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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H journal of ZooiOi^^^

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

ar

No. 1.

Pages 1— HS

Plate II.

IssDED June 17th, at the Zoological Museum, Trixg.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VIXEY, Ld., LO.MUON AND AYLESBURY.

1911.

Vol. XVIII.

NOYITATES ZOOLOGICAK

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD. ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. I.

1. 01^ SOME NECESSARY ALTERATIONS

IN THE NOMENCLATURE OF BIRDS

2. TWO NEW AUSTRALIAN BIRDS

3. NEW SYSTO.MWAr: IN THE TRING

MUSEUM —

4. NEW AEGERJIDAK

5. ON THE BAT-FLEAS DESCRIBED BY

KOLENATI

6. KATALOO DER SIPIIONAPTEREN DES

KONIGLICHEN ZOOLOGISCHEN
MUSEUMS IN BERLIN. Illustrated .

7. SOME NEW AXTHftiniDAE FROM

THE ISLAND OF ST. THOME, BAY'
OF BENIN

8. NEW AyrmuniiiAK ....

9. SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES

OF SIPUuyAPTEEA. Illustrated

10. ON THE SKELETON OT PAIAE OCORAX

MUKIORUM (Plate II.)

11. DESCRIPTIONS OFNEW SATURNIIDAE

12. SOME NEW SRIlIXalDAE

13. TWO NEW AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES .

14. ON CARXVS HEMAI'TERCS NITZSCH

(CEXCURIDVlllA \E(H;EUI SCIIINER)
AND ITS SYSTEMATIC POSITION
AMUNG THE DIPTERA

15. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW

XOCTUI DA E IN THE TRING
MUSEUM

Greijory M. Mathevs . 1 — 22

Greyory M. Mathews . 23

Walter Rothschild . 24—45

Waller Rothschild . 45 — 47

X. Charles Rothschild. 48—56

K. Jordan and

X. C. Rothschild . 57—89

K. ./ordan . 90—91

A'. Jordan . 92— IIG

X. Charles Rothschild . 117-122

W. p. Pycraft

. 123—128

K. Jordan

. 129—134

K. Jordan

. 135— 13()

K. Jordan

. 137—138

./. E. Collin

W. Wun'en

138— 13!>

140—148

NOVITATES ZOOLOGIGAE,
Vol. XVIII., 1911.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

H Journal of Zooloo^

IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XVIIL, 1911,

(WITH TWEN'TY-SIX PLATES.)

Issued at the Zoologicai, Museum, Trino.

PRINTED RY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1911^12.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVIII. (1911).

AVES.

1. On some Necessary Alterations in the Nomenclature of Birds. Gregory

M. Mathews 1 — 22

2. Two New Australian Birds. Gregory M. Mathews 23

3. On the Skeleton of Palaeocorax morioram. (Plate II.) W. P. Pycraft 123—128

4. Preliminary De.scription» of some New Birds from Central New Guinea.

Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert 159 — ICO

5. On the Birds of Sermntta, one of (he South-West Islands. Ernst

Hartert 161— 1G7

6. On Henicophaps foersttri. (Plate I.) Ernst Hartert . . . .108

7. Additions to the Birds of Babber. Ernst Hartert 169

8. Additions to the Avifauna of Luang. Ernst Hartert 1^0

9. A Reference-List to the Birds of Australia. Gregory M. Mathews . 171—455

10. Ornithological Explorations in Algeria. (Plates IX.— XI., XV.— XXVI.)

Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert 456—550

11. Notes on the Pai-adiseidae figured on Plates VII. and VIII. Ernst

Hartert *^"^

12. Laniarius fiinebris degener suhap. uov. C. Hilgert . . • • 605 — 606

COLEOPTERA.

1. Some New AnthriUdae from the Island of St. Thome, Bay of Benin.

K. Jordan 90—91

2. New AnthriUdae. K. Jordan 92—116

3. Some Now AnthriUdae. K. Jordan 601—604

( vi )
LEPIDOPTERA.

1. New Sijntomidm in the Tring Museum. Wai.teh Rothschild

2. New Aegeriidae. Waltf.k Rothschild

3. Descriptions of New Satnrniidae. K. Jordan

4. Some New Sphingidtie. K. Jordan .....

5. Two Now African Butterflies. K. Jordan ....

6. Descriptions of some New Nocliddae in the Tring Museum. W. Warren

7. Preliminary Descriptions of some New or Littlo-known Forms of the

Genus Acram. H. Eltringham

8. New Si/ntomidae and Arctianae. Walter Rothschild .

9. On New or Little-known Delias from New Guinea. K. Jordan

10. Some New Ert/cinidae from Dutch New Guinea. K. Jordan

11. On the Geometrid Genus Eiibordeta Roths. K. Jordan

12. A New Hawk moth from Ecuador. K. Jordan

PACES

24—45

45—47

129—134

135— 13G

1,37—138
140—148

149—153
154-158
580—593
594— 59G
590-599
599— GOO

DIPTEHA.

1. On Camus heimijiteriis Nitzscli {Cenchridohia eijgeri Seliiner) .tikI its

Systematic Position among the Diptera. J. E. Collin . . . 138 — 139

SIPHONAPTERA.

1. On the Bat-fleas described by Kolenati. N. Charles Rothschild . 48 — 5G

2. Katalog der Siphonapteren des Koniglichen Zoologischen Museums in

Berlin. Illustriert. K. Jordan and N. C. Rothschild

57—89

3. Some New Genera and Species of Siplionaptera. Illustrated. N. Charles

Rothschild 117—122

4. List of Siplionaptera collected in Portugal. Illustrated K. Jordan

and N. C. Rothschild 551 — 554

RHYNCHOTA.
1. Contributions to our Knowledge of the Morphology and Systeniatics of

the Pohjctenidae. (Plates XII. — XIV.) K. Jordan . . . 555 — 579

GENERAL INDEX 607—626

SPECIAL INDEX TO MATHEWS' REFERENCE-LIST TO THE BIRDS

OF AUSTRALIA 627-056

LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME XVIII.

I. Eenicophaps foersteri. By J. G. Keulemans.

II. Palaeocorax mwiorum.

III. Arctianae. By Horace Knight.
TV
V
VI.

VII. Faloinellus astrapioides Roth.sch. By H. Giiinvold.

VIII. Astrapia rothschildi Fbrst. By H. Gibnvold.

IX. Merops persicus persiois and Merups persicus chrysocercus.

X. Galenda theklae harierti, Galerida theklae hilgerti, and Gahrida theklae
deichleri.

XI. Heads of Sparrows from Algeria.

XII. — XIV. Polyctenidae. By K. Jordan.

XV.— XXVI. Algerian Views. Phot, by Walter Rothschild (XV. and XIX. from
photographs by Ilyams).

.^-1 J^^

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

Vol. XVIII. JUNE, 1911. No. 1.

ON SOME NECESSARY ALTERATIONS IN THE
NOMENCLATURE OF BIRDS.

PART II.

Conlinued from Nov. Zool. xvii. p. 503(1910).
By GREGORY M. MATHEWS.

THE succeedinj; notes refer, as iu the previous part, almost entirely to Au.straliaa
birds, but tliose dealing with generic names iu some cases will appeal to
students not interested iu that fauua. I wish to acknowledge the invaluable aid
giveu by Mr. C. Davies Sherboru in the matter of obtaining dates ; indeed, without
his assistance some of these notes would not have been written. At the end of the
Australian notes I have added a few which deal entirely with extra-Australian
birds, but contain points whicli seem necessary to be recorded.

Since the publication of my conclusions regarding the invalidity of the
Brissonian genera 1 have received the " 0[iiiuous rendered by the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature." Opinion No. 20 seems to have a direct
bearing on the matter of Brisson, and the acceptance of the Summary there arrived
at would necessitate the recognition of the genera proposed by Brisson. The
printed Discussion, however, contains points which reijuire reconsideration.

Of Gronov's species it is written, " Essentially, Gronow's specific designations
are polynominal and diagnostic," and then the conclusion reads, " It is clear that
Gronow's nomenclature is binary— that is, he names two units or things, genera
and spedes." I would agree with Hoyle that " Gronow has not applied the
princijjles of binary nomenclature."

Article 2 states : " The scientific designation of animals is uninominal for
subgenera and all higher groups, binominal for species, and trinominal for sub-
species." Inasmuch as Gronov failed to comply with this article, which is certainlj'
a vital principle, he did not apply the principles of binary nomenclature, and hence,
according to Article 2.5, his names are invalid. That this reasoning is valid cannot
be denied, as Article 2 is not split into sections but reads consecutively, and must
be accepted or rejected as a whole, not partim. Otherwise it might be claimed
that the Gronoviau specific names, which are by chance binominal, should receive
recognition ; indeed, this principle has been carried out with regard to some, not
consistently binomial, writers.

But my main, and to me unanswerable, argument against Brisson was that
he was non-binomial. I interpreted the word "binary" as equivalent to "binomial,"
and used the latter as more familiar to my readers. According to the reading of
the Commission " binary " has an altogether difi'erent meaning. I am inclined to
question the correctness of the Commission's ruling iu this matter, and herewith

1

(2 )

give my reasons. From the British Association Cotle of 1842 nntil tho Ititeruatioiial
Code the word " binomial " was nsed. In that Code the word " binary " was
substitnted, aiijiarcntly on account of the nse of trinomials. It has been accepted
as corresi>ondinfr absolutely to binomial by all the leading writers on uomenclatnro
in every branch of science. As the meaning of "binary nomenclature" the standard
dictionaries give "binomial nomenclature," and of "binary name," "binomial name."

That such was the intention of the compilers of the International Code is
clearly shown by the wording of Article 20, which reads :

" Art. 20.— The tenth edition of Linne's Sifstema jS'afurae, 1758, is the work
which inaugurated the consistent general application of the binary nomenclature
in zoology. The year 1758, therefore, is accepted as the starting-point of zoological
nomenclature, and of the Law of Priority."

There can be no doubt from the wording of this Article that only a substitute
name for binomial was proposed. Linnd's 10th Edition of the Si/stema Naturae,
1758, (lid inaugurate consistent binomial nomenclature, but it certainly cannot
be stated to have introduced consistently "binary" as understood by the Com-
mission's nomenclature. That was adopted by Liiiiie in his 1st Edition, 173."), and
from that date he was always " binary " until KoS, when he became " binomial "
throughout in his writings.

I therefore submit that the meaning given to the word " binary "' must be
governed by the context, and that in view of Article 20 it can have none other
tjian t'.iat used by me, i.e. absolutely equivalent to binomial.

Page 8 : Genus XII. I'filojuis is preoccupied by ScliOnherr, his p. 1 140 (1823).
,, 12 : „ XXX. RalliiM must be reinstated.

In the last number of the Soc. Zool. p. 403 I projiosed the rejection of RnUina
(anct.), not Heichenbach, and the substitution oi Eari/zona Bonaparte.

While the matter was in the press I came across a note by Witmcr Stone
(I'roc. Acad. Xaf. Sci. Philad. p. 141, 1804) which, although Stone had arrived
at the same conclusion as myself, provided data which led me to reconsider the
question.

It appears that Stejneger {I'roc. V. S. Sat. Mas. x. p. 305, 1887) over
twenty years ago had antieijiated me in advising the misuse (apparent) oi' H'iIUiki,
and tlie necessity of using Kanizona. His arguments led to a diflerent source of
liullina, and consequent invalidity of the conclusions of Stejneger, Witraer Stone,
and myself.

Stejneger (p. 300) wrote : —

1846. Corethriira Gray, Gen. /!. iii p. 595 (type R. cei/lonicus Gm.) nee Reichb.
1855. Rallinn Gray, Cat. den. j). 120 (type R. fascintus Kaffl.) nee Keichb.
Unfortunately he did not say what he considered Corethrura Ueichb.
or Rallina Reichb. to refer to.
Witmer Stone, probably basing his researches ujion this groundwork, gave
more detail, thus : —
On p. 132—
1848. Rullina Reich. Si/n. Ae. vol. iii. Rasores — tyi)e R. maximus Vieill. ;
and on p. 141 —

1840. Rallina Gray, Gen. Birds iii. p. 505— 1\ pe R. zeylanictts Gm. (ncc Rallina
Reichb.).

(3)

Throngb an apparent oversiglit he then rejected Gray's name, though obviously
it had priority.

Moreover, on p. 134 he had stated that Reichenbach first proposed the name
Rnllina in his Si/nopsis Avium vol. iii. Hasores, fam. llalliiKie, which agrees with
his quotation on p. 132.

Reference to Gray's Genera Birds iii. settled the matter, for on p. 595 Gray
introduced " Corethrura Reich.," naming thirty-one species but designating no
type. A footnote reads: "Established by M. Reichenbach in 184 ? liallina of
the same author is synonymous."

The second species, however, is thus treated : —

"2. C.fasciuta (Raffl.), Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 328; Gallinula euryzona Temni.,
PI. col. 417; Rallus nificeps Cav. — type oi Rallina Reich. 1845."

This was dated November 1846. Hence we have de6nitely : —

Rallina (Reich.) Gray 1^46 — type It. fasciata Raffl., as R. ruficeps Cuv. =
R. fasciata Rafti.

All quotations as to Rallina and its type are somewhat after this style {^Cat.
Birds xxiii. p. 74) : —

Rallina Relchenl). Handh. Falicar. p. xxi. (1846).

This reference is apparently incorrect as to the date, but I cannot get to
the truth regarding Reichenbach's works. According to Meyer in his Index zu
L. Reichenbach'' s Ornith. Werken, published in 1879, the date of the publication of
the family Rallinae was December 30, 1840, and of the synopsis Natatores, etc.
1848. If these be accurate then Rallina must be quoted as of Gray's introduction.
Even if Rallina was published prior to Gray's use, no type was designated anterior
to Gray's selection.

The type selections, both for Corethrura and Rallina, given by Stejneger and
Witmer Stone, are inaccurate, the type of Corethrura Reichenbach having been
fixed by Reichenbach himself in the Nat. S>/st. Vuyel p. xxiii. Is52 as jardinii
A. Smith, which is one of the species originally included by Gray.

Page 14 : Species 68. Aptenodytes patagonica Miller, Var. Sub). Nat. Hist. pt. iv.
pi. 23 (1778)
replaces A.forsteri Gray.

The latter species has not yet been recorded from Australia, whereas the former
has recently been noted from Tasmania.

When I reviewed the nomenclature of the Penguins {Xoc. Zool. vol. xvii.
p. 495, 1910) I indicated the existence of the Millerian plates but questioned their
publication. While the paper was in the j)ress I noted their quotation by Boddaert,
and since then I have seen that Richmond has dated the entrance oi Aptenodytes
from Miller 1778 {Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus. vol. xxxv. p. 590, 1908), and that Riley
{Auh, p. 269, 1908) has given details of these Millerian plates. Their recognition
will give stability to the genus Aptenodytes as generally accepted. Therefore
Ajitenndyles will date from Miller (1778), and the type (by monotyiiy) Aptenodytes
patayonica Miller.*

* It is worthy of remark that tliese plates of Tenguins (fur others were issued later) seem to be the
ones fi-ora which the iUuslnitions were made that appear in Forster's paper. The original drawings of
Geo. Forster in the Dritish Museum show that they were the source of both J. It. Forster's and Miller's
plates. They have, in Geo. Forster's handwriting, " I'ublished by J. F. Miller," and also reference to J, R.
Forster's paper in L'ljmment. Gotting.

(4)

Page 16 : Species 84. Pujfinus irecicaitdus Gould
replnces /'. tt'nuii-os(ris Temrainck.
„ 21 : Species 120. Sterna striata Gmelin, S//s(. Sat. XIIIlL EJ. p. 6U9 (1789)
replaces Sterna frontalis Graj'.

This is a change that should have been made long .ago, and I now find that
Sharpe {Hist. Coll. B. M. vol. ii. p. ~'U4, I'JUG), from a stuily of Ellis's drawings,
has already pointed out its necessity.

Page 21 : Genns LXXII. Me<jaloj>l,'ruti Boio, l.-<is p. 1)60 (182G)
replaces Micranoiis Saunders.

In the his p. 980 (1826) Bois introduced his new gvuus thus : —

Mt-galojjterus tenutrosfris Tern. col. 202, u.s.w.

Saunders iu the Cat. i>/;-rfsxsv.p. 130, iJS'JO, placed this genus in the synonymy
of Ano'is, stating Megulopterus Boie, Ms p. 980, 1826, cf. id. op. cit. 1844,
jip. lST-8 — type -I. stoliihis ; and in the synonymy of A. stolidns (p. 137) gave
Megalopterus temtirostris Boie, I sis p. 980, ls20 (nee Temm., cf. Boie, Isis pp. 187-8,
1844).

But in the his (1844), at the quotation made, Boie only referred his Megalo-
pterus to the synonymy of Anoiis (Leach) Steph. (1825), on the score of priority,
usinsr both genera with their wide signiticaliuus. Boie also identified teitnirostris
Tern., PI. col. 202, with St. senex Leach. That action had no elfect either upon the
generic status of Megalopterus nor the specific of teiiuirostris Tem., PI. col. 202. If
Temminck's species were valid, and if ever generically separable, no oilier lonrso
Avas open save the adoption of Boie's name. This was made absolute by Gray,
who, in his List Genera Birds p. 79, 1840, included Megalopterus Boie (type)
M. tenuirostris Temminck, PI. col. 202. Yet in the Bull. B. 0. C. No. x.^iii.
p. six, 1895, Saunders proposed a new genus Micranous for Sterna tenuirostris
Temminck. In the Cat. Birds Saunders retained his own genus, dealing with
Megalopterus Boie as stated above, and as the introduction of tenuirostris gave
PI. col. 202.

Page 23 : Genus LXXXI. I.ohihjx Heine, Xomeiicl. Mus. Bei/i. p. 334, 1890
replaces Lobicanellus ncc Strickland.

Strickland, in Froc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 32, 1841, proposed Sarciop/iorus
for three birds, the first- named being pileutus Gmelin. On p. 33 he introduced
Lobicanellus, to which he referred nine species, the first of which was yoensis
(Jmelin. The same year Gray in his 2nd Edition of his List Genera Birds included
these two genera Q). 64), and designated as tyjies the first-named species in each
case.

In his Sat. Sgst. Viigel p. xviii, I6.j2, Rcichenbach made a new disposition
thus :^

Lobicanellus. Tyi)e /.. lobatus Latham.

Sarciop/iorus. „ S. pectoralis; and jiroposed

Sarcogrammus. „ 'S'. goensis Gmelin.

Of course these designations are invalid owing to the piior action of Gray,
but in the ( 'at. Birds xxiv. Heichenbach has been I'ollowed with regard to Lobicanellus
and Sarcogrammus, though the error was noted when dealing with Sarciop/iorus.
(Jonseijuently Lobibgx of Heine must be used for Lobivanellus of the Cat. Birds,
and Lobicanellus will be the name of the genus there called Sarcogrammus.

( 5)

Page 23 : Species 147. Lobibi/x novaehollandiae Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool.
vol. xi. \)t. ii. p. 510 (1819)
replaces L. lobatus " Latham " Vieill.

Latham proposed the name Triiiga lohata in the Stippl. Index Ornitli. p. Ixv,
1801, for this bird, bnt tliat combination liad been ntilised by Linne in the Si/st.
Nat. Xth Ed. p. 148 (175.S) for another sj)ecies. Vieillot's Vanelhis lobatus {Nouc.
Diet, et Hist. Nat. vol. xxxv. p. 209, 1819) is simply a new generic location for
Latham's species, so that we have to fall back upon Stephens's name as above.

Page 24: Genus LXXXIV. P^i^na^is Schaeffer, Mas. Ornith. p. 48 (1789)— type
P. axrea — C/iaradrus piuvialis Linne
replaces Ckaradrius nee Linni'.
„ ,, Genus LXXXV^. Eupoda Brandt, in TchihatchefF's Voi/. Sci. Altai
Oriental p. 444 (1845) — type (by monotypy) E. caspia Pallas
replaces Ochthodromus Reichb. 1852.
„ „ Genus LXXXVI. Chamdrius Linn(5, Syst. Nat. Xth Ed. p. 150 (1758)—
type C. hiatii'ida
replaces Aegialitis Boie, 1822.
„ 26: Genus XCV. Tringa Linn6, Syst. Nat. Xth Ed. p. 148 (1758)— type
T. ocrophm
replaces Ilelodromas Kanp (1829).
„ „ Genus XCVI. Ileteroscelus Baird, Rep. Expl. Sin-f. Railr. Pac. Ocean
vol. ix. p. 734 (1858)
replaces Heteractitis Stejneger, 1884.

Refer to note under Genus CXLVIII, Oxyum (p. 9).

Page 27 : Genus XOVIII. Xeniis Kaup, Skizz. Entwick. Gesch. Nat. Syst. p. 115
(1829)
replaces Tere/na Bonaparte, 1838.

The same remark applies as to the preceding.

Page 28 : Genus CVI. Canutus Brehm, Vdgel Dcutschl. p. 653 (1831)— type
C. canutus L.
replaces Tringa nee LinnS.

In Nov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 502, 1910, I pointed out tliat under existing
laws Curvirostra Scopoli should replace Loxia as currently accepted. In a
footnote Dr. Hartert drew my attention to the fact that by the exercise of
tautonymy Loxia could be preserved. Privately he referred me to the published
Opiuiiiiis iif tlie International ('ommission on Nomenclature, where Opinion No. 10
dealt with tautonymy as applicable to the Linnean genera. That Opinion, while
ruling that it was a most desirable proceeding to have the type of the Linnean
genera fixed by this method wlien available, carefully decided to say nothing
with regard to the only debatable cases, and wrote : " If any author attempts
to construe the cases (viz. Tringa, Ckaradrius) under the present ruling, the burden
of proof to show that he is justified in the procedure rests upon him." I consider
this a most unscientific proceeding, and feel that if the Linnean genera can
lawfully have types fixed by this method (viz. tautonymy), all that will admit
of such type fixation must be so treated, Cousecjuently I accept as type of

( « )

Chamchius Linnt'', Xtli Ed. ji. l.">0, 1T58, Charadriiis hintictda Liiiiir, ami, as
type of Tringa Lioue, Xtli Ed. p. 148, 1758, Tringa ocrojtlius Linne.

I do not feel it necessary, the sentence of Commission Opinion No. Ki above
qnoted notwitlistauding, to give proof of the urgency of the alterations, bnt
nevertheless will place on record a few of the vicissitudes of Trlnya.

When Bechstein (Orn/t/i. TaM-lienb. I)eutch.i\. p. ~'S2, 1803) introduced Tottnitis
he included in it species of Liinosa, and in Tringa, p. 302, he included both
ocroj/hus and eanutux. In Vanellus, p. 312, he included randltis and sijuatarola.

Illiger in the Prodromus, p. 202, 1811, proposed Aetitis for a mixture of
Limosa, Totantts, etc., and used Tringa, p. 203, for (anellus and squutarolu. In
the Abhamll. K. P. Wissen., 1812-13, p. 230, 1810, he accepted Tringa for what
he had called Actitis, and referred his prior acceptation of Tringa to Charadrius.

Temrainck (}rnniiel d'Ornith. p. xxxi, 181:')) preserved Tringa for the
"Tringoid"' species and Totanns for ^^ ochropus," etc., using Vanellus for
squatarola and vanellus.

Koch (Si/st. baier. Zool. p. xli, 181()) accepted the same disposition of the
species as Temminck.

Vieillot {Analyse nouv. Ornith. p. 50, 1816) indicated as members of Tringa — •
Maubeche-Alouette de Mer-Paon de Mer Bitff.

Caviar {JRegne Animal i. p. 407, 1817) restricted Tringa to squatarola and
vanellus, designating the latter as Tringa s. str. ; then joined the remaining
members of Linnd's Tringa and Scopolax, and subdivided them into varions
sections. For canutus he provided Calidris.

Forster (5y«. Cat. Brit. Birds p. 24, 1817) included earnitus in Tringa, but
put ocropus into Totanus.

Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xii. pt. i. p. 89, 1824, u.^ed Cnlidris for
canutus, not designating anything as typical of Tringa, p. 115, but using it as
a name for the residuum after allotting the species he was familiar with to various
genera.

Boie (/;</« p. .500, 1822) followed Temminck, whilst Brehm {Vogel Dcutschl.
p. 053, 1831) proposed Canutus for canutus, and Tringa, p. 050, he restricted to
maritima, a Gmelin-Linnean species.

Fleming (Pkil. Zool. ii. pp. 255-0, 1822) followed fhivier, as did Lesson
{Manuel Ornith. 1828) and Kanp {Shizz. Entic. (iesch. Nat. Sgst. 1829).

It would seem that it is quite a questionable matter as to the correct type
of Tringa, and Gray's designation of 1840 {List Gen. Birds p. 09) is just as
unsatisfactory. So that, accurately speaking, the acceptance of tautonyray to fix
the type will settle a matter which cannot otherwise be considered as scientifically
decided.

The case of Cliaradrius is not quite the same, as the members of the genus
are very closely allied, and not much genus-splitting could be done. Tlic intro-
duction of Pluvialis by Schaeffer has however been consistently neglected. Its
type by tautonymy is P. aurea = Cliaradrius phivialis Linno. This has been
commonly accepted as the type of Charadrius Linne, but some other sjiecies
must be selected. The wisest course in this dilemma is the adoption of tautonymy
and the fixation of the type of Linne's Charadrius as hiaticula.

The division Orhthodromus must bear the prior name F.upoda of Brandt.
Some authorities may wish to ignore this name on account of a prior Kupodes,
bnt to such I would point out that Ochthodromus on the same grounds would

( 7 )

appear ineligible, as Ochthedromns was used previous])' [b}- Le T'onte, Ann. Lye.
Xut. Hist. Sew York p. 453 (1848)] to Reichenbacli's Ochthod romus.

Page 25 : Genns LXXXVIII. Hypsibateg Nitzsch. m Erscb. u. Gniber's Ewyd.
vol. xvi. p. 150 (1827)
replaces Himantopus Bonnaterre fpreoccupied).

lu the last nnraber of Nov. Zool. p. 499 I allowed the use of Himantopus
Bonnaterre. I unfortunately overlooked the fact that this name was preoccupied
by Miillor, Anim. InJ'us. p. 248 (1780), so that we have to fall back upon
Ifi/psihates, which was provided on account of the invalidity of Himantopus.

Macrotarsus was introduced by Lacepede (Tabl. Ois. p. 18, 1799) for this
genus, but it is unavailable from the fact that earlier in the Tabl. Mamm. p. 5,
1799, he had proposed the same name.

Page 28 : Species 181. For this species acuminata Horsfield must be resumed.

Examination of the Watling drawing upon which the species aurita was
founded, and which Sharpe (///.?/. Coll. B.M. ii. p. 147) recognised as pertaining
to the species commonly known as acuminata Horsfield proves it to be a good
figure of Linne's hi/polencos.

8harpe's determination seems to be purely a lapsus, as no reason for such
identification appears in the figure.

Page 28 : Species 184. Canutus magnus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. p. 39 (1848)
replaces C. crassirostris Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica,
p. 107 (1849).

No proof of prior publication of C. crassirostris can be obtained.

Page 29 : Genus CIX. Irediparra nom. nov.

replaces Hi/dralector auct. uec Wagler.
In the Isis p. 279, 1832, Wagler introduced a new genus Metopidius for
"Latham's Parra a/ricana und Cnvier's Parra aenea." On the next page ho
proposed Hi/dralector for " Vieillot's Parra cristata, Nouv. Diet. 16, p. 450, und
Temmiuck's Parra (tallinacea PI. Col." In the List Genera Birds 1840 Gray
typified these genera thus :

Page 70 : Hijdralector Wagl. //. cristatus (Vieill.) Wagl.
„ 71 : Metopidius Wagl. M. aeneus (Cnv.) Wagl.

In the Cat. Birds xxiv. p. 73, 189(3, these two species are synonymised with
Parra indica Latham, which is considered the type of Metopidius. As a con-
sequence Hijdralector became an absolute synonym of Metopidius. But on p. 79
Hi/dralector is used, the type being given as //. gallinacens Temm.

However, that action cannot be admitted, and as no other name is available
I propose the above, with /. (/allin'(ceus = I'arra gallinacea Temm. as type.

Page 29 : Species 189. Trachelia maldimrum Latham & Davies, Faunula Indica
p. 11 (1795)
replaces T. orientalis Leach (1820).

In the Faunula Indica p. 11, 1795, Latham & Davies proposed three names,
G. maldivarum, G. coromanda, and G. madraspatana, for the three varieties
described by Latham in the Gen. S>/n. Birds vol. v. p. 224. These have ail

(8 )

been referred to tlie synonymy of the species npon whicli Leach bestowed the
name of orientalis tweuty-five years later.

Page 29: Species 190. Burliiniis magnirostris Latham, Siipj'l. IihIpt Dm,
p. Ixvi. (1801)
replaces li. graUarius Latham.

The name maqnimiitns was given on the same page as (/rallariKs, bnt ajipeared
first. It has been neglected owing to slight inaccnracies in the diagnosis. Both
names, as well as a third, were given to birds represented by drawings. I have
examined the drawings known as the Watling drawings, now in the British
Mnsenm, and find tliat the one npon which magnirostrix was founded is by far
the best representation of the liird. I therefore have no liesitatiou in adopting
this name in preference to the two later ones, grultarius andj'i-ae/ia/tt.i.

Page 30: Genns CXIY. Choriotis (Bp.) Gray, Cut. Gen. Stibgen. Birds j). In'j
(185.-.)
replaces Eupo(loti.<i anct. nee Lesson.

Eapodotis was introduced by Lesson in the Jietue Xool. ii. p. 47, 1839, for a
nnmber of species, Otis rhaad, arabs, and others. The following year Gray typified
{List Genera Birds p. 04, 1840) Eitpodotis by rliaad Gm. as of Lesson, XIus.
Senckenb. ii. pi. 15.

In the Ann. Sci. Sat. Ser. iv. vol. i. Zool. p. 148, 1854, Bonaparte included
Choriotis, a nude name. In the Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. Iii9, 1855, Gray
noted :

Choriotis Pr. B. 1854. Type Otis arabs Linn.

The succeeding year Bonaparte used Choriotis (Comptes Itendiis xliii. ji. 410,
1850), attaching thereto arabs, cristata, edwardsi, and australis.

In the Nut. Sgst. Vogel p. xxx, 1852, Reichenbach had typified Kupodotis
Gray by 0. arabs, and proposed Tracheitis with cacrnle.'icens as type.

In the Cat. Birds xxiii. 1894 is given :

Page 308 : Trachelotis Heichb. Type T. caerulescens.

„ 322 : Eupodotis Lesson. „ E. arabs.

As congeneric with cacruleseens Vieill. is included senegalensis Vieill., as
a synonym of which is accej.ted rhaad (Mus. Senchenb. ii. p. 230, taf. 15, 1837),
and rhaad Gm. is dismissed as indeterminable. But Uiippell's fixation of rhaad
would seem to decide its identity, and hence Ei/podotis must be resumed for
tlie species included in the Cat. Birds under Trachelotis, which becomes
synonymous, and for the species typified by arabs, Choriotis must again, as
formerly, be recognised.

Page 30 : Genus CXV. Mathewsia Iredale, Bull. B. n. C. vol. xxvii. j.. 47 (101 1;
replaces Antigone Reichb. (preoccupied).
„ 33: Genus CXXXL Ardeirallu Bonaparte, Consp. Ac. ii. p. 131 (I8o0)
replaces Dupetor Heine.

Dupetor was proposed (yomencl. Ma.s. Ilein. Orn. p. 308) as a substitute for
Ardeirallu, the latter name not meeting with approval on account of its unclassical
formation. I cannot generically separate the Australian bird from the type of
Ardeirallu, but to those more skilled the generic name Xanthocnus Sharpe

(9)

{BuU. B. 0. C. iii. p. sxxvii, lSfl4) iutrodnced for the Anstral-Malayan species
will be available.

Page 35 : Species 222. D. youldi Gonld, Handh. Birds Aiistr. ii. p. 374 (LSG."))
replaces D. arcuata Horsfield.

In the Cat. Birds, vol. xxvii. p. 153 Ralvadori preferred P. nrewita Horsfield,
Zool. Ttes. in Java, pi. 6.5, 1824, for the Austro-Malayan species dift'erentiated
from D.javanica of the same anther previously proposed in the Trans. Linn. Son.
Land. vol. xiii. p. 199, 1822.

Salvador! accepted arcuata on the plate given, hnt the letterpress covered
javanica. The fiicts are : Horsfield proposed jacaniea and noted varieties, one of
which agrees with the bird in question now considered specifically separable. In
his second paper he used arcuata for the same group on account of its prior
introduction by Cuvier in BIS. only, and saidv javanica as a synonym of the later
arcuata. Of course, in reality arcuata is a pure synonym of jaranica, the latter
having priority. Count Salvador!, however, recognising that the figure given
really belonged to one of the varieties, used arcuata as based on that figure,
though the text proved the contrary. This course is not permissible. As a
substitute I have fallen back upon ijouldi, which Gonld accepted for the Australian
bird as of Bonaparte. Bonaparte's introduction {Comptes Rendus, vol. xliii.
p. 649, 185G) was of a nude name only, so that the above quotation is the first
description.

Two other prior names have been used for this bird, but each I consider
inapplicable. Miiller's Anas badia {Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land en Yolkenk., p. 159,
1842) is another nude name, whilst Eraser's .4. vagans was described from the
Pliilippines {Zool. Tijpica, p. 68, 1849), and I am not inclined to accept it for
the Australian form.

Page 36 : Genus CXLVIII. Oxyura Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Kat. flist. Xew York,
ii. p. 390, 1828
replaces Erisrnatura Bonaparte, 1831.

I am unable to find that Oxyura is preoccupied. I have noticed several
prior usages of Oxyurus, but none of Oxyura. Under the existing nomenclatorial
laws the latter must be used. I may state that I have carefully considered this
matter, as the American Ornithological Union have sanctioned the rejection of
some names ending in -ics on account of prior similar names ending in -a and
rice versa, but in other cases acccj)t(.'d some differing only in the same way, and
conclude that confusion would ensue should the American Ornithological Union's
views be adopted. Many changes would be necessary in the nomenclature of
Australian birds by following the American Ornithological Union Code. To those
who would wish to retain lirismatura I would point out that it would occni)y an
unstable position. As far as I can trace, though that generic name, Giorn. Arcud. Iii.
p. 208, is usually quoted as 1831, it was not published until well on in the year
1832, whereas Cerconectes Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 282, appeared early in that year
and appears to have priority.

Page 38 : Species 244. Sula dactylatra Lesson, Traitc d. Ornith. p. OiJl (1831)
replaces S. cyanops Snndevall, 1837.

In the Cat. Birds, vol. xxvi. p. 430 Ogilvie-Grant accepted cyanops of
H\nidcva!l {I'hysioyr. Sails/,: Tidsk. (Lund.) i. p. 218, 1837) in preference to

( 10 )

Lesson's ihtctylatra, which first upiieareil in the Vo>/. CoqniUe i. p. 404, noting,
"The description of S. dachjlatra given by Lesson is nnrecognisable." This
remark may be applicable to the note given in the Voij. CoquiUe, bat certainly
not to the account in the Traitl; which fixes the sjiecies as the bird called
cyanops by Sundevall six years later. It appears probable that tlie Australian
bird will bear the name given to it by Gould, viz. persoiwta, but I have not yet
sufficient material to decide.

Page 39 : Species 254. Circus approximam Peale, United States Expl. Erped.
p. 04 (1848)
replaces Circus gouleh Bonaparte, 1S50.
., 40 : Genus CLXL IlieraaHus Kaup, Classif. Sdmj. </• 17«/. p. V2n (1844)

replaces Eutolmaetxs Bl_\th, 1845.
„ 41 : Species 206. Ilaliastur leucostermis Gould, Synops. Birds Aitstr. pt. iii.
April 1838
replaces H. girrencra Vieillot.

Vieillot {Galerie d''Ois. i. pi. x. I82ii) j)roposed Ilaliaotus girrenera simply as
a new name for the bird described as Falco pondecerianus Gmelin. He wrote :
" On le tronve anssi, selon Latham, :i la Nonvelle Hollande, oil il porte le nom
qne nous Ini avons conserve." Of course this cannot be construed as separating
the Australian from the Indian bird, especially when the context is read. (Con-
sequently we must revert to Gould's name founded on the Australian species.

Page 44 : Species 293. Sinox queenslandica Mathews, Bull. B. 0. C. xxvii.
p. 02 (1911)
replaces yinox liwneralis, Bonaparte.

The later bird is confined to New Guinea, and is represented in Queensland
l)y a distinct form, as above.

Page 45 : Genns ('LXXVIII. Entelipsitta nom. nov.
replaces Psitteuti-les nee Bonaiiarte.
„ „ Genus CLXXIX. Psittextelrs Bonaparte
replaces Ptilosdera (Bp.) Gonld.

In the Rev. Mag. Zool. vol. vi. p. 157, 1854, Bonaparte introdnced Psitfetifeles
with four species — versicolor Vig., iris Temm., cuteles Temm., and placens Temm.
No type was indicated, and therefore the following year Gray {Cat. Gen. Suhgen.
Birds, p. 88) selected the first named as type.

In the Uandlj. Birds Austr. ii. p. 98, 1805, Gould used Ptilosdera as of
Bonaparte for versicolor alone. He referred to Ptilosdera versicolor, Comptes
liendus, 1857, but gave no pagination. In the Cat. Birds B. M. vol. xx. p. 06
Ptilosdera is accepted for the species versicolor.

Its entry is given as that of Bonajiarte, Comptis I'l'udiis, vol. xliv. p. 597,
1857, but at that place only the nude name occurs, no indication being given as
to its extent. The earliest systematic use of the name I have traced is that of
Gonld, as above.

In the Cat. Birds xx. p. 63 Psitteuteles is also retained, the type being
selected as P. euteles Temminck. But Gray's designation invalidated all later
type difterentiations, and couseqnently Ptilosdera must be replaced by P.titteiiteles,
and a new name is necessary for the group erroneously known by the latter name.

( 11 )

I therefore propose Eutelipsifta, and designate as type Psittacus chlorolepidotus
Kuhl.

Page 40: Species 311. Ci/r-lopsitta h'lilhmti'ri McCoy, Annals Mag. j^at. Ilisf.
Ser. iv. vol. xvi. p. .54, Jnly 1, 1875
replaces C. mnccoyi Gonld, Froi\ Zool. Soc. Loml. p. 314, Ang. 1,
1875.
„ „ Genus CLXXXII. 5o;«no^Zos«i<.s Ranzani, Efewi. ^/< ^rto/. iii. pt. ii. p. 18, Jh qI.
pi. V. figs. 3, 3, 1821
replaces Microglossus Vieillot. ,

Salvadori's reason for rejecting Solenoglossus, as given in the Cat. Birds
xx. p. 102 footnote, reads:

" Solenoglossus Ranz. has certainly the priority over Microglossus Geoffr.,
but it conveys quite a false idea of the structure of the tongue."

Then follows a history of the name Microglossus.

It is interesting to note that Gray, in the List Genera Birds, p. 69 (1841),
nsed Microglossum Geoffr., 1 809 ; probably following Gray, Agassiz, in the Nomen.
Zool. Aves, p. 47, 1846, gave Microglossum Geoff., Ann. Mus. xiii. (1809).

But search through the Aimales Mus. d'llisf. Nat. Paris, vol. xiii. (1809) does
Dot reveal Microglossum, though in that volume Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire introduced
a new genus Microductylus. I surmise that the similarity of names, through
inadvertence, caused the reference of Microglossum to this place. I have looked
through all Saint-Hilaire's papers without result, and when he later discussed
Microglossus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire did not claim to have previously proposed
the name, and accepted it as of Vieillot, Galcrie d'Oiseaux i. p. 47, pi. 50.

In the same place Count Salvadori pointed out that Probosciger Knhl {Consp.
Psitt. p. 12, 1820) was not proposed generically, but only the name given to
a section, and therefore did not recognise it as applicable from that introdnction.
AVith this statement I ijuite agree, and refuse to accept names simply proposed
sectionally as of their sectional date.

Bnt I noted that on p. 170 Count Salvadori has allowed the use of Conurus,
which was proposed at the same time and in the same manner as Prohosciger, and
moreover dates it from the Consp. Psitt. of Kuhl. I consider it invalid as of that
place, and before it was taken up generically Aratinga would appear to have been
proposed by Spix {Av. Bras. i. p. 29, 1824). Further, the earliest use of Coriurus
1 can trace is that of Lesson, who, in the Manuel d'Orn. ii. p. 148, 1828, used it
subgeuerically and cited as type Psittacus rujirostris L. enl. 550. This is one of
Kuhl's original species, and therefore should Co'nurus be recognised as of Kuhl,
it follows that its type would of necessity be that species. In the Cat. Birds xx.
p. 443, the species, enl. 5.50, is called Palaeorids torquata Boddaert, the name
given to that figure alone. It would thus follow that Conunis Lesson, 1828,
should be quoted in the synonymy of Palaeornis. To refer it incorrectly to Knhl,
1820, would mean the displacement of Palaeornis by Conurus. Consistently
Comirus must be displaced by Aratinga.

Further, Count Salvadori {Cat. Birds xx. p. 138) rejected Micropsitta Lesson,
Traitc d'Orn. Tp. 646. 1831, in favour of N'asiterna Wagler, 3{on. Psitt. p. 498.
1832. No reason is given, but in the Ibis, 1906, p. 326, Count Salvadori has
cxi)lained, " The latter name (Micropsitta) was proposed as a subgenus of Psittacus,
and not as a real genus." Here Count Salvadori is clearly at fault, as for nomen-

( in

clatorial purposes names proposed generically luul subgenerically are of eiiiuil
value; therefore Nasiterna mnst be replaced by Micropsitta.
Page 47 : Genus C'LXXXV. Cacatois Domeril, Zool. Anah/tique p. 50 (1800)
replaces Cucatua Vicillot.
Genus ( 'LXXXVII. Lqitulophm Swainson, Xool. IlbiMr. Ilud Ser, i)l. 112
(18:i2-3)
rei)lace8 Calopsitta Lesson, Illustr. Zool. pi. xlix. 1835.
In the Cat. Birds xx. p. 135, Calopsitta is jjreferred as of date May 183'» ;
the month of Swainson's genus not being given.

A casual examination of Lesson's work showed that Mai 1832 was only the
date of the text to i)ls. xlix. and 1., and had nothing to do with publication.
The text to pis. xlv. and xlvi. is dated Juillet ls33.

Upon reference to the Bibliotheque Frauraise I obtained the following dates.
The prospectus, noticed February 4, 1832, gave the information that the volume
would consist of 20 livrs., eacli livraison to contain 3 pis. with text, not paged, and
the first No. to be issued March 1, and thence monthly.
The dates show that this was not carried out :

ilates. In 8" de % sheet. Julv 14, 1832.
„ i „ Sept. 1,1832.
„ I „ Oct. 13, 1832.
„ J „ Nov. 3,1832.
„ I „ Dec.1,1832.
„ f „ Feb. 23, 1833.
„ . i „ April 13, 1833.
„ i „ Aug. 10, 1833.
„ f „ Aug. 24, 1833.
„ J „ Oct. 19, 1833.
„ i „ Dec. 21, 1833.
„ 5 „ March 22, 1834.
„ i „ May IT, 1834.
„ f „ Aug. 2, 1834.
„ 3 „ .Jan. 17, 1835.

No further notices appear in this journal, but in the Comptes Rendiis, December
1835, p. 517, livr. 18 and 20 are noticed.

As corroboratory evidence it may be noted that the text to pi. Ix. contains a
reference to Journal cle I'lnstitut, No. 72, 27 Septembre, 1834.

These dates, therefore, place J;he publication of Calopsitta in 1835.

The 1st Series of Swainson's Zool. //to^r. were published monthly, and tlie
2nd Series was commenced on the same plan. They were announced on February 29,
1829, to appear monthly. In the Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 272, June 1831,
Swaiuson himself wrote, "In each regular number (12 out of 13) there are five
plates,"' and in the same volume, p. 555, wrote in a letter dated September 1831,
" The 17th and istli came out bnt a month ago." He there threatened to publish
only two more parts. Apparently this was done, and constitutes the first two
volumes. Then under pressure a third volume was undertaken some time later,
and it was completed early in 1833, the preface being dated March 4, 1833. I have
been so far unable to fix tlie absolute date of the parts comprising this last volume,
but there can be no doubt that the date given on the title-page, 1832-3, is correct.

pro

livr.

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2'

»

3

3°

)J

3

4.

»J

3

5*

»

3

fi»

))

3

I

)»

3

8"

?)

3

9«

JJ

3

lo-

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3

ll"

)»

3

12*

>l

3

13=

»

3

14"

JJ

3

1.5"

1»

3

( 13)

Consequeutly the date for Lcptolophus Swaiuson, at the latest, is 1833, and it
has thus clear priority over Calopsitla.

It may be as well to note that Wagler, in the Abhandl. Ak Wi&semch.
Miliicfien, i. p. 400, proposed Xj/mpliicm, and included therenmler two species,
hisetin&wA nomehollnndiae. This paper is dated 1832, and as I have shown above
was jiublislied about that date. In the Lint Genera Birds, p. 51, 1840, Gray
typifies this genus by noraehoUandiae, and it would seem that another conflicting
element was to be introduced. Reference to Wagler's paper, however, shows that
the genus was based on bisetis; noviehollandiae being included from literature
only, Wagler carefully noting, " Non vidi." Under these circumstances I would
admit the abrogation of Gray's type designation and the retention of Nympkicus for
the bisetis group.

