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LUME 34 PART 2

RTH AMERICAN FLORA

(CARDUALES)

CARDUACEAE
HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE

PER AXEL RYDBERG

LASTHENIA, MONOLOPIA

HARVEY Monrok HALL

PUBLISHED BY

THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

Part 2, 1915] * CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 81

2. Lasthenia glabrata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1780. 1835.

Lasthenia californica DC.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: under pl. 1780. 1835.

Hologymne glabrata Bartl. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. 1837: 4. 1837.

Hologymne californica Bartl.; Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. he PL MsLSAly
Monolopia glabrata Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 9: 80. 18

Monolopia californica Fisch. Mey. & Avé-Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. pce iS: 80. 1843.
Xantho glabrata Remy, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 12: 192. 1849.

Lasthenia glabrata Coulteri A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 12: 324. 1884.

Lasthenia Coulteri Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 192. 1885.

Lasthenia glabrata californica Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif. 519. 1901.

Stems simple, or corymbosely branched above, erect, 1-6 dm. high, perfectly glab-
rous, or finely puberulent in the inflorescence; leaves linear or the upper lanceolate, entire or
irregularly toothed, usually 3-10 cm. long, mostly connate and sheathing at base, the upper
pairs frequently much dilated near the stem and forming an open cup; peduncles 1-10 cm. long,
moderately enlarged beneath the erect heads; bracts of the involucre well united into a broadly
hemispheric cup 5—8 mm. high, with acuminate ciliate teeth; ligules conspicuously exserted,
5-10 mm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, about equaling the achenes, the tube glandular;
achenes slightly compressed, obtusely angled, narrowly oblong-obovate, apparently smooth
but usually minutely papillate, sometimes well covered with yellow rough gland-like points
(var. Coultert); pappus none.

Type LocaLity: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Moist soil and borders of marshes, western California and Lower California.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1780, 1823; Bot. Mag. pl. 3730.

51. AMBLYOPAPPUS H. & A. Jour. Bot. Hook. 3: 321. Mr 1841.

Aromia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 395. 1841.
Infantea Remy, in C. Gay, Fl. Chil. 4: 257. 1849.

Low annuals with broom-like branched stems. Leaves alternate, the lower pinnately
divided into 3-5 linear leaves, the upper entire. Heads small, apparently discoid. Involucre
globose; bracts 4-6, broad, in two equal series, concave and more or less enclosing the marginal
achenes. Receptacle small, conic. Marginal flowers pistillate; corollas tubular, shorter than
the styles, with 2 or 3 short teeth. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and fertile; tube of the corolla
short; throat campanulate; limb 5-lobed. Achenes obpyramidal, hirsute and glandular-
puberulent, rather bluntly angled; pappus of 8-12 oblong, obtuse squamellae.

Type species, Amblyopappus pusillus H. & A.

1. Amblyopappus pusillus H. & A. Jour. Bot. Hook. 3: 321. 184%.

Aromia tenutfolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 396. 1841.
Infantea chilensis Remy, in Gay, Fl. Chil. 4: 259. 1849.

An annual, glandular-granuliferous and sweet-scented; stem 1-3 dm. high; leaves 1-3 cm.
long, they or their lobes less than 1 mm. broad; heads nearly globose, 4-5 mm. broad; flowers
5-25; corollas yellow, about 1 mm. long; achenes 2 mm. long, 0.5 man. broad, black, angled,
narrowed downwards; squame'lae about one-third mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Coquimbo.
DISTRIBUTION: Coast of southern California and Lower California; also Chile.
ILLUSTRATION: C. Gay, FI. Chil. pl. 48, f. 1.

Subtribe 11. ERIOPHYLLANAE. Floccose-pubescent plants. Heads
radiate or discoid. Involucre from hemispheric to campanulate; bracts
distinct, strongly concave or boat-shaped, and partly closing around the mar-
ginal achenes, or more or less united into a cup. Ray-flowers pistillate
and fertile; ligules mostly yellow. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and usually
fertile; corollas yellow; throat campanulate or funnelform. Achenes more or
less elongate-obpyramidal, 4—5-angled.

Ray-corollas with a lobe on the inner side of the throat, opposite the ligule. 52. MONOLopra.
Ray-corollas without a lobe on the inside.
Squamellae of the pappus not dissected into long bristles; style-tips
truncate or obtuse.

82 .NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

Anthers with obtuse or acute tips; tube of the disk-corollas shorter
than the throat.
Erect or ascending plants with peduncled heads; pappus-squamel-
lae, if present, not lacerate-fimbriate.
Achenes somewhat flattened; corolla-tube glabrous, but a
ring of hairs present at its junction with the throat; pappus

wanting; outer bracts reduced. 53, PSEUDOBABIA.
Achenes 4- or 5-angled, not flattened; corolla-tube pubescent;
pappus usually present; bracts all well-developed. 54, ERIOPHYLLUM.
Low diffusely branched annuals with sessile heads; pappus-
squamellae lacerate-fimbriate. 55. ACTINOLEPIS.
Anthers with subulate tips; tube of the disk-corollas equaling the
throat. 56. ANTHEROPEAS.

Squamellae of the pappus, if present, dissected at least half their length
into numerous bristles; style-tips elongate, lanceolate or linear.
Heads radiate; achenes elongate-obpyramidal. 57. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS.
Heads discoid; achenes short, broadly obpyramidal. 58. TRICHOPTILIUM.

52. MONOLOPIA* DC. Prodr. 6: 74. 1837.

Annuals, with white-tomentose herbage. Leaves sessile, entire or serrate, all but the
lowermost alternate. Heads rather large, pedunculate, terminating the stem and few branches,
Involucre hemispheric; bracts either distinct to the base or connate into a cup with broad
triangular teeth. Receptacle high-conic at maturity, muriculate, glabrous. Ray-corollas
with ample 3- or 4-toothed or -lobed yellow ligule and bearing at the orifice of the throat on
the opposite side a roundish denticulate appendage. Disk-corollas with cylindric glandular
tube and dilated throat, the limb somewhat hairy. Style-branches of the disk-flowers with
roundish dilated apex or shortly and obtusely appendaged. Tips of the anthers ovate.
Achenes all fertile, tapering to the base, quadrangular-compressed, or the outer ones obcom-
pressed and somewhat triangular in cross-section, with a small terminal areola. Pappus
none.

Type species, Monolopia major DC.

Involucre 6-15 mm. high; achenes 2.5—4 mm. long. ‘1. M. major.
Involucre 5—7 mm. high; achenes 2 mm. long. 2. M. gracilens.

1. Monolopia major DC. Prodr. 6: 74. 1837.

Monolopia lanceolata Nutt. Proc. Acad. Phila. 4: 21. 1848.
Monolopia major lanceolata A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 384. 1876.

Stem erect from a tap-root, usually simple below, corymbosely branched above, 1-5 dm.
high; leaves lanceolate, rather obtuse, 3-10 cm. long, amplexicaul, entire or sinuately dentate;
peduncles few, 1-10 cm. long, slightly enlarged at the summit; involucre 6-15 mm. high;
bracts united into a cup bordered with triangular acute teeth or (in var. lanceolata) distinct
nearly to the base; ray-flowers about 8; ligules yellow, 10-20 mm. long, obovate-oblong,
3- or 4-toothed, the appendage oval; disk-corollas 3.5-5 mm. long, the tube much exceeded
by the throat and limb; achenes black, 2.5-4 mm. long, minutely strigose or scabrous, usually
glabrate.

TypE Locality: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Middle and southern California.
ELUUSTRATIONS¢ Hook. Ic. pl. 344; Bot. Mag. pl. 3839; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 45: f. 62, N-O; f.

,

2. Monolopia gracilens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 20. 1883.

Characters as given for M. major (of which this is perhaps a geographic race), except
that the whole plant is more slender and the heads and floral organs smaller; involucre 5-7
mm. high; bracts distinct to the base; ligules 5-8 mm. long; disk-corollas 2-2.5 mm. long;
achenes about 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Coast Ranges of California, near New Almaden and Santa Cruz.

_ DisTRIBUTION: Santa Cruz Mountains, California, and southward near the coast to San Luis
Obispo County.

* By HARVEY Monrog HALL.

Part 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 83

53. PSEUDOBAHIA (A. Gray) Rydberg, gen. nov.
Monolo pia § Pseudo-Bahia A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 383. 1876.

Sparingly floccose annuals. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatifid. Heads radiate.
Involucre campanulate; bracts in one or two series, united at the base, somewhat concave,
those of the outer series represented by fleshy lobes or callosities at the sinuses of the involucre,
or wanting. Receptacle conic, acute. Ray-flowers about as many as the principal bracts,
pistillate and fertile; ligules broad, yellow. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile;
corolla-tube slender, longer than the funnelform throat, villous at their junction. Anther-
tips ovate. Style-tips truncate. Achenes slightly angled, more or less compressed, ob-
lanceolate in outline, rounded at the apex. Pappus usually wanting.

Type species, Monolopia bahiaefolia Benth.

Leaves entire or slightly toothed. 1. P. bahiaefolia.
Leaves pinnatifid. 2. P. Heermannii.

1. Pseudobahia bahiaefolia (Benth.) Rydberg.

Monolopia bahiaefolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 317. 1849.
Eriophyllum bahiaefolium Greene, Fl. Franc. 446. 1897.

A floccose annual; stem 0.5-1 dm. high, simple or somewhat branched; leaves 1—2 cm.
long, entire or 3-lobed towards the apex; heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncle
1-5 cm. long; involucre 4-5 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad, floccose; principal bracts 8, united
below the middle; ray-flowers 6-8; ligules yellow, 5-6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2
mm. long, villous at the junction of the tube and the campanulate-funnelform throat;
achenes oblong-oblanceolate, 4-angled, but decidedly compressed, slightly pubescent; pappus
wanting or of minute fimbriate squamellae.

TYPE LOCALITY: Valley of the upper Sacramento, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, California.

2. Pseudobahia Heermannii (Durand) Rydberg.

Monolopia Heermannii Durand, Jour. Acad. Phila. IIT. 3: 93. 1855.
Monolopia bahiaefolia pinnatifida A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 383. 1876.
Eriophyllum Heermannii Greene, Fl. Franc. 445. 1897.

A sparingly floccose annual; stem 1-3 dm. high, freely branching; leaves alternate, pin-
natifid or bipinnatifid into linear segments, or the basal ones spatulate and toothed and the
uppermost entire and linear; heads solitary at the ends ~f the branches; peduncle 1-5 cm,
long; involucre floccose, 5 mm. high, 6-7 mm. broad; pr ‘pal bracts about 8, united below
the middle, usually with thickened lobes or callositie. at the sinuses; ray-flowers 8-10;
ligules yellow, 5-8 mm. long; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long, villous at the junction of the short
tube and the throat; achenes oblanceolate in outline, rounded at the apex, 4-angled but
decidedly compressed; pappus wanting or of a few minute squamellae.

TYPE LOCALITY: Calaveras, California.
DISTRIBUTION: California.

54. ERIOPHYLLUM Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816.

Trichophyllum Nutt. Gen. 2: 166. 1818.
Phialis Spreng. Gen. 631. 1831.

Annual or perennial floccose or tomentose herbs or low shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire
or pinnately lobed or dissected. Heads radiate, rarely discoid, peduncled at the ends of the
branches, solitary or corymbose or corymbose-paniculate. Involucre hemispheric; bracts
in a single series or in 2 equal series, somewhat overlapping, concave or somewhat boat-shaped,
partly enveloping the marginal achenes. Receptacle usually more or less convex, naked
or very rarely with a few paleae. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile; ligules yellow, oblong,
more or less toothed at the apex. Disk-flowers usually numerous, hermaphrodite and fertile;
corolla-tube densely glandular-hispid, shorter than the cylindro-campanulate throat; limb
5-lobed. Achenes 4—5-angled, narrowly elongate-obpyramidal, glabrous, hirsute, or glandular.
Pappus of 4-12 hyaline, often erose squamellae, or rarely wanting.

Type species, Eriophyllum trollifolium Lag.

84 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA

Annuals.
Bracts in 2 series, ovate.
Bracts in | series, oblong.
Heads narrow, short-peduncled; rays inconspicuous.
Heads campanulate, long-peduncled, conspicuously radiate.
Rays 2—3 mm. long; bracts usually united.
Bracts acute; leaves spatulate, toothed or lobed.
Bracts acuminate; leaves narrowly oblanceolate.
Rays 5-8 mm. long; leaves mostly entire; bracts usually distinct.
Involucre 6-7 mm. high; pappus-squamellae minute or
wanting; leaves sparingly floccose.
Involucre 7-8 mm. high; pappus-squamellae 1.5—2 mm.
; long; leaves densely tomentose.
Perennials (sometimes blooming the first year).
Heads comparatively large on long peduncles, mostly solitary.
Leaves not deeply dissected, entire, toothed, or shallowly lobed.

Leaves entire or with few teeth or lobes at the apex, thick and
equally tomentose on both sides, except in E. pedunculatum
and E. Harfordit.

Achenes glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves obovate or broadly oblanceolate; pappus-squam-
ellae 1-2 mm. long. <

Leaves coarsely 3—5-toothed at the apex; squamellae

broadly oblanceolate, about 2 mm. long.
Plant with rather sparse yellowish tomentum.
Plant very densely white-tomentose.
Plant 1 dm. high or less; involucre about 7 mm.
high, 8-10 mm. broad; ligules 7-8 mm. long.
Plant 1.5-2 dm. high; involucre 8-10 mm.
high, 10-15 mm. broad; ligules 8-12 mm.
long.

Leaves entire or minutely several-toothed; squamellae
narrowly lanceolate or linear-oblong, about 1 mm.
long.

Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate.

Pappus-squamellae minute, scarcely 0.3 mm. long;
leaves 1—2 cm. long.

Pappus-squamellae 1—2
long.

Achenes decidedly pubescent or glandular, or both.
Leaves entire, only the basal ones toothed at the apex.
Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate.
Leaves oblanceolate to obovate.
Leaves nearly all toothed or even lobed.

Heads 10 mm. broad or less; stems low, decumbent
at the base.

Heads 12—15 mm. broad; stems tall, erect.

Leaves serrate with comparatively small teeth, rarely at all
lobed.

Plant densely white or yellowish villous-tomentose.
Plant less tomentose; leaves loosely floccose and greenish
above.
Achenes glabrous; pappus minute; leaves very thin.
Achenes hirsute; pappus fully 1 mm. long; leaves some-
what thicker.
Leaves more deeply dissected, the sinuses extending at least half-
way to the midrib.
Blades mostly cuneate, rhombic, or rhombic-oblanceolate in
outline, 3- (or rarely 5-) cleft into rather broad and entire
(or nearky so) divisions.
Leaves thin, floccose and glabrate above.
Achenes glandular-muricate.

Leaves rhombic-oblanceolate in outline; lobes lanceo-
late, acute. :

Leaves rhombic-obovate in outline; lobes oblong
or elliptic, obtuse.

Achenes glabrous; leaves rhombic-cuneate in outline.

Plant low, rarely 4 dm. high; annual branches
monocephalous; lobes of the leaves entire.

Plant tall; annual stems corymbosely branched
above; leaf-lobes usually more or less sinuate-
dentate.

Leaves thick, densely white-tomentose on both sides.
Achenes glabrous.
Achenes pubescent or glandular.

Blades of the stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate in outline, their
divisions either linear, narrowly lanceolate, or oblong,
or else again divided.

Achenes hairy.

mm. long; leaves 3-5 cm.

Ze
18.

19.
26.

21°

ils

lesley

lepfies)

eats

[VoLUME 34

. minus.

. nubigenum.

. parviflorum.
. ambiguum.

. paleaceum.

. Congdoni.

. lutescens.

. monoense.

. leucophyllum.
. obovatum.

. brachylepis.

. pedunculatum.

. gracile.
. integrifolium.

. lrichocarpum,
. Harfordit.

. lanceolatum.

- croceum,

. chrysanthum.

. Harfordii.

. Bolanderi.
. cuneatum.
. caespitosum.

. leucophyllum.
. trichocarpum,

ParT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE

Stem-leaves twice pinnatifid with very short acute
divisions, thin.
Heads solitary; involucre 8-9 mm. high.

Involucre 10-12 mm. broad; leaves with lanceo-
late divisions.

Involucre 5-6 mm. broad; upper leaves with
narrow linear-lanceolate divisions.

Heads corymbose; involucre 6-7 mm. high.

Bracts and ray-flowers 15.

Bracts and ray-flowers 6-8.

Stem-leaves with long, often entire, linear or- oblong
divisions.
Plant woody only at the base.

Plant low, 1-2 dm. high.

Plant tall, 3-6 dm. high.

Primary divisions of
long, obtuse.
Primary divisions of the stem-leaves linear
or linear-lanceolate, acute.
Stem about 3 dm. high, slender; involucre
6-7 mm. high; ligules about 7 mm.
long.
Stem 3-10 dm. high; involucre about 1 em.
high; ligules 12-15 mm. long.
Plant shrubby.
Achenes glabrous.
Bracts acuminate, surpassing the disk.
Bracts abruptly acute, not surpassing the disk.
Heads solitary or few on long erect peduncles; plants
low, less than 3 dm. high, with a cespitose
caudex.

Leaf-segments mostly lanceolate, acutish; pubes-
cence loose, floccose.

Leaf-segments, especially of the lower leaves,
broader and rounded at the apex; pubescence
close, finely white-tomentose.

Heads several on ascending peduncles, therefore more
or less corymbose.

Divisions of the stem-leaves long, mostly linear;

stems usually tall; plant with a cespitose

the stem-leaves ob-

rootstock.

Stem slender; heads small; rays less than 1
em. long.

Stem stout; heads large; rays 12-15 mm.
long.

Divisions of the stem-leaves short, lanceolate;
heads small; plant with a cespitose caudex.
Heads small, corymbose and short-peduncled at the ends of the
branches.
Rays 6-10; bracts 8-12, oblong, scarcely overlapping;
hispidulous on the angles.

Leaves white-tomentose on both sides, twice-pinnatifid with

many segments; achenes not glandular.

Leaves glabrate above, simple, pinnatifid or sometimes bi-
a with few segments; achenes glandular on the
aces.

Leaves with broad lobes; inflorescence open.
Leaves with narrow lobes or entire; inflorescence dense.
Leaves mostly pinnatifid or bipinnatifid.
Leaves entire or rarely with a few short lobes.
Rays 4-6; bracts few, broadly oval, their edges strongly over-
lapping.
Heads 7-8 mm high.
Heads 5 mm. high or less.
Corymbs densely congested; heads nearly sessile; achenes
glabrate or glandular on the faces.
Leaves pinnatifid, with linear divisions.
Leaves 3-fid (rarely 5-fid), with short divisions.
Corymbs more open; heads distinctly peduncled; achenes
pubescent all over.
Leaves with ascending divisions or lobes.
Leaves pinnatifid, if ternate, the middle lobe de-
cidedly longer.
Leaf-segments lanceolate; involucre about 5 mm.
high.
Leaf-segments linear; involucre about + mm. high.
Leaves ternately or bi-ternately cleft above into
nearly equal divisions.
Leaf-segments linear, narrow, usually again
ternately cleft; stem loosely floccose.

achenes

30.

41.
42.

43.

hh

. Greenei.
. tdoneum.,

. achillaeoides,
. latilobum.

. Watsoni,

. Bolanderi.

E. idoneum.

. grandiflorum,

. Jepsoni.

. multiflorum,

. lanatum.

. Cineraria.

. ternatum,

. superbum.

. achillaeoides.

. Nevinit.

. latilobum.

. tanacetifolium.

. confertiflorum,

. trifidum.

. cheiranthoides.

. tenuifolium.

. biternatum.

84

. arltemistaefolium,
. Staechadifolium.

86 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

Leaf-segments short-lanceolate, entire or the
middle one rarely ternate; stem densely i
tomentose. 44. E. tridactylum.
Leaves 3-lobed with divaricate divisions. 45. E. crucigerum.

1. Eriophyllum minus (DC.) Rydberg.
Monolopia minor DC. Prodr. 6: 74. 1837.

A floccose annual; stem simple, about 1 dm. high, floccose; leaves alternate, 1-2 cm. long,
the basal ones entire, the rest pinnatifid into linear or lanceolate, ascending divisions, loosely
floccose; heads solitary at the end of the stem; peduncles 1—4 cm. long, densely floccose; in-
volucre hemispheric, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts 10-12 in two series, united at the base, ovate
or lanceolate acute; ligules oval, 3-4 mm. long; disk-corollas 2 mm. long; tube glandular-
villous, shorter than the campanulate throat; lobes ovate; achenes 1.5 mm. long, glabrous.

TYPE Locality: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 343.

2. Eriophyllum nubigenum Greene; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
19: 25; 1883

Actinolepis nubigena Greene, Fl. Franc. 442. 1897.

A low densely white-tomentose winter annual; stem 5-12 cm. high, branched from the
base; branches erect, leafy; leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. long; heads solitary
at the ends of the branches; peduncles 1 cm. long or less; involucre oblong-campanulate,
5 cm. high, 3-4 mm. broad; bracts mostly 5, oblong, densely villous; ray-flowers 5; ligules oval,
scarcely more than 1 mm. long; receptacle conic; disk-flowers few; corollas about 2 mm.
long; tube shorter than the deeply campanulate throat; achenes 3 mm. long, clavate, puberu-
lent; squamellae about 10, oblong, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Cloud’s Rest, above the Yosemite, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Type locality and vicinity.

3. Eriophyllum parviflorum (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Bahia Wallacei A. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 146. 1859. Not B.Wallacei A.Gray. 1857.
Bahia parviflora A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 382. 1876.

A floccose annual; stem branched at the base, 0.5-1.5 dm. high; leaves 1-2 cm. long,
the lower spatulate, the upper linear-oblanceolate, usually with a few teeth; peduncles 1-3 cm.
long; involucre campanulate, about 6 mm. high, 4-5 mm. broad; bracts usually united at
least at first; ray-flowers 6-8; ligules yellow, 2-3 mm. long and nearly as broad; disk-corollas
2 mm. long, the short tube densely glandular-hispid; achenes 2.5 mm. long, nearly prismatic,,.
somewhat thickened upwards, hirsutulous; squamellae about 8, minute.

TYPE LOCALITY: Fort Tejon, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California.

4. Eriophyllum ambiguum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26.
1883.

Lasthenia ambigua A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 547. 1865.
Bahia ambigua A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 382. 1876.

A floccose annual; stem sparingly branched, 1-2 dm. high; leaves oblanceolate, entire,
1-2 cm. long; peduncles 1-3 cm. long; involucre campanulate, 6-7 mm. high, 4-5 mm. broad;
bracts usually united; free lobes lanceolate, acuminate; ray-flowers 6-8; ligules yellow, 2-3
mm. long, nearly as broad; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube short, densely glandular-hispid;
achenes 2.5 mm. long, glabrous; pappus wanting.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Fort Tejon, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California.

5. Eriophyllum paleaceum Brand. Bot. Gaz. 27: 450. 1899.

A loosely floccose annual; stem 1-1.5 dm. high, with many monocephalous branches;
leaves 1-2.5 cm. long, linear, linear-spatulate, or oblanceolate, all entire or the lower lobed

Par? 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 87

or dentate towards the apex; peduncles 1-5 cm. long; involucre 6-7 mm. high and fully as
broad, floccose; bracts 8, usually distinct to near the base; ray-flowers 6-8; ligules bright-
yellow, 5-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5-3 mm. long; tube glandular-hispid,
shorter than the funnelform, glabrous or puberulent throat; style-tip conic; anther-appendages
lance-triangular; achenes 2.5 mm. long, 4-angled, nearly prismatic, hirsute; squamellae 8,
minute, lanceolate, 0.2 mm. long or less, sometimes wanting; receptacle short-conic, often
somewhat scaly.

TYPE LOCALITY: Kernville, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Kern and Tulare to Riverside counties, California.

6. Eriophyllum Congdoni Brand. Bot. Gaz. 27: 449. 1899.

An annual; stem branched above the middle, 1-2 dm. high, loosely floccose; lower leaves
spatulate, sometimes 2- or 3-toothed above, tapering into a petiole; upper leaves entire, sessile,
lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, rather loosely floccose; heads solitary at the ends
of the branches; peduncles 4-7 mm. long; involucre campanulate, 7-8 mm. high, 5-6 mm.
broad; bracts 8 or 9, oblong, acuminate; ray-flowers 8 or 9; ligules yellow, elliptic, 4-5 mm.
long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube slightly glandular-puberulent, shorter than the cylindro-
funnelform throat; achenes 4 mm. long, hirsute; squamellae 6-8, acute or lanceolate, 1.5-2
mm. long or those of the ray-flowers shorter.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains near Hennesy’s, Mariposa County, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Mariposa County, California.

7. Eriophyllum lutescens Rydberg, sp. nov.

A low cespitose perennial; stems decumbent at the base, rarely more than 1 dm. high,
densely tomentose; lower leaves cuneate, more or less 3-toothed at the apex, with a yellowish
tomentum, 1-1.5 cm. long; upper leaves oblanceolate and entire; heads solitary at the ends of
the stems; peduncles 3-5 cm. long; involucre turbinate, about 6 mm. high and broad; bracts
9-12, elliptic, obtuse, sparingly floccose; ray-flowers 9-12; ligules golden-yellow, 9-10 mm.
long, 2-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes about 4 mm. long,
glabrous; squamellae ovate, acute, nearly 1 mm. long.

Type collected on Shuleye Mountain, Madera County, California, 1907, John Murdock 2585
(Gray Herb.).

8. Eriophyllum monoense Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a decumbent cespitose base; stems about 1 dm. high, densely white-
tomentose, very leafy; leaves obovate, 1 cm. long or less, with 3 rounded lobes at the apex,
rather thick, densely white-tomentose on both sides; heads solitary at the ends of the stems;
peduncles 3-4 em. long; involucre nearly hemispheric, about _. mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad,
tomentose; bracts 8-10, elliptic, rounded or obtuse at the apex; ray-flowers 8-10; ligules
yellow, 7-8 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube glandular-hirsute,
somewhat shorter than the puberulent throat; achenes glabrous, striate, 3 mm. long; squamellae
8, unequal, the longer about 1.5 mm. long.

Type collected south of Mono Lake, July 8, 1863, Brewer 1823 (U. S. Nat. Herb. 3231065).
DISTRIBUTION: Middle Sierra Nevada, California.

9. Eriophyllum leucophyllum (DC.) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
f= 422. ‘1900.

Bahia leucophylla DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
Eriophyllum caespitosum leucophyllum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.

A perennial, with a suffruticose decumbent base; branches erect, 1.5-2, rarely 3, dm.
high, densely white-tomentose; leaves cuneate to oblanceolate in outline, 1-2 cm. long, 3—-5-
toothed or -lobed towards the apex, or the uppermost entire, densely white-tomentose on
both sides, rather thick; heads solitary at the ends of the stems; peduncles 2-5 cm. long;
involucre hemispheric, 8-10 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; bracts 10-13, densely white-woolly;
ray-flowers 10-12; ligules oblong, 8-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4-5 mm. long;
tube scarcely 2 mm. long, shorter than the cylindro-campanulate villous throat; achenes

88 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

4-4.5 mm. long, 5-angled and striate, glabrous or only very sparingly glandular-granuliferous;
squamellae oblong, erose, unequal, 1-2 mm. long.

TYPE LocALITY: Nootka, northwest America.
DISTRIBUTION: British Columbia to Oregon.

10. Eriophyllum obovatum Greene, Erythea 3: 123. 1895.
Eriophyllum lanatum obovatum H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub Bot. 3: 86. 1907.

A perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems erect, white-tomentose, 2-3 dm. high, leafy;
leaves obovate or spatulate, or the upper oblanceolate, entire or minutely several-toothed,
mostly acute, 1.5-3 cm. long, densely white with a strictly appressed rather shiny tomentum;
heads solitary; peduncles 5-12 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, about 7 mm. high, 10-12 mm.
broad, densely white-tomentose; bracts 10-12; ray-flowers about as many; ligules 6-7 mm.
long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3.5-4 mm. long, the glandular tube nearly equaling the puberu-
lent throat; achenes 3 mm. long, angled and striate, glabrous; squamellae 8, unequal, oblong,
the longer nearly 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: San Bernadino Mountains, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of southern California.

11. Eriophyllum brachylepis Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a short decumbent woody base; stems about 2 dm. high, white-tomen-
tose, slender; leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, acute, entire, densely white-
tomentose on both sides; heads solitary; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucre hemispheric,
white-tomentose, about 7 mm. high and 10 mm. broad; bracts about 10; ray-flowers about as
many; ligules 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas about 3 mm. long, the densely glandular
tube shorter than the slightly glandular throat; achenes 2.5 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so,
angled and striate; squamellae oblong, the larger about 0.3 mm. long.

Type collected in Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California, 1894, Parish 3344
(herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

12. Eriophyllum pedunculatum A. Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 270.
1898.

A perennial, with a rather slender cespitose rootstock; stems about 3 dm. high, sparingly
floccose, reddish below, leafy; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, acute, entire, spar-
ingly floccose-tomentose, at last more glabrate and greener above; heads solitary; peduncles
5-15 cm. long; involucre lanate, hemispheric, 8 mm. high, 10 mm. broad; bracts 8-10; ray-
flowers as many; ligules orange, about 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long,
the glandular tube shorter than the puberulent throat; achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous; squamel-

lae about 8, unequal, lance-oblong, erose, the longer about 2 mm. long.

Type LocaLity: Left bank of the Sweetwater, almost opposite the head of Lake Waha, Idaho.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

13. Eriophyllum gracile (H. & A.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19:
26, 1883.

Bahia gracilis H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 353. 1838.

A perennial, with a short woody cespitose caudex; stems many, 1.5-2.5 dm. high, white-
tomentose, slender; leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, entire,
tomentose on both sides; heads solitary; peduncles 3-10 cm. long, slender; involucre cam-
panulate, 6-7 mm. high, about 8 mm. broad, tomentose; bracts about 8; ray-flowers about as
many; ligules 6-7 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, both tube and throat
glandular, the former shorter; achenes 4 mm. long, decidedly glandular-granuliferous; squamel-
lae obovate to oblong, erose, unequal, less than 1 mm. long.

Type Locaity: ‘Snake Fort, Snake Country” [Idaho].
DISTRIBUTION: Washington, Oregon, and western Idaho.

ParT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 89

14. Eriophyllum integrifolium (Hook.) Greene, Fl. Franc. 444.
1897.
Trichophyllum integrifolium Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833.

Bahia integrifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 656. 1836.
Eriophyllum caespitosum integrifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.

A perennial, suffruticose and decumbent at the base; stems several, 2-3 dm. high, tomen-
tose; leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 2-4 cm. long, entire or some of them, especially the
lower, somewhat 3-toothed, the teeth broad and short, rather loosely tomentose, sometimes a
little greener above; heads solitary; peduncles 3—7 cm. long; involucre 7-8 mm. high, 7-10
mm. broad, tomentose; bracts 8-10; ray-flowers 8-10; ligules orange, 8-10 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-granuliferous, the tube shorter than the throat;
achenes 3 mm. long, hispidulous, but rarely eoosmiesously glandular; squamellae about 8,
unequal, less than 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Head sources of the Columbia.
DISTRIBUTION: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Wyoming.

15. Eriophyllum trichocarpum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a depressed suffrutescent decumbent base; stems 1-2 dm. high, densely
white-tomentose; basal leaves cuneate or spatulate in outline, 1-2 cm. long, densely tomen-
tose, usually with 3 blunt teeth or lobes at the apex; stem-leaves more elongate, 2—4 cm.
long, usually more or less deeply 3-lobed, the uppermost entire; heads solitary; peduncles
3-8 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high, about 1 cm. broad; bracts 6-9, rather
broad; ray-flowers 5-9, sometimes wanting; ligules about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; disk-
corollas 4 mm. long, the tube shorter than the throat, both glandular; achenes 4 mm. long,
decidedly glandular-granuliferous and sometimes also hairy; squamellae 8, oblong, erose, |
mm. long or less.

Type collected at Palisades, Nevada, 1882, M. E. Jones (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Nevada and adjacent California and Oregon.

16. Eriophyllum lanceolatum Howell, Fl. NW. Am. 1: 355. 1900.

A perennial, with a suffruticose decumbent base; stems several, erect, 2-4 dm. high,
densely tomentose; leaves rather thick, oblanceolate, sharply serrate, acute, subsessile, 2-3
em. long, densely and yellowish white-tomentose on both sides; heads solitary; peduncles
3-5 em. long; involucre hemispheric, about 8 mm. high, 12-14 mm. broad, white-tomentose;
bracts 10-20; ray-flowers 10-20; ligules golden-yellow, 7-8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; disk-
corollas about 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular, shorter than the throat and limb; achenes
slightly glandular-granuliferous or hispidulous; squamellae 8-10, oblong, unequal in length,
0.5-0.7 mm. long, obtuse or truncate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Siskiyou Mountains near Ashland, Oregon.
DISTRIBUTION: Siskiyou Region of Oregon and California.

17. Eriophyllum croceum Greene, Erythea 3: 124. 1895.

A perennial, with a cespitose rootstock or short woody base; stems decumbent at the base,
2-4 dm. high; leaves oblanceolate or obovate, thin, densely white-tomentose beneath, loosely
floccose and glabrate above, coarsely serrate and rarely somewhat 3-lobed above the middle,
2-5 cm. long; heads solitary; peduncles 3-8 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, about 8 mm.
high and 12 mm. broad; bracts 12-14; ray-flowers as many; ligules golden-yellow, 8-10 mm.
long, 3-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular-hirsute, fully as long as
the slightly glandular throat; achenes 4 mm. long, 4-angled, striate, glabrous; squamellae about
8, reduced to short callous teeth.

Type Locatity: “Amador and Calaveras County hills,’ California.
DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Nevada region of California.

18. Eriophyllum chrysanthum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a decumbent suffruticose base; stems 2.5-3.5 dm. high, tomentose;
leaves oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, not thick, white-tomentose beneath, floccose and in age gla-

90 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

brate and green above, acute, serrate, and the larger ones more or less 3-lobed; heads solitary;
peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre white-tomentose, about 8 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad;
bracts about 15; ray-flowers as many; ligules golden-yellow, about 8 mm. long, 2-3 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular, the tube densely so, shorter than the throat;
achenes 4 mm. long, hirsute, 4-angled; squamellae about 8, unequal, erose, oblong or lanceo-
late, the longer scarcely 1 mm. long.

Type collected near Quincy, Plumas County, California, 1893, Heller 10855 (herb N. Y. Bot.
Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Plumas and Amador counties, California.

19. Eriophyllum Harfordii Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems 3-4 dm. high, rather sparingly tomentose,
more or less branched; leaves oblanceolate in outline, 2-6 cm. long, rather thin, loosely floccose,
3- (rarely 5-) lobed above the middle; lobes lanceolate; heads solitary; peduncles 5-10 cm.
long; involucre tomentose, hemispheric, 9-10 mm. high, 10-13 mm. broad; bracts about 10,
broad; ray-flowers as many; ligules 12-13 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4-5 mm.
long, glandular-hispidulous; tube much shorter than the throat; achenes 4 mm. long, glandular-
muricate; squamellae about 8, unequal, obovate or oblong, the larger about 0.5 mm. long.

‘Type collected at the Dalles, Oregon, 1889, Harford & Dunn 453 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Oregon and northern California.

20. Eriophyllum cuneatum (Kellogg) Rydberg.
Bahia cuneata Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 49. 1873.

A perennial, with a cespitose rootstock or short caudex; stems decumbent at the base,
floccose, 2-4 dm. high; leaves 2-5 cm. long, rhombic-cuneate, more or less distinctly 3-lobed
above the middle or the lowest entire, white-tomentose beneath, loosely floccose and glabrate
above; heads solitary; peduncles 3-8 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, 8-9 mm. high, 12-15
mm. broad; bracts about 15; ray-flowers about 15; ligules 8-10 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; disk-
corollas 4 mm. long, densely glandular-hispidulous; tube shorter than the sparingly glandular
throat; achenes glabrous, 3.5 mm. long; squamellae less than 0.3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Cisco, Sierra Nevada mountains, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Nevada, California.

21. Eriophyllum caespitosum Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1167.
1828.

Helenium caespitosum Dougl.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 733- 1841.

Bahia arachnoidea Fisch. & Avé-Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 9: 63. 1842.

Bahia latifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 30. 1844.

? Egletes californica Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 56. 1855.

Eriophyllum caespitosum latifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.
Eriophyllum arachnoideum Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 207. 1894.

A perennial, shrubby at the base; stems 3-6 dm. high, loosely floccose, corymbosely
branched; leaves rhombic in outline, with winged petioles, 2-5 cm. long, deeply 3- (or rarely 5-)
lobed, thin, loosely floccose, in age green and glabrate above; lobes usually sinuate-dentate;
heads several; peduncles 3-7 cm. high; involucre 9-11 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; bracts
10-15; ray-flowers as many; ligules 8-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, bright-yellow, in drying
turning brown; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular-hispid, fully as long as the
puberulent throat; achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous; squamellae about 8, minute, about 0.2 mm.
long.

TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘ Northwest America from the sea to the valley of the Rocky Mountains.”
DISTRIBUTION: Central California near the coast.
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1167.

22. Eriophyllum Greenei Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 41: 313. 1906.

A perennial, with a woody cespitose base; stems 3-7 dm. high, lanate, branched above;
leaves 2-3 cm. long, petioled, deltoid-ovate in outline, twice or thrice pinnately divided into
short acute lobes, floccose on both sides, in age glabrate above, the margins somewhat revolute;

ParT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 91

heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre hemispheric,
8-10 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts 10-12, tomentose, acute; ray-flowers as many,
sometimes wanting; ligules light-yellow, 8-9 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3.5-4
mm. long; tube densely glandular-hispid, shorter than the sparingly glandular throat; achenes 3
mm. long, 4-angled, hirsute; squamellae about 8, unequal, obovate, erose, the longer about 1
mm. long.

Type LocaLity: Mocho Creek Canyon, Alameda County, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Central California. Z

23. Eriophyllum idoneum Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif.524. 1901.

A perennial, with a woody caudex, sometimes flowering the first year; stems several,
branched at the base, finely white-tomentose, about 3 dm. high; leaves numerous, those
near the base crowded, 2-3 cm. long, densely white-tomentose beneath, less so above, 3-5-
divided into mostly toothed or lobed divisions, in the lower leaves ovate or broadly lanceolate,
in the upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; heads solitary or few and cymose-corymbose
at the ends of the branches; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucre short-campanulate, 6-7 mm.
high, 5-6 mm. broad, densely tomentose; bracts 9-12, acute or acuminate; ray-flowers about
as many, sometimes wanting; ligules yellow, 7-10 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide; disk-corollas
3 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube shorter than the throat; squamellae oblong, lacerate,
nearly 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Vaca Mountains, Napa County, California.
DiIsTRIBUTION: California.

24. Eriophyllum achillaeoides (DC.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg.
207% “1894:

Bahia achillaeoides DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
Bahia lanata achillaeoides A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 381. 1876.
Eriophyllum caespitosum achillaeoides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.

A perennial, with a cespitose suffruticose base; stems 3-4 dm. high, tomentose, decumbent
at the base, corymbosely branched above; individual peduncles short, 1-3 cm., rarely 4-5
cm., long; leaves ovate in outline, 1-3 cm. long, bipinnatifid with short acute divisions, densely
white-tomentose beneath, floccose and glabrate above, with revolute margins; involucre
hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad; bracts about 15, acute; ray-flowers as many;
ligules bright-yellow, 6-7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, densely glandular-
hispid throughout; tube shorter than the throat; achenes 3 mm. long, more or less hirsutulous;
squamellae ovate, unequal, 0.3-0.6 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges, California, from San Francisco northward.

25. Eriophyllum Watsoni A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.

Bahia ees D. C. Eaton, in S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 17, in part. 1871. Not B. leucophylla

DC wa36;

Bahia gracilis A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 382, in part. 1876. Not B. gracilisH.& A. 1838.

A perennial, with a short cespitose caudex; stems 1-1.5 dm. high, white-tomentose, simple
or slightly branched; lower leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, about 1 cm. long, 3-5-toothed at
the apex, white-tomentose beneath, floccose above; stem-leaves mostly pinnatifid with linear
divisions, 1-2 cm. long, revolute-margined; heads solitary; peduncles 3-8 em. long; involucre
hemispheric, 6 mm. high, 1 cm. broad or less; bracts 9-10, acute; ray-flowers as many;
ligules bright-yellow, 5-8 mm. long; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube
shorter than the throat; squamellae obovate, nearly equal, erose, and nearly 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Robert’s Station, Nevada.
DISTRIBUTION: Oregon, Idaho, and Nevada.

26. Eriophyllum Bolanderi Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a cespitose, short, woody, base; stems decumbent at the base, white-
tomentose, about 3 dm. high, simple; basal leaves cuneate, obovate, about 2 cm. long, 3-5-

92 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

lobed, with obovate divisions, white-tomentose beneath, floccose above; stem-leaves 3-cleft to
near the midrib into oblong, entire or 2—3-toothed divisions; heads solitary; peduncles 8-15
cm. long; involucre hemispheric, 10 mm. high, 12-15 cm. broad, white-tomentose; bracts about
15; ray-flowers as many; ligules yellow, 10 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long;
tube densely glandular-hispid, shorter than the puberulent throat; achenes 4-angled, striate,

4 mm. long, sparingly hirsute; squamellae oblong, erose, the longer fully 1 mm. long.
Type collected in Bear Valley, California in 1872, Bolander & Keller (herb. Columbia Univ.).

27. Eriophyllum grandiflorum (A. Gray) Greene, Fl. Franc. 443.
1897.

Bahia lanata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 317. 1849. Not B. lanata DC. 1836.

Bahia lanata grandiflora A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 381. 1876.

Eriophyllum caespitosum grandiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.
?Eriophyllum speciosum Greene, Erythea 1: 149. 1893.

Eriophyllum lanatum grandiflorum Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif. 524. 1901.

A suffruticose perennial; stems several, 3-10 dm. high, white-tomentose, branched above;
leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate to linear in outline, 3-10 cm. long, divided into linear or
linear-lanceolate divisions or the uppermost entire, white-tomentose beneath, floccose above,
revolute-margined; heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncles 1-3 dm. long; in-
volucre hemispheric, fully 1 em. high, 12-18 mm. broad; bracts 12-15, long-acute, with reflexed
tips; ray-flowers as many; ligules golden-yellow, 12-15 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; disk-corollas
4 mm. long; tube densely glandular-hispid, shorter than the puberulent throat; achenes 4 mm.
long, appressed-pubescent; squamellae unequal, erose, the longer about 1 mm. long. (E&.
speciosum is apparently a smaller and more slender form.)

TYPE LOCALITY: Valley of the Sacramento, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, California.

28. Eriophyllum Jepsoni Greene, Pittonia 2: 165. 1891.

A shrubby perennial, 5-8 dm. high; stems white-pannose, with almost erect branches;
leaves about 5 cm. long, pinnatifid into linear, revolute divisions, floccose on both sides;
heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncles 5~10 cm. long; involucre rounded-cam-
panulate, 6-7 mm. high and broad, finely pannose; bracts about 10, acute; ray-flowers 6-10;
ligules golden, about 10 mm. long and 5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3.5 mm. long; tube densely
glandular-hispid, equaling the glabrous throat; achenes 3 mm. long, glandular and hispidulous;
squamellae unequal, lanceolate, the longer about 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains south of Livermore, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Alameda County, California.

29. Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
127422. . 1900:
Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 35. 1834.
Bahia multiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 373. 1841.

A perennial, with a cespitose base; stems 3-4 dm. high, branched above, densely but loosely
white-tomentose; leaves petioled, oblanceolate or obovate in outline, deeply pinnatifid or
bipinnatifid with lance-linear divisions, loosely tomentose on both sides; heads solitary at the
ends of the branches; peduncles 4-7 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, about 1 em. high and
1.5 em. broad; bracts 8-14, abruptly acuminate at the apex; ray-flowers as many; ligules 6-7
mim. long; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-hispid; tube scarcely more than half as long
as the glandular-puberulent throat; achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous; squamellae about 8, oblong,
entire, slightly less than 1 mm. long.

TyPE LocaLiry: ‘In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of Missouri ”’
[Montana].
DISTRIBUTION: Montana to Oregon.

30. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 183. 1833.

Actinella lanata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 560. 1814.
Trichophyllum lanatum Nutt. Gen. 2: 167. 1818.
Actinea lanata Pursh; Steud. Nom. Bot. Phan. 15. 1821.

ParT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 93

Helenium lanatum Spreng. Syst. 3: 574. 1826.
Bahia lanata DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.

A perennial, with a cespitose base; stems several, about 3 dm. high, loosely tomentose,
simple or branched; leaves obovate in outline, loosely white-tomentose on both sides but
slightly greener above, pinnatifid with linear or oblong divisions; heads solitary at the ends
of the branches; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, 9-10 mm. high, 10-15 mm.
broad, white-tomentose; bracts 10-12, acute; ray-flowers as many; ligules bright-yellow,
about 10 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular-hispid,
much shorter than the puberulent throat; achenes glabrous, 4 mm. long; squamellae obovate,
about 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: On the high banks of the Kooskoosky.
DISTRIBUTION: Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

31. Eriophyllum Cineraria Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a strongly cespitose suffruticose base; stems decumbent below, about
2.5 dm. high, white-tomentose; basal leaves about 2 cm. long, spatulate in outline, petioled,
3-5-lobed, densely and permanently white-tomentose beneath, more floccose and greener
above; stem-leaves similar but narrower, and with deeper and narrower lanceolate divisions;
heads solitary; peduncles 7-10 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, about 8 mm. high and 12 mm.
broad, tomentose; bracts 10-12, acute; ray-flowers as many; ligules golden-yellow, about 8
mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-hispid, the short tube densely
so; achenes glabrous, 3 mm. long; squamellae about 8, obovate, nearly equal, about 0.5 mm.
long.

Type collected near the mouth of Little Grizzly Creek, below Genessee, Plumas County, Cali-
fornia, July 15, 1907, Heller & Kennedy 8849 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

32. Eriophyllum ternatum Greene, Pittonia 3: 185 1897.

Bahia lanata tenuifolia T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 375. 1842. Not Bahia tenuifolia DC. 1836.
Eriophyllum Cusickii Eastw. in herb.

' A perennial, with a slender cespitose rootstock or decumbent suffruticose base; stems
3-4 dm. high, slender, finely floccose, usually branched above; leaves white- or yellowish-
tomentose beneath, loosely floccose and sometimes glabrate above, the lower oblanceolate in
outline, with 3-7 short obtuse lobes; stem-leaves pinnatifid with narrowly linear divisions;
heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncles 5-10 cm. long, slender; involucre hemi-
spheric, 7-8 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts about 10, acute; ray-flowers as many; ligules
golden-yellow, about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5—-3 mm. long; tube densely
glandular-hispid, shorter than the nearly glabrous throat; achenes glabrous, striate; squamellae
small, obovate, 0.2-0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Street of Ashland, Oregon.
DISTRIBUTION: British Columbia to northern California.

33. Eriophyllum superbum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a cespitose rootstock; stems 4 dm. high or more, corymbosely branched
above, loosely white-tomentose; lower leaves cuneate-spatulate in outline, deeply 3-lobed,
2-4 cm. long, white-tomentose on both sides; stem-leaves deltoid in outline, twice or thrice
ternate-pimnatifid into oblong or linear divisions; peduncles 2—5 cm. long; involucre hemispheric,
7 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, acute; ray-flowers of the same number; ligules
golden-yellow, about 15 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas scarcely 3 mm. long, glandu-
lar-hispid throughout, the short tube densely so; achenes glabrous, 3 mm. long; squamellae mi-
nute, obovate, less than 0.2 mm. long.

