NOTES AND QUERIES: ilebium ot hxttV'€o\n\nnniatmx LITEHAEY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. When found, make a note pf." — Captain Cuttle. .VOLUME ELEVENTH. January — June, 1855. LONDON: GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET. 1855. NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOB LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. •• ^Vlien found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttle. Vol. XI. — No. 271.] Saturday, Januaey 6. 1855. C Price Fourpence. I Stamped Edition, f^d. CONTENTS. Our Eleventh Volume - - - NoTBs : — Unpublished Lictters of John Locke, by John Bruce . . - - Thomns Goffe the Dramatist, by Bolton Corney . - - - - Antiquity of Swimmine-belts An early Society of Antiquaries PopixnA : — The Rev. Alexander Pope, Caithness — James Moore Smyth — Sa- tirical Print of Pope - - - Ubraries in Constantinople : the Lost Worlds of the Ancients - - - ToiK Lore :_Deatli-bed Superstition — " As Hk as a parson's barn "—Charm for a Wart — Rhymes on Winter Tem- pest—A muffled Peal on Innocents' Day School and College Fees in Scotland Eighty Years since, by R. Carruthers Minor Notes : — A Russian and an English Regiment — Epitaph on Ri- chard Adlam — Earthenware Vessels found at St. Mary's Collegiate Church, Youghal, Ireland— Schedone and Pous- «in — A Family of Mx Children at a Birth — Clxina, Conquest of - ^rxRiEs: — Addison's Letters, by Henry G. Bohn - Jennpns or Jennings of Acton Place "Ultimo," "Instant," and " Proximo " ■MiKoB QuEBiFs : — Canons of York — "L'OGil de Boiuf "— Cummin — The Episcopal Wig — King John's Charter granted to Youghal _ Le Moine's •Praises of Modesty " — Sea Spiders — iKibands of Recruiting Sergeants — Skilful Sergeant Corderoy — A Note 'for Junius — Anecdote of Canning _ Comedy at the Coronation of Edw . VI. — Work on the Reality of the Devil — Death of Sir Thomas Prendergast — True Cross, Relic of, in the Tower— Prussic Acid from Blood — Thirteen - Minor Qdertes with Answers : — Hangman's Wages _ Ancient Carving — Jubilee of 1809 — Coat Armour Beplies : — ■Quakers executed in North America - ajongevity - - - . . Page JPhotOORAPHIC CoRRElPONDBNCE :— BrO- Jno-iodide of Silver— " La Lumi^'e " and Pliotography in England— Pho- nography and Law — Exhibition of the iPhotographic Society - . - Uepiies TO Minor Qderies : — "After me the deluge "—Remedy for Jaundice — Age of Oaks — White Slavery — 'Talented"— "He that fights and mns away," &c.-Hengr«ye Church — Parish Registers, &c. - MlSCBLLANEOCS ; Notes on Books, &c. - - . Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. Moticei to Correspondents. Vol. XI — No. 271. A NTIQTT ARIES and HIS- 1\ TORIANS.- CATALOGUE of Inte- resting Books, consisting chiefly of History, Antiquities, Topography, Ancient Poetry, and Heraldry, selected from the Stock of THOMAS GEORGE STEVENSON, 8?. PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH. »*« Forwarded per Post on receipt of Two Stamps. " Here Crystal Glasses, such as Ganymede did oiFer to the Thunderer." AT THE OLD GLASS SHOP, 33. PRINCES STREET, SOHO, over against St. Ann's Church, may be seen a great Variety of Glass Manufactures, finished witli the same Care that has distinguished it during the last Forty Years. AVendre, le Manuscrit de L'ESCLAVAGE MODERNE, par F. DE LAMINAIS. tout entier ^crit de la Main de I'Auteur. S'addresscr chez MADAME SUVESTRE, Rue Chateau d'Eau 60, Paris. One large Volume, with 250 Illustrations, price 21. 2s. ARCHITECTURAL STU- r\ DIES IN FRANCE. By the REV. J. L. PETIT. With Illustrations from Draw- ings by the Author and P. 11. DELAMOTTE. " Our notice of thi« work has been unavoid- ably delayed until this season for hand'some and attractive books, and it would be difficult to meet with a volume combining so many first-rate illustrations with a subject worthy of them. It is not only a splendid Christmas book, Hut a really Christian book ; for surely a work conveying information and illustra- tions relating to some of the finest specimens of Christian temples, is entitled to be so cha- racterise''. Mr. Petit is already well known for his architectural works, which are justly held in high estimation ; but if we recollect right, this is the most elaborate and handsome volume which he has yet produced." — English Churchman, GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. 0^ 12mo., price U. 6d, THE STUDY OF LAN- ^ GUAGE : an Exposition qf "Tooke's Diversions of Purley," By CHARLES RICHAKDSOV, LL.P., Auaor of a New- Dictionary of the English I^anguage. " What an epoch in many a student's intel- lectual life has been his first acquaintance with the ' Diversions of Purley.' " —jTrencA on the Study of Words. " The judicio's endeavour of a veterRTi phjr lologist to extend the philosophical siudy of language by p pularising Horoe "Tooke's ' Diversions of Purb y,' Dr. Biehardsoji has done good service to the study of language in this very judicious and compact recast, for the book is mucli more Jhan an abridgroent." — Spectator. GEORGE B£LL, 186. FlMt Street. CURIOUS NEWSPAPERS. — Fac-similes of Four ex'teme'y curious and highly interesting Rare Newspapers, pub- lished during the Times i>t KING CHARLES and OLIVER CROMWELL. Price 6rf. each, or the Four sent by Post on receipt of Twenty- eight Stamps. C.C. SPILLER, 102. HOLBOl'N HILI, (Corner of Ely Place), LONDON. pHRONICLES OF THE AN- Vy CIENT BRITISH CHURCH, previous to the Arrival of St. Augustine, A. d. 596. Second Edition. Post 8vo. Price 5s. cloth. " A work of great utility to general readers." — Morning Post, " The author has collected with much in- dustT and care all the information which cut throw light on his subject."— Huardian, " Not unworthy the attention ol our clerical friends." — Notes and Queries, ii. 453. London; WERTHEIM & MACINTOSH, 24. Paternoster Row, and of all Booksellers. T'HE NEW CLERICAL DI- i RECTORY. - The First Part of THE NEW CLEHICAL DIRECTOHY will be presented with the n^xt Number of THE CLERICAL JOURNAL AND CHURCH AND UNIVERSITY CHRONICLE, on January 8. This CLERICAL DIRECTORY will con- tain a vast amount of original information not elsewhere to be obtained, being a complete 1 guide to all facts necessary to be known re- i specting the ' lergy and the Church. 1 Ai VERTISERS wi 1 find the Number of i the CLERICAL JOURNAL for January 3 a I very desirable medium. Ti-:N THOUSAND C< >PIES will be issued and circulated among , the Clergy and best classes of the Laity, throughout the kingdom. A Copy, with Directory Supplement, Post Free, in return for Nine Stamps. JOHN CROCKFORD. 29. Essex Street, Strand, London. PART IV. of the BIBLIO- GRAPHER'S MANUAL, just pub- lished, contains Genealogy, Heraldry, Topo- gr^ihy, Astrology, Witchcraft, America, Early Typography, Games. X:c. &c ; also Prints, Autographs, Literary Miscel anie . Gratis, or by Post for Two Stamps, or with former Parts Six Stamps. Orders for 403. carriage free. JOHN GRAY BELL, II. Oxfprl Street, Manchester. Second Edition, with large tn p, pyice 3s., cloth boards. 1)RIZE ESSAY ON PORTU- GAL. By JOSEPH JAMES FOR- ESTER, of Oporto, F.R.G.S. of London, Paris, Berlin, &c.. Author of " Original Sur^ yeys of the Port Wine Districts ; " of the " River Douro from the Ocean to the Spanish Frontier;" and of the "lieology i^f the Bed and Banks of the Douro (" (iisoora projectfor tre improvement of the navigation of that river, and of varjoni other works on Portugal. JOHII ■WEALE, 69. Hlsh HollxKU. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 271. THE SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY. An Elegant and Interestini; Work, containing New and Important Discoveries respectine the JLife and Writings of Shakspeare. — Price ls.6d., or sent Free on receipt of Twenty-four Stamps. Contents : Shakspeare and the Spanish Invasion, with an Alphabetical I>ist of Loyal Old English Families who contributed Money for the Defence of their Country i Account of the Medical Practice of Shakspcare's Son-iii-Law, Dr. Join Hall, with an Alphabetical List of his Patients m Warwickshire, and the adjoining Counties ; Discovery of some of Shakspeare 's Manuscripts m Wales, with Extracts ; Notes on his Pedigree and the True Orthography of his Name, his Birthday, his Education, his Gallantry, his Bequest to his Wife ; Account of a very Destructive Flood at Stratford-on-Avon, in Shakspcare's time ; Ancient Verses addressed to him on his leaving Stratford-on-Avon to visit London ; Shakspeare, the Poet Catholic ; his Genius as a Comic Writer • The Government and Shakspcare's House ; Shakspcare's Wainscot Chair and gjs Mulberry Tree ; Verses written by an American Pileiim to Shakspcare's Birthplace ; The Bhakspearian Festival at Stratford-on-Avon ; Theatres in Ancient Times ; Expenses of a Play ™ 1511 Curious Early Proclamations against Players; Shakspeare and Bartholomew Fa'r ; on Shakspeare ; Hemarks on J. P. Collier's old annotated Copy of the Folio Edition (1632) of Shakspcare's Works ; Notes ou the Plays of Shakspeare, written by Thomas White, B.A., of Cambridge, in 1793, and now first published from the Original Manuscript in Mr. Fennell's Collection; A Ca-alogue ot Rare and Curious Old Books and Tracts relative to the English Counties, Local Family History, &c. &c J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, High Holbom, London. Thi» Day is published, price 3s. Sd., Part XVT. of the rpOPOGRAPHER AND GE- 1 NEALOGI'^T, edited by JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.,Lo^D. and Nbwo. Contents : _ Pedigrees of Ellis and Fitz-Ellis —Epitaphs in the Huguenots' Burying-place at Paris, 1675 — Statistic!! Account of the Diocese of Cloyne. compiled in the year 1 774, by the Rev. James Hingston — Extracts from tne Parish Registers of Hornby, co. York _ Extracts from the Parish Registers of Milton Lislebon, near Pewsey, co. Wilts — Pedigrees ot Parr of Ken- dal, of Parr and Kcnpnall, co. Lancaster, Backford, co. Chester, and other Col ateral Branches — P, digrees of i-everal Families of Bishop, of Devonshire, Dorsetshire, London, Norfolk, Lincolnshire, Warwickshire, York- «hire, Kent, and Sussex — Ttstimony to the Exemption of Skiddy's Lands, near Cork from the impositions o' Coyne and Livery, &c., given in the 37 Hen VIII _ Memora da in He- raldry : from the MSS. of Peter Le Neve, some- time Norroy King of Arms (continued). J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. Now readj, Second Edition, t Voli. po«t 8vo., price 21«. EEMINTSCENCES OF THE ) UNIVERi!ITY, TOWN, and COUNTY of CAMBRIDGE, fro ■■ the Year 1780. By the late HENRY GUNNING, M.A., Sen., ESQ., Bedell. " Some of the -tories are extremely piquant, and others are intciesting as pictures ot man- ners and habits of our foretath> rs, and such as are not to b procured from the ordinary re- cords of information respecting bygone times." — Cambridge Chronkle. " We have preferred amusing extracts in (uch as we have taken from Mr. Guining's 'Reminiscences,' but let not the reader suppose that there is not also grave information in them. The volumes contain interestingnotices of many very distinguished characters con- nected with the peri, d they describe, "-nd with whom the author was personally acquainted." — Examiner. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. MODERATEUK LAMPS. — EVANS. SONS, & CO., respectfully in- Tite their friends and the public to nn in- spection of the extensive and beaulifulSTt •< K of these much-admired LaMI'S, ju t received from Paris, emi.racing all recent improvements, in bronze, or-moulu, crystal, alabaster, and porcelain, of various elcuant designs, suitable for the cottage or mansion. Show )0''V is not only amusing, but " full of strange information that every one would like to possess. It is the note- book of an intelligent, educated, and studious man, enabling the reader, by skimming over pages, to obtain an amount of knowledge for which the author has ransacked libraries." — Times. London : RICHARD BENTLEY, Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty. J BENTLEY'S MONTHLY VOLUMES. This Day, Vol. I. (complete in three), in crown post avo., beautifully printed and bound, with Illustration, ti«., ESSES MEMOIRS OF THE , , COURT OF ENGLAND UNDER THE STUARTS, incluHinz the Protectorate. The price of the Twelve Volumes to be pub- lished in the course of 1855, at 6s. per Volume, would be 3i. 12s . but in order to give an ad- vantage to Subscribers, they will be supplied with the first Twelve Volumes for 3?. 5s., on remittance of that amount with the order. London : RICHARD BENTLEY. Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty. Now ready, in 8vo., with Map, 14s. 'THE DRUSES OF THE LE- I BANON : their Manners, Customs, and History. With a Translation of their Reli- gious Ode. By GEORt.E WASHINGTON CHASSEAUD, late of Beyrout, Syria. " When I travelled I took a particular de- light in hearing the songs and fables that are come from father to son, and are most in vogue among the common people of the coun- tries through which I passed. — Spectatiir. London : RICHARD BENTLEY, Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty. Now ready. Vol. I. (to be completed in Two), 8vo., with Maps ajid Plans, uniform with " Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World," 12s. HISTORY of the OTTOMAN TURKS, from the Foundation of their Empire to the Present Time. Chieflv based upon Von Hammer. By PHOFE-SOR CREASY, Author -f "The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World," '" Rise and Progress of the Knglish Constitution," &c. " It will take rank as the standard work of English literature ou the History of Turkey." - John BuU. London : RICHARD BENTLEY, Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty. T7REE TRADE IN BOOKS— r 4. COPTHAI.L BUILDINGS. Moor- g itc Street. — .>^. & T. GILBERT beg rest«ect- fuUv to inform the Public, that they supply all Books, Magazines. Reviews, Periodicals, Al- miinacs. Pocket-books, and Diaries, published at Is. and upwards, at a reduction of 2r/. in the Shilling, for Cash. Country O'ders executed m the same terrrs, and delivered on the fol- lowing morning, at a charge for Postage of f*d, for each pout d, or fraction of a pound weight. Scliool and Export Orders promptly attended to. Please note the Address : S. .* T. Gil BERT. Booksellers, 4. Copthall Buildings, Moorgate Street. DR. LOVELL'S SCHOOL, WINSLOW HALL. BUCKS. — The PUPILS will RE-ASSEMBLE, after the present Vacation, on the 25tii January. A late Pupil has just been elected to a Sehobir.-hip at Lincoln College, Cxtord. Two others passed the Army Examination last September, and have already received Commissions — All par- ticulars about he School can be had on Appli- cation to the Principal. Jan. 6. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. LONDON. SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1855. OUB EI-EVENTH VOLUME. On the commencement of our Eleventh Volume our thanks are particularly due to our kind Friends, Contri- butors, and Headers. Their continued and increasing support excites our warmest gratitude. May 1855 be a happy and prosperous New Year to them — one and all! The Volumes of "Notes and Queries" published during the past year have contributed in many ways, and in no unimportant manner, to the illustration of our Language, Literature, and History. No effort shall be wanting to make the volume now commenced equally interesting to the Reader of the present day, and not less likely to be profitable to those who may hereafter refer to it. Need We promise more ? And does not the Number to which We now invite the Reader's attention, justify our saying thus much ? UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF JOHN LOCKE. The three letters I now send you seem to de- serve attention on several grounds. All of them are, I believe, unpublished, and two are letters of our great metaphysician John Locke. They all illustrate, although slightly, an important subject not yet properly treated in our literature, the his- tory of the origin and progress of true principles in reference to commerce ; and, finally, those of Locke tend to strengthen and render clear our notions of the real character of that great and good man. Of Locke's correspondent Gary, it will be suffi- cient to say, that he was a well-known merchant of Bristol ; and published, besides other works, a valuable Essay on the State of Trade in England (1695, 8vo. Bristol). At that time the important question of a new coinage was under consider- ation, and the propriety of preserving the old standard was in contest between Locke and Mr. Lowndes. On the publication of Locke's reply to Lowndes's Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coin, Gary sent Locke a copy of his Essay on Trade, with the following letter, in which be pointed out some mistakes in Locke's answer to Lowndes : Bristol!, Janu. 11«>'95. Worthy Sir, I have read yo*^ answer to Mr. Lowndes his Essay for the amendm* of the silver coins, and I think the nation obliged by the service you have done in handling a subject of that weight so fully. I know my private opinion will not add a mite to its value ; however, I must give it this character, that you have done it (as all other things you write) w"* such clearness and strength of argum*, as if it had been the only thing whereto you had bent yo"" studys. When men undertake subjects whereof they have no clear notions, their books rather perplex the reader then guide him to a right understanding of what they would seem to unriddle. He that designs to propose methods to keep our money at home, must first consider what it is that causes it to be carried abroad. In this I think you have hit y^ mark. 'Tis the balance of our trade w*** foreign countrys, not altering the standard of our coine, w*^"" encreases or lessens our bullion at home ; and then the next thing is, to consider how this ballance may be brought to our side. When other nations are brought into our debt, no room is left for fetching away our bullion ; but, on the contrary, they must send us theirs ; and this I judge cannot better be done then by incouradging our manufacturers, w*^"^ will imploy our people. The wealth of England arises chiefly from the labour of its inhabitants, w'^'' being added to our own product, and also to the foreign ma- terials we import, encreases their value in those markets whither we export them ; and by how much we lessen the emportation of things already manufactured, and encrease that of the primums whereof they are made, soe much will the ballance of our trade alter everywhere in our favour. When the publick good of a nation is the design of a writer, it arms him with some assurance, w"*^ hath emboldened me to present you w*'' this little Tract or Essay on Trade, — the work of some leisure hours. All I say concerning it is, that 'twas wrote without p'tiall respect to any one trade more then another ; if you shall think it worth your reading, 'twill oblige me. Please to give me leave to offer at something in yo'' book, w'^'' I suppose to be an oversight ; pa. 86., you propose the half-crowns, half-scepters, or half-unites, should go for two shillings and seven- pence half-penny each. I apprehend 'twas en- tended three shillings one penny half-penny, else 'twill not agree with the exact half of the crown, scepter, or unite ; whether I take this right, 1 am uncertaine, but the following table, pa. 86, must be erroneous, where you put the half-crown - - 2s. 0^. 3 ditto - 8 lOi 5 ditto - 15 u 7 ditto - 21 H This table seems to be perplext : for if you design the half-crown (w'^'' is imperfectly printed) at 2s. 7 id. then 3 ditto must be 7 10^ 5 ditto 13 1^ 7 ditto 18 41- Nor will it agree with 3s. 1^,^. for the half-crown, w*^** is according to 6s. 3d. the crown. I have no NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 271. designe in mentioning this, save that if you find it an error it may be corrected in the next edition. I shall be obliged to you for the like favour, if you please to give yourselfe the trouble to read my book, w'^'' was seen by no man but myself till it past y" press, y"'fore I cannot think it without oversights. I am, Sir, yo'' m'' hu. serv*, Jno. Cart. To John Locke, Esq. This letter, and the accompanying book, did not reach Locke until the 11th of the following April. How the delay arose does not appear, Locke immediately replied as follows : Gates, 12 Apr., '96. Worthy S% Y' obleigeing letter of Jan. 11, with the most ac- ceptable present of y"" booke w*^*" accompanied it, came not to my hands till late last night. The lin- gering of it soe long by the way has upon many ac- counts been a misfortune to me. It has deprived me of the pleasure and instructions I might have had from the perusall of y"^ Essay. It has made me loose the oportunity of correcting a great fault, w*^*" having passed the presse in the first edition of my answer to Mr. Lowndes, I wish y' timely and very kinde admonition had come early enough to have made me set right in the second. But most of all I am troubld, that it has soe long delayd my thanks to one, who by his undeserved civility has soe just a right to them. And I might reasonably a[)pre- hend what thoughts of me soe hmg a silence might raise in y", did I not perswade myself that the good opinion y" are pleased to exj)resse of me in y' letter, would not let y" impute my silence to the worst of causes, ill breeding and ingratitude, till y" were satisfied that the slowness of my ac- knowledgm* was owing to noe thing but pure neglect in me. This stop soe unluckily put to the beginning of my acquaintance with y" I hope y" will perniitt me to repaire by my faster growth in it. Thuike not this a complem' in returne to y"^ civility, w*^** has made the overture. This request has more weighty motives than what I have re- ceived from y", though I acknowledge y' book and y' letter have very much obleiged me. A worthy rational man and a disiiiteressed lover of his country is soe valuable a thing, y* I thinke I may be allowed to be very ambitious of such acquaint- ance wherever I can meet with it. Give me leave then, now y* y" have opened the way to it, to own an impatience to be admitted into the freedom of familiarity and communicaticm. For though I have not yet the happynesse to know y' face, yet I am not wholy a stranger to y'' character. I ."hall say nothing now of y"^ booke : the few hours I have had it, have permitted me barely to cast my eye in hast on the three or fower first pages. I shall imploy the first leisure I have to read it over with attention, and to shew that I think my self already past the terms of complem' with y" I shall very frankly doe what in the close of y' letter y" desire of me; and whereof y" have set me so friendly an example in the error y" have shew*^ me in mine. I am, worthy S"", Y'' most humble and most obleiged servant, John Locke. KeC^ Aprill IS'""! ,„^ Answ. y« IT'" J ^"' Gary answered this letter on the 17th April, immediately after its receipt. A copy of his answer is preserved in the MS. whence the other letters are derived : — Additional MS. Brit. Mus. 5,540. In the course of Gary's reply, he remarked, " The freedome I took in laying before you the Printer's Errors in yo'' answer to Mr. Lowndes you are pleased to excuse, and to take it with the same candor I intended it." On the 2nd May Locke returned the following excellent reply : Gates, 2 May, '96. Worthy S% I have read over your Essay of Trade y" did me the favour to send me, and have found the satis- faction I expected. It answers the character I had of y", and is the best discourse I ever read on that subject, not only for the clearnesse of all that y" deliver and the undoubted evidence of most of it, but for a reason that weighs with me more than both these, and that is, that sincere aime at the publick good and that disinteres.sed reasoning that appears to me in all y"^ proposals ; a thing that I have not been able to finde in those authors on the same argument w'^'' I have looked into. This makes me dare to owne to y" that there are some few things in it wherein my opinion differs from y", but yet I like not y"^ booke one jot the worse, since I can promise myselfe from a man of y"" ingenuity, and one who covers not by-interest of his owne under the pretence of serving the publick, that when I have the oportunity to debate them with y", either I shall be brought to righter thoughts by y'' stronger reason, or else that y" will not reject anything I shall offer be- cause y" have been of an other minde. In all debates with any one, all that I desire is, that between us the truth may be found, but whether I brought it thither, or carry it away, instead of an error that tooke its place before, I am little con- cerned ; only in the latter case I am sure I am the greater gainer. Gne thing I have to complain of y' booke, but it is the complaint of a greedy man, and that is, that it is too little ; but a second edition will give y" an oportunity to enlarge it, and I hope you will doe soe. He y* could say soe much can say a great deale more if he will, and y" doe as good as Jan. 6. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. confesse it in several parts of y' Essay. Y" cannot employ y"" thoughts on a more necessary or usefuU subject. The country gent., who is most con- cerned in a right ordering of trade, both in duty and interest, is of all others the most remote from any true notions of it, or sense of his stake in it. 'Tis high time somebody should awaken and In- forme him, that he may, in his place, looke a little after it. I know noebody so able to doe it as y". I see noe party or interest y" contend for but that of truth and y'' country. Such a man carrys authority and evidence in what he says, and those that will not take the pains to under- stand him thoroughly, cannot refuse to believe him, and therefor I hope the same reasons that first set y" on worke will have force to make y" goe on. Y" make apologies in y" of the 17 Apr. for the freedom y" tooke in shewing me a mistake in my booke, and take it as a kinde of obligation that I excuse it. But I tell y" I doe not excuse it: that were to suppose that it needed an excuse. Now, I assure y", I thanke y" for it, and whether it were mine or the printer's slip, I take it for a great marke of y"^ good will and friendship to me, y* y" advised me of it, and I have given order to have it mended. Will y" give me leave with the same candor to offer two places to y" to be alterd in the next edition of y"" booke ; the one is in the last page of y' dedication to the king, where I thinke it is more for the advantage of y'^ argument that y" should say all his dominions rather than Judsea. For he and his father David had extended their conquests as far as the Great River, i. e. Eu- phrates, and the Scripture tells us that Solomon built Tadmor, w"^** was a great town in a pleasant and fruitfuU plain a great way in Arabia deserta. The other I guesse is a slip of the printer, and is of noe consequence to y'^ argum', and that is Inter Hades, p. 56., w*^^ I conceive should rather be In Hades or Hadou, w*^** signifies the state of the dead, and possibly y" will think may be as well expressed by amongst the shades, or some such other English words. I take this liberty only to shew y" that I in earnest covet a familiar acquaintance with y", and am, without a complem*, s^ Your most humble servant, John Locke. Rec^MayStn, Answ. y« 9*^ J ^^' For Mr. John Gary, Merchant, in Bristol. Gary replied 'with a promise to call on Locke the first time he came to London ; but the acquaint- ance made no progress. Other letters of Gary's may be seen in Mr. Rix's excellent volume of the Diary of Edmund Bohun. Locke's last letter speaks for itself. The kindness, conscientiousness, and precision, which were such marked charac- teristics of our eminent philosopher, are here written distinctly ; nor is there wanting that tinge of formality which was equally conspicuous in the man himself. John Bruce. THOMAS GOFFE THE DRAMATIST. " (Test la hibliograplde qui fournit a Vhistoire litteraire les elemens les plus positifs, et qui peut lui donner une exacti- tude rigoureuse." — Pierre-Claude-Fran9ois Daunou, 1831. No one can travel far in the walks of English history without discovering some new facts, or rectifications of current statements ; some par- ticulars which, if rejected as discoveries by the Bruces, the Colliers, the Dyces, the Singers, would certainly be hailed as such by those who are ac- customed to confide in the ordinary sources of information on the respective subjects. As an exemplification of this remark I shall give the result of an inquiry into the dramatic history of Thomas Goffe, M.A., student of Christ- church, Oxford; afterwards B.D. and rector of East Clandon, Surrey. Of the various reports of his proceedings, I shall transcribe and comment on two of the earliest and two of the latest : " Thomas Goff, the author of the Courageous Turk, Selimus, Orestes, tragedies ; The careless sheapherdess, a tragi-comedy ; and Cupid^s whirligig, a comedy." — Edward Philips, 1675. « Thomas Goff.— He writ several pieces on several sub- jects, amongst which are reckon'd five plays, viz. The careless shepherdess, 1656, 4». — The courageous Turk, 1656, 80.— Orestes, 1656, 8".— The raging Turk, 1656, 8°, Seliinus, 1638, 4°."— Gerard Langbaine, 1691. " Thomas Goff. — He wrote several tragedies; but these do no honour to his memory, being full of the most ridi- culous bombast ; and one comedy, which is not without merit." — William Gifford, 1813. "Thomas Gouffe. — He wrote five tragedies, but none of them printed in his life-time. In the latter part of his life he wrote some comedies, published in the year in which he died."— Owen Manning and William Bbay» 1814. Thomas Goffe wrote three tragedies while a student of Christ-church. We may consider them as his college exercises, and they were not published in his life-time. The raging Tvrke was dedicated to sir Richard Tichbourne by Richard Meighen, one of the proprietors of the second folio Shakspere, in 1631 ; The covragiovs Tvrke was dedicated to sir Walter Tichbourne by the same person in 1632 ; and The tragedy of Orestes was published by Mr. Meighen, without any de- dication, in 1633. This was the utmost extent of his dramatic writings. Philips was an ingenious critic, but a very care- less bibliographer. If he had examined The raging Tvrke he could have had no doubt as to its authorship. If he had examined the Selimus of 1594, he could not have ascribed it to Goffe, who did not leave Westminster-school till 1609. NOTES AND QUERIES. {No. 271. If he had examined Cvpids whirligig as printed in 1607, 1611, or 1616, he must have observed that it was addressed to maister Robert Hayman hy E. S. ! If he had examined The careless shep- herdes he must have seen that it was written for the theatre in Salisbury-court : now that theatre, as my friend Mr. Peter Cunningham has proved by documentary evidence, was not even built in the life-time of GofFe! Langbaine deserves about the same character as Philips. Of the five plays which he ascribes to Goffe, two are mis-ascribed, and he cites no one of the authoritative editions. Gifford condemns our author for making a raging Turk speak in character, and praises him for what he never wrote. I spare Manning and Bray, as dramatic history was rather out of their line. I do not mean to insinuate that all the corrective facts now produced are discoveries. Langbaine asserted that GofFe was not the author of Cvpids whirligig, and Mr. Isaac Reed proved that he could not be the author of Selimus ; but all the authorities whom I have consulted ascribe to him The careless shepherdes — and all of them betray a deficiency of bibliographic research. I have now justified the epigraph prefixed to this note, which cannot be too often repeated. It was written by its estimable author after a literary career of more than half a century. The discovery of errors sugstests the query. How did they arise? And an attempt to solve such a query is far from useless curiosity. It leads us to consider the nature of evidence ; it helps to sharpen the detective faculty ; and to pre- serve those who write from the censures of future critics. How then did the errors arise in this particular instance ? Here are my humble conjectures. Philips omits The raging Tvrke. Now, as that tragedy is ascribed to Goffe in the dramatic cata- logues which were printed in 1661, 1671, and 1675, it may either have been omitted through oversight, or because it was assumed to be the same piece as The covragiovs Tvrke. He may have ascribed Selimus to Goffe either on the authority of the aforesaid catalogues, or of the edition of 1638, in which the piece is said to be written by T. G. It is, however, the edition of 1594 with a falsified title ! He may have ascribed The careless shepherdes to Goffe, though not published till five-and-twenty years after his death, either on the authority of the aforesaid catalogues, or because it is said to be written by T. G.Mr, of arts. He may have ascribed Cvpids whirligig to Goffe because it follows, in the aforesaid cata- logues. The careless shepherdes ; and he may have seen only the edition of 1630, in which the dedi- cation by E. S. is omitted. After so many conjectures, I must return to facts. Langbaine says Goffe " was buried at his own parish-church at Clandon, the 27th of July, 1627. ' This is an error. By the kind permission of the rev. Edward John Ward, M. A., the rector, I copied, some time since, the subjoined entry from the original register : « 1629 July 27« Sepultus Thomas Goffe SS Theolog. Baccalaureus et Ecclesiae hujus Paroch Rector." Bolton Corkbt. ANTIQUfTT OF SWIMMING-BELTS. Those who hold that, literally, " there is nothing new under the sun," will see more than a fancifm parallel between a well-known passage in the Odyssey, and the following incident in the late wreck of the mail steamer " Forerunner." Cap- tain Kennedy, one of the passengers in that ship, thus modestly related to the Court of Inquiry an heroic act of his own, which is well worthy of record : "Remembering that there was a sick gentleman, a merchant captain, Mr. Gregory, who was below, I weat to inform him of our danger. This gentleman had pre- viously informed me that if any accident ever occurred he would certainly be drowned, as he could not swim. I remembered this at the moment, and as I had a swimming- belt in my cabin, I immediately rushed down to my cabia for the purpose of getting it. I gave it to Mr. Gregory. I inflated it for him, and put it round him, for he did not understand how to use it. I then left Mr. Gregory to shift for himself," &c. — The Times, Nov. 21, 1854. In the fifth book of the Odyssey we read the beautiful passage, which forms the subject of one of Flaxman's graceful illustrations, of the sea- nymph Leucothoe bringing to Ulysses, tempest- tost upon his raft, a magic zone, which, bound around his breast, enables him to swim to land. I will not trouble unlearned readers with the Greek ; Cowper's translation is, — " Take this : this ribband bind beneath thy breast. Celestial texture : thenceforth every fear of death dis- miss," &c. The Greek word is KfyfiSefj-vov, variously rendered in English zone, girdle, ribband, cincture. Without going so far as to believe that all new arts and inventions are but lost ones revived, I think it not improbable that the swimming-belt, inflated with air, may have been known in ante- Homeric times, and the tradition of it thus pre- served. F. Jan. 6. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. AN EABLT SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. It is not, perhaps, generally known that a So- ciety of Antiquaries existed in the seventeenth century.* The following minute of its first " chapter," at which its rules and bye-laws were instituted, will not, I hope, be unacceptable to your readers. It is, throughout, in the handwriting of Sir Edward Dering, except the signatures, which are auto- graph. There are verbal corrections in it, made evidently on the suggestion of the moment, and Sir Edward's signature is the first appended. The style and language are decidedly his ; and I think we may, with a fair presumption of truth, assign to him the honour of originating this So- ciety. That it enjoyed but a brief existence is easily accounted for by the parliamentary trou- bles which arose almost within two years of its birth, and in which more than one of its members bore part. The conventional marks by which the MSS-, &c. of the members were to be distinguished, is a fact of no small importance to collectors in this day. I have frequently met with one or other of these marks on MSS., and, till the discovery of this document, have always been at a loss to ac- count for them. I hope, therefore, by the publi- cation of this interesting minute in " N. & Q.," to furnish collectors with a satisfactory means of identifying many of their MSS. L. B. L. ANTIQUITAS EEDIVIVA. Att a chapter held y^ first of May, A° D"' 1638, by the [Schollers] Students of Anti- quity whose names are underwritten, itt was agreed, and concluded upon, to hold, keepe, and with best credite to preserve these articles following, viz. : I* Imprimis. That every one do heipe and fur- ther each others studyes and endeavours, by im- parting and communicating (as time and other circumstances may permitt) all such bookes, notes, deedes, roUes, &c. as he hath, for y* expe- diting whereof, and that each may knowe what to borowe of other, for his best use and behoofe, itt is first concluded and promised, cache to send other a pfect inventory and catalogue of all such notes, bookes, collections, &c. as they now have. 2° Item. That no ^son of this society do shewe or otherwise make knowen this, or any y^ like future agreement, nor call in, nor promise to call in any other person to this society, w'bout a par- ticular consent first had of all this present society. [* This it would appear followed, although, perhaps, not in consequence of the failure of Bolton's scheme for "an Academ Royal ; " of which scheme Mr. Hunter has given so interesting an account. (See Archceologia, voL xxxii. pp. 132— 149.) — Ed. "N. & Q."] 3" Item. That every one do severally gather all observable collections which he can, concerning y^ foundations of any religious house, or castle, or publicke worke, and all memorable notes for historical! illustration of this kingdome : or y* geneologicall honour of any family therein, espe- cially concerning y* countyes of Kent, Hunting- don, Northampton, and Warwick ; and y" same to communicate unto such of this society who is most interessed therein. 4° Item. That every one doe carefully and faythfully observe and recorde all persons which haue beene dignifyed with y^ title of knighthood, with a breife of y* time, place, county, &c. ; y" same to be disposed into such methode as att y* next consultation shall be agreed upon. 5° Item. That every one do endeavour to bor- rowe of other strangers, with whom he hath interest, all such bookes, notes, rolles, deedes, &c. as he can obteyne, as well for any of his parteners as for himself. 6° Item. Whereas, itt is entended, with care, cost, and industry, to pfect up certeine select, choise, and compleate treatises of armory and antiquityes, which cannot well be done without some preceding, rough, unpolished, and fowle originall coppyes : Itt is now agreed, concluded, and mutually promised, that y* s^ principall bookes so compleated, shall not, upon forfeite of credite, be lent out from among this society to any other person whatsoever. 7° Item. That y* afores"^ roughe coppyes be not imparted to any stranger, without y* gnll consult of this society. 8° Item. That care be providently had, not to lend, much lesse to parte with, any other peece, treatise, booke, roll, deed, &c. unto any stranger ; but to such psons, from whom some reasonable exchange probably be had or boi-rowed. 9° Item. That euery of the rest do send unto S'^ Christopher Hatton, a pfect [note] transcript of all such heires femall of note as he can find — with y" probates of euery of them — to be method- ized by him. 10" Item. For y* better expediting of these studyes, by dividing y® greate burden which through such infinite variety of particulars would arise, to the discouragement and oppressing of any one man's industry, itt is concluded and agreed to part and divide these labours as fol- loweth, viz. That S'' Christopher Hatton shall take care to collect and register all old rolles of armes, and old parchment bookes of armes, being of equall valew, antiquity, and forme with y* rolles. 11° Item. For y" same reasons, that S' Thomas Shirley shall collect together and enter (att large or in breife, according to such coppyes as can be had), all patentes and coppyes of new grantes or confirmacons of armes or creastes. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 271. 12° Item. For y* same reasons, that S"" Edward Bering do gather and compose a full compleate booke of armes by way of ordinary. 13° Item. For y* same reasons, that M"^ Dugdall do collect and coppy all armoriall seales with a breuiate of y*^ deedes, and y'' true dimensions of J* seales. 14° Item. For y" same reasons, that S' Edward Dering do sometime this soinr beginne a new system or body of armory, with such brevity, pspicuity, and proper examples, as may best be chosen ; to which purpose y^ other associates haue promised to send unto him such helpe, by way of originalls or coppyes of all extraordinary formes of sheildes, charges, supporters, augmentations, diminutions, differences, &c. as they can furnish forth; the same to be reveiwed att y* next chapter. 15° Item. For y^ same reasons, that S' Thomas Shirley do gather y® names and armes of all (or as many as can be had) mayors, sheriflfes, and aldermen of London and Yorke, and of all other cittyes and townes throughout all ages. 16° Item. For y° same reasons, that S''jChris- topher Hatton do collect together all y" names and armes of knightes, to which purpose, all y* rest of y* society are to send unto him such supply as they haue, except itt be for y" knightes of King James and King Charles, which are by y' paynes of Mr. Anthony Dering allready putt into good order, for which S' Edward Dering undertaketh. 17° Item. Whereas many usefuU and pleasur- able notes are passed and comunicated betweene J® fores^ [schoUers] students of antiquity. Now to y* intent that continuall recourse may euer (as occasion shall arise) be had to y* study, bookes, and collections of him that shall so send or impart y" same, for y" iustifying of any transcript so received, and for y* more quicke finding and reveiwe of y" same, itt is further concluded and agreed, that every one shall forthwith fayrely marke every severall booke, roll, treatise, deede, &c., in his library : First, with one gnll note or marke of appropriation, whereby att first veiwe to know y* owner thereof: and then with such other addi- tional! marke as shall be thought fitt, that is to say,— S' Edward Dering to marke all such as belong unto him in this forme [on a shield, a saltire]. S' Christopher Hatton [a garb]. S'' Thomas Shirley [on a shield paly, a canton ermine]. And M"^ Dugdall thus [a cross moline]. And for petty small marks, these, in order as above, X — H — S— D. 18° Item. IWhen any pson receiueth any tran- script or note from another of this society, which he is to keepe as his owne, and thereof to make use, he shall imediately marke y* same note, and all future transcripts thereof, with y* cheife cha- racter or marke of y' sender as aboue, — and y" sender of euery note shall take care that all notes by him sent, shall be written (as neare as may be) in y" same paper for size of bignesse as he shall first use, whether y° note sent do fill y* whole sheete, or but a line therein. 19° Item. Least that too much care of sending- one to another may begett some mistake in lend- ing one thing twice, itt is resolved and agreed that he who sendeth or lendeth any booke, note, or roll, &c., to any other of this society, shall att y* sending or returne of the same, marke the same with y" principal! character or marke of the person to whom he shall so lend itt, — and, if itt be coppyed out of any of his bookes, then to sett a little marke of y" same forme in y* margent of y* s^ booke. 20° Lastly. To preuent y" hazard of loosing time, by y^ trouble of seuerall mens taking coppyes of one and y* same thing : itt is concluded and agreed that whosoeuer peruse any booke, treatise, or deed, &c., and do transcribe y* same, he shall, att y® very last line, if itt be booke or treatise, &c. — or on y* dorse or y® labell, if itt b^^ a deede, sett one of these two markes D or d, — that is to say, if y" coppy be taken verbatim, then y* capitall letter D, but if breviated, then d. Edward Dering, Christopher Hattox,. Thomas Shirley, Wm. Dugdale. Notes. Sir Edward Dering was the first baronet of his house ;; his mark, the saltire, was his coat armour, or rather the- coat of Morini adopted by him. Sir Christopher Hatton was probably the first Lord Hatton, so created 1643, and great-great-grandson of John Hatton, brother of the Lord Keeper, temp. Eliz. The garb, his mark, was from his coat of arms. Sir Thomas Shirley. His mark is the coat of Shirlej Paley, a canton ermine. Dugdale, the Dugdale, his mark was from his coat of arms, a cross moline. POPIANA. 77ie Rev. Alexander Pope, Caithness. — In tie Life of Pope I have mentioned a namesake and acquaintance of the poet who was minister of the parish of Reay, In Caithness. A snuff-box is in existence which Pope Is said to have presented to his clerical friend In the north. It is a handsome gilt box with an allegorical scene in relief on the lid. This interesting relic is believed to have been sent to the Rev. A. Pope by the poet, accom- panied by a note, in which he claimed a distant relationship to the minister. The box Is in the" possession of the grandson (by the mother's side) of the Rev. W. Pope, namely, James Campbell, Esq., Assistant Commissary-General, Edinburgh. The poet's autograph has been lost (to Mr. Camp- bell's great regret), but an elder brother of thia Jan. 6. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. gentleman distinctly recollected to have often seen and read it during his grandfather's life. May not the family of the poet have been originally from the north of Scotland, where a number of Popes, clergymen, resided in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ? The grandfather of Pope is said to have been a clergyman in Hampshire, but no trace of him can be found in the registers of incumbents. The above particulars I owe to the courtesy of my friend, Mr. Robert Chambers, and trust the subject will be taken up by some of the able correspondents of " N, & Q.," who enjoy facilities for prosecuting literary and antiquarian researches. R. Caeeuthees. Inverness. James Moore Smyth. — To the Query of S. J. M. in Vol. X., p. 459. of'K & Q.," it maybe an- swered that the fact of James Moore Smyth, the object of Pope's hatred and satire, being the son of Arthur Moore, M.P., the distinguished Commis- sioner for Trades and Plantations, &c., seems esta- blished by the GentlemarCs Magazine, and by Man- ning and Bray's History of Surrey. The former announces his death (October 18, 1734) as " son of the late Arthur Moore, of Fetcham, Esq.," &c. The local history describes the estate of Fetcham as having been purchased by Arthur Moore, Esq. ; and an account is given of Arthur Moore and his family, including his third son James, who, according to the Gentleman's Magazine, took the name of Smyth " to enjoy an estate left him by Mr. Smyth of Gloucester Street." JST. B. Satirical Print of Pope (Vol. x., p. 458.). — Geiffin will find all he inquires after in A Pop upon Pope ; or more readily perhaps by turning to Carruthers' Life of Pope, p. 200. S. P. P. lilBBAEIES IN CONSTAKTINOPLE. — THE LOST WOBKS OF THE ANCIENTS. In the midst of the din of war, and the horrors that are its inevitable attendants, it can scarcely be demanded that much, if any, attention can be given to the exploration of antiquities, or to the research after lost manuscripts — the boast and glory of ancient letters. Still, even when sur- rounded by circumstances so unfavourable, enthu- siastic scholars and antiquaries have been found, in camps and battle-fields, profiting by the events which led them into foreign countries, and seeking to enrich their native land and the world at large with spoils dearer than all the material conquests of the victor. Would not, therefore, the present campaign in the Crimea, and the friendly relations subsisting between England and Turkey, seem to present the long-desired opportunity for English- men to obtain access to places that have long been shut up from them, and that are likely to contain manuscripts and other spoils inherited by the con- querors of the Byzantine empire ? The present Sultan of Turkey is not a man likely to refuse a request of this nature addressed to him on the part of the British government. A firman might be issued to all pachas and governors of cities .nnd provinces requiring them to grant every facility to properly authorised individuals of the British nation for exploring and examining all old build- ings and institutions likely to afford scope for re- search and discovery. In this way, the evils of war may be made eventually productive of good to mankind, by the bringing to light again of some of the long lost treasures oif Greece or Rome ; or, more precious still, of some works of Christian antiquity. The present Prime Minister, Lord Aberdeen, early distinguished himself as an en- lightened cultivator of the fine arts, and more particularly of Grecian art. His countenance would no doubt be given to measures calculated to save from destruction before it is too late any remains of antiquity in the classic lands of the East. Antiquary. FOLK LOEE. Death-bed Superstition. — Whilst residing at the village of Charlcombe, near Bath, in the year 1852, a village well known to the ecclesiologists for its diminutive church, said to be the smallest in England, a curious circumstance came to my knowledge. The parish clerk made application to the clergyman for the loan of the paten belonging to the church. Being asked for what purpose, he said he wanted it to put salt on, and to place it on the breast of a dying person to make him " die easier." Is not this a trace of some old use of " blessed salt " in the mediasval Church ? W. N. T. Caius College, Cambridge. "As big as a parson's barn" is a Dorsetshire measure of magnitude, which happily begins to savour of antiquity, and ought, I think, to be re- corded. C. W. B. Charm for a Wart. — Some fifty years ago, a near relation of mine, then a little girl, was much troubled with warts, of which she had thirty-two on one hand, and two on the other. Accidentally hearing one day from a visitor, of an acquaintance who had been cured by cutting a nick or notch in an elder stick for each wart, touching the wart with the notch, and burying the stick without telling any one of it, she tried the plan, and utterly forgot the circumstance till some weeks after, when an intimate friend of the family asked her how the warts were going on. On looking at 8 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 271. her hand the thirty-two were gone, but the other two, which had not been charmed, were still there. She subsequently tried to get rid of these two in the same manner ; but the charm would seem to have been broken by her telling of it, and they remained where they were. As this circumstance happened In the family of a highly respectable London tradesman, at his country-house in one of the neighbouring villages, it seems to indicate that fifty years ago charms were in use in a class of society in which we should not now expect to find them. The Devonshire charm for a wart is to steal a piece of meat from a butcher's shop, rub it over the wart in secret, and throw it over a wall over your left shoulder. N. J. A. Rhymes on Winter Tempest. — 1. " Winter's thunder, Poor man's death, rich man's hunger." 2. " Winter's thunder, Summer's wonder." What others exist ? R. C. Warde. A muffled Peal on Innocents' Day. — On Inno- cents' Day, hearing the bells of Maisemore Church, in this neighbourhood, ringing a muffled peal, I inquired the reason, and was told by a parishioner that they always ring a muffled peal here on Innocents' Day. Is this peculiar to Maisemore ? C. Y. C. Gloucester, SCHOOL AND COLLEGE FEES IN SCOTLAND EIGHTY TEARS SINCE. Sir James Mackintosh, in his autobiographical sketch published by his son, has affectionately re- corded his early education at Fortrose, where a popular academy then flourished. The following copy of one of his school-bills, which lately fell into my hands, is curious : " Capt. Angus Mackintosh, of the 7\st, for his nephew, James Mackintosh, Dr. £ s. d. 1775, July 15. To school fees from this to July 15, 1777, at 5s. per qr. - - 2 0 0 1776-7. To cock's fight dues for 2 years, 2s. &d. each - - - - - 0 5 0 To cash for a Mair's Introduction, 2s. Od. ; Cajsar's Com., Is. 6d. - - - 0 3 6 To ditto for 3 months' fees at the dancing school, minuet, country-dances, and horn- pipe, &c. - - - - - 0 18 0 To ditto for practisings at ditto - - 0 9 6 To ditto at a public [ball] for himself and partner - - - - -020 To ditto at going to Connage and Inverness [to visit his relations] for 2 years - - 0 4 0 July 15. For answering the school fees, and other accidental demands, for the year com- meacing of this date - • - 1 0 0 £5 2 0" It IS impossible to forbear a smile at the asso- ciation of the cock-fights and minuets with the future amiable and somewhat ponderous philo- sopher ! The scholar's board with a decent householder in Fortrose at this time was twelve pounds per annum. Here is one of the receipts : " Fortrose, 30th Maj^ 1780. " Reed, of Ba. [Bailie] John M<=Intosh, on account of board wages for Ja. M<=Intosh, son to Capt. John Mack- intosh, of the 73rd regiment, from Nov. 15th, 1779, to May 15th, 1780, day and date as above, the sum of &L St. Pr. Alex.-Man." In the autumn of 1780 James Mackintosh left the academy at Fortrose, and proceeded to Aber- deen College, the sum of twenty shillings being paid for his proportion of the chaise hire from' Inverness to Aberdeen. At college his expenses were, of course, greatly increased, and some of his relatives hinted at " prodigality," a charge which he strenuously denied. The following affords some data for forming a conclusion on this point; "Note of Expenses laid out on Jamie Mackintosh, from 30th May, 1780. £ s. d. Cash at different times from that date to 5th Julv, 1781 - - - - 34 8 0 Cash froni 31st October, 1781, to 16th April, 1782 - - - - - 29 14 0 Cash from 10th June, 1782, to June, 1783 - 37 1 0 Cash for clothes and other advances, from 15th September, 1780, to July, 1782 - 26 0 0 Cash for clothes and other advances for James from July, 1782, to October, 1783 - - 27 10 0 £154 8 0" Many of the students at Aberdeen College lived, and many still live, at less cost ; but James Mackintosh was of the higher class of the youth attending the university. He was the son of an officer in the army, the heir to a small Highland estate (then valued at about WOl. per annum, and which he afterwards sold), and he was of social tastes and habits, as well as a great reader and collector. His future career is well known, — a career honourable alike to his great talents, his genuine benevolence, and simple dignity of cha- racter. R. Carruthers. A Russian and an English Regiment. — The courage of an English army is the sum total of the courage which the individual soldiers bring with them to it, rather than of that which they derive from it. When I was at Naples, a Russian and an English regiment were drawn up together in the same square: — "See," said a Neapolitan to me, who had mistaken me for one of his coun- trymen, " there is but one face in that whole regiment ; while in that (pointing to the English), every soldier has a face of his own." Coleridge's Friend (J. M. O.) Jan. 6. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. Epitaph on Richard Adlam. — In the romantic village church of Kings Teignton, Devon, there is a tomb to the memory of Richard Adlam, whose epitaph, besides being a singular specimen of the style of the period, is so remarkable for the coinci- dence of the first line with Dr. Young's celebrated apostrophe to Death (Night Third) — " Insatiate archer ! could not one siifiice ? " — that we might almost think he must have seen and had it in hS mind when Jie wrote it. It is as fol- lows: " Richardus Adlam hujus ecclesise Vicarius, obit Feb. 10, 1670, Apostrophe ad Mortem : "Damn'd tyrant! can't profaner blood suffice? Must priests that offer be the sacrifice ? Go tell the genii that in Hades lye, Thy triumphs o'er this sacred Calvary, Till some just Nemesis avenge our cause And force this kill-priest to revere good laws ! " GUMELMUS. Dalston. Earthenwai'e Vessels found at St. Mary's Col- legiate Church, Youghal, Ireland. — In the pro- gress of the restoration of the choir of this church during the autumn of this year, 1854, vases similar to those found at Fountains Abbey (Vol. x., p. 386.), and at St. Peter's Man)/> o ^tvyiav zeal iraXi-v fiaxT^c^Tai,'" B. H. C. This was already looked upon as an old saying in the days of TertuUian, who, in his book De Fuga in Persecutions, writes of it thus : " Sed omissis quidam divinis exhortationibus, ilium magis Graecum versiculum secularis sententise sibi ad- hibent — ' Qui fugiebat, rursus praeliabitur,' — at et rursus forsitan fugiat." — Cap. x. The " Greek verse" here spoken of by TertuUian is deemed by one of his annotators, Rhenan, to have been the following : " 'Ai'rjp 6 ^evywv koX ttolKiv fj.o-X'j'TeTa.L," and made either by or for Demosthenes as his best answer for having left his shield behind him, and run away at the battle of ChiBroaea. D. Rock. Newick, Sussex. . Mengrave Church (Vol. x., p. 405.). — If such an act as referred to ever received the royal assent, it would doubtless be found amongst the private acts in the Parliament Office. . G. Parish Registers (Vol. x., p. 337.). — Me. Blencowe's communication under this title has rather astonished me, as he appears to have com- pletely confounded parish registers and church- wardens' accounts. One only of his extracts ap- pears to be from a parish register, etractly so called. The extracts at the beginnirig of his note appear to be from books belonging to the parish of Braintree, but this is not distinctly stated. As- suming that I am correct in this supposition, may I ask why chronological order was not observed, instead of placing 1580 before 23 Hen. VIU., and J574 after both ? The " almanvyvets," which he conjectures may mean German music-books, should no doubt be almanryvets, a name given to a light kind of armour, because it was rivetted after the old Almayne fashion. (Minshew ; Test, Vet., 622. ; Sharp's Coventry Mysteries, 195.; HoUinshed, Hist. Ireland, 56. ; Fairholt on Costume.) The notion that the parish paid for discharging a " Popish priest " out of the ecclesiastical court in 1585, nearly thirteen years after the accession of Queen Elizabeth, is rather amusing ; but what can be said respecting the supposition that ninety- four quarts of wine were consumed in one year for the communion in a town with a population of about 2000? As Me. Blencowe is evidently aware that Whitsun ales, and similar drinkings, were customary at the period, is it not highly pro- bable that a large portion of this wine was so used ? The extracts from the corporation accounts of Saffron Walden do not appear to me very apropos of the subject-matter of Mb. Blencowe's Note. Thompson Cooper. Cambridge. Salutation after Sneezing (Vol. x., p. 421.). — While proceeding in a public vehicle from Bo- logna to Milan in the year 1847, I happened to sneeze, when a lady who sat near me called aloud ""felicita" which attracted the notice of the other passengers. Having been aware of the importance attached to the omen, nothing farther occurred than the whole passing over among us with a good- natured smile. In Scotland some attention is yet paid to it. As I have long understood, to sneeze once is considered lucky ; twice in succession un- lucky. G. N. Dictionary of Living Authors (Vol. x., p. 451.). — Catalogue of five hundred celebrated Authors, SfC. 8vo., 1788. In the copy now before me is this note : " A meagre and incorrect work, which we mention here as chart-makers notice shoals to be avoided." — H. Home, Int. to Bibliography, vol. ii. p. 422. My apology is due to the readers of " N. & Q." if, as appears probable, I have committed an error in attributing the compilation of this useful work to the late William Upcott. My authority for doing so, which might have been given at the time to temper the assertion, was, simply, that in the fly-leaf of my copy was written by a former possessor, "By the late William Upcott," and that I had more than once seen the same state- ment made in booksellers' catalogues ; for instance, in that I believe of Mr. John Gray Bell. The opinion of Mr. Coenet, that this work is the joint compilation of John Watkins and Fre- deric Shoberl, has every appearance of being the 18 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 271. more correct ; and perhaps that gentleman may now, in accordance with his promise, favour us with the " authority " upon which he expressed it. William Bates. Birmingham. King James Brass Money (Vol. x., p. 385.). — I subjoin a list of the gun-money coinage, com- piled partly from books, but mostly from my own and such other collections as I have had access to. The authorities are very conflicting, and I should be glad of any corrections, if there are any re- quired, as I had a design (not entirely laid aside) of publishing the complete series of the copper coinage of England, with all the varieties, colonial types, &c., including the leaden mixed metal spe- cimens, &c., temp. Charles II., James II., and William and Mary : 1689. Sixpence. June, July, August, Sep- tember, 7ber, November, December ; none of October. 1689. Shilling. June, July, August, Septem- ber, October, 8ber, November, 9ber; ditto, with a castle under king's head ; December, lOr. 1689. Hal/crown. July, August ; ditto, with date under the crown ; September, October, 8ber, November, December ; none of June. 1690. Sixpence. January, February, and a unique one of May in the Dean of Lismore's col- lection. 1690, Shilling. January, February, March, ditto smaller size ; April, ditto smaller size ; May, June, August, September ; none of July or Oc- tober known. 1690. Halfcrown. January, February ; March, ditto smaller size ; April, ditto smaller size ; May, ditto smaller size ; June, July, August, October ; none of September. 1690. Crown. Only one type. E. S. Tatlob. Ormesby St. Margaret, Norfolk. This extraordinary monthly coinage appears to be little known in England, though there is a tolerable account of it in Simon's Essay on Irish Coins, and in Ruding's Annals of the Coinage. Simon says, " some of these coins, for every month from June, 1689, to April, 1690, inclusive, are in the hands of the curious." For the information of your correspondent J. R, G., I have in my possession King James brass money from January, 1689, to May, 1690, inclusive ; and if this last of this infamous monthly issue would assist or satisfy J. R. G., I will inclose it to a friend in Dublin for his inspection. F. J. W. Greenwich. Of these pieces the British Museum possesses eight varieties of the twelve dated May 1690, three of June, one of July, one of August, and one of September ; of the six 1690, it possessed two of May, and one of June. Edward Hawkins. English Proverbs (Vol. x., p. 389.). — In your list of the collections of English proverbs, with parallels from other European languages, you have omitted one which ought not to be passed over. The following is the title : National Pro^ verbs in the principal Languages of Europe, by Caroline Ward : London, J. W. Parker, 1842. 'AA.tet5y. Dublin. Genoa Register (Vol. x., p. 393.). — Your cor- respondent has somewhat misunderstood my Query. I wish to know how a Genoa register (of 1790) may be procured. D. Pulpit Hour-glasses (Vol. ix., p. 252.). — The earliest reference to the pulpit glass known to me occurs in the churchwardens' accounts of St. Helen's, Abingdon ; where, under date mdxci, is the following : " Payde for an houre-glasse for the pulpitt, Ad." Charles Reed. Paternoster Row. Brasses of Notaries (Vol. x., pp. 165. 474.). — I think that Mr. Manning must have been mis- taken in supposing the brass of the notary, c. 1475, in the church of St. Mary Tower, Ipswich, to have been stolen, as it has no appearance of ever having been removed from its matrix; it may possibly, however, have been for a time concealed under a pew, as has been the case with another brass in that church, described in Manning's List as " A man and his wife," but which should have been "A man and his two wives, c. 1510." This was discovered in March, 1853, on the removal of the pews in the chancel. W. T. T. Ipswich. Milton's Widow (Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134., &c.).— In Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. ii. p. 534., art. No. 6. on Dr. Zachary Grey, it is stated : " He (Dr. Grey) had one brother George, born in 1610, a Chamber-counsellor at Newcastle." To this is appended a note : " I have a number of this gentleman's MS. letters to Dr. Grey, &c. The following little circumstance, in a letter dated July 30, 1731, may be worth preserving : « ' I had a letter lately from aunt Milton, who is very well, and lives at Namptwich. There were three widow Miltons there, viz. the poet's widow, my aunt, and another. The poet's widow died last summer.' " This note may be of use to some of your corre- spondents. 0. DE D. Tallies (Vol. x., p. 485.).— The use of tallies in this locality is now, I think, confined to the dyers, who regularly furnbh their small tally of Jan. 6. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 19 wood to each customer having articles to be dyed ; and without the reproduction of which, the goods in question are on no account given up. The practice exists too, to some extent, among the small bakers of Plymouth, more particularly among those who have a large dinner-baking trade. This system prevails in consequence of the numerous frauds practised upon the bakers by parties apply- ing for dinners who had never sent them to_ be baked, and who thus enjoyed a cheap " tuck-in," to the mortification and loss of the rightful owners. T. Hughes. Chester. Tallies are still used by small shopkeepers in some of the villages in Warwickshire. They are occasionally produced in the small debt courts. D. Leamington. The Divining Rod, Table- turning, 8fc. (Vol. x., p. 467.). — As Mr. Bates appears to be unac- quainted with the communications of Professor Chevreul (author of the remarkable work on the harmony of colours, lately translated into English) to the Journal des Savants on the " Divining Kod " (la Baguette Bivinatoire), will you permit me to refer him to that journal, in which he will find a series of eight articles by Professor Chevreul. The concluding communication is in the number for July of the present year. John Macbat. Oxford. KOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. In the Biographical Catalogue of the principal Italian Painters, with a Table of the Cotemporary Schools of Italy, designed as a Hand-book to the Picture Gallery, by a Lady, edited by R. N. Worrum, we are furnished with a short but comprehensive sketch of the life and works of each artist ; embracing the leading characteristics which dis- tinguish them, and an enumeration of their principal works. The accompanying Synchronoxis Table of the principal Masters of the Italian Schools of Painting from the Thirteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries inclusive, adds to the great utility of this unpretending little volume, and will make the lover of Art rejoice in the writer's hope of proceeding with similar Catalogues of the artists of other countries. The favour with which the volumes of the late Henry Gunning's Reminiscences of the University, Town, and County of Cambridge, were received, not only by Uni- versity men, but also by the general public and the press, speedily exhausted the first edition. A second, somewhat enlarged, and yet cheaper edition, has now appeared ; and will no doubt soon find its way into the hands of all who like to hear an old man gossip of the old times in which he lived, and the well-known men with whom he associated. The interest we take in every endeavour to make more popular, and more generally known, the writings of the Father of English Poetry, would alone dispose us to speak well of Mr. Bell's edition of The Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, of which the First and Second Yolumes are now before us. But Mr. Bell, who has adopted as his text the Harleian MS. of the Canterbury Tales, from which Mr. Wright printed his version, has the merit of illustrating his author by a mass of Notes which will go far to make him as popular and well understood as he deserves to be. Why, however, does he omit that useful, though slight addition — numbering the lines of the poem? Whilst on the subject of old poetry, let us mention that we have received from Messrs. Williams & Norgate the First Part of a collection of the pseudo-Shakspeariaa Dramas, edited by Dr. Delius, whose familiarity with our language and Elizabethan literature is remarkable — especially in one not to the manner born. His edition of Edward the Third, an Historical Play, has but one defect ; being intended for readers of English, its Introduction should have been in the English language. We have before us two or three books of amusement, which we must perforce dismiss in a few words. First let us mention as of deep interest, and, we may add, of much instruction as a picture of the times, Florine, a Tale of iht First Crusade, by B. W. MacCabe. As we have no doubt every incident it contains, however startling, has its counterpart in some cotemporary chronicle, we wish the learned and able writer had added to the value and use of his book by a few references to his authority. — The Mouse and her Friends is a fresh contribution to our nursery literature from German sources, for which the " spelling " public are indebted to an old friend, John Edward T&y\or.— Mother and Son, the first of a new series of Tales for the Young Men and Women of England, will make all who read it look out anxiously for the re- mainder of the series. We have good news for all our friends who have li- braries ; Messrs. Letts, whose calendars and diaries are in everybody's hands and everybody's pockets, have pub- lished a form of Catalogue of the Library of , which must before long be on everybody's library table. It is so constructed that one may see at a glance the shelf or mark, author, editor or translator, title, edition, vols., size, date, place and publisher, cost, remarks ; and what to the good-natured is a column of no small moment, when and to whom lent, Sfc. It mav be useful to such of our readers as have au- thority 'to consult the Documents in the State Paper Office, to be informed that, by a recent regulation, that office is now open every day in the week between the hours of ten and three o'clock. Mr. Lilly announces for early publication, in two vo- lumes octavo, The Life of Bishop Fisher, by the Rev. J. Lewis, author of the Life of Wickliff, with an Appendix of Illustrative Documents, and an Introduction by the late Mr. Hudson Turner. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTID TO FURCHASK. Miss Stbickland's Lith o» thb Qunvt o» Ewolakd. Vol. H. of 12 Vol. Edition. Inooldsbv Lboends. Vol. I. First Edition. SociBTT OF Arts' Journal. No. 39. Vol. I., andNoi. 52. 54. k 55. Vol. II. Th» Etert Mam's MAOAiiKa for 1770 and 1771. •»• Letters, statins partieulari and lowest price, carriage free, to hfi sent to Mr. Beu., PubUsher of "NOTES AND tiUEKIES." 186. Fleet Street. Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad- dresses are given tor that purpose : Wbaib's QnARTKRi.T Faphrs ok ARCHiTBcrnRB. Part 1. Cavblsh's Gothic Arcritbctorb. Part 3. Puoin's Examples op Gothic Abchitectubh. Parts 3 9t 4 of Vol. I. Weale. Wanted by John Hebb, 9. Laurence-Fountner Lane* 80 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 271. HsKSTmi's PRESCRT'A'rrrBi aoaimst Tire Plagcs. 4t(i. 1665. Sikott's Chroniclb op Bnoland. Vol. II. 4to. 1778. Sbakspiarb's Plats. Vol.11. 8vo. Printed by Bensley, 1809. Wanted by R. Thorhum, 2. Carthusian Street. Pbpts's Diary. Vol. IV. BoossEAo's Works. Vols. I. VI. VII. VIH. 12mo. London, 1705i To«KSHiRB Costume. 1814. Wanted by Captain TurtOn, 5th Dragoon Guards, Royal Barracks, Dublin. AicKiLiDM BcctEstAJTicoBDSc POST Bakonium, auctorc Abr. Bzovlo. TomueXV. Colon. Agr. About 1620. Wanted by Sev. Dr. Todd, Librarian of Trinity College, Dublin. Catsmdisb Societt Publicatiokis. a set. Wanted by Wm. Blackwood Sf Sons, Edinburgh. If we are right in supposing that " N. & Q." is found to be of use to literary men and lovers of literature, and that such use is commensurate icilh the extent to which its existence is known. We shall be readily ex- cused for 7-epui)Kshing, with a few alterations, the following ponragraph, written at the close of our first year : " It is obvious that the use of a paper like ' Notes and Qcebies ' bears a direct proportion to the extent of its circulation. What it aims at doing is, to reach the learning which lies scattered not only throughout every part of our own country, bu', all over the literary world, and to bring it all to bear upon the pursuits of the scholar; to enable, in short, men of letters all over the world to give a helping hand to one another. To a certain extent we have accomplished this end. Our later Numbers contain communications not only from all parts of the metropolis, and from almost every county in England, Scotland, and Ireland, but from almost every quarter of the globe. This looks well. It seems as if we were in a fair way to accomplish our design. But much yet remains to be done. We have recently been told of whole districts in England so benighted as never to have heard of ' Notes akd Qderibs j • and after an interesting question has been discussed for weeks in onr columns, we are informed of some one who could have answereii it im- mediately if he had seen it. So lonsr as this is the case, the advantage we may confer upon literature and literary men is necessarily imperfect. We do what we can to make known our existence through the customary modes of announcement, and we grateful I y acknowledge the kind assist* «nce and encouragement we derive from our brethren of the publio press ; but we would respectfully solicit the assistance of our friends upon thia particular point. Onr purpose is aided, and our usefulness increased by every introduction which can be given to our paper, cither to a Book Club, to a Lending Library, or to any other channel of cir- culation amongst persons of inquiry and intelligence. By such intro- ductions scholars help themselves ab well as us, for there is no inquirer throughout the kingdom who is not occasionally able to throw light upon some of the multifarious objects which are discussed in our pages." QojEstob, who asks respecting History is Philosophy teaching by ex- ample, is referred to " N. & Q., Vol. v., p. 426. W. T. L. 7s it not an early form of Pope Joan board f 3. W. A. B. will find a very interesting Note on " The Modest Water saw its God and blush'd " in Vol. vi.,p. 368. -See also Vol. viii., p. 242. Index to Volume the Tenth is in the hands of the Printer, andtoill be issued at latest with the Number of Saturday the 20th. Full price will be gioen for clean copies of" Notes and QnEBtES " Qf \st January, 1853, No. 166, upon application to Mr. Bell, the Publisher. A few completesets of" Notes and Qdebies," Vols. i. to ix.,pricefour guineas and a half, may now be had. For these, early application is desirable. "Notes and Qoeries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday. "Notes AND Queries" is also issued in Monthly Parts,/or theconi- venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the tm- stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While partia resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of recewtng the- weekly Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of Notes and Queries" (including a vert/ copious Index) is eleven shillings and four- pence for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn t» favour of the Publisher, Mr. Gborob Bell, No. 186. Fleet Street. Just published. PRACTICAL PHOTOGRA- PHY on GLASS and PAPER, a Manual containing simple directions for the production of PORTKAITS and VIEWS by the agency of Light, ii.cluding the COLLODION, AL- BUMEN, WAXED PAPER and POSITIVE PAPER Processes, by CHARLES A. LONG. Price Is. ; per Post, Is. 6d. Published by BLAND & LONG, Opticians, philosophical and Photographical Instru- ment Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London. COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton i cer- tainty and uniformity of action over a length- ened period, combined with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent in the hands of the pho- tographer. Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de- tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire. Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the Processes. BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra- phical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London. The Pneumatic Plate-holder for Collodion Plates. *»* Catalogues sent on application. THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im- proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ART. - MESSR.«. KNIGHT & SONS respect- fully inform Artists, Amateurs, and the Pro- fession, that tv-ev are the Sole Agents for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S Photosrapliic Lenses for Portraits and Views. The different sizes can be seen at their Establishment, where they have every convenience for testing their powers. The Photographic Department of their Establishment comprises every useful improvement in this interesting Art. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. PURE CHEMICAL PREPAR- ATIONS requisite in the v rious Pro- cesses of the Photographic Art, manufactured and sold by GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, who having considerably reduced the price of many of their preparations, will have plea- sure in forwarding their new List on appli- cation. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Ijindscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather- stone Buildings. Holbom ; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu- factory as above, where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied. PHOTOGRAPHY. — HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds. ac<«rding to liglit. Portraits obtained by the above, ibr delicacy of detail, rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Esta- blishment. Also every description of Apparatus, Che- micals, &c. &c. need in this beautiful Art.— 123. aud 121. Newgate Street. Now ready, in fancy boards, illustrated, price Is. nPALES FOR THE YOUNG 1 MEN AND WOMEN OF ENGLAND. Part I., containing " MOTHER AND SON." Published January 1st. "To make boys learn to read, and then to place no good books within their reach, is to give them an appetite, and leave nothing in the pantry save unwholesome and poisonous food, which, depend upon it, they will eat rather than starve." — »S'ir ir. .ScoM. The want of not only useful but entertainine reading, such as young people will read, it is hoped will be supplied by this proposed series ; and while it will be borne in mind that the chief end and aim is to inculcate a right spirit and good and generous feelings, incident and even romance will not be forgotten, in order that the reader may be led gently on to read more and more, and imbibe good princudes, and a reverence for things true and holy, instead of the infldelity and unohristian teach- ing which is too often the intent of many books now in circulation. „„_ They will be issued in ILLUSTRATED SHILLING MONTHLY PARTS, in the sanje form as tne Series of PAROCHIAL TRAC fS. Subscribers' Names received by all Book- sellers. JOHN HENRY PARKER. Oxford, and 377. Strand, London. Just published. Second Edition. Price Is. Post Is. 6d. by THE COLLODION PROCESS. By T. H. HENNAH. Also, Price Is., by Post Is. 6d. THE WAXED-PAPER PRO- CESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY (Translated from the French). To this has been adrted a New Modificaion of the Process, by wliich the Time of Exposure in the Camera is i educed to one -fourth, hy JAMES HOW, Assistant In the Philosophical Establishment of the Pub- lishers. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. Jan. 6. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 50,000 CTTHES WITHOUT MEDICINE. DU BARRYS DELICIOUS REVALENTA AKABICA FOOD CURES iiuiigestion idyapepsia), constipation and diarrhoea, dysentery, nervousness, bilious- ness and liver complaints, flatulency, disten- sion, acidity, heartburn, palpitation of the heart, nervous headache., deafness, noises in the head apd ears, pains in almost every part of the body, tic douloureux, fuceoehe, chronic inflammation, cancer and ulceration of the ■tomach, pains at the pit. of the stomach and between the shoulders, erysipelas, ertiptions of the skin, boils and carbuncles, impurities and poverty of the blood, scrofula, ci ueh, asthma, consumption, dropsy, rheumatism, gout, nausea and sickness during pregnancy, after eating, or at sea, low spirits, spasms, craihps, epileptic fits, spleen, general debility, inquie- tude, sleeplessness, involuntary blushing, pa- ralysis, tremors, dislike to soiiety, unfitness for study, loss of memory, delusions, vertigo, blood to the head, exhaustirn, melancholy, ground- less fear, indecision, wretchedness, thoughts of self-destruction, and many other complaints. It is, moreover, the best food for inffuts and invalids generally, as it never turns odd on the weakest stomach, nor inter'eres with a good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion, and nervous and muscularenergy to the most enfeebled. In whooping cough, measles, sraall-pox, and chicken or wind pox, it renders all medicine superfluous by re- moving all inflammatory and feverish symp- toms. Important CAmioN against the fearful dangers of spuri'us imitations : — The Yice- Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an Injunction on March 10. 1H.'>4. against Alfred Hooper Nevill. for imitating "Du Barry's Kevalenta Arabiea Food." BARRY, DU BARRY, & CO., 77. Regent Street, London. A few out o/ 50,000 Cures: Cure No. 71.. of dyspepsia, from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies : — "I have derived considerable benefit from Du Barry's Rev lent a Arabiea Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines." — Stoart de Decies. Cure No. 180 : — "Twenty-five years' ner- vousness, constipation, indigestion, and de- bility, from which I have suffer' d great misery, and which no medicine could remove or re- lieve, have been effectually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very short time." — W. R. Reeves, Pool Anthony, Tiverton. Cure No. 49,«32 :_" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dysnepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipatioi , flatulency, spasms, sick- ness at the stomach and vomiting, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent food." — Maria Joily, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk. No. 4208. " Eight years' dyspepsia, nervous- ness, debility with cramps, spasms, and nausea, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's health-restoring food. I shall be huppy to answer any inquiries," Rev. .John W. Fla- vei.i.. Ridliiigton Rectory, Norfolk. — No. 81. " Twenty years' liver complaint, with dis- orders of the stomach, bowels, and nerve«," Andrew Phaser, Haddington. No. 32,R36. " Three years' excessive nervous- ness, with pains in my neck and left arm, and general debility, which rendtred my life very miserable, have been radically removed by Du Barry's htalth-restorin" food."— Ajlexandeh Stoart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skiberten. No. 58.034. Grammar School. Stevenage, Dec. 16, 1850 : " Gentlf men. We have found it admirably adapted for infants. Our baby has never once had disordered bowels since taking it." — R, Ambler. In canisters, suitably packed for all cli- mates, and with full instructions — lib., is. 9d. :21b.. 4s. 6d. ; 5lb., lis. ; 121b.,22«. ; super- refined, lib., 6s. ; 2lb.. Us. i 51b , 22s. ; lOlb., 33s. The 101b. and 121b. carriage free, en post- office order. Barry, Du Barry, & Co., 77. Regent Street, London; Fortnum, Mason, & Co , purveyors to Her Majestv, Piccdilly : also at 60. Gracechurch Street : 330. Strand ; of Barclay, Eriwiirds, Sutton, Sanger, Hannay, Newberry, , nd may be ordered through all re- •pectable Booksellers, Grocers, and Chemists. WESTERN LIFE ASSU- RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, i. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. Founded A.D. 1842. Directors, H. E. BicknelliEsq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. G. H. Drew, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller. Esq. J. H. Uoodhart, Esq. T. Orissell, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. A. I>ethbridge,EBq. E. liUcas, Esq. J. Lys Seajter, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq. Trustees, W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. j George Drew, Eiq. T. Grisscll, Esq. Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D. Bankers Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. POLICIES effected in this Office do not be- come void through temporary difflculty in pay- ing a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Pro- spectus. Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100^, with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits : Age 17 - £ s, d. Age £ s. d. - 1 14 4 32- - 2 10 8 - 1 18 8 »?- - 2 18 6 - 2 4 5 42- ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. Now ready, price 10s. 6rf., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN- VESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SO- CIETIP;S, and on the (ieneral Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, *c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Com- pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR- THUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A., Actuary to the Western Lite Assuiance Society, 3. Parlia- ment Street, Loudon. ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED I\ CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMAirrEAUS,TRAVELLINQ-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re- quisites, Gratis on application, or sent tree by Post on receipt of Two Stamps. MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch- box and Writing-desk, their 'Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new Portmanteau containing four compart- ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced. J. W. & T. ALLEN. 18. & 22. West Strand. BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX- HIBITION. No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANU- FACTORY. B.^ CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent l^evers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate (ieneva Levers, in (iold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Diito, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior I.*ver. with Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 sruineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its peiNrmance guaranteed. Barometers, 22., 32., and 4<. Ther- mometers from Is. each. BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance , the Admiralty, and the V^ueen , 65. CHEAPSIDE. THE LONDON ASSURANCE, INCORPORATED A.D. 1720. FOR LIFE, FIRE. AND MARINE ASSURANCES. Head Office, 7. Royal Exchange, Comhill. EDWARD BURMESTER, ESQ., GoTemor. JOHN ALVES ARBUTHNOT, ESQ., Sub- Governor. SAMUEL GREGSON, ESQ., MJ>., Deputr- Governor. Directors. Nath. Alexander, Esq. R. Baggallay, Esq. G. Barnes, Esq. H. Bonham Bax, Esq. James Blyth, Esq. J. W. Borradaile. Esq. Chas. Crawley, Esq. W.Dallas, Esq. B. Dobree, Jun.. Esq. H. G Gordon, Esq. Edwin Gower, Esq. J. Alex. Hankey.Eaq. E. Hamage, Esq. Louis Hu h, Esq. William King, Esq. Charles Lyall, Esq. John Ord, Esq. David Powell, Esq. G. Probyn.Esq. P. F. Robertson, M.P. Alex. Trotter. Esq. Thos. Weeding, E^q. Lest. P. Wilson, Esq. JiQwin uower, Esq. David C. Guthrie, Esq . Actuary, PETER HARDY, ESQ., F.R.S. WEST END OFFICE, No. 7. PALL MALL. Committee. Two Members of the Court in rotation, and HENRY KINGSCOTE, ESQ.. and JOHN TIDD PRATT, ESQ. Superintendent, PHILIP SCOONES, ESQ. LIFE DEPARTMENT. THIS CORPORATION has granted As- surances on Lives for a Period exceeding One Hundred and Thirty Years, having issued its first Policy on the 7th June, 1721. Two-thirds, or 66 per cent, of the entire vtv- fits, are given to the Assured. Policies may be opened under either of the following plans, viz. At a low rate of premium, without partici- pation in profits, or at a somewhat higher rate, enMtling the Assured, either after the first five years, to an annual abatement of premium for the remainder of life, or, after payment of the first premium to a participation in the ensuing quinquennial Bonus. The abatement for the year 1855 on the Annual Premiums of \ ersons who have been assured under Series " 1831 " tor five years or longer, is upwards of 33 per cent. The high character which this ancient Cor- poration has maintained during nearly a Century and a Half, secures to the public a full and faithful declaration of profits. The Corporation bears the whole Expenses OF Management, thus giving to the Assured, in consequence of the protection afforded by- its Corporate Fund, advantages equal to those of any system ol Mutual Assurance. Premiums may be paid Yearly, Half-yearly, or Quarterly. All Policies are issued free from Stamp Duty, or from charge of any description whatever, beyond the Premium . The attention of the Public is especially called to the tfreat advantages offered to Ij^ Assurers by the Legislature in its recent Enactments, by which it will be found that, to a defined extent. Life Premiums are not stjt- Ject to Income Tax. The Fees of Medical Referees are paid by the Corp .ration. A Policy may be effected for as small a stmi as 201., and progressively increased up to SW., without the necessity of a new Policy. Every facility will be given for the transfer or exchange of Policies, or any other suitable arrangement will be mdde for the convenience of the Assured. Prospectuses and all other information may be obtained by eitlier a written or personal application to the Actuary, or to the Superin- tendent of tlie West End Office. JOHN LAURENCE, Secretary. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 271. MR. MURRAVS LIST OF NEW BOOKS. Albbmarlb Strbbt, January^ 1855. AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S IMPRESSIONS OF MANNERS AKD SOCIETY IN RUSSIA, DURING A TEN YEARS' RESIDENCE. Woodcuts. Post tro. \0s. Gd. HISTORICAL MEMORIALS OF CANTERBURY. THE LANDING OF AUGUSTINE -THE MURDER OF BECKET — BECKET'S SHRINE- THE BLACK PRINCE. By REV. A. P. STANLEY, M.A., Canon of Canterbury. Wood- cuts. 8vo. 7». Gd. HANDBOOK FOR YOUNG PAINTERS. By C. R. LESLIE, B.A. Illustrations. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. THE CRIMEA AND ODESSA ; their CLIMATE and Re- sources : described from Personal Knowledge. By PROFESSOR KOCH. Post 8vo. (Next Week.) GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE. THE UNMUTILATED TEXT, COLLATED AND VERIFIED. Edited, with Notes, by DR. WM. SMITH. Portrait and Maps. Vol. VI. 8vo. 7s- Gd. ("Murray's British Classics.") JOHNSON'S LIVES OF THE ENGLISH POETS. Edited, with Notes, by PETER CUNNINGHAM, F.S.A. 3 Vols. 8vo. 22s. 6d. (" Murray's British Classics.") KNOWLEDGE IS POWER : a View of the Productive Forces of Modern Society, and the Results of Labour, Capital, and Skill. By CHARLES KNIGHT. "Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6ci. THE ART OF TRAVEL ; or, HINTS on the SHIFTS and CON- TRIVANCES available in WILD COUNTRIES. By FRANCIS GALTON. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 6s. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH POOR LAW : in connexion with the Condition of the People. By SIR GEORGE NICHOLLS, K.C.B. 2 Vols. 8vo. 28s. ATHENS AND ATTICA. By REV. C. WORDSVf ORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster. Third Edition. Woodcuts. Crown 8 vo. &s.6d. BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF ITALIAN PAINTERS. With a TABLE of the COTEMPORARY SCHOOLS of ITALY. Edited by RALPH N. ■WORNUM. With Chart. Post8vo. 6s. 6d. THE MONASTERY AND THE MOUNTAIN CHURCH: a Story Book for Children. By Author of " Sunlight through the Mist." Woodcuts. 16mo. 6s. THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE MECHANICAL INVENTIONS OF JAMES WATT. With Introductory Memoir. By JAS. P. MUIR- HEAD, M.A. With Portrait and Plates. 3 Vols. 8vo., 45s. ; or Large Paper, 4to., 84s. LORD HERVEY'S MEMOIRS OF THE REIGN OF GEORGE IL Edited by MR. CROKER. Second and Cheaper Edition. Portrait. 2 Vols. 8vo. 21s. MURRAY'S OFFICIAL HANDBOOK; AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE PRINCIPAL AUTHORITIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. An entirely New Edition. PostSvo. 6s. HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. With Criticisms and Biographical Notices. By GEORGE TICKNOR. Second and Cheaper Edition. 3 Vols. 8vo. 34s. NOTES FROM LIFE. By HENRY TAYLOR. Fourth Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. (" Murray's Railway Reading.") POLYNESIAN MYTHOLOGY, AND TRADITIONS OF THE ITEW ZEALAND RACE. By SIR GEORGE GREY, late Governor of New Zealand. "Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. (Next Week.) A TREATISE ON THE SCIENCE OF GUNNERY. By SIR HOWARD DOUGLAS. Fourth and entirely revised Edition. Plates. 8vo. 21s. THE LION HUNTER OF SOUTH AFRICA. By R. GORDON CUMMING. Fourth and Cheaper Edition. Woodcuts. 2 Vols. Post 8vo. 12s. REJECTED ADDRESSES. By JAMES and HORACE SMITH. A New Edition, with Author's latest Corrections. Fcap. 8vo. Is. (" Murray's Railway Reading.") HUNGARY AND TRANSYLVANIA. With Remarks on their Social, Political, and Economical Condition. By .TOHN PAGET. Third and Cheaper Edition. Woodcuts. 