While noting these Parrakeet names it is of interest to point out that
1 hiay ptilus of Wagler (to', cit. p. 5o2) is retained in the Cat. Birds xx. jt. 385, in
preference to Fsittrickas Lesson, while when Wagler introduced his genus he
pointed out that he had been auticijiated in publication by Lesson with Psittrichas,
and it is this note that gives ns some idea of the date of publication of Wagler's
paper.

As a synonym of Psiltaciis pecquetii Less., Ball, des Sci. Sat. xxv. p. 241,
Juin 1831, Salvador! i^uotes Banksiaiws falyidtis Lesson, Traitc d'Oni. p. 181, 1831
(type examined).

I havesliown that this part of the Traitc d'Om. was published in 183i.» ; hence a
double change is necessary, and the bird called Dasi/ptilus pecquetii Lesson must
bear the name Fsittrickas fulgidus Lesson.

Page 47 : Species 327. L. auricomis Swainsou, Zool. ll/iis. llnd Ser. pi. 1 12 (1832-3)
replaces L. uoeaekollandiue Gmeliu, Si/st. Sat. XUlth Ed. 1788.
p. 328, not p. 316.
„ 48 : Si)ecies 328. P. swainsonii Desmarest, Diet. 8c. Nat. xxxix. p. 39 (1820)

replaces P. barrabandi Swainson, 1821 (nee Kuhl, 1820).
„ „ Genus (JXO. xiprosmictus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., 1842, p. Ill

replaces Ptistes Gould, Handbook Birds Austr. ii. p. 37, 18G5.
,, „ Genus CXCI. Alisterus nom. nov.

replaces Aprosmicttis Gould, 1805, not 1842.
When Gould introduced his genus Aprosmictas he stated "Types Plati/cercas
scapulatus and eri/t/wopterus." When Gra)', in the Cat. Gen. Birds, 1855,
designated types he selected the latter, and of course against this there can be
no objection. However, in 1805 Gould proposed a new name for the enjthroptcras
group, and restricted Aprosmicttis to the scapulatus group. This misuse of the
names was carefully noted by Gray in the IPxndl. Gen. Sp. Birds B. M. 187U,
who, as sections of Plati/cercus, gave

p. 138 : tj. Aprosmictas Gould, 1642.

Synonym I'tistes Gould, lS05.

p. 139: //. >

Synonym Aprosmictas Gould, IsOo.
Yet, in the Cat. Birds, vol. xx., apparently following Gould, Salvadori retained
p. 4^1 : Ptistes. Type P. enjthropterus.

p. 4s5 : Aprosmictas. ,, A. cijanoptjijias.

As Grab's action settled the mutter, there is no other course open save the

( 11 )

introduction of a new name for tlie group erroneonslv known by tlie generic name
oi Aj/rosmktui and the nse of Ajuosiiiict'/g for the genus hitherto i^iiowu as Ptistes.

The type of Alistents is A. c>/amp>/gius = Psittacus cyanopygius Vieillot.
Page 49 : Species 338. Platycercus caledonicm Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. \\ 328 (1788)
replaces P.J/arircntiis Temra. {P. biowni Kuhl).
„ „ Species 344. /'. cecilae nom. nov.

replaces /'. xploididiia Gould, 1845 ; uec Shaw, 1702.
„ 50 : Species 3()0. J's('pI(Otii!i dnlciei nom. nov.

replaces /'. multicolor Kuhl, Mon. P/<i/t. p. 55 (1820), not Giuelin,
Syst.yat. p. 328(1788).
„ 51 : Genus CXCVIII. Lathamm Lesson, Traitc (/'Orn. p. 205 (1830)
rejilaces Kup/iema Wagler, 1832.

Oberholser, in the Smitltson. Miscell. Coll. vol. xlviii. p. 01, 19i)5, discussed
the names proposed for this genus, and accepted Euphema Wagler, and in my
Handlist I adopted his conclusion. Recently I have had occasion to go into
the matter more closely than at the time when I prepared my Handlist, and
I find Oberholser's decision must be reversed.

The lirst name to be introdnced was yanodcs, by Vigors & Horsfield in
the Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. xv. ji. 274, who designated as type Psittacus
discolor Shaw. Oberholser, accepting the date of this paper as 1827, rejected
Xuiiodes on account of the prior Sa/iodes Schunherr, Cure. Dis]). Meth. p. 322,
1826. Bnt the part of the Linnean Transactions containing Xanodes was issued
in 1826, so that an awkward position would have resulted had it not been that
Schiinherr had previously published Xanodes in the Isis, p. 587, 1825 ; so that,
though Mr. Oberholser's dates were incorrect, Xanodes is nevertheless invalid.

In the Traitc d'Urn. p. 205, Lesson proposed Latkamus as a substitute
for Xanodes (preoccupied). Oberholser rejected this name, as he contended that
Lathamm had been used in the Centurie Zool. p. 03. pi. 18 in conjunction with a
bird which was not congeneric with discolor Shaw, and that this usage appeared
anterior to the Traitc introduction. Oberholser used as dates those on the title
pages of the two publications, namely, 1831 for the Traitc, and 1830 for the
Cent. Zool. But the latter was obviously incorrect, as articles in the Cent. Zool.
bore dates ranging from 1822 to March 1831.

Moreover in the Joarn. autour Globe du " "J'/ietis," ii. p. 313, 1837, Lesson
stated he had introduced new names for the divisions of Parrots in the Traitc
published in 1830. I therefore endeavoured to fix the dates of issue of the
Traitc and Cent. Zool. so that the priority of Latkamus in 'Traitc or Cent. Zool.
sliould be settled. As it is probable that these dates will have a bearing ujion other
matters as well as the one at issue I herewith give my results.

The Bibliotheqne Fran^aise gives as dates of receipt of the jjarts of the Traitc
d'Om. as follows :

pre

livr.

No plates.

In 8" de 5

sheets.

, pp. 1 -80.

Frb. 13, 1830.

2"

)j

15 phites and h"

) plates. 5

jj

pp. 81-100.

May 8, 1830.

3-

j>

15 „

In 8" de 5

»

pp. 101-240.

July 10, 1830.

4"

5)

15 „

» 5

jj

pp. 241-320.

Sept. 25, 1830.

5"

)I

—

—

pp. 321-40(1.

—

0"

>I

—

—

pp. 401-480.

About Slarcli 1

1

J)

15 plates.

In 8" de 5

sheets.

, pp. 481-500.

April 0, 1831.

b"

»

15 „

„ 5

j>

pp. 5Ul-end.

June 11, l8ol.

( 15 )

The pagination is estimated, parts as issued uot beiug available to me.

This would give as date of publication of Lathumus of the Traitc (/'0/n.
July 10, 1830.

From the same source I obtained information regarding the Centiirie de ZooL,
thus :

l"" livr. No plates. In 8" de 2 sheets ; in 4" de 4 sheets. March 20, 1830.

2- „ 5 „ „ 2 „ Oct. 2, 1,S30.

3" „ 5 „ » 1 slitet Jan. 29, lfS31.

4" and 5" livr. — — —

(5% 7", and SMivr. l.j [dates. Un seul cahier de 3 sheets. July 0, 1831.

9" to 12" livr. — — —

13'^^ to 16" ,, 20 plates. Uu seul cahier de 3| sheets. May 19, 1832.

" Le cahier annouce aujonrd'hui est le dernier " is added to this notice.

From this it is conclusive that Lathamus of the Cent. Zool. could not have
have appeared until after the Traite usage.

A complication at first sight appears by the notices of the Cent. Zool. given iu
Ferussac's Bull, des Sci. Sat. In vol. xix. j). 321, No. 180, November— December
1829, a notice is given of its appearance, and twelve plates are indicated as forming
livr. 1 and 2. In vol. xxiii, p. 201, No. h")3, November 1830, another notice
is given of livr. 1—5, and here the contents of livr. 3 — 5 are given as 5 pis.
each, and P. {Lathamus) aurifrons is mentioned as part of livr. 3. In vol. xxiv.
p. 3.j1, No. 222, March 1831, livr. 6—12 are noticed.

That all these notices are preliminary is proved by the receipt of the parts as
given by the Bibliotheque Frani,'aise. The first appeared without plates, and the
second with five only instead of the twelve noted above in the first notice. The
second instance appears similarly as preliminary note with regard to livr. 3 — ^5,
as there P. {Lathamus) aurifrons is given as part of livr. 3, which contained five
l)lates only, and this, with the twelve noted, only makes seventeen, whereas
P. (L.) auri/rons is plate 1 8.

Examination of the dated articles in the Cent. Zool. shows that the majority
of the first twelve bear dates October — November 1829, pointing out that the
first notice was written probably from MS. The text to plate 74 is dated March

1831, whilst the Postscriptum at the end of tlie work is dated February 1831.
Consequently no reliance can be placed upon these dates or the notices iu the
Bulletin, and the only trustworthy dates are those given in the Bibliotheque
Fran(;aise.

As Lesson was one of the reviewers attached to the Bulletin, it is easy to see
how such preliminary notices could be written.

The name selected by Oberholscr, namely Eapkema Wagler, ajipeared in the
Abhandl. Ah W'issensch. Miinchen, i. p. 492, and the date accepted by Oberholser,

1832, may be admitted. This paper has sometimes been quoted as 1829-30,
but a footnote on p. 502 quotes the Bullet. Unic. 1831, p. 241. This appeared
in June 1831, so that at the earliest it was later than that date.

Oberholser, when admitting Ldthumus of the Cent. Zool., wrote that its
connection with the species there figured " makes it a synonym of Bolborhijncha.i."
Of course this was purely an error, as that name was not introduced until almost
thirty years after the issue of the Cent. Zool.

( 16 )

Page oT : Species 405. Cuculas paUiJus Latliam, [ml. Orn. Sujj/>L p. Ix (ISOl)
replaces C. iyiornatus Vig. & Horsf.

Dr. Hartert, in tlie Sov. /.ool. xii. p. :^1T, I'JUo, first cast doubt upon the
traditional identification of Latham's Pale Pigeon with tiie Cuckoo. From an
examination of the Watling drawings, from which Latham drew up his descriptions,
Shan'c (///.</. Coll. B. M. vol. ii. p. 145, liiOti) tentatively referred the tyi)e drawing
of Latham's Pale Pigeon to Loj//wlaimus untareticus Shaw. Such an extraordinary
identification led me to examine tlie Watling drawings, whicli are preserved in the
British Museum, and I find the drawing to be unmistakably of the Cuckoo, aud
hence Latham's name must be reinstated. The points of inaccuracy raised by
Dr. Hartert are visible on the drawing, but it is quite a good representation of the
Cuckoo, and however Sharpe wrote his note comparing it with L. aiUarcticus
I cannot understand, save tliat it was purely a lapsus calami.

Page 57 : Species 406. Cacomantis rubrkattis Latham, liid. Oni. Stijipl. p. Iv
(1801)
replaces C. rufuliis Vieill.
„ „ Species 407. Caeotiumtis variolosus Horsfield, Trans. Liim. Soc. I.oiirl.
vol. XV. p. 300 (181'6)
rei)laces C.Jiabellifonnis nee Latham.

The nomenclature of these Cuckoos has been the subject of some discussion.
North, in the Iljis,\i. 53, 1900, has, from an examination of the descrijitioiis, reversed
the traditional identifications, preferring rufulus Viellot, JS'oiic. Diet. iPJJist. Sat.
vol. viii. p. '.I'ii, 1817, for the species previously known a,s _/fabelli/'ormis Latham,
and using JlahelUJormis Latham for the species known as variolosus Horsfield.
Sharj)e, in the Hist. Coll. B. M. ii. p. 121, I'JOO, recognised the Watling drawing
upon which y/'('f//('W//o/v«/.s was founded as apjilicable to that species as commonly
understood, though he pointed out many inaccuracies. This figure was reproduced
in the General Synopsis, and it is obviously not applicable to any Australian
Cuckoo : the black band ou its throat prevents its adoption for any species,
and I therefore reject Jiabelliformis as indeterminable, and probably extra-
Australian. When examining the Watling drawings I recognised that some of
them, such as this, are obviously not representations of Australian birds, however
untrustworthy they might be. I do not consider any of the drawings untrust-
worthy, as the great majority are recognisable at sight, whilst most are really
good figures.

The Watling drawing No. 202, upon which is founded the Si/lcia rubricata
Latham, fnil. Orn. Sicppl. p. Iv, ISOl, is a splendid representation of the bird
previously known a,sJlabclliJ'ormis Latham, and was so recognised by Sharpe (p. 142)
when dealing with the Watling drawings. ('onse(piently it is available for this
species, and we can resume variolosus Horsfield for the species jireviously known
under that name, but which a{)pearcd in my Handlist nsjlabellijormis.

It may nut be out of place to note that in the Watling drawings, Nos. 202 aud
203 are both named Ruddy Warbler, the latter named as I'emale. This latter was
correctly identified by Sharpe as Eop.ialtria australis.

The description of the Uuddy Warbler in the Gen. 5y«. Siippl. ii. p. 24'J
is based upon both figures, but the description in the Ind. Orn. S/ippl. p. Iv, upon
which the name rubricata stands, applies solely to the Cuckoo.

( 17 )

Latham's description is inaccurate only in tlie colonr of the feet, which are
given as " flavi," and which the fignre shows dark.

Page 59 : Genus CCXXIII. Menum Latham, Snp/d. Index Orii. p. Ixi (1801).
replaces j\[enura Davies (1S02).
„ „ Species 418. M. n. hollandiae Latham, Sappl. Judex Orn. p. Ixi (1801).
replaces M. superba Davies (1802).

In the Tranit. Linn. Soc. Land. vol. vi. p. 207 Davies described Menunt
superba. The date of this introduction has been usually given as 1800, and it has
been preferred to 'Menura n. hollandiae Latham, Siippl. Index Orn. p. Ixi, 1801.
But though Davies's note was read in 1800, an additional note (p. 210) is dated
June 10, 1801, and, as a matter of fact, it was not published until 1802, as Mr.
Sherborn has already pointed out {Index Animalium, p. 607, 1902). Consequently
Latham's names have absolute priority, and must be accepted.

Page 08 : Species o04. Coracina melanops Lath, must be resumed for this species.

Sharpe, in tlie Hist. Coll. B. M. ii. p. 113, when explaining the Watling
drawing's, pointed out that Lanius robustus seemed to be tlie first name given to
the bird commonly known as Graucaliis melanops Lath., and upon this authority,
in my Handlist, I included species No. 504, Coracina robusta Lath. = C. melanops
Lath.

Re-examination of the Watling drawings having indicated errors of identifica-
tion on the part of Sharpe with regard to some species, which are noted in this
paper, I carefully went into the matter again. With the birds in front of me I find
that robustus is not applicable, whereas No. 58, the type of Corvus melanops, is a
splendid representation. We are therefore compelled to resume melanops, as it
undoubtedly should never have l)een changed. The type fignre of robustus shows
that Latham's description {Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 74) is correct — " the head and the
whole of the neck as far as the breast are black . . . the tail in colonr like the body,
crossed near the end with a broad bar of black, but the very end of it is nearly
white." These characters at once divorce the name robustus from connection with
melanops.

Page 70 : Species 520. Psopl/odes olimceus Latham, Suppl. Ind. Orn. p. xxvi (1801)

replaces P. crepitans Latham, Suppl. Ind. C>rn. p. Ii, 1801.

This alteration will minimise the risk of such an erroneous localisation as that

"in the Zool. Record, 1009, Aves, p. 103, when, through the similarity of both the

generic and specific names to Psophia crepitans Linne, this species is referred to

the Ordek Gruiformes 1

Page 74 : Species 557. Oriyma solitaria Lewin, Birds of Xew Holland, PI. XVI
(1808)
replaces 0. rubricata uec Latham.

This change is necessary throngh the examination of the Watling drawings,
when it is discovered that Sylvia rubricata Latham referred to the bird previously
known as Cacomantis Jiabelliformis.

Page 75: Species 564. In the Xov. Zool. vol. xvii. p. 501 (1910) I proposed
the new name Acanthiza archibaldi.

This unfortunately appeared without any indication of its novelty ; hence this
note is necessary in order to prevent confusion.

( 18 )

Page 80: Genus CCLXXIII. Diaphorillas Oberholser, Proc. Acud. Xat. Sci.
ri„lml. !>. 212 (1809)
replaces Aim/tornis .Stejueger.

Ill the llumll. Birds Brit. Mas. vol. iv. p. 340 (1903) Anujtornis (Stejneger,
Stanrl. Xat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 499, 1885) is used as the genus name for the genu.s
Aiiii/ti.i Lesson (preoccupied). However, at that quotation Amytornis is virtually
a nude name, and, as far as I can trace, its first systematic use is in the Ila/x/list
us above (19(i:)). But Oberholser lind jirevionsly correctly jiroposed DiaphoriUa.s
for the same genus, and consequently that name must be used.

Page 82: Species 046. Giallina rifanoleuca Latham, Siijtpl. Ind. Om. p. xxv
(1801)
replaces G. pinata Latham.

The Watling drawing, the type of cyanoleucn, is a good representation of tiie
bird previously known as picata.

Page 84 : Species 058. Cracticiis tonjiiatits Latham, Supp/. [ii(h:r Orn. \\. xviii
(1801)
replaces C. destructor Temminck.

From an examination of Watling drawing No. 27 I made the above identifi-
cation, and upon referring to Hist. Coll. Brit. Miis. ii. p. 113 (1900) I found that
Sharpe had obtained the same result ; but by writing " L. torquatiis becomes a
synonym of C. di:striietor'" I had overlooked that the former name liad almost
twenty years' priority.

Page 89 : Species T05. Clirnacteris leucophaca Latham, f?/^^/. Ind. Orn. p. xxxvi
(1801)
replaces C. scandens Temminck.

Examination of the Watling drawings confirms this change, j)ointcd out by
Sharpe {Hist. Coll. Brit. Mas. ii. p. 134).

Page 90 : Genus CCLXXXIX. The authority for Dicneum is Cnvier.

Dicaeum is usually quoted as of Cnvier, Rryne Animal, i. p. 41ii, 1817 : a
reference to Vieiliot, Noiiv. Diet, et Hist. Nat. vol. ix. p. 407, 1817, caused me to
look up the dates of these two works.

From the Bibliothi'que Francaiso I gained the following dates of receipt :

La Ecgne Animal, 4 vols, in octavo, each 130 slieets jiliis 1.") jils., Dec. 7, IMG.

Regarding the J\'oue. Diet. 1 obtained :

Prospectus noticed March 9, 1816.

Amended j)rospectus noticed . . . July 20, 1810.

Vols. L, IL, 111. „ ... Sept. 14, 1810.

„ IV., v., VI. „ ... Dec. 14, 1816.

„ VII., Vlll., IX. „ ... March 15, 1817.

„ X., XI., XII. „ ... June 21, 1817.

„ XIII., XIV., XV. noticed . . . Sept. 13, I8l7.

„ XVL, XVIL, XVIIL „ . . . Dec. 27, 1817.

„ XIX., XX., XXL „ . . . May 30, 1818.

„ XXII., XXIII., XXIV. noticed . Sept. 5, 1818.

„ XXV., XXVI., XXVIL „ . Dec. 26, 1818.

( 19 )

This date regarding Caviar is of much interest, as it has always been known
that it must have been published very early in 181T, so that the fact of its issue
at the end of ISIO is uotevrorthy.

Page 90 : Species 72.5. Pardalotus striafas Gmeliii, .Sy*-/. Nat. i. p. H.Hi:] (1789)
replaces P. ajfinis Gould.
,, 91 : Species 733. Mclitlireptas lamitus Shaw, in Vieillot, Ois. Dor. vol. ii.
p. 122, pi. 61 (1S02)

replaces M. afr/'rajji/li/s iiec Latham.
„ 92 : Species 741. Mclithrcptus atricapUlus Latham, Sappl. lad. Orn.
p. xxxvii (1801)
replaces M. brevirostris Vigors & Horsf.

In the Ibis, p. 55, 1900, North advocated the adoption of Latham's atricapillus
for the bird known as " lunahitus " Shaw. He, however, observed that the
distinguishing character of the latter species was not mentioned.

Sharpe {IJist. Coll. Brit. Mas. ii. p. 128, 1900), from a study of the Watling
drawings, independently proposed the rejection of " Itumlatas''' Shaw, and also
preferred atrii-npilbis for the species previously known under the former name.
The absence of the name-character in the description made me dubious as to tln^
correctness of identifying " lunulatus " and atricapillus. I therefore have carefully
studied the Watling figures, and find that the above alterations are necessar}-.
The fignre upon which atricapillus was founded is ipiite a good picture of the
bird known as brevirostris Vig. & Horsf. It must be remembered that Latham's
descriptions were drawn up from these figures only, and conseipently the colour
vaUies given by Latham depend entirely upon the artists. In the present instance
the fignre shows a dark head, which Latham concluded was black ; but upon
comparing specimens of brcdrostris and luiiatiis (for such is the name Shaw
used) it was seen that the coloration of the figure agreed very well indeed with
that of brevirostris, whereas it disagreed in many particulars with lunatus, which
moreover was thrice well figured in the same set of drawings, Nos. 129, 130, and
131 (cf. Hist. Coll. Brit. Mi/s. ii. p. 132).
Page 94 Genus ccxcvii.

Grantiella nom. nov. replaces Entomophila Gould preoccupied by Horsfield,
Zool. lies. Java 1824.

Page 90 : Species 786. Plilotis noraehollaiuli'ir Latham, Tiidc.r Orn. ii. p. 478
(1790)
replaces P. ornata Gould.

Through misreading the description, Gadow {('at. Birds i.K. p. 242) referred

norachollandiac to aiiricomis Latham.

Page 98 : Species 801. Meliornis iti<jra Bechstein, Kurze Uebers. p. 196. pi. 37
(1811)
replaces ^^. sericea Gould.
,, 100: Species 821. Motacillu Jtaca similliina Hartert, Vij(/. Paliiarkt. Paiina,
iii. p. 289 (1905)
replaces JA buniardi North, Pivc. Liiiii. Soc. Xcw South Wales x.\.\.
p. 579(1900).

(20)

Page 102 : Genus CCCXX. Stizoptera Oberholser, Pror. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pkilad.
p. 215 (1899)
replaces Stictopfera Reichenbach, preoccupied by (iueiu'o, Hist. 2\at.
Insect. Lcpid. vii. p. 51 (1852).
„ 105: Genus CCCXXXI. Calornis is preoccupied, as Mr. Oberholser has
pointed out {Froc'Acad.Nat. Sri. Phihil. p.215, ls99), and he has
proposed to use as substitute Lamprocorax Bonai)arte. In this
lie lias been followed in the Ilnndlist Birds Brit. Miis. v. p. 529,
but I cannot see that there are characteri* to generically separate
this group from Aplonis Gould, and I propose to use that
generic name for species 856.
„ 107 : Species 874. Corvus marianae nom. nov.

rephices C. australis Gould (not C. uiisfralis Gmelin, Sij-^t. Nat.
p. 377, 1788, nor Bechstein, Latham's Voyel, iv. p. 725, 1793).

There are no characters of generic value to separate the species of Corona
Kaup from species of Cordis Linne, and consequently the three Australian species
are all referable to the latter genus.

The following note regarding the nomenclature of the Whcatears and Chats
seems to be of sufficient importance to be recorded.

Saxicola Bechstein, Ornith. Taschenb. i. p. 216 (1802)— type (by subs, desig.
Swainson, 1827),

S. rubicola = Motacilla ruhicola Linn6

must be used for the Chats ; and

Oemnthe Vieillot, Analyse p. 43 (1816)— type (by tautonymy),
Oe. oenanthe = Motacilla oenantke Linn6
for the Wheatears.

In the Ornitli. Taschenb. i. p. 216 (1802) Bechstein introduced Sa.r/cola, and
included therein Motacilla oenanthe L., .1/. rubicola Linne, and .1/. rubetra Linne.
No type was designated, but his figured species was Saxicola rubicola.

Vieillot {Anali/se, p. 43, 1816) proposed Oenanthe, and mentioned as species
Motteux Bnff. (= ifotacilla oenanthe Linne) and Tardus leucurus Latham.
These two are congeneric, and the type by tautonymy is M. oenanthe Linne. In
the Stjst. baier. Zool. p. xxxr, 1810, Koch included in Saxicola several spe(,ues —
viz. Tardus saxatilis Gm., Mot. tithi/s Linne, Mot. phoenicurus Linne, Mot. suecica
Linnd, and Mot. oenanthe Linne, and then provided for Mot. rubetra Linn6 and
Mot. rubicola Linn5 the new genus Pratincola.

Strictly speaking, Koch's action cannot be construed as simple subdivision of
Bechsteiu's genas, and Vieillot's action in naming generically the Wheatears alone
would leave the Chats to bear Bechsteiu's generic name of Saxicola. Thus actually
by elimination we arrive at the results I have given above.

Forster {Sijn. Cat, Brit. Birds, \). 15, lsl7) also gave a generic name to the
Wheatears, taking up Vitijiora, and including the Chats in Curruca with the Robins
and others. At p. 54, however, he placed the Chats {rubicola and rubetra) alone in
Saxicola and preferred Oenanthe for the Wheatear, while the same year Stej)hens
(in Shaw's den. Zool. vol. .\. pi. ii. p. 504) also accepted Vitl/tora without including
the Chats,

(21 )

In the TsLi, p. 652, 1822, Boie used Saxicola Bechst. for the two Liiineatl
Chats and Vitijiora for the "Wheatears.

lu the List Genera Birds, p. 22, 1840, Gray used VitiJ/ora with type
1'. oenantke L. for the Wheatears, aud Riibetra with type 7?. rubetra L. for the
Chats. In the 2ad Edition, p. 30 (1841), Gray used Saxicola Bechst., and
designated as type S. oenaMhe L. for the Wheatears, accepting Fruticicola
Macgillivray, with type F. rubetra L. for the Chats. At p. xi he pointed out
that Fruticicola must give way to Pratiiicola Koch.

It is this action which has apparently governed all later systematists, and I
find that the type of Saxicola Bechst. is accepted in the Amer. 0. Union Checklist,
3rd Ed. p. 36.5 (1910) as M. oemnthe L. by snbsq. desig. Gray, 1841.

But even accepting the type by subse(piciit designation method, in preference to
the more accurate one of elimination, the results I have given must be recognised ;
for Swainson, in the Zool. Jourii. iii. p. 172 (1827), absolutely named as type of
Saxicola Bechst. the species Mot. ruhecola Linne, and nothing whatever can be
urged against this action, save that Fratincola Koch had been jiroposed for the
two species of Chats, and I would have allowed this claim in order to preserve
the general acceptation of the names were it not that Fratincola is inacceptable
on account of its prior use by Schrank {Fauna Boica i. p. 209, 1798).

Amandava Blyth, White's Nat. Hist. Selborne, p. 44, note (1836)

replaces Sporaeginflnis Cabauis, Mas. Hein. i. p. 170, 1850.

Blyth writes : " Amandam punctata mihi Fringilla amandava Linn6."
Sporaeginthus included two species, subjlaca Vieill. and amandam Linne, and
though Gray in the Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 70, 1855, designated the former as
type, in the Cat. Birds B. M. vol. xiii. p. 319, 1890, amandam is given as type.

Vaginalis versus Chionis.

In Nov. Zool. xvii. p. 503, 1910, I pointed out that two new genera were
proposed by Forster in the Enchiridion, 1788, and in the Xlllth Ed. Sgstema
Naturae Gmelin also named the same two genera.

Arguing that the two works were of even date, I concluded that both of
Gmelia's names should be preferred on account of his citation of species, inasmuch
as Forster's genera stood upon diagnoses only. Previous to my note one of Forster's
had been used and one rejected, but I had been unable to find any reason for such
action.

My action in preferring Gmelin's names has now been questioned on the score
of priority, the second part of Gmelin's Sgstema Naturae not having been published
until 1789. I therefore endeavoured to settle the matter from tliat stand{)oint.

Hopkinson {Froc. Zool. Soc. Lond. ji. 1035, 1907) has worked out the dates of
Gmelin us far as he could trace. His results are :

Part I. Earliest notice traced 25. vii. 88.
„ II. „ „ „ 20. iv. 89.

„ III. „ „ „ 20. xi. 89.

As in the Index Animalium Sherborn had dated both Parts I. and II. 1788, I
referred to him for data. AVith his usual unfailing courtesy he referred me to the
Gotting. Anzeig., and there I found the notice of Part II. in the Ajjril 20, 1789,
number, p. 041, and I also found, what to me was more important, a notice of
Forster's Enchiridion in the number for March 27, 1788, p. 489.

(22)

Thns, as the earliest date of Gmeliu's Tart I. yet traced, us aliove, is July "Jo,
1788, both Forster's names must be accepted on the grounds of absolute priority.
Consequeutly —

Chionis Forster, Enchiridion p. 37, 1788 (before March 27)

must be resumed instead of Vaginalis Gmclin, 1780 (before Ainil 20),
but—

Callai'u.H Forster, Kncliiriilion p. 35, 1788 (earliest notiec Jlarcli 27)

will rei>lace illaucojiix Gmeliu, .S//.v/. .\(xt. Xlllth Ed. Part 1. [i. 303,
1788 (earliest notice July 2.")).

I would like to jjoiiit out that Maci-orlniiiplias Forster (»Siy/i. Cat. Brit. IMrda
p. 22, r^l7) ajipears to be invalidated by the prior use of the same name bj'
G. Fischer in the Zoognoisia i. p. 91 (1813).

Limnodromux Neuwied (1833) seems to be the next name to use.

Gallirallas Lafresnaye, Rcc. Zool. iv. p. 243 (1841), must be used for the
Woodhens of Xcw Zealand, the well-known Oci/dronas liaving been used by
Schelleuberg {Ilelcet. Eiitomol. vol. ii. p. 1(3, 18U(5) twenty-four years i)rior to
A\'agler"s use. (I liave been asked to include this note by Mr. Tom Iredale.)

Micropsitta Lesson, Traiti; d''Orii. p. 640 (1831)

replaces Xaaiterna Wagler, AbliawH. Ak. Wisscnscli. MiciiclteH i.
p. 498 (1832).
Aratinga Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 29 (1824)

replaces (\>ii>ir'i$ Knhl, Mon. Psitt. p. 4, 1820 (not proposed
generically).

The reasons for these changes 1 have given when dealing with Solcnoglossus
liauzani.

( 23 )
TWO NEW AUSTRALIAN BIRDS.

Ky (JREGORY M. MATHEWS.

1. Gerygone albigularis rogersi sulisp. nov.

Differs from G. a. alhiijularis Gould in being paler above and mucb smaller
ill size. The average measurement of the wing of G. a. alh'ujidaris is OU mm ,
that of G. a. roger^i being 5o ram.

Ilab. Derb}-, North-West Australia.

Type : No. 63.jU in my own collection.

Collected by and called iu honour of Mr. J. P. Rogers, my collector for
many years.

The following is a description of the nest and eggs of the above bird ; the
clutch also contained an egg of CI(alcococci/x miKitfilliis Gould.

The nest was situated iu a j)aper-bark tree, about 4 feet from the ground,
and was suspended from a pendent twig. It was composed of fine strips of
paper-bark, cow-hair, and pieces of native silk, and the edges of the nest were
woven into the branch from which it hung. It was first lined with a layer of
rootlets and stiff grass, and then a layer of cow-hair and rootlets, and then some
silk-like native cotton. The entrance was in the side, and had a hood over the
hole. A ' tail-piece ' about 5 inches long hnng from the bottom of the nest.
Dimensions: outside, 2J inches x ','J and .51 inches deep; inside, 11 inches x IJ
and 21 inches deep. Taken December 0, lUlO, at Derby, North- West Australia.
The eggs are clutch three : ground-colour, white with a zone of red, irregular
shaped spots round the larger end ; and these spots also sparingly distributed
over the rest of the surface. Dimensions : 1 60 x 11 mm. The clutch also
contained an egg of Chalcococajx miiuitillii^, which is of a lighter colour than
the egg of C. jAayosus. The measurements are 19 x 12 mm.

This bird is not the same as Gerifjone ciiierascens Sharpe (I have examined
the type), which does not occur in Australia, but was so called by Dr. Hartert
{Xoc. Zool. xii. p. 221), and by myseU (£mii, ix. p. .5i), 1909).

2. Alisterus cyanopygius minor subsp. nov.

Differs from A. c. cyanopygius Vieillot iu its much smaller size. Measurements
of the wing of six males of A. c. cyaaopyyias gives 209 to 216 mm.; that of the
same number of A. c. minor gives 188 to 198 mm.

Hub. Cairns, North Queensland.

Type : No. 332 in my own collection.

I take the opportunity of giving a description of the eggs of Po'cphila
pcrsonnta bdchiiri Mathews :

Clutch four, white, without gloss; 18 — 10 by 13—12 mm.

(24)
NEW SYXTOJIIDAE IN THE TRING MUSEUM.

By tub Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.

1. Pseudosphex klagesi .sp. nov.

(?. Head black; tegnlae orange-yellow; thorax brown; patagia with wide
orano-e-vcllow bands, mctathorax with transverse )-ellow band ; antennae black ;
first three segments of abdomen rnfous, rest black ; coxae and tiliiae of forelegs

white ; ventral valve white tinged with rufons ; legs pale rufous. Forewing

iiyaline on inner half, costal half deep brown, inner area between margin and
vein 1 brown for its basal half; hind wing hyaline.

Length of forewing: 130 mm.

Ilal). Corosita, Caara River, Venezuela, June l'.iU4 (S. M. Klages), 1 S.

'2. Pseudosphex garleppi sp. nov.

c?. Fore coxae white, fore tibiae black, tarsi pale yellow ; hind and middle
coxae black, tibiae and tarsi yellow ; ventral valve white ; head and thorax black,
collar yellow, patagia yellow with black centre, two lateral lines and a transverse
line on thorax yellow ; antennae rufons brown, yellow at apical fourth ; abdomen

black. Forewing hyaline, margins and nervnres brown rnfous, apical portion

clouded with brown from end of cell to termeu between costa and vein o.

Length of forewing : lo mm.

J£ab. Yangas de Coroico, Bolivia, 1800 metres (Garlepp), 1 t?.

3. Pseudosphex exsul sj). nov.

(?. Head, antennae, tliorax, and abdomen deeii black ; legs orange-brown ;

ventral valve faintly ontlined with pale grey. Forewing hyaline, the basal

two-thirds brownish orange, apical third more greyish, basal two-thirds of costa
and inner margin brown ; hindwing greyish hyaline.

Length of forewing : 1~ mm.

Jfab. ? 2 (J c? (probably from pins and setting, Rio de .Janeiro or

Sta. Catherina).

4. Pseudosphex steinbachi sp. nov.

(J. Head golden yellow : antennae rufons ; leg.s orange-rufous ; thorax chestnut
with paler edges to patagia; first two segments of abdomen chestnut, third segment

])ale chestnut with broad transverse black band, rest of abdomen black.

Forewing orange-hyaline, costa and inner margin chestnut, ajiical area beyond cell
clouded with brown ; hindwing hyaline-yellow.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Jfab. Venezuela: La Vuelta, Canra River, May 1903, i d S ; Corosita,
Caura River, Jnne 19u4, 4 c?c? (S. M. Klages). Sta. Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia,
1905—1906 (Jose Steinbach), 1 6. Type S, La Vuelta.

5. Sphecosoma trinitatis sp. nov.
<S. Legs gamboge-yellow; pali)i pale Icmon-ycIIow ; antennae bright rufous;
head and thorax yellow, a transverse line on vertex and two narrow transverse lines
on tegnlae black ; a longitudinal line on the jiatagia and two on thorax black ;

( 25 )

first two segments of abdomen dull brownish yellow, a band of rufons brown on
second segment, rest of segments black, each with a narrow band of dull brownish

3-ellow on front edge, Wings hyaline, costal and inner margins of forewing

brownish yellow.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Caparo, Trinidad, December 1905 (S. M. Klages), 4 cJc?.

6. Sphecosoma aurantiipes sp. nov.

(?. Legs orange; whole nnderside gamboge-yellow; palpi and frons yellow;
vertex black ; tegnlae, basal half golden yellow, apical half black ; patagia yellow,
edged externally with black ; thorax black, mesothorax edged with yellow, meta-
thorax yellow ; first segment of abdomen horn-brown, rest black edged with

bright yellow. AVings hyaline, basal three-fourths of costa and inner margin

orange.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Corosita, Canra River, Vencznela, June 1904, 1 <? ; San Estebau, Vene-
zuela, June 1009 (S. M. Klages), 5 c?c? ; Sapncay, Paraguay, June 1902 (\V.
Foster), 1 ? ; Encorado, Department of Sta. Uruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (J. Steinbach),
1 S. Type c?, San Estebau.

The Paraguayan ? and Bolivian 6 are much smaller than the other six
specimens; length of forewing, 10 mm.

7. Sphecosoma rufipes sp. nov.

(?. At first sight resembles a discoloured specimen of S. anjiutatum Moeschl.,
but is quite distinct. Legs orange-rufous ; palpi white ; head black, a transverse
yellow line behind base of antennae ; antennae, basal two-thirds black-brown,
apical third orange-red ; tegnlae orange with transverse black line ; thorax orange
with black lines ; first segment of abdomen rufous brown, rest black-brown with

orange-bufF edges. Wings broad and ronnded hyaline, with orange-brown

margins.

Length of forewing, 10 mm. ; breadth of forewing, 8 mm.

Hub. La Vuelfa, Caura liiver, Venezuela, May 1904 (S. M. Klages), 1 S.

8. Sphecosoma mathani sp. nov.

c?. Legs orange, fore coxae lemon-yellow: antennae rufous brown; head and
palpi yellow ; tegulae orange with narrow black edges ; patagia yellow edged with
black ; thorax yellow with black central band ; abdomen orange with segmental

slate-bine rings. Wings hyaline, costa of forewing and base of inner margin

dark yellow, outer margin narrowly black, expanding considerably at termen from
vein 6 to costa above vein 8.

Length of forewing ; 14 mm.

Ilab. Tefi'e, Amazon, September 1907 (M. de Mathan), 26 SS.

0. Isanthrene schausi sji. nov.

? . Legs, head, and palpi orange ; antennae black ; thorax and abdomen deep

rufous orange. Forewing hyaline, base of wing, costa, and basal half of inner

margin orangi', apical half nl' inner margin black, fringe of outer margin black,

( 2f. )

wider between tornns aud vein 2, termen betweeu vein o and costa very broadly
bliU'k ; bindwiiig hyaline, terracn black.

liCngtli (if t'orewinir : 14-.j mm.

ll'il). lluatnxco, Vera Crnz, Jloxico, 1 ?.

111. Isanthrene cajetani sp. nov.

■ S. I-i<'gs brown-bliick, fore C(i.\ae white; jialiii black; head golden yellow;
antennae, basal three-fifths above scarlet, apical two-fifths oranije-yellow ; tegnlae
aud i)atagia golden yellow edged with black ; thorax golden yellow with black
bands ; abdomen golden yellow, except apical segment, with a black ring on each

segment, apical segment black with two subdorsal yellow spots. Wings deep

iiyaline-yellow, costa basal four-fifths golden orange, inner margin black with
orauge-yellow streaks, outer margin black, expanding enormously at termen between
veins 4 and 9.

Length of forewiug : ^"^ mm.

J lab. Central America (Felder coll.), o c?c?.

11. Isanthrene drucei ■>v- nov.

S- Legs (lark cinnamon-rufous, middle and hind tarsi iiUu-k-brown, fore coxae
white ; palpi yellow ; head yellowish wliite ; antennae brownish crimson-rnfuus :
tegulae, jiatagia, and thorax dull buff-yellow edged and streaked with black ;
abdomen deep steel-blue-black, first segment with two white longitudinal dorsal
patches with yellow centres, a pair of dorso-latcral transverse dull buffy yellow

l>atches on segments 2, 3, and 4. AViugs hyaline-yellow washed irregularly with

brown between the nervures, margins except costa of forewing black, the termen of
forewiug with broad black patch betweeu veins 4 and 9 ; base of hiudwiug yellow.

Length of forewing : 2it mm.

llab. Colombia, 1 cJ.

12. Isanthrene tryhanei sp. nov.

?. Legs, co.xae black, femora half black half crimson, fore and middle tibiae
crimson, hind tibiae black ti[iped with crimson, tarsi black ; palpi black ; Irons
black with central yellow sjwt ; vertex black ; antennae crimson orange-rufous ;
thorax velvety black ; abdomen except last three segments velvety black with
a median steel-blue spot on each segment, two subdorsal yellow spots on first
segment, and two lateral yellow streaks on second segment, last three segments

of abdomen ste(d-blue. Wings deeii hyaline-yellow, basal two-thirds of costa

of forewing orange-yellow, inner margin black, the basal half widest, reaching vein 1,
outer margin black, e.xiianding widely at termen between veins 4 and 'J, abdominal
area of hindwing and margins black.

Length of forewing : 20 mm., x 14 in breadth.

llab. !St. Ann's, Trinidad (V. E. Tryhaue), 1 ?.

K3. Isanthrene columbiana sp. nov.

? . Differs from /. tn/hanci in having entirely black legs, aud much broader
forewings, which are ji.aler hyaline-yellowish ; the costa of forewiiigs is orange-
yellow for four-lifihs of its length, and basal half of inner margin orange-yellow.

Length of forewing : 26 mm. ; breadth 10 mm.

llab. ]5ogota, Colombia, 1 ¥.

( 27 )

14. Autochloris mathani sp. nov.

9. (toxae wlaite ; palpi black; head black, a glittering blue spot oa vertex;
tegnlae glittering blue ; thorax and patagia black ; first segment of abdomen buff,
segments 2 to 7 brilliant metallic blue with black rings on each segment, a median

dorsal black line, last segment black tipped with cinnabar-red. Forewing

hyaline-jellow, apical fourth black, basal half of costa yellow, rest of margins and
uervnres black, a basal orange slrcak between vein 1 and inner margin, a disco-
cellular black stigma; hindwing liyaliue-whitish, margins black.

Length of forewing : 20 mm.

Ilab. Cananche, Cnndinamarca, Colombia, August 1003 (M. de Matliau), 1 ? ;
Colombia,! ?. Type ?, Cananche.

15. Sarosa boenninghauseni sp. nov.

S. Allied to S. acutior Feld. Pectus black; antennae reddish orange; legs
black, tarsi bright orange, a blue metallic patch at base of tibiae ; palpi orange ;
head black, collar dull orange ; thorax black with a few orange hairs ; abdomen
black with steel-blue lateral spots on each segment, a transverse yellow bar

on first segment and a narrow yellow ring on segments 2 and 3. Forewin"'

hyaline-brownish yellow, costa, discocellular bar, and basal half of inner margin
deep orange, a subbasal spot above vein 1, the torual half of the inner margin,
and the outer margin sooty grey-brown ; hindwing hyaline-yellow, margins and
large patch at toruus sooty grej'-brown.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Hub. Province of llio de Janeiro ?

Hi. Sarosa klagesi sp. nov.

¥ . Pectus and coxae black ; tibiae metallic blue with a black central ring,
tarsi bright orange ; palpi black, frons black edged with yellow, vertex metallic
violet-blue, collar yellow ; tcgulae, patagia, and thorax black, a yellow spot at
base of tegnlae and patagia ; abdomen black with dorsal and lateral sjiots of

metallic viulct-blue. Forewing hyaline-yellow, margins, termen, and nervures

black, a metallic blue spot at base of wing; hindwing hyaline-yellow, margins
and patch at tornus black.

Hub. San Esteban, Venezuela, June 1009 (S. M. Klages), 1 ?.

17. Gymnelia chimaera sp. nov.

S . This extraordinary insect belongs to the cocho section of Gi/miiclia. Legs
black-brown ; frons greyish ; palpi and vertex black ; collar metallic blue ; tegnlae
metallic blue edged with black ; thorax black, a brilliant metallic blue-green
patch on metathorax ; abdomen black, a pair of brilliant metallic green subdorsal
patches on first three segments, and two rows of subdorsal and lateral blue points

on rest of segments. Forewing black, brownish on outer area, a patch of metallic

blue scales occupying intrauervular spaces from vein 2 to 0 and a streak of such
scales in cell, a hyaline spot in base of cell and another below base ; hindwing
reduced to a tuft of l)lack hair about 2 mm. long.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

llab. La Union, Kio Huacamayo, Carabava, 2o0ii ft., wet season, November
I'JU-i (.a. IS. OckendeuJ, 1 6.

(28 )

18. Gymnelia boettgeri sp. nov.

?. Pectus orange; legs blackish olive; antennae black; Lead, thorax, and

abdomen ^^reenish olive. Wings pale hyaline-yellow, nervnres and margins

black, forewing costa basal two-fifths liyaline, base of forewing and inner area
of hindwing with tornus broadly olive, the inner area of hindwing clothed with
thick and long hairs.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Hah. Huancabamba, Cerro de Pasco, Pern, 0000—10,000 ft. (E. Boettger), 1 ?.