Type collected on Higley’s promontory of lake, opposite Quiniault, Washington, July, 1902,
Conard 243 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Washington and Oregon.

94 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

34. Eriophyllum Nevinii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. 2. 1%: 452.
1886.

A shrub about 1 m. high; stems thick, decidedly tomentose below; leaves long, often 1
dm. long, twice pinnatifid into oblong obtuse segments, white-tomentose on both sides; heads
numerous in a corymbiform flat-topped panicle, the individual peduncles short; involucre
campanulate, sparingly tomentose, about 6 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad; bracts 10-12, oblong,
obtuse; ray-flowers 6-8, not much exceeding the disk; ligules about 2 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular, scarcely one-half as long as the throat;
achenes hispidulous on the angles, 4 mm. long; squamellae 4-6, very unequal, lanceolate,
entire and rather firm.

TYPE LOCALITY: Island of San Clemente, California.
DISTRIBUTION: San Clemente and Santa Catalina Island, California.

35. Eriophyllum latilobum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A branched perennial; stem about 5 dm. high, slightly floccose; leaves alternate, cuneate
in outline, 2-6 cm. long, thin, slightly tomentose beneath, glabrate above, deeply 3-lobed;
lobes lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, often more or less toothed; heads many in corymbiform
cymes; involucre nearly hemispheric, 4-5 mm. high, 7-10 mm. broad, tomentose; bracts 6-8,
ovate, acute; ray-flowers 6-8; ligules golden-yellow, about 6 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; disk-
corollas 3 mm. long, puberulent; achenes 3 mm. long, striate, muriculate, but glabrous; squamel-
lae about 8, oblong, obtuse, unequal, 0.5-1 mm. long.

Type collected back of San Mateo on the Half Moon Bay road, California, in 1907, Heller 8584
(Gray Herb.).
DISTRIBUTION: Northern and central California.

36. Eriophyllum artemisiaefolium (Less.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 336.
1891.

Bahia artemisiaefolia Less. Linnaea 5: 160. 1830.
Bahia artemisiaefolia Douglasii DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.

A low shrub, 3-15 dm. high, branched; branches white-tomentose when young, more
glabrate in age; leaves 3-7 cm. long, bipinnatifid or pinnatifid, with linear or oblong, obtusish,
entire or toothed divisions, white-tomentose beneath, slightly floccose but soon glabrate
above, the margins usually revolute; heads in a dense corymbiform panicle; involucre cam-
panulate, from 4 mm. high and 5 mm. broad to 5 mm. high and 6-7 mm. broad (Bahia artem1-
siaefolia Douglasit), slightly tomentulose when young, soon glabrate; bracts 8-9, broadly
elliptic; ray-flowers of about the same number; ligules about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide;
disk-corollas about 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular, scarcely more than half as long as
the slightly glandular throat; achenes 3 mm. long, hispidulous on the margins; squamellae
about 8, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 1—-1.5 mm. long.

Type LocaLity: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Central California to southern Oregon, along the coast.

37. Eriophyllum staechadifolium Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816.

Helenium staechadifolium Spreng, Syst. 3: 574. 1826.
Bahia staechadifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 656. 1836.
Bahia staechadifolia californica DC. Prodr. 5: 656. 1836.

A low shrub, 3-6 dm. high; branches white-tomentose; leaves 3-6 cm. long, linear, entire
or with a few short linear lobes, densely white-tomentose beneath, loosely floccose and glabrate
above; heads many in a dense corymbiform panicle; involucre campanulate, 5 mm. high,
7 mm. broad, floccose-tomentose; bracts 8-9, elliptic, acute; ray-flowers about as many;
ligules 4-5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular; tube scarcely half
as long as the throat; achenes hispidulous on the angles, glandular on the faces, 4 mm. long;
squamellae about 8, linear-oblong, 1—-1.5 mm. long.

: ‘TypE Locatity: Given as ‘Nova Hispania,” but the type was collected at Monterey, Cali-
ornia.
DISTRIBUTION: On the beaches of Monterey and Santa Cruz counties, California.

PART 2, 1915 ] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 95

38. Eriophyllum tanacetifolium Greene, Pittonia 2: 21. 1889.
Eriophyllum confertiforum*latum H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 186. 1907.

A low shrub, 3-6 dm. high; branches white-tomentose or floccose, rather simple; leaves
3-5 cm. long, spatulate in outline, deeply 3—5-lobed, with oblong or linear, entire or few-
toothed divisions, white-tomentose beneath, floccose above; heads 3-10 in a dense corymbi-
form cluster; involucre campanulate, about 7 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad, densely tomentose;
bracts about 6, broadly oval; ray-flowers:.4—6, or wanting; ligules 4-5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide;
disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes 3.5 mm. long, sparingly appressed-
hairy; squamellae 8, unequal, linear, obtuse, about 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Wooded hills of Calaveras County, California, between Sheep Ranch and
Murphy’s.

DISTRIBUTION: From Calaveras and Mariposa to Los Angeles and Santa Clara counties, Cali-
fornia.

39. Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
LOE. NS Sa.
Bahia confertiflora DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
Eriophyllum confertiflorum discoideum Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 207. 1894.

A low shrub, 3-6 dm. high; branches slender, finely white-tomentose; leaves 2-3 cm.
long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with narrowly linear divisions, white-tomentose beneath,
slightly floccose and glabrate above, with revolute margins; heads almost sessile in small
clusters or corymbs at the ends of the branches; involucre campanulate, 3-4 mm. high and
about as broad, floccose; bracts about 6, oval, obtuse; ray-flowers 4-6, or wanting; ligules
3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes about

2 mm. long, hispid on the margins, glandular on the faces; squamellae 8-12, elliptic, about

0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern California.

40. Eriophyllum trifidum (Nutt.) Rydberg.
Bahia trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 374. 1841.
Bahia confertiflora trifida A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 380. 1876. :
Eriophyllum confertifiorum trifidum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.

A low shrub, about 3 dm. high, branched above; branches strict, rather stout, densely
white-tomentose; leaves 1-2 em. long, rather thick, divided into 3-5, short, linear or subulate
lobes, white-tomentose beneath, glabrate above; heads few in small dense clusters at the ends
of the branches; involucre campanulate, nearly 5 mm. high and broad, densely tomentose;
bracts 5 or 6, oval; ray-flowers usually as many; ligules 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas
2.5 mm. long; tube glandular-hispid, much shorter than the glandular-granuliferous throat;
achenes 2 mm. long, hispidulous on the angles, glandular-granuliferous on the faces; squamellae
about 8, oblong, about 0.6 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Barbara, California.

DISTRIBUTION: Sandy places, mostly near the coast, from Monterey, California, to central
Lower California.

41. Eriophyllum cheiranthoides Rydberg, sp. nov.

A low shrub, 3-6 dm. high, branched above; branches white-tomentose; leaves pinnatifid
or bipinnatifid, 3-4 cm. long, with 3-5 principal divisions and linear-lanceolate ultimate lobes,
white-tomentose beneath, floccose and more glabrate above; heads in small corymbs, dis-
tinctly peduncled; involucre about 5 mm. high and broad, campanulate, tomentose; bracts
5 or 6, oval; ray-flowers 5 or 6; ligules orange, 3-4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas
2.5 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes 2 mm. long, more or less hispidulous all over,
especially the marginal ones; squamellae 6-8, oblong, 0.5 mm. long.

Type collected on Mission Hills, Santa Barbara, California, 1908, Alice Eastwood 21 (herb,
INE Y~ Bot. Gard:).

DISTRIBUTION: Southern California.

96 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

42. Eriophyllum tenuifolium (DC.) Rydberg.
Bahia tenuifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
Eriophyllum confertiflorum laxiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.

A low shrub, 2-5 dm. high, densely branched below; branches slender, white-tomentose,
mostly simple; leaves 2—4 cm. long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid into almost linear-filiform divi-
sions, white-tomentose beneath, floccose and glabrate above, revolute-margined; heads in
small corymbs, distinctly peduncled; involucre campanulate, about 4 mm. high and 3 mm.
broad, white-tomentose; bracts about 5, oval; ray-flowers as many; ligules 3-4 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5-3 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes 2.5 mm. long,
sparingly hispidulous; squamellae 6-8, oblong, fully 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Central California to Arizona, Sonora, and Lower California.

43. Eriophyllum biternatum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A low shrub, about 2 dm. high; branches erect, slender, rather loosely floccose; leaves
opposite, 1.5-2 cm. long, white-tomentose beneath, floccose above, ternately divided about
half their length into narrow, linear, usually again 3-cleft divisions, with revolute margins;
heads in small corymbs, short-peduncled; main peduncle 2—5 cm. long; involucre campanulate,
about 4 mm. high, loosely floccose; bracts about 5, broadly obovate; ray-flowers as many;
ligules orange, 4mm. long and nearly as wide; disk-corollas nearly 3 mm. long; tube glandu-
lar-puberulent, shorter than the throat; achenes 2 mm. long, sparingly hispidulous; squamellae
6-8, narrowly oblong, erose, nearly 1 mm. long.

Type collected on Kern River, Tulare County, California, August 2, 1904, Culbertson (Baker
distribution number) 4452 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Tulare and San Bernardino counties, California.

44. Eriophyllum tridactylum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A low shrub, about 3 dm. high, with numerous erect stout white-tomentose branches;
leaves 1-3 cm. long, cuneate or oblanceolate in outline, cleft into 3 lanceolate divisions above
the middle, white-tomentose on both sides but somewhat greener above, the middle division
sometimes 3-lobed; heads in small corymbs at the ends of the branches; involucre about
4 mm. high and 3 mm. broad; bracts about 5, densely tomentose, oval; ray-flowers about as
many; ligules 3.5-4 mm. long, nearly 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas about 3 mm. long; tube glandu-
lar-hispid, much shorter than the slightly puberulent throat; achenes 2 mm. long, sparingly
hispidulous; squamellae 6-8, oblong, nearly 1 mm. long.

Type collected in the Yosemite Valley, California, July 1871, Harry Edwards (herb. N. Y.
Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern California.

45. Eriophyllum crucigerum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A low shrub, about 2 dm. high, branched below; branches erect, slender, white-tomentose;
leaves alternate, rarely more than 1 cm. long, 3-lobed with oblong, obtuse divisions, the lateral
ones diverging, or the upper entire, white-tomentose beneath, floccose and in age almost glabrate
above; heads corymbose; individual peduncles 2-4 mm. long; involucre campanulate, 4 mm.

high, 2-2.5 mm. broad; bracts about 5, elliptic; ray-flowers 5; ligules 2-2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 2 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube shorter than the throat; achenes
2 mm. long, sparingly hispidulous; squamellae 6-8, oblong, 0.5—-0.7 mm. long.

Type collected on Cedros Island, Lower California, March 18-20, 1889, Palmer 700 (U.S.

Nat. Herb.).

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

ERIOPHYLLUM TROLLIFOLIUM Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816. (Helenium trollifolium Spreng.
Syst. 3: 573. 1826. Bahta trollifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.) ‘This is described
as having red ligules; otherwise the description agrees with that of E. caespitosum.

ERIOPHYLLUM STAECHADIFOLIUM DEPRESSUM Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 404. 1887. No
form of E. staechadifolium or of E. artemisiaefolium has been seen from as far south as
Santa Cruz Island.

Part 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 97

55. ACTINOLEPIS DC. Prodr. 5: 655. 1836.

Low villous-floccose annual herbs, diffusely branched from the base. Leaves alternate,
spatulate, 3-toothed or 3-lobed at the apex. Heads radiate or discoid, sessile, leafy-bracted,
in small clusters at the ends of the branches. Involucre campanulate; bracts few, 5-7, elliptic,
boat-shaped and partly enclosing the marginal achenes. Receptacle flat. Ray-flowers, if pres-
ent, 3-7, pistillate and fertile; ligules yellow, obovate, short. Disk-flowers several, hermaph-
rodite, fertile or sterile; corollas yellow; tube glandular or pubescent, shorter than the campanu-
late throat; lobes 5, ovate. Anthers with ovate obtuse tips. Achenes 4—5-angled, striate,
narrow, gradually tapering towards the base. Pappus of 5-12 membranous squamellae,
laciniate-cleft into short bristle-like divisions.

Type species, Actinolepis multicaulis DC.

Rays present; squamellae shorter than the corolla-tube. 1. A. multicaulis.
Rays wanting; squamellae fully equaling the corolla-tube. 2. A. Pringlet.

1. Actinolepis multicaulis DC. Prodr. 5: 656. 1836.
Eriophyllum multicaule A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 24. 1883.

A diffusely branched annual; branches numerous from the base, decumbent or ascending,
5-25 cm. high, loosely floccose; leaves 1 cm. long or less, spatulate, mostly with 2 or 3 rounded
teeth or lobes at the apex, loosely floccose, in age often glabrate; heads sessile at the ends
of the branches, leafy-bracted, usually in small clusters; involucre campanulate, 3-4 mm. high,
3 mm. broad; bracts 5-7, elliptic, strongly boat-shaped, densely villous; ray-flowers 3-7;
ligules yellow, obovate, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; disk-corollas scarcely 2 mm. long; tube
pubescent, fully as long as the campanulate throat; pistils in some or all flowers often abortive;
achenes 2 mm. long, pubescent or in the sterile flowers glabrate and abortive; squamellae of
the ray-flowers about 5, lanceolate, split on the margin and apex into half a dozen short
bristles of which the terminal one is the longest; squamellae of the disk-flowers more numer-
ous, narrower and each with fewer bristles, those of the abortive achenes usually wanting.

TYPE LOCALITY: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California and Arizona.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Ic. pl. 325; Mex. Bound. Surv. Bot. pl. 33.

2. Actinolepis Pringlei (A. Gray) Greene, Fl. Franc. 441. 1897.
Eriophyllum Pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.

A diffusely branched annual; stems 1-5 cm. high, loosely villous; leaves spatulate, 1 cm.
long or less, long-villous, 3-lobed at the apex; heads densely white-villous, tomentose, clustered
at the ends, leafy-bracted; involucre campanulate, about 6 mm. high and 5 mm. broad;
bracts 6-8, elliptic, boat-shaped; rays wanting; corollas 2.5 mm. long, the glandular tube
longer than the campanulate throat; achenes densely brown-hoary, 2 mm. long; squamellae
about 10, silvery, lanceolate, cleft into several, short bristle-like divisions.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mohave Desert, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California and Arizona.

56. ANTHEROPEAS Rydberg, gen. nov.

Low floccose annual herbs, branched at the base. Leaves alternate, spatulate to linear-
spatulate, entire or 3-toothed. Heads radiate, short-peduncled, solitary at the ends of the
branches. Involucre campanulate; bracts 5-9, elliptic, distinct or nearly so, concave and
slightly enfolding the ray-achenes. Receptacle strongly convex or low-conic, obtuse, naked,
Ray-flowers 5-9, pistillate and fertile; ligules yellow, white or tinged with rose or purple. Disk-
flowers about 20, hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla-tube glandular or pubescent, about equaling
the campanulate throat. Anthers with subulate tips. Style-branches obtuse or with conic
tips. Achenes elongate, narrow, 5-angled, gradually tapering downward. Pappus of 6-12
opaque squamellae, either all elliptic and obtuse or those of the angles linear-lanceolate and
produced into an awn-tip, or rarely wanting.

Type species, Bahia Wallacei A. Gray.

98 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34

Pappus-squamellae all obtuse, rarely wanting; leaves broadly spatulate or
obovate; ligules yellow or reddish, rarely white.
Sa shorter than the corolla-tube; achenes glabrate or sparingly
airy.
Ligules yellow, indistinctly toothed; leaves usually entire. 1. A. Wallacei.
Ligules reddish or rarely white, distinctly 3- or 4-toothed; leaves often
3-lobed at the apex. 2. A. rubellum.
Squamellae longer than the corolla-tube; achenes densely hairy. 3. A. australe.
Pappus-squamellae on the angles narrow, linear-lanceolate or linear; leaves
linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate; ligules white.
Squamellae on the angles produced into an awn, much longer than the rest. zs

. lanosum.
Squamellae on the angles muticous, slightly longer than the rest.

A
. A. tenuifolium.

1. Antheropeas Wallacei (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Bahia Wallacei A. Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 105. 1857.

Actinolepis Wallacei A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 198. 1874.

Eriophyllum Wallacei A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.

Eriophyllum aureum Brand. Bot. Gaz. 27: 449. 1899. :

A lanose annual, branching from the base; stems ascending or decumbent, 2-10 cm.
high, white-tomentose; leaves obovate or spatulate, entire, 5-15 mm. long, densely and perma-
nently floccose; peduncles usually less than 1 cm. long; involucre campanulate or turbinate,
about 5 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad; bracts 8-10; receptacle high-convex; ray-flowers 8-10;
ligules yellow, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, with 2 or 3 obscure teeth; disk-corollas 2—2.5 mm. long,
glandular-puberulent; style-branches with conic tips; achenes 2 mm. long, obtusely angled,
glabrate or nearly so; squamellae 6-8, oblong, erose, about 0.5 mm. long or less, sometimes
reduced to a mere crown or wanting.

TYPE LOCALITY: Teyanga, near Ios Angeles, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Utah to Arizona and southern California.

2. Antheropeas rubellum (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Bahia rubella A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 95. 1859.
Actinolepis Wallacei rubella A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 198. 1874.

A lanose annual; stem erect or ascending, branched, 4-10 cm. high, white-tomentose;
leaves spatulate in outline, permanently floccose, 8-20 mm. long, often with 3 rounded lobes
at the apex; peduncles 1—2.5 cm. long; involucre turbinate-campanulate, 6-7 mm. high, 5-6
mm. broad, tomentose; bracts 8-10, acute or acuminate; receptacle high-convex; ray-flowers
8-10; ligules pale-purple, rose-colored, or rarely white, 3-4 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, distinctly
3- or 4-toothed; disk-corollas yellow, 2—2.5 mm. long; tube densely glandular-pubescent; style-
branches with conic tips; achenes 2 mm. long, glabrous; squamellae 6-8, oblong, erose, about
0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: San Felipe (between San Diego and the Rio Colorado, California).
DISTRIBUTION: Type locality and vicinity.

3. Antheropeas australe Rydberg, sp. nov.

A floccose annual; stems branched at the base; branches ascending, 5-10 cm. high, densely
floccose; leaves spatulate, 5-10 mm. long, entire, densely floccose; peduncles 1-3 cm. long;
involucre turbinate, 5 mm. high and broad, densely floccose; bracts 8-10 mm. long; receptacle
low-conic, obtuse; ray-flowers 8-10; ligules yellow, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; disk-
corollas scarcely 2 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes 2 mm. long, obtusely angled,
decidedly appressed-hairy; squamellae 8-10, elliptic, obtuse, erose, nearly 1 mm. long.

Type collected in the mountains of northern Lower California, 1884, Orcutt (herb. Columbia
Univ.).

DISTRIBUTION: Northern Lower California and San Jacinto Mountains, California.

4. Antheropeas lanosum (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Burrielia lanosa A. Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 107. 1857.
Actinolepis lanosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 198. 1874.
Eriophyllum lanosum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.
A loosely floccose annual; stems slender, branched, 5-15 cm. high, ascending or erect;
leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, loosely

Par? 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 99
floccose; peduncles 1-5 cm. long; involucre campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, 6-7 mm. broad;
bracts about 10; receptacle convex; ray-flowers about 10; ligules white, 5 mm. long,
3 mm. wide; disk-corollas nearly 3 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes 3-3.5 mm.
long, sparingly appressed-hirsute; pappus of 4 or 5 slender subulate squamellae, produced into
scabrous awns, equaling the corolla, and of as many or more obtuse ones about 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Gravelly hills near the Colorado of the West.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona to southern Utah, southern California, and Lower California.

5. Antheropeas tenuifolium Rydberg, sp. nov.

A loosely floccose annual; stems very slender, eTect, few-branched, about 1 dm. high;
leaves narrowly linear, 5-15 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, loosely floccose; peduncles 1—2
cm. long; involucre campanulate, 5 mm. high, 3-4 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, acute; ray-flowers
mostly 8; ligules white, 2-3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, 3-toothed at the apex; disk-corollas
yellow, scarcely 2 mm. long; tube nearly glabrous; throat glandular-puberulent; achenes
3 mm. long; pappus of 4 linear squamellae on the angles, 0.6—-0.7 mm. long, and of 4 oblong-
cuneate erose slightly shorter ones alternating with them.

Type collected at San Sebastian, Lower California, April 28, 1889, T. S. Brandegee (U.S. Nat.
Herb. no. 48235).

57. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS A. Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep.
4-106. Aoo7
Microbahia Cockerell, Muhlenbergia 3: 9. 1907.

Low branched floccose annuals. Leaves alternate, from linear to spatulate, entire or
3-lobed at the apex. Heads radiate, solitary at the ends of the branches, short-peduncled.
Involucre campanulate; bracts 5-8, oblong, concave and partly enfolding the ray-achenes.
Receptacle flat. Ray-flowers 5-8, pistillate and fertile; ligules yellow, or purplish, rose, and
white, oval, mostly 3-lobed at the summit. Disk-flowers about 20; corolla-tube very short,
much shorter than the elongate-funnelform throat. Anther-tips linear-lanceolate. Style-
tips elongate-lanceolate, flattened. Achenes linear, obpyramidal, 5-ribbed, hairy. Pappus-
squamellae dissected into numerous barbellate bristles united at the base into a ring, falling
off together, or wanting.

Type species, Syutrichopappus Fremontii A. Gray.

Rays yellow; pappus present.

1. S. Fremontit.
Rays rose or flesh-colored with white margins; pappus wanting. PETS),

Lemmont.

1. Syntrichopappus Fremontii A. Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep.
4: 106. 1857.

A low, diffusely branched, floccose annual; stems 3-10 cm. high, sparingly floccose, in
age glabrate; leaves broadly linear or spatulate, 5-15 mm. long, entire or 3-lobed at the apex,
loosely floccose; heads short-peduncled; involucre narrowly campanulate, 5-6 mm. high,
4 mm. broad, sparingly floccose; bracts mostly 5, oblong, scarious-margined, acute; ray-
flowers mostly 5; ligules golden-yellow, 3-4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long,
glandular-puberulent; tube very short, much shorter than the funnelform throat; achenes
3 mm. long, angled, clavate, hirsute; squamellae dissected into 35-40 bright-white bristles,
4 mm. long, united at the base and falling off together.

TPE LocaLity: ‘‘Somewhere between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.”
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Utah, Arizona, and southern California.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: pl. 15; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 4: f. 124, B.

2. Syntrichopappus Lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 20.
1883.

Actinolepis Lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 101. 1880.
Microbahia Lemmoni Cockerell, Muhlenbergia 3: 9. 1907.

A low loosely floccose annual, branched, only 3-4 cm. high, glabrate in age; leaves linear
to linear-spatulate, entire, in age glabrate; heads short-peduncled; involucre campanulate,

100 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34

4-5 mm. high, 3 mm. broad; bracts 6-8, narrowly oblong, scarious-margined; ray-flowers
7 or 8; ligules 3 mm. long, usually flesh-colored above, rose and with darker veins beneath,
the margins white; disk-corollas pale-yellow, about 3 mm. long; tube very short, much shorter
than the funnelform throat; achenes 2.5 mm. long, angled, clavate, glabrous; pappus wanting.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mojave Desert, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Mojave Desert.

Subtribe 12. TETRANEURANAE. Heads mostly radiate, rarely dis-
coid. Involucre usually hemispheric or nearly so, rarely campanulate; bracts
narrow (except in Plateilema), erect or ascending (more spreading in Ryd-
bergia), rarely with loose tips but not reflexed. Ray-flowers pistillate, perfect;
ligules yellow, usually broad, rather strongly veined. Disk-flowers hermaphro-
dite, fertile or in Plummera sterile, mostly yellow; corolla-tube short, usually
glandular, usually less than one-fifth the length of the tubular, tubular-funnel-
form, or tubular-campanulate throat. Achenes obpyramidal, distinctly angled,
only 2-3 times as long as broad, pubescent with long ascending hairs, usually
densely so. Pappus of mostly 5 scarious squamellae.

Squamellae of the pappus dissected into numerous bristles; plant white-

floccose; heads discoid. 58. TRICHOPTILIUM.
Squamellae of the pappus not dissected; plant not floccose; heads usually
radiate.
Bracts ovate, all united at the base; leaves pinnately round-lobed,
resembling leaves of the white oak. 59. PLATEILEMA.

Bracts narrower, the inner ones at least distinct.
All bracts distinct.
Bracts soft and herbaceous, not awn-tipped.
Bracts few; corolla flesh-colored; rays wanting. (Page 64.) 45. CHAMAECHAENACTIS.
Bracts numerous; corollas yellow; rays usually present.
Leaves entire; squamellae short, obtuse or abruptly

contracted into a point. 60. TETRANEURIS.
Leaves pinnatifid; squamellae linear-lanceolate, attenu-
ate but not awn-tipped. 61. RYDBERGIA.
Bracts rather stiff and the inner awn-pointed. 62. MACDOUGALIA.
Outer bracts united below; leaves usually pinnatifid with narrow
divisions.

Disk-flowers fertile. 63. HyMENOXYS.
Disk-flowers sterile. 64. PLUMMERA.
58. TRICHOPTILIUM A, Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv.
97. 1859.

Low and spreading floccose annuals. Leaves alternate or the lower opposite, incised-
dentate. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches, peduncled, discoid. Involucre hemi-
spheric; bracts about 20, in 2 subequal series, the inner narrower and thinner, all flat. Re-
‘ ceptacle flat, naked. Ray-flowers wanting. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite, fertile; corolla-
tube very short; throat elongate, trumpet-shaped; lobes short, spreading, the marginal ones
somewhat enlarged. Anther-tips oblong-lanceolate. Style-branches linear, obtuse. Achenes
obpyramidal, villous-hirsute. Pappus-squamellae 5, lanceolate, dissected into unequal
bristles.
Type species, Psathyrotes incisa A. Gray.

1. Trichoptilium incisum A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv.
Ges 859.
Psathyrotes incisa A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 322. 1854.

A floecose annual, branched from the base; stem 1-1.5 dm. high, villous-floccose; leaves
oblanceolate or spatulate, narrowed below into a margined petiole, 1-5 cm. long, densely
white-floccose, acute, incised-dentate; peduncles 4-7 cm. long, glandular-puberulent; involucre
7 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute or the inner obtuse;
flowers 30-40; corollas 4 mm. long, puberulent; achenes 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, obpyra-
midal, 5-angled and striate; pappus nearly as long as the corolla.

TYPE LOCALITY: Californian Desert near the Colorado River.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California, Arizona, and Lower California.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Pacif. R. R. Rep. 5: pl. 5; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 45: f. 125, L.

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 101

59. PLATEILEMA (A. Gray) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 462.
; 1904.
Actinella § Plateilema A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 31. 1883.

Depressed subscapose perennials, with a multicipital cespitose rootstock. Leaves alter.
nate, crowded at the base, pinnately lobed. Heads radiate, on short scapes. Involucre turbi-
nate; bracts 10-12, in two equal series, broad, thick and rounded on the back, all united at the
base. Receptacle convex. Ray-flowers 10-12, pistillate, fertile; ligules oblong-cuneate, 3-lobed,
strongly 4-nerved. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla-tube glabrous, much shorter
than the campanulate-cylindric glandular-puberulent throat; lobes 5, glandular-hispidulous,
Style-branches truncate. Achenes elongate-obpyramidal, 4—5-angled, striate, hirsute but
not densely so. Pappus of 4 or 5 oblong, truncate, erose, chartaceous-scarious, not nerved
squamellae.

Type species, Actinella Palmeri A. Gray.

1. Plateilema Palmeri (A. Gray) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31:
462. 1904.

Actinella Palmert A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 31. 1883.

A depressed subscapose perennial, with a cespitose rootstock; leaves obovate in outline,
4-5 cm. long, pinnately round-lobed, firm, resembling oak-leaves, very sparingly hispid or
glabrate; scape 2-4 cm. long; involucre about 8 mm. high and 15 mm. broad, sparingly his-
pidulous, especially on the margins; bracts broadly ovate, acute, with spreading tips; ligules
7-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3.5 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, less than
1 mm. broad; squamellae 2 mm. long, brown.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Saltillo, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: State of Coahuila.

60. TETRANEURIS Greene, Pittonia 3: 265. 1898.
Actinella Nutt. Gen. 2: 173, in part. 1818. Not Actinella Pers. 1807.

Perennial or annual, caulescent or scapose, more or less villous or silky herbs. Leaves
usually entire, rarely some of them lobed, alternate, either clustered at the base, or scattered
along the stem, or both. Heads radiate, rarely discoid, on slender peduncles. Involucre
hemispheric, or nearly so; bracts several in two subequal series, distinct, densely villous or
silky. Receptacle convex, naked. Ray-flowers 10-20, pistillate and fertile; ligules yellow,
oblong, broad, 3- (rarely 4-) toothed, usually somewhat pubescent at least below; nerves 4,
rarely more, with the branches connecting in the teeth. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite
and fertile; corollas with a very short tube, an elongate almost tubular or slightly funnelform
throat, and 5 short pubescent lobes. Anther-tips broad, triangular or ovate. Style-branches
dilated-truncate, somewhat penicillate at the tips. Achenes obpyramidal, 5-angled, about 3
times as long as broad, densely hirsute. Pappus of about 5 hyaline squamellae, with a strong
midrib, which sometimes is produced into an awn.

Type species, Gaillardia acaulis Pursh.

Perennials, with a cespitose rootstock or caudex.
Heads sessile among the leaves.
Plant villous; rays longer than the involucre. :
Plant densely sericeous; rays not exceeding the involucre. Ze
Heads distinctly peduncled.
Stems scapiform, leafy only at the base.
Leaves appressed-silky.
Leaves not strongly 3-nerved on the broadened bases.
Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long; scape
stout, 5-10 cm. high. 3:
Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate; scape 10-20 cm. high.
Leaves silvery-silky; ligules 6-8 mm. long.
Leaves greenish, sparingly silky; ligules 8-10 mm. long.
Leaves strongly 3-nerved on the broadened bases, narrowly
linear-oblanceolate.
Leaves loosely villous or glabrate.
Leaves, scape, and involucre decidedly villous.
Ligules 10-15 mm. long, conspicuously veined; plant not
conspicuously cespitose, forming small tufts.

. depressa.
. pygmaea.

sles |

. septentrionalis,

. acaulis.
. simplex.

QD np
See

. trinervata,

“I
=

. Scaposa,

102 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

Ligules 5-8, or rarely 9-10 mm. long, not conspicuously
veined; plant densely cespitose, forming large
cushions.
Involucre more than 1 cm. broad; scape 3-8 cm. long;
plant densely cespitose-pulvinate; leaves not con-
spicueusly broad-based. 8. T. lanigera.
Involucre less than 1 cm. broad; scape 1—3 cm. (rarely
3-5 cm.) long; plant loosely cespitose; leaves con-
spicuously broad-based. 9. T. brevifolia.
Leaves glabrous or sparingly villous; scape finely pubescent or
villous (long-villous only in T. Torreyana).
Branches of the caudex decidedly villous at the ends with
long, at first white, but later brownish hairs.
Pappus-scales lanceolate, not awned; scape villous.

Bracts linear-oblong; pappus-squamellae acuminate. 10. T. Torreyana.
Bracts elliptic-oblong; pappus-squamellae obtuse
or acute. 11. T. herbacea.
Pappus-scales oval, awned; scape silky.
Bracts oval. 12. T. arizonica.
Bracts linear-oblong. 13. T. Crandallii.

Branches of the caudex not conspicuously ‘villous.
Bases of the leaves not wider than the oblanceolate
or almost linear blades; branches of the caudex
short and stout.
Leaves glabrous, scarcely punctate; bracts slightly
shorter than the disk; ligules not strongly nerved. 14. T. epunctata.
Leaves long-hairy, distinctly punctate; bracts three-
fourths as long as the disk; ligules strongly nerved. 15. T. angustifolia.
Bases of the leaves 2—4 times as wide as the linear leaf-
blades; branches of the caudex or rootstock elon-

gate.
Perennial with a caudex; squamellae lanceolate,
acuminate.
Caudex branched underground, with erect
branches. 16. T. fastigiata.
Caudex with scaly, ascending or decumbent,
above-ground branches. 17. T. linearis.
Perennial with a slender rootstock; squamellae
ovate, awn-tipped. 18. T. angustata.
Stems 2-3 dm. high, with 2-6 stem-leaves.
Plant appressed-silky, silvery. 19. T. argentea.

Plant green, loosely pilose.
Stem-leaves narrowly oblanceolate; basal leaves oblanceolate;
caudex without hair-tufts. 20. T. formosa.
Stem-leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate; caudex
conspicuously hair-tufted.
Basal leaves oblanceelate to linear-oblanceolate, more than

5 mm. wide; involucre hemispheric. 21. T. leptoclada.
Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, less than 5 mm.
wide; involucre narrower. 22. T. Ivemana.

Annuals or biennials (or sometimes perennials?), with a tap-root.
Plants branching near the base, the basal leaves not rosulate.
Leaves linear or nearly so; stem sparingly hairy, branched through-
out; involucre 5—~7 mm. broad; awn-tips as long as the squamellae. 23. T. linearifolia.
Leaves, at least the lower ones, oblanceolate or spatulate; stem
branched above; involucre fully 1 cm. broad; pappus-awns shorter
than the squamellae. 24. T. latior.
Plants with a distinct basal rosette of villous oblanceolate leaves;
stem branched some distance up; stem-leaves linear; involucre
1 cm. broad.
Basal leaves broadly oblanceolate, entire. 25. T. oblongifolia.
Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, some of them lobed. 26. T. Dodget.

1. Tetraneuris depressa (T. & G.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 266. 1898.
Actinella depressa 'T. & G.; A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 100. 1849.

A densely pulvinate acaulescent perennial, the branches of the caudex densely covered
with long brown hairs; leaves densely clustered, linear, 1-2 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, glabrate,
conspicuously punctate; heads sessile among the leaves; involucre 1 cm. broad or less: ligules
6-7 mm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute, 2 mm. long; squamellae ovate,
tapering into an awn, including the awn 3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rocky Mountains, the locality unknown [probably Utah].
DISTRIBUTION: Utah.

PaRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 103

2. Tetraneuris pygmaea (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley, Contr.
U, S. Nat.. Herb, 16:.193. - 1913.

Actinella depressa pygmaea A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 100. 1849,

A densely pulvinate acaulescent perennial, the branches covered with matted hairs; leaves
densely clustered on the caudex, 1-1.5 cm. long, linear or linear-oblanceolate from a broad
base, silky and punctate; heads sessile among the leaves; involucre nearly 1 cm. broad; ligules
about 3 mm. long, obovate, 3-toothed; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute,
2 mm. long; squamellae nearly 3 mm. long, ovate, with a short awn-tip.

TYPE LOCALITY: Raton Mountains, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico.

3. Tetraneuris septentrionalis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 447.
1910.

Actinella acaulis A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 558, mainly. 1909. Not A. acaulis Nutt. 1818.

An acaulescent cespitose-pulvinate perennial, with a thick caudex; leaves spatulate, or
oblanceolate, mostly rounded at the apex, 1.5-—4 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, canescently silky-
villous, subvelutinous; scape 5-10 cm. high, rather thick, appressed silky-canescent; involucre
6-7 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad, densely villous; bracts elliptic, rounded at the apex; ligules
8-10 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, strongly veined; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube 0.5 mm. long;
throat sparingly glandular-hirsutulous; achenes 3 mm. long, fully 1 mm. broad, densely hirsute;
squamellae broadly oval, nearly 2 mm. long, the midvein usually produced into an awn-tip.

TYPE LOCALITY: Palouse Country, Idaho.
DISTRIBUTION: Saskatchewan, Montana, northern Wyoming and Idaho.

4. Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 3: 265. 1898.

Gaillardia acaulis Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 743. 1814.
Actinella acaulis Nutt. Gen. 2: 173. 1818.
Actinea acaulis Spreng. Syst. 3: 574. 1826.
Cephalophora acaulis DC. Prodr. 5: 663. 1836.
Ptilepida acaulis Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 339. 1894.
Picradenia acanlis Britton; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 3: 449. 1898.
Tetraneuris incana A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 128. 1899.
Tetraneuris eradiata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 37: 275. 1904.
Actinella eradiata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 559. 1909.
Actinella incana A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 559. 1909. |

An acaulescent cespitose-pulvinate perennial, with a thick woody caudex; leaves crowded
at the base, linear-oblanceolate or nearly linear, 2-5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, densely silky-
canescent, mostly erect; scape 1-2 dm. high, appressed-silky, slender; involucre densely villous,
6-7 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts lance-elliptic, acute; ligules 8-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm.
wide, or sometimes wanting; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube 0.6 mm. long; throat puberulent;
achenes 2.5 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 1.5 mm. long, lanceolate or ovate, the
midrib produced into an awn nearly as long.

TYPE LocaLity: ‘Upper Louisiana’”’ [North Dakota].

DISTRIBUTION: North Dakota to Texas, New Mexico, and Montana.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Hl. Fl. f. 3970; ed. 2, f. 4539; Clements, Rocky Mt. FI.
Diactly face

-

5. Tetraneuris simplex A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 127. 1899.
A @tnella simplex A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 558. 1909.

An acaulescent cespitose perennial; leaves crowded on the caudex, somewhat appressed-
pubescent but not silky, in age glabrate, ascending or erect, linear-oblanceolate, tapering
into margined petioles, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; scape 1.5-2 dm., rarely 2.5 dm., high,
slender, more or less silky; involucre 7-8 mm. high, 12-i5 mm. broad; ligules 8-10 mm. long,
5-7 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; achenes nearly 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamel-
lae ovate, tapering into an awn, including the awn fully 3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Not given; but type was collected on the Laramie Hills, Wyoming.
DISTRIBUTION: South Dakota to Colorado and Wyoming.

104 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

6. Tetraneuris trinervata Greene, Pittonia 3: 267. 1898.

A subacaulescent perennial, with a short thick caudex covered with remnants of leaves
and long brown hairs; leaves crowded on the caudex, very narrowly linear-spatulate, 3-5 cm.
long, 1-2 mm. wide, with a broader 3-ribbed base, densely silky-canescent or the bases glabrate;
scape 5-12 cm. long, appressed-silky; involucre about 6 mm. high and 10 mm. broad; ligules
about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, sparingly pubescent; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes
densely hirsute, 2.5 mm. long; squamellae about 2 mm. long, lanceolate, merely awn-pointed.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sandia Mountains, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Colorado and New Mexico.

7. Tetraneuris scaposa (DC.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 266. 1898.

Cephalophora scaposa DC. Prodr. 5: 633. 1836.

Actinella scaposa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 379. 1841.
Gaillardia Roemeriana Scheele, Linnaea 22: 161. 1849.

Actinella lanuginosa Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 459. 1862.
Ptilepida scaposa Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 340. 1894.
Picradenia scaposa Britton; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 3: 449. 1898.

An acaulescent perennial, with a short and somewhat branched but not thick caudex;
leaves densely crowded at the base, oblanceolate, entire or some of them 3-5-lobed, 3-5 em.
long, covered with long loose white, or in age, ferruginous hairs; scape 5-15 cm. long, long-
villous with ascending hairs; involucre 6-7 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad, densely villous;
ligules 10-15 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, conspicuously nerved; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, puberu-
lent; tube 0.5 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute, 3 mm. long; squamellae ovate, 2 mm. long,
the midrib excurrent into a short awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and New Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3969.

8. Tetraneuris lanigera Daniels, Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 2?:
245.) MOTE
Actinella lanata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 379. 1841. Not A. lanata Pursh. 1814.
Telraneuris lanata Greene, Pittonia 3: 265. 1898. ;

A densely cespitose acaulescent perennial, with a very thick woody caudex; leaves crowded
at the base, narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, sparingly long-villous,
in age sometimes glabrate, but the base always with long hairs; scape 3-8 cm. (rarely 8-15
em.) long, long-villous; involucre long-villous, 7-8 mm. high, 10-18 mm. broad, densely
villous; ligules 6-8 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, puberulent; tube
nearly 1 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute, 4 mm. long; squamellae lanceolate, acuminate,
3-4 mm. long.

TYPE LocALity: “Three Buttes” of the Upper Platte [Wyoming].
DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.

9. Tetraneuris brevifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 266. 1898.

Actinea integrifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 213. 1827. Not A. integrifolia H.B.K. 1820.
Tetraneuris acaulis caespitosa A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 127. 1899.
Actinella acaulis caespitosa A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 558. 1909.

An acaulescent perennial, with a strongly cespitose woody caudex, usually branching under-
ground, and forming tussocks; branches densely covered by remnants of old leaves; leaves
crowded, linear-spatulate, 1-2 cm. long, long-hairy, with conspicuous broad bases; scape 1-3
em. (rarely 3-5 cm.) long, loosely villous; involucre 6-7 mm. high, 7-10 mm. broad, densely
villous; ligules 4-5 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, puberulent; tube
0.5 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute, 2.5 mm. long; squamellae lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long,
acuminate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Summit of a bleak ridge above timberline, Pikes Peak," Colorado.
DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming and Colorado.

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 105

10. Tetraneuris Torreyana (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 265. 1898.

Actinella Torreyana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 379. 1841.
Actinella glabra A. Nelson, Firs Rep. Fl. Wyo. 137. 1896. Not A. glabra Nutt. 1841.

An acaulescent cespitose perennial, with a thick caudex, forming tussocks; caudex covered
with leaf-remnants and tufts of brown hairs; leaves sparingly long-pilose when young, soon
glabrate and conspicuously punctate, narrowly linear-spatulate, 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide;
scape 2-5 cm. (rarely 5-8 cm.) long, villous; involucre 7-10 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad;
bracts linear-oblong, obtuse, scarious-margined, sometimes tinged with red; ligules 10-12
mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube about | mm. long; achenes densely
hirsute, 3 mm. long; squamellae lance-ovate, acuminate, 3 mm. long.

TYPE LocaLity: ‘Three Buttes” of the Upper Platte [Wyoming].
DISTRIBUTION: Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah.

11. Tetraneuris herbacea Greene, Pittonia 3: 268. 1898.

Actinella scaposa glabra A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 263. 1867.
Actinella acaulis glabra A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 287. 1890.
Actinea herbacea B. 1,. Robinson, Rhodora 10: 68. 1908.

A cespitose but not pulvinate acaulescent perennial; caudex only sparingly long-hairy;
leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, sparingly villous but soon
glabrate and punctate; scape 10-15 cm. high, villous-pilose above; involucre 7-8 mm. high,
15-18 mm. wide, villous; bracts elliptic-oblong, barely scarious-margined; ligules 10-15
mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, the veins 6-12, partly disconnected; disk-corollas 5 mm. long,
glandular-puberulent; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae ovate, acute or obtuse,
2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Central Illinois.
DISTRIBUTION: Illinois to Ohio.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. f. 4540.

12. Tetraneuris arizonica Greene, Pittonia 3: 266. 1898.
Tetraneuris pilosa Greene; Rydb. Fl. Colo. 378. 1906.

An acaulescent cespitose-pulvinate perennial; branches of the caudex densely covered
by remnants of old leaves and copious long hairs at first white, in age brown; leaves densely
clustered, linear-oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 2-5 mm. (seldom 6 mm.) wide, sparingly long-
silky, in age glabrate; scape 5—15 cm. (rarely 15-20 cm.) long, more or less silky-pilose; involucre
7-8 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad, more or less densely villous; bracts oval or elliptic, obtuse,
often tinged with red on the margins; ligules about 10 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; disk-corollas
4 mm. long; tube very short; achenes densely hirsute, 3-3.5 mm. long; squamellae broadly
obovate, 2 mm. long, abruptly contracted into an awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Treadwell, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Colorado and New Mexico to Nevada and Arizona.

13. Tetraneuris Crandallii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 127. 1905.

An acaulescent cespitose-pulvinate perennial; branches of the caudex densely white-
hairy; leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, sparingly long-hairy,
soon glabrate; scape 1—3 dm. long, sparingly strigose; involucre about 8 mm. high, 10-12 mm.
broad, sparingly silky-villous; ligules about 15 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide; bracts linear-oblong;
disk-corollas 4 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute, 4 mm. long; squamellae ovate, abruptly
acuminate into an awn; body 1.5—2 mm. long.

TYPE LocaLity: Grand Junction, Colorado.
DISTRIBUTION: Colorado.

14. Tetraneuris epunctata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 37: 275. 1904.

Tetraneuris glabra Greene, Pittonia 3: 268, in part. 1898. Not Actinella glabra Nutt. 1841.
Tetraneuris glabriuscula Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 155. 1906.
Actinella epunctata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 560. 1909.

An acaulescent cespitose perennial; leaves crowded, glabrate and bright-green, incon-
spicuously if at all punctate, linear-oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, scarcely at all

106 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

hairy at the base; scape about 1 dm. high, sparingly silky; involucre 7-8 mm. high, 12-15 mm.
broad, silky; bracts elliptic or oblong, acute or obtuse; ligules about 12 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 3 mm. long,
obovate, abruptly acuminate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Dyer Mine in the Uintah Mountains, Utah.
DISTRIBUTION: Colorado and Utah.

15. Tetraneuris angustifolia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 128.
£905;

An acaulescent cespitose perennial, but the branches of the caudex rather slender, short;
leaves clustered, linear-oblanceolate to linear, 4-10 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, loosely and
sparingly long-villous, or glabrate in age, not densely villous at the base; scape 2-3 dm. long,
strigose; involucre hemispheric, 6 mm. high, about 10 mm. broad, densely villous; bracts
oblong, obtuse, densely villous; ligules about 1 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, conspicuously 4-
nerved; disk-corollas 3.5 mm. long; tube 1 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute;
squamellae 2 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate. .

TYPE LOCALITY: White Mountains, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas.

16. Tetraneuris fastigiata Greene, Pittonia 3: 268. 1898.

Tetraneuris stenophylla Rydb.; Britton, Man. 1009. 1901.
Actinella fastigiata A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 560. 1909.

An acaulescent perennial, branching underground; leaves crowded; blades narrowly
linear, 2-4 cm. long and about 2 mm. wide, sparingly long-hairy, glabrate, conspicuously
punctate, the bases broadened and 3-ribbed; scape 5-10 cm. high, strigose; involucre 6 mm.
high, 10-12 mm. broad; bracts oval, obtuse or acutish, more or less villous; ligules about
10 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube very short; achenes 3 mm. long,
densely hirsute; squamellae 2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Coolidge County, Kansas.
DISTRIBUTION: Plains of Kansas and Colorado.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. f. 4538.

17. Tetraneuris linearis (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 267. 1898.

Actinella scaposa linearis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 379. 1841.
Piilepida linearis Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 340. 1894.
Actinella linearis A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 560. 1909.

A scapose cespitose perennial, with a woody branching caudex, almost suffruticose; branches
elongate, 5-15 cm. long, ascending or decumbent; leaves crowded; blades narrowly linear,
sparingly long-hairy and conspicuously punctate; scape 10-15 ecm. long, strigose; involucre
5-6 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad, villous; bracts elliptic, acute; ligules 8-10 mm. long, 4-6
mm. wide, strongly veined; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, puberulent; tube very short; achenes
densely hirsute, 3 mm. long; squamellae lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas, New Mexico, Chihuahua, and Coahuila.