2 Vols. 8V0. 18s. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. HISTORY OF ENGLAND. pLARENDON'S (EDW. Earl V / of) HISTORY OF THE REBELLION AND CIVIL WARS IN ENGLAND, to- gether with an Historical View of the Affairs of Ireland. A New Edition, from the original MS., with the Notes of Bishoo Warburtou. 7 Vols. 8V0., cloth lettered, 21. 10s. CARTE'S LIFE OF JAMES, DUKE OF ORMOND; containing an ac- count of the most remarkable affairs of his time, and particularly of Ireland under his government. A New Edition, carefully com- pared with the original MSS. 6 Vols. 8vo., cloth lettered, 21. 6s. MAY'S HISTORY OF THE PART,IAMENT OF ENGLAND, which be- gan November 3, 1610 ; with a Short and Ne- cessary View of some precedent Years. A New Edition. 8vo., cloth lettered, 5s. Gd. SPRIGG'S ANGLIA REDI- VTVA ; ENGLAND'S RECOVERY : being the History of the Motions, Actions, and Suc- cesses rf ihe Army under the immediite con- duct of his Excellency Sir Thomas FairfaT, Kt., Captain-General of all the Parliament's Forces in England. A New Edition. 8vo., cloth lettered, 6s. WHITELOCKES MEMO- RIALS OF ENGLISH AFFAIRS from 16?5 to 1660. A New Edition. 4 Vols. 8vo., cloth lettered, U. 10s. Oxford : At the UNIVERSITY PRESS. SoM by J. H. PARKER, Oxforrl, and 377. Strand, London ; and GARDNER, 7. Pa- ternoster Row. Books Edited by the late MARTIN JOSEPH ROUTH, D.D. President of Magdalen College, Oxford. Platonis Euthydemus et Gorgias, Gr. et Lat., recensuit, vertit, notisque snis illustravit. 8vo. boards, 5s. 1784 Reliquiae Sacrse secundi tertiique saeculi. 1814—18 Editio altera. Tomi V. 1846—48. 8vo. boards, 22. Us. Scriptorum Eccleslasticorum Opus- cula. 1832 Editio altera. Tomi II. 1841. 8vo. boards, 193. Burnet's (Bp.) History of His Own Time, with the suppressed Passages and Notes. 1823 A New Edition, 6 vols. 8vo. bds., 21. 10s. 1833 History of the Reign of King James the Second. Notes by the Earl of D-ivtmouth, Speaker Onslow, and Dean .Swift. Additional Observations now en- larged. 8vo. boards, 9s. Gd. 1852 Tres breves Tractatus. 8vo. 185.'J Oxford I At the UNIVERSITY PRESS. Bold by J. H. PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London ; and GARDNER, ?. Pater- noster Row. J>rinted by Thomai Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London ; and published by Gkohoe Bei.i„ of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Pariih of St. Dunstan in the West, in the. City of London, PablithCT, »t No. 186. Flett Street aforesaid Saturday, January 6, 1855. NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION roE LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. •' 'Wlien foand, make a note of." — Captain Cuitlk. No. 272.] Saturday, January 13. 1855. f Price Fonrpeiice. Stamped Hdilion, fd. CONTENTS. Page Capital Punishments in Henry VIII. 's Reisn, bv Rev. H. Walter - - 21 The English Turcopolier of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, by William "Winthrop 21 Letter from Joanna Baillie, by H. Mar- tin 23 Scraps from an old Common-place Book 23 Kare Trncts, by K. C. Warde - - 24 Englirfi Lawyers and English Diction- aries - - - - - 24 Minor Noths : — " Traverse " — Mil- ton's Description of Rome — Custom observed in drinking at public Feasts — Female Rank — The first Dublin Newspaper - - - - 24 QniRiEs : — Calendnr of Saints' Days - - - 26 Leech Queries - - - - 26 JVIiKoR QoFRiKs : — Foreigm Collections of Floral Poetry — A Ryder — " Cralivs of War" — Sestertium — Epigram in -a Bible — Eminent Men born in the same Vear — Published Lists of the Users of Hair Powder — Legal Query — Burial by Torch-lipht — " Proverbcs Gascons : ' Translation wanted — Ni- trous Oxide and Poetry—" Whychcote of St. John's " — Latinizing Proper Names : Index Geographicus — Reply to Leslie's "Case stated " - - 26 MtNOR QUKRTFS WTTIf AWSWFRS I " Bridsewater Treatises "— " Caucus," its Derivation— Ballad quoted by Bur- ton — Family Arms — Menenius — Hanwell, Oxou - - - - 28 '^IXPLIES : — Golden Table of Luneburg: Ancient Punishment of the Jews - - 29 Military Titles - - - - 30 The Pala!ologi, by William Bates, &c. - 31 Lord Clarendon's Riding-school at Ox- ford - - - - - 32 ■Works on Bells, by Rev. H. T. EUa- combc. Sic. - - - - 32 I "Photooraphec Correspoxdence : — On developing long-excited Collodion Plates — CoUodionized Glass Plates, &c. 33 JIeplies to Minor Queries: — The Bio- graphical Dictionary of living Au- thors _ " Political Register " — Irish ■Newspapers — Flemings in England — Paint Tel lant — Colonel Maceroni _ ■Origin of the Terms " Wliig " and "' Tory " _ Bell-childe — Seals, Books relating to —The Schoolmen _ Sand- banks—Brasses restored — Clay To- baccii-pi|)cs — Churches dedicated to St. Pancras — Oxford Jeu d'Esprit — Song of the Cuckoo — " Nag " and " Knagg " — Sir Henry JoUnes, &.Q. - 34 ^IlSCELLANEODt : — Ifotes on Books, &o. - - - 40 Books and Odd Volumes Wmted. Noticts to Correspondents. Postase Free, price 6d., which may be paid in Stamps. A CATALOGUE OF VALU- JrV ABLE BOOKS for Sale by TUOilAS KERSLAKE, BRISTOL. Containing a Vindication of the AUTO- GRAPHS of SIR ROGER DECOVERLEY'S "PERVERSE WIDOW" and her "MALI- CIOUS CONFIDENT," from a Disparaging Statement thrown out in the ATHENiEUM ; including also a Refutation of one of the Charges of "Mystification" brought against ALEXANDER POPE in that Journal. Just published. New and Cheaper Edition price Is. ; or by Post for Is. 6d. THE SCIENCE OF LIFE ; or, How to Live and What to Live for ; with ample Rules fr Diet, Regimen, and Self- Management : together with instructions for securing health, longevity, and that sterling happiniBS only attainable through the judi- cious observance of a well-regulated course of life. By A PHYSICIAN. London : PIPER, BROTHERS & CO., 23. Pa- ternoster Row ; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street ; MANN, 39. Cornhill ; and all Book- sellers. HAMILTON'S MODERN In- structions for the PIANOFORTE. — "Snd Edition, 4s. ; for Singing, 4th Edition, bs " These are new editionsof highly popular works. Mr. Hamilton devoted himself wholly to tne task of musical instruction ; and his didactic treatises on every branch of tlie art, the fruits of an intelligent mind aided by large experience, are by fur the most useful works of their class extant in this country." — Spec- tator. London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Publishers to the Queen, and of all Musicsellers. s ONG of VICTORY - Strew Voi,. XI No. 272. CHARLE>< MACK AY, ESQ. Music by FRANK MORI. Sung with extraordinary I'cliit by Mr. Sims Reeves. .Also, now ready. Two New Gi' es. Words bv Charles Mackay, Esq. Muaic by Sir H. R. Bishop. London : ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Music Publishers to the Queen. I?XCELSIOR, Song hy MISS M. 1/ LINDSAY. Words by LONGFELLOW, l-'inely illustrated. 2s. 6rf. " An exquisite lyric." — Eliza Cool'. "Stirring and expres- sive."— Weekli/ Timfs. " Sublime in its sim- plicity."—Portemourt Guardian. "A gem, which, in this musical setting, is seen to greater I advtLntmse." — Patriot. "Makes the heart j echo the cry of * FIxoelsior.' " — Epitomist. I " Worthy of the exquisite lines of Longtiellow." ; — Church and State Gazette. " Chaste and I simple." — /JnY'sA /Jajiner. Also, by the same authoress. Sneak Gently, is. 6rf. , and the Hymn of the Moravian Nuns, duet, Zs. ; and a Psalm of Life, 3s. Londim: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Music Publishers to the Queen. MR. SERJEANT STEPHEN'S NEW COM- MENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF ENGLAND. (Third Edition.) Just published, 4 Vols. 8vo., 4 Guineas, cloth. (Dedicated, by permission, to Her JIajesty the Queen.) IVTEW COMMENTARIES ON 1a the laws of ENGLAND, in which are interwoven, under a New and Original Arrangement of the General Subject, all such parts of the WORK OF BLACKSTONE as are applicable to the present times ; together with full but compendious Expositions of the Modem Improvements of tl'e Law up to the latest period, the oriainal and adopted Mate- rials being throughout the Work typographi- callv distinguished from each other. By HENRY JOHN STEPHEN, Serjeant-at- Law. Third Edition. Preparfd for the Press by JAMES STEPHEN, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, and Professor of English Law, &c. at King's College, London. " We have long regarded this as the most valuable low book extant. We make no ex- ception. We believe, moreover, the labour saved to the student by this work to be in- valunble. Nor are we sure that any amount of labour could give him the same comprehen- sive insight to the science ht- is about to enter upon. It is the grammar of the law. It is sheer nonsense to talk of the woitli of Black- stone now-a-days. W'e undertake to say that the student who should read him now would have to unread half the work contains, and add as much more to liis information wlicn he had exhausted all that Blackstone knew. This results not merely from the changes which have since taken place, but from the diffuse and often verbose style in which Blackstone wrote his very faulty worli, which it has t)een the fashion of a comparativily illiterate age to laud and extol. We venture to suggest to Serjeant Stephen to discard Blackstone alto- gether, and to re-wiite tlie passage; he has modestly but injudiciously interpolated in his own infinitely superior composit'on. We may here allude to the great care taken by Mr. James Stephen, to whom much Ciedit is due for the intelligent zeal and diligence he has evinced in preparing this edition of Stephen's 'Commentaries' for the pres-," -From the Zaw Magazine. " Assuming that all prudent practitioners and students will wasli their hands of the past, and begin to form small practical libraries entirely of the recent law, the> could not find a better foundation than this third and new edition of Serjeant Stephen's ' Commentaries." which has been moulded throneliout to the present state of the law, and comprises all the recent alterations . . . We heartily recommend these 'Commentaries' as beyond measure the best book that has ever appeared to form a foundation for the study cf the law of Eng- land."—From the Laiv Times. QUESTIONS ON STEPHEN'S NEW COMMENTARIES. Also, just published, 8vo., 10s. 6d. cloth. QUESTIONS FOR LAW STUDENTS on the THIRD EDITION of MR. SERJEANT STEPHEN'S NEW COM- MENTARIES on the LAWS i f ENGLAND. By JAMES STEPHEN, of the Middle Tem- ple, Barrister-at-Law, and Proftssor of English Law, &c. at King's Collose, Lonoon, London : Published by MESSRS. BUTTER- WORTH. 7. Fleet Street, Law Publishers ta the Queen's Most ExceiUot ijtitaty. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 272. 60,000 CUBES WITHOUT MEDICINE. T\U BARRYS DELICIOUS 17 REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD CURES indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation and diarrhoea, dysentery, nervousness, bilious- ness and liver complaints, flatulency, disten- gion, acidity, heartburn, palpitation of the heart, nervous headiichef, deafness, noises in the head and ears, pains in almost every nart of the body, tic douloureux, faceache. chronic inflammation, cancer and ulceration of the stomach, pains at the pit of the stomach and between the shoulders, erysipelas, eruptions of the skin, boils and carbuncles, impurities and poverty of the blood, scrofula, cnugh, asthma, consumption, dropsy, rheumatism, trout, nausea and sickness during pregnancy, after eating, or at sea, low spirits, spnsms, cramps, epileptic fits, spleen, general debility, inquie- tude, sleeplessness, involuntary blushing, pa- ralysis, tremors, dislike to society, unfitness lor rtndy, loss of memory, delusions, vertigo, blood to the head, exhaustion, melancholy, ground- lees fear, indecision, wretchedness, thoughts of self-destruction, and many other complaints. It is, moreover, the best food for inftnts and invalids generally, as it never turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor interferes with a good liberal diet, hut imparts a healthy relish for lunch and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion, and nervous and muscular energy to the most enfeebled. In whooping cough, measles, small-pox, and chicken or wind pox, it renders all medicine superfluous by re- moving all inflammatory and feverish symp- toms. Important Caotion against the fearful dangers of spuri' us imitations : — The Vice- Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an Injunction on March 10, 1854. against Alfred Hooper Nevill. for imitating "Du Barry's Kevalenta Arabica Food." BARRY, DU BARRY, & CO., 77. Regent Street, London. A few mit o/ 50,000 Cures: Colonel H. Watkins, of Grantham, a cure of gout ; Mr. Joseph Walters, Broadwell Col- ery, Oldbury, near Birmingham, a cure of angina pectoi is ; and 50,000 other well-known individuals, who have sent the discoverers anJ importers, BARRY, DU BARRY, & CO., 77. Regent Street, IjOt don, testimonials of the very extraordinary manner in which their health has been restored by this useful and economical diet, after all other remedies had been tried in vain for many years, and all hopes of recovery abandoned. Cure No. 48,314 : _" Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool : a cure of ten years dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous ii ri- taoility." No. 51,482 : Dr. Wurzer. " It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, as also in diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as stone or gravel ; inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, and hoemorrhoids. Alsoin bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where irritation and pan; are to be removed, and in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectu- ally the troublesome cough ; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complKints and consumption " - Dr. Run. Wurzhb, Counsel of Medicine and practical M.D. in Bonn. Cure No. 47.121 :_"Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts : a cure of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies." Cure No. 3906 : — " Thirteen years' cough, indigestion, and general debility, have been removed by Du Barry's excellent Revalenta Arabica Food."— Jambs Porter, Athol Street, Perth. In canisters, suitably packed for all cli- mates, and with full instructions — lib., is. 9d.; 2lb., is. 6d. i 51b., lis. : 121b.,22«. ; super- refined, lib.. 6s. i 21b.. \\8. : 5lb.. 22s. ; lOlb., 33e. The 101b. and 121b carriage free, < n post- oflice order. Barry, Du Barry, & Co., 77. Regent Street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, & Co., purveyors to Her Mojestv, Picc"dilly : also at 60. Gracechurch Street ; XiO. Strand ; of Barclay, Edwards, Sutton, Sanger, Hannay, Newberry, end may he orc'ered through all re- spectable Booksellers, Grocers, and Chemists. A' CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of upwards of 100 articles, consisting oi 'pOBTMANTEAUS.TRAVELLING-RAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling re- quisites, Gratis on application, or sent tree by Post on receipt of Two Stamps. MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch- box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new Portmanteau containing four compart- ments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced. J. W. & T. ALLEN, IS. * 22. West Strand. BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EX- HIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now b'; had at the MANU- FACTORY. 65, CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, B, and 4 guineas. First-rate (Jeneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior I^ever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and m guineas. Bennett's PocketChronometer,Gold, 50 L'uineas ; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 22., 32., and 4<. Ther- mometers from Is. each. BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Itoard of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE. WESTERN LIFE ASSU- RANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. Founded A.D. 1842. Directors. T. Orissell, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. A. Lethbridge.Esq. E. Lucas, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq. H. E. Bicknell,Esq. T. S. Cocks.Jun. Esq. MP. G. H. Drew, Esq. W. Evans. Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. Trustees. W.Whateley.Esq., Q.C. ; George Drew, Esq. T Grissell, Esq. Physician. — William Rich. Basham, M.D. Bankers Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. POLICIES effected in this Office do not be- come void through temporary difficulty in pay- ing a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Pro- spectus. Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 1002., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits : Age £ s. d. Age £ s. d. 17- _ - 1 14 4 32- - 2 10 8 22- - - 1 13 8 37- - 2 18 6 27- - 2 4 5 42- 3 8 ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. Now ready, price I0». 6rf., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL IN- VFS'IMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISFon BENEFIT BUILDING SO- CIEriF:S. and on the (Jeneral Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the < ases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, Sic. With a Muthemutical Appendix on Com- pound Interest and Life Assurance. By AR- THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parlia- ment Street, Loudon. THE LONDON ASSURANCE INCORPORATED A.D. 1720. FOE LIFE, FIRE, AND MARINE ASSURANCES. Head Office, 7. Royal Exchange, Cornhill. EDWARD BURMESTER, ESQ., Governor. JOHN ALVES ARBUTHNOT, ESQ., Sub- Governor. SAMUEL GREGSON, ESQ., M.P., Deputy- Governor. Directors. Nath. Alexander, Esq. J. Alex. Hankey, Esq. R. Baggallay, Esq. E. Harnage, Esq. G. Barnes, Esq. Louis Huih, Esq. H. Bonham Bax, Esq, William King Esq. James Blyth, Esq. Charles Lvall, Esq. J. W. Borradaile, Esq. John Ord, Esq. Chas. Crawley, Esq. David Powell, Esq. W. Dallas, Esq, G. Probyn, Esq. B. Dobree, Jun,, Esq. P, F. Robertson. M.P. H. G Gordon, Esq. Alex. Trotter Esq. Edwin Gower. Esq. Thos. Weeding, E-^q. David C. Guthrie, Esq, Lest. P. Wilson, Esq. Actuary, PETER HARDY, ESQ., F.R.S. WEST END OFFICE, No. 7. PALL MALL. Committee. Two Members of the Court in rotation, and HENRY KINGSCOTE, ESQ.. and JUHN I'lDD PRATT, ESQ. Superintendent, PHILIP SCOONES, ESQ, LIFE DEPARTMENT. THIS CORPORATION has granted As- surances on Lives for a Period exceeding One Hundred and Thirty Years, having issued its first Polcy on the 7th June, 1721. Two-thirds, or 66 per cent, of the entire pro- fits, lire given to the Assured. Policies may be opened under either of the following plans, viz. — At a low rate of premium, without partici- pation in profits, or at a somewhat higher rate, en'itling the Assured, either after the first five years, to an annual abatement of premium for the remainder of life, or, after payment of the first premium to a participation in the ensuing quinquennial Bonus. The abatement for the year 1855 on the Annual Primiumsof i ersons who have been assured under Series " 1831 " tor five years or longer, is upw ards of 33 per cent. The high character which this ancient Cor- poration has maintained during nearhi a Century and a Half, secures to the public a full and faithful declaration of profits. The Corporation bears the whole Expenses OP Management, thus giving to thf Assured, in consequence of the protection afforded by ^iis Corporate Fund, advantages equal to those of any system ot Mutual Assurance. Premiums may be paid Yearly, Half-yearly, or Quarterly. A H Policies are issued free from Stamp Duty, or fro'n charge ot any description whatever, beyond the Premium. The attentiS sent to Mr. Beix, Publisher ot "NOri-S AND C;tll£>UlJ!<8, 186. Fleet Street. Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad- dresses are given for that purpose : Gmelin's Handbook of Chemistry. Cavendish Societt. All the Vols, published. Wanted by Jtev. Frederick Smithe, Churchdown, Cheltenham. Annalicm ecclesiasticorom post Baroniom, auctore Abr. Bzovio. TomusXV. Colon. Agr. About 1620. "Wanted by Bev. Dr. Todd, Librarian of Trinity College, Dublin. Jan. 13. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. Great Exhibition ; Poetical RhPFSody. Pcarce, Sheffield. Dr. Commino on the Great Exhibition. Shaw. Hiooimson's Koh-i-noor. Pretyman and Nixon. Guide to the Great Exhibition. Ward. New Exhibition. Cooper, Quebec Street. o • »_ Crystal Paiace ; a Sketch. Square. Christian Knowledge Sooietr. J. H. Martin's Ode in Commemoration of Great Exhibition. Musings on the Exhibition, by Gray of Islay. Gilchrist. LoNDREs ET 1,'ExposiTioN. Durr. Mrs. Bkeweb's Lines on Gathering op the Nations. New Map of London, with Arrangements op Crystal i-ALACE. Kelly's Exhibition Guide. English Edition. Kent. ,„ . Goode's Sermon, " What have they seen in Thy House ? 8vo. Crystal Labyrinth : a Puzzle. 18S1. Ackermann. Illustrated Exhibition Almanac. Cassell. . Theology and Morality of Exhibition. 6d. Painter. , , . Three Cards, in German, French, and English. Lithographed in Gold by C. J. Smith. „ ^ ^ .v„.„ Palace of Glass and the City of Gold. Wertheim. A LovAL Stanza : James Prior. Bath. Exhibition Sheet Almanac. Gilbert. Lb-^Filote, a Newspaper. Wanted by Mr. Francis, 14. WelUngton Street North, Strand. Weale's Quarterly Papers on Architecture- Caveler's Gothic Architecture. Parts. Puoin's Examples of Gothic Architecture Weale. Wanted by John Hebb, 9. Lanrence-Pountney Lane Parti. Parts 3 & 4 of Vol. I. Herring's Preservatives against the Plague. 4to. 1665. Strott's Chronicle OF England. Vol.11. 4to. 1778. Shakspeare's Plays. Vol. II. 8vo. Printed by Bensley, 1803. Wanted by R. Thorbuni, 2. Carthusian Street. Cavendish Society Publications. A set. Wanted by Wm. Blackwood ^ Sam, Edinbvirgh. fiatUti to €arteg^aiHstnti. p. P — m. will find much illustration of the epitaph " Earth walks on Earth Glittering in gold" in " N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 498. i and! Vol. riii., pp. 110. 348. A. P. " Hell is paved with good intentions " is a saying ^Johnson's which has beamie proverbial. — See BosweH'a Johnson, by Croker, erf. 1848,p. 450. J. E. The head on the seal is that of a laughing Faun copied from a well-known gem by the Greek artist Ammonios. We are sorry the replies to the other Query have been overlooked. They shall be seen to. Bromo-iodide OP Silver. We are sorry to be compelled to postpone until next week a valuable conmunication on this sulgect, by the Rbt. J. B. Reade. Full price will be given for clean copies of" Notes and Queries " of \st January, 1853, So. 166, upon application to Mr. Bell, the Publisher. A few complete sets of " Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to x., price five guineas, will be ready very shortly. For these, early application is desirable. "Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, arid deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday. " Notes AND Queries " is also issued in Monthly Parts, /or the con- venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un- stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties resident in the country or abroad, who may oe desirous of receiving the weekly Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the Publisher. The subscription for the stamped edition of "Notes anb Queries " (.including a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four- pence for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of the Publisher, Mr. Georob Bell, No. 186. Fleet Street. XYLO- IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Pho- tosraphic Establishments. — The superiority of this preparation is now universally ac- knowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has Ijeen discovered which produces uuifoimly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where a quantity is required, tlie two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use. Caution.— Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photograi hie Chemicals : and may be procurt d of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at ts., 2s., and 3s. 6rf. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. T Just published, Second Edition. Price Is., by Post Is. 6d. HE COLLODION PROCESS. By T. H. HENNAH. Also, Price !«., by Post \s. 6rf. THE WAXED-PAPER PRO- CESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY (Translated from the French). To this has been added a New Modificaiion of the Process, by which the Time of Exposure in the Camera is reduced to one-fourth, by JAMES HOW, Assistant in the Philosophical Establishment of the Pub- lishers. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. PHOTOGRAPHIC OAMERAS. OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Feather- stone Buildings, Holbom ; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street ; and at the Manu- factory as above, where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ART. - MESSRS. KNIGHT & SONS respect- fully inform Artists, Amateurs, and the Pro- fession, that t'ey are the Sole Agents for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S Photoerapliic Lenses for Portraits and Views. The different sizes can be seen at their Establishment, where they have every convenience for testing their powers. The Photographic Department of their Establishment comprises every useful improvement in this interesting Art. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. PURE CHEMICAL PREPAR- ATIONS requisite in the various Pro- cesses of the Photographic Art, manufactured and sold by GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, who having considerably reduced the price of many of their preparations, will have plea- sure in forwarding their new List on appli- cation. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Fost«r Lane, London. PHOTOGRAPHY. -- HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail, rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Esta- blishment. Also every description of Apparatus, Che- micals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art— 123. and 121. Newgate Street. Just published. PRACTICAL PHOTOGRA- PHY on GLASS and PAPER, a Manual containing simple directions for the production of PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the agency of Light, including the COLLODION, AL- BUMEN, WAXED PAPER and POSITIVE PAPER Processes, by CHARLES A. LONG. Price Is.; per Post, Is. 6rf. Published by BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instru- ment Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London. POLLODION PORTRAITS \J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer- tainty and uniformity of action over a length- ened period, combined with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent in the hands of the pho- tographer. Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de- tail imattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire. Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the Processes. BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photogra- phical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London. The Pneumatic Plate-holder for Collodion Plates. «»« Catalogues sent on application. THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im- proper Glasses, and is extensively employed Xij BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street. London, NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 272. 12ino., price is. 6d. ON THE STUDY OF LAN- GUAGE : an Exposition of " Tooke's Diversions of Purley." By CHARIiES RIC[^ARDSO^f, LL. D., Author of a New- Dictionary of tiie English Language. " What an epoch in many a student's intel- lectual life has been his first aca"i>intonc8 with the ' Diversions of Purley.' "—2V«hcA on t!ie Study of Words. " The judicious endeavour of a veteran phi- loloiiist to extend the philosophical study of language by popularising Home Tookc'i ' Diversions of Purley,' Dr. Richardson has done good service to the study of language in this very judicious and compact recast, for the book is much more than an abridgment. ' — Spectator. GEORGE BELL, 18«. Flset Str«et. T7REE TRADE IN BOOKS — r 4. COPTHALL BUILDINGS, Moor- ^ate Street. _ S. & T. GILBERT beg respect- fuUv to inform the Public, tliat they supply all Books, Magazines, Reviews. Periodicals, Al- manacs, Pocket-books, and Diaries, published at 1». and upwards, at a reduction of 2rf. in the Shilling, for Cash. Country Orders executed on the same terms, and delivered on the fol- lowing morning, at a charge for Postage of 6(1. for each pound, or fraction of a pound weight. School and Export Orders promptly attended to. Please note the Address : S. & T. GILBERT, Booksellers, 4. Copthall Buildings, Moorgate Street. CATALOGUE of Ancient and Modern BOOKS on Painting, Per- spective, Pictures, Architecture : Books of Prints ; Chess ; and Interesting Works in Miscellaneous Literature ; marked at low Prices for Cash : may be had Gratis on Appli- cation, or Free by Post for One Peuny Stamp. S. & B. NOCK, 16. Bloomsbury Street, London. MECHI'S ELEGANCIES FOR PRESENTS AND USE. THE greatest variety for Ladies and Gentlemen at MECHI'S Manufac- torv and Emporium of Elegance, 4. LEA- DENHALL STREET, LONDON, where may be suited the economical and luxurious. Ba- gatelle Tables, 3/. 10*. to \bl. ; Writing Desks, 8». to 20/. ; Dressing Cases, 15». to lOOJ. ; Work Boxes, as. to 30^ ; leather Writing Cases, 10.?. to 71. i Ditto with Dressing Case ; 4if. to '2bl. i Tea Chests, 7.'. 6J. to 8/. ; Envelope Cases, fo. to 71. ; Inkstands in Wood, Bronze, and Papier MacW, 6s. to 71. ; Papier Macht' Work Tables, 61. 10s. to 2il. ; Tea Trays, 10s. to 34?. per set ; Work and Cake Baskets, 10s. to 47. ; Card Racks, 16s. to Si. ; Hand Screens. lOs. to U. 10s. ; Pole Screens, 21. 5«. to il. 10». ; Netting Boxes, Card Boxes, Ladies' Companions in Pearl, Shell, Papier Mache and Leather ; Ladies' Scent Cases and Toilet Bottles ; Ladies' Card Cases, Chess Boards and Men ; elegant Papier MacW Chess Tables ; Gold and Silver Pencil Cases in every variety ; good Tooth Brushes, Cd. each ; Cases of Plated and Silver Dessert Knives and Forks ; Sheffield Plate ; splendid Table Cutlery ; warranted Razors and Strops, 3«. erf. each ; Sporting Knives, and every de- BC'iption of Fancy Cutler}-. With a variety of other articles, of which Catalogues may be had gratis. As MECHI manufactures extensively on his own premises, the quality of every article is warranted. T\R. LOVELL'S SCHOOL, 1/ WINSLOW HALL. BUCKS. — The PUPILS will RE-ASSEMB1,E, after the present Vacation, on the 25th January. A late Pnpil has just been elected to a Scliolurship at Lincoln College, Oxford. Two others passed the Army Examination last September, and have already received Commissions All par- ticulars about the School can be had on Appli- cation to the Principal. Second Edition, with large map, price is., cloth boards. PRIZE ESSAY ON PORTU- GAL. By JOSEPH JAMES FOR- RESTER, of Oporto, F.R.G.S. of London, Paris, Berlin. &c.. Author of " Original Sur- veys of the Port Wine Districts;" of the " River Douro from the Ocean to the Spanish Frontier;" and of the "Geology of the Bed and Banks of the Douro ; " alsoofa projectfor the improvement of the navigation of that river, end of varioui other works on Portugal. JOHN WEALE, 59. High Holborn. Just published. Part I., super-royal 8vo., in paper cover, sewed, at lOs. to non-subscribers. GIOTTO AND HIS WORKS IN PADUA. ByJOHNRUSKIN. N.B /n consequence of the numerous appli- cations for Mr. Jiitskin's Essay, the Council of the Arundel Society have resolved to sell it to the Public without the Engravings issued to the Subscribers. Published at the Office of the Arundel Society, 24. Old Bond Street ; and to be obtained (through any Bookseller) of BELL & DALDT, Fleet Street. THE HOMILIST FOR JANU- ARY. price Is. (commencing Vol. IV.), contains : — 1. The Impotency of Time. 2. A Domestic Homily on Christian Love. 3. True Prayer, Social Morality. Chiist's Vision of Life. 4. The True .'Soldiership. 5. Phases of Re- demptive Truth. 6. The Eros of Redemption. 7. First Scene in the Moral History of Re- deemed Humanity. 8. The Five Brethren : a Terrible Picture of Domestic Life. 9. Paul and Barnabas ; their Contention and Sepa- ration. 10. The Present God. U. Glances at Great Preachers. Literary Notices, &c. ic. WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row. "OOOKBINDING F. SILANI I ) & CO. (Successors to the late T. ARM- STRONG ), 23. Villiers Street, Strand, solicit every DcFcription of Work relating to their Art. A List of Prices for Cloth, Half-calf, Calf, Morocco, or Antique Binding, can be had upon Application, or will be forwarded for One Stamp. Bookbinding for the Trade. PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square (established a.d. US')), sole manufac- turers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial, signed by the majority of the lead- ing musicians of the age : — "Wc, the under- signed members of the musical profession, having carefully examined the Royal Piano- fortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'AL- MAINE Ik CO., have great pleasure in hearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal tem- perament, while the elegance of their construc- tion renders them a handsome ornament tor the library, boudoir,ordrawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blew- Itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp. P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Olover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hassi', J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. IL Holmes, W. Kuhe, O. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, O. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Iittlecote — Penitentiaries for Fe- males — Anglo-Saxon, &c. — Cowley on Shakspeare — Theophilus Iscanus — Niagara - - - - 46 Minor Queries with Answers : — *' The Schoolmaster, or Teacher of Philosophic " — Conwaye : Book of Prayers — " Tableau de Paris " — Loiig S _ Two Surnames joined by Alias — Sir Thomas Tresham — Colo- phon — Nottingham Riots - - 48 Keplies : — Dean Bill 49 Southey and Voltaire, by Henry H. Breen - - - - - 50 Did the Greek Surgeons extract Teeth ? by R. Wiibraham Falconer, M. 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THE SCIENCE OF LIFE; or, How to Live and What to Live for; with ample Rules f>r Diet, Regimen, and Self- Management : together with instructions for securing health, longevity, and that sterling happiness only attainable through the judi- cious observance of a well-regulated course of life. By A PHYSICIAN. London : PIPER, BROTHERS & CO., 23. Pa- ternoster Row ; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street ; MANN, 39. Cornhill ; and »U Book- sellers. Second Edition, with large map, price is., cloth boards. PRIZE ESSAY ON PORTU- GAL. By JOSEPH JAMES FOR- RE.STER, of Oporto, F.R.G.S. of London, Paris, Berlin, &c., Author of " Original Sur- veys of the Port Wine Districts ; " of the " River Douro from the Ocean to the Spanish Frontier;" and of the "Geology of the Bed and Banks of the Douro ; " also of a project for the improvement of the navigation of that river, and of various other works on Portugal. JOHN WEALE, 59. High Holborn. 12mo., price 4s. 6d. ON THE STUDY OF LAN- GUAGE : an Exposition of " Tooke's Diversions of Purley." By CHARLES RICHARDSON. LL. D., Author of a New Dictionary of the English Language. " What an epoch in many a student's intel- lectual life has been his first acquaintanc* with the ' Diversions of Purley.' "—2'rencA on the Study of Words. " The judicious endeavour of a veteran phi- lologist to extend the philosophical study of language by popularising Home Tooke's ' Diversions of Purley,' Dr. Richardson has done good service to the study of language in this very judicious and compact recast, for the book is much more than an abridgment." — Spectator. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. T7REE TRADE IN BOOKS.— r 4. COPTHALL BUILDINGS, Moor- gate Street. — S. & T. GILBERT beg resnect- fullv to inform the Public, that they supply all Books, Magazines, Reviews, Periodicals, Al- manacs, Pocket-books, and Diaries, published at Is. and upwards, at a reduction of 2d. in the Shilling, for Cash. Country Orders executed on the same terms, and delivered on the fol- lowing morning, at a charge for Postage of 6d. for each pound, or fraction of a pound weight. School and Export Orders promptly attended to. Please note the Address : S. « T. GILBERT, Booksellers, 4. Copthall Buildings, Moorgate Street. BOOKBINDING. — F. SILANI & CO., (Successors to the late T. ABM- STRONG), 23. Villiers Street, Strand, solicit every ucscription of work relating to their art. A list of prices for cloth, half-calf, calf, mo- rocco, or antique binding, can be had upon application, or will be forwarded for One Stamp. Bookbinding for the Trade. Just published, in 8vo., price 25s. half-bound. HAYDNS BOOK OF DIG- NITIES : containingRollsof the Official Personages of the British Empire, Civil, Eccle- siastical, Judicial, Military, Naval, and Mu- nicipal, from the Earliest Periods ; compiled chiefly from the Records of the Public Offices. Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the Foundation of their respective States ; the Peerage of England and of Great Britain ; and numerous other Lists. " It is Impossible to speak too highly of this stupendous repository of historical informa- tion." — John Bull. London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CXCI., is Published THIS DAY. Contents : I. FIRES AND FIRE INSURANCE. II. JOHN DALTON — ATOMIC CHE- MISTRY. III. PICTURES OF LIFE AND CHA- RACTER-LEECH. IV. BRODIE'S PSYCHOLOGICAL EN- QUIRIES. V. CLERICAL ECONOMICS. Vr. THE DOMESTIC HEARTH. VII. PROVIDENT INS I ITUTIONS. VIII. THE CAMPAIGN IN THE CRIMEA. IX. CORSICA. X. THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. CONG of VICTORY — Strew O Roses — Gather Garlands. Words by CHARLES MACKAY, ESQ. Music by FR.A.NK MORI. Sung with extraordinary <^clat by Mr. Sims Reeves. Also, now ready. Two New Glees. Words bv Charles Mackay, Esq. Music by Sir H. K. Bishop. I^ndon: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Music Publishers to the Queen. CCHOOL MUSIC. — HAMIL- O TON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for SINGING, 5.S. : HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for the PIANOFORTE, 73rd Edition, 4s. : HAMILTON'S DIC- TIONARY of 3500 MUSICAL TERMS, 45th Edition. I... ; CLARKE'S CATECHISM of the RUDIMENTS of MUSIC, 34th Edition, Is. ROBERT COCKS & CO., London. " The above are among the most remarkable educational works that ever issued from the press. Hamilton's name has become a ' house- hold word,' and his Modern Instructions are used everywhere. The Dictionary is a wonder ; and as to the Catechism, no child learnins music ought to be without it. To schools, these works are invaluable ; and, on the other hand, will be found beyond price to persons living in country places, o in the colonies, where mas- ters are not to be had." — Vide Morning Chro- ntc/e, Oct. 21. NEW BURLINGTON STREET, LONDON. To be had of all Musicsellers. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 273. 50,000 CURES -WITHOUT MEDICINE. T\U BARRY S DELICIOUS 1 7 REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD CURES indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation «nd diarrhoea, dysentery, nervousness, bilious- ness and liver complaints, flatulency, disten- sion, acidity, heartburn, palpitation of the heart, nervous headache?, deafness, noises in the head and ears, pains in almost every part of the body, tic douloureux, faceache. chronic Inflammation, cancer and ulceration of the (tomach, pains at the pii of the stomach and between the shoulders, erysipelas, eruptions of the skin, boils and carbuncles, impurities and poverty of the blood, scrofula, cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, rheumatism, gout, nausea and sickness during pregnancy, after eating, or at sea, low spirits, spasms, cramps, epileptic fits, spleen, general debility, inquie- tude, sleeplessness, involuntary blushing, pa- ralysis, tremors, dislike to soriety , unfitness for study, loss of memory-, delusions, vertigo, blood to the head.exhausticn, melancholy, groxmd- less fear, indecision, wretchedness, thoughts of self-destruction, and many other complaints. It is, moreover, the best food for infnts and invalids generally, as it never turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor interferes with a good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion, and nervous and muscularenergy to the most enfeebled. In whooping cough, measles, small-pox, and chicken or wind pox, it renders all medicine superfluous by re- moving all inflammatory and feverish symp- toms. Important Cadtion against the fearful dangers of spurious imitations: — The Vice- Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an Injunction on March 10, 1H54. against Alfred Hooper Nevill. for imitating "Du Barry's Kevalenta Arabica Food." BARRY, DU BARRY, ft CO., 77. Regent Street, Loudon. A few out o/ 50,000 Cures: Cure No. 7'.. of dyspepsia, from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies : — "I have derived considerable benefit from Du Barry's Revs lenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines." — Stuart ve Cure No. 180 : — " Twenty-five years' ner- vousness, constipation, indigestion, and de- bility, from which I have suffered great misery, and which no medicine could remove or re- ] lieve, huve been effectually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very short time." — W. R. Beeves, Pool Anthony, Tiverton. Cure No. 49,«32 :_" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dysrepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipatioi , flatulency, spasms, sick- ness at the stomach and vomiting, have been lemoved by Du Barry's excellent food." — Maria Joilv, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk. No. 4208. " Eight years' dyspepsia, nervous- ness, debility with cramps, spasms, and nausea, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's health-restoring food. I shall be happy to answer any inquiries," Rev. John W. Fia- vEix. Ridlington Rectory. Norfolk. — No. 81. *' "Twenty years' liver complaint, with dis- orders of the stomach, bowels, and nerves," AwnREW Eraser, Haddington. No. 32.836. " Three years' excessive nervous- ness, with pains in my neck and left arm, and general debility, which rendered my life very miserable, have been radically removed by Du Barry's health-restoring food." — Alexawder Stoart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skibereen. No. 68,034. Grammar School. Stevenage, Dec. 16. \S!>n : " Gentlemen, We have found it admirably adapted for infants. Our haV)y has never once had disordered bowels since taking it." — R. Ambler. In canisters, suitably packed for all eli- mates. and with full instructions — lib., is. 9rf.i 21b., 4.oiva. kninQivai," — "to add a Colophonian" — put the finishing hand to an affair ; hence also, in the early periods of printing, the last thing printed at the end of the book was called the colophon. The same phrase was used by the Romans, as well as by Erasmus, whose words are Colophonem addidi — "I have put the finishing touch to it." Consult Lemprifere's Classical Diet, by Anthon and Barker, and Thomas's Hiit. ofJ*riHting in America, vol. u p. 14.] Nottingham Riots. — Will you inform me where I can meet with a good account of the Nottingham Riots, which took place some time about the pass- ing of the Reform JBill ? W. E. HowLEiyr. Kirton in Lindsey. [A long account of the riots at Nottingham on the memorable days of Oct. 9th, 10th, andlltb, 1831, when the castle and Mr. Lowe's silk mill were demolished, will be found in the Nottingham Journal of Oct. 15, 1831, and in the Nottingham Review of Oct. 14, 1831, which was most probably copied into the London papers.] ISit^liti, TDEAN BILL. (Vol. vii., p. 286. ; Vol. x., p. 530.) I shall be very much obliged to A. R. M,, M. L. B., or to any other correspondent of " N. & Q.," to furnish me with particulars of the ancestgr of this worthy reformer. As a clue, I will recite all that I have been able, with limited resources, to collect. William Bill, D.D., was appointed Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1546. He was invited to Trinity College, and became the second master on that foundation in 1551. Queen Mary ejected him in 1553, and he was restored by Queen Elizabeth dn 1558. In the following year Dr. Bill was ap- pointed, with several other learned divines, Arch- bishop Parker being at their head, to take a re- view of the two liturgies of King Edward VI., and to frame from them a Book of Common Prayer for the use of the Church of England. On the 21st of May, 1560, Queen Elizabeth refounded the establishment at Westminster Abbey as a col- legiate church, to be governed by a dean and chapter, and appointed Dr. Bill to be the first dean. He died 15th June, 1561, in possession of the Deanery, the Mastership of Trinity College, and, I believe, the Provostship of Eton. Burke, in his Armory, says that Dr. Bill's niece, the heir of his elder brother Thomas Bill, of Ashwell, co. Hertford, married James Haydock of Greywell, CO. Southampton. In his Extinct Baronetage, under the family Samwell he says that Francis Samwell, Esq., of Cotsford, co. Oxford, who re- moved first to the town of Northampton, and afterwards settled at Rothersthorpe in that shire, was auditor to Henry VIII., and married Mary, sister to the Rev. William Bill, D.D., of Ashwell, CO. Hertford, almoner to Queen Elizabeth, by whom he had issue Sir William Samwell, auditor to Queen Elizabeth, knighted by James I., and ancestor of the baronets of that family. 50 NOTES AND QUEKIES. [No. 273. I have never been able to ascertain whether the Dean was married, or to connect him with the StaflTordshire family. Richard Bill of EoUeston, CO. Stafford, the first I notice in that county, was born about twenty years after the Dean's death. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Robert Shenton, of Farley, Esq., and died circa 1640, leaving issue three sons: 1. John, who inhe- rited Farley ; he left an only daughter and heiress, Elizabeth, who built Farley Hall. 2. Richard, who died without issue. 