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ROYAL ONTARIO ma
: ov HINT
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE
ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM OF PALAEONTOLOGY
NO.2: NOTES ON THE OCCURENCE OF FOSSIL
FISHES IN THE UPPER DEVONIAN OF
MAGUASHA, QUEBEC
BY Loris S. Russell
DECEMBER, [939
LIBRARIE
Pubieshed-by.autnority of tae Board” of Trustees
ioyal Ontario useun
setae Piapede
Toren vO, YUdRais
Price, Lo cents
NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF FOSSIL FISHES IN THE UPPER
DEVONIAN OF MAGUASHA, QUEBEC
By Loris S. Russell
Assistant Director of Vertebrate Palaeontology
During the field season of 1938 the Royal Ontario
Museum of Palaeontology sent a collecting expedition
to the Palaeozoic fish localities of Gaspé and New
Brunswick. The party consisted of the writer and khirs.
Russell, and Mr. L. Sternberg. Collections were ob-
tained from the Upper Devonian of Maguasha, P.Q., the
Middle. Devonian of Campbellton, New Brunswick, the
Lower Mississippian of Albert Mines, New Brunswick,
and the Upper Silurian of Nerepis, near Saint John,
N.B. In the course of the collecting operations, the
writer made numerous observations on the location and
geological occurrence of the fossils. The “studies
made at Maguasha were the most detailed, and yielded
the most data, and it seemed desirable that these
should be published. However, it was learned -from
local collectors that similar observations had been
made previously by the British palaeontologists, W.
Graham-Smith and T.S. Westoll. Accordingly, the writ-
er delayed publication in order that the work of
these authors should have the priority it deserved.
As no publication on the subject has yet come to the
writer's attention, and as it seems improbable that
such will appear. in the near future, the results of
the writer's stratigraphical observations -at Maguasha
are here offered, in the hope that future collections
- and perhaps some of those obtained in the past - can
be given amore detailed geological assignment than
has been attempted hitherto.
Geographical location. The settlement of Maguasha
West is situated on the southwest side of the Caspé
peninsula, on the shores of Escuminac bay. This is
part of a body of water that is both the upper end of
‘Chaleur bay and the estuary .of Restigouche river.
Maguasha West is opposite the lumbering centre of Dal-
housie ,New Brunswick, mony to palaeontologists as the
Ary
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locality of important Lower Devonian invertebrates.
The nearest railway station is Nouvelle (St. Jean
l'Evangeliste post office) on the Gaspe line of the
Canadian National Railways.
Maguasha West is part of the old Shoolbred seign-
.fory, which, in accordance with the custom of New
France, was diviced into long, narrow lots extending
from the water-front inland (pl. 1). As shown by the
names on the map, the present ovmers of the lots in-
clude persons of English as weil as French descent.
Among the French, one may recognize both the Norman
and Brevon racial characteristies. Almost alii of the
inhabitants are bilingual. Farming and saimon fishing
are the principal industries.
The scenery on Escuminae bay is very impressive.
' The broad are of the shore sweeps around from Fleurant
point on the west to beyond the Maguasha wharr, where
the trend then becomes convex. Alli along this stretch
is a wide gravelly beach, easily traversible except at
extreme high tide. From the beach the grey sea-cliffs
rise to heights of from 10 to over 100 feet, except in
the vicinity of the wharf. It is in these cliffs that
the fossils occur. Commencing at the cliff summit the
land rises gradually for some distance, forming the
main area of farms. Eventually it becomes rugged and
wodded. About haif-way between Fleurant and Maguasha
West the upland almost assumes the character ofa
mountain, with a bold seaward searp composed of brick-
red outcrops of the Bonaventure formation. This fea-
ture wes named by John M. Clarke the "Hugh Miller
CLiAgi S's
Collectors working at Maguasha ean find aecomed::
ation at Dalhousie.utilizing the ferry to and fron the
field. If equipped with an automobile, they ean re=
- gide in. the hotel at Nouvelle or at the inn at Escumi-
- Mae. The travelling distance from Nouvelle to Magne
sha West is about four miles, over aroad that is
rough in places but usually passable. From Esevpina-
one drives to Escuminae Flats, thence along the eoast
to Fleurant and Maguasha West, a total. distance of
over seven miles. The road is good as far as Fleuvrant,
but the remainder, along the base of the Hugh Miller
ee ee ee 2 | MeN
i «
—— oe OA LI I EOE ate eatin AD GGT gy el em Tg ah a a A eo ln a pari me ath nel ae
P J t .