18. Tetraneuris angustata Greene, Pittonia 3: 267. 1898.

A perennial, with a rather slender cespitose rootstock; leaves narrowly linear, 5-10 cm.
long, about 1 mm. wide, sparingly hairy and punctate; scape about 2 dm. long, slender; in-
volucre 5-6 mm. high, about 10 mm. broad, densely silky-villous; bracts elliptic, obtuse;
ligules 10-12 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube
less than 1 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, hirsute; squamellae ovate, 1.5 mm. long, the midrib
produced into a short awn..

TyPE LocaLity: State of Chihweahua.
DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua.

AR 2. L915) CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 107

19. Tetraneuris argentea (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 269. 1898.

Actinella argentea A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. IT. 4: 100. 1849.
Ptilepida argentea A. Heller, Pl. World 1: 22. 1897.

A caulescent cespitose perennial, with a short caudex; stem 1-2 dm. high, densely silky;
basal leaves linear-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, silvery-silky;
stem-leaves 3-10, linear or linear-oblanceolate; peduncles 2—10 cm. long; involucre 6-7 mm.
high, 10-12 mm. broad, silky; bracts elliptic, acute; ligules about 10 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide;
disk-corollas 4 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 3 mm. long, ovate,
abruptly acuminate into a short awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Fé, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico.

20. Tetraneuris formosa Greene; Wooton & Standley, Contr.
Use Nae. Eterb:. 16°. 192.) -19135.

A caulescent cespitose perennial, with a short woody caudex, not conspicuously long-
hairy; stem about 2 dm. high, loosely pubescent; basal leaves spatulate, 4-6 cm. long, 5-9 mm.
wide, obtuse, green, sparingly pilose on both sides, punctate; stem-leaves 3-5, linear-oblanceo-
late; involucre 7-8 mm. high, about 12 mm. broad; bracts oblong, obtuse, densely silky-
villous; ligules fully 15 mm. long, 7-8 mm. wide, conspicuously 4—5-veined; disk-corollas
4 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute, 3 mm. long; squamellae fully 2 mm. long, ovate, abruptly
acuminate.

TyPE LocaLtry: Hills near Kingston, Sierra County, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico.

21. Tetraneuris leptoclada (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia
F269. ESS:

Actinella leptoclada A. Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 107. 1857.
Tetraneuris mancosensis A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 129. 1899.
Tetraneuris intermedia Greene, Pl. Baker. 3: 29. 1901.

A caulescent cespitose perennial, with a thick woody caudex, with dense tufts of long hairs;
stem 2-3 dm. high, sparingly hairy or glabrate, glandular-granuliferous; basal leaves oblance-
olate or linear-oblanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, sparingly hairy or glabrate, con-
spicuously punctate; involucre about 7 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad, villous; bracts elliptic;
ligules 8-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, densely
hirsute; squamellae fully 3 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate into a short awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Antonita, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Colorado and New Mexico.

22. Tetraneuris Ivesiana Greene, Pittonia 3: 269. 1898.

A caulescent cespitose perennial, with a woody caudex, long-hairy on the leaf-bases; stems
1-3 dm. high, sparingly pubescent; leaves all narrowly linear or lance-linear, 5-10 cm. long,
1-4 mm. wide, erect; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucre somewhat turbinate, 5-6 mm. high,
7-8 mm. broad, silky-villous; bracts elliptic, obtuse; ligules about 10 mm. long, 4-6 mm.
wide, strongly veined; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae
lanceolate, acuminate into an awn, together with this 4 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Zufii [Arizona].
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.

23. Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 269.
1898.

Hymenoxys linearifolia Hook. Ic. pl. 146. 1837.

Actinella linearifolia T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 383. 1842.

Ptilepida linearifolia Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 340. 1894.
Picradenia linearifolia Britton; Britt. & Brown, Ill. F!. 3: 448. 1898.

A slender and branched annual, with a tap-root, in Mexico perhaps becoming peren-
nial; stem sparingly long-hairy, 2-3 dm. high; Iower leaves linear-oblanceolate, short-petioled,

108 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUMK 34

2-4 cm. long, sparingly long-hairy; upper leaves narrowly linear; peduncles 3-10 em. long;
involucre 5 mm. high, 5-7 mm. broad, silky-villous; bracts oblong; ligules 5-6 mm. long, 3
mm. wide; disk-corollas 2 mm. long; achenes 2 mm. long, densely hairy; squamellae lanceolate
or ovate, 1 mm. long, excluding the awn produced by the excurrent midrib.

TYPE LOCALITY: San Felipe, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Oklahoma, Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Ic. pl. 146; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3968; ed. 2. f. 4537.

24. Tetraneuris latior (Cockerell) Rydberg, sp. nov.
Tetraneuris linearifolia latior Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 111. 1904.

A branched annual, with a tap-root; stem 2-3 dm. high, leafy, sparingly long-hairy or gla-
brate; leaves, all except the uppermost, linear-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 2-6
mm. wide; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; involucre 6 mm. high, 10 mm. broad, silky-villous; ligules

8-10 mm. long, about 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, densely
hirsute; squamellae ovate; midvein excurrent into a short awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Kerrville, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Nuevo Leon.

25. Tetraneuris oblongifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 269. 1898.
Tetraneuris linearifolia oblongifolia Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 112. 1904.

A biennial or perhaps even a perennial, with a tap-root; stem 3 dm. high, simple at the
base, often branched above; basal leaves clustered, oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide,
copiously covered by long brownish hairs; stem-leaves linear, 1-2 mm. wide; peduncles 5-12
em. long; involucre 4-5 mm. high, 6-10 mm. broad; ligules 8-9 mm. long, about 4 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes 2 mm. long, densely silky;
squamellae 1.5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate into a short awn-point.

TYPE LOCALITY: Guajuco, Nuevo Leon.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and New Mexico to Nuevo Leon.

26. Tetraneuris Dodgei (Cockerell) Rydberg, sp. nov.
Tetraneuris linearifolia Dodgei Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 112. 1904.

A caulescent biennial, with a tap-root; stem 2-3 dm. high, sparingly long-villous, simple
below, branched above; basal leaves clustered, narrowly oblanceolate, some of them usually
lobed, 3-5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, conspicuously long-hairy; stem-leaves narrowly linear,
1—2 mm. wide; peduncles 5—10 em. long; involucre about 5 mm. high and 10 mm. broad, villous;
bracts oblong, obtuse; ligules about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long;
achenes 2 mm. long, densely hirsute; Sanam obovate, the body 1 mm. long, the midrib
excurrent into an awn fully as long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Monterey, Nuevo Leon.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Nuevo Leon.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

ACTINELLA GLABRA Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil Soc. II. 7: 379. 1841. This was described
as a perennial having stem-leaves, and should therefore be related to 7. argentea and T. lepto-
clada, but none of this group has been collected anywhere near the type locality of A. glabra.
in eastern Kansas.

61. RYDBERGIA Greene, Pittonia 3: 270. 1898.

Stout caulescent perennials with tap-roots. Leaves alternate, once or twice ternately or
quinately divided into linear divisions or some of them entire. NHeads radiate, solitary,
terminating the branches. Involucre depressed-hemispheric or nearly rotate; bracts in
about 3 series, linear, distinct, subequal or the inner shorter, densely woolly. Receptacle
convex or hemispheric, naked. Ray-flowers 15-30, pistillate, fertile; ligules yellow, elongate,

PART’ 2,'1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 109

3-toothed, with 4 principal and a few additional veins. Disk-flowers numerous, hermaphro-
dite and fertile; corollas glabrous except the lobes; tube very short; throat elongate, cam-
panulate-cylindric; lobes 5, glandular-hispidulous. Anthers with triangular tips. Style-tips
truncate, penicillate. Achenes obpyramidal, silky-hirsute, 5-angled. Pappus of 5 lance-
subulate or linear-lanceolate attenuate squamellae with faint midrib.

Type species, Actinella grandiflora T. & G.

Basal leaves all dissected; plant villous. ~ 1. R. grandiflora.
Basal leaves, at least some of them, simple; plant more glabrate. x 2. R. Brandegei.

1. Rydbergia grandiflora (T. & G.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 270. 1898.

Actinella grandiflora T. & G.; A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 110. 1845.
Ptilepida grandiflora Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 3: 570. 1896.

A perennial, with a tap-root; stems 1—4 from the same root, villous, 2-3 dm. high, striate;
leaves 5-10 cm. long, once or twice ternately or quinately dissected into linear divisions, only
the uppermost entire; peduncles 5-10 em. long; involucre depressed-hemispheric, in age
almost rotate, 2-4 cm. in diameter; bracts linear, acuminate, densely villous; ligules bright-
yellow, 15-22 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 5 mm. long, the tube only 1 mm. long;
achenes 4 mm. long, densely silky-villous; squamellae lance-subulate, attenuate, 5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Wind River Mountains [Wyoming].
DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.
ILLUSTRATION: Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 4/, f. 7.

2. Rydbergia Brandegei (Porter) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 156.
1906.
Actinella grandiflora glabrata Porter; Porter & Coult. Syn. Fl. Colo. 76. 1874.
Actinella Brandegei Porter; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 373. 1878.
Rydbergia glabrata Greene, Pittonia 3: 270. 1898.

A perennial, with a tap-root and a somewhat cespitose caudex; stem solitary from each
branch of the caudex, 1-2 dm. high, sparingly villous; leaves 5-10 cm. long, either entire and
linear or 3-parted into linear divisions, glabrate or sparingly hairy; peduncles 3-7 cm. long,
somewhat villous; involucre depressed-hemispheric, densely brown-villous, 1.5—2 em. broad;
bracts linear, attenuate; ligules 10-18 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long;
achenes 3 mm. long; squamellae lead-colored, about 2 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, attenuate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sangre de Cristo Pass, Colorado.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.

62. MACDOUGALIA A. Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 629. 1898.

Perennial caulescent herbs, with multicipital caudex, more or less floccose when young.
Leaves alternate, narrow, entire, neither impressed-punctate nor glandular, the basal ones
crowded and their bases persistent on the caudex. Heads solitary, terminal, radiate. In-
volucre hemispheric; bracts in two series, 12-16 in each, the inner slightly longer, lanceo-
late, awn-pointed, all distinct and slightly membranous on the margins below. Receptacle
broad, obtusely conic. Ray-flowers 12-16, pistillate, fertile; ligules yellow, cuneate, 3- or
4-toothed, 4- or 5-nerved. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile; coroJla-tube very
short, glandular; throat elongate, tubular below, widening upward; lobes 5, glandular-hispid.
Anther-tips triangular. Style-branches truncate and penicillate at the apex. Achenes ob-
pyramidal, densely pubescent, 5-angled. Pappus of 5 subulate-lanceolate, hyaline, nerveless,
attenuate, and awn-pointed squamellae.

Type species, Actinella Bigelovii A. Gray.

1. Macdougalia Bigelovii (A. Gray) A. Heller, Bull. Torrey Club
252629. , 1398.

Actinella Bigelovit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 96. 1853.

A perennial multicipital herb; stems 2-4 dm. high, loosely floccose when young, striate;
leaves narrowly linear, 5-10 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; involucre

110 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

about 1 cm. high and 2 cm. broad; ligules 12-15 mm. long, 5—8 mm. wide; disk-corollas about
8 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long; squamellae 7-8 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains near the Copper Mines [Santa Rita del Cobre], New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and New Mexico.

63. HYMENOXYS Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 278. 1828.

Picradenia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 317. 1833.
Phileozera Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 459. 1862.

Caulescent annuals, biennials, or perennials. Leaves alternate, commonly pinnatifid into
narrowly linear divisions, sometimes entire or merely lobed or few-toothed. Heads in ours
radiate, solitary on peduncles ending the branches. Involucre of two series of bracts, 5-16 in
each series, the outer usually narrower and more or less united at the base, rather firm, entire,
acute; the inner broader, either similar, or else more or less erose on the margin and abruptly
acuminate or mucronate. Ray-flowers 5-16, pistillate and perfect; ligules usually conspicuous,
3-lobed and 4-nerved, with the nerves connected in the lobes. Disk-flowers many, hermaphro-
dite, perfect; corolla-tube very short, much shorter than the cylindric or slightly funnelform
throat; lobes 5, glanlular-hispidulous. Style-branches obtuse or truncate, penicillate. Achenes
obpyramidal, 5-angled, densely hirsute with ascending hairs. Pappusof 5 hyaline squamellae,
with faint or indistinct midrib, usually acute or acuminate.

Type species, Hymenopappus anthemoides Juss.

Perennials or biennials; inner bracts fimbriate or erose, abruptly acute,
acuminate, or mucronate, unlike the outer ones; disk-corollas not
expanded at the mouth.

Plant low, perennial, usually with a multicipital caudex; outer bracts
united at least one-third their length.

Plant long-hairy on the basal leaf-bases, usually decidedly cespi-
tose; squamellae usually more than half as long as the
corolla, acuminate, acute, or awn-tipped.

Outer bracts not strongly thickened on the back.
Outer bracts united to the middle; free portions ovate or
ovate-lanceolate. 1. H. Richardsoni.
Outer bracts united about a third their length; free portions
narrowly lanceolate.
Involucre 10-15 mm. broad; ligules 10-18 mm. long;

plant 1-3 dm. high. 2. H. macrantha.
Involucre 8-10 mm. broad; ligules 5—8 mm. long; plant
less than 1 dm. high. 3. H. pumila.

Outer bracts strongly thickened on the back, subcarinate.

Heads few, often solitary; ligules nearly rectangular-

oblong. 4. H. Macounii.
Heads several; ligules decidedly cuneate.
Basal leaves all or some of them dissected.

Ligules light-yellow, at least twice as long as wide;
pappus-squamellae aristate-pointed. 5. H. floribunda.

Ligules orange, half longer than wide; pappus-

squamellae acute or acuminate.
Outer bracts ovate, with broad margins; plant

cespitose. 6. H. Earlei.
Outer bracts lanceolate; plant scarcely cespitose. 7. H. Metcalfet.
Basal leaves entire. 8. H. olivacea.
Plant not long-hairy at the base, scarcely cespitose; squamellae
rarely half as long as the corolla.
Leaves all or all except the middle ones entire.
Leaves all entire, grass-like, glabrous; squamellae very
short, blunt. 9. H. Rusbyi.
Leaves pale and canescent, the middle usually few-lobed;
squamellae long-acuminate. 18. H. subintegra.
Leaves mostly divided into linear-filiform divisions.
Bracts 8-12 in each series.
Ligules 3-4 mm. long; outer bracts united to near the
middle; plant very leafy. 10. H. brachyactis.
Ligules 7-10 mm. long; plant not conspicuously leafy.
Outer bracts united to above the middle. 11. H. Vaseyt.
Outer bracts united for about one third their length. 12. H. Coopert.
Bracts usually 5 in each series. 13. H. quinquesquamata,

Plant tall, biennial or short-lived perennials; outer bracts united
only at the base.
Leaves all dissected into narrowly linear divisions.
Leaves of the stem very numerous, more or less lepidote-pubes-
cent; segments narrow, rarely more than | mm. wide.

Par? 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 111

Plant low, densely canescent; heads 1—3; squamellae not
more than half as long as the corolla, not subulate-

tipped. 14. H. canescens.
Plant tall, greener; heads several or many; squamellae
about half as long as the corolla, subulate- tipped. 15. H. biennis.

Leaves of the stem not conspicuously numerous, glabrate and
green; segments 1—3 mm. wide.

Heads large; involucre 12—15 mm. broad. 16. H. Lemmoni.
Heads small; involucre 10 mm. broad or less. 17. H. Greenei.
Leaves, at least the lower ones, entire or with broad lobes 3-8
mm. wide.
Outer bracts about 12; stem low. 18. H. subintegra.
Outer bracts 15—20; stem tall, about 5 dm. high. 19. H. helenioides.

Annuals (rarely biennials) with numerous heads; inner bracts not very
different from the outer, neither abruptly acute nor mucronate,
a evidently erose; throat of the disk-corollas somewhat funnel-
orm.
Leaves pinnatifid into linear divisions; rays conspicuous.
Heads large; involucre 12 mm. broad or more.
Squamellae awn-pointed. 20. H. chrysanthemoides.
Squamellae muticous. 21. H. insignis.
Heads small; involucre 10 mm. broad or less.
Plant annual.
Outer bracts with loose, somewhat acuminate tips; plant

often more than 3 dm. high. 22. H. excurrens.
Outer bracts with appressed acute tips; plant seldom more
than 3 dm. high. 23. H. odorata.
Plant biennial. 24. H. Davidsonii.
Leaves entire or merely toothed or lobed; rays minute. 25. H. texana.

1. Hymenoxys Richardsoni (Hook.) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
31: 468. 1904.
Picradenia Richardsoni Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 317. 1833.
Actinella Richardsoni Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 379. 1841.
Hymenopappus ligulaeflorus A. Nelson, First Rep. Fl. Wyo. 135. 1896.
Picradenia ligulaeflora A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 378. 1898.
Hymenoxys Richardsoni ligulaeflora Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 474. 1904.
Hymenoxys ligulaeflora Cockerell, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 22: 422. 1906.

A cespitose perennial, with a woody caudex; stems several, 1-2 dm. high, villous-puberulent,
striate, somewhat branched; heads few or solitary; leaves 4-10 cm. long, 3-cleft into narrowly
linear divisions, strongly punctate, sparingly puberulent or glabrate; peduncles 2-6 cm.
long; involucre 6 mm. high, 9-12 mm. broad; outer bracts 10-12, united about halfway up;
free portion of the bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acute with a slightly raised
midrib; inner bracts as many, ovate, erose-fimbriate on the margins, acute; ligules yellow, 5—-
8 mm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, puberulent; tube almost wanting; throat cylindro-
campanulate; achenes 4 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 2 mm. long, lanceolate, gradually
attenuate into an awn-point.

TYPE LOCALITY: Carlton House, Saskatchewan.
DISTRIBUTION: Saskatchewan and Alberta to Wyoming.
ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. pl. 108

2. Hymenoxys macrantha (A. Nelson) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club
33: 456:. 1906;
Picradenia macrantha A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 130. 1899.
Hymenoxys Richardsoni macrantha Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 475. 1904.

A cespitose perennial, with a short woody caudex covered with hairy leaf-bases; stems
sparingly puberulent, 1-2 dm. high; leaves 4-10 cm. long, pinnately divided into 3-5 narrowly
linear segments, sparingly hairy, soon glabrate, not conspicuously punctate, the uppermost
entire; heads several; peduncles 2-5 cm. long; involucre 7-8 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad;
outer bracts 10-12, united only about one third their length; free portion lanceolate, acute;
inner bracts elliptic, acute, scarious and erose on the margin; ray-flowers 6-10; ligules chrome-
yellow, 10-18 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4-5 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube
about 1 mm. long; achene 5 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long,
tapering into an awn-point.

TYPE LOCALITY: Fort Steele, Wyoming.
DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado.

112 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

3. Hymenoxys pumila (Greene) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 156.
1906.) o%

Picradenia pumila Greene, Pittonia 3: 271. 1898.
Hymenoxys Richardsoni pumila Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 472. 1904.

A cespitose perennial, with a short caudex covered with hairy-tufted leaf-bases; stems 1
dm. high or less, sparingly puberulent or glabrate; leaves 2-5 cm. long, ternately divided into
linear-filiform divisions or simple, glabrate and conspicuously punctate; heads solitary or
rarely 2 or 3 on each stem; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; involucre 5 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad;
outer bracts 8-10, united for about one third their length; free portion lanceolate, rounded on
the back; ligules 5-8 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas fully 3 mm. long, glandular-
puberulent; tube nearly 1 mm. long; achenes nearly 3 mm. long; squamellae 2 mm. long,
lanceolate, attenuate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rock Creek, Wyoming.
DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah.

4. Hymenoxys Macounii (Cockerell) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 37:
447. 1910.

Hymenoxys Richardsoni pumila Macounii Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 464, 474. 1904.

A cespitose perennial, resembling the next preceding species in habit; stems 1 dm. or less
high, puberulent or slightly villous; leaves 3-5 cm. long, divided into 3 linear-filiform divisions,
conspicuously punctate; involucre 6 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad, acute at the base; outer bracts
8-10, united about one third their length, decidedly acutely carinate on the back, the midvein
prominent up to the very tip; free portion lanceolate, acute; inner bracts elliptic, abruptly
acuminate, slightly erose on the margins; ligules golden-yellow, about 8 mm. long; disk-corollas
nearly 4 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; achenes 3 mm. long; squamellae about 2.5 mm. long,
lanceolate, attenuate into an awn-tip.

TYPE LOCALITY: Wood Mountain, Saskatchewan.
DISTRIBUTION: Saskatchewan and Montana.

5. Hymenoxys floribunda (A. Gray) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
S12, 485. 19:

Actinella Richardsoni floribunda A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 101. 1849.
Ptilepida floribunda A. Heller, Plant World 1: 22. 1897.

Picradenia floribunda Greene, Pittonia 3: 272. 1898.

Picradenia floribunda utilis Cockerell, Bull. Colo. Coll. Mus. 1: 1. 1903.
Picradenia intermedia A. Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 491. 1904.
Hymenoxys floribunda utilis Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 486. 1904.
Hymenoxys floribunda arizonica Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 488. 1904.
Hymenoxys floribunda intermedia Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 492. 1904.

A cespitose perennial, with a woody caudex, usually densely hairy on the basal leaf-
bases; stems about 2-3 dm. high, angled and striate, slightly pubescent and glandular-granu-
liferous; leaves very numerous, 5-10 cm. long, glabrate, strongly punctate, divided into 1-5
narrowly linear divisions; heads numerous, in flat-topped corymbs; involucre rather turbinate,
5 mm. high, 6-8 mm. broad; outer bracts carinate, united up to the middle or nearly so,
the free portions ovate, acute; inner bracts oval, erose on the margins, mucronate; ligules 7-10
mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3.5 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube about 1 mm.
long; achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 2 mm. long, lanceolate or ovate,
acuminate, aristate-pointed.

TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Fé, New Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico and Arizona.
ILLUSTRATION: Bull. Torrey Club 31: l/l. 20.

6. Hymenoxys Earlei Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 492. 1904.
Picradenia Earlei Cockerell, Bull. Colo. Coll. Mus. 1: 1. 1903.
A cespitose perennial, with a short caudex, and with villous basal leaf-bases; stems several,

leafy, 2-3 dm. high, puberulent and glandular-granuliferous, striate; leaves 5-8 mm. long,
glabrate and punctate, dissected into 3-7 linear segments occasionally 2 mm. wide; heads

ParT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 113

in flat-topped corymbs; involucre 5 mm. high, 8 mm. broad; outer bracts carinate, united one
third their length or a little more, the free portions broadly ovate; inner bracts broadly oval,
erose; ligules orange, broadly cuncate, 7-8 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm.
long, densely glandular-puberulent; achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 2
mm. long, ovate, acute.

TYPE Locality: Mancos, Colorado.

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Colorado.
ILLUSTRATION: Bull. Torrey Club 31: pl. 2/, f. 1.

7. Hymenoxys Metcalfei Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 492.
1904.

A perennial, with a thick root and short caudex but scarcely cespitose; stems 1-3, leafy,
1.5-3.5 dm. high, villous-puberulent, scarcely glandular; leaves 5-10 cm. long, divided into
3-5 linear divisions, or some of the basal ones and the uppermost entire; segments 1-2 mm.
wide; heads many, in a flat-topped corymb; involucre 5 mm. high, 9-11 mm. broad; outer
bracts 8, carinate, light-green, united nearly half-way up, slightly longer than the inner;
inner bracts broadly oval, mucronate, erose on the margins; ligules orange, 8-10 mm. long,
5-6 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, densely glandular-pubescent; achenes 3 mm. long,
densely hirsute; squamellae 2 mm. long, lanceolate, acute.

TYPE LOCALITY: Burro Mountains, New Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Bull. Torrey Club 31: 1. 21. f. 3.

8. Hymenoxys olivacea Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 497.
1904.

A perennial, with a woody caudex; stems 1-3 dm. high, striate; leaves dark-green, glabrous
and conspicuously glandular-punctate, the basal ones entire, 6-10 cm. long, 1—2.5 mm. broad;
some of the stem-leaves divided into 3 linear segments or all entire; heads several, peduncled;
involucre 5 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad; outer bracts united to beyond the middle, carinate,
pale; inner bracts oval, fimbriate; ligules pale-orange, 5-7 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; disk-
corollas 3 mm. long, densely glandular; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 2 mm.
long, broadly ovate, shortly awn-tipped.

TYPE LOCALITY: Hanover Hills, New Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Bull. Torrey Club 31: pl. 22, f. 2.

9. Hymenoxys Rusbyi (A. Gray) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
31: 496. 1904.

Actinella Rusbyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 33. 1883.
Picradenia Rusbyi Greene, Pittonia 3: 271. 1898.

A short-lived perennial, with a thick root, scarcely cespitose; stem 3-4 dm. high, glabrous
or slightly puberulent, terete, fasciculately branched above, often purple-tinged; leaves mostly
entire, rarely with 2 broad lobes, linear, the basal ones 8-20 cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, glabrous;
stem-leaves much shorter, all entire; heads numerous; peduncles 2-5 cm. long; involucre 5-6
mm. high, 6-7 mm. broad; outer bracts about 8, thick and rounded on the back, glabrate,
united about one third their length, the free portions lanceolate, acute; inner bracts somewhat
longer, ovate, acute, erose on the margins; ligules light-yellow, 6-7 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, densely glandular-puberulent; tube about 1 mm. long; achenes
3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae cuneate to broadly ovate, almost triangular, truncate
or blunt, scarcely 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mogoflon Mountains, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern New Mexico.

114 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

10. Hymenoxys brachyactis Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 162° 192.° “1913.

A perennial or possibly biennial, with a thick tap-root; stem solitary, very stout, simple
below, branched above, 4-5 cm. high; leaves numerous, once or twice pinnatifid into linear-
filiform divisions scarcely 1 mm. broad; heads numerous, corymbose; peduncles 1-3 cm.
long; involucre 5 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad, glabrate or glandular-granuliferous; outer bracts
about 8, united nearly half their length, carinate, the free portions lanceolate, acute; inner bracts
oval, abruptly mucronate-acuminate, villous on the margins; ligules pale-yellow, 3-4 mm. long,
cuneate-obovate; disk-corollas bright-yellow, sparingly glandular-puberulent, 3-3.5 mm. long;
tube about 1 mm. long; achenes villous, 2.5 mm. long; squamellae ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: East View, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

11. Hymenoxys Vaseyi (A. Gray) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
31: 493. 1904.

Actinella Vaseyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: zp. 1882.
Picradenia Vaseyi Greene, Pittonia 3: 271. 189

A perennial, with a thick tap-root, een cespitose; stem 3-5 dm. high, glabrate or mi-
nutely puberulent, striate, branched above; leaves 3-8 cm. long, dissected into 3-5 linear-filiform
divisions, glabrate, conspicuously punctate; heads rather numerous in round-topped paniculate
corymbs; peduncles 2-5 cm. long; involucre turbinate, 6 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad; outer
bracts 7-9, carinate, glandular-granuliferous, united more than half their length, the free portions
ovate-triangular; inner bracts broadly oval, rounded and mucronate at the apex, villous
and erose on the margins; ligules about 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas about 4 mm.
long; tube about 1 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae oblong, nearly
2 mm. long, obtuse or acutish.

TYPE LOCALITY: Organ Mountains, New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Organ Mountains of New Mexico. s

12. Hymenoxys Cooperi (A. Gray) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
312/394.) (1904:

Actinella Coopert A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 359. 1868.
Picradenia Cooperi Greene, Pittonia 3: 272. 1898.

Hymenoxys Cooperi Grayi Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 495. 1904.

Hymenoxys Cooperi argyrea Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 495. 1904,

A perennial, with a tap-root and a somewhat cespitose crown; stems 5-10 dm. high, with
slender branches, finely puberulent or glabrate; leaves 4-10 cm. long, divided into 3-5 linear-
filiform divisions, glabrate and strongly punctate; heads in an open corymb; peduncles 3-10
cm. long; involucre somewhat turbinate, 5 mm. high, about 8-12 mm. broad; outer bracts
about 8, keeled, glabrate, united about one third their length, the free portions lanceolate; inner
bracts elliptic, acute, erose on the margins; ligules 8-10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas
3 mm. long, densely glandular-puberulent; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae
1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse or acute at the apex.

TYPE LOCALITY: Providence Mountains, in the Mojave district, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California and Arizona.

13. Hymenoxys quinquesquamata Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a tap-root, not cespitose; stem single, 3-5 dm. high, finely puberulent,
striate, branched above; leaves 5-10 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate, divided into 3-5 linear
divisions; heads numerous, corymbose; peduncles 3-5 cm. long; involucre turbinate, 7 mm. high,
8-10 mm. broad; outer bracts about 5, glabrate, carinate, united a little more than one third
their length, the free portions ovate, acute; inner bracts somewhat longer, broadly oval,
abruptly short-acuminate, erose on the margins and slightly villous; ligules 12-13 mm. long,

Pant 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 115

5-7 mm. wide; disk-corollas about 4 mm. long, sparingly glandular; tube about | mm. long;
achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae about 2 mm. long, ovate, acute, rarely
acuminate.

Type collected on Carr Peak, Huachuca Mountains, August 27, 1910, Goodding 874 (herb. N,
Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.

14. Hymenoxys canescens (D.C. Eaton) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey
Club 31: 484. 1904.

Actinella Richardsoni canescens D.C. Eaton, in S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 175. 1871.
Picradenia canescens Greene, Pittonia 3: 271. 1898.

A perennial, with a somewhat branched caudex; stem 1-2 dm. high, canescent with flat
scale-like hairs; leaves numerous, 2—4 cm. long, divided into 3-5 linear-filiform divisions,
canescent like the stem, rather fleshy; heads 1-3; peduncles 1-3 cm. long; involucre depressed-
hemispheric, 5-6 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; outer bracts 12-15, lanceolate, canescent,
united only at the base; inner bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, barely erose; ligules about 8 mm,
long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, densely glandular; tube 1 mm. long; achenes 3 mm,
long, densely hirsute; squamellae 2 mm. long, ovate, acute.

TYPE LOCALITY: East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.
DISTRIBUTION: Nevada and Utah.

15. Hymenoxys biennis (A. Gray) H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ.
Bot. 3: 204. 1907.

Actinella Richardsoni A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 394. 1876. Not A. Richardsoni Nutt. 1841,
Actinella biennis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 373. 1878.

Picradenia biennis Greene, Pittonia 3: 272. 1898

Hymenoxys canescens biennis Cockerell, Bull. sta Club 31: 482. 1904.

A biennial, with a strong tap-root; stems solitary, 3-5 dm. high, branched above, puberu«
lent with broad, scale-like hairs, striate; leaves 3-8 cm. long, more or less pubescent with
similar hairs and glandular-punctate, divided into linear-filiform divisions, the basal ones
numerous and crowded, the stem-leaves with smaller fasciculate ones in their axils; heads
several or many, corymbose; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre hemispheric or depressed,
5 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; outer bracts 10-15, lanceolate, united only at the base, acute,
carinate only at the base; inner bracts ovate, acute, only slightly erose; ligules 8-10 mm,
long, 2.5-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, densely glandular; tube 1 mm. long; achenes
2.5 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae ovate, 1.5 mm. long, abruptly acuminate into an
awn-tip.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mokiak Pass, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and Utah.

16. Hymenoxys Lemmoni (Greene) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
ol: 477. ... 1904.

Picradenia Lemmoni Greene, Pittonia 3: 272. 1898.

A perennial or biennial but not cespitose; stem 3-5 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so, striate,
branched above; leaves 5-10 em. long, divided into 3-5 linear divisions about 2 mm. wide,
glabrous and strongly punctate; heads corymbose; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; involucre hemi-
spheric, 6 mm. high, 12-15 mm, broad; outer bracts 10-14, lanceolate, glabrate, united only
at the base; inner bracts oval, erose on the margin, mucronate; ligules 10-12 mm. long, 5-6
mm. wide; disk-corollas 4-5 mm. long, densely glandular; tube fully 1 mm. long; acheneg
3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 3 mm. long, lanceolate, attenuate but not aristate.

TyPE Locality: Mountains of California. ’
DISTRIBUTION: Northern Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada.

116 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [ VOLUME 34

17. Hymenoxys Greenei (Cockerell) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club
37: 448. 1910.

Picradenia biennis Greene, Pittonia 3: 273, in part. 1898. Not Actinella biennis A. Gray. 1878.
Hymenoxys Lemmonii Greenei Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 479. 1904.

A biennial or perennial but not cespitose; stem 3-5 dm. high, branched above with erect
branches, striate, puberulent; leaves erect, 5-10 cm. long, divided into 3-5 linear divisions,
which are 2-3 mm. wide, puberulent; heads corymbose; involucre hemispheric, 5 mm. high
and about 10 mm. broad; outer bracts 9-12, lanceolate, united at the base, carinate, acute;
inner bracts ovate, acute, eroge; ligules about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3.5
mm. long, glandular; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 3 mm. long, ovate,
aristate-acuminate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rock Creek, Utah.
DISTRIBUTION: Utah, Nevada, and northern Arizona.

18. Hymenoxys subintegra Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 480.
1904.

A perennial, with a tap-root and short thick caudex; stems solitary or few, about 2 dm.
high, canescent; lower leaves linear, canescent, 5-6 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, entire; middle
‘cauline leaves broader and usually with a few linear or lance-linear divisions; upper leaves
linear and entire; heads several but inflorescence not flat-topped; involucre hemispheric,
5-6 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; outer bracts about 12, united one fourth to one third their
length, carinate below, the free portions narrowly lanceolate and green, woolly; inner bracts
broadly oval, short-acuminate; ligules deep-yellow, 8-9 mm. long; disk-corollas 3.2 mm. long;
achenes 2.5 mm. long, silky; squamellae ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, nearly as long as
the disk-corollas.

TYPE LOCALITY: Nagle’s Ranch, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

19. Hymenoxys helenioides (Rydb.) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
31: 481. 1904.

Picradenia helenioides Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 21. 1901.
Dugaldia helenioides A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 562. 1909.

A tall biennial; stem branched above, about 5 dm. high, finely puberulent; leaves rather
firm, finely puberulent, 5-15 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate,
some of the middle ones often parted into 3-5 linear divisions; heads corymbose; involucre
somewhat tomentose, hemispheric, 8-9 mm. high and about 15 mm. broad; outer bracts 14-18,
narrowly lanceolate, united only at the base, longer than the inner; ligules orange, about
10 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, sparingly glandular; tube 1 mm.
long; achenes 3 mm. long, silky-hirsute; squamellae 3 mm. long, lanceolate, attenuate into
an awn-point.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sangre de Cristo Creek, southern Colorado.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

20. Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides (H. B. K.) DC. Prodr. 5: 661.
1836.

Actinea chrysanthemoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 298. 1820.
Dugaldia chrysanthemoides Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 271. 1828.
Actinella chrysanthemoides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 32. 1883.

An annual; stem 2-5 dm. high, branched above, striate, puberulent; leaves 2-4 cm. long,
bipinnatifid into linear-filiform divisions, sparingly puberulent or glabrate; heads corymbose;
peduncles 5-15 em. long; involucre depressed-hemispheric, 6 mm. high, 12-18 mm. broad;
outer bracts 12-16, linear, united only at the base, with spreading tips, pubescent; inner
bracts similar, but longer and broader, acute, not erose; receptacle conic; ligules 8-10 mm.
long, 3-4 mm. wide, deeply 3-lobed; disk-corollas 3.5-4 mm. long; tube glandular, about

PaRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 117

equaling the funnelform throat; achenes 3 mm. long, strongly hirsute; squamellae ovate,
2 mm. long, acuminate into an awn-tip.

TyPE LOCALITY: Moran [Hidalgo].
‘DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca.
ILLUSTRATION: H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. pl. 411.

21. Hymenoxys insignis (A. Gray) Cockerell, Torreya 4: 170. 1904.
Actinella insignis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 31. 1883.

An annual or biennial; stem stout, 6 dm. high, branched; leaves twice or thrice pinnately
divided into narrowly linear divisions, scarcely. punctate; heads corymbose; peduncles fistulose,
2-6 cm. long; involucre depressed-hemispheric, 10 mm. high, 20 mm. broad; receptacle de-
cidedly convex; outer bracts linear-lanceolate, united only at the base; inner bracts similar
but somewhat larger; ligules more than 1 cm. long; disk-corollas 3-4 mm. long; tube very
short; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae broadly ovate, muticous, scarcely
longer than the breadth of the achene.

TYPE LOCALITY: Lerios, in the mountains east of Saltillo, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

22. Hymenoxys excurrens (Cockerell) Rydberg, sp. nov.
Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides excurrens Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 501. 1904,

A leafy annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, branched above, striate, somewhat pubescent; leaves
3-6 cm. long, glabrate and not conspicuously punctate, pinnately dissected into narrowly
linear divisions; heads many, corymbose-cymose; peduncles 4-7 cm. long; involucre 6 mm.
high, 8-10 mm. broad, slightly pubescent or puberulent; outer bracts lanceolate, thick and
convex on the back, with narrow herbaceous margins and tips, acuminate and the tips rather
loose; ligules 8-9 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, decidedly glandular; achenes
3 mm. long; squamellae nearly 2 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, awn-pointed.

TYPE LOCALITY: Yuma, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Arizona, southern California, and Lower California.
ILLUSTRATION: Bull. Torrey Club 31: pl. 22, f. 3.

23. Hymenoxys odorata DC. Prodr. 5: 661. 1836.

Actinella odorata A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 101. 1849.

Phileozera multiflora Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 459. 1862.

Hymenoxys Schaffneri Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1885.

Ptilepida odorata Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 340. 1894.

Picradenia odorata Britton; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 3: 449. 1898.

Picradenia multiflora Greene, Pittonia 3: 273. 1898.

Picradenia odorata Osterhoutiit Cockerell, Bull. Colo. Coll. Mus. 1: 2. 1903.
Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides juxta Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 503. 1904.
Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides Osterhoutiit Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 505. 1904.
Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides Mearnsii Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 506. 1904.
Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides multiflora Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 507. 1904.
Hymenoxys multiflora Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 157. 1906.

Hymenoxys multiflora Osterhoutii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 157. 1906.
Hymenoxys Cockerellii Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 192. 1913.
Hymenoxys Mearnsii Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 192. 1913.

A branched annual; stem 1-3 dm. high, more or less pubescent, striate, but not glandular;
leaves 4-6 cm. long, more or less pubescent, inconspicuously punctate, pinnately or bipinnately
divided into narrowly linear divisions; heads numerous, corymbosely cymose; peduncles 2-5
em. long; involucre turbinate, 4-5 mm. high, 5-10 mm. broad, more or less hirsute; outer
bracts 6-10, lanceolate, acute, united at the base, rather thick and convex on the back, thin
and herbaceous on the margins; inner bracts similar but longer and broader and with narrower
margins; ligules 3-6 mm. long, 2—4.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, sparingly glandular;
tube about 1 mm. long; achenes 2.5 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae ovate, 1.5 mm.
long, acuminate into a short awn. (H. Cockerellii represents the typical form; H. multiflora,
a depauperate; and H. Mearnsii, a low more hairy form.)

TYPE LocaALity: ‘‘Mexico.’’

DISTRIBUTION: Kansas and Colorado to Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, and Coahuila. .

ILLUSTRATIONS: Deless. Ic. 4: pl. 42; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: pl. 23, f. 1, 2; Britt. & Brown,
Ill. Fl. f. 3971; ed. 2. f. 4541.

118 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

24. Hymenoxys Davidsonii (Greene) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club
31: 508. 1904.
Picradenia Davidsonii Greene, Pittonia 4: 240. 1901.

A branched biennial or perennial; stems 2-3 dm. high, striate, sparingly striate, pilose;
leaves 3-4 cm. long, pinnatifid into linear divisions, nearly glabrous; heads many, corymbose-
cymose; peduncles 4-8 em. long; involucre nearly hemispheric, 5-6 mm. high, 8 mm. broad,
puberulent; outer bracts about 10, united one fourth their length, ovate-lanceolate, the
herbaceous margin narrow; inner bracts similar but longer and broader; ligules 5-6 mm.
long, 2.5-2.8 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, sparingly glandular; tube 1 mm. long;
achenes 2 mm. long, hirsute; squamellae lance-ovate, acute or acuminate, 1 mm. long.

TYPE Locality: Clifton, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona.

25. Hymenoxys texana (Coult. & Rose) Cockerell, Bull. Torrey
Club 31: 499. 1904.

Actinella texana Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 16: 27. 1891.
Picradenia texana Greene, Pittonia 3: 273. 1898.

A small slender annual; stem branched at the base, 5-15 cm. high, glabrous or nearly so;
leaves mostly basal, spatulate in outline, 2-3 cm. long, 3-nerved, round-lobed or toothed, or
entire, puberulent; stem-leaves few, narrowly oblanceolate or linear, entire or few-toothed;
heads few, cymose; involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. high and about as broad; outer bracts
about 8, rigid, keeled, united only at the base, linear-lanceolate; inner bracts similar but
thinner and slightly longer; ligules minute, not exceeding the bracts; disk-corollas scarcely
1 mm. long; tube shorter than the campanulate throat; achenes 1 mm. long, obpyramidal,
hirsute; squamellae ovate, aristate-acuminate.

TyPE LocaLiry: Hockley, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas.

64. PLUMMERA A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 215. 1882.

Biennial or perennial herbs, with tap-roots. Leaves alternate, 1-3 times ternately
parted into linear divisions, impressed-punctate. Heads numerous in leafy flat-topped
panicles, radiate. Involucre obpyramidal; bracts in two series, of 4 or 5 bracts each; outer
bracts ovate or oblong, carinate, united above the middle, with narrow membranous margins;
inner bracts obovate-cuneate, with rounded apex, subscarious. Receptacle small, naked,
flat. Ray-flowers 2-5, pistillate and fertile; ligules broadly cuneate, 3-lobed. Disk-flowers
6-8, functionally staminate and sterile; corollas trumpet-shaped, with very short, somewhat
inflated tube, and 5 short obtuse lobes. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style short, bifid
without stigmatic lines. Achenes of the ray-flowers cuneate-obovoid, villous. Pappus
wanting.

Type species, Plummera floribunda A. Gray.

1. Plummera floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 215. 1882.

A biennial or perennial herb; stem angled and striate, glabrous, branched above, 3-6
dm. high; leaves 3-8 cm. long, 1-3-ternately parted into linear divisions 1-1.5 mm. wide;
heads numerous; involucre about 4 mm. high and 3 mm. broad, impressed-punctate; ligules
yellow, 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, cuneate, deeply 3-cleft; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, densely
glandular; achenes 2.5 mm. long.

Type LocaLity: Apache Pass, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona.

Subtribe 13. GAILLARDIANAE. Heads mostly radiate, rarely discoid.
Involucre rotate; bracts spreading, either wholly or at least the tip reflexed
in age. Receptacle from convex to hemispheric or ovoid. Ray-flowers

ParRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 119

pistillate or neutral; ligules usually broad, cuneate and deeply lobed,
yellow or partly or wholly purplish. Disk-corollas yellow or the upper part
purplish or brown; tube glabrous, very short, less than one-fifth as long as
the cylindric, or cylindro- funnelform or cylindro-campanulate tube (except
in Dugaldta). Achenes obpyramidal, usually hairy. Pappus of 5-10 squamel-
lae or in Hecubaea wanting.
Receptacle not bristly.

Involucral bracts all herbaceous.

Involucral bracts united at the base into a cup; pappus wanting or
minute. 65. HECUBAEA.

Involucral bracts distinct; pappus present, usually conspicuous.
Disk-corollas with a comparatively long tube; leaves not decurrent;

bracts tardily reflexed. 66. DUGALDIA.
Disk-corollas with a very short tube or no tube; leaves mostly de-
current; bracts early reflexed. 67. HELENIUM.
Inner involucral bracts scarious, resembling the pappus-squamellae. 68. AMBLYOLEPIS.
Receptacle bristly. 69. GAILLARDIA.

65. HECUBAEA DC. Prodr. 5: 665. 1836.

Perennial caulescent herbs with rootstocks. Leaves alternate, entire, oblanceolate.
Heads radiate, solitary on long peduncles, which are gradually enlarged under the involucres.
Involucre rotate; bracts lance-subulate, in two series, united below, spreading or in fruit reflexed,
the inner longer. Receptacle plane, naked. Ray-flowers many, pistillate, fertile; ligules yel-
low, cuneate, somewhat irregularly 3—5-cleft, rarely monstrous and 2-lipped. Disk-flowers
very numerous, hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla-tube short; throat cylindro-campanulate;
lobes 5, ovate, glandular-hispidulous. Anthers with ovate tips. Style-branches with trun-
cate hispidulous tips. Achenes obpyramidal, 5-angled, glabrous. Pappus wanting, or a
crown of minute truncate erose squamellae.

Type species, Hecubaea scorzoneraefolia DC.

1. Hecubaea scorzoneraefolia DC. Prodr. 5: 665. 1836.

Helenium scorzoneraefolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 359. 1868.
Helenium scorzoneraefolium Ghiesbrechtii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 359. 1868.

A perennial, with a rootstock; stem 3-4 dm. high, leafy below; leaves oblanceolate, gla-
brous, with glaucous midrib, 5—12 cm. long, the lower tapering at the base, the upper slightly
decurrent; peduncle 1.5—2 dm. long, strongly enlarged and black-hairy under the involucre,
which is 3-3.5 cm. broad; bracts subulate-lanceolate, black-hairy; ligules 15-20 mm. long,
8-10 mm. wide; disk-corollas about 4 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Deless. Ic. 4: pl. 43.

66. DUGALDIA Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 270. 1828.

Oxylepis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 87. 1841.
Expeletiopsis Schultz-Bip.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 2: 414. 1873.

Perennial caulescent herbs with rootstocks, more or less floccose or villous. Leaves linear,
entire, not decurrent, with several nearly parallel nerves. Heads radiate, large, at the ends
of the stem or branches. Involucre almost rotate; bracts lance-subulate, herbaceous, in 2 or
3 subequal series, spreading and tardily reflexed. Receptacle convex or nearly flat, naked or
with some bracts between the ray and disk. Ray-flowers fertile, pistillate; ligules yellow,
rather narrow. Disk-flowers numerous; corolla-tube evident, nearly equaling the campanulate
throat; lobes 5, ovate or lanceolate, glandular-hispidulous. Anthers with ovate-lanceolate
tips. Style-branches with truncate subcapitate tips. Achenes obpyramidal, densely pubes-
cent. Pappus of 5-7 lanceolate or subulate, acuminate, aristate, scarious, and nerveless
squamellae.

Type species, Actinea integrifolia H. B. K.

120 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

Leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate. 1. D. integrifolia.
Leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate.
Ligules narrow, 3-5 mm. wide; squamellae with short awn-tips. 2. D. Hoopesii.
Ligules broad, 5-12 mm. wide; squamellae with long awn-tips. 3. D. grandiflora.

1. Dugaldia integrifolia (H. B. K.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 271.
1828.

Actinea integrifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 297. 1820.

Oxylepis lanata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 87. 1841.

Helenium lanatum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 205. 1874.