19. Gymnelia baroni sp. nov.

$. Coxae orange-bnff, femora black tii)ped with metallic bine, tibiae orange,
with metallic bine bases, tarsi basal half orange, apical half Mack; antennae black;
frons black with crescentic orange spot ; vertex and tegnlae metallic blue edged
with black; patagia orange, external half black; thorax black; basal segment
of abdomen bull' with large black patch, rest of abdomen metallic steel-blue
edged with black and with broad deep orange segmental rings and a median

dorsal row of orange spots joined to the rings. Forewing hyaline-yellow, basal

two-fifths of costa yellow, rest black, inner margin broadly sooty brown-black,
onter margin black, expanding at termen ; hindwing paler hyaline-yellow, tornus
and onter margin black, inner area hyaline.

Length of forewing : 24 mm.

llab. Zamora, Ecuador, 3000— 4000 ft. (U. T. Baron), 1 S ; Huancabamba,
Cerro de Pasco, Peru (E. Boettger), 1 S.

20. Gymnelia doncasteri sp. nov.

?. Coxae of forelegs orange, tibiae and tarsi black and orange; palpi orange,
third joint black ; antennae black ; head orange with black patches at base of
antennae, tegnlae basal half black, onter half deep orange ; patagia and thorax
deep orange streaked with black ; abdomen deep orange broadly ringed with

black and paired subdorsal metallic blue spots on last three segments. Forewing

hyaline-white, nervnres and fringes black, termen black, basal half of costa
hyaline-yellow, basal half of inner margin broadly black with a yellow basal
streak ; hindwing hyaline-white, fringes black, inner area forming broad lapjiet
reaching two-thirds of the way to tornus black, clothed with long hair.

Length of forewing : IT mm.

llab. Caracas, Venezuela, 1 ?.

21. Phoenicoprocta baeri sp. nov.

(?. Fore coxae white with red dots at base; palfii Mack; aiiteniiae Mack,
tijis white ; head and tegnlae metallic blue ; thorax and abdomen black with
median metallic blue line, a dirty buff band on penultimate segment and anal

tuft basally black, anteriorly dark crimson. Forewing black, basal two-thirds

of cell and a large patch below it hyaline-white, the latter extending from base
along space between vein 1 and median nervure halfway to outer margin; hindwing
hyaline-white, costa broadly and outer third of wing black.

Lengtli of forewiuK : 13 mm.

llab. Fa/.cnda Espcranea, Kio Uruhu, Goyas, Brazil, TOO metres, December
IDOo (G. A. Baer), 1 i.

(29)

22. Phoenicoprocta steinbachi sp. nov.

(?. Fore coxae white ; legs black, liiud tarsi white ; palpi black ; antennae
black, tips white ; head and tegnlae metallic green-bine ; patagia and thorax
black streaked with metallic green-bliie ; abdomen dull black, a median line

of pale grey dots, anal tuft crimson. Wings hyaline-wliite, all borders black

and very wide, a large discocellular black stigma joined to costa and onter margin,
widely expanded at termen in forewings.

Length of forewing : 16 mm.

Ilah. Bnenavista, East Bolivia, TOO metres, April 1907 (Jose Steinbach),

2 $$.

23. Pheia costalis sp. nov.

$. Underside of body bright orange ; fore and middle legs orange with black
marks on inside, hindlegs orange with a black band on tibia and tarsi ; frons
silvery white ; palpi black ; antennae black ; thorax orange with black spots ;
abdomen except two last segments orange with median row of black spots, a
grey dot in the centre of the one on second segment, last two segments black

with grey-bine patches. ^Wings hyaline-white, forewing with base of wing

and basal four-fifths of costa brilliant orange, subbasal third of inner margin
black, rest bright orange, tornus black, outer margin black, expanding widely
at termen ; hindwing, outer margin black, costa orange, inner area black with
fringe of orange hairs.

Length of forewing : 13 mm.

Ilah. Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, 1000 metres, December 1899 (Garlepp), 1 $.

24. Loxophlebia klagesi sp. nov.

S. Fore coxae white, fore femora and tibiae black, fore tarsi white, hind and
middle legs black, white on inner side ; palpi black ; frons white ; antennae black
with white tips ; vertex black ; tegulae black with basal white lines ; patagia,
basal half crimson, rest brown-black ; thorax brown-black ; abdomen black,
basal segment white, second segment with two bufiSsh white subdorsal patches ;
ventral valve white, enormous, covering underside of abdomen to penultimate

segment. Wings hjaline-white, margins black, forewings with margins

exj)anded widely at termen and a discocellular black bar.

Ilah. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, February 1905,4 SS\
Albina, Surinam, January 1905, 2 Si\ Maripa, Caura River, Venezuela, 2 iS\
Caporo, Trinidad, January 1900, 1 S (S. M. Klages). Type c?, Aroewarwa Creek.

One $ from the Caura has jiaired subdorsal scarlet i)atches on third and fourth
abdominal segments, and the Trinidad $ has a scarlet lateral dot on each side
of the fourth segment, while one Aroewarwa i has the abdomen entirely black.

25. Loxophlebia rufescens sp. nov.

(?. Fore coxae white ; legs black ; a white spot below base of forewings ;
frons white ; antennae black, apical third white ; vertex black ; thorax liright
cinnabar-orange ; basal segment of abdomen black with two vertical subdorsal
buffy white bands, rest of abdomen bright cinnabar-orange ; ventral surface of

abdomen black ; ventral valve white, enormous. Wings hyaline-white, margins

black, base of forewing orange, termen broadly black, a black discocellular bar.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Hah. Maripa, Caura River, Venezuela (S. M. Klages), 1 S.

( 30)

2ti. Loxophlebia cosmosomoides sp. nov.

?. Fore coxae bnfF; legs yellow, outside of tibiae lilaik ; paljii yellow ; head
and antennae blark ; slionlders yellow; thorax black, metatliorax oranijje; abdomen

rufous oranjre, sixth and seventh segments black. AVings hyaline-white ; costa

of forewing black, basal fifth hyaline, discoeellnlar bar black, veins 3, 4, 5, and 6
orange, rest black, inner margin basal half narrow black, apical half and tornus
widely black, including outer halves of veins 1 and 3, outer margin and ai)ical
two-fifths of wing black : hindwiiig, nervures, inner area, and costa orange, outer
margin and ai>ical two-fifths black.

Length of forewing : 1» mm.

I/iil>. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, f^urinam, .July 1905 (S. M. Klages),

1 <?.

27. Loxophlebia semiflava sp. nov.

cJ. Legs brown-black, fure coxae and innerside of hind tibiae white ; frons
white ; jialpi black ; antennae black, apical fifth white ; vertex an<l tegulae lilack ;
thorax black, orange patches at base of patagia; abdomen orange-yellow, a narrow

black band on basal segment. Wings hyaline-white, forewing with margins,

nervures, and discoeellnlar bar black, expanding at termen ; hindwing with margins
and nervures black. Ventral valve large and brown.

Ifii//. Corosita, C'aura River, Jnne 19ii4, and Marijia, ('aura River, Venezucda
(S. M. Klages), 2 ^S. Type c?, Corosita.

28. Chrostosoma viridipunctatum sp. nov.

?. Differs from ? of /enestrina Bull, in the wings being entirely hyaline
and the discoeellnlar bar forming a wide black-brown band across the forewing,
joining both costal and inner margins ; a bright metallic green jjatch on meta-
thorax and lateral rows of similar patches on abdomen.

Length of forewing : 1.5 mm.

//a//. Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, November 1890, Mod metres (Garlep])),
1 ?.

29. Chrostosoma schausi sp. nov.

?. Legs black-brown, metallic green patches on tibiae, hind tarsi whitish;
antennae black; shoulders below tegulae crimson; head and thorax metallic
green ; abdomen metallic green with narrow black rings and median dorsal

line, bivsal segment crimson. Wings hyaline-white ; forewing, basal two-fifths

of costa hyaline, rest black, tornus, outer and inner margins, a broad discal
transverse band, and terminal fifth of wing black ; hindwing, tornus and outer
fourth of wing black.

7/«i. Chirirpii, Panama, I ?; Paramba, West Ecuador, 1 ?. Type ?,
< 'liirii|ui.

30. Leucotomis felderi sp. iu)v.

?. Legs wood-brown; head black; antennae black, apical two-fifths white;
thorax black, tegulae and patagia orange ; abdomen orange, median dorsal line

and last two segments black. Wings hyaline-yellowish, basal third of both

wings orange ; forewing, outer half of inner margin, large discoeellnlar patch,
outer two-thirds of costa, and outer margin black, the latter strongly expanded
at tornus and termen ; hindwing, outer third, outer margin, and tornus lilack.

I

( SI )

(J. Similar.

Length of forewing : 11 lura.

link Amazon River (Fekler coll.), 3 JJ, 3 ? ?. Typo ?.

31. Cosmosoma brinkleyi sp. nov.

9 . Fore and middle coxae scarlet, tibiae and tarsi black-brown, liindlegs
scarlet ; palpi black ; antennae black, tips white ; frons metallic blue, vertex black
with central bine spot ; tegnlae and spot below them metallic blue ; thorax metallic
bine, patagia scarlet edged outwardly with lilack ; abdomen scarlet, last two
segments black, a median dorsal and lateral lines of triangular metallic blue

patches edged with black. Forewing hyaline-white, base scarlet, nervures,

discocellular bar, margins, and terminal fourth of wing black ; liindwing hyaline-
white, termcn, margins, and nervures black.

Length of lorewing : 22-o mm.

Ildh. Coreato, Oaura Valley, folombia (Paine & liriukley), 1 ?.

32. Cosmosoma garleppi sp. nov.

¥. Pectus and fore coxae dark yellow, fore tibiae and tarsi and middle and
hind legs black-brown ; antennae black, tips white ; head and tegnlae black spotted
with metallic blue ; thorax dark yellow, patagia edged outwardly with black ;
abdomen black, lateral large yellow patches on first five segments and metallic
blue patches on the rest. Forewing hyaline-white, nervures, margins, disco-
cellular patch, and apical fourth of wing black : liindwing hyaline-white, margins,
nervures, and apical fourth of wing black.

Length of forewing : 2.j ram.

Ilab. Yuiigas de Coroico, Bolivia, 18iM) metres, March 1007 (Otto Garlepp),

1 ?.

33. Cosmosoma oroyanum sp. nov.

c?. Fore coxae brick-red, fore tibiae and tarsi and middle and hind legs black-
brown ; antennae black, tips white ; head, tegnlae, and outer edge of patagia
black with metallic blue spots ; thorax and rest of patagia brick-red ; abdomen
black with a median dorsal row of metallic blue spots, a lateral brick-red band
on each side of first four segments and lateral metallic bine spots on apical fourth ;
anal valve black-brown with two large white lateral patches. Wings hyaline-
white, nervures and margins black, the latter exjianding at termen.

Length of forewing : 19 mm.

Hub. La Oroya, liio Inambari, Peru, 3100 ft., dry season, September 1904
(G. R. Ockenden), 2 H.

34. Cosmosoma mathani sp. nov.

?. Legs black-brown, fore coxae crimson; palpi and frons black, vertex
metallic blue ; antennae black, a broad white band before tip ; thorax brilliant
dark crimson ; abdomen black, subdorsal crimson patches on basal segment, last

segment and subdorsal patches on rest metallic green. Forewing hyaline-white,

large discocellular patch, terminal two-fifths of wing, margins, and nervures black ;
liindwing hyaline-white, termen, outer margin, and nervures black.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Ilab. La Palma, Cundinamarca, Colombia, August 1902 (M. de Mathan),
1 ?.

(32)

3."i. Cosmosoma bricenoi sji. nov.

?. Legs black, 'fore coxae orange; palpi and antennae black; frons orange
with central black spot; collar deep orange; tegnlae and patagia deep orange
with black bands ; thorax black with central dark orange band ; abdomen black,
a central band of bine metallic s]iots and lateral blue spots on last three segments,

lateral vertical dark orange longitudinal patches on tirst four segments. Wings

hyaline-white, forewing, termen, nervures, inner margin, and fringe of outer
margin black, a patch above basal third of inner margin and basal two-thinls
of costal region yellow ; hindwing, inner area and fringe of margins black.

Length of forewing : 18 mm.

Ilab. Merida, Venezuela, November 1808 (Briccno), 1 ?.

30. Cosmosoma carabayanum sp. nov.

?. Legs golden yellow, inside of tibiae black; palpi golden yellow, tiji of
third joint black ; head and tegnlae golden yellow edged with black ; j)atagia
golden yellow edged with black ; thorax black with central yellow line ; antennae
black ; abdomen black, first four segments banded with bright yellow, fifth segment
banded only at sides, dorsal metallic green-blue patches on fourth and fiftii

segments, broad metallic green-blue bauds on last three segments. Forewing

hyaline-white, termen, outer margin, and nervures black, basal half of inner
margin and costa yellow ; hindwing hyaline-white, fringes and nervures black,
inner area forming large hairy lobe, basal half yellow, rest black.

Length of forewing: IT mm.

Ilab. Santo Domingo, C'arabaya, S.E. Peru, 6000 ft, dry season, Jnne and
July 1902, 2 ? ?, and Tinguri, C'arabaya, Peru, 3400 ft., dry season, August 1004,
1 ? (G. R. Ockenden). Type ? , Santo Domingo, June.

37. Cosmosoma viridicingulatum sp. nov.

?. Legs brown, tarsi whitish, fore coxae metallic blue-green ; antennae black ;
head black spotted with orange and metallic green, tegnlae and patagia black
banded with orange and spotted with metallic green ; thorax black marked with
metallic green ; abdomen above dark rufous orange banded with broad metallic

green bands edged with black. Wings hyaliue-j-ellow ; forewing, nervures,

margins, terminal half of costa and termen black-brown, a metallic green spot at
base ; hindwing with inner area, fringes, and nervures black.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. Ecuador, 1 ? .

38. Cosmosoma baroni sp. nov.

(?. Legs brown, fore femora metallic blue outside, hind and middle tarsi
banded buff; antennae black-brown ; head and thorax deep black spotted with
small metallic deep blue spots ; abdomen black with subdorsal metallic blue
spots, terminal segment deep orange, a yellow narrow ring on segments 3 and 4.

Wings hyaline-yellow ; forewing, inner margin, termen, fringe of outer margin,

and nervures black, a metallic blue basal sjiot ; hindwing, nervures, fringes, and
tornus black, inner area semihyaline-white.

Length of forewing: 18 mm.

Hub. Zamora, Ecuador, 3000—4000 ft. (0. T. Baron), 1 S.

( 33 )

30. Cosmosonia flavicostale sp. nov.

<?. Lesjs black, tarsi jialo sulpliui', fore coxae lianded with white; head black
a white dot at base of antennae; antennae deep brown, rufous tips ; tegulae black
with metallic blue centres ; patagia dnll )'e]]ow with black enter margins ; thorax
black with central yellow line ; abdomen black glossed with steel-bine, first two
segments with narrow pale sulphur rings, the third, fourth, and fifth segments
with orange rings. Wings hyaline-yellow ; forewing, costal and basal three-
fourths of inner margin deep orange, nervures and outer margin black expanding
to termen ; hindwing, hyaline-whitish, costa orange, nervures and margins black.

?. Similar.

Ilab. Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 310U ft., dry season, June 1904, 1 S ; Santo
Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6500 ft., January 1903, 1 c? ; La Oroya, Rio
Inambari, Pern, wet season, October 1004, 2 ? ¥ (G. R. Ockenden). Type c?, Rio

Huacamayo.

40. Cosmosoma steinbachi sp. nov.

(J. Legs black, inner side dirty ochraceous, tarsi yellow ; palpi brownish ; frons
yellow ; antennae brown ; vertex black with metallic blue dots ; tegulae yellow
with black central spots ; i)atagia and thorax black streaked with yellow ; abdomen
above black with subdorsal rows of metallic green-blue spots, first segment and

interspaces between rest of segments yellow. Wings hyaline-yellow ; forewing

with fringes, termen, and nervures black, basal half of inner margin dark yellow ;
hindwing, fringes, tornus, and nervures black.

?. Similar.

Length of forewing : 16 mm.

Ilab. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 750 metres, August 1900— April 1907 (Jos
Steinbach). Type <?.

41. Cosmosoma simillimum sp. nov.

(?. Allied to turapotensis Druce. Legs orange, fore coxae pale sulphur ; palpi
orange, antennae brown, head yellow ; tegulae yellow with central black spots ;
patagia and thorax black with broad yellow bands ; abdomen above black with

broad sulphur bands and subdorsal lines of metallic blue spots. Wings hyaline

pale yellow ; forewing with termen, nervures, and margins black, base of wing
yellow with black central spot, a band of dark yellow on basal half of inner margin ;
hindwing with nervures, margin, and tornus black.

Length of forewing : 19 mm.

Hab. Amazon River, 2 S <S .

42. Cosmosoma metallicum sp. nov.

?. Legs black, coxae, femora, and i>roximal half of tibiae metallic green-
blue ; head and thorax metallic green-blue edged with black ; abdomen black with
subdorsal and ventro-lateral rows of metallic green-blue spots, interspaces between

first four segments orange. Wings hyaline-yellow ; forewing, basal three-fifths of

costa hyaline-orange, rest of costa, inner margin, narrow discocellnlar bar, nervures,
and terminal fifth of wing black ; hindwing, nervures, margins, and toniHS black.

A c? from the Felder collection labelled " Amazon River" is, I believe, the S
of this species, but it is in very bad condition.

Length of forewing : 21 mm.

Ilab. Bogota, 1 ? ; Amazon River, 1 S ? (Felder coll.). Type ? , Bogotsl.

3

( 34 )

4:^. Cosmosoma ichneumonoides sp. nov.

<?. Legs, antennae, head, and thorax rafous orange ; abdomen black, basal

segment and broad bands on segments 2, 3, and 4 rnfous orange. Wings

hyaliue-yellow with orange nervures ; costa, base of forewing, basal two-thirds of
inner margin, and discocellular bar cinnabar-red.

Length of forewing : I'J mm.

Ilab. .Santa Ornz do la Sierra, East Bolivia, 1005-0 (Jos6 Steinbach), 1 c?.

44. Cosmosoma stuarti sp. nov.

?. Distingnished at once from (.'. cillia Urnce by the black margins to the
wings and the black termen ; also the black bands on the abdomen are mnch wider.
Ilab. Iqnitos (Maxwell Stnart), 1 ?;?!(?. Type ¥, Iiinitos.

4.i. Cosmosoma venatum sp. nov.

?. Legs orange ringed with brown; jialpi black; frons white, vertex and
antennae black ; tcgulae orange ; patagia and thorax orange spotted with black ;

abdomen orange, segmental interspaces and lateral rows of spots black.

Wings h)-aline-yellow ; forewing, apical fifth, toruns, and vein 2 and median
nervure black, rest of veins, costa from end of cell, discocellular bar, inner margin
and onter margin between veins 2 and 3 bright orange ; hindwing, veins, fringes,
and termen black, costa orange.

Length of forewing : l.j mm.

Hub. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, 0500 ft., January 1903 (G. R. Ockenden),
1 ?.

46. Cosmosoma dubium sp. nov.

?. Legs black-brown, hind tibiae aad tarsi yellow, fore coxae metallic blue ;
antennae brown ; head and thorax black spotted with metallic blue, palagia bright
yellow; abdomen bright yellow, last three segments black with subdorsal blue
.spots, a black patch with blue spot ou basal segment and a triangular metallic

blue spot on segments 2, 3, and 4. Wings hyaline-white ; forewing, discocellular

bar and nervures black, termen widely black, costa and inner margin bright
yellow, outer margin yellow edged with black ; hindwing, margins and nervures
black, costa yellow.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Ilab. Jamaica (Folder coll.), 1 ?.

47. Cosmosoma crathidinum sp. nov.

t?. Allied to cratha and cratlddia of Druce. Differs in having the wings
wholly hyaline with broad black margins and a scarlet round jjatch on each
side of abdomen.

Uab. ? 2 Si.

48. Cosmosoma citrinum sp. nov.
? . Legs yellow, tarsi brown ; jialpi, antennae, and head black ; thorax yellow
with two median black spots ; abdomen yellow with median dorsal row of black
spots. Wings hyaline-white, nervures and margins brown, discocellular bar

(35)

of forcwing black, bases of wings jellow, the wide brown termen of forewing
densely powdered witb yellow scales.

Length of forewing : 21 mm.

Ilab. ? (Felder coll.), 1 ? .

49. Cosmosoma rosenbergi sp. nov.

? . Legs orange, tarsi black-brown ; head and thorax black with metallic
bine spots, metathorax orange with central metallic blue spot ; abdomen orange,

last two segments black with subdorsal and lateral metallic blue spots. Wings

hyaliue-wbite ; forewing, outer half of costa, discocelhilar bar, uervures, outer
half of inner margin, outer margin and terminal fifth of wing black, basal half
of wing below \n and basal half of costa orange ; hindwing, basal third, inner
area, and costa orange, termen, margin, and tornus black.

c?. Similar, but less orange on wings, and a median dorsal black streak.

Length of forewing : 20 mm.

Hab. Cachabe, West Ecuador, low country, January 189T (W. H. Rosenberg),
1 ¥ ; Paramba, West Ecuador, 3500 ft., dry season, March 18'J7(W. H. Rosenberg),
1 S. Type ¥, Cachabfi.

50. Cosmosoma parambae sp. nov.

? . Differs from caecum Druce by the brown, not orange-red, costa and inner
margin (the latter with a fulvous yellow streak), by the lemon-yellow bases (not
orange-red) to the hindwings and abdomen, by the browner thorax mixed with
fuscous yellow, and by the outer margin of forewing being much constricted
between veins 3 and 4, and much expanded between tornns and vein 3 ; the
discocelhilar bar much narrower ; whole insect smaller.

Length of forewing : caecum, ? 27 mm. ; S 22 mm.
„ „ „ parambae, ? 20 mm. ; c? 19 mm.

(?. Similar, but streak on inner margin stronger.

Ilab. Paramba, Ecuador, 35o0 ft., dry season, January — May 1897 (W\ F. H.
Rosenberg), 2(?c?, 2 ?? ; Rio Cayapas, North- West Ecuador (Flemming &,
Miketta), 1 ¥. Type ?.

51a. Cosmosoma teuthras nigrescens snbsp. nov.

? . Differs from the other forms of teuthras by the entirely black costa and
discocellular patch.

Ilab. Guadalite, C'ananche, and La Palma, Cundinamarca, July 1903 (M. de
Mathan), 4 ? ¥ . Type ¥ , Guadalite.

51b. Cosmosoma teuthras lignicolor subsp. nov.

<?. Differs from teuthras teuthras in the shorter and wider wings, in the
scarlet-crimson being replaced by yellow, in the black being replaced by dark
wood-brown, in the much wider outer margin and terminal area of forewings,
and in the dark wood-brown areas of hindwing occupying fully two-thirds of
the wing.

¥. Similar.

Ilab. Paramba, J]cuador, 3500 ft, dry season, March — May 1897 (W. F.
H. Rosenberg), 2 <JcJ, S ¥ ¥. Type 6.

( 36 )

f)2. Cosmosoma brasiliense sp. nov.
c?. Legs l)rown, fore coxae white; head black ; antennae ilaik brown; thorax
oranoe; abdomen orange, last two segments black, ventral valve large, white.

Wings hyaline-white, nervnres, discocellalar bar, and margin black-brown, the
latter expanding at the termen.

(?. Similar.

Length of forewing : 2:5 mm,

Hab. Santa t'atherina, Brazil, 2 6S.

o3. Cosmosoma meridense sp. nov.

5 . Legs and antennae black ; head and tegulae orange ; thorax black streaked
faintly with orange ; abdomen deep steel-blue, narrow orange rings on segments

2, 3, and 4. Wings hyaline-yellowish; forewing, basal half of costa yellow,

veins and margins black, expanding at termen; hind wing, nervures and margins
black.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Hab. Mcrida, Venezuela (Briceno), 1 ? .

54. Icharia bricenoi sp. nov.

S. Differs from multigutta Schaus in its larger size, in the red on thorax and
base of wing being reduced to small dots, in red on abdomen being rednced to two
small subdorsal dots on basal segment, in the frontal half of ventral valve being
brown, and in the antennae being non-serrate and much swollen.

Length of forewing: mtdliijutta Via mm., bricenoi 15 mm.

Ilab. Merida, Venezuela (Briceno), 3 c?c?.

55. Psilopleura klagesi sp. nov.

(?. Legs black-brown ringed with white, coxae creamy white ; palpi black ;
frons black, vertex buffy yellow ; antennae brown, apical third white ; thorax
dark sej)ia with buffy yellow central band ; abdomen bright orange, broad median

band and last segment dark sepia. Forewing dark sepia, a white spot in cell

and below it, a white broad discocellular band from subcostal to vein 2, tips of
nervures in fringe white ; hindwing white, a broad marginal band and discocellular
spot sepia.

?. Similar, but hindwing entirely sepia with a basal and a discal white patch.

Length of forewing : c? 16 mm., ? 18 mm.

Hab. Cindad Bolivar, Venezuela, July 0th, 1898 (S. M. Klages), 1 S ; Caracas,
Venezuela, 1 (?, 2 ? ?. Type 3, Ciudad Bolivar.

56. Psilopleura hymenopteiidia sp. nov.

cT. An exact mimic of an Hymenopterous insect sent with it by the colli ctor.
Forelegs yellow, coxae white, middle legs brown, tibiae and tarsi yellow, liindicgs
brown, a yellow band on tibiae ; palpi, head, antennae, and thorax black ; abdomen

maroon-red, last two segments black. Wings semihyaline; forewings dirty

yellow, outer third clouded with dark brown, an ill-defined black discocellular
patch ; hindwing yellowish, ajiical third clouded dark brown.

Lengtii of forewing: 12'r) mm.

Ilah. Buenavista, East Bolivia, 75U metres, August I'JUG— April TJOT (Jos6
Steiubacii), 1 cj.

(37 )

57. Saurita watsoni sp. nov.

?. Legs black-browu, coxae white, a metallic blue band on tibiae; head and
antennae black ; tegulae black tijiped with crimson, a crimsoQ spot below tegulae ;
thorax black with metallic bine patch ; abdomen above black, subdorsal crimson
spots on basal segment and verj- narrow metallic green rings on rest, below white

except last two segments. Forewing black, cell hyaline-white, a hyaline basal

streak below cell, a large hyaline patch beyond cell between costa and vein 6
and a smaller one between veins 5 and 0, a small hyaline patch above and below
vein 4 ; hiudwing metallic green-blue, margins black, basal half of wing between
median nervure and abdominal edge hyaline-white, a hyaline dot above origin of
vein 2 and one on each side of vein 6.

JIab. Bogava, Chirinni, 800 ft. (Watson), 1 ?.

58. Saurita cardinalis sp. nov.

c?. Legs black-brown ; frons and antennae black; vertex and thorax brilliant

crimson-lake ; abdomen blue-black. Wings blue-black, basal two-fifths of

forewing and one-third of hindwing brilliant crimson-lake.

?. Similar.

Length of forewing : 15 mm.

Ilab. Carillo, Costa Rica, Jane and July 1903 (Underwood), 4 <?c?, 3 ? ?.
Type <?.

50. Eurota baeri sp. nov.

? . Legs brown banded with whitish, coxae white ; palpi crimson ; head
black ; antennae black, a broad subapical band white ; thorax black, shoulders
with crimson patch ; abdomen black with broad lateral crimson bands and sub-
lateral white ones, a pair of white spots on sixth segment. Wings black ;

forewing, a white patch in cell and one below it, a white band between subcostal
and vein 3 beyond cell ; hiudwing semihyaline-white, margins widely and discal
patch black.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. Tapia, Province of Tacuman, Argentina, 600 metres, March— April 1903
(G. A. Baer), 1 ? .

On. Eurota parishi sp. nov.

c?. Legs black, fore coxae white; frons white, vertex and antennae black;
thorax black, shoulders white; abdomen, first five segments rnsty white, with
large dorsal black patch on second, third, and fourth segments, rest black, anal

segment rusty buff. Wings black ; forewing, a subbasal semihyaline-white

patch, a similar one in cell and one below it, a similar band of four beyond cell
between subcostal and vein 3 ; hindwing, basal third and large discal patch beyond
cell semihyaline-white.

?. Himilar.

Length of forewing : c? 12 mm.; ? 14 mm.

Ilab. Holguin, Cuba (H. S. Parish) , 8 c? c?, 27 ? ? . Type <?.

Ol. Dicladia vitrina sp. nov.
(?. Legs black, middle tibiae outside and band on hind tibiae buff; palpi
orange, third joint black ; frons black, vertex cinnamon-orange rufons with black
central band, antennae black with white snbapical band ; thorax cinnamon-orange

( 38 )

rafons with central black band ; abdomen, basal segment orange with central black

band, rest dark metallic bine with black segmental interspaces. Forewiiig

hyaline-yellowish, base, costa, and nervares cinnamon-orange rnibns, apical
fourth, large discocellnlar patch, and tornns to vein 3 brown-black, outer margin
between veins :i and i and inner area chestnnt-brown ; hindwing hyaline-white,
base orange-rnfons, margins broadly brown-black.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Ihb. Hio Cayapas, N.AV. Ecuador, 4 SS, 1 ?, and Rio Dnratigo, N.W.
Ecuador, 350 ft., June 1901 (Flemmlng & Miketta), 1 ? ; San Pedro Snla,
Honduras, 1 S. Type c?, Rio Cayapas.

02. Euchromia brilliantina sp. nov.

<3. Legs black ; head and antennae black, frons margined'with white ; thorax
shining metallic green-blue edged with black ; abdomen above, basal segment
white, rest brilliant metallic green-blue, interspaces black, below black, third,

fourth, and fifth segments crimson. Forewing, basal half brilliant metallic

green-blue, outer half black, a snbbasal hyaline-white patch below cell, a similar
patch in cell and one below median nervure, a hyaline patch beyond cell below
subcostal and one above and one below vein 3 ; hindwing black, base and trans-
verse band beyond cell hyaline-white, a metallic green-bine patch between the
two hyaline areas across end of cell.

Hob. North coast of Burn, November 1897 (W. Doherty), 2 dd.

li3A. Euchromia neglecta neglecta sp. nov.

(?. Occurs alongside of the forms of creiisa, in the Solomon Archipelago.
Differs from crei/sa in its larger size, much larger hyaline patches, in having the
basal third of patagia white, in the three basal segments being white, the second
and third with a silvery blue gloss, and in the whole anal segment being black
and dark bine.

Length of forewing : 26 — 29 mm.

Ilab. Solomon Archipelago: Floridii, Jiinuary 1901, 4 c?<?, 2 ? ? ; Guadal-
canar, April 1901, 1 <3 ; Bougainville, April 10u4, 2 c?c? ; Isabel, June 4 to
July 9, 1901, 1 ? (A. S. Meek). Type S, Florida.

03a Euchromia neglecta occidentalis subsp. nov.

Differs from negkcta neglecta in the white shouldcr-i)atch being smaller, the
second and third abdominal segments bine, and the black bands on the fonr
penultimate segments much wider.

llab. .Solomon Islands : Vella Lavella, March 190S, 3 cJ J ; Kulambangra,
March 1901, 1 ? (A. S. Meek). Type 6, Vella Lavella.

04. Euchromia wahnesi sp. nov.

(J. Legs black, co.xae white; fnnis ;iuil collar white, vcrte.x and antennae
black ; thorax metallic green-blue edged with black ; abdomen above black, the
last five segments broadly banded with dark crimson, below last six segments

entirely crimson. Wings black with nsnal six hyaline patches on forewing and

two on hindwing large, a discocellnlar crescent, base of wing, abroad band above
vein 1, and basal four-fifths of inner margin metallic blue-green.

Hub. Sattelberg, German New Guinea, December 1905 (('. Wahues), S 6S.

( 30 )

65. Histixea hoffmannsi sp. nov.

(?. Legs and head dark sooty-brown ; antennae black ; thorax dark brown
with indications of metallic spots, tegulae with metallic blue spots, patagia with
black streaks ; abdomen sooty black-brown with lateral rows of metallic blae

spots. Forewing sooty black-lirown, two or three metallic blue spots and a

discoidal bar and base, a salmon-pink basal streak for two-fifths of the wing above
subcostal, a wedge-shaped salmon-pink patch in cell, a boomerang-shaped salmon-
pink band below cell, and a band of salmon-pink above vein 1 from base for
five-sixths of its length, an oblinne creamy-buff baud beyond cell from costa to
almost the end of vein 3 ; hindwiug abruptly truncate, sooty-brown, apical third
orange except termen.

Length of forewing : 28 — 36 mm.

Ilab. Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Brazil, July — August 1906 (W. Hoffmanns),
6 c?c?.

66. Phaio unimacula sp. nov.

(?. Legs black, coxae white, a white band on basal part of tibiae ; palpi
black ; head black, two white spots on frons, one on verte.K ; antennae black ;
thorax black, white patches on tegulae and base of patagia, two white dots on
mesothorax ; abdomen, first and second segments black, first with dorsal and
lateral white patches, second with lateral only, remaining segments greenish
cupreous with black dorsal line and interspaces, bluish white lateral patches on

segments 3 and 4, and two white subdorsal dots on anal segment. Forewing

black-brown suffused with golden green scales, more densely on basal half of wing ;
hindwiug black suffused with golden green scales, less densely than forewing, a
subbasal oval semihyaline white spot, inner area black fringed with white.

Length of forewing : 22 mm.

Had. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6500 ft., dry season, April 1902,
and La Oroya, Rio Inambari, S.E. Peru, 3100 ft., wet season, March 1905 (G. R.
Ockenden). Type c?, Santo Domingo.

67. Chrysocale gigas sp. nov

S. Allied to corax Hampson, but much larger. Legs black-brown, coxae and
tibiae deep metallic blue, hind tarsi white ; head and tegulae black with metallic
blue points ; antennae black ; thorax and patagia black ; abdomen black with

lateral metallic blue patches. Forewing black-brown densely suffused with

dark green metallic scales, a dark bine point and a paler blue metallic suffusion
at base of wing ; hindwiug black, powdered slightly with green scales between
veins 2 and 3 and along median nervurc.

?. Similar.

Length of forewing : cJ 32 mm. ; ? 35 mm.

Ilab. Santo Domingo, ('arabaya, Peru, 6000 ft., dry season, December 1901
(G. R. Ockenden), 1 S ; Zaniora, Ecuador, luOO— 3000 ft. (0. T. Baron), 1 ? ;
Bogota, 2 ? ?. Tyi)e J, Santo Domingo.

68. Calonotos autennata sp. nov.

c?. This is the second species of the group with enormous feathery antennae.
Differs from pliimulatus E. Klages in its longer and narrower wings, and in the

(40)

metallic scaling of the wings and the metallic lands of the holy being deep
copper-colour.

?. Similar.

IM. Merida, Veueznela (Briceuo), 3 <? J, 1 ?. Type 6.

00. Calonotos hofFmanusi sp. nov.

?. Legs dark brown ; bead metallic green; antennae black with white tips ;
thorax black with wliite spots on tegnlae and shoalders ; abdomen black with
dull copperv green dorsal and lateral bands. Wings ver}' narrow, black ; fore-
win", a hyaline white patch and dot below median vein, two hyaline dots at end
of cell, and a hyaline spot above and below vein 4 ; hiudwing, a snbbasal and two
discal hyaline patches.

Length of forewing, IS mm. ; breadth of forewing, 0 mm.

Ilab. Itaituba to Obidos, Amazons, January — April lUUG (W. lloll'mauus),

2 ? ?

7n. Calonotos opalizans sp. nov.

S. Similar to tripunckUa Driice. Differs in having the three white spots on
wings almost obsolete, and the abdomen entirely opalescent mother-of-pearl-colour
above and on sides.

Ilab. Cindad Bolivar, Venezuela, November 28, 1898 (S. M. Klages), 1 c?.

71. Calonotos longipennis sp. uov.

S. Legs black, pectus and fore co.xae white, a metallic green baud on outside
of tibiae, tip of femora white ; palpi black, basal joint white ; frons white with
median black line, vertex and .antennae black ; thorax black, tegulae with central
white spots, mesothorax with two metallic green patches ; abdomen black, a dorsal
and lateral broad bands of metallic green, two subdorsal and lateral white dots

on basal segment, Wings black with strong deep purplish blue gloss ; forewing

with white dot at base, a basal subcostal metallic green streak, and a snbbasal
metallic green patch below cell.

Length of forewing, 2.5 mm. ; breadth of forewing, 8 mm.

]Inb. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, March lUU.") (tS. M.
Klages), 1 (J.

72. Poliopasta ockendeni sp. nov.

3. Logs black-brown, coxae and bands on tibiae pale metallic blue, tips of
tarsi white ; palpi and antennae black ; head black with a pale whitish blue spot
on frons and vertex ; thorax black with pale whitish bine spots on tegulae,
shoulders, mesothorax, and metathorax ; abdomen blackish oil-green with dorsal

and sublateral whitish bine lines. Wings deep metallic blue ; forewing with

three whitish spots at base.

?. Similar.

Length of forewing : cJ 22 mm. ; ? 25 mm.

Ilah. La Union, Kio Hnacamayo, Carabaya, S.E. Pern, 2UU'J ft., wet season,
November 1904 (G. R. Ockenden), 3 cJtJ, 1 ? ; Tumatumari, British Guiana,
December 19U7 (S. M. Klages), 1 ?. Type S, La Union.

73. Poliopasta rosenbergi sp. nov.

(S ■ Legs black, coxae white, white spots on outside of tibiae near base ; palpi
and antennae black ; head black, two white dots on frons ; thorax black, two

(41 )

ntiiuite white dots on patagia ; abtlomeii browiiisli coppery green, two median

dorsal white spots on basal segment. Wings black ; forewing, basal half

golden metallic grass-green; hindwing, a subbasal hyaline-white sjiot, costal half
metallic grass-green with blue tinge, abdominal area powdered and edged with
bluish green.

Length of forewing : 20 mm.

Hah. Paramba, West Ecuador (Rosenberg), 1 S.

74. Mesolasia felderi sp. nov.

Differs from paxla Schans in having all the black margins of the wings very
mucli narrower, and in the discal transverse black band of forewing only reaching
from the costa to the origin of vein 3.

Hab. Brazil (Felder coll.), 1 3; Surinam (Meyer coll.), 1 c?. T^'pe S, ex
Felder coll.

75. Trichiura fasciata sp. nov.

cj. Legs orange, tarsi and inner side of tibiae black-brown ; paljii and iiead
orange; antennae black; thorax black with orange markings, tegulae orange;
abdomen above orange with transverse black bands, last two segments black with

metallic blue spots. Wings hyaline-yellow ; forewing, basal half of costa and

inner margin of both wings dark yellow, uervures brownish orange, margins of
both wings black, inner area of hindwing orange and black.

Length of forewing : 21 mm.

Ilab. Chanchamayo, Peru (ScLuncke), ~ S S.

70. Paraethria angustipennis sp. nov.

S. Differs from triseriata by the pure white palpi, entirely black abdomen
above with only a smudge of whitish on sides of segment 3, and by the distorted
hindwings, which are only half the size of those of triseriata.

Hab. Itaituba to Obidos, Amazons, January — April 1906 (W. Hoftminus), 1 S ■

77. Paraethria flavosignata sp. nov.

c?. Legs deep brown, fore co.xae orange; palpi and head orange; antennae
black ; thorax black with orange stripe, tegulae orange with central black dots,
patagia with central orange bauds ; abJomen above black, basal segment with
median line orange, segments 2 to 6 with transverse orange bars and last two

segments with scarlet patches. Forewing hyaline-yellow, more brownish along

nervures, costa black, outer margin black expanding widely at termen, inner margin
black powdered strongly with grey scales, nervures and discocellular bar black,
vein 4 widely; hindwing, basal half semihyaline-white, outer costal half grey,
tornal half black, tornus black.

Hab. Chimate, Bolivia, 700 metres, September 1900 (Simons), 1 S.

7s. Argyroeides aflSnis s]i. nov.

c?. Legs black, base of coxae white; palpi, heal, and antennae black, spot
below shoulders white ; thorax black, patagia with red band ; abdomen black,

first segment greyish horn-yellow, last five segments with dark red bauds.

Wings hyaline-yellow; forewing, basal half of costa hyaline-yellow, apical half.

(42 )

discocellalar bar, ami friuges of outer aiul inner margins black ; hiadwiug, toruieu,
discocellnlar bar, and a small hairy basal lappet on inner area black.

Length of forewing : 1- mm.

Uab. Minas Geracs, Brazil, IS'.tT, 4 cJc?.

TO. Argyroeides flavicornis sji. nov.

cJ. Legs black-brown, fore coxae white, middle and hind coxae yellowish
cream-colonr, distal half of tibiae orange-yellow, tarsi reddish brown ; palpi
golden yellow; head black, two yellow dots between eyes ; antennae deep orange,
basal half nf shaft black ; thorax black, inner edge of patagia with a few orange
hairs; abdomen above black shot with deep blue, a lemon -yellow patch on each

side of first segment. Wings dark hyaline-yellow ; forewing, costa, inner

margin, and nervures orange, outer margin black ; hindwing, nervures orange,
margins black, tornus hyaline.

Length of forewing : 20 mm.

Hah. Teflfe, Amazons, October lOii? (M. do Mathan), 1 c^.

^0. Argyroeides fuscipes sj). uov.

?. Legs blackish brown ; head, thorax, and antennae black; abdomen black,

basal segment bnffish horn-colour. Wings hyaline-yellow, forewing darker;

forewing, nervures brown ; hindwing, terraen, nervures, and small basal lappet
of inner area bhick.

Ilab. Minas Geracs, Brazil, 18'J7, 1 ?.

81. Diptilon aurantiipes sp. nov.

S . Legs, head, and antennae orange ; thorax yellow marked with black ;

abdomen orange, black edges to basal and second segments. Wings hyaline-

buflf, margins and adroconial patches orange-brown.

Length of forewing : 1 1 mm.

Hab. Calama, Uio Madeira, Amazons (\V. Hoffmanns), 1 cJ ; Amazon Kiver
(Felder coll.), 1 6. Type c^, Calama.

82. Diptilon hoffmannsi sp. nov.

c?. Legs orange ; head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen brown-black.

AViugs hyaline-buff; forewing, basal half of costa hyaline, outer half orange,
outer margin brown, inner margin rufous.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Pozuzo, Department of Hnannco, Peru (Hoffmanns), 1 S-

83. Eumenogaster aflBnis sp. nov.

c^. Differs from />ii(;«(/(?ify>/i!ee/a Hmpsn. by its white frons, ])ale brown thorax,
dark rufous metathorax and basal segment of abdomen, and by having the
remaining segments of abdomen lilaok, not rufous ; the costal area of forewing
instead of being clouded with wood-brown is strongly elouded with rufous scarlet.

Hab. (.'orosito, Caura River, Venezuela, June 1904 (.S. M. Klages), 1 S.

84. Teucer apicalis sj). nov.
6. Legs black-brown, fore coxae orange ; frons and antennae black, vertex
orange; thorax and abdomen black. Forewing, basal two-thirds black, a patch

( 43 )

ill cell, a broad streak below it, aud two spots beyond it semihyaliae-grey, outer
tliird of wiug yellowish clay-grey with longitiulinal black iuterrupted streaks
OQ nervures ; hindwiug, basal half semihyaliue-white, outer half black-brown,
fading into clay-brown on tornus aud inner area.

Length of forewing : 16 mm.

llab. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam (S. M. Klages).

85. Teucer distincta sp. nov.

c?. Legs black-brown, fore coxae brick-red ; palpi, head, aud anteiuiae black-
brown, collar brick-red ; thorax lilack, a band of chrome-yellow on metathorax ;

abdomen above black, anal segment brick-red, below brick-red. Forewing

brown-black, a large hyaline-white patch in cell, a larger one between it reaching
from base to middle of vein 2, and two beyond cell, one on each side of vein (3,
apex white, nervures in apical half and a transverse line be3-ond hyaline patches
dark grey ; hindwiug, basal two-thirds hyaline-white, outer third black.

llab. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, February 19u5 (S. M.
Klages), 3 SS.

86. Teucer rubrothorax sp. nov.

c?. Nearest to carmania Druce. Diifers from it in the whole thorax being
crimson instead of black, aud in the hindwiugs being much smaller and entirely
black, the basal three-fifths of costa white.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hab. Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Amazons, July — September rj06 (^V. Hoff-
manns), 1 S.

87. Teucer germana sp. nov.

c?. Closely allied to hi/pophaea Hmpsu. Differs from it in the semihyaline-
grey patches of the forewing being smaller and in the upper side of hindwiug
being entirely black, with two small grey semihyaliue spots at base, and tornns
sooty grej'-black. Below the hindwing is sooty black, not three-fourths white,
and the semihyaline basal spots much smaller.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

llab. i\Iaripa, Caura River, 9 iS, and La Union, ('aura River, Venezuela, May
r.MJ2 (S. M. Klages), 3 c?c?. Type (?, Marii)a.

88. Episcepsis hampsoni sp. nov.

c?. Allied to thetis Linn. Fore coxae sooty black with a trace of white at
base, rest of legs sooty black ; head black, two white lines at eyes, antennae black,
collar orange ; thorax sooty black ; abdomen sooty black, apical half oily metallic

green. Forewings sooty black, termen white, nervures paler sooty grey, most

distinct in basal half; hindwiug sooty black, paler ou disc, where there is a semi-
hyaline area, tornus produced to a long point, as is also termen, owing to the
outer margin being deeply excised aud concave, abdominal fold tilled with long
snow-white hairs.

