerable unoertainty. The writer, however, considers that so far as the published accounts and reports of the species go, we must look upon the form on this side of the Atlantic to be the same as the C. orassiceps of Europe. The material studied consisted of eight lots in the writer's collection from Yerlucoius bilinearis as: above listed. i esc ey to etroqen dae etoumcon Lede hides, euit th cr oe y dee nt oitastts ‘edt Xe ella bid? Bo ago odd mow ‘food: tenn or eae 6 satiw ou my aRel nae | eh Ale Ooo Ol fee a }} Pt AS ¥ i, Maeno a J 4 ae r ' ine f i 2 ia) L Ae A theme te RY oe oe ai) P n'est abe ; PP URN if . ed Ny ' 4 t Pei: BOL? Aa. [ ls ee ‘i .* ~ at Dyes ; ey Z 4 ¥ by ms eS 3 ‘ ideas ‘ setbind walt: vi 2 shadihiel ve © sanateeate 2 edt’ ei ae ato ‘ RAD i / y aid ial | ee ary 4 4 wih, ‘ 6 ; ba, WA: ’ : v7 r i) aksk / Pm i ve svedongs aa 4 ntorgn (8801, doess2) quaosud orf " sotaoge e (,.30@~_»@ 1® of TS, OTL © slotnesenie onmdio 88 + Levi sallo% (.d4ag) saooononensos ad O18 5 Seti pxeod ~basddoal ‘odtob xan ee BOS; B6Tl | doeisd . idee ‘ans aloes : ah : Bart daeriig? (od tea) sssonarlad aeaal ef : OCT tT sap | 880aay aineot | MOL: 2081 tdg lobed stokes aluasz ~ “QQ. 80BL sobes , BgSo0g09 J ean’? Shr Off, kdgieSet sugar Latino , as a “BOLO RAL forms] © eueoues ex. git : Vel .« Ofaf idqlobus . ausogus incase Wey ist dsntouel = — eee aulas co 4 8{d 1 sper ni rot wf “sueogna aulsiqosobsttos © fea y gas gataoit neo 07 misdtedi 68 : egar bebo selon sulstonoehiiot G&S 3 sal ‘galsoit ~ sue oaue autuidodt © & +: Yoel céralo seas axlrdvoroluitod | at + VBE nohonhe | "Des mato J VOL +: L66f xe taol | ~S Bbad bad 0¢ * 1889 Bothriocephalus rugosus Lins tow 1889 : 2&2 1889 Bothriocephalus rugosus Vonticelli 1889 : 68 1890 Dibothrium rugosum Linton 1890 : 750 1890 Abothrium rugosum Loennberg 1890 : 22 1891 Abothrium rugosum Loennberg 1891 : 75 1892 Bothriocephalus rugosus Matz 1892 +: 113 1894 Bothriotaenia rugosa Blanchard 1894 ; 701 1896 Bothrioteenia rugosa kriola 1896 : 280 1896 . Bothrioteénie rugosa Piggenbech 1896 : 228,228 1898 lothrioteenisa rugosa Mueh Ling 1898 ; 36 1899 Abothrium rugosum Luehe 1899 ; 39 1900 Bothriotaenia rugosa friole 1900 : 432 1900 Abothrium rugosum Luehe 1900a: 101 1901 Dibothrium rugosum Linton 1901 : 412,476 1903 Pothriotaenia rugosa Schneider 1903a: 7 1910 Abothrium rugosun Tuehe 1910 : 26 Specific diagnosis: With the characters of the genus. Large cestodes with maximum length, breadth and thickness of 1000, ‘7 and 2mm.,respectively. Scolex present only in very young stro- bilas, when conice) ond provided with very week bothria, changing with age to a pseudoscolex of various shapes, usually imbedded in pyloric coecum of host. Proglottides at first broad and very short, obscured by irregular transverse and longitudinel pugee, then gradually lengthening with age until finally they are quadrate or longer than brood. YPa &s8'; ees: > wad and: 88 + CBOl ileotdaat Oat 3 O08L- nogald - SS: O@8L ~ -geeduneod oF : L198 gredaneo) Blix SOL aj si {ov ; seal . beadoneald -- OBS: Beal < - & afolead OSS, E52. :-908!-- dosdae, gt. “88 = BEGI - ~° gubkhdout “Es BOL otlens” © \ ae eae : Eb 0001 = -~elotta $0 eOGOT > ptesl <-OVb BE 5 -Woer: noth] © as800l. ibiemis? © 8%: O10 x ota + Oy ) és lo erodoaieds out atee ‘seduonyetb olttos e. ,000! to eesndoids ‘ae dtboord -dbgnel rsh tity vobodane outs gory yet 4 uae dnonerg xoloof ruber cogans amt be gatsnado gutee ited Saee ynov déiw beb ivorg bas (setae nay al hebbodm i (ilages aogaie evoltay io xoloanouneg 5 od 6 Yiev bie beowd Jack? dz websdtolgon4 viaod To mubeoe ob 7 coouua Laatbetigaol baa gerovensad alagor:h vd tne ’ ‘ GAG vita yod) qilsalt Listas o. dite vdieel g sub 248 Cuticula Sy thick, subcuticula Ql4mm. ‘mall calcareous bodies, 2Opin lengthe Longitudinal muscles in bundles, transverse for- ming septa between proglottides. Nerve strands dorsal to cirrus and vagina, 45p in diameter. Two chief excretory vessels anterior- ly, passing into 30-35 posteriorly. Genital cloaca irregularly alternating, between first and se- cond thirds of edges of proglottides. Vagina opens immediately behind the cirrus and slightly ventral; no hermaphroditic duct. Testes in two lateral fields, discontinuous from proglottis to proglottis, ellipsoidal, flattened anteroposteriorly, 40 x 90 x 85 yp, and 45 to 60 in number. Vas deferens lateral to uterusesac with few coils hefore entering the cirrus-sac, 350 x 70-80». Cir- -rus-sec ovoid with narrow end outwerc, 174 to 2774 long by 92 to 102 in diameter. Cirrus straight in outer half cf@ sac, proximally coiled or dilated. Ovary large, entire, kidney-shaped (isthmus ss thick es the wings), 0.6mm. wide, occupying the posterior half of the medien portion of early mature segments. Ove conspicuous, nuclei large, 10-13 in diameter. Cocapt S4pin diameter. Beginning of oviduct é2-shaped. Right and left vitelline ducts join ventrally; common duct acts as reservoir. Yitelline ?ollicles ontirely within lon- gitudinal muscles, discontinuous, intermingling laterally with the testes, irregular in shape and size, largest 30, 90 an? 7Opin length, width and thickness, respectively. ‘Shell-gland compact. Uterine duct with only a few coils close to the median line; uter- ee Le | og J t ? = a oe 7 - F Lee 7 Le ; Sao. hy er Math +005 Ro oH 4 - c Nomad . =f “688 = stedbod euootsoleo Ilene. ommend TQ otidiantis ott a3 al a -101 sevevenss! ,seliaud si aoloaua Sactiutigsod ite. at . asitin. os igat0d. shoosts evcel. -esblitolsoxq goorind atqon gi ~rolveiae alopsey yrodesers.toldo owt -sejeuath nk Bd vost mete | Uroineseod. ag-08 oft. eten, ro -ee boa .desit scessed acboatodie et aseett, panei, satiogs De ylotstheaks ansgo srbyel -eobiddolgong. Lo. noghe te, abe: dt, tosh obstboudysared of ¢laissy Uddgile bod. eerie. oat 03 alitolgorg mort avounitnoosth yeblelt fovogal owt ate a a x Ox oD Urolvedeogoradas benotdalt. isbloagiiie, a itd | peesemmedy of [eaetal aneyeted eat. soda ok, 08 -od uf } “nid + yG8-09 x one caae~piretto od yatnotae ovoted. tion we | od SB°<¢ gaat wTTS of SY. fxewdso bas nots: asin Blow 3 yitsaiton .,ova 80 Ved "0t00 af anal antes mygr20, eroded nF 8. a 3 | aes ; edd ap ioidd a2 oumdtat) boquile-yoabie oxkde » wegtel Y osibea off to tad soltodeog gd gaiyyoon bis +d 40 a “esral islous ~wouotgqenss ay¥0 stdaoages ‘onusd amt sae te soubive to galantyed otelonalh at att dqnoo0 vrodeuath a e person ;yLiewinev aot atoub eolilediv ttl bec sagte ’ -hoged ‘enol aldiiw ylenidne wefoitint ond lied tV ttovreset es roa 2 | odd déiw ylletete! sutlonteusded exanabdsooeth «solsann tool it af yO¥ boa OF .O8 deepest! . cate bas oysta. ui nalagorsl ‘ | » edongmod Sacly-{lecj2 “(oui toagroy «soordokdd ngs Abie i Pe erotu ject) nalbwn oft of svole alos vel a vise Gus tang | rn i ts + ee oo id a oS 249 us-sac occupies the whole of the dorsoventral dicmeter of the meduld la, very wide and short or irregularly circuler or quedrate sur- ficially, often lobed, 0.75 to 1.6mm. in transverse diameter, con- stently rounded laterally; openings in median zig-zeg row. Eggs, 80 - 98plong ty 75 - 92 wide, shell quite transparent. Mabitat: Intestine af the host with pseudoscolex imbedded in a pyloric coecun. - Host Locality Collector Authority Gadus mustela = -----««+--- Borke Goeze 1782:410 ; Te eee Tagler . "aie " geglifinus arherg Olsson Olsson 1867:54 7 : Terzen Loennherg Loenn- berg 1890:22 9 ’ Grafverns. & Olsson Olsson 1893:17 Taset : | “ a Arctic Ocean ZooleMused. Linstow 1901;281 ¥ Akad.Viss. Petrograd F England Nicoll Nicoll 1907;71 " callerias Woods Hols, V.N.Edwards Linton 1897:431 MiasSe " “i Aretic Ocean ZooleMused.e Linstow 1901:281 K fkeadsViss. Petrograd ' ifurman-Klste ? r 1903:19 r r Nokujev Id., "(Paer) : Arctic " lota Greiphswald Pudolphi Rudolphil810;48 > 2 aise 7 7 = - ee i. =e eee ’ 635 - ed Mle De Bi Bee enh ee oe ‘Se ‘ p a 7 ; : “7 = 4 ' 7 oo : <4 A AU “i ees a ce i! ' sala Sale! a Canis dbaintigedeassies trode hax ‘ie Sa e too retomari eexevenond of tani F oF BVO 5adol aatto 7 ea tO gorvgle nslbon nt ngntaogo veEloradas bedawor ¥ mh F g »dmoxaqans a ogiup ifods. ble @~ aF af ere 08 er e at bob hedai xolovecduceg, tie send odd 1 aany Xs ts I a : > ; (eee sete ae Me Olas Sevl ss008 odt0d \ a aocentmews | ; “Tibe oP gee S ics olga? : ; | wanna enna a: pevteet dioan to —___ sonal | : yteden? ae ee ° “anteeod guetnneor gees 88.008]. ged | ee ‘ial Laeapisbes mone lO woselO 6 #hateytned “SBS LORS wosentl .he2mtfstoo3 aneo0 ellovh. «= % eaal®beti,Y oe et ae ed 3 3 haigosset ; ge AR RORL Poot flooth = haya + deasvea! eosnil abtewht,?.¥ alot sboo®. se! . . a | - TOSAMOCL Wotenkl’ .biask, L508 aaed0 obtors _ . mogon)., yhav® Yo. edie wih ee eee Paypst ook OM Bali tdkagesatt: og SRY Se lifedogetad + abta857.0.9 ate shoot? a «*'* “vie ' —) - Aca — va “a - s > ~, Cer . es tr = ss * . 7 « ny y» ” ( ro, ‘ waa” i “y = t 4 7? " ‘ I . * Fat Td i - rs, ~ . 3 - a a ee c oe am . . . Sf . -e De a % 4 4 c| Les ¢ ah hie 4 ‘ ws ~ LVS S4 . 7 a a Fs + as ch 7s wir ~ * 7 . ' A x - * -— i » a ' we. a er * : * 7 ~ ; > wave fT ad ‘ el Com = # = a is: I 7 ry a iii by se i 7h, = rps Pe One of the most striking features of this species is the presence of a pseudoscolex which is found embedded in the intes- tinal coeca or intestinal wall of the host, from which it ia ex- tracted only by careful dissection. Goeze (1782 : 412, Figs. 1, 4 and 5) described a scolex, somewhat elongated, sagittate ani irre- gular but otherwise quite comparable to that of other bothrio- cephalids, while Rudolphi (1810 : 43, 44) does not seem to have found anything but such a structure in Gadus lota. Dujardin (1845 : 617) was evidently the first toddescribe the pseudoscolex by saying that, " ... la partie antdérieure [of the Strobila) en- gagee dana l'appendice pylorique forme une sort de bovchon, un oylindre irrégulier, eartilagineux, long de 18mm., large de 4mm., ride on toruleux et sans aneune trace d'organisation ..." This description, however, was not recognized by Diesing (1850 : 590) ®Bince he accepted Rudolphi's diagnogis, namely, "Caput subsagitta- tum, bothriis oblongis lateralibuse ...", and Baird (1853 : 89) evi- dnatly saw two bothria, probably owing to the fact that he was dealing with specimens from Lota vulgaris (vide infra). Cebvold (1858 : 158, 159) was well acquainted with the pseudoscolex, since regarding individuals from the Cod ("Morrhusa vulgaris") he s:id that "In a Dod examined on the 15th of March, 1885, two specimens of Bothriocephaius rugosus had severally attained a length of nearly fifteen inches, and their anterior segments for an inch or more downwards, were so firmly impacted within the pancreatic eoeca, that it was found impossible to dislodge them without injur- ing the filamentary head and neck. As if to make the anchorage doubly sure, the cartilagzinous thickening of the invaded pancreatic ' 92 at Botooqe ehat te aouute: it EAH doom an Sa en -sttat: oy at hobh mae 5) bala el deta. Ro Loonobuoeg s ao npmeae ~—xe of #2. doldy monk. «tage eo} “Yo flew Gonttestat 20) 20800 - of sGglt (oe .4 wera) aneod Aoki ooee hh islets we tito. oa Ott Spite ahah) tym ‘s ot agnede: tudwemon, keleoe eMesiroeed | -o kant od read0 ko fade of eidareeqmon etinp se twisdto ed i 48 Of area Fou eae (Sd. 58.3 GL6Z) te acolbat oLidw «nk | aiveapel .stol sybed nt ecusourte dows. tad watery b xakaonobuns g one. adsuon obhot tere, ode eitnot ive, enw (58 ~ 4 ri 5 , . P ited Aidt to Oh ee) hia DD) ow At ee [Ay] & coecum had decenerated into a ealoareous and contracted cylinier, twisted upon itself in various ways." Olsson (13867 : 54) like- wise found a paevdoscolex in this aspeciss, which he described ag being degenerated in Gadus morrhus to a yellow, elongated mass which disintegrated on contact with water. It was 18-25mm. in length by about jmm. in diameter, while its position was, as usual, in the wwall of a pylorio appendage of the host. He aleo figured & young strobila from Gadus aeglifinus, the secolex of which he con- gidered to have been invaginated. Van Beneden (1871 : 56) observed the pseudozszcolex in his new genus and species, Abothrium gadi, which was afterwards considered to be synonymous with A. rugosus, stating that "Ils ont la tSte vera le fond des coecums pyloriques, percent ordinairement les parois et forment, par la gaine, souvent dure et entortilide comme une tabulaire, une saillie 4 la. surface de cet organe." So far as the writer is aware, he gave the first figure of the structure, a3 it 1s commonly met with, encased, how- ever,by the walle of the pyloric coecum in which it was found lodged. Von Linstow (1889 : 242) described and figured a scolex somewhat similar to that of A. orasgum, escepting that the apex wag hollowed out to form a six-gornered opening which communicated with both bothria. Linton (1890 : 750) found pseudoscolices in examples from the codfish, "Gadus morrhua", whieh were much as de- scribed by Olsson, ginse "each of the specimens in this lot has the head and anterior part of the body buried in the pyloric caeoa, where they have undergone degeneration to such an extent that no appearance of bothria remains. Around the parts thus enveloped by the gaecs is a yellowish waxy deposit, the dercenerated tissue of the “etebatiyo: Be toerttmos bis virornwe Lue? a ote. atanlidaia ‘had oe og wg FEL (pe ¢* SHe8} kOEBLO: « eer aucdta on wophiali BH SH i bivewh: wd Hetde peetewty eidd: mt: xolonseboney webneet“ wi : aeey botenhole Wallop aed matrsom & aubad me: beter yasneb- wy Gh, 0uRe-Ol gi 07 naw ao te Restuce ae Ronan phaser he) eat abit thoy: ai white -eudoma th at nel dood: wa Sexes? ovie wh f0od oft te enehasagw witotie e204 a9 sd “ae ot dudsw to neleoe em. Quali ines sued esha 7 ‘ _bevsenite: (az ; 982) mebome® may” _dedeatgenmt need wal dale ugbati? ost abe houge: ous euney wet ete aL xetoosi Hewes A tt fw aor nonya eee berebtence. Soe | eeopheetyg waroeoo web haat of wrev: oat el dno att taeadoy cenigg et wT \teetnek oo wtuemy wet Tromest soituus nt & eftitas em OrRRLesad wary parmon ee teatt ouse evap: ont .osare et ratdew add ee nat 8 wed’ beewoue «at be fom-y domes or +t eh: vousdounte 8 ‘mas ewe $f dotiw at muo BOO obebey ext to ekiaw oe nekeOe & Besant has beaneeed (8 1 298L) wodeaht av Keg ede Badd 20 tt gears » RUSS GRO ‘Io tome ‘of satan | bedwes trenen ide bay Batata, evemtop rash ‘fd nt wgnte. comedy ‘@ 805k on Yo ebtren A sdootret 4 Nerdateedtan ont wore 28H a ; a ‘ ‘Leartesat edi? fedt tao’ tiguetd Bingo att. to savinioe 9 _ sweenig «A “tO dude \xeloxe tapiiee ‘ete wv 2ieey2ue | ‘ee ang * tettvomes ‘ot o1stbutie so? wet? ‘edit ad pwoste ‘ok ““ 3 ono Letdacveeiod 2 od ot brat ‘exw gatasteast ehdy I . tba vilalooqes .stsdtod 10 snolipagyie’ ray io one 6 Abs * ith Ay : towards the tip, the arrancement of the muscles, nerves and exore- tory vessels pointed to this being possibly not far removed from the typical form of soolex; and this view is supported by the facts that it was found free in the anterior part of the intestine of the Haddock, altho, unfortunately, the length of the strobila was not recorded. Among a lot of material taken from several Haddock two examples of the sgolex, as it would seem to be at or about the time degeneration sets in, were found. The first one, shown in Fig. 84, was from the smallest satrobila at hand, 32mp. in length, while the other, Fig. 85, from an older chain only the anterior end of which was present with a length of 32mm. and maximum breadth of 32.5. As indicated, the second is evidently the older from the standpoint of the metamorphosis, since it is more conical and less separated from the neck region which is slightly gwollen, while the bothria are disappearing os the whole structure is approaching the stage represented by Fig. 86. In Fig. 84 are seen somewhat more efficient bothria, but the shape of the organ points to a consider- able amount of degeneration having already taken place. The second form of scolex is shown in Fig. 87. Here the structure is like- Wise not embedded in the wall of the pyloric caecum in which it is found but free in its lumen, the anchorage for the strobila being obtained by the close approximation of the mouth of the caecum around the nagrow neok region and the concomitant swelling of the more distal portions. Furthermore, the indications are that a con- siderable portion of the anterior end of the strobila is involved in the formation of the organ, especially since it is comparatively _ large. The third form observed is shown in Fig. 88, where degennmr- “BGS atoa? oct ¥d bat sogein ei wote oid} tne prea tocwer fasts out lo onitesial od? to traq sosiptan edtial west! nage? eam one tia een eLidoute ede to tigasl ode: visit anoint + i owt dootial Lateree mot} sedat Lotret om te tof-evgtoml |) edd tuoda to tv og of age Sisow tt es. xoloaw edt Yo mt wold (eno death ea? . ewok erew . ak nave” motia -ddgack at eget. Readies: ta aitdoute: tgeslom edt “worl tolsefne oft vino. atedo 1@bLo° ae mont) (88. att a aapsett ign x0. baa .amBl to: idiguet @ dtiw fasadtq sew do bay odd mort tebLo odd Vhtashive et bacoss od? vdotao tbat ald 4 eeel fas Leotaon et0m ei ?k» soate (e tsodgiometeu out to# ods of td ‘aellowe ~ltdgtia ef dolde aokge: toca ed? wnt ode éutdpsorags st erwsourte eLodw. odf ad damien): | ozom dadvomon geome ere O6 “git at 88 seit ed boda ~tohtuaee.2 of atalog negro edt to eqede edt iad ,atuite “hnoove OfT .voal¢ nets? ybaosis qwaivadt noksereaegeh T -oLL ef eiutourte edd oteB) °.%G . 22% ab mvode al al 22 dotdw of moead olft0fya eat to ifaw ed? mk bettoden' ‘gthod alidegie eat ‘Do Yrs .Derste Lapyronn t eve at wose: ton-sool wkete,: “esaunl move: fae (RED4 QORL) stotrd ykdeod (ude / eBLoLila® eutiled ty iedd to aothtooe adtooe @oguetoler amoktigaco athe: sone tisy ta-evs aagigey osth at oe eaianies (oses) SLowit hae (@08L) sok «¢voe2) onotendol odie gusdmueod edi beditoned aot vat dite gatioeb ylewode bateg ede eno -y lao edt ampett avad. ov emoos: (Of-T 4 aboot)! ‘wed got dud? doe stol mort seoY oft aoowted vepdesethebads a2 itowos ‘tiote la, 20 omiey Sinead otaitou® . thkap 8. say dot (tite ex ope: ew towegat Iedah wend h Re dome whe —_ ct (nebye oni) avadey] avresay ab ath (adhtesodory .'¢ ate (poqlobet 2 tre cedy gue tyeltg gebeter? siamadtoy + enie vin crot shuswmedzey setom stad ms el) xemuk stawedod ~gixddoe) ‘2 * geaul mob’ sed nti neeed hum tue paloeye «© mh Content Gnkwond mone: aulndvodsy = . best. aad best sotosocory .§ weien tna ekanszell. nabashtedoeieta ot to Bp! “hi Z : : d A ‘ rf ' / é we ee Si is Jae ae ’ wr i AY geet) Aen “Aid| B. rugosa, die Riggenbach in seinen "Bemerkungen ueber das Genus Bothriotaenia Railliet" Ubersichtlich zusammenstelit, recht unbe- deutend sind und vielleicht doch noch im Rahmen der Variationsbreite einer einzigen Species untergebracht werden kénnen;" and, as regards the latter, in a footnote: "Die von M. Luehe ... ala Unterscheidungs- merkmal vorceschlagene Lage der Dotterstécke zum Theil (B. rugosa), baw. auschlicsslioch (B. probosgidea) zwischen den Langsmuskeln, acheint mir zuch nicht genugend constant mu sein, um ala Species- merkmal verwandt werden zu kOnnen." For material from Leta vul- gris Schneider described a scolex and segmenta both similar, as he pointed out, to those of B. proboseidea (= A. orasgum). The arrangement of the genitel closeae, irregularly alternating but unilateral for long stretches, the openings of the uteri in a long- itudinal furrow, the carly form of the uterus-sac and the size of the egge (64.5p x 50-524), aa deseribed by the same worker all agree with A.craseum as studied by the writer (cf. infra). In con- Glusion Schneider said: "Uebrigens habe ich, wie gesagt, auch an die Examplaren aus dem Museum keine Pseudoscolexbildung bemerkt und zweifle daran, dass B. rugosa und B. gadi ein und dieselbe Art gind" and further, "Es ist mir Ubrigens bisher noch nicht gelungen, B. rugosa oder B. gadi im Gadus morrhua des Finhischen Mesrbusens aufzufinden, obgleioch ich zahlreiche Exemplare des Dorsches seciert habe, und obgleich B. rugosa in Lota vulgaris hier oft genug vor- kommt. Auch das soheint gegen die Identitat der Species B. rugosa mit B. gadi zu spreshen." Thus we see that there is considerable detalled evidence thtt the species from Lota is not the same as that from the marine Ges j EERO SEs aN ae ae < y = x ¢ ye ; 4 os fs puned. aah heutoas aeyaed sano" egaler ih) ‘dosdeeegeet ebb * ~ olin tioot .dlieteacupaeus. hot iedoterodis "debiliah's ate budto ¢ 94 fexdeqottivédaal’ seb gondch Me Koen doab tieteliety batt: tate | a bragen oe yee, Seana ap ker CURRANAR RDNA Nits ; _ se gevbteodos REPO GLE 65s eden) NM gov o20" jatentoe? Mand ox 8) (segnus -f) Ltadt «um edobseretiod 29b.aged cone Slo searme wail arab nedey tee (gebtoaodon,: ) do akonstnitgs weehoedS els su .ter aa tastenon: baesuaey, tcoie dows rt & Lev BOO) ott Latretes cot * « aeseeantod me gee Done 98 .~tat lmte. died. Gd TR OMRSR baa. nelooe: s hed2reaed ait oc? -(gwesano «£ *) sebtogodoxd fl 20 seod of 00:2 a owe grkianietle ylaeluaasit spannose Let tae wad. sath mol amt Rtotg ro To.egninede of? ,nodntarte gaol x to ente ad? baa Oe ote? gs add. 20 avet: ‘esas: et . fhe setae ene. ot ed hedixoveb ea .(4ea-08 & yas 100 al .{artat.. to} sot bot add - Sethute we ewer Ain ie deine tusces sim «fio e odd. ensgtidel™ then ‘tab tivened ‘gauhs tdxeLooeobwees peed. museca: nob euay frh gclenehh has ate Bhen .G bite snopsre sg coabcyaetan: i t mogmiuy tdoke doog rede td eae toda the ted oF predeaet. oe onsets gedesignit ach Seto 70" pxbahiat thap .8 zeke: 0) tustoon cadeqvet’ aokb: ore Lament ‘etn tut ices. del dodnigdo vt “SOY guucy sho veld gisaplop spol mh geonuy G dotelydo aeons .