Helenium integrifolium Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 227. 1881.
Heleniastrum integrifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A perennial, with a rootstock; stem erect, simple, monocephalous, lanate, 3-5 cm. high;
basal leaves sessile, linear, obtuse, entire, thick, glabrous, dilated at the base, 1-1.5 dm. long,
1 cm. wide; stem-leaves linear, not decurrent, 5-nerved, glabrate or the upper somewhat
lanate; heads solitary; peduncles about 1 dm. long; involucre 3—3.5 cm. broad; bracts oblong-
linear, attenuate, flat, lanate; receptacle nearly plane; ray-flowers about 40; ligules about
1.5 cm. long; achenes densely pubescent; squamellae 5-7, lanceolate, subulately awn-tipped.

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Omitlan and Serro del Jacal [Hidalgo].
DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico to Guatemala.
ILLUSTRATION: H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. pl. 410.

2. Dugaldia Hoopesii (A. Gray) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
1: 425. . 1900:
Helenium Hoopesii A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 65. 1863.
Heleniastrum Hoopesii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A perennial, with a thick woody rootstock; stem 5-10 dm. high, more or less villous when
young, especially above, in age glabrate, striate; basal leaves oblanceolate, several-ribbed,
1-2 dm. long, 1-3 em. wide, yellowish-green, sparingly (or in Arizona sometimes densely)
villous when young, glabrate in age; lower stem-leaves similar but shorter, the upper lanceolate
and acute, all sessile but not decurrent; heads usually densely villous; involucre 2—2.5 cm.
broad; bracts lanceolate to subulate, acute or the inner acuminate, in age reflexed; ray-flowers
20 or more; ligules orange to yellow, 2-3 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, subentire or with 2 or 3 short
teeth at the apex; disk-corollas about 5 mm. long; tube 2 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long,
densely hirsute; squamellae lance-subulate, attenuate into an awn-point, 3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: South Park, Colorado.
DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming to New Mexico, California, and Oregon.
ILLUSTRATION: Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 41, f. 3.

3. Dugaldia grandiflora Rydberg, sp. nov.

A tall perennial; stem 6 dm. high or more, sparingly arachnoid-villous above, glabrous
below; lower leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, about 1.5 dm. long; upper stem-leaves broadly
lanceolate, acute, slightly decurrent, sparingly villous when young; heads solitary at the end
of the stem, and of the branches if present; involucre about 3 cm. broad; bracts lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, densely villous; ray-flowers numerous; ligules 2—2.5 cm. long, 5-12 mm.
wide, deeply 3-lobed, conspicuously villous; disk-corollas 5 mm. long; achenes densely hirsute;

squamellae 4 mm. long, from a lanceolate base attenuate into a very long awn-tip.
Type collected in California in 1868 or 1869, Kellogg & Harford 469 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

67. HELENIUM L.. Sp. Pl. 886. 1753.

Helenia V,. Gen. Pl. ed. 5.377. 1754.

Brassavola Adans. Fam. 2: 127. 1763.

Mesodetra Raf. Fl. Ludov. 141. 1817.

Leptopoda Nutt. Gen. 2: 174. 1818.

Leptophora Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 4: 195. 1819.
Tetrodus Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 264, 272. 1828.
Leptocarpha Endl. Gen. 1383, assynonym. 1841.
Heleniastrum (Vaillant) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 341. 1891.

Annual or perennial leafy herbs. Leaves alternate, narrow, impressed-punctate, more
or less decurrent, producing wings on the stem. Heads in leafy corymbs or solitary, usually

Part? 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 121

radiate. Involucre at first rotate; bracts narrow, linear or subulate in 2 or 3 series, subequal
or the inner shorter, at first spreading, usually soon reflexed but in a few species tardily so.
Receptacle from convex to ovoid or conic, naked or sometimes with a few bracts between
the ray- and disk-flowers. Ray-flowers usually present, in most species pistillate and fertile,
in the rest neutral and sterile; ligules large, conspicuous, 3—4-toothed or -lobed, cuneate in
outline. Disk-flowers numerous, hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas yellow, brown, or pur-
plish; tube very short, not more than one sixth as long as the cylindric or deeply campanu-
late throat; lobes 4 or 5, glandular-hispidulous. Achenes truncately obpyramidal, 4- or 5-
angled with as many intermediate ribs, pubescent on the angles and ribs (glabrous in two
species). Pappus of 4-8 thin scarious squamellae, with or without midrib.
Type species, Helenium autumnale L,. :

Ray-flowers pistillate or wanting.

Annuals or rarely biennials.
Leaves narrowly linear or linear-filiform, not decurrent.

Disk yellow; leaves all entire. 1. H. tenuifolium.
Disk purple-brown; some of the lower stem-leaves pinnately
parted. 2. H. badium.

Leaves broader, more or less decurrent.
Squamellae of the pappus obtuse, pointless, without conspicuous
midrib.
Rays present.
Squamellae of the pappus rounded, less than half the
length of the achenes.
Disk and receptacle elongate in fruit. 3. H. quadridentatum.
Disk globular.
Disk 4-7 mm. broad at maturity.
Leaves linear-lanceolate or linear; receptacle
depressed-hemispheric; squamellae mi-
nute.

Stem nearly wingless; leaves linear. 4. H. stenoplerum.
Stem broadly winged; leaves, at least the
lower, linear-lanceolate. 5. H. elegans.
Leaves lanceolate; receptacle subconic; squam-
ellae nearly half as long as the achenes. 6. H. microcephalum.
Disk 7-10 mm. broad at maturity. 7. H. amphibolum.

Squamellae of the pappus oblong, about half as long as

the achenes. 8. H. ooclinium.
Rays wanting. 9. H. Thurbert.
Squamellae of the pappus from acute or mucronate to awn-
tipped, usually with a distinct midrib.
Pappus less than half as long as the disk-corollas.
Disk 12-18 mm. broad; plant stout, 5-10 dm. high;
heads few on long peduncles.
Plant glabrous or nearly so; squamellae acute or
apiculate; ligules 10-14 mm. long. 10. H. mexicanum.
Plant puberulent; squamellae more or less awn-
tipped; ligules 4-6 mm. long. 11. H. puberulum.
Disk 5-10 mm. broad; plant 2-4 dm. high; heads short-
peduncled, corymbose; squamellae scarcely more
than apiculate.
Lower leaves entire or merely denticulate; disk nearly
10 mm. broad. 12. H. centrale.
Lower leaves more or less pinnately lobed; disk 5-7
mm. broad. 13. H. heterophyllum.
Pappus at least two thirds as long as the disk-corollas.
Plant glabrous; leaves usually entire or dentate. 14. H. linifolium.

Plant cinereous-puberulent; lower leaves usually laciniate. 15. H. laciniatum.,
Perennials.
Heads few on long peduncles; leaves strongly ascending, entire.

Leaves thin, not at all gummy.

Heads large, mostly solitary; disk 20-25 mm. broad. 16.

Heads smaller, often 2-4; disk 15—18 mm. broad. Dae

Leaves thick, somewhat gummy. 18.
Heads numerous, corymbose; leaves mostly spreading.

Pappus about one fourth as long as the glandular-granuliferous
disk-corollas, only slightly exceeding the corolla-tube;
plant glabrate or minutely puberulent.

Leaves ovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate.
Disk usually more than 1 cm. broad; leaves usually
dentate; ligules gradually tapering below.
Ligules 1.5—3 em. long; leaves long-acuminate, sharply
toothed. 19.
Ligules 1-1.5 em. long; leaves acute or short-acumi-
nate, not sharply toothed. 20. H. latifolium.

. Bolanderi.
. rivulare.
. Bigelovit.

Tes

yy

. altissimum.

122 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

Disk less than 1 cm. broad; leaves entire or denticulate;
ligules rather abruptly contracted into a slender base. 24. H. parviflorum.
Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or merely denticu-
late. 21. H. autumnale.
Pappus fully half as long as the puberulent disk-corollas and
fully twice as long as the tube; plant decidedly pubescent.
Ligules more than 1 cm. long; disk-corollas 4 mm. long;

bracts much exceeding the disk. 22. H. macranthum.
Ligules 6-10 mm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; bracts
only a little exceeding the disk. 23. H. montanum.

Ray-flowers neutral.
Heads corymbose; bracts reflexed.
Disk yellow. 24. H. parviflorum.
Disk purplish or dark-brown.
Wings of the upper part of the stem 1 mm. wide or less; upper
stem-leaves much smaller than the basal ones.

Receptacle 6-7 mm. high; ligules 25-30 mm. long. 25. H. campestre.
Receptacle 2.5-3.5 mm. high; ligules 6-15 mm. long. 26. H. nudiflorum.
Wings of the upper part of the stem 2 mm. broad or more;
upper leaves not conspicuously smaller. ) 27. H. polyphyllum.
Heads solitary or 2 or 3 on long erect peduncles. .

Receptacle ovate-conic; disk subglobose to hemispheric; bracts
soon reflexed.
Squamellae dissected halfway down into numerous bristle-like

divisions; disk about 15 mm. wide. 28. H. fimbriatum.
Squamellae obovate, entire or slightly erose; disk 18-20 mm.
wide. 29. H. Curtisii.

Receptacle and disk convex to depressed-hemispheric; bracts
spreading, tardily recurved.
Disk yellow.

Achenes glabrous or glandular-granuliferous.
Leaf-blades entire or undulate. 30. H. Helenium.
Leaf-blades pinnately lobed. 31. H. incisum.

Achenes pubescent on the ribs.
Basal leaves spatulate or broadly oblanceolate, repand-

denticulate or entire. 32. H. vernale.
Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, usually lobed
or coarsely dentate. 33. H. pinnatifidum.
Disk purplish or brown. 34. H. brevifolium,

1. Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 66. 1834.
Heleniastrum tenuifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A leafy annual; stem fastigiately branched above, 2-4 dm. high, glabrous or with a few
scattered hairs above; leaves glabrous, linear-filiform, entire, 1-5 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide,
not decurrent; heads corymbose; peduncles slender, 5—7 cm. long; involucre about 1 cm.
broad; bracts glabrous, thin, long-attenuate from a lanceolate base; receptacle depressed-
hemispheric; ray-flowers 5-10, pistillate; ligules cuneate, 5-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide,
deeply 3-lobed; disk globose, about 8 mm. broad; corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube a minute ring;
throat deeply campanulate; lobes 5, ovate; achenes about 1 mm. long, hispid on the short
angles; squamellae ovate, as long as the achenes, the midrib excurrent into an awn nearly
as long. '

TYPE LOCALITY: Mississippi.

DISTRIBUTION: Virginia to Kansas, Texas, and Florida; Cuba.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Meehan, Nat. Fl. 2: pl. 10; Bot. Mag. pl. 7721.

2. Helenium badium (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 5: 55. 1902.
Helenium tenuifolium badium A. Gray; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 108. 1883.

A glabrous leafy annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, branched above; lower leaves 4-5 cm. long,
pinnatifid into linear divisions, glabrous; upper leaves linear-filiform; heads corymbose; in-
volucre about 1 cm. broad; bracts lanceolate, attenuate; receptacle depressed-hemispheric;
ray-flowers pistillate; ligules yellow, pubescent, 4-7 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; disk globose,
5-8 mm. broad; corollas purplish-brown, 2—2.5 mm. long; tube a minute ring; throat campanu-
late; achenes scarcely 1 mm. long, hispid on the angles; squamellae ovate, produced into an
awn of nearly the same length.

TYPE LOCALITY: Bluffton, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Oklahoma.

Par? 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 123

3. Helenium quadridentatum Labill. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris
es al pe

Rudbeckia alata Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. 3: 16. 1793.

Helenia linearifolia Moench, Meth. Suppl. 240. 1802.

Helenium alatum C. C. Gmel. Hort. Carlsr. 129. 1811.

Mesodetra alata Raf. Fl. Luidov. 141. 1817.

? Helenium quadripartitum Link, Enum. 2: 338. 1822. ;
Helenium Milleri Schultes; DC. Prodr. 5: 566, as synonym. 1836.
? Helenium discovatum Raf. New Fl. 4: 81. 1838.

Heleniastrum quadridentatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A paniculately branched annual or biennial; stem 3-10 dm. high, glabrous or sparingly
puberulent; lower leaves elliptic, oblanceolate, or oblong, pinnately lobed, about 1 dm. long;
upper leaves entire, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, decurrent into the
wings of the stem; peduncles 5-8 cm. long; involucre about 1 cm. broad; bracts narrowly linear
or subulate, soon reflexed; receptacle oblong; ligules yellow, broadly cuneate, 3-5 mm. long;
disk oblong, at least in fruit, 8-10 mm. broad, 10-15 mm. long; corollas little more than 1 mm.
long; tube a minute ring; throat campanulate; limb usually 4-toothed; achenes about 1 mm.

long, hispidulous on the angles; pappus of minute rounded squamellae.

TYPE LOCALITY: Louisiana; described from cultivated plants.

DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina to Florida, Texas, Vera Cruz, and Yucatan; Martinique.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: pl. 4; Lam. Tabl. Encyc. pl. 688, f. 2; Bot.
Reg. pl. 598; Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. pl. 593.

4. Helenium stenopterum Rydberg, sp. nov.

A slender simple annual; stem about 3 dm. high, slender, almost wingless, often purple-
tinged below, puberulent; leaves linear, 2-3 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, puberulent, entire, not
conspicuously decurrent; heads 1-4; peduncles 4-8 cm. long; involucral bracts linear, 2-4 mm.
long, early reflexed; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules 6-8 mm. long, cuneate, 3-lobed; disk globose,
brown, 7-8 mm. broad; corollas 2 mm. long, puberulent; tube a mere short ring; throat deeply
campanulate; achenes about 1 mm. long, hispidulous on the ridges; squamellae rounded-
obovate, about one fourth as long as the achenes.

Type collected at Media Luna, near Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi, 1904, Palmer 64 (U.S. Nat.

Herb.).
DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi.

5. Helenium elegans DC. Prodr. 5: 667. 1836.

Helenium microcephalum bicolor T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 385. 1842.
Heleniastrum elegans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A tall annual or biennial; stem 3-10 dm. high, branched above, glabrous, winged; lower
leaves 7-10 cm. long, glabrous, oblanceolate, more or less dentate; upper leaves narrowly
lanceolate or almost linear, acute, decurrent; heads corymbose; peduncles 3—5 ecm. long;
involucral bracts linear-subulate, 2-3 mm. long; receptacle depressed-hemispheric; ray-
flowers pistillate; ligules yellow or often’partly brown at the base, cuneate, 5-7 mm. long,
3-toothed; disk brown or purplish, 5-8 mm. broad; corollas 2 mm. long; tube a minute ring;
throat deeply campanulate; achenes | mm. long, hispidulous on the angles; squamellae rounded,
minute.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Bexar, Mexico”’ [now Texas].
DISTRIBUTION: Louisiana, !eras, and northeastern Mexico.

6. Helenium microcephalum DC. Prodr. 5: 667. 1836.

? Helenium texanum Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 460. 1862.
Heleniastrum microcephalum Kuntze, Rev. Gen, 342. 1891.

A freely branching annual, stem 3-8 dm. high, glabrous, winged; leaves lanceolate to
oblong-ovate, 3-6 cm. long, acute, decu-rent, the lower often toothed; heads numerous, corym-
bose; peduncles 2-4 cm. long; involtcral bracts linear to subulate, 3-4 mm. long, reflexed;
ray-flowers pistillate; liguies yellow, 4-5 mm. long, cuneate, 3-lobed; disk subglobose, 5-6

124 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

mm. broad, yellow or brown; corollas 1.5 mm. long; tube a mere ring; achenes about 1 mm.
long; squamellae rounded-ovate, obtuse, nearly half as long as the achenes.

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Lando and Bexar, ‘‘ Mexico”’ [now Texas].
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Coahuila.

7. Helenium amphibolum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 202. 1874.
Heleniastrum amphibolum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A stout annual; stem 5-8 dm. high, glabrous, angled; lower leaves oblanceolate or oblong,
6-10 em. long, toothed or laciniate-pinnatifid; upper leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear,
entire, glabrous; heads corymbose; peduncles 3-5 cm. long; involucral bracts linear-subulate;
ray-flowers pistillate ; ligules wholly yellow or with purplish bases, 6-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm.
wide; disk 7-10 mm. broad at maturity, fuscous; corollas nearly 2 mm. long; tube a minute
ring; throat elongate-campanulate; achenes 1 mm. long; squamellae minute, rounded.

TYPE LOCALITY: Monterey, ‘“‘Chihuahua’’ [Nuevo Leon].
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Coahuila and Tamaulipas.

8. Helenium ooclinium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 202. 1874.
Heleniastrum ooclinium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A freely branching annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, glabrous, angled; leaves lanceolate, often
narrowly so, the lower more or less dentate, the upper ones small; heads corymbose; peduncles
3-8 ecm. long; bracts lance-subulate; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules yellow, 5-10 mm. long,
4-6 mm. wide; disk slightly longer than broad, fuscous or brownish-yellow, 8-10 mm. broad;
corollas 2 mm. long; tube a mere ring; throat deeply campanulate; achenes fully 1 mm. long,
hispid on the angles; squamellae ovate, obtuse, 0.6-0.8 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: In the Nazas Valley, Bolson de Mapimi, ‘‘ Chihuahua” [probably Coahuila].
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to San Luis Potosi and Durango.

9. Helenium Thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 32. 1883.
Heleniastrum Thurberi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A branched annual; stem 5-10 dm. high, puberulent, winged; lower leaves oblanceolate,
5-8 em. long, more or less puberulent, sharply dentate; upper leaves narrowly lanceolate
or linear-lanceolate, entire; heads discoid, corymbose; peduncles slender, 5-10 cm. long;
involucral bracts lance-subulate, 5-7 mm. long; disk globose or slightly ovoid, 7-8 mm. broad,
fuscous; corollas less than 1.5 mm. long; tube minute; throat campanulate; achenes 1 mm. long,
hirsute on the angles; squamellae rounded-ovate, obtuse, one-third as long as the corolla.

TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Arizona.
DIsTRIBUTION: Arizona to Chihuahua and Tepic.

10. Helenium mexicanum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 299. 1820.

Helenium varium Schrad. Ind. Sem. Goett. 1830: 3. 1830.—Linnaea 6: Litt. 72. 1831.
Helenium brachyglossum Avé-Lall.; Rach, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1858: 38, as synonym. 1859.
Heleniastrum varium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A slender annual; stem 4-7 dm. high, glabrous, slightly winged; leaves linear, 4-6 cm.
long, glabrous or sparingly pilose above; heads solitary or 2-4, long-peduncled; peduncles
5-15 cm. long; bracts subulate, 5 mm. long; ray-flowers fertile; ligules yellow, 10-14 mm.
long, deeply lobed; disk 15-18 mm. broad, yellowish-brown; corollas 3 mm. long; tube very
short; achenes 2 mm. long, hirsute on the ribs; squamellae ovate, 1 mm. long, acute or apiculate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico.

11. Helenium puberulum DC. Prodr. 5: 667. 1836.

Cephalophora decurrens Less. Linnaea 6: 517. 1831.

Helenium pubescens H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 355. 1838. Not H. pubescens Ait. 1789.
Helenium californicum Link, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1840: 21. 1840.

? Helenium Rosilla Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 24): 186. 1841.

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 125

pa eon erica A, Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 107. 1857. Not H. mexicanum H. B.

Helenium decurrens Vatke, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1875: App. 1875. Not Helenia decurrens
Moench. 1794. ;

Heleniastrum puberulum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A stout annual; stem 5-10 dm. high, angled, puberulent, branched above; basal leaves
oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, puberulent, entire or denticulate; upper stem-
leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate; peduncles 5-20 cm. long; bracts subulate, 8-10 mm. long,
hirsute; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules yellow, 4-6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; disk brownish-
yellow to purplish-brown, 12-18 mm. broad when mature; corollas 2.5-3 mm. long; tube a mere
ring; throat elongate-campanulate; achenes fully 1.5 mm. long, hispidulous on the angles;
squamellae 1 mm. long, ovate or lanceolate, awn-tipped.

TYPE LOCALITY: California.
DISTRIBUTION: California and northern Lower California.

12. Helenium centrale Rydberg, sp. nov.

A puberulent annual; stem 3-5 dm. high, puberulent as well as glandular-granuliferous,
winged, with ascending branches; basal leaves oblanceolate, 5-10 em. long, puberulent,
entire or denticulate; stem-leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, attenuate, strongly ascend-
ing; heads corymbose; peduncles 3-8 cm. long; involucral bracts subulate, 4 mm. long; ray-
flowers pistillate; ligules 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk brown, globose, about 1 em. broad;
corollas 1.5 mm. long; tube minute; achenes 1.5 mm. long, hispid on the angles; squamellae
rounded-ovate, apiculate.

Type collected at Cuajiniquilapa, Dep. Santa Rosa, Guatemala, 1892, Heyde & Lux 3403
(herb. Columbia Univ.).
_ DISTRIBUTION: Chiapas, Guatemala, and Costa Rica.

13. Helenium heterophyllum DC. Prodr. 5: 667. 1836.

A puberulent annual; stem 4-6 dm. high, winged, puberulent, branched above; lower leaves
oblanceolate in outline, about 1 dm. long, variously pinnately lobed and dentate; upper stem-
leaves lanceolate, dentate, puberulent; heads corymbose, radiate; involucral bracts lance-
subulate, 4 mm. long; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; disk globose
or slightly ovoid, 5-7 mm. broad; corollas 1.5 mm. long; tube minute; achenes about
1 mm. long, hispidulous on the angles; squamellae ovate, one third as long as the corolla, with a
very short awn-tip.

TYPE LOCALITY: Tampico, Tamaulipas.
DISTRIBUTION: Tamaulipas.

14. Helenium linifolium Rydberg, sp. nov.

A slender annual; stem about 3 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so, angled; leaves linear or
narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or sparingly dentate, rarely sinuately lobed, 4-6 cm. long,
glabrous; heads corymbose; peduncles slender, 3—8 cm. long; involucral bracts 4-5 mm. long,
lance-subulate; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules cuneate, 10-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, purplish
with yellow tips, or yellow; disk purplish, 10-12 mm. broad; corollas about 2 mm. long, yellow
with purple limb; tube very short; achenes 1 mm. long, hispid on the angles; squamellae ovate,
with a long awn-tip, together fully three-fourths as long as the corolla.

Type collected at Kingsville, Texas, April 11, 1905, S. M. Tracy 8949 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Texas.

15. Helenium laciniatum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 203. 1874.
Heleniasirum laciniatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.
A cinereous-puberulent annual; stem 1-3 dm. high, branched from the base; leaves
lanceolate or linear, 2-5 cm. long, mostly laciniate-pinnatifid, a little decurrent; peduncles

about 7 cm. long; involucral bracts linear-subulate, longer than the ligules; ray-flowers pistil-
late; ligules yellow, 4-6 mm. long; disk globose, 8-12 mm. broad; corollas 2 mm. long;

126 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [ VoLUME 34

tube minute; achenes fully 1 mm. long; squamellae ovate, abruptly contracted into an awn-
tip, a little shorter than the corolla.

TYPE LOCALITY: California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California to Sonora.

16. Helenium Bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 358. 1868.

Heleniastrum Bolanderi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 91.
Hymenoxys latissima Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 498. . 1904.

A simple perennial; stem stout, 3-6 dm. high, sparingly pubescent with crisp hairs, especi-
ally on the peduncle, or glabrate, slightly winged; lower leaves oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long,
thin, entire, glabrous or nearly so; upper leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic;
heads solitary or rarely 2, on long peduncles, radiate; peduncles 1-2 dm. long, often thickened
above; bracts lanceolate, villous, 7 mm. long; ray-flowers many, pistillate; ligules yellow,
15-18 mm. long, 7-15 mm. wide; disk brown or purplish-brown, 2—2.5 cm. broad; corollas 4
mm. long, puberulent; achenes 2 mm. long, hispid on the ribs; squamellae fully 2 mm. long,
lanceolate, acuminate into a long awn-tip.

TYPE LOCALITY: Plains of Mendocino, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and northern California and southern Oregon.
ILLUSTRATION: Bull. Torrey Club 31: pl. 21, f. 2.

17. Helenium rivulare (Greene) Rydberg.
Heleniastrum rivulare Greene, Fl. France. 435. 1897.

A rather simple perennial; stem 4-8 dm. high, sparingly crisp-hairy or glabrous; lower
leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. long, thin, glabrous, not conspicuously punctate, entire;
stem-leaves mostly linear-lanceolate, strongly ascending; heads radiate, solitary or 2-4,
long-peduncled; peduncles 1-2 dm. long; bracts lance-subulate, 5-6 mm. long; ray-flowers
pistillate; ligules yellow, 10-15 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide; disk 15-18 mm. broad, depressed-
globose; corollas nearly 4 mm. long; achenes 2 mm. long, hispid on the ribs; squamellae 2 mm.
long, lanceolate, awn-tipped.

TYPE LOCALITY: Coast Range, California.
DISTRIBUTION: California.

18. Helenium Bigelovii A. Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 107.
ono ips

Heleniastrum Bigelovii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.
Heleniastrum occidentale Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 202. 1894.

A rather simple perennial; stem 5-10 dm. high, erect, sparingly short-pubescent with
crisp hairs or glabrous; lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, thick,
strongly glandular-punctate, glabrate or puberulent; stem-leaves narrowly lanceolate; heads
radiate, solitary or 2 or 3, long-peduncled; peduncles 1-3 dm. long, thickened upwards; bracts
lanceolate-subulate, 8-10 mm. long; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules yellow, 10-12 mm. long,
5-7 mm, wide; disk 15-20 mm. broad; corollas about 4 mm. long; tube less than 1 mm. long;
achenes 2 mm. long, hispid on the ribs; squamellae 2 mm. long, lanceolate, attenuate into
an awn-point.

TYPE LOCALITY: Swamps near Santa Rosa Creek, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Oregon to southern California and western Arizona.

19. Helenium altissimum Link (Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1840: 21,
hyponym. 1840), sp. nov.

A tall perennial; stem 1 m. high or more, minutely puberulent, winged, branched above;
leaves usually narrowly oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, 1.5-5 cm. wide, long-acuminate at the
apex, tapering at the base, sharply serrate, with teeth directed forward, minutely puberulent on
both sides; heads numerous, corymbose; peduncles 3-6 cm. loug; bracts subulate, 1-10 mm.
long; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules yellow, 1.5-30 mm. long, 6-10 mm. wide; disk globose,

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 127

15-20 mm. in diameter, yellow; corollas 3 mm. long, glandular-granuliferous; tube less than
0.5 mm. long; throat deeply campanulate; achenes nearly 2 mm. long, hirsute; squamellae
lanceolate, fimbriate, short-acuminate, about one fourth as long as the corolla.

Type raised from seeds, sent by Dr. Engelmann from Missouri (herb. Berlin; a tracing by Klatt
in the Gray Herbarium).

DISTRIBUTION: Missouri and Illinois to Minnesota.

20. Helenium latifolium Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Helenium no. 2.
1768.

Helenium autumnale 1. Sp. Pl. 886, in part. 1753.

Helenium canaliculatum Lam. Jour. Hist. Nat. 2: 213. 1792.

Helenia decurrens Moench, Meth. 589. 1794.

Helenium pumilum Willd. Enum. Suppl. 60. 1813.

? Helenium commutatum Link, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1840: 21, hyponym. 1840.

A stout perennial; stem 3-10 dm. high, glabrate or minutely puberulent, winged, branched
above; leaves sessile, oblanceolate, lanceolate or elliptic, 3-15 cm. long, more or less serrate
or the uppermost entire, acute or short-acuminate at the apex, tapering at the base, decurrent,
finely puberulent or in age glabrate, punctate; heads numerous, corymbose; peduncles 3-6
cm. long; bracts subulate, 5-7 mm. long; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules yellow, 10-15 mm.
long, 5-10 mm. wide; disk globose, 10-13 mm. in diameter; corollas 3 mm. long,
glandular-granuliferous; tube less than 0.5 mm. long; throat deeply campanulate; achenes
fully 1.5 mm. long, hispid on the ribs; squamellae lanceolate, erose-fimbriate, acuminate,
about one-fourth as long as the corolla, only slightly longer than the tube.

TYPE LocaLity: North America.

DISTRIBUTION: Connecticut to Quebec, Minnesota, Mississippi, and Florida.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Jour. Hist. Nat. pl. 35; Pluk. Amalth. Bot. pl. 372, f. 4; Lam. Tabl. Encyc.
pl. 688, f. 1; Schkuhr, Handb. pl. 250; W. Barton, Fl. N. Am. pl. 26; Bot. Mag. pl. 2994; Raf.
Med. FI. pl. 47; Meehan, Nat. Fl. 2: pl. 29 (all as H. autumnale).

21. Helenium autumnale L. Sp. Pl. 886. 1753.

Helenia autumnalis Hill, Hort. Kew. 6. 1769.

Helenium longifolium Smith, in Rees, Cycl. 17: Helenium no. 2. 1811.
Heleniastrum autumnale Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

Helenium huronense Britton, in herb.

A tall perennial; stem 4-10 dm. high, branched above, narrowly angled, sparingly puberu-
lent or glabrate; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, ascending,
entire or denticulate, more or less pubescent or glabrate; heads radiate, corymbose; peduncles
3-8 em. long; bracts lance-subulate, about 5 mm. long; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules yellow,
10-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide; disk globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter; corollas 3 mm. long,
glandular-granuliferous; tube about 0.5 mm. long; achenes 1.5 mm. long, hispid on the ribs;
squamellae lanceolate, acuminate, laciniate, about 0.7 mm. long.

TYPE LocALity: Canada. .
DISTRIBUTION: Quebec, Ontario, New York, and mountains of Pennsylvania.
ILLusTRATIONS: Morison, Hist. sect. 6, pl. 6, f. 74; Cornuti, Can. Pl. 63.

22. Helenium macranthum Rydberg.
Helenium grandiflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 384. 1841. Not H. grandiflorum Gilib.
1781.

? Helenium tubuliflorum DC. Prodr. 5: 666. 1836.
Helenium autumnale grandiflorum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 12: 349. 1884.

A stout perennial; stem 3-10 dm. high, with rather prominent wings, densely puberulent
or hirsutulous; leaves broadly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, or the lower oblanceolate, 4-10
cm. long, acuminate, often dentate, densely short-pubescent; heads in flat-topped corymbs;
peduncles 5-10 cm. long; bracts subulate, 10-15 mm. long; ray-flowers pistillate; ligules
yellow, 10-20 mm. long; disk globose, 15-20 mm. in diameter; corollas 4 mm. long or nearly so,
glandular-granuliferousand puberulent; tube 0.5mm. long; throat deeply campanulate; achenes
nearly 2 mm. long, hispidulous on the ribs; squamellae 2 mm. long or more, lanceolate, lacerate,
acuminate into a long awn-tip.

TypE LOCALITY: Banks of the Oregon [Columbia River]. day :
DISTRIBUTION: Saskatchewan and North Dakota to Oregon, British Columbia, and the Mac-
kenzie.

128 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

23. Helenium montanum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 384.
1841.

? Helenium pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 227. 1789.
Helenium autumnale A. Gray, in Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4: 107. 1857. Not H.autumnaleL. 1753.
? Helenium autumnale pubescens Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 339. 1894.

A stout perennial; stem 3-10 dm. high, narrowly winged, densely short-pubescent, very
leafy, branched above; leaves yellowish-green, decidedly short-hirsutulous, 4-10 cm. long,
usually denticulate, or subentire, rarely with coarser teeth, lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute
at each end; heads radiate, corymbose; bracts about 5 mm. long, lance-subulate; ray-flowers
pistillate; ligules yellow, 6-10 mm. long; disk globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter;
corollas 3 mm. long, glandular-granuliferous and somewhat puberulent; tube less than
0.5 mm. long; throat deeply campanulate; achenes fully 1.5 mm. long, hispidulous on the
ribs; squamellae 1.5 mm. long, lanceolate, fimbriate, acuminate into a distinct awn-tip.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rocky Mountain range on the border of Lewis River (Snake River) [Idaho

(?)].

DISTRIBUTION: Manitoba to Kansas, New Mexico, Washington, and British Columbia.

24. Helenium parviflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 384.
1841.
Heleniastrum parviflorum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A branched perennial; stem 3-7 dm. high, slightly winged, puberulent; lower leaves
oblanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, thin, puberulent, the upper smaller, 4-8 cm. long, elliptic-lanceo-
late, acute, entire or denticulate, yellowish-green; heads radiate, corymbose; bracts subulate,
5 mm. long; receptacle ovoid; ray-flowers pistillate or neutral; ligules 10-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm.
wide, contracted into a narrow base; disk yellow, 8-10 mm. broad, subglobose; corollas
2.5 mm. long, glandular-granuliferous; tube less than 0.5 mm. long; achenes 1.5 mm. long,
hispidulous on the ribs; squamellae lanceolate, fimbriate, acuminate, about 0.7 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia.
DISTRIBUTION: Georgia to Missouri, Arkansas, and Florida.

25. Helenium campestre Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 1291. 1903.

A tall perennial; stem 5-10 dm. high, sparingly villous, rather broadly winged below,
narrowly so above, sparingly branched above; branches at an angle of 30°-45°; basal and lower
cauline leaves 5-9 cm. long, spatulate or oblanceolate, pinnately lobed above the middle,
sparingly villous; upper stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire or denticulate; heads
corymbose, radiate; bracts lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long; receptacle broadly ovoid; ray-flowers
neutral; ligules 2.5-3 em. long, 10-12 mm. wide, 3-lobed with a narrow claw; disk purplish,
more than 1 cm. broad; corollas 3 mm. long, glandular-granuliferous; tube about 0.5 mm.
long; achenes 2 mm. long, hispidulous on the ribs; squamellae ovate, obtuse, 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Little Rock, Arkansas.
DISTRIBUTION: Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas.

26. Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 384.
1841.
Helenium quadridentatum Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 98. 1835. Not H. quadridentatum Labill.

| [o> PF
? Helenium flexuosum Raf. New FI. 4: 81. 1838.
? Helenium dichotomum Rat. New FI. 4: 81. 1838.
Helenium micranthum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. IT. i 385. 1841.
Leptopoda brachypoda T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 388. 1842
Helenium purpureum Hale; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 388, as synonym. 1842.
Helenium atropurpureum Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1845: 21. 1845.
? Helenium atropurpureum grandicephalum Lemaire, Ill. Hort. pl. 375. 1863.
Helenium Brachypoda Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870.
Helenium seminariense Featherman, La. Univ. Rep. 1870: 74. 1871.
Heleniastrum nudiflorum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A tall perennial; stem 2-10 dm. high, simple below, narrowly winged, puberulent; basal
leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 5-10 cm. long, thin, short-petioled, more or less hirsute,
entire or repand; upper stem-leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, puberulent;

Part 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 129

heads corymbose, radiate or discoid; bracts linear-subulate, 5-7 mm. long; ray-flowers neutral;
ligules 1-1.5 cm. long, with a narrow base, yellow or partly or wholly brown-purple (H. pur-
pureum and H. atropurpureum) or wanting; disk ovoid-globose, brownish-purple, 6-10 mm.
broad; corollas 2-2.5 mm. long, glandular-granuliferous; tube minute; achenes about 1 mm.
long; squamellae ovate or lanceolate, acute to awn-tipped, 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Plains of Red River, Arkansas.
DISTRIBUTION: Rhode Island; Pennsylvania to Illinois, Arkansas; Texas, and Florida.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Ill. Hort. pl. 106; pl. 375(?).

27. Helenium polyphyllum Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 1291. 1903.

A much branched perennial; stem 3-8 dm. high, broadly winged, puberulent; basal
leaves oblanceolate, the upper linear-lanceolate, numerous, 2-10 cm. long, acute, entire or
undulate, puberulent; heads very numerous, corymbose; peduncles 2-5 cm. long; bracts
narrowly linear or linear-subulate, 5-8 mm. long; receptacle decidedly ovoid; ray-flowers
neutral; ligules yellow, 6-15 mm. long; disk ovoid-globose, purple, 8-10 mm. broad;
corollas 2—2.5 mm. long, glandular-granuliferous; tube minute; achenes about 1 mm. long,
hispid on the angles; squamellae lanceolate, acuminate, nearly 1 mm. long.

‘TYPE LocaLity: Not given; but the type was collected at Jackson, Tennessee.
DISTRIBUTION: Illinois to Arkansas and Georgia.

28. Helenium fimbriatum (Michx.) Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870.

Gaillardia fimbriata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 142. 1803.
Leptopoda fimbriata T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387. 1842.
Heleniastrum fimbriatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A simple perennial, with a root-stock; stem 5-9 dm. high, glabrous, narrowly winged;
basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 1-1.5 dm. long, glabrous, entire; upper leaves linear-
lanceolate or linear, acute or attenuate; heads usually solitary, radiate; bracts linear-subulate,
7-10 mm. long, reflexed; ray-flowers neutral; ligules 1.5-2 cm. long, with narrow acute divi-
sions; disk yellow, about 15 mm. broad; corollas 5 mm. long; tube very short; throat cylindric;
achenes fully 1 mm. long, hirsute on the ribs; squamellae about 2 mm. long, dissected half
way into bristle-like divisions.

TYPE LOCALITY: In swamps, from Carolina to Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: (South Carolina?); Florida to Texas.

29. Helenium Curtisii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 204. 1874.

Leptopoda brevifolia 8B T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387. 1842.

Leptopoda integrifolia M. A. Curt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387, assynonym. 1842.

Heleniastrum Curtisit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891. tag
Helenium integrifolium C. Mohr, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 6: 811. 1901. Not H. integrifolium

Benth. & Hook. 1881.

A simple perennial, with a rootstock; stem 5-10 dm. high, narrowly winged, simple or
slightly branched above, glabrous; basal leaves oblanceolate, 1-1.5 dm. long, sparingly puberu-
lent, undulate; stem-leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, entire; heads solitary
or 2 or 3, on long peduncles; peduncles 1-3 dm. long, thickened upwards; bracts lanceolate to
lance-subulate, 5-8 mm. long; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 15-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm,
wide, with 3-4 obtuse lobes; disk 18-20 mm. broad, hemispheric; corollas 4.5-5 mm. long;
tube very short; throat cylindric; achenes 1.5 mm. long, hirsute on the ribs; squamellae 6-8,
obovate, entire, obtuse, 1.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Raleigh, North Carolina.
DISTRIBUTION: North Carolina to Florida.

30. Helenium Helenium (Nutt.) Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 1292. 1903.

Leptopoda Helenium Nutt. Gen. 2: 174. 1818.

Leptopoda helenioides Cass. Dict. Hist. Nat. 26: 80. 1823.
Leptopoda decurrens MacBride; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 446. 1824.
Leptopoda denticulata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 373. 1841.
Helenium Leptopoda Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870.

130 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

Helenium Nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 204. 1874.
Heleniastrum Helenium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A simple perennial, with a rootstock; stem glabrous, 3-7 dm. high, slightly winged; basal
leaves several, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 1-1.5 dm. long, entire or undulate or denticulate;
stem-leaves few, linear, slightly decurrent, glabrous; heads solitary, radiate; peduncles 1-3
dm. long; bracts numerous, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, spreading; ray-flowers
neutral, numerous; ligules yellow, 10-18 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk yellow, depressed-
hemispheric, 1.5-2 em. broad; corollas 4.5 mm. long; tube 0.5 mm. long; achenes 1 mm. long,
glabrous; squamellae 6-8, 1.5—2 mm. long, ovate, erose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Open swamps of Carolina. ;
DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana.

31. Helenium incisum (T. & G.) Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870.

Leptopoda incisa T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387. 1842.
Helenium Nuttallii incisum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 204. 1874.

A simple slender perennial, with a short rootstock; stem 3-7 dm. high, glabrous or sparingly
puberulent, only slightly winged; basal leaves linear-oblanceolate or linear, rather thick,
5-10 cm. long, pinnately lobed or coarsely toothed, the lobes or teeth alternate; upper stem-
leaves linear or linear-subulate, merely dentate; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, thickened below the
head; bracts linear-subulate, 5-8 mm. long, spreading, in age recurved; ray-flowers neutral;
ligules yellow, 1-1.5 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, deeply lobed; disk yellow, 15-20 mm. broad;
corollas 4 mm. long; tube minute; achenes 1.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly glandular-
granuliferous; squamellae oval, fimbriate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia.
DISTRIBUTION: Georgia to Mississippi.

32. Helenium vernale Walt. Fl. Car. 210. 1788.

Leptopoda puberula 'T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387, mainly. 1842. Not L. puberula MacBride. 1824.
Heleniastrum vernale Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A simple perennial; stem 3-6 dm. high, more or less puberulent or short-villous, striate,
scarcely winged; basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 5-10 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, not
fleshy, more or less puberulent, entire or undulate, rarely denticulate; stem-leaves lanceolate,
much smaller, entire; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, thickened under the involucre; head solitary;
bracts lance-subulate, 5-6 mm. long, often purplish, spreading, in age recurved; ray-flowers
many, neutral; ligules yellow, about 1 cm. long; disk 1.5—2 cm. broad, depressed-hemispheric;
corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; tube very short; achenes 1.5-2 mm. long, hir-
sutulous on the ribs; squamellae oblong, erose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Carolina.
DISTRIBUTION: Carolina to Florida.

33. Helenium pinnatifidum (Schw.) Rydberg.

Leptopoda puberula MacBride; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 445. 1824.

? Leptopoda floridana Raf. Atl. Jour. 147. 1832.

Leptopoda pinnatifida Schw.; Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 372. 1841.

Leptopoda puberula pinnatifida T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 387. 1842.

Helenium puberulum Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870. Not H. puberulum DC. 1836.

Helenium vernale A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 12: 350, mainly. 1884. Not H. vernale Watt. 1788.
A simple perennial, with a rootstock; stem 3-7 dm. high, more or less puberulent or short-

villous; basal leaves linear-oblanceolate, usually coarsely toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat

puberulent, somewhat fleshy, 5-20 cm. long; stem-leaves small, linear or lance-linear, dentate

to entire; heads solitary, 5-15 cm. long, enlarged under the involucre; bracts 5-7 mm. long,

spreading, at last recurved; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 6-10 mm. long, deeply cleft;

disk yellow, 1-2 cm. broad; corollas 4.5 mm. long; tube very short; achenes 1.5—2 mm. long,

hirsute on the angles; squamellae oblong, 1.5 mm. long, erose.

TYPE LOCALITY: East Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: North Carolina to Florida and Alabama.

PART 2; 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 131

34. Helenium brevifolium (Nutt.) Wood, Bot. & Fl. 182. 1870.

Leptopoda brevifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 373. 1841.
Heleniastrum brevifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 342. 1891.

A simple perennial, with a rootstock; stem 3-8 dm. high, glabrous or glabrate, only slightly
winged; basal leaves spatulate, 5-8 cm. long, obtuse, entire or undulate, rather thick, gla-
brous; stem-leaves smaller, oblanceolate, entire, acutish; heads sotitary or rarely 2; peduncles
5-20 em. long; bracts linear-lanceolate or linear, 8-10 mm. long, acute; ray-flowers neutral;
ligules yellow, 1-1.5 em. long; disk purplish or brown, 10-18 mm. broad; corollas 4 mm,
long; tube very short; achenes 1.5 mm. long, hirsutulous on the ribs; squamellae oval, nearly
entire.

TYPE LOCALITY: South Carolina.
DISTRIBUTION: North Carolina to Florida and Alabama.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

HELENIUM AESTIVALE Walt. Fl. Car. 210. 1788.
HELENIUM SEROTINUM Walt. Fl. Car. 210. 1788.
HELENIUM ANCEPS Raf. New Fl. 4: 81. 1838.
HELENIUM TRAXILUM Raf. New FI. 4: 82. 1838.
HELENIUM UNDULATUM Maund; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 733, hyponym. 1841.
On account of the short and inadequate descriptions of Walter’s and Rafinesque’s species
named above, they can not be determined without authentic specimens.

68. AMBLYOLEPIS DC. Prodr. 5: 667. 1836.

Annual caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, thin, entire, the upper partly clasping, never
punctate. Heads radiate. Involucre rotate; bracts of two kinds, the outer foliaceous, in
age reflexed; the inner smaller, scarious and resembling the pappus-scales. Receptacle
strongly convex to ovoid, alveolate. Ray-flowers 6-10, pistillate and fertile; ligules yellow,
oblong, 3-lobed. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite, fertile; corollas glabrous; tube narrow,
often curved; throat fully as long, funnelform; lobes glabrous, ovate. Style-branches trun-
cate. Achenes obconic, almost equally 10-ribbed. Pappus of about 5, broadly ovate, obtuse
squamellae without midrib.

Type species, Amblyolepis setigera DC.

1. Amblyolepis setigera DC. Prodr. 5: 668. 1836.

Helenium setigerum Britton & Rusby, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 11. 1887.

A caulescent annual; stem 1-5 dm. high, glabrous or sparingly ciliate; lower leaves oblance-
olate or spatulate, 5-10 cm. long, thin, sparingly ciliate; stem-leaves lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, often short-pointed, sessile and more or less clasping; peduncles 1-2 dm. long;
outer bracts lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, 7-9 mm. long, densely ciliate-pilose, the hairs
often with pustulate bases; inner bracts scarious, oblong, about half as long; ligules yellow,
2-2.5 em. long, 5-6 mm. wide; disk-corollas yellow, glabrous, 6 mm. long; tube nearly 2 mm,
long; throat funnelform; lobes ovate; achenes 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, short, brown-hairy;
squamellae 2.5—3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Bexar and Austin, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Coahuila.

69. GAILLARDIA* Foug. Mém. Acad. Sci. Paris 1786: 5. 1788.

Calonnea Buchoz; Lam. Encyc. 2: 590, as synonym. 1788.
Virgilia L,/Hér. Virgilia. 1788.
Polatherus Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818.

* First described as Gaillarda, with no species named (Foug. Obs. Phys. 29: 55. 1786); spelled
Galardia (Lam. Encyc. 2: 590. 1788) by others; these are here treated as mere variant spellings.

132 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

Guentheria Spreng. Syst. 3: 356. 1826.
Cercostylis Less. Syn. Comp. 239. 1832.
Agassizia Gray & Engelm.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1: 49. 1847. Not Agassizia Chav. 1830.
Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, rarely suffruticose at the base, either scapose or
eaulescent. Leaves alternate or basal, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, often in the same species.
Heads radiate or discoid, peduncled. Involucre saucer-shaped or rotate in anthesis; bracts
in 2-3 series, ovate, oblong or lanceolate, at least the upper half strongly reflexed in fruit.
Receptacle convex to subglobose, alveolate, usually more or less fimbrillate, the fimbrillae from
soft and short-conic, to elongate-subulate, stiff and spine-like or bristle-like. Ray-flowers
usually neutral, rarely pistillate and fertile, often wanting; ligules, if present, broad, cuneate
or flabelliform, deeply 3-cleft, yellow, or purple, or both. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and
fertile; corolla-tube very short, glabrous, abruptly enlarged into the throat; throat from deeply
campanulate, nearly cylindric, to trumpet-shaped, often puberulent; lobes from triangular or
ovate and obtuse to lanceolate and acuminate, or subulate from a broad base, pubescent with
glandular often moniliform hairs. Anthers auricled at the base. Style-branches appendaged;
appendages from glabrous and short to hispidulous and filiform. Achenes broadly obpyram-
idal, about twice as long as broad, wholly or partly covered by long, stiff, ascending hairs.
Type species, Gaillardia pulchella Foug.

Style-branches with glabrous appendages; acaulescent winter annuals.