3. Robert of Stanton, the ancestor of the present family ; he had three sons, of whom Richard, the eldest, repurchased in 1699 the Farley estate, which had been sold in 1679 by Elizabeth Bill's son and heir. In the Manual of Brasses^ published at Oxford in 1848, it is recorded, that on Dean Bill's sepul- chral slab in Westminster Abbey, his coat of arms in brass, now lost, bore — Ermine, two wood-bills sable, with long handles, proper, in saltire ; on a chief azure, a pale or, charged with a rose gules, between two pelicans' heads erased at the neck argent. Burke, in his Armory, gives a similar coat to the Bills of Staffordshire, the only differ- ence being, that the wood-bills are called battle- axes, the pale is argent, and the pelicans are vulning themselves. But he gives to Dean Bill a coat altogether different, viz.. Or, a fret sable within a bordure engrailed azure, on a canton argent, five martlets in saltire sable. The con- struction of the first coat, the rose borne on a pale in the chief, savours of the Westminster arms *, and I should almost infer, from this circumstance, that these bearings were granted to the Dean during the short time he presided over that Chapter. If this suggestion be correct, no doubt a record of the grant, with perhaps some account of his family, is still extant in the College of Arms. A search there, or in the Harleian MS. No. 1546., in the British Museum, which contains the visitation of the county of Hertford, by Robert Cooke, Clarencieux, in the year 1572, might pro- duce a solution to A. R. M.'s Queries : Chauncey's Hertfordshire, or Clutterbuck's, might be con- sulted. Patonce. SOUTHET AND VOLTAIRE. (Vol. x., p. 282.) The French pMlosophes, and Voltaire in par- ticular, have sins enough of their own to answer for, without being made accountable for those which the malice or ignorance of their opponents has attributed to them, and any explanation that should exonerate them from the blasphemy im- * This is not an unusual mode of differencing the shield of persons connected with Westminster ; e. g. the arms of Lords Thurlow, Eldon, Wynford, and Langdale. plied in their ecrasez Vinfame, would be an act of justice as well as a service to the cause of truth. In France, the erroneous interpretation of this phrase is not confined to the illiterate classes, who are obliged to take all such matters upon trust, but is adopted and inculcated by professors of divinity, and others engaged in the education of youth. The wonder seems to be how, with the context so clear and so pointedly expressed, as in the passage quoted by Mb. De Morgan, this un- founded imputation should have received such general assent. As aids towards a solution of this difficulty, I beg leave to offer the following remarks. 1. In the belief of the majority of Roman Ca- tholics, what Voltaire calls " superstition " is bound up with the essence of " religion." To as- sail the one is to assail the other ; and the man who should hold up either as infdme, is as culpable, in their eyes, as if he applied the term to the Divine Founder of Christianity. 2. Of all controversialists Voltaire is the mosb unscrupulous. In the passage cited by Mr. Db Morgan, he draws a distinction between " super- stition " and " religion," and talks of his love and respect for the latter. But we all know that this is a mask. His attacks upon religion are not confined to what an enlightened Protestant might deem its " superstition," but extend to the under- mining of its fundamental truths. In this unholy warfare, satire, sarcasm, irony, abuse, are alike unsparingly employed; and as to misrepresent- ation, he never comes across a text of Scripture, the meaning of which he does not distort to serve his purpose. These tricks of distortion are part of his grand scheme for bringing Christianity into contempt ; and those who know with what acerbity and unfairness religious controversies are generally conducted, will not be surprised to find that Vol- taire's opponents have resorted to the same un- justifiable weapons, which he had wielded with so much success against them. 3. It is clear that at first Voltaire used the ex- pression ecrasez Vinfdme in the restricted sensa of the passage quoted by Mr. De Morgan. But afterwards it became a sort of watchword among his disciples ; and the use of it, in this isolated form, by writers who were known to carry their abhorrence of religion to a fiendish excess, natu- rally led to the supposition that by Vinfdme they wished to designate the author of what they la- boured to represent as a tissue of " infamy." There is a slight apparent inaccuracy in one of Mr. De Morgan's remarks, which he will pardon me for adverting to. After quoting Voltaire's words, he adds : " consequently infdme is a femi- nine noun." This has reference to the passage quoted, and so far we understand what is meant ; but, taken in an absolute sense, it might lead to misconception. If infdme were a feminine noun, Jan. 20. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 51 the phrase ecrasez Vinfame could never have been understood by any one as applicable to Jesus Christ. The fact is, infame is an adjective, and is the same in both genders. When used as a noun, as in the passage from Voltaire, the elision leaves it doubtful whether the article intended be le or la ; nor is this uncertainty removed till we come to la and elle in the subsequent part of the sen- tence. PIenky H. Bbeen. St. Lucia. DID THE GREEK SURGEONS EXTRACT TEETH? (Vol. X., pp. 242. 355, 356. 510.) Mr. Hayes's suggestion as to the probable cir- cumstance which led the Greek surgeons to stop hollow teeth, is, I think, inadequate, especially as the fact of the imbedding of a grape or any other seed in the hollow of a decayed tooth would not afford relief; on the contrary, the swelling of the seed after it had remained awhile in such a po- sition, would produce inconvenience, pain, and sometimes intense suffering, as I have more than once experienced. It is, however, matter of less importance whence the practice was derived, than whether we possess reliable evidence of the fact, nor is it affected by the condition of the material used. Teeth were stopped with several intentions, — to prevent their breaking during extraction, to preserve them, and to alleviate pain. Celsus gives the following advice as to the first : " Turn, si fieri potest, manu ; si minus, forfice dens ex- cipiendus. Ac, si exesus est, ante id foramen vel lina- mento, vel bene accommodato plumbo replendum est." — Lib. VII. c. xii. How the lead was prepared for this purpose we have no information. Paulus ^gineta (Adams's Trans., published by the Sydenham Society), vol. ii. p. 294., also ad- vises the filling a carious tooth with a small tent, with the same object as mentioned by Celsus. Marcellus recommends filling a hollow tooth with gum from the ivy to prevent its falling out. Se- rapion, the filling a like tooth, and painful, with opium. As regards filing teeth, Paulus iEgineta advises that an unusually large tooth, or the projecting portion of a broken one, be scraped away with a file. Albucasis gives directions for filing down the teeth for fastening them with gold threads, and gives drawings for extracting the fangs of teeth. (P. ^ginet., ut supra, vol. ii. p. 295.) The references given to Mr. Hayes by M. D. will supply him with a vast amount of information on the subject to which he has turned his at- tention. R. WiLBRAHAM FaI-CONER, M. D. Bath. PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. Bromo-iodide of Silver. — I have read the communi- cations of Mr. Leaciiman and Mk. Lyte on this photo- genic agent with much interest, and in reply I beg to oflFer the following observations. Mr. Leachman proves that bromide of silver is entirely dissolved in a saturated solution of muriate of ammonia, and that bromo-iodide of silver (for such is, in fact, the precipitate he forms, though he doubts it) is altogether insoluble in that menstruum. Mk. Lyte proves that iodide of silver and the " so- called bromo-iodide of silver," when digested in strong liq. amm., are each similarly acted upon by an excess of dilute nitric acid. He then forms a true bromo-iodide of silver, but in such combination as to exhibit the same kind of milkiness which occurs with pure bromide of silver on the addition of an acid ; and hence he leads to the conclusion that bromide, and not iodide, of silver is exhibited by this experiment ; whereas Mr. Leachman thinks that by his experiment on the same double com- pound, the precipitate cannot be bromide of silver at all, but must evidently be the iodide. In this point of view, therefore, to use a legal formula, the case is one of Lyte V. Leachman. I now offer with some confidence the following experi- mentum crucis, as a proof of the accuracy of my former statement: — Form bromide of silver by the addition of the nitrate to bromide of potassium ; wash the precipitate, and dissolve it in an excess of bromide of potassium. It is scarcely necessary to say that bromide of silver is thrown down on diluting this solution with water. Next, form iodide of silver and dissolve it in an excess of iodide of potassium. Mix the two solutions together to form a bromo-iodide of silver ; and should any cloudiness appear, it is immediately removed by the addition of a few grains of iodide of potassium. Now the addition of water to this compound so entirely throws down the whole, both of the bromide and iodide of silver (or, as we may now term it, the bromo-iodide of silver), that not a trace of silver is to be found in the filtered supernatant fluid. Hydrochloric acid, that stern detector of silver, leaves it as clear as rock-crystal. I cannot devise a more stringent formula of verification as to the correctness of Dr. Diamond's theory ; and when we find that in prac- tice the results he obtains can be arrived at by no other method, it is probable that his present opponents will be converts to his views. J- B- Reade. The Photographic Exhibition. — The display of photo- graphic pictures this year is most satisfactory ; not only as showing the gradual progress and general improve- ments of the art, but also for the evidence it affords of the many purposes to which the art is applicable. We cannot enter into details of the beauty of the landscapes, &c., by Mr. Fenton, Mr. Delamotte, Mr. Leverett, Mr. Stokes", &c. ; of Mr. Mayall's admirable portraits and won- drous stereoscopic likenesses ; of the excellence of some of the small collodion positives exhibited by Mr. Rosling ; of the " clouds " and portraits of Mr. Hennah ; or of the promising pictures of Mr. Lake Price : all these, excellent as they are, belong, with the exception perhaps of Mr. Price's works, to general photograph j- — and admirable they are. But there are some of the more special pur- poses to which photography has been applied with most satisfactory results, to which we would rather direct attention. Its application to the physiognomy of disease, as shown by Dr. Diamond's "Melancholy;" to the microscope, as shown by Mr. Kingsley's beautiful illus- trations of the " Breathing System of Insects," &c. ; are striking instances of this. Not less so are the Count de Montizon's zoological portraits, which make him the Landseer of photography ; Mr. Contencin's copies of 8% NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 273. portraits in chalk ; and, lastly, Mr. Thurston Thompson's copies of the Raphael drawings belonging to Her Majesty. Had we but these, we should scarcely envy Her Majesty the possession of the originals. fSie$liei ta ^tiior iSiuttiti. Epigram quoted by Lord Derby (Vol. x., p. 524.). — Lord Derby, as reported, certainly misquoted the epigram, but so does Jaydee in its best point. The true and pungent reading is, — " Lord Chatham with his sword wwdrawn, Is waiting for Sir Richard Strachan ; Sir Richard longing to be at them, Is waiting for the Earl of Chatham." Unlike most epigrams, the point was in the first line, the " sword undrawn." I well remember its first appearance (in, I think, the Morning Chro- nicle}, and we thought it was Jekyll's ; some one afterwards added a couplet, not very neatly ex- pressed, but quite as near the historical truth as the rest : " What then, in mischief's name, can stop 'em.' They both are waiting for Home Popham." c. Curious Ceremony at Queen's College, Oxford (Vol. X., p. 306.) — The practice of scholars wait- ing upon the Fellows' table was discontinued in the year 1796. I am assured, by one who has himself waited in this way, that the ceremony al- luded to by Dr. Barrington was a joke, never a practice. H. H. Wood. Queen's Coll. Anastatic Printing (Vol. x., pp. 288. 364.). — In reply to your correspondent J. P., I beg to ob- serve that he will obtain the information he re- quires in a work published in 1849 by Boyne, entitled On the various Applications of Anastatic Printing and Papyrography, by P. H. De la Motte. J. H. Gdtch. Paris Garden (Vol. x., p. 423.). — Mr. J. Ed- monds will find the following mention of it xoade in Mr. Cunningham's Handbook : "A manor or liberty on the Bankside in South wark, so called from Robert de Paris, who had a house and garden there in Richard II.'s time, who by proclamation or- dained that the butchers of London should buy that garden for the receipt of their garbage and entrails of beasts, to the end the city might not be annoyed thereby. — Blount's Glossographia, ed. 1681, p. 473. " This manor afterwards appertained to the monastery of St Saviour's, Bermondsey, and at the dissolution to Henry VIII. It was subsequently held by Thomas Cure, founder of the alms-houses in Southwark which bear his name ; and last of all by Rich. Taverner and William Angell. "A circus existed in the manor of Paris Garden, erected for bull and bear-baiting, as early as the 1 7 Henry VIII., when the Earl of Northumberland is said (in the House- hold Book of the family) to have gone to Paris Garden to behold the bear-baiting there. The best view of Paris Garden Theatre forms the frontispiece to the second volume of Collier's Annuls of the Stage." J. H. GUTCH. "Riding Bodkin" (Vol. x., p. 524.). — I pre- sume N. L. T. had exhausted all the sources of information usually attainable, such as Johnson's Dictionary and its confreres, before he burthened your paper with the Query above referred to. I therefore give an explanation as given to me more than once by a learned man and diligent antiquary, the late Henry Thomas Payne, Archdeacon of St. David's. '* Bodkin " is body kin (little body), as manikin (little man), and was a little person to whose company no objection could be made on account of room occupied by the two persons ac- commodated in the corners of the carriage. j Geokge E. Frehe. Yarmouth. Spanish Epigram (Vol. x., p. 445.). — May not J. P. R. have mistaken the following Italian for a Spanish epigram, in praise of small things some- times enfolding in themselves the largest value ? A huge lump of coal cries out : " Benchfe son' nevo, sono gigante." To this boast a tiny but sparkling speck of dia- mond answers : " Benchb son' piccolo, sono brillante." Cephas. Abigail Hill (Vol. x., p. 206.). — The notorious Mrs. (a Lady) Masham was daughter of Francis Hill, a Turkey merchant, and sister of General John Hill of Enfield Green. Her husband Samuel Masham was in 1711 created Lord Masham, which; title expired with his son Samuel, the second baron, in 1776. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether Sir Scipio Hill, baronet of Scotland, was connected with this family, or which was his parentage ? He was certainly an Englishman ; and. in the notice of his death in 1729, he is called "a gentleman whose character is very well known." He was a colonel in the army, and served In Scot- land, where he was concerned in the massacre of Glencoe. From a litigation in 171 1 in the Scottish courts, he seems to have been a gambler. R. R. A Russian and an English Regiment (Vol. xi., p. 8.). — Coleridge's Friend has, ludicrously enough, kicked down his own anecdote ; for be says that the critic on national physiognomies that he quotes was In truth so miserable a judge as to mistake Coleridge's Friend for a Neapolitan. I do not remember when a Russian and an English regiment were likely to have been drawn up ia the same square at Naples ; but if both regiments had been English or both Russian, but that one had been clean shaven, while the other wore beards Jan. 20. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 53 and moustaches, a looker-on would see more indi- viduality of countenance in the regiment that was shaven, Novacula. The Episcopal Wig (Vol. xi., p. 11.). — I be- lieve that the first bishops that appeared without wigs in the House of Lords were some of the Irish bishops after the Union. I remember par- ticularly that Archbishop Beresford, who had a very fine figure, a bald patriarchal head, and most benevolent expression of countenance, made a great and favourable impression amongst his pe- ruqued brethren of England ; but the custom was not general even on the Irish bench. The adop- tion of it by English bishops has been recent. I remember to have heard, fifty years ago, that an English bishop, whose name I heard but have for- gotten, applied to George III. for his sanction to leave off the wig, alleging that the bishops of even as late as the seventeenth century wore, as their f)ictures testified, their own hair. " Yes, my ord," said the king, " but the same pictures show that they then also wore beards and moustachios. I suppose you would hardly like to carry out the precedent. I think a distinction of some sort necessary, and I am satisfied with that which I find established." C. I believe that the present Bishop of London was the first to commence the disuse of the un- sightly and unecclesiastical wig. When a loyalist Cantab appeared in the recently imported Louis XIV. wig, Charles 11. issued an order for- bidding such imitation of lay costume. Tillotson is the first bishop represented in a wig, and wrote a sermon to defend himself. The archbishops and Bishops of Gloucester and Durham alone retain it, I believe. Anti-Wig. Ribbons of Recrmting Sergeants (Vol. xi., p. 11.). — Allow me to answer Russeix Goi,e by asking him in return why cockades are worn ? why ribbons are worn by parties at elections ? why by benefit clubs on Whit Monday? why by Free- masons ? why by horses in a fair ? why by ladies at all times? and why by princes, lords, and heroes when they can get them — blue, green, or red ? Simply for distinction, to attract attention. A RlBBONMAN. Recruiting ribbons show the colours of the clothing of the particular regiment for which the party is employed. We have red, white, and blue for a royal regiment, the red cloth, white lace, and blue facings : other corps have yellow, green, buff, black and purple ; in such cases no blue is em- ployed in the cockade and its streamers. Centueiok. Account of the Jubilee (Vol. xi., p. 13.), — An account of the celebration of the jubilee was printed in quarto by Mr. R. Jabet, proprietor of the Commercial Herald, Birmingham, either in the year 1809 or 1810; and bears as a frontis- piece a very excellent portrait of George III,, drawn and engraved by P. Egginton of Birming- ham. The volume consists of 203 pages ; and contains, according to the alphabetical order of the counties, accounts, in some instances copious, of the rejoicings upon this occasion in the various cities, towns, and villages in the kingdom. 1 should have stated, that the book begins with the celebration of the jubilee in the metropolis. The title-page states that the compilation was made by a lady, the wife of a naval officer. This was really the case. Her name was Davis, and she resided at Solihull, Warwickshire. The expenses of the work were defrayed by subscription, of which the book furnishes the names of nearly 350 subscribers. The profits were given to the Society for the Relief of Prisoners confined for Small Debts, The work is curious, and I know of no other similar account of this celebrated national rejoicing. From some knowledge of the family of the printer of the work, I think it may be stated that but few copies found their way to other persons than the subscribers, John Woddbrspoon. Norwich, True Cross, Relic of, in the Tower (Vol. xi., p, 12.). — I am enabled so far to enlighten J. A, D. on the above, as to inform him that I have seen a small piece of wood, with accompanying docu- ments attesting that it was a portion of the stump of the true Cross, and that it was formerly kept in the Tower of London among the jewels of King James I. I begged a splinter of this, and have it still ; set in a silver fiUagree cross, with crystal on both sides, in the form of a cross. It is more than thirty years since this occurred, but I re- member thinking the attestations very curious and worthy of credit. If I do not mistake, they accounted for the way in which the supposed relic was removed from the Tower, and came into the possession of the party who then held it. If I can obtain farther particulars, they shall be given ; but, at this distance of time, I almost de- spair of finding the person in whose hands the treasure then remained. F. C, Husenbeih. The last Jacobites (Vol. x., p. 507.)-— Valentine, Lord Cloncurry was a nobleman who was on very intimate terms with Cardinal York. Whether he was one who " indulged the hope of placing him upon the throne of Great Britain " or not, I, cannot say. But it looks suspicious, when we bear in mind that as a young man he joined, heart and soul, the anti-government party, was an United Irishman, became a member of the Executive- directory of the United Irish Society, wrote a pamphlet, and becoming an object of government 54 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 273. suspicion, was arrested in 1798, and examined several times before the privy council. A twelve- month later the government again arrested him, and kept him in the Tower for two years. In his autobiography, amongst some sketches of his visits to France and Italy, he thus speaks of the last of the Stuarts : " Amongst the prominent members of Roman society in those days was the last of the Stuarts, Cardinal York, with whom I became somewhat of a favourite, probably by virtue of addressing him as ' Majesty,' and thus going a step farther than the Dulie of Sussex, who was on familiar terms with him, and always applied to him the Style of Royal Highness Upon the occasion of my visit to Frascati, I presented the cardinal with a tele- scope, which he seemed to fancy, and received from him in return the large medal struck in honour of his acces- sion to his unsubstantial throne. Upon one side of this medal was the royal bust, with the cardinal's hat, and the words ' Henricus nonus Dei gratia rex ; ' and upon the other the arms of England, with the motto on the exergue, * Haud desideriis hominum, sed voluntate Dei.' " — Personal Recollections of the Life and Times, §*c. of Lord Cloncurry : Dublin, McGiashan. Cetrep. Druid's Circle (Vol. x., p. 524.). — In Rhodes's Peak Scenery it is said : "Near Middleton-by-Youlgrave we found the cele- brated Druidical monument of Arber-Low, one of the most striking remains of antiquity in any part of Derbyshire. This circle includes an area of from forty to fifty yards diameter, formed by a series of large unhewn stones, not standing upright, but all laid on the ground, with an inclination towards the centre : round these, the remains of a ditch, circumscribed by a high embankment, may be traced. Near the south entrance into this circle, there is a mount or burial-place ; in which some fragments of an urn, some half-burnt bones, and the horns of a stag were found." Your correspondent L. M. M. R. will observe the name is Arber-Low, not Arbelon, as stated in the Query. John Algor. Bishop Andrewes' Puns (Vol. ix., p. 350.). — The play upon words, so frequent in the sermons of that holy man, was the vice of the age. A few instances will, probably, suffice your correspon- dent: _ " Their anointing may dry up, or be wiped off ; and so kings be unchristed, cease to be Christi Domini." — Serm. III. on Gowrie's Conspiracy, p. 56. " The train ready, and the match ; they stayed but for the con, for the time, till all were con ; that is, simul sumpti, and then consumpti should have straight come upon all." — /6. Sermon IV. p. 266. Some curious particulars might be collected respecting quaint texts and sermons, such as that of the Dean of St. Stephen's, when Vienna was relieved by King John Sobieski of Poland (St. John i. 6.) ; and that of Dr. South before the Merchant Taylors' Company : " A remnant shall be saved," Romans ix, 27. ; and Dr. Gardiner's Sermon on Derbyshire. (Select, from Gent. Mag., vol. iii. p. 420.) Mackenzie WAiiCOTT, M.A. BolingbroJie's Advice to Swift (Vol. x., p. 346.). — " Nourrisser bien votre corps ; ne le fatiguer jamais ; laisser rouiller I'esprit, meuble inutil, votre outil dan- gereux ; laisser souper nos cloches le matin pour eveiller les chanoines, et pour faire dormir le doyen d'un sommeil doux et profond, qui lui procure de beaux songes ; levez- vous tard," &c. The mistakes in this quotation are all reducible to misprints. The verbs " nourrisser," " fatiguer," " laisser " (the imperative mood being intended) should terminate in z instead of r ; inutil should be inutile, and nos is a misprint for vos, unless it can be supposed that Bolingbroke meant to describe himself as one of the canons of St. Patrick's. The only difficulty is the word souper, where Bolingbroke is made to recommend that the bells should be allowed to have their supper, and that too in the morning. Mr. Ingleby suggests soupir, or, as better still, s'assoupir : but, in my opinion, neither is admissible. Laisser soupir is ob- viously incorrect : soupir is a noun, and laisser requires after it a verb in the infinitive mood. Soupirer (which was probably what Mr. Ingleby intended) would give us the bells performing the functions of " breathing " or " sighing." Again, as regards s'assoupir, to say laisser s'assoupir nos cloches would be to recommend that the bells should be kept motionless ; and in that state how could they eveiller les chanoines ? I have no doubt the word used by Bolingbroke was sonner, both because the variation from that word to souper is little more than the lengthening of the first stroke of the second n ; and also be- cause it is the only expression which will give us the effiict of awaking the canons : " Let your bells be rung in the morning, to awake the canons, and induce in the dean a sweet and profound sleep, accompanied by pleasing dreams ; rise late," &c. Henry H. Breen. St. Lucia. Old Almanacs (Vol. x., p. 522.). — Contemptu- ously as old almanacs have been spoken of, they are really most valuable helps to history, and a regular series of them is so rare, that I have never met with one of any early origin. The Museum, I think, does not possess even a tolerable one, and I hope that the Scotch series mentioned by your correspondent may be looked after and acquired for that national treasury. I myself have the good fortune to have completed a regular series of the French Almanachs Royaux, Nationaux, Jmpe- riaux, and Royaux, Nationaux, and Imperianx again, from 1700 ! inclusive to the present year, in all the various and very significant bindings of their respective times. I have heard that the late Duke of Angouleme had a similar collection com- plete to 1830, but that it was plundered and dis- persed at that revolution. I suppose, therefore, that my set is almost unique in private hands, at least in England. C. Jan. 20. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 55 Quotations of Plato and Aristotle (Vol. x., p. 125.). — The passage in Plato referred to by your correspondent H. P. will be found in his JSpinomis, vol. ii. p. 978., edit. Serrani. The fol- lowing extract from an analysis of this treatise, in Dr. Caesar Morgan's Investigation of the Trinity of Plato and of Philo Judceus, will I hope be ac- ceptable : "♦The God that gave number is the Heaven, who taught men the first principles of enumeration by the succession of day and night, the variations of the moon,' &c. The same method of instructing men in number is likewise mentioned in the Timceus. Philo also, adopting the same method of teaching, saj's, ' the stars were placed in heaven to answer many purposes,' &c." The nocti-diurnal rule of Scripture, and of various nations, respecting which inquiry has re- cently been made in " N. & Q.," is copiously illustrated by quotations and references in the Kev. Edward Greswell's Fasti Catholici et Indices Calendaricc, vol. i. pp. 130 — 236. : " In the allusions to the component parts of the wx^i- juepoi', which occur in Greek writers, it is observable that the idiomatic form of the allusion is invariably night and day, and day and night. We may infer from this fact that these two ideas were so associated in the minds of the Greeks, that they always presented themselves in this order; first night, and then day." — P. 167. To the specimens there given may be added the words of Plato, following those referred to by your correspondent : " no\Aa? fxti/ 5r) vu/cra? iroWa? 5e :^|acpas as ovpavo<; ouSeTrore froverat SiSaaxwi' a.vdpu>TiOVi iv re KaX Svo." BiBLIOTHECAR. ChETHAM. Work on the Reality of the Devil (Vol. xi., p. 12.).- "Semler. (1.) Untersuchung dcr damonischen Leute, Oder .sogenanten Besessenen : nebst Beantwortung einigen Angriflfe. Svo. Halle, 1762." " (2.) De Demoniacis, quorum in Evangeliis fit Mentio. 4to. Edition. 1779." These are the only works by Semler in the very copious list of his writings to be found in Kayser's Vollstdndiges BUcher- Lexicon, that treat directly on this subject ; although it is not unlikely that Semler may have written upon it in some of his miscellaneous treatises, or in the theological re- views of Germany. In Farmer's work on the Demoniacs of the New Test., there are some refer- ences to Semler. J. M. Antiquity of Swimming-helts (Vol. xi., p. 4.). — There are many examples in the Nineveh sculp- tures in the British Museum, which plainly prove that something like the swimming-belt was in common use at the time which they are meant to represent. I do not recollect whether there is a single figure, but there are many instances of several people together passing a river supported by inflated skins. ^ M. E. F. Jennens of Acton Place (Vol. xi., p. 10.). From the several inquiries which have appeared in " N. & Q.," it seems evident that an impression exists that some portion of William Jennens' large property remains undisposed of. This, however, i/^ is not the case. The pedigree (which is not cer- tified) may be seen in the Townsend Collection in the Heralds' College. I would send you a copy if I thought it of sufllcient interest to appear in your columns. John Jennens, of Birmingham, left a son, Humphrey Jennens, of Erding and Nether Whitacre in the county of Warwick, who, by Mary, daughter of John Mil ward, of Snitterton, CO. Derby, had issue (with other children) Charles Jennens, eldest son, from whom descends Earl Howe and Robert Jennens, the father of William Jennens of Acton Place. Also two daughters : Esther, who married William Hanmer, Esq. ; and Ann, who married Sir Clement Fisher, Bart., of Packington. From Esther descended William Lygon, Esq., afterwards Earl Beauchamp ; and from Ann descended Lady Mary Finch, born in 1716, and who married William, Viscount An- dover, William Jennens of Acton Place, by his will, simply devised his real estate to his wife for her life, leaving the reversion, as well as the whole of his personal estate, undisposed of. He appointed no executor, and on the 6th July, 1798, admini- stration, with the will annexed, was granted to " William Lygon, Esq., and the Right Honorable Mary, Viscountess Dowager Andover, the cousins- german once removed and next of kin of the said deceased." As next of kin, the personalty was shared between these parties ; while the real estate descended to the testator's heir-at-law, George Augustus William Curzon, and from him to his brother, the present Earl Howe. Q. D. Death-bed Superstition (Vol. xi., p. 7.). — I remember to have seen hanging up in the entrance of a relative's house at Clapham, many years ago, a large brass shallow dish, with a representation (cast in the metal) of Adam, Eve, the serpent, the Tree, &c. Inquiring the use of so curious-looking an article, I was told that such vessels were not uncommon in the houses of old families in Hert- fordshire, and it was generally placed, filled with salt, immediately after death, upon the breast of the deceased member of the family. Probably this has reference to the curious circumstance re- corded by W. N. T. It would be interesting to trace the origin of such observances. W. P. Holy-loaf Money (Vol. x., p. 488.). — Referring to Dr. Rock's corrections, I must observe, that when I asserted that the practice of distributing blessed bread was " the sole remnant of the obla- tions of the faithful," I alluded to those made during mass only, being quite aware of some others, which Dr. R. particularises. F. C. H. 56 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 273. " Ex quovis ligno non fit Mercurius " (Vol. x., pp. 447. 527.). — A printer's error unfortunately stultifies my communication on this subject. I wrote to show that the manufacturer of the note, which you quoted in reply to Mr. Fraser's Query, had mistaken the words of Erasmus him- self for an extract from Pliny, and never having taken the trouble of referring to the latter writer, had set them down as the result of independent research, though, like many other purloiners of other folks' goods, he was only leaving a certain clue for his detection and exposure. This was the "fashion" after which "the note-maker had blundered." Your printer, however, kind man! by substituting a colon for the full-stop after " Item Plinius libro decimo-sexto," and by placing the two succeeding periods, which form the pas- sage in question (" Quidam superstitiosus . . . artibus"), between inverted commas, has made me the sole blunderer : — in other words, making me show that the passage actually is an extract from Pliny, while the express object of my com- munication was to declare that it is not. A. Challsteth. Sonnet by Blanco White: Bacon (Vol. x., p. 311.). •' Scitissime dixit quidam Platonicus," &c. Has this quotation been traced to the original author, or does it remain to be discussed ? I find the same comparison as the one here quoted, and whi(!h is repeated in the Novum Organon, prajfat. : " Sensus enim instar Solis globi terrestris faciem aperit, coelestia claudit et obsignat." In Philo Judseus, Legum AUegorice, lib. ii. : " Itaque sensuum evigilantia mentis somnus est, mentis vero evigilantia somnus sensuum. Quemadmodum et sole oriente splendores aliarura stellarum obscuri sunt: occidente autem manifest! : sic solis plane in modum mens evigilans quidem inumbrat sensus : dormiens autem ipsos facit effulgere." I had written thus far when I looked into Wats's translation of Bacon's Advancement of Learning, where there is a reference, in loco, to Philo Judseus de Somniis. Neither are these " Night Thoughts," any more than the preceding, the same verbatim as Bacon's, to whom language was a virgula divinu, and — " Who needs no foil, but shines by his own proper light." BiBLIOTHECAB. CheTHAM. Cannon-ball Effects (Vol. x., p. 386.). — Apro- pos to my former inquiry on this subject, I here- with subjoin an illustrative extract, culled from the columns of this day's Edinburgh Ladies^ Journal : « 7%e Wind of a Cannon-hall. — The Salut Public of Lyons relates the following fact, which it points out to the attention of physiologists : — ' An officer of the French army, whom General de Martimprey had sent to make a reconnaissance in the neighbourhood of Sebastopol, was knocked down, not by a cannon-ball itself, but by the wind of it as it passed close to him. The commotion pro- duced was so intense that the tongue of the officer in- stantly contracted, so that he could not either put it out of his mouth or articulate a word. Having obtained leave of absence, he returned to Marseilles, where he underwent treatment by means of electricit3\ After the first few shocks the tongue began to move with more facility, but without his being able to speak. On the twelfth day he was subjected to an unusually violent shock, which produced the desired effect, and in a few minutes after the patient recovered his speech. He is now fully recovered, and expects to return to his post in a few days.' " David Forsyth. Edinburgh, Dec. 23, 1854. Praying to the Devil (Vol. v., pp. 273. 351.). — The infomous " Society of Blasters" was exposed in Dublin in 1738. One of its members, Peter Lens, a printer, in his examination, declared him- self a votary of the Devil ; and acknowledged having offered up prayers to him, and publicly drunk to his health. See speech of Earl Granard, Friday, March 10, 1737-8. I copy from a paper of the period. R. C. Warde. Kidderminster. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASK. Memoir of John Bkthonk, thb Scotch Pokt. By luB brother, Alex- ander Bethune , X .. T. i- il. iNTRODUcToav EssAv ON Enolish Histort, prefixed to Lives ot the statesmen of the Commonwealth," by John Forster, Esq. Longman &Co. 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Owing to the extent of iAe Index to the Tenth Volume, which haa rendered it necessary to infringe upon the present Number, we are com- veiled to omit several interesting articles which are in tifpe, our usual Notes on Books, and several Lists op Books Wanted. Inbez to VoLrMB THE Tenth. Finding many serious objections made to the division of our Index into two parts, we have resumed the original form, which we believe will be found m practice the most useful and the most satisfactory. Monthly Part fob January. Catalogues of Books, Bills, frc. to be stitched into the forthcoming Monthly Part must be sent in by Saturday next the nth instant. Eleven hundred copies are now required. A few complete sets of Notes and Queries. Vols. I. to X., are being made up, and will be ready next week, price Fite Gbinkas. For th^e early application is desirable. They may be liad by order of any Book- seller or Newsman. M. S. M. C. TTie beautiful poem " Like to the falling of a star. 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THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im- proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 273. PARISH SERMONS, BY THE REV. HARVEY GOODWIN. Three Vols. I2mo. FIRST SERIES (Second Edition) 6s. SECOND SERIES 63. THIRD SERIES (Just Published) 73. *«» The Volumes may be had separately. " Mr Harvey Goodwin's ' New Series of Parish Sermons ' has the same merits of brevity, force, and ereat simplicity, without baldness , which distinguished its predecessors. It is matter of conrratulation that such Sermons are preached in Cambridge with success, and that there is a steady demand for their publication. They are really good." _ Guardian. A By the same Author, GUIDE TO THE PARISH CHURCH. Demy^vo., cloth - - - - 3a. 6J. Cambridge: DEIGHTON, BELL, & CO. London: BELL & DALDY. PHOTOGRAPHIC DEFENCE FUND. At a Meeting held on the .'Jrd day of Ja- nuary. 1855. at BLAGROVE'S ROOMS, No. 71. Mjrtimer Street, Cavendish Square, London, tor tlie purpose of considering the present position of the PHOTOGRAPHIC ART in reference to the claims of MR. TAL- BOT, and the course which should be pursued by those who are interested in the Art. to sup- port the important verdict obtained in the action TALBOT v. LAROCHE, the following resolutions were unanimously agreed to : — "Thflt this Meeting views with feelings of deep regret, the attempt which MR. FOX TALBOT has made to embrace the Collodion process within the meaning of his Patent of 1841 ; such process being entirely different from, and superior to, the patented process. And that this Meeting entirely concurs in the justice of the verdict given by the jury in the action TALBOT v. LAROCHE, upon that head. " That, in the opinion of this Meeting, the prozress of the Photographic Art greatly de- pended upon the successful resistance of MR. FOX TALBOT'S claim to the Collodion pro- cess : and that it is desirable that all interested in the Art should assist MR. LAROCHE in defraying the necessary legal expenses which have been, or may be, incurred in defending such action. " That, in the opinion of this Meeting, a Committee should be formed for the purpose of collecting and receiving subscriptions, pursuant to the foregoing resolution, and generally car- rying out the wishes and objects of the Meet- ing : and that such Committee consist of the following Gentlemen, with power to add to their number : MATTHEW MARSHALL, ESQ., Treasurer. Bank of England. MR. HORNE, 123. Newgate Street. MR. LONG, 153. Fleet Street. MR. MAYALL, Regent Street. MR. REDMAN, 77. Comhill. MR. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings. MR. WOOD, 117. Cheapside. MR. THORNTHWAITE, Hon. Secretary, 123. Newgate Street. The Committee would urge upon all photo- graphers the necessity, not only of subscribing towards the fund themselves, but also to or- ganise Local Committees to further the common eaui-e. Subscriptions will be received by the Members of the Committee. Post-Office orders to be made payable to Matthew Marshall, £sQ., Bank of England. W. H. THORNTHWAITE, Hon. Sec. Just published, price 15s. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. Vol. XXII., Part V.,to complete the Science Part of this Volume, containing the following Articles : No. Xni. On the LIFTING POWER of the ELLCTRO-MAGNET. Part I. By the REV. T. R. RoBlNSO.V, D.D. No. XIV. On the CHEMICAL EXAMIN- ATION OF ANTIQUITIES, from the R. L A. Mu. ByJ. W. MALLEI', Ph. D. No. XV. On the PROPERTIES OF IN- EXTENSIBLE SURFACES. By the REV. JOHN II. JEL- LET r. No. XVI. On the ATTRACTION of EL- LIPSOIDS, with a New De- monstration of Clairaut's Theo- rem ; being an Account of the late Professor MacCuUagh's Lectures on those Subjects. Compiled bv GEORGE JOHN- STON ALLMAN, LL.D. No. XVn. NOTICE of the BRITISH EARTHQUAKE of Novem- ber 9. 1852. By ROBERT MALLET, ESQ., C.E. No. XVIII. NOTES on the METEORO- LOGY OF IRELAND, de- duced from the Observations made in the Year 1851, under the Direction of the Royal Irish Academy. Bythe REV. HUM- PHREY LLOYD, D. D. No. XIX. On the LIFTING POWER of the ELECTRO-MAGNET. Part II. Temperature Correc- tion ; Effects or Spirals and He- lices. By the REV. T. R. RO- BINSON. D.D. No. XX. SOME ACCOUNT of the MA- RINE B(JTANY of the CO- LONY OF WESTERN AUS- TRALIA. By W. H. HAR- VEY. M.D. Dublin : ACADEMY HOUSE, and HODGES « SMITH. 104. Giafton Street. London : T. fi W. BOONE. 29. New Bond Street ; and BARTHES & LOWELL, 114. Great Marl- borough Street. RARE, VALUABLE, and Im- portant COLLECTION of BOOKS; amongst which will be tound some of the Scarce Pieces by Hearne. on large paner. Illustrated Works, Black-letter and Early Printed Hooks, Missals, Horse, Breviaries, the best editions of the Historians, Poets, and Biographers ; and all marked at very low prices. A Catalogue will be sent by Post on receipt of Two Stamps to prepay it. UPHAM & BEET (late RODWELL), 46. New Bond Street (corner of Maddox Street). CBABB'S ENGLISH SYNONYMES TENTH EDITION. ENGLISH SYNONYMES EX- -.1 ?f"AINED; in Alphabetical Order: with Copious Illustrations and Examples, drawn from the best Writers. To which is ?,'y?'ijS" Index to the Words. By GEORGE CRABB, A.M. Tenth Edition. 8vo. 15s. cloth. London : SIMPKIN, MARSHATX, & CO. MILLER'S CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS for JANU- ARY. ia55, ready this Day, GRATIS TO BOOKBUYERS : containing a highly inter- esting Collection of Books in every Department of Literature. JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. FLY LEAVES, Antiquarian, Biographicol, Poetical, and Miscellane- ous. SECOND SERIES. Ready tliis Day, price 2s. Grf. JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM. One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6s. THE ETYMOLOGICAL COM- PENDIITM ; or, PORTFOLIO OF ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS : relating to Language, Literature, and Government. Architecture and Sculpture. Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Disco- veries. Articles of Dress, &c. Titles, Dignities, &c. Names, Trades, Professions. Parliament, Laws, &-c. Universities and Religious Sects. Epithets and Phrases. Remarkable Customs. Games, Field Sports. Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week. Remarkable Localities, &c. &c. By WILLIAM PULLEYN. The Third Edition, revised and improved. By MERTON A. THOMS, EhQ. " The additions to this book indicate the editor to be liis father's own son. He deals in folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular sayings, and has an eye to all things curious and note-worthy. The book tells everything." — Gentleman's Magazine. "The book contains avast amount of curious information and useful memoranda."— iiVc- rary Gazette. " An invaluable manual of amusement and information." — Morning Chronicle. " This is a work of great practical usefulness, 11 IS & H'ote.i and Queries mm\\'ia.t\ire. . . . The revision which the present editii m of it has undergone has greatly enhanced its original value." — Era. London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside. is. 6d. cloth. THE VICAR and his DUTIES : being Sketches of Clerical Life in a Ma- nufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A. " We sincerely thank Mr. Gatty for his in- teresting sketches." _ English Churchman. London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. Edinburgh : R. GRANT & SON. Printed by Thohas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London : and published by Gkoroi Bbll, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan ia the West, in the City of London, Fubliaher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid Saturday, January 20, 1855. NOTES AND QUEHIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUABIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. ** \inieii foand, make a note of." — Captain Cuttlk. No. 274.] Saturday, January 27. 1855. ( Price Foiirpence. t Stamped Edition, f^d. CONTENTS. Notes : — Pajc Arithmetical Notes, No. 1 ., by Professor De Morgan . . - - 57 John Buncle - - - - 38 Identification of Anonymous Books - 59 The Preliminaries of War, by Bolton Comey - - - - - 60 Dr. Routh. President of Magdalen Col- lege, by John Macray - - - 61 Minor Notes :_" Seventy-seven " — Clock Inscription _ Snn-dial Motto — Ancient TIsasesofthe Church —John- son and Swift — Lord Derby and Man- zoni — Vessels of Observation - - 61 QURRIFS : — Vaccination, by J. IT. Markland - 62 Selwyn of Friston, co. Sussex, by E.J. Sclwyn - - - - - 6.3 ■Curious Incident - - - - 63 MiKoR Qderifs : _ Heidelhers — The Sien of Griffiths the Publisher — Gilbert's "History of the City of Dublin " — Newspaper Cutting — Ri- ' chard Brayne, Braine, or Brain — Sir John Crosby _ Bishop Oldham— Arms of Sir .1. Russell — Distributing Money at Marriages — Gentleman hanged in LWO-fin — Ormonde Correggio — Churcliill Property — Bells heard by the drowned — Dean Smedley — Ge- lyan Bowers — Dial — Death of Dogs — "Verses— Psalm-siuging and the Non- conformists—"The Lay of the Scottisli Fiddle " — Heavenly Guides - - 64 Minor Queries with Answers : — Fairchild Lecture at St. Leonard's, Shorediteh — " Penelope's Webb " — Rev. Dr. Gosset — Winchester Dulce Domum and Tabula Legum Poedago- gicarum — Levinus Monk — Quotation — Waverlcy Novels - - - 66 Bepmks : — Prussic Acid as Blood, or Bull's Blood as Poison, by F. .T. Ijeachman. B. A. - 67 Prophecies respecting Constantinople, by William Bates - - - 67 The Schoolmen - - - - 70 Green Eyes, by A. Challsteth - - 70 PHnTOGnAPHir CoRRESPOXDEXCK :— Dr. Mansell's Process — Mr. Thompson's Copies of the Raphael Drawings— Tal- bot V. Laroche — Hillotype - - 71 Eepliesto Minor Queries: — Sir Bevil Grenville— Anecdote of Canning — Biblical Question— The Episcopal Wig — James II. 