§ eptoeqh teh tht ttaonl ot anaee Takedou eab dowk « “i | ‘ ‘oti sedowsye. ve thay olf ponehive beLtes tab oLionehtenoo) el omede pads 900; eat enivem edt mork todd ee pmee> om? tod ek — aon) aeroege, 7 d) nl Pa x 9 4 an Se hosts. We must then go back of Linstow's time in order to deter- mine, if possible, what is the oorrect name for the latter. Next in retrogressive order is van Beneden's (1871 : 56) description of A. gadi, confined to a short footnote which deals with little more than the pseudoscolex. So far as it goes thie agrees with Loennberg's A. rugosum and with the material studied by the writer. Olsson (1867 : 54) was obviously dealing with the same form which he reported from marine hosts only. Diesing (1863 and 1850) copied from Rudolphi while Cobhold (1858) had the marine form before him, and Baird (1853) had the fresh-water form. In spite of Linstow's objection the writer feela certain that Dujardin (1845) elao hod the species dealt with here, especially sinee his measurements of the eggs come nearest to those observed than to those of any other writer. It remains then to enquire into Rudolphi's finding and desoription, Leuckart (1819 : 57) copying from him altho at the game time remarking that "Ist am nichsten mit den B. proboscidens verwandt, und, wenn er nicht eine Art mit diesem ausmacht zwischen B. proboscideusund B. sagittatug zustellen." For B. rogogua Rudolphi (1810 : 42-43) described a seolex, quite comparable to that of his B. provoscidems and to Linstow's des¢ription and figure of the organ, no neck and segments "primi angusti, fere quadrati, insequentes latitudinis yatione habita brevissimi, sacpeque inequal- ea, vel hine inde angustiores; margints abtusi crassiusouli." This with "neque ovaria, neque foramina artioulorum vidi ... " and the further fact that he obtained his specimens from Gadus lota (= Lota wulgaris), leads the writer to believe that he was not dealing with the form present in marine hosts but with a form rca ; , in a ae <4 a CoH ie : eohehk of: cohaew ad cake a wore med Re. doad OB. ats few: « i | ¢uely « tedtah, ome ohvmae: Hoe os: oat of ‘Pode! kdtaang tits ; ) aotiabwpeah: (Bg ulSBL). 0 eehemed: ar of got g ow tnoasnomd CLIP EL Ghee wiheew do lde otoutea? erated ot: bea Shae % «thm hd de parite weed 2 UL ee mel 8 oMedegnehy ote ‘walt: ata Meates edt Ed betbut« + oatmeal ein bam wae et yind we E do tet amg omits ode dete qatkaed eiweed go. ent f bE 2. SOLE e | helgoo (908¢ hes SORL } attandd 7s al oie reins naaiall Loge A gate ovohod sot egivam odd bow (926s): biodded: oh bere site 2) a'rofemhk te eo $ hope : mer toro? Kotewadannh: it seins if bad ante P2GL) wbGatett dat mire ise sleet Pethne edd 10! te otheaeswesem eld conis vilatneewesoned aviv SLeeb nehom -tedéa wre tc seodt ot and? Sevroudo ened? © t tectsan via08 | hea aint id ua) ideghobert otmt: oxtepae ot muieslt ‘ei tomer. it ‘with Qa add fe mad soon gabe (Fe : ‘AiBt) Praxo red. ot ste sHobtovodose 1G. oreb ohm. Bes adiodic an tol” tas? aabinend on Aedealwa tinreowE ons Lb’ t dn. MAL wake tots: te. eet shi a ‘eh ' > ME a y MRCS: A Cl \".aofotem eptattinse \k twenobhegs od akin nnae of Lup 4x Loot * bed Loses (EbWRE @ “+ 08) a | er ugkt fae mote qiwhe ab niwodrnhl ot baw euohtoacdosy was ett | q Sechimp ened: ieppns fain; ataeaged Bee tees on a -Laspect « paarse , fedeatverd #2 ided emo btex ‘piarbue al acta *.ilepumiler ron Seaitle enaLe7 * sevvettewsaa ofnt emitey bee"... ibtv swrolwupjies sotmanot? enpead),ettevo: eyper™ x | Biol euFs0 meri anomioeys wld bedltatdo' ed fat t028 ‘tod fan easw ot ¢aa% aveliad of tet tow ext? ‘ehast ‘ Ex fe pix erot « étlw tad steed saitem st caneene e107 omen — Oe hn or Ae ys a a ‘ ‘ LY , a ob ir ae 7 j iyi an 7 * 7 14 io’ 5 Ali ? ete Aah Vat ie 4 ; we ‘aa, 4) * a 263 whieh, if not identioal with A. orgasum, -- hie B. infundibuli- formis and B. provoscidena, -+ wae very ¢lose to it. We must then go back farther to Batsoh (1786 : 208-S) where the species, T. rugosa was named on the basis of Goevze's (1782 : 410) desoription of "Der runzlichter Fischbandwurm" from Gadus mustela (= Motella mustela), the marine five-brearded Rockling of Europe, whieh the latter called T. tetragonoceps Pallas with some doubts, however, ae discussed under the next species dealt with here. Batech gave the following diagnosis of T. rugosa: "Taenia (larvata)eapite ennico eum corpore subconfluente, papililie lateraliter adnatis usque ad apicem oapitia, eisque binis: articulis brevis- gimis, dilatatis, corpore aerrato." He used Goeze's Pigs. 1-4 and pointed out that he (Goeze) reeog- nized differences between his specimens and Pallas' T. tetragone- geps, for "Er rechnet beyde Wirmer fur eine Art, und die Glieder nebst dem ganzen Korper haben viel Gleichheit, auch die dussere Gestalt des Kopfs. Doch sind bey diesem letatern die Saugblasen bey weiten nicht so devutlich cezeichnet, und atellen vielmehr, wie sich GStze ausdrickt, zwey Buckenbarte vor. Die Furche auf dem Korper ist avch vorhanden, nur scheint der Korper mehr geatreckt, und am Rande mehr zackig zu seyn." Consequently the correct name of the speies depends on whether we consider Goeze's deseription, sugmented by Batach's contributions, to be applicable to the material at hand. The largest of Goeze's specimens measured in warm water a yerd and a half in length by soarcely one+half a line in breadth; but the latter is decidedly at variance with hia Pigs. ~ Sie as, ho Aree! hae Fe “wl ‘kw I) ae) ry ot 6 Pow #) _ : pamee if om Co en # on ¥ s- = ye eas wg + j | Al % & Pa yee i my vue od er ey Aen mri ks a (NS ke v. ip Ara) ER OWie: ie i" ; anes aT pl em ie ney mean ‘Tins 7 a : Pt, Lud Lona tat 61d w=) yous BAG. + Sete keekgenl ton 18 f | pte seme of emake -YLer eGR ot peremepriee ee (2>808 vt WORE) dass af. of -tedbent of ne 00 | pi soktqiuvered (0ie ¢ GEYL) 2 eae08 tenon sad gnitemonion ale at ! : fy eiivtel «) siegeue ested moth" cage oeadden 24 ‘ee Mo & Ge ute od! doisy .sgotg? te: gaiivngl Aetigeddaqy [2 settee cTivorMs ,Stdvoh egeg div eallat anononomanh af 2h evan dovtwt:.. ated Aitin tieeh ge teoge : txen: ‘whit, sebairbe oe Csi tay ans ' 1gpgqur it wor etnomgezd iz i My gull {> SIO Mave coteas.ed: sanp ataezad) ataatt we + tok ee as atramba ted kipratal : ht Lb. oraonts tO : sedvend: etiveltsa petite eupe be emthiges: eee soy | SARE las Eo it tah SOR MET. etogzod pattatassy | ro + atgpoeen foa00)} « oi tadt: to Satalhog: saw. Pek veglt: s / ~gagnertes «2 19. af hat bre eneatooye eid mented: em ROROREA 9 2% Set gtd ye malt) soar Be obyed tondoat 9 | es (Htoddo tof) Lede sodas. soet oman neq dgra Ob atelated seeshh yod bake dood setgol, ote stiamfete asilete has ,tendoterey Moglivoh oa. Sebo bi oh Yarkedtbart sit vsov etiadnexont yews tigittbawe ‘—g@dosrt aan Teh Reqned row tutedow Be obaadsoy: dose. ” omen $Qo¢ten ssit cibanepeene® * yen we pgistoes adem. Daa «soleetronsi e'eaood .ceble Tmo ew codtadw go olbueqeb ealone ° ‘ ed? of eldanilaqa sv of ,enobtadizusgaoo a \dostel wo om ; Gi horus stomtocge @ oss) te teeyral edt) vbedd pad ; oni! ilLad-ene yfooxeoe Yd éuaet as ied hae ‘busy Patty opt, elf dtte epantzev te yiheblodb at wansaly ont ce jute 4 i” - he : ( . ; us if Mp he k a sy 7) iC é “ - i 648 ee Maa ee | hg Did " pe 363 1 and 2 which he said were drawn in "natlirlicher Grbase", in which ease the width would be from 7 to 15 lines ani the scolex about 12.5 lines (6mm.) in length! For euch large specimens, ~~ even tho we consider only the first set of measurements, -~ he described and figured nothing of diagnostic value other than « seolex pro- vided with two bothria pretty mich of the ordinary type, behind this a "distinctly jointed" and "slmost cylindrical” neck and slong both surfaces of the posterior closely crowded segments a median longitudinal furrow, 211 of which characters more nearly agree with the proboscideum type of_A. crassym (vide infra) rather than with the A. rugosum deseribed above. And since the letter is elearly not T. tetragonoocps Pallas as deséribed by Batsch (1.c.: 204-208), the only course that seema open to he writer is to refer the species to ven Beneden's Abothrium gadi. However, in view of the fact that no material from the European ling (Lota vulgaris) Was available for a compsrative study, he dees not feel justified in taking this step, but here retsins at least tentatively the specific nome Abothrium rugogum (Botech, 1786) (nec A. rugosum Goeze, 1783). The material studied consisted of seven lots from Meleno- grammus se¢lifinus, and one from Gadus ca@liarias, from the writer's Collection; end one lot from the latter host from Coil. Univ, Ill. UN Wiig OR ene nn a ae “eens tate tiebinrt sme, “eee vase ncaa sg vane ita is ie xeloow add haz nowt: ar ot Smortt sd kinor Mtb iw ae of BUF +! an ves i fo eqe syicad Conk 20% ei renee canted smebyesats oe baditcead ed ~- yedaawk nee sea to Yow dent? say eine: aebtanan 4 oa "erg st DL OO Gti re $ouht 9 von Lew CAPR OMBWTLE a gations ys \ Rotded eqet qxuntiete td (to tie is yttenyg abtdtod one: shy. “gmota bees oets * Lan Ps bt lye teomls" tages *ooamedk ae Rs 2a 6 etacrigee Dobsoro yissols sale abaatacta sult te ad . serpe ylison otom atetoatadn dotde to: ee visu e: at settal.cit sonia. bak: -evods bod bege ab oy sa orga tT ‘ * 3.0.2) dooted Ww Bedigbesb ex eebios ; eyoounouansat 4¢ - - ret ox oe at tot in ody 0%. mogo amese tad? eure hae Ye voy al mpi ane r piht ten Kasqouse et? moet Latieton: on — pelditei, fest #00 coat iit etwen wearable ‘gi cor 1a ve 4 OH? "ev icetret sesal ta enlater eced Sut ‘aiden as ig r f 4 ry, i a ‘ ' aie “tet mee erol aevon te bei jeteoo - hotbute anyone a t ! Ai a*rotiws eds sos’ (Se sixes SAS § Oe hata ae agai, Aes £inee * : eEAd ell .. dod mee), teed tottel ade nor? tet « Mt baa 5] a | ar. 4, ay y ‘ a “yy ( ‘ f : , j hy ’ ’ ; " . Species 2. Abothrium crassum (Bloch,1779) (Figs. 93 —106.) Taenia crassa Taenia saluonis _Taenia tetragonoceps (part. ) Taenia capite truncato "Der runzlichter Fischband- wursi” Taenia proboscis suilla Taenia tetragonoceps Taenia proboscidea Taenia salmonis Taenia salvelini Taenia salvelini Taenia salmonis Taenia salmonis Taenia proboscides Bhytis salvelini Bothriocophalus proboscides Bothrioe.e infundibuliformis Bothrioce proboscides Bothrioce proboscidea Bothrioce infundibuliformis Bothrioce proboscidea Bothrioc. infundibulifornis Ploch Mueller Pallas Bloch Goeze Goeze Batsch Batsch Gmelin Schrank Schrank hudolphi Pose Rudolphi Zeder Rudolphi Rudolphi Lamarck Rudolphi Rudo lphi Leuckart Leuckart 1779 : 1780 : 1781 : 1782 : 1782 : 1782 : 1786 : 1786 : 1790 : 1790 : 1793 : 1795 : 1802 : 1802 : 1803 : 1810 : 1810 : 1816 : 1819 : 1819 : 1819 : 1819 ; 264 187,472 137,473 38 42 eg > pe 6 SosSerr ; S82 eva, Tel Eve, TEL BE Sb ; -{QV0L, doolt) apanota auiulsods »& mice eh as 2 errs Pee - (,d0L— &e , sgt Z) i UF doold | BREED 3 a 40! Lout! s alacatas as : 08 enlis’ { daeg) ep doolG e000 = bicaddoat? nr Satis we * eat & one00 oa sda a | dando’ | agsveroyssd nd. skp doeded | —— __> ath Leu co genial al daaetee | fabfovina! ais tnendo” Enterta ti idglobutt sigoalss ‘ shi aso - phgontna ale Ldghobusd spblovodong af zobes idq lobed nen aaa ligiehsl almotHedthopiat spotedieg i | heen ‘deldpialibat’ sooisareg bdglobyd seb toaodosg -20baddod «| {dglowt aluotlindtbautal -olgddod Sradoues avbtosodeny «polaideg sastoved pa a ws seabtel 1843 1844 1844 1845 1845 1846 1850 1850 1853 1853 1863 1863 1867 1871 1878 1884 1889 1892 1893 1893 1894 1896 1896 1899 Bothrioc. Bothrioc. Bothrioc. Bo thrioc. Bothrioc. salmonis umblae Bothrioc. proboscideus Bothrioc. Bothrioc. proboscideus Bothrioc. infundibuliformis "Bothriocephalus du Saumon” Dabothrium proboscideum Dibothrium infundibuliforme Pobhrioc. proboscideus Bothrioc. infundibuliformis Dibothrium proboscideum Nibothrium infundibuliforme Bothrioce proboscideus Bothrioc. proboscideus infundibuliformis infundibuliformis Bothrioc. suecicus Bothrioc. proboscideus Bothriotaenia infundibuli- ormis Bothriot. infundibulifornis Bothriot. infundibuliformis Abothrium crassun infundibuliformis infundibuliformis infundibuliformis Koelliker Bellingham Belligghan Dujardin Dujardin Blencheard Diesing Diesing Baird Baird Miesing Diesing Olsson Beneden Linstow Zschokke Loennberg Matz Olsson Olsson Planchard hriola Riggenbech Luehe vw O) oO Ont ‘Aus A inst u > one c we “at ¥ — Le 5 a t G 5 rs ( e " Ole 2 2 ea 88 ‘_ [o » al . aw se . 