Hairs of the achenes almost covering the short-awned pappus; rays fertile. 1. G. comosa.
Hairs of the achenes only half covering the long-awned pappus; rayssterile. 2. G. suavis.
Style-branches with long, hispidulous filiform appendages.
Fimbrillae of the receptacle reduced to small soft teeth; lobes of the disk-
corollas caudate-acuminate from a broad base.
Disk yellow.
Stem-leaves dentate with conspicuously callous-tipped teeth;
squamellae 0.3-0.5 mm. wide. 3. G. lutea.
Stem-leaves sinuate-denticulate or entire; squamellae 0.5-0.8 mm.
wide. 4. G. chrysantha.
Disk purplish or purplish-brown.
Branches divergent-ascending.
Heads long-peduncled; branches slender. 5. G. lanceolata.
Heads very short-peduncled. 6. G. fastigiata.
Branches erect, stiff; heads usually short-peduncled. 7. G. rigida.
Fimbrillae of the receptacle setiform or subulate, mostly surpassing the
achenes.
Lobes of the disk-corollas acuminate, covered externally with monili-
form hairs.
Herbaceous; leaves thin.
Perennials.
Involucral bracts villous and ciliate. 8. G. aristata.
Involucral bracts strigose, not ciliate. 9. G. Hallit.
Annuals.
Disk yellow. 10. G. villosa.

Disk purple.
Squamellae rather narrowly lanceolate, gradually attenu-
ate into the awn; leaves densely short-hairy beneath,
the lower inclined to be round-lobed and the upper
_ acute. 11. G. pulchella.
Squamellae ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acumi-
nate into the awn; leaves sparingly long-hairy, the
lower acutely lobed and the upper acuminate. 12
Suffruticose; leaves fleshy. 13.
Lobes of the disk-corollas short and broad.
Plants hirsute or villous; leaves not coriaceous, nor conspicuously
punctate; caudex, if any, neither very thick nor multicipital.
Achenes glabrate above; rays purple or maroon.
Annual; bracts ciliate; rays more than 1] cm. long. 14.
Perennial; bracts not ciliate; rays less than 1 cm. long. ily,
Achenes densely villous all over; rays yellow except in G.
nervosa.
Pappus-squamellae lanceolate, awn-pointed.
Disk purple or brown; leaf-segments more or less ascend-
ing.
Leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate in
outline, entire or with a few linear lobes. 16. G. linearis.
Leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate in outline.
Leaves except the earliest ones pinnatifid with
narrow divisions.
Ligules yellow, not strongly veined; disk-
corollas with purple limb; pappus much
exceeding the hairs of the achenes. 17. G. pinnatifida.

. Drummondii.
. picta.

AQ

. Amblyodon.
. mexicana.

aN

ParT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 133

Ligules yellowish-pink, with dark-purple veins;
disk-corollas olive-brown; hairs of the achenes
nearly covering the body of the squamellae. 18. G. nervosa.
Leaves entire or lobed with broad divisions.
Perennial with a thick root.
Plant caulescent, leafy half its length or

more, puberulent. 19. G. gracilis.
Plant subacaulescent, leafy only at the
base, densely villous. 20. G. crassa.
Annual or biennial. 4 21. G. Mearnsii.

Disk pale-yellow; leaf-segments divaricate. 22. G. flava.
Pappus-squamellae elliptic, muticous or with a very short
awn-tip; disk yellow.
Ligules 15-20 mm. long; plant long-hairy; leaves deeply
dissected. 23. G. crinita.
Ligules 10-15 mm. long; plant short-hairy; leaves with
shorter lobes or merely toothed.
Squamellae with distinct midrib, usually excurrent
into a short awn-point. 2
- Squamellae without distinct midrib, muticous. 2
Plants minutely and sparingly puberulent; caudex thick, woody,
multicipital; leaves entire and conspicuously punctate.
Plant distinctly caulescent; leaves spatulate to linear.

4. G. Pringlei.
5. G. arizonica,

Disk purplish; stem-leaves oblanceolate to linear. 26. G. multiceps.
Disk yellow; stem-leaves spatulate. 27. G. spathulata,
Plant acaulescent, scapose; basal leaves broadly obovate; disk
yellow. 28. G. Parryi.

1. Gaillardia comosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 34. 1883.

A subscapose annual; leaves all basal, once or twice pinnatifid or some laciniate; lobes
oblong, more or less toothed; scape about 1 dm. high; involucral bracts in 3 series, about 1 cm,
long; fimbrillae of the receptacle short, soft; ray-flowers fertile; ligules 6-8 mm. long, yellow;
disk about 2 cm. broad, yellowish-brown; corollas 6 mm. long; tube very short, scarcely 1 mm.
long; throat campanulate ; lobes very short and obtuse; achenes about 3 mm. long, densely
long-villous, the hairs longer than the pappus and almost equaling the corollas; squamellae
about 3 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, with the midrib excurrent into a short awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Saltillo, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila.

2. Gaillardia suavis (Gray & Engelm.) Britton & Rusby, Trans.

Ni Vee eect» Esoge

A gassizia suavis Gray & Engelm.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1: 49. 1847...
Gaillardia simplex Scheele, Linnaea 22: 160. 1849.

? Gaillardia tuberculata Scheele, Linnaea 22: 349. 1849.

Gaillardia odorata Lindheimer; A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 230. 1850.
Gaillardia trinervata Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1293. 1903.

A scapose winter annual; leaves basal, somewhat lyrately once or twice pinnatifid or the
earliest merely lobed, or spatulate or oblanceolate, triple-ribbed and merely dentate (G,
trinervata), 8-15 cm. long, petioled, sparingly hairy on the margins and veins; divisions lanceo-
late or triangular, acute, often sinuately toothed; scape 2-6 dm. high, striate, more or less
hirsute; heads radiate or discoid; bracts oblong, acute, about 1 cm. long, sparingly long-hairy;
ray-flowers usually not well developed, either neutral or styliferous but sterile, or wanting;
ligules yellow, lilac, or purplish, 1 cm. long or less, 3-cleft, often irregularly so; disk purple,
1.5-—2 cm., or in fruit 2-3 cm. broad; corollas about 6 mm. long; tube less than 1 mm. long;
throat elongate-campanulate, glabrous; lobes ovate, glandular-pubescent; achenes 3 mm,
long, densely hirsute; squamellae ovate-lanceolate, the body about 5 mm. long, produced into
an awn 2-3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Plains near Bexar, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Oklahoma, Texas. and Coahuila.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3978; ed. 2. f. 4548.

3. Gaillardia lutea Greene, Pittonia 5: 57. 1902.

A coarse, caulescent annual or biennial; stem roughish-puberulent or cinereous, 4-6 dm,
high, with ascending branches; stem-leaves sessile, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, coarsely

134 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

serrate with callous-tipped teeth, 3-6 cm. long, densely rough-puberulent on both sides;
peduncles 3-6 cm. long; bracts lanceolate or the outer ovate, grayish-strigose; fimbrillae
short and soft; ray-flowers neutral, yellow; ligules about 12 mm. long, cuneate-flabelliform,
3-cleft one third their length; disk yellow; corollas 6-7 mm. long; tube less than 1 mm. long;
throat cylindro-campanulate, puberulent; lobes subulate from a broad base, glandular-puberu-
lent; achenes 2 mm. long, comparatively short-hirsute; squamellae linear-lanceolate, attenuate,
with the awn equaling the corolla.

TYPE LOCALITY: Malden, Missouri.
DISTRIBUTION: Missouri.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. f. 4545.

4, Gaillardia chrysantha Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1293. 1903.
? Gaillardia lanceolata flavovirens C. Mohr, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 6: 812. 1901.

A caulescent annual or biennial; stems 3-6 dm. high, usually with more or less spreading
branches, puberulent; basal leaves petioled; blades spatulate or elliptic, 5-6 cm. long, dentate,
more or less short-pubescent on both sides; stem-leaves oblanceolate, oblong or the upper
oblong-linear, sessile, 2-8 cm. long, undulate, sinuately toothed, or entire; peduncles 1-2 dm.
long; involucral bracts 7-11 mm. long, the outer ovate, the inner lanceolate, acute, canescent-
strigose; fimbrillae of the receptacle short, conic; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 8-12
mm. long, flabelliform, 3-lobed about one-third their length; disk yellow, 10-15 mm. broad;
corollas 6-7 mm. long; tube less than 1 mm. long, glabrous; throat cylindro-campanulate;
lobes subulate from a broad base, glandular-puberulent; achenes 2-3 mm. long, comparatively
short-hirsute; squamellae linear-lanceolate, attenuate into an awn, together equaling the
corolla.

TYPE LOCALITY: Bowie County, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Arkansas to Alabama and Texas. *

5. Gaillardia lanceolata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 142. 1803.

Gaillardia bicolor Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 572, in part. 1814. Not G. bicolor Lam. 1788.
Polypteris integrifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 659, in part. 1836.

A caulescent annual or biennial; stem 3-7 dm. high, cinereous-puberulent, with slender
more or less spreading branches; lower leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, petioled, 5-10 cm.
long, dentate or sinuate, hirsutulous-puberulent on both sides; stem-leaves oblanceolate,
oblong, or linear, entire or remotely serrate, sessile, 2-8 cm. long, acute; peduncles 5—20 cm.
long; involucral bracts oblong to lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, acute or acuminate, more or less
canescent; fimbrillae of the receptacle short or obsolete; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow,
cuneate, 1-2 cm. long, three-cleft; disk 1-1.5 cm. or in fruit up to 2 cm. broad, purple; corollas
6-7 mm. long; tube 1 mm. long; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes subulate from a broad base;
achenes 2 mm. long, comparatively short-hirsute; squamellae narrowly lanceolate, with the
awn equaling the corollas.

TYPE LOCALITY: Carolina.
DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina to Florida, Texas, and Kansas.
ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3975.

6. Gaillardia fastigiata Greene, Pittonia 5: 57. 1902.

A caulescent biennial; stem 3-4 cm, high, canescent-puberulent, with short, more or less
spreading branches; lower leaves spatulate, undulate or toothed, 5-8 cm. long, scabrous-
puberulent; upper stem-leaves oblanceolate or linear-oblong, acute, sessile; peduncles 1-4 cm.
long; bracts lanceolate, acute or the inner acuminate, canescent, about 1 em. long; fimbrillae
of the receptacle short, conic; ray-flowers neutral; ligules 10-12 mm. long, wholly yellow or
copper-red at the base; disk purple, 15-20 mm. broad; corollas 6 mm. long; tube less than
1 mm. long; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes subulate, glandular-puberulent; achenes
2 mm. long, comparatively short-hirsute; squamellae narrowly lanceolate, with the awn
equaling the corolla.

‘TYPE LOCALITY: Sapulpa, Oklahoma.

DISTRIBUTION: Kansas to Texas.

PsrT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 135

7. Gaillardia rigida Small, sp. nov.

Gaillardia fastigiata Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1293, mainly. 1903. Not G. fastigiata Greene. 1902.

A caulescent annual or biennial; stem 2-4 dm. high, simple or with a few rigid, erect
branches, canescent-puberulent; lower leaves short-petioled, elliptic or spatulate, remotely
serrate or undulate, 4-6 cm. long, densely scabrous-puberulent; upper stem-leaves linear or
rarely oblong, acute, sessile; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; bracts aa lanceolate or lanceolate,
8-11 mm. long, canescent; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long; disk purple or
brown, 1.5—2 cm. broad; iellas about 7 mm. long; tube 1 mm. long; throat puberulent, cylin-
dro-campanulate; achenes 2 mm. long, short-hirsute; squamellae narrowly lanceolate, with
the awn equaling the corolla.

Type collected at Fort Smith, Arkansas, Bigelow 219 (herb. Columbia Univ.).
DISTRIBUTION: Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

8. Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 573. 1814.

Virgilia grandiflora Nutt.; Fraser, Cat. 1813. Not Gaillardia grandiflora Van Houtte. 1857.
Gaillardia bicolor Sims, Bot. Mag. ~l. 1602. 1813. Not G. bicolor Lam. 1788.

Polatherus scaber Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 268. 1818.

Gaillardia bicolor aristata Nutt. Gen. 2: 175. 1818.

Gaillardia rustica Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 18: 20. 1820.

Gaillardia perennis Loisel. Herb. Gen. Amat. 5: pl. 328. 1821.

Gailiardia lanceolata DC. Prodr. 5: 652, in part. 1836. Not G. lanceolata Michx. 1803.
Gaillardia Roezli Regel, Gartenflora 24: 289: 7 1875

Gaillardia aristata foliosa Lnell, Am. Midl. Nat. 2: 122. 1911.

Gaillardia bracteosa Standley, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 563: 2. 1912.

A caulescent herb, with a perennial root; stem mostly simple, striate, 3-6 dm. high, hirsute
with jointed hairs; lower leaves oblanceolate in outline, 5-20 em. long, more or less hirsute on
both sides, entire or variously toothed or lobed, short-petioled; upper stem-leaves lanceolate
or linear-lanceolate, sessile, entire or lobed or pinnatifid; peduncles 1-2 dm. long; involucral
bracts 1-2 cm. long, more or less villous as well as ciliate with moniliform hairs, lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate-aristate, more than twice as long
as the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules 1—-2.5 cm. long, yellow, or yellow with purple bases;
disk 15-30 mm. broad; corollas yellow below, purple above, 7—9 mm. long; tube about 1 mm,
long, glabrous; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes acuminate, ciliate with moniliform hairs;
achenes about 4 mm. long, densely hairy throughout; squamellae 6-7 mm. long, lanceolate,
rather abruptly acuminate; awn nearly twice as long as the body.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rocky Mountains [probably Montana].

DISTRIBUTION: Saskatchewan to Colorado, Oregon, and British Columbia.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Reg. pl. 1186; Bot. Mag. pl. 1602, 2940; Herb. Gen. Amat. #1. 328;
Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3976; ed. 2. f. 4546; Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 40. f. 3; Gartenflora
24: pl. 843; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 8: f. 90-93.

Gaillardia aristata X Drummondii (Gaillardia grandiflora Van Houtte, Fl. Serres 12: 1. 1857),

is a garden hybrid. IL LustTRATIONS: FI. Serres pl. 1183; Il. Hort. pl. 139.

9. Gaillardia Hallii Rydberg, sp. nov.

A caulescent herb, with a perennial root; stem 2—4 dm. high, finely strigose-hirsute; lower
leaves oblanceolate, petioled, 5-10 cm. long, entire or dentate, rather densely short-pubescent;
upper stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, entire; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; involucral bracts
canescent-strigose, 12-15 mm. long, lanceolate, rather abruptly acuminate; ray-flowers neutral;
ligules 10-15 mm. long, yellow; disk 1-2 cm. broad; corollas 6-7 mm. long, yellow below,
purplish above; tube 1 mm. long; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes acuminate, moniliform-
ciliate; achenes 3 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 6 mm. long, broadly lanceolate,
abruptly acuminate into an awn which is longer than the body.

Type collected in Oregon, in 1871, Elihu Hall 279 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Oregon.

10. Gaillardia villosa Rydberg, sp. nov.

A caulescent annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, long-villous, especially below, branched above;
leaves all linear-lanceolate, entire or denticulate, 3-8 cm. long, rather densely villous on both
sides, not clasping; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, ciliate, char-

136 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

taceous at the base, herbaceous and acuminate above, about 1 cm. long; ray-flowers neutral;
ligules yellow, 8-15 mm. long, deeply 3-cleft; disk about 15 mm. broad, yellow or brownish-
yellow; corollas 6 mm. long; tube about 1 mm. long, glabrous; throat cylindro-campanulate,
puberulent; lobes acuminate, ciliate with moniliform hairs; achenes 2 mm. long, sparingly
hirsute; squamellae 5 mm. long, ovate, attenuate into an awn.

Type collected in Bexar County, Texas, 1904, G. Jermy 40 (U. S. Nat. Herb.).

11. Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Mém. Acad. Sci. Paris 1786: 5. 1788.

Gaillardia bicolor Lam. Encyc. 2: 590. 1788.

Calonnea pulcherrima Buchoz; Lam. Encye. 2: 590, assynonym. 1788.
Virgilia helioides L/ Hér. Virgilia. 1788.

? Gaillardia lobata Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 459. 1862.

A caulescent annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, striate, short-hirsute with ascending hairs,
usually branched; lower leaves oblanceolate, short-petioled, 4-8 cm. long, more or less round-
lobed or toothed, densely short-hirsute below, more sparingly hairy with longer hairs above,
sometimes ciliate on the petioles and veins beneath; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at
the apex, sessile, broad and sometimes somewhat clasping at the base, 2-4 cm. long; peduncles
5-15 ecm. long; involucral bracts lanceolate, chartaceous at the base, herbaceous, hirsute and
ciliate above, long-acuminate; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate, stiff, longer than the
achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules 12-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, deeply 3-cleft, yellow
with purple base or wholly purple; disk 12-15 mm. broad; corollas yellow below, purple above,
6-7 mm. long; tube about 1 mm. long, glabrous; throat elongate-campanulate, puberulent;
lobes acuminate, ciliate with moniliform hairs; achenes 2—2.5 mm. long, densely hirsute all
over; squamellae 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, gradually attenuate into an awn equaling the body.

TYPE LOCALITY: Garden, the plants raised from seed from Louisiana.

DISTRIBUTION: Missouri and Nebraska to Colorado, New Mexico, and Louisiana.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Mém. Acad. Sci. Paris 1786: pl. 1; Lam. Tabl. Encye. pl. 708; L/Hér. Vir-
gilia pl. 1, 2; Smith, Exot. Bot. pl. 37; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3977; ed. 2. f. 4547.

12. Gaillardia Drummondii (Hook.) DC. Prodr. 5: 652. 1836.

Gaillardia bicolor Drummondii Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 3368. 1834.
Gaillardia bicolor Drummondii f. integerrima Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 3551. 1837.
Gaillardia picta tricolor Planch. F1. Serres 6: 337. 1851.

A caulescent annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, simple or branched, striate, puberulent and
villous with moniliform hairs; lower leaves oblanceolate, petioled, 5-10 em. long, more or less
lobed with lanceolate or triangular divisions, with scattered long hairson bothsides; upper leaves
sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, acuminate, entire or few-toothed; pe-
duncles 1—-1.5 dm. long; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, chartaceous only at the very base,
gradually long-attenuate, hirsute and ciliate; fimbrillae subulate, stiff, longer than the achenes;
ray-flowers neutral; ligules 15-18 mm. long, deeply 3-cleft, usually purple with yellow tips; disk-
corollas 6 mm. long; tube 1 mm. long; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes acuminate, ciliate
with moniliform hairs; achenes 2 mm. long, densely hirsute all over; squamellae 5-6 mm. long,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into an awn, which is longer than the body.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Brazos, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. pl. 3368, 3551; Fl. Cab. pl. 27; Fl. Serres pl. 643 [form].

13. Gaillardia picta Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. pl. 267. 1834.
Gaillardia pulchella picta A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 12: 352. 1884.

A caulescent plant, shrubby at the base, perennial but blooming the first year; stem low,
branched, 2-3 dm. high; branches densely long-hairy as well as puberulent; leaves fleshy,
densely pubescent with both long and short hairs, almost canescent, 5-10 em. long, oblanceolate
or linear-oblanceolate in outline, the earlier pinnately round-lobed, the rest entire and narrower; .
peduncles 2-10 em. long; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous nearly throughout, densely pubescent
and ciliate; fimbrillae stout, subulate, longer than the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules about
15 mm. long, wholly purple or tipped with yellow; disk-corollas 6 mm. long; tube about 1
mm. long; throat cylindro-campanulate; lobes acuminate, moniliform-ciliate; achenes 2 mm.

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 137

long, densely hirsute; squamellae 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, rather gradually attenuate into
an awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Louisiana.
DISTRIBUTION: Sea beaches, Texas to South Carolina and Florida.
ILLUSTRATION: Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. pl. 267.

14. Gaillardia Amblyodon Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. IJ. 12: 62. 1839.
? Gaillardia scabrosa Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 459. 1862.

A caulescent annual; stem 3-5 dm. high, simple or branched above, hispid with crisp hairs;
leaves sessile, oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, entire or dentate, hispidulous, 3-7 cm. long,
the upper slightly auriculate at the base; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; bracts 10-12 mm. long,
lanceolate, chartaceous and appressed at the base, the upper part herbaceous, hispid-ciliate
and caudate-attenuate; ray-flowers about 12, neutral; ligules brownish-purple, 15-20 mm.
long, 6-7 mm. wide, 3-lobed; disk purple, 10-15 mm. broad; corollas about 6 mm. long; tube
1 mm. long, glabrous; throat elongate, campanulate-funnelform; lobes triangular, glandular-
ciliate; achenes densely long-villous at the base, glabrous above; squamellae lanceolate,
produced into a short awn, together 5-6 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Texas.

DISTRIBUTION: Texas.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Mem. Am. Acad. II. 3: pl. 4; Meehan, Nat. Fl. 2: pl. 46; Bot. Mag. pl. 6081;
Fl. Serres pl. 2149.

15. Gaillardia mexicana A. Gray (; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 109.
hyponym. 1882), Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 34. 1883.
Gaillardia pulchella var. A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 120. 1852.

A caulescent perennial; stems 3-5 dm. high, puberulent, often tinged with red, branched
below; leaves lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, rather firm, puberulent, the lower short-petioled and
occasionally with oblong lobes, the upper entire and sessile; peduncles 1.5—-3 dm. long; involucral
bracts lance-subulate, attenuate, 7-10 mm. long; fimbrillae of the receptacle filiform-subulate,
as long as the achenes; ray-flowers 10-15, neutral, or wanting; ligules purple, 7-9 mm. long,
deeply cleft; disk 12-15 mm. broad, purple; corollas about 5 mm. long; tube very short; throat
elongate-campanulate; lobes deltoid, glandular-puberulent; achenes long-hirsute below, gla-
brous on the upper part; squamellae lanceolate; body 2 mm. long, produced into an awn fully
3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi.

16. Gaillardia linearis Rydberg, sp. nov.

A caulescent cespitose perennial, with a short branched suffruticose base; stems 2-3 dm.
high, striate, hirsute-strigose; leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, entire or with a
few rather salient narrow lobes below, 5-8 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, grayish short-pubescent;
peduncles 1-2 dm. long; involucral bracts 8-10 mm. long, lance-subulate, attenuate, short-
villous; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate, nearly equaling the achenes; ray-flowers neutral;
ligules yellow, 10-14 mm. long, 5—6 mm. wide; disk 12-18 mm. broad; corollas 5-6 mm. long,
yellow, or yellow below and purple above; tube less than 1 mm. long, glabrous; throat almost
campanulate; lobes ovate-triangular, glandular-fimbriate; achenes 3-4 mm. long, densely
hirsute; squamellae lanceolate, with strong midrib, produced into a slender awn, about equaling
the corolla.

Type collected at White Water, Chihuahua, June 18, 1892, Mearns 358 (herb. N. Y. Bot.
Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Arizona and Chihuahua.

17. Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 214. 1827.

A cespitose perennial, with a branched caudex; stems several, 1-3 dm. high, leafy towards
the base, more or less strigose-canescent; leaves 3-8 cm. long, more or less hirsute with crisp
hairs, pinnatifid with linear or oblong divisions, or the earlier ones oblanceolate or spatulate,

138 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA | VOLUME 34

merely lobed or toothed; peduncles 1-2 dm. long, rather slender; involucral bracts lance-
subulate, acuminate or attenuate, canescent, more or less villous below with flat hairs; fimbrillae
of the receptacle subulate, about equaling the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, not
conspicuously veined, 8-10 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, disk 15-20 mm. broad; corollas 5
mm. long, yellow with purplish limb; tube nearly 1 mm. long, glabrous; throat campanulate
to elongate-funnelform; lobes triangular, glandular-hispid; achenes 3 mm. long, densely silky-
hirsute; squamellae 6 mm. long, lanceolate, attenuate into an awn-tip, surpassing the disk-
corollas.

TYPE LOCALITY: On the Canadian.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas, Colorado, and southern Utah to Coahuila and Durango.

18. Gaillardia nervosa Rydberg, sp. nov.

A cespitose perennial; stems decumbent at the base, much branched, sparingly villous,
2-3 dm. high; leaves 4-7 cm. long, pinnatifid with linéar or lance-oblong, acute divisions,
sparingly villous, green; peduncles about 1 dm. long; involucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate,
about 7 mm. long, villous; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate, much shorter than the achenes;
ray-flowers pistillate (always?); ligules about 1 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, yellowish-pink with
very strong purplish veins; disk 15-20 mm. broad; corollas olive-brown, 5 mm. long; tube less
than 1 mm. long; throat campanulate, more or less glandular-puberulent; lobes triangular,
glandular-hispid; achenes 3 mm. long, densely long-hirsute, the hairs almost covering the
squamellae, which are lanceolate, 4 mm. long, with a short awn-tip.

Type collected at Carneros Pass, Coahuila, September 11, 1889, Pringle 2309 (herb. N. Y. Bot.
Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila to Zacatecas.

19. Gaillardia gracilis A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 37: 276. 1904.

A caulescent perennial, with a woody root and a short branched caudex; stems several,
somewhat branched, puberulent and villous, 3-7 dm. high, straw-colored; leaves sparingly
short-villous, oblanceolate in outline, 4-8 cm. long, from entire to more or less pinnatifid,
with oblong to rounded-ovate lobes; peduncles 1-2 dm. long; involucral bracts 8-10 mm.
long, lanceolate, acuminate, canescent and sparingly villous-ciliate; fimbrillae of the receptacle
subulate, shorter than the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, about 15 mm. long
and 10 mm. wide; disk hemispheric, about 2 cm. broad; corollas about 5 mm. long, yellow
below, purple above; tube very short, glabrous; throat cylindro-funnelform; lobes triangular,
glandular-hispid; achenes densely long-villous; squamellae about 10, narrowly lanceolate,
attenuate into a slender awn, about equaling the disk-corollas.

TYPE LOCALITY: Diamond Valley, Utah.
DISTRIBUTION: Utah.

20. Gaillardia crassa Rydberg, sp. nov.

A subscapose perennial, with a thick root and a cespitose caudex; stems 2-3 dm. high
leafy mostly at the base, puberulent and sparingly villous, striate; leaves mostly basal and a
few on the lower portion of the stem, spatulate or oblanceolate in outline, 5—8 cm. long, more
or less deeply lobed or coarsely toothed, rather thick, long-villous; peduncles 1-2 dm. long,
rather stout; involucral bracts 8-10 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, densely villous with
long flat hairs; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate, slightly shorter than the achenes; ray-
flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 10-13 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; disk 15-20 mm. broad, hemi-
spheric; corollas 6 mm. long, yellow below, purple above; tube glabrous, less than 1 mm. long;
throat cylindro-funnelform, puberulent; lobes triangular, glandular-hispid; achenes nearly
4 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae lanceolate with a distinct midrib, gradually acuminate,
into a slender awn, including the awn about 7 mm. long and slightly exceeding the corollas.

Type collected in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, May 12, 1884, C. G.

Pringle (herb. Columbia Univ.).
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and western New Mexico.

PaRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 139

21. Gaillardia Mearnsii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 443. 1910.

A caulescent annual; stems 1-3 dm. high, branched at and leafy towards the base, finely
pubescent; basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, petioled, 5-10 cm. long, puberulent, entire
or round-lobed; upper leaves similar or sometimes pinnatifid with round divisions; peduncles
1-2 dm. high, strigose; involucral bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 8-10 mm. long,
canescent-puberulent and sparingly villous; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate, scarcely as long
as the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 12-15 mm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, deeply
2- or 3-cleft; disk 15-20 mm. broad; corollas 6-7 mm. long, yellow at the base, purple above;
tube very short; throat cylindro-funnelform, puberulent; lobes short, rounded-oyate, fimbrillate
with moniliform hairs; achenes densely villous-hirsute; squamellae about 10, lanceolate, gradu-
ally attenuate into a slender awn equaling the corolla.

TYPE LOCALITY: Fort Verde, Arizona.
DIsTRIBUTION: Arizona and Utah.

22. Gaillardia flava Rydberg, sp. nov.

A yellowish-green perennial, somewhat woody at the base; stem leafy, sparingly hirsutu-
lous, much branched, about 3 dm. high, yellowish or in age straw-colored; leaves obovate in
outline, 3-5 cm. long, pinnately parted with divergent oblong or lanceolate, often few-toothed
divisions, hirsutulous and conspicuously punctate; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucral bracts
about 1 cm. long, lanceolate, long-acuminate, hirsutulous; ray-flowers neutral; ligules
pale-yellow, glandular-granuliferous, about 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, cuneate, deeply
3-cleft; disk light-yellow, 15-18 mm. broad; corollas 7 mm. long, puberulent; tube about 1
mm. long; throat narrowly cylindro-campanulate; lobes ovate, glandular-hirsute; achenes 2
mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, the midrib produced into
an awn between the lobes of the 2-cleft apex.

Type collected at the Lower Crossing [of the Colorado River], Utah, July 2, 1898, M. E. Jones
6412 (U.S. Nat. Herb.).

23. Gaillardia crinita Rydberg, sp. nov.

A scapose annual; leaves basal, crowded, 5-10 cm. long, long-villous with flat hairs, deeply
pinnatifid with oblong or lanceolate divisions; scape 1-2 dm. high, puberulent and sparingly
long-villous; involucral bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, attenuate, long-villous; fimbrillae
of the receptacle subulate; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 15-20 mm. long, 8 mm. wide;
disk 15-20 mm. broad, yellow; corollas 5-6 mm. long; tube very short; throat cylindro-funnel-
form; lobes triangular, glandular-hispid; achenes densely villous-hirsute; squamellae elliptic,
4 mm. long with a short awn-point or muticous.

Type collected on the Range Reserve plats, Tucson, Arizona, March 4, 1901, David Griffiths
2386 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Arizona.

24. Gaillardia Pringlei Rydberg, sp. nov.

A scapose or subscapose annual; leaves clustered at the base, 4-6 cm. long, usually pin-
nately lobed or sometimes merely toothed, with ovate lobes or teeth, villous with flat hairs;
scape 1-2 dm. high, short-pubescent; involucral bracts 8 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, villous
with long flat hairs; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate, about as long as the achenes; ray-
flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 10-15 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, deeply 3-lobed; disk yellow,
15-18 mm. broad, hemispheric; corollas 4-5 mm. long; tube glabrous, less than 1 mm. long;
throat puberulent; lobes triangular, glandular-hispid; achenes 4 mm. long, densely hirsute;
squamellae 8-10, ‘obovate, rounded or slightly retuse at the apex; midrib prominent and
excurrent into a short awn.

Type collected on mesa near Tucson, Arizona, in April, 1884, C. G. Pringle (herb. Columbia
Univ.).
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and southern Utah.

140 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

25. Gaillardia arizonica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 12: 353. 1884.
Gaillardia pedunculata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 432. 1909.

A subscapose annual; stems several, 1-2 dm. high, leafy mostly at the base, hirsute-strigose ;
leaves mostly basal, 4-6 cm. long, pinnately lobed with rounded to oblong crenate divisions,
somewhat villous-hirsute; peduncles 5-15 ecm. long; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate,
acute, villous with flat hairs, 7-8 mm. long; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate; ray-flowers:
neutral; ligules yellow, 10-12 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, deeply 3-lobed; disk yellow, 15-18
mm. broad, hemispheric; corollas 5 mm. long; tube less than 1 mm. long, glabrous;
throat cylindro-funnelform, slightly puberulent; lobes triangular, glandular-puberulent;.
achenes 3-4 mm. long, densely hirsute; squamellae 8-10, obovate, 2.5 mm. long, rounded or
retuse at the apex, without distinct midrib and awn.

TYPE LOCALITY: Given as ‘‘high plains of south Utah and Arizona,” but the type was collected
at Beaver Dam, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona, southern Utah, and Nevada. *

26. Gaillardia multiceps Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 512. 1897.

A caulescent perennial, with a thick woody caudex; stems several, strict, 2-3 dm. high,
finely puberulent, branched; leaves numerous, petioled, alternate; petioles less than 1 cm.
long; blades thick, puberulent, conspicuously punctate, 2—4 cm. long, the lower oblanceolate,
the upper almost linear, all entire; peduncles 2—5 cm. long; involucral bracts ovate-lanceo-
late, caudate-acuminate, hirsute, chartaceous at the base, with reflexed tips; fimbrillae of
the receptacle setaceous, shorter than the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 8-10:
mm. long; disk 15-18 mm. broad; corollas yellow with purplish limb, 5-6 mm. long; tube very
short; throat trumpet-shaped; lobes triangular, glandular-hirsute; achenes densely villous-
hirsute; squamellae narrowly lanceolate, including the awn 6 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: South of Woodruff, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona.

27. Gaillardia spathulata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 59. 1876. -

A caulescent perennial, with a thick woody caudex; stems 1-2 dm. high, branched, leafy,
puberulent; leaves petioled, scattered, alternate; petioles about 1 cm. long or less; blades:
spatulate, or the upper oblanceolate, 1.5-4 cm. long, puberulent and conspicuously punctate,
thick; peduncles 3-5 cm. long; involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, hirsute;
fimbrillae of the receptacle setaceous, shorter than the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules.
yellow, 10-12 mm. long, deeply 3-cleft; disk yellow, about 1.5 cm. broad; corollas about 6
mm. long; tube very short; throat funnelform; lobes triangular, ovate, pubescent; achenes.
densely villous all over; squamellae lanceolate, including the awns 6-7 mm. long, surpassing
the corollas.

TYPE LOCALITY: Rabbit Valley, Utah.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Utah.

28. Gaillardia Parryi Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 512. 1897.
Gaillardia acaulis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 73. 1874. Not G. acaulis Pursh. 1814.

An acaulescent perennial, with a thick woody root and a multicipital caudex; leaves.
basal, crowded, petioled; petioles 1-3 cm. long; blades obovate or oval, 2-5 cm. long, thick,
minutely puberulent and conspicuously punctate; scape 1-3 dm. long, puberulent; heads.
solitary; involucral bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 6-8 mm. long, short-villous, only
the tips reflexed, the bases somewhat chartaceous; fimbrillae of the receptacle subulate,
shorter than the achenes; ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow, 10-15 mm. long, deeply 3-cleft,.
with lanceolate divisions; disk yellow; corollas 7-8 mm. long, villous; tube minute; throat
trumpet-shaped; lobes triangular; achenes densely villous throughout; squamellae about 9,
lanceolate, nearly 1 mm. wide, including the awn-tip 6 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Utah.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Utah and northern Arizona. 4

PARD 2; 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 141

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

GAILLARDIA AMARA Raf. Fl. Ludov. 69. 1817. This is wholly indeterminable, probably
not a Gaillardia at all.

Subtribe 14. FLAVERIANAE. Heads in corymbiform cymes, 1-10-
flowered, usually radiate but the rays inconspicuous.- Involucre elliptic or
campanulate; bracts 1-8, subtended by 1 or 2 small calyculate ones (or these
rarely wanting). Ray-flowers 1—5; ligules small, yellow. Disk-flowers yellow;
corolla-tube glandular, equaling or longer than the campanulate or funnel-
form throat. Achenes oblong-ellipsoid, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus squamellate or
wanting.

Ligules 3-5, spreading; pappus of more or less united squamellae or squamellae

and bristles. k ; 70. SARTWELLIA.
Ligule 1, ascending, or wanting; pappus wanting or of 2-4 distinct squamellae. 71. FLAVERIA.

70. SARTWELLIA A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 122. 1852.

Slender perennial herbs. Leaves narrowly linear, opposite. Heads radiate, 10-20-
flowered, in corymbiform cymes. Involucre campanulate; bracts 5 or 6, oval or elliptic,
yellowish. Receptacle glabrous. Ray-flowers 3-5; ligules oval, 5-toothed, spreading, yellow.
Disk-flowers 9-15; corolla-tube about equaling the turbinate throat; style-branches short,
compressed, truncate. Achenes 10-ribbed, almost cylindric; pappus of erose squamellae
wholly united into a crown, or else only united at the base, 5 in number and with 5 alternat-
ing bristles.

Type species, Sartwellia Flaveriae A. Gray.

Pappus-squamellae wholly united into a fimbriate crown; plant glabrous. 1. S. Flaveriae.
Pappus-squamellae 5, with 5 alternating bristles, united only at the base.

Plant glabrous; squamellae about 1 mm. long. 2. S. mexicana.
Plant puberulent; squamellae about 0.5 mm. long. 3. S. puberula.

1. Sartwellia Flaveriae A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 122, 1852.

An erect perennial herb; stems several, about 3 dm. high, glabrous; leaves narrowly
linear, 3-5 cm. long, 1 mm. wide or less, glabrous; heads 12—17-flowered; involucre 2.5-3 mm.
high; bracts 5 or 6, oval, membranous, glabrous; ray-flowers 3-5; ligules oval, 1.5 mm. long, 1
mm. wide; disk-corollas 2 mm. long; tube glandular-puberulent; achenes 2 mm. long, hispi-
dulous; pappus-squamellae wholly united into an erose crown, 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Prairies of the Rio Seco, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas, New Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: pl. 6.

2. Sartwellia mexicana A. Gray; (S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18:
107, hyponym. 1882), Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 34. 1884.

An erect perennial herb; stem 3-4 dm. high, branched above, glabrous; leaves narrowly
linear, 3-5 cm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, glabrous; heads about 10-flowered; involucre
glabrous, 2 mm. high; bracts 5 or 6, oval; ray-flowers 3-5; ligules oval, 1 mm. long; disk-
corollas 2 mm. long; tube glabrous; achenes 1 mm. long, hispidulous on the ribs; pappus of
5 oblong erose squamellae, 1 mm. long, and alternating with them 5 hispidulous bristles about
half longer, all united at the very base.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Monclova and San Lorenzo de Laguna, south of Parras, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila and Zacatecas.

3. Sartwellia puberula Rydberg, sp. nov.

An erect perennial (?) herb; stem 3 dm. high or more, densely puberulent; leaves nar-
rowly linear, about 5 cm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, densely puberulent; heads 12—20-flowered;
involucre puberulent, scarcely 2 mm. high; bracts 5, elliptic; ray-flowers 3-5; ligules 1-5
mm. long; disk-corollas fully 2.5 mm. long; tube puberulent; achenes 1 mm. long, hirsute;

142 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34

pappus of 5 oblong erose squamellae, 0.5 mm. long, and 5 bristles one half longer, all united

at the base.

Type collected on plains below San Carlos, Rio Grande, Texas, C. C. Parry (Mex. Bound. Surv.)
640 (herb. Columbia Univ.).

71. FLAVERIA Juss. (Gen. 186, hyponym. 1789); J. F. Gmel.
oyec. Nat: 2° 12692 11791.

Vermifuga R. & P. Prodr. Fl. Per. 114. 1794.
Brotera Spreng. Jour. Bot. Schrad. 18002: (189) 1. 5. 1801. Not Brotera Cass. 1799.
Nauenbergia Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2393. 1804.

Glabrous or puberulent herbs. Leaves opposite, narrow, entire or dentate, sessile, often
more or less connate. Heads numerous, narrow, sessile or short-pedicelled, in dense cymes or
glomerules, which are solitary or paniculate. Involucre of 1-8 subequal bracts, and some-
times 1 or 2 smaller outer ones. Receptacle small, naked or setose. Ray-flowers solitary,
pistillate and fertile, or wanting; ligules entire, emarginate, or 3-dentate, yellow, incon-
spicuous. Disk-flowers 1-15, hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla-tube often glandular- or
villous-puberulent, longer than the campanulate or shorter than the funnelform throat; limb
5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at the base, with a conic appendage at the apex. Style of the
hermaphrodite flowers 2-parted, reflexed, obtuse. Achenes oblong, somewhat compressed, 10-
ribbed; pappus wanting, or in one species of 2—4 distinct irregular squamellae.

Type species, Flaveria chilensis Juss.

Pappus wanting; leaves barely connate.
Receptacle setose; involucral bracts 1 or 2; heads 1-flowered; throat of the
disk-corollas campanulate (NAUENBERGIA). l. F. trinervia.
Receptacle naked; involucral bracts more than 2; heads 2—20-flowered,
except in F. anomala; throat of the disk-corollas funnelform (Eu-
FLAVERIA).
Involucral bracts 3, rarely 4.
Annuals.
Ligule erect, narrow. 2. F. bidentis.
Ligule spreading, oval or elliptic.
Outer calyculate bracts minute or wanting; leaves 3-ribbed. 3. F, robusta.
Outer calyculate bracts conspicuous.
Leaves serrate, distinctly 3-ribbed; achenes 2.5-3 mm.
long. 4. F. campestris.
Leaves entire or remotely denticulate; achenes 2 mm.
long or less.

Inflorescence compact; achenes nearly equal. 5. F. angustifolia.
Inflorescence open; ray-achenes one-third larger than
the disk-achenes. 6. F. intermedia.
Perennials.
Inflorescence much-branched, with few heads in each glomerule;
achenes subequal. 7. F. Palmeri.
Inflorescence densely corymbose; ray-achenes larger. 8. F. vaginata.
Involucral bracts 5-7.
Bracts corky-thickened below in fruit; flowers solitary. 9. F. anomala.

Bracts not thickened; flowers 2 or more in each head.
Heads 2-—8-flowered.
Plants rather simple below; lower internodes not very short;
leaves not fleshy; annuals.
Stem copiously branched above; leaves narrowly linear;
ray-achenes larger than disk-achenes. 10. F. ramosissima.
Stem rather simple; leaves lance-linear; achenes subequal. 11. F. latifolia.
Plants branched from the base; lower internodes very short;
leaves narrowly linear, fleshy; apparently perennials. 12. F. linearis.
Heads 10—15-flowered.
Ligules wanting; inflorescence naked.

Leaves mostly lance-linear, pubescent on both sides. 13. F. pubescens.
Leaves narrowly linear, glabrous. 14. F. oppositifolia.
Ligules present; inflorescence leafy-bracted. 15. F. floridana.
Pappus of 2—4 squamellae; leaves connate-perfoliate, broad; throat of the disk-
corollas elongate, funnelform (FLAVERIOPSIS). 16. F. chloraefolia.

1. Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
6: 810. 1901.

Oedera trinervia Spreng. Bot. Gart. Halle 63. 1800. .“
mp ia alg Spreng. Jour. Bot. Schrad. 18002: 1.5. 1801. Not Flaveria Contrayerba Pers.
1807.

Nauenbergia trinervata Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2393. 1804.

Part 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: HELENIEAE 143

Brotera trinervata Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 498. 1807.
Flaveria repanda Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 33. 1816.
Brotera Sprengelii Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 34: 306. 1825.
Flaveria trinervata Baillon, Hist. Pl. 8: 55. 1882.

A dichotomously and divaricately branched annual; stem erect, 3-12 dm. high, some-
times tinged with red, glabrate; leaves connate, lanceolate, 3-nerved, serrate, 3-9 cm. long,
the lower short-petioled; cymes congested and head-like, 2-2.5 cm, broad, axillary, subtended
by three pairs of leaves; heads small, usually 1-flowered, the flower either subligulate and
pistillate or regular and hermaphrodite; involucral bracts concave, | or 2, if the latter, the
outer shorter; corolla of the pistillate flowers 1.5 mm. long, the ligule oblique, 3-dentate;
corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers 2 mim. long; tube villous; throat campanulate; achene
2 mm. long, somewhat clavate; pappus wanting.

TyPE LOcALITy: Botanical garden, Halle (cultivated).

DISTRIBUTION: Alabama to Arizona, Oaxaca, and Yucatan; Cuba; also in South America.
Introduced at Westford, Massachusetts.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Jour. Bot. Schrad. 1800?: pl. 5; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 8: f. 94, 95.

2. Flaveria bidentis (I,.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3: 148. 1898.

Ethulia bidentis 1, Mant. 110. 1767.

Eupatorium chilense Molina, Sagg. Chile 142. 1782.

Milleria chiloensis Juss. Gen. 187, as synonym. 1789.

Flaveria chilensis Juss.; J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 1269. 1791.

Milleria Contrayerba Cav. Ic. 1: 2. 1791.

Vermifuga corymbosa R. & P. Syst. Fl. Per. 216. 1798.

Flaveria Contrayerba Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 489. 1807.

Flaveria capitata Juss.; Smith, in Rees, Cycl. 14: Flaveria no. 1. 1810.
Flaveria bonariensis DC. Prodr. 5: 635. 1836.

A dichotomously branched herb; stem 3-10 dm. high, sometimes tinged with red, gla-
brous or sparingly villous on the obtuse angles and the nodes; leaves slightly connate, lanceo-
late-elliptic, 3-ribbed, serrate, 3-8 cm. long, glabrous; cymes 2-2.5 cm. broad, with scorpioid
branches; heads 2-9-flowered; involucral bracts 3 with 1 or 2 small calyculate ones, the
principal ones 4 mm. long, oblanceolate, obtuse; ligule yellow, 1 mm. long, narrow, upright,
acute; disk-corollas 1-8, 2-3 mm. long; achenes 2 mm. long, that of the ray-flower slightly
larger.

TYPE LocaLity: “India?”

DistTRIBUTION: Alabama, Georgia, and Florida; Mexico; South America.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Ic. 1: pl. 4; R. & P. Prodr. Fl. Per. pl. 24; Bot. Mag. pl. 2400; Feuillée,
Jour. Obs. 3: pl. 14 [upper figure]; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 4°: f. 125.

3. Flaveria robusta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 337. 1895.

A somewhat dichotomously branched herb; stem about 12 dm. high, pubescent or glabrate
below; leaves linear-lanceolate or the upper linear, 4-13 cm. long, acuminate, tapering into
slender petioles, 3-ribbed, entire or serrulate; inflorescence open, corymbose; heads small,
3-flowered ; involucral bracts 3, incurved,'the calyculate ones minute or wanting; ligule orbicular,
2 mm. long; disk-flowers 2; corollas 2 mm. long; tube glandular, not longer than the funnelform
throat; achenes 1.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Colima.
DISTRIBUTION: Colima to Chihuahua.

4. Flaveria campestris J. R. Johnston, Proc. Am. Acad. 39: 287.
1903.

Flaveria angustifolia A. Gray (Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 88, hyponym. 1849); Coult. Contr. U. S.

Nat. Herb. 2: 234. 1892. Not F. angustifolia Pers. 1807.

A dichotomously branched herb; stem erect, glabrous, or pubescent only at the nodes;
leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, serrulate, 3-ribbed, narrowed at the base, slightly connate,
2.5-7 em. long, 1-2.5 em. wide; inflorescence densely cymose; heads 4+-5-flowered; involucral
bracts 3, nearly equal, 5 mm. long, the calyculate ones 2, unequal, 1-3 mm. long, linear-lanceo-
late; ligule oval, reflexed, 2.5 mm. long; disk-flowers 3-4; corollas 3 mm. long; tube slightly

144 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

villous, fully equaling the funnelform throat; achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, that of the ray slightly:
larger than the rest.

Type Locality: (Type not designated, but the first specimen cited was from Courtney, Mis-
souri.)

DISTRIBUTION: Missouri to Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3959; ed. 2. f. 4528.

5. Flaveria angustifolia (Cav.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 489. 1807.

Milleria angustifolia Cav. Ie. 3: 12. 1794.

Flaveria integrifolia Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 635, as synonym. 1836.
Flaveria radicans Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 635, as synonym. 1836.
Flaveria elata Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1887.