's AVritings — Canons of York — Rose of Sliaron = Jericho Flminent Men born in the same Year Murray of Broughton— Knights of St. John of Jerusalem — Charles I. and his Relics — Kpigram in a Bible — Autho- rity of Aristotle — Farrant's Anthem — Well Chapel — " Condendaque I.ex- ica," &c. — Rhymes connected with Places — Poetical Tavern Signs, &c. - "1 &T1SCEL1.ANEOU8 ; — Notes on Books, &c. - - - 75 Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. Notices to Correspondents. Vol. XL— No. 274. WHITELOCKE'.S EMBASSY TO SWEDEN. On Saturday next will be published, in 2 vols. 8vo. \ JOURNAL of the EMBASSY J\ in 1653 and 165). from the COMMON- WEALTH of ENGLAND to QUEEN CHRISTINA of S WKDEN. Written bv the LORD COMMIS.SIONEK WHITKLOCKE. A New Edition, revised by HENRY REEVE, ESQ., F.S.A. London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. Just published, in post 8ro., price 9». 6d. LITERARY REMAINS OF HENRY FYNES CLINTON, M.A.. Author of the " Fasti Hellenici " and " Fasti Romani : " comprising liis Autobiography and Literary Journal, and brief Theological Essays. Edited by the REV. C. J. FYNES CLINTON, M.A. " There is a peculiar charm about this book, arising from the individuality and beautiful simplicity of the character of the man who is its subject, and the qu»int wny in which it liresents that character for study. The editor has done his pan most gracefully in the selec- tion of passages from his brother's journal ; and we do not know that we could noint to a more beau'iful illustration than this memoir presents of the pure life of a scholar of the nineteenth century." _ Examiner. London : LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. rri Just published. New and Cheaper Edition, price 1.?. ; or by Post for is. 6d. •HE SCIENCE OF LIFE; or, I How to Live and What to Live for ; with ample Rules fr Diet, Regimen, and Self- Management ; togetlier with instructions for securing health, longevity, and that sterling happiness only attainable through the judi- cious observance of a well-regulated course of life. By A PHYSICIAN. London : PIPER, BROTHERS & CO., 23. Pa- ternoster Row ; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street ; MANN, 39, CornluU ; and all Book- sellers. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. Now ready. Fourth Edition, REVISED THROUGHOUT.in crown 4to., price 17. lis. cloth lettered, LIDDELL & SCOTT'S GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON. Just published, in 3 vols. 8vo. cloth lettered, price 21s. HOMERI ODYSSEA ex recognitione GUL. DIN'DORFII cum SCHOLIA GRiECA ex Codicibus aucta et emendata. Textus, 1 vol. cloth lettered, 5s. 6d. Scholia, 2 vols, ditto, 15«. 6d. Oxonii, e Typographeo Academico. Fold by J. H. PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London ; and GARDNER, 7. Paternoster Row. In 8vo., price \i. ; by Post, Is. id. CONVOCATION: REMARKS \j ON THE CHARGE RECENTLY DELIVERED BY THE LORD BISHOP OF OXFORD. By the REV. S. R. MAIT- LAND, D.D.. sometime Librarian to the late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth. RIVINGTONS, 'Waterloo Place. NEW MEMBERS. — Now ready. MR. DOD'S PARLIA- MENTARY COMPANION for 1855 (Twenty-third Year) contains THIRTY- FIVE NEW MEMBERS, and all the New Promotions in Army and Navy. WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane, and all Booksellers. TO BOOK COLLECTORS.— Just published, for Janunrv, 1855, T. MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of SECOND- HAND BOOKS ; being a portion of 20,000 ; Volumes. Gratis and Post Free. *«* Libraries Purchased or Exchanged. On Sale : — Nash's Mansions, 8 Guineas ; ! Magistrates' Statutes, 1835 to 1852, 5 Guineas : \ D'Oyly and Mants' Bible, 3/. ; Waverlcv Novels. 18 Vols., half-calf gilt, 7 Guineas": Abbotsford Edition, 12 Vols., new calf extra, 10 Guineas, &c. 70. NEWGATE STREET, LONDON. This Day, the first volume, octavo, 12s. i HISTORY OF ENGLAND l\. DURING THE REIGN OF GEORGE I THE THIRD. By WILLIAM MASSE Y, j M.P. I London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON, i West Strand. This Day is published, in 8vo., with Blap, Us. THE DRUSES OF THE LE- BAN<1N ; their Manners, Customs, and History. With a Translation of their Re- ligious Code. By GEORGE WASHINGTON CU ASSEAUD, late of Beyrout, Syria. " A volume of remarkable interest. Mr. Chasseaud was principally attracted by the Druse population of Anti-Libanus, and learned early to appreciate their feelings, to inquire into their opinions, and to ponder over their romantic history. To him no scenes are more familiar than the Plains of Promise." — From the A thenceum. London : RICH.VRD BENTLEY, Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty. T UCRETIUS' BOOK OF tU NATURE. By DR. JOHN MASON GOOD. 2 Vols. 4to., Plates, l,i J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. B. Bishop, J. Hlew- itt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Ilass^, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, O. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. I.effler. E. J. Ix)der, W. H. Montgomery, S.Nelson, O.A.Osborne, John Parry ,H. Panot ka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. Rockel, Siras Reeves, J. Templeton, F. We- ber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright,^' &c. D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Desiorns Gratis. FREE TRADE IN BOOKS.— 4. COPTHAIiL BUILDINGS, Moor- gate Street. _ S. & T. GILBERT beg respect- fully to inform the Public, that they supply all Books, Magazines, Reviews, Periodicals, Al- miinucs. Pocket-books, and Diaries, published at Is. and upwards, at a reduction of 2rf. in the Shilling, for Cosh. Country Orders executed en the same terms, and delivered on the fol- lowing morning, at a charge for Postage of dd. for each pound, or fraction of a pound weight. School and Export Orders promptly attended to. Please note the Address : S. s T. GILBERT, Booksellers, 4. Copthall Buildings, Moorgate Street. Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 57 LONDON. SATURDAY, JANUARY 27, 1855. ARITHMETICAL NOTES, NO. I. BoswelVs Arithmetic (Vol. x., pp. 363. 471.). — Could any correspondent, who knows the neigh- bourhood of Lichfield, tell me what was, and what is, the common mode of measuring fence work in that part of the country ? Francis Walkingame (Vol. v., p. 441.). — The Query there made has never received any answer. This writer, whose editors do not agree within twenty as to the number of the editions, is wholly unknown. There must be some grandson or great-nephew who could give a little information. A friend has recently presented me with an earlier edition than any I had ever seen ; it is " the tenth edition with several additions," printed for the author, London, duodecimo in threes. The date is 177 [2 i*] in the print, but the last figure has been neatly erased both in the title and preface, and a written I has been supplied. The author calls himself writing-master and accomptant; from the preface it appears that he kept a school, and from an advertisement that he taught writing and arithmetic abroad. He lived in Great Rus- sell Street, Bloomsbury. We may suppose that the work appeared before 1760 ; the author affirms that it was (1771) established in almost every school of eminence throughout the kingdom. William Milns. — He is mentioned in my Arith- metical Books (p. 80.) as author of a work on arithmetic published at New York in 1797, the preface of which shows him to have been at St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Join this to the following anecdote given by William Seward : " A gentleman born at Salonica in Turkey, when he was at St. Mary Hall in Oxford, as a gentleman-com- moner, was verj' kind to a worthy young man, whose circumstances obliged him to be a servitor of the college. The servitor taking orders had some preferment in America given him by his friend's recommendation. On the breaking out of the war he was accidentally informed that the estates of his benefactor were to be confiscated, as supposed to belong to a British subject. On this he took horse immediately, and proved to the Assembly that his friend was not a British subject." Edward Cocker. — In my Arithmetical Books I have sufficiently shown that the great work, the English Bareme, was probably a forgery by John Hawkins, under the name of Cocker. This Hawkins published in succession Cocher's Arith- metic, Decimal Arithmetic, and English Dictionary. For the circumstances which indicate forgery, I must refer to the work above cited, to which I now make the following additions. Cocker died between 1671 and 1675. By the inscriptions under his portraits he was born in 1632. He was a writing-master and engraver, of writing at least. He is said to have published fourteen engraved copy-books. At the end of one of the almanacs for 1688 is advertised, as a reprint. Cocker's Pen's Transcendency. Evelyn (cited by Granger) mentions him and three others as comparable to the Italians both for letters and flourishes. His genuine work on arithmetic, pub- lished during his life, before 1664, is the Tutor to Writing and Arithmetic, which I suspect to have been an engraved book of writing copies and arithmetical examples. Some of his works are in the Museum. (Penny Cycl., " Cocker.") It seems that as soon as the breath was out of Cocker's body, this John Hawkins constituted himself his editor and continuer. Hawkins began by reprinting an undoubted work of Cocker, with a preface signed J. H. : " The Young Clerk's Tutor Enlarged : Being a most useful Collection of the best Presidents of Recognizances, Obligations, Conditions, Acquittances, Bills of Sale, War- rants of Attorney, &c. ... To which is annexed, several of the best Copies both Court and Chancery- Hand now extant. By Edward Cocker. Ex studiis N. de Latibulo 90\.ov6^av. The eighth edition." London, 1675, 8vo. The goodness of Cocker's alleged work on arith- metic lies chiefly in this : of all the small and cheap school-books of the time, it is the one which adopts the now universal mode of performing division, to the exclusion of the older method, in which figures are written down and scratched out. In its explanations it is inferior to many of the works which it Supplanted. When did the name of Cocker become a pro- verbial representative of arithmetic? Can any one carry this higher than the year 1756 ? In that year appeared the farce of The Apprentice., in which the old merchant's strong point is the recommendation of Cocker's Arithmetic, " the best book that ever was written," to the young tra- gedian, his son. Arthur Murphy had evidently been looking up the names of arithmeticians ; the old man who reverences Cocker is called Wingate, the name of a writer second only to Cocker in the number of his editions. Is it to this farce that Cocker owes his position ? If Murphy had hap- pened to call his old citizen Cocker, and make him recommend Wingate's book, would the two have changed places ? These are questions which may have to be answered affirmatively, if no one can establish a usage prior to 1756. Any one who took the trouble might make a curious list of extracts in which dramatists and novelists have exposed the want of sufficient tech- nical knowledge to represent the characters they intended. Both Wingate and Cocker would have been shocked to hear the Wingate of the farce (who is obviously intended for a keen mercantile arithmetician) going on thus : " Five-eighths of three-sixteenths of a pound ! mul- tiply the numerator by the denominator! five times six- 58 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. teen is ten times eight, ten times eight is eighty, and — a — a — carry one. \_Exit.'\ " The latest numbered edition of Cocker I have met with is called the 55th, hy Geo. Fisher, London, 1758, 12mo. Rather too scientific. — The piece broken off from a mass of saltpetre, to test it, was called the refraction ; and this word passed into a technical term for the pcr-centage of foreign matter found by common chemistry. A scientific journal took it that the goodness of saltpetre was measured by its refraction of the rays of light, and undertook to add that the less the angle of refraction the better the quality of the salt. Arithmetical Scale. — I know of but two at- tempts to alter our arithmetical scale altogether. Perhaps others can bring forward more. " Tlie Pancronometer, or universal Georgian Calendar . . . and the Reasons, Rules, and Uses of Octave Com- putation, or Natural Arithmetic. By H, J. London, 1753, 4to." The word Georgian looks so like Gregorian, that probably many |)ersons passed the book over as one of those which the change of style produced by the score. The author's system of arithmetic is that in which local meaning proceeds by eights : thus 10 stands for eight, 100 for eight eights, &c. He has a mania for the comparative and super- lative terminations. His leading denominations are units, ers (eights), ests, thousets, thouseters, thousetests, millets, milleters, &c. He calls the square of a number its power, and the cube — by an oversigljt, not the powe.vi but — the poweres^. Eight feet make a feete?*, eight feeter.v a feetei/, eight pounds make a pounder, &c. If the crotchet which possessed this unfortunate H. J. were to return with seven others as bad as itself, thus, and thus only, would this crotchet of a system, as itself tells us, be made a crotcheter. But, strange as H. J. may appear, there is a stranger, not meaning eight, but only one. " Calcolo decidozzinale del Barone Silvio Ferrari . . . . dedicato alia natione Inglese." Torino, 1854, 4to. This work has probably been suggested by the discussions on the decimal coinage. The s^ystem is duoiiecimal. The author goes farther than H. J., for he takes old words under new meanings. Thus 10 is called ten, but means twelve; 100 is called a hundred, but means twelve twelves. Of course I translate the Italian into English. New names and symbols are wanted for old ten and old eleven (which now mean twelve and thirteen). They are hnppa, denoted by a sign like w, and pendo, derived from pendulum, with a symbol like 6 turned left side right. Thus what we call twenty-four is twenty, what wo call a hundred and twenty is kappatij (ten twelves). What we call twenty-three is ten-pendo (twelve and eleven). The year of grace now commencing is one thou- sand and kappaty seven, 10w7 ; 1000 meaning 1728, wO meaning 120, and 7 being unchanged": and a happy new year it would be if we had to commence it with this new reckoning. We should pay money at the door of a show to see a man with ten fingers ; and it would seem very strange, in a philological point of view, that, after the traitor had hanged liimself, the number of apostles left should be designated by pendo. The author dedicates his work to our country. His system, he says, — " Abbisogna di mettere le prime sue radici in nn ter~ reno vergine, in cui non abbia a perire oppresso dall' ombra delta rigogliosa pianta decimale." This means that our persistence in refusing to de- cimalise our coinage, weights, and measures, is enough to make any one think we are open to an offer to rid us of the decimal numeration alto- gether. A. De Morgan. JOHN BCNCLE. On looking over a collection of old letters, I found several from T. Amory (John Buncle), and very curious ones they are. I send you a copy of one, which you may perhaps think worth preservirtg in your entertaining and instructing pages. C. DE D. " My dear Miss , " I send you a curious paper for a few minutes' amuse- ment to you and the ladies with you. It was written above thirty years ago. Perhaps you may have seen it in the magazines, where I put it; but the history of it was never known till now that I lay it before you. I am. Miss , Your faithful, humble servant, Amouri. " July 8, '73, Newton Hall. "A Song In praise of 3Iiss Rowe, Written one night extempore by a club of gentlemen in the count}' of Tipperary in Ireland. It was agreed that each member should, oflT-hand, write four lines, and they produced the following verses : 1. " A whimsical pain has just caught me, Much worse than the gout in my toe ; What damsel on earth could have taught me To love, but enchanting Moll Rowe ? yVritten hy Sir Harry Clayton. 2. " When chatting, or walking, or drinking, No person or subject I know; For all my whole power of thinking's Employ 'd about sweet Molly Rowe. By John 31acklin, Esq. 3. " Some people love hunting and sporting, And chace a stout buck or a doe, Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 59 But the game I am fond of is courting A smile, from my dear Molly Rowe. By Thovias Dundon, Esq. 4. " In the dance, through the couples a scudding, How graceful and light does she go I No Englishman ever lov'd pudding As 1 love my sweet Molly Kowe. By Mr. T. Amory. 5. " In the dumps, when my friend says, 'How goes it? ' I answer him surly, ' So, so.' I'm sad, and I care not who knows it ; I suffer from charming Moll Rowe. By William Bingham, Esq. C. " The' formerlj- 1 was a sloven, For her I will turn a great beau ; I'll buy a green coat to make love in, And dress at my tempting Moll Rowe. By John O'Bourhe, Esq. 7. " She's witty, she's lovely and airj', Her bright eyes as black as a sloe ; Sweet's the county of sweet Tipperary, The sweetest nymph in it's Moll Kowe. By Oliever St. George, Esq. 8. ■ " So great and so true is my passion, I kindle just like fire and tow; Who's the pearl of the whole Irish nation ? Arra ! who should it be but Moll Rowe ? By Popham, Stevens, Esq. 9. " Your shafts I have stood, Mr. Cupid, And oft cry'd, ' A fig for your bow : ' But the man who escapes must be stupid. When you shoot from the eyes of Moll Rowe. By Thomas Mollinetix, Esq. 10. " Come, fill up in bumpers your glasses, And let the brown bowl overflow ; Here's a health to the brightest of lasses, The queen of all toasts, ]\Iolly Rowe. By Thomas Butler, Esq. " Xota bene. — When by our mutual contributions we had finished our song, we all drank bumpers to Miss Rowe's health, and sang the last verse in grand chorus. " I do not remember, in all my reading or acquaintance, that such a thing was ever done before, and, perhaps, will never be again. " All the composers of this song (except Amory) and Miss Rowe are now in the grave. Here I am, round and sound, by the order of Providence, for some of God's adorable decrees. "Newton in Yorkshire, July th'8, 1773." IDENTIFICATION OF ANONYMOUS BOOKS. By one of those coincidences which are often so suggestive, it has happened that shortly after reading your address on the commencement of the Eleventh Volume, I have had occasion to refer to Mr. Bogue's useful but imperfect little volume, Men of the Time. In doing so I was reminded of what has been objected to it as a defect, the number of " unknown " names which it contains, by which I mean names of men active and influ- ential in their generation, but to a great part of that generation almost unknown — the writers on the public press. Writers of this class are too much disregarded by their cotemporaries, and too soon forgotten by their successors ; and the con- sequence is, that of no body of men have we so little knowledge as of political writers. What would we not give for a succession of volumes of Men of the Time, say from the commencement of the last century, or even from 1760? What a flood of light might occasionally be thrown upon an obscure page of history by a knowledge, not only of what was written upon that subject, but of those by whom it had been written. If we cannot now hope to discover all that we desire to know, we may yet do something to supply that deficiency. Let no reader of " N. & Q." think any fact tliat bears upon this subject — any hint of authorship, or any discovery of this kind, in any out of the way corner of his reading — too insignificant to be recorded, but throw it as a mite into the common treasury. More especially, let him not dis- regard any scrap of information tending to identify the author of any pamphlet. It may be a link in a chain of evidence the most important. What might not Mb. Crossley, Mb. Cobney, Mr. Cunningham, Db. Maitland, and many other of your recognised correspondents, furnish in this manner ; to say nothing of Mr. , Mr, , and Mr. , whose pens it is not difljcult to recog- nise* in your columns without their signatures, and to whom the men of the last century are as familiar as household words. Pray, Mr. Editor, excuse this suggestion, hastily thrown out and im- perfectly developed. Open your columns to this important subject, and, my word for it, generations yet imborn will thank me for the suggestion, and " N. & Q." for having adopted and carried it out. Anon. [If we rightly understand the object of our corre- spondent, viz., that we should invite contributions of all facts which serve to identify the authors of political pamph- lets, we readily accede to his proposal. But we desire to do far more. We would not confine ourselves either to the period or class of works to which our correspondent alludes. VVe hope every reader of " N. & Q." who can identify the author of any anonymous work upon any subject will record his discovery in our columns as a contribution towards that great desideratum in English literature, a Dictionary of Anonymous Books. We may take this opportunity of stating that we have * We have struck out the names given by our cor- respondent for the very obvious reason, that if he be right in his conjectures there can be no necessity for disturbing the incognito of the gentlemen to whom he alludes ; while the doing so would be a manifest discourtesv. — Ed. "N.&Q." 60 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. a measure in contemplation, somewhat in connexion with this proposal, which, if we are enabled to carry it out effectually, will give a feature of new and increasing in- terest to our pages. — Ed. " N. & Q."] THE PBELIMINABIES OF WAR. " Beware Of entrance to a quarrel ; hvf, being in, Bear it that the opposer may beware of thee." Shakspeare. The preliminaries of peace is a phrase with which most persons are familiar, and many must remember when the reports of such proceedings — when notes and conferences, propositions and counter-propositions — were the objects of con- stant and earnest discussion. The preliminaries of war seems to be a new phrase, and to deserve a place in the vocabularies of diplomacy. It would serve to indicate the cir- cumstances which chiefly require the consideration of sovereigns and statesmen previous to the de- claration of war. The subject may be rather out of date at this moment ; but while some are intent on passing events, others may choose to glance at affairs retrospectively. A just cause, and a just appreciation of the force with which we have to contend, as com- pared with our own resources and expectations, should be considered as the indispensable prelimi- naries of war. The first circumstance would carry with it a partial consolation for the evils and miseries which war produces, and the second would give us some assurance of the probability of its successful termination. The expediency of the war now in progress is a political question, and therefore unsuited to the publication in which this appears : it is neither a question of facts nor figures, but a labyrinth of arguments. An estimate of the force with which we have to contend is a more tangible subject, and I need not conceal that the notes thereon about to be transcribed are assumed to be of con- siderable importance. " Les forces de terre [de la Russie] sont estimees k un million d'hommes armes, y compris I'armee polonaise de 50,000 hommes. Mais sur cette masse de troupes, on n'en compte qu'un peu plus de 700,000 de parfaiteraent regu- liferes, et 48,000 de troupes d'elite formant la garde. Si I'on considferel'etendue des frontiferes du cote de I'Europe, les distances et les points susceptibles d'etre attaques, enfin la population de I'empire, on ne trouvera pas cet ^tat militaire plus fort que celui des autres monarchies continentales. Mais le projet de transformer peu k peu la population agricole des domaines de la couronne en une milice permanente, organis^e k la manifere des Kosaques sous le nom de colonies militaires [systeme aujourd'hui bien ^tabli], donnerait k la Russie une force armee pour ainsi dire illimitee." — Conrad Malte-Brun, 1826. " Les statisticiens et les g^ographes les plus distingues donnent les evaluations les plus disparates sur I'armee de I'empire Russe. — Mais les faits positifs et les raisonnemens de M. Schnitzler, dans sa statistique de I'empire Russe, nous ont engage k faire de nouvelles recherches ; leur r^- sultat nous a prouve la justesse des calculs de ce statisti- cien, et nous n'hesitons pas k les admettre dans le tableau en reduisant le cadre de I'armee russe sur le pied de paix, k la fin de 1826, k 670,000 hommes; encore ferons-nous observer avec M. Schnitzler que ce nombre doit etre re- gard^ k cette epoque plutot comme nominal qa'effectif." — Adrien Balbi, 1844. *' Le courage du soldat russe n'est pas impetueux comme celui du soldat fran9ais ; c'est, si je puis m'exprimer ainsi, un courage de resignation, et celui des recrues est peut- etre sup^rieur k celui des anciens soldats, mais ces derniers sont preferables, parce qu'ils savent mieux leur metier." — Le marquis de Chambray, 1823. "Les Kosaques s;jnt d'une vigilance extreme, mais lis ne font point consister leur gloire k braver le danger ; ils n'attaquent qu'avec une grande superiorite de forces, et se retirent k I'instant si I'on fait bonne contenance ; ils craignent beaucoup le feu, et ne s'y exposent jamais volon- tairement : leur principal but etant de faire du butin, et les bagages de I'armee en contenant de tres-pr^cieux, ils redoublaient d'activite." — Le marquis de Chambray, 1823. "Cequi nous frappait sur tout [a Sevastopol], c'^tait de voir ces memes soldats, tour k tour terrassiers, char- pentiers, forgerons et ma90ns, accomplir k merveille toutes ces taches si diverses. — Ajoutons que le soldat russe est non-seulement uri habile artisan, mais encore un ouvrier docile par caractfere, respectueux sans bassesse, adroit et actif sans forfanterie." — Anatole de Demidoff, 1840. " Ce grand spectacle guerrier de Vosnessensk, dont j'^tais assez heureux pour admirer de si prfes tons les details, devait naturellement me trouver tout rempli de respect et d'attention. Certes ce n'etait pas un interet vulgaire qui m'avait conduit dans cette ville de soldats, et, aprfes le premier etonnement, je n'eus rien de plus presse que de me rendre compte de ces forces terribles, surtout de cette cavalerie formidable, qui n'a pas son egale dans le monde. C'est pourtant k ^institution des colonies militaires qu'il faut demander le secret de ces resultats admirables; de Ik est sortie cette arm^e impo- sante. Le nombre, la discipline, le bien-etre des hommes, la rare beaute des chevaux, et jusqu'a I'air martial de ces escadrons, tout proclame les heureux eflFets de ce systfeme et son incontestable superiorite." — Anatole de Demidoff, 1840. " On courre la poste en France et en Angleterre, mais en Russie on vole, surtout dans le gouvernement de la nou- velle Russie. Je partis a huit heures et demie du matin de Nicolaief, et k midi un quart j'avais parcouru soixante verstes, et j'etais aux portes de Cherson." — Le baron de Reuilly, 1806. While thus reviewing the vast power in array against us, and reflecting on some oversights, and marks of public disappointment, I give no place to dismay. The only remedy is prompt and in- creased exertion — more officers — ■ more soldiers — more excavators — more ammunition — more supplies of every description. The skill and activity of the commanders in this conflict — the bravery and patient endurance of the troops and seamen — a rapid succession of unsurpassed victories — are the themes of admir- ation with all manly and candid minds. In one particular only there seems to have been a re- laxation of discipline, and on that essential point I presume to transcribe a word of advice : " Among the many precautions to which a commander Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 61 should attend, the first is that of observing secrecy" — POLYKIUS. "The commander of the Forces — has frequently la- mented the ignorance which has appeared in the opinions communicated in letters written from the army, and the indiscretion with which those letters are published." — Sir Arthur Wellesley, K.B. Celorico, 1810. Bolton Cornet. DR. ROUTH, PRESIDENT OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE. In tbe very interesting and ably drawn up account of Dr. Routb, said to bave been written by a Fellow of Magdalen, and wbicb appeared in The Times, no mention was made of tbe Presi- dent's first publication, tbe Euthydemus and Gor- gias of Plato; and tbe omission was soon after noticed by a correspondent of llie Times, wbo wrote from Cambridge ; but wbo was in error in placing tbe date of tbe Dialogues in 1774, instead of 1784, wbicb is tbe true date. In connexion witb Dr. Routb, and as a sligbt contribution both to biograpby and bibliography, I send you the following quotations ; the first from Moss's Manual of Classical Bibliography (London, 1825) : " After reading through the heavy and barren list of editions of the Dialogues, published separately, I am at last arrived at the first specimen of classical editorship, which my venerable, pious, and highly esteemed friend, the learned President of Magdalen College, Oxford, pre- sented to the world. (Oxon, 8vo., 1784.) That such and so highly appreciated presents are so seldom to be met with, is to every scholar a subject of regret. The Latin version is by the editor, in which he appears rather to have aimed at perspicuity and brevity, united with a correct interpretation of his author ; yet, nevertheless, we often meet with elegancies. Of the materials em- ployed by Dr. Routh, in the compilation of this edi- tion, I shall present my reader -with the detail given by Findeisen in his edition of the Georgias : — ' Routhii viri doctiss. egregium opus,' &c For far- ther information, I refer my readers to the brief but eloquent character of Dr. Routh, drawn up by my late lamented friend Dr. Parr, in his Characters of C. J. Fox, vol. ii. ; who, by the long and intimate acquaintance which subsisted between Iiim and the President, Avas duly able to discern and estimate that character, the virtues and accomplishments of Avhich he has so pleas- ingly pourtrayed; to the Preface of Findeisen; to the Critical Review for July, 1785, pp. 45 — 51. ; Fabricii Bibl. Graca., torn. iii. p. 135., edit. Harless ; Dibdin's hitrod., vol. ii. p. 137.; Brunet, Manuel de Libraire." — Moss, vol. ii. p. 434. The next extract is from Dr. Parr, in reply to the accusations of Gibbon against Oxford in general, and Magdalen College in particular : " Dr. Home was a monk of Magdalen [a contemptuous expression made use of by Gibbon], but he composed several volumes of sermons, to which Mr. Gibbon will not refuse the praise of ingenuity ; and he also drew up a Commentary on the Psalms, for nobler purposes than the amusement of scholars or the confutation of critics. Dr. Chandler is a monk of Magdalen. 13ut he has published Travels into Greece and Asia Minor, which have been well received in the learned world ; and, with great credit to himself, he has republished the Marmora Oxoniensia. Dr. Routh is a monk of Magdalen. But he is now en- gaged in a work of great difficulty, and of great use, for which he is peculiarly qualified by his profound know- ledge of the tenets and the language of the earlier fathers in the Christian Church; and long before the death of Mr. Gibbon, this very monk had sent forth an edition of Two Dialogues in Plato : an edition which, in common with many of my countrymen, I have myself read with instruction and with delight ; an edition which the first scholars on the Continent have praised ; which Charles Burney 'loves,' and which even Richard Porson 'en- dures.'"— Spital Sermon, notes, p. 128., London, 1801. I am informed, by a late Fellow of Magdalen, that the first scholars of Germany still continue to speak in terms of high praise of Dr. Routh's Two Dialogues of Plato. It is with deep feelings of gratitude for great kindness experienced from Dr. Routh, and of veneration for tbe character of one, wbo, even at a comparatively early period of life, seems to have inspired all wbo approached him with feelings of veneration, that I send these few hasty memoranda to the Editor of " N. & Q." John Macray. Oxford. " Seventy-seven." — I lately asked an " old in- habitant " his age ; and he answered, with a smile at his own bit of humour : " Why, Sir, I belong to the sevens ; born in the three sevens (1777), I must this year (1854) of course confess to the two sevens (77)." Another century must elapse before this reply can be given, after the year which has just expired. N. L. T. Clock Inscription. — Under tbe clock in front of the Town Hall in the town of Bala, Merioneth- shire, North Wales, is tbe following inscription : " Here 1 stand both day and night. To tell the hours with all rax might ; Do you example take by me, And serve thy God as I serve thee." H.J. Handsworth. Sun-dial Motto. — One at Hebden Bridge, Yorkshire : " Quod petis, umbra est." John Scribe. Ancient Usages of the Church (Vol. ix. passim). — There was, a few years ago, and probably still exists, in the parish church of Yeovil, a practice of singing, or rather saying, after the Gospel, words which incidentally themselves perhaps refer to an- other more ancient custom. The words, thus said or sung by the parish clerk, were these : " Thanks be to God for the Light of His Holy Gospel." J.J. Johnson and Swift. — Johnson's prejudice against Swift is visible in many passages in Boswell. That in which he declared " Swift is clear, but he is 62 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. shallow" (Croker's ed. 1847, p. 277.)> is curiously illustrated by the following characteristic anec- dote, which I have just disinterred from the Town and Country Magazine for Sept. 1769. Dr. Johnson, being one evening in company with some of the first-rate literati of the age, the conversation turned chiefly upon the posthumous volumes of Swift, which had not been long pub- lished. After having sat a good while collected in himself, and looking as if he thought himself prodigiously superior in point of erudition to his companions, he roundly asserted in his rough way that " Swift was a shallow fellow ; a very shallow fellow." The ingenious Mr. Sheridan, not relish- ing so despotic an assertion, and in his opinion so false a one, as he almost venerated the Dean of St. Patrick's literary talents, replied, warmly but modestly, " Pardon me, Sir, for differing from you, but I always thought the Dean a very clear writer." To this modest reply the following la- conic answer was immediately vociferated, " All shallows are clear ! " M. N. S. Lord Derby and Manzoni. — While Lord Derby's quotations are a matter of interest, let me recall attention to one which he made in a speech on the death of the Duke of Wellington. It was, re- markably enough, taken from Manzoni's Ode on the Death of Napoleon* " Ov'e silenzio e tenebre La gloria clie passb." But where was the speech made ? I cannot now recall, and should be thankful to any one who would inform me, and say how I may obtain a copy. I do not find the quotation in his speeches in the House, and believe it was made in one spoken at some public dinner. The Classics have for so long a time usurped the foremost place as subjects for quotation, that it was delightful to find so great a man as Lord Derby breaking through conventional rules and doing honour to the beauties of the Italian muse ! Hebmes. Vessels of Observation. — Vegetlus (de re Mil,, iv. 37.) has the following : " Ne candore prodantur, colore Veneto, qui marinis est iiuctibus similis, vela tinguntur et funes: cera etiam qua unguere sclent naves, inficitur : nauta; quoque vel milites Venetam vestem induunt, ut non solum per noctem, sed etiam per diem facilius lateant explorantes." Is this the origin of our Blue-jackets ? And would our present Board of Admiralty pooh-pooh the introduction of blue or sea-green sails ? Young Verdant. * // Cinque Maggio. caucriciS. VACCINATION. In the interesting Journal of John Byrom, F. R. S., one of the latest publications of the Chetham Society*, he states, under the date of June 3rd, 1725, that — " At a meeting of the Royal Society, Sir Isaac Xewton presiding, Dr. Jurin f read a case of small-pox, where a girl who had been inoculated and had been vaccinated, was tried and had them not again, but another (a) boy caught the small-pox from this girl, and had the confluent kind and died." The paper referred to by Byrom was commu- nicated by Mr. Sergeant Amand. It has been kindly transcribed for me by Mr. Weld, the libra- rian of the Royal Society. The case occurred at Hanover. The inoculation of the girl seems to have failed entirely. It was suspected that she had not taken the true small-pox. Doubts, how- ever, were removed, as a boy, who daily saw the girl, fell ill and died, " having had a very bad small-pox of the confluent sort." The point to which I would draw your readers' attention is the mention of " vaccination " in this journal in 1725 ; it is one of some interest and curiosity, as it is supposed that no one, before the time of Jenner, attempted to introduce the virus from the cow into the human species. The word does not occur in Amand's paper, of which Byrom is speaking. Nor is it to be found in the dictionaries of Bailey, Ash, or Johnson, until in- troduced into the last by Todd. Richardson, in his Dictionai-y, says that " it is a word of modern formation." Did Byrom borrow it, or was it hi& own invention ? He studied medicine, and it was suggested to him to practise as a physician in his native place. He so far obtained the title of doctor from his acquaintance, that he was com- monly so addressed; and on one occasion he desired that his letters should be directed Mr., not Dr. In 1727 he says that he had not health or ex- perience to practise in Manchester. Byrom's attention appears to have been much turned to the subject of inoculation. Other refer- ences to the practice will be found in the Diary^ and he mentions reading Dr. Wm. Wagstaffe's Letter to Friend, on the danger and uncertainty of Inoculation, published in 1722 {Diary, p. 140.). It was in 1762 or 1768 that Jenner's attention seems to have been first awakened to the subject * This diary, with a striking portrait, was generously given to the Chetham Society by its accomplished possessor, the poet's descendant. The MS. was happily committed to the hands of an editor, most competent to do full justice to it. In his preface and notes, Canon Parkinson has heightened the vivid picture which Byrom has drawn of the habits and manners of our grandsires, by his own observations. t At one time President of the College of Physicians. Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 63 of his great discovery, by the chapped hands of milkers sometimes proving a preventative of small- pox, and by those amongst them whom he en- deavoured to inoculate resisting the infection. In 1770 he mentioned the cow-pox to John Hunter ; ten years afterwards his anticipations were quick- ened, and about 179G he performed the first successful operation. These dates I gather from Mr. Pettigrew's carefully compiled and very in- teresting life of Dr. Jenner.* Some of your correspondents will very probably tell me that what I have quoted is not a solitary instance of the use of the word vaccination early in the last century. J. H. Markland. Bath. SELWYN OF FRISTON, CO. SUSSEX. Can any correspondent of " N". & Q." help me with answers to the following questions ? Who were the Sheringtons of Selmeston, co. Sussex, one of whom, Katherlne, daughter and heiress of Simon Sherington, was married to John Selwyn of Sherington, about the year 1350? Are there any Sheringtons still extant tracing their descent from this family ? The grandson of this marriage is Nicolas Sel- wyn, of Sherington. I cannot find the surname of his wife ; her christian name is given in Berry's Genealogies of the Sussex Gentry as Laura. I have been told that the name of Nicolas Selwyn is found also Shulder. I shall be glad to know whether there is any confirmation of this, independent of the authority on which I have re- ceived it, which authority, I should add, Is a high one. In the collections of Peter Le Neve, Esq., Norroy King of Arms, now remaining In the College of Arms, there Is the following remarkable discrepancy with the statement of the monument of Sir Edward Selwyn still extant In Frlston Church. The monument speaks of one son only of Sir Edward, by name William Thomas Selwyn, who survived his father only two months. Sir Edward dying Dec. 9, 1704, and William Thomas Feb. 9, 1704, in his twenty-first year. The young man_ Is deplored as, " Qui sola spes fuit, et nunc exstlncta, antlquas Selwynorum familla;. Ultlmus hie Selwynorum jacet," &c. On the other hand, Peter Le Neve gives to Sir Edward Selwyn a son, whose christian name is ■unrecorded, colonel of a regiment which Is unde- scribed, except as a regiment of foot, and who married a daughter of a Battinson of Chlselhurst, the christian name neither of the lady nor of her father being given. The house Is easily identified still as that of the late Sir Edward Beterson. * Biographical Memoirs of the most celebrated Physicians, Surgeons, Sfc., vol. ii. Now I have no doubt that the monument is here to be believed, and that the learned herald is in error. But I shall feel obliged by any one of your readers who will kindly fill up the deficien- cies of this record, and refer Colonel Selwyn to his proper father, or who will give me any other clue to the satisfactory solution of the difficulty. Sir Edward Selwyn was M. P. for Seaford in 1681 and 1684, and High Sheriff of Sussex in 1682. Can any of your readers tell me by what means I am likely to discover precisely why he was knighted. His uncle, Sir Nicolas Selwyn, was " one of the honourable band of pensioners of King Charles." I shall be glad to learn somethinij about these pensioners, and especially for what services Sir Nicolas was knighted and admitted into " the honourable band." I shall be thankful for any Information con- cerning the following Sussex families, or for re- ferences to documents where they are mentioned : — Sherington of Selmeston, about 1350; Marshall ofMaresfield, about 1380; Reresby, about 1440; Bates or Batys, about 1470 ; John Adam, about 1500. E. J. Selwyn. Blackheath. CURIOUS INCIDENT. An intelligent and Imaginative, though unedu- cated old friend of mine (now dead), who had led a most eventful life, ran away from his parental home, In Edinburgh, when about sixteen years old. As is the case with all the strays and waifs of the British empire, he straightway bent his course to London. Of course the theatre was' not long unvislted ; and one Incident In a play which he then saw acted became indelibly stamped upon his mind, and exerted an important Influence upon him In after-life. This Is his description of It. A sturdy, middle-aged farmer was hard at work In his field, when he was interrupted by the ap- pearance of his daughter, whom he heartily loved. She was a beautiful, blooming. Innocent- looking girl of eighteen. Leaning upon his spade, and ceasing from his toil, the farmer looked fondly upon her, and passionately exclaimed, " How I love thee, Sukey ; Oh, how I loves thee ! Thou'rt a sweet lass, thou'rt ; how thy old father loves thee ! " And then he threw his spade down, and drew her to his bosom, fairly weeping with joy. But suddenly, and as If stung by some wild thought, he held her away from him at arms' length, and gazing fixedly and even sternly upon her face, cried, half inquiringly, half In soliloquy : " Dost know what Virtue Is like, Sukey ? It is like — ah, now, what is it like ? Let me see. It is like — like " (doubtfully, and as if he saw through a glass darkly), "like — Oh! I see what it's like. Didst ever see, dear Sukey, didst ever see a 64 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. beautiful and thrifty field of grain, waving its rich and golden top backward and forward so grace- fully in sun and shadow, and filling the air around with sweet fragrance ? Well, it is a lovely and a pleasant sight ; a sight that makes glad the heart of God's creatures. And a virtuous woman is like it. But ah ! Sukey dear, take a keen, cruel knife, and cut off the tops of the grain ; and then it becomes a sorrowful sight. Nought but straw, worthless straw, is left; which man and beast shall tread under foot, and trample on, and defile ! So it is with a woman despoiled of her virtue ! " Can any of your correspondents refer me to any play illustrating an incident similar to this ? It must have been acted in London prior to the Mutiny of the Nore, for my old friend, shortly after he witnessed it, was pressed into the naval service, and was a participator in that celebrated outbreak. C. D. D. New Brunswick, N. Jersey, U. S. A. Minar €iutviti. Heidelberg. — A spot in the plan of this cele- brated castle is called " Clara Dettin's Garden." Who was Clara Dettin ? N. The Sign of Griffiths the Publisher. — What could induce Griffiths, the publisher of the Monthly Review, to adopt The Dunciad for his sign ? J. M. Gilberfs " History of the City of Dublin." —In Mr. Gilbert's very interesting History of the City of Dublin, vol. i. p. 94., I have met with the follow- ing passage : " A woman, known as ' Darkey Kelly,' who kept an infamous establishment in this alley [Copper Alley], was tried for a capital offence about 1764 ; sentenced to death, and publicly burnt in Stephen's Green." The author informs us in the next sentence, that " her sister, Maria Llewellin, was condemned to be hanged, for her complicity in the affair of the Neals with Lord Carhampton ;" and therefore it is not likely that the printer has mistaken the date of Kelly's execution. But is it a fact, that any one was "publicly burnt in Stephen's Green" in or about the year 1764 ? Abhba. Newspaper Cutting. — _" It is not 400 years since a baron of this realm was tried for high crimes and misdemeanors ; and one of the charges exhibited against him was, that holding in con- tempt the respect that man ought to have for man, he had suffered himself to be carried about his own garden in a sort of a chair, with poles put to it, bv two of his own servants."— Aris's Birmingham Gazette, June 22, 1795. Who was the baron ? R. C. Wabde, Kidderminster. Richard Brayne, Braine, or Brain. — Can any of your readers favour me with any information respecting the family of Richard Brayne, Braine, or Brain, who lived at or near Northwood, in the county of Salop, and died August, 1755 ? and what was the maiden name of his wife, who also died in 1755, and who was her father ? S. R. Sir John Crosby. — Can any one through your journal inform me, who, if there are any, are the descendants of Sir John Crosby, who is said to have built Crosby Hall in Bishopsgate Street, and who lived about the middle or latter end of the fifteenth century ? Query. Bishop Oldham. — Information is requested relative to the descendants of Dr. Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, who died June 15, 1519. Thos. p. Hassall. 59. Lord Street, Chetham, Manchester. Arms of Sir J. Russell. — What were the arms of Sir James Russell, Knight, Lieut.