/
a — - = - —- —.
aaa —_ elt ee — —_—
a ee ae
cliffs, should not be attempted in wet weather, when
the longer route via Nouvelle may be used.
As noted above, the land ovmers av iaguasha West
each possess a portion of the water front, including
the sea-cliffs, where present. As the titles includes
ownership of the "minerals", it is necessary for the
fossil eollector to arrange with the ovmer for excava-
tion rights before beginning work at any site. Unfor-
tunately, some recent collectors here,in their natur-
al impulse towards generosity, have created a false
impression of the monetary value of the fossils. The
neweomer.to Maguasha must therefore be prepared for a
certain amount of bargaining. A further complication
exists in the rivalry between Jloral collectors, so
that if one reaches an agreement with one "camp" he
may find it more difficult to negotiate with the other.
Much time and trouble will be saved by employing one
of the local collectors, of whom Euclide Plourde and
Theodore Roy are the most active. From the following
notes the prospective collector should be able to de-
cide what places he wishes to work, and make his ar-
rangements accordingly.
Stratigraphy. The geology in the vicinity of.
Maguasha West has been described by R.W. Ells, John ti
dole
Clarke, #.cty Kindle, “anders. "Alcock. It has been
shown that the structure here is an anticline, trend-
ing somewhat north of east, and having its axis in-
tersecting the shore line in the vicinity of Maguasha
wherf. It is because of this condition that the fish-
bearing beds occur both west of the wharf, dipping
gently mnorth-westward, and south-east of the wharf,
dipping strongly south-eastward.
The fish-bearing beds were designated the Escumi-
nac formation by Kindle (1930, p. 84}. The descrip-
tion given by that author is as follows. "Crey argil-
laceous shales and sandy shale interbedded with shaly
and thin-bedded sandstone terminating [above] in a 16-
foot member of reddish beds. Fossil fish and fine
plant fossils." A more extended description is given
by Alcock (1935, p. 88), from which we may quote the
first paragraph. "The Escuminac formation consists of
grey, thin-bedded sandstones, shaly sandstones,
Me)
and
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sandstone commonly show ripple-marks.
seitue Sbhec opticwont to soizecto to. sesoblvE .»aake cele
-“priitvie el atthetben otsrinoevensh Inesd to roid beorohi "es
aol -tuwtiw 963 To reze-itu0e sosteos eit ta amrode Uf 14
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— — a OF a
Concretionary bed, light greenish grey, with
purvlish stains |
Shale, light greenish grey to grey, somewhat
sandy in pleces with irregular hard beds
and rounded concretions
Shale, fissile, grey
Sandstone, fine-grained, grey-buff, with pur-
plish stains; mostiy hard, bus witk sort.