A dichotomously branched herb; stem 3-10 dm. high, glabrous below, puberulent on
the upper part; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-11 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, entire or minutely
denticulate, glabrous; inflorescence umbellate-corymbiform, nearly naked; heads densely
glomerate, 4—9-flowered; involucral bracts usually 3, rarely more, 4 mm. long, the calyculate
ones conspicuous, unequal; ray-flower 1 or sometimes wanting; ligule 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide;
disk-flowers 3-5, sometimes 6-8; corollas about 3 mm. long; tube slightly villous, about as
long as the funnelform throat; achenes nearly 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Nova Hispania’’ [Mexico].
DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca and Puebla.
ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Ic. pl. 223.

6. Flaveria intermedia J. R. Johnston, Proc. Am. Acad.
39: 287. 1903.

A dichotomously branched herb; stem about 3 dm. high, angled, purplish, pubescent;
leaves 1-5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, opposite or whorled; inflorescence loose, corymbiform;
heads few-flowered; involucral bracts 3, oblong, 3 mm. long or less, the calyculate ones con-
spicuous; ligule about 1.5 mm. long; disk-flowers 5 or 6; corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube glabrous,
about equaling the throat; achene of the ray 2.5 mm. long, those of the disk-flowers nearly
2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Plains of Yermo, Durango.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

7. Flaveria Palmeri J. R. Johnston, Proc. Am. Acad.
39: 290... 1903.

A perennial herb, with a thickened root; stems several, more or less reclining, branching,
glabrous; leaves lance-linear, sparingly denticulate, slightly connate, 1-4 cm. long; heads
about 5-flowered, in rather small cymes in corymbiform panicles; involucral bracts 3, oblong,
5 mm. long, the calyculate ones 1 or 2, minute; ligule oval, 3 mm. long; disk-corollas
3 mm. long; tube villous, not longer than the throat; achenes nearly 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

8. Flaveria vaginata Rob. & Greenm. Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 48.
1896.

A perennial herb, with a stout lignescent root; stems several, ascending or decumbent
or even prostrate, terete, striate, purplish, with the decurrent lines woolly; internodes very
short; leaves linear-lanceolate, clasping at the base, gradually attenuate, 1—3-ribbed, pale-
green, finely ciliate towards the base, often with fasciculate ones in the axils; heads 6—8-flowered,
closely aggregated into terminal solitary or corymbose-paniculate glomerules; involucral
bracts 3 or 4, hyaline, 4 mm. long; ligule 5 mm. long, 2- or 3-toothed; disk-flowers 5—7; corollas
3 mm. long; achene of the ray 2.25 mm. long, those of the disk-flowers 1.75 mm. long.

+

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Coixlahuaca and Tamazulapan, Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : HELENIEAE 145

9. Flaveria anomala B. L. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 27:
1892.

A glabrous annual herb; stem 1-2 dm. high, striate, angulate, much branched; leaves
linear or lance-linear, acute, 4-5 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, slightly connate at the base; heads
usually 1-flowered, numerous in dense almost capitate clusters; flower either ligulate or tubular;
bracts 5, lance-linear or oblong, unequally broad, in fruit tuberous-thickened below, 3 mm.
long; ligule 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; corolla of the hermaphrodite flower 2.5 mm. long;
tube somewhat glandular-puberulent, slightly shorter than the throat; achene fully 1.5 mm.
long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Vanegas, San Luis Potosi.
DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi.

10. Flaveria ramosissima Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1887.
Flaveria angustifolia ramosissima Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1887.

An annual herb; stem 2-5 dm. high, striate, diffusely branched, glabrate below, villous
above; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, remotely dentate, 1l-ribbed, 2.5—-5 cm. long,
about 2 mm. wide, connate at the base; inflorescence corymbiform; peduncles and pedicels
winged; heads 5-flowered; involucral bracts 5, oblong, 3 mm. long, the calyculate ones evident,
but short; ligule 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-flowers about 4; corollas 2 mm. long; tube
rather shorter than the throat; ray-achene 1.5 mm. long; disk-achenes 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Tehuacan, Puebla.
DISTRIBUTION: Puebla.

11. Flaveria latifolia (J. R. Johnston) Rydberg, sp. nov.
Flaveria linearis latifolia J. R. Johnston, Proc. Am. Acad. 39: 289. 1903.

An annual herb; stem greenish or reddish, striate, glabrate, 5-10 dm. high; leaves
linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, serrulate or entire, connate at the base, 2.5-10 cm. long,
5-30 mm. wide; heads in rather small glomerules, arranged in an open corymb; involucral
bracts 5, elliptic-oblong, 3.5-4 mm. long, the calyculate ones minute or wanting; ligule 2.5
mm. long, 1 mm. wide; disk-flowers 2—5; corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube glandular-puberulent,
about equaling the throat; achenes 1.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Lake Worth, near Palm Beach, Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida; Yucatan (?).

12. Flaveria linearis Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 33. 1816.

Flaveria maritima H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 285. 1820.
Selloa nudata Nutt. Am. Jour. Sci. 5: 300. 1822.

Flaveria tenuifolia Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 81. 1834.

Gymnosperma nudatum DC. Prodr. 5: 312. 1836.

An apparently perennial plant, shrubby at the base; stem from erect to prostrate, much
branched, 2-8 dm. high, striate, glabrous; lower internodes short and with persistent leaf-
bases; leaves linear, connate and even vaginate at the base, entire, 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 mm. wide;
inflorescence irregular; heads in smaller or larger glomerules, 3—5-flowered; involucral bracts
5, equal, 3 mm. long, the calyculate ones minute; ray-flower usually present; ligule oval, fully
2 mm. long; disk-flowers 2-4; corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube glandular-puberulent, scarcely
longer than the throat; achenes 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Havana, Cuba.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida, Bahamas, and Cuba; Yucatan.

13. Flaveria pubescens Rydberg, sp. nov.

A tall annual (?) herb; stem rather simple, 5-10 dm. high, angled, striate, more or less
hirsute-villous; leaves linear to lance-linear, attenuate, 5-10 cm. long, tapering from the com-
paratively broad connate base, 1-3-ribbed, short-villous on both sides; inflorescence rather
open, cymose; heads about 10-flowered; involucral bracts 5, oblong, 4 mm. long, the calyculate

146 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34

bract solitary, lanceolate; ray-flower wanting; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube glandular-
puberulent, not longer than the glabrous throat; achenes about 1.5 mm. long.

Type collected at Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi, June, 1904, E. Palmer 26 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas.

14. Flaveria oppositifolia (DC.) Rydberg.

Gymnosperma oppositifolium DC. Prodr. 5: 312. 1836.
Flaveria longifolia A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 88. 1849.

A rather stout annual herb; stem 3-10 dm. high, simple below; leaves glabrous, broadest
at the sessile base, nearly linear, entire or rarely with spinulose denticulations; heads 10-15-
flowered, in ample, rather open, cymes; involucral bracts 5-7, oblong, 4 mm. long; ray-
flower wanting; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, glabrous; tube rather shorter than the throat;
achenes 1.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Between San Ferrado and Santander [Tamaulipas].
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila to Tamaulipas and Aguas Calientes.

15. Flaveria floridana J. R. Johnston, Proc. Am. Acad.
39: 291-1903:

A stout dichotomously branched annual herb; stem striate, glabrous, 5-10 dm. high;
leaves linear to lance-linear, rarely denticulate, 2.5-8 cm. long, 3-12 mm. wide, slightly con-
nate; inflorescence irregular; glomerules compact, subtended by a whorl of leaves; heads
10—13-flowered; involucral bracts subequal, 4 mm. long; ligule oval, 2 mm. long; disk-corollas
2.5 mm. long, glabrous; tube shorter than the funnelform throat; achenes 1.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sanibel Island, Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida.

16. Flaveria chloraefolia A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. IT. 4: 88. 1849.

A glaucous herb; stem 3-10 dm. high, terete; leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 2.5-10
em. long, 1-3.5 em. wide, glabrous, connate-perfoliate; heads in open cymes, 11—13-flowered;
involucral bracts 5, oblong, 6-7 mm. long, the calyculate ones 2, lanceolate; ray-flowers wanting;
disk-corollas 6 mm. long, glabrous; tube much shorter than the elongate-funnelform throat;
achenes 3 mm. long; squamellae 2-4, hyaline, unequal, incurved, the larger about 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Pelayo, northwest of Mapimi, ‘“‘ Chihuahua” [Durango].
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Durango and Nuevo Leon.

DOUBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES

FLAVERIA PERUVIANA Juss.; J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1269 (1791), is Pigueria peruviana (Juss.)
B. L. Robinson.

FLAVERIA SPICATA Smith, in Rees, Cycl. 14: Flaveria no. 2 (1810), is the same.

FLAVERIA HUMILLIMA Schultz-Bip. Linnaea 34: 529, hyponym. 1865.

FLAVERIA PERFOLIATA Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146 (1887), is Desmanthodium perfoliatum Benth.

GENERA EXCLUDED FROM THE TRIBE

Tuymopsis Benth.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. 2: 407. 1873. Notwithstanding the fertile
disk-flowers, this genus evidently belongs to the tribe MILLERIEAE, and is most closely related
to Tetranthus, in which genus the type species was originally included.

THUROVIA Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 31: 321. 1895. From the structure of the
head and the general habit, this apparently belongs to the tribe ASTEREAE, and is probably
related to Greenella or Pentachaeta.

Tribe 11. TAGETEAE
PER AXEL RYDBERG

Plants with usually conspicuous oil-glands in the foliage, strong-scented,
Heads radiate or discoid. Ray-flowers when present, pistillate; corollas in
all our genera ligulate and deciduous. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and
fertile, with actinomorphic, usually 5-lobed corollas. Involucral bracts in
one or two subequal series, either distinct or more or less united into a cup
or tube, more or less dotted or striped with conspicuous oil-glands, not rarely
subtended by some loose accessory bracts (calyculum). Receptacle naked,
puberulent, or even fimbrillate (Clomenocoma). Achenes narrow and striate,
Pappus various, of either squamellae or bristles, or both.

Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers elongate, appendiculate or

truncate; leaves, if simple, not bristly-ciliate at the base. Subtribe 1. TAGETANAE.
Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers short, oblong; leaves simple,
usually bristly-ciliate, at least towards the base. Subtribe 2. PECTIDANAE.

Subtribe 1. TAGETANAE. Heads radiate or discoid. Involucre with
or without a calyculum; bracts not conspicuously carinate. Disk-corollas
with a narrow tube usually gradually and indistinctly passing into the sub-
cylindric or trumpet-shaped throat. Leaves simple or pinnate, not bristly-
ciliate at the base, though in some species of 7agetes and in Lebetina the teeth
are bristle-tipped. Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers long, apendi-
culate or truncate, recurved.

Pappus at least partly squamellate.
Squamellae reduced to a merely 5-toothed ring. 1. ADENOPAPPUS,
Squamellae usually well developed.
Pappus of squamellae only.
Squamellae few, 3-10, unequal, some of them, usually | or 2
longer, linear or subulate, acute, the rest broader, shorter,
usually obtuse; involucre cylindric or fusiform; bracts united
to near the apex. 2. TAGETES.
Squamellae 10-20, rarely less, all or the alternating ones equal.
Squamellae dissected into 5-12 (in Aciphyllaea the alter-
nating ones with only 3) bristles.
Heads conglomerate into heads of a secondary order,
only the marginal heads radiate on the peripheral side. 3. SYNCEPHALANTHA.
Heads not conglomerate into heads of a secondary order,
all radiate or all discoid.
Calyculum wanting or represented by 1-3 (in one
species of Gymnolaena more numerous) linear
or lanceolate inconspicuous accessory bracts.
Involucre subcylindric or urceolate; bracts in a

single series, united to near the apex. 4. GYMNOLAENA.
Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate; _
bracts in 2 series, united at the base. 5. BOEBERASTRUM.

Calyculum present, consisting of several rather con-
spicuous accessory bracts.
Principal bracts with horned glands near the
apex; accessory bracts pectinately divided;
style-branches abruptly short- and_ slender-
appendaged from an obtuse subpenicillate tip. 6. LEBETINA.
Principal bracts with hornless glands; accessory
bracts not pectinate.
Bracts united only at the base; squamellae
usually with more than 5 bristles each.
Style-branches with subulate appendages;
receptacle fimbrillate; accessory bracts
rarely more than half as long as the
involucre proper. 7. CLOMENOCOMA,

VorumE 34, Part 2, 1915] 147

148 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

Style-branches with short conic or obtuse
tips; receptacle merely puberulent; ac-
cessory bracts two thirds or three-
fourths as long as the involucre proper. 8. BOEBERA.
Bracts united to near the apex; squamellae
each with 5 bristles or the alternate ones
with only 3. 9. ACIPHYLLAEA.
Squamellae with 1-3 bristles or awnless.
Calyculum conspicuous; principal bracts not twnited
above the middle.
Accessory bracts not pectinately toothed; pappus
double; inner squamellae 3-cleft and awned,
the outer cuneate and muticous.

Squamellae in each series 5; ligules crimson. 10. SCHLECHTENDALIA.
Squamellae in each series 10; ligules yellow. 11. TRICHAETOLEPIS.
Accessory bracts pectinately toothed; squamellae
all 1-3-awned. 12. DysopiopsIis.

Calyculum wanting or inconspicuous, of few’ subulate
accessory bracts; if more conspicuous, then the
principal bracts united high up.
Plant not floccose; leaves pinnatifid or if entire linear-
filiform; heads peduncled.
Bracts 5, obovate, with membranous, colored,
and erose margins, free to the base. 13. URBINELLA.
Bracts more than 5, narrower, more or less united. 14. THyMOPHYLLA.
Plant floccose; leaves entire, comparatively broad;

heads sessile. 15. GNAPHALIOPSIS.
Pappus double, the inner series of 5 awned squamellae, the outer of
numerous bristles. 16. NICOLLETIA.

Pappus of numerous distinct bristles only.
Heads radiate.
Bracts with broad scarious erose tips; rays white; perennial herbs
with a slender branched base. 17. LEUCACTINIA.
Bracts with acute tips, not scarious; rays yellow; shrubs. 18. CHRYSACTINIA.
Heads discoid. :
Leaves well developed, all or most of them alternate; tube of the
disk-corollas long. 19. POROPHYLLUM.
Leaves scale-like, opposite; tube of disk-corollas very short. 20. LESCAILLEA.

1. ADENOPAPPUS Benth. Pl. Hartw. 41. 1840.

Tall herbs. Leaves opposite, serrate. Heads solitary, peduncled at the ends of the
branches. Involucre campanuiate; bracts in one series, united high up. Receptacle convex,
naked. Ray-flowers few, ligulate, pistillate and fertile; ligules spreading, oblong, entire or
indistinctly 2—3-crenate. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite; corollas regular; tube glandular-
puberulent, nearly equaling and rather gradually enlarging into the cylindric throat; lobes
short, erect. Anthers obtuse, subtruncate at the apex. Achenes linear, glandular-punctate.
Pappus reduced to a crown, with 5 callous, truncate teeth.

Type species, Andenopappus persicaefolius Benth.

1. Adenopappus persicaefolius Benth. Pl. Hartw. 41. 1840.

A tall herb; stems terete, striate, glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-1.5 dm.
long, serrate, with numerous small glands on the lower surface, tapering at the base into short
petioles which are connate and sheathing at the base; peduncles about 5 cm. long, somewhat
enlarging upwards; involucre fully 1 cm. high and nearly as broad; bracts about 15, united to
near the triangular tips; ligules yellow, 10-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas greenish-
yellow, about 7 mm. long; tube and throat each about 3 mm., the erect oblong lobes about
1 mm. long; achenes 7-8 mm. long, less than 1 mm. thick; crown of pappus about 0.2 mm. long.

TyPE LocaLiry: Margins of streams, Maravateo [Michoacan].
DIsTRIBUTION: Hidalgo to Michoacan.
ILLUSTRATION: E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 45: f. 126, E.

2. GAGES Lop. Pl, 83/sud sos:

Diglossus Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 70. 1817. :
Enalcida Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1819: 31. 1819.
Solenotheca Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 371. 1841.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, or the lower opposite and the upper alter-
nate, usually pinnate or pinnatifid, sometimes simple, conspicuously gland-dotted. Heads

Parr 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 149

peduncled, solitary at the ends of the branches or in leafy cymes. Involucre more or less
cylindric, fusiform, or campanulate, of a single series of 3-10 narrow bracts, united to near the
apex and bearing two rows of glands, one on each side; calyculum wanting. Receptacle favose.
Ray-flowers usually present, few, pistillate, fertile; ligules often broad, yellow or orange, rarely
white, entire, deeply notched or obtusely 3-lobed. Disk-flowers several, hermaphrodite and
fertile; corolla-tube cylindric, narrow, usually shorter than and gradually enlarging into the
trumpet-shaped or elongate-funnelform throat; lobés triangular to lanceolate. Achenes
elongate, clavate, somewhat flattened or angled or terete, rarely striate, glabrous or short-
pubescent. Pappus-squamellae 3-10, very unequal, often more or less united, 1 or 2 (rarely
3-5) of them linear, subulate, or bristle-like, acute, scabrous-hispidulous, much longer than
the rest, which are from linear to obovate and usually truncate or rounded at the apex.
Type species, Tagetes patula L.

Leaves simple.
Perennials; ligules distinctly exserted, orbicular.
Inflorescence dense, flat-topped, the individual peduncles usually
less than | cm. long.
Bristles of the pappus about 5 mm. long; involucres 7-10 mm.
long.
Leaves elliptic or broadly oblong; involucre more or less

minutely pubescent when young. 1. T. florida.
Leaves linear; involucre glabrous from the beginning. 2. T. lucida
Bristles of the pappus about 3 mm. long; involucres about 5 mm.
long. 3. T. Seleri.
Inflorescence more open; the individual peduncles usually more than
1 cm. long; leaves linear. 4. T. Schiedeana.
Annuals; ligules scarcely exceeding the involucre.
Leaves linear, serrate. 5. T. Pringlei.
Leaves filiform, entire-margined. 33. T. micrantha,

Leaves pinnatifid.
Ligules large, 1 cm. long or more.
Perennials.
Peduncle strongly thickened under the head; leaflets oval.

Outer, shorter squamellae not lacerate. 6. T. Parryi.
Outer, shorter squamellae lacerate. 7. T. lacera.
Peduncle not strongly thickened below the head; leaflets narrower.
Disk-flowers with well-developed pappus.
Leaflets narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, serrate.
Plant glabrous or minutely puberulent.
Involucre elongate-turbinate, with 5—6 glands in each
vertical row. 8. T. Lemmont.
Involucre campanulate-turbinate, with 4 glands in
each vertical row. 9. T. Palmeri.
Plant distinctly pubescent. 15. T. alamensis.

Leaflets linear or subulate and entire, or else again divided
into subulate divisions.
Leaflets linear, elongate, soft, entire. 10. T. linifolia.
Leaflets of the upper leaves short, subulate, those of
the lower leaves again divided into subulate divisions;

divisions awn-pointed. ll. T. stenophylla,
Disk-flowers with minute pappus or none. 12. T. Hartwegit.
Annuals.
Plant more or less hairy.
Pappus-squamellae all elongate, acute or attenuate; glands of
the leaflets scattered.
Squamellae nearly as long as the disk-corollas. 13. T. subvillosa.
Squamellae about half as long as the disk-corollas. 14. T. sypaqutrensts,

Pappus-squamellae very uneven, one elongate, subulate, awn-
tipped, one or two linear, acute, and some small, oblong,
with rounded tips; glands of the leaflets mainly only one at
the base of each tooth. 15. T. alamensis.
Plant glabrous.
Pappus-squamellae all elongate.
Involucre usually about 2 cm. long; glands of the lower
half in 3-4 series, linear-oblong. 16. T. erecta.
Involucre 1—1.5 cm. long; glands of the lower half in 2 series,
elongate, narrowly linear.
Leaflets lanceolate, with more than one row of glands
on each side of the midrib; glands usually irregu-
larly scattered.
Teeth of the leaves not salient.

Achenes hispidulous all over. 17. T. patula.
Achenes hispidulous on the margins only. 18. T. remotiflora.
Teeth of the leaves salient; achenes hairy. ¢ 19. T. elongata.
Leaflets narrowly linear-lanceolate; glands mostly in one
row on each side of the midrib. 20. T. tenutfolia.

150 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

Pappus of some inner elongate squamellae and some outer
very short, obovate ones.
Outer squamellae entire. 21. T. heterocar pha.
Outer squamellae erose. 7. healacera
Ligules short; head cylindric or fusiform.
Leaflets lanceolate, serrate to pectinately incised.
Leaflets merely serrate.
Disk-corollas viscid-hispid; ligules narrow and ascending. 22. T. foetidissima.
Disk-corollas merely puberulent; ligules broad.
Heads very numerous, in dense clusters, short-peduncled.

Leaflets broadly lanceolate or elliptic. 23. T. Nelsonii.
Leaflets narrowly linear-lanceolate. 24. T. minuta.
Heads few, long-peduncled, solitary at the ends of the
branches.
Shorter pappus-squamellae 2 mm. long. 25. T. Wislizeni.
Shorter pappus-squamellae about 4 mm. long.
Ligules ascending. 26. T. microglossa.
Ligules spreading.
Ligules 3, light-yellow. 27. T. triradiata.
Ligules 5, orange. y 28. T. jaliscana.
Leaflets pectinately incised. 29. T. subulata.

Leaflets linear-filiform or subulate, entire or with a few similar lobes.
Pappus of wholly paleaceous squameltlae; leaflets often with a few
subulate lobes. 30. T. coronopifolia.
Pappus of longer bristles and shorter paleaceous squamellae.
Leaflets of several pairs; heads short-peduncled or subsessile.
Plants low, diffuse; involucre turbinate-clavate, 5-angled

at the base; heads subsessile or nearly so. 31. T. pusilla.
Plants taller, 2-3 dm. high; involucre fusiform, not angled
at the base; heads distinctly peduncled. 32. T. filtfolia.
Leaflets very few or leaves simple; heads slender-peduncled. 33. T. micrantha.

1. Tagetes florida Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. pl. 35. 1838.

An erect perennial; stems solitary or a few from the base, 3-6 dm. high, cymosely branched
above, striate or round-angled, glabrous; leaves opposite, simple, sessile, elliptic or oblong,
2-7 cm. long, glabrous, with numerous small scattered glands, finely, closely, and sharply
serrate, the lower teeth often ciliate-tipped; heads many, cymose, in a flat-topped inflorescence;
peduncles 0.5-1 cm. long; involucre subcylindric, 7-8 mm. long, 2.5-—3 mm. broad; bracts
5-7, linear, sparingly hairy, with numerous small scattered glands, united to near the apex,
with subulate tips; ray-flowers 3 or 4; ligules suborbicular-flabelliform, truncate, 5-6 mm.
wide; disk-flowers 6-8; corollas 5.5 mm. long, glabrous; tube 2 mm. long, cylindric; throat
2 mm. long, narrowly funnelform; lobes lanceolate; achenes clavate, 6 mm. long, glabrous;
squamellae 5-7, two of them usually bristle-like, 3 mm. long, the rest scale-like, oblong, un-
equal in length, the longest less than half as long as the bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, from Durango and San Luis Potosi south.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. pl. 35; Bot. Mag. pl. 740 (as T. lucida).

2. Tagetes lucida Cav. Ic. 3: 33. 1894.

A glabrous perennial, with a short thick base; stem 3-8 dm. high, glabrous and striate,
cymosely branched above; leaves opposite, simple, linear, 4-10 cm. long, sessile, usually
obtuse, sometimes acute at the apex, glabrous with numerous minute scattered glands, finely
and densely serrate, the lower teeth often ciliate-tipped; heads in rather dense flat-topped
cymes; involucre cylindric, 9-10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; bracts 5—7, united to near the
subulate tips, glabrous, with many scattered small glands; ray-flowers mostly 3; ligules flabel-
liform, 3 mm. long and wide, truncate; disk-flowers 5-7; corollas nearly 6 mm. long; tube about
equaling the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes lanceolate; achenes 6-7 mm. long, striate; squa-
mellae 5 or 6, two of them bristle-like, about 5 mm. ie and nearly three times as toite as
the rest, which are scale-like, oblong, obtuse.

TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Nova Hispania’”’ [Mexico].

DISTRIBUTION: Nearly throughout Mexico; Guatemala. t
ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. a pl. 264; Andr. Bot. Repos. pl. 359 (poor).

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 151

3. Tagetes Seleri Rydberg, sp. nov.

A glabrous perennial; stems about 3 dm. high, slightly striate; leaves opposite, simple,
linear, 4-7 cm. long, finely and densely serrate, acute, sessile, with scattered small glands,
the lower teeth usually long and slender, subulate; heads in dense cymes, short-peduncled;
involucre about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, sparingly pilose when young; bracts about 5, united
up to the triangular-subulate tips; ray-flowers 3; ligules orbicular-flabellate, 3 mm. long and
wide; disk-corollas about 5 mm. long; tube somewhat shorter than the trumpet-shaped
throat; achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous; squamellae 5 or 6, two of them bristle-like, 3 mm. long,
the rest oblong, obtuse, 1-1.5 mm. long.

Type collected at Comitan, Chiapas, August 14, 1896, Seler 3085 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz and Chiapas.

4. Tagetes Schiedeana Less. Linnaea 9: 271. 1834.
? Tagetes Pineda Llave, Reg. Trim. 1: 358. 1832.

A glabrous perennial; stems 3-6 dm. high, terete, cymosely branched above; leaves oppo-
site, simple, narrowly linear, decidedly acute, with scattered inconspicuous glands, finely
serrate, the lower teeth often elongate, subulate; heads in open cymes; peduncles 1-2 cm. long;
involucre subcylindric, 1-7 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, glabrous, with scattered glands;
bracts 5-7, linear, with deltoid-subulate tips; ray-flowers about 3; ligules flabelliform, 3 mm.
long and wide; disk-corollas 4-5 mm. long; tube about equaling the trumpet-shaped throat;
lobes lanceolate; achenes 6 mm. long, semi-terete, slightly hispidulous on the 2 angles, other-
wise glabrous; two of the squamellae bristle-shaped, 3-4 mm. long (rarely only 2 mm. long),
the rest oblong or oval, truncate, about 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Hacienda de !a Laguna [Vera Cruz].
DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz; Guatemala.

5. Tagetes Pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 279. 1888.

A glabrous annual; stem cymosely branched, 5—7 dm. high; leaves opposite, simple, linear,
sessile and somewhat connate-clasping at the base, 5-10 cm. long, rather distantly serrate, the
lower teeth ciliate-tipped; heads few in open cymes; involucre cylindro-elliptic, slightly nar-
rowed at both ends, glandular-punctate only above the middle; bracts 5, with triangular some-
times apiculate tips; ray-flowers 2—4; ligules slightly exceeding the disk, 2 mm. long, erect;
disk-corollas 5 mm. long; tube equaling the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 6 mm. long,
slightly scabrous on the angles; 2 or 3 of the squamellae bristle-like, 6 mm. long, the other

3 or 2 oblong, 1.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Base of Sierra Madre, Chihuahua.
DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua to State of Mexico.

6. Tagetes Parryi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 40. 1879.

A branched bushy perennial; stems finely puberulent, often tinged with red or purple;
leaves pinnate; leaflets 5-7, sessile, oval or elliptic, about 1 cm. long, serrate, densely puberu-
lent, with a gland in each tooth and a row of glands on each side of the midrib, or the glands
scattered; heads solitary on peduncles which are about 1 dm. long, gradually and strongly
enlarging upwards, at the top as thick as the involucre; involucre subcylindric, about 12 mm.
long and 7 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, with two lateral rows of glands and a single gland in the
free tip, the lower glands linear, the upper oblong; ray-flowers 8; ligules obovate, 10-12 mm.
long; disk-flowers many; corolla-tube 1 mm. long, puberulent; throat narrowly funnelform,
as well as the lanceolate lobes glandular-hispidulous and 2 mm. long each; achenes 6 mm.
long, somewhat flattened, glabrous; 1 or 2 of the squamellae subulate, 1.5 mm. long, the
rest oblong, truncate, 1 mm. long.

TYPE LocaLity: Hilly district southeast of San Luis Potosi.
DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi.

152 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

7. Tagetes lacera Brand. Zoe 1: 314. 1890.

A glabrous perennial or annual; stems several from the base, erect, terete, often 1 m. high;
leaves opposite or alternate, 10-15 cm. long; rachis more or less margined and toothed; leaflets
7-11, lanceolate, acute, serrate; rachis, lower teeth, and the leaflets of the upper leaves bristle-
pointed; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, thickened upwards; involucre campanulate, 12-15 mm.
long, 7-8 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, with triangular tips, and with two lateral rows of 3 or 4
glands and a single gland in the free portion; lower glands linear, the upper 3 oblong; ligules
yellow, oblong, retuse, 8-10 mm. long; disk-corollas 7-8 mm. long, pubescent; achenes 8 mm.
long, hirsutulous; pappus of 1-4, usually 2, subulate, awn-tipped squamellae, 5-6 mm. long,
and several minute, lacerate, obovate ones.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Lower California.

8. Tagetes Lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 40. 1883.

A leafy perennial; stems 5—10 dm. high, minutely puberulent or in age glabrate, fastigiately
branched above; leaves opposite, 3—7-foliolate; leaflets lanceolate to linear-elliptic, 1-4 cm.
long, minutely puberulent, sharply serrate with one gland in each tooth; heads many; peduncles
2-3 cm. long, with a few bract-like leaves, scarcely thickened; involucre campanulate, sub-
turbinate at the base, 8 mm. long, 7 mm. broad; bracts 6-8, with triangular tips, and with
two lateral rows of about 5 glands and a single gland in the tip; ray-flowers 6-8; ligules
broadly oblong, about 1 cm. long and 5 mm. wide; disk-flowers many; corollas 7 mm. long;
tube 1.5 mm. long, glabrous, much shorter than the narrowly funnelform throat; lobes lanceo-
late; achenes about 6 mm. long; 1-3 of the squamellae subulate, 1.5-2 mm. long, the other 2-4
shorter, oblong, obtuse.

TYPE LOCALITY: Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona.

9. Tagetes Palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 392. 1886.

A leafy perennial; stems 3-10 dm. high, branched, frutescent below, glabrous; leaves
opposite, pinnate; leaflets 7-15, linear-lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, glabrous, acuminate, sharply
serrulate, with a single gland at the base of each tooth; heads corymbose-fastigiate; peduncles
2-4 cm. long, slightly thicker above; involucre broadly campanulate, 6-7 mm. long, and nearly
as broad; bracts 8-10, with triangular tips, and with two lateral rows of 3 glands and a single
one in the tip; ray-flowers 5-8; ligules obovate-oblong, 10-12 mm. long, orange; disk-flowers
many; corollas glabrous, 5 mm. long; tube much shorter than the throat; achenes 4-5 mm.
long, puberulent; 2 of the squamellae subulate, the other 2 or 3 shorter, quadrate, truncate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Halfway between Batopilas and the Cumbre, Chihuahua.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

10. Tagetes linifolia Seaton, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 120. 1893.

A glabrous perennial, with a short woody caudex; stems several, erect, slender, purple-
tinged, about 3 dm. high; leaves opposite or rarely alternate above, pinnate, 2-4 cm. long;
leaflets 7-11, narrowly linear, 1-2 cm. long, entire, apiculate or spinulose-tipped, with two
rows of glands; heads solitary at the end of the stems; peduncles about 1 dm. long, slender, not
thickened upwards; involucre narrowly campanulate-turbinate, 12-13 mm. long, 5-6 mm.
broad, glabrous; bracts 5, with triangular, acuminate tips, and with two rows of 4 or 5 marginal
glands and a single gland in the tip, the lower two pairs of glands being elongate-linear, the
rest short, oval or elliptic; ray-flowers 5; liguies yellow, obcordate, 12-16 mm. long; disk-
flowers 25-40; corollas 8 mm. long, glabrous; tube only 2 mm. long; throat elongate-funnelform;
lobes lanceolate; achenes 6-7 mm. long, angled, scabrous; pappus of the disk-flowers of two
subulate acute squamellae 6-7 mm. long, and 3 oblong truncate ones only 2-3 mm. long;

that of the ray-flowers of only short truncate squamellae.
TYPE LOCALITY: Rocky hills near Esperanza [Puebla].
DISTRIBUTION: Type locality and vicinity.

PART 2, 1915) CARDUACEAE : TAGETEAE 153

11. Tagetes stenophylla B. L. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 43: 44.
1907.

A glabrous perennial; stems erect, branched above, 6-10 dm. high, suffruticose at the base,
terete, glaucescent; leaves 2—4 cm. long, pinnatifid, the lower opposite, the upper alternate;
segments 7-13, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 5-15 mm. long, entire or incised; segments or their
teeth apiculate or bristle-pointed, the lower ones much smallér than the upper; peduncles
5-10 cm. long, somewhat enlarged under the involucre; involucre narrowly campanulate,
12-13 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad; bracts 5, with broadly triangular obtuse tips, pubescent at
the extremity, and with two lateral rows of 5 or 6 glands each and a single gland in the free
portion, all the glands except the uppermost elongate-linear; ray-flowers 5; ligules orange,
10-12 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, obcordate, usually oblique at the apex; disk-corollas 8 mm.
long, glabrous, except the lobes; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes lanceolate;
achenes 3 mm. long, sparingly strigillose on the angles; squamellae 5, united, scabrous, two of
them subulate, acute, 9-10 mm. long, nearly twice as long as the other three truncate ones.

TYPE LOCALITY: Uruapan, Michoacan.
DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco and Michoacan.

12. Tagetes Hartwegii Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. 40: 46. 1904.

Tagetes peduncularis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 17. 1839. Not T. peduncularis Cav. 1802.

An erect glabrous perennial; stems 8-9 dm. high, from a woody base; leaves opposite,
pinnate, 2—8 cm. long; leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute, serrate-dentate, the teeth often bristle-
pointed; glands in a single row on each side of the leaflet at the base of the teeth; heads on
long peduncles terminating the stem and branches; peduncles slender, 5-10 cm. long; in-
volucre subcampanulate, 10-12 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad; bracts about 8, with obtuse, slightly
pubescent tips, the glands oblong, about 4 in each lateral row and a single one in the free
portion; ray-flowers 8; ligules 12-15 mm. long, 7-11 mm. wide, emarginate, deep-orange;
disk-flowers 35-45; corollas 6 mm. long; tube pubescent; throat glabrous; lobes 5, lanceolate,
pubescent along the margins; achenes 6 mm. long, glabrous; pappus of the ray-flowers of 1-5,
narrow, unequal, paleaceous awns, that of the disk-flowers much reduced or obsolete.

TYPE LOCALITY: Bolafios, Jalisco.
DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco.

13. Tagetes subvillosa Lag. (‘‘Elench. 1804”) Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29.
1816.

A branched annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, densely hirsutulous, with more or less spreading
branches; leaves opposite or the upper alternate, pinnate, 3-6 cm. long; leaflets lanceolate or
ovate, 1-3 cm. long, serrate, densely short-pubescent, with numerous scattered glands, acute
at each end; heads several, cymose; peduncles 5-10 cm. long, slightly enlarged upwards;
involucre elongate-campanulate, purple-tinged, about 12 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad; bracts
5 or 6, with broadly triangular, slightly pubescent tips, and with two marginal rows of about
4 elongate-linear glands and a single orbicular one in the free portion; ligules orange,
broadly oval, 8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, notched; disk-corollas 8 mm. long; tube 2 mm.
long, shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes lanceolate; achenes 7 mm. long, angled,
strigulose; squamellae united below, two of them subulate, hispidulous, 6-7 mm. long, the
other 3 linear, truncate, 4 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico.

14. Tagetes zypaquirensis H. & B. Pl. Aequin. 2: 18. 1808.

A tall annual; stem 3-10 dm. high, branched, terete, sparingly pilose or villous; leaves
opposite or the upper alternate, pinnate; rachis usually with subulate lobes or teeth; leaflets
9-15, 1-3 cm. long (the lower reduced), oblanceolate or elliptic, coarsely serrate, rather densely
short-pubescent beneath, puberulent or glabrate above, with numerous scattered glands;
heads many in open cymes; peduncles 3-5 em. long; involucre elongate-campanulate, turbi-

154 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

nate at the base, about 12 mm. long and 5 mm. broad; bracts 5-7, glabrous, with deltoid
tips, and with two marginal rows of 5 or 6 glands each and one gland in the free portion, the
lower glands linear, the upper oval or round; ligules oblong, about 12 mm. long and 4—5 mm.
wide; disk-corollas 6 mm. long, puberulent; tube shorter than the funnelform throat;
achenes 5 mm. long; 2 of the squamellae subulate, 3 mm. long, the other 3 oblong, less than
1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Zypaquira (Zipaquira), Colombia.
DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala to Colombia.
TILLustTRaATION: H. & B. Pl. Aequin. pl. 73.

15. Tagetes alamensis Rydberg, sp. nov.

A tall annual or perennial; stem strict, finely puberulent, often tinged with purple; leaves
opposite, 5-10 cm. long, pinnate; rachis with scattered callous-tipped teeth; leaflets 7—9, linear-
lanceolate, puberulent or glabrate above, more or less-pubescent, especially on the veins
beneath, 1-4 cm. long, distantly serrate with cuspidate teeth, with a gland at the base of each
tooth, rarely with 2 few additional scattered ones; heads few, cymose; peduncles 2—4 cm.
long; involucre campanulate, turbinate at the base, about 8 mm. long and 5 mm. broad;
bracts 8-10, with deltoid obtuse tips, and with two marginal rows of about 4 glands each and a
single gland in the free portion; ligules orange, 12-14 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; disk-flowers .
many; corollas 6 mm. long, greenish-yellow at the base, orange above; tube short, glabrous;
throat elongate-funnelform, pubescent; lobes lanceolate, pubescent; achenes 5 mm. long,
glabrous; squamellae very unequal, one subulate, 4-5 mm. long, 1 or 2 linear, acute, 2-2.5
mm. long, and the rest truncate, about 1 mm. long.

Type collected in Sierra de Alamos, near Alamos, Sonora, March, 1910, Rose, Standley & Russell
13083 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

16. Tagetes erecta L. Sp. Pl. 887. 1753.
Tageles major Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 437. 1791.

A tall stout annual; stem glabrous, 3-15 dm. high, angled and striate; leaves pinnate;
leaflets 11-17, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1-5 cm. long, acute at each end, sharply serrate;
glands scattered but usually not very numerous; teeth of the upper leaves often bristle-tipped;
heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, decidedly but gradually
enlarged upwards, fistulose; involucre campanulate, 15-20 mm. long, 7-12 mm. broad, glabrous;
bracts 5-8, with deltoid or lanceolate tips, and with mostly two marginal rows of 6 or 7 glands
and 3 glands in the free portion, most of the glands elliptic; ray-flowers 5-8; ligules broadly
obovate, 1-2 cm. long; disk-flowers numerous; corollas 8-10 mm. long, glabrous; tube 2 mm.
long; throat trumpet-shaped; lobes lanceolate; achenes 7-8 mm. long, glabrous or scabrous
only on the angles; squamellae united, one acute and longer, 5-10 mm. long, the rest 4-5
mim. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico and Central America; cultivated, and often escaped; naturalized in
the West Indies, Florida, and many places in South America and the Old World.
ILLustratTions: Lam. Tab. Encyc. pl. 684; Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 172; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 45: f. 126,
Cc.

17. Tagetes patula L. Sp. Pl. 887. 1753.

Tagetes lunulata Ortega, Dec. Hort. Matrit. 44. 1797.
Tageles corymbosa Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. pl. 151. 1816. Not T. corymbosa Lag. 1805.
Tageles tenuifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 196. 1820. Not T. tenuifolia Cav. 1793.

A glabrous annual; stem 2-5 dm. high, branched, often purple-tinged, terete; leaves
opposite or the upper alternate, pinnate, 5-10 cm. long; leaflets linear-lanceolate or lanceolate,
1-3 cm. long, sharply toothed; teeth, especially those of the upper leaves, often bristle-tipped;
glands scattered and rather numerous; heads cymose; peduncles 5-10 cm. long, scarcely enlarged
upwards; involucre campanulate, about 12 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad, glabrous; bracts 5-7,
with deltoid-acuminate or acute tips, and with two marginal rows of about 4 glands each
and 3 glands in the free portion, the lower glands linear, the upper oval; ligules 8-10 mm.
long, 7-8 mm. wide; disk-corollas 7-8 mm. long; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat;

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : TAGETEAE 155

achenes 7 mm. long, hispidulous; squamellae united, 1 of them subulate, 6 mm. long, the
rest half as long, linear and truncate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Mexico and Guatemala.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Dill. Hort. Elth. pl. 279, f. 361; Bot. Mag. pl. 150, 3830; Sweet, Brit. FI.
Gard. pl. 151; Schkuhr, Handb. pl. 251; Baillon, Hist. P1. 8: f. 96.

18. Tagetes remotiflora Kunze, Linnaea 20: 23. 1847.

A glabrous annual; stem 3-7 dm. high, branched above, striate; leaves pinnate, 5-10
cm. long, the lower opposite, the upper alternate; leaflets 9-25, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate,
1-3 cm. long, sharply serrate, the teeth of the upper leaves often bristle-pointed; glands scat-
tered, not numerous; heads in open leafy cymes; peduncles 5-10 cm. long, not enlarged up-
wards; involucre narrowly campanulate, 13-14 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad; bracts mostly 5,
with triangular, obtuse, ciliolate tips, and with two marginal rows of 4 glands each and 3 glands
in the free portion, the lower glands linear, the upper elliptic; ray-flowers 5; ligules obovate,
retuse, about 1 cm. long; disk-corollas about 10 mm. long; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped
puberulent throat; squamellae united below, 2 of them subulate, 10 mm. long, hispidulous,
the other three about half as long, linear and truncate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Cultivated from Mexican seeds.
DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz to Yucatan and Costa Rica.

19. Tagetes elongata Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2127. 1804.

? Tagetes peduncularis Cav. Deser. 201. 1802.

A slender glabrous annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, terete, branched; leaves pinnate, 5—7 cm.
long, the lower opposite, the upper alternate; leaflets 9-17, linear-oblanceolate or oblanceolate,
or of the lower leaves cuneate, 1—2 cm. !ong, with salient teeth; teeth of the upper leaves
usually bristle-tipped; glands solitary at the base of each tooth and some scattered on the
surface; heads in open leafy cymes; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre often tinged with
purple, elongate-campanulate, about 12 mm. long and 6 mm. broad; bracts mostly 5, with
triangular, acuminate or acute tips, and with two marginal rows of about 4 linear glands
each and 3 short oval ones in the free portion; ligules about 10 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, emargin-
ate; disk-corollas about 6 mm. long, glabrous; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat;
achenes 8 mm. long; 2 of the pappus-squamellae subulate, 5 mm. long, the other 3 half as
long, linear and truncate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Tropical America. k :
DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas to City of Mexico and Vera Cruz.

20. Tagetes tenuifolia Cav. Ic. 2: 54. 1793.
Tagetes signata Bartl. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1837: 7. 1837.

A slender annual; stem 3-8 dm. high, somewhat branched above (copiously so in a
garden form, T. signata), terete, glabrous; leaves all opposite or the upper alternate, pinnate;
leaflets 13-23, narrowly linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, coarsely serrate, with a single row of
glands on each side; heads cymose; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre elongate-campanulate,
11-14 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad; bracts about 5, with triangular, acute tips, and with two
lateral rows of 3 or 4 glands each and 3 glands in the free portion, the lower glands linear, the
upper oval; ligules 7-8 mm. long, retuse; disk-corollas puberulent, 7 mm. long; achenes 7 mm.
long, strigose; 1 or 2 of the squamellae subulate, 6 mm. long, nearly twice as long as the
others which are linear and truncate.

Type LocaLity: ‘‘Peru”’ [but probably Mexico].

DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi to Colombia.

ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Ic. pl. 169; Bot. Mag. pl. 2045; Rev. Hort. 1863: pl. opp. 11; Sweet,
Brit. Fl. Gard. pl. 141.

21. Tagetes heterocarpha Rydberg, sp. nov.

A glabrous annual; stem slender, branched, 3-6, dm. high, often purple-tinged; leaves
opposite or the upper alternate, pinnate, 5-8 cm. long; leaflets 7-9, elliptic, oval, or lanceo-

156 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

late, 1-3 em. long, glabrous, acute at each end, finely serrate, the teeth often bristle-pointed;
glands scattered; heads several, in open leafy cymes; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, slender; invo-
lucre almost clavate, about 15 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad; bracts about 5, with lanceolate
ciliolate tips, and with two lateral rows of 2 or 3 elongate linear glands and a single gland in
the free portion; ray-flowers 5; ligules obovate, about 1 cm. long, emarginate at the apex;
disk-corollas 7 mm. long; tube slightly puberulent, nearly 2 mm. long, shorter than the
trumpet-shaped glabrous throat; lobes lanceolate; achenes nearly 1 cm. long, strigillose; two
of the squamellae awn-like, subulate, 8 mm. long, the other 3-6 short, obovate or cuneate,
1-2 mm. long.

Type collected on shaded bluffs near Guadalajara, Jalisco, October 4, 1889, Pringle 2488 (herb.
Columbia Univ.).
DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco.

22. Tagetes foetidissima DC. Prodr. 5: 645. 1836.
Tagetes tanacetifolia Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 660, assynonym. 1841.

A glabrous annual; stem 3-10 dm. high, terete, often tinged with purple, branched above;
leaves alternate or the lower opposite, pinnate, 3-9 cm. long; leaflets 11-29, the upper con-
fluent, oblong or lance-oblong, obtusish, 1—2.5 cm. long, serrate, the lower teeth often bristle-
pointed; heads cymose-paniculate; peduncles 0.5-2.5 cm. long; involucre subcylindric or
obclavate, acute at the base, about 15 mm. long and 3 mm. broad; bracts 5, often purple-tinged,
with deltoid tips, and with two lateral rows of 4-6 oblong glands and a single gland in the
free portion; ray-flowers usually 5; ligules oblong, 2 mm. long or less, ascending; disk-flowers
about 7; corollas greenish-yellow, 7 mm. long; tube 1.5 mm. long, glabrous; throat almost
cylindric, viscid-hispid; lobes lanceolate; achenes hirsute, 6 mm. long, clavate; two of the
' squamellae awn-like, 7 mm. long, the other 3 oblong, 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico to Guatemala.

23. Tagetes Nelsonii Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. 39: 117. 1903.

A tall stout annual; stem striate, purple, glabrous, 5 dm. high or more; leaves pinnate,
petioled; leaflets 3-7, lanceolate or elliptic, 1-6 cm. long, 0.5-2 em. wide, acute, sharply and
evenly serrate, dark-green and glabrous or nearly so above, pubescent, especially on the veins
beneath, with numerous small scattered glands; heads numerous in a corymbiform compound
cyme, short-peduncled; involucre cylindric, about 8 mm. long; bracts 5-7, with deltoid tips;
glands partly elliptic and partly smaller and round, rather irregularly arranged; ray-flowers 5
or 6; ligules oblong, 5 mm. long; disk-flowers 9-12; corollas 4 mm. long, greenish-yellow;
achenes 4-5 mm. long, glabrous; squamellae linear, very unequal, the longer nearly 2 mm.
long, the shorter 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Tumbola, Chiapas.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

24. Tagetes minuta L. Sp. Pl. 887. 1753.

Tagetes bonariensis Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 459. 1807.

Tagetes glandulifera Schrank, Hort. Monac. pl. 54. 1819.
Tagetes glandulosa Schrank; Link, Enum. 2: 339. 1822.
Tagetes montana DC. Prodr. 5: 644, as synonym. 1836.

