NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA Published by Societas Europaea Lepidopterclogica (SEL) Volume 31 - Number 1 : 2008 http://www.soceurlep.eu HONORARY MEMBERS Günter Ebert (D), Pamela Gilbert (GB), Barry Goater (GB), Peter Hättenschwiler (CH), Prot. Dr Niels P. Kristensen (DK), Prof. Dr Vladimir Kuznetzov (RU), Dr Yuri P. Nekrutenko (UA) COUNCIL President: Dr Gerhard Tarmann (A) Vice-President: Prof. Dr Joaquin Baixeras (E) General Secretary: Dr David Agassiz (UK) Treasurer: Dr Robert Trusch (D) Membership Secretary: Willy De Prins (B) Ordinary Council Members: David Demerges (F), Prof. Dr Konstantin A. Efetov (UA), Dr Jörg Gelbrecht (D), Dr Andras Kun (H), Dr Nils Ryrholm (S) Editors: Dr Bernard Landry (CH), Dr Matthias Nuss (D) © Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL) ISSN 0342-7536 Type setting: blattwerk | dd Printed by Druckhaus Dresden GmbH All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Authors are responsible for the contents of their papers. NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA A journal focussed on Palaearctic and General Lepidopterology Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica e.V. http://www.soceurlep.eu Editors Dr Bernard Landry (Genéve, CH), e-mail: bernard.landry @ ville-ge.ch Dr Matthias Nuss (Dresden, D), e-mail: matthias.nuss@snsd.smwk.sachsen.de Editorial Board Dr Enrique Garcia-Barros (Madrid, E), Prof. Dr Roger L. H. Dennis (Wilmslow, UK), Dr Thomas Fartmann (Minster, D), Dr Axel Hausmann (Munich, D), Dr Peter Huemer (Innsbruck, A), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, DK), Dr Yuri P. Nekrutenko (Kiev, UA), Dr Erik van Nieukerken (Leiden, NL), Dr Thomas Schmitt (Trier, D), Dr Wolfgang Speidel (Bonn, D), Dr Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde (F), Dr Niklas Wahlberg (Turku, FIN) Volume 31 No. 1- Dresden, 15.05.2008 - ISSN 0342-7536 Contents Vlad Dinca & Roger Vila. Improving the knowledge on Romanian Rhopalocera, including the rediscovery of Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) (Lycaenidae) and an application of DNA-based identification .............uuussssssesssssnnssesnnenesennnnennnnnn 3—23 Axel Hofmann & Tabassom Kia-Hofmann. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Zygaenidae). Part VIII: Bionomics of high-mountain species in the Alborz Mountains and adjacent areas (introduction: Z. SPECIOSA, Z.. cacuminum) oc ccccc.csesiev.cseccoceesseeesctessvbeceseodetececiesésssaeceses 25-52 Alexey V. Solovyev. Review of the genus Phocoderma Butler, 1886 (ZyeaenoldeaEimacodidae)..n.ne. nennen le ee 53-63 Florian Altermatt. A new species of Agdistis Hübner, 1825 from Tajikistan (Bierophondae) ms ene tee nantes led etes cl ce Me 65-68 Salvatore Bella. Caryocolum siculum sp. n. (Gelechiidae), feeding on Gypsophila (Canyjophydlaccae) im Say een Ne Ne Pen. ve 69-75 2 Contents Reinhard Gaedike. On the generic affiliation of the taxon efflexa Xiao & Li, 2006 (Tineidae) teste RS TT RE ul Reinhard Gaedike. Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes | to 30 by taxon and author names, with publication dates ..................2ussessssssseessensneneneennn 79-162 BOOK TEVIEWS ae ee ee ae ER ee 24, 64, 76 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 3 Improving the knowledge on Romanian Rhopalocera, including the rediscovery of Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) (Lycaenidae) and an application of DNA-based identification VLAD DincA! & ROGER VILA? ' Departament de Genética i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: sudistu@ yahoo.com 2 ICREA and Departament de Genética i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, e-mail: roger.vila@uab.cat Abstract. From May 19th to June 8th of 2007, the authors undertook lepidopterological research in 29 localities in Romania, several of which are poorly or totally unstudied from a lepidopterological point of view. 105 taxa were identified, out of which seven receive special attention in the text, with comments on their distribution, ecology and conservation status. Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) (Lycaenidae) is recorded for the first time in Romania after 28 years. We provide the first record from Muntenia for Cupido (Everes) decolorata (Staudinger, 1886) (Lycaenidae), and the third known Romanian location for Pseudophilotes bavius egea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) (Lycaenidae). Lepidoptera DNA-based identification was used for species identification based on larval stages. This technique confirmed the discovery of Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) (Papilionidae) in south- ern Dobrogea and its rediscovery in the entire province after 80 years. Introduction Although the Romanian butterfly fauna has been studied for more than 150 years (e.g. Fuss 1850; Franzenau 1852, 1856, 1859; Mann 1866), there are still large gaps regard- ing the distribution and conservation status of many of the species known to occur within the country’s territory. The newest version of the Catalogue of the Romanian Lepidoptera (Rakosy et al. 2003) reflects the knowledge for Romania’s main histori- cal regions, which turn out to be very unequally studied, with the greatest gaps in the southern parts of the country. Moreover, a considerable amount of faunistical data was published decades ago and for many specific locations there is no new data available on Lepidoptera, making an objective assessment of Romania’s species distribution and conservation status very difficult. This is of particular importance now, as the country joined the European Union and conservation-oriented actions are more accessible (but also more necessary) than ever. The main goals of the present study are to improve the knowledge regarding the Romanian butterfly fauna and to point out the natural capital of several of the coun- try’s areas, which are little known to European biologists. Special attention is given to seven taxa considered of particular importance, including original distribution data and aspects related to their conservation status. In addition, Lepidoptera DNA-based identification is used as a means of precise species identification during larval develop- ment. Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536 4 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies Abbreviations bp base pairs CI consistency Index COI cytochrome oxidase subunit I COII cytochrome oxidase subunit II DNA deoxyribonucleic acid dNTP deoxynucleoside trıphosphate HPLC high performance liquid chromatography MP maximum parsimony PCR polymerase chain reaction RI retention Index RV Roger Vila TBR tree bisection reconnection TL tree length tRNA-leu leucine-transfer ribonucleic acid VD Vlad Dinca Material and methods Collecting. The field research was undertaken in the interval May 19th — June 8th of 2007 and covered various regions of Romania (Fig. |). Most of the collecting was made using insect nets, but in several cases we also looked for preimaginal stages. When considered necessary, we preserved material for DNA studies, in which case the insect body was kept in 100% ethanol vials, and the wings inside glassine envelopes as ref- erence. All samples are stored in RV lab’s DNA and Tissues Collection at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Several specimens of Carcharodus, Pyrgus, Pieris, Leptidea and Melitaea where iden- tified through genitalia examination. The systematics used follows that of the Catalogue of the Romanian Lepidoptera (Rakosy et al. 2003), with the exception of the misspelled genus name Plebeius Kluk, 1780 that we replaced with the correct Plebejus according to Balint et al. (2001). Specimen sequencing. Total genomic DNA was extracted using Chelex 100 resin, 100-200 mesh, sodium form (Biorad), following the protocol of Walsh, Metzger and Higuchi (1991). The following samples were extracted: Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Romania, Constanta County, Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007, RVcoll.07-D023 (collected as last instar larva); Z. polyxena, Romania, Buzau County, Dänciulesti, 20.v.2007, RVcoll.07-D396 (collected as last instar larva); Allancastria ce- risyi ferdinandi Stichel, 1907, Romania, Constanta County, Canaraua Fetei, 23.v.2007, RVcoll.07-D031 (collected as adult). A 650 bp fragment at the 5’ end of the mitochondrial gene cytocrome oxidase subu- nit I (COI) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primers LCO 1490 (5° -GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG-3’) (Folmer et al. 1994) and Nancy (5° -CCCGGTAAAATTAAAATATAAACTTC-3’) (Simon et al. 1994). Double-strand- ed DNA was amplified in 25 ul volume reactions: 17.65 pl ultra pure (HPLC quality) water, 2.5 ul 10X buffer, I ul 100mM MgCl, 0.25 ul 100 mM dNTP, 1.2 ul of each primer (10 mM) and 0.2 ul Tag DNA Polymerase (Bioron, GmbH). The typical thermal Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 5 Ukraine MARAMURES - SATU MARE MOLDAVIA MUNTENIA Bucharest © @ Studied locations © Capital city C2] Historical regions Danube Carpathian Mountains Bulgaria Fig. 1. Studied locations from May 19th to June 8th of 2007. Letters for each locality refer to those in Appendix 1. cycling profile, carried in a PTC-100 Peltier Thermal Cycler, was 95 °C for 60 seconds, 44 °C for 60 seconds and 72 °C for 90 seconds, for 35 cycles. PCR products were puri- fied and sequenced by Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, Korea). Sequence analysis. The sequences were edited and aligned using Sequencher 4.2 (Genecodes Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI) and MacClade 4.05 (Maddison & Maddison 1992). The fragments were of equal length and alignments unambiguous. Primer se- quences were cropped and missing data and ambiguities were designated by the letter “N”. All sequences were submitted to GenBank (codes EU667423 to EU667425). Available GenBank COI sequences overlapping with the fragment sequenced by us and belonging to Zerynthia (DQ351039, AF170870), Allancastria (AF170869, DQ351040 to DQ351043) and Buthanitis (DQ351036 to DQ351038) were included in our analysis. For details regarding these samples, refer to Nazari et al. (2007). The three Buthanitis taxa were selected as outgroup and as root for our analysis, based on the results of Nazari et al. (2007). The phylogenetic analyses of the DNA data was conducted in PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2001) under the maximum parsimony (MP) criterion. Heuristic searches were conducted for MP analysis with all characters equal- ly weighted and under the TBR swapping algorithm with 10000 random addition se- quences. The parsimony hypothesis was evaluated by bootstrap analysis (Felsenstein 1985) with 1000 pseudo replicates under the same parameters as the initial parsimony searches, except for using 1000 random addition sequences. 6 DincÀ & ViLA: On Romanian butterflies Results and discussion Zerynthia polyxena ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Fig. 2 Material. 5 terminal instar larvae, Romania, Constanta county, Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007. Although this species has been recorded from various localities distributed across Romania (Räkosy et al. 2003), only two very old records exist from Dobrogea (south-eastern Romania) (Mann 1866 -surroundings of Tulcea- and Fiebig 1927 —locality not specified). Therefore it was considered to be possibly extinct in this region (Rakosy & Wieser 2000). Moreover, Z. polyxena was never record- ed from the southern part of the province, which is relatively well studied from a lepidopterological point of view (Rakosy : ii oe & Székely 1996). 7 Fig. 2. Last instar larva of Z. polyxena on Aristolo- During the spring of 2007, we managed to chia clematitis at Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007. Photo . V Dinca. find several larvae in southern Dobrogea (Canaraua Fetei) (Fig. 2), which we ten- tatively attributed to Z. polyxena. The lar- vae were found feeding on Aristolochia clematitis L. (Aristolochiaceae) (which is well represented in the area) and were collected in order to be reared. A few days after col- lecting, one larva manifested signs of disease and therefore it was preserved in 100% ethanol. The others reached the stage of prepupa or pupa without problems and had to be transported by plane from Romania to the laboratory in Spain where the rearing process was to be continued. During the flight, the luggage containing the larvae was severely damaged and the recipient with the larvae was lost. The area of Canaraua Fetei is well known for being one of the few locations in Romania where A. cerisyi ferdinandi flies (Räkosy & Székely 1996), a species with quite variable larvae, sometimes fairly similar to Z. polyxena, which also uses A. clematitis as larval food plant. Furthermore, the lack of adult specimens might cast doubt on the record, especially in the eyes of some Romanian lepidopterists for whom the famous area of Canaraua Fetei is a “classical” place for A. cerisyi, but certainly not one for Z. polyx- ena. As a matter of fact, doubts on the veracity of our record were expressed by some colleagues who bred larvae of A. cerisyi from Canaraua Fetei and noticed that some are similar to those of Z. polyxena. Therefore, in order to confirm our record, we decided to use DNA-based methods as a tool for precise species identification. This was possible because of the larva preserved in ethanol (RVcoll.07-D023), for which a 650 bp COI mitochondrial fragment was sequenced and compared to those of a sympatric A. cerisyi Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 I ferdinandi (RVcoll.07-D031) and a Romanian specimen of Z. polyxena (RVcoll.07- D396) from one of the closest known populations (Buzäu county, Dänciulesti — about 150 km far). The putative Z. polyxena sample from Dobrogea presented an uncorrected “p” distance of only 0,15% (1 base-pair difference in a 650 bp fragment) compared to Z. polyxena from Dänciulesti. On the other hand, the distance with the sympatric A. ce- risyi ferdinandi was 6,92% (45 differences in 650 bp). Since a phylogenetic tree based on COI sequences that includes all the species of Allancastria and Zerynthia from the Palaearctic region exists in literature (Nazari et al. 2007), we included our sequenc- es in the COI dataset and reanalysed it with Maximum Parsimony. The resulting tree (Fig. 3) has the same topology as that of Nazarı et al. (2007). The Romanian A. cerisyi ferdinandi sample pairs with the other representative of the same species with good support. Both the Romanian Z. polyxena and the enigmatic Rvcoll.07-D023 sample form a strongly supported clade with Z. polyxena from Russia. These results confirm the identification of the larva from Canaraua Fetei as Z. polyxena and demonstrate the usefulness of our DNA-based approach within this group of taxa. This result represents the first record of Z. polyxena from southern Dobrogea, as well as its rediscovery in the entire province after 80 years. With the current data, it ıs virtually impossible to know whether the species has been surviving in south-western Dobrogea for a long time or if ıt has recently colonized the area. The possibility of a permanent population is in our opinion reasonable because: ° although old, previous records from Dobrogea do exist (Mann 1866, Fiebig 1927); ° its historical presence in Dobrogea would logically complete its distribution in Eastern Europe as ıt is mentioned as widespread from the Republic of Moldavıa and most of Ukraine (both bordering Romania in northern Dobrogea) (Tshikolovets 2003), as well as from Bulgaria where the nearest records to southern Dobrogea are located less than 70 km away (Abadjiev 2001); ¢ the larval food plant is well represented in parts of southern Dobrogea; ¢ Allancastria cerisyi and Z. polyxena sometimes fly in the same locations without excluding each other (e.g. Belasitsa and Skakavitsa in Bulgaria) (Abadjiev 2001). Canaraua Fetei is a protected area consisting mainly of xerophilous Quercus forest (0. cerris L., ©. pedunculiflora Koch) and clearings, plus several karstic areas which shelter a characteristic flora and fauna. Many of these taxa are of great conservation significance at national and European levels. Zerynthia polyxena is protected by law in Romania and is considered as endangered in the Romanian Red List for butterflies (Räkosy 2003). This adds a new taxon to the list of protected butterfly species known from Canaraua Fetei: Pyrgus sidae (Esper, 1784), A. cerisyi ferdinandi, Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, 1804), Apatura metis Freyer, 1829, Lycaena dispar rutila (Werneburg, 1864) and Pseudophilotes bavius egea (Herrich- Schäffer, 1852) (Räkosy & Székely 1996). During the field trip, we recorded two new populations of Z. polyxena in Muntenia (Valea Mare — Dambovita county, and Dänciulesti — Buzäu county) (Appendix 2), a 8 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies Bootstrap support Allancastria cerisyi AF170869 — 50 changes 98| | Allancastria cerisyi RVcoll.07-D031 gq | Allancastria caucasica DQ351042 100 Allancastria cretica DQ351041 Allancastria deyrollei DQ351043 Allancastria louristana DQ351040 se Zerynthia polyxena RVcoll.07-D023 100 lZerynthia polyxena RVcoll.07-D396 Zerynthia polyxena DQ351039 Zerynthia rumina AF170870 Bhutanitis lidderdali DQ351038 Bhutanitis thaidiana DQ351037 Bhutanitis mansfieldi DQ351036 Fig. 3. Maximum parsimony (MP) tree of Allancastria and Zerynthia, with Bhutanitis as outgroup, in- ferred from 2306 bp of COI+tRNA-leu+COII (only 650 bp of COI for the Romanian samples). One best tree, TL = 685, CI = 0.746 and RI = 0.715. In red, the sample collected in southern Dobrogea; in bold, samples from Romania used as comparison. Bootstrap values are shown above recovered branches. region from where the species has few and rather obsolete records (Niculescu 1961). These observations together with previous records from the Subcarpathian hills of Muntenia strongly suggest that Z. polyxena might be much more widespread than pre- viously suspected in this vast region of the country. The population from Danciulesti seems to be particularly vigorous as a rather fast inspection of the many Aristolochia present there allowed us to observe dozens of larvae on just a few square meters. The distribution of Z. polyxena is closely linked to the areas where A. clematitis oc- curs. This plant is fairly localized and it is often associated with neglected vineyards or abandoned agricultural fields which may be subject either to natural vegetation suc- cession (habitat closure) or to other economical uses (rehabilitation, construction, etc.). For example, at Danciulesti the plant is abundant, but restricted to a recently abandoned Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 9 agricultural field that ıs probably private property and might at any time be completely transformed for various purposes. At Calan and Valea Mare the plants occur just next to the main road (1-2 meters away) next to small ditches, while at Valea Calugareasca the adults were observed flying among the railways. All these areas experience high antropic pressures. On the other hand, the plant is generally considered as a weed and therefore people try to eliminate it. As a matter of fact, Z. polyxena has probably faced local extinctions (Székely 2005; Goia pers. comm.). Therefore, the status of protected species should not remain only a formality but should be effectively applied in order to preserve at least some of the most vigorous populations known to occur in the coun- try. Cupido (Everes) decolorata (Staudinger, 1886) Material. 10, Romania, Buzau county, Dänciulesti, 20.v.2007. While it has been recorded from several localities from the northern parts of the country, usually as rare and local (Rakosy & al. 2003; Dinca pers. obs.), C. decolorata is very poorly known from most of the southern regions of Romania, being recorded only from the extreme south of Dobrogea where it seems to be very scarce (Rakosy & Székely 1996). A few females were collected on Istrita Hill (Buzau county), but their habitus didn’t allow for a clear separation between C. decolorata and C. alcetas (Dinca 2006). In May 2007, we collected a male of this taxon in the Subcarpathian hills of Muntenia, very near to Istrita Hill. This represents the first certain record from Muntenia. Although not protected by law, C. decolorata is listed in the Red List of Romanian Butterflies (Räkosy 2003) as a vulnerable taxon. This species is probably threatened by various factors generally affecting the places where it occurs: overgrazing, overgrow- ing of open areas by bushes or trees, land burning. Yet, as is the case in other countries (BeneS et al. 2002), the information available on this species is very scarce, and ad- ditional data are needed in order to allow a finer assessment of its conservation status in Romania. Pseudophilotes bavius egea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Material. 10, Romania, Constanta county, Dumbraveni forest, 21.v.2007. On May 21th of 2007, we visited the area of Dumbräveni forest (Constanta county, southern Dobrogea). This is a protected area that, although fairly similar to other well known “butterfly hot spots” from southern Dobrogea (Canaraua Fetei, parts of Hagieni forest), has been relatively ignored by lepidopterists. In addition to other localized or protected taxa such as Apaustis rupicola (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), Carcharodus orientalis Reverdin, 1913, Spialia orbifer (Hiibner, 1823), Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758), Lycaena dispar rutila and L. thersamon (Esper, 1784), we collected a specimen of P. bavius egea. This taxon was recorded for the first time in southern Dobrogea by Székely (1994) who collected the species at Canaraua Fetei. Two years later Rakosy & Székely (1996) 10 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies added another locality for this taxon in southern Dobrogea (Sipote). Therefore, our ci- tation represents the third locality for this taxon in Romania. The populations occurring in southern Dobrogea were considered to belong to ssp. egea, previously known only from the Asian part of Turkey (Rakosy & Székely 1996; Jutzeler et al. 1997). In the Red List of Romanian Rhopalocera (Rakosy 2003), P. bavius egea is considered endangered, and it is protected in the country. Although it is possible that it is present at other localities from the same area, it is clearly a very local taxon associated to unal- tered steppic areas which in Dobrogea are highly threatened by grazing and agriculture. Further studies are urgently needed in order to improve the knowledge on its distribu- tion in Romania and to allow the identification of the best areas that should be correctly managed in order to assure its survival. Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) Fig. 4 Material. 19, Romania, Tulcea county, Babadag forest, 24.v.2007. On May 24 and 25 2007, we made day and night time lepidopterological collecting in the area of Babadag forest (Tulcea county, northern Dobrogea). Among several species that are considered to be rare and/or considerably local in Romania such as Pyrgus si- dae, Spialia orbifer, Carcharodus orientalis, etc., we collected one very fresh specimen of P. amandus (Fig. 4). Taking into consideration the literature data, this is the first record of P. amandus in Dobrogea in the last 78 years (Caradja 1929) and the first in Romania after a gap of al- most three decades (Balint 1980; Székely 1996, 2005). The specimen was collected in a a forest Sl with shrubs ang Que high (apparently lightly grazed) vegetation. i , It is interesting that the first record of P. amandus from Dobrogea comes from the surroundings of Ciucurova (Mann 1866), an area situated about 20 km west of Babadag. In fact, ana- lyzing the vegetation map of the re- gion, it becomes obvious that the two localities are linked by habitats that are similar to the ones from Babadag. Polyommatus amandus is one of the least known species in Romania. The overall distribution of this species cov- ers relatively uniformly the country’s territory, but usually with large gaps among localities (Fig. 5) and with very few records per site. Interestingly, the species is reported as widespread in several countries bordering Romania Fig. 4. Polyommatus amandus, Babadag forest (Tulcea ' : county), 24.v.2007. Photo V. Dinca. such as Ukraine, Republic of Molda- Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 11 Historical region border Danube = Carpathian Mountains Fig. 5. Records of P. amandus from Romania. Grey dots = collected before 1900 (Fuss 1850, Mann 1866, Czekelius 1898); Black-and-grey dots = collected between 1900-1980 (Caradja 1929, Popescu-Gorj 1964, König 1975, Nadolschi & Sugar 1975, Balint 1980, Rakosy 1988, Burnaz 1993, Stänescu 1995, Székely 1996, Räkosy 2002); Black dot = collected after 1980 (this paper); Question mark = doubtful record (Rebel 1911). via (Tshikolovets 2003), and Bulgaria (Abadjiev 2001). Moreover, some of the popula- tions previously reported in the literature seem to have gone extinct due to unknown causes (Székely 2005, Goia & Dinca 2008). One of the most suggestive examples is represented by the population from Fânatele Clujului (Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania), where the species was fairly common more than seven decades ago. The species seems to have totally disappeared from the area, although it was flying inside a protected area that has suffered little antropic impact and still today is very rich in butterflies, shelter- ing almost 100 species on a few hectares (Goia & Dinca 2008). In the Red List of Romanian Rhopalocera (Räkosy 2003), P. amandus is listed as an endangered species, with populations ranging from data deficient to endangered at a regional scale. Further research is strongly needed in order to clarify its distribution, to assess its habitat preferences, and to find explanations for its rarity and decline. As the species is protected by law in Romania and Babadag forest is a protected area, there is a good justification for directed studies that should aim at studying and safeguarding this probable population. 12 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies Lycaena dispar rutila (Werneburg, 1864) During less than three weeks, we observed this taxon at 13 localities (Appendix 2). Lycaena dispar rutila has numerous literature citations from all over the country and it is probably the most widespread butterfly present in the Habitats Directive in Romania. However, large populations surviving in optimal habitats are considerably rare and many of the citations for this taxon refer to rather modest populations occurring in small areas. It may often be found in humid spots such as tiny flooded patches near streams, small humid depressions and ditches. Due to the fragility of many of its cur- rent habitats, L. dispar rutila is correctly considered as vulnerable in the Red List of Romanian Rhopalocera (Rakosy 2003). Nymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, 1781) Material. 10, Romania, Brasov county, Dumbrava Vadului, 6.vi.2007 (ex. larva). We found this species in the botanical reserve of Dumbrava Vadului (Brasov county, Transylvania). Another larva was observed pupating in the same place. This species has a poorly understood distribution in Romania, where it is consid- ered as critically endangered (Rakosy 2003). Although it prefers the same habitats as N. polychloros, it seems to be rarer and more local than the former. Nymphalis xan- thomelas could have often remained unnoticed due to its similarity with N. polychloros. Nevertheless, other than local apparent regression (König 1972) or probable population fluctuations (Goia & Dinca 2008), another possible explanation for its rarity could be offered by its occasional migratory behaviour (Tolman & Lewington 1997; Benes et al. 2002) and by its presence close to the western range limit. Given the precarious state of knowledge regarding this taxon, we would consider it as data deficient rather than critically endangered. A considerable number of taxa of national or European interest were previously re- corded from the botanical reserve of Dumbrava Vadului (IUCN category IV) (Székely & al. 2000): Lycaena helle (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), L. dispar rutila, Maculinea teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779), M. alcon ([Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775), Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775), and Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771). According to the previously published data (Székely & al. 2000) and to our personal observations, the L. helle population in this area is probably the largest known in Romania. For these reasons, we reaffirm the proposal made by Székely & al. (2000) that the reserve of Dumbrava Vadului should extend its status to a botanical and zoological one, which would facilitate the implementation of an effective management plan that would ensure the survival of the protected species mentioned above. The main disturbing factor that could severely affect the butterfly communities in the area is represented by natural vegetation successions leading to habitat closure by shrubs and trees. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 13 Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 Material. 10, Romania, Dobrogea, Constanta County, Canaraua Fetei, 22.v.2007. Although it has been previously recorded form the area of Canaraua Fetei (Räkosy & Szekely 1996), the species was considered univoltine in southern Dobrogea, being recorded exclusively between June 25th and July 14th. Although definitive conclusions cannot be drawn based on a single specimen, the collecting date suggests that the spe- cies has probably two broods in southern Dobrogea, sımilarly to the populations along the Danube and in the Danube Delta. The species is protected and listed as vulnerable at the national scale in the Red List of Romanian Rhopalocera (Räkosy 2003). Although mainly restricted to areas along the Danube, the species should be safe within the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. Nevertheless, some of the populations still occurring along the Danube’s shores might face extinction due to the various types of human activities related to navigation and the improvement of the banks. Other taxa During May 19-June 8 of 2007, we visited 29 Romanian locations and identified 105 butterfly taxa, meaning more than 55% of the country’s fauna. Three species, namely Pyrgus armoricanus (Oberthür, 1910), Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761) and Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775) are recorded for the first time from Oltenia. These species are probably fairly widespread and abundant in this region; such a lack of data stands as a proof for the great necessity of Lepidoptera studies in many parts of southern Romania (especially Oltenia). This region, although generally not targeted by autochthonous lep- idopterists, may shelter populations of local, rare or endangered species that need to be studied. For Carcharodus orientalis, currently known in Romania only from Dobrogea and the Danube Delta (Rakosy & Varga 2001), two new localities are reported from the same region (Babadag and Dumbraveni forests). Both records are based on male genitalia examination, which is the only reliable method for distinguishing between these two taxa. The exact distributions of C. orientalis and C. floccifera (Zeller, 1847) in Romania still remain very poorly known due to their external similarity. Besides the species we paid special attention to in this paper, it is worth mentioning several other taxa recorded on this trip (see appendix 2) that are fairly localized in Romania, and/or are of European interest: Muschampia cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841), Pyrgus sidae, Allancastria cerisyi ferdinandi, Parnassius mnemosyne, Euchloe auso- nia, Colias chrysotheme (Esper, 1781), Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758), Plebejus sephirus Frivaldsky, 1835, Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775), Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775), and Kirinia roxelana (Cramer, 1777). Most of these species can survive only in good quality habitats and stand as proof of the (still) high degree of 14 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies preservation of the biodiversity of many areas of Romania. Nevertheless, the future of the Romanian “biodiversity hotspots” is now on the edge as the country joined the European Union and has the possibility to make vital socio-economical choices that might have profound effects on its natural capital. An analysis of such potential effects on Lepidoptera is provided by Schmitt & Rakosy (2007) and for various taxa groups by Cremene et al. (2005) and Baur et al. (2006). Conclusions e Butterfly DNA-based identification was used in order to provide precise species identification based on larval stages. This technique proved to be excellent for the taxa studied. The case provides an example of how classical identification methods may be effectively combined with molecular techniques. ¢ Distributional data is improved for 105 butterfly taxa, given the fact that many re- gions from Romania are still poorly studied from a lepidopterological point of view and local information regarding many taxa is either obsolete or needs reconfirma- tion. ¢ Polyommatus amandus is recorded for the first time in Romania in the last 28 years and in Dobrogea after 78 years. The decline suffered by this species in Romania remains without a clear explanation. | ¢ Zerynthia polyxena is recorded for the first time from southern Dobrogea. This record also represents the rediscovery of the species in the whole province after 80 years. ¢ A new locality for Pseudophilotes bavius egea in southern Dobrogea is reported. This is the third known locality for this taxon in Romania. + Three species (Pyrgus armoricanus, Thymelicus sylvestris, Cupido minimus) are recorded for the first time from Oltenia and one (Cupido decolorata) from Muntenia. ¢ Based on the collection of one specimen of Apatura metis in southern Dobrogea in May, the existence of two broods in this region is considered to be probable. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Marin Goia, Laszl6 Rakosy and Rod Eastwood for their help regarding some of the necessary bibliography. We are grateful to Lloreng Saez for host plant determinations and to Zsolt Balint and Sylvain Cuvelier for comments on the manuscript. Support for this research was provided by a Spanish Ministry grant to RV (CGL2007-60516/BOS) and a PhD student fellowship from Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona to VD. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 15 References Abadjiev, S. P. 2001. An Atlas of the Distribution of the Butterflies in Bulgaria. — Pensoft, Sofia. 335 pp. Als, T. D., R. 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Catalogul Lepidopterelor Romäniei / Verzeichnis der Schmetter- linge Rumäniens. — Societatea Lepidopterologica Romana, Cluj-Napoca. 446 pp. Rebel, H. 1911. Die Lepidopterenfauna von Herkulesbad und Orsova. Eine zoogeographische Studie. — Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Wien 25: 17-430. Schmitt, T. & L. Rakosy 2007. Changes of traditional agrarian landscapes and their conservation impli- cations: a case study of butterflies in Romania. — Diversity and Distributions 13: 855-862. Simon, C., Frati, F, Beckebach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H., Flook, P. 1994. Evolution, weighting, and phy- logenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. — Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 651-701. Stanescu, M. 1995. The catalogue of “Ludovic Beregszaszy” lepidopteran collection (Insecta: Lepido- ptera). — Travaux du Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle „Grigore Antipa” Bucuresti 35: 221-346. Swofford, D. L. 2001. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), version 4.0b10. — Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts. Székely, L. 1994. Des nouveautés concernant la faune de lépidoptères de sud-ouest de la Doubroudja. — Sargetia, Series Scientia Naturae. Deva 14: 139-144. Székely, L. 1996. Lepidopterele (Fluturii) din sud-estul Transilvaniei (Romänia). — Disz. Tipo, Säcele. 78 pp. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 a Székely, L. 2005. Noutati lepidopterologice din sud-estul Transilvaniei (judetul Brasov, Romania). — Buletin Informare Entomologica 14-15 (2003-2004): 41-56 Székely, L., Kocs, I., Szab6, G., Stanciu, S. 2000. Rezultatele taberei entomologice S.L.R. (8-12. VI. 2000) de la “Poienile cu narcise - Dumbrava Vadului” (sercaia, jud. Brasov). — Buletin informare So- cietatea Lepidopterologica Romana 11 (1-4): 63-79. Tolman, T. & R. Lewington 1997. Field Guide of the Butterflies of Britain and Europe. — Collins, Lon- don. 320 pp., 104 pls. Tshikolovets, V. V. 2003. Butterflies of Eastern Europe, Urals and Caucasus. — Kyiv-Brno. 176 pp., 47 pls. Walsh, P. S., Metzger, D. A., Higuchi, R. 1991. Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing form forensic material. — Biotechnics 10: 506-510. 18 DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies Appendices Appendix 1. Localities visited during May 19 — June 8 of 2007 (the symbols refer to the localities in Fig. 1 and Appendix 2). Alt. (m) Symbol 19. v. 2007 A 20. v. 2007 21. v. 2007 Ku 21. v. 2007 22. v. 2007 23. v. 2007 24. v. 2007 24. v. 2007 25. v. 2007 25. v. 2007 25. v. 2007 26. v. 2007 340-730 27. v. 2007 27. v. 2007 28. v. 2007 28. v. 2007 29. v. 2007 30. v. 2007 O1. vi. 2007 O1. vi. 2007 03. vi. 2007 04. vi. 2007 04. vi. 2007 05. vi. 2007 05. vi. 2007 06. vi. 2007 06. vi. 2007 07. vi. 2007 07. vi. 2007 07. vi. 2007 07. vi. 2007 08. vi. 2007 08. vi. 2007 C S T T 19 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 UODY2DU 0171404 Sn1417Dp0d sopıj>21yd] LAOUSDM OUKSOWOUW SNISSDUADT 1pupunpaaf 14S1499 DIAISDIUD]]Y puaxdjod piıyyukı1az 3epruordeg snunv{ snipuaa S2PO]Y20 SIAJSAAJAS SNOOUY J uowuanjpd snjpydad0saJ ADD SNUDIIAOULAD SNBAKY opajpuı SNBAK 19/1940 pıypıds S1JDJU2110 SNPOADYIAD) DAAPIIIO SNPOADYIAD IDIIID SNPOADY IAD) D EE À BE 3 EC EEE ERNEST eee RER Sora >lalelzlalximlalalelsielölalolnininiafelriejsialajalsleiv ‘SUIBJUNOJA] ULV] SUIPNJOUI ‘2980140 [fe ur Juasaıd ST 1u1110J2p Sısuasjoa “TY UOXEI JY} JEU) SISPISUO9 OUM ‘(6661) ASOYRY SUIMOTION (+) ‘(TOOT BSIVA 2 Asoyey) 9/81 ‘INUH9QO PuoJal DoIund Dapıa JO UONNALNSIP uerueWoy JUSIOUOP ejep PUL UONVOYNUSP! OSU JINOUJIP Sy} JO 9Snv99q ‘oye] nsuas agaoyd Dana (¢) (FOOT "Te 12 SIV '3°2) sOIPNIS JU9991 JeI9A9S UO paseQ ‘(172994 Zurpnjaur) OJE] NSU9S UO9JD DAUIJNIDIA (7) :01040]099P ‘ID 10 SPJ29]P ‘7 0) JOY I USISSE A[IVITO 0) AMOUJIP SI pue [PU] e SI UdWTDAdS p2J991[09 SL (T) ‘SOON 'saınye>F jest3ojoyd.ıour Insougemp 9[quI[OI YOR] P9AJOAUT BX} DY} 981899 IO P2J99]]09 JOU SEM [eLsyew OU} asne9ag JOYITA ‘ofgıssod J0U sem UONEIYNUSPI [aAo]-Sardads ‘s9seI9 MOJ e u] ‘(I xIpuoddy ur posn souo ay} 0} puodsa1109 sp0qwAs Aıfe9o]) LOOT WR suns - WI] ACJ ZuLinp P>P10991 satoads ay) Jo IsIı[JP2yYJ 'z xıpuaddy spoqwAs ÂJIU90/T/UOXEL DincA & VILA: On Romanian butterflies 20 Ce °EpH91d SJOQUIÂS AJI[UD0/T/UOXEL ıqnı skıydo]]DJ UOWDSA9Y] DU9DIKT uoA4ydıaıp DU2DIÛT SNA] DUIDIAT IDIANDSALA PUIDIÛT pn 4ADdS1p DUADIKT 21124 DUADIAT SD2D]yd DU2D2À7 DUION] SIADIWDE] HUUDU S11214 IDIISSDAG SILA 18 aDJDAI DI10dY DIIAND] DIUOSND 30]y9N7 SIUNUDPADI SLADYIOYIUY yvad/Sidpuis vapiydaT sidpuis vapydaT ‘UONENUQUO) “7 xIpueddy 21 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 Sn81D]12qQ SNIDWWOKJOT SNADII SNIDWWOKJOT SIJISAIY] SNIDUWOKAJOG SHPUDUD sSNIDWWOAJOT SUS28D DIDIUY UOWOUSOIXSAD/SDp1 snlaga]d snsav snlagajd snsiydas sn[2g2]d (Z) U02]7D DAUINODN UO11D DOUIJNODIN] SIX2]D ayaksdoonv]y DUDIAD] UO110 SAPIUYINOIS Dasa sniang sajojiydopnasq dajjanusaffiyos sajojiydopnas g SN]0184D DUIAISD]97) (T) P1ID10]099p / SD129]D (5941947) Opidng D1D401093P (59419477) Opidny S2PD181D (521947) opıdnJ snunmunu opidny 9D19D9D WUNAKIDS S191]1 WNUUDS CCE SENS eee Beas fale] zjalx|mjafals|s|alolalo[N[w/1 ‘uoTyeNUUOD *7 xIpueddy & ViLA: On Romanian butterflies A Dinc 22 DUIUDIP D9D]1]2]JN DIA14] DADINAW (€) aqaoyd Donna DIXU19 DIDI DiuianD spAıpkydn SDJ2WOYJIUDX S1DY UN S010jy240d s1DyduKN DUDA2] DIUYISDAY wungjp-3 DIU08(104 ODINAN SIDJSW 1NpADI DSSOUDA DIUD]DID DSSAUDA DIP (DUDISSO])) DIAO]Og auajas (DUDISSO])) D1A0]0g BE Ed BE EA EN ECCP A D i RER TRS ESS Me SR Reese ee ee ee HAE ee RSR SR SES RSR EINE RE REBERNBERZEZEREBER SRE SRE RE EE ER En eee es RT BA EA PE A A A a a De EI ER SR RS RE LE addipp siuudsuy audsoiydna (puvissoj])) P110109 DID]8D siuudsiy pıopupd siuuasiy Os EEE En er ee Da a a a RAR eee se >lalejzlalx/afalalz]sialölaloiniwiniairlıinlslajalalojelv| EI NOTE -UONENUNUOT ‘7 Xıpuaddy 25 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 3-23 D EE A A A EE Dre D EE EEE PRE PE PR RS ES Dana D9YID]DS DIBADUDIAW paposd psnpau DIgaA7 punAınl DJOIUDIN snnydıupd pydukuou20 UO14994]8 DydWuKuUOU207) DIUDI1D DYydWKUOU20°) DA9DW DJDUWOISDT DA1989W DIDUWOISDT $1041] DIAIBID 981P4D4 DUD]2X04 DIULALY Oo D 2 PE a EE EL A A RE EN en DE Pe] a EU OR CE PS EE 2 EN DES RS EE RE D TEE HR en EE PS En ER BETEN a ee a ee ees CA PIafe/z/ATxXIMIA A LS [ao la o[NIN/1]a/f[1[H/9[a/alalolalv Siesta AOTC ‘uonenuluos ‘z xipueddy 24 Book reviev Günter Ebert (Hrsg.) 2005. Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Würtembergs, Band 10: Ergänzungs- band. — Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart. — 426 pp., 83 colour photos, 46 black & white photos, 7 maps, 6 graphs. — Hardcover, ISBN 3-8001-4383-6. 49.90 €. (in German). The series „Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Würtembergs“, started in 1991, has been completed. The 10th volume of this remarkable edition is devoted to final information and addition to all previous volumes. It is an explanation for unusual book format, consisting from some separate parts each one is a proper small investigation. List of corrections (also for print mistakes) and additions to previous parts with new data on hostplants, hibernation strategy, new species records, phenology, myrmecophily etc. are given. Eupithecia conterminata (Geometridae) is newly found in Baden-Würtemberg since 1957; new observations on Parnassius mnemosyne in Schwäbischen Alb are summarized and the distribu- tion of Leptidea reali which is recently separated from phenotypically similar L. sinapis is discussed. Further additional information is given for Limenitis populi, Fabriciana niobe, Brenthis daphne, Pyrgus ssp., Eilema lutarella, Spiris striata, Dysgonia algyra and Nycteola degenerana. Typhonia beatricis Hättenschwiller, 2000 (Psychidae), and Platypterigea kadenii (Noctuidae) are listed as new for the Baden-Würtemberg as well Platypterigea ingrata (Staudinger, 1897) as new for Germany. A list of moths’ German names is corrected and added for some species from different families and recently published references are summarized here. Special attention is devoted to threatened species of Baden-Würtemberg and a new Red List of Lepidoptera is provided for Baden-Würtemberg. Special part of the book deals with a history of lepidopterological and faunistical investigations in Baden- Württemberg. The part is separated chronologically and richly illustrated with photos and citations from diaries of investigators and old manuscripts. The text part of the book finishes with a voluminous table of habitats continuing the same table already started for Rhopalocera and Heterocera (1 vol- ume) and supplied with a long list (almost 90 pages) of host-plants known for the Lepidoptera from the region under consideration. The book is finished with small entomologic-ecological glossary, an index for species and terms used in volume 10, and an complete index for species and genera treated in volumes 1 to 10. As other parts of the series, the book is finely illustrated with 83 colour and 46 black-and-white fotos, 7 distributional maps and 6 graphics, and published on high polygraphic level. The book will surely excellently blend with the row of the previous issues of “Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Würtembergs”. It can be recommended also for all persons interested in ecology and in history of zoological investigations and should be a good example of issue finely embodiment of interweav- ing between scientific and popular knowledge in studying of our environment. It is really a pity that continuation of the series dealing with Microlepidoptera of the region is not planned. Books of such a standard shall be written and published more frequently. VADIM V. ZOLOTUHIN Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 25 Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Zygaenidae). Part VIII: Bionomics of high-moun- tain species in the Alborz Mountains and adjacent areas (intro- duction; Z. speciosa, Z. cacuminum) AXEL HOFMANN & TABASSOM KIA-HOFMANN Verenenweg 4, 79206 Breisach-Hochstetten, Germany; e-mail: hofmann @abl-freiburg.de Abstract. This is the first of three articles on the burnet moths (Zygaena Fabricius, 1775) of the oreal biome in northern Iran. The species of the northern mountain ranges inhabit biotopes in the cushion zone around and above the tree line between 2,650 m and 4,000 m above sea level. Four species are endemic to the Alborz (Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937, Z. cacuminum Christoph, 1877, Z. ecki Christoph, 1882) and adjacent areas in Azerbaijan (Z. christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967). Populations of a more widely distributed species — Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) — also occur in the same vertical zone. However, these populations are separated from those of lower regions by a gap of nearly 500 m. Moreover, they possess very characteristic phenotypic and biological adaptations and are well distinguishable. For the first time, Zygaena speciosa is recorded from regions outside of the Alam-Kuh area (type locality), 1.e. in four locali- ties located in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Tehran. Data on the bionomics of Z. speciosa are provided for the first time; all preimaginal stages are figured. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, cocoons and half and fully grown larvae were found at Kuh-e Tochal (north of Tehran) at an altitude of 3,400-3,700 m. The larvae feed on Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden, a white-flowered Apiaceae. The results of an ab ovo culture (2005-2007) are presented. In 2006, two new and well-distinguished populations were found on Kuh-e Samamus (near Ramsar) and on a pass named Gardeneh-ye Tondrokosch (Tonekabon S). Moths and larvae of the more eastern populations are significantly different from those occurring further west. Larvae at Kuh-e Samamus feed on three distinct Apiaceae (Trachydium eriocarpum Born. & Gauba, T. depressum (Bois.) Bois. and a further, undetermined species that probably belongs either to the genus Peucedanum or to Semenovia). Smaller larvae that were collected in the wild (on Kuh-e Tochal and on Kuh-e Samamus) and all larvae from this ab ovo culture over-wintered for a second time. Presumably this is not an artefact but a general strategy of this high-mountain species. Hitherto, the closely related Zygaena cacuminum was known only from its type locality, but in 2005 it was discovered at two sites on Kuh-e Shahvar, around 25 km as the crow flies from the Kuh-e Gawkoshan in the Shahkuh range. Zusammenfassung. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 im Iran (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). Part VIII: Bionomie der Hochgebirgsarten des Elbursgebirges und anschlieBender Regionen (Einführung; Z. speciosa, Z. cacuminum). — Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt sich um den ersten von drei geplanten Artikeln tiber die Rotzygaenenarten (Zygaena Fabricius, 1775) des orealen Lebensraums im Nordiran. Die nördlichen Hochgebirgsarten besiedeln Lebensräume der Dornpolsterstufe im Bereich der oberen Baumgrenze und höher zwischen 2.650 m und 4.000 m Höhe. Vier Hochgebirgsarten sind Endemismen des Elbursgebirges (Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937, Z. cacuminum Christoph, 1877, Z. ecki Christoph, 1882) und der anschließenden Regionen Azarbaidjans (Z. christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967). Die weiter verbreitete Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) kommt in der gleichen Höhenstufe vor. Diese Vorkommen sind von carmiolica-Populationen tieferer Lagen durch eine Lücke von fast 500 Höhenmetern getrennt. Auffällige habituelle und präimaginalbiologische Unterschiede sind gut entwickelt. Zygaena speciosa wird erstmals außerhalb ihrer Typenlokalität im Alam-Kuh-Gebiet gemeldet. Inzwischen konn- te die Art an fünf Fundstellen in den Provinzen Gilan, Mazandaran und Teheran nachgewiesen werden. Die Biologie von Z. speciosa wird erstmals beschrieben, alle präimaginalbiologischen Stadien werden abgebildet. Raupen und Kokons konnten 2005, 2006 und 2007 nördlich Teheran am Kuh-e Tochal zwi- schen 3.400 und 3.700 m Höhe gefunden werden. Die Raupen leben hier an der Apiaceae Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. Die Ergebnisse einer ab-ovo-Zucht (2005-2007) werden vorgestellt. 2006 wurden zwei weitere, wohldifferenzierte Populationen am Kuh-e Samamus bei Ramsar und am Gardaneh- ye Tondrokosch (südlich Tonekabon) gefunden. Falter und Raupen sind von den östlichen Populationen deutlich verschieden. Interssanterweise sind die Raupen der östlichen Vorkommen, deren Falter stark me- lanistisch sind (Alam-Kuh, Kuh-e Tochal, Dizin-Shemshak) weniger stark verdunkelt, als die Raupen der westlichen Populationen, deren Variabilität im Imaginalphenotyp keine verdunkelten Hinterflügel beinhaltet. Die Raupen am Kuh-e Samamus leben an drei verschiedenen Apiaceae-Arten (Trachydium eriocarpum Born. & Gauba, T. depressum (Boiss.) Boiss.) und einer weiteren, nicht näher bestimmbaren Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536 26 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran Apiaceae (wahrscheinlich Peucedanum sp. oder Semenovia sp.). Im Freiland gefundene kleine Raupen (sowohl vom Kuh-e Tochal als auch vom Kuh-e Samamus) sowie alle Raupen der ab-ovo-Zucht überwin- terten ein zweites Mal. Es wird vermutet, daß dies eine generelle Strategie dieser Hochgebirgsart darstellt. Zygaena cacuminum, bislang nur von der Typenlokalität bekannt, wird erstmals vom Kuh-e Shavar, einem Gebirgsstock ca. 25 km Luftlinie vom Shahkuh entfernt, gemeldet. 5,5 » ul AllüsZygaena Fabricius, 1775 cle 458 als Zus) Gleb! „ia Crau (805 2! si aul) Cul Da radis) yl saad Ghlic 5 za Gels „SWuZygaena cacuminum Christoph, 1877, Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 19374003 "WS 5" cla oy ii alls Ci »Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 434 & ‚I 5 Gas a) 50 il 5a dB nl à 52 Su 52650 oy Yu à GS jo Cty) BS a sae ZI IS A os Aübie jo Gi nl clad cotes Sail) clea sig ja 48 la 44,8 cal DM pa ats Saal Gab) 3 3 all cs bie pole 448 yl IL Slee aie CE; L jo chews 5l ie 4000Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937 «Z. cacuminum Christoph, 1877 ‚Z. ecki Christoph, 1882 52 „Ja Gblis 35 « OL IZ. christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967 .Z. carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) u çs sabi ja 48 sl op Qu « lehren Cul Save Aula) (ee Jub on juli clgSuaatl 48 iS go 805) Lys a ZIELE Clan 3 use Clan pa ca ja juil cleimes plu 5! adi ye lis SZ. carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) gli) 5s Lees Ss «gläijl bi I 35 5 Calan ad Joss el OLS CR os GLb 5 a pid lue ged cop! pose ate (tink fe 500 a yas Cl an) Gis JL Gals! ol y Allee Gal ja lei a pee Z. speciosa Reiss, 1937 ale eu) Ci) heal is AMIS Out 5 jé ae 3 2.20 8 GES ji Ole) 9 On jle «DUS lei ja aa cs Abadi is ZI 4598 Cul cla Ab ged Gare ya a gd Ge US IS (0 8 JS a si où u Lb gs po Sle Wh! Lau!Z. speciosa Reiss, 1937 eps o yy Qu Cpl CSS Jal ys pled zahl OL Gals! lL» 3700 LA 3400 ¢ 185) 59 Ole dei 53 le gio 2 all 5 Alb aap 9 9Y aly 6 2007 3 2006 «2005 (slgllu 52 22 Sis LS 5) la 5 Y a4 lan ss MASemenovia tragioides (Boiss.), Manden S. 48 Apiaceae „iss 425 Cou! au GIS Li e 2006 Shs 99 355 Ge US) laut 59 (a 2007 GN 2005 len) 255 ç5 ala ya jo ed Gal AL I Dis alti N 9 Ah gg Bi lag (OR Ga gia 59) LAS 5 paid AS 5 (July Sd i) Un gala 0S pa ile "DUIS ata Amen 3 iii (5 45S du 1 Cw galas o 3S cla y Y ait glia dh cla Guzen jlo gay la Cures (yl Apiaceae :aiiS „eo aed Trachydium eriocarpum Born. & Gauba «T. depressum (Boiss.), Boiss. Sa 5 « Apiaceae «Lit Ji pe “5 448 "YLaslPeucedanum sp. LSemenovia sp, lan (os gala 5 le si clea s§ 52) Genk 52 48 Sa Gla V 4a. Cs) AS au ) Ge Bai Ay alld) lien) Gil gd à Ju 30 Aad call AHL Gh sy AAT cs Ala yo ZI file j] ps 48 algil de 3 aad „al adi je ghettos 9S Sa 5 448 Cul slo AS 6 Sil jiu ARL 09 gui GSE} oa Introduction to the series The series “Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, in Iran” began in 2000 in Linneana Belgica, in which seven parts were published. With the tragic death of its editor, Ronny Leestmans (26. vii. 1942—8.x11.2006), the journal ceased to be published. We dedicate the present article to him in memory and recognition of all his support and help during that time. Fortunately the editorial committee of Nota lepidopterologica kindly offered to continue the series in an equivalent presentation. Short summary of the first seven parts will help the reader to get acquainted with the work accomplished so far. Part 1 (Hofmann 2000a). This is a general chapter presenting the entomological ex- ploration of the fauna of Iran and the development of our knowledge on the indigenous Zygaena species. A check-list with distribution based on provinces is provided. The sys- tematic part begins with Z. seitzi, Z. nocturna, and Z. manlia. New records are provided for Fars, Boyer Ahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, Markazi, Kuh-e Sorkh, Birjand and the mountains south-west of Kashan. The biology of all three species is described. Based on intensive fieldwork, the nocturnal activity of Z. nocturna is confirmed and its relationship to Z. seitzi is discussed. A new subspecies of Z. manlia (ssp. piti) is described from the provinces of Hamadan and Lorestan. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 27 Part 2 (Hofmann 2000b) discusses populations hitherto referred to Z. rubricollis. New locality records are given for Yazd, Hamadan, Kerman, and Fars. The biology of Z. rubricollis kermanensis — to be transferred in a forthcoming article as a subspecies of Z. gashgai — is described. The most melanistic Zygaena population is described as Z. rubricollis ginnereissi. Today the status of this taxon 1s under discussion as a valid species (Keil 2003c). Part 3 (Hofmann 20000) discusses the distribution and zoogeography of Z. haematina. Its biology is also described and figured. With J. Klir as co-author, a new subspecies is named from Lorestan (ssp. lorestanensis). Part 4 (Hofmann (2000d) provides the descriptions of two new subspecies of Z. haematina from Darreh Kamaran (ssp. aurora) and from the isolated mountain range of Kuhha-ye Quorud (ssp. fusca), the latter having been raised to species level by Keil (2003a, 2003d) and Efetov (2004: 40) (without any explanations). The complete biology of Z. cacuminum is also described and figured. Part 5 (Hofmann & Tremewan 2001) deals with the polymorphism of Z. tamara and its distribution, for which new records are given for several provinces. Its biology is also described and figured. Part 6 (Hofmann & Tremewan 2003) raises or reinstates Zygaena nocturna, Z. aisha, and Z. fredi as well-defined biospecies. The behaviour of the nocturnal Z. nocturna is treated and compared with that of Z. seitzi, which is strictly diurnal. A new subspecies of Z. nocturna is described from the vicinity of Eqlid (Esfahan) and its biology is also described and figured (ssp. meinekei). Zygaena aisha with predominant nocturnal activity and a very significant larval phenotype is distinguished as a distinct biospecies from Z. manlia. From the vicinity of Semirom, Z. fredi syntopica and the dichromatic Z. rubricollis tenhageni are described. The complete biology of the latter is described and figured. Part 7 (Hofmann & Tremewan 2005) treats the Zygaena fauna of the highest moun- tain in the Zagros range — the Zarde Kuh. In addition to new distribution records for Z. seitzi and Z. cambysea, anew biospecies is described from this region (Z. bakhtiyari). From the nearby Kamaran valley a unique subspecies of Z. cambysea with red, orange, and yellow phenotypes is described (ssp. kamarana). The high-mountain endemics The Zygaena fauna of Iran is characterised by a high percentage of species that occur exclusively in the Alborz or Zagros mountains or in adjacent areas (Tab. 1). Four Zygaena species are endemic to the northern mountain ranges south of the Caspian Sea, between Azerbaijan and the eastern Alborz. While Zygaena speciosa Reiss, Z. cacuminum Christoph, and Z. ecki Christoph, are known only from the Alborz range, Z. christa Reiss & Schulte, is restricted to Azerbaijan in the neighbourhood of Dugijan (NE Marand). All four species are restricted to high-mountain areas above Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran HOFMANN & KIA 28 a BEE BEE DEZE DYSID ‘7 UIOYINOS sosuvl UIPJUNOU SUIISUDA] "UADI ‘7 ISoGE — .OS09E av | toe wpsre | W,000-0L7'€ ueds p10991 Jsaysıy {SOUS 0} SILIOPUA -OIEIIAV saioads [P9DI9A pue JS2MOT jo Joquinyy ‘(MANN ZugeL) yseq sfuez uey[ng UO 9007 Ul P219A0O9SIp sem 9d0J01q puodeas AL , ‘JUNO99E OUT UdYeI 18 satoads sry} Jo suonepndod ureyunow-ysty JOUNSTP AIOA 9} AJUO , ‘OUOZ SWS DY} UTYIIA JIB STIQE] Ay) UO PoUOTUSU sapnınfe AU] {S10]99[[09 JayIO Aq PAPIOIOI eYep 9[QUI[OI YIM SONIeIO] OU MI] E WO suswrJ9ads 918 SIL ç “(QEGT SSIOY) DINIwII IT] OY} WOLF ST PIODOI JSOYZIy yy, , uoneargnd aeredos e ur paysıpqnd aq [JIM UOXe} MOU B PUL SPIOIAI MIU SY. "SAIS JO sıaquınu ou} Aq POPIAIP pue PdJUNOD SEM ULI 9JBUIS AIDAD ‘28D194D UE SUTUTLIGO UT ‘JUNO99E OJUI USP) SI LU (CGT JO ueau INawyNLIE dy} “UU 000°E-006°7 se P9JI9 SEM IS B UOUM '3°9 ‘SEP JUO SB AIOU PAJUNO9 SI PAOIOI AIOAT - ‘9[QUIJOIUN JO J99LIOOUI ‘PAJEUISA UdJJO AIM IO VOIE UL ISIL] OO} 1OJ UIATS UdIJO BIA SIPMMTE SU] SOW JOULIOF UT SE JUNOIIE OJUI USE) IE SPIO99I Jeuosıod ATUGC , *S91UIS urew [eurpnynfe pur [POIS0[099 Jo} Sunesipur ‘oouvieodde eurpnynfe ray) JO 988I9A DY} 0) SUIPI0998 POISI] oie So19ods poynqiysip Ajay Nos pue ALIOYMION — ‘uvIT JO so1oods puaD8AZ ureJunour-ysty sy) JO UONNQLNSIP Jeurpmmvy ‘I 'qgeL UIOUJION WNUTUNIDI ‘7 S9SULI UIPJUNOU pso1zads ‘7 uoneyun jeurpnne] Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 29 the tree line between 2,600 and 4,000 m altitude. Surprisingly, the same zone is inhabited by very distinctive and relatively uniform populations of Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli, 1763), an extremely widespread species that ranges from southern Spain to the Altai mountains, with many populations in the Mediterranean region representing extraordinary subspecies. Several subspecies are described from northern Iran, all of them belonging to the same ecotype that is found only in the cushion zone above and around the tree line. This ecotype of Z. carniolica (with a white spot 6, reduced or lost abdominal cingulum, darkened larval phenotype and dark pupal exuviae) is found in several localities where it is syntopic with Z. ecki. It is distributed from the Kuh-e Samamus region south of Ramsar to the Kendevan and Demavand region and extends further east to the Shah-Kuh mountain range. The other three species were hitherto known only from their type-localities although a second subspecies of Z. speciosa was described. However, this nominal taxon is derived from a population occurring in the same valley just about 2—3 km further south and higher up than the nominotypical form. Further south in Iran, in the more eremic Zagros, in the Kuhha-ye Quorud and in the higher areas of the Kerman region, a few more species have predominantly settled in this altitudinal zone (Tab. 1): Zygaena haematina Kollar (and Z. fusca Hofmann), Z. aisha Naumann & Naumann, and Z. bakhtiyari Hofmann & Tremewan. While the species from the Alborz and adjacent areas (Z. speciosa, Z. cacuminum, Z. ecki, Z. christa and Z. carniolica transiens Staudinger) are easily recognised as oreal faunal elements, the categorisation of the other four species remains unsatisfactory. They are probably xeromontane species although their ecological niches are not easily recognisable. Their lower occurrence is contrary to expectations, as they inhabit more southerly regions. This may be due to lack of investigations but could also be a feature of this ecological group because in the eremic regions the rainfall decreases at higher altitudes and that makes the biotopes suboptimal from a certain level upward. However, it must be emphasised that in the Zagros range and in the province of Kerman the regions between 3,300 and 4.000 m altitude are poor and only very locally explored (Hofmann 2000a). While biological data and colour plates (Tab. 2) of all preimaginal stages are available for Z. haematina (Hofmann 2000c, 2000d), Z. cacuminum (Hofmann 2000d), Z. aisha (Hofmann & Tremewan 2003), and Z. carniolica transiens Staudinger (as demavendi Holik; Tremewan 1976, 1977), nothing was hitherto known about Z. speciosa and only the cocoon of Z. bakhtiyari is figured (Hofmann & Tremewan 2005). Data for Z. ecki and Z. fusca are unpublished and for Z. christa they are incomplete (Naumann 1985; Karami et al. 1999b). Regarding Tab. 2, with reference to the aspect of the growth of knowledge, one becomes aware how successful fieldwork has been since 1997 when the “new cooperation” started. This network lead to the foundation of the Association Lepidoptera Iranica (A.L.I.) project (Hofmann & Trusch 2006). During the coming years it should be possible to close the remaining gaps by successfully rearing Z. christa or finding the unknown preimaginal stages of Z. bakhtiyari. As expected, the species with the most extensive range — vertically and horizontally — and relatively low distribution has the highest number of accompanying Zygaena HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran 30 + N DRE P0007 ‘20007 UUEUJOH 0007 0007 0007 0007 EO0T EO0T EO0T EO0T ; LOOC P£OOC TION POOOC UUEUNJOH ; LOOT LOOT LOOT 0007 C86[ uueumeN | LOOT 'S86l wen LOOT 'S861 LOOT “S861 LL6T UPMOW IT, LLGT LOOC LOOC LOOC LL6I OL6T UeMOUTOIE, | LOOT '9L6I LOO “9L6I LOOT 9L61 9L6l 0007 UUEWJOH 0007 0007 0007 0007 ‘ ‘ LOOC 8t61 ALEGT ULEGT SSTSX : LOOC LOOC LOOC Leol ES -paysıpgndun OJIUH . '(I9S00W 'f pra) „ueureyy-yeÄrs ‘ysnbzog o-yNy,, WO] pI0991 A3ojoyyq U00909 BAI®T 337 sSIOyMmY :I0J Sfgefreae vjeq POULIYUOSUN UB SI 919} “IOAODIOPY '3I0ZOQ JEAULUS 9-UnY pue yoony IPAUEUS 9-UN M Je PUNOJ OS[E sem Sa199dS sty} ‘wWNUNUNIDI “7 UM IOYJISOL, ‘ou0Z Jues OU] UTUJIM 918 S[9QU] DY} UO PAUOTJUQU sIpnINTe IY} !SIOIII]JOI I9UJO Aq PAPIO991 BIVP 2[QUIJOI YIM SONIeI0O] IIOU MJ BV WOT SUSWNIIdS 918 BIBL, - "(I9SOOW 'L 9PIA) LUBSOUS ‘y3epe]v 9-UNY,, WOIJ PIO991 POUHJUODUN UE SI 919Y} ‘SIOULIOUJINA ‘31070 ILAUBUS syNy pUE HOONY Jwayeys o-yny Je Ayıfeso] ad A] au} JO Isva Sa199dS SI} PunoFJ UUEUIJOH “VY pur JOIION “| SOOT UL , :SAJOU Jo uoneuefdxg] — ‘URIT Jo saroods puanSK7 ureJunow-ySTy ay} UO eep [VISOTOI Ofgefteay "7 'geL DoSnf ‘7 SU9ISUDAJ "UADI ‘7 FOOT UEMSUISIL 9 UUBUJOH S9SUPI ureJunoul UIOYINOS a n \O — EEE UIOYLION UNUIUINID) ‘7 SO8ULI UIPJUNOU DSO199dS ‘7 N BEBBBBEEBE LOOT ‘901 Jo Jaquiny Jo Jaquinyy Jo Jaquinyy S96] 9 901 08-5961 ‘901 31 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 uTRJUNOU Seal Jusdelpe | pue So13e7 pue zıoq[v JO} Jo saloads © eS iq) © Erreger 4 Es ER] RE RE Be OR EE EE Br Fr Be ER BE BE es ee ® oo & SS = e = Q = > = Q > Q Q © Q a SIS 2 [a |S|S|S Is IS SR IS IS IS E ln |S |QIS ES a 5 S =. à. à @. Q S x = = © 8 O 7 =e = = S 8 |2/»|2|2 mins | IS IS ls IS El al | RS Is ls |§ |B mise lis els la lL is tn 5 /BlegEl eis |2|S|8 © = | a |©w lea |&|% = = ur Eur Se, its AE es 8 Q 7 bare + US = me ein Zehn © are zus © IR SI GL Sur Slee Qo | = = Ne) S/F |S 3 |S Is > | > Bll con eS lee | Site Se soles 2 |= = 2/3) [221$ 5e] lel] [ale à | & — ae 2 3 | 4 : en 2 Zu: = 7 = mire No) NO ‚lines Nn OO 5 O © D S N N > > N N N N < < < > Nn UBULION (N) ueuLIay ‘(Z) S018e7 (V) ZI0QTY Jo pue so.13ez Jo cana juooefpe pue ZzIoq[V Jo sopods ureJunow-ysıy-uou 1dojuÂs sanads sa1deds [EIIO UIBJUNOUI-USIH “QUIOIG SILUOIS ou} JO sarsods ia oIdoyuAs Apueurwopaıd ore Aou} 19H ‘POAIOSQO SI satoads ureJunour-ysıy I9YIO JIM Soroods ureJunour-ysıy Jo Adoju£s ou ‘ueuro y ur pue 98ue1 SO1887 Ay) U] ‘2PUISOI ‘7 puke 11anDy.A1agDy ‘Z ‘DaSkQuivd “7 ‘ZA UONNILNSIP [EOTIOA IOMO] JO sar9ads YIM INDIO 1722 'Z PUR SU21SUDAJ DIIJOIUADI ‘7 ‘Satdads [e210 190 YM ATUO 9Idoqu£s are wununun2D2 ‘7 pur Dso19ads ‘7 ITTY AA ‘AUS DUO Je soroods UIeJUNOW-YSIY 9UO URY} SJOUW 219} SI ZIOQJV 9] ur AJUO '(M) UeUNON punole seare au) JO SUTeJUNOU oY) UI 10/pue (7) SO13eZ ou] ‘(V) ZIOQIY oY) ur (PASI] AjfeyuozLioy) sa1oods ora pur [eslog.e ‘18910 SurAuedwo99e yyIm ‘(e) Adoquds ou} pue (past AjfesmıoA) ues] JO saroods puan8{7 ureyunow-ySty SU L "€ ‘EL 32, HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran species. Zygaena haematina is recorded from 24 localities situated between Hakkari (Turkey) and Dasht-e Arjan (Iran, Fars) and within this range it is syntopic with nine species. Zygaena aisha inhabits biotopes together with Z. ?rubricollis ginnereissi, Z. chirazica and Z. sengana while Z. haematina and Z. bakhtiyari are syntopic with several arboreal species, e.g. Z. chirazica, Z. fredi, Z. tamara, Z. cambysea, Z. manlia, Z. nocturna. No syntopy is observed for Z. fusca and Z. christa. Syntopy with other oreal Zygaena species can only be confirmed for the Alborz species. Zygaena cacuminum is accompanied on Shah-Kuh and Kuh-e Shahvar by Z. ecki and Z. carniolica. Zygaena speciosa is found in all its localities flying together with Z. carniolica (Tab. 3) . In the present paper and two others, forthcoming, new data on the biology and distribution of these high-mountain species will be presented, beginning here with Zygaena speciosa and Z. cacuminum. Abbreviations CAHO Collection Axel Hofmann, Breisach-Hochstetten, Germany. CCMN Collection Clas M. Naumann, now in ZFMK, Bonn. CFDM Collection Franz Daniel, Miinchen (Munich), now in CMWM. CMWM Museum Thomas J. Witt, Miinchen, Germany, assigned to Zoologische Staatssammlung Miinchen. ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig, Bonn, Germany. Zygaena speciosa Reiss, 1937 “Zygaena (Peristygia) speciosa n. spec.” Reiss, 1937a: 466, figs a2, b2, c2. Type locality: “Persia s., Elburs mts. s., Tacht i Suleiman, Hecaréal-Tal, 28-3200 m” (acc. label of “Type ©”). (see distribution map, loc. no. 3). „Zyg. (Peristygia) speciosa Reiß var. suleimanicola n. var.” Reiss 1938: 165. Type locality: “Persia sept., Elburs mts. c. s., Tacht i Suleiman, Sardab Tal (Heéeréam), 4200 m” (acc. label of “Type ©”). (see distribution map, loc. no. 4). The original description of Z. speciosa was based on 165, 69 collected by E. Pfeiffer on “3-7.V11.36”. The “Type &” and “Type 9” are figured in monochrome and recorded as being deposited in coll. F. Daniel/Miinchen. Both specimens together with the paratypes (also from coll. Reiss) are now in coll. T. Witt/Miinchen. Single paratypes are in coll. C. M. Naumann (now Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Bonn) and coll A. Hofmann. The original description of Z. speciosa var. suleimanicola was based on 125¢, 429 collected by E. Pfeiffer & W. Forster on “20.V11.37”. Type series in coll. T. Witt/ München via coll. F Daniel/München. Paratypes in several collections (coll. C. M. Naumann, now Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Bonn, coll. A. Hofmann etc.). Synonymised by Hofmann & Tremewan (1996). Reiss (1937a, 1938) has provided detailed descriptions of the moths of both taxa; they were collected in a north-facing valley called Sardab (cold water) valley, south-east of Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 33 the highest point in this area, the Alam Kuh (4,850 m). The type localities are about three kilometres from each other as the crow flies. While the nominotypical form 1s found at 3,000 m altitude, just after passing Tange Golu (narrow gorges), var. suleimanicola was discovered above the high valley of Hezarchal, from where a pass (Hezercham) leads to the southern side. In between these two localities (3,700 m), Clas Naumann and Gerry Tremewan collected a total of four specimens on 28.v11.1997 in the high valley of Hezarchal (Figs 4-5) thus documenting that gene flow occurs between the populations. All specimens from this area are melanistic with darkened hindwings and reduced spots on the forewings. They are purely five spotted without any trace of a spot 6. While nearly 50% of the moths from higher up (4,200 m) have spot 4 reduced or even lost, the phenotypes from below 1,000 m show slightly more pronounced forewing spots. Apart from that, no significant differences are found, which ıs why Hofmann & Treme- wan (1996) and Karami et al. (1999a) placed suleimanicola Reiss, in synonymy with Z. speciosa. The discovery of the preimaginal stages of Zygaena speciosa at Kuh-e Tochal Until 2005, nothing was known about the preimaginal biology of this species. Reiss (1937a) refers to E. Pfeiffer who speculated one of the several Astragalus spp. present to be the larval host-plant. The following year, E. Pfeiffer and W. Forster observed moths being attracted to a Thymus sp.; nectaring moths and copulae were seen on this plant and these collectors considered this to be the host-plant. From then on, this information was cited in the literature (Holik 1938; Hofmann & Tremewan 1996; Karami et al. 1999a). The last authors mention the observation of a dead larva “in July 1980 at the type locality in the immediate vicinity of an unidentified species of Thymus (CMN)”. Further efforts in finding the moths or preimaginal stages failed in 1999 and 2000 by C. M. Naumann, and on 16 July 1999 by B. Mollet and A. Hofmann. In 2005 we were in Iran for a three-month tour. At the beginning of August at the end of our tour we were visited by our Iranian colleague Ahmad Karbalaye who showed us his interesting collection of Zygaenidae from the last few years. This collection included a couple of Z. speciosa collected around the last teleski station (3,740 m) on Kuh-e Tochal (3,964 m) close to Tehran, a new locality for Z. speciosa and situated on the south side of the Alborz (see distribution map, loc. no. 6). This valuable information — thanks to Ahmad Karbalaye — motivated us to search for the proverbial needle in the haystack. Without any idea of the exact biotope, we first searched for meadows containing thyme plants around the station between 3,700 and 3,800 m altitude. However, field experiences with the closely related Z. cacuminum some years before (Hofmann 2000d) reminded us to be critical with such unconfirmed speculations. Like Z. cacuminum, Z. speciosa belongs to a species-group that lives exclusively on Eryngium spp. or on other Apiaceae. But no Eryngium or any other Apiaceae were found. On the top of the mountain and near the station there were still small snow-fields at the beginning of August, a strong wind was blowing and when the sun was hidden behind clouds it immediately became cool. Only 34 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran a few high-mountain butterilies were observed, Melitaea saxatilis (Christoph), Colias sagartia Lederer, Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) posthumus (Christoph). In the afternoon one hour before the last telecabin left to go down to the ground station at 1,800 m, on the other side of a scree of rock debris and moving stones, an interesting south-west- facing biotope (Fig. 10) east of the telecabin station was discovered with plenty of Onobrychis cornuta cushions, several Gramineae spp., a Thymus sp. smelling of mint, and pinkish-flowering thistles. As the whole area, including this site, was overgrazed, but not too strongly because of its steepness and the poor vegetation, the shepherds and their sheep never remained here very long. However, as some Z. carniolica were flying, we stayed here longer. Suddenly a black moth in clumsy flight was observed just a few metres away from the orbit of the net. For a moment we were unable to chase it because of the strong winds, but of course, we would not be telling this story if the moth had not found its way into the net — a large perfect female of Z. speciosa. It was the only one, but it did not need too much self-discipline to keep it alive for laying eggs, although it was so fresh that it was unclear whether it had already mated. In spite of our scepticism we put it into a small plastic box. And then, while making a small temporary camp, whitish-flowering Apiaceae, similar to Trachydium eriocarpum (the host-plant of Z. cacuminum), were found among the stones (Figs 11-14). Now we knew that we were at the very exact locality and immediately started to turn over stones expecting to find cocoons or larvae. After more than one hour of work on unstable slopes without any further success, we had to leave the biotope hoping to get the last telecabin coming down. It was already very late and the prospect of walking back 15 km or more and 2,000 m down in cool winds made us hurry. Just at this moment — with all the luggage hanging on her back and arms — Tabassom reported the discovery of a “black larva with yellow spots”. No doubt, this must be the fully grown larva of Z. speciosa, sitting fully exposed in the late afternoon sun on the west side of a warmed-up big stone close to one of the Apiaceae plants. Forgetting the time we took several photos (Figs 11-14), not forgetting to press some plants for exact determination. The moment we wanted to start we realised that the female was just starting to lay eggs. We couldn’t put it in the dark rucksack, as it needed the evening sun. Fortunately, thanks to the telecabin guardian, we were able to find accomodation at a nearby hotel that was exceptionaly open. The next day, before returning to Tehran, we went again to the biotope. Nothing was flying nor were any other larvae found. However, a cocoon was discovered under a stone of medium size (12 x 7 x 5 cm), thus completing the bionomics of Z. speciosa with a minimal number of records: one female, one fully grown larva, one cocoon and one batch of eggs together with the pressed unknown host-plant. With the awareness of having had an entomological highlight we left Kuh-e Tochal on August 4, 2005. However, the price we paid was high. It was the very last day in the wild on this tour and our driver, with all the larvae from three months’ fieldwork in the car, forgot this day for half an hour his job that he had done so carefully during the long tour. On the Tochal base plateau the car stood exposed in the full mid-day sun and heated up on the inside to more than 70°C. Over 1,400 Zygaena larvae — the majority already just before diapause — cooked and died. It needed weeks to revitalise from this shock and two years to write this article. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 35 Tehran @) Z- speciosa 1000-2000 m > Z. cacuminum > 2000 m Map. Records and areals of the two oreal Zygaena (Mesembrynus) species in northern Iran. While Z. speciosa (loc. 1-6) is known from central and western Alborz, the closely related Z. cacuminum is only recorded from Shah Kuh (loc. 7) and Kuh-e Shahvar (loc. 8, 9) S of Gorgan. Numbers of localities: 1 Kuh-e Samamus, 2 Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh, 3 Hezarchal (type locality of Z. speciosa), 4 Hezercham (type locality of Z. speciosa suleimanicola), 5 Dizin-Shemshak, 6 Tochal. — Distances between the most peripheral populations of Z. speciosa are 140 km, those of Z. cacuminum are only 30 km. Absence of records between Tehran and Gorgan (270 km) is assumed to be an artefact due to lack of fieldwork. The mountains in this region are not so high, but east of Demavend (vicinity of Lac Taar) and north-east of Semnan they reach altitudes above 3,500 m. Zygaena speciosa at Dizin-Shemshak (province Tehran), 3,500—3,800 m (Figs 7-8) In the vicinity of the pass between Dizin and Shemshak, A. Karbalaye had already collected, in 2001, some burnet moths including Z. carniolica and a couple of Z. speciosa (labelled: “M. Dezen, 3.800 m, 5.8.2001”; (see distribution map, loc. no. 5). The following year but more than one month earlier, W. ten Hagen found a single female here at the top of the teleski station (“Tehran N, Elburs, NE Dizin, 3550 m, 2.7.2002”). Until these discoveries, Z. speciosa was known only from its type locality. 36 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran The phenotype of this population differs slightly from the nominotypical form and is more similar to moths from Kuh-e Tochal, as one would expect. While all moths from the area around Dizin are also melanistic, but with the hindwings slightly more red scaled and the forewings tending to being six spotted, the population from Kuh-e Tochal is phenotypically between the darkened 5-spotted populations of Alam-Kuh (100 % five-spotted) and that from Dizin-Shemshak (here two moths are six spotted, the other two have spot 6 vestigial). We visited this locality at the end of July 2003 and 2005 without any success. However, with the newly acquired information about the larval host-plant (from Kuh-e Tochal), a westerly facing site where the same Apiaceae occurred (as with the biotopes at Kuh- e Tochal) was visited on July 10, 2006 on the south side of this ridge (3,500--3,600 m). The flight period was already coming to an end, as only one female, two vacated cocoons (under stones) and one batch of eggs (under a stone, Fig. 8) were found on this date. One week later, IQ and | worn & were observed at the same locality. The male was attracted to a virgin female of Z. speciosa from Kuh-e Tochal (e. p.). Zygaena speciosa at Kuh-e Samamus (province Gilan), 3,350—3,600 m (Figs 26-31, 34-45) This new locality from 3,350 m up to the summit (3,620 m) of Kuh-e Samamus (Tonekabon SW) on June 25, 2006 (see distribution map, loc. no. 1) was discovered by Alireza Naderi (Karaj). The description of this well-separated and easily distin- guishable new subspecies will follow in another paper. Five days later, A. Hofmann and A. Naderi visited the biotope at 3,400 m altitude. In spite of very bad weather conditions (fog, rain, subsequently a cold wind, temperature falling to 8°C), the preimaginal stages and four moths (sitting inactive on stones) were found. In addition to more than a dozen cocoons that were already vacated (some with the pupal exuviae still protruding), nine with living pupae inside were found and taken with us. All were hidden, spun under predominantly flat stones of a size somewhat bigger than those from Kuh-e Tochal. Only three cocoons were spun under stones of medium size that could be taken with us. Moreover, we found seven larvae (one fully grown, six fairly small, 10 and 12 mm) hidden under stones or just coming out to warm up when the sun came through for a short moment. A third visit (July 6, 2006, A. Hofmann & T. Kia Hofmann) had to be cancelled as the weather was extremely bad. Further successful Figs 1-6. Iran, Alborz, Alam-Kuh region, type locality of Zygaena speciosa. 1. Many trials to rediscover the species failed because the weather conditions can be “very suboptimal” even in July and August; Bernard Mollet putting our luggage on a mule near Tange Golu, 15.vii.1999. 2. On the way to the Hecarchal valley, 15.v11.1999. 3. Our camp site near the narrow gorges (Tange Golu); here we had three days rain, wind and storm. 4. Fresh snowfall in the Hecarchal valley at the site where we expected to find the biotopes, 16. vii. 1999. 5. A good locality with plenty of host-plants was discovered in 2006. Although it was sunny and mild at the beginning of August, not a single specimen could be found (Note. Fig. 4 shows the same site just 3 weeks earlier). 6. Clas Naumann and Gerry Tremewan had more luck when they visited Alam Kuh in 1997; four fresh specimens were found on 28.v11.1997 (Fig. 6, photo by C. M. Naumann.). Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 37 El eae 38 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran observations and collections were possible on the fourth visit (July 15, 2006, A. Hofmann) when Zygaena speciosa was common on this date and accompanied by masses of Z. carniolica. Zygaena speciosa at Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh (Zarout) (province Mazandaran) 3,270-3,350 m While crossing the Alborz range (14.v11.2006) on a bad trail between Qazvin and the Caspian Sea, we stopped at the highest pass named Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh (ca 3,250 m) and climbed to the nearby summit of the mountain. Here another population of Z. speciosa (see distribution map, loc. no. 2) was found syntopic with Z. carniolica. This population inhabits a west- to north-west-facing biotope and in good weather one can see the Kuh-e Samamus that ıs around 20 km distance as the crow flies. Like the population from the latter locality, it is not melanistic on the hindwings, as in the eastern populations from the type locality, from Dizin-Shemshak and from Kuh-e Tochal. Therefore it will be referred to the new subspecies from Kuh-e Samamus in a forthcoming paper. A white-flowering, undetermined Apiaceae, probably a Semenovia Sp., grows in the biotope and must be the host-plant as no other Apiaceae was present. While Z. carniolica was visiting the flowers of an Acantholimon sp. and Thymus sp. in the late afternoon, all moths of Z. speciosa were observed flying very quickly and therefore they were difficult to collect. Description of an ab ovo culture (2005-2007) and the preimaginal stages (Kuh-e Tochal) (Figs 15-25, 32-33) The above-mentioned female from Kuh-e Tochal laid 70 eggs that were deposited in three batches, all on the same day (August 3, 2005). As it was disturbed several times by moving and walking, the eggs were not deposited in regular batches. Ovum. The eggs are relatively large, bigger than that of Z. tamara (reared at the same time). Usual whitish cream colour tinged with orange-brown. Yolk sack bigger than in Z. tamara. Figs 7-13. Iran, Alborz, new records of Z. speciosa from Dizin-Shemshak and Tochal. 7-8. Between Dizin and Shemshak. In spite of the fact that Semenovia tragioides — one of the larval host plants — is not very common on this extremely steep biotope, one batch of eggs was found on the underside of a stone, 10.vii.2006. 9-13. Kuh-e Tochal, province Tehran, observations in the wild. 9. Before starting to feed, the larvae first come out and warm up on warmed stones or expose themselves to the sun, 28.vi.2006. 10. Typical Z. speciosa biotope in the boulder scree zone close to snowfields at 3,650 m altitude, with flowering Onobrychis cornuta bushes at the end of the larval phase, 28.vi.2006. 11. At the end of June the host-plant sets its first seeds. When it is sunny the half- or fully-grown larvae crawl out from under the stones and preferably eat the last fresh buds (note larva sitting on right stem), 28.vi.2006. 12-13. About one-third of the adult larvae that we found in the field were parasitised by Chalcididae or Tachinidae, Kuh-e Tochal, 3.v111.2005. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 39 40 HOFMANN & KiA-HorMANN: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran Eggs were deposited in two or three layers. In the heat of Tehran the embryos developed very quickly and emerged after six days (August 9, 2005). Before emergence, the eggs changed in colour and became greyish (darker than in Z. tamara). In 2006, one batch of eggs was found in the wild at a site near Dizin — Shemshak (Tehran). It was deposited in two layers on the underside of a stone (similar behaviour to that of Z. cacuminum), the batch being of medium size and placed directly beneath the host-plant. It consisted of 19 (1148) eggs (Fig. 8). From the F1 generation (derived from the female from Tochal) two subsequent cultures (F2) were reared in 2007 when successful pairings were obtained (May 21 and 27, 2007). In CV070521,1 (= first “Copula-Versuch” [copulation trial] on May 21, 2007) the copula (Fig. 15) took place at 14h00 and remained till 13h00 of the next day. The same afternoon the female laid five batches of eggs, deposited in two to three layers, some slightly irregular. In CV070527,3 (= third “Copula-Versuch” on May 27, 2007) the copulating pair was found at 16h00 and had already separated by the next morning at about 10h00. However, the same day the female laid three batches of eggs within three hours. The first batch (slightly irregular) consisted of 43 eggs. The second was deposited in three layers and comprised 29 eggs (15+12+3), the third in a double layer (Fig. 16) consisted of 33 eggs (22+11). All in all, six batches of eggs were laid in captivity on the underside of the wooden construction of the box, the female sitting with the dorsum downwards. Only one batch was laid on the underside of a leaf of Eryngium planum (L.) (Apiaceae). While in Iran, the egg phase lasted only 6 days, but the cultures in Germany needed 8 to 9 days. This is one day shorter than Z. tamara or Z. nocturna under the same conditions. In all cases, all batches were fertile. Infertility or partial infertility (of single eggs) was not observed. Larva. On the day of hatching, the LI larvae ate parts of their egg shells and then sat close together before starting, after 24 hours, to accept the several Apiaceae plants that they were offered, e.g. Seseli libanotis (L.) Koch, Eryngium planum Linnaeus, and Pastinaca sativa Linnaeus. The freshly emerged L1 larva is already pigmented and Figs 14-27. Preimaginal stages of Z. speciosa from Kuh-e Tochal and Kuh-e Samamus. 14. The white- flowering larval host-plant, S. tragioides, mostly grows between unstable stones, Kuh-e Tochal, province Tehran, 28.vi.2006. 15-25. Breeding Z. speciosa in captivity (2005—2007). 15-16. After two years the first moths (F1) emerged in spring 2007. A successful copula was obtained on 21 May 2007; the next day the 9 laid three batches of eggs (F2) arranged in 2 and 3 layers. 17-18. Already the pre-diapause larvae — here in the L3 — have the typical aposematic pattern; however, the black coloration is slightly less developed, 31.v111.2005. 19-20. Diapausing larvae (L4D), 14.11.2006. 21. Half-grown larva in the postdiapause instar (LS). 22. Cocoon with pupal exuviae, e.o., Kuh-e Tochal. 23-24. The yellow spots of the fully grown larvae (here from the ab ovo culture of 2005) are bright and obviously contrasting, thus giving the larvae a strong aposematic pattern, 7.v.2007. 25. Lateral pattern of the fully grown larvae; well visible are the areas of ground colour on the verrucae, 30.vi.2006. 26-27. All cocoons were spun on the underside of stones; some places had such excellent microclimatic conditions that even 2 cocoons were spun close to each other, Kuh-e Samamus, 30.v1.2006. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 41 42 HOFMANN & KiA-HoFMANN: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran looks greyish. Two pronounced brown lines (one on each side of the lighter greyish white dorsum) are visible; the ground colour is also dominated laterally by brownish darkened pigmentation interrupted by the lighter verrucae. Ventrally the ground colour is whitish grey; the crochets of the abdominal prolegs are dark brown to black. White setae long, dark setae short. At the end of L1 (after 7-9 days in Iran), the typical pattern of the fully grown larva is already visible. However, the coloration is not so strong and black as in the postdiapause stages — it is more dirty brownish in L1. This means that the larva of Z. speciosa ıs darkened from the beginning onwards, whereas typical eremic or arboreal Zygaena species in Iran have a green or creamy-white coloration before diapause and obviously change their pattern successively after diapause. This observation fits well with those of other oreal species, e.g. Z. cacuminum, a characteristic that must be interpreted as an adaptation to high-mountain climates. Even in August, when the young larvae hatch, the temperatures at night can fall close to 0°C and bad weather conditions with rain and storms can last for days. In the L2 stage the pigment coloration changes more from brownish to black and becomes extended dorsally so that the lighter grey ground colour remains only as a narrow dorsal line. 10 yellow- white dorso-subdorsal spots (DSS) are now present from the 2nd thoracic to the 8th abdominal segment. The larvae now preferred Pastinaca sativa, less so Seseli libanotis and only a few feeding marks were noted on Eryngium planum or E. giganteum. In captivity the larvae fed well and grew quickly. The L3 larva (5 mm, Figs 17-18) exhibits nearly the same pattern as that found in the fully grown larvae; only the spots become more accentuated and the yellow DSS are more brilliant. The majority of larvae had already entered diapause by the end of June; single individuals underwent a further moult (LA) and went on feeding till the end of August. After the first year, i.e. in the autumn, 51 larvae had entered diapause (LAD, LSD, Figs 19, 20) when the contrasting coloration was reduced; the ground colour became light brownish while the black pigmentation was medium brown and the yellow dorso-subdorsal spots were weaker. The loss of larvae was low and only a few died during diapause. The following spring (end of March), the larvae (4 mm) were taken into a warm room and subjected to greater humidity. After 10 days the larvae moulted (L5, partly L6). Under the same conditions, larvae of other Zygaena species moulted much quicker: Z. cambysea (3 days), Z. manlia (3), Z. tamara (5), Z. christa (5). After moulting, the Z. speciosa larvae regained their predominant black coloration with the yellow spots less pronounced in the beginning (later becoming more significant). Some larvae died but the majority fed well and grew. However, all larvae fed for just one instar (6—7 mm) and after 4 weeks they all entered diapause for a second time (L6D, partly L7D). Figs 28-31. Biotopes, host-plants and preimaginal stages of Zygaena speciosa from Kuh-e Samamus (SW Ramsar). 28. In the lower parts of Kuh-e Samamus there are dense forests followed by subalpine meadows from 2,300 m altitude upwards. The prostrate Juniperus sabina L. (2,300-2,600 m) is characteristic of the transition zone to the treeless highest regions (2,700-3,620 m). 29. The trail to the pass (3,350 m) was partly destroyed in 2006 so that one had to walk from 2,650 m upwards. 30. Freshly emerged 9 of Z. speciosa warming up on a limestone rock, 30.vi.2006. 31. Flowering plants of a pinkish-flowered Thymus sp. were preferably visited for nectaring when the sun was shining, 15.v11.2006. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 43 HER 44 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran Quite remarkable was the feeding behaviour of the post-diapause larvae. The main activity was observed during the afternoon. At dusk and during the night the larvae hide themselves under leaves or sit inactive under papers. This observation was confirmed after the following diapause in 2007. Thirty-five larvae were overwintering (2006 to 2007); after moulting at the end of March 2007, many larvae died (probably because of an application of the active substance fipronil [“Frontline”] on the house dog as prevention against ticks). Only a dozen larvae that were taken into the room some weeks later survived and all of these developed well. After two further moults (L10, partly L11) the first larva became fully grown (Figs 23-25, 32-35) at the beginning of May 2007. The fully grown larva has a light bluish- grey ground colour although this is strongly reduced. The intersegmental regions are only visible when the larva stretches by moving. On the dorsum the ground colour is reduced to a narrow zigzag band by the two expanded black dorsal spots. Posteriorly, the dorsal line ıs broader on every segment; anteriorly it is very thin (Fig. 23). The large anterior dorsal spot (ADS) is connected to the posterior dorsal spot (PDS) on both sıdes (dorsally and ventrally) and even the areas surrounding the verrucae or dorsal warts (D1+D2; terminology after Tremewan 1985: 91; Hofmann 2003: 77) are dark- pigmented, only the bases of the setae are lighter. In the same way the subdorsal verrucae (SD) are also ring-shaped surrounded by one large black spot that is formed by the anterior subdorsal spot (ASS) and by the posterior subdorsal spot (PSS). Only the tops of the verrucae are of the ground colour. The immediate surrounding of the spiracle at the lower end of the connected subdorsal spot is also lighter. Further ventrally, the dark pigmentation becomes more brownish-black. The next verruca under the spiracle — the upper lateral verruca (L1) — is in the same way surrounded and even further ventrally the L2 verruca is darkened. Ten large, bright yellow, dorso-subdorsal spots (DSS) of oval shape contrast strongly although the first and the last are reduced. Retractile first thoracic segment, abdominal prolegs and anal prolegs light greenish-yellow. White setae long, predominant on the abdominal segments. Black setae present on the first and second thoracic segment and on the last abdominal segment short, rather stiff. Cocoon. Half a dozen cocoons were found in the wild on the Kuh-e Tochal on August 4, 2005 (1), 2006 (4) and July 31, 2007 (1). Moreover, remnants of cocoons from former years were noted. Eight cocoons resulted from larvae found on June 28, 2006. From the ab ovo cultures that began in 2005, nine cocoons were spun on the underside Figs 32-35. Comparison of final instar larvae collected in the wild at Kuh-e Tochal (32-33) and Kuh-e Samamus (34-35). All larvae from Kuh-e Tochal exhibit a mediodorsal band of ground colour, while the larvae from Kuh-e Samamus are generally darker and especially this band is narrower or even absent. 36-38. Kuh-e Samamus, biotope and fieldwork. 36. Optimal weather conditions with full sun on the Z. speciosa biotope, while clouds from the Caspian Sea hang lower down in the valleys, 15.v11.2006. 37. Two weeks earlier we had been here twice under very different conditions, but fog, rain and cold temperatures did not prevent us from searching for larvae and cocoons under stones; Alireza Naderi in “warm” clothes, 30.v1.2006. 38. 29 of Z. speciosa crawled out from their hiding places under stones immediately when the sun came out for a few minutes, but sat inactively when it became cloudy again, 30.v1.2006. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 45 46 HOFMANN & KIA-HOFMANN: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran of the lid of the box and under stones between May 4-12, 2007. At Kuh-e Samamus 25 cocoons were found and four resulted from larvae. The cocons are slightly wrinkled, semi-ovoid, extremely fragile (cannot be removed from stones without destroying its base). Colour variable, from whitish to brownish or golden and with metallic sheen. Weakly developed ribs occasionally visible posteriorly. Pupal exuviae are mid- to dark brown. Exuviae from ab ovo cultures darker than those found in the wild. Cocoon from 2007, found at 3,400 m, differing in browner, more golden coloration and in lighter brown exuviae. All cocoons in the wild were spun under stones of medium size and situated not far from the host-plant. Not a single one was found exposed or spun on vegetation. From the cocoons obtained from larvae found in the wild at the end of June 2006, the moths emerged after 14 days in Iran (first female e.p.: July 12, 2006), while the cocoon phase in Germany lasted two days longer. The first male and female emerged from cocoons obtained from the ab ovo culture after 16 days (May 20 and 21, 2007). Three more males and three females emerged up until May 28, 2007. Infraspecific differences in preimaginal and imaginal phenotypes The moths of both western populations (Kuh-e Samamus, Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh) are not melanistic. They are smaller than the melanistic populations from Alam-Kuh and Kuh-e Tochal. Consequently, the larvae and cocoons do not reach the same size. In the last and penultimate instars the larvae from Kuh-e Samamus (Figs 34—35) are clearly darker than those from Kuh-e Tochal (Figs 32—33). The ground-coloured medio- dorsal band is narrower or can even be lost, thus giving the larva a completely black dorsum. The pigmentation subdorsally and laterally is stronger, too. The most darkened larvae are reminiscent of a larva of a Parnassius sp. (Fig. 43). The extension of the dark pigmentation can be a subspecific adaptation to the extreme weather conditions so close to the Caspian Sea where, at the time of the final larval development, the periods of fog, cold wet winds and little sunshine can be normal. On four trips to this locality between the end of June and mid July we had rain, wind and very low temperatures on three occasions (Fig. 37). But when the sun came through, the larvae immediately started climbing up the plants, warming up and feeding. In contrast to the larval phenotype, the imaginal phenotype is not melanistic. Probably the conditions some weeks later during the flight period of the moths are more stable on average and/or the lower altitude of Figs 39-45. Kuh-e Samamus, larvae of Z. speciosa on different host-plants and syntopic Z. carniolica, 30.vi.2006. 39-40. The majority of the fully grown larvae of Z. speciosa were found on the yellow- flowered Trachydium depressum. 41. Two larvae feeding on one plant of the whitish-flowered Trachydium eriocarpum, also a host-plant. 42. A third, unidentified Apiaceae on which larvae were found feeding. 43. Fully grown larvae — especially when partly hidden — resemble larvae of Parnassius species, 30.vi. 2006. 44-45. Zygaena carniolica accompanies Z. speciosa in all its known localities. The moths of Z. carniolica prefer to nectar on the globe-like flowers of a second Thymus sp. that is growing in this area. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 47 48 HorMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran the biotopes (3,270-3,400 m; compared with those from Tochal, 3,500-3,800 m and Alam Kuh, 3,200-4,000 m) allows enough activities for nectaring and reproduction so that no melanistic adaptatıon has evolved to absorb more solar radiation. Not a single melanistic form was found here although around 150 moths were observed, while all the moths from Alam-Kuh, Kuh-e Tochal, and Dizin-Shemshak (ca. 200 specimens) are melanistic. Further field observations and larval host-plants At Kuh-e Tochal larvae were found during the early afternoon under small stones or at the base of plants of Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden (det. H. Akhani), a very characteristically smelling, white-flowering Apiaceae. At the end of June 2006 the host- plant was not in flower; the flowering stems, however, were protruding. The first larva that was found on August 3, 2005 was parasitised by a species of Chalcididae. On June 28, 2006, more than a dozen larvae were found; of these, nine were fully grown, while five were of medium size or even smaller and some of the latter were entering diapause for a second time. Just before the appearance of the moths, two more larvae of medium size were found on July 19, 2006; both went into a second diapause, thus confirming the above observations. The same was observed with larvae from Kuh-e Samamus. Of nine larvae, only one made a cocoon the same year, three went into diapause and the rest died or were parasitised. Based on these observations, one can assume that two over-Wintering periods are the general strategy of this high-mountain species, as all larvae from the ab ovo culture also went into a second diapause. Host-plants used by larvae exhibit a characteristic look: as the larvae feed on the flowering stems, the latter are bent over or they are without umbels, as the larvae preferably eat these parts. Because of this behaviour, the plants on which the larvae feed look different and acquire a cushion-like form. The temperature at this altitude falls very quickly when clouds or fog that emanate from the Caspian Sea prevent direct sunshine. The activity of the moths is more or less restricted to the warmest time of the day, 1.e. between 11.00 and 15.00 h. The few observed and freshly emerged females had a heavy flight, but two males were observed to fly very quickly; one female was seen nectaring on thyme. At Kuh-e Samamus the biotopes have a west- to north-west-facing aspect. In contrast to Kuh-e Tochal and the pass between Dizin-Shemshak, the larvae here feed on three different Apiaceae with a slight preference for the yellow-flowering Apiaceae. Feeding larvae were found on Trachydium eriocarpum Born. & Gauba (white-flowering), Trachydium depressum (Bois.) Bois. (yellow-flowering) and another Apiaceae (probably Peucedanum sp. or Semenovia sp.) (all det. H. Akhani / Tehran). However, the definitive determination needs confirmation as the plants were just flowering and no seeds could be found. The plants do not grow as high as those on Kuh-e Tochal but are somewhat prostrate or close to the ground. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 49 Around midday the moths were observed visiting the ‘polsters’ or cushions of two different Thymus spp. and nectaring at their flowers; some were active on one polster for more than 10 minutes and crawling from one flower to the next. During periods when the wind abates and the sun is fully shining, the moths immediately come out and warm up on the sun-exposed sides of stones. We observed this behaviour even at low temperatures of 12-13°C at the beginning of the flight period (June 30, 2006). During the main period (mid July to beginning of August), the moths can immediately appear in abundance and begin to fly when it becomes sunny and less windy for a moment in the habitat. But when the sun is hidden or the wind is too strong, they land or fall down to the ground and crawl under stones. The flight is steady and calm, 20-30 cm above the ground when it is windless; then they are probably searching for nectar plants or the males for females. But males were regularly observed flying 1—5 m high and very quickly, especially when crossing the saddle of the mountain ridge. Two virgin females from Kuh-e Tochal (ex larvae) were placed in gauze-covered boxes for checking their attractiveness to the males of the population at Kuh-e Samamus. At one single stop, eight males arrived and tried to reach the females, their valvae opened and ready for mating. From both localities, parasitoids (Hymenoptera and Diptera) were obtained from larvae collected in the wild. A complete list with all known parasitoids will be published later. Biotope(s). On Kuh-e Tochal four biotopes inhabited by Z. speciosa were discovered between 2005 and 2007, all of them situated on the south side of the mountain. The maximum distance from each other is around 3 km; the lowest is situated at 3,390 m, the highest at 3,680 m altitude. In all these sites the larval host-plant Semenovia tragioides is common and flowering at the time of appearance of the moths. The sub- populations are only weakly isolated by areas where the larval host-plant does not grow. However, each site is visible from one habitat to the next and there are no isolating barriers between them. Consequently, the population exhibits a typical metapopulation structure. All sites are very steep, westerly facing biotopes with moving stones (scree) and abundant Semenovia tragioides, dominated by Poaceae with Thymus sp., Salvia sp., and Onobrychis cornuta cushions. The other biotopes at Dizin — Shemshak, Hecaréal, Gardaneh-ye Tondrokosh and Kuh- e Samamus are all westerly (south-west to north-west) facing. There can be no doubt that the general warming up of the biotope and the longer evening sun is the deciding factor. Zygaena cacuminum Christoph, 1877 “Zygaena cacuminum Chr.” Christoph 1877: 243, pl. 6 fig. 17. Type locality: “auf dem mit Steingerüll bedeckten Plateau und den höchstgelegenen Abhängen des Felskammes bei Schahkuh” (original description); [Iran, prov. Golestan, Gorgan 37 km S., Shah-kuh-e Pain 6 km SE., Kuh-e Gawkoshan (3,813 m)]; (see distribution map, loc. no. 7). 50 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran No information is provided on the number of specimens that were collected, but both sexes are mentioned. One specimen (probably ©) is illustrated in a hand-coloured figure. The rediscovery of Z. cacuminum around 120 years after it was first discovered by Christoph is described by Hofmann (2000d) and Naumann (2000) who also provide data on the biology and ecology (phenology, host-plants etc.). Until 2005, Z. cacuminum was one of the rare burnet moth species (like Z. problematica and Z. halima) that was known only from its type locality. Here Z. cacuminum — according to the original description — inhabits biotopes in the highest regions of the Shahkuh range. The rediscoveries in 1998 (B. Mollet), 1999 (A. Hofmann, J.-U. Meineke, B. Mollet), 2000 (B. Mollet), 2003 (A. Hofmann, J.-U. Meineke), 2005 (A. Hofmann, B. Mollet) as well as material collected by T. Keil (2003, 2006) were all on the north side of the mountain range in the boulder/scree zone between 2,800 and 3,100 m altitude. If one proceeds around 25-30 km eastward from Shahkuh, as the crow flies, one reaches the highest peak of the eastern Alborz, a mountain known as Kuh-e Shavar (3,945 m). On its north side, this mountain is covered with forests that extend down to the Caspian Sea, while the slopes on its west, east and south sides are almost treeless with poor, high-mountain steppe vegetation (Artemisia, Acantholimon, etc.) where only isolated Juniperus trees occur. A typical high-mountain flora with cushion vegetation (Astragalus spp., Onobrychis cornuta) is found from above 2,500 m. Five permanent rivers rise from this mountain. Near the village of Tash, a trail that follows the course of one of these rivers leads to a coal mine in this mountain. Kuh-e Shahvar is visible from the upper parts of Shahkuh, but both are well separated from each other by deep valleys in which there is intensive cultivation of the land. It had already been assumed by Naumann (2000) and Hofmann that suitable biotopes for Z. cacuminum should exist on this mountain, which is why both explored this area several times, but without any success. A definitive clue that Z. cacuminum in fact has a population there was given when H. Akhani showed the author Zygaena photographs for determination, which he had made during his botanical fieldwork in 1998-2001. There was no doubt that one photograph depicted a fresh male of Z. cacuminum nectaring on Acantholimon. The photograph was taken at the end of July while Akhani was on his way from the village of Tash to the top of Kuh-e Shahvar at an altitude of about 3,350 m. Provided with this information, A. Hofmann and B. Mollet intensively explored the slopes of the two peaks of Kuh-e Shahvar from July 24—27, 2005, viz. the lower peak (Kuh-e Shahvar kucek) on the north side and the higher one (Kuh-e Shahvar bozorg) further south. At both sites the very local, white-flowering, larval host-plant Trachydium eriocarpum was found. At Kuh-e Shahvar kucek, Z. cacuminum was observed on both sides (north- and south-facing) of a ridge where the moths were flying and nectaring between 3,300 and 3,550 m altitude. The highest record is from Kuh-e Shahvar bozorg where a single male was found close to the snowfields at an altitude of 3,720 m. On both mountains, Z. cacuminum was accompanied by Z. ecki and Z. carniolica. As a consequence of these new records, the expectation of finding Z. cacuminum at further localities in eastern Iran (Kuh-e Aladag, Kuh-e Binalut) becomes more realistic. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 25-52 5] The relationship of Z. speciosa and Z. cacuminum will be discussed when more concrete facts are available, based on successful exploration of the areas between Demavend and Semnan. Acknowledgements Extensive fieldwork in Iran in 2005, 2006 and 2007 would not only have been less successful but even impossible without the active help in Germany and Iran provided by many good friends to whom we express our sincere thanks: Prof. Dr. Hossein Akhani (Tehran), Bernd Gmelin (Freiburg), Ingmar Harry (Freiburg), Helen F. Hofmann (Hochstetten), Ahmad Karbalaye (Tehran), Bernard Mollet (Paris), Nadine Meseck (Freiburg), Dr. Jörg-Uwe Meineke (Kippenheim), Josef Mooser (Freising), Alireza Naderi (Karaj), Maike Stange (Freiburg), and Dr. W. Gerald Tremewan (Truro) helped during fieldwork or provided valuable advice, determined the preserved plants, or took care of the dog, garden, and house. Furthermore we do not forget the support and help in various ways from Dr. Wolfgang Eckweiler (Frankfurt), Giinter Ebert (Karlsruhe), Astrid Grauel (Rutesheim), Dr. Bernard Landry (Genéve), Thomas Keil (Dresden), Dr. Matthias Nuss (Dresden), Dr. Storai Naumann-Nawabi (Bonn), Dr. Wolfgang ten Hagen, and Dr. Robert Trusch (Karlsruhe). Literature Efetov, K. A. 2004. Forester and Burnet Moths (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). — Crimean State Medical Uni- versity Press, Simferopol, 272 pp. Hofmann, A. 2000a. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Lepi- doptera, Zygaenidae. Part I: Introduction, systematic part: Zygaena (Mesembrynus) seitzi, Z. ?seitzi nocturna, Z. manlia. — Linneana Belgica, Wetteren 17 (5): 171-196. Hofmann, A. 2000b. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Lepi- doptera, Zygaenidae. Part II: Zygaena rubricollis. — Linneana Belgica, Wetteren 17 (6): 227-232. Hofmann, A. 2000c. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Lepi- doptera, Zygaenidae. Part III: Zygaena haematina. — Linneana Belgica, Wetteren 17 (7): 293-299. Hofmann, A. 2000d. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Lepi- doptera, Zygaenidae. Part IV: Zygaena haematina (addendum), Z. cacuminum. — Linneana Belgica, Wetteren 17 (8): 339-347. Hofmann, A. 2003. Zygaena (Zygaena) ephialtes (Linnaeus, 1767) im siidlichen Balkan nebst Anmer- kungen zur Entstehung von Polymorphismus sowie melanistischer Zygaena-Formen im Mittelmeer- raum (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart 113: 50-54, 75-86, 108- 120. Hofmann, A. & W. G. Tremewan 1996. A Systematic Catalogue of the Zygaeninae (Lepidoptera: Zygae- nidae). — Harley Books, Colchester, Essex, England, 251 pp. Hofmann, A. & W. G. Tremewan 2001. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae. Part V: Zygaena tamara. — Linneana Belgica, Wetteren 18 (3): 125-136. Hofmann, A. & W. G. Tremewan 2003. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae. Part VI: Zygaena nocturna, Z. aisha, Z. rubricollis and Z. fredi (addenda based on results of fieldwork in 2001 and 2002). — Linneana Belgica, Wetteren 19 (1): 9-20. Hofmann, A. & W. G. Tremewan 2005. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 in Iran (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae). Part VII: Records from the Zarde Kuh region with the description of a new species. — Linneana Belgica, Wetteren 20 (1): 15-21. Hofmann, A. & R. Trusch 2006. Report on the 3" ALI-meeting at the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Germany 9" — 10 September, 2006. — Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica-News- Nachrichten-Nouvelles 41: 5—7. Holik, O. 1938. Biologische Notizen iiber einige vorderasiatische Zygaenenarten. — Mitteilungen der Münchener entomologischen Gesellschaft 28: 388-394. 52 HOFMANN & Kıa-Hormann: High Mountain Zygaena in Iran Karami, M., C. M. Naumann & W. G. Tremewan [1999a]. The systematics and distribution of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in Iran. — Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, Tehran 15 [March, 1995]: 1-22. Karami, M., C. M. Naumann & W. G. Tremewan [1999b]. The biology and ecology of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in Iran. — Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, Tehran 15 [March, 1995]: 23-46. Keil, T. 2003a. Distribution of Burnet moths in South Iran (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae). — Abstracts of the VIII International Symposium on Zygaenidae, Dresden - Germany, 10-14 September 2003: 28. Keil, T. 2003b. New data on the biology of Zygaena (Agrumenia) rosinae Korb, 1903 and Z. (A.) sengana Holik & Sheljuzhko, 1956 stat. rev. in South Iran (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae). — Abstracts of the VIII International Symposium on Zygaenidae, Dresden - Germany, 10—14 September 2003: 29, 30. Keil, T. 2003c. Attend [sic] for a new classification of the taxa around Zygaena rubricollis Hampson, 1900 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae). — Abstracts of the VIII International Symposium on Zygaenidae, Dresden - Germany, 10-14 September 2003: 31, 32. Keil, T. 2003d. New data on the biology of Zygaena haematina Kollar, 1849 and Z. fusca Hofmann, 2000 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae). — Abstracts of the VIII International Symposium on Zygaenidae, Dresden - Germany, 10-14 September 2003: 33, 34. Naumann, C. M. 1985. Zur Okologie und Biologie von Zygaena (Zygaena) christa Reiss & Schulte, 1967. — Nota lepidopterologica, Karlsruhe 8: 42-50. Naumann, C. M. 2000. Shahkuh — ein Traum wird wahr. — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart 110: 203-211. Reiss, H. 1937a. Neues über die Zygaenenfauna des Elbursgebirges und ihre Beziehungen zu den Fau- nen Nordafrikas und der Pyrenäenhalbinsel. — Entomologische Rundschau, Stuttgart 54: 452-456, 466-469. : Reiss, H. 1937b. Neues über die Zygaenenfauna des Elbursgebirges und ihre Beziehungen zu den Fau- nen Nordafrikas und der Pyrenäen-Halbinsel — Nachtrag. — Entomologische Rundschau, Stuttgart 55: 18-19, 30-32, 40-42. Reiss, H. 1938. Weiterer Ausschnitt über die Zygaenen-Fauna des Elbursgebirges. — Mitteilungen der Münchener entomologischen Gesellschaft 27 (1937): 164-169. Tremewan, W. G. 1976. Further notes on Zygaena Fabricius (Lep., Zygaenidae) from Iran. — Entomolo- gist’s Gazette, Brightwood 27: 215-220. Tremewan, W. G. 1977. On Zygaena Fabricius (Lep., Zygaenidae) collected in Iran in 1976. — Entomolo- gist’s Gazette, Brightwood 28: 223-227. Tremewan, W. G. 1985. Zygaenidae, pp. 74-123. — In: J. Heath & A. M. Emmet (eds), The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland 2: 460 pp., Colchester. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 53 Review of the genus Phocoderma Butler, 1886 (Zygaenoidea: Limacodidae) ALEXEY V. SOLOVYEV Dept. of Entomology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, RUS - 190 034, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: Solovyev_Alexey@mail.ru Abstract. The genus Phocoderma Butler, 1886 is reviewed. Three externally similar species have been associated with the genus so far; the synonymy of P. velutina (Kollar) and Natada rugosa Walker is verified and a new species, P. witti sp. n., is described (type locality: Myanmar, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon village, 550 m; holotype in Museum Witt Munich, Germany). The three recognized species differ in male genitalia and in several newly found external characters. Zusammenfassung. Die Gattung Phocoderma Butler, 1886 wird revidiert. 3 sehr ähnliche Arten wurden bisher in der Gattung beschrieben. Die Synonymie zwischen P. velutina (Kollar) und Natada rugosa Walker wird bestätigt und eine neue Art, P. witti sp. n., wird hier beschrieben (Typusort: Myanmar, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon village, 550 m; Holotypus im Museum Witt München, Deutschland). Die Arten unterscheiden sich deutlich in den männlichen Genitalien; auch einige neue Unterscheidungsmerkmale werden im Habitus festgestellt. Pe3r0me. K HaCTOSIHeMY BPEMEHH H3BECTHO TOJIBKO JIBa BuJla pona Phocoderma Butler, 1886, BHEIIIHe OYEHb moxoxux. B pe3ybTaTe ITOTO UCCHENOBAHHS Oba TIONTBEP>KJICHA CHHOHUMUA MEXJIY BuJIaMH P. velutina (Kollar) u Natada rugosa Walker u ormcaH HOBBIÜ JIA HaAYKH Buy P. wilti Sp. n. (THMOBaA MECTHOCTE: Myanmar, 21 km E Putao, Nan Sa Bon village, 550 m; rosıotun xpanutca B Museum Witt Munich, Germany). Buybi pona Phocoderma Butler, 1886 xopouwio oTmmuaroTca JIPYT OT Jpyra OCOGEHHOCTAMHA CTPOCHHA TEHHTAIIMM CaMUOB, HO TaKXKe ÖbIJIM HAÏJICHBI BHELIHNE JNATHOCTHYECKNE TIPA3HAKH. Introduction Phocoderma Butler (1886: 4) was described as monotypical with type species Gastropacha velutina Kollar (1844: 473). By 1886 two species names were associated with the genus — velutina and rugosa Walker, 1855, both from the Indian region; they were synonymized by Butler (1886). In 1896 Druce (1896: 236) described a new spe- cies, P. betis, from South-West China. Since that time the genus was believed to contain only two these species (Hering 1931: 720). As a result of this review, three valid species differing in male and female genitalia, characters of the labial palp and forewing pattern are recognized. The previous syn- onymy of P. velutina and Natada rugosa Walker was re-evaluated in the context of newly found characters. All characters usable for species identification are illustrated and distribution maps are given for each species. Material and methods This work includes a study of the type material of all species-level names associated with genus Phocoderma to verify their status. The female holotype of Gastropacha velutina was examined at the NMW (see list of abbreviations below), the types of both Natada rugosa Walker and Phocoderma betis Druce were studied at the BMNH. Also, numerous additional specimens were studied to analyze the geographical distribution Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536 54 SoLovyEv: Review of Phocoderma of all taxa and to test characters that might be usable for identification. Moths kept in the MWM formed the basis of this study; but material from ZSM, ZISP, NSMT, and BMNH was also considered, totaling approximately 200 specimens. Genital slides were prepared and stained using the method of Hardwick (1950), the vesica was inverted, and the genitalia were mounted in Euparal. The moth images were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 5400 E digital camera and the images of genital structures were taken through a MBS-10 binocular microscope and later re-worked using Corel Photo Paint 11. In the species descriptions below the ratios concerning labial palps always include scale covering. Abbreviations BMNH The Natural History Museum; London, Great Britain GU genital preparation MWM Entomological Museum Thomas J. Witt; Munich, Germany (to be transferred to ZSM) NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien; Vienna, Austria NSMT National Science Museum (Natural History); Tokyo, Japan ZISP Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten; Munich, Germany Results Phocoderma Butler, 1886 Phocoderma Butler, 1886: 4. Type-species: Gastropacha velutina Kollar, 1844: 473. Diagnosis. All species very similar in appearance and among the largest limacodids of the Oriental Tropics with wingspans of 51-72 mm (Figs 1-6). Ground colour various shades of brown. Body stout. Antennae bipectinate in male and filiform in female. Labial palps directed anteriorly (Figs 7-12). Proboscis vestigial, as long as first segment of labial palps, and spiraled in 1.5 turns. Foretibia with white distal patch. Species without sexual dimorphism, but females usually larger than males and more robust, with stouter body. Forewing elongate, with curved darker submarginal fascia parallel to external margin, and area basal to this divided by oblique line with subapical curvature. Venation identical in all species, conforming to ground plan of Limacodidae but with several diagnostic features (Fig. 13) (Holloway 1986: 100): forewing with medial stem branched distally; Sc slightly sinusoidal, Al+A2 with basal fork and with 6 pseudoneuria (or vestigial veins) from common stem of anal vein to lower margin of wing; R3+R4 stalked from R5. Hindwing with short oblique crossvein between Sc+R 1 and Rs. Male genitalia (Figs 14-20). Complying with limacodid ground plan (sensu Holloway 1986: 50); uncus simple, strong, wide basally, apically narrow; gnathos strong, curved at right angle medially; valvae without saccular process; transtilla interrupted medially (“hemitranstilla” of Stekolnikov & Kuznetzov 1981: 536) present; Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 55 Figs 1-6. Phocoderma spp. 1. P. velutina (Kollar), holotype, 9 (NWM). 2. P. velutina (Kollar), holotype of Natada rugosa Walker, © (BMNH). 3. P. velutina (Kollar); Borneo, Selatan, ©. 4. P. betis Druce, holotype, 9 (BMNH). 5. P. betis Druce; China, Simao, ©. 6. P. witti sp. n., holotype, 9 (MWM). Scale bar: 1 cm. phallus very long, mostly straight, with characteristic dorsoapical process of variable shape; juxta flattened, ellipsoidal (Fig. 14). Female genitalia (Figs 21-30). Both pairs of apophyses well developed, apo- physes posteriores 1.5 times longer than anteriores, as long as height of ovipositor lobes (Figs 21, 22); antrum strongly sclerotized, much broader than ductus bursae, curved; ductus bursae very long, spiraled; corpus bursae ovoid, with paired signum. Larva. Of the “nettle” type, as described below in specific account of P. velu- tina. Remarks. The genus consists of three species, one of them being described here as new. All three are very similar in appearance, but easily distinguished from one 56 SOLOVYEV: Review of Phocoderma i Figs 7-12. Labial palps of Phocoderma spp., S ©. 7. P. velutina (Kollar); Indonesia, Aceh (Sumatra). 8. The same without covering scales; Malaysia, Sabah (Borneo). 9. P. betis Druce; China, Shaanxi. 