7 Wee. um | Yi : r bal aVi i T . b J Or =i a S38 4.87 Seas fO9i pear ied | ¢ r ad z qovttieo®t anklied ‘ ;. r me Oe A ¢ 4 120 SHSLG gaksott noea lO sobeded wosenil : eltodons 318 dnaoodl gpa seeetO seanald alokrh dosdneygis odou.! “gartot Led tons bat mebstostt 2 | giant ud ibaotal saat | ah ‘ghrsottludthnuttet sain ainoatae: re such Loestong +oodsddog oda alazot Ind thaw tet spouted ee =o bude atazo’ ifudibgutat -oluidod “momge: gb ata auchtosedong subaddosia sorbtoecdong -sobndtot ao we a auebtosotone gut soto tL ludthowtn! ny auobLonodong “+9 — aeobionodens "gods pices nidol — | sinvolllostbotat oot . | vsokuisen pinxod Livéibau'ad sooladiog etvrotil addin st re soladiog -tigdibautml ee?) an a "1D “a sles Lyddiew'al vdoladd of 7 alurottind thantn -Joladi og #20 foeus- Pp A, | dB) 7 Pt See. | res? Oe 1900 Bothriot. proboscidea Aviola 1900 ; 433 1900 Abothrium crassum Luehe 1900a: 97 1909 Bothrioc. probosci‘eus Scott 1909 : 78 1910 Abothrium crassum Luehe 1910 3: 26 1910 Abothrium crassum Vard 1910 : 1184 Specific diagnosis: With the characters of the genus. Large cestodes with maximum length, breadth and thickness of 870, 6 and omm.e respectively. “Scolex variously shaped; usually rounded pos- teriorly and truncated anteriorly; with prominent bothrie and ter- minal disc. First segment may or may not be elokated to form a short neck. Proglottides at first broad and short or more qua- drate, cuneate or infundibuliform in shape; then, in the middle of the strobila, five or more times broader than long; and finally posteriorly quadrate or as long as broad. Usually a median lon- gitudinal groove down each surface of the strobile formed by emor- ginations on the posterior borders of the segments. Cuticula 4 to 5uthick, subcuticula6O to 100p. Calcareous bodies (?) absent in adult strobilas. Longitudinel muscles not in bundles; no muscular septa between proglottides. Nerve strands 40,in diameter, dorsal to inner end of cirrus-sac. 12 chief ex- cretory vessels, 6 on each surface just within the transverse muscles, reduce’ to 6 or 8 anteriorly. Genital cloaca irregularly alternating, but unilateral for long stretches; from one-third to one-half way along the margin 7 & E&d » OOCL lotta seb taeodong -doleitoa -000r Te, 280001 adoud Stfrg ivaasne suladtods 000R BY s CORI $4002 apebbosodots »goiaisos | OS: OIL: > adhend fatto mobuddode * Saif: OBL buts) eitasareg git oytsJ “nuneg ed? lo ssefosians ond seit . ssteolyais ol Lhove baa 2 (OTR Yo seoutoldy bae dihaedd dtgnot cities 2X Aer Atte 4 e “309 Sebawor Wlawey {beqade vlavoltay xefoo® weritesg ‘ ~red bas sk d}od taentnorg Adie iwnolvedas Sednanind bas ¢ 8 mro} og bedagole ed ton yaa 10 Yow Saenger ontt +08 ; bs ; “auD oto 10 duoda Bae baoud ferlt ds sobldolgor% - | nnd to oLbhat and ni ody i oqada at mrottindtbustek 10 wa a uLéad? bas tgaol uadd “‘tehoord soukd ores 710 ovit .sllde ~aol thibon r) gllauel bao as gaol aa 40 etorbagp | ae : “808 w bomrod alidorte edd to woatae fone aveb oroorg sal udaeayes odd to erob0d xolted20g ony no a awoorsolad , 400f of OBaluotivodue okdd y & of b stuoltet fon ealoemt Lagt! badkgnod - eal téorte Huba ot ineade oF ebnatts evast bebistolyor neowted adyoc saloonum on veel “xe totde sf (oseregttto to hae sennl of Lasiob sedéaath a | ebievhaiia odd alddite seut ose tame done no 0 Blossev: a -throkseine 8 19.0 0} heouber ,xele 102 letetaliun Jud ponisaniodic Usolegort sosola fat ined " sigtem edd ynola yaw ad-ono of batdd~eg0 most jeedoterta c < ° - 9 ae ae Phin ‘ 267 of the proglottis. Vagina opens shead of and slightly ventral to the cirrus; no distinct hermaphroditic duct. Testes within the nerve strands, pseudostratified, continuous from joint to joint; elongated dorsoventrally, 95-115 x 70-1004 ; 40 to 150 in number. Vas deferens lateral, elongated, with few coils before entering the cirrus-sac, 350-600 x 150-180» in dimen- sions. Cirrus-sac ovoid with narrow end outward, 130-380 x 60-150" Cirrus proper an almost straight tube in outer half of sec. Ovary comparatively small, irregular or somewhat lobed, with thick isthmus, o.8mm. wide by 0.13 long. Oocapt 40pin diameter. Usually two ventral vitelline ducts unite to form a common duct which does not act as reservoir. Vitelline follicles irregular in shape and size, among the longitudinal muscles or outside of then, discontinuous. ‘Shell-gland small, compact,dorsal. Uterine duct with on}y a few coils near the medien line. Uterus-sac transversely elliptical or quadrate and somewhat lobed, rounded laterally, fil- ling up almost the entire proglottis when gravids opening in the median line opposite emarginations of segments. : hggs, 45-115 x 30-75, Svoid or ellipsodd in shape. Nabitat: In the pyloric coeca and intestine of the host. Host Locality Collector Authority Salmo salar <---<---- Borke Goeze 1782:417 a nett eomen Patsch Stiles and Hessall 1912:395 net a--------- - Rudolphi : CA 5 a 1 Pe Lan - a ‘ a. : \ ac as a “a *. Sey : Tos : f nae RW ee ai at) ihe a é of Leudnov iddgtte bas to beetle saego ashe: “salidolgony fede fash obs thondgawied JopiseLb om. seria avounkicos (boititeadsobuegg ,sbaanbe even odd addin sedeet> t NOOL-OF x BLL-88 , y{lowasvagyod bed ayaole inlet od wee vol Adie shadegao!s clouded enenoted as¥ stedas ab oat ¢ -nomth wl 4081-081 z. 006-028 caan-sunalo eds gnitedre croted & 02-03 x 088-08: _tawdne bere waren dt iw hhove oea~aurat) soem fo tLad rod n0 nb odus Higieate fronts na noqong & . dsig bodal Sarwqmos 10 astogortl otisag vovkieraqnsd qa stotemnth nfyOb dqs900 agaol €f.0 yd obiw wma 0 buen d ad . Soub noieso® e-aret of edtew efoub eniilejiv: fosinoy | ond ft aainjovsl oafoiliod ontLied3y, sahovsscetses toa toa & werd to shfelyo do. eol us Ienthutdynol od yon verde Sogh oniaest. .Learob, Jongaoo tome | bnaly-Lled? . F a i tleasevonsd) oss~ssi0l7 vont aston odd ‘qa0n efloo wot % «I22 ULenst ef sebavor hodol tadwonoe bas ‘elathadp 0 a ed al gainogo tbivens aodw aiJtolzorq exline edd taoatn 4 ? -afreages to eaotiaakyrane eliacqys * ° ogeite nk bhorgilie 10 Shov@ . 8-08 x “atten. -deod suld-to enldcotel bax acces oinolyg ond nt dad. de rm nblaod dud soseal tad - Ydbfaoad | Tiassavt éueed © ino _ aeeneeeer= (sea aolisc fdortat wines sedan ae niee “Tiavaalt , 7 " idqlobylt : otubsianed Salmo salar = se<<=<-e-- Zeder Stiles & Hassall 1912:395 2 “6 ween neeee Rudolphi Rudolphi 1810:40 ‘ e Gryphswald ’ ’ 1819:137 n : Ireland Bellinghem Fellingheml84/:253 “ m Paris Dujardin Dujardin 1845:615 Fe MCV. Miesing 1850:590 " eee Siebold & Baird 1853:88 Johnston (Coll.Prit. Muse ’ +d Varberg Olsson Olsson 1867: 53 ' e Belgian coast Peneden Beneden 1871:69 3 F Yarnemunde Zschokke Preun 1891:55 # , Naset Olsson Olsson 1893:17 e Rhine R.,Basel Zschokke Zschokke 1896:776 Salmo saler no- lurman-Kuste Zooleifuse. Linstow 1903:20 is KaissAkad. Visse,Petro- grad Salmo salar se- Lake Sebago,Me. Ward Ward 1910311 bao (84 Salmo abpinus Se etaaatatatatetatas MuseVienn. Rudolphi 1819:137 : ¥ Jemtland Olsson Olsson 1876:149 : : Lakes Nackten, z : 1893:17 Stors jon, ock- nes jon " carpio LeGarda, Italy Ninni Stossich 1890:7 " caspius Koarabuges-Strasse Meximovic Linstow 1903:20 " fario Ireland Bellingham Bellingheml844:252 83S coud ehnae SOBs 2101 Ifaeeat 080161 wie Ver@iat °.* e851 dlondges lie! go:abaf mibastut? e8iea8l baba ‘Besvegt:* -ounto” GorINBE nobonok 22:1@6f “avert PESCOL . gosetd BVTs9G8L edsorons Osebnes motes -orset, bl? “‘bety, IL:ofer- han b6) 3 Tesielal tdgPabait ; Sal rdVes. ‘sonal VL ;8eal . T;0@9L dolasol? O8s800L . wodeni! S86 :bb6laadgakllod - webod ‘Edqfehat 2 aodynt ives akdaa(s VeDell gies ser fo acdo} Sah 0a et ‘Sweld : nebsned -enbstortoe noaald oolodoat .aidt. Loa’. sbetAsalad Spiel “vtogade? edn sacel?. eat aoeal} % ane J an wa ‘ | ie ; Soapt, 2 caida shi 7 wa, " ~~ . ros ; " Pe, aS ie ae e a2 Ls ‘biatan fr Re AP ars josh ~ a i. teal yy eect ee : ia “ee 7 oul ‘. © ms . ~\ 4 \ \ + cf i . baelest pes -* _« ¢ ; "i fa : a8) : i] almo fario Rome Condorelli : 'yg-F luss Danilevskij huchO ew wnnnen-- Mus. Vienne& Bremser * Rte ao wenn Diesing lacustris Penacé Largaiolli Hamaycush Shoal Id.,Lake Milner Superior selvelinus <«-----<---- Schrank Fe ee Leder r eae eeen-- MuseVienns te Diesing siscowet Outer Id.,Lake Milner Superior thymallus = ----<--<-- Coll.Vienn. . vexillifer eee ee eee KC eve trutte Treland Bellingham Fe ee Coll.Prit. Muse ; Lakes Stérsjon, Olsson alen,Refunds- sjon,° 4811s jén,& Ockesjon, Jentiend . Murman-Kuste Zool.Mus.d. KaiseAkede Viss.,?etro- grad umbla SS eee? MsGs¥e Zschokke hriola 1900; 435 Linstow 19038:20 Rudolphi 1819:472 Niesing 1850:590 Ariola 1900: 435 Stiles & Hassall 1912:402 7m " 3803 Rudolphi 1819;137 Diesing 1850:591 Ariola 1900:435 Leuckert 1819:43 Diesing 1850:591 Bellinghaml844 3253 Baird 1853:88 Olsson 1893:17 Linstow 19103281 Diesing 1850:591 Zschokke 1884:21 wy > + Y 2 n eg fe ey a eS aear00el slosh iilexobaed ae oe O8800L wodedhl [bfevelined sasltegy 0 Sha ere! IdgLobua SounotVeouil ¢r8A0,S Eh a ne #e oe? 5 ie han yal ent’ Py i | a . . t 3 + e " J 4 Se : he: ; = 3 : ® eon ee ; a ae a a 7 : oa La J ae ow =e — > a Be MO SE he This species, originally given the specific name of Taenia crassa by Bloch (1779 : 545), was on the ene hand confused with A. rugosum and on the other given the new name Taenia probo- scis suilla by Goeze (1782 : 410-11, 417, resp.) according as it was found in Gadus or in Salmo salar, which confusion was evidently due to the fact that the latter followed Palias (1731) in calling it T. tetraganoceps. In a footnote he considered, in fact, that T. tetragonoceps Pallas, Taenia orassa Blech and T. capite thneate Bleach were all synonymous. But in spite of this he expressed doubt on the synonymy of the forms from the Gadidae and irom the Salmonidae. As the above synonymy indicates the species was then known for a number of years under at least two names, Bothrioce- cephalus infundibuliformis and B. proboseides which were used by Rudolphi (1910 : 46, 39) for the two formes from freshwater and marine salmonids in general. It was not until 1884 that Zschokke made a detailed comparison, -- it is true of external characters mostiy, -- of the two species from a number of different hotts, and showed that they must be considered only different forms of the game species. Later investigations into the anatomy by Matz (1892 110), who, however, studied only the proboscideus form from Trutta trutta and Salmo salar, have been considered to have established this contention, altho Olsson (1893 : 17) still reported both of ‘the older species with some doubt as to the use of the name B. in- fundibuliformis. Blanohard (1894 : 701), Ariola (1896 : 380) and Riggenbach (1896 : 233) evidently acceptedonly the latter specifie name, while Luehe (1899 : 39) first used the combination Abothrium crassum (Bloch) which is now generally accepted. Ariola (1900 : 4 , uae a - ' Te Fe Th ohh. Tineee sys ° | A ; CNL MAE ne) a] { f He Pe a ebay eh ‘ i A eed t , , . 7 : to eae of} Loy ait won tg: vEtdatytno: 0tpege nen : beewiace band o00 edt ao. eae (aa : wine) toolG: v6 gusezo 8 : & “eiesg sinoat omat wee, eit nf AGES, wht do haw. Bun ops A fhee gathn oon (sgeet) TLS: AL~OL8 1 eerey. 