A glabrous, branched, very leafy annual; stem 3-10 dm. high, with erect branches, striate;
leaves mostly alternate, 5-15 cm. long, pinnate; leaflets 11-17, the upper decurrent, linear-
lanceolate, sharply serrate, 2-6 cm. long; glands in a single row on each side, at the base of
the teeth, and in the larger leaflets some additional scattered glands; heads numerous in con-
gested cymes, subsessile or short-peduncled; peduncles less than 1 cm. long; involucre about
1 cm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad; bracts 5, with rounded free lobes, and with two lateral rows of
about 4 linear glands each and a single gland in the free portion; ray-flowers usually 3; ligules
suborbicular, 1 mm. long; disk-flowers 4-5; corollas 4 mm. long, somewhat viscid-hirsute; tube
much shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 5-6 mm. long, strigulose; 1 or 2 of
the squamellae subulate, 2 mm. long, the other 3 or 4 less than 0.5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Chile. ;
DISTRIBUTION: Peru and Brazil to Argentina and Chile; adventive in North Carolina,
ILLUSTRATIONS: Dill. Hort. Elth. pl. 280, f. 362; Schrank, Hort. Monac. pl. 54.

PAR 21915) CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 157

25. Tagetes Wislizeni A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 92. 1849.

A slender annual; stem usually less than 2 dm. high, glabrous; leaves alternate or the lower
opposite, pinnate, 2-3 cm. long; leaflets 7-13, linear-lanceolate or elliptic, less than 1 cm. long,
serrate or incised, the upper leaves usually with bristle-pointed teeth; heads rather few; pe-
duncles filiform, 2-4 cm. long; involucre subcylindric, acute at the base, about 12 mm. long
and 3 mm. broad; bracts 4-5, with lanceolate tips, and with twoirregular rows of 2-4 oblong
or linear glands and a single oval gland in the free portion; ray-flowers 2-4; ligules sub-
orbicular, 2 mm. long; disk-flowers about 8; corollas puberulent, 5 mm. long; tube shorter
than the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 6-7 mm. long, puberulent; squamellae 5, 2 of them
subulate, 5-6 mm. long, the remainder linear, truncate, 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains around Cosiquiriachi, west of Chihuahua.
DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua.

26. Tagetes microglossa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 118. 1845.
Tagetes macroglossa Polak. Linnaea 41: 580. 1877.

A slender glabrous annual; stem 2-3 dm. high; leaves pinnate, the lower opposite, the
upper alternate; leaflets 7-11, oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, sharply serrate except at the narrowed
base; heads rather few, cymose; peduncles 3-5 cm. long; involucre subcylindric, 15-16 mm. long,
about 4 mm. broad; bracts 5, with deltoid obtusish tips, and with two lateral rows of 5 or 6
oblong glands and a single one in the free portion; ray-flowers 3-5; ligules small, ascending;
disk-corollas 7 mm. iong; throat trumpet-shaped; achenes 8-9 mm. long, hispidulous on the
angles; 1 or 2 of the squamellae subulate, 8-9 mm. long, the remaining 3 or 4 half as long,
linear and truncate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Salango [Ecuador].
DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala to Ecuador.

27. Tagetes triradiata Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 310. 1897.

A glabrous annual; stem 3-5 dm. high, sulcate, striate, tinged with purple, with ascending
branches; leaves pinnate, mostly opposite, the upper alternate; leaflets 15-21, narrowly lanceo-
late or oblanceolate, serrate, often with bristle-pointed teeth, 10-16 mm. long; heads cymose-
paniculate; peduncles 2-3 cm. long; involucre subcylindric or somewhat fusiform, 10-15 mm.
long, 4 mm. broad, greenish-purple; bracts 3-5, with deltoid obtuse tips, and with two lateral
rows of 4or 5 linear glands and 2-4 glands in the free portion; ligules bright-yellow, flabelliform,
2-3 mm. long, retuse or 3-lobed; disk-corollas puberulent, 6 mm. long; achenes 6-7 mm. long,
appressed-hispidulous; pappus variable, the squamellae usually 6, 1-3 (rarely 4 or 5) of them
subulate, hispidulous, 5-6 mm. long, and the rest linear, truncate, about half as long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Pedigoal, Valley of Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (State) to Vera Cruz.

28. Tagetes jaliscana Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. 40: 47. 1904.
Tagetes jaliscana minor Greenman, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 2: 273. 1907.

An erect glabrous annual; stem 3-5 dm. high, simple and terete below, branched and
striate above, sometimes purple-tinged; leaves opposite below, alternate above, 3-10 cm.
long, pinnate; leaflets 9-15, narrowly lanceolate, sharply serrate, the lower teeth often bristle-
pointed; glands scattered; heads corymbose-cymose; peduncles 2-4 cm. long; involucre sub-
cylindric, slightly fusiform, 15-17 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; ray-flowers 5; ligules orange,
cuneate-oblong, 5-6 mm. long and nearly as wide, emarginate; disk-flowers about 12; corolla-
tube shorter than the puberulent, trumpet-shaped throat; lobes lanceolate, pubescent; achenes
8-9 mm. long, puberulent; 2 of the squamellae subulate, 8-10 mm. long, fully twice as long
as the rest, which are linear and truncate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Dry rocky mountains above Etzatlan, Jalisco.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

158 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34

29. Tagetes subulata Cerv.; Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 31.
1824.

Tageies multiseta DC. Prodr. 5: 645. 1836.
? Tageies oligocephala DC. Prodr. 5: 645. 1836.

A glabrous annual; stem 2-4 dm. high; leaves opposite and alternate, 2-3 cm. long,
pinnate; leaflets 5-13, 1 cm. long or less, pectinately dissected into linear bristle-pointed
divisions; glands few and large; heads in leafy panicles; peduncles 2—6 cm. long; involucre
cylindro-fusiform, 15-18 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad; bracts 4 or 5, with deltoid tips, and with 2
irregular lateral rows of 2—4 linear glands and a small oval one in the free portion; ray-flowers
3-5; ligules suborbicular, 2 mm. long; disk-flowers 4-8; corollas about 8 mm. long; tube
equaling the almost cylindric throat; achenes 5 mm. long, scabrous on the angles; 1 or 2 of
the squamellae subulate, 10 mm. long, the other 3 or 4 linear, truncate, 7-8 mm. long.

TYPE LocaLity: “‘Santuario de Chalma,’’ Mexico.
DIstTRiIsuTion: Lower California and Sinaloa to Colombia.

30. Tagetes coronopifolia Willd. (Enum. Suppl. 60, hyponym. 1813);

Jacq. f. Relog: PI. 42-018) 18m)

Tagetes corymbosa Lag. (“‘Elench. 1805”’) Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29, assynonym. 1816.
Tagetes clandestina Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.

Enalcida filifera Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1819: 31. 1819.

Enalcida foeniculifolia Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 14: 443. 1819.

Tageies angustifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 194. 1820.

Tagetes foeniculacea Desi. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 3.171. 1829.

A glabrous annual; stem much branched, striate, 2-4 dm. high; branches almost erect;
leaves pinnatifid, 2-4 cm. long, the lower opposite, the upper alternate; divisions linear, some
entire and some with 1-4 linear lobes, callous-tipped but not bristle-pointed; heads numerous;
peduncles 1-3 cm. long; involucre oblong, about 1 cm. long, 3-4 mm. broad; bracts mostly 5,
with triangular tips, and with two lateral rows of 3 linear glands each and 3 oval glands in the
free portion; ray-flowers 1—5, or wanting; ligules suborbicular; disk-flowers 5-10; corollas 3—4
mm. long; tube nearly equaling the trumpet-shaped throat; 2 of the squamellae 4 mm. long,
linear-lanceolate, acute, tipped with purple, the other 3 united, truncate, 2—2.5 mm. long.

TyPE Locality: Described from cultivated specimens of unknown origin, probably Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Jacq. f. Eclog. Pl. pl. 80.

31. Tagetes pusilla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 194. 1820.
? Tagetes scabra Brand. Zoe 1: 314. 1890.

A diffuse annual; stem rarely more than 1 dm. high, branched at the base, angled, striate,
sometimes minutely scabrous above; leaves opposite, or the upper alternate, pinnatifid or
bipinnatifid with linear-filiform divisions; heads subsessile or short-peduncled; peduncles rarely
1 cm. long, angled, sulcate; involucre turbinate-clavate, 6-7 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad,
decidedly angled at the base; bracts about 5, with rounded, mucronate, membranous-margined
tips, and with two rows of many minute glands; ray-flowers 1-3; ligules zlabrous, elliptic, white,
sometimes wanting; disk-flowers 8-10; corollas glabrous, 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the
trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 5—6 mm. long, strongly striate; 2 or 3 of the squamellae bristle-
like, hispidulous, about 4 mm. long, fully twice as long as the other 3 or 4, which are linear or
oblong, truncate, often unequal in length.

TyPE LOCALITY: Near Chillo, Ecuador.
DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala (7); Costa Rica to Bolivia.

32. Tagetes filifolia Lag. (‘‘Elench. 1805”) Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28.
1816.

Tagetes multifida DC. Prodr. 5: 646. 1836.
Tagetes congesta H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 299. 1837.
Tagetes fliformis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 223, as synonym. 1881.
A slender annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, erect, simple below, with short branches above,
striate, glabrous or minutely puberulent; leaves opposite or the upper alternate, pinnatifid or

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : TAGETEAE 159

bipinnatifid with narrow, linear-filiform divisions, glabrous or minutely scabrous; heads
numerous; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; involucre fusiform, 7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, with
rather strong ribs, but not decidedly 5-angled at the base; bracts 5; tips cuspidate from a
broad base; glands many, small, subrotund in 2 lateral rows; ray-flowers 1-3, or sometimes
wanting; ligules oval, 1.5 mm. long, yellow; disk-corollas 3 mm. long, glabrous; achenes 4.5
mm. long, strongly striate; 2 of the squamellae bristle-like, 3 mm. long, hispidulous, the other
3 oblong, 1 mm. long. (Tagetes congesta is a depauperate form with shorter peduncles.)

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. :
DISTRIBUTION: Lower California to San Luis Potosi and Costa Rica.

33. Tagetes micrantha Cav. Ic. 4: 31. 1797.

A slender annual; stem 1-3 dm. high, terete, with numerous strongly ascending branches;
leaves filiform or with a few similar divisions, opposite or the upper alternate; peduncles
slender, about 2 cm. long; involucre cylindro-fusiform, about 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; bracts
3-5, with rounded mucronate tips, and with two marginal rows of minute rounded glands;
ray-flowers 0-3, usually 1; ligules oval or obovate, 2 mm. long; disk-flowers 5-7; corollas gla-
brous, 3 mm. long; tube slightly shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 6 mm. long,
striate; 2 or 3 of the squamellae bristle-like, hispidulous, 4-5 mm. long, the rest obovate to
oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long. -

TYPE LOCALITY: Near City of Querétaro.

DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico and Arizona to Querétaro.
ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Ic. pl. 352.

EXCLUDED OR UNKNOWN SPECIES

TAGETES ROTUNDIFOLIA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Tagetes no. 8. 1768. This was described
from specimens introduced by Houston from Vera Cruz, having slender-petioled simple leaves
with rounded-cordate, remotely crenate, pointed blades. This description fits no species
of Tagetes known, nor any plant of the tribe, unless Porophyllum macrocephalum DC.

TAGETES OzaLis Spreng.; Steud. Nom. Bot. Phan. 824, nomen nudum. 1821.

TAGETES LANCEOLATA Llave, Reg. Trim. 1: 357. 1832. Probably not a Tagetes, but be-
longing to some related genus.

TAGETES MACULATA Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 660, nomen nudum. 1841.

TAGETES MICHAUXIANA Roem.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 660, nomen nudum. 1841.

3. SYNCEPHALANTHA* Bartl. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1836: 6.
1836.—Linnaea 12: 80. 1838.

Annual herbs. Leaves alternate and opposite, pinnately dissected with broad toothed
divisions. Heads conglomerate into heads of a secondary order, the central ones discoid, the
marginal ones with 1-3 rays on the peripheral side. Involucre campanulate; bracts 5 or 6,
cuneate-oblanceolate, rounded and erose at the apex, with a single large gland; the outer
heads with 1-3 linear accessory bracts. Receptacle small, convex, shortly fimbrillate. Ray-
flowers pistillate, fertile; ligules oblong, entire. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile;
corolla-tube glandular-puberulent, about equaling the cylindro-campanulate throat; lobes
5, short. Anthers entire at the base. Style-branches slender, with dilated, truncate, penicillate
apex. Achenes clavate, angled, striate, hirsute. Pappus of 15-20 squamellae, each dissected
into many bristles.

Type species, Syncephalantha decipiens Bartl.

Principal bracts oblong, strongly keeled, hispidulous; accessory bracts hispidulous;

leaf-segments oblanceolate, many-toothed, 1—3 cm. long. ; 1. S. decipiens.
Principal bracts obovate, glabrous; accessory bracts crisp-hairy; leaf-segments 7
cuneate to broadly oblanceolate, few-toothed, rarely 1.5 cm. long. 2. S. sanguinea.

* Syncephalanthus of Bentham, Klatt, and others, is here regarded as a mere variant spelling.

160 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

1. Syncephalantha decipiens Bartl. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1836: 6.
1836.—Linnaea 12: 80. 1838.
Syncephalantha macrophylja Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 108. 1889.

A branched annual; stem 1-5 dm. high, angled, striate, hispidulous; leaves 4-6 cm. long,
pinnately dissected into 3-7 oblanceolate serrate divisions, 1-3 em. long, sparingly hispidulous
on the veins and with rounded marginal glands; aggregate head about 12 mm. broad; involucre
of the individual heads narrowly campanulate or almost obpyramidal, 6-7 mm. high, 4 mm.
broad; bracts hispidulous, oblong, obtuse, striate and strongly keeled, with membranous tips;
ligules orange, 5-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes 2.5 mm.
long, hairy; pappus yellowish, 4 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Cultivated specimens, from Mexican seeds.
DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz to Oaxaca.
ILLUSTRATION: E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 45: f. 126, J.

2. Syncephalantha sanguinea Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 106. 1889.

A branched annual; stem 3-5 dm. high or more, angled and sparingly crisp-hairy; leaves
2-5 cm. long, pinnately dissected into 5—9 oblanceolate or cuneate, toothed divisions sparingly
hairy on the veins beneath, with mostly marginal oil-glands; aggregate head about 1.5 em.
broad; involucre of the individual heads broadly campanulate, 5-6 mm. high and about as
broad; bracts glabrous, obovate, often purplish, striate and with membranous margins; ligules
yellow, or purplish in drying, 7-9 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes
3 mm. long, black, decidedly hairy; pappus yellowish, 4 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala and Costa Rica.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico to Costa Rica.

4. GYMNOLAENA (DC.) Rydberg, gen. nov.

Dyssodia § Gymnolaena DC. Prodr. 5: 641. 1836.

Branched shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, short-petioled or sessile, simple, serrate,
of a lanceolate type. Involucre of a single series of 5-9 bracts, united to near the apex and
with 2-4 rows of glands, naked or subtended by 1 or 2 small subulate or linear (or in the last
species more numerous and lanceolate) accessory bracts. Receptacle alveolate-dentate,
pubescent. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile; ligules oblong to oval, obscurely toothed, from
yellow to brick-red. Disk-flowers 25-40; corollas yellow, usually with dark veins; tube about
equaling the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes lanceolate. Style-branches slender-appendaged
from a truncate subpenicillate tip. Achenes clavate, angled and striate, short-hirsute with
ascending hairs. Pappus of 10-15 squamellae, each dissected into 8-12 bristles.

Type species, Dyssodia serratifolia DC.

Accessory bracts 1 or 2, linear or subulate, small; shrubs.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate.

Ligules deep-orange or brick-red. 1. G. oaxacana.
Ligules yellow. 2. G. serratifolia.
Leaves linear-lanceolate; ligules yellow. 3. G. integrifolia.
Accessory bracts several, lanceolate, somewhat herbaceous; herbs. 4. G. Seleri.

1. Gymnolaena oaxacana (Greenman) Rydberg.
Dyssodia serratifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 37, in part. 1883. Not D. serratifolia DC.

1836.,

Dyssodia oaxacana Greenman, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 2: 273. 1907.

A branched shrub; branches terete, somewhat striate, minutely pubescent in decurrent
lines; leaves sessile or nearly so, lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, 4-11 mm. wide, acute,
finely serrate, slightly pubescent on both sides or glabrous above; heads few; peduncles 3-8
cm. long, with several lanceolate or subulate bracts; involucre cylindro-campanulate, 12-14
mm. high, with 1 or 2 linear accessory bracts, or naked at the base; bracts 7-8, glabrous, with
deltoid, usually somewhat puberulent tips and 2-4 irregular rows of oblong glands; ray-
flowers commonly 8; ligules deep-orange or brick-red, 7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide; disk-
flowers about 30; corollas about 9 mm. long; tube puberulent, equaling the cylindric-trumpet-

ParT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 161

shaped throat; achenes 6-7 mm. long, hirsute, angled; squamellae 10-15, divided into
9-12 bristles each.

Type LocaLity: Almoloyas, Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca,

2. Gymnolaena serratifolia (DC.) Rydberg.

Dyssodia serratifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 641. 1836. 2
Hymenatherum serratifolium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 221. 1881.
Dyssodia sessilifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 37. 1883.

A glabrous shrub; branches terete; leaves opposite, broadly lanceolate or elliptic, short-
petioled, 3-7 cm. long, acute at each end, coarsely serrate, dark-green above, pale beneath;
glands many, scattered; heads corymbose-cymose; peduncles 2-5 cm. long, with several small
conspicuously glandular bracts; involucre cylindro-campanulate, 12 mm. high, 4-6 mm. broad,
subtended by 1 or 2 subulate accessory bracts; bracts 4-6, with triangular tips and 3 irregular
rows of large elliptic glands; ray-flowers 8-10; ligules yellow, 5-7 mm. long; disk-corollas 8 mm.
long, puberulent, greenish-yellow with dark nerves; tube 3 mm. long, cylindric; throat
trumpet-shaped; lobes elongate-lanceolate; achenes 4 mm. long, appressed-hirsute, somewhat
angled; squamellae about 10, 5-8 mm. long, each divided into 8-10 bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Atitla, Oaxaca.
DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca.

3. Gymnolaena integrifolia (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Dyssodia integrifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19:37. 1883.

A shrub, branches slender, glabrous, or slightly puberulent in lines; leaves oppo-
site, linear-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, subsessile or short-petioled, finely serrate with ap-
pressed teeth, minutely puberulent or glabrous; heads solitary or few; peduncles 5-10 cm.
long, with several subulate bracts; involucre cylindro-campanulate, about 15 mm. high, 6 mm.
broad, naked or subtended by a single linear accessory bract; bracts about 8, with lanceolate
or deltoid tips and usually 2 irregular rows of oblong glands; ray-flowers about 8; ligules
orange, oblong, about 7 mm. long; disk-corollas about 10 mm. long, yellow, with dark veins;
tube slightly longer than the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 6 mm. long, hirsute with ascend-
ing hairs; pappus tawny, 1 cm. long; squamellae 10 or more, each divided into 9-12 bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: District of Chiapas, Chiapas.
DISTRIBUTION: Puebla to Chiapas.

4. Gymnolaena Seleri (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydberg.
Dyssodia Seleri Rob. & Greenm. Proc. Am. Acad. 35: 314. 1900.

A stoutish herb; branches terete, striate, puberulent, at length glabrate,; leaves simple,
opposite or subopposite, oblong, shortly acuminate, rounded or mofe often cordate at the
sessile base, sharply and rather finely serrate, 6-13 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, dotted with
numerous round glands; peduncles terminal, more or less clavate-thickened towards the sum-
mit; involucre 3 cm. broad, puberulent, glandless; accessory bracts distinct, unequal, lance-
olate, acute, herbaceous at least near the apex; principal bracts united two thirds their length,
their tips acuminate; ray-flowers 12-20; ligules (in dry state) brown, more than | cm. long;
disk-corollas nearly 1.5 cm. long; achenes sericeous-villous; pappus 1 cm. long, of about 20
squamellae, each dissected into several bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Xochicato, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
DISTRIBUTION: Morelos. ’

5. BOEBERASTRUM (A. Gray) Rydberg, gen. nov.
Dyssodia § Boeberastrum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 39. 1883.
Hymenatherum § Heterochromea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1°: 446. 1884.

Diffuse annuals. Leaves mostly alternate, fleshy. Heads radiate, short-peduncled or
subsessile. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate, without a calyculum; bracts 8-
14, in two more or less definite equal series, united at the base or to the middle, the free
portion scarious-margined, the margins of each alternate bract slightly overlapping the inner

162 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

ones. Ray-flowers 8-12, pistillate, fertile; ligules broadly oblong or oval. Disk-flowers many,

hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla-tube cylindric, about equaling the trumpet-shaped throat;

lobes lanceolate. Style-branches with a short conic appendage. Achenes clavate, angled, some-

what pubescent on the angles. Pappus of 10-20 squamellae, each dissected into 5-10 bristles.
Type species, Dyssodia anthemidifolia Benth.

Leaves entire or with a few broad lobes. 1. B. litorale.

Leaves pinnatifid into linear fleshy divisions.
Involucre depressed-hemispheric; bracts united at the base only; ligules

yellow. 2. B. anthemidifolium.
Involucre rather broadly campanulate; bracts united to the middle;
ligules white. 3. B. concinnum.

1. Boeberastrum litorale (Brand.) Rydberg.
Dyssodia litoralis Brand. Zoe 5: 163. 1903.

A glabrous annual; stem branched and spreading from the base; branches 6-15 cm. long;
leaves alternate, fleshy, generally entire, spatulate, 2-5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, sometimes
with short broad lobes; glands midway between the margin and the midrib or in the lobed
leaves marginal; peduncles terminating the branches, 1-2 cm. long; involucre hemispheric,
2 cm. broad; bracts obtuse, broadly oval, scarious-margined, about 7 mm. long; ligules 5-6 mm.
long; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, puberulent; tube fully 1 mm. long, much shorter than the
funnelform throat; achenes 3 mm. long, hirsute; squamellae about 20, each dissected into 5-
10 bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sand drifts, 15 miles south of Pescadero, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Lower California.

2. Boeberastrum anthemidifolium (Benth.) Rydberg.
Dyssodia anthemidifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 29. 1844.

A branched annual; stem erect, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous; leaves alternate or the lower
opposite, 3-5 em. long, pinnatifid into 3-9, fleshy, linear-filiform divisions, each with a round
gland near the apex, and mucronate; peduncles terminating the branches, slightly thickened
above, with a few linear bracts remote from the head; involucre hemispheric, naked at the
base, about 6 mm. high and 12 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, oval, rounded at the apex, membranous
above, in two subequal series, united at the base only, with 3-5 glands; ray-flowers 8; ligules
oval, obtuse or retuse, 8 mm. long; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glabrous; tube much shorter
than the funnelform throat; achenes 3 mm. long, hirsute on the angles; pappus 3 mm. long;
squamellae 12-15, each divided into 6-10 bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Bay of Magdalena, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Lower California.

3. Boeberastrum concinnum (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Hymenatherum concinnum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 12: 446. 1884.
Dyssodia concinna B. 1,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

A depressed annual; stem branched at the base; branches spreading, glabrous glaucescent;
leaves alternate, fleshy, 1-2 cm. long, pinnately parted into linear obtuse divisions; heads sub-
sessile and clustered at the summit of the leafy branches; involucre subhemispheric or short-
campanulate, about 6 mm. high and fully as broad; bracts 12-14, united fully half their
length, with 2 rows of rounded glands; free portion ovate, scarious-margined; ray-flowers
10-12; ligules oblong, white, 4-5 mm. long; disk-corollas yellow, about 5 mm. long, glabrous;
tube about equaling the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes clavate, 3.5 mm. long, angled,
sparingly hairy on the angles; pappus 2.5 mm. long; squamellae 10, dissected into 5-7 bristles.

Type Locality: [Near Tucson], Arizona.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona.

6. LEBETINA Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 395. _ 1822.

Glabrous annuals. Leaves pinnately parted with rounded sinuses, oblong to obovate
segments, and conspicuous elliptic glands. Heads radiate or discoid. Involucre turbinate,
of 15-20 subequal bracts, subtended by several pectinately dissected accessory ones, nearly as

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 163

long; principal bracts linear, acuminate, with 3 conspicuous glands, the median and higher
gland with a spinous ascending horn; accessory bracts with a single gland and bristle-like
division. Receptacle convex, favose, each areola surrounded by a membranous erose cup
with several bristle-points. Ray-flowers few, pistillate and fertile, or wanting. Disk-flowers
numerous; corolla-tube slender, equaling the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes lanceolate. Style-
branches abruptly short- and slender-appendaged from an obtuse subpenicillate tip. Achenes
subclavate, striate. Pappus of many squamellae, at least the inner dissected into 7-10
bristles.
Type species, Lebetina cancellata Cass.

Pappus with an outer set of entire, cuneate-obovate squamellae; heads radiate.
Ligules conspicuous, 7—9 mm. long, spreading.
Ligules inconspicuous, about 3 mm. long.

Pappus of dissected squamellae only; heads usually discoid.

. L. cancellata.
L. cubana.
. L. Porophyllum.

WN

1. Lebetina cancellata Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 395. 1822.

Dyssodia Porophyllum Willd. Enum. 900. 1809. Not D. porophylla Cav. 1803.

Boebera Porophyllum Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 237. 1832. Not B. Porophyllum H. B. K. 1820.
Adenophyllum Porophyllum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 218, mainly. 1881
Dyssodia cancellata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 38. 1883.

Tagetes cancellata Maza, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 276. 1890.

A branched annual; stem 3-10 dm. high, angled and striate, glabrous; leaves alternate,
pinnately cleft, with rounded sinuses and oblong-toothed lobes, some of the teeth ending in
long bristles; glands large, marginal in the sinuses and nearly terminal in the lobes; heads
corymbose-paniculate; peduncles 3-8 cm. long, bracteate; involucre turbinate, 10-12 mm. high,
12-15 mm. broad; accessory bracts 6-7, pectinately dissected, with 3-5 pairs of bristle-like
divisions and a single large gland; principal bracts about 15, keeled, glabrous, acuminate, the
horn 1-2 mm, long; ligules orange, elliptic, 7-9 mm. long, spreading; disk-corollas about
7 mm. long, the cylindric tube, trumpet-shaped throat, and lanceolate lobes of about the same
length; achenes 5 mm. long, striate, glabrous; pappus distinctly double; inner squamellae
5 mm. long, divided into 7-10 bristles, the outer spatulate, 1 mm. long, barely erose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Cultivated in the Royal Garden of Paris, of unknown origin.
DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua and Sonora to Yucatan and Jalisco.

2. Lebetina cubana Rydberg, sp. nov.

A glabrous annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, striate or somewhat angled; leaves 2-4 cm. long,
alternate, pinnately parted, the lower into obovate or spatulate, the upper into cuneate-
oblong, toothed divisions, some of the teeth bristle-pointed; glands large, marginal in the
sinuses and subterminal in the lobes; heads. corymbose, on bracted peduncles 3-8 em. long;
involucre turbinate, 7-10 mm. high, 8-12 mm. broad; accessory bracts 10-15, pectinate with
3-4 pairs of setaceous divisions; principal bracts 15-18, acuminate, the horn 1 mm. long;
ligules oblong, 3 mm. long; disk-corollas 5 mm. long, the tube and throat equal, the lobes
lanceolate, somewhat shorter; achenes 4 mm. long, striate; pappus double; inner squamellae
dissected into 7-9 bristles, 5 mm. long; outer squamellae oblong-spatulate, 1 mm. long.

Type collected near Havana, Cuba, December 3, 1904, A. H. Curtiss 548 (herb. N. Y. Bot.
Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Western Cuba.

3. Lebetina Porophyllum (Cav.) Rydberg.

Pteronia Porophyllum Cav. Ic. 3: 13. 1794.

Dyssodia porophylla Cav. Anal. Cienc. Nat. 6: 334. 1803.

Boebera Porophyllum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 198. 1820.

? Adenophyllum capillaceum DC. Prodr. 5: 638. 1836.

? Schlechtendalia capillacea Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 638, as synonym. 1836.
Boebera alternifolia Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 639, as synonym. 1836.

? Dyssodia alternifolia Regel & K6érn. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1857: 41. 1857.
Adenophyllum Porophyllum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 218. 1881.

Lebetina porophylla A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.

A branched annual; stems 3-7 dm. high, glabrous, striate, with ascending branches above;
leaves alternate, 2-5 cm. long, pinnately parted into oblong or obovate toothed divisions,

164 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34

some of the teeth with long bristle-points; glands large, marginal in the rounded sinuses and
nearly terminal in the lobes; heads corymbose-paniculate, with more leafy peduncles; involucre
turbinate, 10-12 mm. high and nearly as broad; accessory bracts 15-20, pectinately divided
into 3-6 pairs of bristle-like divisions; principal bracts about 20, acuminate, the horn 1 mm.
long; ligules wanting or small, ascending, oblong; disk-corollas 5 mm. long, the cylindric
tube and the trumpet-shaped throat subequal, the lanceolate lobes somewhat shorter; achenes
5 mm. long, striate; squamellae 6-7 mm. long, all dissected into 7-10 bristles.

Type Locality: ‘‘Nova Hispania’’ [Mexico].
DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz to Jalisco and Guatemala.
ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Ic. pl. 225.

7. CLOMENOCOMA Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 9: 416. 1817.

Comaclinium Scheidw. & Planch.; Planch. Fl. Serres 8: 19. 1852.

Perennial herbs, usually woody at least at the base; or low shrubs,. Leaves opposite or
alternate, pinnate or apparently simple, in the latter case the lower segments usually being
reduced to subulate or setiform lobes on the petioles. Heads radiate, at the ends of elongate
terminal peduncles. Involucre turbinate or hemispheric, with a calyculum; principal bracts
many, narrow, usually with a terminal gland and a row of lateral ones on each side; accessory
bracts well-developed, about half as long as the involucre. Receptacle favose with more or
less developed subulate fimbrillae (chaff). Ray-flowers several, pistillate and fertile; ligules
mostly orange, oval to oblong. Disk-flowers numerous, hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas
elongate; tube more or less gibbously enlarged at the base forming a short collar, thence
narrow and cylindric, gradually tapering into the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes long, lanceo-
late. Style-branches tapering into a long subulate appendage. Achenes clavate, strongly
striate, glabrous or minutely pubescent, not flattened. Pappus of 10-15 squamellae, each
dissected into 5-10 bristles.

Type species, Aster aurantius L,.

Leaves opposite, rather soft.

Leaves mostly simple, serrate, at most with some small subulate divisions
below the terminal lobe.

Accessory bracts oblong or lanceolate. 1. C. grandiflora.
Accessory bracts narrow, linear or subulate. 2. C. montana.
Leaves pinnately 3—7-foliolate with suborbicular to ovate leaflets.
Leaflets 3, rarely 5, distinctly petioled.
Leaflets ovate; accessory bracts with ovate acuminate scarious
appendages. . 3. C. squarrosa.
Leaflets suborbicular; accessory bracts subulate without append-
ages. 4. C. speciosa.
Leaflets mostly 5, ovate, the lateral ones subsessile. 5. C. aurantia.
Leaves mostly alternate, sub-coriaceous.
Leaves simple, ovate, subsessile, saliently serrate. 6. C. Cooperi.
Leaves, at least the lower ones, 3-divided or 3-cleft, laciniate.
Plant puberulent; bracts attenuate. 7. C. laciniata.
Plant glabrous; bracts acute or mucronate. 8. C. porophylloides.

1. Clomenocoma grandiflora (Moc. & Sessé) Rydberg.

Dyssodia grandiflora DC. Prodr. 5: 640. 1836.
Boebera grandiflora Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 640, as synonym. 1836.

A tall herb; stem 3-10 dm. high, glabrous or sparingly hirsutulous, angled, striate; leaves
opposite, practically simple, the lateral segments being reduced to small subulate lobes or
bristles on the short petiole; blades ovate, 3-5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, serrate,
sparingly hirsute above, glabrate except the midrib beneath; heads solitary at the ends
of the branches; peduncles 1-2 dm. long, with a few small bracts; involucre hemispheric, 12
mm. high, 20-25 mm. broad; principal bracts 12-15, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, with 2—4 irregular
rows of glands, erose-dentate at the apex; accessory bracts 4-8, oblong to oblong-ovate, about
half as long, acute; ligules fully 1 cm. long, elliptic, rather strongly-veined; disk-corollas strongly
veined, 12 mm. long; tube glandular at the junction with the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes
linear-lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long; achenes 2.5 mm. long, pilose; squamellae about 10, 8 mm.
long, each dissected into 8-11 slender bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico and Guatemala.

PaRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 165

2. Clomenocoma montana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 86. 1841.

Comaclinium aurantiacum Scheidw. & Planch.; Planch. Fl. Serres 8: 19. 185
Tithonia splendens Planch. Fl. Serres 8: 19, as synonym. 1852.

Dyssodia grandiflora Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 219. 1881. Not D. grandiflora DC. 1836.
Dyssodia montana A: Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 38. 1883.

A perennial herb; stem ligneous at the base, 3-10 dm. high,. branched, striate, glabrate;
leaves opposite, practically simple, the lateral divisions reduced to subulate lobes or bristles
on the petiole; blades ovate or lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, glabrous above, minutely strigillose
beneath, serrate, or the upper laciniate; heads solitary, on terminal bracted peduncles; involucre
broadly campanulate, about 15 mm. high and broad; principal bracts in two subequal series,
oblong, glabrous, fimbriate-crenate at the apex, thickened at the base, bearing a few linear or
oblong glands; accessory bracts 2-6, linear-lanceolate, much shorter; fimbrillae of the receptacle
narrow, awn-tipped, longer than the achenes; ray-flowers 12-15; ligules oblong-obovate,
obscurely 3-toothed, orange or brick-red, about 1 cm. long and 5 mm. wide; disk-corollas,
orange, 8-9 mm. long; lobes linear-lanceolate; achenes striate, sericeous-villous, 3 mm. long;
squamellae 10, 7-8 mm. long, each dissected to near the base into many bristles.

N

TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains of Aceytuno, near Guatemala.
DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala to Panama.
ILLUSTRATIONS: FI. Serres pl. 756; Bot. Mag. pl. 5310.

3. Clomenocoma squarrosa (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Dyssodia squarrosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 38. 1883.
Dyssodia appendiculata Schultz-Bip.; (Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308, hyponym. 1857) A. Gray,

Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 38, as synonym. 1883. Not D. appendiculata Lag. 1816.

A tall herb; stem 1 m. or more high, angled, glabrous, branched; leaves opposite, 3-folio-
late; petioles 2-3 ci. long, bristly-ciliate at the base; leaflets petioluled, ovate, coarsely serrate,
4-7 cm. long, more or less hirsute, acuminate; peduncles 8-15 cm. long, with a few scarious
ovate bracts; involucre turbinate, 12-15 cm. high, 15-20 mm. broad; principal bracts linear,
carinate, acuminate, somewhat scarious towards the apex, with 2 nearly marginal rows of
glands; accessory bracts with subulate, villous bases and conspicuous scarious ovate, acuminate
appendages with a single large gland; ligules about 1 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, brick-red; disk-
corollas about 9 mm. long; lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate; achenes minutely hispidulous;
squamellae about 10, 5-6 mm. long, each dissected into 5—9 bristles.

TYPE LOcALITY: Northern part of Mexico [probably Sierra Madre, Sinaloa].
DISTRIBUTION: Northern Mexico.

4. Clomenocoma speciosa (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Dyssodia speciosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 163. 1861.
Lebetina speciosa A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.

A fruticose perennial; stem 5 dm. high or more, divaricately branched, glabrous; leaves
opposite, 3-5-foliolate, 2-4 cm. long; leaflets petioled, 8-15 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
puberulent, round in outline, either coarsely incised-dentate or 3—5-cleft with incised lobes;
peduncles 7-20 cm. long, naked; involucre turbinate-campanulate, 12-15 mm. high, 2 cm.
broad; principal bracts 17-20, linear-lanceolate, caudate-attenuate, with 2-4 oblong marginal
glands below and one near the apex; accessory bracts subulate, recurved, with a single
conspicuous gland; fimbrillae of the receptacle very short; ray-flowers 14-16; ligules orange,
oblong, about 12 mm. long; disk-corollas 10-11 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long;
achenes ¥ mm. long, striate, minutely scabrous; squamellae about 10, fully 1 cm. long, each
dissected into 7—9 bristles.

TYPE LocALITy: Cape San Lucas, Lower California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Lower California.

5. Clomenocoma aurantia (L.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 9: 416. 1817.

Aster aurantius L. Sp. Pl. 877. 1753.

Dyssodia appendiculata Lag. Gen. & Sp. 29. 1816.

Inula aurantiaca Spreng. Syst. 3: 524. 1826.

Clappia aurantiaca Benth. in Hook. Ic. III. 2: 3. 1876.

Dyssodia aurantia B. 1. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

166 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

A perennial herb; stem angled and striate, 5-12 dm. high or more, glabrous; leaves oppo-
site, 3-5 cm. long, pinnate; leaflets 3-5, lanceolate, sharply serrate or incised, acuminate, 1-3
cm. long, glabrous; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; involucre 10-12 mm. high, 12-15 mm. broad,
turbinate-campanulate; principal bracts about 20, linear, acute, with 1--3 oblong glands near
the tip and with or without lateral narrowly linear ones further down; accessory bracts
about half as long, linear-subulate, with a single large gland; ligules orange, about 1 cm.
long; disk-corollas about 9 mm. long; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. long; achenes clavate,
striate; squamellae 10-15, each dissected into 5-8 bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Vera Cruz.
DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Houst. Reliq. pl. 18; Hook. Ic. pl. 1104.

6. Clomenocoma Cooperi (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Dyssodia Cooperi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 201. 1874.
Lebetina Cooperi A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.

A low perennial, with a woody base; stems several, with erect branches, 3-6 dm.
high, puberulent or in age glabrate and straw-colored; leaves all alternate, simple, sessile,
thick, puberulent, glandless, 1-2 cm. long, ovate or lanceolate, acute, scabrous, dentate with
salient, spinulose-tipped teeth; peduncles, 3-5 em. long; involucre turbinate, 15 mm. high
and about as broad; principal bracts 20-30, linear-subulate, attenuate, some with and some
without glands, the glands, if present, near the apex and 1 or 2 lateral ones halfway up;
accessory bracts subulate, half as long, with a single gland and thickened at the base; fim-
brillae subulate, 1 mm. long; ligules orange, 8-10 mm. long, oblong; disk-corollas nearly 1 ecm.
long; lobes lanceolate, fully 1 mm. long; achenes clavate, 6-7 mm. long, striate, glabrous;
squamellae 10-15, 6-8 mm. long, each dissected into 7-9 bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY Southeastern border of California on the eastern side of Providence Mountains.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California, Nevada, and Arizona.

7. Clomenocoma laciniata Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, with a woody base; stems about 3 dm. high, angled ‘and sulcate, rather densely
puberulent, branched; leaves sessile, 2-3 cm. long, puberulent, firm, the blade proper lanceolate,
incised-dentate with salient spinose teeth, those of the stem usually pinnately laciniate below
with lanceolate toothed lobes, those of the branches with one or two pairs of small subulate
lobes; peduncles 4-8 cm. long; involucre turbinate, 15-18 mm. high, 20-25 mm. broad; principal
bracts 15-20, linear-lanceolate, caudately long-attenuate, only some of them with | or 2 lateral
glands at the middle and none at the tip; accessory bracts subulate, half as long, with a single
gland; ligules narrowly oblong, 6-7 mm. long; disk-corollas 8 mm. long; lobes lanceolate;
squamellae about 10, 8-9 mm. long, each dissected into 9-11 bristles.

Type collected at Hackberry, Arizona, May 24, 1884, M. E. Jones (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Type locality and vicinity.

8. Clomenocoma porophylloides (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Dyssodia porophylloides A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 322. 1854.
Lebetina porophylloides A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.

A perennial, with a thick woody base; stems glabrous, several, 2-4 dm. high, with strongly
ascending branches; leaves mostly alternate, 1-2 cm. long, pinnately dissected into 3-5 subulate
or lanceolate, spinulose-serrate of entire divisions, glandless, thick; peduncles 3-8 cm. long;
involucre turbinate, 12 mm. high and about as broad; principal bracts 14-20, linear, acute or
mucronate, the glands various, 1 or 2 terminal and median, and 1-4 lateral on each side; acces-
sory bracts subulate, about half as long, with a single gland; ligules orange, elliptic, about
5 mm. long; disk-corollas 8 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, often tinged with purple; achenes
5 mm. long, striate, hirsutulous; squamellae 10-12, 7-8 mm. long, each dissected into 7-11
bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sandy hills near San Felipe, between San Diego and the Colorado, California.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona, southern California, and Lower California.

PART:2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : TAGETEAE 167

8. BOEBERA Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2125. 1804.

Dyssodia Cav. Descr. 202. 1802. Not Dysoda Lour. 1790.
Rosilla Less. Syn. Comp. 245. 1832.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, pinnately or bipin-
nately dissected. Heads usually radiate. Involucre hemispheric, turbinate or broadly cam-
panulate, with a distinct calyculum; principal bracts 8-10, broad, thin and somewhat searious
on the margins, with thicker backs, and 3—7 conspicuous glands; accessory bracts of about the
same number, narrow, not thin on the margins, two-thirds or three-fourths aslong. Receptacle
puberulent. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile; ligules oblong to rounded-oval, yellow or
orange. Disk-flowers many; tube rather thick, cylindric, about equaling and scarcely differ-
entiated from the nearly cylindric or somewhat trumpet-shaped throat; lobes short-triangular
or ovate. Style-branches with a short conic or otbuse appendage. Achenes hirsute, more
or less angled, somewhat compressed, cuneate-oblong. Pappus of 8-15 squamellae, each
dissected into 5-10 bristles.

Type species, Tagetes papposa ‘‘ Michx.”’ [Vent.].

Annuals; ligules inconspicuous, hardly surpassing the disk.
Involucral bracts usually greenish-yellow, with several conspicuous glands;

leaves decidedly glandular; leaf-segments not spine-tipped.
Calyculate bracts conspicuously long-ciliate, the hairs almost as long

as the width of the bracts. 1. B. ciliosa.
Calyculate bracts inconspicuously and shortly ciliate below. 2. B. papposa.
Involucral bracts usually tinged with rose, with only one or no glands;
leaves indistinctly glandular; leaf-segments distinctly spine-tipped. 3. B. roseata.
Perennials; ligules conspicuous, exserted, spreading.
Peduncles thickened under involucres; calyculate bracts linear, acute. 4. B. tagetiflora.
Peduncles not thickened; calyculate bracts oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse
or rounded at the apex.
Leaflets linear-oblanceolate, few-toothed towards the apex; plant
green. 5. B. pinnata.
Leaflets linear-filiform, mostly entire or with similar lobes; plant
grayish. 6. B. subintegerrima,

1. Boebera ciliosa Rydberg, sp. nov.

A branched annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, pubescent with crisp hairs; leaves opposite, 2-4
em. long, usually crisp-hairy, twice pinnatifid, with linear divisions; heads sessile; involucre
broadly turbinate or campanulate, 6 mm. high and fully as broad; principal bracts oval,
yellowish, usually acutish, usually with 2—5 conspicuous glands; accessory bracts linear, with
2 or 3 glands, variable in length, from one half to two thirds as long as the involucre proper,
strongly long-ciliate at the base; ray-flowers few, inconspicuous, or wanting; ligules oblong,
nearly erect, scarcely 1 mm: long; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long, similar to those of B. papposa;
achenes 3 mm. long, compressed, pubescent; pappus brown, 2.5—3 mm. long.

Type collected at Durango, in 1896, Palmer 920 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Durango, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi.

2. Boebera papposa (Vent.) Rydb.; Britton, Man. 1012. 1901.

Tagetes papposa Vent. Descr. Cels pl. 36. 1801.

Dyssodia glandulosa Cav. Descr. 202. 1802.

Boebera chrysanthemoides Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2125. 1804.

Tagetes pumila Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2126, assynonym. 1804.
Boebera glandulosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 459. 1807.

Dyssodia chrysanthemoides Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.
Dyssodia papposa Hitche. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 5: 503. 1891.

A much-branched, ill-scented annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, sparingly pilose or glabrous,
striate; leaves mostly opposite, 2-5 cm. long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid into linear divisions;
heads sessile or subsessile; involucre broadly campanulate, about 7 mm. high and 6-8 mm,
broad; principal bracts 7-10, elliptic, obtuse, with 3-9 conspicuous elliptic glands; accessory
bracts linear, two-thirds as long as the involucre, usually with 2 glands near the base; ray-
flowers few; ligules oval, inconspicuous, about 1.5 mm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube
shorter than and hardly differentiated from the cylindric throat; lobes triangular; achenes
3 mm. long, somewhat angled and compressed, pubescent; pappus 3 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Illinois.
DISTRIBUTION: Illinois to Montana, Arizona, and Louisiana; adventive eastward.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Vent. Descr. Cels pl. 36; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3979; ed. 2. f. 4549.

168 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

3. Boebera roseata Rydberg.
Dyssodia fastigiata DC. Prodr. 5: 640. 1836. Not Boebera fastigiata H. B. K. 1820.

A branched annual; stem 2-4 dm. high, somewhat crisp-hairy; leaves opposite, 2-4 cm.
long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, with linear-oblanceolate, often toothed, spinulose-tipped divi-
sions, scabrous-hispidulous on the veins; heads often short-peduncled; involucre turbinate,
about 7 mm. high and as broad; principal bracts about 8, oval, obtuse, usually tinged with
rose, usually with a single or no gland; accessory bracts fewer, linear, short-ciliate below the
middle; ray-flowers few; ligules small, oblique, about 1 mm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long,
like those of B. papposa; achenes 4 mm. long, compressed, somewhat angled, hirsute; pappus
4-5 mm. long, distinctly longer than the disk-corollas.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains of Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila and Durango to Jalisco and State of Mexico.

4. Boebera tagetiflora (Lag.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 545. 1826.

Dyssodia tagetiflora Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.
Boebera fastigiata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 198. 1820.
Dysodia appendiculata DC. Prodr. 5: 640, in part. 1836. Not D. appendiculata Lag. 1816.

A branched perennial, somewhat woody below; stems subterete, somewhat striate, spar-
ingly pubescent, branched; leaves 2-5 cm. long, pinnatifid, with linear or linear-oblanceolate
toothed segments, sparingly hirsute; lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate; heads termi-
nating the branches, peduncled; peduncles 5-10 cm. long, bracteate; involucre turbinate,
often purple-tinged, about 8 mm. high and broad; principal bracts about 8, oval, obtuse, thick
and round-keeled on the back, sparingly pubescent; accessory bracts about the same number,
slightly shorter, linear, acute, round-backed, sparingly pubescent; ray-flowers 5-8; ligules sub-
orbicular, 5-6 mm. long; disk-corollas 5 mm. long, puberulent; tube thick, about equaling and
scarcely differentiated from the nearly cylindric throat; lobes triangular; achenes 4 mm.
long, compressed, 3—4-angled, hirsute; pappus 4 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Nova Hispania [Mexico].
DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico.

5. Boebera pinnata (Cav.) Rydberg.

Aster pinnatus Cav. Ic. 3: 6. 1794.

Dyssodia pubescens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.

Boebera pubescens Spreng. Syst. 3: 544. 1826.