10. The same without covering scales. 11. P. witti sp. n., paratype; India, Assam. 12. The same without covering scales; paratype; Myanmar, Putao District. Scale bar: 1 mm. another by genitalic characters, especially by the shape of the apical process of the phallus. External diagnostic characters are also available: the ratio between the 3rd and the 2nd segments of the labial palps as well as characters of the apical curvature of the forewing’s postmedial line (for details see specific accounts). Distribution. From India to Sundaland, including Nepal, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Phocoderma velutina (Kollar, 1844) Figs 1-3, 7, 8, 15, 16, 21, 23—27, 31 Gastropacha velutina Kollar, 1844: 473. Type locality: [north India] “Himal., Massuri”. Holotype: 9, in NMW. Natada rugosa Walker, 1855: 1109. Type locality: “Scinde?”. Holotype: ©, in BMNH. Synonymy estab- lished by Butler (1886: 4). Natada velutina Kollar; Hampson 1892: 382; Hering 1933: 343. Phocoderma velutina Kollar; Butler 1886: 4; Leech 1899: 103; van Eecke 1925: 27; Holloway 1982: 40, pl. 2 fig. 24; Holloway 1986: 100, pl. 7 figs 163, 164, 168; Holloway 1990: 49, pl. 2 fig. 25; Yoshimoto 1994: 86. Phocoderma velutinum Kollar; Hering 1931: 720. Description. Male (Figs 2, 3, 7, 8). Expanse 45-60 mm, forewing length 20-26 mm. Ratio of length of 3rd : 2nd segments of labial palps from 1 : 10 to 1 : 3, and ratio of width of 3rd : 2nd segments from | : 6 to 1 : 2.5. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 sf! A3 A1+A2 Fig. 13. Wing venation of Phocoderma velutina (Kollar); Malaysia, Sabah (Borneo). Fig. 14. Male genitalia of Phocoderma witti sp. n., holotype, GU N° 10008. Scale bar: 5 mm. Apex of phallus oriented to the right. Male genitalia (Figs 15, 16). Uncus narrow with strong sclerotized apex. Gnathos long, strong, with slight curvature. Valvae elongate, of variable shape. Juxta lamellar. Phallus tube-shape, long, very narrow, slightly curved, with long narrow apical process, curved back at 30-40°. Ratio of length of valvae to length of phallus from 1 : 2.3 to 15:3. Female (Fig. 1). Expanse 51-72 mm, forewing length 23-30 mm. Ratio of length of 3rd : 2nd segment of labial palps from 1 : 5 to 1: 3, and of width of 3rd : 2nd segments from 1:7t01:1.5. Female genitalia (Figs 21, 23-27). Ductus bursae very long, narrow. Corpus bursae rounded, with diffused linear double signum. Shape of signum variable; ratio of length of maximal width of each half to its length from 1 : 10 to 1:5, and of medial width of each half to its length from 1 : 10 to 1:5. Diagnosis. Externally this species is very similar to P. betis Druce, but the subapical curvature of the forewing oblique line extending from the wing base to the submarginal fascia is more angular. Also very similar to P. witti sp. n., but the 3rd segment of the male labial palp is distinctly shorter than in both other species (see Descriptions). Gnathos strong, narrow, With weak curvature. Phallus longer than in P. betis, with narrow, strong and recurved apical process. Signum narrower than in P. betis. Biology. A mature larva is illustrated in colour by Lewvanich (2001: 95, fig. 64). Body with long scoli: length of dorsolateral scoli on segments T3, Al, A7, and A8 about 20 mm at maturity, other dorsolateral scoli 7 mm long, shorter than lateral ones. The ground colour of the body is different tints of green: from yellowish green to pale grayish green, including scoli; lateral and A8 dorsolateral scoli with black tips; scoli situated at intersections of network of transverse and longitudinal bands of ground 58 SOLOVYEV: Review of Phocoderma Figs 15-20. Apical part of phallus of Phocoderma spp. 15. P. velutina (Kollar), holotype of Natada rugosa Walker. 16. P. velutina (Kollar); Myanmar, Tenasserim, GU N° 10007 MWM. 17. P. betis Druce; China, Shaanxi, GU N° 9997 MWM. 18. P. betis Druce; China, Yunnan, GU N° 10010 MWM. 19. P. witti sp. n., paratype, GU N° 9995 MWM. 20. P. witti sp. n., holotype, GU N° 10008 MWM. Scale bar: 1 mm. colour enclosing horizontal blue ellipses dorsally and pale grayish green oblique ellipses laterally on each segment. The larvae are gregarious when young, living on the underside of leaves, eating the epidermis. They separate on the host-plant when larger and often defoliate whole trees. Pupation occurs on the soil surface in a solid, grey, rough ovoid cocoon (Holloway 1986: 100). The recorded host-plants are Lannea, Mangifera (Anacardiaceae), Sapium (Euphor- biaceae), Terminalia (Combretaceae), Bombax (Bombacaceae) (Holloway 1986: 100); Aleurites (Euphorbiaceae), Butea monosperma (Leguminosae), Nephelium lappaceum (Sapindaceae), Camelia sinensis (Theaceae) (Robinson et al. 2001: 323). The flight period is from March to December. The species has been found in habitats situated between altitudes of 150-1900 m and probably is bivoltine. Distribution (Fig. 31). India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia (Taman Negara), Borneo, Sumatra. Remarks. The synonymy of P. velutina (Kollar) and Natada rugosa Walker (Fig. 2) is verified on the basis of the external characters of the holotypes, by comparing the locations of their type localities, and by the distribution patterns of all Phocoderma Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 59 species. Unfortunately, the abdomen of the type specimen of P. velutina (Kollar) is strongly damaged (by pests?) and important characters have been lost. A preparation was made and only the ovipositor lobes were found undamaged. The labial palps are also broken. But rugosa and velutina are the only species of the genus known from north India. Phocoderma betis Druce, 1896 Figs 4, 5, 9, 10, 17, 18, 22, 28-30, 32 Phocoderma betis Druce, 1896: 236. Type locality: “China, Hunan”. Holotype: 9, in BMNH. Phocoderma betis Druce; van Eecke 1925: 27; Hering, 1931: 720. Description. Male (Figs 5, 9, 10). Expanse 42-60 mm, forewing length 20-30 mm. Forewing with subapical curvature of oblique line extending from basal part to submarginal fascia distinctly rounded, never joined with submarginal fascia. Ratio of length of 3rd : 2nd segment of labial palps from 1 : 3.5 to 1: 1.5, and of width of 3rd : 2nd segments from | : 3.5 to 1 : 1.5. Male genitalia (Figs 17, 18). Uncus narrow. Gnathos long, strong. Valvae elon- gate. Juxta lamellar. Phallus tube-shaped, long, narrow, slightly curved, with two apical parallel crest-shaped processes, distal crest with short medial point. Female (Fig. 4). Expanse 55-65 mm, forewing length 28-32 mm. Ratio of length of 3rd: 2nd segment of labial palps 1 : 2 to 1 : 1.5, and of width of 3rd : 2nd segments from 1:2to1: 1.5. Ratio of length of valvae to length of phallus from 1 : 2 to 1 : 2.2. Female genitalia (Figs 22, 29, 30). Ductus bursae very long, narrow. Corpus bursae rounded, with heart-shaped signum variable. Ratio of length of maximum width of lateral part of double signum to its length from 1 : 3.5 to 1 : 3, and medial width of lateral part of double signum to its length from 1 : 5 to 1 : 3.5. Diagnosis. Forewing pattern characteristic: subapical curvature of oblique line extend- ing from base to submarginal fascia distinctly rounded, much more so than in other two species, never joined with submarginal fascia. Third segment of labial palp in male longer than in P. velutina (Kollar), almost as long or a slightly longer than in P. witti sp. n. Phallus shorter than in other species, with two parallel crest-shaped apical processes. Signum broader than in P. velutina (Kollar), heart-shaped. Biology. Little known: flight period from May to September; the species was collected at altitudes of 800-3500 m. The immature stages are unknown. Distribution (Fig. 32). China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hunan, Guanxi, Simao and Yunnan), Northern Thailand (Changwat Nan), Northern Vietnam (Lai Chau). Phocoderma witti sp. n. Figs 6, 11, 12, 19, 20, 32 Material. Holotype ©, ‘Myanmar (Burma) | 21 km E Putao | Nan Sa Bon village | 550 m, 1-5.V.1998 | leg. Murzin & Sinjaev | Museum Witt’, “Genitalpräparat | Heterocera | Nr. 10.008 | Museum WITT München’, MWM. — Paratypes: 100°, same data as holotype. 70, Myanmar (Burma), Putao, 500 m, 27.1v.1996, leg. Murzin & Sinjaev, MWM (GU Nr. 9995). 30°, Myanmar N (Burma), Putao, H=500 m, 23.v.1998, leg. V. Murzin, V. Sinjaev, MWM. 70°, Myanmar (Burma), 65 km NE Putao, Zi Yar Dam 60 SoLovYEv: Review of Phocoderma Figs 21-22. Female genitalia of Phocoderma spp. 21. P. velutina (Kollar); India, Kerala, GU N° 10013 MWM. 22. P. betis Druce, type. Scale bar: 5 mm. Figs 23-30. Signum variability of Phocoderma spp. 23. P. velutina (Kollar); Sumatra, GU N° 634 JDH of BMNH. 24. P. velutina (Kollar); Nepal, GU N° 10029 MWM. 25. P. velutina (Kollar), GU N° 10002 MWM. 26. P. velutina (Kollar); Myanmar, Tenasserim, GU N° 10003 MWM. 27. P. velutina (Kollar); GU N° 11117 MWM. 28. P. betis Druce, type. 29. P. betis Druce; Thailand, Changwat Nan, GU N° 10001 MWM. 30. P. betis Druce; China, Sichuan, GU N° 11082 MWM. village, 950 m, 18-21.v.1998, leg. Murzin & Sinjaev, Museum Witt, MWM (GU Nr. 11.127). 10°, Myanmar (Burma), 16 km E Putao, Kaung Mu Lon village, 500 m, 28-30.1v.1998, leg. Murzin & Sinjaev, MWM (GU Nr. 12.301). 30°, NE-India, Assam, Nameri Nat. Park, 40 km N Tezpur, 150m, 27°20’N, 93°15’E, 24.v11.—2.v111.1997, leg. Sinjaev & Murzin, MWM (GU Nr. 11.128). 20°, NE-India, Assam, W. Meghalaya, Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25°40’N, 91°04’E, 1150 m, 2-13.v11.1997, leg. Afonin & Sinjaev, MWM (GU Nr. 10.012 and 11.129). 19, Naga Hills, 2500-5000 ft., vi-viii.1889, W. Doherty, ZISP. Description. Male (Figs 6, 11, 12). Coloration different tints of brown, tanned. Forewing pattern with oblique line extending from basal part to submarginal fascia with distinct curvature. Expanse 45-58 mm, forewing length 20-27 mm. Ratio of length of 3rd : 2nd segment of labial palps from 1 : 3 to 1 : 2.5, and of width of 3rd : 2nd segments from 23.910411: Male genitalia (Figs 14, 19, 20). Uncus narrow with strongly sclerotized apex. Gnathos long, strong, curved distally, distinctly hook-shaped. Valvae elongate. Juxta Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 61 | | < 7. | | S : Figs 31-32. Distribution of Phocoderma spp. 31. P. velutina (Kollar). 32. P. betis Druce (A) and P. witti sp. n. (m). Symbols in a circle represent a type locality. lamellar. Phallus tube-like, long, very narrow, slightly curved with short, broad, elongate, recurved dorsoapical process. Ratio of length of valvae to length of phallus #om 1: 2.3 to 1 : 3. Female. Unknown. Diagnosis. Externally this species is very similar to P. betis, but with the forewing subapical curvature of the oblique line extending from the base to the submarginal fascia more angular; without evident external differences with P. velutina, but 3rd segment of male labial palps as long or slightly smaller than in P. betis and longer and broader than in P. velutina. The hook-shaped gnathos and rounded apical process of the phallus are diagnostic; the phallus is longer than in P. betis. Biology. Little known. Flight period from mid April to early August. All specimens were collected at altitudes of 150-1250 m. Distribution (Fig. 32). North-east of India (Assam, Tezpur, Western Meghalaya), Northern Myanmar (district of Putao). Etymology. The species is dedicated to Mr. Thomas J. Witt (Munich, Germany) for his constant support of my investigations of limacodid moths. Conclusions Genus Phocoderma now consists of three species with one of them (P. witti) here described as new, while the synonymy of P. velutina and Natada rugosa was verified. Phocoderma velutina is the most widespread species of the genus. It is distributed from India and Nepal to Sundaland. In northern Myanmar and east India velutina flies in sympatry with P. witti and in northern Vietnam with P. betis. 62 SOLOVYEV: Review of Phocoderma The species of Phocoderma are very similar externally and the most useful features for species identification are in the male genitalia, especially the shape of the apical processes of the phallus: the single apical process of P. velutina is narrow, strong, curved basally; that of P. betis is made of two parallel sinusoidal crests; and that of P. witti is flat, broad basally, and rounded apically. Some useful external characters for identification were also found: the length of the 3rd segment of the male labial palps and the curvature of the forewing’s fasciae. The values of the ratios between the 3rd and 2nd segments of the labial palps are not discrete and should not be used for final species identification, but they are useful for sorting specimens. Nevertheless, the 3rd segment of the male labial palps in P. velutina is shorter than in the other species, while that of P. betis is longer, which was found to be unusual and remarkable. The ranges of values of these ratios are without distinct correlation to geographical distribution. The phylogenetic relationships of Phocoderma and other limacodid genera are not clear, but this genus was placed in the “paired signum section” of the family by Holloway (1986: 54). Therefore, it is considered to be close to Miresa Walker, Mahanta Moore, Scopelodes Westwood, Susica Walker, and Hyphorma Walker. Phocoderma moths have several unique or rare characters for limacodids. First of all, the length of the 3rd segment of the labial palps is not constant, showing great variability in ratios with the 2nd segment, and it differs in size between and within species. Secondly, the forewing has the medial stem branched distally and six pseudoneuria are present between the anal vein and the dorsal margin. Similar pseudoneuria can also be found in genus Mahanta Moore, but in different numbers, and this character can possibly represent a synapomorphy for these two genera. Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Vadim V. Zolotuhin (Ulyanovsk, Russia) for his great help and supervision during all stages of my research on the Limacodidae and for correcting this paper; to Mr. Thomas J. Witt (Munich, Germany) for his support of my work with material of the MWM and other museums; to Dr. Wolfgang Speidel (Munich, Germany) for linguistic help with the German abstract. I am very grateful to Mr. Martin Honey and Mr. Geoff Martin (BMNH) for the opportunity to study type material under their care and for technical support during my stay in London in 2005; to Dr. Sergey Yu. Sinev (ZISP) for his encouragement of my work in ZISP, to Dr. Martin Lédl and Dr. Sabine Gaal-Haszler (NHW) for technical support and for their help with my studies of the type material of Vincenz Kollar, to Dr. Axel Hausmann for his support of my work in ZSM, and to Dr. Mamoru Owada for sending NSMT material on loan. This study was supported financially by the Thomas Witt-Stiftung in 2005—2007 and by the Russian Federal program supporting leading scientific schools (NSh — 7130.2006.4). Images of the moths from the BMNH are published here under courtesy of The Trustees of the Museum. References Butler, A. G. 1886. Illustrations of typical specimens Lepidoptera-Heterocera in the collection of the Bri- tish Museum 6. — London. xv + 90 pp., ci-cxx pls. Druce, H. 1896. Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera from Hunan, central China. — Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (18): 235-236. Hampson, G. F. 1892. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths 1. — London. 527 pp: Nota lepid. 31 (1): 53-63 63 Hardwick, D. F. 1950. Preparation of slide mounts of lepidopterous genitalia. — Canadian Entomologist 82: 231-235. Hering, M. 1931. Limacodidae. — In: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 10: 665-720, 4 pls. Hering, M. 1933. Limacodidae. — Jn: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 2: 339-347. Holloway, J. D. 1982. — In: H. S. Barlow. An Introduction to the Moths of South East Asia. — Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur & E. W. Classey, Faringdon, U.K. 305 pp. Holloway, J. D. 1986. The Moths of Borneo: Key to Families; Families Cossidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardi- dae, Dugdeonidae, Epipyropidae and Limacodidae. — The Malayan Nature Journal 4: 1—166. Holloway, J. D. 1990. The Limacodidae of Sumatra. — Heterocera Sumatrana 6: 9-77. Kollar, V. 1844. Lepidoptera. — Jn: C. F. von Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, vol. 4, part 2, Aufzählung und Beschreibung der von Freiherrn Carl v. Hügel auf seiner Reise durch Kaschmir und das Himaleyagebirge gesammelten Insecten. — Stuttgart: 397-496. Leech, J. H. 1899. Lepidoptera Heterocera from Northern China, Japan and Corea. Part II. — Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1899: 99-219. Lewvanich, A. 2001. Lepidopterous Adults and Larvae. — Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. 230 pp. (in Thai). Robinson, G. S., P. P. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernandez 2001. Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region. — The Natural History Museum and Southdene SDN BHD. 744 pp. Stekolnikov, A. A. & V. I. Kuznetzov 1981. Functional Morphology of the male genitalia and notes on the system of the subfamily Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). — Entomological Review 60 (3): 535-549. (in Russian). Van Eecke, R. 1925. Fam. Cochlidionidae (Limacodidae). — /n: E. Strand (ed.), Lepidopterum Catalogus 32: 5-79. Walker, F. 1855. Lepidoptera Heterocera, part 5. — List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum: 977-1257. Yoshimoto, H. 1994. Limacodidae. — Moths of Nepal 3. — Tinea 14 (Suppl. 1): 85-89. 64 Book reviev Toropov, S.A. & A.B. Zhdanko. 2006. The butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Dzhungar, Tien Shan, Alai and Eastern Pamirs. Vol. 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae. — Bishkek, Kirghizia. — 383 pp., 729 figs in colour. Size 297 x 213 mm. Hardcover (ISBN 9967-23). Obtainable via S.A. Toropov, Chokmorov str. 300, apt. 6, Bishkek 720010, Kyrgyzstan. Phone/Fax: 996-312 654745. E-mail: storopov @elcat.kg; www.satento.kg. This new book is considerably different from all other works on the butterflies of Central Asia pub- lished during the past few years (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994; Tshikolovets, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2005, etc.). It covers the territory of Kyrgyzstan, south-eastern Kazakhstan, eastern Uzbekistan, and eastern Tajikistan (Pamirs), which includes many hardly accessible mountain ridges and highlands that are extremely interesting faunistically. The first volume is devoted to the Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Satyridae, which include 145 species in the region. The second volume treating the remaining butterfly taxa will be published soon. The text consists of a small preface and very short but informative species essays written both in Russian and English. For every species the latin name, type locality, general distribution, habitats, flight-time, and host plants are mentioned. This is accompanied with color photos of the butterflies (male and female, sometimes from the underside as well) and dotted maps of distribution within the region of study. The special feature of the book is its high-quality photos of biotopes, butterflies and larvae in nature, and host plants. The bibliography is rather short and includes only the most important or the very last publications. Misprints (Erebia kalmuca instead of E. kalmuka; Paralasa kuznezovi instead of P. kusnezovi; a few wrong dates of publication) are scarce and probably inevitable in such a large work. As a whole the book is well done and has both scientific and artistic value. This is quite comprehen- sible because its authors are very experienced field workers and the second author is a qualified tax- onomist and photographer. This book will be very useful for professional lepidopterists, amateurs, and anyone interested in the butterfly fauna of the wonderful mountain lands of Central Asia. ALEXANDR Lvovsky & SERGEY SINEV Nota lepid. 31 (1): 65-68 65 A new species of Agdistis Hübner, 1825 from Tajikistan (Pterophoridae) FLORIAN ALTERMATT Florian Altermatt, Zoological Institute, Universität Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel; e-mail: faltermatt@bluewin.ch Abstract. Agdistis tugai, sp. n., is described based on two females collected in south Tajikistan. The habitat is a so-called tugai forest that consists of Populus diversifolia Schrenk trees and tamarisk shrubs (Tamarix sp.). The forest is surrounded by steppe. The adult and the female genitalia are illustrated. The type specimens will be deposited in the collection of the Natural History Museum of Basel, Switzerland (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel). Records for five other Pterophoridae species from Tajikistan are also given. Introduction Members of the genus Agdistis Hiibner [1825] occur in the whole Palaearctic and are especially found in coastal areas and in Central Asian steppes (Arenberger 1995). About 100 species of Agdistis are known to date (Gielis 2003). The knowledge on Central Asian Pterophoridae is still incomplete, but the information regarding the genus Agdistis was summarized by Arenberger (1995). Because some countries of the area can now be accessed more easily, their attraction increased and several descriptions of new species followed (e.g. Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin 2006; Arenberger 1995, 2002; Ustjuzhanin 2001; Zagulajev 1990, 1996). Here I describe a new species of the genus Agdistis found in southern Tajikistan, close to the Afghan border. The species can be recognized easily by the female genitalia. It occurs in the only remaining large Populus diversifolia Schrenk (Salicaceae) forest at the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj riv- ers. Agdistis tugai sp. n. (Figs 1-3) Material. Holotype 9, “TJ [Tajikistan] Tigrovaya Balka | Karalyevskaya Dacha | E 68° 23’ 10” | N 37° 14’ 00”, 316 m | 6./7.vii.2007 LF | leg. F. Altermatt’, ‘Holotype | Agdistis tugai Altermatt Q | det. F Altermatt’. — Paratype: 1 9, ‘TJ [Tajikistan] Tigrovaya Balka | E 68° 24’ 35.9” | N 37° 14’ 29.8”, 330 m | 5.v11.2007 LF | leg. F. Altermatt’, ‘Paratype | Agdistis tugai Altermatt Q | det. F Altermatt’. The holotype and paratype are deposited in the NHMB. Description. Adult female (Fig. 1). Alar expanse 26 mm, forewing length 14.5 mm. Head whitish to pale grey, frons creamy white with brown scales left and right of bulge. Lapial palpus creamy white to greyish, posterior end of each segment with few brown scales. Antenna grey, proboscis well developed. Vertex creamy white to grey with few brown scales. Forewing not cleft, whitish to greyish white with brown scales, speckled. Central field homogenously grey and slightly darker than rest of wing. Four brown costal markings: two most proximal markings well developed, two distal ones suffused and hardly visible. Four markings at dorsal margin of fold, 4" obliquely above 3", sometimes also fused. Cilia mostly white, dark grey on dorsal edge. Hindwing greyish, Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536 66 ALTERMATT: À new species of Agdistis Hübner Figs 1-3. Agdistis tugai sp. n. 1. Holotype, female. Scale bar 10 mm. 2. Female genitalia and 7th sternite. Scale bar 1 mm. 3. Habitat: a tugai forest with Populus diversifolia trees and tamarısk shrubs (photo by T. Stalling). plain-coloured. All legs whitish with brown scales; distal end of hindleg’s 1* tarsomere brown. Caudal end of 7" sternite deeply carved. Male. Unknown. Female genitalia (Fig. 2). Apophyses anteriores absent. Apophyses posteriores long and slender, about 1.8 times length of papillae anales. Anterior third of papillae Nota lepid. 31 (1): 65-68 67 anales conspicuously sclerotized. Antrum weakly sclerotized; caudal end (ostium) with two stub-shaped appendages fraying out at inner edge. Ductus bursae with weekly scle- rotized collar. Corpus bursae without sclerites. Diagnosis. Agdistis tugai sp. n. can be distinguished from most other Agdistis species by the absence of anterior apophyses, the weakly sclerotized antrum (exceptional in this genus) and the deeply carved 7" sternite. Agdistis tugai has only stub-shaped ap- pendages on the antrum. The antrum of A. fugai is somewhat similar to the antrum of A. mevlaniella Arenberger, 1972, but the latter species has pronounced apophyses an- teriores. The apophyses posteriores are relatively longer in A. fugai than in the recently described Agdistis karakalensis Zagulajev, 1990 (apophyses posteriores as long as pa- pillae anales) and Agdistis karabachica Zagulajev, 1990 (apophyses posteriores about 1.2 times the length of papillae anales). Habitat. A Populus diversifolia forest in Tigrovaya Balka. It is a typical riparian flood- plain forest known as “tugai” where bushes of Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) are com- mon. Surrounded by steppe and desert and covering an area of about 50 km’, Tigrovaya Balka is the largest remaining tugai forest. The forested area is officially protected (with the status of a “Zapovednik”) and lies close to a prohibited zone at the country border. Nevertheless, the forest is highly threatened by illegal logging and desertification. Distribution. The two available specimens were collected at two close-by sites in the Tigrovaya Balka in south Tajikistan. The sites are located about 15 km north-north-east of the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers. The species might also occur in the neighboring countries of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Life history. Unknown. Etymology. The name is taken from the habitat type at the type locality, which is known as a “tugai” forest. Faunistic remarks. I have collected one female of Agdistis mevlaniella Arenberger, one female of Agdistis tamaricis (Zeller), and one male of Crombrugghia distans (Zeller) at the same locality and date as the holotype. I have also collected one male Of Marasmarcha colossa Chapman and two females of Tabulaephorus maracandicus Arenberger & Buchsbaum at another location west of Dushanbe (Sharinav/Chotsch, E 68° 25’ 10”, N 38° 27’ 56”, 1800 m; 2.v11.2007). All individuals were collected at a light trap (12 W) during the first half of the night. Acknowledgements I thank Raffael Aye for his support before, during, and after the trip and Thomas Stalling for accompanying me during the light catches. Ernst Arenberger provided important taxonomic remarks and made helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was financed from my own purse. References Alipanah, H. & P. Ustjuzhanin 2006. A new species, a new synonym, and new distribution records in the genus Agdistis Hübner, 1825 from Iran (Pterophoridae: Agdistinae). — Nota lepidopterologica 29 (3/4): 177-184. 68 ALTERMATT: À new species of Agdistis Hübner Arenberger, E. 1995. Pterophoridae. — In: H. G. Amsel, F Gregor & H. Reisser, Microlepidoptera Palae- arctica Vol. 9. - Georg Fromme, Vienna, xxv + 258 pp., 153 pls. Arenberger, E. 2002. Eine neue Agdistis aus Zentralasien (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae). — Carinthia 2: 607-614. Gielis, C. 2003. World Catalogue of Insects. Vol. 4: Pterophoroidea & Alucitoidea (Lepidoptera). — Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 198 pp. Ustjuzhanin, P.Y. 2001. New species, distribution records and synonymies of plume moths (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) from the Palaearctic region. — Nota lepidopterologica 24 (3): 11-32. Zagulajev, A. K. 1990. New species of moths (Lepidoptera: Tineidae, Incurvariidae, Brachodidae, Ptero- phoridae) of the fauna of the USSR. IV. — Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 69 (1): 102-117. Fig. 1-9. Zagulajev, A. K. 1996. New and little known species of moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae, Tineidae, Ptero- phoridae, Alucitidae) of the fauna of Russia and neighbouring territories. — Entomologicheskoe Oboz- renie 75 (1): 117-131. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75 69 Caryocolum siculum sp. n. (Gelechiidae), feeding on Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) in Sicily SALVATORE BELLA Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie (Di.S.Te.F.), Universita di Catania. Via S. Sofia, 100. 95123 Catania, Italy; e-mail: sbella@unict.it Abstract. Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Central and South-Eastern Sicily (Italy) is described. Its larva feeds inside the internode of stems of Gypsophila arrostii Guss. (Caryophyllaceae). Morphological and bioethological data on adult, larva and pupa are provided. Riassunto. L’ Autore sulla base della diversa conformazione delle strutture genitali di entrambi 1 sessi, descrive Caryocolum siculum Sp. n. Il nuovo taxon, appartenente al petryi-gruppo, € stato ottenuto dal- l’allevamento delle larve rinvenute nella Sicilia centrale (Monti Erei, Agira) e sud-orientale (Monti Iblei, Vizzini), le larve si nutrono e vivono all’ interno del fusto della Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila arrostii Guss. Vengono forniti dati morfologici e bioetologici relativi ad adulto, larva e pupa, ottenuti da osservazioni effettuate direttamente sul campo ed in laboratorio. Introduction In the present paper a new species of Caryocolum, recently discovered in Central and South-Eastern Sicily (Iblei and Erei Mountains), is described. It was obtained from larvae feeding in galls of Gypsophila arrostii Guss. (Caryophyllaceae). The genus Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954, includes about 70 described spe- cies. In Europe more than 50 species are recorded (Karsholt 2004), of which 28 occur in Italy; in Sicily only two species are dubiously recorded (Huemer & Karsholt 1995; Karsholt & Huemer 1995). Species of the genus Caryocolum have specialized in feed- ing exclusively on plants of the family Caryophyllaceae (Huemer 1988). Abbreviations TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Caryocolum siculum sp. n. Material. Holotype: ©, Italy, Sicily, Prov. Catania, Iblei Mts., Vizzini, Contrada Rubalà, surround- ings of Poggio del Vecchio, 320 m, 22.vi.2003, e.l. on Gypsophila arrostii, S. Bella leg. (genitalia slide 0074 S. Bella; coll. TLMF). — Paratypes: 19, same data as holotype, but 26.v.1999, e.l. on G. arrostii, S. Bella leg. (genitalia slide GU03/1202 P. Huemer; coll. TLMF); 40, 89, same data as holotype (including 19,30 genitalia slides) but 22.vi.-7.v11.2003, e.l. on G. arrostii, S. Bella leg. et coll.; 30°, 49, same data as holotype, but 15.—20.vi.2004, e.l. on G. arrostii, S. Bella leg. et coll.; 50, 49, Prov. Enna, Frei Mts., Agira, Vallone di Piano della Corte, Contrada Urselluzzo, 500 m, 20.-27.v1.2003 (including 19, 10° genitalia slides), e.l. on G. arrostii, S. Bella leg. et coll.; 10°, 79, same data as holotype, but east of Lago Dirillo, 400 m, 27.iv.2006, e.l. on G. arrostii, leg. O. Karsholt (coll. ZMUC). Diagnosis. The new taxon is well distinguishable from related species by its habitus and characters of the male and female genitalia. Genitalia characters are somewhat intermediate between species of the petryi-group and the saginella-group. As far as Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536 70 BELLA: Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Sicily known species of theses groups are gall inducers in the larval stage. C. siculum sp. n. differs from the most similar spe- cies, such as C. petryi (O. Hofmann, 1899) and C. inflativorella (Klimesch, 1938), by the peculiar shape of the sac- culus and the apically rounded tip of the valva, and in the females by the largely reduced sclerotized antrum. Fig. 1. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., holotype. Description of adult. Holotype, © (Fig. 1). Wingspan 12 mm. Head ochreus, scales on vertex tipped dark brown with basal part ochreus. Labial palpi moderately recurved; second segment with median scales cream, outer surface with brush of short raised cream scales and with scattered brown scales; third segment dark brown mottled with cream scales. Antenna fuscous brown, alternately ringed dark brown and cream below; antennal scape with distal part cream. Thorax cream, prothorax and mesos- cutellum apically dark brown. Tegula dark brown, distal part light brown. Forewing rather lanceolate; dark brown, scattered with cream scales, orange-brown spot in sub- basal part, two irregular, large and fused spots from dorsal margin to central part of wing, cream costal and tornal spots usually confluent forming fascia or separate by dis- tinct brownish orange spot; fringes ochreus with distinct brown apical cilia. Hindwing light greyish brown, fringes ochreus. Underside of forewing light brown. Underside of hindwing whitish with light brown anterior margin. Foreleg with coxa and femur dark brown, tibia and tarsus dark brown mottled with whitish, with whitish final ring at dis- tal part of each segment; midleg whitish mottled with few brown scales on outer side, tibia and tarsus as foreleg; hindleg with outer side dark brown scattered with whitish, spurs and inner side whitish, dorsal whitish scales of tibia elongated. Abdomen cream. Q similar to ©, body size slightly larger. SO genitalia (Figs 2-5). Valva long, slender, weakly curved, rounded at tip; saccu- lus two-thirds length of valva, broad, with small, pointed tip; vinculum stout, posterior margin undulated, with pair of almost rectangular projections, medial incision slight; saccus long, slender; transtilla with few minute spines; anellus with pair of long sclero- tizations; phallus long, slender, moderately S-curved, apically with minute cornuti. 9 genitalia (Figs 6-9). Eighth segment without process; ventromedial plate with folds, two lateromedial pairs well developed; apophyses posteriores about three times length of apophyses anteriores; antrum broad, short, funnel shaped; ductus bursae with pair of long narrow lateral sclerotizations; signum of medium size with large base and short, strong, moderately curved hook. Immature stages. Larva (Fig. 10). Length of mature larva 10 mm. Body pale yellow. Head black with 6 pale yellow ocelli. Prothoracic plate well sclerotised, black, with distinct medial sulcus, line of internal margin not homogeneous. Prothorax with light brown spot around the three prespiracular setae. Thoracic legs well devel- Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75 71 Figs 2-5. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., male genitalia. 2. Holotype, PG 0074 (phallus removed). 3. Paratype, PG 0083 (phallus removed). 4. Phallus, enlarged, dorsolateral view, PG 0082. 5. Phallus, enlarged, lateral view, PG 0083. oped; first and second pairs dark brown with inner side pale yellow, third pair light brown with inner side pale yellow. Spiracles of prothoracic and abdominal segment 8 with narrow rounded dark brown area. Prolegs (3-6 and 10 abdominal segments) cy- lindrical, reduced, with complete crown of small brown crotchets arranged biordinally (on anal prolegs anterior half of crown absent). Anal plate brown. Pupa (Fig. 11). General characters as reported by Patocka (1989); 6.0-8.5 mm in length; uniformly reddish brown; cremaster dorsally with two triangular projections in lateral position. Distribution. Central and South-Eastern Sicily (Italy). Iblei Mountains, Province of Catania, Vizzini, Contrada Rubala, surroundings of Poggio del Vecchio, 320-400 m (UTM VB 7508). Province of Enna, Erei Mountains, Agira, Vallone di Piano della Corte, Contrada Urselluzzo, 500 m (UTM VB 5767). Etymology. The name siculum refers to the island on which the new species was dis- covered. Life history. The larva lives and feeds in the stem of the hostplant, causing an inter- nodal gall (Fig. 12 a). The diameter of the Gypsophila stems is about 2-3 mm, whereas the stems with the galls are 4-6 mm wide. The length of the internodes varies from 20-50 mm; inside the gall the free space where the larva lives is 15-18 mm. The larva pupates within the feeding-place where it prepares an emergence hole; the pupa is not extruded on emergence. The shape of the hole in section is circular, with a diameter of 72 BELLA: Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Sicily Figs 6-9. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., female genitalia. 6. Allotype, PG 0075. 7. Idem, enlarged. 8. Idem, signum, enlarged, dorsal view. 9. Signum, enlarged, lateral view, PG 0081. mm. The opening of the hole is free, but using setae and few small fragments of fibre of the stem (only on the outer surface) the larva builds a thin cover near it- with the lateroposterior margin fixed to inside walls of the gall whereas the anterior margin is easily lifted (Fig. 12 b). The larva can be found from April to late June. The possibility to breed larvae at different stages simultaneously allowed making some observations on the biological cycle. Some galls with mature larvae, taken from their natural habitat, were transferred to the laboratory and bred under natural environmental conditions. Biological data were obtained from continuous observations carried out on four mature larvae just before they pupated. Two larvae pupated on 15.vi.2003, both remaining in this stage for 18 days at an average daily temperature of 28°C; the emerging adult females Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75 Fig. 10-11. Caryocolum siculum sp. n.. 10. larva: head and prothoracic plate. 11. pupal cremaster, dorsal view. Figs 12. Caryocolum siculum sp. n., gall. a. Stem of Gypsophila arrostii with an internodal gall; b. Vertical section showing the horizontal cover near the opening. survived 36 and 30 days respectively at an average daily temperature of 28.5°C. Another larva pupated on 4.v1.2003, re- maining in this stage for 18 days, at an average daily temperature of 25.5°C; the resulting adult male survived for 24 days at an average daily temperature of 28°C. The last larva pupated on 22.v1.2003 at an average daily temperature of 28°C and the adult emerged after 16 days. The aver- age daily temperature was calculated over 24 hours; moreover, the days of survival of adults refer to specimens that were not fed. Despite the high number of obtained specimens, no mating and no oviposition were observed in the laboratory despite the presence of host plants. In its habi- tat the moth rests during the day on the substratum, between leaf-litter and rocks. Because of its mimetic colouration it is very difficult to see; if disturbed, it flies quickly for short distances. After numer- ous years of nocturnal collecting with mercury-vapour lamps at the type locality no Specimen was ever collected. In the laboratory the adults do not seem to be phototropic. This species seems to be univoltine like other species of the genus. Ecology. Gypsophila arrostii is a characteristic species of thermo-xerophilous peren- nial steppic grasslands of South Italy and Sicily (Fig. 13). It is currently ascribed to the association Avenulo-Ampelodesmion mauritanici Minissale where the dominant spe- cies is Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poiret) Dur. et Sch. (Minissale 1995). A recent floristic study (Turrisi 1999) recorded 406 species of vascular plants for the territory of the Vizzini river valley, but only four Caryophyllaceae: Silene vulgaris 74 BELLA: Caryocolum siculum sp. n. from Sicily ARTS, = VE RER 2 ET ER eT es ES TUR = xe PAA AR SEAS) Fig. 13. Type locality of Caryocolum siculum sp. n. on Sicily, Iblei Mountains, Vizzini, Contrada Rubala, 320-400 m. (Moench) Garcke, S. alba (Miller) Krause, S. fuscata Link and Gypsophila arrostii Guss. The latter, dedicated to the Sicilian botanist A. Arrosto, is a suffrutex with an Eastern-Mediterranean distribution that grows on calcareous and sedimentary soils from 0 to 800 m a.s.l.; in Italy it is presently recorded only from four meridional re- gions: Apulia, Lucania, Calabria, and Sicily (Pignatti 1982). Remarks. In both collecting sites much human activities affect the conservation of ecosystems. The main problems are pasture, reforestation, and fires. The site near Agira is included in the Nature Reserve of “Vallone di Piano della Corte”, whereas for the area of Vizzini the WWF recently requested that the regional authorities protect the ter- ritory through the establishment of a new nature reserve. Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to Dr Peter Huemer (Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria) and to Mr Ole Karsholt (Zoologisk Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) for their essential scien- tific assistance for the description of the new taxon and for revising the manuscript. For their help during field-work I am grateful to my sister Cettina Bella (San Gregorio di Catania, Italy) and to my colleagues Giuseppe Fabrizio Turrisi (Catania, Italy), Rosario Ennio Turrisi (Zafferana Etnea, Italy), and Vincenzo Cavalieri (Ragusa, Italy). Nota lepid. 