beds |
Shale. sandy, grey-buff, with indurated beds
Sandstone. fine-grained, grey-buff, mostly in-
durated. platy to massive
Shale, greenish grey to grey-buff, with some
thin beds of sandstone, grey-buff, indu-
rated
Sandstone, grey-buff, massive, indurated
Shale, greenish grey and srey-buff, alternat-
ing with beds of sandstone, grey-buff;
large indurated masses in places. Note:
proportions of shale and sandstone vary
laterally
Sandstone and shale, as above. Note: sand-
stone lens at one point expands dovm 8
feet from top of this member. the sand-
stone being grey-buff. fine-grained, mas-
Sive to thiniy bedded, with iarge
spheroidal concretion:
Shaie, grey and greenish grey, fissile, with
some thin, irregular. indurated beds
\) Indurated bed, persistent
_ Shale, as above
_ TIndurated bed, persistent
Shale, as above (fossil zone No. 4 about 8 to
9 feet from top)
indurated bed, very persistent
Shale, as above
Indurated bed
Shaie, as above |
Alternating shale, as above, and indurated
beds up to i foot in thivekness
Shale, as above, with indurated beds, some
of which are persistent (fossil zone No. 3
| +9)
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exmsg ,abod S$ogotwial i: tiw ,ovods 88 .o
& .o edoxe I[reot) seo? eiuteq. | ad dotdw bat
occurs 1 to 5 feet above base) 38
Shale, as above, with numerous thin, indurated
beds 3}
Indurat2d bed, massive grey 1
Shale, as above, but with no persistent indurated
beds Sed
Sendstone, fine-grained ,“micaceous, vshaly,and
bedded in unver part, massive below ras Sir 31;
Alternating sandstone, fine-grained, massive to
thin-bedded, mostly indurated, and shale,
prey, fissile, with numerous indurated beds 36
Sandstone, fine-grained, massive, hard, prey-
buff
Alternatini; sandstone and shale, as in 36-foot
intervai above 16.5
Sandstone, fine-grained, massive, indurated 1.4
Shale, grey, fissile, with numerous indurated .
beds, some very persistent REY
Indurated bed, massive O27
Shale, with indurated beds, as above 8.3
5 a
pi
8)
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Indurated bed, massive
Shale, as above, but with no indurated beds
Indurated bed, stratified to massive
Shale, as above, with various indurated beds
(fossil zone No. 2 from 4 to 6 feet above
base 42
Indurated bed, massive to stratified pS
' Shale, as above, with numerous indurated beds
(fossil zone No. 1) . 17.5
Sandstone, grey-buff, indurated, massive Lea
Shale, with some indurated beds 2-8
Sandstone, fine-grained, grey-buff, finely
laminated, indurated red
Sandstone, laminated as above, but softer;
streaked grey-buff and light maroon; base
of formation | | 1
Escuminac-rleurant contact
Conglomerate; pebbles varicoloured, averaging
about 2 to 3 inches in diameter, but some
execedineg 1 foot; matrix of grey sandstone;
lenses of sandstone present; distinct bed-
ding; tops of uppermost pebbles inclosed by
6
a
basal Escuminac sediments.
Total thickness of Escuminac formation,about 3578 feet.
The thickness determined by tne writer agrees very
closely with the figure (370 feet) given by Kindle,
indicating that the two measurements were obtained in
about the same manner. It is unlikely that a non-
marine formation, especially one with an erosional up-
per limit, would retain a uniform thickness over any
great distance.
Fossil zones. The term zone is employed here be-
cause of the rather indefinite vertical range of the
fossils. There seems to be an association between the
indurated layers and the fossils, although there are
many such layers that are unfossiliferous. The normal
collecting method consists of excavating along the
zone and removing slabs as large as possible of the
shale or indurated rock. Common practice is to crack
such slabs through the middle and examine the fresh
edges for signs of bone. Plates of Bothriolepis ap-
pear in this manner as dark, angulate lines, while the
"scale-fishes", Eusthenopteron and Scaumenacia, show
as fine, wavy or speckled lines, with a peculiar crys-
talline texture. A little experience permits the col-
lector to recognize the presence of a fossil without
resorting to such drastic methods. Gentle bulges on
the surface of the slab, usually with a glossy apvear-
ance, almost certainly indicate the presence of a fos-
sil beneath. If the slab in question is of moderate
| to small size, and subcircular in outline (the rounded
concretions of authors) it will probably be found to
contain remains of Bothriolepis. Often a small por-
tion of the plates projects through the surface. The
larger, more angular pieces usually carry Eusthenop-
|
i
teron.
Owing to the div or the’ strata, most of the fossil
zones are limited in outcrop to certain portions of
| the cliffs. In the following paragraphs this distri-
bution is discussed, with some hints as to the best
location for working. The cormoner types of fossils
Occurring in each zone are indicated.