?. Similar, but hindwing normal.

Lengtii of forewing : 18 mm.

Ihih. Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley, Surinam, February lOO.j (S, M.
Klages), 2 Si,\ ?. Type c?.

( 44 )

89. Episcepsis dominicensis sp. uov.

? . Fore coxae orange ; collar orange ; rest of legs, head, antennae, and thorax

dark sootv jMuple-brown ; ulxlomcn sooty, last two segments washed with metallic

bine. ^"Forewiug dcei) i)uri)Ie-brown, apex white ; hindwing sooty, a paler discal

semilivaliiic area.

ilab. Dominica, West Indies, January— February I'.JUo (E. A. Agar), I ¥.

i»o. Episcepsis klagesi sp. nov.

S. Similar to gitnma Butl. Ditter.s in having the termen of forewing white,
the collar orange, and the underside of abdomen except anal fringe entirely white ;
the pale nervnres of forewing are also much more strongly marked.

Ilab. San Esteban, Venezuela, August lUO'J (S. M. Klages), b i S ; Palma
Sola, Venezaela, 1 6. Type S, San Esteban.

91. Episcepsis sordidus sp. nov.

S. Differs from preceding species in forewing being a deep dirty brown with
paler veins, the apical fourth being dirty whitish browu-grey, and in the abdomen
being uniform black-brown above and below.

llnh. San Esteban, Venezuela, June 1900 (S. M. Klages), 1 S.

02. Episcepsis ockendeni sp. uov.

cJ. Legs, head, and antennae scoty brown ; thorax and abdomen above and

below sooty brown. Forewing reddish plum-puri)lc strongly suffused with sooty

brown ; hindwing greyish sooty brown.

? . Similar.

Length of forewing : 20 mm.

Ilab. Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, (jOOO— (joOO ft., March 1001,
November lonl, November 19U2, December 10U2, May 10n2, o JcJ, 1 ? ; La Union,
Ptio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 2000 ft., Peru, wet season, November 1904, 2 ? ? ;
Tinguri, Carabaya, Peru, 3400 ft., dry season, August 1904, 1 c? ; and La Oroya,
IJio Inambari, S.E. Peru, 31(i0 ft., wet season, December lOUo (G. R. Ockendcn),
1 cj. Type cJ, Santo Domingo.

03. Episcepsis littoralis sj). nuv.

^. Hindwing produced at tornus into a long point. Legs grey-brown, coxae
and outside of tibiae opalescent blue-green ; i)alpi grey-brown glossed with
opalescent blue-green ; head grey-brown shot with blue, antennae black ; thorax
grey-brown shot with opalescent green ; abdomen grey-brown, slightly sliot with

green on sides. Forewing bright purple-brown : hindwing smoky grey-brown

with deep blue reflections, disc paler semihyaline.

?. Hindwing normal purple-brown and dark grey-brown in colour without
opalescent gloss.

Ijcngth of forewing : i 10 mm.; ? IT mm.

Ilab. San Esteban, Vcnciiuela, June-August 1009 (S. M. Klages), 9 (?cj, 1 ?•

Type cJ.

04. Episcepsis scintillans sp. nov.

• i. Legs sooty brown stroi.gly glossed with o])aIcscent metallic blue-green,
coxae glittering blne-greeu ; paljii opalescent blue-grceu ; head black-brown shot

( 45 )

with (lark lilne ; antennae deep iinqjle ; thorax dark purple grey-brown strongly
shot with opalescent green ; abdomen deep sooty black on dorsum, glossed with

dull purple, sides glittering blue-green. Forewing bright bluish jjlnm-purple ;

hindwing dark blackish grey glossed with blue purple, disc semihyaliue, paler,
tornus produced into a long point.

Length of fore wing : 19 mm.

Ilab. La Vuolta, Canra River, April 1903, 1 S, and Maripa, Canra River,
Venezuela (iS. M. Klages), 5 cTc?; Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewyin Valley, Surinam,
February 190.5 (S. M. Klages), M S S ; Calama, Rio Madeira, 1 c?, and Allianca,
below San Antouio, Rio Madeira, Brazil, November — December 1907 (W. Hoff-
manns), 9 <?c?; Fonte Boa, Upper Amazons, May 1906 (S. M. Klages), 2 SS.
Type S, Allianca.

9.J. Mesothen dorsimacula sp. nov.

? . Legs deep brown, fore coxae white ; palpi black ; head black with some
minute white dots ; autennae black with broad white subterminal band ; thorax
golden orange ; abdomen golden orange, a mediau black patch on two basal

segments, two penultimate segments black, anal segment metallic blue.

Forewing hyaline-white, base golden orange, costa, nervures, discocellular l)ar,
a subbasal patch, inner margin, tornus, outer margin, and terminal fourth of wing
black ; hindwing hyaline- white, margins, termen, and nervures black, base
narrowly orange.

Length of forewing : 17 mm

Jliib. Tnis, Costa Rica.

NEW AEGEBIIDAE.

By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.

1. Sphecia bombyliformis sp. nov.

c?. Middle and fore legs black-brown, hairy, tarsi orange-brown ; hindleg
black-brown with very long hair, proximal half of tibiae white ; palpi black
clothed with enormously long hair ; head black, circle round eyes white, collar
dark grey, antennae black ; thorax hairy black ; abdomen very hairy black, three

median segments bright yellow above, anal tuft and fringe brownish rufous.

Wings hyaline-yellowish, nervnres and margins dark brown, discocellular bar
dark brown.

Length of forewing : 17'5 mm.

JIab. Khasia HUls, Assam, June 1895 (native collector), 2. 6 S,\ ?. Type S.

2. Melittia imperator sp. nov.

? . Forelegs black, tarsi rufous scarlet ; middle legs black-brown, tarsi rufous
scarlet; hindlegs very strongly tufted black, with tufts on tibiae and entire tarsus
and its tufts bright rufous scarlet ; i)alpi and head black-brown, frons with two
white streaks ; thorax black-brown with rufous patches ; abdomen bright purple,
segments edged anteriorly with rufons scarlet. Forewing bright metallic blue-

(46)

{»reen ; hindwing hyaline, nervnres, margins, ami ajiical thiril of wing metallic
bine-green.

Length of forewing : 21 mm.

Ilab. Obidos, Amazons, April 1900 (W. Hoffmanns), 1 ? .

3. Melittia funebris sp. uov.

S. Forelegs, coxae banded white, black, and rufons, rest of legs black, tibiae
tufted ; middle legs black streaked inside with jjale grey, tibiae tufted, tarsi
proximal half white, distal half black ; hindlegs strongly tufted above black,
below grey, a little grey above at proximal end of tarsi ; palpi rufous ; antennae
above black, below rufous; head black, collar and tegulae rufons; thorax and

abdomen black. Forewing black ; hinJwing hyaline-white, discocellular bar,

nervnres, and fringes black.

Length of forewing : 12 mm.

Had. Dorey, Dutch New Guinea, June 1897 (W. Doherty), 1 cj.

4. Paranthrene aflBnis sp. nov.

S. Body, antennae, and legs deep brown glossed with metallic steel-purple.

Forewing bright metallic green-blue, fringe brown ; hindwing hyaline-yellow,

fringe, nervnres, and costal area green-bine.

Length of forewing : 1<S mm.

Ifab. Padang Rengas, Malay Peninsula, 1 c?.

5. Aegeria ruficauda sp. nov.

(?. Legs deep steel-purple ; palpi maroon rufous ; head deep maroon rufous;
antennae and thorax black slightly glossed with purple ; abdomen black slightly

glossed with pnri)le, last segment and large anal tuft rufous orange. Forewing

dark bluish purple, fringes reddish purple; hindwing hyaline-white, nervnres and
margins widely bluish purple, fringes reddish purple.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Ihl). Ukami, German East Africa, 1 c?.

G. Aegeria gaudens sp. nov.

c?. Legs purple-brown ; palpi and patch below eyes scarlet ; antennae black ;
head and thorax purple, collar and broad margins to thorax scarlet ; abdomen

brownish black, basal segment scarlet, anal tuft rnfous brown. Forewing

brilliant purple, a scarlet band beyond cell followed by a hyaline one, outer
fifth of wing orange-scarlet, fringe brown ; hindwing, basal three-fifths hyaline,
outer two-fifths purple-brown.

Length of forewing : 9 mm.

Llab. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1 cJ.

T. Aegeria aurantiibasis sp. nov.

?. Legs and palpi orange-yellow; antennae brown; head black; thorax
black-brown, two blue spots, and sides brick-red ; abdomen brick-red, anal
tuft wood-brown. Forewing, basal third brick-red median half hyaline, a broad

(47)

brown band at end of coll with a liriclc-red centre, outer sixth pale wood-brown ;
hindwing hyaline with reddish brown.

Length of forewing : 7 mm.

IJab. Marcapata, East Pern, 35itO ft. (Garlepp), 1 ? .

8. Ichneumenoptera caeruleifascia sp, nov.

c?. Legs metallic steel-blue, fore tarsi white, tufts on hiad tibiae and proximal
half of tarsi steel-blue edged with white ; j)alpi white ; antennae, head, thorax,
and abdomen steel-blue, anal tuft very long, more than half as long as abdomen,
steel-blue.— — Forewing hyaline-white, margins steel-blue, a wide central transverse
band brilliant metallic blue ; hindwing hyaliae-white, margins and a lar^e
discocellular patch steel-blue.

Length of forewing : 11 mm.

Hab. Marcapata, East Pern, 3500 ft. (Garlepp), 2 SS.

9. Ichneumenoptera dohertyi sp. nov.

£?. Legs deep steel-blue, hind tarsi brown with two white rings ; palpi white ;
head, thorax, antennae, and abdomen deep steel-blue, anal tuft long, purple-black,

with some whitish hairs below. Forewing hyaliue-white, costa and inner

margin steel-blue, a discal bar which reaches to inner margin and the terminal
fifth of wing royal pnr|ile ; hindwing hyaline-white, margins royal purple.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. Humboldt Bay, north coast of Dutch New Guinea, September —
October 1892 (W. Doherty), 1 S.

10. Sanninoidia peruviana sp. nov.

?. Legs and underside of body golden yellow; palpi, head, and antennae
black ; thorax black, banded with golden yellow ; abdomen, first four segments

black above, golden at sides, segments 5 and 6 golden, rest black. Forewing

hyaline-bufl:', nervures, inner margin, and discocellular bar golden yellow, terminal
fourth black ; hindwing hyaline-buff, nervures, abdominal margins, and tornal
third of outer margin golden yellow, rest of margin black.

JIab. Marcapata, East Peru, aSOO ft. (Garlepp), 1 ? .

(48 )
ON THE BAT-FLEAS DESCRIBED BY KOLEXATI.

By the Hon. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

THE Jahn'itheft iler tiatKrwisseiiscIiaftlichen Selttion der It. It. mii/ir. sr/ilf.f.
(lei<r//.fc/i(i/t fur Aclterbau, Nattir- uiid Landeskuncle, fiir das Jahr 1859
(Hriiun, ISOn), P- 1-L")G, contains a jiaper entitled " Monographie der enropiiisclien
Uliiropteren," von Prof. Dr. F. A. Kolenati. The work appears to be very scarce,
and with the exception of two copies we secured from Herrn W. .Tank, of Berlin,
we have been nnable to trace any examples of it in any library in the Britisli
Islands. On pp. 28 to 3it instructions for collecting Parasites from live 13j,ts
and Bats preserved in alcohol are given, and on p. 31 farther instructions for
the general preservation of Epizoa. These instructions are of some imi)Ortanoe,
as they render Kolenati's examples when preserved in their original condition
easy of recognition. We therefore quote in full Kolenati's remarks.

AUFBEWAHREN DER PARASITEN.

Bei der 32. Yersammlung der Naturforscher und Aerzte zu Wien zeigte dor
Verfasser am IT. September iu der Section fiir Zoologie und vergleichende
Anatomie (nicht wie es auch zugleich mangelhaft besprochea im Tagesblatte
Nr. 3. heisst, in der improvisirten vereiuigten Sitzung der physiologischen,
zoologischen uud botanischcn Section, von welcher vereiuigten Sitzung weder
die statutenmiissig bestellten Geschiiftslciter der zoologischen Section noch die
allergrosste Anzalil der Mitglieder etwas wussten, weil gar kein Antrag wegeu
einer solchen Yereinigung gestellt wurde noch nothig war, gestellt zu werden)
eine vollstiindige Sammlnng der vou ihm lieschriebenen Eudo- und Epizoon der
Ohirojitern vor, uud vertheiite an silmmtliche auwescnde Mitglieder dieser Section
die den Natnrforschern und Aerzten der 32. Yersammlung gewidmete Abhandlnng
" die Parasiten der Chiroptcrn." Des Urtheiles enthalten wir uns darilber, da
es noch Manchem im Andenken sein diirfte. Damals waren die Eudophytcu in
kleinen, die Betrachtung mit der Loupe gestattenden Gliischeu im Spiritns
iiufbewahrt, die Epizocn sowohl in Gltischen, als auch aufgeklebt. Yon der
letzteren Methode sind wir gegenwilrtig abgegangen und bewahren alle in diesen
Gliischen in Spiritus anf. Die Gliischen sind sehr klcin, rund, vollkoramen
durchsichtig, 0'" lang uud 21'" breit, ganz mit Spiritus gefiillt und gutverkorkt.
Der Kork wird iu Paraffin gekocht, und nach der sorgfiiltigen subtilen Yerkorknng
wird durch den weuig vorstehenden Theil dcs Korkes eine Insektonnadel der
Quere nach gestochen und der Hals des Fliischhens in heiss zerlassenes Paraffin
getaucht, damit der Verdampfung und dem Eintrockneu vorgebeugt werde. An
die Nadel wird der Species-Xame des Mieththieres uud die Nummer der Parasiteu-
species hoch befestiget und das Fliischchen, wie ein Insekt, in den Kasten der
Sammlung immer so eingesteckt, dass alle Fliischchen bei Aufstellung des
geschlosscnen Kastens mit dem Korke-nach aufwiirts, bei Aufstellung des geoffneten
Kastens horizontal und mit dem Korke nach hinten stehen. Auf dicsc Art
repriiseutirt sich die Sammlung gut, der Spiritus verdampft nicht, die Exemplare
schrampfen nicht ein, kOnnen mit der Loupe gehiirig betrachtet werden und wird
immer gnte Evideuz iiber die Mieththiere gehalten. Will man eine Art unter

(49)

ilem Mikroskope niitersucben, so Offuet man das Fliischchen mid bettet es nacli
der Untersnchnug wieder wie friilier eia. Solche typisclie Sammlungen habea
wir nach der 32. Versammlnng an folgeiide Natnralienkabiuete als frankirtes,
ansprnchloses Gesehenk iiberschickt imd neiinen sie hier bloss desshalb, dass
eiii Jeder sich dariim luteressirende wisse, wo uusere Typen eiagesehea werdeu
kOniien.

Wien, im k. k. Hofiiaturalieukabinet, in der Privatsammlung des Dr. Schiner,

in der Privatsammliitig des Herrn Zelebor.
London, im Britisli Museum.

Paris, im Jardin des plantes (des VerCassers Onginal-Sammhmg).
St. Petersburg, im zoologiscben Museum der kais. Akademie der Wissenscbaften.
Berlin, im kOniglicben Museum.
Kopenbagen, im kfmigb Natnralienkabiiiet.
Stockbolm, im kOnigl. Museum (wo sicb aucb die Originalsamraluug der

Cbiroptern des Verfassers betiiidet).
Miincben, im kOuigl. Hofnaturalienkabinet.
Stuttgart, im kOnigl. Hofnaturalienkabinet.
Dresden, im kOaigl. Hofnaturalienkabinet.
Christiania, im Naturalienkabinet der Universitilt.
Halle, im Naturalienkabinet der Universitiit.
Wilrzburg, im Naturalienkabinet der Universitiit,
Dorpat, im Naturalienkabinet der Universitiit.
Jena, im Naturalienkabinet der Universitiit.
Moskau, im Naturalienkabinet der Universitiit.
Zurich, im Naturalienkabinet (Prof. Menzel).
Meseritcs in Poseu in der Privatsammlung des Dr. Prof. Loew.

Alle daukteu uns verbindlicbst, mancbe sugar ministeriell, Miinchen und
Christiania mussten an der J5est;itigniig des Emi)faiiges seit zwei verflossenen
Jahreu uoch verhindert gewesen sein, von dem riebtigen Empfang an dem ersteren
Museum iiberzeugteu wir uns jedocb durch die postilmtlicbe Quiistionirung.

The small glass tubes referred to above we recognised at once in the
collections of the British Museum, the Paris Museum, and the Berlin
Museum (a complete list of all the Kolenati specimens existing in these
collections and in the K. K. Hofmuseum, Wien, at the i>resent time is
appended to this paper). The outline sketch of one of these tubes
will help students in identifying Kolenati's specimens in the other
collections to which he states some of his specimens were sent, and
which we have not yet had the opportunity of inspecting.

In the list of museums already mentioned to which Kolenati has
sent typical ex;i,m]iles (/.c. specimens representing his species) it is stated
that his real collection, as opposed to any duplicates he might possess,
was presented to the Jardin des Plantes— /.c. the Paris Museum— and the material
there must consec|uently, in our opinion, be considered the most typical.

The collection of Hiphonaptera in the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris,
which we have recently had an opportunity of studying,* still contains a number

* A list of tlio Hiphonaplera contained in the I'aris Museum is publishoJ iu Aim. Sci. Nat. Zool.
vol. xii. p. 20.1 (1911).

4

( 50)

of Koleiiati's original viiils with specimens in lliem, each of these vials being
placed in a larger tube with alcdhol. The corks, pins, and original labels of the
vials have been removed, and a fresh label bearing tiie name of the insect has
been imt inside each of the larger outer tubes. Koleuati's statement, which we
have quoted above, abont the distribution of his specimens, can, we think, be
interpreted to refer solely to the i)arasites of bats, as there are only examples of
bat-fleas preserved in the vials in the Paris Mnseura.

There are also a number of Kolenati's vials, in the Kuuigl. Museum fiir
Xatnrkunde zu ]?erlin apparently in their original state, except for the alcohol having
evaporated. Tliese vials seem mostly to have been once in the collection of the
famous dipterist, H. Loew, and some of the specimens have been subsequently
mounted between cover-slips. On the pins there is a label with the name of the
host and one or two labels with a number, and in addition to this, in most
instances, a further label bearing the inscription " Col. H. Loew." Unfortunately
the pins do not bear any labels with the names of the parasite ; the numbers,
however, refer to the Museum catalogue, where the nami' can be found. These
Kolenati specimens belong to various genera. It must, however, be borne in
mind that the fact of these specimens being labelled " H. Loew," and that they
belong to different genera, seems to point to their being specimens other than those
which Kolenati refers to in his paper quoted above.

In the British Museum only two of Kolenati's specimens are preserved.
These are now monnted in balsam, but were originally in the characteristic small
vials referred to above, and were labelled with their respective names, apparently
in the author's handwriting.

The study of this typical material has enabled us to arrive at a definite
opinion as to the application of Kolenati's names for bat-fleas, and our views are
stated lielow in as full a manner as necessary.

In connection with the study of nomenclature Kolenati's material is of general
interest. Kolenati designated all the specimens he kept or distributed as " types,"
but, as we have already pointed out, the word is used in the sense of representa-
tives, and in no way as it is used to-day, even when the word " cotype " is
taken into consideration as well. At the time when Kolenati was stndjnng
Siphonaptera but little attention had been paid to the order, and species as
different as the human- and dog-fleas were frequently confounded and treated
as identical in the handbooks of that time. Under these circumstances it is not
surprising that he did not discriminate between species which superficially resemble
one another, but are in reality abundantly distinct. In the case of the eight-
combed bat-fleas, for example, Kolenati's types of what he called octactenm
comprise a number of species. It is therefore obvious that the value of such types
as assistance in the correct ajiplication of the name based upon them is very
small — in fact, if only a single such typical specimen were contained in a museum,
it might altogether mislead the student who relied on that example as a critical
guidu.

The system adopted by Kolenati is .still followed by many systematists even
at the present time — tliat of making a number of individuals types of a new
species, or rather, types for the name given to those specimens which are con-
sidered by the author to represent a new species and a single species only. This
system is frequently most mischievous, as all specimens differ rqore or less
inter ae, and such differences are often discovered later to be sisecific. It is

( 51 )

therefore obvious that the nncertainty in the application of names is frequently
due to the names not being made monotypical in eacli case. It is, however,
interesting to note that Kolenati, although he made so many types, evidently
took his descriptions in most instances from a single specimen. In the case of
the bat-fleas, which alone are treated of in tliis paper, a considerable variation
obtains in the number of spines in the combs. Kolenati, on the contrary, describes
the combs as containing always one certain number of spines. The hosts that
lie gives for the various bat-fleas appear to clearly demonstrate that Kolenati
had before him, however, specimens belonging to various species in which the
combs are very diS'erent. All the specimens in Kolenati's collection contained
in the Paris, Berlin, and British Museums prove the statements made above to
be correct. The observation repeated in several of Kolenati's papers that the
live-combed bat-flea has only two spines instead of four at the anterior corner
of the head on the two sides taken together, was doubtless the result of the
e.xamination of a single specimen in which one of the spines was broken off, and
again points to the fact that Kolenati did not test by the e.Kamination of a series
of specimens the constancy of the speciflc characters which he mentions. There
is another point which we think should be borne in mind when considering the
reliability of Kolenati's descriptions, a point which conclusively proves that his
statements should not be taken too literally. In Parasiteii dcr Chiropteni
Briiun, LSoO*, p. 32, Kolenati says that the siiuirrel flea, Ceratopsi/llas sciuri, is
" monoctenus," which statement one must interpret as referring to the flea
usually found on the squirrel. In another paper, Wien. Ent. Mon. 1857, p. 65,
he states, when referring to the same flea, that it chiefly occurs on Rhinolophus
fi-ii-nm-equinum. In 1860, in the MoiKxjr. Europ. Ckiropt., the species is
mentioned amongst the i)arasites of the same bat, with the qualification " probably
acquired"; and finally, in 1862, in the Hot: Soc. Ent. Ross., the squirrel is given
as the host, Kolenati adding, " I also found it once on Rhinolophus ferriim-
equinum Daubenton." The species in question we refer to again later in the
present paper.

The figures published by Kolenati, rough as they are, prove to be of great
help in the application of the names. In his paper of 1856, Die Parasiten der
Chiroptern, Kolenati describes the bat-fleas under the generic name of Cerato-
psi/Uus Curtis. This name, however, is not restricted by him to the bat-fleas, but
embraces all the fleas which have one or more dorsal combs, with the exception
of those species which also have a genal comb. These latter he separates in 1856
in the paper mentioned under the name of Ctenophtkalmus, mentioning as species
which belonged to it musridi, talpae, canis, fdis, etc., and also erinacei. The
genus CeratopsyUtis, Kolenati states in a footnote, would be better called
CtenopsijUus, from ktew, a comb, as these fleas have combs at the hindmari'in
of the pro- and metanotum, and frequently also on some of the abdominal tero-ites.
Obviously, therefore, this name, Ctcnopnyllits, is nothing but another name in
place of Ccratopsyllus. AVe have, however, in a previous paper f shown that
the name Ceratopsi/llus cannot be retained, as it is a synonym of Ceratophyllus
(Jurtis (1826), and consequently the genus CtenopsjUus Kolenati (1856) would
have to be employed for the bat-fleas, if no older name were available. This

• The paper \v:is reissued at Dresden in 1857.

t See KotUscljild, Nod. Zool. xiii. p. 17() (February 1(»0G), ;uk1 Oudemaus, Ent, Bcr'wht, ii. p. 123
(September I'JOO).

(52)

however, is the case, ami, as we demonstrated in the iiai)er (luoted above, West-
wood's name of hchiiopxi/Uu^ (l.s4',') takes precedence over Ctenop.v/llus.

Kolenati himself, in 1862, applied the name Cleiiojjsi/llus to musvuli (={jiia(/n'-
(fcntati/s) and bii/mfatus (= monoctenits), in which he was not justified, as he had,
as we have shown aliove, already used the name for the hat-fleas. At the time of
Kolenati's writings the necessity of a stable nomenclature was not yet conceived,
and Kolenati, like many others of the middle of the last centnry, considered it
not onlv admissible bnt even advisable to replace a name by another which
apiioared to hira more approjiriate. As an example of this, Kolenati in ls4ri
describe! a flea as Piilex /ii/ac/iae, and in 1862 changed the name into striutHs;
and as a further example it may be cited that he replaced in 1862 by
bisoctodentatus Kolen. the Ctenopktkalmus bisbidentatus Kolen, of 1x50, and
itnieleiifatus Kohn. o{ IS59 hy b/.'igeptemf/ent'itiis Kolen. in 1862. Further instances
of a similar nature could be quoted.

Kolenati gave five names to the bat-fleas in his Parasiten dcr Chivoptcrn
(1856), of which four, according to the rules of nomenclature recognised to-day,
can be retained as valid, although the author evidently liad under octoctcnus four
abundantly distinct species and under pentactcnus or tetraffciiits two. This state-
ment is inferred from tlie fact that those specimens from Kolenati's collection
which we have examined belong to no less than eight different species.

For the sake of lucidity we quote in full Kolenati's original descriptions of
the bat-fleas. The species belong to two genera.

I. Genus ISCHNOPSYLLUS Westw. (Is33).

Ciraliijilii/tliis Curtis, Siil. Eiitom. i.\. no. 417 (1832) (partiin ; type : hiriiiidiitis).

J.vlimijisi/lliis Westwood, Eiil. Mug. i. p. 359 (1833) (type : elomjaliis).

Ceialojixi/lliis Curtis, Brit Eiilnni. xv. errata (1838) {Ceraliiplii/lli cmcmlaliu).

Ceralojisi/lliis {CnHis) Kolenati, Panisll. Cliirojil. p. 31 (185G) (partim).

CteiuipsiiUna Kolenati, i.e. p. 31, footnote (185(5) (partiin; nom. nov. loco Ccralnjixijlli).

Two of Kolenati's species belong to this genns.

1. Ischnopsyllus octactenus Kolen. (1856).
Cemtopsyllus octactenus Kolenati, Parasit. Cliiropt. p. 31. no. 1. fig. 31 (1856).

" Braun-roth mit 8 Riickenctenidien."

" Das Endglied der Fiihler mit elf Wimperschnitten, das Ctenidiam des
Pronotnmg mit 26, des Metanotums mit 22, des ersten Riickensegmentes mit 10,
des folgenden mit 20, des dritten mit 16, des vierten mit 16, des vorletzten
mit 12, des letzten mit 8 Ziihnen, die Farbe der Ziihue branuschwarz, am Meso-
notnra eine Querreihe steifer Borsten.

" Miinuchen. Weibchen.

" Liinge : 0,0021 bis 0,0028 Pariser Meter.

"Aufenthalt: Im Balge des Vesperlilio mnrinns, Plccotns auritus, Synotus
barba»tellus, Vesperus discolor, Vcsperugci ]iipistrellus in Milhrcn, an letzteren
anch in der Schweiz, sehr hiiulig im absteigenden Grade. Die an den Haarwnrzeln
abgelagenten nicht festgemachten weissen liinglich ovalen Eier werdcn vnn dcm
Miethticrc im Tageslager ausgcschiittelt, wo sich die Maden eutwickeln."

At the present time at least eight species of bat-fleas are known from Enrope
which are characterised by possessing eight combs on the dorsal segments.

( 53 )

Kolenati's description can only apj)!}' to one of the smaller species with a reduced
number of teeth in the last comb. This fact narrows down the selection to
two species, which differ in the male sex in one having a kind of a mane on the
thorax and the other being without it. Kolenati figures the male with a very
distinct mane, and this maned species therefore must be considered as the true
octactenus Kolenati (1856). The other species is simplex Roths. (1906). We have
so far been unable to distinguish with certainty the females of these two species.
Wagner, who found one of Kolenati's specimens, a female, in the St. Peterslmrg
Museum, believed this maneless female to be a different species from the maned
male in his possession, and described the male as a new species, jubata, which
name must now be regarded as a synonym of octactenus.

There are several other species under the name of octactenus in the material
belonging to the Paris Museum which they received from Kolenati : one male
and two females of/, elongatus Curtis (1832), one male of obscura Waguer (1897),
and one male and two females of intermedhis Roths. (1898). The number of
different hosts which Kolenati records for his octactenus renders it probable that
he possessed all these four different species of eight-combed bat-fleas at the time
he drew up the description of octactenus, and that he examined one specimen
only when noting the number of teeth in the combs. In the description there
is nothing mentioned which would make it doubtful to which species the name
must be applied, and the figure, moreover, unquestionably represents the small
species with the mane on the thorax. The true host of this species is the
Pipistrelle {Pipistrellus pip/strellus), and the other hosts mentioned by Kolenati
should be discarded for the present. Two females of octactenus are still preserved
in the Berlin Museum in one of Kolenati's characteristic tubes and lalielled
Nannugo (the name of the host). There is also a third female in the same museum
from the collection of H. Loew, possibly one of Kolenati's examples, the host
being given as S. nannugo. In the British Museum there is a single female of this
species labelled octactenus in Kolenati's own handwriting, and formerly preserved
in one of his characteristic vials.

It may be incidentally remarked that there are no eight-combed bat-fleas
originating from Kolenati in the Vienna Museum.

When the present author first published some notes on the eight-combed
bat-fieas, he figured and described a female specimen under the name of octactenus.
This example is a female of the true octactenus Kolenati, in the sense in which the
name is used in the present paper ; but he also recorded as new to Britain Jubata
Wagner, believing at that time that the single female specimen referred to above
and the series of Jubata recorded as new to Britain were different, and not as they
really are — sexes of the same species.

2. Ischnopsyllus hexactenus Kolen. (1856).

Cfralopsi/Uus liexactemis Kolenati, I'nnisit. Cliirojil. p. 31. no. 2 (1856).

" Hellroth mit sechs Riickenctenidien, am Pro-, Metanotnm uud den erstea
vier Riickensegmenten. Das Ctenidium des pronotums mit 28, des metanotnms
mit 26, des ersten Abdominalsegmcntes mit 18, des zweiten mit 24, des dritten
mit 14, des vierten mit 16 Zahueu.

" Liinge : 0,002 Pariser Meter.

" Aufenthalt: Im Balge von Syuofus barbustellus, Vespertilis muriuuo.

( 54 ) ,

Plecotns anritns, Vesperus discolor, serotinns, Vesperugo noctnla, Rhinolophns
liippocrepis, sehr haufig in absteigendem Grade bei den genannten Fiedermiinsen
in Miihreii."

This species is not easily confonmled with any other. There are 4 r?(?and
4 ? ? of it in the Kolenati collection of the Paris Museum. The Berlin Mnsenm
is in possession of 5 cJ(? and 5 ¥ ? of Kolenati's, some of which are still in
Kolenati tubes. Several of these specimens are labelled " coll. H. Loew," and it
is possible that all ten Kolenati specimens passed through that collection.

The Vienna Mnsenm has three of Kolenati's specimens of /lexiicfrm/s.

There is a single female specimen of this species in the collection of the
British Mnsenm labelled hexactenus in Kolenati's own handwriting, and formerly
preserved in one of the Kolenati tubes.

The fifth abdominal tergite bears occasionally some spines indicating a
seventh comb.

As hexacteiius is a fairly common insect, it is possible that it is found
accidentally on as great a variety of bats as are mentioned in Kolenati's list of hosts.
The usual host, however, is Plecotus auritus.

II. Genus NYCTERIDOPSYLLA Oudem. (1906).

Ceratopsyllus (Curtis) Kolenati, Paranit. Chiropl. p. 32 (185G) (partim).
Nyrleridojmi/Ua Oudemans, Tijihclir. Ent. 11. p. 58, Fo-s/. (U'OG) (type : pimtaclinus).

The two remaining species of bat-fleas which were described by Kolenati
belong to this well-characterised genus.

3. Nycteridopsylla pentactenus Koleu. (ls."iO).

Ceratopsi/Hiis peiitactfiiiis Kolenati, Parasit. Chiropt. p. .33. no. 3 (185G).
Ceratopsyllus tetracimus Kolenati, Paraait. Chiropt. p. 33. no. 4 (185G).

These two names apply to the same species. The descriptions read as follows :

pentactenns. — " Rothlichgelb, mit 5 Riickenctenidien. Das Ctenidium des
Pronotums mit 29, des Metanotums mit 11, des ersten Riickensegmentes mit 25,
des folgenden mit 19, das des siebenten Riickensegmentes mit 31, die Ziihne des
Ctenidiums am Metanotum nnr ein Viertheil so lang als die der andern, die Ziihne
des letzten Ctenidinms sehr sjutzig nnd der 8. nud 9. Zahn jederseits um ein
Drittheil kiirzer, der achte Leibesring triigt am Riickensegmeute jederseits eine
nierenfurmige Hornplatte, welche mit 42 Stachelschnppigen Riugeu besetzt ist,
die Ocellen grosser nnd mit 6 beweglichen zweiseitswendigen Stacheln vor der
Fiihlergrube, das Endglied der Fiihler mit 9 Wimperschuitten.

" Liinge : S 0,OiilO bis ? H,(.i023 Pariser Meter.

"Anfenthalt: Im Pelze des Vesperus discolor, Plecotns auritus, Syuotus
barbastellns sehr hiiufig, seltener beim Vesperugo noctula nnd Vcs])ertilio
muriniis."

tetractenus. — " Gelb, mit vier Riickenctenidien. Das Ctenidium des Pro-
notums 24-, des Metanotums 14-, des ersten Leibessegracntes 8- und des letzten
Leibessegmentes (Aftersegmentes) 14z;ihnig, alle unterbrochen, letzteres sehr
spitzziihnig ; die Ocellen klein und hell, die Fiihler mit langon Wimperu.

" Liinge : 0,002 Pariser Meter.

" Aufenthalt: Selten am Plecotus auritus bis jetzt in Miihren."

( 55 )

These descriptioQs, if li|-erally interpreted, apply to none of the known
species of bat-fleas.

All the specimens from Kolenati's collection which we have examined had
five combs, and, moreover, in no specimens were there thirty-one spines in the last
comb, as stated in the description of pentactovix, nor had any example a comb
of only eight spines on the first abdominal segment. Kolenati's examples belong
to two distinct species,* but as the author mentions in the description oi pentacteims
that this insect has six bristles before the eye, the name of peiitnctemis must
be given to that species which possesses this characteristic. There are two
females in the Paris Museum collection, received from Kolenati, which possess
the bristles mentioned, and these must therefore be regarded as typical specimens
of peiitactenus.

There is nothing in the description of trti-actemis which would .jnstify ns in
applying this name to the second species of live-combed bat-fleas which is repre-
sented among Kolenati's specimens. The fact that Kolenati in subsequent papers
treated pentactenus and tetractenus as identical is, considering the indifferent
descriptions, sufficient ground for treating tetractenus as a synonym.

The name of the second species is iV. eiisiirca Dampf (19US). In the Paris
Museum there are three females received from Kolenati which belong to emarca,
in the Berlin Museum one male from Kolenati labelled as tetractenus from
Vesperugo discolor and one female, also from Kolenati, labelled as pentactenus
without any indication of host. In the Vienna Museum there arc a number of
specimens of this species which originated from Kolenati, but further particulars
about them are absent.

4. Nycteridopsylla dictenus Kolen. (1856).

Ceratnpgyllus dktenuK Kolenati, Puraxit. Chiropt. p. .32. no. h (1856).

" Lichtgelb, mit zwei Riickenctenidien. Das Ctenidium des Pronotums 24-
des Aftersegmentes l'2zahuig, letzteres zweimal nnterbnichen, uach Aussen
jederseits zu drei, in der Mitte zu sechs Ziihnen. Die Ocellen gross nnd mit einem
brannen Hof umgeben, die Fiihler mit langen Wimpern.

" Liinge : 0,0026 Pariser Meter.

"Aufenthalt: Selten am Vesperus discolor aufgefnnden."

A (J and a ? from the Kolenati collection in the Paris Museum.

The metanotum and first and second abdominal tergites bear each some
spines representing the corresponding combs of pentactenus. The present species
is therefore five-combed, with some of the combs being reduced to mere vestiges.

Kolenati further mentions a flea in Parasit. Chiropt. p. 33, which he maintains
in later publications to have also received from a bat. "Der EichhOrnchenfloh
Oeratopsyllns sciuri," he says, " ist monoctenus und hat an den Fiihlern nur
sine Borste." As several species occur on the squirrel, it is imjiossible to say
from this brief note which particular one Kolenati had in view. He himself rejects
the name in subsei[nent papers for a new name, hiJentatus {Ilorae Soc. Ent. Ross.
1862), for which he supplied a description and a figure. The specimen which
served as original for the drawing is among the Kolenati specimens in the Paris

• Cf. lintmnoloi/ut xlii. p. 27 (IIIUII)

( 56 )

Museum nntler tlio name of monoclenus. Tliat it is tlie original for the drawing
there can be no doubt, since the genitalia jnotrnde in the s[)ecimeu in the way
indicated in the fignre. The species is the same as the one which we described
in 19IJ9 as Ctenopsyllus sobrinus (Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xx. p. 186).

The question now arises if inonoetenus or bidentatus should be employed as
the name of the species. As Kolenati himself treats monoctenus as a synonym of
bidentatus, we have to consider the two names as applying to one and the same
species, there being no evidence to disprove the correctness of Kolenati's own
contention, and we must consequently accept the older one of the two names —
i.e. monoctenus — as the name of this species, although the original characterisation
is excessively meagre.

Kolenati, in Parasit. Chiropt. p. 32, also refers to Pulex respertilionis of
Duges and of BouchS, and remarks that it is impossible to say which particular
species these authors have described, which remark still holds good to-day.
Kolenati, however, erroneously quotes " Diiges in Aii/i'il. des Sc. nat. Tom. vi.
ls3U. Zool. i)ag. 130," where uo tiea is mentioned.

List of specimens of bat-fleas from the Kolenati collection contained in the
collections of the British Museum and the Bluseams at Paris, Berlin, and
Vienna :

1. Ischnopst/Uus octactenus Rolen. (1850).

Paris Museum : 1 c?, 10 ? ¥. As octactenus.

British Museum : 1 ¥ , old Register, Nos. 56, 1G3. As octactenus.

Berlin Museum: 1 J, 2 ? ?. As octactenus.

2. Isclinopsyllus intermedius Roths. (1898).

Paris Museum : 2 c? cJ, 2 ? ? . As octactenus and hexactenus.
Berlin Museum : 1 ? e.K coll. H. Loew, carded. Perhajis not from tlie
Kolenati collection. No name on the pin.

3. Ischnopsi/Uus elonga.tus Curtis (1832).

Paris Mnsenm : 1 J, 2 ? ?. As octactenus.

4. Ischnopsi/llus obscura Wagn. (1897).

Paris Mnseum : 1 (?. As octactenus.

5. Tschnopsijllus hexactenus Kolen. (1850).

Paris Musenm : 4 <?(?, 4 ? ?. As tetractenus and hexactenus.
British Museum : 1 ¥, old Register, Nos. 50, 103. As hexactenus.
Berlin Mnseum: 0 cJc?, 4 ? ?. Some in Kolenati's vials; otiiers only

marked "Coll. H. Loew."
Vienna Museum : three s])ecimens. As hexactenus.

6. Nycteridopsi/lla pentactenus Kolen. (1850).

Paris Musenm : 2 ? ¥ . As ptentactenus.

7. Nycteridopsijlla eusarca Dampf (1908).

Paris Mnseum : 3 ¥ ¥ . As pentactenus.

I'.erliu Musenm : 1 (?, 1 ¥ . As pentactenus and tetractenus.

Vienna Museum : seventeen specimens.

8. Nycteridopsylla dictenus Kolen. (1856).

Paris Mnseum : 1 cj, 1 ¥. A» dictenus.

(57 )

KATALOG DER SIPIIONAPTEREN DES KONIGLICHEN
ZOOLOGISCIIEN MUSEUMS IN BERLIN.

Von Dr. K. JORDAN und The Hon. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S.

DAS Studium der Siphonapteren hat iu nenerer Zeit infolge der Entdecknng,
dasa Fluhe als Krankheitsiibertrager von besonderer Bedentmig sind, eineii
grossen Aufschwnug genommen. Die Oftentlichen Museen, welclie bisber diese
Grnppe von lusekten ganz vernachlilssigten, beauftragea jetzt die Sammler von
Situgetieren und Vogeln, auch die Parasiten aufzubewahren. Das Material, an
Flclhen, welches den Specialisten znr Verfiigung steht, ist aber vorliiufig uoch
recht liickenhaft. Wenn man bedenkt, dass von Grossbrittauien mit seiner sehr
armen Fauna schon tiber 40 Floharten bekannt sind, so unterliegt es wohl keinem
Zweifel, dass die 400 bisjetzt beschriebenen Flohe uur einen kleinen Teil aller
existierenden Siphonapteren bilden. Unsere Kenntnis der Verbreitnng der ein-
zelnen Species liisst darnm auch noch viel zu wiinschen iibrig, und jeder Beitrag,
der die vorhaudenen Lticken ansznfiillen hilft, scheint nns von Wert zu sein. Das
ist einer der Grtinde, welche uns bewogen haben, einen vollstiindigen Katalog
der Siphonapteren des KOniglichen Zoologischen Museums zu verofFentlichen,
statt nns anf die Beschreibnng der nenen Arten zu beschranken. Wir glaubten
ferner, dass ein solcher Katalog praktischeu Wert fiir alle Hygieniker in Deutsch-
laud haben wiirde, die sich mit der Frage der Kraukheitsiibertragang beschiiftigen
nnd fiir die es mithin von Wichtigkeit ist zu wissen, welche Arten von Siphon-
apteren im KOniglichen Zoologischen Museum zu Berlin vorhanden sind und somit
als Vergleichsmaterial dienen kOnnen.

Wir sind dem Direktor des KOniglichen Zoologischen Museums, Herrn Prof.
Dr. A. Braner, sowohl als Herrn Prof. Dr. R. Heymons zu grossem Danke dafiir
verpfiichtet, dass sie nns die Saninilnng in so zuvorkommender Weise zur
Bearbeitung anvertraut haben. Die Samralung ist die reichhaltigste, welche ein
Oft'entliches Museum besitzt, abgesehen vom British Museum. Sie umfasst
78 Arten, von deneu manche in grosser Stiickzahl vertreten sind.

Eine Auzahl E.xemplare haben historischen Wert, z. B. die Fhilie ans der
Sammluug des beruhmten Dipterologen H. Loew, die wenigstens znm Teil von
Kolenati stammten und von denen manche noch heute in dea charakteristischen
Kolenati-Gliischen * aufbewahrt werden. Ausserdem enthiilt die Sammluug die
Typen der beiden uuteu beschriebenen neuen FlOhe und von folgeuden Arten :

Dennatophilus caecata Enderlein (1901).
Xenopsylla pallidm Taschenberg (1880).
„ aequisetosus Enderlein (1901).

Parapsyllus longicornis Enderlein (1901).
Malacopsi/Ua tolijpeutis Enderlein (1905).
Iloplopsyllus glacialis Taschenberg (1880).
Mesopsylla eucta Dampf (1910).

* Vergl. Seite 49.

( 58)

Wir liatten gehofft, in der Samraliing die Exemplare vorziifiaden, von denen
Bonchc' seine nngeniifrenden Beschroibnngen genommen hatto, nnd ps sind in d(>r
Tat mebrere rait einein Zettel ,,Bimclii''" bezeichiiete Stilcke vorhandon. Leider
helfen sie nns aber nnr wenig in der Deutnng der von BoncIi(5 gegebenen Namen.
Diese Stiicke sind genadelt oder anf Papier geklebt, wie das frillier iiblieli war
nud leider auch noch lientzntage mit vielen Insoktcn geschicht, die viel besser in
Balsam odcr in Alkoliol anfbewalirt wrtrdeu.

Eoncbe beschrieb in 1835 zehn Arten, davon sieben als nen, nilmlich cutiis,
felis, tnartis, erinacei, talpae, mmculi, nnd vespertiUonis.

Sein cani.t war wahrscheinlich dasselbe wie irrttuns. Da der Name canis aber
schon von ('nrtis vorher fiir den eeliten HundefloU vergeben war, so ist es ziomlicli
gleichgiiltig, welche Art Bonch^ als eanis bezeichuete.

'Unie^r felis vereinigte Bonche mnglicherweise zwei Arten {Ctenocephahts crinis
nnd fi' I ig). Die Angabe „Wobnort an der Hausltatze'" fixiert jedocb den Naraen.
Es sind keine mit „ Bonchd" bezeichneten Stiicke in der Samiulnng.

Die Beschreibnng von marfis bezieht sich anf einen „ am Marder, aneh an
Hnnden " gefnndenen Floh, der einen Kamm am Wangenrande nnd am Prothorax
besass nnd von felis hani)tsiiehlicli durcb das Fehlen der vordern Wangenstacheln
nnd die dnnklere Farbe nnterscbicden wird. Es handelt sich also entweder nra
canis oder felis, dessen vordere Wangenstacheln abgebrochon waren, oder uiu
Spilopsi/llus cuniculi oder einen Cteiwphthalmus. Es befiudeu sich keine Exemplare
in der Sammlnng, anf die der Name mit Sicherheit bezogen werden kann.