-Governor of the island of Nevis, and Governor and Com- mander of the Leeward Carribee Islands, 1686? and his family's lineage ? M. M. Distributing Money at Marriages. — Perhaps some of your able contributors will favour me with the origin of the custom practised in Allen- dale, Northumberland, and other northern dis- tricts ? The male guests, as soon as they emerge without the precincts of the churchyard, com- mence distributing money to the spectators, and continue so to do from thence to where they remain for refreshments. — I might also add another peculiarity in connexion with a marriage in the same place. Previous to the bride entering the doorway of the house after the marriage ceremony, she is met at the door, a veil is thrown over her head, and a quantity of cake is pitched over her. Have these customs anything in common with Eastern customs? if not, what are their symbolical meaning? J. W. Allendale. Gentleman hanged in 1559-60. — A private gentleman, of a good family and of a large estate, suffered death by hanging in March 1559-60, for " a great robbery." There is no doubt that the " great robbery " must have been connected with political events. Can any of the many readers of " N. & Q." throw any light on this subject by means of their knowledge either of the immediate fact, or of the general passages of the political events of the time ? Careingtow. Ormonde Correggio. — Could you through your valuable publication give me any information as to the Ormonde Collection, and the Correggios in it? I possess a fine Correggio, a Madonna, formerly in Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. e$ the Ormonde Collection at Kilkenny Castle ; and am very anxious to ascertain how it came into that family, and the exact date when it left it. There is much historical interest connected with this picture, which was a heirloom in the family. The engraving, when seen by Colnaghi, was im- mediately recognised by him as one respecting which there had been much discussion, the paint- ing not being known to be in existence, — in fact, a lost one. The print is in the British Museum in three stages of engraving, with the following inscription : "Antonio da Correggio pinxit. R. Cooper del. et sculp. 1763. To the Queen this plate is humbly in- scribed by her Majesty's most devoted and humble servant, Richard Cooper. From the original painting of Cor- reggio, formerly in the Ormonde Collection, but now in the possession "of John Butler, Esq." Now, in 1716, the Duke of Ormonde had been attainted, and his estates confiscated. He died a pensioner on the bounty of the King of Spain, having taken part with the Pretender. John Butler was heir, and would inherit this picture as a heirloom. In 1791 he became seventeenth Earl of Ormonde, so that the painting was engraved when the title was extinct. It has been thought that the painting may have been one of the Escurial Corregglos, and was given by the King of Spain to the Duke of Or- monde for his services. If you can put the Q ueries for me in your publication, so as to elicit any information as to the time when it was given or purchased by the Ormonde family, and the cir- cumstances under which it was parted with, you will confer a great obligation. Margaret Fison. New Court House, Charlton, Cheltenham. P. S. — There appears to have been a sale at some time or other, at which I believe the picture was purchased, and came from that channel into our possession. Churchill Property, — About ten years ago some law proceedings were noted in The Times, referring to a fund for the benefit of persons named Churchill. Can any of your readers furnish the particulars of its origin and distribution, &c. ? One of the Name. Bells heard by the drowned. — Will any one kindly refer me to the story of a man who was drowned in a Danish lake ; and who described, on being restored, after a long period of suspended animation, that he heard under water, in his last moments of consciousness, the sound of the Copen- hagen bells ? Alfred Gatty. Dean Smedley. — I beg to renew my inquiry (Vol. X., p. 423.) after Dean Smedley, both on its own account, and to correct a blunder made by your printer in my former Query, of " Patres sunt octulae," for " Patres sunt retulas," i. e. old women. In reply to S. A. H.'s inquiry in the same Number (p. 418.), I am sorry to say that no ex- planation has yet appeared of Pope's agglomerated mention of Blackmore and Quarles, Ben Jonson and Old Dennis, the Lord's Anointed and the Russian Bear. Nor has Mr. Crosslet either re- tracted or supported his assertion as to the appear- ance of " Sober Advice " so early as 1716. I have no doubt that on reconsideration he finds that he was mistaken. Every paragraph of the poem proves that it could not have been written earlier than 1730. C. Gelyan Bowers. — What is the origin of the Julian (or Gelyan) Bowers, found in the north of England ? M. J. S. Dial. — How may I learn to accurately mark out and set a dial ? John Scribe. Death of Dogs. — In November I saw In War- wickshire a printed bill offering a reward for the discovery of " some evil-disposed person or per- sons who did poison a dog." Making inquiry last week, I was told that many dogs had since died in the neighbourhood very suddenly, and where there was not the least reason to suspect that poison had been administered ; but it was a new disease which had afflicted the canine race. Has a similar mortality taken place in other districts ? and what is the nature of the disease ? H. W. D. Verses. — In the Exchequer Record Office, Dublin, there is deposited an original paper upon which the following lines have been written : " Lett England, old England in glory still rise, And thanks to y" D. y' open'd her eys." The document to which I referred bears no date, but It appears to me to have been written in or about the year 1710. To whom is allusion made by the words (or rather the word and letter) " y* D. ?" J. F. F. Dublin. Psalm- singing and the Nonconformists. — Can any one explain why the early Nonconformists so much neglected the practice of psalm-singing in their worship ? John Scbibb. " The Lay of the Scottish Fiddle" a poem in five cantos, supposed to be written by W — — S , Esq. ; first American, from the fourth Edinburgh edition, London, .James Cawthorn, 1814. The names of the author of the above will oblige. R. H. B. Heavenly Guides. — Who was the author of The Poor Mans Pathway to Heaven, a small black- letter work, dated about 1600 ? My copy lacks title-page. R. C. Wardb. Kidderminster. 66 NOTES AND QUERISS. [No. 274. ;^{n0r CSuertcS iuttb ^n^torrS. FairchiJd Lecture at St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. — Thomas Faircbild, whose communication to ■the Royal Society of Experiments on the Circula- tion of the Sap is printed in the Philosophical Transactions, 1724, and who died at Hoxton in 1729, bequeathed money to trustees, for a lecture to be delivered in the church of St. Leonard, Shoreditch, annually, on Whit- Tuesday. The subject must be either " The wonderful works of God in the Creation," or "The certainty of the Resurrection of the Dead proved by the certain changes of the animal and vegetable parts of the Creation." Dr. Morell (T presume the author of the Thesaurus that bears his name, and the friend of Hogarth) preached this lecture for several years. I am desirous of knowing whether it is still delivered according to the will of the testator ; and if so, at what hour on Whit-Tuesday I must • attend at the church in order to hear it ? Geo. E. Feere. Eoydon Hall, Diss. [Some celebrated men have preached this lectui'e, among ■ others Dr. Denne, Dr. Stukeley, and Samuel Ayscough ; but we never heard of Dr. Morell as one of the lecturers, nor does his name appear in the list furnished by Sir Henry Ellis, in his History of Shoreditch, p. 288. Mr. 'Ayscough delivered it from 1787 to 1804, and was suc- ' ceeded by the Kev. J. J. Ellis, Eector of St. Martin's Outwich, in 1805, who has continued lecturer until the present time. Next Whit-Tuesday will be the 125th an- niversary ; Divine Service commences at eleven o'cloclc. There was a local periodical published in 1852, called the ■ Shoreditch Herald, which if our correspondent could be fortunate enough to pick up on any bookstall, he will find an interesting account of the worthy founder of this lec- ■ ture. See the number for July, 1852, p. 42.] " Penelope's Wehb." — I have a much mutilated ■copy of a black-letter volume so entitled. I should be glad to learn its date, exact title-page, and degree of rarity. E.. C. Warde. Kidderminster. [This work is by Robert Greene, and, from the prices given in Lowndes, must be extremely rare : " Boswell, 985., 71. 15s. Roxburghe, 6656., 5/." It contains the foUo'wing full title-page : " Penelopes Web : wherein a Christall Mirror of Feminine Perfection represents to the view of euery one those vertues and graces which more curiously beautifies the mind of women, then eyther sumptuous Apparel, or lewels of inestimable value : the one buying fame with honour, the other breeding a kinde of delight, but with repentance. In three seuerall dis- courses also are three speciall vertues, necessary to be incident in euery vertuous woman, pithely discussed : namely. Obedience, Chastity, and Sylence. Interlaced with three seuerall and Comicall Histories. By Kobert Greene, Master of Artes in Cambridge. Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit vtile dulce. London, printed for lohn Hodgers, and are to be soldo at his shop at the Flowerdeluce in Fleete Streete, neere to Fetter Lane end. 1601." See a list of Greene's innumerable pieces in Beloe's Anecdotes of Literature, vol. ii. pp. 168. 196. 291. ; and Censura Literaria, vol. viii. pp. 380 — 391. Dibdin, in his Reminiscences, vol. i. p. 437., remarks, " There is more to be learnt of the express character of the times in the pieces of Greene, Harvey, Decker, Nash, &c., than in the elaborate disquisitions of learned historians. And yet, after all — how singular! — in none of these cotempora- neous productions is there the slightest mention of Shak- speare, who was not only living but in high repute. One would have thought that his very 'hose, doublet, and jerkin' would have been described by some of this viva- cious and talkative tribe. Who would wish to ' lose one drop of that immortal man ? ' "] Pev. Dr. Gosset. — Can any of your readers oblige me with any recollections they may have of the Rev. Isaac Gosset, D.D., of bibliographical celebrity, other than may be found in Clarke's Pepertorium Bibliographicum, p. 455., or in the Gentleman s Magazine, to which I have referred ? I am also desirous of knowing where he was buried, and if he has an epitaph. His father, whose name also was Isaac, died at Kensington in December, 1799, at the advanced age of eighty- eight. F. G. [An interesting notice of Dr. Isaac Gosset will be found in Dr. Dibdin's Decameron, vol. iii. pp. 5 — 8. 78., and some passing notices in Dibdin's Reminiscences, vol. i. pp. 205. 295. Gosset is described under the character of Lepidus in the Bibliomania, and those amusing lines, " The Tears of the Booksellers," on the death of Dr. Gosset {Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxxiii. pt. i. p. 160.), are by the Rev. Stephen Weston. Consult Home's Introd. to Bibliography, vol. ii. p. 651., and the Classical Journal, vol. viii. p. 471. &c., for some of the prices for which the Gossetian tomes were sold. We cannot discover Dr. Gos- set's burial-place.] Winchester Dulce Domum and Tabula Leguim Pcedagogicamm. — Will any reader give, or direct me to, the history of these ? J. W. Hewett. Bloxham, Banbury. [Dr. Milner, in his History of Winchester, vol. ii. p. 130., edit. 1801, remarks: "That the existence of the song of Dulce Domum can onlj' be traced up to the dis- tance of about a century ; j'et the real author of it, and the occasion of its composition, are already clouded with fables." Some of these traditionary notices will be found in Walcott's William of Wykeham and his Colleges, p. 266. ; and in Gentleman^ Mag. for March, 1796, p. 209., and July, 1796, p. 570.] Levinus Monk. — Who was Levinus Monk, whose daughter and coheiress, Mary, married Thomas Bennet of Babraham, Cambridgeshire, created a baronet in 1660 ? P. P— m. [Levinus Monk was clerk of the signet in 1611. His signature is affixed to two documents in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 5750. f. 134.; 5756. f. 161.), and is there spelt Levinus Munck.] Quotation. — Who is the author of the line " The glory dies not, and the grief is past," quoted in Lockhart's Life of Scott, vol. vi. p. 224. ? LB. [This fine line is from a sonnet on Sir Walter Scott's death, bj' the late Sir Egerton Brydges, as stated in the one-volume edition of Lockhart's Life of Scott, edit. 1845.] Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 67 Waverley Novels. — When and where did Sir Walter Scott publicly acknowledge the author- ship of the Waverley l!f ovels ? John Scribe. [At a theatrical dinner, Febriiar3'- 23, 1827, of which an account is given in Lockhart's Life of Svott, edit. 1845, pp.652, 653.] PRUSSIC ACI0 AS BLOOD, OE BULl's BLOOD AS rOISON. (Vol. xi., p. 12.) The supposition of Niebuhr with respect to bull's blood in old Greek writers, is extremely far-fetched, and unworthy of his great reputation. It is to be regretted that Blakesley, in his elabo- rate edition of Herodotus, has taken no notice of the passage (lib. iii. cap. 15.) where Psammenitus IS said to have been put to death by Carabyses by means of this poison ; for a subject which could present such difficulty to the acutest historian of modern times, ought not to be slurred over by an English commentator, whose professed object is " to illustrate, through his text, the time in which his author lived, and the influences under which his work would necessarily be composed." If we allow that the Greeks were acquainted with prussic acid, we must reject the usual modern opinions respecting the conditions of chemical science in ancient times, and must sup- pose there were men, living two thousand years ago, who were acquainted with all the discoveries hitherto supposed to have been due to the re- searches of the alchemists, who knew In fact as much, or more, of chemistry than many an expe- rienced practitioner of the last century. We have then to account for the strange fact, thav they have not chosen to reveal such scientific acquire- ments in writing, for not the remotest trace of such extensive knowledge is to be found in Greek authors. Although bull's blood contains the che- mical^ agents necessary for the production of prussic acid, the process of Its preparation from , animal substance in any form, but especially in i that of blood, is long and intricate ; such as re- ayes acts as poison by coagulating in the stomach, we need not have recourse to the fanciful hypothesis that prussic acid was so designated, when we are told that Psammenitus, Hannibal, Themistocles, and others, died by Its means. F. J. Leachman, B.A. 20. Compton Terrace, Islington. PBOPHECIES RESPECTING CONSTANTINOPLE. (Vol. X., pp. 147. 192. 374.) Among those moral diagnostics by which the philosophic observer is enabled to predicate the condition of nations and individuals, the tendency to utter gloomy vaticinations respecting them- selves Is not the least unfavourable. Indicative, In the first Instance, of the presumptive probability of the event foretold, and of that want of confi- dence In their own powers in Itself so conducive to failure, the prediction, once uttered, assumes the 68 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. terrors of divine judgment and irresistible fate ; and spreading from mind to mind with a rapidity proportioned to its plausibility, gathers strength from its very diffusion, till at length with the ac- cumulated impetus of the avalanche, it crushes its victim in its resistless course. Thus the pro- phecies which relate to this city, and which seem to have been adopted by its successive occupiers as a baneful charge upon the inheritance, testify, from their number and their purport, how uncer- tain, whether Greek, Latin, or Turk, they felt their tenure to be. That, for instance, may be cited of the Emperor Heraclius, related by B,i- gord ( Vie de Philippe- Auguste, collection Guizot, torn. xi. pp. 29, 30.), that the Roman dominion would be destroyed by a circumcised nation, erro- neously supposed by him to be the Jews ; and that this nation, who turned out to be the Saracens, should, as farther predicted by the martyr Me- thodius, make another irruption at the time of the coming of Antichrist, and overspreading the face of the world, punish the perverseness of Christians, by the perpetration of unheard-of atrocities for the period of eight octaves of years. Then there is the cloud of sinister predictions which darkened the reign of the last emperor Constantine Dra- goses ; the portentous oracle of the Erythraean sybil adduced by Leonard of Chios, and cited by Hammer ; and the answer given by a soothsayer to Michael Palaeologus, who was anxious to know if the empire which he had usurped would be peacably enjoyed by his descendants : " L'oracle lui repondit, Mamaini, mot qui ne sigmfie rien par lui-meme, mais qui fut expliqu^ par le devin de cette sorte : L'empire sera posse'd^ par autant de vos de- scendants qu'il y a des lettres dans ce mot barbare. Puis il sera 6t^ de votre post^rit^ de la ville de Constantinople." — Diicas, ch. 42. Finally the predicted event took place, and the Turks seized upon the doomed city, accomplishing a prophecy in the manner of their triumphant entry : " Par suite d'une proph^tie analogue on avait bouch^ la porte du Cirque. La veille de la prise de Constantinople par Mahomet II. I'empereur Constantin I'avait fait ouvrir pour faciliter une sortie, et par une fatale impr^voyance, elle n'avait pas ^te' refermee. Ce fut par 1^ que les Turcs 86 precipitferent dans la ville." — Lalanne, Curiositis de Traditions, §-c., Paris, 1847, p. 36. The same author records another prediction, which possesses a present interest, inasmuch, though once supposed to bode evil to the Greeks, it is now, as is asserted, applied by the Turks to themselves : " Suivant Raoul de Dicet, historien anglais, dent la chronique ne s'^tend pas au-delk de 1199, la porte d'Or k Constantinople, par laquelle entraient les triomphateurs, portait cette prophetie: Quand viendra le roi blond de rOccident, je m'ouvrirai de moi-meme ! Ce ne fut pourtant pas par cette porte que les Latins p^n^trferent dans la ville en 1204, car la crainte des propheties qui la concemaient I'avait fait murer depuis longtemps. Au- jourd'hui les Turcs se sent appliqu^ la tradition, qui, jadis, effrayait les Grecs; ils croient fermement que la porte d'Or livrera un jour passage aux Chretiens qui doivent, comme ils en sont persuades, finir par reconquerir laville." — JWd., p.36. "We now come to the celebrated prophecy of the equestrian statue in the square of Taurus, so emphatically recorded by the sceptical Gibbon as of unquestionable purport and antiquity. la chap. Iv. of the Decline and Fall, we read, — " The memory of these Arctic fleets, that seemed to de- scend from the polar circle, left a deep impression on the imperial city. By the vulgar of every rank it was as- serted and believed, that an equestrian statue in the square of Taurus was secretly inscribed with a prophecy, how the Russians in the last days should become masters of Constantinople " To this the historian adds a conjecture, the verifi- cation of which we trust is still distant : " Perhaps the present generation may yet behold the accomplishment of the prediction, — of a rare prediction, of which the style is unambiguous, and the date unquestion- able." — Declint and FaU, Milman's ed. 1846, vol. v. p. 312. A reference to the Byzantine and monkish au- thorities cited by Gibbon in his note to the above, may lead, so far as their obscure phraseology can be understood, to a different opinion as to the purport of this prophecy ; as, however, its value and meaning have already been discussed in Fraser's Magazine, July, 1854, p. 25., to which the reader is referred, farther remarks are here unnecessary. It is doubtless the same prophecy that Dr. Walsh records in his Journey from Con~ stantinnple to England, London, Svo., 1828, p. 50. The opinion of a Frenchman a century ago will appear in striking contrast with those of his coun- trymen at the present day ; whose future co-ope- ration in preventing the fulfilment of his prediction was a circumstance which he did not foresee in his philosophic previsions. In a letter to the Empress of Russia, dated 21st Sept. 1770, Vol- taire writes, — "J'ai dit il y a longtemps, que, si jamais l'empire Turc est d^truit, ce sera par la Russie ; men auguste Im- p^ratrice accomplira son prediction. . . . Je ne suis pas surpris que votre ame, faite pour toutes les grandes choses, prenne gout h, une pareille guerre. Je crois vos troupes de debarquement revenues en Grfece, et vos flottes de la Mer Noire menaijant les environs de Constanti- nople ? " In a subsequent letter : " Pour peu que vous tardiez h vous asseoir sur le trone de Stamboul, il n'y aura pas mo}'en que je sois t^moin de ce petit triomphe. . . . J'espfere que votre Majesty chassera bientot de Stamboul la paste et les Turcs." To this the imperial correspondent briefly re- marks : " Pour ce qui regarde la prise de Constantinople, je ne la crois pas si prochaine. Cependant il ne faut, dit-on, d^sesperer de rien." jAJsr. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 60 As not altogether irrelevant, the following re- marks of the empress may be cited, in reference to her invasion and conquest of the Crimea : " A propos de fierte, j'ai envie de vous faire sur ce point ma confession gen^rale. J'ai eu de grands succes durant cette guerre; je m'en suis r^jouie trfes naturellement ; j'ai dit: La Rassie sera bien connue par cette guerre; on verra que cette nation est infatigable, qu'elle possfede des hommes d'une merite eminent, et qui ont toutes les qua- lit^s qui forment les heros ; on verra qu'elle ne manque point des ressources, et qu'elle pent se defendre et faire la guerre avec vigueur lorsqu'elle est injustement attaquee." — Letter to Voltaire, 22nd July (2nd August), 1771. A somewhat different version of the prophecy quoted by Anon from Sansovino's Collection will be found in a treatise entitled A Discoursive Pro- blems concerning Prophecies, by John Harvey, Physician of King's Lynn in Norfolk, London, 4to. (1588) ; and is cited in a curious fatidical re- pertory, Miracttlous Prophecies and Predictions of Eminent Men, Sfc, 12mo., London, 1821, p. 26. Dr. AValsh, in the Appendix to the work before alluded to, gives (p. 436.) two copies of a very singular document ; one the original, said to have been inscribed on the tomb of Constantine the Great, and the other its interpretation, ascribed to (jrennadius, the first patriarch of Constantinople after its capture by the Turks. It predicts the overthrow of the race of the Palaeologi by " the kingdom of Ishmael and him who is termed Ma- homet ; " and the destruction of Ishmael in turn by " the yellow- haired race," with the assistance of the western nations, who shall take " the seven- hilled city with its imperial privileges." Eton alludes to the same prediction, as asserting that the Russians, under the title of "the Sons of Yellowness," will conquer Constantinople ; and Forster, referring to it, cites the following passage in the notes to his singular work, Mahommed- anism Unveiled, Sfc, London, 2 vols. Svo., 1829 : " Wallachius in Vita Mahometis (p. 158.) refert, Turcas hodiernos in annalibus suis legere, tamdiu perstiturum regnura Muhammedicum, donee xeniant Jigliuoli biondi; i. e.Jlavi et albifilii, vel filii ex septentrione, flavis et albis capillis, secundum aliorum interpretationem ; utri autem Sueci hie intelligendi, ceu volunt nonnuUi, aliia discu- tiendum relinquo." — Schultens, Ecdes. Muhamm. Bret. Delin., Argent. 1668, p. 22. It is, perhaps, the same prediction, though more ominous and presently significant in expression, which is related by a Georgian author, probably of the eighteenth century, also as having been en- graven on the tomb of Constantine the Great : " Plusieurs nations se r^uniront sur la MerJToire, et sur le continent ; les Ismaelites seront vaincus, et la puissance de leur nation affaiblie tombera dans I'avilissement. Les peuples coalise's de la Russie et des environs subju- gueront Ismael, prendront les sept collines, et tout ce qui les entoure." — Lebeau, Histoire du Baa-Empire, edition Saint-Martin, p. 330. The Russians for their part seem fully alive to the policy of assuming to themselves the appa- rently divine mission of fulfilling these various prophecies. We are informed by the Edinburgh Review (vol. 1. p. 343.), that in 1769 a pamphlet was published at St. Petersburg, entitled The Fall of the Turkish Empire, predicted by the Arab astrologer, Mousta Eddin, the unlucky au- thor of which is said to have been thrown into the sea by the Turkish Sultan; and a collection of curious predictions concerning the same event was ^published at Moscow in 1828; perhaps, as the reviewer suggests, as a sort of Piece Justifica- tive. Those who may wish to pursue the subject, are referred to the chapter on the Ottoman Empire ia Dr. Miller's Lectures on the Phil, of Mod. History; the Mohammedanism Unveiled of the Rev. Charles Forster, before alluded to ; and the able essay on " Providential and Prophetical Histories " in the Edinburgh Review, vol. 1. p. 287. There remain yet to be noticed the vaticinal deliberations of that class of writers who have be- lieved themselves qualified to accept the Apoca- lyptic invitation, " Let him that hath understand- ing count the number of the beast." Among these Dr. Miller has succeeded in making out to his own satisfaction that there was a period of exactly 666 years between the second Nicene Council, by which the worship of images was au- thorised, and the taking of Constantinople ; thus, he thinks, the identity is established between the Greek Church, and the prediction concerning the second beast. Others are as firmly convinced, and with as good reason, that " the man " referred to is the heresiarch Mahomet, the numeral value of whose name spelt with Greek characters will be found to amount to the mystical sum, three hundred three score and six ; thus, — M+a+o+/i+e+ T +1+ s = xf « 40 + 1 + 70 + 40+5 + 300 + 10 + 200 = 666 which Constantinople, being like Rome, built upon seven hills, is aptly typified by the seven- headed beast " on which the woman sitteth." See the able essay on " Emblematic and Chronological Prophecies " in the British Review, vol. xviii. p. 396., the learned author of which is so convinced of the plausibility of this theory, that he makes it the basis of his scheme of Apocalyptic interpret- ation. The same view was held by the Roman Bishop Walmsley, whose theory, however, has been decisively disproved by that able controver- sialist, G. S. Faber. In conclusion it may be observed that these prophecies, however variously worded and vaguely recorded, have yet a certain significance and con- sistency ; they show that the belief is entertained by the Turks themselves that the Ottoman em- pire will eventually be destroyed by a northern and a Christian nation : this belief is itself an im- portant agent in the fulfilment of the prediction ; but we trust fervently that the fulness of time is 70 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. not now at hand for its accomplishment, and that Great Britain may not have her share by some irretrievable reverse to her arms, perhaps her first step in that " Decline and Fall " which his *ory tells us is the fate of all nations. William Bates. Birmingham, THE SCHOOLMEN. (Vol. X., p. 464. ; Vol. xi., p. 36.) My knowledge of the schoolmen is too slender to warrant me in offering an opinion unasked ; but I come within J. F.'s requisites, being " a living man who has read one treatise;" and having perused ten volumes and two numbers of ■*' N. & Q." may claim " the advantage of some modern reading." I am sorry that he finds Smi- glecius "obscure and unconnected;" but hope that, as his view was taken on " looking into," it ■vvill be changed by reading. I know no book more likely to appear "obscure and unconnected" than Simpson's Euclid on a cursory perusal, or less so than the logic of Smiglecius if gone through with the attention usually bestowed on the other. The title-page of the only edition which I know (I believe it is the last), that of Oxon, 1658, 4to., pp. 761., says : " In qua quicquid in Aristotelico Organo, vel cognitu necessarium, vel obscuritate perplexum, tam clare et perspicue, quam solide ac nervose pertractatur." This, I presume, was not a compliment paid by the author to himself; but from the great assist- ance I derived from his book, in reading the Organon^ I think it well-deserved. Though J. F. objects to the judgments of "co- temporaries," I wish to add, in support of my opinion, that of Rapin, as quoted approvingly by Bayle. (Diet., art. Smiglecius.) " Smiglecius, jesuite polonais, fut un des derniers dia- leeticiens qui ecrivit sur la logique d'Aristotc le plus subtilement et le plus solidement tout ensemble. II a penetre, par la sagacite de son esprit, ce qu'il y avait h approfondir en cette science, avec une clarte et une justesse qii'on ne trouve presque point ailleurs." — -Rapin's li&fiexions sur la Logique, p. 383. Bayle observes, that the English have done justice to this work by reprinting it, and that some were disposed to do more than justice, may be inferred from a story in Terra Filius, No. 21., ■of — ■" A member of a college, where Aristotle had no reason to complain of being treated with disrespect, having been heard to say, ' That the best book that ever was written, except the ]3ible, was Smiglecius.' " I know less of Zabarella, but in reading his commentary on the Posterior Analytics, I did not perceive " the diffuseness of style." That subject, at least, is not "frivolous ;" and I do not think any of those enumerated in the table of contents, prefixed to his logical works, are so. I refer to the 17th edition, Venetiis, 1617, 4to., pp. 700. Bayle calls him " un des plus grands philosophes du 16*^ siecle," and says : " II enseigna la logique pendant quinze annees, et puis la philosophic jusqu'a sa mort. II publia des commen- taires sur Aristote ; qui iirent connaitre que son esprit etait capable de debrouiller les grandes difficultes, et de comprendre les questions les plus obscures."' If J. F. has time and patience to go thoroughly into the object of his inquiry, I believe the best book is the Disputationes MetaphysiccB of Suarez (torn. ii. fol., Geneva, 1614). I say this, not on my own experience, having referred to it oc- casionally only, but on that of Schopenhauer (1 Parerga unci Paralipomena, p. 51.), who calls it : " Diesem achten Kompendio der ganzen scholastischen Weisheit, woselbst man ihre Bekanntschaft zu suchen hat, nicht aber in dem breiten Getrasche geistloser deutsclier Philosophie Professoren, dieser Quintessenz aller Schaallieit und Langweiligkeit." Schopenhauer is perhaps the highest authority on these questions ; and I am confident that he would not express an opinion on a book without reading it, or bestow praise where it was not fully de- served. H. B. C. U. U. Club. GEEEN EYES. (Vol. ix. passim.) The following addition to your notes on this subject, I copy from the Silva I'heologicB Symbolicce of Joh. Henricus Ursinus, Isrorimberga3, 1 665 : " cxcxx. " Smaragdini oculi. " ' Rex sedens in solio judicii dissipat, omne malum intuitu.' — Proverb, xx. 8. " Apud Cj'prios juxta Cetarias marmoreo Leoni in tumulo Reguli Hermiie oculi erant inditi ex Smaragdis, ita radiantibus etiam in gurgitem, ut territi instrumenta refugerent thynni, diu mirantibus novitatem piscatoribus, donee mutavere oculis gemmas " {Plinius, lib. xxxvii. cap. 17.) "Ita bonus justusque princeps fugat oculorum quasi fulgore improboi'um colluviem. Odere i'li istum non minus quam ulula; solem. Innocentia sola non fugit, amat etiam et colit ; quid eniin oculis Smaragdinis lastius ? visuve jucundius ? " ' 'A(^oj3ta /ieyiVrr) to <^oj36t(76at rows vd(U.ovj.' Synesius' Epist. ii. Leges qui metuit, nil habet metuere." Mr. Douce, in his Illustrations of Shahspeare (1807, vol. ii. p. 192.), refers to several old writers, by whom the epithet " green " has been applied to eyes, particularly the early French poets. Chaucer has given to one of the characters in The Knightes Tale, eyes of the same colour : " His nose was high, his eyin bright citryn." Pan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 71 In The Two Noble Kinsmen (Act V. Sc. 1.) we also find : " Oh vouchsafe, With that thy rare green eye," &c. Steevens notes these two instances on the passage in Romeo and Juliet already quoted by Mr. Temple, adding — "Arthur Hall (the most ignoi-ant and absurd of all the translators of Homer), in the fourth Iliad (4to., 1581), calls Minerva " ' The green eide goddese.' " I remember receiving, when at school, as an " im- position," for persistently translating y\avKib-nii; " green," or rather " sea-green eyed," as many hundred lines of the yEneid as there were letters in the offending epithet. A couplet, which pro- bably prompted the offence, still clings to my memory in connexion with this incident of my " salad " days ; it comes, perhaps, from an imita- tion of some old French or Spanish ballad, and refers of course to the eyes of some fair damsel : " Now they were green as a morning sea, And now they were black as black can be." Late years have added strength to the viridity of this opinion, and, to use the words of Ursinus, "quid oculis Smaragdinis l^tius ? visuve jucun- dius ? " Indeed, I can only think of the goddess, " too wise to look through optics black or blue," as possessed of eyes tinged with the emerald. Will any correspondent say why we should not so interpret Homer's epithet ? A. Challsteth. PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. Dr. ManseWs Process (Vol. xi., pp. 33, 84.). — It is with very considerable pleasure that I notice the commu- nication from Du. M.vnsell, detailing an improved me- thod of developing the preserved coUodioniscd plates. It is evidently so perfect and so simple of application, that there can be but one opinion about the matter. I need scarcely add that I shall certainly adopt it, and beg to offer my best thanks for so happy a suggestion. With a manipulator so sagacious as Dk. Majjsell, there is no photographic process that is good iu principle that could ultimately fail in his hands. Geo. Shadbolt. 3Ir. Thompson's Copies of the Raphael Drawings. — By what process did Mr. Thurston Thompson procure his negatives of the Raphael Drawings, so justly praised by you in your notice of the Photographic Exliibition ? Will that gentleman be kind enough to say whether it was by simple superposition? or were they taken hy the camera'? K. D. Talbot V. Laroche. — We are glad to hear that the qucestio vexata which has so long agitated the photogra- phic world, is at length at rest. We understand that on the one hand no attempt is to be made to set aside the verdict, nor on the other to raise the points of law which ■were mooted at the trial; and finally that Mr. Talbot, notwithstanding he has been a great loser by the ex- penses incurred in the experiments, &c., undertaken by him before taking out his patent, does not intend to per- severe in his application for its renewal. " HiUotype. — We have received the following from Mr. Hill, in relation to the natural colours. We are unable to give any farther information upon this subject than that which the notice contains. We may sav, how- ever, that one cause of Mr. Hill's delay is owing" to the lingering illness of his wife, who is at the present moment lying very low with consumption. He says, ' Her case has required and received most of my attention for a year past, or, without any doubt, I would have been out with the colours.' " ' The Natural Colours. — Daguerreotypists, and others, who wish to be informed as to my present plan for im- parting a knowledge of my Heliochromic Process, will please furnish me, postage paid (no other will be received), Avith their Names, Post Office, County, and State. Those who do so will be addressed with full particulars. My delay for the past year, and other matters, will be satis- factorily explained. Address, L. L. Hill, Westkill, Greene Co., N". Y. " ' Westkill, Dec. 11, 1854.' " From Humphrey's Journal of the Daguerreotype, Sfc. 3RejjIicS ta ^tnar €i\itviei. Sir Becil Grenville (Vol x., p. 417. ). — T. E. D. sent a letter of Sir Bevil Grenville's for insertion. Will you be so good as to give place to these lines of inquiry, to ask whether T. E. D. is aware of any other letters of Sir Bevil Grenville hitherto unpublished ? or of any MS. annals of that illus- trious family, as an antiquary is desirous to trace the early history and connexion between the Grenville branch at Stowe in Cornwall, and George Lord Lansdowne the poet. Did the latter ever live at Stowe? and when did the Cornwall property pass into other hands ? Again, in what degree of consanguinity did Sir Richard Grenville, Lord of Neath Abbey in Glamorgan, South Wales, stand to the renowned Sir Bevil and Lord Lansdowne ? and what caused the breaking up of the Grenville branch in South Wales ? G. G. Anecdote of Canning (Vol. xi,, p. 12.). — If E. P. S. will turn to the second series of A Resi- dence at the Court of London, by Richard Rush, the American ambassador, he will, I believe, find the anecdote he is in search of. I cite this from memory. The game is not of twenty-one, but that of "Twenty questions;" and on this occasion, if I remember rightly, eighteen or nineteen had been asked when Canning guessed " The Wand of the Lord High Steward." The success of the ques- tion depends upon his power of logical division, and with this aid it rarely requires even twenty questions to arrive at the object thought of. D. W. Biblical Question (Vol. x., p. 495.). — You no- tice a Bible (Cambridge, 1663), sold for fifteen guineas at Sotheby and Wilkinson's, having ^2 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. (1 Tim. iv. 16.) "Thy" instead of "The" doc- trine. Will you or any of your readers inform me of the cause of value of this volume ? Is it from its being supposed to be an intentional mis- print, or the rarity of the edition ? I possess one of the date of 1660 (John Field, London), having the same reading of the above passage. H. W. D. The Episcopal Wig (Vol. xi., p. 11.). — The first modern bishop who abandoned the episcopal wig, was the Honourable Edward Legge, Bishop of Oxford, 1815 ; and he, it was said, had a special permission from the Prince Regent to do so. E. F. James ll.'s Writings (Vol. x., p. 485.). — G. N. inquires whether certain devotional writings by King James II. were ever published, and, if so, under what title, &c. ? I have an " Abridgment of the Life of James II., extracted from an English manuscript of the Eev. Father Francis San- ders, of the Society of Jesus, and Confessor to his late Majesty, &c. "Also, a Collection of the said King's own Thoughts upon several subjects of Piety, by Father Francis Britton- neau, one of the same Society. Done out of French from the Paris Edition. 1703. London, printed for R. Wilson, Bookseller at Maidstone in Kent, and sold by the Book- sellers of London and Westminster. 1704. Price 2s." 12mo. pp. 192. from p. 109. to the end are — " The Sentiments of James II. upon divers subjects of Piety," which collection, such as it is, says the French translator's advertisement, " is no more than a plain and faithful Translation of what he had set down with his own hand in English." " The approbation " of this work is dated Paris, the 13th of December, 1702. E. P. Shirley. Houndshill. Canons of York (Vol. xi., p. 11.). — The va- cancy of a canon residentiary of York is obliged to be given, not to the first man, but to the pre- bendary of York, who applies for it. My au- thority is a prebendary of that cathedral. E. F. Rose of Sharon ■=■ Jericho (Vol. x., p. 508.). — I think Mr. Middleton must allude to the " Rose of Jericho," Anastatica hierochuntica, a cruciferous plant, the Kaf Maryam, " Mary's Hand," of the Arabs, which, growing in the wastes of Arabia and Palestine, has the property of recovering its fresh- ness when placed in water, after having been ga- thered and dried. Most botanical works will give farther information on this point. Seleucds. Eminent Men bom in the same Year (Vol. xi., p. 27.). — Looking at the circumstances that your correspondent has taken both England and France, and has included Chateaubriand and Castlereagh, it is not too much to suppose that twenty men might have been named, Englishmen or French- men, of whom seven being born in the same year would be quoted as a coincidence. Again, co- temporaries of the highest note are usually between fifty and sixty years of age at the same time. The search for a coincidence, then, may be fairly conducted by picking out twenty men of fame who are born in the same decade. Supposing each year of that decade to be as likely as any other to be the year of birth, it is not more than seventeen to three against some one year giving seven or more of them. It is about an even chance that the coincidence would be found once, at least, in four trials. It appears then that of twenty cotemporaries who are within ten years of each other, it is not six to one against seven or more being of one year. And it is never difficult to find, in two great countries, twenty such cotemporaries who are all of high fame. It is true that a cluster containing men so remarkable as Napoleon and Wellington cannot often be found. 1. 4. 13. Murray of Broughton (Vol. x., p. 144.). — In answer to Y. S. M., I beg to inform him that there is no proof that Mungo Murray of Brough- ton (or Brochtoun), who had a charter in 1508 of lands in Galloway, was second son of Cuthbert Murray of Cockpool, as stated by the inaccurate peerage writer Douglas. It is very likely, how- ever, that he was a cadet of that family. " Johne of Murray, of Kirkcassalt, sone and ayr of Un- quhile Stevin of Murray of Brochtoun," is pur- suer of an action before the Lords Auditors, March 23, 1481; and is styled "of Brochtoun" in a subsequent notice respecting the lands of Kirkcassalt in 1490. Between these dates, how- ever, appears the name of " Moungo Murray of Brochton ;" and I have met with notices of " Herbert Murray, son to Unquhile Mungo Mur- ray of Brochtoun," as flourishing in 1563 and 1564. A descendant, probably George Murray of Brochtoun, had a charter in 1602 of the lands of Mekill Brochtoun and Little Brochtoun ; in which, after the heirs male of his body, John Murray (afterwards Earl of Annandale), son of Charles Murray of Cockpool and the heirs male of his body, whom failing, William Murray and Mal- colm Murray, brothers-german of George, and their heirs male respectively, are called to the succession. It is probable that George was father of John Murray of Brochtoun, who married a coheiress of Cockpool, as mentioned by Y. S. M. R. R. Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Vol. x., p. 301.). — In the notice of James Sandilands several mistakes occur, which only require to be noticed. Sir James Sandilands is said to have resigned the property of the Order into the hands of the Queen of England., instead of the Queen of Scotland. Torphichen is printed Torphicen ; and Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUEKIES. 73 Polraaise, Polonaise. Sir James sat in the Scot- tish Parliament at the head of the Barons as Lord St. John, in virtue of his office of Preceptor of Torphichen ; and after the erection of the posses- sions of the Order into the temporal lordship of Torphichen, was designated " Lord St. John," " Lord Torphichen," and " Lord St. John of Je- rusalem," indiscriminately. He was dead in 1587, being in that year called "deceased;" and from his grandnephew and heir descends the present Lord Torphichen. K. R. Charles I. andhis Relics (Vol. vi., pp. 173. 578.; Vol. vii., p. 184. ; Vol. x., pp. 245. 416. 469.). — Your correspondent Mr. Hughes suggests that a list of authentic relics of the royal martyr would be an acceptable oifering to " N. & Q." Allow me to contribute my mite towards such an under- taking, by the following extract from Hillier's Narrative of the attempted Escapes of Charles I., London, 1852: " An ancestor of the name of Howe, of Mr. Thomas Cooke, now resident at Newport, in the Isle of Wight, was at this time [Jan., 1648] Master Gunner at the Castle of Carisbrook ; and as a mark of the king's sense of the attention' paid to him by that officer, he on one occasion presented him with the staff he was using. The ivory head of this relic is still in the possession of Mr. Cooke ; it is inlaid with silver, and unscrews, the top forming a scent-box. Mr. Howe had also a son, a little boy who was a great favourite of Charles : one day, seeing him with a child's sword by his side, the king asked him what he intended doing with it ? 'To defend your majesty from your majesty's enemies,' was the reply ; an answer which so pleased the king, that he gave the child the signet ring he was in the habit of wearing upon his finger. The ring has descended to a Mr. Wallace (of Southsea), a kinsman of Mr. Cooke. " It is also recorded that Mr. Worseley of Gatcombe, received his Majesty's watch (still preserved in the family) as a gift, the morning he was leaving the island," &c. Engravings of the cane-head and ring are given at p. 79. of the work. Perhaps the following extract from the Diary of Capt. Richard Symonds may serve to discover the whereabouts of the king's chess-board. " (May 1644). Round about the king's chess-board this verse : ' Subditus et Princeps istis sine sanguine certent.' " Z.z. * Epigram in a Bible (Vol. xi., p. 27.). — Perhaps some of your readers, while looking up the author of this epigram, may happen to find out the author of the following translation : " One day at least in every week. The sects of every kind, Their doctrines here are sure to seek. And just as sure to find." It is rather an illustration of our monosyllabic language, that though the translation has' more niatter than the original, yet, counting every as a dissyllable, it has one syllable less. M. Authority of Aristotle (Vol. x., p. 508.). — In his Hist. Aiiim., iii. 5., Aristotle says : " To 5e vevpa tois ^loois exet tovtov 70;* rpoirov. ri fi.ev op^rj (tat TOVTOtv iiTTiv eK rrji xapStas." Thus translated by Theod. Gaza : " Nervorum mox ordinem persequemur. Origo eorum quoque in corde est." See also De Spiritu, cc. vi. ix. There can be no doubt, therefore, as to the opinion of Aristotle, that the nerves have their origin in the heart. Dr. Southwood Smith (Phil, of Health, i, 76.) appears to corroborate the Aristotelian view : " The organic nerves, distributed to the organic organs, take their origin and have their chief seat in the cavities that contain the main instruments of the organic life, namely, the chest and abdomen. These nerves encom- pass the great trunks of the blood-vessels that convey arterial blood to the organic organs." T. J. BUCKTON. Lichfield. " Kostliche Beispiele von der unglaublichen Verstockt- heit der scholastiker f iihrt Galilai in seinem Dialogus de Systemate Mundi (Colloq. 