7
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of Bavet o¢ eidedoty Lite 33 {etoditve 3° sop 3191
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so exclitod atstieo oF qomeHe gi betinif om e
wPeyeth stds sdgome seq giieotiot ent at -.eTirios
good eft Of ae ejnid. moa atl pbeesvoe th af - ae
‘gtleect Io sagyd seuciame Get pat Binow 107 80s 2
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i
Fossil Zone No. 1
This occurs near the base of the formation, as in-
dicateds.inithe above section. Its principal outcrop
is in the low sea-cliff on the property of Emile Roy,
but -it has also been reached by excavations on the
beach in front of Antoine Plourde’s lot. The fauna
includes,..Bothriolepis, Scaumenacia, and .very fine
acanthodians. ,
Fossil Zone No. 2
Proceeding upwards in the formation, or westward
along the beach, the next zone is encountered in the
low cliiir fronting the lot’ of Antoine’-Piourde, just
east of the mouth of a small creek. The cormonest
fossils here are acanthodians, but they seem to be
uniformly smaller than those of zone No. l. It is
here also that the problematical remains of Scaumenel-
la mesacanthi Graham-Smith occur, known to the loca!
collectors as “pin-fish".
Fossil Zone No. 3
This, according to the writer's observations, is -
the richest zone in the formation. It rises from the
beach near the eastern edge of Alexis Roy‘s propery,
and can be traced to the east diagonally up the clifi
fronting the lot owned by George Hayes. A very pro-
mising spot occurs at the highest outcrop of the zone,
just west of where it disappears under the drift, bu.
. this is a little awkward to reach. The abundant fauna
includes fine specimens of Bothriolepis, Eusthenopter-
on, Scaumenacia, and occasionai acanthodians. A few
plant remains also occur here.
Fossil Zone No. 4
- This outcrops near the western edge of Alexis
Roy's property, and. the fossils occur high on the
cliff. The writer obtained specimens of Bothrio:epis
and Scaumenacia from here, but no extensive collection
\
Kao Liavays® Cals
éaout eff pig e! afte TF ike 4 daoxt al doned
sail yer Binpgerussk aebedonkay)
vecetbodtneom: ;
z sei eno thaw a.
A.
bixeseew tb edd eeco adi at shaewye gathoasor’ ee
ad? ni Degnéstpotas *t encs Jxen af) dosed ade, gaots
sunt , Sbtvold entoraa ‘to tol ade peitcost Tithe
saenomon onl _«aewto Liem #8 to. divom si3 29,
ed o¢ meen pedi cud ,anolboteneae pte ered eller
et tf «f Ol nuce Yo ‘oeods ante toile yirro?
A aeanuan’ to thieaet Isottanoldexy sd? tadt vale «
‘ono! ov mwemt ..1v09co 8 dz bi-aecaw
a vamoc¥evesedo atresia oa? of ativan ice =
it wot? teatt #1 .coiterrot ad¢ gh sade ssedelt team
“eiveqeng 2 QOH sttelA Yo eghe stedage 902 dosed sh ia
thiio att qv Yifsncgeth teen odd OF beset? ed sap baa
— .o saes {teen ;
sores | rit: 2
7 a tf "eo
oe att peed
eee tO egbe “mressew edt: teed
ste no dpi web ellewot “age 2
algo. ai tot Yo sasmioare | <
aolsoeLloo evinnstxe on te ‘aed
a
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Fossil, Zone \ No.5
This occurs near the top of the formation. The
exact geographical location was not deternined, but it
is probably in lot 200, owned by Emmanuel Landry. At
this point the beds appear to te horizontal, due to
-he coincidence of the plane of outcrop with the
strike. The zone persists for at least several hun-
ired feet along the cliff. Specimens of Bothriolepis
rere obtained here, and fine examples of Eusthenopter-
m are said to occur. The most abundant fossils are
‘eautiful plant fronds, the commonest being those of
he genus Archseopteris. Owing to the high position
“ume cliffs, .this zone. is:-a Littie «difficult to
‘ork.