Von erinacei dagegen enthiilt die Sammlnng ein Paar mit „ Bonche "
bezeiclinete Exemplare. Die Beschreibnng liisst iibrigens keinen Zweifel dariiber
anfkommen, dass Archaeops>/Ua erinacei gemeint ist.

Ein ? ohne Kopf nnd Beine ans Bonche's Sammlnng nnd anf Talpa exropaea
gefnnden, ist vielleicht talpae Bouche. Dar Name talpcie war jedocli schon von
(Jnrtis vergeben. Das Exemplar gehort zn jener Art, welche Wagner als
bisoctodeiitatm Kolonati gedentet hat. In der Beschreibnng sagt Bouch(5 : „ Beim
Weibchen reicht das Aftersegment anf beiden Seiten liber den After hinans nnd
bildet so zwei verticale halbrnnde Scheiben." Es ist mit diesen „ Scheiben " der
erweiterte Teil des achten Tergits gemeint, der in der Tat bei dem erwiihnten Stiicke
iiber den Afterkegel hinansragt (wie gewohnlich bei geschrnmpften Exemplaren)
nnd bei oberfliichlicher Untersnchnng stark gernndet erscheint. Dass Bonche das
achte Segment hier Aftersegment, d.h. letztes Segment uennt, ist sehr bezeichnend
(siehe weiter nnten).

Es hat kanm je Zweifel geherrscht, dass Fidex musculi Bonchd anf den
Hausmansfloh zn beziehen ist, dagegen ist die letzte der Bonche'schen Arten
nicht mit Sicherheit zn denten. Dieser Pulex vespertilior/is wurde vou Taschenberg
und andern als fragliches Synonym zn hexacienns gestellt. Nnr Oudemans
glanbte, dass es sich nm eine noch nicht wieder anfgefnndene Art handele, die
njiher mit pentactenus verwaudt sei, nnd gab ilir den ncnen Namen botichei.
Bonche's Angaben passen in der Tat anf keinen bekannten Floh, wenn sie W(irtlich
genommen werden. Nach Bonche soil dieser Floh niliulich seeks Kamme habon
nnd zwar sollen sie anf dem Pronotnm, dem 1. nnd 2. sowie dem 5., 0. uud 7.
Abdominalsegmente stehen. Ein Vergleich der iibrigea Beschreibnngen Bonche's
zeigt jedocb, dass die als 1, 2, 3, etc., bezeichneten Segmente nicht diese sind.
Das Abdomen bestcht nach Bonche ans 9 Segmentcu. Uuter irritans werden die
Antepygidialborsten als tlber der Afterdecke stehend bezeichnet; nnter talpae wird

( 50 )

das aclite Tevgit als Aftersegment angegeben ; und endlicli soli dem Metauotum
des vesperfiUonis eia Kamm febleu, withrend es bei alien iu Betracht kommeudea
europjiischen Arten einen Kamm hat. Darans scbeint uus mit ziemlicber
Wabrscbeiiilicbkeit bervorzngeben, dass in der Reschreibnng von resjtert/lio/us
mit dem 1. Abdominalsegment der binlere Teil des Metanotums nud mit dem 7.
Abdominalsegment das sechste gemeiut ist.

Driick- oder Beobachtnngsfebler siiid in den Bescbreibungen Boncbe's zablreich
vorbanden. Bei irritans ist z. B. Roesels Fig. 12 statt 11 zitiert und ist gesagt, dass
das 2. Vordertarsenglied liinger als das 5. ist. Unter ijallinae ist angegegen,
dass das 1. Vordertarsenglied liinger als das 2. nnd dieses liinger als das 5., nnd
nnter scitiroriim, dass das 1. liinger als das 5. ist. Boi eriiiacei soil der Mesothorax
mit Stacbeln gei'ranzt sein, wiibrend der Kamm in "Wirklicbkeit anf dem Protborax
stebt, und das Metanotum soil eine tiefe Lilngsvertiefnug tragen, was fiir den Kopf
nnd Protborax des Milancbens stimmen wiirde (die eriiiacei aus Bouch^'s Sammlung
haben natiirlicb keine Liingsvertiefung auf dem Metanotum), nnd von dem
Vordertarsus des vespertilionis wird gesagt, dass die Reibenfolge der Glieder der
Grfisse naeb geordnet 1. 2. 3. 5. 4. ist, was bei keinem bekannten Floh zutrifft.
Aus alledem glanben wir scbliessen zu diirfen, dass Boucbe"s Angabe betreffs der
Kilmme von vespertilionis auf Irrtum bernbt und dass die Bescbreibung
wahrscbeinlich von genadelten oder aufgeklebten Stiicken eines acbtkilmmigen
Flobs genommen ist, bei denen die Kilmme der Abdominalsegmente 2 und 3
infolge Einscbrumpfung des Kijrpers nicht deutlich zu erkennen waren.

Was die Klassifikation anbctrifft, der wir in diesem Kataloge folgen, so
haben wir es nicht fiir angezeigt gebalten, bier alle die zablreicben Familien und
Unterfamilien auf'zufiibren, in die man in neuerer Zeit die Sipbonapteren geteilt
bat. Die grosse Zabl der Namen wiirde fiir alle Nichtspecialisten die Ubersicht-
lii'bkeit beeintrilchtigen.

Die Angaben betreffs der Wirtstiere nnd Fundorte sind im allgemeinen
wijrtlicb so wiedergegeben, wie sie sich auf den Zetteln linden.

I. Gattung: DERALA'roPIIfLUS Gm-r. (1S38 oder 1839).
Es sind nur zwei Arten bekannt, die beide in der Sammlung vertreten sind.

1. D. caecata Enderl. (19nl).

SarrriiKiiUa camilii EuievXiAn, Zaol. Jiiliib., A hi. S;/«l. xiv. p. 549. tab. 34. figs. 1, :i. 5 (I'.IOl)
(Piracicaba).

3 ? ? (Typen) ; Piracicaba, Brasilien, binter dem Obre einer Mux spec. ;
Sammler : Ruhrig.

Das Miinnchen ist noch nicht bekannt. Wir haben vor Kurzem aber eine
Anzahl friscber Weibchen aus Sao Paulo, Brasilien, erhalten, welcbe nicht so stark
geschrumpft sind wie die Typen und von Dr. G. von Ibering auf Microihictiila
cristatas erbeuten wnrden. Bei diesen Exemplaren liegt der Kopf nicht ganz so
tief im Korper verborgen wie bei den Typen, sonderu der Riissel ragt aus der von
dem angescbwollenen Hinterleibe gebildeten Hoblung heraus und auch die Stirn
und Palpcn sind iu ciner Frontalansicht des Flobs in der Hohluug sichtbar.

(60)
2. D. penetrans L. {\''<'^).

Puhr ppudriuiit Linnaeus, ■*>,v*V. Nol. ed. x. ]). dll. no. 2 (17:"»X).

Deniiali/]tliilu-i jir-iiel riina (L.) Jordan & Botliscliild, in TLomps., Yates & Jolinst. Liihor. liejil. vii. 1.
p. 67. no. 1. fig. F, tab. 4. fig. 28 (190G) (description, distribution, literature).

5 ? ? ; Columbia, ex cute miiri's spec. ; ex coll. Karsteii.
4 ? ?; Brasilien; Sammler : von Olfers.

1 (?, 3 ? ? : Sa. C'athariiia.

2 SS, 2 ? ? ; San Bernardino, Paragnay ; .Samniler : K. Ficlirig.

1 ? ; Guatemala ; Sammler : von Tiirklieim.
1 ?; Lima; Sammler: Winthem.
I cJ, 0 ? J ; keiue Data.

T ? ? ; Tunis; Sammler : Spatz, 30. iv. LS94.
;")??; S. Thome, ans dem Fnsse eines Negerfs.
32 ? ? ; Kamerun ; Sammler: Hasselbartb, iii. 1001.

3 ? ? ; Dentsch Ost-Afrika, vom Hausschwein.

1 ?; Amani ;; Deutsch Ost-Afrika ; Sammler: Prof. Vosseler, 28. i. 1005.

4 ? ? ; Mnnijft, Dentsch Ost-Afrika, im Fusse eines Triigers ; Sammler :

0. Neumann, iv. 1894.
10??; Kissenji, Ueutscb Ost-Afrika; Sammler: Ilaniitmanu von
Sti'gmann & Stein.
1 ?; Dar-es-Salaam; Sammler: Apotboker Wilbelm.
8 ? ? : Negundo, Dentsch Ost-Afrika, von Stis nrrflfa (/oiin'st/rn ;
Sammler : Dr. Kummer.
21(5' cJ, 178? ? ; Ngnelo, Ost Usambara; Sammler : Dr. Knuimor, 1899.

21 ? ? ; Ngnelo, Ost Usambara; Sammler : Dr. Kummer, 2). i. 1899.
1 ?; Ujiji, Dentsch Ost-Afrika; Sammler: Dr. Ilusemann, 21. ix.

1897.
4 ? ? ; Tanga, Deutsch Ost-Afrika, aus dem Fnsse eines Triigers ;

Sammler: A. Karasck, xi. 19o4.
1 ? ; Kibwezi, Britisch Ost-Afrika ; Sammler: G. Scbeffler, 28. ii. 1908.
1 ?; Ost-Usinji; Sammler: Stnblmann, 9. iii. 1892.

3 (?cj, 11 ? ?; Bameuda, Kamernn ; Sammler: Adametz, iv. 1909.

1 ?; Bukoba, Ost-Usinji ; Sammler: Stnblmann, iii. 1892.
Diesrr ursj)riing]ich ans Amerika stammeude Floh bat sicb iiber fast die
ganze iithiopisebe Hegiou ansgebreitet nnd ist liier zu einer wabren Plage geworden-
Der Sandflob scbeint Araliien noch uicbt erreiclit zn baben.

II. Gattung: IIECTOPSYLLA Franenf. (18ti0).

Die Gattung enthillt vier Arten, die alle amerikanisch sind. Eiue derselben
trifft man zuweilen in den Vogelbiiusern zoologiscber Giirten in Europa.

1. H. psittaci Franenf. (180(1).

IIe<-l„j,s,/U<i pKiltuci Frauenfeld, Sil-.-ltn: K. Ah. Wiss. )l'««, ihilh. Nal. C!., xl. p. 4G4 (18G0)
(Chile) ; Jord. iV- Rothsch., in Thomps., Yates & Johnst. Labor. Kept. vii. 1. p. CI. no. 3. tab. 1.
fig. 3, t;, 11. tab. 2. fig. 17. tab. 4. fig. 32 (UlOG).

Ein Vogelflob, der besonders die nackteu Kopfteile angreift. Nnr das
Weibchen sangt sich fest. Die Miinnchen bleiben frei nnd konnen daher abhiipfen,
wodnrch sich ihre verhiiltnissmiissige Seltenheit in Sanimlungen erkliirt.

( fil )

1 c?, 1-") ? ? ; von Tartlus leucomelas aus Brasilien ; Zoologischer Garten, Berlin ;
Sammler : K. Leium, 'H. viii. 1900.
140 ? 9; von Turdug versicolor; Zoologischer Garten, Berlin.
13 ? ? ; von einer kleinen Wild- oiler Hohltaube, Zoologischer Garten,
Berlin, 7. x. 11)08.
Zahlreiche ? S am Kopf(in Alkohol) einer Hohltaube, Zoologischer Garten,
Berlin, 14. ix. 1906.

Prof. Dahl hat in Naturw. Wochcnschr. No. 40 (ISOOj ilber ein Massenauftrcten
diesor Art im Zoologischen Garten berichtet.

III. Gattung: ECIIWXOPIIAGA Olliff (1880).

Die Arten dieser Gattnng finden sich in den Troi)en der Ostlichen Halbkngel ;
eine derselben, welche ein hiiufiger Schmarotzer auf dem Hanshuhn ist, hat sich aach
in den wiinneren Teilen der Vereinigten Staaten angesiedelt, wohin sie wahrschein-
lich mit dem Haushuhn verschleppt vrurde. Italien and Transkaspien sind die
nOrdlichsten Liinder, wo Echidnophaf/a angetroffen wordeu sind. Wir kennen
bis jetzt 9 Arten, die sich auf Siiugetierea und Vugeln, ausnahmsweise auch auf
KeiJtilien, finden.

Bei alien Arten trilgt die Hinterhiifte anf der Inneuseite einen Fleck kurzer
dicker Stachelu und ist die vordere Apikalecke dieser Hilfte in einen knrzen,
breiten, abgestutzten Zahn ausgezogen.

Eine Revision dieser und der verwaudten Gattnugen Hectopst/Ua und Dcr-
viatophilas ist in Thompson, Yates & Johnston, Labor. Rcpt. vol. vii. pt. 1 (lOOO)
verOft'eutlicht.

1. E. gallinaceus Westw. (1875).

Sai-C'ijisi/!liis ijalliiiarem Westwood, Ent. Mo. Miuj. xi. p. '1V< (1875) (Cojlon, auf Hiihuern).
Pidcx, i>idluhiruiii Johnson, Proc. Ent. Sac. Waxhhujtim, i. p. 203 (1890) (Florida).

0 (?c?, 1~ ¥ ? ; Langenbnrg, Deutsch Ost-Africa, an den KOpfen von Hiihnern und

Enten ; Sammler : Dr. Fiilleborn, viii., ix. 1898.

1 c?, 1 ?; Kissenji, Deutsch Ost-Afrika; Sammler: Hauptmann von Steg-

mann und Stein.
ud'cJ, 34 ??; Uhehe, Deutsch Ost-Africa, von Mas rattus; Sammler: Dr.
Dempwoltf.
9 ? ? ; Kibwezi, Britisch Ost-Afrika ; Sammler : G. Schefller.
1 ? ; Gahabis, Deutsch Sud-West-Afrika ; Sammler : K. Borchmaun,
1. X. 1896.
3 (?(?, r~; ? ? ; Deutsch Siid-West-Afrika.

2. E, larina Jord. & lloths. (19U6).

Bliidiiiiphmia hii-hia Jordan & Rothschild, ia Thomps., Yates & Johnst., Labnr. Jlejit. vii. 1.
p. 4'J. no. :i. tab. 1. fig. 12., tab. 2. fig. 18., tab. .!. fig. 25 (I'JOG) (Kapland, Somaliland, Abessinien).

Nur von Silugetieren bekanut.

4 ? ? ; Ifuckwa-Steppe, Deutsch Ost-Afrika ; Sammler : Hauptmann
Fromm, 31. viii. I'.MitS.

3. E. myrmecobii Uoths. (1909).

Kcliidnuph'jga niijrinrxohil Rothschild (Waterh. iioni. indescr.), Xor. Znol. xvi. p. 57. no. 2 (lOO'.t).

? ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; I'ai-ra matta, Nevr South Wales, von
Trlchosunis adpccida ; Sammler: I'h. Schradcr, iv. 1904.

( fi2 )

IV. Gattung: I'lI.EX L. (17581.

Nur fiiK' Art bekanut, die sick voii alien aiiJeni FlOheii ilurcli deu iiiuereu
l?au der scliiiialcii Mcsopleureu nnterscbeidet. Uio iialic VcrwaiuUschaft mit dciu
Ii;ei- niid deiu Kauiucheufloh, sowie mit don bciden auf Hiiiid und Katze
vorkomnifiideu Arten ist unverkeuubar. Viele E.xeinplare des Meascheuflohs
habt'n eiuen klcincn Zalin am 'Wangenrande, was darauf hiudeutet, dass die
(Species voii kamnitrageiiden Yorfabreu abstamiut. Es erscbeint mis viel
wabrscheinlic.ber, dass dcr Menscb deu Parasitcn von seinen Beutetieien crwdrben
hat, alii dass der i'loli eiu Erbstiick von anthropoidcn Aflen ist.

1. P. irritans L. (ITo.s).

Viilex irritaiii Linnaeus, .S^/.s/. -Yu*. ed. x. p. (514. no. 1 (1758) (partim).

0 6<i, 3 ? ? ; Homo sapiens; Sammler : Dr. tSchmidt.
16, 4 ? ? ; Berlin.

1 cJ; Berlin, aus ilem Nest von I'artis tnajor ; Sammler: Stitz, viii.

I91U.

1 ? ; Dresden ; Sammler : W. Enderlein.
•2.6 6, li ? ? ; Berlin; Sammler: H. Tetens.

1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew.
\ 6 , ~ ? ; Berlin ; Sammler : Dr. Enderlein.
'JcJ<?, I'J ? ?; obne Data.
1 <^, 4 ? ? ; vom Ozelot, Zoolngiscber Garten, Berlin, vii. 190','.

1 ¥; Scbift'bodle, Vogcsen ; Sammler : II. Kolbe, vi. I'.Mil.

:i ? ? ; Leipzig, von einem toten Ueli ; e.\ coll. Enderlein.
] 6; Tuchlerheide, West-Preussen ; Sammler: IJiibsaamen.

1 6 ; Italien ; Sammler : Dr. Ueyhor.

1 6; Golodnaja Steppe, Tnrkestan, anf einer Springmaus ; Sammler:

Dr. Heymous.
1 6; Fiiente de Pedro, Teneriffa; Sammler: Dr. Heymons, 26. viii. lOoii.

3 ? ? ; Fnmni, Cbina ; Sammler : Missioiiar H. Lebmann.

I ? ; Hankiaug, Cbina ; Sammler : W. Filcbner.
] 6, 1 ? : von Mus muscidus.

1 ? ; Island ; Sammler : Dr. 0. Standinger.
1 cJ, 1 ?; Alexandria, anf 4rf/t'a «yrf/to/a.i' ; Sammler: Ehrenberg.

7 (? c?, 11 ? ? ; Cabira, „ in nave Arabica " ; Sammler : Ehrenberg.
4 66, 7 ? ? ; Loanda; Sammler : Bnchner.

\i6 6, ID ? ?; Loanda.

1 ?; Kueko bis Kimiioko ; Sammler; Biittner.

1 ? ; Bismarckburg, Togo.

2 ? ? ; Amani, Dentsch Ost-Afrika, Homo; Sammler: Prof. Vosseler,

xii. 19U0.
1 ?; Uhche, Dentsch Ost-AlVika ; Sammler: Dr. Dem|i\v(iltf.

1 ?; Kibwezi, Britisch Ost-Alrika; Sammler: G. Scheffler.

2 ¥?; Sattelberg, Dentsch Nen-Guinea ; Sammler: Dr. Neuhauss, xii.

1908.

8 66, 4 ? ? ; Majiiri, 15olivia, 1000 m. ; Sammler : Garlepp.

1 ? ; Valparaiso.

2 ? ? ; San Bernardino, Par>ignay ; Sammler : K. Fiebrig.

( 63 )

V. Gattung : XENOPSYLLA Glink. (lOuT).

Die zahlreieheu Arteii sind meist klein und blass nnd finden sich fast dnrchweg
an Nagern. Wir keimeii gegen 30 Arteii, die zum Teil ziemlich scliwer zn nnter-
scheideu siud und alle dor ostlichen Halbkugel angcln'iren. Eine Art, A', cheojiis,
ist mit Ratten in alle tropiscben Liinder versclileppt worden nud kommt sugar in
earopiiiscbeu Hafen vor. Das kiihle Klima der mlrdlicbereu Gegendeu scheint aber
den Xenopsi/lla Arten nicht zu passeu.

Eine Revision der Arten erschien in Parasitologij vol. i. no. 1 (19ii8).

Der Name Loemopsijlla (11JU8) ist eiu Synonym von Xeiiojjsi/lla (I'-Wi).

1. X. pallidus Tasch. (lS8o).

Piilex jiaWdiis Tascheuberg, Die Fliilie p. 05. no. 0. tab. 1. fig. 9 (18><0) (Agypten, auf llcrjiesiea

Ichneumon).
Pulex loUherbyt Rothschild, Ent. ilo. Mag. (2). xiv. p. 86. no. 6. tab. 1. figs. 2. 5. G, tab. 2. fig. 11.

15 (1903) (Weisser Nil und Shendi, au£ Ei-lnareus albieentris, etc.)
Loeiiin2)si/lhi pallithis (Tasch.), Jordan & Rothschild, FarasUuIor/i/ i. p. 3.5. no. 1. tab. 3. fig. 4, tab. 4.

fig. '.1. tab. h. fig. 8 (1908).

Die Exemjilare, auf welche der Name urspriinglich von Taschenberg gegriindet
wurde, gehoren alle einer Art an. Spiitere Autoren, welche den echten pallidus
nicht kannten, haben unter diesem Namen mehrere Xenop.v/lla-Avten vereinigt.
AVo daher der Name palliflan in der Literatnr vor 1908 erwiihut ist, handelt es sich
selten urn den echten pallidus, sonderu urn eine oder mehrere andere Arten,
gevvOhnlich cheopis.

\'i$$i'M ?? (Typen) ; Agypten, aiif Viccrra ichiicamon ; Sammler : Ehrenberg.
2. X. cleopatrae Roths. (l!»03).

Pulex dciipu/nu Rothschild, Knt. ilo. Mag. {2). xiv. p. 84. no. 3. tab. 1. fig. 4. 8, Uib. 2. fig. 13. 17
(1903) (Shendi).

1 cJ, 1 ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild; Shendi, Sudan, auf Gcrbillus pijgargm,
iii. 1901 : Sammler : N. C. Rothschild.

3. X. cheopis Roths. (1904).

Pulei: cUiijih Rothschild, Eiit. i.)/o. Mag. (2). xiv. p. 85. no. 4. tab. 1. fig. 3. 9, tab. 2. fig. 12. 19

(1903) (Shendi).
Piile..r, murhiuii Tiraboschi, Arch. Parasit. viii. p. 252. fig. 15 ^ (1904) (Italien, auf Ratten).
Pulex jitiilijipinoisis Herzog, Bull. Bur. Gor. Labor. Manila xxiii. p. 77. figs. '2C. 27 (1907) (Manila,

auf Ratten).
Xenopxylla 2)achyuroiiigidi.i Giiakieviicz, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wicn cxvi. iii. p. 381. tab. 2. fig. 1-4

(1907).

Dieser in Indien nnd dem Niltale sehr hilufige Pestfloh hndet sich iiberall,
wohiu in den wilrmeren Landern Ratten verschlejipt worden sind, nnd wird auch
in europaischen Hafenstiidten gefunden (Loudon, Portsmouth, etc.).

1 ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Shendi, anf GerbUlus tafera, ii. 190l ;
Sammler : N. C. Rothschild.
53 cJcJ, ~;5 ? ? ; Uhehe, Deutsch Ost-Afrika, auf Mim rat.tas ; Sammler: Dr.
Demjiwolti'.

1 J, 2 ? ? ; Paramaribo, Surinam, iius eincm Rattennest ; Sammler: C. Heller.

2 cJtJ, 2 ? ? ; Paramaribo, Surinam, auf Ratten, Sammler : C. Heller.

1 ? ; oliue Fnndort, auf Sjiaku typhlus.

( 64 )

4. X. aequisetosus EikKtI. (I'JUl).

Pulex afquinelomn Eoderleio, Zoul. Julnb., Abl. %»■<. xiv. p. 504. fig. it, tab. 31. lig. 7. 10 (IWH)

( 5 , Togo, auf Criceloiiiii^).
LiHiu'ipxi/lla urijuhet'ixiix (Enderl.) Jordan A Rothschild, Parusilolot/i/ i. p. 4.5. no. 7 (1908).

Die Angaben, welche wir iiljcr diese Art in Parasitology auf (Jrniul ciner
briefliclieu Slitteiliiiig iind dcr Euderleiuscbeu Fignreii macliten, sind dahiii zu
berichtigen, dass das Metcpimerniu nicbt 4 Borsten, sondera auf einer Seito 9 nnd
anf der anderen li> in zwei Heiben geordnet trjigt. Das einzige* bekaiinte E.xc>mi>lar
stimmt so gut luit -V. cheojiis iibereiu, dass man Zweifel begeu kimnte, ob es siih
lira eine eigne Art bandelt. Da jodoch die Receptacula seminis von aequisetosus
nnd cheopis auflallige Uuterscbiede zeigen, so ist aequisetosus gewiss eine eigne Art.
Die AVeibchen eiuiger anderer Xenopsi/lla-krizn steben ja einander gleicbfalls sebr
nahe. Zum Vergleich bilden wir die Eeceptacnla von A', aequisetosus (Fig. 3),
cheopis {¥\g. 2), brasiUensis (Fig. 4) nnd nuhicus (Fig. 1) ab. Der Durcbmesser
des Kopfes des ReceptacuUims ist bei aequisetosus grosser als der Durcbmesser des
benacbbarten Teiles des Scbwanzes, wiihrend bei cheopin und besondcrs aber l>ei
iiubieus das Umgekebrte der Fall ist ; auch ist das Ueceptaculum viel kleiner als
bei cheopis.

1 ?; Mangu, Togo, von Cricetom;/s si)cc., August 1M»S; Sammler :
Fierrv.

FIG. 1.

Fig. 2. Fig. 3.

Fig. 1. — Receptaculum seminis von Xeiinjiai/lla Hiiliii-iin.
„ 2. — ,, „ ,. clicojfis.

„ 3. — T. )) »» arijum'tosim.

4. — ,, ,, „ brasilianis.

5. X. nubicus Koths. (l',iu:3).

I'Hhx n„l,k,i« Rothschild, E„l. .V,k M,u/. (2). xiv. p. 84. no. •-'. tab. ■>. fig. 10. 16 (1903) (Shendi,
Sudan).

Es befinden sicb in der Sammlnng zwei Weibchcn aus di'iu Landc Moab, die
miiglicberwcise zn nuhicus oder zu einer nahe verwaudten, noch uuliescbicbenen Art
gehiiron. Die Borsten des llinterleibs sind zalilrciehcr als bei cheopis, besonder.s
die anf deu Vciitralplattcn nnd der acbten Dorsalplattc. Der tScliwanz des
Heceptaculums ist am Anfange stark baucbig erweitert und seiu Dnrchmesser an
dieser Stelle viel grosser als der des Kciiifchens (Fig. 1). Ein dritles "^ , von .Sofia,
stiramt mit den anderen beiden ? ¥ iiberein.

1 ? ; aus einem Glase mit Ratten aus dem Lande Moab.

1 ? ; aus dem Lande lloab, von Sesokia bacheri ; Samuiler : K. Satunin.

* Vcrgl. Aachlrarj, S. S'J.

( 65 )

1 9 ; Sofia, voD Xeaokia bacheri (ob Fnadort korrekt ? — K. J. & N. C. 1?.")
] c?; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild; Sheudi, iSudao, ii. 1901, auf (jerbillus

robmtus \ Sammler : N. C Rothschild und Wollaston.

6. X. brasiliensis Baker (1904).

Piihx brasllkmts Baker, Proc. U. S. Nal. Mux. xxvii. p. 379 (1904) (Sao Paulo, Brasilien, Mus

valtuH und decunmiius).
LoemjjKijlla vigetiis Rothschild, Nur. Z,«il. xvi. p. 53. no. 1. tab. 8. fig. 3. 4 (1909) (Niger).

(57c?c?,31 ??; Uhehe, Dentsch Ost-Afrika, auf Mus rattus ; Sammler: Ur.
Demjjwolff.
Mit diesen Exemplareu wareii zahlreiche cheopis atifgemischt. Die Mannchen
des brasiliensis lassen sich von cZ/i-o/iis leicht durch das siebente Abdoraiiialtergit
und durch die Kopnlationsorgaue unterschiedeu, die bei brasilie»sis iihnlich wie
bet tortus und scojjuli/er gebaut sind. Beim Weibcheii siud die Borsten der Beine
viel kiirzer und kriiftiger als bei chi'Opis ; das Receiitacnltim (Fig. 4) ist kleiner,
hat einen verhilltuismiissig viel grOssereu Kopf als bei jeuer Art und einen kiirzeren
Scliwanz. Die Weibchen der drei anderen ahnlichen Arten brasiliensis, tortus
uud scopulifer kOnnen an den Borsten des siebeuten Abdomiualsternits und des
Ilinterbeins uuterschieden werden. Bei brasiliensis befinden sich vor der Borsten-
rcihe des siebeuten Sternits auf beiden Seiten zusammen nur 1 bis 3 Borsten, bei
tort an 8 bis 10 und bei sropuli/er 14 bis 10. Die liiugste Apikalbor.ste der
Ilinterschiene reicht bei tortus bis an die vorletzte Einkerbuug des ersten
Tarsensegments und die liiugste Borste dieses Segments reicht etwas iiber die
Spitze des zweiten Segments hinaiis, wjihreud die betreftenden Borsten bei
scopulifer und brasiliensis kiirzer siud.

7. X. isidis Roths. (1903).

Pitkx iwlis Rothschild, N'lV. Zoul. x. p. 313. no. 2. tib. .i. fig. 2. 5. (i. 8 (1903) (Harar).
1 cJ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild, Daroli, Somalilaud, auf verwildertem

Canis familiaris ; Sammler: Hilgert, Exped. Erlanger.
1 ? ; e.x coll. N. C. Rothschild, Harar, Abessinien, auf Procavia
erlangevi; Sammler : C. von Erlanger uud Neumann, April
1901.

VI. Gattung : PARIODOXTIS J. & R. (1908).

Unterscheidet sich von Xenopsi/lla hauptsiichlich dadnrch, dass der Wangen-
rand an der Umbiegungsstclle in eiueu dreieckigen Zahn ersveitert ist, iihnlicb
wie bei den Sarcopsyllideu.

Nur eine Art bekauut.

1. P. rig^genbachi Roths. (1904).

ruhx n.i;inil»i'hi Rothschild, Xuc. Zn.jl. xi. ii. C.ll. no. 7. tub. 8. fig. 111. 20, tab. 0. fig. 2) (1904)
i^Kapl.iud und Maroliko).

In AlVika iiberall hiiufig auf dem Stachelschwein.
13 c?(J, 59 ¥ ¥ ; Kissenji, Dentsch Ost-AIVika, auf dem Stachelschwein ; Sammler :

Hauptmann von Stegmann und Stein, ii. — xi. 1908.
\i'>6d, l')'i¥ ¥ ; Kibwezi, Britisch Ost-Afrika, auf dem Stachelschwein; Sammler:
G. Scheffler, 8. ix. 19i)8.

5

( fio )

VII. Gattung: ARCIIAEOPSYLLA Dampf (1008).

Sehr uahe mit Ctenocepkalu^ verwandt mul eiiio Art Zwischenstufe zwischcu
dieser Onttnng and Pidex bildend.

Der Waugenfortsatz uiiterbalb der Fiihlergnibe triigt eineu Zahn an der Spitze
wie bei ClcHOcepkalus; der Kamm am anteren Wangenrande bestebt ans drei oder
weniger Zjihnen nnd der Proiiotalkaram ist gleicbfalls rednciert.

1. A. erinacei Boncb(' (183.1).

Pulex erhiacfi Bouch^, Nora Aria ,1c. Af.-yi. Caml. xvii. 1. p. 507. no. 7 (1835).
Triclmpsi/lla cuxpitlala Kolenati, IJnr. Sue. Knl. Ross. ii. p. 33. no. 6. tab. 1. fig. 4 (1863).

12c7d', 10 ? ?; Beucba, Leipzig, anf Krinat-ois cnropaeus; 8ammler : Euderlein,
Summer 1898.

0 c?c?, 11 ? ? ; Berlin, anf Erinaceiis raropaeus.

'i 66, 1" ? V ; viwi Erinacens europaem ; Sammler ; v. Martens, 24. viii. V.)W.
\ 6, 4 ? ? ; Eutin, s,\\i ErinMeus europaetis; Sammler: Scbmidt.

2 ? ? : ohne Fnndort, anf Erinaceua I'ln-oimrm ; Sammler : Enderlein,
31. vii. KSOI.

1 <?, 1 ?; e^ co\\.^mK\w, Siwi Erinaceus europaeus.
\6. 17; dhait ¥\\nAoYt,d.\xi Erinaceus europacus.

2 ? ? ; obne Data.
8 c? c?, 11 ? ? ; Kronstadt, Siebenbiirgeu ; Sammler : E. F. Lehmann, 31. vi. lOO.x
2 ? ? ; ans dem Laude Moab, anf Mas alexandrines ; Sammler : K.
Satuuin.
23 cJo, 3."i ? ? ; I{abnsdorf bei Erkner, vom Igel ; Sammler : R. Lemm, vii. lUlU.

VUl. Gattuno: SPILQPSVLLUS B&ker (1904).
Die Weibcben dieser Gattnng sangen sich so fest, dass sie nicht abspringen
kOnnen. Sie bilden znweilen eine fr.rmlicbe Krnste am Kopfe des "Wirtes.
Ahnlieb wie bei don gleichfalls festsitzenden Sarcopsylliden sind die Labialtaster
sehr schwacb cbitiuisiert. In Enropa nnr eine Art.

1. S. cuniculi Dale (1878).

Pulex cuniculi Dale, Jlisl. Glanville\ Wvntlon p. 2;il. no. 10 (1878).

PiiUx (joiiiiicephaluH Tascheiiberg, Die Flijhe p. 82. no. 15. tab. 3. Eg. 20 (1880).

1 ? ; obne Fnndort, von Lepus cuiiimlus ; Sammler : Enderlein.
1 ?; Tanclia bei Leipzig, in plnom Fncbsban ; Sammler: Linlce,
13. iii. 1904.
\6, I ?: Meisdoif i. Harz, von Felis catusferm; Sammler: Enderlein,

20. ii. 191)1.
-J c?J, 4 ? ?; e.x coll. N. C. Botbscbild ; Tring (Herts), von l.cpas cmdculus;
Sammler : N. C. Kolbscbild, xii. 1890.

IX. Gattlxu: CTE^'OCEVIIALL.'S Kolen. (I8(j2).

Die iiicrlicr gelnprigeu wenigen Arten zeicbnen sicb vor Palex dnrcb den Besitz
eines Kammes am wagerecbten Wangenrande, eines Zalins an der Spitze des
■\Vangent'orU:itzes unteriiaib der Fiihlergnibe und eines PronotalUaiumes ans.

Die beiden hiinfigeu Arten, G. canis nnd felis, sind vielfueb miteinander
verwechselt wordeu.

( fi7 )

1. C. canis (Jurtis (1826).

Puh:i- raiiU Curtis, Brit. E,il. iii. No. 114. figs. A— F. und 8 (1826).

Die Stirn ist bei dieser Art stark gerniulet, besouders beiai Miiuuchen.

3 c?c?, 2 ? 9 ; ex coll. H. Loew, iii eiueni Koleuati-Glaschen.

2 ? ? ; ex coll. H. Loew.
:c?c?,25 ? ?; ohiie Data.
l:5<5c?,23 ??; Berlin, ans dem Neste von Parns maior; Sammler : Stitz, viii.
191U. [Das Nest war mit Hundehaaren gefiittert und enthielt
ansser C. canis audi Fulex irritaiis nnd CeratophyUtis
gallime.—K. J. & N. C. R.]
f) (?(?, 24 ? ? ; ohne Fnudort, von Caninfamiliaris.

7 ? ? ; ohne Fundort, vom Hunde ; Sammler : Malitzcli.
211 (? t?, 56 ? ? ; iiu Keller des Zoologischeu Musenms, Berlin ; Sammler: Enderlein,
5. vii. 1903.
3c? J', 2 ? ?; ohne Fnudort, vom Hunde; Sammler: Enderlein.
"i S S, 5 ? ? ; von Otoojoii megalotis, Zoologischer Garten, Berlin, 10. xii. 1901.

1 ? ; von Canis lagopus, Zoologischer (Jarten, Berlin, 1. xi. 1909.
1 c?, 2 ? ? ; Leipzig; Sammler: Enderlein, 23. ix. 1903.

1 cJ; Lougji, Kamernn; Sammler: R. Pascben.

1 ? ; Bismarckburg, Togo, 7. —23. iii. 1893.

6 ? ? ; Gobabis, Dentsch Siid-West-Afrika ; Sammler : K. Borchmann,
1. X. 1896.

2 <?(?; Para, von Nastia solilaria; Sammler: A. Schinz, xii. 1893.

2 ? ? ; Caracas, vou Felis jaguaroiuli ; Sammler : Gollmer.

2. C. felis Boifche (1835).
Pider Aih Bjuchi', Xui'd .Ifta Ac. Leoji. Carol, xvii. p. .Wa. no. 4 (1835).

Von <'. canis hauptsiichlich dnrch den viel Jiiiigeren Kopf zu unterscheideu.
C. J'elis ist hilutiger als canis, besouders in deu Tropeu ; beide Arten geheu auf
Menschen, und die iu reinlichen Hiiusern augetrotfeuen Flohe gehoren gewOhulich
zn einer dieser Arten und nicht za Pulex irritans.

2 ? ? ; ex coll. H. Loew, von " Canis domeslicus."
iS, 2??; von Felis catm domesticas, Berlin; Sammhu- : Enderlein, 1. ix.

1903.
•■> dS , 5 ? ? ; von Felis catxs dome.^^ticK.^.
\ 6, IV; olme Data.

1 ? ; ohne Lokalitiit, vou einer Fledermaus.

11 c?c?, 13 ? ? ; vom Gelbbauch Lemur, Zoologischer Garten, Berlin, viii. 1900.

3 (?(?, 17 ? ? : von eiuer Hauskatze ans Togo, Zoologischer Garteu, Berliu,

10. x. 1901.
■ 1 J, 4 ¥ ? ; von Canis atlanticus ans Tripolis, Zoologischer Garten, Berlin.
1 cJ, 9 ¥ ? ; von Felis leo, Berliu ; Sammler : Dr. Koch, 21. xi. 1903.
4c?cr, 7 ? ?, von Didelphis marsupia,lis, Nord-Amerika. [Wahrscheinlich aus
dem Zoologischeu Garten in Berliu. — ^K. J. & N. G. R.]

12 c?c?, 78 ¥ ? ; vou einer Hauskatze aus Lagos, Zoologischer Garteu, Berlin, 1900,
8 (?c?, 14 ? ¥ ; von Vloerra iiulica, Zoologischer Garten, Berliu, 3. ix. 1900.

2 ¥ ¥ ; von Felis.

( 68 )

1 (? ; im AVaarenlager von 0. Calix.

4 66, 40 ? ? ; von Actifix, vom Taxidermisteu ties Musenms erlialteu, 14. iii. I'.ilO.

1 <f , 1 J ; von Paradoxtuus ti/lleri, Zoologischer Garten, Berlin.

1 ? ; Nen-Langcnbnrg, Uentsch Ost-Afrika, an Mensclien ; Sammler :
Hani)tmann Fromm, 14. viii. lOOS.
4cJcJ, 3??; nhne Fiiiidortsangalie, von Felix mamira ; Sammler: Vi . Glas-
raaclier.
1 "i; Mpnajma, DeiUsch Ost-Afrika; im Ilaiise gnfangen ; Sammler:

Lademanu, 13. i. liJO(i.
1 ¥ ; Mombo-Korogwe, Dentsch Ost-Afrika ; Sammler : Prof. Vosseler

i. 1004.
1 ? : Mamwia-Lager, Deotsch Ost-Afrika, an einem Streifenschakal ;
Sammler : Hanptmann Fromm.
'A6S; Nguelo, Dentsch Ost-Afrika; Sammler : Prof. Vosseler, 1. v. 10i)4.

'■> 66, 7 66; Kibwezi, Britisch Ost-Afrika; Sammler : G. Sclieffler.
11 (? J, -!5 ? ? ; Kibwezi, Britisch Ost-Africa, an einem Lenparden ; Sammler:

G. Sclieffler.
Vi66, 12 ? ? ; Kibwezi, Britiseli Ost-Afrika, von einer kleiuen bunteu Katzenart ;
Sammler : G. Schettier.
4 ¥ ¥ ; Deutsch Siid-West-Afrika.
o ¥ ¥ ; Kamerun.

13 ¥ ¥; ('anicas, von Felis jaijimrondi ; Sammler: Gollmer.
4 ¥ ¥ ; San Bernardino, Paraguay : Sammler : K. Fiebrig.
"i 6 6,'Z~ ¥ ¥ ; Bergendal, Snrinam, an Hnnden ; Sammler : ('. Heller, .\. l'.Ml.^.
\ 6 6, 0 ¥ ¥ ; Paramaribo, Surinam, an einer llansratte ; Sammler : ('. Heller,

vi. 19U8.
\6, 7 ¥¥; Paramaribo, Surinam, an Hunden ; Sammler: 0. Heller, ii. I'JUS.
3 (J J, l.j ¥ ¥ ; Cavandia ?, Chile, au Canis magellankas ; Sammler : Dr. Plate.

X. Gattung : llorLoVfiYLLVfi Baker (l!)i).5).

Hierher geliOren einige Arten von den Yereinigteu Staateu, Canada und
Gronland. Sie linden sicb auf Lepus.

1. H. glacialis Taseh. (lf<bu).

I'ulex ylickdU Taschenberg, Die Flul,,- p. 7r,. no. \1. tab. :). lig. 17. 17,; (isgo) (Nonliol, Wus
Berol.).

ii 6 6, 4 ¥ ¥ (Tyj)en) ; Nordpidarfalut, von Ia'j/xs ylacialis, ii. bsTO.

16, 1 ¥ ; e.\ coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Frobisher Bay, auf cinem Schneehascn ;

Sammler : C. G. Sampson, 14. ii. I'JtCi.
li.66, t5?¥;Karajak Xnnatak, Gronland E.xpedition, auf Lcpus (jlaciulis,

2s. xi. \m-z.

'■- ■' -"^1- GATnxc: lillol'ALol'sYLLLS Baker (I'.Mi.i).

. Erne rdui amerikanische Gattung, vou der bis jetzt dreizehn Arten bekannt
siud. Eiue Revision der bis VM6 bcschriebonen Arten finilet sieh in PunisitoUxjij
i. p. 00 ff. (I'JOS). Zn den dort aufgeziihlteu 1,' Arten, von iloneu wir UUi nicht

( O'J )

kennen, haben wir letzthiii eioe weitere hinzngefiigt (/?. palpdlis, beschrieljeu in
Aiui.Sci.Xat. 1010), dereu zweites Maxillartastersegiueat doppelt so lang als das
erste ist.

1. R. cleophontis Hoths. (100+).

Piilex denp'iaiitis Rnthschild, .V..i'. Zf.ol. xi. p. 014. no. ;i. tab. 10. fig. .32 (UI04) (Buenos Aires).

1 (?, 3 ? ¥ ; San Bernaidino, Paraguay ; Sammler : K. Fiebrig.

2. R. australis Roths. (1904).

P,ile.r ,(iislnii;>' Rothechild, l.i; p. 01.3. no. 8. tab. 9. fig. 2!t, tab. 10. fig. 34. 30 (1004) (Mexico).

Wie in Paraaitology i. p. 73 angegeben, stimmen die siid-amerikanischen
Exemplare niclit genan mit mexikaniscben iiberein. Das zur Verfiigiing stehende
Vergleichsmatei-ial ist noch.nicht geniigend, nm niiher anf die Unterschiede eingeben
zn konueu.

1 S : San Bernardino, Paragnay ; Sammler : K. Fiebrig.

3. R. bernhardi Roths. (1908).

Rhi,/,nh,/ixi/lluM hfriihiinV .Jordan i<r Rnthschikl, PitirixiloJog;/ i. p. 77. no, 8. tab. 7. fig. C (KlilS)
(San Bernardino, Dkhlpjuj':).

1 c?, 3 ? ? ; San Bernardino, Paraguay ; Sammler : K. Fiebrig.

XII. Gattung: PARAPSYLLUS TS,nAer\. (1903).

Die bis jetzt bekannten Arten sind der Mehrzahl nach siid-amerikanisch, eiue
findet sich anf Pinguinen anf der St. Paul Insel und eiue andere, gleichfalls von
Pingninen, ist von West-Anstralien nnd Tasmanien beschrieben.

1. P. longicornis Euderl. (1901).

Piih.r loiif/ironilx Enderlein, Znol. J„Jii-b., Abl. %.«/. xiv. p. 553. tab. 34. fig. 8. 9. 12 (1901)

St. Paul In.sel).
PanipKiiUus loiif/iriini'x id., Wins. Erqrhii. Exjml. VidiJiria p. 201. fig. 2. tab. 39. fig. 13. 14. 10. 17

19. 21 (1903).

~ (Jc?, 1 ? (Typen) ; Insel St. Paul, von Eudyptes chrysocomc, Valdivia Exped ,
3. i. 1899.

Xlll. Gattung: MALACOPSYLLA Wey^nb. (1881).

Die zwei l)ekannten Arteu sind beide in der Sammlung vertreten. Sie fiuden
sich in Argentinien und Siid-Brasilien. Es sind GiirteltierflOhe.

1. M. grossiventris Weyenb. (1879).

PulrT r/roxsii-eiilris Weyenbergb, Bol, Ac. Nat. Cienr. Rep. Argeiil. iii. p. 188 (1879).

MaltiinpaiiUa grossiventris id., Period. Zoolorj. iii. p. 271 (1881).

.MnjopsiiU-i iuermis Wahlgren, .irkir Zool. i. p. 194. tab. 9. fig. ll-l.'i (1903).

Muhiropsyllii ani/rocli Rothscbild, A'oo. Zool. xi. p. 604. no. 2. tab. 7. fi^. 10. tab. 8. fig. 11. 12. 14-

15 (1904).
.Muliii-opsylla tubjpeulis Enderlein, Zool. .liiz. p. 139. fig. 1-0 (1905).