Rosilla lutea Less. Syn. Comp. 245. 18

Clomenocoma pinnata DC. Prodr. 5: 641. "1836.

Dyssodia pinnata B. 1,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.

A perennial, somewhat woody at the base; stems much branched with decumbent or
ascending branches, angled, strigose, pubescent with crisp hairs; leaves opposite or the upper
alternate, sparingly pubescent, pinnatifid into oblanceolate, few-toothed, callous-tipped
segments; heads short-peduncled at the ends of the branches; peduncles 3-5 cm. long;
involucre hemispheric, somewhat turbinate, 6-7 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad; principal bracts
about 8, oval, rounded at the apex, with 3-5 conspicuous oblong glands; accessory bracts oblong
or oblanceolate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, sparingly pubescent, about two thirds as long
as the involucre proper; ray-flowers 6-8; ligules rounded-oval, 6-7 mm. long, orange; disk-
corollas 3 mm. long; tube thick, scarcely differentiated from the cylindric throat; lobes
triangular; achenes 3 mm. long, 4-angled and somewhat compressed, hirsute; pappus 4 mm.
long.

TYPE Locality: “Nova Hispania” [Mexico].

DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila and Durango to Puebla and Vera Cruz.
ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Ic. pl. 212.

6. Boebera subintegerrima (Lag.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 545. 1826.

Dyssodia subintegerrima Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.

Boebera incana Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1602, 1833.

Dyssodia incana DC. Prodr. 5: 640. 1836,

Dyssodia integerrima Lag.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 219, assynonym. 1881.

PaRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 169

A perennial, somewhat woody at the base; stems 1-2 dm. high, diffusely branched, decum-
bent, canescent with short crinkled hairs; leaves opposite or the uppermost alternate, 2-3
cm. long, pinnatifid into linear-filiform segments, entire or with a few similar lobes, canescent;
peduncles 2-5 cm. long; involucre turbinate, about 6 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad; principal
bracts oval, round at the apex, with 3-5 conspicuous glands; accessory bracts oblong or ob-
lanceolate, obtuse, round on the back, three fourths as long; ray-flowers few; ligules orange,
oval, 7 mm. long, obtuse or retuse; disk-corollas 3.5 mm. long; tube poorly differentiated
from the cylindric-trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 3 mm. long, hirsute, flattened, somewhat
angled; pappus 3-4 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Nova Hispania’”’ [Mexico].
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila and San Ij1is Potosi to State of Mexico,
ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1602.

9. ACIPHYLLAEA (DC.) A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 91.
1849.

Dyssodia § Aciphyllaea DC. Prodr. 5: 641. 1836.
Hymenatherum § Aciphyllaea A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 115. 1852.

Low undershrubs with thick woody caudex. Leaves linear-filiform, acerose, opposite or
alternate, crowded, usually with fasciculate ones in their axils. Heads radiate, subsessile,
Involucre deeply campanulate, calyculate; principal bracts 8-14, linear, united to near the
top; accessory bracts fewer, 4-8, linear-subulate. distinct, about one third aslong. Receptacle
minutely alveolate. Ray-flowers few, in one series, pistillate, fertile; ligules oblong. Disk-
flowers many; corolla-tube shorter than and scarcely differentiated from the subcylindric
throat; lobes short, triangular. Achenes clavate, terete, many-striate. Pappus in a single
series of about 20 squamellae, the alternate slightly smaller, each divided into 5 bristles, or the
smaller ones into only 3.

Type species, Dyssodia acerosa DC.

1. Aciphyllaea acerosa (DC.) A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 91.
1849.

Dyssodia acerosa DC. Prodr. 5: 641. 1836.
Hymenatherum acerosum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 115, 1852.
Dyssodia fusca A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 436. 1909.

A suffruticose perennial; stems 1-2 dm. high, much branched; leaves opposite or alternate,
crowded, linear-filiform, acerose, 1-2 cm. long, with smaller ones fascicled in their axils; invo-
lucre 6-7 mm. high, 3-5 mm. broad; principal bracts obtuse, with two rows of rounded
glands; ligules yellow, 3-4 mm. long; disk-corollas yellow, 4 mm. long; lobes 0.5 mm. long;
achenes 3 mm. long; pappus 4 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: State of San Luis Potosi.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Arizona, Zacatecas, and Hidalgo.

10. SCHLECHTENDALIA Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2125. 1804.

Willdenowa Cav. Ic. 1: 61. 1791. Not Willdenovia Thunb. 1790.
Adenophyllum Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 458. 1807.

Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper alternate, pinnate. Heads radiate, pe-
duncled. Involucre campanulate, with a distinct calyculum; principal bracts 10-15, linear,
acuminate with long bristle-tips, and with 4 large glands near the apex; accessory bracts about
half as long, subulate, bristle-tipped, each with a single gland. Ray-flowers few, ligulate, pistil-
late and fertile; ligules crimson. Disk-flowers many; corolla-tube slightly gibbous at the base,
rather short, not well differentiated from and about equaling the trumpet-shaped throat; limb
unequally cleft, the lobes linear, long, equaling the tube and throat. Achenes clavate, obtusely
angled, strongly striate. _Pappus double, each series of 5 squamellae, the inner linear-lanceo-
late, longer than the achenes, with strong midrib, scarious denticulate margins, 3-cleft apex,
and ending in a stout bristle, the outer very short, cuneate, merely erose.

Type species, Willdenowa glandulosa Cav.

170 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA : [VoLuME 34

1. Schlechtendalia glandulosa (Cav.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2125. 1804.

Willdenowa glandulosa Cav. Ic. 1: 61. 1791.

Adenophyllum coccineum Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 458. 1807.

Dyssodia coccinea Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.

Dyssodia Cavanillesii Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.

Boebera Cavanillesit Spreng. Syst. 3: 544. 1826.

Dyssodia glandulosa O. Hoffm. in FE. & P. Nat. Pfl. 45: 266. 1890. Not D. glandulosa Cav. 1802.
A perennial herb; stem sharply angled, 5-10 dm. high, glabrous, branched above; leaflets

3-8, the upper lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, sharply dentate with large oblong marginal glands,

the lower teeth often tipped with long bristles, the lower leaflets much reduced, few-toothed,

the teeth all bristle-tipped or the segments themselves reduced to long bristles; upper leaves

of the branches wholly dissolved into bristles; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre including

the bristle-tips 2.5 cm. high, 10-12 mm. broad; ligules elliptic, 1 em. long; disk-corollas fully

1 cm. long, yellow tinged with crimson; tube about 2 mm. long; achenes 8 mm. long, striate;

inner squamellae 12-13 mm. long, the outer 1.5 mm. Iong.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.
ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Ic. pl. 89.

11, TRICHAETOLEPIS Rydberg, gen. nov.

Slender annuals. Leaves pinnatifid with linear-filiform divisions, the lower opposite,
the upper alternate. Heads radiate. Involucre turbinate, with a calyculum; principal
bracts 8-12, oblanceolate, united about half their length, with scarious tips and 1-3 glands;
accessory bracts 5-7, linear-filiform, glandless. Receptacle small, conic, alveolate and fim-
brillate. Ray-flowers few, pistillate and fertile; ligules oblong, yellow, scarcely longer than the
pappus. Disk-flowers numerous; corollas yellow; tube cylindric, somewhat shorter than and
poorly differentiated from the tubular throat; lobes linear or linear-subulate. Achenes clavate,
5-angled, silky-pubescent. Pappus double, of 10 squamellae in each series; outer squamellae
short, cuneate or spatulate, the inner elongate, 3-cleft and 3-awned.

Type species, Adenophyllum Wrightii A. Gray.

1. Trichaetolepis Wrightii (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Adenophyllum Wrightiit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 92. 1853.

Hymenatherum neomexicanum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 40. 1883.

Thymophylla neomexicana Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 191. 1913.
Dyssodia neomexicana B. I,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

An annual; stem simple below, branched above, minutely puberulent or glabrate, angled
and sulcate; leaves pinnatifid with 5—9 linear-filiform callous-pointed segments; upper leaves
alternate, the lower opposite; heads in leafy corymbs; peduncles 2-4 cm. long; involucre
turbinate, 7-8 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad; principal bracts oblanceolate, obtuse or acute
with fuscous scarious margins and 1-3 conspicuous glands; accessory bracts half as long;
ligules 3 mm. long; disk-corollas 5 mm. long; lobes about 1.5 mm. long, sometimes tinged
with purple; achenes 4.5 mm. long, densely hairy with ascending brown hairs; outer squamellae
barely 1 mm. long, the inner 6-7 mm. long, dissected into 3 bristles.

TYPE LOCALITY: Copper Mines [Santa Rita del Cobre], New Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: New Mexico and Chihuahua.

12. DYSODIOPSIS (A. Gray) Rydberg, gen. nov.

Hymenatherum § Dysodiopsis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 115. 1852.

Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, narrowly linear, laciniate and spinulose-dentate with
one row of glands on each side. Heads ligulate, corymbose. Involucre campanulate, with a
distinct calyculum; principal bracts 10-14, more or less in two series, but all united to near the
apex, with irregularly disposed large glands; accessory bracts fewer, more or less pectinately
toothed, unequal in length, some nearly as long as the involucre proper, some not half as long.
Ray-flowers 5-8, pistillate, fertile; ligules oblong, yellow. Disk-flowers many; corollas greenish-
yellow with dark angles and lobes; tube shorter than the narrowly funnelform throat; lobes tri-

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : TAGETEAE 171

angular, Achenes prismatic-clavate, 4-5-angled, striate, glabrous, tapering gradually down-
ward. Pappus simple, of 8-10 squamellae, those of the angles larger, all lanceolate or subulate,
awn-pointed, entire or some of them 3-cleft at the apex.

Type species, Dyssodia tagetoides T. & G.

1. Dysodiopsis tagetoides (T. & G.) Rydberg.

Dyssodia tagetoides T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 361. 1842.
Hymenatherum tagetoides A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. IT. 4: 88. 1849.
Thymophylla tagetoides Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1295. 1903.

A perennial, but evidently blooming the first year; stems single or several from the base,
3-4 dm. high, glabrous or minutely puberulent; leaves 4-7 cm. long, narrowly linear, laciniately
and spinulosely dentate with ascending teeth, the lower teeth bristle-like; heads corymbose;
peduncles 1-3 cm. long, somewhat bracteate; involucre 6-7 mm. high, 5-17 mm. broad;
principal bracts each with 2-8 conspicuous glands or the inner glandless, the free tips deltoid;
ligules 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, yellow; disk-corollas 4.5-5 mm. long; achenes 4 mm. long;
squamellae 1-2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Arkansas.

13. URBINELLA Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. 39: 117. 1903.

Glabrous annuals. Leaves mostly alternate, simple and entire, subterete. Heads radiate,
solitary and peduncled at the ends of the branches. Involucre turbinate; bracts mostly 5,
obovate, free to the base, membranous and somewhat colored on the margins, with a single
large gland. Receptacle conic, naked. Ray-flowers 5, pistillate, ligulate. Disk-flowers 30-40,
hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla-tube slender, longer than the funnelform throat; lobes 5,
lanceolate. Anthers minutely toothed at the base, appendaged at the apex. Style-branches
with sublanceolate appendages. Achenes clavate, terete, many-striate. Pappus of 5-7 short,
obovate squamellae, some or none of them awned.

Type species, Urbinella Palmeri Greenman.

1. Urbinella Palmeri Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. 39: 117. 1903.

An annual, glabrous throughout; stem 0.5—2 dm. high, branched; leaves linear-filiform,
0.5-2.5 cm. long, obtusish, with 1-3 conspicuous glands; involucre 5-6 mm. long, obscurely
keeled; ligules white, obovate, 5-6 mm. long, nearly as wide; disk-corollas light-yellow, 3
mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, black, glabrous except the puberulent base; squamellae
obovate-cuneate to lanceolate, usually 1 or 2 awn-bearing.

TYPE LOCALITY: City of Durango.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.

14. THYMOPHYLLA Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 25. 1816.

Hymenatherum Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1817: 12. 1817.
Lowellia A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 89. 1849.

Annual or perennial herbs, in the latter case often suffrutescent at the base. Leaves
opposite, or alternate, or both, pinnately dissected into narrow lobes. Heads usually radiate,
peduncled. Involucre turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, with or without a few small
accessory bracts below; principal bracts in one or two more or less distinct series, equal in
length and more or less united, each with 1-5 glands towards the tip. Receptacle naked.
Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile, rarely wanting. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite, fertile;
corolla-tube very short, obscurely differentiated from the trumpet-shaped or narrowly funnel-
form throat; lobes ovate or triangular. Style-tips obtuse or truncate. Achenes clavate, 4—5-
angled, glabrous or hispidulous on the angles. Pappus of normally 10 (rarely 10-20) squam-
ellae most often in two series, those of the inner series usually elongate, 1-3-awned; those of
the outer awned as the inner, or unawned and much shorter; or, in 3 species, all short and
unawned.

Type species, Thymophylla setifolia Lag.

172 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 34

Annuals; leaves soft, pinnatifid, glabrous, without callous or spinulose tips.
Squamellae, at least some of them, aristate.
Body of the inner squamellae lanceolate.

Squamellae 18—20, unequal, all awned and most of them 3-awned. 1. T. polychaeta.
Squamellae 10, with a long central and short lateral awns, and an
outer imperfect series of 1—5 small subulate squamellae. 2. T. diffusa.

Body of the inner squamellae oblong or obovate.
Squamellae 11-20, the inner 10 each 3-aristate, but the central awn
much longer.

Plant low; outer squamellae 1-3, minute. 3. T. tenuifolia.
Plant tall, 2-5 dm. high; outer squamellae about 10, oblance-
olate, slightly smaller than the inner. 4. T. anomala,
Squamellae about 10, all l-aristate or some awnless, with two acute
or obtuse lobes. 5. T. Neaei.
Squamellae muticous, rather firm. 6. T. aurea.
Perennials; leaves often spinulose-tipped.
Plant not tomentose.
Involucral bracts practically in one series, all completely coalescent
up to the free tips; accessory bracts lanceolate, usually com-
paratively conspicuous.
Squamellae all 3-aristate.
Plant erect, 2-3 dm. high, glabrate; leaves entire or with few
linear-lanceolate divisions. 7. T. Wrightii.
Plant diffuse, 1-2 dm. high, puberulent; leaves pinnatifid with
filiform divisions. 8. T. tenuiloba.
Squamellae unlike, the inner 5 each l-aristate, the outer 5 much
shorter and obtuse.
Involucre hemispheric; leaf-segments short, linear. 9. T. Treculii.
Involucre turbinate; leaf-segments filiform, long. 10. T. Hartwegii.

Involucral bracts in two series, united high up but the margins of the
outer bracts free and decurrent far down; accessory bracts, if
any, subulate and inconspicuous.
Leaves glabrous; outer bracts wholly glabrous; ligules broadly
oval; squamellae all 3-awned. 11. T. aurantiaca.
Leaves pubescent; bracts puberulent or the outer ones ciliate;
ligules oblong; outer squamellae 1-awned or muticous.
Involucre glabrous except the ciliate margins of the outer bracts.
All pappus-squamellae awn-tipped although the outer
shorter. 12. T. Thurberi.
Outer pappus-squamellae obtuse, much shorter.
Outer bracts narrowly linear; leaf-segments mostly 5.
Leaves spreading, nearly glabrous, with slender

rather soft segments; stem slender, elongate. 13. T. gracilis.
Leaves strongly ascending, densely short-pilose, with
shorter stiff segments. 14. T. pentachaeta.

Outer bracts linear-oblong or lanceolate.
Margins of the outer bracts decurrent to near the
base of the involucre.

Leaves green; segments 7-11, very slender. 15. T. myriophylla.
Leaves villous-canescent; segments mostly 5, short
and stiff. 16. T. villosula.
Margins of the outer bracts decurrent only halfway
down. 17. T. Berlandieri.
Involucre puberulent or pruinose, the outer bracts scarcely

ciliate.
Plant neither canescent nor conspicuously depressed.
Involucre puberulent, nearly hemispheric; leaf-segments

slender and soft. 18. T. puberula.
Involucre pruinose-puberulent, campanulate; leaf-seg-
ments stiff. 19. T. Pringlei.
Plant canescent-pilose, depressed, less than 1 dm. high. 20. T. canescens.
Plant tomentose.
Squamellae distinct, erose, the inner sometimes awned. 21. T. setifolia.
Squamellae united into a slightly sinuately toothed cup. 22. T. Greggii.

1. Thymophylla polychaeta (A. Gray) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1295.
19035;

Hymenatherum polychaetum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 116. 1852.
Dyssodia polychaeta B. 1,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.

A glabrous annual; stems 1-2 dm. high, branched from the base, with diffuse ascending
branches; leaves opposite and alternate, 3-5 cm. long, pinnatifid into 9-13 filiform divisions,
with blunt apex and large glands; peduncles 2-6 cm. long; involucre turbinate-hemispheric,
without accessory bracts, 5-6 mm. high, about 8 mm. broad; bracts about 16, oblanceolate,
with thin membranous short-acuminate apex, carinate at the base and usually with 2 sub=

PaRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 173

terminal and 2 lateral glands; ray-flowers about 10; ligules yellow, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
with 5-7 rather strong nerves; disk-corollas yellow, 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the narrowly
cylindro-funnelform throat; lobes lanceolate; achenes 2.5—3 mm. long, angled, striate, hir-
sutulous on the ribs; pappus 2.5 mm, long; squamellae 18-20, all awned and some of them
3-awned.

TYPE LOCALITY: Pass of the Limpia, Texas. 5
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas, New Mexico, Chihuahua, Zacatecas, and Coahuila.

2. Thymophylla diffusa (A. Gray) Rydberg.

Hymenatherum diffusum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 116. 1852.
Dyssodia diffusa B. 1,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

A glabrous annual; stem diffuse or decumbent, 1-2 dm. long; leaves alternate or opposite,
1-3 em. long, pinnatifid, with filiform divisions; peduncles 1-3 cm. long, minutely bracteolate;
involucre turbinate, 5 mm. high, 7 mm, broad, without accessory bracts; ligules oval, 4 mm.
long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the elongate-funnelform throat; lobes ovate;
achenes slender, 3 mm. long, hispidulous; squamellae 10, narrowly oblong, 3-toothed, the middle
tooth long-awned, the lateral ones awn-pointed, and erose-laciniate on the margins.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico.
DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua,

3. Thymophylla tenuifolia (Cass.) Rydberg.

Hymenatherum tenuifolium Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 22: 314. 1821.
Dyssodia tenuifolia Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 866. 1906.

A glabrous annual; stem diffusely branched, 1-2 dm. high; leaves mostly alternate, 2-3
cm. long, pinnatifid into 7-11 filiform divisions; peduncles 2—4 cm. long, minutely bracteolate;
involucre turbinate, 5 mm. high, 6-7 mm. broad, without calyculum; bracts about 15,
oblanceolate, with broad, abruptly short-acuminate tips and 3-5 more or less raised glands;
ligules oval, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the elongate-
funnelform throat; lobes ovate; achenes slender, angled, 2 mm. long, hispidulous; pappus usually
double; principal squamellae 10, about 2.5 mm. long; body oblong or ovate, 3-toothed at the
apex, the middle tooth long-awned, the lateral ones awn-pointed; accessory outer squamellae
1-3, minute, subulate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, but the specimen of uncertain source.
DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi to Mexico (State).

4, Thymophylla anomala (Canby & Rose) Rydberg.

Hymenatherum anomalum Canby & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 105. 1891.
Dyssodia anomala B. 1,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 506. 1913.

A slender annual; stem 1.5—5 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves opposite or alternate,
2-4 cm. long, pinnatifid into 7—9 filiform segments with conspicuous glands; peduncles 4-7
cm, long; involucre hemispheric, without calyculum, 5 mm. high, 7-8 mm. broad; bracts in
2 series, equal, oblanceolate, acute, almost free, with 1-5 oblong oil-glands; ray-flowers about
10; ligules oblong, about 1 cm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the
trumpet-shaped throat; lobes ovate; achenes 2 mm. long, angled and striate, slightly hirsute;
pappus double, each series of about 10 squamellae, the inner 3-toothed, the middle tooth
long-awned, the lateral ones awn-tipped; outer squamellae merely erose-laciniate.

TYPE LOCALITY: Base of Alamos Mountains, Sonora.
DISTRIBUTION: Sonora, Sinaloa, and Durango.
ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: pl. 7.

5. Thymophylla Neaei (D¢.) Rydberg.

Hymenatherum Neaei DC. Prodr. 5: 642. 1836. f
Hymenatherum boeberoides A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 115. 1852.
Dyssodia Neaei B. 1. RObinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

A glabrous annual; stems diffusely branched from near the base, ascending; leaves 2-3
cm. long, mostly alternate, pinnatifid into linear-filiform divisions; peduncles 1-3 cm. long;
involucre turbinate-hemispheric, 5 mm. high, 7-8 mm. broad, without calyecwum; bracts

174 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

oblanceolate, united to near the triangular apex; glands 3-5, rather irregularly disposed; ligules
broadly oval, 5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the
elongate-funnelform throat; lobes ovate; achenes 2.5 mm. long, hirsutulous; squamellae about
10, the body very short, usually 2-cleft at the apex, with acute or obtuse awnless lobes and
some or all of them with a slender awn between the lobes.

TYPE Loca.ity: ‘Chile ?”’ [but probably Mexico].
DISTRIBUTION: Durango to San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.

6. Thymophylla aurea (A. Gray) Greene; Britt. & Brown, Ill. FI.
Se Ao ae SOG.

Lowellia aurea A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 91. 1849.
Hymenatherum aureum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 42. 1883.
Dyssodia aurea A. Nelson; Coult. & Nels. Man. 563. 1899.

A glabrous annual; stem diffusely branched, 1-1.5 dm. high; leaves pinnatifid into 7-11
filiform divisions, the lower opposite, the upper alternate, with conspicuous glands; peduncles
1-3 cm. long; involucre turbinate-hemispheric, about 5 mm. high and 8 mm. broad; bracts in
two series, united to near the ovate tips, each with 2—4 large glands; ray-flowers 14 or 15; ligules
7-8 mm. long, golden-yellow; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube much shorter than the trumpet-
shaped throat; lobes ovate; achenes 3 mm. long, angled and striate; squamellae about 0.3
mm. long, oblong, truncate, erose at the apex.

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Cold Spring and Upper Spring, Cimarron Creek [probably Texas].
DISTRIBUTION: Kansas and Colorado to Texas and Chihuahua.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. f. 3980; ed. 2. f. 4550.

7. Thymophylla Wrightii (A. Gray) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1295.
1903.

Hymenatherum Wrightit A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 89. 1849.
Dyssodia Wrightii B. L. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.

A glabrous perennial herb; stems 2-4 cm. high, several from the persistent base, branched
above; leaves opposite or alternate, 2—5 cm. long, linear and entire or divided below into linear
divisions, spinulose-tipped; peduncles 5—8 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high,
8-12 mm. broad, with a calyculum of 1—5 lance-subulate small accessory bracts; principal bracts
18-22, in two series, united to the ovate tips, the glands usually 2, conspicuous; ligules 4 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, yellow; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped
throat; lobes ovate; achenes 3.5 mm. long, strigose, slightly hirsutulous; squamellae 10, all
awned, some of them 3-awned.

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Rio Colorado and Rio Guadalupe, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas.

8. Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1295. 1903.

Hymenatherum tenuilobum DC. Prodr. 5: 642. 1836.
Hymenatherum tenuifolium A, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 118. 1852. Not H. tenuifolium Cass. 1821.
Dyssodia tenuiloba B. L,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.

A puberulent perennial; stems diffusely branched, 1-2 dm. high; leaves mostly alternate,
2-3 cm. long, pinnatifid, with 9-13 filiform, spinulose-tipped segments; peduncles 3-5 em. long;
involucre turbinate, 5-6 mm. high, 7-8 mm. broad, with a calyculum of 3-6 lanceolate bracts
1-2 mm. long; principal bracts 15-20, linear-oblong, united to near the tips, practically in one
series, the deltoid or ovate lobes erose, scarcely overlapping, with 1-5 conspicuous glands,
perfectly glabrous; ligules oblong, 3-4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube
shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat; lobes ovate; achenes 3 mm. long, hispidulous on the
angles; squamellae 10, nearly alike, 2 mm. long, all or most of them 3-awned, the middle
awn much longer.

TYPE LOCALITY: Near Bexar, Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Coahuila.

ParRT 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE : TAGETEAE 175

9. Thymophylla Treculii (A. Gray) Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 1295. 1903.
Hymenatherum Treculit A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 42. 1883.

Dyssodia Treculii B. L,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad, 49: 508. 1913.

A glabrous perennial, scarcely fruticose at the base; stem diffusely branched, 1-2 dm.
high; leaves opposite or alternate, 1—2 cm. long, pectinately pinnatifid into 5-13 linear, approxi-
mate, short segments; peduncles 3—5 cm. long; involucre hemisphéric, 6 mm. high and 8 mm,
broad, glabrous, with 5—8 lanceolate accessory bracts; principal bracts in a single series, wholly
coalescent up to the triangular, short-acuminate free tips; glands mostly 1 or 2 on each bract;
ligules 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the trumpet-
shaped throat; lobes ovate; achenes 3 mm. long, sparingly hispidulous on the angles;
squamellae 10, in two series, the inner 3 mm. long, with an awn between the two lobes of
the apex, the outer oblong, 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Southeastern Texas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Coahuila.

10. Thymophylla Hartwegii (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley, Contr.
Uns: Nat. Herb. 16: 191. 1973,

Hymenatherum Berlandieri Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839. Not H. Berlandieri DC. 1836.
Hymenatherum Hartwegiit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 117. 1852. ;

Tagetes aristata Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 109. 1889.

Dyssodia Hartwegii B. L,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

A sparingly and minutely puberulent perennial, suffruticose at the base; leaves opposite,
2-3 cm. long, pinnatifid, with 5-7 filiform spinulose-tipped divisions; peduncles filiform,
3-5 cm. long; involucre turbinate, about 5 mm. high and nearly as broad, minutely pruinose-
puberulent, with 1—4 small lanceolate or subulate accessory bracts; principal bracts united and
wholly coalescent up to the triangular, short-acuminate free tips; glands 3-5; ligules 5 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat;
achenes fully 2 mm. long, hispidulous on the angles; squamellae 10, in 2 series, the inner 2
mm. long, awn-tipped, the outer 0.5—0.7 mm. long, oblong.

TYPE LOCALITY: Aguas Calientes.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and New Mexico to Aguas Calientes.

11. Thymophylla aurantiaca (Brand.) Rydberg.

Hymenatherum aurantiacum Brand. Zoe 5: 258. 1908.
Dyssodia aurantiaca B. L,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

A perennial, with a woody caudex; stems 1-2 dm. high; leaves alternate, 2-3 cm. long,
pinnatifid, with 5—7 linear divisions, glabrous, fleshy, with numerous glands; peduncles 1-1.5 cm,
long; involucre turbinate, 5 mm. high, 6-8 mm. broad, without calyculum; bracts 9-14, keeled
below, united to near the apex, with deltoid tips and 2-6 glands; ray-flowers about 6; ligules
yellow, 4 mm. long; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the funnelform throat; achenes
2mm. long, angled and striate; squamellae 8-10, ovate-lanceolate, divided into 3 bristles
(rarely with two minute additional bristles), the middle bristle much longer.

TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de Santa Lucia, Puebla.
DISTRIBUTION: Puebla.

12. Thymophylla Thurberi (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley, Contr.
Diss. Nat Herb. 16:,191. 1913.

Hymenatherum tenuifolium var. A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 93. 1853.
Hymenatherum Thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 41. 1883.
Dyssodia cupulata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.

Dyssodia Thurberi B. 1,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.

A pubescent perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems 1-2 dm. high, diffusely branched,
finely short-pilose; leaves mostly opposite, sessile, 1.5-3 cm. long, pinnatifid into 5-7 narrowly
filiform spinulose-tipped divisions, short-pilose; peduncles slender, 4-8 cm. long; involucre
turbinate-campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad, naked or with 1-3 minute subulate
accessory bracts; principal bracts in two series, united high up, the inner broader, with triangu-
lar tips and 3-5 glands near the apex, the outer linear, acute, with the ciliate free margins decur-

176 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

rent nearly to the base, their glands 5-9, in two rows; ligules 3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide; disk-
corollas 2.5 mm. long; tube very short; throat trumpet-shaped; lobes ovate; achenes 2-3 mm.
long, hispidulous on the angles; pappus 2-3 mm. long, of 10 lanceolate awn-tipped squamellae,
the inner 5 usually 3-awned, the outer ones with a single short awn or awn-tip,

TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Border of western Texas and Mexico near El Paso” [but the type was
collected within Chihuahua].
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Nevada, Durango, and Coahuila.

13. Thymophylla gracilis Rydberg, sp. nov.

Hymenatherum Hartwegii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 117, in part. 1852.
Thymophylla Hartwegit Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 191, in part. 1913.

A puberulent perennial, with a slender, suffruticose base; stems 1-2 dm. long, minutely
puberulent or glabrate, diffusely branched; leaves mostly opposite, 2-4 em. long, pinnatifid,
with 3-7 slender, filiform, approximate, spinulose-tipped, puberulent divisions; peduncles 4-6
em. long, slender; involucre turbinate-campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad, naked,
glabrous, except the ciliate margins of the outer series of bracts; bracts in two series of about
8 bracts each, united high up; inner bracts oblong, with triangular erose tips and 3-5
glands; outer bracts linear, with the ciliate free margins decurrent to near the base, their glands
5-7; ligules yellow, 3-4 mm. long, fully 1 mm. broad; disk-corollas about 3 mm. long; achenes
2.5 mm. long, glabrous; pappus distinctly double; inner 5 squamellae 2.5 mm. long, awned,
the outer 5 scarcely 0.5 mm. long, spatulate-oblong.

Type collected at Barstow, Texas, July, 1901, David Griffiths 622 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Arizona ‘and Lower California.

14. Thymophylla pentachaeta (DC.) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1295.
1903.

Hymenatherum pentachaetum DC. Prodr. 5: 642. 1836.
Dyssodia pentachaeta B. 1,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

A low puberulent perennial, suffruticose at the base, usually less than 1 dm. high; stems
with many short branches, rather densely pilose-puberulent; leaves mostly opposite, crowded,
1-2 cm. long, pilose-puberulent, pinnatifid, with 5-7 short, stiff, spinulose-tipped divisions;
peduncles 3-5 cm. long; involucre turbinate-campanulate, 4-5 mm. high and about as broad,
naked or with 1-3 minute subulate accessory bracts; principal bracts united high up, in two
series, the inner with triangular erose tips and 2-5 glands, the outer narrowly linear, with the
ciliate free margins decurrent to near the base; ligules 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-corol-
las 2.5 mm. long; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes nearly 3 mm. long,
glabrous; pappus double; inner 5 squamellae lanceolate, nearly 3 mm. long, including the awn,
the outer 5 oblong-spatulate, 1 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Monterey, Nuevo Leon.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Arizona and Nuevo Leon.

15. Thymophylla myriophylla Rydberg, sp. nov.

A puberulent perennial; stems 1-1.5 dm. high, diffusely branched, pilose-puberulent;
leaves opposite, spreading, crowded, 2-3 cm. long, puberulent, pinnatifid, with 7-11 very
slenderly filiform divisions; peduncles 5-7 cm. long, slender; involucre almost hemispheric,
5 mm. high, 7 mm. broad, with a few lance-subulate accessory bracts; principal bracts in two
series; inner bracts with broadly triangular erose tips and 1-3 rather inconspicuous glands;
outer bracts linear, oblong, ciliate, with the free margins decurrent to the base, the glands
3-5; ligules orange, 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long,
glabrous; pappus double; inner 5 squamellae lanceolate, erose, awn-tipped; outer 5 squamellae
oblanceolate or spatulate, obtuse or acute.

Type collected at Laredo, Texas, March 21, 1903, J. Reverchon 3982 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

PAR TZ, 1915)] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 177

16. Thymophylla villosula Rydberg, sp. nov.

A depressed perennial, suffruticose and cespitose at the base; stems 5-8 em. high, diffusely
branched, villosulous; leaves crowded, canescently villosulous, mostly opposite, pinnatifid
into 5-7 short, subulate-filiform, spinulose-tipped segments; peduncles 2—4 cm. long; involucre
turbinate, 4-5 mm. high, 6-7 mm. broad; bracts in two series, with membranous margins
and 1-3 glands, glabrous except the ciliate margins, the outer bracts oblong-linear, acute, the
inner ones broadly oval; ligules 4 mm. long, nearly 2 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2—-2.5 mm. long;
achenes 3 mm. long, sparingly hispidulous or glabrate; pappus double; inner 5 squamellae
lanceolate, awn-tipped, 2.5 mm. long; outer 5 squamellae oblong, less than 1 mm. long.

Type collected in western Texas, C. Wright (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas and Coahuila.

17. Thymophylla Berlandieri (DC.) Rydberg.
Hymenatherum Berlandieri DC. Prodr. 5: 642. 1836.

A low puberulent perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems diffusely branched, including the
peduncles 1—1.5 dm. high, puberulent; leaves mostly opposite, crowded on the short branches,
1-2 cm. long, sparingly puberulent, pinnatifid, with 7-11 filiform spinulose-tipped divisions;
peduncles about 3 cm. long; involucre 4-5 mm. high, 5—7 mm. broad, turbinate, with a few
subulate, minute accessory bracts; principal bracts in two series, wholly coalescent below, the
inner with ovate tips, the outer lanceolate, with the ciliate free margins decurrent to about
the middle of the involucre; ligules 2-3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2 mm. long;
lobes ovate; achenes 2 mm. long, sparingly hispidulous on the angles; pappus double; inner
5 squamellae about 2 mm. long, awned, the outer 5 oblong and obtuse, erose.

TYPE LOCALITY: Between Santander and Vittoria, Tamaulipas.
DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Tamaulipas.

18. Thymophylla puberula Rydberg, sp. nov.

A puberulent perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems 1-2 dm. high, densely puberulent,
much branched; leaves mostly 2-4 cm. long, opposite, densely puberulent, pinnatifid with
filiform divisions; peduncles about 5 mm. long; involucre turbinate, puberulent, 5-6 mm.
high, 7-8 mm. broad, with a few subulate, minute accessory bracts; principal bracts in two
series, the inner with triangular tips and 1-3 glands, the outer lanceolate with 3-5 glands
and the free margins decurrent halfway down or more; ligules 4-5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide;
disk-corollas 3 mm. long; tube shorter than the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 3 mm. long,
sparingly hispidulous on the angles; pappus doub!e; inner 5 squamellae lanceolate, including
the awn 3 mm. long, the outer 5 oblong, 1 mm. long.

Type collected in the valley of San Luis Potosi, 1877, Schaffner 328 (754) (herb. N. Y. Bot.
Gard.).
DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Chihuahua, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo.

19. Thymophylla Pringlei Rydberg, sp. nov.

A perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems 1-2 dm. high, diffusely branched, viscid-
puberulent; leaves opposite, puberulent, about 2 cm. long, pinnatifid into 5—9 filiform, spinulose-
tipped segments; peduncles slender, 2-5 cm. long; involucre campanulate, 4 mm. high, 3-4
mm. broad, finely pruinose-puberulent, naked or with 1-3 minute, subulate accessory bracts;
principal bracts in two series, united high up, the inner with triangular tips and 1-3 glands,
the outer linear, with 3-5 glands and the free margins decurrent; ligules yellow, + mm. long,
1.5-2 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long; achenes 3 mm. long, glabrous; pappus double;
inner 5 squamellae 3 mm. long, awn-tipped, the outer 5 only 1 mm. long, spatulate, obtuse.

Type collected on calcareous soils, hills near Chihuahua, 1886, Pringle 1022 (herb. Columbia

Univ.).
DIstTRIBUTION: Arizona and Chihuahua.

178 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 34

20. Thymophylla canescens Rydberg, sp. nov.

A depressed perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems less than 1 dm. high, diffusely
branched, densely puberulent; leaves crowded, canescent-pilose, mostly opposite, crowded,
pinnatifid, with 5-9 filiform, spinulose-tipped, rather stiff segments; peduncles 3-4 cm. long;
involucre hemispheric, 3.5-4 mm. high, 7-8 mm. broad, puberulent, not ciliate; bracts in two
series, with membranous margins and 1-3 glands; ligules 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; disk-
corollas 2.5 mm. long; achenes 2 mm. long, hirsutulous; pappus double; inner 5 squamellae
lanceolate, 3 mm. long, awn-tipped, the outer 5 less than 1 mm. long, oblong.

Type collected at San Iuis Potosi, 1878, Parry & Palmer 515 (herb. Columbia Univ.).
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi.

21. Thymophylla setifolia Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 25. 1816.

Hymenatherum setifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 42. 1883.
Hymenatherum setifolium radiatum Brand. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 279. 1912.
Dyssodia setifolia B. l,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.

A cespitose perennial, suffruticose below; stems 1-2 dm. high, densely white-tomentose,
much branched; leaves mostly opposite, crowded, with smaller ones fascicled in their axils,
tomentose, 1-3 cm. long, pinnatifid into 3-7 filiform, spinulose-tipped segments; peduncles
4-6 cm. long; involucre tomentose, turbinate, 4 mm. high, 5—6 mm. broad; bracts united very
high up, with lanceolate, acuminate tips, bearing 1-3 glands; ray-flowers usually wanting,
rarely present; ligules 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2 mm. long; tube shorter than
the narrowly funnelform throat; achenes 2.5 mm. long, glabrous; pappus of 5-10 squamellae,
either all oblong, about 0.5 mm. long, muticous and erose, or the inner lanceolate, awn-
tipped and nearly 2 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: ‘“‘Nova Hispania”’ [Mexico].
DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila to Querétaro and Aguas Calientes.

22. Thymophylla Greggii A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II: 4: 92.
1849.

Thymophylla Greggii radiata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 119. 1852.
Hymenatherum Greggii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 42. 1883.
Dyssodia Greggii B. L,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.

A perennial, with a cespitose suffrutescent base; stems 1-2 dm. high, densely white-tomen-
tose, diffusely branched; leaves opposite, crowded, tomentose, with smaller fasciculate ones in
their axils, 1-1.5 cm. long, mostly 3-cleft into rather stiff, spinulose-tipped, filiform segments;
peduncles 4-6 cm. long; involucre campanulate, 4 mm. high and about as broad, tomentose
when young, often glabrate in age; bracts with deltoid or lanceolate tips, bearing 1-3 glands;
ray-flowers usually present; ligules 3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide; disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long;
tube half as long as the trumpet-shaped throat; achenes 2.5 mm. long, glabrous; pappus a
crown of wholly united rather firm squamellae, sinuately dentate at the apex.

TYPE LOCALITY: Buena Vista, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas, New Mexico, and Coahuila.
ILLUSTRATION: A. Gray, Pl. Wright. pl. 7.

15. GNAPHALIOPSIS DC. Prodr. 7: 258. 1838.

Cespitose, floccose perennials with a woody base. Leaves mostly alternate, entire,
densely floccose. Heads radiate, sessile at the ends of the branches. Involucre campanu-
late, densely floccose, without calyculum; bracts in a single series, united to near the apex.
Receptacle naked, convex. Ray-flowers few, pistillate and fertile; ligules oblong, yellow.
Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas glabrous; tube shorter than the
trumpet-shaped throat. Anthers obtuse. Style-branches with subcapitate truncate tips.
Achenes elongate-clavate, angled. Pappus double; inner 5 squamellae lanceolate, awn-tipped,
equaling the disk-corollas; outer 5 squamellae much shorter and obtuse.

Type species, Guaphaliopsis micropoides DC.

PART 2, 1915] CARDUACEAE: TAGETEAE 179

1. Gnaphaliopsis micropoides DC. Prodr. 7: 258. 1838.

Hymenatherum gnaphalodes A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 90. 1849.
Hymenatherum Gnaphaliopsis A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 115. 1849.
Hymenatherum micropoides A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. 8. 1898.
Thymophylia gnaphaloides Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1295. 1903.

Dyssodia micropoides Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 866. 1906.

A densely white-floccose, depressed, spreading, cespitose perennial, with a woody caudex;
stems rarely more than 1 cm. high; leaves spatulate, 5-18 mm. long; involucre 6 mm. high,
5-6 mm. broad; bracts with ovate free tips, and 7-9 glands hidden on the outside by the
wool, but conspicuous inside; ligules 5-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; disk-corollas 3 mm. long;
achenes 3.5 mm. long, pilose; inner squamellae 3 mm. long, the outer oblong or spatulate, less
than 1 mm, long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Monterey, Nuevo Leon.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas to Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.

16. NICOLLETIA A. Gray; Torr. in Frém. Rep. 315. 1845.

Perennial or annual (?) glabrous herbs, with slender rootstocks. Leaves alternate, pin-
natifid, with narrow divisions. Heads radiate. Involucre campanulate or turbinate, sub-
tended by a calyculum of 1-5 small accessory bracts; principal bracts 8-12 in a single
series, slightly overlapping and narrowly scarious-margined. Receptacle convex, favose.
Ray-flowers few, pistillate and fertile; ligules flesh-colored or purplish, oblong, entire or
slightly 3-toothed. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas with a short gla-
brous tube gradually enlarging into a trumpet-shaped elongate throat; lobes 5, short, erect.
Style-branches with filiform hispid appendages. Achenes slender, clavate-subcylindric,
gradually tapering downward, subterete, hirsute with short ascending hairs. Pappus double,
the inner of 5 lanceolate awn-tipped squamellae, the outer of numerous capillary bristles.

Type species, Nicolletia occidentalis A. Gray.

Ligules 4 mm. long; accessory bracts rather conspicuous, one-third to one-half
as long as the involucre; leaf-segments linear. 1. N. occidentalis.
Ligules 8-10 mm. long; accessory bracts less than one-fourth as long as the
involucre; leaf-segments linear-filiform.

Pappus-squamellae entire; awn at least three-fourths as long as the body. 2. N. Edwardsii.
Pappus-squamellae 3-cleft at the apex; awn one-fourth to one-half as long as
the body. 3. N. trifida.

1. Nicolletia occidentalis A. Gray; Torr. in Frém. Rep. 316. 1845.

A perennial herb, with a slender rootstock; stem stout, 2-3 dm. high, with ascending
branches, striate, glabrous; leaves alternate, fleshy, 3-5 cm. long, pectinately pinnatifid with
linear, awn-tipped divisions, each bearing a gland near the tip; heads subsessile; involucre
15-17 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad; principal bracts 8-12, broadly linear, glabrous, abruptly
acute, slightly scarious-margined, with a single gland near the apex, and occasionally one or
two near the margins below; accessory bracts 1-5, ovate, acute, one third to one half as
long as the involucre; ligules flesh-colored, oblong, mostly ascending, 4 mm. long; disk-
corollas yellow, 8 mm. long; tube 1.5 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, glandular-puberulent;
achenes 8 mm. long; squamellae 8 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, gradually attenuate into
hispidulous awn-tips; bristles 5-6 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Banks of the Mojave River, southeastern California.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern California.

2. Nicolletia Edwardsii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 119. 1852.

An annual (according to original description) or perennial, with a slender rootstock; stem
slender, 1-2 dm. high, branched from near the base, glabrous; leaves alternate, pinnately
divided into 3-5 linear-filiform divisions, attenuate, and each bearing a gland near the apex;
peduncles 1-1.5 cm. long; involucre turbinate, 10-12 mm. high, 5-8 mm. broad; principal
bracts oblanceolate, scarious-margined, acuminate, with a short gland near the apex, and
one or two elongate linear ones near each margin; accessory bracts lanceolate or ovate, less
than one-fourth as long as the involucre proper; ligules oblong, about 10 mm. long, bluntly

180 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 34

3-toothed; disk-corollas 7 mm. long; tube 1-1.5 mm. long; lobes triangular-lanceolate, glandu-
lar-puberulent; achenes 7 mm. long, short-hirsute; squamellae 7 mm. long, the body nar-
rowly-lanceolate, rather abruptly contracted into a long hispidulous awn; bristles 3-5 mm.
long.

TYPE LocaLity: Near Guajuquilla, Chihuahua.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas, New Mexico, and Coahuila.
IntustrRations: A. Gray, Pl. Wright. pl. 8; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 45: f. 126, D.

3. Nicolletia trifida Rydberg, sp. nov.

A low perennial; stem about 2 dm. high, branched, bushy, glabrous, striate; leaves alter-
nate, pinnately divided into 3-5 linear mucronate segments, each with a gland at the very
tip; peduncles 0.5—2 cm. long; involucre turbinate, 10-12 mm. high; principal bracts about 10,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with a single gland near the apex; accessory bracts 1-4,
lanceolate, less than one fifth as long as the involucre proper; ligules flesh-colored, about 8
mm. long, entire or sinuately 3-toothed; disk-corollas 6-7 mm. long; tube 1 mm. long; lobes
lanceolate; achenes 6 mm. long; squamellae 4-6 mm. long, 3-cleft at the apex, the middle
lobe with a short awn less than one fourth the length of the body; bristles unequal, 3-5
mmm. long.

Type collected at Los Angeles Bay, Lower California, 1887, Palmer 569 (herb. Columbia
Univ.).
DISTRIBUTION: Lower California.

17. LEUCACTINIA Rydberg, gen. nov.

Perennial herbs with slender branching caudex. Leaves alternate, but crowded at the
base, filiform, conspicuously glandular-dotted. Heads radiate, peduncled, terminal. In-
volucre turbinate, without calyculum; bracts 8-15, obovate or oblanceolate, thickened and
herbaceous below, scarious above, rounded or truncate at the erose apex, and with 2 series of
oil-glands. Receptacle alveolate. Ray-flowers 8-15, pistillate and fertile; ligules oblong,
white. Disk-flowers numerous, hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas yellow; tube shorter
than and gradually passing into the narrowly funnelform throat; lobes 5, short. Style-branches
elongate, recurved with capitate tips. Achenes elongate, linear-cylindric. Pappus simple,
of 10-20 scabrous bristles.

Type species, Pectis bracteata S. Wats.

1. Leucactinia bracteata (S. Wats.) Rydberg.
Pectis bracteata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 155. 1890.

A perennial, with a slender branching caudex; stems glabrous, angled, 2-3 dm. high, densely
leafy towards the base, scapiform above; leaves filiform or nearly so, 2-6 cm. long, subulate-
tipped, the upper reduced and bract-like; involucre 7-8 mm. high, nearly 1 cm. broad;
ligules about 8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, white, dark-veined in age; disk-flowers 50-65; corollas
6 mm. long; achenes 4.5-5 mm. long, glabrous; pappus-bristles slightly dilated and linear-sub-
ulate below, 4.5-5 mm. long.

TYPE LOCALITY: Carneros Pass, Coahuila.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality.

18. CHRYSACTINIA A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 93. 1849.

Low glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or pinnatifid. Heads radiate,
peduncled, terminal, solitary. Involucre hemispheric or nearly so; bracts 8-12, linear, distinct,
in a single series, each with a solitary oil-gland,. Receptacle corneo-alveolate. Ray-flowers
few, pistillate and fertile; ligules linear, yellow or orange. Disk-flowers many, hermaphro-
dite and fertile; corolla-tube shorter than the cylindric or trumpet-shaped throat; lobes 5,
ovate or triangular. Style-branches elongate, narrowly linear, flat, with a short conic
appendage. Achenes elongate, linear-cylindric, striate, hispid. Pappus simple, of hispidu-
lous-scabrous bristles longer than the achenes.

Type species, Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray.

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