31 (1): 69-75 75 References Huemer, P. 1988. A taxonomic revision of Caryocolum (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). — Bulletin of the Bri- tish Museum Natural History (Entomology) 57 (3): 439-571. Huemer, P. & O. Karsholt 1995. Lepidoptera Gelechiidae. pp. 28-40. — In: A. Minelli, S. Ruffo & S. La Posta, Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 83. — Calderini, Bologna. Karsholt, O. 2004. Gelechiidae. — Jn: O. Karsholt & E. J. Nieukerken, Lepidoptera: Moths. — Fauna Europaea. — URL: www.faunaeur.org (visited 19 april 2007). Karsholt, O. & P. Huemer 1995. Additions and corrections to the Gelechiidae fauna of Italy (Lepidoptera). — Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura (ser. 2) 27: 1-17. Minissale, P. 1995. Studio fitosociologico delle praterie ad Ampelodesmos mauritanicus della Sicilia. — Coll. Phytosociol., Camerino 21: 615-652. Patoëka, J. 1989. Über die Puppen der mitteleuropäischen Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera). 5. Teil, Tribus Gno- rimoschemini. — Véstnik Ceskoslovensk Spoleénosti Zoologicke, Praha 53: 123-140. Pignatti S. 1982. Flora d’Italia. — Edagricole, Bologna, 3 vols, 2360 pp. Turrisi, R. E. 1999. Contributo alla conoscenza della flora di Vizzini (area iblea, Sicilia sud-orientale). — Annali del Museo civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara 2: 5-31. 76 Book reviev Gozmäny, L. 2008. Symmocidae. — /n: R. Gaedike (ed.), Microlepidoptera Palaearctica 13. - Goecke & Evers, Keltern. 558 pp. — ISBN 978-3-937783-34-5. [in German]. The Hungarian lepidopterist Laszl6 Gozmäny (9.x1.1921 — 15.x11.2006) had already written two volumes for the book series Microlepidoptera Palaearctica, i.e. volume 5 on Lecithoceridae (1978) and volume 10 on Holcopogonidae (2000). After many years of work he completed his last volume, treating the Symmocidae. The manuscript was submitted in 1998, but constraints for which he was not responsible caused a long delay until publication. Laszl6 Gozmäny submitted corrections to the manuscript until the end of 2005, but he did not see the publication of the volume as he died in 2006. An obituary to Läszlö Gozmäny, an honorary member of Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica, was published in Nota lepidopterologica 30, 2007: 5-6. The Symmocidae are in all probability a true Old World group. Despite a few taxa introduced by man to the New World, as well as some that are placed with uncertainty in this family, most species of Symmocidae occur in the dry and arid areas from the Mediterranean via Iran and Afghanistan to Mongolia and southern China. Just 16 species occur outside the Palaearctic region. The group still deserves a lot of research, e.g. records on the life history are available for only less then 10 species. So far as known, larvae are negative phototrophic and feed on detritus or bryophytes. A major problem with Symmocidae is related to species identification, which until now has been very difficult or even impossible. Therefore, the new volume of Microlepidoptera Palaearctica is highly welcome. The book is arranged in the following chapters: (1) preface by the editor, (2) introduction, (3) acknowl- edgements, (4) general conspectus dealing with morphology, life history, distribution and systematics of Symmocidae, genitalia preparation techniques and a systematic index with page numbers for text and figures to the genera and species treated in the book, (4) the systematic part, (5) distribution of the species, (6) references, (7) list of abbreviations used, (8) list of label data of all specimens figured as adult or genitalia, (9) figures of male genitalia, (9) figures of female genitalia, (10) figures of the adults, (11) abstract, (12) annex listing nomenclatural changes since the submission of the manuscript by the author, and (13) alphabetical index to the taxa treated in the book. The main part of the volume, the systematic part, comprises 240 pages. It starts with a diagnosis of the Symmocidae, a key to the genera (followed by page numbers) followed by the treatment of the genera. The treatment of each genus starts with a diagnosis, a key to the included species, and species treatments. Each species treatment starts with the reference of the original description, followed by information on type material, relevant literature, diagnostic features, life history (if known), distribu- tion, remarks, and a differential diagnosis. The systematic part is completed with a list of the five gen- era and 22 species excluded from the Symmocidae. Every species is coupled with an individual code number (1-248) referring to the information given in the subsequent distribution table, the line draw- ings of the male and female genitalia, as well as the watercolours of the adults, painted by FrantiSek Gregor (Brno). The systematic treatment covers 248 species, including the descriptions of seven new genera and 54 new species. Nine genus-group names and 28 species-group names are synonymised, and 40 new generic combinations are provided. Additionally, six species are regarded as incertae sedis due to their untraced type specimens and insufficient original descriptions. Thus, volume 13 of Microlepidoptera Palaearctica is more than a comprehensive treatment of the Symmocidae, it is a taxonomic revision that highly updates our knowledge of the group. It enables the user to identify the species, using the identification keys, the informative illustrations and / or the text. A systematic and an alphabetical in- dex guarantee that every taxon can be found quickly. Unfortunately, the German Research Foundation (DFG) provided no financial support for printing the volume, which was the first time in the his- tory of Microlepidoptera Palaearctica. As a result, the book is available for 390.00 € (subscription: 348.00 €) per copy. Unfortunately, this price will put it out of reach of most amateurs and many librar- ies, but everybody who wants to work on Symmocidae will undoubtedly need this book MATTHIAS Nuss Nota lepid. 31 (1): 77 Vo On the generic affiliation of the taxon efflexa Xiao & Li, 2006 (Tineidae) REINHARD GAEDIKE FlorusstraBe 5, 53225 Bonn, Germany; e-mail: tinagma@msn.com Abstract. The taxon efflexa Xiao & Li, 2006, described in the genus Montetinea, is transferred to the genus Crypsithyris, according to close relationships recognised in external characters of the adults and male and female genitalia. In 2006, Xiao & Li described a new moth species from China, Montetinea efflexa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). However, the illustrations provided for the habitus, male, and female genitalia show very close relationships with members of Crypsithyris Meyrick, 1907. Particularly characteristic 1s the shape of the sclerotizations in the corpus bursae, which is only known from Crypsithyris. This character has been previously illustrated for Crypsithyris by Xiao & Li (2005). Because of the presence of this character and the absence of contradicting, most parsimonious arguments, the taxon efflexa Xiao & Li has to be considered as a member of Crypsithyris Meyrick and is transferred herewith to this genus: Crypsithyris efflexa (Xiao & Li, 2006), comb. nov. Although Xiao & Li (2006) mention that they describe the female genitalia of Montetinea Petersen, 1957 for the first time, this is incorrect. As early as 1962, Parenti described the female genitalia of Montetinea montana Petersen, 1957 and provided some important records on the life history of the species. The specimens mentioned by Parenti (1962) were found in a cave with bat guano, which indicates that the larvae might be coprophagous, but not lichenophagous as it has been presumed earlier (Petersen 1957). References Parenti, U. 1962: Montetinea montana, Microlepidottero Eutroglofilo dell’ Appennino Emiliano. — Archivio Botanico e Biogeografico Italiano 38 (4. Serie vol. VII (2/3): 1-7, —pls 1-2. Petersen, G. 1957: Die Genitalien der paläarktischen Tineiden (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). — Beiträge zur Entomologie 7 (3/4): 338-379, Figs 150—203, 1 pl. Xiao, Y. L. & H. H. Li 2005: A systematic study on the genus Crypsithyris Meyrick, 1907 from China (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). — Shilap, Revista lepidopterologica 33 (129): 17-23, 3 figs. Xiao, Y. L. & H. H. Li 2006: The genus Montetinea new to China, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). — Entomological News 117 (5): 535-539, 5 figs. Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536 { Yes Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 79 Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 by taxon and author names, with publication dates REINHARD GAEDIKE Florusstraße 5, 53225 Bonn, Germany; e-mail: tinagma@msn.com The treasurer of the SEL, Robert Trusch, in the name of the Council, asked me to list the new taxa (genera, species) that have been published in the first 30 volumes of Nota lepidopterologica. In my opinion it was also important to list other relevant nomencla- torial and taxonomic changes that have been published in the journal. In the following list in alphabetical order, beside new taxa, the following nomencla- tural changes are included: comb. n., stat. n., stat. rev., syn. n., bona sp., sp. rev., nom. n., LT (lectotype designation), and NT (neotype designation). In some papers the original genus names were not listed and it was impossible for me to find them. The changes proposed in the two papers by von Mentzer (1984, 1989) concerning the names of genera used by Denis & Schiffermüller, were not listed (see: Sattler, 1989). Following the index of taxa all papers published in the first 30 volumes of Nota are listed in alphabetical order of first author name, and finally the exact dates of publica- tion for each issue of the journal are listed. Altogether, 782 scientific papers were published. They contain the descriptions of one new family, one new subfamily, one new tribe, 23 new genera, two new subgenera, 321 new species, and 36 new subspecies. They also contain 240 new synonymies, 178 new combinations, 66 changes of status, 25 new names, one nomen protectum, and 118 lectotype and 19 neotype designations. Infrasubspecific taxa were not considered. Additionally, 37 obituaries and biographies/bibliographies have been published. Index of taxa Acidromodes gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 59 actis Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 (Lycaena), LT; now: Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) — Olivier 2000 (1.v11.) 23 (2): 105 acutana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Bactra furfurana (Haworth, 1811) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 96 acutangula Staudinger, 1892 (var. of Agrotis rectangula), stat. n.; now: Chersotis acutangula — Mikkola et al. 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 149 adamana Kennel, 1919 (Tortricodes), comb. n.; now: Amphicoecia — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 233 adriatica sp. n. (Ceratoxanthis) — Elsner & Jaros 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 221 Nota lepidopterologica, 15.05.2008, ISSN 0342-7536 80 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 aegrota Butler, 1877 (Lithosia), stat. n.; now: Eilema (Collina) vetusta aegrota — Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 35 aemula sp. n. (Phyllonorycter) — Triberti et al. 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 86 aerobatis Meyrick, 1924 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 aetherias Meyrick, 1927 (Orinympha), comb. n.; now: Atemelia — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 35 afghana sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 241 afrohispana sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 63 Aglossochloris Prout, 1912 (Geometridae), stat. n.; now: subgenus of Thetidia Bois- duval, 1840 — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 30 agutsaensis Sp. n. (Scopula) — Vasilenko 1997 (10.x1ii.) 20 (3/4): 322 ahasveros Bytinski-Salz & Brandt, 1937 (ssp. of Lycaena (Glaucopsyche) panagaea), LT; now: ssp. of Turanana endymion — Coutsis 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 262 aibasovi sp. n. (Marasmarcha) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 18 aicha sp. n. (Acrobasis) — Asselbergs 1998 (10.vii.) 21 (2): 112 akahatii sp. n. (Gerontha) — Moriuti 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 179 albertii sp. n. (Fulvoclysia) — Razowski 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 38 albicapilla Zeller, 1852 (Tinea), syn. n. of Infurcitinea albicomella (Stainton, 1851) — Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 232 albiciliellus (Staudinger, 1859) (Nemotois), sp. rev. — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 124 albidula Zerny, 1934 (ssp. of Celama subchlamydula), syn. n. of Nola subchlamydula subchlamydula Staudinger, 1870 — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 134 albiluculella sp. n. (Teleiodes) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 45 alcarriensis Calle & Agenjo, 1981 (Ochropleura), syn. n. of Dichagyris imperator (Bang-Haas, 1912) — Fibiger, Moberg & Yela 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 331 aleramica Baldizzone & Stübner, sp. n. (Coleophora) — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 160 alexander Chnéour, 1937 (abb. of Satyrus abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia lambes- sanus Staudinger, 1901 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 310 alfae Slaby, 1981 (ssp. of Berberia abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader abdel- kader — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 299 algirica sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entréves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 60 alicanta sp. n. (Elachista) — Kaila 2005 (12.viii.) 28 (2): 152 aliena sp. n. (Coleophora) -Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 26 Alisa gen. n. (Crambidae) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 242 alpestris Boisduval, 1834 (Agrotis), LT; now: Chersotis — Dufay 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 16 alpicola Gibeaux, 1990 (Annickia), syn. n. of Callisto coffeella (Zetterstedt, 1839) — Huemer 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 135 altera Züllich, 1929 (ssp. of Lycaena anteros), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Aricia (Ultra- aricia) anteros — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.v1.) 3 (1/2): 59 Altipolia gen. n. (Noctuidae) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 363 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 81 alurgis sp. n. (Adela) — Kozlov 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 193 amanensis Wehrli, 1932 (ssp. of Orthostixis cribraria), LT — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 10 amasicola nom. n. pro Agrotis forcipula amasina Turati, 1919, nec Agrotis trux amasina Staudinger, 1901 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144 amethystinella Ragonot, 1885 (previously syn. of Coleophora fuscicornis), stat. rev.; now: valid species of Coleophora — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 148 amseli sp. n. (Alisa) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 245 amseli sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 62 amseli sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Arenberger 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 98 amurensis Staudinger, 1892 (var. from Lithosia griseola), LT; syn. n. of Eilema (Collina) vetusta (Walker, 1854) — Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 33 anartalis Hampson, 1918 (Noctuelia), homonym; syn. n. of Evergestis anartralis (Staudinger, 1892) — Nuss 2005 (7.v1.) 28 (1): 18 anartalis Staudinger, 1892 (Hercyna), LT; now: Evergestis — Nuss 2005 (7.v1.) 28 (1): 18 anatolica Draudt, 1936 (ssp. of Rhyacia elegans), comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Chersotis — Dufay 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 53 anatolica Draudt, 1936 (ssp. of Rhyacia elegans), LT; now: Chersotis anatolica — Varga 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 55 anatolicus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 2001 (10.viii.) 24 (1/2): 17 anatoliensis nom. n. pro Cucullia argentina grisescens Wagner, 1931, nec Cucullia grisescens Leach, 1900 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144 andalusiaca Staudinger, 1891 (ssp. of Srilbia anomala), comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Stilbia — Dufay 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 115 andorraensis ssp. n. (of Dichrorampha harpeana) — Huemer 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 109 angeri Schawerda, 1919 (Chesias), (previously syn. of C. rufata (Fabricius, 1775)), stat. rev.; — Huemer & Morandini 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 168 angustilinea Valle, 1930, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93 angustipennis Staudinger, 1871 (Tinea), syn. n. of Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella (Milliere, 1854) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 168 annae Sp. n. (Glossotrophia) — Mentzer 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 44 annae Sp. n. (Oegoconia) — Sutter 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 194 annae Sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 276 annae Zeller, 1853 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois fasciella (Fabricius, 1775) Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 122 annegreteae sp. n. (Menophra) — Skou 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 138 Annickia Gibeaux, 1990 (Tineidae), syn. n. of Callisto (Gracillariidae) — Huemer 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 133 annieae sp. n. (Pseudochazara) — Pages 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2). 363 Antonechloris Raineri, 1994, stat. n.; now: subgenus of Thetidia Boisduval, 1840 — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 25 82 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Apetovia Krulikovsky, 1918 (Geometridae), syn. n. of Heliothea Boisduval, 1840 — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 12 Aphiaris Kuznetsov, 1981 (31.xii.) (Tortricidae), syn.n. of Ukamenia Oku, 1981 (20.11.) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 aphrodite sp. n. (Dyspessa) — Yakovlev & Witt 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 411 apollinaris Staudinger, [1892] (var. of Doritis apollinus), stat. n.; now: Archon apol- linaris apollinaris — Freina 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 127 apollinus Herbst, 1798 (Papilio), NT; now: Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 126 apora Staudinger, 1897 (Polia), stat. rev.; now: Polymixis — Wiltshire 1993 (30.1Vv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 262 aporiella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 104 approximana Fabricius, 1798 (Pyralis), syn. n. of Acleris ferrugana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viii.) 25 (1): 18 arabescana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Pelochrista — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 96 arahoui Tarrier, 1996 (ssp. of Melanargia ines), syn. n. of Melanargia ines ines Hoffmansegg, 1804 — Tennent 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1): 52 arax Sp. n. (Anumeta) — Fibiger 1995 (30.1v.) 17 (1994) (3/4): 108 arcana Mikkola ssp. n. (of Chersotis andereggi) — Mikkola et al. 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 151 archaeochrysa sp. n. (Cydia (Endopisa)) — Diakonoff 1986 (31.xii.) 9 (3/4): 172 Archicnephasia gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 232 arcosuensis sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 161 arenaria Lempke, 1937 (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232 arenbergeri sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 220 argentinana Brèthes, 1916 (Oliera), comb. n.; now: Cecidoses — Parra 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 206 argentisignella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix) LT — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 215 armeniacus Sheljuzhko, 1925 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127 arnscheidi sp. n. (Reisseronia) — Weidlich 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 204 artaxias sp. n. (Victrix) — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 77 articana Kuznetsov, 1979 (Gypsonoma), syn. n. of Gypsonoma parryana (Curtis, 1835) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 (31.x11.) 14 (3): 211 arvorum Slaby, 1981 (ssp. of Berberia abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader abdelkader — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 299 asiatica Ganev & Hacker, 1984 (Agriphila), syn. n. of Agriphila brioniella (Zerny, 1914) — Fazekas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 120 asiatica Sp. n. (Agriphila) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 238 asseclana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 (Tortrix), NT; now: Cnephasia — Aarvik 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 154 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 83 associatella Zeller, 1839, nomen protectum, now: Adela — Kozlov & Kaila 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 6 asymetrica sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 59 atlantica ssp. n. (Myinodes interpunctaria) — Hausmann 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 36 atopa sp. n. (Bactra (Chiloides)) — Diakonoff 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 244 attenuata Razowski, 1984 (Phalonidia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski 1992a (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325 aulombardi sp. n. (Dryobotodes) — Plante 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 217 aurantibasella Caradja, 1938 (Adela), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 45 aurea sp. n. (Montanima) — Hättenschwiler 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 234 auricellus Ragonot, 1874 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois prodigellus (Zeller, 1853) — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 121 aurita (Pammene), nom. n. pro Phthoroblastis aurantiana Staudinger, 1871, nec Gra- pholitha aurantiana Kollar, 1832 — Razowski 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 321 azorinus Strecker, 1899 (Satyrus), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Hipparchia (azorina) azo- rina — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 167 badachshanica Stshetkin, 1984 (ssp. of Pseudothecla cyri), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Armenia hyrcanica — Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 244 baibarana Matsumura, 1927 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 45 baikalensis Raigorodskaia, 1965 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hätten- schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 balanophora Meyrick, 1916 (Scythris), LT — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 147 baldizzonella sp. n. (Pancalia) — Riedl 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 88 balearica Falkovitsh, 1978 (Ardania), syn. n. of Coleophora vestalella Staudinger, 1859 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 63 ballettoi Kudrna, 1984 (Hipparchia), syn. n. of Hipparchia senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908) — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 205 balucha Evans, 1932 (ssp. of Eumenis miszechii), LY; now Pseudochazara — Wakeham- Dawson et al. 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2): 214 basifuscella Staudinger, 1880 (Bucculatrix) LT — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 216 bassoni Larsen, 1974 (ssp. of Aricia crassipuncta), stat. n.; now: Aricia — Larsen 1995 (30.1v.) 17 (1994) (3/4): 121 behouneki sp. n. (Cucullia) — Hacker & Ronkay 1988 (30.iv.) 11 (1): 39 belladonnae ssp. n. (of Erebia sudetica) — Cupedo 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 119 bellargus Staudinger, [1892] (var. of Doritis apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 126 bellicosus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 188 benderi Marten, 1957 (Coscinia), LT; stat. n.; syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232 84 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 benigna Brandt, 1941 (Glossostrophia), comb. n.; Now: Pseudocinglis — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 208 berberella sp. n. (Tischeria) — Prins 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 172 berolinensis Amsel, 1932 (Epiblema), syn. n. of Rhopobota stagnana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 — Karisch 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 193 beryllopa Meyrick, 1935 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois albiciliellus (Staudinger, 1859) — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 124 beticella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 32 biarmata Puplesis, 1994 (Etainia), comb. n.; now: Ectoedemia (Etainia) — Nieukerken & Lastuvka 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 89 bidzilyai sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 130 bifasciata Rambur, 1832 (Coscinia), stat. n.; now: Coscinia cribraria bifasciata — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232 bipuncta Griveaud, 1977, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 bisinuella Erschoff, 1874 (Oecophora), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 bithynica Wehrli, 1954 (ssp. of Lomaspilis opis (Butler, 1878), stat. rev.; now: Loma- spilis bithynica — Gelbrecht et al. 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 179 bivittata South, 1900 (ssp. of Emydia cribrum), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 231 blanchieri Fruhstorfer, 1908 (ssp. of Satyrus semele), syn. n.; now: Hipparchia senthes (Fruhstorfer, 1908) — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 204 blanchieroides Stauder, 1921 (f. of Satyrus semele), LT — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10. xii.) 20 (3/4): 231 blandana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Cochylimorpha — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 96 boeklini sp. n. (Idaea) — Mentzer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 300 boeklini Mentzer, 1990 (Idaea), syn. n. of Idaea camparia (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) — Raineri 1992 (31.x11.) 15 (2): 152 bouhedmae sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entréves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 65 boulifa Dumont, 1922 (Euproctis) LT; syn. n. of Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker, 1865) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 326, 329 boursini Rungs, 1967 (ssp. of Stilbia calberlae), comb. n.; now: Stilbia andalusiaca boursini — Dufay 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 172 bracatana Rebel, 1894 (Pandemis), comb. n.; now: Choristoneura — Razowski 1979 (7811,.)2012358 brachypterella sp. n. (Biselachista) — Klimesch 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 138 brevis sp. n. (Acalyptris) — Puplesis 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 86 brontophora Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 brunea Griveaud, 1973 (Porthesaroa), comb.n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 Sau) 7236 brunella sp. n. (Eumasia) — Hättenschwiler 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 266 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 85 bruzzanaria Costa, 1863 (Geometra), syn. n. of Zethes insularis Rambur, 1833 — Raineri 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 234 bundeli Solyanikov, 1995 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hattenschwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 bureschi Karnoschitzky, 1954 (ssp. of Ascotis selenaria), syn. n. of Ascotis selenaria selenaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) — Ganev 1988 (31.viii.) 11 (2): 99 buszkoi sp. n. (Scythris) — Baran 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 90 buvati Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista), syn. n. of Elachista occidentalis Frey, 1882 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 226 buxeus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 2001 (10.viii.) 24 (1/2): 14 caerulea Hudson, 1925 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 cahama ssp. n. (of Eriogaster rimicola) — Zolotuhin, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 48 calandrella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 73 calaspidea Clarke, 1934 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 calvicaput Walsingham, 1900 (Epagoge), comb. n.; now: Minutargyrotoza — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 189 canariella sp. n. (Ischnophanes) — Baldizzone 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 101 canetella Caradja, 1920 (Scythris), LT; Now: Scythris ventosella Chrétien, 1907 — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 142 Capidentalia Park, 1995 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Bagdadia Amsel, 1949 — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 235 caradjae Rebel, 1902 (Atychia), comb. n.; now: Titanio — Nuss & Kallies 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 36 catharodactylus Caradja, 1921 (var. of Pterophorus lienigianus), LT; comb. n.; stat. rev.; now: Leioptilus — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187 caucasella sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 124 caucasica ssp. n. (of Polyploca flavicornis) — Alberti, B. & K. Fritsch. 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 200 caucasica Solyanikov, 1991 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Bruandia — Sauter & Hätten- schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 caucasiella sp. n. (Agonopterix) — Karsholt et al. 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 180 celeris Omelko, 1988 (Gibbosa), syn. n. of Stenolechia notomochla Meyrick, 1935 — Park 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 287 centaureae Deschka, 1973 (Bucculatrix), syn. n. of Bucculatrix infans Staudinger, 1880 — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 218 ceramus ssp. n. (of Tosirips perpulchranus) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 91 ceres Sp. n. (Oegoconia) — Sutter 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 194 certhiella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.ix.): 8 (3): 215 cervana Eversmann, 1844 (Paedisca), LT; now: Epiblema costipunctana (Haworth, 1811) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 98 86 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 chamomillana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 (Cochylis), syn. n. of Stenodes decolorella (Zeller, 1839) — Sattler 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 257 charmetanti Vuillot, 1890 (Artaxa), syn. n. of Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker, 1865) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 329 chasanica sp. n. (Phaulernis) — Gaedike 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 95 chekiangella sp. n. (Paramartyria) — Kaltenbach & Speidel 1982 (31.111.) 5 (1): 32 cheradias Meyrick, 1909 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 chinensis Daniel, 1954 (ssp. of Lithosia griseola), LT; now: Eilema (Collina) chinen- sis — Ignatyev & Witt 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 33 chinensis sp. n. (Proutia) — Hättenschwiler & Chung-Ling 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 262 chinensis ssp. n. (of Sephisa dichroa) — Nguyen 1984 (31.xii.) 7 (4): 341 chlorista Meyrick, 1912 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois istrianellus (Heydenreich, 1851) — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 120 chpakovskyi Chnéour, 1956 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96 Christophia subgen. n. of Victrix Staudinger, 1879 (Noctuidae) — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 69 christenseni sp. n. (Lathronympha) — Aarvik & Karsholt 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 176 christenseni sp. n. (Melasina) — Hattenschwiler 1990 (31.i.) 12 (1989) (4): 258 chrysocephala Hiibner, 1804 (Bombyx), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Lin- naeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 231 chrysophaea Walker, 1865 (Orgyia) LT; now: Euproctis — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.xii.) 7 (4): 326 cinderella sp. n. (Depressaria) — Corley 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 29 cinerea Toll, 1953 (Coleophora) syn. n. of Coleophora virgaureae Staudinger, 1857 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 64 cinereipalpana Razowski, 1958 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia stephensiana stoli- dana (Walker) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 citrinaria Gaede, 1930 (Zaranga), syn. n. of Zaranga pannosa Moore, 1884 — Schintl- meister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206 clasperella sp. n. (Sefidia) — Asselbergs 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 172 clathrella Toll, 1953 (Coleophora) syn. n. of Coleophora struella Staudinger, 1859 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 64 claudiae Kristal & Hirneisen, sp. n. (Pharmacis) — Kristal et al. 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 56 claviformis Park, 1993 (Hypatima), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238 coelatalis Walker, 1859 (Dosara), comb. n.; now: Achyra — Maes 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 177 cognata Moore, 1885 (Hypena), comb. n.; Now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 242 composita Sp. n. (Auchmis) — Plante 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 94 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 87 compsias Walsingham, 1907, (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 157 conankinensis (Stenodes), comb. n.; now: Cochylimorpha — Razowski 2006 (14. viii.) 29 (1/2): 123 conchylidella Snellen, 1884 (Lampros), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 congener Roepke, 1945 (Saronaga), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Tethea consi- milis — Yoshimoto 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 229 constantella Dumont, 1925 (Scythris), LT; now: Scythris tenuivittella (Stainton, 1867) — Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 151 constantina sp. n. (Myinodes) — Hausmann 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 37 continentalis Tshisitjakov, 1985 (ssp. of fusiformis Matsumura, 1921), syn. n. of Pheosia rimosa Packard, 1864 — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 98 contraria Philpott, 1930 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 coreana Matsumura, 1922 (Quadricalcarifera), syn. n. of Somera pryeri Leech, 1889 — Schintlmeister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206 coreana Nakatomi, 1977 (ssp. of Dudusa sphingiformis), syn. n. of Dudusa sphingi- formis Moore, 1877 — Schintlmeister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206 corporea Corti, 1932 (Euxoa), bona sp. — Plante 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 127 corsa sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 216 corsicola Corti, 1928 (ssp. of Euxoa obelisca), comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Euxoa — Dufay 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 113 costimaculella sp. n. (Recurvaria) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 42 crassifasciana Joannis, 1920 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hiibner, 1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 crassipuncta Christoph, 1893 (ssp. of Lycaena anteros), LT; stat. n.; now: Aricia (Ultraaricia) — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 59 cuencella Rebel, 1901, (Scythris (Butalis)), LT; now: Scythris grandipennis (Haworth, 1828) — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 143 cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1847, stat. rev. (Coleophora) — Stiibner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 144 curvifascia Rothschild, Hartert & Jordan, 1917 (ssp. of Metanastria diagramma), stat. n.; syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 31 curvicosta Warren, 1915 (Polyploca), comb. n.; now: Takapsestis — Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 241 cuspidata (Stenodes), comb. n.; now: Cochylimorpha — Razowski 2006 (14.viii.) 29 (1/2): 123 cylindrata sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 82 cymoptila Meyrick, 1929 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.xii.) 22 (4): 238 cypriensis sp. n. (Micropterix) — Heath 1985 (31.xii.): 8 (4): 338 cyri Nekrutenko, 1978 (ssp. of Pseudothecla ledereri), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Armenia hyrcanica — Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 244 88 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Dactyloceratinae subfam. n. (Brahmeidae) — Sauter 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 268 daddi Heinrich, 1923 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii trifolii — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 95 daedalea sp. n. (Cnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 236 dagmaris sp. n. (Scrobipalpa) — Povolny 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 80 dahurica sp. n. (Metanarsia) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 285 dalmaticola (ssp. of Lycaena idas), nom. n. pro Lycaena ismenias violaceus Rangnow, 1935, nec Lycaena meleager dalmatina Wagner, 1909 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141 dama Staudinger, 1892 (Lycaena) LT; now: Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) — Olivier et al. 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 202 dammersi Busck, 1934 (Plutella), comb. n.; now: Eudophasia — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 35 danieli Wiltshire, 1966 (Scopula), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Scopuloides origalis — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 202 Danilevskia Kuznetsov, 1970 (Tortricidae), syn. n. of Cydia Hübner, 1825 — Razowski 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 320 dantchenkoi Lukhtanov & Wiemers, sp. n. (Agrodiaetus) — Lukhtanov et al. 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 66 datesis Diakonoff (Phalonidia?), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325 datini Mabille, 1888 (ssp. of Bombyx decolorata), syn. n. of Lasiocampa decolorata decolorata — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96 decolorella Zeller, 1839 (Anarsia), comb. n.; now: Stenodes — Sattler 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 256 definita Meyrick, 1935 (Phalonia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325 defoliella Constant, 1895 (Talaeporia [sic]), comb. rev.; now: Taleporia—Hattenschwiler & Scalercio 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 21 deliana Gaede, 1933 (Pseudofentonia), syn. n. of Formotensha marginalis Matsumura, 1925 — Schintlmeister 1989 (30.xi.) 12 (3): 206 dellabrunai sp. n. (Standfussia) — Hattenschwiler 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 25 dentosella Herrich-Schaffer, 1854 (Calotrypis), syn. n. of Epermenia (Calotripis) insecurella (Stainton, 1849) — Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231 dentosella Stainton, 1851 (Elachista), syn. n. of Epermenia (Calotripis) insecurella (Stainton, 1849) — Gaedike 1993 (30.1v.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231 derrai sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 205 desinens sp. n. (Tomares) — Nekrutenko & Effendi 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 69 destituta sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 242 detruncatum Zagulajev & Blumental, 1994 (Agdistis), syn. n. of Agdistis gerasimovi Zagulajev & Blumental, 1994 — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 23 diabolica sp. n. (Melanchra) — Plante 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 215 diacona Lederer, 1858 (Atychia), syn. n. of Brachodes candefactus (Lederer, 1858) — Kallies 2001 (10.viii.) 24 (1/2): 11 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 89 Dicanticinta gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 180 diehli Werny, 1966 (ssp. of Tethea consimilis), syn. n. of Tethea consimilis congener (Roepke, 1945) — Yoshimoto 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 229 digna sp. n. (Eilema (Collina)) — Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 39 dimorpha Petry, 1904 (Acompsia), LT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 120 Diploschizia Heppner, 1981 (Glyphipterigidae), syn. n. of Glyphipterix — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 37 dirempta Staudinger, 1859 (Agrotis), syn. n. of Agrotis lata Treitschke, 1835 — Zilli 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 74 discessa Walker, 1861 (Chlorissa), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann 1996 24.x1.) 