800 se Gltaehive saw audeutmve doiin eohew omtet nd to dll al shot hE Le ot (GBVL) ea Lit Dewed tor wastal: eat, aa teat a | dadd. tect ak dot ehtesop ‘ead ateutest: aats .egovenngant greonlt stig .2 das dei sonore etnest yealtets bees erqxs on aidt Yo otters ot tut selromenoage. tas ‘eae. mors thas eabibad edd ‘most esto? od¢ to yerconye: ¢ “aod ‘See. latin od ond onithiat Unyaoaye ovodia odd ba. ~pobEti ioe BoTAE OT ont tenet ta zabsy ereoy ko redawn s. t¢ Ye Reew-crom dotdy tv debtososorg «2 bas phagothtod pbeuftn! _ | Ragin. 0d aredees't wre emaict ‘owt oft Yo? aes ab 1 Oke y) etdodoes ded? aael thea ton. gam a _ vhareasy, at abla -etedpeteio Laaxstxe to sun? at tt =. 08 Ereqmoe bett bas .etdod dtoTIPTLD to-tedawa 6 mont eatooge oat odd 16: edt ‘to. amt tyateltlD ylao herebiscoo.ed teue yout £G8L) atu yd yootane od? otat ‘enodtagtteoval mated: ae Pew et ante me "Po. Aen a ae = oe © J 7 rad 3, yr 7) ue ', } ‘ A y ¥ eel; , mS. 2 Ds Oey ee e » ha ; Pree 7 P < ehsas og) ee tome edt ides es testes bisa oasieiane RR: ate ch dgtetl tott toc? okt Wetheepexceh evden) (tiated) Asbtosogons | SE se eo ee ee en a itvode eta to Ldn ko wero? ecddian!, neLeoe oid. obnaget eho s ) honcn O88 (apcintee gol mott eeaninege- saittaae sa (82 192% ae rode te pe tonie gato itaew Lelooge baes Potant: ~onetent team ai of aenro eft. to Bhca ToOdted ne Se 5 eS Le soy = ease: et do: an xo Looeoiaorg 2O Poe: 6 'axet nail wanes ‘ivedve worran.ad¢t mt nett iaog: net seine taten OF: ‘pdt nBietan beuot eew mbtroitetbor olathe | on taed- add oe bstip regavey edt ot - hom hase ‘fol wu0% od? De selt a ae | Bxsiboste dotde %e hae 88 stght ad eomodis oe ee | wrot Pextt eidt nets toegusl eff 698 .9eT te: dedt age teovaeds af% eftity dtheesd st Gayl ys Megael ink; 9 coe an TyewPoc! eradwenes “Peds oe yore, f x BP eas. tae oot -0?g dla we ooatq soled: pe hiqtomatsm ode sald fanaa OP 083 £2 gees esse aegeta odatt@ancesat Forttakd on teamocial Yo setged bas egeda at betuev ozs Prt on -om (O¢ euh pated mola tidos ed?.ot tktog ot sen: dagta'e | tags dont ad? yd testo at ats? Sas ,etiaen Lolo ydg %0- a : gots wothitaean fa0. too let wht hoo $2) as hes basot ‘enw bie -st0%n ~~ Seteoterometas Siddeney & demons: od} sonad. aa ao Bios of at som gaidiyne to tievey dom bit Letreten & 7 | My sali apm 19 Seeelo. Yideredteqas Lo ptaangse tokred me dat ad lk men noktetasarges Yo tenes odd “Ro ga bthenwn: esitdottea sume § avney od? at ae dom snnlygoted we marke sienss.., segs eee B74 Bothriosephalus, altho the writer was not able to distinguish the primary segments to his satisfaction. That was considered to be such ia shown in Fig. 939, a etretch of segments becinning 27mm. from the anterior snd of the strobile in question. The ides of dominsnoe of the anterior portions over the posterior portions, as dealt with under B. seorpii, is here ovrought out very nicely. In the probosoidieus type of stroblile the same method of subdivision was followed in the anterior segments, altho with grester diffical- ty on account of the fact that the segments are so closely crowded together longitudinally. Olsson (19867 : 53) noticed the subdivision of the segments producing an alternation of larger and smaller ones, but he considered it to be an artioqulatso spuria similar to that described by Wagener (1854 : 69) for Amphicotyle heteropleurum and by Krabbe (1965 : 37) for B. soorpii and other especies. Later Oleson (1893 : 17) stated thet transverse divisions ocourred in B._infundibuliformis 1° well aa in B. probogcideus. The youngest lots of material, studied by the writer were two taken from Lota maculosa from Lake Ontario, off Port Credit, Ontario,, and one from the intestine of a young Cristivomer namaycush from the same locality. The lot from the Lake Front contained all stages from that shown in Figs. 104 to the largest which by comparison with adult specimens from the same hoat were found to belong to this apeoies, While no stages were found be- tweon that shown in Fig. 104 and that in Fig. 102, -- altho two others were only slightly larger than the latter, -- it seems rea- sonable to consider the latter iteelf to belong to this series and to represent the earliest stage of the same. Figs. 105 and 106, ’ i lee P fae a ; ‘WiLL ] re peau a Vega i hee | | P i hy ¥ tA abate ny 4 ge? Ac Loge t Se NO oF Oke: Port exe soo kaw. SHOR, eahta eG OF Bonebigece | naw ity sete kt ont bieK: nied. of atnenen: x OUTS galomined atimeawte te Agrsipe & OF eet eh. teadte on to welt cd? sao scup, of abiverte ede ho hae agkretac vd, SOILD BOPNteos sith, yeveemekerag xosveond Mig Foe i eee ta guony ental cl Atanas « eine, atte th ‘@pbatvipta ho poddom emey odt aLidoute: to equd s O 29009 : ae “Lin MER geveery Etts oftLe .ePaseyee xotretas ade at ome! | bebwcko: ylorcin om exe adaomgon odd, edd teat ade 16 J Godedy atta ois beottom (BS 4 Teac) anewso aa rian, ee ie ae teptenret ts Ge ga tewborg | ae Se taetiete ren etme: : isons Bitetwo et ys as od of at vein ail be sgiryso boon a tot o6rtoe tomb aor. (90:9 4008). romogatng S Sete .eekooge tasty tae pbctoos <8 vod Crew: =o ea ‘gee esate bvth varovemest Saad botage (se sh pth NH hen v/ Sgebignegong Ls at BD. igow: a Lato’ Ongr Te tue odd qd hokouts Sabsed an bao aco tecgaimt ; osP4PetD tol To yatarad: eed con? pepsepee ptod ‘4 a Rarer eis yepor.# to eakteovad ode most one, weil MOONE wed oth NOE det of -eeeRewol emsarelle wen | fesgsel oat of r0L ; ep27 of avode fade mart eogete fLa' . oni eter Herd site of net aneattnsce tLe da tw sontnoqnoo ot Ineo” sxsw exguts Ga vitsy sqgotosge ekdy of paoled Oo ont odfle +~ (S01 . 22% at godt tne SOL ‘BAT at anos tas 7 ~50% eisoe th —- ytetiel odd gadt toqret vitdotle qin “7 bes avitee sind of gaoledod Blend? weteat aft teblecco on 180L tae 20L .egtT some edt Ro egute tewttaae ode ny! -_ ‘ ‘ * yy. ; nt q i 7 > i 5 _ » 5 if / i Pi Aig erty f iti ead *, of two later stages, are given to show the manner of beginning of the segmentation ond the early dropping off of two or more very immature segnents from the posterior end. The first indications of this is probably represented in Fig. 104, sltho the atrobila in Fig. 105 does not show it. The relative dges, however, of these two is difficult to estate définitely since the first one is more contraeted longitudinally than the other. On the other hand, two, intermediate in length between those shown in Figs. 105 and 106, were indented posteriorly, thia showing that some of the earliest segments had already been lost. Thus we eee that at\a very carly period in the development of the atrobila of this species a few of the first formed ssgmente are lost 1n much the game way os the bladder of the cysticercus of the taenloid cestodes is cast off in the final host. | The material atudicd conetsted of five lote from Salmo salar, eleven from Ori ati vomer namayough, two from Cqeconus elupei- formia, ond S90 from Lote, magulogs, ell from the writerg aollec- “thon; and, eight lots from 9. namayoush, end two from L. miguiesa from the Colieat,of the University of T1l4nofe. ‘to! hes amy af ho. stengeninin quit vedas pat sil ere. sespere stab, ont 3 TINT tom to om Yo! Wie yarh-njona issn ash? tame, Watas pagkt acts eek wet ene Sokeotead oat sys?) esompre mk at kote: nie ade he wt08 ght me botupwvsges cipeioes 2) a! onentt Se sg “ov inet vee enki fox ad? + wate: ste vad Bae emour 4 Jak ee 2t raid Soate vied basher etate of" vt poet: (dat Seite ott oO acrediip emt) ends : ot ialjcemett has wu iF. r Tae es j 4 ae ~% Tears iy. A , Lo e = r “1g rt, : Mt.$ ” . 278 Blanchard, R. 1894. Notices sur les parasites de l'homme (troisieme série), 4. Sur le Krabhbea grandis, et remarques sur la classification des hothriocephalgs. Compt. Rend. Soce de Piol., Par., 46, 10 s., 1(27) :699-702. Bloch, Me Ee 1779. Deitrag zur Naturgeschichte der Vurmer, welche ‘ an- deren Thieren leben. Beschaft. d. Berl. Gesellsch. naturf. Fre, 4 :534-561, pl.l2, figs.3-5, pls.14-15. 1782. Abhandlung von der Erzeugung der Eingeweidewurmer und den Mitteln wider diesselben. ine von der Koniglich Dan- ischen Societat der Wiss. zu Copenhagen gekrénte Preisschrift S4ppe, lOpls., & » Berlin. Bosc, L. A. G. 1802. Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur descrip- tion et leurs moeurs. 1 ;324pp., pls.l-10; 2,300pp., pls.ll- 253; 3, 270ppe,pls.26-32. Braun, le 1891. Helminthologische Mittheilungen. Centrbl. Pakt. u. Parasit., 9(2) :52-56. 1894. Vermes (Cestodes) in: Bronn's Klass. u. Ord. des Thier- reichs., pp»927-1006; 1007-1118; 1119-1166; pls.35-37. 1895. Ideme, ppel167-1246; figs. 38-43; pls. 38-47. 1896-4 Ideme, pp-1247-1358; pls. 48-50. 1897. Idem., figs.48-49, pp-1359-1406; 50-52,pp.1407-1454; 53-55, pp.1455-1534. o—- “in Gh eee he ee Soe Ste Te erage pone are loins sadletoat) emxod"{ 9b a aol: ‘tise seontot eer aottaoit ienalo of tas woppwtast de yeibnoty anddend of m2 ” at ehh yetel + fod ob 2002. shrek: stgned +a Ladgeoodsdiod 206 - | 209-0081 (ve)P oe OL: pe +A oli fi : «ne ni ‘oie ,temusT rob esSfoldoeoginialt aye ysudted. - od — ay oe / _slaujen sdoeilesed .iveG sh. .diedoeod .nodel. fhovelat 1 ue - OE Mvalg. BoSptat? Mle Lat gf820885 > eal a ay haw rentiivedtows; gaid 10h yomguesag. 20b. nov gow LorsddA 2 =p. dobigtast ‘seb gov enld - .aodlegaeth aehw sled Gh cman stables soyedineqo0 v2 ,eolW qeb dédolooe ¢ far . Cohn, Le 1902. Zur Kenntnis des Genus Wagneria Monticelli und anderen Cestoden. Centrbl. Pakt. us Parasit., abt.1, 33(1) :53-60, figs.A-B. Cooper, A. Re 19l4ea. On the Systematic Position of Haplobothrium globuli- forme.Cooper. Transe Roy. Soc. Cane, Series III, VIII,sec. 4 :1-5. 1914b. A New Cestode from Amia calva Le Trans. Roy. Cen. Institute, 10(2) :81-119, 3pls. Creplin, T. C. H. 1839. Eingeweidewiirmer, Pinnenwirmor, Thierwiirmer, in: Allg. Encycl. d. Wissensch. ue Funste (Ersch & Gruber), Leip- zig, Sectgl, 32 :277-+302. Diesing, C. H. 1850. Systema Helminthum. Vol.l, xiii, 679pp. 8 . Vindo- bonaee 1854. Ueber eine naturgemésse Verteilung der Cephalocotylean. Sitzungsbe de Ke Akad. d. Wissensch., Vien, liath.-naturw. Cl., 13(2) :556-616. 1863. Revision der Cephalocotyleen. Abth. Paramecotyleen. Idem, 48 :200-345. | Donnadieu, A. le 1877. Contribution & l'histoire de le ligule. J. de Manat. et physiol.,etc., Pars, 13(4) :321-370,pls.14620, figs. 1-60 JQats - porebss baw ilfeotinolt steunglt per 2a8- eka. on 3 a 08-88; (Lee nes _tieadt a otted .LeRSD. « “aituboteot | | | Feces: | | Mace aig ~Hodely motuisgdel¢sh to ne tstaot oktaned sf oft oQ° sah - 008, IDTV {ITT aelse2 ..n0d' 008 +Yod sata neque hing ¢ | “ recall oe: =a stad oor genes a anda sink we eae. veil bel 4 : rind valge REts18s (you cori “ees oe Oe ‘ae hiaibeuenar Tommiwrennts sonbestbongelt gies Casi. #ofowad) eden ej doaneeal® sb sfoqen SOS-TUSs BE, [ysoaen gy ~ Cobal¥ .° “Ss qqed gata wndbebiet nde: +0 sonelydovolsigeD teh yatliedsey satan gil ob onto sedeU. geld owinder- tc’ nel ).donteetl® »b Shald 28 | ALBB2Be @ “noel ydoveaste? ddd ee 9, ash nolelves - yae-dots a the daabte 06.50 eh & fotiudixine te 7 — 03-1 agit Ate (9) sont arddng 2 “4 ‘ ’ ee ott ie gk: ‘ >’ : ind ST a P # - “a Uy ae a os & . . Duchamp, Ge 1876. Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur les li- gules. J. de Zool., Pars, 5(5) 3372-373. Dujardin, F. 1845. Histoire naturelles des helminthes ou vers intestinoux. xvi 654 15pp., l2pls. 8 . Paris. | Drummond, J. Le 1838. Notices of Irish Entozoa. Charlesworth's lag. Nat. Hist., London, nese (22)2 :515+524; (23)3571-577,figs.28- 29a-e; (24):655-662,6figs. Eschricht, D. F. 1841. Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen ueber die Bothryocephalen.e Nova Acta Acad. nate curios., Vratislavise & Bonnae, 19, suppl.2,i-ix 1-152,p1s.1-3. Fabricius, 0. | 1780. Fauna groenlandica, systematice sistens animalia Groen- landiae occidentalis haetenus indagata,etc.,etc. Ipl., xvi 452ppe, lpl. 12. Hafniae et Lipsiae. Praipont, J. 1880. Recherches sur l'appareil excréteur des trematodes et des cestodes.--2 communication; 3 communication. Bull. acad. roy. d. sc. de Belg., Prux., An.49,2s., 50(7) :106-107; (11) : 265-270. | 1881. Idem. Deuxieme partie. Arch. de biol., Gand, 2(1) 31- | 40,plsel-2, figsel-12. nail “ee : 44 Th SN ee re ii sel ave RTO te te souptantons ede ) PSNG-2YE (BIB. got98. «allt eb re ddan 8 sees et sxoecki ssiai agey so sedinbaled sab seLlomtan ontodere sitet» 8 sal, rages. 280.4 y ee ' ; a) tae: =~ eevee shy 268 tevten apt .1it smodtaiot adder’ eh, uantecaacvaell 8b » ¥s endorse? seb sglnetess eivabeaay Ole of sehataad mh “11,54 «faqs of us $482 .foos amb olf SBE _anonalnagp ol. IEAM, »al9 seta ch oats eed oh e202 »dal bend .oovl |. saner ages wea Se ta ? A us ee = 285 Leidy, J. 1856. A synopsis of entozoe and some of their ectocongeners observed by the author. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 8(1): 2-58 Leuckart, F. S, 1819. Zoologische Bruchstucke: Des Genus Bothriocephelus Rud. 4 « Helmstadt, 1819 :1-70, 2pls., 42 figs. Linnaeus, C0. 1758. ‘Systema naturae. id. A, Holmtae, 1758. 1767. Ideme HdeXII, Holmiae, 1767. Linstow, O.von 1878. Compendium der Helminthologie, etc. xxii 382pp. 8. Hannover. 1889. Helminthologisches. Arch. f. Naturge, 54J.,1(3) :235- 246, pl.l6, figs.1-26. 1901. Entozoa des zoologischen Museum der Kaiserlichen Akade- mie der Wissenschaften zu St.Petersburg. Pull. Acad. imp. d. sce de St.Petersb., SereVe. 15(3) 2271-292. 190la. Die systematische Stellung von Ligula intestinalis Goeze. Zool. Ante, 24 :627-634. 19038. Entozoa des zoologischen Seinen der Kaiserlichen Ake- demie der Vissenschaften zu St.Petersburg., 2. Anne lus. zool. Acad. imp/ d. sc. de St.Petershg., 8(3-4) :265-294,pls. 17-19, figs.1-36. ca iat s Aoyi ain not me x i | a “etonegaoact ve ateds to suoe haa insole i eqeutl k : :(£}8 es bal id oda «Sal +baoa: 007% caw yc ond xd bon bee ~¥ ee eG ce e yal : why auladggooixdied suned ant veatoildodound eivelgotoot | “et ; ees oe emer ss pie OWaks eat edbedentot “i ae a | — : »saetl , estat oll ak obi Seedi sented TON satalol Migrant mobt be | : : A ~¥ "Pos Bs Jo 8 .qqGB8 Lizz. -.sto ee betas: bao ee ass (8)£,.U02 acauidat 1 von sendstgpohatalat ami aliebeagtt tela g ‘soba natoilsoelad a meant sefovtgofoss’ ach sososal gat .baod [iol .gtudavedet.d2 gs sostadonanust x6 eb E | 802-10 (B)8L Vere? codarnde%sd2 os soa | eager! alygid ov ‘yitl fede edoaltamteys ont te obO6-TSby BS: etek ‘shoot -s4A aedoiftesitad zob eastoasit nodoeiyoloox eob aosodai fo 2d crak (9 ,.gandenedet 38 we asdiadoaseasi® ab ‘9 mo! ob1g,599-c58 at (d-8 8 giaxedet.d2 ob .on ob \gt book es Z ae ~ pa eae mae — “ a 7 : } ; r et ’ - , a 1 re _— Sw eee eS eo! Oo = 286 Linton, I. 1889. Notes on Entozoa of Hearine Fishes of New Ingland with Descriptions of Several New Speciese Anne Rep. Comm. Fish & Fisheries for 1886 :453-511. 1890. Idem. Part II. Ann. Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries for 1887 :719-899. 1891. On two Species of larval Dibothria from the Yellowstone National Park. Bull. 150, U. 5S. F. Comm, Wash.(1889), 9 : 65-79, plse23-27. 1897. Wotes on Larval Cestodes Parasites of Fishes. Proc. U. S» Nate Mus., (1123) 19 :787-824. 1898. Wotes on Cestode Parasites of Fishes. Proc. U. S. Nat. Muse, 20 3423-456, pls.27-34. 1901. Fish Parasites collected at Yoods Hole in 1898. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., “ash.(1899), 19 :267-304. 190la.. Parasites of Fishes of the Yoods Hole Region. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm, Wash.(1899), 19 3405-492. Loennberg, Ee 1889. Bidrag till Kannedomen om i Sverige forekommande Cesto- den. Bihang t. k. Svenska Vetensk.e-Akad., Hendl.,Stockholn, 14, Afd. $4(9) :1-69. 1890. Helminthologische Beobachtungen von der Vestkiste Nor- wegons. Ibid., 16(5) : 1-47. 1891. Anatomische “Studien ueber skandinavischen Cestoden. Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad., Handl., 24(6) :1-109, pls.3. je a ee a eerie. eins o% ? ; “es No ay \ : 3 i | aa oe, ex : f ie t: ee ig as ¥: aie ny : 3 : \ fs a it = - i, ; Ls ; y * yi _ iT aly 7 . re . : ; 3 fa . : ; . ¢ ieee # > gabe bualyaa weil to nodal’ eaitatt to ) noxodat co satel Re Gek@ .amed sqod stata seolnogt wot Lensvet to ) unohighaoasd. ree | | of 13-88) 5 e68L rot avigedelt 3 “gebrodaiT 3 dei? sad 52 3 ceed woed ATI $04 mebl, .0get | ie + 7 . 7 8 20oebi¥: Yael pe “ enodewol fof ad} sort sindiod it levast to seloeg® owl ao. 18h ie 8 (G2Giadas® psmaod .% 8 oD .08 plist ust | 58 WeCiealg eh “so0n% ters i to sedlsanag svhodend Leviad a0 astolf ~~~ »BSB-T8V2 OL (2511) , -sull of ot , .D soon' -aeifalt to abtiseret ebodead co aelch oM=Tisalq yO2d-8S2;.08 eilul: .@88f nt ofod ebool $a: botoolios cesjieaqel dealt » BOE-TOS: | eesr) feat : € waio Belt obo efoll eboo’ odd to oedalt te’ sotinanet oSRb-d0bs. OL . (028L) staat ) dat, ak “s0d202 ohagemasons? eyfrev® 2 no seacheandy 1s gesbtd “a etloddloojc, sfhaal pbatd=etep ase’ | | adoaove of of. ye ats ound ; | | . MBLs (eee. obMA ol -to8 ofelisdes! «ob gov neyaut dondoo’ edooiyolodtataten 60888 aTB Sale . a 4 4 aie oh > Say A - ry > ‘ F iy es ‘ vw : ~ © Yat bs Py £ d, ¥ ‘. > Pp Le , i waeh M me ae, iat : =. oe hs - Mal Sad Ay Be . ? smolsntgtes din nelsdgeoetsdtol @ th sedi se yauilelietated : bal PR» £ ar * ; “ gS EL~B8 - (£) 83 erfoasd se0iN .2 sdostiel! soya fattitod - te »LE-L aay :tt. T28iatg oe shodeed ty te, Pb Pa os * He oy ae 4 1 ‘ : — ; aa ot F ays ebolaed qedolinulaegde aa” pada autTOgaox0% 0 | east ait' UCE-PO°: ESE .itiera? eb sows sofe .28 banal 4 ; | Lae a .) on ; 7 i id ” row if > ° . | - whONG6) paonedsyanebliladgovointieg senken wohaiyed 88d ¢: sicb-Oifs IE “a saad qsv iadrst " f_ + ™ tae Fe ~ 3 ” - sl ; : . “Samos ayeeoloitne) aus febosaed ob tedi ‘wonnwd+amet ~ te widsined Mebostes?-aytqolostae? toh: olarcaden ae ies : te - es a * =~ = -s ? rt . SSA *? j rasis oy +3 | a? Vey sabe 7 oe * “ on OUR SIS Seebolse) Il» remedial sdontd tented se ——o Pad nme a a Pp F ae Bee teh ~nifged .ropevl ,abesldoetvol ents tise bas #8400 aghaugoa agrodgo@his? sedot rig A ; i ere siviis efftose10D sov nodlesxsd ele telawi Zod: atoll fe*anuald cag .solt » bell iva Logg ‘of dtd ,aoLadeododedsat anh elasagat 108 oped 100 | aylt ile ,.SSI-9ey (183 oat : W ant whduoteqiGA 195 auido? baw estdad | Ledgerteltign ee. pts B0b=f08: (RE)@S-yoahd Lok tats”) wissohaep ath : iv Pe ect sale » 7 i - _ > . é Molin, Re 1858. Prospectus helminthum, quae in prodromus faunse helmin- thologicae Venetiae continentur. Sitzungsbe d. Ke Akad. Ge Wisse, Wien, maths-naturw.Cl., 30(14) :127-158. 1861. Prodromus faunae helminthologicae vonetae adjectis dis- quisitionibus anatomicis et criticise Denkschr. d. Ke Akad. d. Wiss.,Wien, methe-naturw.Cl., 19(2) :189-338. Moniez, Re 1881. Mémoire sur les Cestodes. Trav. de 1’Inst. zoolog., Lalle, 3(2), pp»238, l2pls. Monticelli, F.S. 1892. Sul genere Bothriomonus Duv. e proposte per una Gaass- ificazione dei Cestodi. Monit. zoolog. ital.,Ann. III, 1682 ; 49-53. Muehling, P. 1898+ Die Nelminth-Fauna der Virbelthiere Ostpreussens. Arch. £. Naturge, 64 J., 1(1) :1-118, pls.l-4, figs.1-28. Mueller, 0. F. 1776. JZoologicae Danicae prodromus, seu enimalium Daniae et Norvegise indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma in- primis popularium. xxvii 26cpp. 12 . Havniae. 1260. Von Bendwirmern. Vaturforscher, Helle, 14 :129-203. 1788. Zoologica Danica seu onimelium Daniae et Norvegiae rariorum ac minus notorum descriptiones et historia. Vol.Z, 56pp., pls» XLI-LXXX. Havniae. ie Lae ae ae ete j ae ee oe yh Oem, rhe Nl he) I yes ae : i ees , se wee ant a ee haynes an be J > * ey pide : 5 yy) : +, ¢. se éF n ay ia ie rg oN A ed ch eee ‘ee . x * ve oe . ae en 2 , 4 a" P Fy re ~ « Se (og! ig A é ‘eA Bas eniatod 6SBUAt aso boa al esup candtntated eu oageon NBS +b 5aGN oT Xb Jagnyesl? .ninentiyow satdousl ondisoledd e88l-ThL: (S1)08 old. wreden-ittan erody , a 7 ; Aig, v* i - * SUG. + a np ° ae rity "a8 aa — rena emit: Bq edyo agony © svat aun mo ftited ‘ stentoy Int 7 ; : Wy ve fil wtih, «£994 sygoioos »Jinxol \ thodeed feb ssolaao, ti Pr ; “ n 3 oo ee . : 62-04 Lia e w ; “oe serpaenergied erehisLodetY «eh snus Uddninlo! oft sae “eBS-L,egit b _ “\ + seafavel”s SI SeqRSS 2tyex oy baling og a COS-8SI:-M olla! .tedoarotatideal~ ,oreauiivbast ov | 088 “esigevioll je ostued matisatae gee coined Seiyolook — ‘ee Ioy -Olaojais Jo senoligtvoweh muvotoh oumia on 2 i . -osinval .Xk%I=1 Ke Blq oq oe Oty ate ee Delete A ‘ a e ie , s. it y i “> FS 4. yy i "ve / a ea, - 7 Neveu-Lemaire, M. 1909, Sur la présence d'une larve de ligule (Ligule simpli- cissima} dans le cavitiéd cranienne d'une tanche (Tinca yul- goris ). C. R. Soo. Biol. Paris, 66 :88-89. Nicoll, W. 1907. A Contribution towards a Knowledge of the Entozoa of British Marine Fishes. Part I. Anne Mag. Nat. Hist., 7 s. (109), 19 :66-94, pls.1-4, figs.1-16. 1910. On the Entozoa of Fishes from the Firth of Clyde. Parasitol., 3 3322-359, pl.19. Niemiec, J. 1888. Untersuchungen Uber des Nervensystem der Cestoden. Arb. a ds Zodl.-zoot. Inst. d. Univ. Wien, 7 :1-60,2 taf. Nitzsch | | 1824. Bothriocephalus; Brachionuse A'‘lge Encyclo. d. Wiss. us» Hunste (Ersch & Gruber), Leipziz, 12 :94-99. Olsson, P. | 1867. Entozoa, iakttagna hos skandinaviska hafsfisker. I. Platyhelminthes. Lunds Univ. Arsskr.,Math. o Naturv.-Veten- sk (1866), 3(3) :59,pls.1-2, figs.1-5l. 1872. Om Sarcotaces och Acrobothrium, tv nya parasiteliglen fren fiskar. Oefv. Ke Vetensk.-Acad. Férhdl., 29 arg., 1873 :37-44, 1 Taf. 18%6. Bidrag till Kannedomen om Jemtlamd's Fauna. K. Svenske Vetensk.-Akad., ofvers, 33(3) :103-151l. Peer oon , “ Biante ologed). elogtl ob owed ony oy voupebuy aft, a, ait) aiden chi onu* D curminees. -bod}iveo wie: nak fentonte cote aovetsi ed) to eybelwond ‘o ebaswed noidadiataed 4 ve »& y g aE yi ak oat aA sf saat -eofeit o nies dentin , O6L-Lrantt a? com | ively (20-081 CL «> y@ByhG Yo Aakt odd mort eddel? te sotoind oid rat] } ( ~ ie : + xe - y . ge ee sae ‘OLifq ,086-SS8: 2 Lotte a = 2 ; om bie ‘ > : . > < ? ee — | re \ Sneb6diey a6 acdayeneviel ash tedif neyaudovetedaU rs) a * -~. ) evist «5 ,denl .d0ee~-, [608 sb ve vide Ay nal ob soloqond »yliA © ssusotdoand feel lgsouindter » 14a ft arias ; ; | ~ rr: -f ,sedabtelas adalvantinate aod angadidat .sosodad-\y ~nate¥-.ywiast o sada, cdeded ivi siand costetedgsat $: | » sfB-Lvaght (8-L-alqyede (b)é (O88E) sé ® 3 selysélesticeiag bea avd mutadsdodoros doo PIER m0 4 et 10375 GS golbiedt sbsdd~ deaedel vt ot ‘vtodart : sent 7 tel L ybboVe: ever sioneve fo saadcl se baslinel ao semobennad — gue — plas -gokeX(e yee cain (ball heiede f Pra as Th Bere eh Olsson, P. 1893. Bidrag till skendineviens helminthfeaune. 