2 August. Treboc. 1635) an. Ein beriihmter Arzt zu Venedig demonstrirte ad oculos in einer anatomischen Vorlesung, dass der grosste Nerven- stamm von Him ausgehe und nur ein sehr dunner Faden gleich einem Funiculus zum Herzen dringe, und wandte sich dann mit der Frage an einen anwesenden Peripate- tiker, ob er sich nicht iiberzeugt habe, dass der Ursprung der Nerven das Gehirn und nicht das Herz sei ? Aber der Peripatetiker gah zur Antwort, nachdem er sich eine Zeit lang besonnen hatte : ' Equidem ita aperte rem ocu- lis subjecisti, ut nisi textus Aristotelius aperte nervos ex corde deducens obstaret, in sententiam suam pertractures me fueris.' " — P. 258. (Feuerbach, Pierre Bayle, Leipzig, 1848.) H. B. C. U. U. Club. Farranfs Anthem (Vol. ix., p. 9.). — Farrant, in his anthem, appears to have compiled it from several sources, probably the following : "Lord, for Thy tender mercies' sake [St. Luke i. 78., St. James v. 11.], forgive us that which is past ; [forgive us all that is past, — Con/., Holy Communion.'] and give us grace to amend our sinful lives; [That it may please Thee to endue us with the grace of Thy Holy Spirit, to amend our lives, — Litany.] that we may incline to virtue [Lord, incline our hearts to keep this law, — Comm., Holy Communion.'] and decline from vice. [Concede, ut ad nul- lum declinemus peccatum, — Breviar. Sarish., f. 13.]" Mackenzie Walcott, M.A. Well Chapel (Vol. x., p. 525.). — Dunheoed writes, " The spring of water flows from under the altar, which is marked with four crosses." After a tolerably extensive search I must admit I have never found an altar or tombstone so marked, the very usual number of crosses on Roman Catholic altars erected during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is " five," intended as sym- bols of the five wounds of Christ ; some few are marked with " seven," these are figurative of the seven sorrows of the Virgin ; and to these may be 74 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. added the number of " eight," a rare occurrence, and perhaps used only on tombstones, where they ai'e commemorative of the eight Beatitudes. Your correspondent will confer a great kindness by ex- plaining the meaning intended to be conveyed by " four crosses." In modern Roman Catholic altars, no longer or rarely built of stone, a small square piece of marble is let into the wood on which a single cross is inserted. Henry Davbney. '■'■ Condendaque Lexica" <^c. (Vol. ix., p. 421.; Vol. X., p. 116.). — These lines, for which Mr. Gantillon inquires, and which are quoted in the preface to Liddell and Scott's Lexicon, will be found, as might be expected, in the Poemata of our great English lexicographer Dr. Johnson. They occur as follows in the first verse of the well-known poem, " rNnei seayton. (Post Lexicon Anglicanum auctum et emendatum.) " Lexicon ad finem longo luctamine tandem Scaliger ut duxit, tenuis pertsesus opellas, Vile indignatus studiuni, nugasque molestas, Ingemit exosus, scribendaque iexica mandat Dainnatis, poenam pro poenis omnibus unam," &c. This has been very pleasingly rendered in En- glish verse by his biographer Mr. Murphy (" Es- say on the Life and Genius of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.," prefixed to many editions of the Dic- tionary and Works'), which 1 shall here transcribe : " KNOW YOURSELF. (After revising and enlarging the English Lexicon or Dictionary.) " When Scaliger, whole years of labour past, Beheld his Lexicon complete at last, And, weary of his task, with wond'ring eyes, Saw from words piled on words a fabric rise, He cursed the industry, inertly strong. In creeping toil that could persist so long ; ■'And if,' enraged he cried, 'Heaven meant to shed Its keenest vengeance on the guilty head, The drudgery of words the damn'd would know, Doom'd to write Lexicons in endless woe,' " &c. It appears from the above that B. H. C. was quite correct in attributing the original lines to Jos. Scaliger. The epigram which he noted will be found in the Gentleman! s Magazine for 1748, p. 8., and which, as Mr. Murphy remarks, was " communicated without doubt by Dr. Johnson " to his friend " unwearied Urban." J. li. G. Dublin. Rhymes connected with Places (Vol. v., p. 293.). — The following are in the moorlands of Stafibrd- shire, not far from Alton ; Grin is Grindon : " Calton, Caldon, Waterfall, and Grin, Are the four fou'est places I ever was in." Ita tester. Gulielmus Fraser, J. C. B. Alton, Staffordshire. Poetical Tavern Signs (Vol. x., pp. 33. 329.).— At Sti-eet-Bridge, Chadderton, near Manchester, referring to a coalpit chimney hard by : " Altho' the engine smoke be black. If you'll walk in I've ale like sack." John Scribe. In riding through Dorsetshire two or three years ago, my attention was caught in passing by a very old sign-board, representing a stag with a ring round its neck, and the following lines below : " When Julius Caesar reigned here, I was then but a little deer ; When Julius Ca;sar reigned king, ' Upon my neck he placed this ring. That whoso me might overtake, Sliould spare my life for Caesar's saltar" The stag was almost effaced, and the lines were much obliterated by the action of rain and sun. The inn is called " King's Stag." It is on your right, a little off the road from l^ydlinch to Ilasel- bury Bryan. Before you come to it, you pass an inn called " Green Man," with a very old sign-board, representing a gentleman entirely clad in green. Philologus. Bolinghrohes Advice to Swift (Vol. x., p. 346. ; Vol. xi., p. 54.). — Mr. Breen does not seem to be aware of the fact that, in French, instructions (lirdonnances) are commonly put in the infinitive, rarely in the imperative. Such being the fact, there is no need to adopt the suggested change of r into z, at the end of the verbs nourrisser,fatiguer, and laisser. Mr. Breen charitably suggests that by soupir I probably intended soupirer. Certainly : the error was occasioned by the proximity ois'asxoupir in my note. I think soupirer far preferable to ■ sonner, and I have now little doubt that the former ! was Bolingbroke's word. Allow me to thank I Mr. Breen for his reply. Though I have been obliged to dissent from some of his remarks on I Sterne's French, I am fully sensible of the sound- i ness of most of his criticisms on French composi- i tion, and think he has done good service for " N. & Q." C. Mansfield Ingleby. Birmingham. I Tenure per Baroniam (Vol. ii., p. 302. ; Vol. x., I p. 474.). — Bard and Rev. AVilliam Fraser ar^ I referred to a treatise, entitled Tenure and Peerage by Barony, published by Messrs. Stevens & Norton in August, 1853, where they will find the subject in question discussed. Copies of the pamphlet are left for them with the writer's com- pliments at the publisher's, Mr. Bell's, 186. Fleet Street. Anon. Earthenware Vessels found at Fountains Abbey (Vol. X., p. 386.). — It was a frequent practice to use bellarmines, or grey-beards (the glazed jugs Jan. 27. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 75 so called from a bearded mark on tbe neck), in the construction of old walls. There are constant examples of this in England. The object was probably to combine strength with lightness, on the principle of our modern hollow bricks. In the upper portion of the wall of Caracalla's Circus, near Rome, are many large globular amphora? embedded in the masonry in rows. W. J. Bebnhard Smith. Temple. Jtibilee of 1809 (Vol. xi., p. 13.). — An Account of the Celebration of the Jubilee of 1 809, in various Parts of the Kingdom, was published in a quarto volume at Birmingham shortly after. A copy is or was on sale at Russell Smith's, Soho Square. An ex-Lady Boswell Scuoi^\e. NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. The decision of the great literary prizes, Tlie Burnett Bequest, for the two best treatises'" On the Being and Attributes of God," took place at Aberdeen on Saturday last. The successful competitors were, for the first prize, of 1800/., the Rev. Robert Anchor Thompson, A.M., of Louth, Lincolnshire; and for the second, of 600/., tlie Eev. John TuUoch, Principal of St. Mary's College, St. Andrew's. There were no less than 208 competitors, and the judges, Professor Baden Powell, Mr. Henry Rogers, and Mr. Isaac Taylor, were unanimous in their decision. Thej' reported very favourably of several others of the very numerous essays submitted to their judgment. The Rev. Canon Stanley, whose article on the " IMurder of Becket " in the Quarterly Review for Sef)tember, 1853, was read with so much interest by historical students, has reprinted it in a volume entitled Historical Memorials of Canterbury, lie has thrown in as make-weights three other papers, namely, the Landing of Augustine; E<1- ward the Black Prince ; and Becket's Shrine, being the substance of four lectures delivered by him. These, how- ever, are inferior in value, because obviously less care- fully prepared than his contribution to the Quarterly Re- view. But tliej' have been illustrated with many curious and valuable notes by Mr. Albert Way, one of which, on a subject formerly discussed in our columns, namely, " The Pilgrim's Road," will be read with interest by all who took part in that discussion. If Lord John Russell's definition o'' a Proverb- — "The wisdom of manj' and the wit of one'' .— be correct; and if Lord Bacon be justified in declaring, that " the genius, wit, and spirit of a nation are discovered by their proverbs;" what a book of wit and wisdom, what an illustration of national character of the English, must that be which Mr. Bohn has recently issued under the title of A Handbook of Proverbs, §-c. .' And, certainly, a very curious collection it is. It certainly does not contain, as it professes to do, " an entire republication pf Ray's Collection of English Proverbs:" for no publisher could reprint Ray's work entire, and Mr. Bohn has ad- mitted quite as much of it as he decently could ; yet the collection is a valuable find useful one, and made still more so by its extensive Index. If it be a well-founded observation, that the life of any man written with truth must be of interest, how much interest must there also be in a like trutlif'ul history of any city, — a history which shall tell, not only of its bricks and mortar, or even of the scenes enacted in it, but also of those who congregated within its walls, and made its name famous among the people of the earth. Pennant did much of this for London, Saintfoix for Paris ; and we cannot bestow higher praise upon Ttie History of the City of Dublin by J. T. Gilbert, of which the first volume is now before us, than by saying that the Honorary Secretary of the Irish Archa3ological and Celtic Society has produced a work which may well be placed beside those models of amusing and instructive topo- graphy. The volume is replete Avith most curious matter, suggestive of manj' interesting inquiries, and deserves such patronage as will insure its early completion. It is altogether most creditable to the author. Books Received. — Gibbon's Roman Empire, with Notes by Milman and Gnizot, edited by Dr. Smith, Vol, VI., which carries the work down to the fifty-second chapter. Voyages and Discoveries in the Arctic Regions, by F. Mayne. This, the 73rd number of Longman's Traveller's Library, contains a clear " bird's-eye view " of a subject to which recent events have lent a painful interest. An Introductory Sketch of Sacred History, being a Con- cise Digest of Notes and Extracts from tlie Bible, and from the Works of approved Authors. Written by the author for the use of his own family, this compilation will be found useful in other families. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUME.S WANTED TO PURCHASE. Shakspeabe. By Johnson and Steyens. 15 Vols. 8to. 1793. The Fifth Volume. Memoih ok .John Bbthcne, tjie Scotch Poet. By his brother, Alex- ander Betliune. Intuoductobv Kssai on English ITistoby, prefixed to "Lives of the Statesmen of the Commonwealth," by John I'orster, Esq. Longman & Co. Cawood's Sermons. 2 Vols. Svo. Theopuilacteri Opera Omnia. •»• Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriaije. free, to be sent to Ma. Bei.i., Publisher of "NOXtS AND QLEKIES," 186. Fleet Street. Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the centlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and ad- dresses are given for that purpose : Dibdin's TYrocRAPHicAL Antiquities. 4to. Vol. n, Gbkene Anne : News from the Dead. 4tn. 1651. LipscdMu's Buckinuhamshire. 4to. Kight Parts complete . Scottish Pasquii-s. Svo. Three Parts. Wanted by C. S., 12. Gloucester Green, Oxford. Th« PotiTicAi, Contest. Letters Ijetween Junius and Sir W. Draper. London, Newberry. No date. A Collection of the Letters op Atticus, Lucius, Jcnius, &c. Almon, 1769. Letters of Jonios. 1 Vol. 12mo. 1770. No Publisher's name. Ditto Ditto 1770. Published by W'heble. DiTSO Ditto 1771. Ditto. Junius Discotebed. By P. T. 1789. Reasons fob bejecting the Evidence of Mb. Almon. 1807. Anothbh Guess at Junius. 1309. Enquibt concerning the Author of the Letters of Junius. By Roche. 1813. Attempt to ascertain thh Author of Junius. By Blakeway. 1813. Sequel of Attempt. 1815. A Great Personage proved to have been Junius. No date. A DiscoVERv OF the Author of the Letters of Junius. Taylor and Hessey. 1813. Junius Unmasked. 1819. The Claims op Sir P. Francis refuted. 1822. Who was Junius ? 1837. Pope's DuNciAD. Jnd Edition. 17J8. Ditto 3rd Edition. 1728. Key to the Dunciad. 1728. Ditto 2nd Edition. 1728. The Ijonhon Museum of Politics, Miscellanies, and Literature. 4 Vols. 8vo. 1769, 1770. Wanted by William J. Thorns. Esq. , 25. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster. History op the Monastery at Tynemooth. By Wm. S. Gibson, Esq. Vol. IL ■Wanted by Mr. Robert S. 5a?mon, The White Cross, ITewcastle-on-Tync. 76 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274.. BI.TI8A ; a Tragedy. 1763. Wantod by Frederick Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington. BoBNs's Poems. Printed for the Author, 1787, and sold by "Wra. Creech. Gray's Klbov. 1751. Printed by Dodsley. For these a liberal price will be given. TheRamblkr. (Johnson's). Sharpe Edition. 1803. Vol. I., or the 4 Vols. Johnson's Works. Vol. II. ^^ Tbor.ndiks's Works. All the Vols, after Vol. IV. Wanted by Thomas Hayes, Bookseller, Hunt's Bank, Manchester. A few MS. Letters of Hornb Tooke. Written between 1760 and 1780. GuiXIVERlANA BT A1.EXANDRIA. Catalogue op the Library of Jno. Wilkes. Priced. (" Liberty Wilkes.") Book of Sports. A Tract, time of Charles I. JcNiDs Discovered. By Philip Thickness. Tract. 1789. Collection of all the remarkable and personal passages in The Briton, North Briton, and Auditor. 1766. The Vices. A small Poem published by Phillips. 12mo. 1828. Akecdotes op Junius ; to which is prefixed the King's Reply. 1771. Petition of an Englishman. By Tooke. 177-. An Attempt to ascertain the Author op Junius. By Rev. J. B. Blakeway. 1813. Another Tract, same subject, by Blakeway. Wanted by Thomas Jepps, 2. Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row. Gmelin's Handbook of Chemistry. Published by Cavendish Society. Wanted by Mr. F. M. Rimmingion, Bradford, Yorkshire. Sacred Thoughts in Verse, by William Sewell, M. A. Published by Jas. Bohn, 12. King William Street, West Strand. 18a''). Wanted by W. H., Post Office, Dunbar. Siaiitti tti C0rrej{poiiOeiits. Balliolensis. The letter Icindly foi-warded lias already been printed m two or three places. Park's letter would be very acceptable. Indoctus. The saying referred to is one of several proverbs in the same spvnt; its author certainly cannot be ascertained. Jarltzbero. We have not been able to ascertain who was the author of the pamphlet referred to. Errata. — Vol. x., p. 417. 1. 9. col. I., for " 1842 " read" 1612 ; " p. 52t. col. 1. 1. 11., for " Memoirs of a Paint Brush," read " Memories of a Pamt Brush ; Vol. xi., p. 23. col. 1. 1. 19., for " suffered," read " sup- posed ; p. 39. 1. 8., for " longer," read " larger ; " p. 44. col. 1. 1. 24.,/or ruggedness, read " raggedness," and 1. 48., /or " Imen," read " lice."'' A few complete sets of Notes and Queries. Vols. I. to X., arc being made up, and wUl be ready next ivcek, price Five Guineas. For these early application is desirable. They may be had by order of ami Book- seller or Newsman. "Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday. "Notes AND Queries" is also issued in Monthly Parts,/j>- the con- venience of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the un- stamped weekly Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties resident in the country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the weekly Numbers, may have stamped copies forwarded direct from the Publuher.^ The subscription for the stamped edition q/" "Notes and Queries" (.inclmiing a very copious Index) is eleven shillings and four- pence for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of the Publisher, Mr. George Bell, No. 186. Fleet Street. Boax's Standard Library for February. /SONDE'S HISTORY OF THE \ J DOMINION OF THE ARABS IN SPAIN. Translated from the Spanish, by MRS. FOSTER. In Three Volumes. Vol.11. Post 8T0. cloih. 3s. 6rf. HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Bohn's British Classics for February. BURKE'S WORKS, Volume II., containing his Reflections on the French Revolution; i.etters relating to the Bristol Election ; Speech on Fox's East India Bill, &c. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6rf. HENRY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street, Coveut Garden. BoHN*s Scientific Library for February. HUNTS ELEMENTARY PHYSICS ; an Introduction to the Study of Natural Philosophy. By ROBERT HUNT, Professor of Mechanical Science at the Government School of Mines. New and Revised Edition, with 217 Wood Engravings and coloured Frontispiece. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s. HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. THE WORKS OF PHILO JTTDiEUS, translated from the Greek by C. D. YONGi-;. B.A. In Four Volumes. Vol. III., containing : On the Life of Moses ; On the Ten Commandments ; On Circumci- sion ; On Monarchy ; On the Festivals ; On Rewards and Punishments ; On Curses ; On Nobility, &c. Poot 8vo. cloth. 5s. HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, ft 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Bohn's Classical Library for Fesrcart. QUETONIUS. LIVES OF THE O TWELVE C^SARS, and other Works. The Translation of THOMSON, revised, with Notes, by T. FORESTER, ESQ. Post 8vo. cloth. 5». HENBY Q. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Bohn's Illustrated Library for February. ROBINSON CRUSOE, M-ith Illustrations by STOTHARD and HARVEY, 12 beautiful engravings on steel, and 74 on wood. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s. HENBY G. BOHN, 4. 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. NEW EDITIONS OF POPTTLAB WORKS. DICTIONARY OF PRACTI- CAL RECEIPTS, by G. FRANCIS, F.L.S.. containing 5000 Receipts in Trade and Manufacture, Domestic Economy and Medi- cine, Ornamental Processes, &c. %s. 6d. FRANCIS'S DICTIONARY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, explaining Terms, Materials, Processes, &c., with 1100 Engravings. 10s. FRANCIS'S CHEMICAL Ex- periments, explaining the Uses, Manu- facture, Purification, ac, of all Chemical Sub- stances. 6s. FRANCIS'S ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTS; illustrating the Theory and Practice, and the Making and Mana^ ing Apparatus. 3s. MAGAZINE OF SCIENCE AND SCHOOL OF ARTS, illustrative of Modern Science, with many hundred Processes and numerous Explanatory Engravings. In 6 vols. 8s! each. J. ALLEN, 20. Warwick Lane, Paternoster Row ; and all Booksellers. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CXCI., is Published THIS DAY. Contents : I. FIRES AND FIRE INSURANCE. II. JOHN DALTON — ATOMIC CHE- MISTBY. m. PICTURES OF LIFE AND CHA- RACTER-LEECH. IV. BRODIK'S PSYCHOLOGICAL EN- QUIRIFS. V. CLKRIi AL ECONOMICS. VI. THE DOMESTIC HEARTH. VII. PROVIDENT INS 1 ITUTIONS. VIIL THE CAMPAIGN IN THE CRIMEA. IX. CORSICA. X. THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. CURIOSITIES OF LONDON. Now ready, in a closely printed Volume of 800 pages, price 14s.. with a Portrait of the Author, painted by T. J. Gullick. /CURIOSITIES OF LONDON: \J exhibiting the most Rare and Remark- able < ibjects of Interest in the Metropolis, and its History ; with nearly Fifty Years' Personal Recollections. By JOHN TIMES, F.S.A.. Editor of "Laconics," "The Year-Book of Facts," &c. DAVID BOGUE, 86. Fleet Street. MAY'S PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICE. Third Edition. This Day is published, 8vo., 2.TS. cloth. \ PRACTICAL TREATISE ri. ON THE LAW, PRIVILEGES, PROCF.EDINGS, AND USAGE OF PAR- LIAMENT. By THOMAS ERSKINE MAY, ESQ.. of the Middle Temple, Barrister- at- Law; Examiner of Petitions for Private Bills in both Houses of Parliament, and Taxing-Officer of 'he House of Commons. Contents: Bookl. Constitution, Powers, and Privileges of Par- liament. Book II. Practice and Proceedings in Parliament. Book III. The Manner of Passing Private Bills, showing the Practice in both Houses, with the Standing Orders, and most Recent Precedents. Third Edition, re- vised and enlarged. London : BUTTERWORTHS, 7. Fleet Street, .,aw Publishers to the Queen's most Excel- lent Majesty. Just published, in paper cover, sewed, super- royal 8vo., price lOs. piOTTO AND HIS WORKS VT IN PADUA. (Being an explanatory Notice of the Series of 'Wood Engravings executed for the Arundel Society, alter the frescoes in the Arena Chapel.) By JOHN BUSKIN. Part I. N.B — In consequence of the numerous appli- cations for the Essay contributed by Mr. Ruskim to thejifth year's mihlication of the Society, ife Assurance. By AR- THUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Lite Assurance Society, 3. Parlia- ment Street, Loudon. 50,000 CURES WITHOUT MEDICINE. DU BARRYS DELICIOUS REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD CURES indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation and diarrhoea, dysentery, nervousness, bilious- ness and liver complaints, flatulency, disten- sion, acidity, heartburn, palpitation of the heart, nervous headaches, deafness, noises in the head and ears, pains in almost every part of the body, tic douloureux, faceache, chronic inflammation, cancer and ulceration of the stomach, pains at the pit of the stomach and between the shoulders, erysipelas, eruptions of the skin, boils and carbuncles, impurities and poverty of the blood, scrofula, cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, rheumatism, gout, nausea and sickness during pregnancy, after eating, or at sea, low spirits, spasms, cramps, epileptic fits, spleen, general debility, inquie- tude, sleeplessness, involuntary blushing, pa- ralysis, tremors, dislike to society, unfitness for study, loss of memory, delusions, vertigo, blood to the head, exhaustion, melancholy, ground- less fear, indecision, wretchedness, thoughts of self-destruction, and many other complaints. It is, moreover, the best food for infants and invalids generally, as it never turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor interferes with a good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion, and nervous and muscularenergy to the most enfeebled. In whooping cough, measles, small-pox, and chicken or wind pox:, it renders all medicine superfluous by re- moving all inflammatory and feverish symp- toms. Important Caotion against the fearf\il dangers of spurious imitations : — The Vice- Chancellor bir William Page Wood granted an Injunction on March 10, 1854. against Alfred Hooper Nevill, for imitating "Du Barry's Revaleuta Arabica Food." BARRY, DU BARRY, & CO., 77. Regent Street, London. A few out ofaa,Vfm Cures: Cure No. 52,422 : _ " I have suffered these thirty-three years continually from diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, deafness, singing in the ears, constipation, debility, shortness of breath and cough ; and during that period taken so much medicine, that I can safely say I have laid out upwards of a thousand pounds with the chemists and doctors. I have actually worn out two medical men during my ailments, without finding any improvement in my health. Indeed I was in utter despair, and never expected to get over it, when I was fortunate enough to become acquainted with your Revaleuta Arabica ; which. Heaven be praised, restored me to a state of health which I long since despaired of attaining. My lungs, liver, stomach, head, and ears, are all right, my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a marvel to all my acquaint- ances. I am, respectfully, " Jahrs Roberts. " Bridgehouse, Frimley, April 3, 1854." No. 42,130. Major-General King, cure of ge- neral debility and nervousness. No. 32,1 10. Captain Parker D. Bingham, R.N., who was cured of twenty-seven years' dyspepsia in six weeks' time. Cure No. 28,416. Williaf Hunt, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, sixty years' partial pa- ralysis. No. 32, 814. Captain Allen, recording the cure of a lady from epileptic fits. No. 26,419. The Rev. Charles Kerr, a cure of functional disorders. No. 24,814. The Rev. Thomas Min- ster, cure of five years' nervousness, with spasms and daily vomitings. No. 41,617. Dr. James Shorland, late surgeon in the 96th Regiment, a cure of dropsy. No. 52,418. Dr. Gries, Magdeburg, record- ing the cure of his wife from pulmonary con- sumption, with night sweats and ulcerated lungs, which had resisted all medicines, and appeared a hopeless case. No. 52,421. Dr. Gat- tiker, Zurich ; cure of cancer of the stomach and fearfully distressing vomitings, habitual flatulency, and colic. All the above parties will be happy to answer any inquiries. In canisters, suitably packed for all cli- mates, and with full instructions — lib., is. 9rf.; 21b., 4s. 6d. ; 51b., lis. ; 121b., 22s. ; super- refined, lib.. &s.; 21b.. Us. ; 51b., 22s.; lOlb., 33s. The lolb. and 121b. carriage free, on post- office order. Barry, Du Barry, & Co., 77. Regent Street, London; Fortnum, Mason, & Co., purveyors to Her Majesty, Piccudilly : also at 60. Gracechurch Street ; 330. Strand ; of Barclay, Edwards, Sutton, Sanger, Hannay, Newberry, and may be ordered through all re- spectable Booksellers, Grocers, and Chemists. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 274. IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CELTIC SOCIETY. The object of this Society is to print, with Enaclish Translations and Annotations, the unpublished documents illustrative of Irish History, especially those in the Irish Lan<5uage ; also to protect the Monumental and Architectural Remains of Ireland, by directing public attention to their preservation. The publication of Twenty Volumes has been completed by the Irish Archaeological Society, founded in 1840, and the Celtic Society, established in 1845. The present Society has been formed by the union of these two bodies. The Books of the Society are sold only to Subscribers, who are divided into two classes : Members, who pay 3/. admission, and 1/. per annum ; and Associates, who pay an annual subscription of 1/., without any entrance fee. PUBLICATIONS OF THE IRISH ARCHiEOIOGICAL SOCIETY. 1841. I. TRACTS RKLATINO TO IHELAND. Vol. I., containin;; :_ 1. The Ciretnt of Ireland by Muircheartach Mac Neill, Prince of Aileach ; a Poem written a.d. 942 bv Cormacan Eigeas, witli a Trans- lation and Notes, by JOHN O'DONOVAN. LL. D. 2. " A Brife Descripti'in of Ireland, a.d. l.WS, by Robert Payne, vnto xxv. of his partners, for whom he is vndertaker there." Reprinted, with a Preface and Notes, by AQUILLA SMITH, M.D. II. THE ANNALS OF IRELAND, br James Grace, of Kilkenny. Edited by the REV. RICH. BUTLER. Price 8s. 1842. I. THE BATTLE OF MAOH R ATTI (MOTR.A). Edited, with a Translation xnd Notes, by JOHN O'DONOVAN, LL.D. Price 10.i. IL TRACTS RELATING TO IRELA^fD,Vol IL, containins : — 1. " A Treatise of Ireland ; by John Dymmok." Edited by the REV. RICH. BITTLER. 2. The Annals of Muttifernan. Edited by AQUILLA SMITH, M.D. 3. A Statute passed at a Parliament held at Kilkenny, A.D. 1307. Edited by JAMES HARDIMAN, ESQ. Price 10s. 1S13. I. AN ACCOUNT OF THE TRIBES AND CUSTOMS OF HY- MANY, commonly called O'Kelly's Country. Edited, with a Trans- lation and Notes, by JOHN O'DONOVAN, LL.D. Price 12s. IL THE BOOrC OF OBITS AND MARTYROLOGY OF THE CATHEDR.AL OF THE HOLY TRINITY, commonly called Christ CHiurch, Dubliti. Eiitwl by JOHN C. CROSTHWAITE, A.M. With an Introduction by JAMES H. TODD, D.D. Price 12s. 1844. I. REGISTRU.M E^CLESIE OMNIUM SANCTORUM .TUXTA DUBLIN. Edited by the REV. RICHARD BUTLER. Price 7s. II. AN ACCOUNT OF THE TRIBES AND CUSTOMS OF THE DISTRICT OF IIY-FIACHRACH. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by JOHN O'DONOVAN, LL.D. Price los. A DESCRIPTION OF -WEST OR H-TAR CONN AUGHT, by Rnderic o'Flahertv. written a.d. 16S4. Edited by JAMES HARDI- MAN, ESQ. Price 15s. 1816. THE MISCELLANY OF THE IRISH ARCH.i;OLOGICAL SOCIETY. Vol. I. 1847. The Irish Version of the HISTORI.A BRTTONUM of Nennins. Ed'ted, with a Translation and Notes, by JAMES H. TODD, D.D., and Additional Notes, by the HON. ALGERNON HERBERT. Price las. 1848. THE LATIN ANNALISTS OF IRELAND ; edited with Notes by the Very REV. RICH. BUTLER, Dean of Clonmacnois, _ viz. : 1. The Annals of Ireland, by John Clyn, of Kilkenny. 2. The Annals of Ireland, by Thady Dowling, Chancellor of Leighlin. Price 8s. 1849-50. MACARl^ EXCiniUM, the Destruction of Cyprus : hcini a Se- cret History of the Civil War in Ireland, under James II. . by Col. Charles O Kelly. Edited by JOHN C. O'C.ALLAGHAN, ESQ. Price 1/. IS51. ACTS OF ARCHBISHOP COLTON in his Visitation of the Diocese ofDerry, A.D. 1397. Edited by WM. REEVES, D.D. (Not Sold.) [Presented to the Society by the Rct. Dr. Reeves.] \m2. SIR WM. PETTY'S NARRATIVE OF HIS PROCEEDINGS IN THE SURVP.Y OF IRELAND. Edited, with Notes, by THOS. A. LARCO.M, ESQ. Price 15s. 18.53. I. A TREATISE ON THE OGHAM OR OCCULT FORMS OF WRITING OF THE ANCIENT IRISH : with a Translation and Notes, by the REV. CHAS. GRAVES, D. D. Cln the Press.) PUBLICATIONS OF THE CELTIC SOCIETY. l-^abAft T1 V 7^-CftATic ; or, THE BOOK OF RIGHTS; a Treatise on the Rights and Privilecrcs of the Ancient Kin .'s of Ireland. Edited, with Translation and Notes, by JOHN O'DONOVAN, LL.D. Price U. 1848-50-51-52. CAMBRENSIS EVERSUS ; or. Refutation of Giraldus Cambrensis on the History of Ireland, by Dr. John Lynch (16621 Edited, with Translation and Notes, by the REV. MATT. KELLY. 3 Vols. Price il. 1849. THE MISCELLANY OF THE CELTIC SOCIETY. THE BATTLE OF MAGH LENA. ESQ. Price II. (In the Press.) Edited by EUGENE CURRY, PUBLICATIONS OF THE IRISH ARCHiEOLOGICAL AND CELTIC SOCIETY. THE LIBER HYMNORUM. or Book of Hymns of the Ancient Irish Church. Edited by JAMES H. TODD, D.D., First Fasciculus. (Now Ready.) THE WARS OF THE DANES IN IRELAND. With Trans- lation and Notes, bv JAMES H. TODD, DO., assisted by DH. O'DO- NOVAN and MR. EUGENE CURRY. (In the Press.) Subscriptions are received bv the Treasurer, AQUILLA SMITH, M.D., No. 121. Lower Baggot Street, Dublin; and by EDVV. CLIBBORN, Esq., Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. Printed by Tbomai Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefleld Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 8. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London : and publithed by Gkoroi Bill, of No. 18ti. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Pubtiiher, at No. 166. Fleet Street aforesaid Saturday, January 27, 1855. NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. •* Wliem found, make a note of." — Captain Cuttlk. No. 275.] Saturday, February 3. 1855. f Price Foiirpence. Stamped Edition, f^d. CONTENTS. Tase Books hurnt, by Rev. B. H. Cowper - "7 "Christie's Will," or" Cryistiswoll" - 78 Facts respecting Colour - - - 79 Notices of the Dead Sea, by ■William "Winthrop ----- 79 The Man in the Moon - - - 82 Minor Notes : — Old French Monthly Rules — Mutilation of Chaucer — Thu- cydides and Mackintosh — Fastener for loose Papers — London Directory, 1855— The Conirress at Rhinocorura — Twins — Whittlebury Oaks — Inscrip- tions on Buildings - - - 83 Queries: — Wilkes's Copy of Junins's Letters - 84 Medal of the Pretender, by Chas. S. Greaves, Q. C. - - - - 84 Sir Samuel Bagnall - - - 85 Minor Queries : — Pope and " The Dunciad " — Gurney's " Burning of East Dereham " — Neilson Family — Lucifer's Ijawsxiit — Husbandman — Talismanic King— Bnoeh or Butch Family — Dramatic Queries — First Book printed in New England — " The woodville sung," &c.— F.S.A. Question — " William and Margaret " — Armo- rial— Arms of Ilsley - - - 86 'Minor Queries with Answers : — Joyce Family — The Irish Palatines — Etruscan Bronzes — The " "Telliamed " _" The Twa Bairns," a Ballad - 87 Hbplies : — The Devil's Dozen - - - - 88 Cowley on Shakspeare, by F. White - 89 Sir Thomas Prendcrgast, by Rev. J. B. Deane - - - - - 89 "Roccha de Carapanis," by Rev. H. T. EUacombe - - - - 90 "Photographic Correspondence : — Col- lodionized Glass Plates, &c Bromo- iodide of Silver - - - - 90 jRepltes to Minor Queries: — Death- bed Superstition — " Whychcotte of St. John's " — Railroads in England — "Talented" — 'Snick up" _ The Tost-mark on the Junius Letters — "Nettle in, dock out" — Poems of Ossian — Books chained in Churches —Prophecies of Nostradamus, Marino, and Joachim — The Divining Rod — Amontillado Sherry — Mortality in August — Clay Tobacco-pipes — Brasses restored — St. Pancras — Arti- ficial Ice — Campbell's Imitations — Turning the Tables — Sestertium — Cummin — Tallies — Hangman's Wages — Charm for a Wart - - 91 Notes on Books, &c. Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. .Notices to Correspondents. Vol. XI No. 275. THE WIDOW'S RESCUE. The Widow of a former colleague of mine, employed for many years upon a legal Com- mission, involving, as I have sufficient reason to know, the most laborious service and multi- farious inquiry— a Barrister of the Middle Temple, retired Chief Justice, and author of several treatises on Colonial and Civil l.,aw — has just made to me a most heart-rending disclosure of her present reduced and destitute condition. I have determined to devote whatever of lime I could spare from official duties, what of energy I have left, what of zeal and devotion the occasion demands and inspires, to make an intellectual effort to assist her. May the attempt be crowned, under the generous patronage of the public, with a success far more than commensurate with the literary merits of the selection ! Shortly will be published, compiled for this purpose, price 5«., THE WIDOW'S RESCUE, SELECT EULOGIES, AND OTHER LITERARY COLLECTIONS AND RECOLLECTIONS. By SIR FORTXJNATUS DWARRIS, KNT., B.A.,F.R.S.,r.S.A. Subscriptions and Donations will be received at No. 75. Eccleston Square, and 2. Mitre Court Buildings, Temple. The List includes the Marquis of Lansdowne, K.G., the Attorney and Solicitor-General, Sir F. Thesiger, Sir F. Kelly, and most of the Queen's Sergeants and Queen's Counsel, &c. tec. A NTIQUITIES. — Etruscan, Xi Mexican, Roman, Egyptian, Irish, and various, comprising Bronzes, Pottery, Bijou- terie, embalmed objects, &c., purchased from the valuable collection formed by the late Crofton Croker; also Etchings and Engrav- ing.i. Catalogue", Gratis and Post Free, will be forwarded to applicants. W. S. LINCOLN & SON, Caxton House, 128. Blackfriars Road, London. This Day Is published. RUSSIAN WORKS AT Se- vastopol. _ Stanford's Bird's Eye View of Sevasto;)ol, Balaklava, and the coun- try round, showing the very extensive and im- portant Works recently erected by the Rus- sians on the north side of the harbour ; the inner lines of defences in Sevastopol itself, as seen from the tea by officers of H. M. ships ; the position of the allied armies, with their trenches, batteries. &c., the defence works ex- tending from Balaklava to the Valley of In- kermann. It will show also the natural fea- tures of the country, and form the most perfect coup-d'ocil both for accuracy and beauty yet Iiublislied. Price, in one sheet, plain, 3s. ; co- oured,5s. ; per post, 6d. additional. London : EDWARD STANFORD, Whole- sale and Retail Mapsellcr, 6. Charing Cross : and all Booksellers. Price Is. THE NATIONAL MISCEL- LANY for FEBRUARY contains: — 1. The North-Eastern Provinces of Turkey. 2. Mottoes and Devices. 3. The Charitable »ssociations of Paris. 4. Gleanings from a Professor's Note-Book. .">. The Election cf the Coral Insect. 6. Extracts from the Journal of an Officer in the Expeditionary Force (con- tinued). 7. Notices : Mother and Son ; The Californian Crusoe ; Treasures of Art in Great Britain. At the OFFICE, No. 1. EXETER STREET, STRAND, LONDON. This Day, Sixth Edition, 8vo., 12s., of "VrOTES ON THE PARABLES. ly By R. CHENEVIX TRENCH, B.D., Professor of Divinity in King's College, London, and Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford. London : JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. Just published, 8vo., price 15s. in cloth, THE ANGLO-SAXON POEMS OF BEOWULF, the SCOP or GLEE- MAN'S TALE, and the UGHT at FIN- NESBURG. With a Literal Translation, Notes, Glossary, &c. By BENJAMIN THORPE, Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Munich, and of the Society of Netherlandish Literature at Leyden. Also, by the same Author, THE ANGLO-SAXON VERSION OF THE HOLY GOSPELS. 8vo. 12s. ANALECTA ANGLO SAX- ONICA,8vo., I2a. ; or the 3 Vols, together, 33s. Oxford : Printed by JAMES WRIGHT. Printer to the Universitv. Sold by JOHN HENRY lARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. CURIOSITIES OF LONDON. Now ready, in a closely printed Volume of 800 pages, price 14s.. with a Portrait of the Author, painted by T. J. Gulliek. pURIOSITIES OF LONDON: \J exhibiting the most Rare and Remark- able Objects oMnterest in the Metropolis, and its History j with nearly Fifty Years' Personal Recollections. By JOHN TIMBS, F.S.A., Editor of "Laconics," "The Year-Book of Facts," &c. DAVID BOGUE, 86. Fleet Street. NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 275. British and rorei;;u Portraits, and other Ancient Eneravings and Drawings. QOUTHGATE & BARRETT ^ will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22: Fleet Street, on MONDAY, lebruary 5, at 1 o'clock, AN EXTENSIVE COLLEC- TION of ENGRAVED BRITISH and FOREIGN PORTRAITS, combining every Class of the Community tliat have figured in British History and Biography, during the last Two Centuries; also, Drawings in Colours from Ancient Historical Pii;tures by Stothard, Smirke, &c. British Topography arranged in Counties. Costumes of different N ations ; Plates of Sculpture and Natural History ; col- lected for the last twenty years, at a great expense, for the purpose of illustrating an Encyclopajdia Universalis; also, about 1^0 Box Portfolios. Catalogues forwarded on Application. HigUy Curious and Unique Collection of Prints and Cuttings, entitled Notes and Illustrations," alike interesting to the An- tiouary, the Historian, the Topographer and others, or equally Valuable for the purpose of Publication. QOUTHGATE & BARRETT O will SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, 22: Fleet Street, on TUESDAY, February 6 at foWock. A MOST INTERESTING and EXTENSIVE COLLECTION of NOTES andlLLUSTRATIOMS. reluting to the His- tory of iErostation, Public Amusements, An- gling, Archery, Armour, Autograph Letters of Noble and Eminent Persons. Baptism, Bells, Bridges, Lord Byron and Sir Walter Scott, Games of Chance and Skill, China and the Chinese, Chivalry and Knighthood, Clocks and Makers, Coaches, Cries and Noises, Dancing and Singing. Eg>pt and the Egyptians. Queen Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots, Engrav- ing, Exhibitions, Fashions, Fortune Telling, Funeral Rites, Stained Glass, Heraldry, Hin- dustan, Idols, Inns and Taverns, Modes and Instruments of Torture of the Inquisition, &c.. Law and Lawyers. Light-houses, Lions and Tifers, Lotteries, Magic. 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SOME RARE and FINE BOOKS, from a Private Library : gome Duplicates from the Library of the Earl of Leicester, at Holkham, &c. : . including Architectural Books : Books of Pnnts ; Bare Theological and Poetical Pieces ; Fine Copies of Purchas's Pilgrims, 5 Vols.; Hakluyts Voyages, original edition ; Herrera, Historia General, 4 Vols. ; Torquemada, 3 Vols. ; Bur- ney's Voyages, 5 Vols.; Billing s Baronial Antiquities of Scotland. 4 Vols. ; a few Books on Anglo-Saxon Literature, &c. Catalogues will be sent on Application ; if at a distance, on receipt of Six Stamps. FOR PRESENTATION TO CHURCHES, there are few Articles FOR ¥hE HOLY COMMUNION. Tliey are supplied in Sets, with appropriate Devices, in Fine Damask, at prices varying from 3te. to 5? A priced List, with Engravings, sent by Post on Application. Parcels delivered Free at all principal Railway Stations. GILBEBT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire. PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY. - The SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBI- TION of this Society is now OPEN, at the Rooms of the Society of Wa ter Colour Painters, Pall Mall East, in the morning from 10 to 5, and in the evening from 7 to 10. Admission, morning Is., evening 6d. : Catalogues 6d. T Just published. Second Edition. Price Is., by Post Is. 6d. HE COLLODION PROCESS. By T. H. HENNAH. Also, Price Is., by Post Is. 6d. THE WAXED-PAPER PRO- CESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY (Translated from the French). To this has been added a New Modification of the Process, by which the Time of Exposure in the Camera is reduced to one-fourth, by JAMES HOW, Assistant in the Philosophical Establishment of the Pub- lishers. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ART. _ MESSRS. KNIGHT & SONS respect- full inform Artists, Amateurs, and the Pro- fession, that they are the Sole Agents for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S Photographic Lenses for Portraits and Views. The different sizes can be seen at their Establishment, where they have every convenience for testing their powers. The Photographic Department of their Establishment comprises every useful improvement in this interesting Art. GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. PURE CHEMICAL PREPAR- ATIONS requisite in the various Pro- cesses of the Photographic Art. manufactured and sold by GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, who having considerably reduced the price of many of their preparations, will have plea- sure in forwarding their new List on appli- cation. GEORGE KNIGHT fc SONS, Foster Lane, London. PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for I>andscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. 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May be ordered through any Bookseller. *»« Several of the early Numbers having been reprinted, complete Sets may now be had of the Publisher and Agents. Pl Just published. PRACTICAL PHOTOGRA- 1 PHY on GLASS and PAPER, a INlanual containing simple directions for the production of PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the agency of Light, including the COLLODION. AL- BUMEN, WAXED PAPER and POSITIVE PAPER Processes, by CHARLES A. LONG. Price Is.; per Post, \s. 6d. Published by BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instru- ment Makers, and Operative Chemists, 163. Fleet Street, London. rtOLLODION PORTRAITS \J AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton ; cer- tainty and uniformity of action over a length- ened period, combined with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent in the hands of the pho- tographer. . Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of de- tail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire. « . , ,, Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the Processes. BLAND «: LONG, Opticians and Photogra- phical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London. The Pneumatic Plate-holder for Collodion Plates. »»* Catalogues sent on application. THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety of Vision by means of SMEE S OPTOMET'ER, which effectually prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Im- proper Glasses, and is extensively employed by BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. WHOLESALE PHOTOGRA- PHIC AND OPTICAL WARE- HOUSE. J. SOLOMON, 22. Red Lion Square, London. Depat for the Pocket Water Filter. BOOKBINDING.— F. SILANI & CO. (Successors to the late T. ARM- STRONG), 23. Villiers Street, Strand, solicit every Description of Work relating to their Art. A List of Prices for Cloth. .Half-calf, Calf, Morocco, or Antique Binding, can be had upon Application, or will be forwarded for One Stamp. Bookbinding for the Trade. Feb. 3. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 77 LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY Z, 1855. iJ0tci. BOOKS BURNT. Having been accustomed to enter in my adver- saria any notices which I have met with in the course of my reading, of the destruction of books by fire, permit me to forward to you the first portion of my collection. There is a second series of notes of the formation or existence of ancient libraries, which I shall be happy after- wards to send as a farther contribution to the history of books and their fortunes. No doubt many of these are already known to your readers, but perhaps they have not appeared in a collected form. My time does not permit me to arrange them in chronological order. I give my authori- ties where I find them recorded. You have cor- respondents who will, no doubt, make additions to this list, which may be considered supplementary to the notices of books burnt by the hangman, which have already appeared in your pages. Ic is pretended, that about the year of the world 3700, the Chinese Emperor Che-hwang-te ordered all books to be burnt ; and that after this event, in the metal vases were left the only monu- ments of the ancient characters. (^Asiatic Journal, vol. ii. p. 259.) Jehoiakim burnt the prophecies of Jeremiah, after cutting them with a knife. (Jer. xxxvi. 23. &c.) In Acts xix. 19. it is recorded that those at Ephesus "who used curious arts, brought their books together and burnt them before all men." Socrates, the historian, relates (book i. 6.), that Constantine the Great ordered, that "if any writing of Arius" was found, it should be forth- with committed to the flames, to destroy not only the heresy, but every memorial of it. Any one who, after this, secreted any of Arius's books, did so on pain of death. To the same eifect writes Sozomen, i. 20. After this, heretical books were commonly or- dered to be removed in the same way. This will account for the fact, that so few of the writings of reputed heretics now remain. The destruction of the famous library of Alex- andria in A.D. 642 by Omar, is too well known to need description. The Council of Constance in 1414 condemned the writings of Wiclif to the flames, and added the condemnation of the author's bones. The same Council burnt Hus, the author of the heretical I'ooks. Luther copied the example of his teachers, and in 1520 burnt publicly the Pope's bull, the de- cretals, canon law, &c., at Wittemberg. But we must remember that Luther's writings had been already burnt at Mentz, Lou vain, and ' other places. Many books have been burnt privately as well as publicly in consequence of the decision of the Council of Trent concerning heretical writings. The burning of two-thirds of the Sibylline books by Amalthea, in the reign of Tarquin the Proud, is well known. (Comp. A. Gell. i. 19., and Plin. Nat. Hist. xiii. 13. 