19 (1/2): 53 discopunctana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Cochylimorpha — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 100 disforma sp. n. (Cnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 237 dissimilis Warren & Rothschild, 1905 (Euchloris), syn. n. of Acidaliastis micra Hampson, 1896 — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 58 dissona Puplesis, 1984 (Astigmella), syn. n. of Stigmella naturnella (Klimesch, 1936) — Nieukerken et al. 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 133 diticinctana Walsingham, 1900 (Tortrix), comb. n.; now: Dicanticinta — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 181 diversicilia Filipjev, 1931 (Platyptilia), syn. n. of Buszkoiana capnodactylus (Zeller, 1841) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 25 dividua Philpott, 1921 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 dombaiensis Alberti, 1969 (ssp. of Lycaena anteros), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Aricia (Ultraaricia) anteros — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.v1.) 3 (1/2): 58 domogledana sp. n. (Eupithecia) — Vojnits & Szabö 1988 (31.vii.) 11 (2): 160 Dosara Walker, 1859 (Pyralidae), syn. n. of Achyra Guenée, 1849 — Maes 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 177 Douzdrina de Laever, 1985, syn. n. of Spodoptera Guenée, 1852 — de Bros 1985 (31.x11.) 8 (4): 385 Douzdrina gen. n. (Noctuidae) — de Laever 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 148 douzina de Laever, 1985, syn. n. of Paradrina clavipalpis — de Bros 1985 (31.xii.) 8 (4): 386 douzina sp. n. (Paradrina) — de Laever 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 146 drahomirae Povolny, 1966 (Scrobipalpa), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa vasconiella (Rôssler, 1877) - Povolny 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 82 dubatolovi sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 15 duelduelica Osthelder, 1932 (ssp. of Bryophila tabora), stat. n.; now: Victrix (Rasi- hia) — Varga & Ronkay 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2): 164 duercki Zerny, 1935 (Celama), LT; comb. n.; now: Nola duercki duercki — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 138 90 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 dujardini sp. n. (Gelechia) — Huemer 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 127 durandi Lucas, 1926 (Orgyia), syn. n. of Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker, 1865) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 329 dushanbella Lvovsky & Arutjunova, 1992 (Callima), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.v1.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 eberti nom. n. pro Melitaea hafız pfeifferi Gross & Ebert, 1975, nec Melitaea didyma pfeifferi Bryk, 1940 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141 ebertorum nom. n. pro Agrotis maraschi Draudt, 1933, nec Agrotis terminicincta maraschi Draudt, 1933 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144 ecballiella sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 273 egidijui sp. n. (Acalyptris) — Puplesis 1990 (31.1i1.) 13 (1): 87 eichleri sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 239 elbursicum sp. n. (Gnorimoschema) — Povolny 1984 (30.ix.) 7 (3): 264 elevatella sp. n. (Cauchas) — Kozlov 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 121 elksourensis sp. n. (Elachista) — Kaila 2005 (12.viil.) 28 (2): 154 elongata Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Diacrisia biagi), LT; now: ssp. of Spilosoma biagi — Thomas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 183 elpidia sp. n. (Aethes) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 239 emargana blackmorei Obraztsov, 1963 (Acleris), syn. n. of Acleris effractana (Hübner, 1799) — Karsholt et al. 2005 (12.viii.) 28 (2): 94 Empista Povolny, 1968 (Gelechiidae), stat. n.; now subgenus of Kiwaia — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234 | endymion endymion Freyer, 1850 (Papilio), NT; now: Turanana — Coutsis 2005 (7.v1.) 27 (2004) (4): 256 endymionoides ssp. n. (of Turanana taygetica) — Coutsis 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 269 epischista Meyrick, 1936 (Thermocrates), comb. n.; now: Dryadaula — Robinson 1988 (30.1v.) 11 (LE 75 Episcioptera Hartig, 1936 (Psychidae), syn. n. of Leptapterix Hübner, 1827 — Hätten- schwiler 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 145 erastrialis Walker, 1866 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 242 eremia sp. n. (Protopterna) — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 185 erewani, ssp. n. (of Oligia latruncula) — Fazekas 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 118 erminea Walsingham, 1907 (Scythris), LT; syn. n. of Scythris tessulatella Rebel, 1903 Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 150 etolia ssp. n. of Ochropleura gracilis — Dufay 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 47 etrusca sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 198 eucalla Li & Zheng, 1998 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238 Euclidiana gen. n. (Noctuidae) — Räkosy 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 368 Eucosmodes Kuznetsov, 1973 (Tortricidae), syn. n. of Hendecaneura Walsingham, 1900 — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 289 Eumachaeristis Meyrick, 1938 (Plutellidae), syn. n. of Rhigognostis Zeller, 1857 — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 37 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 0] eurasiatica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 13 eurata Prout, 1913 (Glossostrophia), comb. n.; now: Pseudocinglis — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 206 europaea Wehrli, 1934 (ssp. of Ptychopoda camparia), syn. n. of /daea camparia (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) — Mentzer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 301 euryaula Meyrick, 1925 (Coleophora), LT — J.-F. Landry & Baldizzone 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 127 eurybathra Meyrick, 1931 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 exaridanus Kuznetsov sp. n. (Olethreutes) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 (31.x11.) 14 (3): 202 externa Eversmann, 1844 (Paedisca), LT; now: Argyroploce — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 100 externana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Ceratoxanthis — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 102 fabiani sp. n. (Victrix (Poliobrya)) — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 78 falciformis Haworth, 1828 (Recurvaria), stat. n.; now: Epermenia — Scholz 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 291 falkneri nom. n. pro Psyche quadrangularis albescens Staudinger, 1900, nec Psyche pyrenaella albescens Oberthiir, 1883 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 143 fallax Staudinger, 1900 (Atychia), LT; now: Brachodes — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 176 fascinata sp. n. (Takapsestis) — Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 236 faunieralis sp. n. (Syrianarpia) — Gianti 2005 (7.vi.) 27 (2004) (4): 300 faustinata Millière, 1868 (Nemoria), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 52 ferrealis Hampson, 1900 (Stenia), comb. n.; LT; now: Pyrausta — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 55 fervida Walker, 1863 (Euproctis), comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 fibigerella sp. n. (Euzophera) — Asselbergs 1997 (10.xii.) 20 (3/4): 306 fibigeri sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.xi.) 25 (2/3): 130 fibigeri sp. n. (Agrochola) — Hacker & Moberg 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 130 fibigeri sp. n. (Bembecia) — Z. Laëtüvka & A. Laëtüvka 1994 (31.iii.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 234 filistigma sp. n. (Hyponephele) — Pagés 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2): 358 flavifasciaria sp. n. (Clepsis) — Wang et al. 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 51 formosa Puplesis & Seksjaeva, sp. n. (Bucculatrix) — Puplesis ; Seksaeva & Puplesiene 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 42 formosana Frolich, 1830 (Tortrix), auct. rev.; now Lozotaeniodes — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viti.) 25 (1): 19 92 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 freyi Staudinger, 1870 (Elachista), syn. rev. of Elachista juliensis Frey, 1870 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x1i.) 27 (2/3): 220 friedrichi Viidalepp & Skou, sp. n. (Xanthorhoe) — Viidalepp & Hausmann 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 107 fritschi sp. n. (Phalacropterix) — Hättenschwiler 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 11 fucata Püngeler, 1909 (Acidalia), comb. n.; now: Scopuloides — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 198 fuligana [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 (Tortrix), NT; now: Pristerognatha — Aarvik 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 156 fulva Turati, 1924 (Agrotis), syn. n. of Agrotis lata Treitschke, 1835 — Zilli 1992 (31. v.) 15 (1): 74 fulvana Stephens, 1834 (Carpocapsa), LT; sp. rev.; now: Eucosma — Agassiz & Lang- maid 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 46 funerea Eversmann, 1847 (ab. of striata), comb. n.; stat. n.; now ssp. of Spiris striata — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 229 gaedikei sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 193 galaica Palanca Soler et al. 1982 (Thaumetopoea), comb. n.; syn. n. of Traumatocampa pityocampa pityocampa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) — Freina & Witt 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 183 galega Agenjo, [1977] (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232 gallagenellum sp. n. (Caryocolum) — Huemer 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 22 gallica Huemer, 1992 (Teleiodes), syn. n. of Teleiodes italica Huemer, 1992 — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 45 galloi sp. n. (Agrodiaetus) — Baletto & Toso 1979 (17.vi.) 2 (1/2): 14 gerasimovi Lvovsky, 1982 (Borkhausenia), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 gerassimovi Koshantschikov, 1923 (Stygia), LT; syn. n. of Brachodes appendiculata Esper, 1783 — Yakovlev 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 160 gerennae ssp. n. (of Entephria cyanata) — Gyulai 1984 (30.ix.) 7 (3): 251 ghilarovi Solyanikov, 1991 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hättenschwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 Gibbosa Omelko, 1988 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Stenolechia Meyrick, 1894 — Park 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 287 gielisi sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 206 gil sp. n. (Amata) — Witt et al. 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 368 gilvana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Choristoneura diversana (Hübner, 1817) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 102 giuditta Schawerda, 1934 (Ephesia), syn. n. of Catocala mariana Rambur, 1858 — Dufay 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 173 glabrata Meyrick, 1922 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois mollella (Hübner, 1813) — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 123 glareolella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 118 soins: Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 93 glaucoterma Meyrick, 1911 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 gnomia Ponomarenko, 1995 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238 gobica Lvovsky & Piskunov, 1989 (Metanarsia), syn. n. of Metanarsia alphitodes (Meyrick, 1891) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 291 golestanensis sp. n. (Gortyna) — Fibiger & Zahiri 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 215 gozmanyi Sp. n. (Episema) — Ronkay & Hacker 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 70 gozmanyi sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 217 gracilariella Busck, 1904 (Zelleria), comb. n.; now: Euhyponomeutoides — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 35 gracilensis (Stenodes), comb. n.; now: Cochylimorpha — Razowski 2006 (14.vin.) 29 (1/2): 123 gracilis F. Wagner, 1929 (Ochropleura) (ssp. of Agrotis celsicola), bona sp.; now: Ochropleura — Dufay 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 41 gracilis Wagner, 1929 (Ochropleura), LT; — Dufay 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 84 gracilis Wagner, 1931 (Amelina), stat. rev.; now: Victrix — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.1v.) 12 (1): 76 Graellsia Grote, 1896 (Saturniidae), syn. n. of Actias Leach, 1815 — Nässig 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 136 grammiptera Rambur, 1839 (Agrotis), syn. n. of Chersotis elegans (Eversmann, 1837) — Dufay 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 51 grandipennis Haworth, 1828 (Porrectaria), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 143 grandiprocessa sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.v1.) 27 (1): 81 graphitana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Capricornia boisduvaliana (Duponchel, 1836) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 104 gredosella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 209 grisea Butler, 1885 (Microphalera), comb. n.; now: Ptilodon Hübner, 1822 — Schintl- meister et al. 1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 99 griseanova Rezbanyai-Reser, 1987 (Idaea), syn. n. of [Idaea predotaria Hartig, 1951 — Raineri 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 187 griseata Warren, 1915 (Polyploca), comb. n.; now: Takapsestis — Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 239 grisescens Roepke, 1944 (Neogaurena), syn. n. of Palimpsestis semiobsoleta Warren, 1915 — Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 239 grossi nom. n. pro Melitaea transcaucasica maculata Gross & Ebert, 1975, nec Meli- taea asteroidea maculata Staudinger, 1901 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141 grossi sp. n. (Agrotis) — Hacker & Kuhna 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 180 grossi sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 163 grunertiana Ratzeburg, 1868 (Tortrix), stat. rev.; now: Cydia — Falck & Karsholt 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 82 gudarica sp. n. (Rheumaptera) — Dufay 1983 (31.iii.) 6 (1): 49 94 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 guidoi da Silva Cruz, 1978 (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232 gypsella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 73 haasi Rebel, 1902 (Borkhausenia), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16. vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 hackeri sp. n. (Victrix (Rasihia)) — Varga & Ronkay 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2): 168 hagiosana Razowski, 1959 (ssp. of Cnephasia pumicana), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner, 1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 halmyropis Meyrick, 1926 (Epidola), syn. n. of Metanarsia incertella (Herrich-Schaf- fer, 1861) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.v1.) 27 (2004) (4): 292 halperini ssp. n. (of Pseudoterpna coronillata) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 16 hampsoni Rothschild, 1914 (Diacrisia), LT; syn. n. of Spilosoma todara Moore, 1872 — Thomas 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 181 hannemanni sp. n. (Auchmis) — Plante 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 93 hartigi sp. n. (Archicnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 232 heliacalis Zerny, 1914 (Evergestis), LT; syn. n. of Evergestis anartalis (Staudinger, 1892) — Nuss 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1): 18 Helianthocampa gen. n. (Thaumetopoeidae) — Freina & Witt 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 176 heliochalca Meyrick, 1928 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemophora cantharites (Meyrick, 1928) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 53 hellenica sp. n. (Eudarcia (Meessia)) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 165 hepatica Clerck, 1759 (Phalaena), LT; now: Lithophane — Mikkola 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 139 herati sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 157 herbuloti Agenjo, 1952 (Sterrha), syn. n. of Idaea minuscularia Ribbe, 1912 — Mentzer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 298 herminiella sp. n. (Micropterix) — Corley 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 74 herniariae de Joannis, 1908 (Scythris), LT; Now: Scythris ventosella Chrétien, 1907 — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 142 herrenschmidti sp. n. (Eupithecia) — Mentzer & Moberg 1992 (31.11.) 14 (1991) (4): 313 herzi sp. n. (Porrittia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xu.) 24 (3): 20 heterospora Meyrick, 1924 (Phthorimaea), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 hiberica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 207 himalayalta sp. n. (Leptopterix) — Hättenschwiler 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 27 hippeis Meyrick, 1901 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 hiranoi sp. n. (Epimarptis) — Sugisima 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 200 hispanica Marten, 1943 (ssp. of Macrothylacia diagramma), syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 31 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 95 hispanica Obraztsov, 1950 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia stephensiana stephen- siana (Doubleday, 1849) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 287 hispanica sp. n. (Synansphecia) — Kallies 1999 (15.vi.) 22 (2): 92 hissarella Noreika, sp. n. (Phyllonorycter) — Noreika & Puplesis 1992 (31.x11.) 15 (2): 144 hissarica Solyanikov, 1993 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Psyche — Sauter & Hattenschwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 hoerburgeri Schawerda, 1924 (Polyploca), comb. n.; now: Achlya — Yoshimoto 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 160 hoerhammeri Wagner, 1931 (Heliophobus), bona sp.; now: Lophoterges — Dufay 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 77 holsatica Sauber, 1916 (var. of Nola centonalis), stat. rev.; now: ssp. of Nola aerugula — Fibiger & Karsholt 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 200 honei Meyrick, 1935 (Nemotois), LT; syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 45 hospitali Marten, 1948 (ssp. of Coscinia striata), LT; syn. n. of Spiris striata striata (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 227 huebneri nom. n. pro Papilio narica Charpentier, 1818, nec Fabricius 1793 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 140 huemeri sp. n. (Micropterix) — Kurz et al. 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 112 huemeri sp. n. (Oegoconia) — Sutter 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 192 humiliella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix), LT — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 218 hyalina Solyanikov, 1993 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Megalophanes — Sauter & Hätten- schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 266 hyalinella Caradja, 1920 (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 142 hydrargyrana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Eugnosta — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 104 hypsoides Rothschild, 1914 (Diacrisia), LT; now: Spilosoma — Thomas 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 183 hyrcanica Riley, 1939 (ssp. of Strymon ledereri), stat. rev.; comb. n.; now: Armenia — Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 243 hyrcanica sp. n. (Pasiphila) — Viidalepp & Mironov 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 198 ialbum Esper, 1789 (Papilio), sp. rev.; now: Polygonia ialbum — Kogak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 140 tana Sp. n. (Conistra) — Zilli & Grassi 2006 (14.viii.) 29 (1/2): 102 iberica sp. n. (Ceratoxanthis) — Baixeras 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 294 ignorata Sp. n. (Scotopteryx) — Huemer & Hausmann 1998 (1.xii.) 21 (4): 242 illigerella Hübner, 1813 (Calotripis), NT; now: Epermenia — Scholz 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 290 illigerellus Stainton, 1849 (Elachista), syn. n. of Epermenia (Calotripis) insecurella (Stainton, 1849) — Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231 96 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Ilseopsis Povolny, 1965 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 225 imbutella Christoph, 1888 (Depressaria), comb. n.; now: Orophia — Lvovsky 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 219 imerina Griveaud, 1977, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 imitatella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix), syn. n. of Bucculatrix cristatella Zeller, 1839 — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 216 immundana Eversmann, 1844 (Grapholitha [sic!]), LT; now: Epibactra — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 106 imperialis Rebel, 1900 (Adela), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 43 impunctella Amsel, 1940 (f. of Apatema fasciata), LT; stat. rev.; now: Apatema impunctella — Sutter 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 232 incerta Sp. n. (Parornix) — Triberti 1982 (31.11.) 5 (1): 41 inclusella Lederer, 1855 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 146 incommoda Butler, 1882, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 infantula Kitt, 1926 (ssp. of Nola subchlamydula), LT; syn. n. of Nola subchlamy- dula subchlamydula Staudinger, 1870 — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 134 infraclara Verity, 1953 (ssp. of Erebia pandrose), syn.n. of Erebia pandrose marmolata Dannehl, 1927 — Cupedo 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 346 infracta Braun, 1926 (Epermenia), syn. n.; now: Epermenia strictella (Wocke, 1867) — Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 98 infumata Staudinger, 1887, syn. n. of Furcula bicuspis (Borkhausen, 1790) — Schintl- meister et al. 1987 (30.vı.) 10 (2): 97 ingana Fruhstorfer, 1911 (ssp. of Erebia pandrose), syn.n. of Erebia pandrose pandrose (Borkhausen, 1788) — Cupedo 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 343 ingeborgae Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista), syn. n. of Elachista juliensis Frey, 1870 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 220 iniquellus Wocke, 1867 (Chauliodus), stat. n.; now: Epermenia (Cataplectica) — Gaedike 1993 (30.1v.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 231 insequana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Eugnosta parreyssiana (Duponchel, 1843) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 107 inspersa Staudinger, 1879 (var. of Bombyx rimicola) stat. rev.; now: Eriogaster inspersa — Zolotuhin, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 46 insulariella sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997 (1.v1.) 20 (1/2): 32 insulella Staudinger, 1859 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 156 interpositella Strand, 1922 (Eilema), syn. n. of Eilema uniola (Rambur, 1866) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 334 — According Toulgoët (1985 (30.v1.): 8 (2): 189-199) ıs interpositella a bona sp. interrupta Walsingham, 1881 (Plutella), comb. n.; now: Rhigognostis — Kyrki 1990 (iyi) 4360): %5 irakella Amsel, 1949 (Bagdadia) LT; — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 97 irana sp. n. (Kalliesia) — Sobczyk 2004 (28.v1.) 27 (1): 22 iranica sp. n. (Agdistis) — Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 178 iranicola nom. n. pro Agrotis forcipula hyrcana Draudt, 1933, nec Agrotis grisescens hyrcana Staudinger, 1900 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144 iranicola nom. n. pro Plebeius pylaon iranica Forster, 1939, nec Plebeius eurypilus iranica Forster, 1838 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141 irmella N. Palm, 1947 (Lithocolletis), syn.n. of Phyllonorycter lautella (Zeller, 1846) — Nieukerken et al. 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 18 irrorata Diakonoff, 1951 (ssp. of Nemophora bifasciella), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 43 isosema Meyrick, 1921 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238 italohelveticus sp. n. (Gnophos) — Rezbanyai-Reser 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 102 Jacularia Hübner, 1813 (Geometra), NT; now: Rhodostrophia — Sihvonen & Nupponen 2005 (12.vili.) 28 (2): 116 Jaeckhi sp. n. (Metriotes) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 204 Janhillmanni sp. n. (Agrochola) — Hacker & Moberg 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 128 Japonensis Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Diacrisia rhodophila), LT; now: Lemyra inae- qualis (Butler, 1879) — Thomas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 179 Japonica Draudt, 1935 (f. of Panolis flammea), stat. n.; now: Panolis — Kononenko & Mikkola 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 30 Japonica Oku, 1979 (15.x11.), syn. n. of Peridaedalia optabilana (Kuznetsov, 1979 (13. vill.)) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 289 Johanssoni sp. n. (Cydia) — Aarvik & Karsholt 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 165 Jugicola Wocke, 1877 (Bucculatrix), LT; syn. n. of Bucculatrix cristatella Zeller, 1839 — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 216 Jugicolella Zerny, 1936 (Scythris), LT; now: Scythris ventosella Chrétien, 1907 — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 142 Jugurthina Grünberg, 1911, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96 Juliana ssp. n. (of Erebia flavofasciata) — Cupedo 2000 (1.vii.) 23 (2): 181 Junctivittella Christoph, 1885 (Metanarsia), LT; — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 290 Juryi Puplesis, 1991 (Stigmella), syn. n. of Stigmella paradoxa (Frey, 1858) — Nieukerken et al. 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 140 Jynxella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.iii.) 10 (1): 29 kagizmanensis nom. n. pro Lycaena osiris Bang-Haas, 1927, nec Lycaena osiris Hopffer, 1855 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142 Kalliesia gen. n. (Psychidae) — Sobczyk 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 20 kanishka sp. n. (Pseudochazara) — Aussem 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 8 karategina Stshetkin, 1980, syn. n. of Pheosia jullieni Oberthür, 1911 — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 98 98 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 karatyshica sp. n. (Dahlica) — Rutjan 2000 (1.iv.) 23 (1): 27 karelica Tengström, 1875 (var. of Penthina postremana), stat. n.; comb. n.; now: Selenodes karelica — Aarvik 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 156 karsholti sp. n. (Dyscia (subg. ?/berafrina) — Wiltshire 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 91 karsholti sp. n. (Micronoctua) — Fibiger 1997 (1.v1.) 20 (1/2): 28 karsholti sp. n. (Sciopetris) — Hattenschwiler 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 108 kazachstaniella sp. n. (Prorophora (Prorophora)) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 51 kikiae Wiltshire, 1982 (Rhodometra), comb. n.; now: Casilda — Hausmann 1993 (31. vu.) 16 (1): 32 kirghisica Viidalepp, 1988 (Scopula), syn. n. of Scopuloides fucata (Püngeler, 1909) — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 198 klimeschi sp. n. (Acrolita) — Diakonoff 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 302 klimeschi sp. n. (Tinagma) — Gaedike 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 158 klimeschi Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista), syn. rev. of Elachista juliensis Frey, 1870 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 220 kohistana sp. n. (Arctornis) — Freina 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 119 kononenkoi Kuznetsov sp. n. (Olethreutes) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 (31.xii.) 14 (3): 204 korbi Caradja, 1921 (Pterophorus), LT; comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Leioptilus — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187 | korbi Grünberg, 1911 (Macrothylacia), stat. n.; syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.11.) 7 (1): 31 koreana sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 16 kosterini sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 12 kostjuki Sinev, 2001 (Scythris), syn. n. of Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875) — Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 159 kruegeri Turati, 1911 (Nola), syn. n. of Nola subchlamydula subchlamydula Staudin- ger, 1870 — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 134 kudrnai nom. n. pro Lycaena orbitulus rebeli Tuleschkow, 1932, nec Lycaena alcon rebeli Hirschke, 1904 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142 kuldzhella Lvovsky, 1982 (Callima), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16. vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 kumatai Povolny, 1976 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empista) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234 kurentsovi Filipjev, 1962 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia stephensiana stolidana (Walker) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 kurentzovi nom. n. pro Lycaena argus orientalis Kurentzov, 1970, nec Lycaena amanda orientalis Staudinger, 1901 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142 kuwayamae Matsumura, 1919, stat. n.; now: ssp. of Ptilodon capucina (Linnaeus, 1758) — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 97 kuznetsovi nom. n. for Croesia bicolor Kuznetsov, 1964, nec Acleris bicolor Kawabe, 1963; now: Acleris — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 285 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 99 ladislai Oberthür, 1880 (Lophopteryx), comb. n.; now: Prilodon — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 99 laetornata sp. n. (Clepsis) — Wang et al. 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 50 lafauryi sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 219 lakoniensis sp. n. (Micropterix) — Heath 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 336 lambessanus Staudinger, 1901 (var. of Satyrus abdelkader), stat. n.; now Berberia — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 310 lamii Schadewald, 1992 (Phlogophora), syn. n. of Phlogophora meticulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) — Fibiger 1993 (31.vii.) 16 (1): 18 landryi sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 156 lanigera Butler, 1877 (Cerura), syn.n. of Cerura sangaica Moore, 1877 —-Schintimeister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206 lanjeronica ssp. n. (of Eucrostes indigenata) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 43 lapikella sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997a (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 40 lapillosa Meyrick, 1924 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 larseni sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 278 lata Treitschke, 1835, (Agrotis), bona sp.; stat. rev.; LT; — Zilli 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 74 laurinata Schawerda, 1919 (Horisme), syn. n. of Horisme radicaria de la Harpe, 1855 — Rezbanyai-Reser 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 350 lemuria Hering, 1926, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 lenis Philpott, 1929 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 leucanthemella Constant, 1895 (Bucculatrix), syn. n. of Bucculatrix alpina Frey, 1870 — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 214 leucobela Meyrick, 1934 (Enscepastra), comb. n.; now: Coleophora — Baldizzone 1981 (31.111.) 4 (1/2): 11 leucocyanea Zukowsky, 1929 (Synanthedon), comb. n.; now: Adixoa — Kallies 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 392 leucogaster Mann, 1872 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris tenuivittella (Stainton, 1867) — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 151 lichyi Carbonell & Brevignon, 1983 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127 limbopunctata Strand, 1915 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 243 linella Piskunov, 1975 (Scrobipalpa), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa clintoni Povolny, 1968 — Povolny 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 125 linophagana Rebel, 1939 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner, 1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 liriophorella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 60 lithodes Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 100 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 lithoxys ssp. n. (of Victrix karsiana) — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 74 longiductella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 109 longulana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Acleris lacordairana (Duponchel, 1836) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 108 lucasi sp. n. (Stenoptilia) — Arenberger 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 101 lucidaria Swinhoe, 1904 (Pseudosterrha), comb. n.; now: Casilda — Hausmann 1993 (31.vii.) 16 (1): 32 luridata Hufnagel, 1767 (Phalaena), NT; now: Scotopteryx — Huemer & Hausmann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 260 lusitanica Marten, 1943 (ssp. of Macrothylacia diagramma), syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 31 lutzernovi Chnéour, 1956 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96 lycurgus Fabricius, 1793 (Papilio), sp. rev.; now: Charaxes lycurgus — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 140 machinella Bradley, 1971 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora gardesanella Toll, 1953 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 64 mactana Rebel, 1894 (Pandemis), syn. n. of Choristoneura simonyi (Rebel, 1892) — Razowski 1979 (17.vi.) 2 (1/2): 57 maculosella Stainton, 1851 (Gelechia), LT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 119 maghrebina sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 68 magna Sp. n. (Reisseronia) — Hattenschwiler 1982 (31.111.) 5 (1): 25 magyarica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 69 magyarus sp. n. (Tosirips) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 91 maltensis ssp. n. (of Xylena exsoleta) — Fibiger et al. 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 202 mandarinca sp. n. (Eupithecia) — Mironov 2001 (10.viu.) 24 (1/2): 27 marcida Mann, 1859 (Lithosia), syn. n. of Eilema pygmaeola sordidula (Rambur, 1858) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 333 marcosae Agenjo, [1977] (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232 Mardinia Amsel, 1952, syn. n. of Pyrausta Schrank, 1802 — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 54 mariannae sp. n. (Ethmia) — Karsholt & Kun 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 208 marmorella sp. n. (Dahlica) — Herrmann 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 204 maroccana Marten, 1943 (ssp. of Macrothylacia diagramma), syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma diagramma — Freina & Witt 1984 (3 1.111.) 7 (1): 27 maroccana sp. n. (Synansphecia) — Kallies 1999 (15.vi.) 22 (2): 90 marteni Chnéour, 1935 (ab . of Satyrus abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader nelvai Seitz, 1911 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 305 massalis Walker, 1859 (Dosara), comb. n.; now: Achyra — Maes 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 177 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 101 matermea Povolny, 1974 (Empista (Zeempista)), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 mauritanica Staudinger, 1891 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96 mayrella Hübner, 1813 (Tinea), NT; now: Coleophora — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 152 mediae sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 109 mediterranea sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 201 mediterranea sp. n. (Gelechia) — Huemer 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2): 125 megalatlasica Tarrier, 1996 (ssp. of Melanargia occitanica), syn. n. of Melanargia occitanica pelagia Oberthür, 1911 — Tennent 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1): 52 megerlella Hübner, 1810 (Tinea), sp. rev.; now: Adela — Kozlov & Kaila 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 5 melli Zukowsky, 1929 (Aegeria), comb. n.; now: Glossosphecia — Kallies 2007 (15. x1.) 30 (2): 388 mellitta Meyrick, 1934 (Phalonia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325 mendesi sp. n. (Agonopterix) — Corley 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 26 meridionalis Tutt, 1901 (Lasiocampa), syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93 mesomelaena Hampson, 1902 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 243 messmeri Schadewald, 1992 (Autographa), syn. n. of Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) — Fibiger 1993 (31.vii.) 16 (1): 18 metallicella Fuchs, 1903 (Coleophora), NT; syn. n. of Coleophora cuprariella Lienig & Zeller, 1847 — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 144 meteorica Sp. n. (Scrobipalpa) — Povolny 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 268 micrasiatica ssp. n. (of Turanana taygetica) — Courtsis 2006 (14.viu.) 29 (1/2): 18 Microbaena gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 21 Microloxiini tribus n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 56 Micronoctua gen. n. (Noctuidae) — Fibiger 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 24 miguelensis Le Cerf, 1935 (ssp. of Satyrus azorinus), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Hippar- chia (azorina) — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 176 mikkolai sp. n. (Cauchas) — Kozlov 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 114 Mimcochylis gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 61 minimella sp. n. (Mirificarma) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 48 minimella sp. n. (Myeloiodes) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 53 minor Alhéraky, 1892 (var. of Eusarca jacularia), syn. n. of Rhodostrophia jacularia (Hübner, 1813) — Sihvonen & Nupponen 2005 (12.viii.) 28 (2): 114 minor SSp. n. (of Microbaena pulchra) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 23 minorella Rebel, 1899 (Brachycrossata), LT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 124 102 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 minuscularia Ribbe, 1912 (ssp. of Acidalia virgularia), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Idaea — Mentzer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 298 minuta Sp. n. (Dryadaula) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 160 minuta Walsingham, 1900 (Capua), comb. n.; now: Minutargyrotoza — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.1x.) 14 (2): 189 Minutargyrotoza gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Yasuda & Razowski 1991 (30.ix.) 14 (2): 188 mirana Kuznetsov, 1981 (Aphiaris), syn. n. of Ukamenia sapporensis (Matsumura, 1931) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 miranda Oberthür, 1894 (Chelonia), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Spiris striata — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 229 mirzaellus nom. n. pro Lycaena mirza Plôtz, 1880, nec mirza Staudinger — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141 modesta Staudinger, 1871 (Metanarsia), LT; — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 280 mongolensis nom. n. pro Lycaena damon mongolica Kurentzov, 1970, nec Lycaena argus mongolica Rühl, 1893 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 143 moni sp. n. (Melittia) — de Freina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 52 monophragma Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 monotona Amsel, 1953 (Thyridopsis), comb. n.; now: Epimetasia — Nuss et al. 2006 (14. vin.) 29 (1/2): 41 monotonica Kuznetsov sp. n. (Gypsonoma) — Kuznetsov & Mikkola 1991 31. xu.) 14 (5): 211 montana Bergmann, 1953, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus, f. alpina — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93 monticola Moriuti, 1982 (Phaulernis), syn. n. of Phaulernis fulviguttella (Zeller, 1939) — Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 92 mosaica Sp. n. (Altipolia) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 364 Moureia Orfila & Rossi, 1956 (Noctuidae), stat. n.; now subgenus of Victrix Staudinger, 1879 — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 69 moyaerü Ebert, 1971 (Ochrostigma), comb. n.; now: Drymonia — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.v1.) 