2. K. Svensk. Vetonsk.-Akad. ,Handl.,(1892),n.F., 25(2) :44pp., pls.l-5, figs 1-81. Pallas, P. S. 1781. Bemerkungen uber die Bandwirmer in Menschen und Thieren. Neue nord. Beytraége z. physik. und geogr. Erd.- und Volker- beschreibung, Naturgesch. ue Oeconomie, 1 :39-112, 2 Taf. Parona, C. 1899. Catalogo di elminti raccolti in vertebrati dell'isola d'Elba dal Dott. Giacomo Damieni. Boll. mus. di zool.,etc., Genova, 39, 2 s., 19(77) 3l6pp. 1902. Idem. Seconda nota. Atti Soc. Ligust. di Se. nat. @ geogr.,Genova, 13(1) :10-29. | Parona, Ce & Mazza, Fe 1900. Sulla castrazione temporanea della Aterine dovutea ad el». mintiasi. Atti Soc. Lige Sc. nat. geogr. Genova, 11 :231- 237. Perrier, Ee 1878. Classification des Cestoides. OC. R. Ace sce Paris, 86 :552-554. 1897. ‘Traitd de Zoologie. Pt. 2, Fase. 4 :1845-2136. Pilat, Ae 1906. Bothriocephalus punctatus bei Fischen. Abst. by Udin- sky. Zeit. f. Fleisch u. Milchyg., Berlin, 16(6) :191. Loo teneve 01 .% sanmstddninled enelventbsods: L£fit gotbia acear agit ,2-Lalg (.gqhh: OS)S8: .s Tony (BOUL) y sThnatys bsih--denete¥ pais | hh a onfB-L ae be notes? bas-aedosceli sf temivbnad oth redid segablaemed -s0t18¥ bass-.ha% vtgoog bau stiaydq. se egbadyed sbeon taf © (SHf-Co: L ,etmenoosd su sen udte ’ | slosi'iiebh tiardedsov i Lileooat Lintals Ih ogodasad — ,ote, loos ib .aun eifod . »fasineT omoosti »tfod Ish. ifa"s AB 2 gg TRIG yom hg gare ; fan 08 2b stenyhl s002 MIA atom shaoee® «aebl 980 sat-ors (Het Loele 300g tale bs etuvob eataedA alleb PEN silanes ated , -[8S: [If ,svoneD .tyooy .san +02 sgid sood L29A 6 . mone —! ened ; ,aitel .88 04 11.0 sanblotesD aeh: ndidsaltiveag0 | a tl. tert eae -OGIS-3d8LP BS deat 0It . styoloat oh biden “cl5U yd -tedh .aodosit ted ihethekd antialinesialaia. 2 ol@Ls (B)8L ,whived .syydol i ws Moab 3 ood ope ay pat am a ‘le ur «45 ct A et t : ay) o Law) Pintner, T. 1880. Untersuchungen uber den Pau des Pandwurmktrpers mit be- sonderen Berticksichtigung der Tetrabothrien un Tetrarhynchen. Arb. zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, 3, Heft 2 :163-242, Taf. 14-18. Polonio, A. F. 1860. Catalogo dei cefalocotilei italiani e alcune osservaz- ioni sul loro sviluppo. Atti Soc. itel. di sc. nat., Mileno, (1859-60), 2 :217-229, pl.7, figs.l-ll. Queyron, Ph. 1905. La Ligulose chez les poissons d'eau douce dans le dé- pertement de la Gironde. Proc. Verb. Soc. Linn. Bordeaug, 60 : CY-CVIII. Ratke, J. 1799. TIagttagelser henhgrende til Indvoldeormenes og Blgddy- renes Naturhistorie. Skr. af Haturh.-Selske, Kigbenhv., 5 (1) :61-148, pls.2-3, figs.1-17. Rééhn, G. 1882. Futterungsversuche mit Lizgule simplicissima. Zeit. f. Naturw., 55(3) :274-276, 328-330. Riggenbach, E. 1896. Bemerkungen uber das Genus Bothriotaenia Railliet. Centrbl. Bakt. us Parasit., 20(6-7) :222-231. 1898. Cyathocephalus catenatus. Zool. Anz., 21 :639. Roboz, Zevon ee § eS YP Sy ae eee Ses ; aes S00 ake Se 7 . 7 a = 7 “iy hm le air el 3 : ee = _ i. i 2 fat Selle) ~od: dim aroquddriuebeat aeb usaf mob wedi cnyicteagetit tear rodonyinands? ny meludtodeste? «oh gauytidotesolbeet merebae o8i-bf .teT ,S22-Bdly 8 : Pet ae oll ip stent eg 4 5 oT A gt -saviezeo enuble » insilett tolidoce.etes ieb dyolate) ‘al onal sdem soe tb fed 008 aude -ogqotive orol Lis rok | fhaLsagit (Role esate 3, (00-4868 a db pe ‘aint 2ouo0b mae'b anobatog Bel sori svolwght el oe , zusebro8 shad s002! «dae¥ 0087 sobaoadd al ob de ws : j Gas ‘ Sa ~ybbyld go Canaanite [tt: ight ceababndtgetia sMEnLoagtt eal cory a , eSiod reutaatoi fouls shies tia odenereragmrsoniat a r : 088-988 DTSANNSs (8)8B coruitall » > Dien cs Rik etollfiad ginessolatjod euded aah ned Aogeuinomed eLES-SG8s (9-B)08 denned io dda Ged: [8 gram fool solace auladncongin? Roboz, Ze von 1882. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Cestoden. Solenophorus megglocephaluse Zeit. f. Wiss. Zool., 37 :263-285, 2 Taf. Rudolphi, C. A. 1793. Observationes circa vermes intestinales. Diss. in fasc. I praes. Jo» Quistorp. Gryphswald, 1793. Fasc. II, praes. C. Z. Weigel, Gryphsw., 1795. 1801. Beobachtungen uber die Eingeweidewurmer. rch. f. Zool. und Zoot., 2(1) :1-65. 1802. Fortsetzung der Beobachtungen uber die Eingeweidewurn- er. Arch. f. Zool. und Zoot., 2(2) :1-67. 1808. Entozoorum sive verniumintestinalium historia netural- ise 1, xxvi 527 xxvi, 6pls. 8. Amstelaedami. 1809. Idem. 2(1), 457pp., pls.7-12. 8» Ams. 1810. Idem. 2(2), xii 386pp. 8 . Ams. 1819. Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locupletissimi. x 8llpp-, 3pls. 8. FBerolini. Schauinsland, H. 1885. Die embryonale Entwickelung der Pothriocephalen. Jen. Zeitschr. f. Naturw., xix, N.F.,12 :520-578. Schneider, G. 1902. Vorkommen von Larven des Bandwurms Bothriteenia pro- boscidea Batschlim Magen und Darm von Ostsechebingen (Clupea harengus membras Le). Sitz. Ber. Ges. nat. Freunde, Ber- lin, 1902 :28-30. eil capt. >: sfdotd — . In - lo. of e860 stoletigeooiadiod ab jn lodotwiad olsnoyidee oid Ee (dof erunesoed & seb nevrad a0y ;eamodao 2. stelogtisedat sestey Sorte. eonoiteviedtO CeVl ,bLawe dqytt -qiotsind of — % rr ssomiuveblewegalt efh sedh nognuddoadoed ys : ; malice . me ~ nlaswtsa staoletd avtlent tisedniiautesey ovle muroozod al sidshealetemA . 6 rier: cfvax VS ivax ies ~OMA » @ - SI-T,8lq « aTGb meoly »m@bT Jo xelquS seslianam saubooos ive ekeqoaye muio0xod 2% % sane szeboteed ach “ia ate 3 VE ertoos elt st thet . re a “nev! vo wadqysd ,fegte® ou ov +808 qa »Gd~Ls (£)8 «dood bau oe f ofb sody meyaudiosdoed seb grusdeadto4 »TO=f% {$)& ,»Joos bers »fook ot efosa ore 2 6mA * g + qGqose itx 4{$)s eb! »alcé ysqqile x or : ea 818-088: Sy Tell xix roomnd at * ¥ valved tel a 1 , ‘ai i : j . 2 o Oy 5 ; . 7 ' ee ‘~ , Png ie S ws a Bei »a6D » tol adie Schneider, G. 1902¢. Ichthyologische Beitrage III. 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Parasit., Abt.l, 60 :93-132, 26 figs. ~doelt.aeb-ni oth vedev IT agau ted odastyotortd -costemtbqobn nobeomeotroy sgvurtreull waco ee o88-I: (8)82 ,selamel otolt de snusT «gq 5008 teh a: esasostnn ly sob nedoelt eae ‘wed Lestsgobad tows tedeu e0eE -uet st6lf do save} .¢ 08 t te sibel ww »f4ee” | semoasda < “a | OTST (sooryes, sdontaxtl feb saveterdintalel eb alethnad mat eythien | rid + (8)8% .eelewet sxeft fo oonet +f +002 afos adontidine, | ae | ; | seg? OF Sl a Mag: “ale ¥ a4 “4 -ogatd iieiteshs ‘dottyktute sofeid veh netadotesaey - e ~stbeowrevel ordi tedii yrolbneddA teale taden ,cequiiv r Pe 7 nedonul , Sf .olded ( sqqll qilege” oned L F | M968 woxt..qod “Lent faadsd det go solot eaoe , TT © F gael BS Il.dg tnalsoet “ot baisdd esodelt to qod sok 3 -dast »oonT = s gui sdgepotatied ‘te selbege wt 00" eigl eee (ees tae * F ad a , . at mn o” » Sis »ldasced reyoud deadood edontgolodtatateh © dt & a gh? OT \MES-BOt 00 GOGH qyibtenral ey - es forty a ee 2» TE a oie 295 Spengel, J. W. 1905. Die Monozootie der Cestoden. Zeit. f. Wiss. Zool., 82, Festschr. Ehlers, 1 :252-287. Steenstrup, J. Js S- 1859. Beobachtungen und Bemerkungen uber den Landwurm des Stichlings, Fasciola intestinalis Le, Schistocephealus soli- dus 0.F.Mueller, ubers. v. Creplin. Zeit. f. d. ges. Nat- urwiss., 14 :475-485. Stiles, C. W. and Hassall, A. 1894. A Preliminary Catalogue of the Prasites, contained in the Collections of the U. S. Bur. Anim. Ind., U. S. Army Med. Mus., Biol. Dept. Univ. Penn. (Coll. Leidy) and in Coll. Stiles and Coll. Hassall. Veterinary Magazine, April and May, 1894 :245-354. 1902. lLevinseniella, etc.,etc.; 11 papers on Animal Parea- sites. Bull. 35, Bur. Anim. Ind., U. S. Dept. Agric.,ash. 1912. Index Catalogue of Medical and Veterinary Zoology, Subjects ¢ Cestodes and Cestodaria. Hyg. Lab. Bull. No.85, Pube Health and Mar. Hosp. Serv., Treasury Dept., U. 5. A. Stossich, lM. 1890. Elminti veneti raccolti dal Dr. Alessandro Conte di Ninni.s Boll. Soc. adriat. di Sc. nat. in Trieste, 12 :49- 56. 1891. Ulminti veneti raccolti dal Dr. Alessandro Conte di Ninni, e descritti da Michaele Stossich. Boll. d. Soc. Ady. de Scienze, nat. in Trieste, 13 :1-8, pl.l. . 4 j Rae ; aoe: Ua ~qofool cnt? 4%: tied 50 ie aa stint: 4 i | os AOS BBSE ere stdendeot a of ‘hd Pah “srdaces 20h migwbaa'l rob wedi soxcinirened brs Pe 2288) a ~ilos oulodgpvodadito®. . 0 gilentdeedal slotoest|, agabidotsa a tall s265 55. 51 -ieS =«snilqgor) sv sated rollout 70 ub s28R-BTD: bf oni : | | } ot fisecall bua .8 og gt bontedmon ,n0dieo45 edd to eugolesad guanimtfenT A “wrrk +8. 0 g*bal saind sat ,8 0 edd Yo eaoiteel ind. extJ ak hoe (yblel 3 \£109) 70% svig .diqod Loft , vert tou Ling ron knays Mo qusninedeY — .Llscaal «ffo9 bas aolid? »Lfa0 4 ~NOE-2882 BBL, yal haw If y,ote,eote ,sifelasentved pe edoat oltgé stged 3. 0 yobal Mink suit .86 sind ‘eon - eegolooS yracizesoV bur -Leokbek -3o engoladad xehal ,O3.0% »fivG ,del »yyl .aisabodee? bun anbodesdi € ad oot sua * A .2 00 ydgod yinesot? ,.vae2 sqeol .tal bas di Leek dart © ‘ak Mote th efrod orbasseolA «22 Lab ttLooany fieonsy Linkaka ~ s0RBE -Ob: Sf ,odsoiaT ci tan .02 £5 statvhe 002 {fot inci ' oe a BY bh ofcoD ocbneseelA «eG fab tdlosoat iieney tated » L@e Na 002 »f sliog ,dolteeot®? eleadotl ab tat ob e aoe Pert of tg Bets el sedeolsT af stan ada a id = a ay) co QO) Stossich, lM. 1898. Saggio di una Fauna Elmintologica di Trieste e Provin- cie Contermini. Prog. ds civ. scuola v. sup., Trieste, 162 pps 1899. Appunti di elmintologia. Bol]. Soc. edriat. di sc. nat. in Trieste, 19 :1-6, pl.l, figs.1-18. 1901. Osservazioni Elmintologichee Boll. Soc. adriet. di sce nat. in Trieste, 20 :89-103. Sumner, F.B., Osborn,k.C. and L.J.Cole. 1913. A Catalogue of the Marine Fauna, in A Biological Sur- vey of the Waters of Woods Hole and Vicinity. Bull. U. S. Bure Fisheries, 31, Pt»II, Sect.III :549-794. Thompson, VW. 1844. Additions to the fauna of Irelend. Anne Mag. Nat. Hist., London, 13 ;430-440. | Volz, We 1900. Beitrag zur Kenntnis einiger Vogelcestoden. Arch. f. Naturg., 66J., 1(2) :115-174. Wagener, G. R. 1854. Die Entwickelung der Cestoden. Nova Acta Acad. nat. curios, 24, suppl. :21-91, pls.1-l2. 1857. Beitrage zur Entwickelungs-Geschichte der Eingeweide- wurmer, etc. Naturk. Verh. v. d. Holland, Maatsch d. Wet. te Haarlem, 2 Verz.e Deel 13, ll2pp., pls.1-36A. -nivord @- edacial. 2h wolzalotnialy ange dw: 1b okgg a fi ee SOL ,etesiaT ,.qua sv slouge svie ab sgont atest ao a «0a £6 si@isde yo008 fied -algolosatate ib pt 2004. 8l-Lveg!t »lsig dels el setaéat:¢ at aa. . #5 dababa, 002 sifod . rsdotgolotaimla iaeiseyreesd * m4 RRR 201-06; OF yedeeteT. al staisae: -0f09, bed bas. Dull taode0. oth -i58 Jaodgoloit : ink sane? eniseM edd to ougoladso A. » Mi | 52.0 sf. . wytlatol¥ baa efol ebooW Yo axedat oft. tonal : / ebOP-C8) TT. dood {TIES (18: ,s6hnedel tell stall gel .ood — vesfeat Yo aauio} Sd, of enohtisbh ab ee > pObb-O8be CL yaobned «sd ot sioeA Fsiihctene Liege 193 tute slasnaek ae yowied < ; eBVE~BLLs (81D ga bOBegay wba a + ae {36 »5aok stoA-avol »cobodeed sob gerfotolwind olf 4 P28 SE-Lrakg Lele tggue OS sokaug Lahtevensis 0b of doldosed-agaulodotwind 1S ulate 2) -de8 »b doadocl .boaliol »b sv sdue¥ sdansall note a? MDE-Leelg .oqYSll ,8l- Soa 0 sco Re Sate eo ry ¥ ; a, 7) bone ; ‘ y Ses ar 4 in Ward, H. B. 1910. Internal Parasites of the Sebago Salmon. Bull. Bur. Fisheréés, 28, 1908 :1153-1194, lpl., l0figs. Weinland, D. F. 1858. An Essay on the Tapeworms of Man, etc. x 93, 12 figs. 8 . Camb.