3 Jc?, 5 ? ? (Typen von toli/peutis) ; Salta, Argentinien, von Tohjpeutes conunis ;
Sammler : J. Steiubach.

(70)

2. M. agenoris Roths. (1004).
}falacoi,>yUa ag^Morh Bothsohild, X,.r. Zool. xi. p. GOG. no. 3. tab. 7. fig. 5-9, tab. 8. fig. 13 (1904).
] jj . ex coll. N. V. Rothschild ; Cruz del Eje, Argentinien, von

Dasijpus; Sammler : P. 0. Simon, Novemljer 1901.

XIV, Gattung : VERMIPSYLLA Scbimk. (1885).

Grosse, gewOhnlich stark behaarte Arten, die keine Kiimme und keine Ante-
pydialborsten" haben. Die Weibchen schwellen sehr stark an. Wir folgen bier
Wagner, indem wir Cliartopsi/lhi mit Vennipsfilla zn einor Gattnng vereinigen.
Es liegeu keine zwingenden Griinde vor, die hierher geh.lrigen nnd sehr nahe
niiteinander verwandten Arten generisch zu trennen.

Die Arten sind am zablreichsten im gemiissigteu Asien, anch sind eiuige aus
Kanada bekannt. Der einzige bekannte Floh, desseu normale Wirte Ungnlaten
sind, gehort zu dieser Gattnng.

1. V. alakurt Schimk. (1885).

Vermiiiaijlht alakurl Schimkewitsch, Zuohig. Aiizeiij. viii. p. 75 (1885).
2 ? ? ; King-Kol, Turkestan, vom Pferde.

2. V. globiceps Taseh. (1880).

? PuUx wipes Victor (de Motsch.), Bull. Sue. Iinper. Moscou p. 170 (1840),
Piilex glohUvps Taschenberg, Die Flohe p. 6G. no. G. tab. 2. fig. 10. 10«. 11 (1880).

Der normale Wirt ist der Fuchs. Motschoulsky veriiffentlichte in 1840, I.e.,
den Namen rulpes ohne geniigeude Beschreibnng, wenigstens sind seine Angab.^n
nicht hinreichend, nm darnach zn entschieden, ob er ylohicepa, rothachiUU oder
trichosa vor sich gehabt hat.

1 ? ; ohne Fundort, vom Fuchs.

1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew, Vulpes.

2 ? ? ; ohne Data.

5 c?(?, 5 ? ? ; Karajak Nnnatak, GrC.nland Expedition, auf Cams lagopu», 28. xi.
18i»2 (lant Originalzettel, 29. v. 189:^).

3. V. trichosa Koh. (1903).

Chaelr^m/lh, Iriehom Kohaut, Alhit. Kozlem. ii. p. 39. tab. 4. fig. 6, tab. 5. fig. 2 (1903) ; Dampf,

Sehrift. Phya.-ijkon. Gen. Kruiigxherij li. p. 42 (1910).
ChaetopgylUi hihauti Oudemans, Ent. Ilerieltl. iii. p. 52 (1910).

Die Unterschiede zwischen trichosa nud glohiceps sind in klarer Weise von
Dampf anseinandergesetzt, der anch die Nomcnklatnr richtig stellt.
1 (J ; ohne Data.

1 ? ; ohne Fnndort, von Afe/e.s.

1 ? ; Schlesien von Mi'les ffixus ; Sammler : G. Euderlein.

1 ? ; Berlin, vom Dachs ; Sammler : Grimm.

2 ? ? ; ex coll. H. Loew, in einem Kolenati-Gliischen, Meles taxu.^.

In Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. ii. p. 22. nnter no. 3 sagt Kolenati, dass sich „ Typen "
von Pulex striatus Kolen. (= hyaenae Kolen.), welche Art zu Vermipsi/lla* gehort,
in den Museen zn St. Petersburg, Berlin nnd "Wien befinden. Wir haben diese Art
nicht in der Sammlung des Berliner Mnseuma gt^i'nndcn.

• Vergl. Oudemans, Ann. K. K. Nal. Ilifmus. x.Kii. p. 0 (i;P07).

( 71 )

XV. Gattung: PYGTOrSYLLA Roths. (lOOG),

Stirn oline Hocker. Wangenfortsatz weiter nach hinten reichend als bei
Cerafop/ii/llus. Die Filhlergrnbe beim <? nicht dentlich anf das Prosternit
fortgesetzt, beim ? gescblossen. Ange bei durchfallendein Lichte nierenfOrmig.
Pronotum mit 2 oder 3 Reiheii Borsten. Bei beidea Geschlechtern zwei
Antejiygidialborsteii. Sinnesplate des nennten Hinterleibsegments stark erhabcn.

Die Mehrzahl der Ceratop/ii/lla.'!-i\hn]\i;hen Fliihe, die aus deii Tropen der
(jstlicbeu Hallikngel bekauut sind, gehOreu hierher. Australien ist besonders
reicb an Pi/ffio/igt/lla-Arten, von denen einige eiiie betriichtliche Grosse errcicheii.

1. P. torvus Koths, (1908).

PygiopxiiUa lorviis Rothschild, Eid. Mo. Mag. (2). xix. p. 77 (1908) (Ruwenzori).

Id; Bamenda, Kamernu ; Sammler : Oberlentnaut Adametz, vi. 1009.

2. P. mordax Roths. (1908).

Pl/f,!op.i>/na luonhij- RothschiKl, Prnc. Zool. Soc. Lowh 2. p. 021. no. 5. tab. 28. fig. 6, tab. 29. fig. 9
(1908) (c?& ?, Brit. Xeu-Guinea).

1 ? ; Rattclberg, Finschhafen nnd niihere Umgebnng, Dentsch Neu-

Gniuea, vom Bentelmarder ; Sainmler : Dr. Neuhauss, iii. l'.)09.

Die Seitenborsten des basalen Hiuterleibssternits sind weniger zahlreit-h als

bei nnserem einzigen ? ans Britisch Nen-Gninea. Diese Art nnterschiedet sich

von alien bekannten Vijgiop^ylla dnrch den knrzen Riissel, der nnr wenig iiber die

Mitte der Vorderhiil'te hiuansreicht.

3. P. novaeguineae Roths. (1904) (Fig. 5).

Ceriitojihi/Iliis noraeyuhimr RothachilJ, Nov. Zool. xi. p. 629. no. 21. tab. 13. fig. GCi. C7 (1904)
(Huon-Golf).
1 $; Sattelberg, Finschhafen nnd dessen niihere Umgebnng, Dontsch Nen-

Gninea, vom Bentelmarder; Sammler : Dr. Nenhauss, iii. 1900.

Fia. 5. — Kopululionsorgane ties <d von VyijUnstjUa noviu'tj^iuti ae%

( 72 )

Wir ]<enncn bisher imr /.wei Kxcraplare dos WeiLchcns, mit ileneu das obige t?
recht gut iibereinstimmt. Cliarakteristisck fiir die Art ist der stark jre^ogeue
Vorderkopf, der 13 grossere Borsten triigt (5, 1, 3, 2, 1), von denen die letzte
niiiuittelbar unter dem vorderen Teile des Aiiges steht ; nnd ferner, die gennge
Zabl Borstea anf der Aiisseuseite der Schienen. Diese Borsten bilden anf der
Hiiiterscbiene zwei Reibcn, von doneu eine dicht an don Dorsalborsten nnd die
zweite mehr lateral stelit, dann folgt ein breiter Uaniu, der 1 oder 2 oder gar keine
Borsten tragt, wahrend der Vorder- (oder Ventral-) -rand wieder mit einer Anzahl

Borsten besetzt ist.

Der Koinilationsapparat (Fig. 5) erinnert etwas an P. ahalae Rotbs. (1904),
weicht alier in den Eiuzelheiten bedeutend ab. Besonders hervorznbeben ist, dass
der bewe^licbe Finger (F) viel kiirzer ist nnd das nennte Sternite dorsal an der
Spitze einen langen kegelf<irmigen Zahn triigt.

XVI. Gattung: CERATOPIlYLI.rs Cnrtis (1832).

Die in dieser Gattung nntergebracbten Arten siud allmiiblicb so zahlreicli
geworden, dass eine Einteilung in uatiirlicbe Gruppen ein dringendes Bediirfnis ist.
Leider sind nns nocb eine Anzahl Arten, besonders ans Nord-Amerika beschriebeue,
in Natur nnbekannt nnd wir miissen deshalb die Veroffentlichnng einer Revision
der Gattnng noch hinansschieben.

1. C. hirundinis Cnrtis (1832).

CeralnphiflhiK hirmullnl^ Curti.', Ilril. KnI. ix. No. 417. no. '.1(18.32) : Rothsch.. X„e. Z.ml. vii.
p. 542. no. 3. tab. 9. fig. 4. 12. 1.5. 20 (1900).

Hilnfig in den Nestern von Clirlhlon uihica.

1 (?, 7 ? ? : obne Fundort, anf llinimlo urbica.

2 <?c?; ohne Data.

SJcJ, 3 ??; Charlottenburg, ans einem Nest von Iliniiido iirlnca \ Sammler :

Stein.
1 S ; ohne Fundort, ans einem Nest von Iliruiulo.

1 ? : obne Fnndort, von Ilirundo rustica.
1 (?, 4(?c?; Liesken bei Bartenstein, ans einem Nest von Hirumlo urbica;

Sammler : Dewitz.

2. C. Styx Rotbs. (189s).

CeralophyUm Htjr Rothschild, Nor. Z„„l. vii. p. 543. no. 4. tab. '.). fig. 5. 7. 8. IG (1!IOO) (Cnfijlc

Hiinfig in den Nestern der Uferscbwalbe.

1 (J; ohne Fnmhrt, Cot>/lfi 7ipa)-ia ; Sammler: G. Enderlein.

3 ? ? ; Oberniblingen bei Halle, im Nest einer Uferscbwalbe; Sammler :

G. Enderlein.
10 ? ? ; Scbmiedebnrg, Mersebnrg, in der Hoble dor Erdschwalbe, viii. ;
Sammler ; Moritz,

(73^

3. C. spinosus Wagn. (1003).

CeratiiplnjJUia .yiiiinsiis Wagner, Hoi: Snc. Enl. I{us.i. xxxvi. p. 287. no. I. tab. 3. fig. 5((. J, tab. 4.
fig. 13». b (1903).

IS, 1 ? ; Turkestan ; ex coll. Grnbe ; Samiuler : Fedtschenko.

Als I'ulex jyCiivi" bezeichnet, was wahrsclieinlich meint, (lass tier Floh auf
Ciiriin gefnndeu wnrde. No. 10989 der Samiulung', das cJ als mikroskopiscbes
Praparat, oluie Data, nnr mit Naramer verselien.

4. C. rusticus Waga. (1903).

Ceniln/ilii/lln'! riisllrux Wagner, Ilor. Snr. Kut. liuss, xxxvi. p. 288. tab. ?j. fig. Ik/. GA, tab. 4. fig. 14(«.

14/i (1903, Juni).
Cpratnp/n/IItis ilttlei Rothschild, Eiitninol. p. 297. tab. o. fig. 1~.^ (1903, December).

2SS, 2 ? ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rotlischild; Valloire, 8avoie, aus dem Neste von
Hirundo urhica; Sammler : K. Jordan, vii. 1010.

Bei dem einzigen Exemplar, das dem Autor von dalei vovlag, einem c?, ist
del' beweglicbe Fortsatz des Haftapparats beiderseits so von den Borsteu de.s acbten
Tergits verdeckt, dass der Verlanf der proximalen Kante nicbt deutlich zn sehen
ist. Alls dem Grnnde feblt in der Zeiehnung, I.e., der kleine zabnartige Vorsprnug,
den Wagner richtii; angegeljeu hat. Ferner ist bei dem Stuck, gleichfalls beider-
seits, uur eine lange Borste neben der Eiuleukungsstelle des beweglichen Fortsatzes
vorbanden. Wir sehen jetzt aber an einer grOsseren Reihe von Exemplaren, dass
die zweite Borste sicb bei alien vorliegenden Stiicken findet, nnd daher bei der
Type von dalei in der Phiparation abgerissen sein muss. Die Grnbe fiir die Borste
ist tatsilchlich vorhanden, wie in der Abbildung, J.c, angedentet ist. Die obere
Borste der Hinterseite des Fingers ist lilnger als die anderen nnd viel diinner.

Das achte Tergit des ? zeichnet sicb dadnrch ans, dass die obere Ecke des
Apikallappens sehr spitz ist und bakenformig vorspringt.

5. C. gallinae Schrank (1S03).

Piih.1- galliiiue Schrank, Fauna Boiru iii. p. 19:') (1803).

Ceralaphijlhis i/allhuie (Schrank) Rothschild, Xnr. Zn„l. vii. p. .'■j40. no. 1. tab. 9. fig. 1. 2. G. 111. 13.
17. 19 (1900).

Der Hiihnerhausfloh kommt in der Niihe von Wolinnngen aiu-h luiufig in
Vogelnesteru vor.

3 ? ? ; ohne Fundort, auf GallKS domi'sticns.
1 ? ; Leipzig, ans zopfdiirrer Eiche ; Sammler : Reichert.
1 ? ; Finkenkrug bei Berlin, in einem Vogelneste ; Sammler : G. Endev-
lein, 25. viii. 19Ul.
1 (J, T) ? ? ; Berlin, aus dem Neste von Parus maior ; Sammler : Stitz, viii. lOln.
21(?c?,22 ¥?; Wendenschloss bei KOpenick, ans dem Neste einer Koblmeise ;
Sammler : Stitz.
3c?c?, 3 ? ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Tring (Herts), aus eiuem Sperlings-
neste ; Sammler: K. Jordan, Sept. 1910.

0. C. columbae Gervais (1844).

PuU.r cnhiiithae Gervais, Ui^t. Nal. Ins. A/)t. iii. p. 375. no. 22. tab. 48. fig. 7. la. b (1844).
CfralojifiiiHiis columbae (Gerv.) Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vii. p 542. no. 2 tab. 9. fig. 3. 9. 11. 14. 18
(1900).

12; ohne Fnndort, von Columba lieia.
~SS; ohne Fundort, von Colmnhn " domesticn."

1 <^) 1 ? ; ex coll. Bonche : Berlin, von ('oliimljK " domrst/ca."

^74)

7. C. fringillae Walk. (1S56).

ruletfringiVaf Walker, Dipt. Bril. iii. p. 4 (1856).
1 tJ I ?; ex coll. N. ('. Kothschild; Tring (Herts), ans dem Neste vou
Passer dotnesticus; Sammler : N. C. Kothschikl, 26. v. 1901.

8. C. gallinulae Dale (1878).

CtratnpByUM gaUUmla, Dale, Hisl. GUmvilUS Wootkm p. 201. no. 1 (1878).
2t?c?; ex coll. N. V. Rothschild; Tring (Herts), aus dem Neste von

Troglodytes troglodytes; Sammler: N. (J. Rothschild, vi. 1901.

1 ?; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild; Triug (Herts), aus dem Neste von

Sturnus vulgaris; Sammler : N. C. Rothschild, 27. iv. 1905.

2 ¥ ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Tring (Herts), aus dem Neste von

Erithacus rubecula Sammler : N. C. Rothschild, 0. x. 1901.

9. C. dacus spec. nov. (Fig. 0. 7).
Eine dnrch lange Tarsenborsten nnd einen ausserordentlich langen Riissol
ansgezeichnete Art, die ausserdem dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die
Antepygidialborsten (beim <? eine, beim ? zwei) anf einem beim c? langen,
beim S kurzen Stiel stehen.

A7i;;/._Yorderkopf beim c? miissig stark, beim ? schwach gernndet, unmittel-
bar vor dem Ange eine Reihe von 4 Borsten. Hinterkopf jederseits mit eiuer
Apikalreihe von 5 bis 0 Borsten und einer oder zwei Lateralborsten ; ausserdem
stehen beim S etwa 12 nnd beim ? 5 kleine Borsten am Rande der Fttblergrnbe.
Der Rilssel sehr lang, bis anf die Tarsen reichend, der Labialtaster allein zweimal
so lang als der Kopf, die beiden letzten Segmente von ungefiihr gleicher Liinge nnd
jedes fast doppelt so lang als Segment 3, dieses so lang wie 2 und etwas
kiirzer als 1.

77^0/rfj.-.— Der Kamm des Pronotums besteht aus 20 Ziibnen ; vor demselben
eine Reihe von 14 Borsten anf beideu Seiten znsammen. Auf dem Mesouutnm
eine hintere Reihe von etwa 10 Borsten, nnd vor derselben eine Reihe vou etwa
12 kleinen, ausserdem 1 oder 2 kleine Borsten vor der vordern Reihe und eine
grossere Anzahl kleiner Haare am Basalrande ; anf der Innenseite vor dem
Apikalrande jederseits etwa 5 borstenformige Dornen ; auf dem Mesosternit 8
laterale Borsten, ausserdem einige sehr kleine Haare an der oberen vorderen Ecke.
Das Metanotnm mit einer hinteren Reihe von 14 Borsten und davor einer Reihe
von etwa 12 kleineren ; das Metepisternum hat 5 oder 6 Borsten, das Metasterunm
eine, und das Jletepimerum 8, selterer 7 (4, 2 oder 3, 1).

ylA^/o/«f«.— Anf jcdem Tcrgit zwei Reihen Borsten; die hintere Reihe enthiilt
anf den mittleren Segmenten 10 Borsten. Antepygidialborsten bei J und ? knrz ;
beim i jederseits eine solche Borste, welche auf einem walzenfOrmig erscbeinendeu
Marginalfortsatze steht ; beim ? zwei fast gleichlange Borsten, die kaum liiuger
als beim S sind und znsammen auf einem kurzen breiten Fortsatze stehen. Die
Borsteuzahl anf den Ventralplatten (anf beiden Seiten znsammen) ist wie folgt :
beim cj 2, 7, fi, 8, 8, 8 ; beim ? 2, 8, 8, 10, 10, 13 oder 14, ausserdem stehen beim ?
vor der Borstenreihe noch 1 oder 2 kleine Borsten auf dem dritten und sechsten
Segmente und etwa 10 anf dem siebenten.

Fig. 6.— Kopiilationsorgane des (J von Ceratnjihi/niis daciis.

VVII.sJ.

Fin. 7.— Ilinterleibssegmciite VII uiid VIII ile.s ? von CiiatophijUns itiu-ns.

( 'C)

Pteint. — Die Borsten siiid luiii;. Der Hinterschcnkol hat aiif der Anssenseite
eiue Keibe von 5 oder C und anf der Innenseite eine Reihe von etwa 12 Borstoii.
Die Dorsalliorsten der Tibicu sind reclit kriiftig, besonders auf der Vordertibie.
Die liiugere Borste im mittlereu Einschnitte der Vordertibie ist ebenso wie eiue
Apikalborste lang niul diinn ausgezogen uud erreiclit die Liinge der gauzeu Tibie.
Urei der Borsteu der Mittelschiene siud gleichfalls verlangert, die apikale reicht
bis fiber die Mitte des zweiten Tarsengliedes hinaus und ist nur nm \ kiirzer als
die Tibie. Die Hinterschiene hat anf der Anssenseite beim ^ eine, beim ? zwei
Reihen Borsten nnd triigt ansserdem am Vorderraiide eine Anzahl Ilaare (6 — 8) ;
anf der Innenseite der Schiene befinden sich (5 — 8 Borsten. Die langste Borste
des crsten Hintertarsensegnients reicht iiber die Spitze des zweiten Segments
hinans, nnd die langste des zweiten reicht bis gegen die Mitte des fiinften ; das
erst Paar Borsten des fiinften Segments ist lateral, wie die iibrigen.

Liinge der Tarsenglieder : c? In, 12, 9i, 7, 17; IS, 17, 10, 8, 17; 49, 32, 10, i», 19.
- ? 10, 11, 9, 6, 17; 21, 19, 12, 8, 17; 51, 32, Ki, 9, 19.

Modificifrte Sei/menfi'. — 3. Anf dera grossen aehteu Tergit finden sich 24 bis
26 lange kriiftige Borsten, von deneu 9 oder lo am obenen Kande, 4 djcht darnnter,
nnd 4 bis 6 in einer schriigen Reihe nach dem Ventralrande zn stehen. Die Innen-
seite des Tergits ist am Dorsalrande entlang geziihnelt ; die mit Ziihnchen besetzte
Fiilche beginnt sjiitz etwa an der viertletzten Borste nnd erweitert sich allmiililich
basalwiirts. Der KOrper des Haftorgans (Fig. (i) ist lang, etwas gebogen, mit
fast parallelen Randern, und ist in einen keuleufiirmigeu Fovtsatz (P) ausgezogeu.
Das Manubrinm ist fast ganz grade und seine Spitze gernndet. Der bewegliche
Fortsatz (F) ist allmiihlich erweitert nnd fast grade abgestutzt. Er erinnert in
der Form an den Fortsatz von (?. lagonti/t; Wagn. (1897). Er besitzt aber keine
stark chitinisierte Bewehrung, sondern triigt nur kurze diinne Borsten, von deneu
eine am Apikalrande nahe der oberen (vorderen) Ecke nnd drei an nnd unter der
iiusseren Ecke die liingsten sind. Der Innenrand (= Vorderrand) des Fingers ist
stark chitinisiert. Der horizontale Arm des neunten Sternits ist durch einen
ventralen Einsclinitt in einen schmiileren proximalen und einen breiteren distalen
Abschnitt geteilt. Der distale Teil ist auf der Anssenseite mit sehr zahlreichen
Hiirchen besetzt. Das achte Steniit ist schmal, triigt keine Borsten nnd endigt

jcderseits in eine lange, nacli oben gebogene Spitze (Fig. 0). ?. Das siebente

Steruit ist abgestutzt und schwach ausgerandet (Fig. 7). Das achte Tergit triigt
jederseits mehrere kurze Borsten oberhalb des Stigmas; vom Stigma abwiirts stebt
eiue nnregelmiissige Reihe von etwa 9 Borsten, proximal von denen sich noch ein
])aar kleinere Borsten finden; am Oberrande des erweiterten Teiles des Tergits
stclien zwei uder drei Borsten und am Apikal- und Ventralrande zusammeu eine
Reihe von 7 bis 9, ansserdem trifft man noch 2 oder 3 Borsten zwischen der Apikal-
nnd Proximalreihe. Die Borsten variieren in Zahl und Lange. Zuweilen sind
1—3 der Ai)ikalborsten verdickt. Auf der Innenseite hat das achte Tergit eine
Apikalreihe von 4 Borsten, von denen die unterste die liingste ist. Der ( 'ercus
(— sti/lct englischer Beschreibungen) ist kaum doppelt so lang als breit nnd ist
hinter der Mitte am dicksten. Die Borsten des Analsternits sind zahlreicii und,
mit Ansnahme der distalen, dick und dornfrirmig.

Liinge : <J 2 mm.; ? 2, 8 — 3 mm.

1 (J, 7 ? ? ; Arak^flnss, Siid-Kaukasns ; Sammler : Wolowodo, vi. 1905.
Drei der ? ¥ sind der Sammlnng N. C. Rothschild iibergeben.

( " )

10. C. fasciatus Hose. (1801).

naUc /■««■;«/«» Bosc, Bull. Sue. Philom. ii. p. IJIJ. no. 44 (I80I) ; Tasch., Dk Fliilir p. 00. no. 8.
tab. ii. fig. 13 (1880).

Ob die alteren Aiitoien ucter diesem Nainen die eine bestimmte Art verstanden,
welclie wir heutzntage sxh fasciatus anff'assen, ist zweifelhaft. Selbst Tasclienbergs
Fignr ist iiiclit geuaa genng, nm uns dariiber aufznkliiren, ob sin fasciatus iiu
modernen Sinne oder eine der zahlreichen ahnlichea Arten darstellt. Aber alles
das ist ziemlich gleichgiiltig, solange sich die Antorea dariiber einig siud, welche
kvt aXa fasciatus zw bezeiehueu ist. Wir folgeii der Anfiassung Wagners, der eiu
giites Bild des miiimliclien Haftapparats gibt {Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross, xx.xi. tab. 8.
fig. KJ).

Eiu auf Ratten biUitiger Flob, dor eiiie Uolle bei der Ubertragniig der Pest
spielt.
SSd, 2 ? ? ; ohue Fiindort, vom Frettcben, Mustela faro ; ISauimler : G.
Euderleiri, 3. vii. 1898.
1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew (nnter mebreren musculi).
24 S(S, 20 ¥ ¥ ; Reinickendorf bei Berlin, aiis dem Neste der gewohnlichen grauen
Feldmaus; Sammler : M. Ude, 28. viii. 191U. [Es ist
Arvicola arvalis gemeint ; das Nest euthielt ausserdcm
Cteriophthalmus assimilis und ayijrtcs. — K. J. & N. C. R.]

11. C. mustelae Dale (1878).

I'liter iiHishI,,,: Dale, ///'.■;/. Glanrilk's ]Vu.,lhn, p. :.".ll. no. 8 (1878).

1 S; Bredower Forst bei Berlin, in eineiu Mauselocb, worant' eine Eiile

sass, die bei Anniiherung anfflog ; Sammler : A. 8paney,
7. iy. 1909.

12. C. uralensis Wagn. (1898).

CrialiiphijUHs uiakmis Wagner, Uor. Sue. Knt. lluss. x.vxi. p. 571. no. ',1. tab. 8. fig. 3 (1898) (Ufal).

2 cJc?, 1 ? ; Berlin, von Sciurus vulgaris ; Sammler: G. Enderlein, 1. ii. 1905.
1 cJ, 1 ?; ohne Fundort, von &i«/'«6\

\ S, 3 ? 9 ; ohne Fnndort, vou Mustela maHes ; Sammler : G. Enderlein.
Id", 4 ? ? ; obne Fundort, von Muntela putorius.

3 (Jc?, 3 ? ? ; obne Fnndort, von Afartcs.

] (?, 1 ? ; in einem Kolfiiati-Gliischon, von Sciurus.

1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew, von Sorex arancus („ J'ulc.c soricis arauri ").
\ S, 1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew, als „martis" bezeicbnet.

Die Bezeicbnnng „ 7nartis " der letzten zwei E.xemplare soil vielleicbt nnr
bedenten, dass die Stiicke FlOhe „ des Martes" sind. Das Wort martis ist als
Si]eciesname von verscbiedeneu iilteren Autoren augewandt, gewObulicb obne jcde
Bescbreibuiig nnd immer obne geniigende Keunzeicliuung.

13. C. sciurorum Scbrank (lsii3).

Piile.r sriiiruriim Schrank, Fiiiina liuiin iii. p. IO."i (ISI):i).

Da in Mittel-Europe zwei einander iilinlii^be Arten auf dem Eiebliurncben
vorkoinincn, so bleibt cs sebr zweit'elbaft, welcbe Art die alteren Autoren mit

( 7ft)

sciurorum bezeichneten. Vcrinntlich beide Species {iiralensia ntid sciureium),
deren Unterschiede erst von Wagner klargestellt wnrderi.
2 <?(?, 10 ? ? ; ohne Fiindort, auf Mi/oxm nitela.
2S<i, 6 ??; Gdliren, lUigen, auf Sciurux rulgaiig ; Sammler : G. Enderlein,

211. V. 19112.
I J, 1 ? ; Berlin, vora Eichluimcheii ; Sammler : G. Enderlein, 19. ix.
1 ? ; ohne Fuudort, auf Sorex araneus.
1 ?; Harth bei Leipzig; Sammler: Riedel, 1. iii. 1899.

1 i; Ijubraer Wiild, von ^[>/o.l•us glis; Sammler: llacbel.

14. C. argus Roths. (1908).

CeititopJii/llus urgm Rothschild, Pinr. Zm,l. Soc. Loud. 2. p. 627. no. 2. tab. 30. fig. 15, tab. 31. fig. 18
(1908) (Japan, Pelaurisia Ifucoi/eni/i).

2 (Jf?, 5 ? ? ; ohne Fnndort, von I'etatirista leiwogemjs.

15. C. melis Walk. (Is50).

PuUx melh Walker, Dqit. Bril. iii. p. 5. no. 14 (18;'>6).

1 ? ; Berlin, vom Dachs ; Sammler : Grimm.
1 ? ; ohne Fuudort, von „ 3feles mlgaria."

Kl. C. rectangulatus Wablgr. (19u3).

Ccmln,,l,yll,m m-lai::i»hiln.H Wuhlgren, Arklr Zunl. i. p. 182. tab. 8. fig. 7 (UlO.'t).

1 (J; Sotun, Oberhalden, Norwegeu, auf }fi/0)ks leiiiitas; Sammler:

E. Strand, IT. viii. 19o;5.

IT. C. tesquorum Wagn. (1898).

Ca-iiliqih III Ills Irsiiiinniw Wagner, jriir. S,,,-. Kiil. liuss. xsjd. p. 564. uo. 4. tab. 8, fig. '.1 (1898)
(Taganrog, ■'■yjn rumpluluif naixicits, etc.).

1 (J, 1 ? ; Taganrog, anf Siiermoj)ltilus miiaicus, vii. 1n93.
' Wahrscheinlich Syutypen.

18. C. laverani Roths. (1911).

Ceraluplii/lhiH hii-pmiii Rothschild, Aim. Sci. Xnl. .xii. p. 2il7. no. 17. fig. 1 t'c 2 (1911).

3 (f <J, 3 ? ? ; ex coll. N. (_'. Rothschilil ; ( 'Intra, Portugal, aus cinem alten Vttgel-

neste; Sammler: K. Jordan, 2.5. iv. lulu.

19. C. penicilliger Grube (1852).

Pulex penn-Uliijet Grube, MidJeml. Sibii: Reise ii. 1. p. 500 (1852).

1 <?, 1 ?; ex coll. N. C. llothschikl ; Valloire, Suvoie, auf Microlus agrcstis
bdilloiui; Sammler: K. Jordan, vii. 191^.

20. C. walkeri Roths. (1902).

Cerutophi/lliit uxilkeri Rothschild, Enl. .1/... .lAi.r/. (2). xiii. p. 225. tab. 4. fig. 4. 5. 7 (19i)2).

I (J; ex coll. N. ('. Rothsohilil ; Tring (Herts), von Afustela rrmiiwa;

Sammler : N. t'. Rothschild, IT. x. l9iix;.

( 79)
21. C. agilis Roths. (1905).

Cenil''jfli;/Iliis aijiUs Rothschild, Nur. Znol. -xii. p. 167. no. 11. tab. 7. fig. 16. 17. 18 (1905).

1 (J; ex coll. N. C. Kotbscbilil; {'arpeuter's Creek, Mt. Cariboo, von

2seotoma cinerea drumiiiondi ; Sammler : Allan Brooks.
1 ?; e.K coll. N. C. Rothschild; Penticton, Britisch Colniubieu, von
Futoriug longicamlatus ; Sammler : G. F. Dippie, Janaar 1902.

22. C. eumolpi Roths. (1905).

Centlvjihi/llus enmoljii Eothschild, Nur. Znul. xii. p. 161. no. 6. tab. 6. fig. 2. 3. 4 (1905).

1 cJ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Okanagan, Britisch C!olumbien, " in dust

at bottom of pine tree " ; Sammler: Allan Brooks, 21. iv. 1902.
1 ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild; Red Deer, Alberta, Canada, von Taniias
borealis; Sammler: G. F. Dippie, 5. v. 1901.

23. C. poeantis Rotiis. (190.5).

CeratoiilKjUusponuitis Rothschild, Nur. Zonl. xii. p. 155. no. 2. tab. 8. fig. 22. 23 (1905).

IS; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild; Canadian National Park, Alberta,

Canada, von Say's Chipmunk ; Sammler : G. F. Dippie,
l(j. viii. 1899.
1 ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; San J^'rancisco, Flagstaff Mts., Arizona,
von Sciuriis alberti ; Sammler : Dr. Knnze, 20. vii. 1899.

24. C. acamantis Roths. (19o5).

Ceyatuphylliis nctumuilis Rothschild, Nur. Zml. xii. p. 156. no. 3. tab. H. fi^'. 24. 25 (1905).

1 cJ ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Okanagan, Britisch Columbien, von

Arctomijs Jiaviventer avarus; Sammler : Allan Brooks, 25. ili.

1902.

XVII. Gattung: MESOFSVLLA Dampf (191u).

Kanim des Kopfes hochstens ans zwei an der Spitze des Wangenfortsatzes
steheudeu Ziihnen bestehend. Pronotalkamm vorhanden. Auge rednciert. Fiiuftes
Hintertarsensegment mit vier Paaren Seitenborsten und einem fiinften zwischen
dem ersten Paare. — Dies (4enns fiillt vielleicht mit An/jj/i/j>si/!l(( Wagn. (lOiiD)
zusaramen.

1. M. eucta Dampf (l'.)lii).

Mrin,K!jtla riida Dampf, Zn„L .lalnb.. Suppl. 12. p. 609. fig. .\. 1; (1910).

l(J(Ty])e); Goloduaja Steppe, Tiirkestan, auf Abujfarja jaculm (Spring-
mans); Sammler: R. Heymons, Juli 1901.

Eiu zweites S (Syntype) der Sammlung N. C. Rothschild iibergebeu.

2. M. daea Damj)!' (lolu).

Mt»>qiMj]hi ,/,/,•,( Dampf. /..-., 6:a. fig. w— v (1910) {^ % , Transbaikalien '< auf .Icc/owy' huhar).

\ S \ ex coll. Grnbe ; Turkestan, auf Arrtomi/s hobac; Sammler: „ Fed-

tschenko y "

< 80 )

Dieses Stiick stammt bOclist walirsclieiiilich ans ilerselbcii Ansbentc, von der
die von Dampf ans dem Breslaucr Jluseniu l)('S(:hii('lK'iicii pjxemplaie lierniheu,
welclie von Uybowsiii (nicht von FedtschenkoJ gesammolt wnrden.

XVIII. Gattung : CrENOPIirHALMLS Kolen. (185C).

Da fiber die ricbtige Anwendnng dieses (iattnngsnamens noch keiiic voile
Ubereiustimmting lierrscht, i'iihreu wir an, was Kolenati in Paras. Ch'rajit. ji. 33
(1856) bei der Anfstellnng des Namens sagt.

„ Der Hausiuansfloh nnd der Maulwnrfsfloh hat vor den Ocellen kleiuc
beweglicUe Ctenidieu nnd diirfte ein nenes Gcschlecht ,, Ctcnophthalmux Koleuati "
mit mebreren andereu bildeu : Cfei/op/it/iahiiiis muscuU, C. talpae, C. cam's, G. felis
u.s.w. Der C. talpae bat ein Riickenctenidinm nnd an den Angen ein 4-zahniges ;
der C. musculi bat ein Rnckencteuidium und an den Augen ein dreiziibniges ; der
C. felis bat ein HJ-ziibniges Riicken- und ein 0-ziiliniges Angenctenidiniu ; der
C. canis hat ein 18-z;ibniges Riicken- und ein (i-ziibniges Angenctenidinm ;
dem C. erinacei fehlt das Riickenctenidinm, dagegen ist ein kurz-zweiziibniges
Cteuidinm tief nnter den Augen vorhanden nnd der zweite Halsring gezackt."

Der erste Satz euthiilt zwei Verseben. Da musculi und talpae als zwei
Flobarten anfgef'iihrt werden, so muss es iii der ersten Zeile ,, liaben " statt „ bat "
heissen. Fevner betindct sich das Angencteiudinm nicbt „ vor " sondern „ uuter "
den Ocellen, wie solcbes ja aucb ricbtig bei erinacei bemerkt ist.

Aus Kolenatis Angaben gebt nun unzweifelbaft bervor,

(1) dass er in l!S.j'J-57 untor Ctenojilithalmits allc luit Augcuctcnidiiim
versehenen FlObe verstebt, im Gegensatz zu P^^t.^- obue Ctenidieu und L'cniiopsi/llns
mit Rucken- aber ohne Augenctenidium ;

(2) dass die Genotype entweder sein musculi oder sein talpae ist;

(3) dass sein musculi ein dreiziibniges und sein talpae ein vierziibniges
Angenctenidium bat.

Der Flob mit dreizilhnigem Augenctenidiuni ist zuerst gestellt und ist daber
nacb der einfaehsten Methode der Typenbestimmung die Genotype. Wenn die
historiscbe Methode bei der Typenbestimmung angewandt wird, so ist das Resnltat
folgendes : Kolenati teilt in 1862 C'/'<V((?^>/i'///a/w(« in zwei Sektiouen, Cte/wp/tt/ialmus
und Ctenopsi/llus, und stellt den Floh mit vierziibnigem Augenctenidium in
Ctenopsi/llus. Es bleibt daber als Genotype fiir Ctenophthalmus der dreiziibnige
Floh iibrig. Das Resnltat ist also nacb beiden Metboden dasselbe.

Dass Kolenati in 18r>6-7 die Namen talpae nnd musculi vielleicbt vorwechselt
hat, kann nicbts an der Sacbe iindern, da wir nns nacb dem ricbten mtisscn, was
Kolenati sagt und nicht nacb dem, was er vielleiclit bat sagen wollen. Ubrigeus
scbrcibt er anch noch in 18.)9 (Fauna des Altvaters) dem " MaulwurfsHob,'' den
er zur Abwechselnng nun bishidcntatus nennt, ein vierzabniges Angenctenidium zn,
ebenso wie dem ,, Ilansmanslloli," den er nun als iprndridentatus auiriihrt.

Welche bestimmte Art der dreizahnige Flub von 18.")il-7 war, ist unniOglich
mit Sicherbeit ans den Angaben in Paras. Cliirojit. festznstellen nnd wir sind anf
die Bescbreibung und Abbildnng in llor. Soc. Eiit. fios.f. 1>!C2 angewiesen. Die
dort unter No. 12 als ('. l/isoctodentatus mit den Synonymen talpae und hisbidentatus
nufgefiibrte Art kann aliein in I'etracht koranien. Wir finden nicbts in der
Bescbreibung, das besser anf die eiue als die andere der ziemlicb zablreicben anf
Talpa europaea yovkomvaffatXnw FlObe mit <lreiz;ibnigem Augenctenidium jiassf, und

( 81 )

wir sehen dalier keineu Grand, \v<ariiiu die voii Wagner als bisoctodentata Kolen.
in 1900 niiher cUarakterisierte iSjiecies nicht als die Kolenatiscbc Art angenommen
warden soli, obwohl man vermuteu miichto, dass Kolenati nnter seinem „ Maul-
wurfsfloh" die hiiufigen Artea minor nnd Verwandte verstand. Unter den
Synouymen gibt Kolenati talpae Boucbt' an. Im Berliner Museum findet sich eiu
AW'ibchen ohne Kopf und Beine, etiquettiert ,, anf Talpa caropaca " und „ Bonche,"
das zu bisoctodentattis (Kolen.) Wagn. gehort.

Zwei andere Stiicke aus der Loew Sammlung, audi von Talpa, miissen uocli
in dieser Beziehung Erwithunng finden, da Kolenati unter bisoctodentatus sagt, dass
die ,, Typen in der Originalsammlung des Verfassers und des Dr. Loew in Meserits
in Posen " sind. Das eine Exemplar ist eiu Miinnchen von Palaeop&ijUa s/mil/s
Dampf und als talpae Kol. bezeichnet. Das andere ist ein gleichfalls als talpae
bezeichnetes Weibcben, welches zu Ctenophthalmus orientalis Wagn. gehort. Wenn
die ,, Originalsammlung "' Kolenatis niich erlialten ware, so wi'irde sich also ohne
Zweifel ergebeu, dass seiu bisoctodentatus ein ebensolches Gemisch war wie z. B.
sein octactenus.

Als Genotype von Ctenophthalmus betracliton wir also bisoctodentatus (Kolen.)
Wagner. Dor iiltere Name talpae ist fiir diese Species nicht vervvendbar, da es
zweifelhaft ist, ob er sich wirklich darauf bezieht, nnd er ansserdem schon durch
Curtis an eine andere Art vergeben war.

Augen verkiimmert. Kopf nnd Pronotum mit Kamm. Fiiuftes Hintertarsen-
segment mit nur drei Paar Seitenborsten, mit einem vierten Paare ventral
zwischen den Borsten des ersten.

Eine Borste an der Hinterscite des Apex der Labia]2)alpen ist bei den
Ctenophthalmus-ATten verliingert nnd stark gebogen ; es gibt jedoch auch Aus-
nahmen von dieser Kegel, z. B. ist es nicht der Fall bei dem unten erwiihuteu
C. retttiji.

Der Hinterschenkel triigt auf der lunenseite nahe der Spitze eine knrze dicke

Ventralborste.

1. C. agyrtes Heller (1896).

TyiihlupsijUa agyrtes Heller, Enl. A'lu-hr. xxii. p. 97. fig. 1. 2 (1896).

a S 6 , 6 ¥ ? ; Reiuickendorf bei Berlin, aus dem Neste der gewiihnlichen grauen
Feldmaus; Sammler : M. Ude, 28. viii. 1910.— Vergl. Cten.
assimilis und Ceratophjllasfascintus.
1 ?; Finkenkrug bei Berlin, in einem Vogelneste; Sammler: G.
Enderlein, 25. viii. 1001.

1 ? ; Kehberge bei Berlin, in einem Nesto von Bombus terrestris ;

Sammler : M. Ude, 1. vii. 1900.
\(SS; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Tring (Herts), von Microtiis glareolus;

Sammler: N. 0. Rothschild, 10. v. 1897.
4 ? ? ; ex coll. N. 0. Rothschild ; Newport, Isle of Wight, auf Microtiis

glareolus ; Sammler : H. ti. Jeffrey, 20. iv. 1910.
:} ? ? ; ohne Data.
1 (^, 1 ?; ohne Fnndort, aus einem Neste von vlri-/6'o/a; Sammler: Enderlein.
\ 6, 2 ? ? ; Leipzig, -Mxi Arvicola glarcola ; Sammler: A. Rcichert.
1 (^; Eberswalde, im Moos eines Baumes.

2 ? ? ; Guttauer Gehege, Holstein, zahlreich im Moos neben einem

Forstsumpf; Sammler: Dahl.
1 ? ; Island ; Sammler : Staudinger.

6

(82)
2. C. assimilis Tascb. (1880).

Tutihhip^'jUa ti.iihiiHU Tascheuberg, D,c Fluhe p. 95. no. 23. tab. 4. fig. 27. a. k (1880).

Sehr hiiufig io deu Nestern von Arvicola armlis.
13 <?(?, :5'.l ? ? : Tancha bei Leipzig, in einem vorjiihrigen Maiiseucste ; Samiuler :
A. l?oichert.
3 ? ? ; Fiiikenknii,' bei Berlin, ans einem Vogelneste; Sammler: Enderleiu,
~'.j. viii. 1901.
1 cf, 1:.; ? ? ; Harth bei Leipzig, aus faiilendem Gras, 20. i.\. 1903.

1 ? ; obue Fundoit, auf 'lalpa europaea emopaea.
\ S, 1 ?; ohue Fiindort, anseiuem Neste von .lrc('co/ff ; Samniler : Enderleiu.
51 cf (?, 08 ? ? ; Ileinickendorf bei Berlin, aus dein Neste dcr gcwulinlicben
grauen Feldmaus ; Sammler : M. Ude, 2S. viii. 19|o._Vergl.
C. agi/rtes niid Ccratophyllus fasciattis.

3. C. bisoctodentatus Koleu. (1802).

? C'leniijilillialmux iiiasculi Kolcuati, Pumsit. Chiropt. p. 33 (18515).
? Cleii'iiihthalmm bixliclentalm id., Fauna Allrat. p. 65. no. 41 (1859).

ClniD/ililhaliinis bisorlodcntaluK id., Uor. Sac. Eid. Rnsx. ii. p. 27. no. 12. tib. 2. fig. G. ? (1862).
Ti/phlajLti/Ha hhuclinknlata (Kolen.) Wagner, Unr. Sur. Eiit. Rosx. wxv. p. 24. no. 7. tab. 1. tig. 2
(1900).

1 ? ; ex coll. Bonche ; ohne Kopf und Beine ; Berlin, anf 'J'if/pa eiero/jaea.
Id, 1 ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Bradtield near Reading, auf Talpa
europaea; Sammler : N. H. Joy, xi. 1906.

4. C. rettigi Roths. (19o8).

CUmnphllialmus relliy; Rotbschild, /'/■",•. Zool. Soc. Loml. 2. p. 024. no. 8. tab. 28. fig. 3. 4 (1908)
(Rumanien).

1 ?; Ararat, 3000 m., rnssisch-persische Grenze, von Alactiuja tcill/amsi;
Sammler : R. Satnnin.
] J ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Malcocci, Rnmilnien, von Putoriics

desertorum; Sammler : A. Rettig, 2. i. 190T.

5. C. orientalis Wagn. (l^oT).

Tt/jililajisi/lla orkiikilit Wagner, Ilor. Sac. EiU. lia.is. xxxi. p. 5'.K. no. 5. tab. 10. fig. .J'l (18'J7).