10 (2): 98 mucronata Scopoli, 1763 (Phalaena), NT; now: Scotopteryx — Huemer & Hausmann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 255 muralis sp. n. (Acanthopsyche) — Hättenschwiler 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 72 mutilata Strand, 1909 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 242 Myeloiodes gen. n. (Pyralidae) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.v1.) 27 (1): 51 nadezhdae Lvovsky, 1985 (Promalactis), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 nanosella sp. n. (Postsolenobia) — Petru & Liska 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 3 narymica ssp. n. (Erebia pandrose) — Cupedo 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 343 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 103 neapolitana Stauder, 1921 (f. of Satyrus semele), LT; now: Hipparchia senthes — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 204 nedae sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 17 neglecta Philpott, 1924 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 neglectus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 184 Neogaurena Roepke, 1944 (Noctuidae), syn. n. of Takapsestis Matsumura, 1933 — Yoshimoto 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 239 Neostauropus Kiriakoff, 1967, syn. n. of Stauropus Germar, 1812 — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 97 neriaria Herrich-Schäffer, 1852 (Geometra (Phorodesma)), comb. n.; now: Proteu- chloris — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 25 nesiotica sp. n. (Cnephasia) — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 235 nevadella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 211 nielseni sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entreves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 158 nigromaculata ssp. n. (of Pseudocinglis benigna) — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 209 nigroramosa Christoph, 1893, comb. n.; now: ssp. of Paradrymonia vittata (Staudinger, 1892) — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 98 nippei de Freina, 1988 (Eriogaster), syn. n. of Eriogaster inspersa Staudinger, 1879 — Zolotuhin 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 46 nivella sp. n. (Merrifieldia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xii.) 24 (3): 22 obfuscata Nakamura, 1978 (ssp. of Phalera birmicola), syn. n. of Phalera grotei Moore, 1859 — Schintlmeister 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 206 obliquella Stainton, 1854 (Elachista), NT — Kozlov & Kaila 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 7 obscurella Klemensiewicz, 1899 (var. of Bucculatrix fatigatella), syn. n. of Bucculatrix humiliella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 — Mey 1999 (1.ix.) 22 (3): 218 obscuriolas Betti, 1977 (ssp. of Jolana iolas), syn. n. of lolana iolas iolas — Fazekas 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 22 occidentalis Bivar de Sousa, 1982 (ssp. of Hipparchia (Parahipparchia) azorina), syn. n.; comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Hipparchia (azorina) azorina — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 172 occidentalis Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Diacrisia obliqua), LT; now: Spilosoma bisecta Leech, 1888 — Thomas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 179 ochricolor Erschoff, 1877 (Oecophora), comb. n.; now: Crassa — Lvovsky 2003 (16. vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 218 ochrocephala sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 35 Ochrognesiini Inoue, 1961 (Geometridae), syn. n. of Nemoriini Gumppenberg, 1887 — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 31 ochroplasta sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.iii.) 8 (1): 64 omanica sp. n. (Leucoptera) — Mey 1998 (10.vii.) 21 (2): 107 omanirana sp. n. (Creatonotus) — de Freina 2007 (15.xi.) 30 (2): 376 104 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 obliquana Eversmann, 1844 (Cochylis), LT; now: Cochylimorpha — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 108 obtusana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Acleris — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 108 ochrographa sp. n. (Bactra (Chiloides)) — Diakonoff 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 243 onurcani Sp. n. (Perizoma) — Can & Mironov 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 163 orbiculata sp. n. (Rhopalovalva) — Zhang & Li 2004 (23.xii.) 27 (2/3): 241 oreina Sp. n. (Chersotis) — Dufay 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 8. origalis Brandt, 1941 (Glossostrophia), comb. n.; now: Scopuloides — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 201 Orinympha Meyrick, 1927 (Yponomeutidae), syn. n. of Atemelia — Kyrki 1990 (31. ii.) 13 (1): 36 orobi Stainton, 1870 (Cemiostoma) LT; now: Leucoptera — Kaila & Wikström 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 188 orpheus Sp. n. (Aricia (Ultraaricia)) — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 63 orphicus ssp. n. of Polyommatus dantchenkoi — Kolev 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1): 26 osmana Sp. n. (Gortyna) — Hacker & Kuhna 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 184 ossealis Staudinger, 1880 (Metasia), previously a syn. of Palepicorsia ustrinalis, stat. rev.; LT; now bona sp. of Metasia — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 52 osthelderi sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 278 ovata sp. n. (Rhopalovalva) — Zhang & Li 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 240 oxiana Djakonov, 1929 (Paragluphisia), comb. n.; now: Gluphisia — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 101 paghmanus sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 187 palaearctica palaearctica Povolny, 1968 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empis- ta) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234 palaearctica secunda Povolny, 1976 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empista) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234 palaestinensis Staudinger, 1901 (var. of Melanargia titea), LT; syn. n. of Melanargia titea titanea — Wagener 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 181 palawanicola nom. n. pro Papilio macareus maccabeus Staudinger, 1889, nec Herbst, 1796 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 139 Palepicorsia Maes, 1995 (Crambidae), stat. rev. — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 53 pallidella Zagulajev, 1997 (Solenobia), comb. n., now: Dahlica — Sauter & Hätten- schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 pallidior Spuler, 1892 (ssp. of Doritis apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinaris apol- linaris (Staudinger, [1892]) — Freina 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 127 palmensis sp. n. (Luffia) — Sobczyk 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 12 paludicola Wallengren, 1859 (Mimaeseoptilus), LT; syn. n. of Stenoptilia pterodactyla (Linnaeus, 1761) — Arenberger 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 97 palumbaria |Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775 (Geometra), NT; now: Scotopteryx — Huemer & Hausmann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 260 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 105 palumbaria Treitschke, 1827 (Aspilates), LT; now: Scotopteryx — Huemer & Haus- mann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 256 pamphyla sp. n. (Synanthedon) — Kallies 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 38 pannonica Daniel, 1955 (ssp. of Coscinia cribraria), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 232 Paraargyresthia (Argyresthiidae), syn. n. of Argyresthia — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 36 parachalca Meyrick, 1916 (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 147 paradisea Butler, 1881 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemophora decisella (Walker, 1863) — Kozlov & Robinson 1996 (31.1.) 18 (1995) (1): 43 Paragluphisia Djakonov, 1929, syn. n. of Gluphisia Boisduval, 1828 — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 101 parallelifascia Rothschild, Hartert & Jordan, 1917 (ssp. of Metanastria diagramma), stat. n.; syn. n. of Macrothylacia diagramma alphacaria — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.11.) 7 (1): 31 Parametanarsia Gerasimov, 1930 (Gelechiidae), syn. n. of Metanarsia Staudinger, 1871 — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 274 parapleura Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 paroctas Meyrick, 1913 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238 parodia Gozmäny, 1988 (Oegoconia), comb. n.; now: Apatema — Sutter 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 201 parvula Philpott, 1930 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 parvulana Wilkinson, 1859 (Catoptria), LT; sp. rev.; now: Eucosma — Agassiz & Langmaid 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 46 pelopides ssp. n. of Kretania eurypilus Freyer — Poorten 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 164 pelsonius ssp. n. of Agriphila tolli Bleszynski — Fazekas 1985 (31.111.)8 (1): 17 pelsonius (ssp. of Agriphila tolli), syn. n. of Agriphila tolli tolli Bleszynski —- Gozmany 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 285 pentactinana Mann, 1855 (Cochylis), syn. n. of Stenodes decolorella (Zeller, 1839) — Sattler 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 257 peramplana Hiibner, 1825 (Epagoge), comb. n.; now: Aphelia — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viil.) 25 (1): 19 peregrina sp. n. (Prays) — Agassiz 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 408 pergrandella Rebel, 1917 (Gelechia), LT; comb. n.; now: Chionodes — Sattler 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 257 perixesta Collenette, 1961 (Euproctis), comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 perlana Frolich, 1830 (Tortrix), syn. n. of Eublemma pulchralis (Villers, 1789) — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.vii.) 25 (1): 20 106 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 perpulchrana Kennel, 1901 (Tortrix), comb. n.; now: Tosirips — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 88 persana sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 114 persica sp. n. (Thetidia (Antonechloris)) — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 27 persimilana Rebel, 1894 (Pandemis), syn. n. of Choristoneura simonyi (Rebel, 1892) — Razowski 1979 (17.vin.) 2 (1/2): 57 persimilis Rothschild, 1914 (Diacrisia), LT; now: Spilosoma — Thomas 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 181 perunovi Dubatolov, 1990 (ssp. of Holoarctia cervini), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Holoarctia puengeleri — Pöyry & Kullberg 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 61 peterseni sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 197 peterseni Povolny, 1965 (Ilseopsis), comb. n.; now: Scrobipalpa — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 231 pfisteri ssp. n. (of Setina aurita) — Burmann & Tarmann 1985 (30.ix.): 8 (3): 247 Phaiogramma Gumppenberg, 1887 (Geometridae), stat. n. — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 50 phantasma Marten, 1955 (ssp. of Lemonia philopalus), syn. n. of Lemonia philopalus vazquezi Oberthür, 1916 — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 90 Phantosoma gen. n. (Lasiocampidae) — Zolotuhin & Kostjuk 2000 (1.vii.) 23 (2): 141 pharetria Meyrick, 1886 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 phasmatica Meyrick, 1937 (Meritastis), comb. n.; now: Amphicoecia — Rare 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 285 piae sp. n. (Ptilocephala) — Hättenschwiler 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 241 piculus sp. n. (Acalyptris) — Puplesis 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 85 pinkeri sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.v1.) 5 (2/3): 57 piskunovi sp. n. (Metanarsia) — Bidzilya 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 288 pista Diakonoff, 1984 (Phalonidia), comb. n.; now: Piercea Filipjev, 1940 — Razowski 1992 (31.111.) 14 (1991) (4): 325 plagiusa sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 62 planola sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 61 plasmodia sp. n. (Mimcochylis) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 62 Platphalonidia gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 58 platyphyllae Oku, 1965 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora zelleriella Heinemann, 1854 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 69 plemochoa Meyrick, 1916 (Phthorimaea), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 plumbaria Fabricius, 1775 (Phalaena), LT; now: ssp. of Scotopteryx luridata. — Huemer & Hausmann 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 260 polemia Prout, 1920 (Microloxia), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann 1996 QL xi iol 253 Poliobrya Hampson, 1908 (Noctuidae), stat. n.; now subgenus of Victrix Staudinger, 1879 — Varga & Ronkay 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 69 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 107 ponomarenkoae sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 128 porrectella Caradja, 1920 (ssp. of Scythris grandipennis), LT; now: Scythris grandipennis (Haworth, 1828) — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 143 poulella Busck, 1904 (Plutella), comb. n.; now: Rhigognostis — Kyrki 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 35 powelli Le Cerf, 1916 (Chamaesphecia), comb. rev. from Synansphecia — Kallies 1999 (15.vi.) 22 (2): 110 powelli Oberthür, 1922, sp. rev.; now Brachodes — Kallies & Spatenka 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 156 praeposita Toll, 1952 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora involucrella Chretien, 1905 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.ix.) 4 (3): 71 praesaga Corti, 1932 (Euxoa), syn. n. of Euxoa cos crimea — Plante 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 136 predotaria Hartig, 1951 (ssp. of Sterrha incarnaria), LY; stat. n.; comb. n.; now: Idaea — Raineri 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 188 prodigellus Zeller, 1853, sp. rev.; now: Nemotois — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 121 producta Walker, 1863 (Euproctis), comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 protector sp. n. (Douzdrina) — de Laever 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 149 protector de Laever, 1985 (Douzdrina), syn. n. of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) — de Bros 1985 (31.x11.) 8 (4): 385 Proteuchloris gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 24 pruinosata (Staudinger, 1898) (Holoterpna), LT; — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 18 pseudoalbiflua sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 56 Pseudocinglis gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 203 pseudofuscoaenea sp. n. (Coleophora) — Stübner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 158 pseudohumigena sp. n. (Euxoa) — Plante 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 347 pseudojezonica ssp. n. (of Emmelina jezonica) — Derra 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 71 puengeleri O. Bang-Haas, 1927 (Orodemnias), stat. rev.; now: Holoarctia — Poyry & Kullberg 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 55 pulchra sp. n. (Phaulernis) — Gaedike 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 93 pulchra Staudinger, 1897 (Phorodesma), comb. n.; now: Microbaena — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 22 pullana Eversmann, 1844 (Sericoris) LT; now: Epinotia cruciana (Linnaeus, 1761) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 109 pulmentaria Guenée, 1857 (Chlorissa), comb. n.; now: Phaiogramma — Hausmann 1996 (21.xi.) 19 (1/2): 51 pulverana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Clepsis senecionana (Hübner, 1819) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 109 pumicana Zeller, 1847 (Sciaphila), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner, 1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 108 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 pumila Philpott, 1928 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 punctigera Freyer, 1834 (Bombyx), syn. n. of Coscinia cribraria cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 231 punica sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 216 purpurea sp. n. (Altipolia) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 365 purpureus Stainton, 1867 (Nemotois), syn. n. of Nemotois fasciella (Fabricius, 1775) — Kozlov 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 122 putilla Saalmüller, 1884 (Euproctis) comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 pyrenaella sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 117 pyrenaella sp. n. (Penestoglossa) — Herrmann 2006 (14.viii.) 29 (1/2): 90 pyrophagana Rebel, 1939 (Cnephasia), syn. n. of Cnephasia pasiuana (Hübner, 1796) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 288 quadratana Eversmann, 1844 (Grapholitha), LT; now: Epiblema sticticana (Fabri- cius, 1894) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 110 quadrativalvata sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 84 quieta Philpott, 1927 (Phthorimaea), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 radicaria de la Harpe, 1855 (Horisme), NT; — Rezbanyai-Reser 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 392 radiolana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Catoptria verella Zincken, 1817 — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 113 radoti Homberg, 1911 (ssp. of Hypopta caestrum), stat. n.; now: Parahypopta — Yakovlev 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 418 ragusai Verity, 1919 (ssp. of Thymelicus acteon), sp. rev.; now: Thymelicus ragusai — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 143 raikhonae Noreika, sp. n. (Phyllonorycter) — Noreika & Puplesis 1992 (31.x11.) 15 (2): 131 ramosella Müller-Rutz, 1934 (Lita), sp. rev.; LT; now: Scrobipalpula — Huemer & Karsholt 1998 (8.111.) 21 (1): 51 rangnowi (ssp. of Lycaeides argyrognomon), nom. n. pro Lycanea ismenias violaceus Rangnow, 1935, nec Lycaena splendens violaceus Staudinger, 1892 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 141 raptans Sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 114 redae Sp. n. (Satyrium) — Bozano 1993 (30.1v.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 179 reisseri ssp. n. (of Euchloe tagis) — Back & Reissinger 1989 (30.vi.) 12 (2): 96 relicta Koshantschikov, 1923 (Duomitella), LT; now: Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794) — Yakovlev 2006 (17.11.) 28 (2005) (3/4): 159 remizella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 74 renatae Sp. n. (Merrifieldia) — Skyva & Elsner 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 115 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 109 renatae Sp. n. (Micropterix) — Kurz et al. 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 294 renetae Sp. n. (Talis) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 249 repentella Chrétien, 1908 (Lita), LT; syn. n. of Caryocolum petryi (Hofmann, 1899) — Huemer & Luquet 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 30 repentis sp. n. (Caryocolum) — Huemer & Luquet 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 35 resplendella Stainton, 1851 (Aechmia), LT; now: Heliozela — Mutanen et al. 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 81 retusella Rebel, 1891 (Xystophora), syn. n. of Scrobipalpula tussilaginis (Stainton, 1867) — Huemer & Karsholt 1998 (8.111.) 21 (1): 60 rhamniella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 (Bucculatrix), LT; — Mey 1999 (1.1x.) 22 (3): 219 rianella sp. n. (Dahlica) — Hättenschwiler 1981 (31.111.) 4 (1/2): 21 ribasella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1982 (30.v1.) 5 (2/3): 70 ribentella sp. n. (Elachista) ) — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 232 rjabovianus nom. n. pro Agrodiaetus rjabovi Forster, 1960, nec Lycaena thersites rjabovi Obraztsov, 1936 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 142 roboris Schrank, 1801, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93 romeii Rothschild, 1933 (ssp. of Saryrus abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia lambessanus Staudinger, 1901 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 310 rosiphila Puplesis, sp. n. (Ectoedemia) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 55 rotunda sp. n. (Proutia) — Suomalainen 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 231 rufa Houlbert, 1921 (Palimpsestis), LT; syn. n. of Tethea or ([Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775) — Yoshimoto 1989 (30.x1.) 12 (3): 227 rufistrigata Hampson, 1896 (Ephyra), comb. n.; now: Pseudosterrha — Hausmann 1993 (31.v11.) 16 (1): 24 rugosana Hübner, 1799 (Tortrix), NT; now: Phtheochroa — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 272 ruizi Dionisio, 1980, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 96 rungsi Rougeot, 1971 (ssp. of Lemonia philopalus), syn. n. of Lemonia philopalus vazquezi Oberthür, 1916 — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 90 ruoergensis Chou & Ying, 1979 (Gynaephora), syn. n. of Gynaephora (Dasorgyia) selenophora Staudinger, 1887 — Spitzer 1984 (30.v1.) 7 (2): 183 ruthae Traugott-Olsen, 1994 (Biselachista) syn. n. of Elachista occidentalis Frey, 1882 — Kaila & Varalda 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 226 sachalinensis Matsumura, 1930 (Lithosia), LT; now: Eilema (Collita) griseola sacha- linensis — Ignatyev & Witt, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 29 saharae Slaby, 1981 (ssp. of Berberia abdelkader), syn. n. of Berberia abdelkader taghzefti Wyatt, 1952 — Tennent 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 308 saifulica ssp. n. (of Brahmaea wallichii) — Freina & Witt 1982 (30.vi.) 5 (2/3): 81 saleri sp. n. (Idaea) — Dominguez & Baixeras 1992 (31.xii.) 15 (2): 103 salicicola Park, 1995 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.xii.) 22 (4): 238 110 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 salicicolella Kuznetzov, 1960 (Nothris), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 238 sammut sp. n. (Cydia (Kenneliola)) — Diakonoff 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 170 samnitica Dannehl, 1929, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii trifolii — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 95 sapindivora Clarke, 1958 (Chelaria), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.xii.) 22 (4): 238 sappadensis sp. n. (Scythris) — Bengtsson & Sutter 1992 (31.xii.) 15 (2): 95 sardoa Turati, 1913, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96 sareptensis Rothschild, 1912 (Cossus), comb. n.; now: Holcocerus — Yakovlev 2004 (23.x11.) 27 (2/3): 195 sarobiella (Paratinea), comb. n.; now: Crypsithyris — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 167 schahrudensis nom. n. pro Pieris chloridice albidice Staudinger, 1901, nec Pieris daplidice albidice Oberthiir, 1881 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 139 schematica Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 schepleri sp. n. (Acompsia (Acompsia)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 129 sciurella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 33 scopoli Carnelutti & Michieli, 1960, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus dalmatina — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 94 Scopuloides gen. n. (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 196 scurella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (Calotrypis), syn. n. of Epermenia (Epermenia) scurella (Stainton, 1851) — Gaedike 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 230 scutana Constant, 1893 (Grapholitha), syn. n. of Eucosma parvulana (Wilkinson, 1859) — Agassiz & Langmaid 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 46 scutifera sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 164 scythica sp. n. (Mehara) — Komarov & Zolotuhin 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1): 52 sellingi sp. n. (Orthosia) — Fibiger et al. 1996 (13.v.) 18 (1995) (3/4): 204 semidiaphana Zukowsky, 1929 (Paranthrene), comb. n.; now: Nokona — Kallies 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 391 semifasciata Failla, 1888, syn. n. of Lasiocampa trifolii cocles — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96 semisudetica ssp. n. (of Erebia melampus) — Cupedo 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 116 senecai sp. n. (Dyscia) — Wiltshire 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 355 seravshanica Stshetkin, 1984 (ssp. of Pseudothecla cyri), comb. n.; now: ssp. of Armenia hyrcanica — Weidenhoffer & Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 244 sericata sp. n. (Amicta) — Hattenschwiler & Alemansoor 2006 (14.viti.) 29 (1/2): 80 serrata sp. n. (Gnorismoneura) — Wang et al. 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 84 Setema gen. n. (Arctiidae) — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 331 shohami sp. n. (Myinodes) — Hausmann 1994 (30.x1.) 17 (1/2): 38 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 El) sibiricus Caradja, 1921 (var. of Pterophorus scarodactylus), LT; syn. n. of Leioptilus distinctus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187 siciliana Oberthür, 1914 (ssp. of Satyrus semele), syn.n.; LT; now: Hipparchia senthes — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 204 siliquella Constant, 1893 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora oriolella Zedller, 1849 - Baldizzone 1981 (30.ix.) 4 (3): 71 similella sp. n. (Nemapogon) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 162 similis Fuessly, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 simonyi Rebei, 1892 (Pandemis), comb. n., now: Choristoneura — Razowski 1979 (17 vit.) 2 (1/2): 57 sinecarina sp. n. (Phtheochroa) — Huemer 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 275 sinevi sp. n. (Nemophora) — Kozlov 1997 (1.v1.) 20 (1/2): 33 sinjovi sp. n. (Epermenia (Calotripis)) — Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 99 skoui sp. n. (Xanthorhoe) — Viidalepp & Hausmann 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 104 slovenica Daniel, 1939 (ssp. of Coscinia striata), syn. n. of Spiris striata striata (Lin- naeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 227 sonamagensis Sp. n. (Altipolia) — Plante 1985 (31.x11.): 8 (4): 365 sordidior Rothschild, 1914 (ssp. of Bombyx decolorata), syn. n. of Lasiocampa decolorata decolorata — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96 sordidula Rambur, 1858 (Lithosia), stat. n.; now: ssp. of Eilema pygmaeola — Freina & Witt 1984 (31.x11.) 7 (4): 333 Sphrageidus gen. n. (Lymantriidae) — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 spinosa Povolny, 1976 (Empista), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Empista) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 234 splendida Gerber, 1979 (ssp. of Orodemnias cervini), syn. n. of Holoarctia cervini (Fallou, 1864) — Pöyry & Kullberg 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 50 staudingeri sp. n. (Brachodes) — Kallies 1998 (15.x.) 21 (3): 180 stefanii de Joannis, 1899 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora seriipennella Christoph, 1872 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 73 Stenopteron gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 287 stettinensis Leraut, 2003, syn. n. of Acleris effractana (Hübner, 1799) — Karsholt et al. 2005 (12.vii.) 28 (2): 94 stigmatana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Aphelia — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 110 strictelloides Gaedike, 1977 (Epermenia), syn. n. of Epermenia strictella (Wocke, 1867) — Gaedike 1993 (30.x1.) 16 (2): 98 subaerariella Stainton, 1867 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 150 subalpina Agassiz, 1900, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus, f. alpina — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 93 subflabella Stainton, 1867 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris inclusella Lederer, 1855 — Passerin d’Entréves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 146 subzuzukiella Lvovsky, 1985 (Promalactis), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 112 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 sulcitana ssp. n. (of Zygaena (Agrumenia) orana) — Bordoni & Leo 1985 (30.ix.): 8 (3): 269 sutshana Draudt, 1935 (f. of Panolis flammea), syn. n. of Panolis japonica Draudt, 1935 — Kononenko & Mikkola 1989 (30.iv.) 12 (1): 31 syriaca Osthelder, 1933 (ssp. of Parastichtis monoglypha), comb. n.; bona sp.; now: Apamea — Dufay 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 114 syriacus ssp. n. (of Tosirips magyarus) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 91 syriella sp. n. (Acompsia (Telephila)) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.x1.) 25 (2/3): 133 tabestana sp. n. (Rhodostrophia) — Trusch & Hausmann, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 8 tachengensis Cai, 1979, syn. n. of Pterostoma palpina (Clerck, 1759) — Schintlmeister et al. 1987 (30.vi.) 10 (2): 98 tadzhikella Lvovsky, 1982 (Callima), comb. n.; now: Epicallima — Lvovsky 2003 (16.vi.) 25 (2002) (4): 217 takowensis sp. n. (Achyra) — Maes 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 178 talassica Puplesis, sp. n. (Stigmella) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 54 talgarella sp. n. (Cauchas) — Kozlov 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 117 talgarica Solyanikov, 1991 (Fumea),comb.n.; now: Bruandia—Sauter & Hättenschwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 tallosi Kovacs & Varga, 1969 (Apamea), syn. n. of Apamea syriaca — Dufay 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 114 | tamensis Waters, 1929 (Coleophora), status rev.; now: Coleophora cratipennella Clemens, 1864 — Baldizzone & J.-F. Landry 1993 (31.vu.) 16 (1): 4 tanaella sp. n. (Elachista) — Aarvik & Berggren 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 84 tanis Swinhoe, 1917 (Hypena), comb. n.; now: Dichromia — Lödl 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 243 taurella Caradja, 1920 (Scythris), LT; syn. n. of Scythris balanophora Meyrick, 1916 — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 148 tauromeniella sp. n. (Scythris) — Passerin d’Entréves & Roggero 2004 (31.1.) 26 (2003) (3/4): 154 taygetica Rebel, 1902 (var. of Lycaena panagaea), stat. n.; NT; now: ssp. of Turanana taygetica — Coutsis 2005 (7.1.) 27 (2004) (4): 266 tayulingensis sp. n. (Mamestra) — Yoshimoto 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 290 tecticola Thomann, 1951 (Setina), syn. n. of Setina aurita aurita (Esper, 1787) — Burmann & Tarmann 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 263 teichiana sp. n. (Dichrorampha) — Sulcs & Kerppola 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 301 teneriffella sp. n. (Coleophora) —Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 30 tenuata Fuchs, 1880, syn. n. of Lasiocampa quercus quercus — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 93 tenuivittella Stainton, 1867 (Butalis), LT; now: Scythris — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 151 terebra Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775 (Bombyx) comb. n.; now: Acossus — Yakovlev 2007 (15.x1.) 30 (2): 417 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 ris tergana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Aethes triangulana (Treitschke, 1835) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 111 tertia sp. n. (Noctua) — Mentzer et al. 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 37 testaceana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 111 Thermocrates Meyrick, 1936, syn. n. of Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893 — Robinson 1988 (30.iv.) 11 (1): 74 thomasi sp. n. (Oncocnemis) — Plante 1986 (31.111.) 9 (1/2): 97 thracicus Buresch, 1915 (var. of Doritis apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apol- linus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 126 thyraula Meyrick, 1885 (Gelechia), comb. n.; now: Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 Thyridopsis Amsel, 1953, syn. n. of Epimetasia Ragonot, 1894 — Nuss et al. 2006 (14. vill.) 29 (1/2): 38 tianshanica Seksjaeva sp. n. (Bucculatrix) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 59 tilosi Manil, 1984 (ssp. of Hipparchia wyssii), stat. n.; now: Hipparchia — Wiemers 1991 (31.xu.) 14 (3): 271 titania Caberla, 1891 (var. of Melanargia titea), NT; now: ssp. of Melanargia titea — Wagener 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 181 titania Standfuss, 1892 (var. of Melanargia titea), NT; now: Melanargia titea stand- Jussi nom. n. pro fitea titania Standfuss, 1892 — Wagener 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 185 titea Klug, 1832 (Hipparchia), LT; now: ssp. of Melanargia titea — Wagener 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 177 Tosirips gen. n. (Tortricidae) — Razowski 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 87 totanae sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 212 toubkalella sp. n. (Gracillaria) — Prins 1985 (31.xi1.): 8 (4): 351 toulechkoffi nom. n. pro Hadena platinea grisescens Toulechkoff, 1951, nec Hadena basilinea grisescens Staudinger, 1889 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144 transsilvanica sp. n. (Siederia) — Herrmann & Weidlich 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1): 12 traugotti sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 210 traugotti sp. n. (Teleiodes) — Huemer & Karsholt 2001 (21.x11.) 24 (3): 47 tremalzoi sp. n. (Scythris) — Bengtsson & Sutter 1992 (31.x1i.) 15 (2): 93 tribertii sp. n. (Infurcitinea) — Baldizzone 1983 (31.111.) 6 (1): 17 trichophagoides Zerny, 1935 (Tinea), syn. n. of Xerantica tephroclysta Meyrick, 1930 — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 168 trichopterella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 208 tridentifera sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.ix.): 8 (3): 214 trimaculata (Paratinea), comb. n.; now: Crypsithyris — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 167 trimaura sp. n. (Strepsicrates) — Diakonoff 1985 (31.xii.): 8 (4): 306 tripunctella [Denis & Schiffermiiller], 1775, NT; now: Acompsia (Acompsia) — Huemer & Karsholt 2002 (15.xi.) 25 (2/3): 125 tripsiana Eversmann, 1844 (Tortrix), LT; now: Phtheochroa inopiana (Haworth, 1811) — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 112 114 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 trisyllaba Puplesis, sp. n. (Stigmella) — Puplesis et al. 1992 (31.v.) 15 (1): 51 troughti Amsel, 1955 (Eochorica), comb. n.; now: Typhonia — Sobczyk 2004 (28.vi.) 27.1): 25 tsekouensis ssp. n. (of Sephisa dichroa) — Nguyen 1984 (31.xii.) 7 (4): 340 tshatkalica Solyanıkov, 1991 (Fumea), comb. n.; now: Bruandia — Sauter & Hätten- schwiler 1999 (1.x11.) 22 (4): 265 tugaella Ponomarenko, 1995 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.x11.722:.(4):238 tunisiae Stübner & Baldizzone, sp. n. (Coleophora) — Stübner, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 138 tunisiana Sp. n. (Cydia) — Aarvik & Karsholt 1993 (30.ıv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 167 turanicus Puplesis, 1984 (Microcalyptris), syn. n. of Acalyptris lvovskyi (Puplesis, 1984) — Puplesis 1990 (31.111.) 13 (1): 67 turbidellus Caradja, 1921 (Pterophorus (var.?)), LT; syn. n. of Leioptilus trimmato- dactylus (Christoph, 1872) — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 188 turcica sp. n. (Crypsithyris) — Gaedike 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 167 turcicola nom. n. pro Agrotis forcipula obscurior Draudt, 1933, nec Agrotis sollers obscurior Staudinger, 1889 — Kocak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 144 turkmeniella Piskunov, 1973 (Scrobipalpa), syn. n. of Scrobipalpa maniaca Povolny, 1969 — Povolny 1982 (30.v1.) 5 (2/3): 126 turkmeniella sp. n. (Ethmia) — Dubatolov & Ustjuzhanin 1998 (10.vu.) 21 (2): 101 turkmeniensis sp. n. (Ocrisiodes) — Asselbergs 2004 (28.vi.) 27 (1): 54 turlini Griveaud, 1977, comb. n.; now: Sphrageidus — Maes 1984 (31.111.) 7 (1): 56 tutulella Zerny, 1927 (Nola), syn. n. of Nola cucullatella cucullatella (Linnaeus, 1758) — Freina & Witt 1984 (30.vi.) 7 (2): 133 umbraculana Eversmann, 1844 (Teras), LT; now: Pelochrista — Nedoshivina 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 100 undulata Danilevskij, 1962, comb. n.; now Phtheochroa — Razowski 1989 (31.1.) 11 (1988) (4): 285 unicolorata sp. n. (Hemidromodes) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 62 unicolorella De Joannis, 1909 (Scythris), LT; now: Scythris grandipennis (Haworth, 1828) — Passerin d’Entreves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 143 uralskiensis Gibeaux, 1995 (Gillmeria), syn. n. of Gillmeria armeniaca (Zagulajev, 1984) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xi1.) 24 (3): 25 urartua sp. n. (Brachylomia) — Hacker & Kuhna 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 181 urartua sp. n. (Hyponephele) — Freina & Aussem 1986 (31.x11.) 9 (3/4): 200 urbahni ssp. n. (of Aplocera praeformata) — Dufay 1981 (31.111.) 4 (1/2): 16 urmijensis Zagulajev, 1996 (Agdistis), syn. n. of Agdistis frankeniae (Zeller, 1874) — Alipanah & Ustjuzhanin 2007 (19.1.) 29 (2006) (3/4): 178 Urodidae new family (Type-genus Urodus) — Kyrki 1988 (30.1v.) 11 (1): 53 usambaraensis nom. n. pro Papilio brontes australis Van Someren, 1961, nec Papilio rumina australis Esper, 1781 — Koçak 1980 (31.v.) 2 (1979) (4): 139 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 115 ustrinalis Christoph, 1877 (Botys), comb. n.; now: Palepicorsia — Maes 2002 (1.111.) 24 (2001) (4): 53 valesiana Rebel, 1907 (Olethreutes), comb. n.; now: Phiaris — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.vin.) 25 (1): 19 valletai de Lattin, 1952 (ssp. of Hipparchia algirica), syn. n. of Hipparchia senthes — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 205 valletai Valletta, 1972 (ssp. of Hipparchia algirica), syn. n. of Hipparchia senthes — Olivier & Coutsis 1997 (10.x11.) 20 (3/4): 205 vallicolella Costa, 1885 (ssp. of Agriphila latistria), NT; syn. n. of Agriphila latistria latistria (Haworth, 1811) — Fazekas 1990 (30.1x.) 13 (2/3): 125 vandarbani Pfeiffer, 1937 (ssp. of Lycaena hyacinthus), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Aricia (Ultraaricia) — Nekrutenko 1980 (1.vi.) 3 (1/2): 62 vanderwolfi sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1985 (30.1x.): 8 (3): 213 vantshica Viidalepp, 1988 (Scopula), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: ssp. of Scopuloides origalis — Hausmann 1994 (31.111.) 16 (1993) (3/4): 202 variicornis Toll, 1952 (Coleophora), stat. rev. — Nuss & Stiibner 2003 (30.x.) 26 (1/2): 29 vasconiella Rössler, 1877 (Lita), comb. n.; now: Scrobipalpa — Povolny 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 82 vasilevi Ganev, 1983 (Agriphila), syn. n. of Agriphila brioniella (Zerny, 1914) — Fazekas 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 120 vasilevi sp. n. (Agriphila) — Ganev 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 210 vastaria Christoph, 1877 (Eusarca), LY; now: Rhodostrophia — Trusch & Hausmann, 2007 (15.v.) 30 (1): 15 ventosella Chrétien, 1907 (Scythris), LT; — Passerin d’Entrèves 1996 (29.11.) 