(Mass.) 1859. (Re Schistocephalus in Rhynchichthys gronovii ). 13 Jahresber. d. Ohio-Staats-Landbaubehorde, 1859 :566. (Afbér Leuckart. ) Willemoes-Suhm, R. 1869. Helminthologisches Notizen I.l. Zur Entwickelung von Schistocephakus dimorphus Creplin. Zeit. f. Wiss. Zool., 19 :470-472. 1870. Ibid IIe Idem 20 :94-98, Taf. xX. Wolf, Eugen | 1906. FBeitrige zur Entwickelungsgeschichte von Cyathocepha- lus truncatus Pallas. Zool. Anze, 30(1-2) :37-45, figs. 1-5. Wolffhugel, K. 1900. Beitrag: zur Kenntnis der Vogelhelminthen. Diss. (Basel), 204pp., 7pls., ll4figs. 4 . Freiburg in Br. Zeder, J» G. He 1860 _ brster Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewurmer, mit zufassen und Anmerkungen herausgegeben. xx 320pp., 6pls., 4 Leipzig. gelooS-.aed¥ V2 fol - satigqes) siriqromtb aufedgoootetdas ay ? ee) A Ti a 2 rN a to 2 saqit SI Sex aie jaa smrovegs? ould ao iigue ia Be ae parasanesiih 4 <= s( Byorois aye dotdeaysi ak apladgsoosatdo® ef) | +8085 WEBI ,obsBdodusdbmad~asandQ~ol40 5 pear : | ‘ts Sasdoued* ere m “gov snitodole Sad wi’ .f.1 maxtiol « odoatgoLoudniatel (86 S7b-Otbr GE .X . 2a? 6-80: OS webE II Ber AO -sigeoodsavD ov efduidosegeyauledaiwin’ aut extadted eeglt ,iTEr (8-0)0b . seed rfood scallnd ap soni | S47 aor : 8. 4 ‘ek leg ia: —- vehl” ,aeddnlaledfego¥ teh aluseded ows oyAnd ted oe mo ts | nt yisdiotT . b — tart by mies «(fee > | ; “3h, .0 wy ‘He T0aiwoh towngntd web od Ho Ldouegeatitat "U8 geaddont ot ,-afqd ,.qq08S xk srecegegeunted nogemteenns inw aveeatoe oo % Leder, Je G. H. 1808. Anleitung zur Naturgeschichte der Fingeweidewurmer. xvi 432pp., 4pls., 8. Pemberg. Zernecke, E- 1895. Untersuchungen uber den feineren Pau der Cestoden. Zool. Jeahrb., Anat., 9(1), 25 :92-161, pls.8-15. Zschokke, F. 1884. Fecherches sur l’organisation et la distribution zoo- logique des vers perasites des poissons d'eau douce. Arch. de Biologie, 5 :154-243. 1896. Zur Faunistik der perasitischen Virmer von Susswasser- fischen. Centrbl. Bakt. u. Paresit., 19(21) :772-784; (21): 815-825. 19038. Die Arktischen Cestoden. Fauna Ark. III :1-31, 2pls. 19032. Merine Schmerotzer in Slisswesserfischen. Verhendl. d. naturf. Gesellsch. in Basel, 16 :118-157, 2pls., 23figs. Bee" Be Wes a ee ae 7 . Aes 4 = ‘“ i. ; aes sie as a aah itp sohbet a aa »aobotésd coh gol séventet nek secede nogatloninedad -2L-Besy peated as oe «da sileabecnas net 4 Peis empempigbee Sah ie ae Ng “O98. aottadiatels af te wittectioanels mA sedorodoet i dow eos nae "s arden bog seb sol kesueq av if »Ob8-28f; 3 Lekes se sdearennelll: HOV. soaT angonts tesnng. 9h Aisatao® ak (1a) qnor-amt: ee eof teers’ oat dad aiid sae 43 F a v. ; vptlgS (0-1: 11] «dA omisT | sashotaé) nddoeiddaa eid ~ bh sibneduel ,nodoalitessavesii® at roasonamiy? oultall | | sgh? y.nfqS .VGI-211) BL, tered nt” .doalloned studi E- i. ty Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fige l. oe 3. 4. 6» 7. 8. 9. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Ligula intestinalis, scolex of larva. " * » anterior end of adult. - . » median portion of a transection thru the genital cloaca. Ligula intestinalis, union of vagina, oviduct and vitel- line duct. Ligula intestinalis, toto of larva from Micropterus dolo- mieue Schistocephalus sélidus, anterior end of larva. ", median portion of transection thru the ovary. Schistocephalus solidus, median portion of transection thru the seminal vesicle and cirrus-sec. 7 a) _ “as 2a al 3} * AG Bee een ae Hy. ge aT ae jae ek , he re oe age ae eae : : oe ria Th Ss ol : w eee ' - ( Sa ie welt aes ei 2 a i nk Sage a ; Maat + Fs savaal Yo eda | soto Ses a _ stlaha Yo hue softedas , ae , | = ns, a ; ‘ aotioeamand 2 Yo ankewog netbew « | pir! | »soaalo Latino VF ant ~fodlv baa Epabiva -Salgsy io nolew .piisnbsaosa? aloghl am sal sata aor! avial to otod sidan, bie ” -fevaal Ye Ane acicodus. ait ia _aotdoonnant Yo wodtnog aathen “Oar? ae a = | : sient ath i =. sotfocanand to aokiaog astbon sehen alata aeceurelp Sse ahaha, Lontave tic EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Fige 5. Ligula intestinclis, larve from liver of Gasterosteus bi- spinosus. Figel0. Haplobothrium globuliforme, outline of smallest larva at hand. Figell. Haplobothrium globuliforme, scolex, toto. Fig.l2. ” “ » primary strobile, toto. Fig.13. : id » secondary scolex, surficial view. Figel4. Haplobothrium glabuliforme, same, lateral view. Fig.15. : . , transection thru scolex. Fig.16. - , » the ganglionic mass. Fig.17. : r » transection thru proboscis bulb. Figel8. Cyathocephalus americanus, scolex, toto. — of rT r oh i a 1.) ri ; ra : _ ck Zz, a + ~. . 7? ‘ *s -. N a 1 ; ze ce ie . J Ts : / : ‘ ¥ - e ej . > 2 sont seat ak i rae re ts ovaal: Gest toca te anllino esto REetol suledtodlaat iM susdeonstend 1 rovil « sodod .xelone ew Li Ludoly r ) ce cr hinge tee soled ,cildowda yramdaq , wh _ Letodiame jxolooe yrshmoove , * car ely fatesal 1 enibe ae : inl ‘ae 0 ge wh as ortelave pritd woltosenaad , | sanen = odd , . sotod erolnee sagrsolnons a oD ee YJ from Eupomotis gibbosus, scolex, surficial seme, lateral view. from Anguilla rostrata, scolex, surficial from Eup. gibbosus, trensection thru ovary. same, toto of mature proglottides. same, median sagittal section. Tea. & * _ ot ie bet Ls | ite ae Te ‘é ha ‘ ef s. Pe : _ . € ~e = 1 ee Pa t aby Ty ere fa ih ~ ye nn ¢ es WEAiy REN ae See, th Be, rig o> he = = *oqeae poiteve kati tyes na tbom gis * > Cie, : “selaanyee owd io “cha diana saadeantdls ous yalwode, aotdoer to molizog , * , os stoubtvo dtiw sata Ye wok - tototten ito caused dia ‘iteooant ont | ARE fe eee 4 vwely Istodal yomsa asabals ta a Aalottoue stooe ais sataor si Ltoad: ae Fa ee , solv strave wit iddiecunent (soneddta “girl sini ceavadvale a : sboblidolgorg ound on to ofod sass sy Woy Be F nv vi ee »aolsooe Ladd kaon natben oan ‘ a 8 rn ow Fig. Fig. Fig. Pig. Pig. Fig. Fig. Fig. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. 56. B. cuspidetus, scolex, surficial view. 57. " . » same, lateral view. 68, ” . » transection thru an anterior segment. 59. " : , transection thru ovary of mature proglottis. 60. " . , toto of ripe proglottides, posterior in deeper optical section. 61. Be cuspidatus, median sagittal section , composite. ee. * " » young egg, showing en early stage in de- velopment. 63, Be cuspidatus, oleder egg, many celled stage. = ae Le - jm Ly ia Uees wey ‘ ~ ie “tae é bi 4 nl dt ie! . 7 -_ oe i: > 2 ey ee rt hams - habe ca rhabel — : 3 - jdupgyea soltedaa sa wndd-sotdeoaaand , 7 Se sali solyonq-onuden to vive gids soitovansad * F ; " Py vat —_— eblitosgorq ogis Yo fos iy ce ae a 2. apie ‘li. » Boisoow Latdhyen nothea x 3 B. manubriformis, scolex, surficial view. seme, lateral view. nnterior primary segment. transection thru anterior region. toto of mature proglottides. cirrus-sec and vaginal bulb ih tren- transection thru uterus opening. B. occidentalis, scolex, aféér Linton. " w , cirrus-sac in 2 transection. Clestobothrium crassiceps, scolex, surficial view. ” n . » seme,latereal view. , same, terminal view. , toto of scolex and anterior end woe basta one : ot Isomges ylamieg tolsetaa . 5 saatyet ‘goltedes wisi sotipeanetd ett : 3 | preblstolgorg ord sm to otot>; oe ? ah ane a dlad te Sa oae-eimaie® geo. | Mes i “agrede widd moisooedsad sislenaaiibine as Sh ES =~ ,aotahl 1déte ,relose pppnmpenastt< | fe nr, cae ae mo { nes ~ | E Pex isbctneik-a' ol oserewetie!, 4 ot ai : . ea ans eet add fototiswe xelooa e2qgoianese sidohed + \ . — favedalediee , oe ade lantories ,emne ; c ‘bas sotsedes hes xolooa to adad , , Fige Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Pig. Fig. Fig. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. 77. C. crassiceps, toto of young strobile. 7% ° r » primary segment with reproductive rudi- nents, toto. 79. Ce crassiceps, segments showing spurious erticulations. 80. " . » transection thru ovary. a, _” . , toto of mature proglottis. 62. * r , median sagittal section, composite. a3. ° 4 , four consecutive sections thru union of vagina and oviduct, showing the recepteaculum seminis. 84. Abothrium rugosum, scolex of young strobile. 85. y " , later stage in degeneration of same. 86. 7 " , still later stage. < oe EB * acl of . a i Ae | . . ae cae = nt Sh Bae a - nde te s % - salddords, py te ai rsc\4 ap, | eidostorge ddiw tuongee uals irk " we. ‘ecoddalnghe eaten sheds silane cagoolenone ry Rie | *Uieve ost noldoeanand ‘ i. | “Os ag get. calddelgome ‘mien teed , ¢*., Wtpovs00 toliscas Lest hyan nreatbem r * an : to nodau erdt exolsjooa eviduooanco awol . a es “salad auluostgese odd yatvode tonblvo baa. : area \alidouts gauoy to gelooe auseae sisal +omRe ae 26 wei! sxoca;eh nt ogade edel,. " ost saat nedal {lds ‘ eae > Fige Fig. Fig. Fige Pige Fig. Fig. Fig. Pig. Fig. Fig. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. 87. Abothrium rugosum, pseudoscolex from lumen of pyloric -coecum of host. 88. Abothrium rugosum, pseudoscolex imbedded in wall of coe- Cul. 89. Abothrium rugosum, transection thru ovarp. 90. P ", terminal excretory vesicle. 91. " , frontel section of mature proglottis. 92. . *" , union of vagine and common vitelline duct with oviduct. 93. Abothrium crassum, scolex of specimen from Salmo salar, surficial view. 94. Abothrium crassum, same,lateral view. 95. x ", scolex from Cristivomer namaycush. 96. . " , scolex from Lota maculosa. 97. . " $3 seme, lateral view. Pr, ee oe ee Ot ar an? “f “4 - Vi ae, Th 1 vert ee = Pp : > = ~ ur . ) % 4 , : a é = >» r aera , » - ad Ty = . * i A Li Or wr ‘ae augt y »* * ¥ * “60s to Cfaw st beh hedal xelosao ‘i a le aaae , fees >fooebhusey be os codkoue ke YWleroviall dye! lod dieseptnd won: “Oe ge sBystfod Wdatovind cWgoloos, ak rade rsahewed: 5 we eh $n3% Liptgotola oda oad 38 arocane so : kiddin w ufo, veh aaty. 5 dol wactnS volt ‘Swabia -olnote? to vikesovtall ytarloos st todaadenomed- sails . etiooil{] lo yileteytal 6d} mi ygoldod ak wolle% vi ALG. é oa 000 .La J . 2 aul ee eee ae ‘ A f * ear eu eS mi’ ‘ Ve ots ' i ae J Ly » oa ay er Poe | coke - “ ohaieiat to it teneyiul ‘inateal al noel. te . Seiee do erin SsodgototG omer: | odd Jo atrenise cay eee } 1916.ecceceses Summer at Marine Biological Leboratory at Woods Hole, Mass. and Harpswell Laboratory, South Harpswell, Me. 1916.eeeeee+ Elected to the Illinois Chapter of the Society of Sig- ma Xi and to the American Microscopicel Society. 1916-1917... Honorary Fellow in Zoology, University of Illinois. Publications: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) On the Systematic Position of Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper. Trans. Roy. Soc. Cane, Series III, VIII, Sect.1: 1-5. 1914. A New Cestode from Amia calva Le Trans. Roy. Can. Inst? 10(2) :81-119. 3 pls. 1914. Contributions to the Life-History of Proteocephalus ambloplitis. A Parasite of the Black Bass. Contrb. to Cane Biol., 47th Rep. Dept. Fisheries, Ottawa, Canade, Fasee II 3177-194. 3 pls. 1915. Trematodes from Marine and Fresh-l’ater Fishes, includ- ing one Species of Ectoparasitic Turbellarian. Trans. Roy» Gea» Cane, Series III, IX :181-205, 3 pls. 1915. Notes on Porocephalus globicephalus, In conjunction with Thesle T. Job» « Journ. 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