1 ? : ex coll. Loew, als talpae bezeichnet.
Uas Exemplar stimmt mit eiuer grosseren Auzahl Exemplare iiberein, die wir
ans der Gegend von Leipzig babeu, wo sie auf Talpa europaea gefunden wnrden.
Unter sehr vielen ? ? war nur eiu eiuziges <S. Ua Wagners Fignr gut auf dieses
d passt, so nehraen wir an, dass auch die ? ¥ zu derselben Art gehOren.
MOglicherwcise ist dies der iichte {talpae = ) bisoctodentatus Koleu. (Ib62).

>>. C. spalacis spec. uov. (Fig. 8).

Das einzige vorlicgende E.xeinplar, ein S, ist dem C. cauca.iica. Taseh. (1880)
sehr ilhulich, uutcrscheidet sich aber durch die geringere Anzahl Borsten und durcb
Einzclheiten dco Kopulationsapparats. Wir gebraucheu hier den Namen caucasica

( 83 )

absichtlich. Taschenberg war der Aasicht, dass seiue Art dieselbe sei als
Motscboulskys tijphlus, welehe Bezeichnung er des Gattungsnamens Typhlopsijlla
wegen uicht gebrauchen wollte.

Einschliesslich der gegenwiirtigeii ueuen Art siud nun aber drci Arten auf
Sjjalax gefunden und es ist dalier ganz iiusicher, welche von diesen Arten ti/phlus
Motsch. wirklich ist. Unter solchen Umstiinden ist es ratsam, einen auf eiae so
ungeniigende Beschreibang gegriindeten Namen wie typhlus (nnd viele der
Kolenatischeu Namen) nicht anzuwendeu, bis durch eiu wirklich authentisches
Exemplar ihre Zugehurigkeit ausser Zweifel gestellt wird.

Bei der neuen Art tritgt der Hiuterkopf oberhalb der Fiihlergrabe vorne eine
oder zwei Borstea und in der Mitte zwei. Der Pronotalkamm besteht aus
IG Ziihnen. Das Mesonotum hat nnr zwei Reihen von Borsten, ausserdem einigc
Hilrchen an der Basis. Auf dem Metauotum und erstem und zweitem Abdominal-
tergit sind gleichfalls zwei Borsteureihen vorhanden; die vordere Borstenreihe ist
dagegen auf Tergit III bis VII nur durch 0 — 4 Borstea repritsentiert. Die
Sternite der Segmente III bis VII haben auf beiden Seiteu zusammen eine Reihe
von 7 — 9 Borsten, vor der Reihe des siebeuten JSegmeuts jederseits eine Borste,
eine solche auf eiuer Seite auch auf dem sechsten Ringe. Auf dem achten Stemit
befindet sich lU lauge und uugefiihr l(j kiirzere Borsten. Die Borsten der Tarseu
sind etwas liluger als bei C. caucasica.

Fig. 8. — Kopnkiliousorgane rics jj vou Cten«j)htlialmits gj?ala<iis.

Via. fi.— .\bdomiii;ilstemit IX des J' v.ja Ctcnuihthalmiis caucasica.

Der Kurper des Haftapparats ist iihnlich wic bei C. a(j>jrtes durch eine
Ausbuchtung in zwei kurze Fortsiltze geteilt (Fig, 8). Der obere triigt dre

( 84 )

l:uige uiul vicr (oder fiiiif?) kCirzere Borstini ; aiif iler Unterseite des nnteren
stark chitinisicrten Fortsatzes eine verhilltnismiissig diinne Borste. Der beweg-
liche Fortsatz (F) ist fast ganz wie bei caiicasica gcformt, nnr merklich schlauker,
mit weniger Hiiirbeu am Oberrando ; in der Mitte des Uuterrandes stehen zwei
Horsten zicmlich diclit bcieiuaiidcr, und eine dritte Borste befindet sich weitor
distal. Das neaiite Sternit ist viel scUmuler als bei C^ cauca.vca (Fig. 9j uiul aucb
etwas liino-er (Fig. 8). Sein Dorsalrand ist fast grade, wiihreud der Ventralrand
sanft gebogen ist, sodass das Sternit in Seitenan.sifht scblank kalmfOrmig erscbeint.

Liinge : (J L'.4 mm.

Das fiir das Mikroskop priipariorte Exemplar ist durcb den Drnck des Deek-
glii-icbens etwas ansgedehnt worden. Es war im natiirlicben Zustaude uicbt ganz
so lang wie es jetzt erscbeiut nnd war zweifellos kleiner als C. caacasica.

] cJ; Rnnowscbina, Gonv. Poltawa, Standort 76, von Spalax tijplilm ; Sammler :
V. Fofouoflf, 2. iii. 1906.

XIX. G.vrTUNi; : I'M.AKoV.'iYLLA Wagn. (I'.t02).

Mit Kopi- nnd Prouotalkamm : Angeu verkiimmert ; letztes Hintertarsen-
se^ment mit vier Paarcu Seitenliorsteu nnd eiucm t'iinften ventral zwiscbeu dem
ersten I'aaie.

Obwolil die Umgreuzung der Gattung eine kiiustliche ist, scheint es ans
praktiscbea Zweeken vorlanfig nicht ratsam, flir die verschiedenen beterogenen
Elemente, welche der Diagnose nach bier vereinigt werden, ncne Genera zn
scbafien.

1. P. intermedia Wagu. (19ul).

Ti/phhpsijlUi hitermedia Wagner, Hoi: Soc. Enl. Ru.ia. xx.'cv. p. 22. no. G. tab. 1. fig. 'J (1901)
(Paraguay).

7 t?(J, I~ ? ? ; San Bernardino, Paragnay ; Sammler : K. Fiebrig.

1 ? ; Paramba, Ecuador, von Metochirus opossum, 11. iv. 1894.

2. P. minor Dale (1878).

Cemlui'hiiUiix minor D.ile, fllxl. Gluiinllcn Woultim p. 291. no. 7 (1878).

Ti/iihl"/"<!llla (jracdh Taschenberg, Die Fluh- p. 9G. no. 2-1. tab. 4. fig. 28. 29 (1880) (partim ?),

Pulitei>jKi/lla <jm-!lh (Tasch.) Dampf, Zaol. Jahrb., Suppl. 12. p. 622. fig. E. J. I. (1910).

In einer bilbscben Arbeit iiber cinige in dicse Verwaudtscbaft gebOreude Fliibe
liat Herr Dr. Dampf, I.e., gezeigt, dass man bisber drei Artcn nnter (jracilis
vereinigt tat. In einer spiiteren Notiz erwiibnt er eine vicrte Art. Dicse Arten
liegen nns allc vor und wir kOnnen die von Dampf angegebenen Merkmalc als
sticbbaltig bcstatigcn. Die Miinncben lassen sioh, wie Dampf angegebeu, leicbt
an dcm llaftaiiparatc und die \Veibcben an dcra Umriss des sicbcnten Alidominal-
bternits erkcnncn. Bei minor bat dies Segment einen scbmalen Einscbnitt, durcii
den die obere Ecke als schmaler Lappeu abgesondert wird, bei sorccis ist der
Einschiitt sebr gross und mebr ventral, und er felilt bei similis ganz.

1 cJ; Berlin, von Putorius putorias ; Sammler: G. Enderlein.

3 ¥ ? ; Qnedlinburg a/Harz, auf Talpa europaea, 8. xi. 19U5.

( 86 )

3. P. sorecis Dale (IS5S).

Cfralujilii/Ilus snrerh Dale, Il'ist. Glniirilh'a Wonlton p. 291. no. 6 (1878).
Palaeojisylki sorccls Dampf, Zool. Ja/irh., Suppl. 12. [>. 020. fig. v. D (1910).

1 (?, 1 ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild ; Whitcombe (England), auf Sorex
vulgaris; Sammler : H. G. Jeffrey, 20. iv. 1010.

Das einzige in der Dale Sammlnng (jetzt in Oxford) unter dein Namen sorecia
aufbewahrte Stiick gehiirt zn minor {—gracilis), dem Manlwnrfsfloh. Da bei der
Beschreibnng ausdriifklich augegeben ist, dass sorecis sich anf Spitzmiiuseu nnd
7>iinor anf dem Manlwnrfe findet, die iibrigen paar Worte aber, welche als
Beschreibnng gemeint waren, ganz nichtssagend sind nnd kein E.xeinplar vom
Antor al.s " Type " bezeichnet ist, so iniissen die Namen minor nud sorecis so
angewandf; werden wie hier geschehen und wie es iins von Herra Dr. A. DampI'
vorgeschlagen ist.

4. P. similis Dam^if (1010).

l'tilae"j}.^i/lla similis Dampf, Znol. Jalirb., Suppl. 12. p. G24. fig. F. (i. ii. i. k. m. n (I'JIO).

1 (J; ex coll. H. Loew, als talpae Kolen.

XX. Gattung: LEPTOPSYLLA nom. nov.

Ctennpsylhis Kolenati 18G2, nee Kolenati 1856.

Da Cteiwpsi/lliis in 185G von Kolenati als ein ,,l)esserer" Name fiir die
Fledermansflohe vorgeschlagen war, so hatte Kolenati in LS02 keine Berechtignng,
denselbcn Gattnngsnamen fiir den Hausmansfloh zn verwenden. — Namentype :
viuscuU Dnges (1832).

1. C. musculi Dnges (1832).

PiiUx musculi Dugfes, Ann. Sci. A^«/. xxvii. p. ICO (1832).

Ctempsyllus qxuulrulentatus Kolenati, Hor. Soc. Enl. Ross. ii. p. 29. no. IG. tab. 2. fig. 8 (1SG2).

Kolenati macht die merkwiirdige Angabe, dass sein quadrideiitatm sicii
„ besonders anf Arricola arvalis " und „ auch anf der Hausmans " findet. Sein
Bild lasst gliicklicherweise keinen Zweifel dariiber aufkommen, dass quadridentatus
als Synonym zn musculi gestellt werden muss.

1 c?, 1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew, als muscidi.

If?, 1 ?; ex coll. H. Loew, als „martis nohilis" (d.h. vom Edelmarder.—
K. J. & N. C. R).
2 ? ? ; ohne Fundort, von }fHS musculus.
1 ? : ohne Data.

1 ?; )iev\\xi, Yon Mks mnscKlus; Sammler: Lichteustein.
1 ? ; Siebenbiirgen . Sammler : E. F. Lehmann.
16, 1 ?; Pulchow bei Rewahl, Pommern, von der Hausmans; Sammler:
R. Lemm, vii. 1010.

XXL Gattung: IIYSTPICIIOPSYLLA Tasch. (1880).
Der grosste europiiische Fioh.

(86)

1. H. talpae Curtis (1820).

Pulrx taliMf Curtis, Brit. Kiil. iii. No. 114. fig. (182G).
Pulex lerreslri>: JIacquart, Aim. Sri. Xal. xxii. p. 465 (IR.Sl).
Piilee obUmcfjis Ritseni.1, Tijihrhr. Eiil. (2). iii. p. 173 (18GH).
HyatrlchriptyUa narheli Galli-Valerio, Arclih: Parasil. iii. p. 1"; (I'JOO).

4 ? ? ; Harth bei Leipzig, von einem toten Reh (Irrtnm ?— K. J. it N. ( '. K) ;
Sammler : Reichert.
1 J, 2 ? ? ; Tancba bei Leipzig, ans einem vorjiihrigen Manseneste ; SaiBmU-r :
Reichert, 13. iii. 1004.
1 ? ; Noniienberg (?) bei Leipzig ; Sammler : Reichert, Sept. 190(i.
1^; Holzhansen bei Leipzig, in einem Mauseueste, 25. x. 1903;

Sammler : Enderlein.
1 (J; Rehberge bei Berlin, ans einem Neste von Bomhus tivrestns;

Sammler: M. Ude, 1. vii. 1004.
1 ? ; Hinkekley Denkmal bei Berlin, anf Mks affrari/is ; Sammler :

Arno Schnlz, 1. i. 1884.
1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew ; Posen, 4. .\i. 1843.
1 (J; Reinickendorf bei Berlin, ans dem Neste der gew.ihnlichcn granen

Feldmaus; Sammler: M. Ude, 28. viii. lOlO. (Vergl.
Ceratoph. fasciatxs.)
1 ? ; ohne Data.

XXll. Gattung : STErilANOriUCl-S Sknse (1803).

Mit Jli/ntrichopsi/lla verwandt. Die dnrcli die sehr merkwiirdige Kojif-
entwickelnng huchst eigentiimlichen Arten linden sicli in Anstralien mid Siid-
Amerika.

1. S. dasyuri Sknse (1803) (Fig. 10).

Stephanocirnia dasyuri Skuse, Rec. Auxtrol. ,l/«». ii. p. 78. tab. 17 (1893).

1 ? ; ohne Fnndort, von Miis 7nHSCulti.s ans der Hanptsammlnng.
Die Art zeichnet sich dnrch eine sebr merkwiirdige Entwickelnng der Spitze
der Labialpalpen ans, die sonst uirgends nnter den Siphonapteren angetroften ist.
Die iinsserste Spitze der Labialtaster ist bei alien Flohen dnrcbsichtig-hiintig
nnd dient als Tastorgan. Ansser den gewiihnlichen feiuen Borsteu, die an dem
Apikalrande des stiirker chitinisierten Teiles des letzten Segments stehen, findet
man zuweijen auf dem hilntigen Apikalteile winzig kleine Tasthilrchen. Bei
Sti'ji/iaiiocircK.^ dasym-i, iind zwar bei beiden Geschlechtern, triigt der Lippen-
taster aber drei breite, ansserordcutlich diinne Anbiinge, welcbe die Form von
Schmetterlingsschuppen haben (Fig. 10). Jede Schnppe steht in einer Grube uud
zwar ist die Verbindung mit dem Taster nicht starr, sondern gelenkig, sodass die
Schnppen sich zur Seite biegen kdunen, wenn die Spitze des Tasters gegen die Hant
des Wirts gepresst wird. Diese Schnppen sind offeubar moditicierte Borsten. Die
Zahl nnd Liinge ihrer Ziihne ist niclit konstant.

Die Umwandlnug von Borsten in solche Schnppen ist anch sonst bei Flohen
beobachtet worden nnd zwar bei Clnastopsylla numae Roths. (1904) von Afrika.
Das (J dieser Art triigt eine Anzahl Schnpiu-n anf dem 0. Abdominalsternit, die

( ST )

ileneii an der Spitze des Russels von Steplianocirciis dasi/nri stchenden ganz
ahnlich sind.

Fig. in. Apex ties Lippentasters von Stej>lianoc'irctts thisyiirl.

2. S. simsoni IJoths. (190.")).

Slfjjliiiiiorii-ciiK shiisoni Rothschild, 7?n^ Mn. Mag. (i). xvi. p. 61. no. 2. tab. 1. fig. 2. 3. 5 (1905).

3 ? ? ; ex coll. N. C. Rothscliild; Emerald, Victoria, Australia, von Mus
assimilis; Sammler : E. Jar vis, 12. -x. 1906.

XXIII. Gattung: /SC/AVOPSraZCZ-S Westw. (1833).

Die von Kolenati besclirielienen Fledermausflohe bilden den Gegenstand einer
besonderen Arbeit in der gegenwiirtigen Nummer von Novitates Zoologicae (S. 48).

1. I. octactenus Kolen. (1850).

CeratnpsijUus oclaclemis Kolenati, Parasif. Chiropt. p. Zl. no. 1 (1856) (partim).

1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew, von " nannugo."

2 ? ? ; in einem Kolenati-Gliischen, von " nannngo."
1 ? ; oline Data.

2 6S, 2 ? ?; ex coll. N. C. Rothschild; Tring (Herts), anf Scotophilus pipi-
streUus; Sammler: K. Jordan, Id. v. 1910.

2. I. intermedius Roths. (1898).

CirntnpsyUa inlermedius Rothschild, A'ov. Zuol. v. p. 543. no. 7. tab. 17. fig. 15 (1898).

1 ? ; ex coll. H. Loew.
1 ? ; Lnsitania.

Dieses portngiesiscbe Exemplar mag eines der beiden Stiicke sein, welche
Taschenberg {Die Flbhe 1880. p. 89) unter dem Naruen Fulex reptans vorgelegen
habeu. Der Name Pidex reptans ersclieiut zuerst in Illiger's Magazin fiii-
Inse/itenkunde Bd. iv. p. 229 (1805), wo er jedoch als Name fiir den Sandfloh
gegeben wird.

( 88 )
3. I. hexactenus Kolen. (1850).

Ceralnpsi/llua hexactenus Kolenati, /.c. p. 31. no. 2 (ISfjCi).

S cJcJ, 2 ? ? ; in Kolenati-Gliischen, von " muninis" ?.. T. e.\ coll. II. Loew.

1 cf , 2 ? ? ; ex coll. H. Loew.

1 cJ ; ohne Fnndort ; Sammler : G. Euderleiu.

Das fiinfte Abdominalsegment triigt zuweilen eiuige Zilhne, wekhe die Ueste
eines siebenten Kammes darstelJen.

XXIV. Gattung : MYODOPSYI.LA gou. nov.

c??. Maxillen abgestutzt wie bei Ischnopsyllus. Der Angeurest deutlich,
liber demselben cine lange Borste am Rande der Fiihlevgrnbe. Erstes Segment
des Maxillarpalpns liinger als zweites. Nnr das Pronotnm mit- iiobtcm Kanim,
alle anderen Kilmiue bestelieu ans den verdii'kten Borsteu dor jiostmedianen Reihe
der betreffenden Segmente, der Rand der Segmente bis an die Borstcnreihe
ansgeschnitten, die Borsten der falschen Kiimmc beim c? kiirzer nnd dicker als
beiiu ?. Siebentes Abdominaltergit jedi-rseits mlt einer langen Apikalborste,
welche auf einem kegelfrjrmigon Fortsat/.e des Raudes steht. Epimernm des
Mesotborax mit spitzem Apes. Erstes Vordertarscusegment so lang wie das
zweite. Anf alien Tarsen steht das erste Borstenpaar des fiinften Segments ventral
zwiscben den Bdrsten des zweiten Paares ; die Borsten des dritten Paares
veutralwJivts verscboben. In deni erston, zweiten nnd apikalen Eiuschnittc
anf der Riickkante der Tiliien stehen je zwei divergente Borsten, in den anderen
Einscbnitten findet sicb nnr eine lange Borste, wiibrend die betreiTende kiirzere
von dem Einscbnitt mehr oder weniger entfernt steht; diese kiirzeren Borsten
dentlicli dicker als die Seitenborsten der Tibien.

Wcicht von Ni/ctrridop.v/lla banptsiichlich in den Maxillen nnd dem 7.
Abdominaltergit ab. Die Beborstnng der Tibien iihnelt etwas der von
Nijcter)dops>/Ua.

Genotype : iiisignis Roths. (1903).

1. M. insignis Roths. (1903).
Ceratopsylla mslf/iuti Rothschild, N„i: Zool. x. p. 319. no. 4. tab. 9. fig. 8-12 (190.3) (Ontario).
1 c?, 1 ? ; von Am. bor. (America borealis).

XXV. Gattung: yyCTEUIDOPSYLLA Ondem. (1908).

Maxillen in Seitenansicbt zngespitzt, vorne viel liinger als hinten. Ange
dentliclier als bei Ischnopiii/llas, oberhalb desselben keine lange Borste an der
Fiiblergrnlie. Wangenfortsatz mit rundem Apex. Erstes Segment des
Maxillartasters so lang wie das zweite oder kiirzer. Epimernm des Mesotborax
;ini Apex abgestntzt oder etwas ansgerandet. Abdominaltergit 7 mit fulschem
Kamm, ohne Antcpygidialborsten. Alle dorsalen Tibieneinschnitte mit je einem
I'aare divergierender Borsten. Erstes Vordertarsenglied so lang wie das zweite
oder liinger.

Alle bekannten Arten liaben fiinf Kiimme, von dcnen aber die drei mittlem
bei N, dictenuB nnr ans ein puar ganz knrzen Ziibiun besteben.

( 89 )
1. N. eusarca eusarca Damjif (1908).

N;/fteri(lnp.i>/lhi eiisarm Dampf, Seliri/t. rinjs.-iilun. (les, Kijnigsb. xlviii. p. 3118 (lOOS).

\ 3 ; ex coll. Kolenati, anf Vcrsperugo discolor; als tctracteiius

bezeichnet.
1 ? ; ex coll. Kolenati ; als pentacfcnus bezeichnet.

2. N. pentactenus Kolen. (18.50).

CemUipsylhi. peiducle.iius Kolenati, Pamsil. Chirnpi. p. 32. no. 3 (1856) (partim).

1 ? ; oline Fundort, von „Vespcitilio auritus "; Sammler : G. Enderleiu.

3. N. longiceps Roths. (1908).

Nyderklnpsylla longkeps Rothschild, Entom. xli. p. 281. tab. 8. fig. 1-3 (1908).

~SS, 3?¥; Berlin, von Vesperus serotinus; Sammler: I{. Hoymons, 1. ii.
1911.

In unserer Abbildnng, I.e., die nach einem aufgehellten Exemplar angefertigfc
wnrde, sind die Borsten, welche anf der Stirnhiilfte des Ko])fes zwischen nnd etwas
oberhalb der zwei laugeu Borsten stehen, etwas zu klein. Das 7. Abdominalsternit
des ? variiert etwas im Umriss, indem die Ausrandung bei einigen Stiicken viel
flacher als bei anderen ist nnd der Rand nnterhalb der Ansbnchtung znweilen
wieder deutlich ansgerandet erscheiut.

J!fac/<tr(/(/.~-J)as Entomological Research Committee, Tropical Africa, hat
kiirzlich ein zweites Exemplar, gleichfalls ein ¥ , von XriwpstjUa aequisrlosus
(vergl. S. 04) erhalten, das vou Dr. Staunns im Miirz 1011 liei Zomba (Nyassaland)
anf Gricetomys gefunden wnrde. Das Stiick betindet sicli im British Mnseum.

( 9« )

SOME NEW ANTBRIBIDAE FROM THE ISLAND OF
ST. THOME, BAY OF BENIN.

By K. JORDAN, Ph.D.

ri'^HE three species which are here tleseribed were collected in lOni.i by Monsieur
-L A. Mocqnerys.

1. Xylinades thomasius spec. nov.

?. Nearest to .Y. montamis Kolbe (1894) and lanugiconiis Dalm. (1833).
Antenna longer and slenderer than in the species mentioned, the third segment
especially being longer. The false mentum without a groove along the edge of the
round central sinus.

Pronotum widest behind the middle, almost gradually narrowed from the
widest point to the ape.x ; the apex itself broadly excised, which is not known
of any other species, and the coarsely punctate-rugate disc posteriorly much
depressed ; dorsal carina rounded, interrupted in the centre, continuous with the
lateral carina, which gradually fades away in the middle of the side instead of
being continued to near the apical margin ; the yellowish tomeutum dense along
the middle line, no black spots.

Elytra coarsely punctured in the stripes and anteriorly granulose, depressed
along the suture, the yellowish tomentum dense at the suture, before and behind
the middle and at the apex, there being no black spots ; the stripes not developed
in the middle of the side, there being here an irregular, more or less smooth space
(due to pressure iu the pupal stage ?).

Prosternum similar to that of X. montanus Kolbe (1804), bearing posteriorly
a tubercle behind each coxa, but not in the centre. Abdomen more strongly
jiunctured than in the allied species.

Fore- and midtibiae much thinner than is usual in this genus, incurved on
the inner side with the apex widened ; foretibia without distinct groove on the
dorsal side, the groove being but feebly marked also on the midtibia. Tarsi
slenderer than in the allied species.

Length (exclusive of head) U mm.

One ?.

The excision of the apical margin of the pronotum, the short lateral carina,
and the peculiar shape of the fore- and midtibiae may possibly be malformations.

'i. Gynandrocerus thomensis spec. nov.

S. Similar to G. antennalis Lac. (1860). Rostrum as in that species.
Antenna longer, segment 7 much slenderer, being but little broader at the apex
than segment 6, segment 8 triangular, one-fourth longer than broad, strongly and
gradually narrowing from apex to base, 8 to 10 also longer, lo being less than
twice as broad as long.

Pronotum punctured almost throughout, the juinctures shallow.

Elytra slightly more depressed at the suture than in G. antennalis, the

(91 )

punctures larger, the .yellowish tomentnm more evenly distributed over the whole
surface in smaller spots which are more or less connected with one another.

Punctures on prosternnm larger than in antennalis.

Length (exclusive of head) 13 mm.

One cf .

3. Phloeobius hypoxanthus spec. nov.

c? ? . A large lateral patch on the prosternite extending anteriorly on to the
npperside, another on the metasternite, and a third situated on abdominal segments
2 to 4 fulvous-orange; the tomeutum of the head the same colour, while it is
clayish buff on the pronotum and grey on the elytra. On the pronotum five small
yellowish white tufts, two being placed on each side of the disc one behind the
other, and a third halfway between these and the apex of the lateral carina.
Similar small dots of raised pubescence, but almost pure white, on the elytra in
interspaces 3, 5, 7, 9 ; lateral margin feebly chequered. Under surface, apart from
the lateral patch, sparsely pubescent grey, appearing almost black.

Frons with a shallow mesial groove which extends on to the rostrum and
is accompanied by two flat ridges. Occiput and frons coarsely punctate-rugate ;
distance from antennal groove to frontal corner of eye somewhat shorter than the
width of the frons. Antenna in S without club, all the segments being slender,
the last long and thin, about as long as segment 3 ; in ¥ 10 longer than broad,
11 half as long again as 10.

Pronotum coarsely and densely rugate, depressed posteriorly, the hinder angle
a little over 90°.

Elytra rather strongly slanting in lateral aspect, strongly punctato-striate,
interspaces 3, 5, 7, 9 feebly elevate; no apical patch.

Prosternite with two transverse grooves, one being situated close behind the
apical edge, which appears elevate in consequence, and the other before the coxal
cavities.

Length (exclusive of head) 8i to 10 mm.

3 c? cJ and 2 ? ? .

(92)

NEW ANTIIBIBIBAE.

By K. JORDAN, Vn.Tt.

1. Phloeotragus atlas spec nov.

S. Resembling P. j/rasiii^s Dnv. (1S92), from which it is easily distingnished
by the complete absence of snbapical tubercles on the elytra.

Uppcrside of head and elytra greyish green ; pronOtnm, basal edge of elytra,
pygidium and underside (with the exception of the proximal portion of the head)
ochraceons buff ; antenna greenish grey ; legs and abdomen buff, faintly greenish.

Triangular apical impression of rostrum deeper and longer than in P. prasiiuis.
Frons strongly convex, forming an obtuse angle with the rostrum in a side view.
Antenna strong, even thicker than in P. poliopras Jord. (1010), densely covered
with a fine pubescence, underside densely grauulose, apical segments black.

Prothorax broad, as strongly rounded as in P. prashms, broader at the base
than at the apex, without a prominent lateral apical fold ; notum densely irrorated
with black scales, at the apex and base the usual pairs of black spots ; carina
not interruj)ted in the centre, forming almost a semicircle with the lateral carina,
which reaches to the middle of the side, dorsally convex before joining the lateral
carina, a distinct short longitudinal lateral carina at base.

Elytra short, cylindrical, irrorated with black scales, which arc more numerous
behind the middle and before the apex, shoulders black, no lateral and apical
black spots as in P. prasinus ; base more deeply incurved than in that species;
punctures smaller, hardly visible on the declivous apex, third interspace not elevate,
there being no trace of subapical tubercles.

Prosternura declivous, with deep groove before the coxa, but no distinct
transverse impression in front of the fold which limits the groove, at the side a
black stripe.

A spot on middle of hindfemur, a subbasal and an apical spot on all the
tibiae as well as the apical half of the second tarsal segment and the whole third
brownish black.

Length (exclusive of head) 'i\ mm.

One cJ from the " Congo," no special locality being given.

2. Hypselotropis grandis spec. nov.

(?. In colour closely agreeing with Pti/choderes mixtus Jekel (1855), with
the exception of the head, which is more grey.

Rostrum strongly dilated at the apex, dorsally with three carinae, the
median one feebly developed and extending on to the frons, the lateral ones
higher, but not marked on the frons, at the side of the lateral carina a longi-
tudinal groove, no other grooves between eye and antenna, the sides of the
rostrum being coarsely punctured ; on underside the rostrum covered with a rather
long tomentum, a strongly developed median carina accompanied by a groove on
each side, laterally to which there is another groove as continuation of the
antennal groove. Antenna more than twice the length of the body, the proximal

( 93 )

segments compressed and somewhat grooved lougitndiually nearly as in Pbjfho-
(leres depressiis Jekel (I'Soo), segments 7 to 'J thin, 8 and 9 each about as long
as 2 to 4 together, 10 and 11 short.

Prothorax as in Pti/choderes mixtus, but wider and the sides more rounded,
anteriorly with conspicnous black spots. '

Elytra also as in P. mixtus, the seriated punctnres less numerous and the
apical callosity vestigial.

Underside grey, almost white, jn-othorax with a black stripe below the lateral
carina and the tibiae with two black spots, one near the base and the other in
the middle ; process of mesosternum widest at the apex, which is rounded ; anal
stcrnite truucate-sinuate.

Length (exclusive of head) 2-") mm.

One cJ from Manuos, Amazons.

3. Mecotropis duplicatus spec. nov.

(?. Nearest to M. crassicollis Jord. (Is9.5), bearing a pilose, round, central
spot on the metasternum. Slenderer than crassicoUis. The uppersidc densely
variegated with grey, the markings being diffuse. Rostrum somewhat narrower
than in crassicoUis, on underside with two deep grooves behind the false
mentnm.

Prothorax less rounded at sides than in crassicoUis, but more so than in
cinerasceiis Jord. (1808), somewhat longer than broad, rather deeply impressed
mesially at the carina, the prominent central tubercle of crassicoUis very feebly
indicated.

Scutellam rouuded-triangalar. Elytra as short as in crassicoUis ; the groove
bounding the raised basal margin not continued to the shoulders ; in posterior
half each interspace with an additional row of punctures, with the exception of the
sntural and lateral stripes.

Prosternite slightly impressed in front of the coxae, uot grooved as in
crassicoUis. Mesosternal process ronnded-triangular, narrower than in crassicoUis ;
last abdominal sternite rounded, with a very faint indication of a small central
sinus.

Femora aud tibiae sparsely pubescent grey, without markings ; tarsi black,
first and fourth segment densely pubescent grey with the exception of their apices,
first hindtarsal segment less than twice the length of fourth, second as long as
fourth.

Length (exclusive of head) 13 ram.

One S from the Matang Road, Sarawak, 27. vii. 1000.

4. Mecotropis annulipes spec, nov,

(^ ? . In structure hardly distinguishable from M. cinerasceiis Jord. (1808), but
the coloration of the legs constanlly ditt'ereut. In cinerasceiis tlie tibiae bear
each a broad clayish ring at the base and another narrower one near the apex,
and the tarsi have a ring of the same colour near the apex of the first segment
and a broader one on the claw-segment. In annidipes, on the other hand, the
fore- and midtibiae are more diffusely grey, the first tarsal segment bears a grey
ring at or near the base, the second segment is grey with the exception of the
apex, and the claw segment is (jnite black.

(94 )

The groove bonnJing the raised basal margin of the elytra is deeper aromul
the shoulder angle than in cinerascem ; the pnnctnres on the disc are rather larger,
and the discal interspaces are without any distinct row of jjunctures. The elaw-
segmeut of the foretarsns, which is pilose beneath in the 6 of cinerasceiis, is much
less hairy in (nimtUpi'S.

Several pairs from Mt. Kina Bala, Sarawak and Poutianak.

5. Mecotropis icanus spec. nov.

(??. Differs from all the other known species in the structure of the
rostrum.

Black, pubescent tawu)'-olivaceous above, the head, pronotum and elytra
variegated with white, the elytra especially before the middle and at the ajiex,
the declivous area being white for the greater part. Rostrum as long as it is
apically broad, with a deep mesial sulcus, which is continued on the frons, being
deepest and widest between the eyes ; antcnnal groove large, almost reaching tlie
eye, its upper margin elevate, forming a prominent carina which is continued
to the eye, being higher than in the nearest allied species, M. coclcstis Jord. (lf>'J.s);
on underside the genal groove (below eye) is continuous with the ventral groove
situated behind the false mentum. Eye coarsely granulose, entire, with a very
shallow emargination. Antenna of S long, segment 1 strongly asymmetrical,
10 aljont half the length of 11, three times as long as broad, 9 three times as
long as 11 .

Protliorax broader than long, convex, almost as wide behind the apical
constriction as at the dorsal carina, longitudinally depressed above, with the
centre raised transversely ; dorsal carina nearly straight ; the white markings
rather sharply defined, connected with one another in centre of the pronotum, the
base tawny-olivaceous for the greater part.

Scntellum snbqnadrangnlar, widest behind. Elytra cylindrical, hardly at all
depressed at the suture, with the exception of the declivous apex ; elevate basal
edge suddenly narrowed at humeral callosity ; the seriated punctures small, the
rows very slightly imjjressed.

Underside tawny-olivaceous, with diffuse whitish spots, which are most
numerous on the abdomen, i'rosternite with sliarjily marked 3-shaped groove
before the coxae. Process of mesosternum broader than in .1/. coelestis Jord.
(Is98). Femora and tibiae olivaceous, the tibiae white before the black apex;
tarsi black, first segment white excepting the ajies, base of second also white,
first foretarsal segment half ( (J) or one-third (?) the length of the foretibia, first
hindtarsal in both sexes very little longer than the claw-segment.

Length (exclusive of head) II to 12 mm.

One pair labelled Malacca.

0. Xenocerus callimus spec. nov.

i. Tliird segment of antenna twice as long as first. Black above, with the
markings buff. Head with the usual three stripes well marked. Prothorax
widest jnst in front of the dorsal carina, the latter evenly curved ; three vittae,
of which tlie median one is twice the width of the others. Elytra : a broad
sutural stri|ie which extends from the base to beyond the middle and occujiies
a little over two interspaces on each elytron, posteriorly it curves obliijuely

( ^^ )

lateral! and termiaates in the sixtli interspace ; this broad sutiiral vitta is continued
to the apex of the elytra by a thin sutaral line which occupies only half the
sutural interspace ; a discal stripe joins the sutural one at the basal margin
and terminates before the middle ; a rather broad lateral stripe runs from below
the shoulder parallel . with the outer margin to the apical sutural angle, the
inner edge of this line slightly irregular. Pygidium buff, with black, triangular,
median stripe which is about one-third the width of the pygidiuiu proximally.

Underside white, apices of tibiae and of tarsal segments blackish.

Length (exclusive of head) 17 mm.

One S from the Andaman Islands.

T. Acorynus flavipunctum spec. nov.

Black ; the pubescence slate-colour and very short ; markings very inconspicuous,
with the exception of a rounded spot in front of the scutellnm, which is yellow.

Rostrum not quite twice as long as it is broad at the base, with five carinae,
which are sharply defined from the base to near the apex, where tlio three median
carinae widen out and disappear, the middle one being the longest ; the lateral
carina joins the cariuiform edge of the antennal groove close to the apex of the
rostrum ; punctures in between the carinae and at the apex large. Frons anteriorly
in S a little narrower and in ? a little wider than the interspace between the
central carina and the next, mesially cariuate. Antenna black, segments 1-8 more
or less rnfescent at base and apex, 3 = 4 or even a little shorter, 9 twice 8, lo = 8.

Pronotum longer than broad, densely punctured, especially at the sides, but
not rugate, no transverse groove ; a median dash behind apical margin, two
small spots towards the side one behind the other, a spot above the lateral
carina and another at the basal angle grey, inconspicuous, a spot before the
scutellnm much larger, yellow.

Elytra more than half as long again as broad, rather strongly depressed at
base, the callosity therefore prominent anteriorly, slaty grey for the greater part,
with short black lines, which form on each elytrum a patch before and another
behind the middle, there being also some indistinct black spots at the side.

Underside with very short slaty-grey pubescence. Tibiae with a s])ot proximally
to middle. Last abdominal steruite carinate in i.

Length (exclusive of head) 0} to 8 mm.

One c? and three ? ? from the Kina Balu, North Borneo.

In facies similar to A.distiiKjaendiis Jord. (18U4) aud A. luteolutus Jord. (1804;.

8. Acorynus homospilus spec. nov.

S . In the markings of the upperside similar to .1. gporadis Jord. (l'Jil3), but
very ditl'erent in structure.

Black, pubescence of upperside dark brown. Bostrum shorter than broad,
with three prominent dorsal carinae which terminate beyond centre, where the
rostrum is rather deeply impressed, the two lateral ones of them convergent
anteriorly, at sides a thinner carina which is separate from the cariniform edge
of the antennal groove. Frons anteriorly a little less than half the width of an
iutersjjace between the dorsal carinae of the rostrum, with a thin mesial carina ;

( 90 )

sides of lieaJ, greater part of i-ostniiu and a narrow, iiitorrn])ted liorder to the
eye gre)-. Antenna characteristic, nifescent with darker club, segment 3 a
little longer than ~', mnch shorter than 10, this a little shorter than t), 3 to
8 gradually decreasing, 8 less than twice as long as broad.

Pronotuni coarsely imuetured, as are the head and rostrum, broader than
long, widest just in front of the dorsal carina, the sides slightly rounded,
two white median dots, one behind the apex and the other behind the carina
and slightly reaching beyond it, on each side tive more white dots, two
standing between apex and carina, two at the lateral carina and one behind
the carina, this last being tlie largest of all ; dorsal carina sliglitly rounded,
evenly flexed forward at sides, there being no lateral angle ; no basi-lateral
longitudinal carina.

Elytra snbcylindrical, shorter than in .1. sporadis, each with a dozen
sharply defined white dots and a few specks, margin at shoulder also white,
these markings placed almost exactly as in A. sporadis. Pygidium broader than
long, rounded, with white triangular spot at each side.

Pubescence of underside greyish white, slightly and very inconspicnously
variegated with brown, the white pubescence condensed to form spots at
sides of abdomen. Prosteruuni and sides of meso-metasternnm punctured.
Abdomen ((?) mesially flattened, with a prominent, conical, sharply jwinted
tubercle at base of last segment. Femora grey for the greater part, tibiae
brown, with two sharply defined grey rings, one near base, the other beyond
centre ; tarsi brown, first segment grey with the exception of the base.

Length (exclusive of head) 01 to 8 mm.

3 c? <? from " Malacca."

'■>. Acorynus caenonus spec. uov.

cj ?. In colour and pattern almost the same as .1. punctatus Jord. (1804),
but sharply distinguished iu structure as follows : Frons with distinct mesial
carina, in S strongly narrowed, anteriorly about one-third, and in ? two-thirds
the width of an interspace between the carinae of the rostrum. Segment 8
of antenna gradually widened from base to apex iu both sexes, not being
jiroximally nearly as wide as apically, the preceding segment also elongate-
triangular. Carina of pronotum nearer the basal edge than in ^1. punctatiu ;
the clayish or rufous lateral area of pronotum with black dash or interrupted.
The last abdominal sternite of S with tubercle or ridge, which is absent iu
A. punctatm.

Our specimens represent three distinct subspecies :

a. A. caenonus gitonus snbsp. uov.

J?. Clayish lateral area of pronotum with black curved line; dorsal
spots of elytra all small, narrow, the two situated in the middle on strijies
3 and 4 separate from one another, clayish shoulder-spot posteriorly incised ;
clayish ring of tibiae mnch smaller than black apical ring, at least on fore-
and niidtibiae; fnretibia of <S not humped at apex : tubercle on last abdominal
sternite of 6 pointed.

One pair from Sumatra : Palembaug.

( 97 )

h. A. caenonus caenonus.

(? ? . Clayish lateral area of prouotum with black line or spot; dorsal
markings of pronotum and elytra a2ipreciably larger than in the preceding sub-
species, shonlder-spot of elytra rounded, entire, median spots on stripes 3 and

4 merged together to form one ronuded spot ; clayish or rnfons portion of
tibiae larger than black apical portion ; apex of foretibia distinctly hnmped in

5 on innerside ; tubercle of last abdominal sternite of S forming a low ridge
which is not produced into a pointed tubercle.

A short series from Perak.

c. A. caenonus cadarus subsp. nov.

S ? . Legs as in the Perak race, but the hump at the apex of the foretibia less
developed : abdomiiuil tubercle vestigial ; dorsal spots of pronotum and elytra
larger, the lateral clayish or rufous area of the pronotum broken up into three
spots, of which the two posterior ones are connected with one another at the
carina ; shoulder-spot of elytra transverse, a dorsal basal spot and a transverse
dorsal median one as large as the lateral spots ; underside strongly variegated with
fuscous, the abdomen bearing a lateral row of isolated clayish or rufous spots.

Sarawak, one pair.

10. Acorynus mesotaenia spec. nov.

(? ? . Close to .1. sidrirolUs Jord. (1807), narrower; frons perceptibly wider
in cJ ; eighth anteunal segment distinctly longer ; the markings on the elytra and
at the sides of the pronotum dark olivaceous and very feebly contrasting with the
black ground ; on the other hand a median stripe on head and pronotum greyish
yellow and very prominent; legs black, with the base of the tibiae slightly
rufescent : midtibia of c? without mucro at apex.

One pair from Dolok-Baros, Medan, Sumatra.

1 1 . Acorynus brevis spec. nov.

? . Brownish black, rather thinly pubescent olivaceous bufT. llostrnm vertical,
broad, flat, as long as apically broad, with five parallel carinae, the median one
abruptly terminating in centre, the next a little longer and continued by a rugose
ridge to apex, the third joining the carinate edge of the anteunal groove. Frons as
wide as the interspace between the two lateral carinae ; sides of head and rostrum
and border of eyes creamy. Antenna pale rufous, segments 9 and 1 1 each one-third
longer than 3, 8 half the length of '.» and a little longer than Id, the latter nearly
twice as long as broad.

Pronotum nearly twice as broad as long, gradually narrowed from dorsal
carina forward, impunctate, with transverse sulcus before middle; a widely inter-
rupted median line, and on each side a dot in snlcus, one laterally near apex, another
in front of and behind dorsal carina and one at lateral carina creamy ; dorsal carina
slightly curved backwards laterally and then evenly Hexed forward, the lateral
carina not reaching middle of side ; no longitudinal basal carina.

Elytra short, convex, hardly at ail depressed along sutnre, each with abont a
dozen creamy dots, of which the one on disc behind middle is the largest, the
spot behind shoulder being the second largest. Pygidium truucate-rotnndate.

7

( 9S )

Underside impunctate. Sides of meso- and metasternite laterally more densely
pubescent in ])hu'cs. Legs rnfescent, basal two-tliirds of tibiae and nearly the
entire first tarsal segment pubescent-grey.

Length (e.xclusive of head) Oi mm.

One ? from " Malacca."

12. Acorynus scalaris siicc. no v.

S. Black. The rostrum and liead with the exception of a blai;k triangular
spot on occiput, a broad oblicpie dorso-lateral vitta and an anteriorly narrowed
median one on pronotum, and the elytra covered with a clay pubescence with the
exception of the following brownish black markings : a shoulder-spot, three bands
extending from near the sutnre, which they do not reach, obliijuely backwards
to the outer margin, the bands irregular, tiic first commencing with a rounded
spot situated on the subbasal callosity, the third so connected at the margin and
on disc with a subapical spot that an elongate-ovate clay spot is isolated, in the
sntural interspace three small sjiots, one behind subbasal callosity, the secoud
in middle, the third on a[)ical declivity and couuected with the third band by
a thin line. Pygidinm with triangular clay vitta on each side. Underside greyish
clay, a broad lateral stripe on the prosternite, the greater part of the mososternito,
the centre of the metasternum and a broad stripe along the lateral edges of
the abdomen, black. Femora clay-colour at base and apex ; tibiae cla3--coIour,
extreme base and ajiical fourth black ; first tarsal segment also clay-colonr ; these
light-pubescent parts more or less rufous.

Rostrum only as long as it is broad, with five cariuae, the median one low,
broad, flattened, the next sharply defined, fading away beyond middle of rostrum,
the lateral one joining the edge of the antennal groove; apical margin somewhat
emarginate. Frons a little narrower than the interspace between the central and
secoud carinae. Antenna reaching to basal fourth of elytra, rufous, segment 1 1
brownish, :> a little longer than 4, S less than twice as long as it is broad, shorter
than 10, 9 nearly as long as 0 to S together, Itt twice as long as it is broad.

Pronotum very feebly punctured at the sides, practically smooth ; a transverse
groove on disc ; basi-lateral longitudinal carina vestigial.

The subbasal callosity of the elytrum but moderately elevate.

I'rosteruite with distinct but rather disj)3rsed punctures. First tarsal segment
about half the length of the tibia and about one-third longer than the claw-segment.
Midtibia of cj with a small apical spur.

Length (exclusive of head) (i mm.

Oue 6 from Kuching, Sarawak, .January 1903.

A. liyatus Jord. (1903), from the Philippines (Samar), is somewhat similar
in pattern, but has a distinctly punctured pronotum.

13. Acorynus xanthurus spec, no v.

Blackish brown. Rostrum vertical, half as long again as it is broad at the
apex, somewhat uneven, ])roximaiiy clayish like the head, distally grey and
granulate-rugate, with five carinae, the median one narrow, low, disappearing before
reaching apical margin, secoud curved outward at its base and apex, distally almost
confluent with the straight lateral carina, which joins the edge of the antennal
cavity. Frons entirely pubescent-clay-colour, a little narrower than the interspace

( 99 )

between the central aiiJ second carina, slightly concave. Antenna reaching beyond
basal fourth of elytram, Tulescont-brown, paler at the joints, segment -i longer
than 4, 7 nearly twice 8, 9 longer than 0 to 8 together, 10 abont half as long
again as broad.