Fossil Zone No. 6
This is the only zone examined by the writer
im
he outcrops south-east of the wharf. It rises from
he beach on lot 186, owned by Theodore Roy, and ex-
emqgs diagonally upward across the cliff on lot 187,
Meeproverty of George Hayes. It is muck more easily
ecessible on Roy's iot than on Hayes's. The exact
sere: Poieel vpyoesition was not determined, but it
ppears to be approximately the same as thet of zone
9. 3, west of the wharf. The faune includes Eusthen-
oteron. Scaumenacia, Cheirolenis canadensis, and
dthrioiepis.
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References
Alcock, F. J. (1935): Geology of Chaleur Bay region;
Geol. Surv., Canada, Memoir 183.
Clarke, J.M. (1911): Notes on the Geology ot the Culf
of St. Lawrence III Stratigraphy of the Devoniec
fish beds at Migouasha, -Province of Quebec; New
York State Museum, Bull. 149, pp.J28-130, pis.
9-11. ae
Clarke, J.M. (1913); Dalhousie and the Gaspe peninsula
- Scaumenac bay; Twelfth Inter. Geol. Cong. Guide
Book No. 1, pt. 1, po. 11lS-liSy 2 ipis: |
Ells, R. W. (1881): Report on the geology of northern
New Brunswick; Geol. Surv., Canada, Rept. Prog.
187S-80, pt. D. , j aL
Ells, R. W. (1883): Report on the geology of northern
and eastern New Brunswick; Geol. Surv., Canada,
Rept. Prog. 1880-81-82, pt. D.
Kindle, E. M. (1930): Stratigraphic relations of the
Upver Devonian beds and the Bonaventure conglo-
merate, at Escuminac bay, Quebec; Geol.. Surv.;
Canada, Summ. Rent. 1928, pt. C. pp. G5=-89, 1 pla:
10°
: ad? Uo Ygoloed ed? wo ae?
a att to ‘wilgarpttost® »
| poefeup to exetvers ,adenyog ht in
iq «= DEL-BSiugy fet . Leg ateoeued
awndssoa te feog oft co sxsqe®t + avs
| , afinned fe™ « «loop ¢%o fuaaierd welt rrelaso fea: a ne
7 ie -@ «VG , 28-18-088 L 9027 - 7908
les to snoifeier otdqermize sa s(008L) Of. ,
‘mipigacs erabueranc€ edt bas ebed asinovold wags
|) :8apt «kOe josde® . xed osmiuee ¢e “etaram oa
oefq £ ,O6+08 ig¢ -9 .tq .OS0L .dqeH ewe =. chee |
AE eco caboend
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Pasa T bhcl
Fleurant
Point
ESCUMINAC BAY
Dalhousie, N.B.
66°25' 66°20'
SCALE. T INCH = + MIELE
ot 184,George Connors Lot 197,Ludger Roy
oti3s, ve os Lot 198, vacant
ot 186, Théodore Roy Lot 199, "
ot 187, George Hayes Lot 200, Emmanuel Landry
ot 188, Michael Norton Lot 201, vacant
ot 139, James Norton. Lot 202, David Wafer
ot 190, Henry and William Wafer Lot 203,Clarence Edwands
moi, LT. Landry Lot 204, Harry Wafer
ot 192, Emile Roy Lot 205, Thomas Bailley
0t193B, Antoine ~Plourde Lot 206, David Wafer
0t193A, Frederick Letourneau Lot 207, |
oti94¢, George Hayes Lot 208, Alfred Gre
oti9s, Alexi Roy Lot 209, Wallace Dickey
otige,
Plate I. Map of the vicinity of Maguasha West.
ebec, showing cwnership of lots, and location of
incipa: fossil beds; based on Geological Survey
Canada, Map 286A, and information supplied by the
>bec Bureau of Mines.
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