27.) The library of Pisistratus escaped burning at the destruction of Athens by Xerxes, who removed the books to Persia. (A. Gell. vi. 17.) The Alexandrian library was in part burnt at the siege of that city, but not intentionally. (A. Gell. vi. 17.) In 435, an Armenian council ordered the writ'- ings of Nestorius to be publicly burnt. In 680, at a general council at Constantinople, the writings of Honorius, Bishop of Rome, and of others, were condemned as heretical and burnt. In 868, a Roman council issued a condemnation of Photius, and adjudged to the flames his book against Pope Nicholas. In 869, at Constantinople, the writings of Pho- tius and of his defenders were ordered to be burnt before the synod. In 904, at Ravenna, the acts of the council, which condemned Formosus the Pope at Rome, were rescinded and burnt. In 1209, the second Council of Paris prohibited and burnt the writings of Aristotle and of others. In 1410, a convocation at Oxford condemned and burnt the writings of John Wiclif. They were again burnt in 1412, at Rome. In the destruction of Herculaneum in a.b. 79, many books were burnt ; many others yet remain more or less injured by fire. 150 volumes were discovered in 1754. It is said that books, to the number of 200,000^ were burned in a.d. 476 at Constantinople by order of Leo I., Bishop of Rome. Many of the books of Galen are known to have been burnt in his own house at Rome. One ac- count says he wrote no fewer than 300 volumes, the greater part of which were burnt in the Temple of Peace, where they had been deposited. There was a great destruction of books at the sacking of Rome by Genseric the Goth. The same is recorded of the overthrow at Athens. And of the destruction of Jerusalem, by the Romans under Titus. Augustin says : " Ezra, the priest of God, restored the law which had been burnt by the Chaldeans in the archives of the temple." — 0pp., vol. iii. part ii. App. Honorius III., in a.d. 1216, condemned the writings of John Scotus Erigena to be burnt. In the fifth century, Marcian, the Roman em- peror, issued an edict in which he condemned to the flames the writings of Eutyches. 78 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 275. Justinian, by a constitution made at the time of the fifth general council of Constantinople, or- dained that the writings of heretics should be burnt. Especial reference is made to Anthimus, Severus of Antioch, Zoaras, &c. Justinian, by another edict against Severus, forbad " that the sayings or writings of Severus should remain with any Christian man ;" and ordered that " they should be burnt with fire by their possessors. Whoever disobeyed was to have his hands cut ofF." In 1120, a council at Suessa condemned a book by Abailard, and compelled him to put it into the fire with his own hands. By will, Virgil required his own poems to be burnt; but Augustus prevented it from being effected. (Pliny, Nat. Hist. vii. 30.) The first Roman libraries were burnt when the city was set on fire by Nero. (Sueton., Nero, ^c.) The library adjoining the Temple of Peace at Rome was burnt under Commodus. Compare Herodian, i. 44. B. H. Cowper. (Zb he continued.) " Christie's will," or " crtistiswoll." Every one acquainted with Scott's Border Minstrelsy is aware that " Christie's Will " is the name of a famous border reiver of the seventeenth century : " Traquair has ridden up Chapelhope, And sae has he down by the Gray Mare's Tail ; He never stinted the light gallop, Until he speer'd for Christie's Will. " Now Christie's Will peep'd frae the tower, And out at the shot-hole keeked he ; * And ever unlucky,' quo' he, ' is the hour, That the warden comes to speer for me ! ' " • Good Christie's Will, now, have na fear ! Nae harm, good Will, shall hap to thee ; 1 saved thv life at the Jeddart air. At the Jeddart air frae the justice tree. " ' Bethink how ye swore, by the salt and the bread, By the lightning, the wind, and the rain, That if ever of Cliristie's Will I had need, He would pay me my service again.' " ' Gramercy, my lord,' quo' Christie's Will, ' Gramercy, my lord, for your grace to me I When I turn my cheek, and claw my neck, I think of Traquair, and the Jeddart tree.' " And he has open'd the fair tower yett, To Traquair and a' his companie; The spuile o' the deer on the board he has set. The fattest that ran on the Hutton Lee. " ' Now, wherefor sit ye sad, my lord ? And wherefor sit ye mournfullie? And why eat ye not of the venison I shot At the dead of night on Hutton Lee? ' " ' 0 weel may I stint of feast and sport, And in my mind be vexed and sair! A vote of the canker'd Session Court, Of land and living will make me bare. " * But if auld Durie to heaven were flown. Or if auld Durie to hell were gane. Or ... if he could be but ten days stoun. My bonnie braid lands would still be my ain.' " ' 0 mony a time, mj' lord,' he said, ' I've stoun the horse frae the sleeping loun ; But for you I'll steal a beast as braid. For I'll steal Lord Durie frae Edinburgh town ! ' " As the ballad goes on to relate, and as Sir "Walter Scott's notes explain, Christie's Will was as good as his word. He kidnapped the " auld lurdane " near the sands of Leith, and enveloping him in a cloak, carried him to the Tower of Grahame, in Annandale, where he was detained in close con- finement until the lawsuit in which Traquair was concerned had been decided in his favour. Lord Durie, it was understood, would have voted ia fiivour of the opposite party. Various other daring deeds are recorded by the freebooter, which well entitle him to distinction in Border history. But who was Christie's Will ? Sir Walter states, on the authority of a somewhat ambiguous tradition, that his real name was Armstrong, and that he was the son or grandson of Cristopker, son of " the famous John Armstrong of Gilknockie, executed by James V. ; " hence called Christie's Will by way of distinction. The "Johnnie Armstrong" alluded to was ex- ecuted, it is believed, in 1529. His son Christo- pher appears to have been an infant at the time : " And God be with thee, Klrsty, my son, Wliere thou sits on thy nurse's knee." If this was the Christopher, as Sir Walter sup- poses, who grants a bond of man-rent to Lord Maxwell in 1557, he would then be about twenty- nine years of age, and could not well have been the father of Christie's Will, who kidnapped Lord Durie ; which circumstance must have occurred nearly eighty years afterwards. Alexander Gib- son, Lord Durie, the well-known collector of Durie's Decisions, was promoted to the bench 10th July, 1621, and died in July, 1646.* As he is described as " Auld Durie " in the ballad, the probability is that his abduction took place to- wards the close of his life, about 1640. At all events Christie's Will, who is represented as having performed certain dexterous feats during the troubles of Charles I., must have been in the prime of life at the time, and was more likely, if an Armstrong at all, to have been the grandson than the son of Kirsty ; hence, unless Christopher had continued as a family name for two or three generations, the designation of Christie's Will is inexplicable. We have been led into these remarks by the fact, not generally known, perhaps, that Cryistis- • Another authority mentions his death as occurring 10th June, 1644. Peb. 3. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 79 woll was, and still may be, for aught we know, a surname in this country. This appears from the following extract : « Test. Chiyistiswoll — The testament, testamentar, &c., of vmqle Johne Chryistiswoll, zonger, ane of the portioneris of Lunderstoun, ffaithfullie maid, &c., the xiiij dav of November, 1606 zeiris. Quhairin he nominat and constituit Thomas Chryistiswoll, in Brae, his brother, and Jonet Sympsone, spous to the defunct, his exrs , &c. . . . This testament was maid be the mouth of the deid, day, moneth, zeir and place, foirsaid. Befoir thir •witnesses — Mr. Thomas Zonger, minister atlnnerkipe; Thomas Sympsone in Brae ; James Tailzeour, ane of the portioneris of Lunderstoun, and James Hyndman, in Clochnmir. . . . Confirmed at Glasgow, the penult day of May, 1608 zeiris." It farther appears that Chryistiswoll, or Crystis- woll, was the name of a place as well as of persons : Robert Stewart, of Crystiswoll, is a witness to the testament of " Robert Birsbane of Bishoptoun, within the parochiu of Erskyne," dated 16th Ja- nuary, 1610. In Scotland, " Christie's Will," and " Cryistis- woll," as pronounced by the peasantry, are pre- cisely similar ; hence the possibility that the one is merely a misnomer of the other, and that the freebooter of the ballad was not an Armstrong at all, but a genuine descendant of the Cryistiswolls ! A. FACTS BESPECTING COLOUR. It has sometimes been maintained, that every- thing material has its symbolical signification. Have any of your readers, who incline to this opinion, ever observed how remarkably this theory is supported by the following facts in regard to colour ? If twenty persons were asked which they con- sidered the most beautiful of the three primary colours — blue, red, or yellow ? probably fifteen out of the twenty would reply " blue" — heaven's own hue. Yet ask those fifteen to name the two colours which they consider would form the most harmonious combination, probably not one of them would mention blue as forming part of this fa- vourite mixture. It is a law of colouring, that no two primary colours will blend — the effect would be harsh, the contrast too violent ; but a primary colour must always be united with a compound, and in that compound the primary must bear a part. Thus, red and purple are a good mixture, because red is an ingredient of purple. Green and gold are a good mixture, because yellow is an ingredient of green. Upon the same principle, blue and green ought to be an agreeable combination, because blue is an ingredient of green ; yet blue and green are universally considered a bad mixture. Thus we see that blue will not harmonise either with red, yellow, or green. It stands alone, exquisitely beautiful, but almost incompatible with other colours. Nevertheless, by mixing it with red, we produce purple — a colour which harmonises more universally than any other, whether primary or compound. Thus purple and red, purple and gold, purple and green — nay, even purple and blue itself — are all manifestly good mixtures. But though purple is so harmonious, and is in itself so beautiful, yet it has this peculiarity, viz. it loses all its charms when seen by an artificial light. Surely none can be so dull of imagination, as not to see the obvious spiritual meaning of all this. Blue — the hue of heaven — is too bright and pure to blend with earthly hues. How, then, can we bring heavenly things to harmonise with things earthly ? Has it not been by the shedding of blood ? Is it not the red stream of our Saviour's blood, which has brought down Heaven to earth ? Is it not that crimson stream which has restored har- mony between man and his Maker, between earth and Heaven ? And as purple — an apt emblem of the Gospel — is the only colour which is suited to all other colours, so the Gospel is the only scheme of religion which is suited to the condition of all men. And as purple, so beautiful when seen by the light of Heaven, looks dead and mean by an artificial light, so the Christian religion, when contemplated by a heaven-illuminated mind, is seen to be the sublimest of ideas ; but, seen by the dim taper of human reason, it looks mean and despicable. If there be any truth in these considerations, how much might colouring, in every branch of the art, be improved and ennobled by a due re- gard to its syuibolical meaning ! — a meaning which seems to have been graciously implanted in matter, in order that it may act as an antidote to itself, and raise the mind from an undue attach- ment to material things to the contemplation of things spiritual. Surely it is presumptuous to condemn Mr. Ruskin as romantic and fanciful, because he considers that to be the most perfect system of colouring in which red, blue, and pur- ple (the colours revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai) predominate. It may be objected that blue harmonises with brown and grey ; but it should be remembered, that these are neutral tints, and, as far as the present argument is con- cerned, must be placed in the same category with black and white. E. H. Bromsgrove. NOTICES OF THE DEAD SEA. It is not without reason that readers are puzzled when finding such contradictory statements in the works of well-known authors, as are to be met with in the following passages: 1. "The lake Asphaltites is vastly great in circum- ference, as if it were a sea. It is of an ill taste, and is 80 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 275. pernicious to the adjoining country by its strong smell ; the wind raises no waves tliere, nor will it maintain either fish or such birds as use the water." * — Tacitus, lib. v. C 6. 2. " This lake Asphaltydes is by some also called Mare Mortuum, for by reason of the saltnes, and thicknes of it, . nothing can live in it; neyther will it mix with the • waters of Jordan, though the river run through the very midst of the lake. No creature can possibly sink in it, though it were a horse, or oxe, and their legs were tyd together ; nay, the very burds that sometimes would fly over it, are by the noysome smell of it suffocated, and fall dead into it." * — Teonge's Diary, p. 120. 3. "The river Jordan running a great way further with many windings, as it were to delay his ill destiny, gliding through the plains of Jericho not far below where that city stood, is at length devoured by that accursed lake Asphalt3-cles, so named of the bitumen which it vomiteth; called also the Dead Sea — perhaps in that it nourisheth no living creature, or for its heavy waters, hardly to be moved by the wind." * — Sandyx, lib. iii. p. 110., 1600. 4. " We found the hills, which are of white stone, higher the nearer we approached the Dead Sea. The air has been always thought to be bad ; and the Arabs and people who go near its banks, always bind their handker- chiefs before their mouths, and draw their breath through their nostrils, through fear of its pernicious effects." * — Pococlt, vol. ii. pp. 37, 38., 1733, 1740. 5. "Everything about it was in the highest degree grand and awful. Its desolate, though majestic features, are well suited to the tales told about it."* — Clarke's Visit to the Holy Land, 1801. 6. " I went on, and came near to those waters of death ; they stretched deeply into the southern desert, and before me, and all around as far away as the e3'e could follow, blank hills piled high over hills, pale, yellow, and naked, walled up in her tomb for ever — the dead and damned Gomorrah. There was no fly that hummed in the for- bidden air — but instead, a deep stillness. No grass grew from the earth, no weed peered through the void sand ; but in mockery of all life, there were trees borne down by Jordan in some ancient flood, and these, grotesquely planted upon the forlorn shore, spread out their grim skeleton arms, all scorched and charred to blackness by the heats of long silent years." — Eothen, cap. xiii. p. 10(5. 7. " At length we reached the shore of the fatal sea, and encamped within a few yards of the water's edge. The shore was strewn with logs of wood, and withered branches that presented something of a petrified appearance, and lighted into a fire with great facility. There was no shell, or fly, or any sign of life along the curving sand." — Warburton's Crescent and the Cross, cap. xi. p. 107. 8. " About six we entered the great plain at the end of the Dead Sea ; for about a quarter of an hour we passed a few bushes, but afterwards found the soil sandy and perfectly barren. At dark, we stopped for the night in a ravine at the side of a hill, much against the wishes of our guides ; who strongly urged the want of water and the dread of dytchmaan, as inducements to make us pro- ceed. We collected a quantity of wood which the Dead Sea had thrown up at high-water mark, and endeavoured to make a fire in order to bake bread, as we had flour. The wood however was so impregnated with salt, that all our efforts to light it were unavailing; and we contented . * The references thus marked are to be seen in Teonge's Diary, London, 1825, pp. 120. 123. ourselves with drinking the flour and water mixed, which, though not very palatable, served to appease our hunger." — Irby and Mangles' Travels in Egypt, Nubia, Syria, and the Holy Land, London, 1845, p. 107. 9. " We arrived all at once at the lake ; I say all at once, because I thought we were a considerable distance from it. No murmur, no cooling breeze, announced our approach to its margin. The strand, bestrewed with stones, was hot ; the waters of the lake were motionless, and absolutely dead, along the shore. There was no want of wood, for the shore was strewed with branches of tamarind trees brought by the Arabs ; and such is the force of habit, that our Bethlemites, who had pi-eceded with great caution over the plain, were not afraid to kindle a fire which might so easily betray us. One of them em- ployed a singular expedient to make the fire : striding across the pile, he stooped down over the fire till his tunic became inflated with the smoke ; then rising briskly, the air, expelled by this species of bellows, blew up a brilliant flame. " About midnight I heard a noise upon the lake. The Bethlemites told me that it proceeded from legions of small fish which come and leap about on the shore. This contradicts the opinion generally adopted, that the Dead Sea produces no living creature." — Chateaubriand's Travels to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, London, 1835, vol. i. pp. 343, 344. 10. " Since our return (to America), some of the water of the Dead Sea has been subjected to a powerful micro- scope, and no animalculse or vestige of animal matter could be detected." — Lvnch's United States^ Expedition to the Dead Sea, 1849, p.'377. 11. "Almost at the moment of my turning from the Jordan to the Dead Sea, notwithstanding the long credited accounts that no bird could fly over without dropping dead upon its surface, I saw a flock of gulls floating quietly upon its bosom ; and when I roused them by a stone, they flew down the lake, skimming its surface until they had carried themselves out of sight." — Stephen's Incidents of Travel, cap. xxxii. p. 122. 12. " The general appearance of this wilderness of land, and water over which an awful silence reigns, is gloomy in the extreme, and calculated to depress the spirit of the beholder. The soil around (the Dead Sea) being im- pregnated with salt, produces no plants; and the air itself, which becomes loaded with saline particles from evaporation, cannot be favourable to vegetation. Hence the deadly aspect which reigns around the lake. During the few hours we remained in this neighbourhood, we confess we did not see any birds ; but it is not true that the exhalations of the lake are so pestiferous as to kill those which attempt to fly over it." — liobinson's Pales- tine, vol. i. pp. 66, 67. 13. " Nothing in this place gave me the least idea of the desolation spoken of in the Bible. The air is pure, and the fields extremely verdant." — Mariti's Visit to the Dead Sea, 1760, vol. vii. p. 372. 14. " The old stories about the pestiferous qualities of the Dead Sea and its waters, are mere fables or delusions ; and actual appearances are the natural and obvious effects of the confined and deep situation, the intense heat, and the uncommon saltness of the waters. Lying in its deep cauldron, surrounded by lofty cliffs of naked limestone rock, exposed for seven or eight months in the year to the unclouded beams of a burning sun, nothing but ste- rility and solitude can be looked for upon its shores : and nothing else is actually found, except in those parts where there are fountains or streams of fresh water; in all of which places there is a fertile soil, and abundant Feb. 3. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 81 vegetation. Birds also abound, and they are observed to fly over and across the sea without being, as old stories tell, injured or liilled by its exhalations." — Pictorial Bible, London, 1849, vol. iii. p. 572. 15. " THE DEAD SEA. ' Upon the stern and desolate shore I stood Of that grim lake, within whose foul recess, Jordan's sweet waters turn to bitterness. O'er the dull face of the sepulchral flood, No spirit moved. In vain with soft caress. The gentle breeze its sullen waters wooed : No token answered. Xor was it the less, When there arose a tempest fierce and rude, A ghastly scene; for like no living sea. Whose billows, buoyant with a sparkling life, Ride on the storm, rejoicing in the strife, Was tliis ; but when the strong wind mightily Lifted its leaden waves, with dismal roar. And heavy corpse-like sound, they fell upon the shore.' " From Bethany we struck into a path, a little to the south of the Jericho road, and leading directly to the head of the lake. This was, if possible, even more dreary than the other; on all sides rose, peak above peak, blasted and desolate mountains, each like the crater of an extinct volcano. And as 1 descended into the silent plain of the Dead Sea, the only living creature in sight was a long thin snake, like a whipcord; that, curling itself away among the stones, seemed quite in character with the scene. " But there was nothing gloomy in the colour of the lake itself: on the contrary-, it Avas a deep and beautiful blue ; and if those naked rocks around were but covered with foliage, and those barren sands with verdure, it would indeed be a lovely and enchanting scene. And such it was once, — ' even as the garden of the Lord, before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.' " But as I drew nearer to the water's edge, its character seemed to change, and I perceived how rightly it has received its name. Like the mirror held to the dead man's face, no breath of life dimmed the polished bright- ness of its surface. The gentle breeze played over it unheeded: there it lay, motionless and dumb — with its blue eye turned up to the naked sun, in a fixed and glassv stare." — Ferguson's Fine of Repose, London, 1851, pp. 102. 108, 109. IG. " I have no bright recollections of pleasant scenes, or happy hours experienced during my tour. Parching heat and intolerable thirst, the dusty wilderness, stum- bling and faded horses, the vain shelter of tents ; the by no means vain stings of fleas, flies, and their coadjutors and accomplices ; the fights with muleteers, and the im- positions of divers hirelings; make up the sum of my recollections, to which I may add a fever I caught bath- ing in the Jordan, and which has clung to me until my safe arrival home — a favour seldom accorded to other Europeans similarly situated, as they are almost invari- ably, and in a few da^'s, relieved from their torments by death." — Neal's Eight Years in Syria and Palestine, London, 1851, vol. i. p. 146. 17. " I must here assert most positivelj^ that tlie al- leged impossibility of horses wading through the waters of the Dead Sea, in consequence of the density of those waters, which would make them lose their balance, con- stitutes a wild fable, resting on no foundatioM ; and which, like many other fallacies, has been repeated at pleasure, thus acquiring progressive and increasing currency in the narratives of succeeding travellers. _ " And here we are encamped once more for the last time on the shore of this sea, which has become so dear to us; now we can estimate at their correct value the fantastic fables so long invented to represent it as a place of malediction and death. I must confess, however, that on this particular occasion the attractions of the neigh- bourhood are materially qualified, owing to the swarms of musquitoes by which we were assailed. Xot content with assaulting such parts of our bodies as are exposed to their sting, these persevering enemies contrive to get within our clothing, and stab vis even through clotb, ' linen and flannel — with venom enough to drive us out of our senses." — De Saulcy's Journey round the Dead Sea, Lofldon, 1854, vol. ii. pp. 33. 36. 18. " The Dead Sea was anciently called ' Sea of the Plain,' ' Salt Sea,' * East Sea ; ' and by Josephus, and the Greek and Roman writers, ' Lacus Asphaltites ; ' that is, bitumenous lake, on account of the bitumen found in its waters. " The water of the Dead Sea contains one-fourth of its weight in a hundred of saline ingredients, in a state of perfect desiccation. It is also impregnated with other mineral substances, especially with bitumen, which often floats on its surface in large masses ; it is most probably cast up from the bottom by volcanic action, and is re- corded to have been seen after earthquakes in masses resembling small islands. Considerable quantities of wood, and other vegetable matter, are found cast on the shores by the great buoyancy of the water, in which it is difficult to swim ; the feet being buoj-ed up to a level with the head. Its specific gravity is to that of distilled water, as 1212 to 1000; and greater, therefore, than that of any other water known. "Josephus relates, that some slaves, thrown in with their hands tied behind them, by order of Vespasian, all floated. Modern travellers have floated in its waters without moving, and were able to read a book or sleep ; and a horse having been driven in on one occasion, did not sink, but floated on his back, violently throwing his legs upwards. " There ai-e some hot brackish springs on the shores, but only two of sweet water, at Ain Jidy, and on the peninsula of the eastern shore. Xot a trace of vegetation nor a patch of verdure is to be found anywhei-e but in the two last-mentioned spots, except some canes and reeds near the salt-marshes; all is death-like sterility; not a living creature is seen, because the smallest bird would not find a blade of grass for its sustenance. The scenery is thus awfully wild and sublime, presenting a vivid picture of the grim terrific abode of eternal death." — Journal of a Deputation to the East, London, 1854, Part II. pp. 379, 380, 381. The space required for the insertion of the above extracts in "N. & Q." will prevent my taking some other quotations from standard works : that of Professor Robinson, and his well-known learned coadjutor the Rev. Mr. Smith, being among the number. De Saulcy, to whose interesting volumes a reference has already been given, ditters from all preceding travellers, as he does from many biblical scholars, when stating that the doomed cities of Sodom and Gomorrah may not have been destroyed by any sudden iiTuption of the Dead Sea. He states that the two places were distant from each other seventy-five miles ; and if ever submerged, the ruins, on the "recession of the sea, were left on dry land," which he has discovered. A critical writer has recently remarked, that Mr. De Saulcy's claim to this discovery cannot 82 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 275. be disputed, and to this opinion many readers will readily give their assent. Long as this note may be, still it cannot be closed before briefly referring to three distin- guished travellers, who perished shortly after navigating the Dead Sea, and left their remains not very far from its banks. The first was the much-regretted Costigan, whom the writer met at Constantinople before starting on his fatal expe- dition, and whose "melancholy story is known." Lieutenant Molyneaux, of H. M. S. " Spartan," in 1847 was the second unfortunate victim. He passed three days, and as many nights, in his boat ; and died on returning to his ship of the fever which be caught at that time. The notes left by this gallant young officer " were read before the Geo- graphical Society, and noticed in the Athenccum." One other name remains only to be mentioned, that of the lamented Dale ; he breathed his last on the hills of Lebanon, and was buried at Bey- rout. Second in command of the United States' Expedition to the Dead Sea, he died in the ser- vice of his country ; and the beautiful tribute paid to his memory by Commander Lynch will tell how much his loss was regretted. William Winthbop. Malta. THE MAN IN THE MOON. " Mon in the mone, stond and streit ; On is bot-forke is burthen he bereth. Hit is muche wonder that he na doun slyt, For doute leste he valle, he shoddreth ant shereth : When the forst freseth much chele he byd The themes beth kene is hattren to-tereth ; Nis no wytht in the world that wot wen he syt Ne, bote hit bue the hegge, whet wedes he wereth. " Whider trowe this mon ha the wey take, He hath set is o fot is other to foren, For non hithte that he hath ne sytht me hym ner shake, He is the sloweste mon that ever was yboren. Wher he were othe feld pyechynde stake, For hope of ys thornes to dutten is doren, He mot myd is twybyl other trous make, Other al is dayes werk ther were yloren. " This ilke mon upon heh whener he were, Wher he were y the mone boren aut yfed, He leneth on is forke ase a grey frere, This crokede caynard sore he is adred. Hit is mony day go that he was here, Ichot of is ernde he nath nout j'sped ; He hath hewe sumwher a burthen of brere. Therefore sum hayward hath taken ys wed. " 5ef thy wed ys ytake, bring horn the trous, Set forth thyn other fot, stryd over sty ; We schule preye the haywart hom to ur hous, Ant maken hym at hej'se for the maystry ; Drynke to hym deorly of fol god bous, Ant our dame Douse shal sitten hym by. When that he is dronke ase a dreynt mous, Thenne we schul borewe the wed ate bayly. " This mon hereth me nout, thah ich to hym crye, Ichot the cherl is def, the del hym to-drawe. Thah ic t,e^e upon beth nulle nout hye The lostlase ladde can nout o lawe. Hupe forth, Hubert, hosede pye Ichot thart amarstled in to the mawe ; Thah me teone with hym that myn teh mye, The cherld nul nout adoun er the day dawe." Harl. MS. 2253. We are here presented with the idea our an- cestors entertained of an imaginary being*, the subject of perhaps one of the most ancient as well as one of the most popular superstitions in the world. He is represented leaning on a fork, on which he carries a bunch of thorns, because it was for " pyechynde stake" on a Sunday that he is reported to have been thus confined. There can- not be a doubt that the following is the origin of the idea, however the moon became connected with it. See Numbers xv. 32. : " And while the children of Israel were in the wilder- ness, they found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day," &c. To have a care " Lest the chorle may fall out of the moone " appears from Chaucer's Troilus and Cressida to have been a proverbial expression in his time. In the Midsummer Night's Dream, Peter Quince, in arranging his dramatis personce. for the play before the duke, directs that " one must come in with a bush of thornes and a lan- tern, and say he comes in to disfigure or to present the person of moonshine," which we afterwards find done. " All that I have to say," concludes the performer of this strange part, "is, to tell you. that the lantern is the moon, I the man in the moon, this thorn -bush my thorn-bush, and this dog my dog." See Tempest also, Act II. Sc. 2. : " Ste. I was the man in the moon, when time was. Cal. I have seen thee in her, and I do adore thee ; My mistress showed me thee, thy dog, and bush." So far the tradition is still preserved among nurses and schoolboys ; but how the culprit came to be imprisoned in the moon is still to be ac- counted for. It should seem that he had not merely gathered sticks on the sabbath, but that he has stolen what he had gathered, as appears from the following lines In Chaucer's Testament of Creseide, where the poet, descrlbiftg the moon,, informs us that she had " On her brest a chorle painted painted ful even, Bearing a bush of thorns on his backe. Which for his theft might clime no ner the heven." We are to suppose that he was doomed to per- petual confinement in this planet, and precluded from every possibility of Inhabiting the mansions of the just. With the Italians Cain appears to have been the offender, and he is alluded to In a very extraordinary manner by Dante in the 20th canto of the Inferno, where the moon is described [* Our correspondent is of course aware that the song, with some similar remarks on this "imaginary being," have been noticed by Ritson in his Ancient Songs, p. 34., edit. 1792. — Ed.] Feb. 3. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 83 by the periphrasis " Caino e le spine." One of the commentators on that poet says that this alludes to the popular opinion of Cain loaded with the bundle of faggots ; but how he procured them we are not informed. The Jews have some Talmud- ical story that Jacob is in the moon, and they be- lieve that his face is visible. The natives of Ceylon, instead of a man, have placed a hare in the moon. Clemens Alexandrinus quotes Serapion for his ©pinion that the face in the moon was the soul of a sibyl. See Plutarch's Morals also (p. 559., Holland's transl., fol. 1603), where Sibylla is placed in the moon : " And the dtemon said it was the voice of Sibylle, for she, being carried about in the globe and the face of the moon, did foretell and see what was to come." These last two instances may throw some light on the obscure passage in Dante. H. S. Old French Monthly Rules. — In the Calendrier Historial attached to La Bible, de Vlmprimerie de Francois Estienne, 1567, there are the follow- ing monthly rules, each accompanied with a neat illustrative woodcut : " Januier. Ce mois est figure de la mort corporelle. Feurier. En ce mois on reclost les hayes. Mars. En ce mois on seme I'orge et autres legumes. Auril. En ce mois on meine les troupeaux aux champs. May. En ce mois on s'addonne aux esbats. Juin. En ce mois on tond les moutons. Juillet. En ce mois on fauche les prez. Aoust. En ce mois on fait moissons. Septembre. En ce mois on vendange. Octobre. En ce mois laboure les terres. Nouemhre. En ce mois les champs prennent Icur faces triste. Decembre. En ce mois I'hyuer fait ranger les gens a la maison." The benevolent intention of Francis Stephen, the eminent compiler of this beautiful specimen of a very early almanac, is thus expressed in his Preface " Av Lectevr :" " Comme ceux qui considerent peu I'eternele proui- dence et gouuernemente de Dieu en ces choses inferieures, et moins dependans d'icelle, attribuans quasi le tous aux causes secondes et aux estoilles. Dont le plus souuent viennent a dire choses non seulement cotre toute piete ehrestienne, mais aussi eslongees de toute verity, ainsi que le demostre assez ce qui succede de leurs vaines et fausses pronostications." G.N. Mutilation of Chaucer. — At p. 22. of a lecture On Desultory and Systematic Reading, by the Right Hon. Sir James Stephen, K.C.B., one of the publications of the Young Men's Christian Association, is the following : " I saw his sleeves perfumed at the hand With grease, and that the finest in the land." In Bell's edition of Chaucer (1782) it is — " I saw his sieves purfiled at the hond With gris, and that the finest of the lond." Before quoting, the lecturer says : " I will, how- ever, read it (Chaucer's language) as it stands, with the change only of an obsolete word or two." His change in this instance simply makes the pas- sage absurd. Bell's note on " purfiled" is " from the Ft. pourfiler, which properly signifies, to work on the edge." " Gris" is a species of fur. J. H. AVELING. Thucydides and Mackintosh. — I was struck the other day with a coincidence of thought, ap- parently undesigned, between Sir J. Mackintosh and Thucydides. In speaking of the Crusades, the former observes : " The warlike spirit of the age was set in motion by religion; by glory; by revenge; by impatient valour; by a thousand principles, which being melted into one mass were not the less potent because they wert originally unlike and discordant." — Hist, of England, vol. i. p. 121. Compare this with Thucyd. (vi. 18.) : " No^tiavKov Kai ro fxeVov Kai to rrdw axpi^fS av ^vyKpaOiv fjLd\Lewe«, indicates (in his Panario Hcere- 84 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 275. sibus) the time when the first political congress was held since the Creation. It was, he assumes, the three sons of the patriarch Noah, who had met at a congress at Rhinocorura, for the purpose of dividing the world among themselves. Having come to an understanding, he continues, the treaty was submitted to their father Noah, who gave his consent to it in his last will. That will must have been read by the pious Philastrlus, cotemporary of Epiphanius ; for he was so sure of the fact, that in his work De Heeresibus the dis- belief in that division, and its legitimacy, forms the 118th species of the heresies described in it. Dr. Michelsen. Twins. — In an Historical Dictionary of England and Wales, printed 1692, I have met with the fol- lowing entry, which may perhaps be interesting to the readers of " N. & Q.," as showing that the sympathy of " The Corsican Brothers " may be discovered nearer home. " Tremane. — Nicholas and Andrew Tremane were twins, born in Devonshire, alike in all lineaments, and felt like pain, though at a distance, and without any intelligence given. They equally desired to walk, sit, eat and drink together ; and were both slain together at New Haven in France, 1562 ; the one a captain of horse, the other but a private soldier." Rev. L. B. Whittlebury Oaks. — As it is possible that the zeal of some of the photographic correspondents of " N. & Q." may be sufficiently fervent to sus- tain them through a short winter's excursion for the sake of securing representations of magnifi- cent objects which will very shortly cease to exist, I beg to call their attention to the exceedingly fine old oaks in Whittlebury Forest, some of which are of enormous size, and are in the most picturesque state of partial decay. This forest is about to be disafibrested, and the trees are at this time marked for destruction, and will shortly be cut down, under (I believe) the authority of the Crown, previous to the land being allotted to the various claimants. It is difficult to understand why these magnificent wrecks of trees should be felled before the land is assigned to its new owners, for the value of them as (fire?) wood cannot be supposed much, if at all, to exceed the cost of cutting them down. Many persons would willingly pay much more than their real value for the sake of securing them on their property ; and not a few keen agriculturalists would much rather bear the obstruction they might cause than allow such splendidly picturesque old trees to be de- stroyed. XX. Inscriptions on Buildings. — The following in- scription in capital letters, in relief, is in front of the gallery in the Court House, Aberdeen : *8KKVATB TERMINOS QUOS PATRES VESTKI POSUERE." W.G. WILKES's COPY OF JUNIUS's LETTEKS. Coventry, in a letter to Barker {Claims, ^c, p. 298.), says that " at the sale of Wilkes's books there was a Junius with Wilkes's notes, brought 51. 17s. 6d" One would suppose that this was a fact admitting of no doubt ; but Barker follows with this comment : " I have examined the sale catalogue of Mr. Wilkes's books, and do not find any mention of the Junius." After this one would suppose there could be no doubt the other way. Now I have a catalogue of the sale of Wilkes's books, with prices and names of purchasers, and there I find — " No. 715. Junius's Letters, 2 vol. 1794 [the last figure defaced]. 15». "No. 716. Junius's Letters, 2 vol. 1. Lond. 1772. 5?. 15s. 6d." Both editions were bought in the name of Wall, or Wales, but from my copy it is difficult to make out the exact name. All is not yet made clear. In 1800, Chalmers published separately his Appendix to the Supple- mental Apology, intended to prove that Hugh Boyd was Junius. Therein (p. 42.) he writes : " 1 have now before me Mr. Wilkes's edition of Junius's Letters, with MS. notes which were written with his own hand. The first note is, ' This edition is imperfect and in- correct. It was printed by Dryden Leach.' " It is obvious that an edition printed by Dryden Leach was not the edition of " 1772," for that, it may fairly be assumed, was the genuine Woodfall edition ; indeed I know of no other in which the two volumes are dated 1772. Then again, how did any edition which belonged to Wilkes, and had his private MS. notes, come into the possession of Chalmers in 1 800 ; for Wilkes's books were not sold for two years after — Nov. and Dec. 1 802 ? To make confusion greater, in Aug. 1853 the books of Mr. Roche of Cork were sold by Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson, and one lot is thus described : " 614. Junius's Letters, 2 vol. old russia. H. S. Wood- fall, 1772. *^* This copy contains the notes, interlineations, and index references copied from those found in that belonging to John Wilkes, Esq., sold at his sale in 1802." Can any of your intelligent readers say what are the facts ? Where is the copy which Chalmers quoted from in 1800 ? Where the copy which sold for 51. 15s. M. in 1802 ? W. C. J. MEDAL OF THE PRETENDER. I inclose you two wax impressions of the'jtwo sides of a medal I possess, in order the better to describe it. The medal is of silver, with a very handsome head on one side, and on the other side Feb. 3. 1855.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 85 a dead tree, with a young living tree in leaf springing out of its roots. I think the tree is in- tended to be an oak. Over the top of the dead tree is the word " revLrescit ; " and at the bottom, " 1750." The medal is rather larger than a half- crown of 1823 ; indeed, the half-crown will nearly go within the outside rim of the medal, which is considerably broader than that of the half-crown. The account I received many years ago of this medal is, that it was given by the Pretender to Colonel Goring ; who, I believe, died a field- marshal in the Prussian service, and from him came into the possession of a member of my family, in which it has continued ever since. I am descended, through my grandmother, from William Goring of Kingston and Fradley in Staf- fordshire, and Colonel Goring was of the same family, I was told that very/ew of those medals were struck, as they were intended only for the intimate friends and warm supporters of the Pre- tender. As my grandmother was about ten years of age when the medal was struck, I think it pro- bable that the account she gave of it was correct, and the more so, as it was always held in par- ticular esteem. I have never heard of any other medal of this kind, but possibly some of your readers may : and I should be obliged to any of them for any farther information, either respecting the medal itself or Colonel Goring. I may add, that the medal is considerably worn, as if it had been carried in the pocket ; but not so as to obliterate any of its parts. Chas. S. Greaves, Q. C. [This medal, which was struck in Italy, is not uncom- mon. It represents Prince Charles ; and the reverse, the young tree springing from the withered trunk, alludes to his hopes of re-establishing his family. Impressions exist in copper. The likeness of the Prince was an approved one, for it appears upon three other medals of different sizes, bearing date respectively 1745, 1750 ; 1752, Sept. 23. To what does this latter date refer?] SIB SAMUEL BAGNAI.L. Some time since a friend of mine requested me to obtain for him information respecting a gentle- man of the name of Sir Samuel Bagnall. He said it was supposed he resided in Ireland, and held some military command there, either at the latter part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, or beginning of that of James I. To satisfy my friend's request, I examined with Bome care many of the existing historical and other documents relating to the reign of Eliza- beth, and ascertained that the family of Bagnall belonged to the county of Stafford ; also that one John Bagnall, Esq., had two sons, Ralph and Nicholas. That the eldest son. Sir Ralph Bag- nall, was described of Barlaston in that county, and that he married Elizabeth, the second daugh- ter of Robert Whitgrave, Esq., of Burton, in the same county, and by whom he had an only son, Samuel Bagnall. But by several pedigrees of that family which I consulted, it appears that Sir Ralph was never married, and that his son Samuel was illegitimate. The second son of John was Sir Nicholas Bag- nall, who married and had a large family, and re- ceived in the early part of the reign of Elizabeth the appointment of " Marshall of the Army in Ireland," which he retained until his death, and which occurred in 1575 at his seat, Newry Castle, in the county of Armagh. He was succeeded by his eldest son. Sir Henry Bagnall, who was also married and had several children. The queen, upon the death of his father Sir Nicholas, ap- pointed him to the same command, which Sir Henry held until his death in August, 1598, when, during the rebellion, he was slain in a battle at Blackwater, fought against the celebrated O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone. Upon the death of Sir Henry Bagnall, the queen gave that command to Sir Richard Bingham ; but he dying very suddenly shortly afterwards, the queen appointed Sir Samuel Bagnall, the cousin of Sir Henry, to that very important ofBce. Sir Samuel was very much distinguished at that period as a military man. He had accompanied the famous Devereux, Earl of Essex, in the ex- pedition against Cadiz in 1596, and at the taking of that city by assault, he received eight wounds, and was knighted on that occasion by the Earl of Essex, under the authority granted specially to him by Queen Elizabeth. So soon as Sir Samuel received the appointment, he immediately put himself at the head of 2000 infantry and 300 ca- valry, and crossed over the channel into Ireland. The latest account I have as yet been able to find of him is, that he still held tlie same command in 1602 ; but whether he died or resigned about that time, I cannot ascertain. Sir Samuel Bag- nall married, and left issue several daughters, but whether he had any sons I do not know. As the correspondents of " N. & Q." are so numerous and so well read, I have thought it very probable that some of them may be able to fur- nish me with the additional information I am in search of. My Queries are : 1. The name of the wife of Sir Samuel Bag- nall ? 2. Where his residence was, and when and where he died ? 3. The names of his sons (if any?) and the names of his daughters, and whether married or not ? Chabtham. 86 NOTES AND QUERIES. [No. 275. Minav ^utviti. Pope and " The Dunciad." — Do any of your correspondents know of an edition of The Dun-