18 (1995) (2): 141 venustana Frölich, 1828 (Tortrix), syn. n. of Celypha aurofasciana (Haworth, 1811) — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viii.) 25 (1): 19 venustana Frölich, 1828 (Tortrix), syn. n. of Celypha aurofasciana (Haworth, 1811) — Speidel & Aarvik 2002 (1.viii.) 25 (1): 19 verkerki sp. n. (Eudarcia (Abchagleris)) — Gaedike & Henderickx 1999 (1.111.) 22 (1): 3 verucha ssp. n. (of Pelatea klugiana) — Nedoshivina & Zolotuhin 2005 (7.vi.) 28 (1): 3 vestalis Hampson, 1900 (Pionea), syn. n. of Epimetasia vestalis Ragonot, 1894 — Nuss et al. 2006 (14. viii.) 29 (1/2): 38 Victorinella subgen. n. of Victoria Warren, 1897 (Geometridae) — Hausmann 1996 (21. x1.) 19 (1/2): 38 vigilis Meyrick, 1925 (Coleophora), LT — J.-F. Landry & Baldizzone 1993 (30.xi.) 16 (2): 130 viktor Yakovlev, 2004 (Lamellocossus), comb. n.; now: Acossus — Yakovlev 2007 (15. x1.) 30 (2): 417 116 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 virago Rothschild, 1912 (ssp. of Bombyx decolorata), syn. n. of Lasiocampa decolorata decolorata — Freina & Witt 1983 (30.v1.) 6 (2/3): 96 vivesella sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1987 (31.111.) 10 (1): 27 voelkeri Schadewald, 1992 (Autographa), syn. n. of Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) — Fibiger 1993 (31.vu.) 16 (1): 18 wageneri Kocak, 1976 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127 walsinghami sp. n. (Coleophora) — Baldizzone 1990 (30.ix.) 13 (2/3): 116 walsinghami sp. n. (Episcythris) — Passerin d’Entreves 1991 (31.v.) 14 (1): 64 warreni sp. n. (Noctua) — Lödl 1987 (31.x.) 10 (3): 164 warreni sp. n. (Trichoridia) — Plante 1990 (31.x11.) 13 (4): 219 wautieri Dufay, 1975 (Agrochola), stat. n.; now: ssp. of Agrochola lactiflora — Hacker & Moberg 1989 (30.v1.) 12 (2): 126 weberella sp. n. (Perittia) — Whitebread 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 272 weigerti sp. n. (Arctia) — Freina & Witt 1985 (31.111.) 8 (1): 21 wertheimsteini Rebel, 1913 (Cnephasia), comb. n.; now: Oxypteron — Razowski 1983 (31.x11.) 6 (4): 234 willieni ssp. n. (Erebia manto) — Cupedo 1997 (1.vi.) 20 (1/2): 10 wiltshirei sp. n. (Victoria (Victorinella)) — Hausmann 1996 (21.x1.) 19 (1/2): 39 wiskotti ROber, 1896 (var. of Melanargia titea), LT; now: ssp. of Melanargia titea — Wagener 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 182 | witti Sp. n. (Phantosoma) — Zolotuhin & Kostjuk 2000 (1.vii.) 23 (2): 142 wolffi sp. n. (Zelleria) — Klimesch 1983 (30.vi.) 6 (2/3): 121 wolfi sp. n. (Catoptria) — Ganev & Hacker 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 245 wyatti Kocak, 1976 (ssp. of Archon apollinus), syn. n. of Archon apollinus apollinus (Herbst, 1798) — Freina 1985 (30.vi.) 8 (2): 127 xerophilaria Püngeler, 1902 (Heterolocha), LT; syn. n. of Pseudosterrha rufistrigata (Hampson, 1896) — Hausmann 1993 (31.vii.) 16 (1): 24 yanglingensis Li & Zheng, 1998 (Capidentalia), comb. n.; now: Bagdadia — Sattler 1999 (1.xii.) 22 (4): 238 yangsteana sp. n. (Cochylimorpha) — Razowski 2006 (14.vıii.) 29 (1/2): 121 Yezognophos Matsumura, 1927 (Geometridae), syn. n. of Elophos Boisduval, 1840 — Sauter 1990 (31.1.) 12 (1989) (4): 337 yusufeliensis sp. n. (Metaeuchromius) — Nuss & Speidel 1999 (15.vi.) 22 (2): 155 zagrobia Wiltshire, 1941 (ssp. of Crymodes bischoffi), comb. n.; stat. n.; now: Poly- mixis — Wiltshire 1993 (30.iv.) 15 (1992) (3/4): 258 Zeempista Povolny, 1974 (subgen. of Empista), syn. n. of Kiwaia (Kiwaia) — Sattler 1988 (31.1.) 10 (1987) (4): 233 zermattensis Miiller-Rutz, 1930 (Leioptilus), LT; syn. n. of Leioptilus distinctus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) — Gibeaux 1988 (31.x.) 11 (3): 187 Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 117 zhdankoi sp. n. (Amblyptilia) — Ustjuzhanin 2001 (21.xu.) 24 (3): 17 ziegleri sp. n. (Eumasia) — Hattenschwiler 1998 (1.x11.) 21 (4): 271 zonatella Toll, 1960 (Coleophora), syn. n. of Coleophora bilineella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 — Baldizzone 1981 (30.1x.) 4 (3): 77 zouhari sp. n. (Scrobipalpa) — Povolny 1984 (30.1x.) 7 (3): 266 zubsiana sp. n. (Circula) — Nässig 1985 (30.v1.) 8 (2): 185 Bibliographic index Anonymous 1979 (2.xi.). Obituary. To Brisbane C. S. Warren. 2 (3): 119-120. Anonymous 1982 (31.x11.). Obituary. Willem Blom. 5 (4): 207-208. Anonymous 1986 (31.111.). Arreté du 3 juillet 1985 concernant la protection des papil- lons dans les vallées de Laggin, Beschluss vom 3. Juli 1985 womit der Fang von Schmetterlingen im Laggintal verboten wird. 9 (1/2): 56-58. Anonymous 1986 (31.xii.). In memoriam: Lionel George Higgins, 1891-1985. 9 (3/4): 148-152. Aarvik, L. 1986 (31.x11.). Notes on the nomenclature of three species of Tortricidae. 9 (3/4): 153-158. Aarvik, L. & K. Berggren 2004 (31.1.). Description of Elachista tanaella sp. n. (Ela- chistidae) from Arctic Norway. 26 (2003) (3/4): 83-87. Aarvik, L. & O. Karsholt 1993 (30.iv.). New and little known Grapholitini (Lepido- ptera, Tortricidae) from the Mediterranean area. 15 (1992) (3/4): 164-178. Aarvik, L. & K. Larsen 1984 (30.1x.). Clepsis mehli (Opheim, 1964) a distinct species (Lepidoptera Tortricidae). 7 (3): 187-192. Abös, L. & C. Stefanescu 1999 (1.1x.). 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Alberti, B. 1979 (17.vili.). Artenschutz vordringlich über Rote Listen oder Biotop- schutz? 2 (1/2): 3-7. 118 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Alberti, B. 1983 (31.111.). Autobiographie, Autobibliographie. 6 (1): 3-16. Alberti, B. 1983 (30.v1.). In Memoriam Ernst und Herta Urbahn. 6 (2/3): 67-68. Alberti, B. 1984 (31.111.). Zur Taxonomie der Pyrgus alveus Hb.-Gruppe (Lep. Hes- periidae). 7 (1): 2-6. Alberti, B. 1984 (31.111.). Addendum. 7 (1): 6. Alberti, B. & K. Fritsch 1983 (31.x11.). Ueber einige bemerkenswerte Funde von Lepi- dopteren aus dem Grossen Kaukasus. 6 (4): 192-202. Alipanah, H. 2004 (23.x11.). Description of the female of Notocelia punicana Kuznetzov, 1956 (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae). 27 (2/3): 245-247. Alıpanah, H. & P. Ustjuzhanın 2007 (19.1.). A new species, a new synonym, and new distribution records in the genus Agdistis Hübner, 1825 from Iran (Pterophoridae: Agdistinae). 29 (2006) (3/4): 177-184. Amsel, H. G. 1979 (17.vin.). 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Douzdrina protector et Paradrina douzina de Laever 1985 Mise au point. 8 (4): 385-386. Bros, E. de 1993 (30.1v.). Autobiographie und Autobibliographie. 15 (1992) (3/4): 184-194. Bros, E. de +. 1998 (8.111.). Emilio Berio (1905-1993). 21 (1): 85. Buchan, P. B. & O. Kudrna 1980 (1.vi.). An improved dissecting technique of genitalia of Lepidoptera. 3 (1/2): 39-40. Budashkin, Y. I. & R. Gaedike 2005 (12.viii.). Faunistics of the Epermeniidae from the former USSR (Epermeniidae). 28 (2): 123-138. Bullini, L., R. Cianchi, C. Stefani & V. Sbordoni 1981 (31.xii.). Biochemical taxonomy of the Italian species of the Amata phegea complex (Ctenuchidae, Syntominae). 4 (4): 125-127. Burghardt, F. & K. Fiedler 1996 (21.xii.). Myrmecophilous behaviours in caterpillars of the butterfly Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775): temporal patterns and age dependency (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). 19 (3/4): 212-229. 122 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Burghardt, F., P. Proksch & K. 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A brief review of the Micropterigidae of Portugal, with description of a new species of Micropterix Hübner. 30 (1): 71-78. Cotty, A. & M. Dethier 1981 (31.x11.). Les Lépidoptères d’une pelouse alpine au Parc national suisse. 4 (4): 129-150. Coutsis, J. G. 1985 (31.111.). Notes concerning the taxonomic status of Agrodiaetus tan- keri de Lesse (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). 8 (1): 8-14. Coutsis, J. G. 1986 (31.111.). Notes concerning the taxonomic status of Turanana pana- gaea taygetica Rebel (Lep. Lycaenidae). 9 (1/2): 35-38. Coutsis, J. G. 1986 (31.xi1.). The blue butterflies of the genus Agrodiaetus Hübner (Lep., Lycaenidae): Symptoms of taxonomic confusion. 9 (3/4): 159-169. Coutsis, J. G. 2001 (10.viii.). The male genitalia of the butterflies placed in the sub- genus Neolysandra of the genus Polyommatus (Lycaenidae). 24 (1/2): 65-72. Coutsis, J. G. 2005 (7.vi.). Revision of the Turanana endymion species-group (Lycae- nidae). 27 (2004) (4): 251-272. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 123 Coutsis, J. G. 2006 (17.11.). Revision of the Turanana endymion species-group (Lycae- nidae) — a correction. 28 (2005) (3/4): 202. Coutsis, J. G. 2006 Additional revisionary actions and corrections in the Turanana endymion species-group (Lycaenidae). 29 (1/2): 17-25. Cupedo, F. 1996 (29.11.). Die morphologische Gliederung des Erebia melampus-Kom- plexes, nebst Beschreibung zweier neuer Unterarten: Erebia melampus semisudetica ssp. n. und Erebia sudetica belladonnae ssp. n. (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). 18 (1995) (2): 95-125. Cupedo, F. 1997 (1.vi.). Die geographische Variabilität und der taxonomische Status der Erebia manto bubastis-Gruppe, nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart (Nym- phalidae: Satyrinae). 20 (1/2): 3-22. Cupedo, F. 1997 (10.xi1.). The valid subspecific name for the Erebia epiphron (Knoch, 1783) population of Mt. Canigou, Pyrénées-Orientales (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). 20 (3/4): 335-336. Cupedo, F. 2000 (1.vii.). Die geographische Variabilität von Erebia flavofasciata, nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). 23 (2): 173-184. Cupedo, F. 2004 (31.1.). Geographische Variabilität und spätglaziale Einwanderungs- wege von Erebia pluto (de Prunner, 1798) in der Ortlergruppe und den Ötztaler Alpen (Nymphalidae). 26 (2003) (3/4): 137-152. Cupedo, F. 2007 (15.x1.). Geographical variation and Pleistocene history of the Erebia pandrose-sthennyo complex (Nymphalidae; Satyrınae). 30 (2): 329-353. Dabrowski, J. S. 1980 (31.x.). The protection of the Lepidopterofauna — the latest trends and problems. 3 (3/4): 114-118. Dabrowski, J. S. 1981 (30.1x.). Selected problems of Lepidoptera protection in Soviet Central Asia, Armenia and the Caucasus Mountains. 4 (3): 93-98. Dall’Asta, U. 1988 (31.x.). The tymbal organs of the Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera). 11 (3): 169-176. Dall’ Asta, U. 1989 (30.1v.). The tymbal organs of the Lymantriidae: a rectification. 12 (183. Dantart, J., M. 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Un nouvel Aplocera Stephens (Anaitis Duponchel) de Grèce: Aplocera praeformata urbahni nova subsp. (Lep. Geometridae, Larentiinae). 4 (1/2): 16-20. Dufay, C. 1982 (31.111.). Leptidea morsei major Grund, en Grèce (Pieridae). 5 (1): 17-19. Dufay, C. 1982 (30.vi.). Découverte en Grèce de Lophoterges hoerhammeri (F. Wag- ner), bona sp., espèce nouvelle pour l’Europe (Noctuidae, Cuculliinae). 5 (2/3): 77-80. Dufay, C. 1983 (31.111.). Ochropleura gracilis (F. Wagner), bona sp., espèce nouvelle pour l’Europe; description de sa sous-espèce hellénique (Noctuidae, Noctuinae). 6 (1): 41-48. Dufay, C. 1983 (31.11). Description d’un nouveau Geometridae espagnol: Rheuma- ptera gudarica nova sp. (Geometridae, Larentiinae). 6 (1): 49-52. Dufay, C. 1983 (30.v1.). Ochropleura gracilis (F. Wagner), bona sp., espèce nouvelle pour l’Europe (Noctuidae, Noctuinae). Errata et addenda. 6 (2/3): 84. Dufay, C. 1984 (31.111.). 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Correction to “The life history and ecology of Euphydryas maturna (Nymphalidae: Melitaeini) in Finland” by Niklas Wahlberg (in Nota lepid. 21 (3): 154-169). 22 (3): 227-228. Elsner, G. & J. Jaros 2003 (16.vi.). A new species of Ceratoxanthis Razowski, and distribution records for two species of Aethes Billberg from the Balkan Peninsula (Tortricidae: Cochylini). 25 (2002) (4): 221-225. Emmet, A. M. 1989 (30.1v.). Obituary E. C. Pelham-Clinton. 12 (1): 2-3. Epstein, H. J. 1980 (31.v.). The foodplant of Erebia aethiopella (Hoffmannsegg, 1806) (Satyrıdae). 2 (1979) (4): 137-138. Erhardt, A. 1990 (31.xii.). Chloridea ononis D. & S.: Evidence for an autochthonous population in the Swiss Alps (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). 13 (4): 207-212. Falck, P. & O. Karsholt 1993 (30.xi.). Cydia grunertiana (Ratzeburg, 1868), stat. rev. — an ignored species of Tortricidae. 16 (2): 79-90. 126 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Falkovitsh, M. I., J. Jalava & K. Mikkola 1997 (10.x11.). Records of casebearers from Siberia, Russia (Coleophoridae). 20 (3/4): 310-321. Fartmann, T. & K. Timmermann 2006 (14.viil.). Where to find the eggs and how to manage the breeding sites of the Brown Hairstreak (Thecla betulae (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Central Europe? 29 (1/2): 125-132. Faucheux, M. J. 1993 (31.vii.). Uniporous pegs associated with sensilla auricillica on the antennae of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). 16 (1): 13-17. Faucheux, M. J. 1996 (13.v.). Sensilla on the ovipositor of the carpet moth, Trichophaga tapetzella L. (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). 18 (1995) (3/4): 193-201. Fazekas, I. 1982 (31.x11.). Daten zur Verbreitung der Eupithecia-Fauna der Balkanhalb- insel (Geometridae). 5 (4): 143-153. Fazekas, I. 1983 (31.111.). Katalog der geschützten Schmetterlinge Ungarns. 6 (1): 53-56. Fazekas, I. 1983 (30.v1.). Liste systématique des lépidoptères Zyganidae Leach de Hon- grie. 6 (2/3): 85-87. 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The systematic position of Heliodines lori- culata Meyrick (Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae). 20 (1/2): 66-69. Fibiger, M. 1986 (31.xii.). Thria robusta Walker, 1857, nec Pandesma anysa Guenée, 1852, in Europe. 9 (3/4): 175-178. Fibiger, M. 1992 (31.111.). Autophila libanotica osthelderi Boursin, 1940 and Characoma nilotica (Rogenhofer, 1882) new to Europe (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Catocalinae, Ophiderinae). 14 (1991) (4): 297-301. Fibiger, M. 1993 (31.vii.). Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) (= A. messmeri Schadewald, 1992, syn. n.; =A. voelkeri Schadewald, 1992, syn. n.) and Phlogophora meticulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (= P. lamii Schadewald, 1992, syn. n.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). 16 (1): 18-22. Fibiger, M. 1993 (30.xi.). Corrigenda to Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 2, 1993. 16 (2): 124. Fibiger, M. 1995 (30.iv.). Anumeta arax sp. n. from Turkish Armenia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Catocalinae). 17 (1994) (3/4): 107-112. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 (Bi Fibiger, M. 1997 (1.vi.). Micronoctua karsholti gen. et sp. n.: an astonishingly small noctuid moth (Noctuidae). 20 (1/2): 23-30. Fibiger, M. & D. Agassiz 2001 (10.viil.). Araeopteron ecphaea, a small noctuid moth in the West Palaearctic (Noctuidae:Acontiinae). 24 (1/2): 29-36. Fibiger, M., H. Hacker & A. Moberg 1996 (13.v.). Notes on the Orfhosia rorida (Frivaldsky, 1835) species group, with the description of a new species from Crete: Orthosia sellingi sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae). 18 (1995) (3/4): 203-212. Fibiger, M. & O. Karsholt 1998 (15.x.). First records of Nola harouni from Europe and comments on the taxonomic status of N. centonalis holsatica (Nolidae). 21 (3): 194-205. Fibiger, M., K. Mikkola, A. Moberg & P. Svendsen 1984 (30.v1.). Mesapamea secalella Remm, 1983, a new species found in Western Europe. 7 (2): 121-131. Fibiger, M., A. Moberg & J. L. Yela 1985 (31.x11.). Dichagyris imperator (A. Bang- Haas, 1912) (= Ochropleura alcarriensis Calle & Agenjo, 1981, syn. nov.) in Europe (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae). 8 (4): 331-335. Fibiger, M., Sammut, P., Seguna, A. & A. Catania 2007 (19.1.). Recent records of Noc- tuidae from Malta, with five species new to the European fauna, and a new sub- species. 29 (2006) (3/4): 193-213. Fibiger, M. & R. Zahiri 2007 (19.1.). A new species of Gortyna Ochsenheimer, 1816 from Golestan forests of Iran (Noctuidae). 29 (2006) (3/4): 215-220. Fiedler, K. 1988 (31.viti.). The preimaginal epidermal organs of Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761) and Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) — a com- parison. 11 (2): 100-116. Fiedler, K. 1990 (31.1.) New information on the biology of Maculinea nausithous and M. teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). 12 (1989) (4): 246-256. Fiedler, K. & C. Ruf 2003 (16.vi.). Araschnia levana larvae (Nymphalidae) do not accept Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) as food plant. 25 (2002) (4): 265-266. Fiedler, K. & C. Saam 1994 (30.x1.). Does ant-attendance influence development in 5 European Lycaenidae butterfly species? (Lepidoptera). 17 (1/2): 5-24. Fiedler, K. & K. G. Schurian 1994 (30.x1.). Oviposition behaviour in Lycaena thetis Klug (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). 17 (1/2): 25-29. Fischer, K. 1998 (8.111.). Population structure, mobility and habitata selection of the butterfly Lycaena hippothoe (Lycaenidae: Lycaenini) in western Germany. 21 (1): 14-30. Fischer, K. & K. Fiedler 2001 (10.viii.). Partial biennialism in alpine Lycaena hippo- thoe (Lycaenidae:Lycaenini)? 24 (1/2): 73-76. Fischer, K. & K. Fiedler 2001 (21.xii.). Spatio-temporal dynamics in a population of the copper butterfly Lycaena hippothoe (Lycaenidae). 24 (3): 77-86. Flamigni, C. 2001 (10.viii.). On the presence of Phytometra sanctiflorentis and Hete- rophysa dumetorum in Italy (Noctuidae). 24 (1/2): 37-38. Freese, A. & K. Fiedler 2002 (1.viii.). Experimental evidence for specific distinctness of the two wood white butterfly taxa, Leptidea sinapis and L. reali (Pieridae). 25 (1): 39-60. 128 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Freina, J. J. de 1985 (30.vi.). Revision der Gattung Archon Hübner 1822 mit Angaben zur Biologie, Verbreitung, Morphologie und Systematik von Archon apollinus (Herbst 1798) und Archon apollonaris Staudinger [1892] 1891 (stat. nov.) (Lepi- doptera, Papilionidae). 8 (2): 97-128. Freina, J. J. de 1987 (30.vi.). Eine neu entdeckte Lymantriiden-Art aus Kaschmir: Arctornis kohistana sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae). 10 (2): 119-126. Freina, J. J. de 1988 (31.x.). Bemerkungen über das fragliche Artrecht von Hemaris dentata (Staudinger, 1887) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). 11 (3): 182-186. Freina, J. J. de 1994 (31.111.). Untersuchungen zur Eimorphologie bei Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) und ihrer infraspezifischen Variabilität an Hand von REM-Darstellungen (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). 16 (1993) (3/4): 179-194. Freina, J. J. de 2007 (15.v.). Eine neue Art der Gattung Melittia Hiibner, 1819 aus dem Dhofar, Südoman (Sesiidae: Sesiinae: Melittiini). 30 (1): 51-57. Freina, J. J. de 2007 (15.x1.). Creatonotos omanirana sp. n. aus dem Oman und dem Iran (Artiidae: Arctiinae). 30 (2): 375-386. Freina, J. J. de& B. Aussem 1986 (31.x11.). Hyponephele urartua Sp. n. eine neue Satyriden-Art aus Ostanatolien (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). 9 (3/4): 200-212. Freina, J. J. de & T. Witt 1982 (30.vi.). Nachweis von Brahmaea (Brahmophthalma) wallichii (Gray, 1833) im westlichen Himalaya: Brahmaea wallichii saifulica ssp. n. (Brahmaeidae). 5 (2/3): 81-85. Freina, J. J. de& T. Witt 1983 (30.vi.). Taxonomische Veränderungen bei den Bom- byces und Sphinges Europas und Nordwestafrikas (Lepidoptera: Lemontidae, Lasio- campidae I). 6 (2/3): 88-98. Freina, J. J. de & T. Witt 1984 (31.111.). Taxonomische Veränderungen bei den Bom- byces und Sphinges Europas und Nordwestafrikas. Revision des Macrothylacia rubi-digramma-Komplexes (Lepidoptera:, Lasiocampidae V). 7 (1): 27-38. Freina, J. J. de & T. Witt 1984 (30.vi.). Taxonomische Veränderungen bei den Bom- byces und Sphinges Europas und Nordwestafrikas (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Noli- dae I). 7 (2): 132-142. Freina, J. J. de & T. J. Witt 1984 (30.ix.). Taxonomische Veränderungen bei den Bom- byces und Sphinges Europas und Nordwestafrikas. Uber die Berechtigung von Unterarten bei Spiris striata (Linnaeus, 1758) und Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758). Ergebnisse einer Teilrevision. 7 (3): 223-236. Freina, J. J. de & T. J. Witt 1984 (31.x11.). Taxonomische Veränderungen bei den Bom- byces und Sphinges Europas und Nordwestafrikas. Nachweis der Kospezifität von Euproctis charmetanti (Vuillot, 1890), Euproctis boulifa Dumont, 1922 und Euproc- tis durandi (Lucas, 1926) mit Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker, 1865) (Lepidoptera, Lymatriidae) 7 (4): 323-329. Freina, J. J. de & T. J. Witt 1984 (31.xii.). Taxonomische Veränderungen bei den Bom- byces und Sphinges Europas und Nordwestafrikas (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea: Arc- tiidae VI). 7 (4): 330-336. Freina, J. J. de & T. J. Witt 1985 (31.111.). Arctia weigerti Sp. n., eine neue Bärenspin- nerart aus dem Karakorum (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). 8 (1): 21-24. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 129 Freina, J. J. de & T. J. Witt 1985 (30.vi.). Taxonomische Veränderungen bei den Bom- byces und Sphinges Europas und Nordwestafrikas. Helianthocampa gen. nov.; Trau- matocampa galaica (Palanca Soler et al. 1982) comb. nov. et. syn. nov. (Lepido- ptera, Thaumetopoeidae, Thaumetopoeinae). 8 (2): 175-183. Freina, J. J. de & T. J. Witt 1990 (30.ix.). Exzeptionelle und partielle Parthenogenese bei Heterogyniden. Beschreibung der ersten Larvalstande und des Weibchens von Heterogynis andalusica thomas Zilli, 1987 (Lepidoptera, Heterogynidae). 13 (2/3): 129-132. Friberg, M. A. 2007 (15.v.). Difference in pupal morphology between the sibling species Leptidea sinapis and L. reali (Pieridae). 30 (1): 61-64. Fric, Z. & M. Konvicka 2000 (1.iv.). Adult population structure and behaviour of two seasonal generations of the European Map Butterfly, Araschinia levana, species with seasonal polyphenism (Nymphalidae). 23 (1): 2-25. Gaedike, R. 1987 (31.x.). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Douglasiidae (Le- pidoptera): Tinagma klimeschi sp. n., aus Rhodos. 10 (3): 158-162. Gaedike, R. 1989 (31.1.). Zu einigen Bemerkungen von Koçak (1982) zur Leraut- Liste (1980) (Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae, Acrolepiidae). 11 (1988) (4): 251-255. Gaedike, R. 1989 (30.iv.). Zur Unterscheidung von Aphelia unitana Hb. und Aphelia paleana Hb. 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On the presence of Pyrgus alveus (Huebner, 1803) in the Peloponnesus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). 12 (2): 164-165. Gallo, E. & C. Della Bruna 1988 (31.viii.). The foodplant of Colias ladakensis C. & R. Felder, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). 11 (2): 123-125. Ganev, J. 1982 (31.xi1.). Records of new and local species of Heterocera from Bul- garıa. 5 (4): 157-168. Ganev, J. 1983 (31.111.). Some butterfly records from Bulgaria. 6 (1): 57-60. Ganev, J. 1983 (31.xu.). Zur Systematik der Crambidae der Balkan-Halbinsel. III. (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). 6 (4): 210-213. 130 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Ganev, J. 1984 (31.111.). Contribution to the study of the Pyraloidea of the Balkan Pe- ninsula. 7 (1): 39-49. Ganev, J. 1985 (30.vi.). Ein Beitrag zur Noctuidenfauna auf der Balkanhalbinsel Cher- sotis cuprea jordanovi Tuleschkow syn. n. und Conistra ragusae Failla Tetaldi eine neue Art fiir die Bulgarische Fauna. 8 (2): 129-130. Ganev, J. 1985 (30.1x.). A list of the Odontiinae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) from Bulgaria. 8 (3): 279-282. Ganev, J. 1988 (31.vii.). The taxonomical status of Ascotis selenaria bureschi Kar- noschitzky, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Boarmiinae). 11 (2): 99. Ganev, J. & H. Hacker 1984 (30.1x.). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Microlepidopteren der Türkei. Die Crambidae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) der Ausbeute H. Hacker aus dem Jahr 1983 nebst Beschreibung neuer Taxa. 7 (3): 237-250. [corrigendum: I. c. 7 (4), 1984 (31.x11.): 308]. Ganev, J. & H. Hacker 1985 (31.xi1.). Weiterer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Crambidae Griechenlands und der Türkei. 8 (4): 329-330. Garcia-Barros, E. 2000 (1.vii.). Comparative data on adult biology, ecology and be- haviour of species belonging to the genera Hipparchia, Chazara and Kanetisa in central Spain (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). 23 (2): 119-140. Garcia-Barros, E. 2002 (15.x1.). 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Gründung eines Arbeitskreises Nord- bayerischer Entomologen. 6 (2/3): 66. Hättenschwiler, P. 1981 (31.111.). Eine neue Dahlica (= Solenobia auct.) aus Spanien (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). 4 (1/2): 21-26. 132 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Hättenschwiler, P. 1982 (31.111.). Eine neue Reisseronia aus dem Peloponnes (Psychi- dae). 3. (1): 23-29. Hattenschwiler, P. 1984 (30.vi.). Die Gattung Leptopterix und Oreopsyche ardanazi Agenjo (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). 7 (2): 143-147. Hattenschwiler, P. 1985 (31.111.). Zwei neue Psychiden aus dem West-Himalaya (Lepi- doptera, Psychidae). 8 (1): 25-28. Hättenschwiler, P. 1990 (31.1.). Melasina christenseni sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Psychidae), eine neue Psychide aus dem südlichen Peloponnes. 12 (1989) (4): 257-261. Hättenschwiler, P. 1996 (13.v.). Dahlica wehrlii (Müller-Rutz, 1920) wieder gefunden, Beschreibung des Weibchens und Ergänzungen zur Kenntnis des Männchens und der Ökologie (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). 18 (1995) (3/4): 225-232. Hättenschwiler, P. 1996 (13.v.). Eine neue Montamima-Art aus dem Altai-Gebiet (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). 18 (1995) (3/4): 233-238. Hättenschwiler, P. 1996 (13.v.). Eine neue, im Februar-März fliegende Prilocephala- Art aus dem südlichen Spanien (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). 18 (1995) (3/4): 239-246. Hättenschwiler, P. 1996 (21.x1.). Sciopetris karsholti, eine neue Psychide aus Tunesien (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). 19 (1/2): 107-112. Hattenschwiler, P. 1998 (1.x11.). Neue Eumasia Arten aus Mittelspanien und den Ma- lediven und einige Ergänzungen zur Kenntnis der Gattung Eumasia (Psychidae). 21 (4): 264-282. Hättenschwiler, P. 2003 (30.x.). Phalacropterix fritschi, eine neue Psychide aus der Por- tugiesischen Algarve (Psychidae). 26 (1/2): 9-18. Hattenschwiler, P. 2004 (28.v1.). 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Description of androconia in the Palaearctic Asian Pseudochazara baldiva (Moore, 1865) butterfly species-group (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with designation of two lectotypes and reference to type and other material in the Natural History Museum, London. 30 (2): 211-223. | Wakeham-Dawson, A., Parker, R., John, E. & KR. L. H. Dennis 2003 (16.vi.). Compari- son of the male genitalia and androconia of Pseudochazara anthelea acamanthis (Rebel, 1916) from Cyprus, Pseudochazara anthelea anthelea (Hübner, 1924) from mainland Turkey and Pseudochazara anthelea amalthea (Frivaldsky, 1845) from mainland Greece (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). 25 (2002) (4): 251-263. Wang, X., H. Li & S. Wang 2003 (30.x.). Study on the genus Clepsis Guenée, 1845 from China (Tortricidae). 26 (1/2): 47-57. Waring, P. 1993 (30.x1.). On the distribution of Drepana curvatula (Borkh.) (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. 16 (2): 138. Warren, B. C. S. 1978 (31.111.). Autobibliography with an autobiographical note. 1 (1977) (2): 77-81. Warren, E. J. M. 1979 (2.xi.). Obituary: Brisbane C. S. Warren, 29. in. 1887 — 22. 1. 1979. 2 (3): 119-120. Warren, E. J. M. 1983 (31.i11.). A note on Pyrgus warrenensis Verity its history and distribution (Hesperiidae). 6 (1): 61-64. Warren, E. J. M. 1986 (31.ii.). B. C. S. Warren’s bibliography: an additional note. 9 (1/2): 143-144. Weener, H. 1980 (31.x.). Zur Verbreitung von Opigena polygona Denis & Schiffermül- ler in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Anmerkungen zum Beitrag von Kinkler & Swoboda in Nota lepidopterologica 1 (3): 125). 3 (3/4): 138-139. Weidemann, H. 1979 (17.viii.). Anmerkungen zum Schutz gefährdeter Lepidopteren- arten. 2 (1/2): 67-70. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 159 Weidemann, H. J. 1980 (31.x.). Massenvermehrung seltener Falter durch künstliche Zucht als Beitrag zum Naturschutz. 3 (3/4): 140-145. Weidenhoffer, Z. & W. Eckweiler 1988 (31.1.). 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Wiemers, M. 1991 (31.xu.). Hipparchia wyssii (Christ, 1889) Komplex: Beitrag zur Morphologie, Biologie, Ökologie und Verbreitung auf den Kanarischen Inseln (Lepidoptera, Satyrıdae). 14 (3): 255-278. Wilcockson, A. & T. G. Shreeve 2003 (16.v1.). The subspecific status of Pieris napi (Pieridae) within the British Isles. 25 (2002) (4): 235-247. Wiltshire, E. P. 1985 (30.vi.). Notes on Cucullia scrophulariphaga Rambur (Noctuidae) and on a few other interesting Sardinian Lepidoptera seen on the Costa Smeralda in mid-may 1984. 8 (2): 161-171. Wiltshire, E. P. 1990 (31.1). Dyscia senecai sp. n. from Libya, with notes on some other N. African Dyscia species (Geometridae, Ennominae). 12 (1989) (4): 354- 303. Wiltshire, E. P. 1991 (31.v.). Dyscia karsholti sp. n., from Tunisi+a (Lepidoptera, Geo- metridae, Ennominae). 14 (1): 90-93. Wiltshire, E. P. 1993 (30.iv.). Middle East Lepidoptera 50: Notes on some hitherto misunderstood forms near Polymixis bischoffii (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) (Noctuidae). 15 (1992) (3/4): 257-267. Wiltshire, E. P. 1993 (31.vii.). Corrigendum. 16 (1): 76. Witt, T. J. 1988 (31.vıii.). In memoriam Dr. phil. Walter Forster (1910-1986). 11 (2): 90-98. Witt, T. J., Kravchenko, V. D., Speidel, W., Mooser, J., Junnila, A. & G. C. Müller 2007 (15.x1.). A new Amata species from Israel (Arctiidae, Syntominae). 30 (2): 367-373. Wüst, P. 1996. New and rare species of Heterocera (Lepidoptera) and some notes on their distribution in different habitats in the Nestos-Delta, Macedonia, Greece. 19 (3/4): 142-151. 160 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 Xin-Pu Wang, Hou-Hun Li & Shu-Xia Wang 2004 (28.vi.). Four new species of Gnorismoneura from China (Tortricidae). 27 (1): 79-88. Yakovlev, R. V. 2004 (23.x1i.). What is Cossus sareptensis Rothschild, 1912 (Cossi- dae)? 27 (2/3): 195-197. Yakovlev, R. V. 2006 (17.11.). Type specimens of “Cossidae” described by W. Koshantschikov. 28 (2005) (3/4): 159-161. Yakovlev, R. V. 2007 (15.x1.). Taxonomic notes on Acossus Dyar and Parahypopta Daniel (Cossidae). 30 (2): 415-421. Yakovlev, R. V. & T. J. Witt 2007 (15.x1.). Dyspessa aphrodite sp. n. from Greece (Cossidae). 30 (2): 411-414. Yasuda, T. & J. Razowski 1991 (30.1x.). Some Japanese genera and species of the tribe Euliini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). 14 (2): 179-190. Yoshimoto, H. 1989 (31.1.). A new species of Mamestra from Taiwan (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae). 11 (1988) (4): 290-293. Yoshimoto, H. 1989 (30.vi.). Redescription of Achlya hoerburgeri (Schawerda), comb. n. (Lepidoptera, Thyatiridae). 12 (2): 159-163. Yoshimoto, H. 1989 (30.x1.). Three new synonymies in Tethea Ochsenheimer (Lepi- doptera, Thyatiridae). 12 (3): 227-230. Yoshimoto, H. 1990 (31.xi1.). Takapsestis fascinata Sp. n. from China (Lepidoptera, Thyatiridae). 13 (4): 236-241. Zeller-Lukashort, H. C., Kurz, M. E., Lees, D. C. & M. A. Kurz. 2007. A review of Micropterix Hiibner, 1825 from northern and central Europe (Micropterigidae). 30 (2): 235-298. Zhang, A. & H. Li 2004 (23.x11.). A taxonomic study on the genus Rhopalovalva Kuznetzov, 1964 from China (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae). 27 (2/3): 239-243. Zilli, A. 1992 (31.v.). Agrotis lata Treitschke, 1835, a senior synonym of A. dirempta Staudinger, 1859 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 15 (1): 70-83. Zilli, A. & A. Grassi 2006 (14.viii.). When disrupted characters between species link: a new species of Conistra from Sicily (Noctuidae). 29 (1/2): 89-93. Zolotuhin, V. V. 2007 (15.v.). On the identity of the Turkish species of the Eriogaster rimicola-group (Lasiocampidae). 30 (1): 45-50. Zolotuhin, V. V. & I. Yu. Kostjuk 2000 (1.vi1.). Phantosoma witti gen. et sp. nov., a new autumn lasiocampid moth from Turkmenistan (Lasiocampidae). 23 (2): 141-146. Publication dates 1 (1977): No.1 (1.x1.1977): 1-48; No.2 (31.11.1978): 49-96; No.3 (25.v.1978): 97-144; No.4 (31.x.1978): 145-172. 2 (1979): No.1/2 (17.viii.1979): 1-72; No.3 (2.x1.1979): 75-120; No.4 (31.v. 1980): 121-168. Nota lepid. 31 (1): 79-162 161 13 14 15 16 17 13 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 (1980): No.1/2 (1.v1.1980): 1-96; No.3/4 (31.x.1980): 97-148. (1981): No.1/2 (31.111.1981): 1-60; No.3 (30.1x.1981): 61-108; No.4 (31.x11.1981): 109-172. (1982): No.1 (31.111.1982): 1-52; No.2/3 (30.v1.1982): 53-140; No.4 (31.x11.1982): 141-212. (1983): No.1 (31.111.1983): 1-64; No.2/3 (30.v1.1983): 65-188; No.4 (31.x11.1983): 189-252. (1984): No.1 (31.11.1984): 1-96; No.2 (30.v1.1984): 97-184; No.3 (30.1x.1984): 185-296; No.4 (31.x11.1984): 297-392. (1985): No.1 (31.111.1985): 1-76; No.2 (30.v1.1985): 77-200; No.3 (30.1x.1985): 201-300; No.4 (31.x11.1985): 301-392. (1986): No.1/2 (31.111.1986): 1-144; No.3/4 (31.x11.1986): 145-288. (1987): No.1 (31.11.1987): 1-92; No.2 (30.v1.1987): 93-136; No.3 (31.x.1987): 137-196; No.4 (31.1.1988): 197-252. (1988): No.1 (30.1.1988): 1-88; No.2 (31.v111.1988): 89-164; No.3 (31.x.1988): 165-240; No.4 (31.1.1989): 241-296. (1989): No.1 (30.1.1989): 1-84; No.2 (30.v1.1989): 85-168; No.3 (30.x1.1989): 169-236; No.4 (31.1.1990): 237-372. (1990): No.1 (31.11.1990): 1-88; No.2/3 (30.1x.1990): 89-188; No.4 (31.x11.1990): 189-256. (1991): No.1 (31.v.1991): 1-100; No.2 (30.1x.1991): 101-192; No.3 (31.x11.1991): 193-292; No.4 (31.11.1992): 293-356. (1992): No.1 (31.v.1992): 1-88; No.2 (31.x11.1992): 89-160; No.3/4 (30.1v.1993): 161-280. (1993): No.1 (31.v11.1993): 1-76; No.2 (30.x1.1993): 77-168; No.3/4 (31.111.1994): 169-324. (1994): No.1/2 (30.x1.1994): 1-104; No.3/4 (30.1v.1995): 105-224. (1995): No.1 (31.1.1996): 1-92; No.2 (29.11.1996): 93-180; No.3/4 (13.v.1996): 181-312. (1996): No. 1/2 (21.x1.1996): 1-140; No.3/4 (21.x11.1996): 141-270. (1997): No.1/2 (1.v1.1997): 1-148; No.3/4 (10.x11.1997): 149-340. (1998): No.1 (8.11.1998): 1-92; No.2 (10.v11.1998): 93-152; No.3 (15.x.1998): 153-232; No.4 (1.x11.1998): 233-300. (1999): No.1 (1.111.1999): 1-80; No.2 (15.v1.1999): 81-160; No.3 (1.1x.1999): 161-232; No.4 (1.x11.1999): 233-323. (2000): No.1 (1.1v.2000): 1-84; No.2 (1.v11.2000): 85-190; No.3/4 (1.x11.2000): 191-353. (2001): No.1/2 (10.v111.2001): 1-96; No.3 (21.x11.2001): 1-99; No.4 (1.11.2002): 1-88+[3]. (2002): No.1 (1.v111.2002): 1-84; No.2/3 (15.x1.2002): 85-204; No.4 (16.v1.2003): 205-283+[3]. (2003): No.1/2 (30.x.2003): 1-80+[4]; No.3/4 (31.1.2004): [2]+83-164. (2004): No.1 (28.v1.2004): [2]+3-96; No.2/3 (23.x11.2004): [2]+99-247; No.4 (7.v1.2005): [2]+251-319. 162 GAEDIKE: Nota lepidopterologica indices to volumes 1 to 30 28 (2005): No.1 (7.v1.2005): [2]+3-71; No.2 (12.v111.2005): [2]+75-156; No.3/4 (17.11.2006): [2]+159-236. 29 (2006): No.1/2 (14.v111.2006): [2]+3-134; No.3/4 (19.1.2007): [2]+137-233. 30 (2007): No.1 (15.v.2007): [2]+3-208; No.2 (15.x1.2007): 209-424. Ww 4 LS SOCIETAS EUROPAEA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA e.V. Nota lepidopterologica wird als wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift von der Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL) herausgegeben und den Mitgliedern der SEL zugesandt. Autoren, die Manuskripte für die Publikation in der Nota lepidopterologica einreichen möchten, finden die jeweils gültigen Autorenrichtlinien auf der Homepage der SEL unter http://www.soceurlep.eu. Der Verkauf von Einzelheften und älteren Jahrgängen von Nota lepidopterologica sowie der Ver- kauf der Zeitschrift an Nichtmitglieder erfolgt durch Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup; e-mail: apollobooks@vip.cybercity.dk. Die Mitgliedschaft bei der SEL steht Einzel- personen und Vereinen nach Maßgabe der Satzung offen. Der Aufnahmeantrag ist an den Mit- gliedssekretär Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-3061 Leefdaal, Belgien; e-mail: willy.de.prins@telenet.be zu richten. Das Antragsformular ist im Internet auf der Homepage der SEL erhältlich. Der Mitgliedsbeitrag ist jährlich am Jahresanfang zu entrichten. Er beträgt für Einzelpersonen € 35,00 bzw. für Vereine € 45,00. Die Aufnahmegebühr beträgt € 2,50. Die Zahlung wird auf das SEL-Konto 19 56 50 507 bei der Postbank Köln (BLZ 370 100 50) erbeten (IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF). Mitteilungen in Beitragsangelegen- heiten werden an den Schatzmeister Dr. Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe; e-mail: trusch@smnk.de erbeten. Adressenänderungen soll- ten umgehend dem Mitgliedssekretär oder dem Schatzmeister mitgeteilt werden. Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL), Nota lepidopterologica ıs a scientific journal that members of SEL receive as part of their membership. Authors who would like to submit papers for publication in Nota lepidopterologica are asked to take into consideration the relevant instructions for authors available on the SEL homepage at http://www.soceurlep.eu. The sales of single and back issues of Nota lepidopterologica as well as sales to non-members of SEL are under the responsibility of Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup; e-mail: apollo- books@vip.cybercity.dk. The membership ıs open to individuals and associations as provided for by the statutes of SEL. Applications for membership are to be addressed to the Membership Secretary Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-3061 Leefdaal, Belgium; e-mail: willy.de.prins@teienet.be. The application form is available on the SEL homepage. The annual subscription is to be paid at the beginning of the year. It is 35.00 € for individuals or 45.00 € for associations. The admission fee is 2.50 €. Dues should be paid to SEL account no. 19 56 50 507 at Postbank Köln [Cologne] (bank code 370 100 50; IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF) or to local treasures as mentioned on the website. Communications related to membership contributions should be sent to the Treasurer Dr Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Erbprinzen- str. 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe; e-mail: trusch@smnk.de. Changes of addresses should be immediately communicated to the Membership Secretary or the Treasurer. Publié par la Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL), Nota lepidopterologica est un périodique scientifique envoyé à tous les membres de la SEL. Les auteurs qui désirent publier des manuscrits dans la revue sont priés de tenir compte des Instructions aux auteurs disponibles sur le site Web de la SEL: http://www.soceurlep.eu. Les ventes de numéros supplémentaires ou d'anciens numéros de Nota lepidopterologica, ainsi que les ventes de numéros aux personnes n'étant pas membres de la SEL sont sous la responsabilité de Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup; courriel: apollobooks@ vip.cybercity.dk. Tel que prévu dans ses statuts, les individus de même que les associations peuvent devenir membres de la SEL. Les demandes d'adhésion doivent être envoyées au Secrétaire responsable des adhésions, Willy De Prins, Dorpstraat 401 B, B-3061 Leef- daal, Belgique; courriel: willy.de.prins@telenet.be. Le formulaire d'adhésion est disponible sur le site Web de la SEL. L'adhésion se paie au début de l'année. Elle est de 35 € pour les individus et de 45 € pour les associations. Les frais d'admission sont de 2,50 €. Les paiements peuvent être envoyés au compte de la SEL: no. 19 56 50 507, Postbank Köln [Cologne] (code bancaire 370 100 50; IBAN: DE63 3701 0050 0195 6505 07; BIC: PBNKDEFF) ou au trésorier local tel que mentionné sur le site Web.. Toute question en rapport avec l'adhésion doit être envoyée au Trésorier, Dr. Robert Trusch, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe; courriel: trusch@smnk.de. Tout changement d'adresse doit être mentionné immediate- ment au Secrétaire responsable des adhésions ou au Trésorier. NSTITUTION LIBRARIES | SMITHSONIAN |