Pronotiim broader than long, impnnctate, with a sharply marked transverse
groove on disc, clay-colonr, disc Ijrowii with the exception of a clay-colonred cross
formed by a median vitta and two spots sitnated in the groove, which join the
vitta and the sides, so that the brown disc is divided into four spots.

Elytra hardly at all depressed at the sntnre, the siibbasal callosity but slightly
elevate, basal margin greyish, nnmerous short clayish lines in basal half, more
or less connected with one auotlier and with the basal border, a shonlder-spot
and a round spot on the callosity remaining blackish brown, in centre a clayish
grey transverse spot from interspace 3 to 6, the whole declivous apex bright
clay-colour, with the exception of a rounded sjiot, this clay area being anteriorly
sinuous. Pygidium entirely clay-colour, convex.

Underside all grey, without any spots. Legs pale rufous, pubescent-grey, the
greater jjart of the femora and the tip of tibiae blackish, tarsi brownish. First
tarsal segment about half the length of the tibia.

Length (exclusive of head) 5A mm.

One ? from Kuching, Sarawak, August IlJUU.

14a. Acorynus luzonicus leitensis subsp. nov.

cJ ? . llufescent brown ; the upper one of the two lateral clayish vittae on the
prouotum broken up into three small spots, the second vitta obsolete in its posterior
half; elytra evenly dotted from base to apes, each puncture of the rows being
situated in a clayish grey dot, the punctures less numerous than in luzonicus Jord.
(Ih'J.3) and samamnus Jord. (1S9.S), at lateral margin a large spot behind shoulder
and a small one beliind middle, in ? also a spot close to apex.

One pair from Leite, Philippines, August 1896 (J. Whitehead).

14b. a. luzonicus rantus subsp. nov.

cJ?. Black. The slightly flexuose lateral vittae of the prouotum complete;
elytra dotted with clayish grey from base to apex, the dots much more numerous
and smaller than in the preceding form, most of them small or obsolescent in
central third of the elytra, while they are more or less confluent in the basal
and apical thirds ; no lateral spots, but a small spot on fourth interspace behind
middle.

One pair from Cape Engano, North Luzon (J. ^Vhitehead).

15. Acorynus distichus spec. nov.

?. An elongate rufescent species with the tenth antennal segment long as in
Litocerus; allied to A. nij'us Jord. (1894), jjicturatus Jord. (1895, described as
a Litocerus) and iiessiarops spec, nov., bearing like these species a rather close
suiierficiai resemblance to some species of the genus Xessiara.

Head and rostrum densely pubescent pale yellow ; the latter a little longer than
it is broad at the apex, with three prominent, straight, dorsal carinae, the median
one reaching to apex, but its apical half obsolescent, the lateral dorsal carina

( 100 )

not extendiug to eye and distally almost abruptly terminating, not being curved
laterad, between antennal groove and eye a slight additional carina, apical edge
of rostrum feebly emarginate. Frons sulcate, anteriorly a little more than half
the width of an interspace between the dorsal carinae of the rostrum, the narrow
l)ortion brown. Antenna entirely rufous, segment 'i one-third longer than 4,
nearly twice the length of }>, as long as 0, but shorter than 11, 1>) longer than 8,
two-thirds the length of 9.

Pronotum impnnctate, excepting the sides, which bear very shallow punctures,
one-fifth broader than long, without transverse discal sulcus, pubescent dark fiiwn,
with the following black longitudinal markings : on each side of the middle a stripe
from near the carina to beyond the centre, outside this stripe and rather close to
it another which is narrower and reaches from the apical to the basal margin,
being widened behind the carina and excurved in the centre, a third, short stripe
between lateral carina and ai)ical groove.

Scutellum transverse, grey. Elytra more than half as long again as broad,
flattened above, rufescent, pubescent dark fawn, the aj)ex huffish ochraceous and
the following markings black : a spot on basal callosity, an interrupted, elongate,
marginal halfring behind shoulder, some short dashes in basal half, a broad
band before apical declivity reaching from side to side, posteriorly deeply sinuate at
the suture and margin and less deeply on disc, anteriorly including a white square
spot which is contiguous with the fawn area at stripe ~, the black baud produced
forward at suture and much more so on disc. Pygidium rufous, rounded, with an
ochraceous patch at each side.

Underside entirely grey, with two brownish spots on the metasternite, anal
sternite bearing mesially at the apex a prominent conical tubercle. Legs rufous,
pubescence grey on the femora and ochraceous on the tibiae and tarsi, tip of tibiae
brownish.

Length (exclusive of head) 10 mm.

One ? from Kuching, Sarawak, May 19U3.

16. Acorynus nessiarops spec. nov.

c??. Near yl. ;•)//(« Jord. (1894) and r/wi/ins Jord. (1003). Rufescent-brown,
elongate, flattened, antennae and legs entirely pale rufous.

Rostrum about half as long again as basally brown, flat at apex, with three
dorsal carinae, the median one the shortest, low distally, the other two rather
high, reaching to middle, proximally slightly curving inward, a lateral carina
feebly indicated, concealed under the yellowish grey pubescence. Frons very
luirrow in 6, about half the width of the interspace between two carina in ¥,
entirely yellowish grey like the rostrum. Antenna slender, segment 8 in J not
much shorter than 9, in ? two-thirds the length of 9, 10 in both sexes about half
as long again as liroad.

Pronotum smooth, transversely depressed before centre, yellowish grey, with
two straight, rather broad, brown vittae on disc and a curved lateral sjjot.

Elytra elongate, de]>ressed, basal margin strongly excurved, subbasal callosity
feebly elevate, clayish grey, with the following rufescent brown markings : a spot
on subbasal callosity, a longitudinal sjiot from middle of fourth to middle of sixth
intersiiacc, contiimed forward by two or three indistinct lines, a large square spot
at the commencement of the apical declivity, its anterior corners connected with

( If^l )

an elongate sntnral spot and a Ijracket-shaped lateral one respectively, while the
inner hind angle is produced into a thin line, behind shonlder at margin an ellipse
enclosing a grey dot. Pygidinm entirely (or almost) greyish clay like the apex of
the elytra, subtrnncate in J, rounded in ?.

Underside greyish white, a small brown lateral spot on metasternum. First
tarsal segment about half the length of the tibia. Foretibia of <S with a hump
on inside at apex.

Length (exclusive of head) 8 to 9-5 mm.

One c? and three ? ¥ from Pontianak, Dutch Borneo.

IT. Acorynus pachys spec. uov.

c? ? . Compact in build, resembling Mecocerus. Uniformly black, covered with
a dense, short, olive tomentum, which is a little paler around the eyes, on the
epimerum of the mesosternite, at the tip of the metepisternum and -merum, at
the lateral angle and in centre of the sides of the abdominal sternites. On
the elytra bnffish grey markings — viz. a transverse macular band at basal third,
widened upon the suture and here extending forward to the scutellum, enclosing
an olive spot on the suture, in ? another band behind centre, vestigial in i, an<l
a transverse row of spots at apical fourth, sometimes absent. Legs not distinctly
ringed or spotted.

Rostrum thick at base, its upperside somewhat curved and separated from
the frons by a feeble depression visible in lateral aspect ; a more or less distinct
median carina, divided longitudinally by a minute groove and not very sharply
defined, not extending in between the eyes and disappearing in the apical
dejiression of the rostrum ; no lateral carina, but the sides dorsally somewhat
convex. Antennal segment 2 almost globular, 10 half as long again as it is broad,
one-half shorter than 9, C to 11 flattened in <?.

Prothorax widest before the dorsal carina, gradually narrowed apically; no
jiunctures, no discal transverse groove, carina with a minute sharp central angle
jiointing backwards, hardly at all convex towards the sides, laterally evenly curved
obliijnely downwards and forwards.

Elytra widest near the base, rather strongly narrowing apicad, punctate-striate,
the intersjjaces proximally convex.

Prosternite with a few minute granules in the middle and dispersed shallow
punctures at the sides ; coxae well separated. Mesosternal intercoxal process
nearly twice as broad as it is long, subvertical, punctured. Punctures on meta-
sternite and abdomen dispersed and minute, hardly visible. First foretarsal
segment about twice as long as the others together in both sexes.

Length (exclusive of head) 8 to 13 mm.

S c?c?, 1 ? from Kumassi, Gold Coast (Newberry).

IT A. Acorynus pachys vitticollis subsp. nov.

?. A narrow mesial stripe on the head and three stripes on the pronotum
(one in middle, and one, oblique, on each side) yellowish like the markings of tlie
elytra; the latter with the median transverse band marked only laterally and
the postmedian macular band well-developed, there being also a narrow curved
band (concave in front) before the apex on each elytrum. Pygidium with two
yellowish spots.

( 102 )

Underside yellowish latoinll.v, with two black spots on tlic metasternite and
a row of lateral spots on the abdomen.

One ? from the Kassai district, Congo Free State (Taymaus).

l'^. Acorynus pais spec. nov.

?. Black, tomentnm olivaceon.'< ; antenna, tibiae and tarsi reddish. Eye
bordered by a yellowish grey stripe; on pronotnm three narrow vittae of the same
colour ; alternate interspaces of elytrae olive-grey, more or less interrupted, some
dashes of the same colour in tlie other interspaces; a lateral 8tri])e on prostemnm
and the tip of metepisternum more densely pubescent than rest of underside, which
is grey.

Rostrum similar to that of A. calcaratxs .lord. (1804), but narrower proxi-
mally, with three dorsal carinae which do not reach the apex, wliile the median
one extends on to the head ; edge of antenna! groove continued by carina, which
soon forks, one branch ending below the eye and the other being parallel with the
dorsal carinae but much more feebly developed than in ,1. cd/rarati/s. Eye smaller
than in ? of calcarcitits, the frons being one-third the width of the rostrum at its
narrowed point. Antenna! segment 10 less than half the length of 11, the latter
longer than 9.

Prothorax conical ; dorsal carina straight, towards the sides feebly fle.xed
backwards and in a rather sharp curve forward, as in ,1. calcarutus, the lateral
carina not slanting downward as in ,1. (jeometi-icus Jord. (1894), but being parallel
with the dorso-lateral vitta.

Elytra strongly elevate near the base, the basal portion of the suture appearing
depressed.

Legs not ringed or spotted.

Length (exclusive of head) .') mm.

One ¥ from Portuguese Congo.

19. Acorynus caffer spec. nov.

?. Probably a local form of -4. calcaratus Jord. (1894); bnt the question can
hardly be decided before the S of cafer is known. Frons more convex than in
calcaratus. Sides of head below eyes and a broad border to the eyes yellowish
grey ; this border continnons with a broad, obli(iue, ill-defined, dorso-lateral,
pronotal vitta, there being also a vestigial median vitta on the ])ronotuni ;
dorsal carina sharply angulate in centre, curved backwards sublaterally as in
calcaratuH aud then curved forward in a wider cnrve than in that species.
Alternate interspaces of elytra more strongly convex than in calcaratus, the
basal and apical margins yellowish grey, short lines or spots of the same colour
behind the base and behind the middle, arranged transversely. Pygidium truncate,
with the corners rounded.

Shaft of antenna rufescent, segment 1 rufous, 8 pale rufous.

Chie ? from Malvern, Natal.

20. Litocerus helictns spec. nov.
i. Black. Rostrum vertical, on a plane with the frons and almost at right
angles to the occiput, broad, twice as lung as it is broad, almost suddenly widened
in centre, where the antennal grooves terminate, resembling the rostrum of the

( 103 )

Ceclus Pasc. (1860) in shape, its npperside nneven, with three ill-defined carinae
and another at each side from the upper edge of the antennal groove in the
direction of the eye, the median one forming a hnmp in lateral aspect, none distinct
in apical half; the whole rostrum and the genae very densely covered with
a yellowish grey pubescence ; below eye a widely-open slit, not a mere sntnre.
Frons narrowed, about as wide as the interspace between the median and the
next carina of the rostrum, witli distinct median groove and posteriorly puactnred.
Eye long, prominent, with a narrow, interrupted, yellowish grey, dorsal border.

Antenna slender, pale rnfous, extending beyond base of prothorax, segments
3 to 0 with a distinct black ring close to apex, club distinct but not compact, black,
segment 9 as lung as 8, and nearly thrice as long as broad, one-third longer than 10,
3 one-third longer than 4, 2 thinner than 1 and about half its length.

Pronotiim very coarsely punctnred, transversely dei}ressed before middle, with
the following bright clay markings: a median stripe, commencing near apex with a dot,
behind which the stripe is a very thin line, widening again behind the depression,
then being constricted, and finally widening at the carina, being widest behind the
latter ; on each side of disc four small dots, one being placed at the dejiression, three
in a longitndinal row further laterally from apex to base, and the fifth above the
apex of the lateral carina. The carina sharply angnlate in centre, rounded at
the sides ; basal lateral carina feebly developed.

Elytra coarsely punctate-striate, the punctures being large, the interspaces
more or less convex, esjiecially the third, basal callosity prominent, the suture and
a number of markings bright clay-colonr, namely : along the sntnre and connected
with the sutural strijie a basal spot covering the callosity, a small spot before the
middle, a large, transverse, band-like spot behind the middle immediately followed
by a smaller spot, and an apical jiatch, between third interspace and outer margin
about ten spots of unequal size, most of them situated in interspace 9 ; the black
portions of the elytra with a minute greyish silky pubescence, excepting part of
interspaces 3, 5 and 7 and the edges of the larger clay spots which are deep black,
a black ring on the basal callosity, open anteriorly. Pygidium narrowing gradually,
with rounded apex and a small clayish spot on each side at the base.

Underside densely pubescent clayish grey, sides of metasternite and abdomen
spotted with blackish brown ; pro- and mesosternum and sides of metasternnm and
abdomen coarsely jninctured. Legs luteous (like the places of the upperside covered
with a clay pubescence), base and apex of femora, base, centre, and apex of tibiae,
and apex of first tarsal segment brownish black, claw-segment brown.

Length (exclusive of head) : 5' mm.

One cJ from Assinie, West Africa (Ch. Alluaud, 1880).

21. Litocerus callias sjiec. no v.

(?. Blackish brown ; above ochraceons, brown and huffish grey, beneath grey,
legs ochraceous for the greater part.

Rostrum almost gradually widened towards apex, half as long again as it is
broad near the base, slightly porrect, with the upperside ap|iearing curved in lateral
aspect, three dorsal carinae, well defined from base to near centre, then widened and
more or less efiaced, remaining vestigial to the apex, a low carina from eye to
antennal groove; genal slit present. Head like the rostrum entirely pubescent-
ochraceous ; frons about two-thirds the width of an interspace between the dorsal

( IM )

carinae. Antenna palo vnfoiis, sesraent 0 (is Ions as 3, not qnitr twice the length
of 8.

Prothorax broader than long, rather strongly rounded from the dorsal to the
apex of the lateral carina, above ochraceons, impnnctate, with a feebly marked
transverse dei)ression and two broad brown vittae, which are a little wider than the
ochraceons median vitta and bear each a small ochraceons dot midway between
apical margin and dorsal carina, there being a small triangnlar ochraceons spot
at the carina close to the median vitta, with which it is united ; from the apex
of the lateral carina forward a brown doable stripe, one lateral and the other
snbventral. Carina straight above, lateral angle distinct, obtnse. Elytra elongate,
strongly flattened above, with the basal margin mnch excurved and distinctly
elevate; snbbasal callosity feeble; the basal two-thirds grey, apical third ochraceons,
lateral grey markings more or less tinged with ochraceons, the following markings
remaining blackish brown : a narrow sutnral strijie bearing a grey dot close to the
likewise grey scntellnm, a short basal line each in interspaces 3 and 5, a broad streak
commencing at the shoulder angle, extending at the margin to beyond middle,
expanding anteriorly between margin and stripe 5 and in centre between margin and
interspace 4, a line projecting forward in this interspace, the brown stripe bears a
yellowish grey line on stripe 7, a short grey posthumeral dash each in stripes s and
9 and a grey spot at middle of margin ; posteriorly the brown streak extends more
dorsad, approaching the suture at the commencement of the apical declivity in the
shape of a rounded lobe, before which the streak is excised, and ending at some
distance from the apex with a central, longitudinal, truncate ]>rojection; a narrow,
brown, elongate, marginal spot before apex. Pygidium longer than broad, rounded
at apex, ochraceons, with a blackish brown median vitta.

Underside grey, impunctate, with an elongate, blackish brown, lateral spot on
the metasternum. First abdominal segment with a small tubercle. Femora
rnfescent at base and apex, pubescent-grey ; tibiae and tarsi rufous, pubescent-
ochraceous, the apex of the tibiae brown.

Length (exclusive of head) 7 mm.

One (J labelled Malacca.

22. Litocerus ypsilon sjiec. nov.

c?. Black. Upperside with a blackish brown pubescence and the following
markings : an uninterrupted, posteriorly widening median vitta on the pronotnm,
continued by an equally well-defined, basal, y-shaped sutural spot on the elytra,
yellowish grey ; two small dots on each side of the pronotnm, jilaced one behind
the other and nearer to the lateral carina than to the median vitta, greyish ; on
the elytra a number of grey dots and dashes situated in the stripes, several laterally
to the tip of the y-mark, others placed in ring-shape on the posterior half of each
elytrnm.

Rostrnm more than half as long again as it is broad at the base, centrally
depressed beyond middle, with five carina, of which the three dorsal ones are
obsolete in apical half, while the lateral one almost joins the edge of the antennal
cavity, which edge is cariniform and extends as a well-defined carina to the apex
of the rostrnm. Frons a little less than half the width of an interspace between
the dorsal carinao of the rostrum, with a narrow longitudinal groove. Eyes
narrowly edged with grey. Antenna long, rnfescent at base of segments 1 and 2,
0 a little shorter than 3 and a little longer than 10, one-fourth longer than 8.

( "1.5 )

Prothorax broailer than Ion,?, the siiles almost stvaig'ht from the base to the
tip of the lateral carina ; pronotnm imnctnred at sides, transverse groove present,
bnt feebl}' developed, dorsal carina straight, forming an obtnse angle with the
lateral carina ; basi-lateral carina distinct.

Elytra rather strongly narrowed towards apox, slightly depressed along sntnre ;
the pnnctures small.

Underside grey, a sjiot on sides of metasternnm, and three small ones on
abdomen at some distance from lateral edges, blackish brown, sterna imnctnred.
Legs black, femora and a patch or a dot near or at base of tibiae grey. First
abdominal segment (c?) with tnbercle.

Length (exclnsive of head) 7i mm.

One d from Knching, Sarawak.

23. Litocei'us rajah spec. nov.

?. Similar to L. jirra/n'/is/n Jord. (1894), bnt broader, and the markings
different.

Rostrnm shorter than in L. pcrakensis, broader proximally, the sides more
ronnded at the apox, the five carinae as in pent/teiisis ; genal groove open. Eyes
jiarallel, the frons not being triangular, bnt narrowed abont the middle, broader
tiian in L. perakeims. Antenna brownish black, only the first segment rufons
at base, segment 9 as long as 3, longer than 10, and this a little longer than 8.

Prothorax broader than in L. perakensis, the sides more ronnded, the apical
constriction more abrupt ; pronotnm punctured laterally, with the following clayish
bnff markings : a broad median vitta, widened behind apex, and more so before
and behind carina, sending out a branch on each side from the carina to the
transverse discal groove nearly as in Ij. jihiUppinensis Jord. (1895) ; these
branches widened in the transverse groove, but here not joined to the median vitta
(in our only specimen), a narrow sublateral vitta interrupted behind middle and
again at the carina, and connected anteriorly with the tomentose underside, and in
middle with a large patch situated above the lateral carina.

Scutellum almost twice as broad as long. Elytra clayish buff for the greater
part, the following markings being black : a narrow transverse spot at basal margin,
a spot at shoulder angle, an anteriorly open thin half-ring on subbasal callosity,
three short thin lines one obliquely behind the other, the last standing in second
interspace in antemedian depression, another short line in fourth interspace, a
somewhat longer line in space 0, anteriorly joining a small half-ring which is
placed at the side of the subbasal callosity, spaces 7, 8 and 9 also with lines
behind shoulder, a little behind centre of suture an elliptical spot, longitudinal,
not quite extending to the second row of punctures, connected (1) before its centre
with an irregular, transverse, zigzag line, which is divided into two bands laterally,
and (2) posteriorly with a second, thinner, transverse zigzag band, a subapical,
small, sntural spot joined to the transverse line, a larger subapical discal spot,
more or less divided by clayish buff lines of dots, and also connected with the
posterior zigzag line, lastly a spot at sntural angle. Pygidium broader than long,
with clayish buff, lateral, triangular vitta.

Underside slaty grey, the sides huffish, metasternite with several blackish
lateral spots. Metasternum with a shallow transverse groove near anterior
margin; intercoxal process twice as broad as long, with an oblique longitudinal

( 1"6 )

groove on each siilo. Rase and ajiical fhvee-fifflis nf til)iafi pnliescent l]lafk like
the tarsi. A]iical tooth of ovijiositor long.

Lcngtii (oxihisive of head) 7 mm.

One ? from Kneliiiig, Sarawak, June 1903.

24. Litocerus macrophtalmus Monfr. (18.")0).

The species is widely distributed, and lias split up into a number of geo-
graphical forms. In true macropJifnliinis, from Woodlark only, the median vitta
of the jirouotum is broader anteriorly than ia the other forms, being nearly as
wide in front of the transverse discal groove as at the carina. To m'lcro-
jifitnlmus (whose spelling we do not alter) belong as races : perjilcrus Pasc.
(InOO), rariegatus Jord. (L'^'-H), p///l/jjjji/ii'/!sis Jord. (1895), crucicoUis Jord. (1S9.">),
and a number of nudescribed forms. Olivier's fuliginosiis (1795) possibly also
belongs here ; if that is the case, the name fuliginosiis would have iirocedenco
over macrophtalmus as designation of the species.

All the races are characterised by the frnus being parallel in the ?, while
in the S it narrows from behind first gradually and then almost suddenly, being
anteriorly a mere line in the i

24a. Litocerus macrophtalmus celebensis subsp. nov.

S ?. Nearest to L. m. pltiUppinensis Jord. (1895). Median vitta of pronotura
with a ])rojection at each side in front of the carina, but this projection quite
short and therefore not joining the spot situated in tlie transverse discal groove.
The black spots of the elytra larger, the central sutural spot being nearly as large
as the antemedian discal sjjot.

A short series of cJc? from South (Jelebes : Makassar, June ISOii, type, and
S. Celebes, August-September 1891, all collected by W. Doherty.

25. Merarius glabriceps spec. nov.

?. Black, pubescence dark olive above and olive-grey beneath. Hostnim
widened apicaliy, stibcylindrical proximally, without any carinae above and at the
sides. Frons about one-fourth the width of the rostrum, narrowing anteriorly,
somewhat concave ; genae cream-colour, a minute spot at frontal edge of eye
creamy white. Antenna not reaching to base of prothorax, shaft rufous at the
joints, segments 3 to 5 gradually decreasing in length, 5 nearly twice 0, 0 as long
as 8 and a little shorter than 7, club compact, slightly compressed, elongate-
ellijitical, segment 9 twice 8, narrow at base, gradually widening, one-fourth
longer than broad, lo three times as broad as long, 11 proximally widest, as
broad as long.

Prothorax conical, gradually narrowing from the dorsal carina to the apex,
the carina itself dursally very slightlv concave, gradually curved forward, not
much projecting latcrad, although more elevate laterally than dorsally, the
obliquely longitudinal lateral carina short, not reaching middle of side ; notnm
dispersedly punctured at sides, with double impression centrally in front of
carina; three small creamy liuff dots liehind carina, three very small ones,
more creamy, in a transverse row before middle, another dot below lateral
carina.

( 1"' )

Elytra: a sinnons band lieliiiul basal tnberclc from side to side, narrowed at
the suture, and the apical declivous area creamy bnff ; subbasal callosity enlarjjed
to a conical tubercle with rounded apex, a smaller dorsal tubercle behind middle,
obtuse and gradually fading away anteriorly, seventh interspace elevate before
apical declivity, but not forming a distinct tubercle. Pygidium semicircular,
entirely creamy butf.

Underside spotted with creamy buff laterally ; prosternite and sides of
meso-metasternite punctured. Femora rufescent at base, pubescence grey, fuscous
at ajiex ; tibiae black, with a broad grey ring proximally to middle, the chitin
being here rufous ; tarsi black, first segment grey excepting its extreme tip ;
first foretarsal segment not longer than fourth.

Length (exclusive of head) (J mm.

One ? from Knrseong, Sikkim.

26. Hucus virgatus spec. nov.

?. Near //. persimilis Jord. (1903), smaller, slaty black, very slightly
rufescent, the markings of the upperside and the whole underside pubescent
greyish white, not bulfish. Angle of pronotal carina perceptibly larger and last
antennal segment longer. All the alternate interspaces (1, 3, 5, etc.) of the
elytra bearing greyish white lines which are nearly all complete from base to
apex, the other interspaces also bearing same short streaks, the white pubescence
is denser at basal margin and behind soutelliim, and also form indistinct spots at
the lateral margin behind shoulder and in front of and again behind middle,
this last spot continued obliquely forward to disc by means of an ill-defined
narrow line.

Sides of meso- and metasternum white. Legs slighty rufescent, pubescent
greyish white, tip of tibiae and underside of tarsi black.

Length (exclusive of head) 3| mm.

One ? from Milne Bay, British New Guinea (A. S. Meek).

27. Hucus proles spec. nov.

?. Likewise closely allied to 11. persimilis Jord. (1003), as well as Tl. sfriatioi
Jord. (1003), being of the same size and colour. Angle of pronotal carina distinctly
more rounded and the pronotum, in a dorsal view, appearing hardly at all
narrowed immediately in front of the dorsal carina ; grey vittae as sharply defined
as in //. St rill fits. Elytra without transverse band ; a line in third interspace,
which it nearly fills up, from base to near apex, where it runs across the second
interspace to the sntnral angle ; another line in interspace 7, of nearly the same
width as the other, widened before apex, a thin line in 4 from base to near
centre, another thin line in 5 from base to near apex, but more or less incomplete
behind, some spots in lateral interspaces, and a short patch behind scutellum
posteriorly widening out laterad ; all these markings grey. Underside and legs
as in //. pi'rsimilis.

Two ? ¥ from Batjan.

Lemuricedus gen. nov.
S ? . Frons snlcate, not carinate as in Cediis. Rostrum either forming an obtuse,
rounded, angle with the gula, or vertical, in the J always and in the ? usually

( 108 )

tnore or loss abrnptl}- wiilniod nt the aiitpiiiial grooves, always lirofiiler in the S
than in the ?, a median carina in both sexes, not reaching beyond middle, generally
quite short, from eye to antenna or beyond, but on dorsal side, a broad groove
bounded by two more or less distinct carinae ; apex of rostrum flattened centrally,
margin straight : on underside a single or double mesial carina. Antennae similar
to those of (\'(/iis Pasc. (1800), being longer than tlie body in c?. Antennal
groove small, situated in middle of rostrum or beyond. Genal suture below eye
open. Pronotum coarsely punctured, at least at sides, dorsal carina bent back-
wards laterally and then flexed forward in a round curve, jn-ojecting so much
laterad that the side of the prothorax is sinnate between the dorsal carina and
the apex of the curved lateral carina. Elytra coarsely pnnctate-striate, tuberculate.

Type: L. audouini Fahrs. (1839).

The genus appears to be confined to Madagascar, whence about a dozen
species are known to me, but may also be represented on the neighbouring
islands. In facies it most nearly resembles certain Litocerus and Acorynus,
one of the sjiecies [maihiffascar/f/isis Faust (1880)], which was described as a
Litocerus, approaching those genera in the rostrum being more slender and
bearing the antennal grooves more distally than in the other Lemaricedus. The
elytra appear square or oblong in Lemuricedus and have a number of tubercles,
which are placed exactly alike in the diliVrent species, although they vary to some
extent in size, one near the base and another in the third interspace in the centre
being always large.

28. Lemuricedus audouini Fahrs. (1839).

c? ? . According to the original description this name refers to what appears
to be the commonest species of the genus. It varies much in size like its
congeners, and small specimens almost give one the impression of belonging to
a different species. The pattern of the pronotum is fairly constant. The central
area of the pronotum, which is bounded on each side by a velvety black vitta,
situated halfway between centre and lateral carina and widest at the base, is
more or less dark isabella-colour. The area is angnlate laterally, invading the
black vitta at the transverse discal sulcus, and bears on each side of the centre
two black spots between apex and carina ; the spot before the scutellum either
also isabella-colour or more or less bright creamy bnfF, always divided by a
dark central spot or line ; the velvety vittae bear generally a small Isabella-
coloured spot in front of the carina and are usually almost interrupted at the
transverse sulcus. The seventh abdominal tergite of <? (which often projects from
beneath the pygidium or becomes visible when the pygidium is lifted up) is
mesially sinuate. The teeth of the ovipositor of the ? are rather obtuse, especially
the apical one.

20. Lemuricedus acoenus spec nov.

(J ?. Very close to L. audouini Fahrs. (1839) ; less variegated on the pronotum
and elytra. The antennae thinner, segment 8 of ? longer. The black pronotal
bands broader and purer black, not bearing a lighter-coloured spot before the
carina, the two black spots situated in audouini within the central area in front
of the carina arc vestigial in the new species or altogether absent.

The seventh abdominal tergite of the J is rounded at the apex, not bearing

( 1<J9 )

a median sinus as in aiidouiiii, aad the teeth of the ovijiositor of the ? are more
pointed than in that species and the notch in the apical tooth is more distinct.
A long series of both sexes from the Bay of Antongil, N.E. Madagascar
(A. Mocqnerys).

30. Lemuricedus cervinus spec. nov.

(? ? . Brownish black, rostrum, sides of head, vertical portion of frons, a
median vitta on prothorax, the prosternnm and a number of spots on sterna and
abdomen greyish white, contrasting strongly with the dark ground.

Rostrum narrower than in L. audotdni, vertical, its median carina less elevate.
Frons broader than in audoiiini, the vertical portion entirely greyish white,
sharply limited posteriorly, a double dot on vertex and a narrow posterior border
to the eyes also greyish white. Segment 'J of ? -antenna longer than 3, nearly
twice the length of 8.

Prothorax more coarsely punctured than in audoabd and the dorsal carina
more distinctly curved backwards in centre, transverse groove deep ; the greyisli
white or slightly huffish median vitta sharply defined, constricted at the
groove, widest behind the carina, where it is divided by a small dark spot or
a thin line extending from the carina backward ; the posterior margin of the
transverse sinus greyish fawn or tawn, a greyish white dot above apex of lateral
carina and another laterally behind dorsal carina, a linear fawn spot from end
of transverse groove forward, another fawn spot more laterally at apex and one
or two laterally in front of dorsal carina.

Elj'tra deep fawn-colour or ochraceoug buff, without black spots, but the sides
occupied by a large triangular patch reaching at the margin from the shoulder
to fourth abdominal sternite and its apex lying at the large median tubercle of
the third interspace ; this patch bears some minute grey dots ; rows of punctures
only slightly curved in antemedian depression; snbbasal tubercle small, very
much smaller than the one which is placed in the fifth interspace before the
middle, three small tubercles on apical declivity in interspaces 3, 5 and 7,
forming a triangle, the seventh interspace bearing in most other species an
additional tubercle further forward. Pygidium brownish black, with two dots.
Prosternite coarsely punctured ; meso-metasternum and abdomen laterally for the
greater part brownish black, with grey dots, more centrally thinly pubescent
grey. Legs spotted as usual.

Length (exclusive of head) : G mm.

Two i$ and one ? from the Bay of Antongil, N.E. Madagascar (A.
Mocijuerys).

31. Lemuricedus dexius spec nov.

c? ? . Similar io L. ccrcinug spec. nov. Rostrum, sides of head and vertical
part of frons grey. Rostrum vertical, broader than in cercinns, and more uneven,
the short median carina more prominent, forming a liump in a lateral view.
Frons as in eerr/in/s, but the grey jiart incised ; a dot on vertex and another behind
eye clayish fawn. Segment 'J of ? -antenna one-third longer than S, but nut longer
than 3.

Prouotum very coarsely pnnctured from the sides to the median vitta, excepting
the area from the deep, curved, transverse sulcus to the apical margin, wliere the
punctures arc smaller : median vitta widest behind the carina, constricted in the

( 110)

snlcns, behind the sulcus widened laterad in cross-shape, clayish fawn, posteriorly
somewhat edged with grey, laterally an ochraccous clay spot extending from basal
margin across carina to near sulcus, a minute dot of tlie same colour above apex of
lateral carina, another at apical margin more dorsally, and a linear one at end
of transverse sulcus ; dorsal carina less angular in centre than in ceniina.

Elytra as in L. cervinus, paler, with the same blackish lateral triangular patch
and without black dots ; the subbasal tubercle nearly as large as the median one
in third interspace and much larger than the autemedian one in fifth space, behind
middle a tubercle in seventh space, on apical declivity three tubercles in a triangle
(in spaces 3, 5 and 7), and an additional small tubercle in space 5 in a line with
the ones in spaces 3 and 7. P3-gidium entirely pale fawn like the apex of the
elytra.

Underside thinly pubescent grey, almost api)earing black, the sterna laterally
with fawn spots, which are diffuse on the prosternite ; the entire prosternite and
nearly the whole metasternite coarsely punctured. Ijegs spotted in the usual way.

One pair from Diego Suarez, N.E. Madagascar.

Cedocus gen. nov.

c? ?. Allied to Cedus Pasc. (18Gn) on the one hand and Hucics Pasc. (1850) on
the other. Rostrum vertical, abruptly angulate at the antennal grooves, which are
on a level with the underside of the head, distance of antenna from eye much
shorter than the distance from antenna to apex of rostrum ; upper surface of
rostrum flattened, carinate from frons to antennae, then feebly concave, with slight
mesial carina and sharply carinate lateral edges ; the sides incurved beyond antennae
and then gradually widening ; apical margin straight. Antennae nearly as in
Ci(lti», in 6 a little longer than the body with long fir.st segment. Eye nearly
circular, beneath snbuugulate jiosteriorly.

Prothorax conical, widest at the basal angles, which are acute with the point
rounded oft'; angle of carina acute ; basi-lateral longitudinal carina very distinct.

Elytra short, not depressed along suture. Metasternum very strongly convex.
First foretarsal segment half the length of the tibia in ?, a little over half in S.

Type : C. It/nceus spec. nov.

32. Cedocus lynceus spec. nov.

cJ ? . Black ; rostrum, sides of head, and the whole under surface pubescent
white, upper surface bright clay-colour spotted with black.

Rostrum, on upper side, more than twice as long as it is broad at apex ;
between eyes and antennae a vestigial mesial carina, sometimes hardly traceable,
further laterally a more distinct carina slightly curved in lyre-shape, and between
antennal groove and eye the rather blunt cariniform edge of the rostrum accompanied
laterally by a thin but distinct carina. Frons narrowest at some distance from
rostrum, of about the same width in the sexes, being slightly narrower than (he
first antennal segment. Antenna black-brown, first segment rufous, second
rufescent; in c? 3 to 7 slightly increasing in length, 7 being oue-tbird longer than 3,
9 and 11 slightly longer than 7, 8 a little shorter than 7, 10 about half the
length of y ; in ? the antenna reaches beyond middle of elytrum, 3, 5 and 7 of
equal length, 4, U and 8 a little shorter, 8 as long as lU or slightly longer, half
the length of '.».

( 111 )

Prouotimi impuQctatc, conical, twice as broad as long, with a long transverse
sulcus before middle, wliich is curved backwards in centre, on each side three pairs
of brown spots, no spot behind the carina nor immediately in front of it; dorsal
carina feebly concave in middle and lateral carina slightly convex in lateral view.

Elytra a little longer than broad, punctate-striate, convex, subbasal callosity
feebly marked, the blackish brown spots somewhat variable, all small, the following
being fairly constant: on suture one at basal fourth, another, round one, before
middle, at lateral margin one on shoulder angle, a half-ring or ring behind
shoulder, a more or less rounded spot in middle, ou disc two behind base, often
accompanied by small dashes, one before middle, a transverse row before apical
declivity, and a round spot before apex. Pygidium rounded at apex, subcarinate in
middle, without spots.

Underside uniformly grey. Base of femora sometimes rufous.

Length (exclusive of head) 5 to G mm.

A small series of both sexes from Sumatra.

33. Cedus diversus spec. nov.

c??. In facies similar to C. antennalis Jord. (1894), but the elytra much
longer. Black, in S the base of rostrum and the cheeks, in ¥ only the cheeks
creamy white.

Rostrum essentially as in the allied species. Antenna a little longer than body
in the S, all the segments incrassate, the proximal ones at apex only, 3 the longest,
half as long again as 8, this one-third longer than '.i, lu slightly longer than broad ;
in ? not reaching to middle of elytrum, 3 half as long again as 8, this somewhat
shorter than V), 10 as broad as long.

Prothorax as in the allied species, with some minute luteous or grey dots in
the transverse groove and at the basal edge.

Elytra essentially longer than in C. ffiMatus Vane. (I860), ffidtukifiis Motsch.
(lsT4), and iiiitennaUs Jord. (1894), being nearly twice as long as broad ; a luteous
dot behind middle in interspace 3, another before middle of 8 smaller, and a
number of small specks dispersed over the whole surface; subbasal callosity
forming a very prominent tubercle.

Underside greyish white, with black lateral spots. Femora pubescent grey ;
tibiae and tarsi black, a ring in or beyond middle of the former and the apical half
of the first tarsal segment white.

Length (exclusive of head) 5 to 6 mm.

A series of both sexes from Madura, ^>. Lulia.

34. Mecocerina lewisi spec. nov.

cJ. Rufous ; upperside pubescent fawn, marked with white. Nearest to
M. xmioceroidcs Jord. (l«9.j) from the Philippines. Rostrum very coarsely rugate,
more abruptly widened at the antennal grooves and the proximal half rather
narrower than in that species, vertical, the elevM.te dorsal median portion bounded
at each side by a groove and gradually narrowed from the eyes to the antennae,
being widest at the eyes instead of distally, as is the case in M. xenoceroides ; the
mesial impression jiroximally almost eft'aced ; apical margin slightly emarginate.
Frons anteriorly and posteriorly wider than in J/, xenoceroidcs, the eyes being
less parallel than in that species ; sides of liead and rostrum and border of eyes

( 112 )

white. Antenna long and thiu, almost uaked exccjjtiug segments Id and 11
and apex of V, black, slightly rnfescent, 10 less than three times as long as
broad, one-third the length of 11.

Prothorax mnch broader than in M. xcnoceroidcs, being almost as wide at
apex as at base, with the sides nearly evenly rounded; three white straight
vittae, the lateral one connected at the dorsal carina with the white border of
the lateral carina ; dorsal carina straight, flexed forward in a wide round curve, the
lateral carina extending bej'ond the middle of the side ; no transverse discal
groove.

Elytra more than twice the length of the prothorax, feebly punctate, the rows
hardly at all impressed, with the following white markings : a patch around
scutellum, extended behind basal margin to shoulders, a postmediaa spot between
first and fifth rows of punctures, a small siibmargiual sjwt before and a marginal
one behind middle, and two other small ones on apical declivity, one towards the
margin and the other near apex. Pygidium round, white.

Underside entirely and densely pubescent white. Legs rufous, tarsi and
tip of tibiae blackish ; posterior tibia with a long truncate spur at iipex.

Length (exclusive of head) 4-3 mm.

One i from Tambak, Sarawak, September 18'JT.

3.J. Mecocerina rhanis spec. nov.

S. Nearest to .1/. guttata, Jord. (1903), rnfescent. Rostrum and sides of head
pubescent white; the dorsal carina forming the edge of the median area of the
rostrum curves laterad in middle and nearly reaches the apical margin, lat(!rally of
it a distinct dorso-lateral carina. Frons narrowest at some distance from rostrum,
the eyes being almost circular, coarsely graunlose and rather prominent. Antenna
twice the length of the body in our only specimen, bro-A'nish black, segments 1
and 2 and base of 3 rufous, 9 a little shorter than 11, lO half the length of 11,
being more than thrice as long as broad, apical half of S not white (as is the case
in M. guttata).

Pronotum half as broad again as long, almost evenly narrowed from the
dorsal carina to the apex, with distinct, curved, transverse sulcus before middle ;
rnfescent, a narrow mesial vitta and the entire sides greyish fawn-colour, the square
brown discal area being also shaded with greyish fawn (fresh specimen) ; dorsal
carina very slightly and evenly convex from side to side, laterally flexed forward
in a semicircle and reaching middle of side ; laterally there are some dispersed
shallow punctures.

Elytra as in M. guttata, but the stripes of punctures more shallow ; the
following markings black : a round spot on snbbasal callositj', a smaller one
before middle between interspaces 3 and o, a large marginal spot behind shoulder
and a broad, complete, transverse baud from side to side before ajjical declivity ;
close to ajicx an irregular brown shadow and on shoulder an indistinct brown spot.
Pygidium rnfescent, sublruucate.

Underside rnfescent, especially the abdomen, pubescent greyish white ; apical
half of tibiae and the tarsi black, basal two-thirds of first segment greyish white
above.

Length (exclusive of head) .J mm.

Une 6 from Kuching, iSarawak, December 1900,

(113)

'M. Mecocerina diffusa .spue. nov.

cJ. Black, very slightly rufesceut. Rostrnm and sides of head pubescent
white ; rostrnm slenderer than in .1/. xenoceroides Jord. (1895) and anmbilis Pasc.
(1859), the lateral edge of the elevate dorsal area rather more cariniform than in
those species and united above the antennal groove with a very distinct dorso-
lateral carina ; a thin mesial carina extends on to the frons and is divided by an
elongate groove beyond the middle of the rostrnm, the carina being indicated
between this groove and the apical margin by a broad, flat, very feebly elevate,
punctured stripe. Frons with nearly parallel sides, widening behind, a little
broader than in M. xenoceroides, buff ; occiput brown. Antennae long and slender,
similar to those of J/, xenoceroides.

Prouotum half as broad again as long, impuuctate, widest in front of the
dorsal carina, the sides being rounded behind, but less so than in M. lewisi spec,
nov. ; before middle a distinct transverse sulcus ; ground-colour brown, the sides,
exclnsive of an abbreviated (jblicjiie streak, and a broad straight median vitta buff,
rather diffuse; dorsal carina nearly straight, being faintly concave mesially and
more distinctly so laterally, curved forward in a semicircle, the lateral carina
extending to the middle of the side.

Elytra a very little wider at the base than the jirothorax, gradually narrowed,
slightly rounded, hardly at all depressed above, distinctly punctate-striate, brown,
marked with many short, diffuse, clayish buff streaks, which are widest dorsally
beyond the middle and here isolate a small brown sutural spot. Fygidium and
last abdominal steruite truncate, with sharp angles (cJ).

Underside pubescent grey, slightly huffish, impnnctate ; tip of tibiae and of
first tarsal segment as well as the wliolc 2-i segments black ; tarsi shorter than
in M. xenoceroides.

Length (exclusive of bead) 5 mm.

One S from Johore, Malay Peninsula.

37. Mecocerina guttata Jord. (1003).

The species was described from a single c? from North Celebes.

We have now from other localities specimens of both sexes which agree well
with the name-type except in some minor differences. They all differ from
M. rhcuiis spec. nov. in the prothorax bearing two broad and sharply defined
black vittae and on each side a black dot, in the elytra being rather coarsely
punctate-striate and having each 7 or 8 black markings, and in the apical half
of the antenna being white in the S. Segment 9 of the antenna of the ? is
very little longer than 8, half as long again as 10, and little over half the length
of 11.

Our specimens represent three subspecies.

3Ta. M. guttata guttata Jord. t^l0o3).

Antenna and legs brownish black, proximal antennal segments rufesceut at
base; huffish grey median stripe of pronotum nearly as broad as a lilack vitfa ;
the fourth dorsal spot of the elytrum the largest of all, round, at lateral margin
a transverse spot behind shoulder, a smaller one Ijehiud middle and another of

8

( 114 )

ji'pout the sa'ue size before apical declivity, the spot on apical declivity irregularly
roniided and !il)out as lartre as the one placed on the subbasal callosity.
Oue 6 from Toli-Toli, North (Jelebes.

3Tb. M. guttata ochropus siibsp. uov.

cJ ?. The proximal segments (6) or the whole shaft (?) of the antennae and
the greater part of the tibiae and tarsi Inteons ; median vitta of pronotnm narrow ;
the dorsal spots 1 and 2 of the elytrnra larger than in the previous race, 2 being
the largest of all, the marginal spots also enlarged, with the exception of the one
before apical declivity, which is reduced to a dot or absent, the subapical spot also
rcdnced and more transverse than in ^f. ;/. (/utfata.

Oue cJ and two ? ? from Ternate, and oue <S from Batjan.

3Tc. M. guttata suavis snbsp. nov.

?. Shaft of antenna blackish, rufescent, first segment luteous ; mesial stripe
of pronotum straight, less than half the width of a black vitta ; black spots of
elytrnra larger than in M. g. ochropus, the second dorsal spot concave behind, the
interspai-e between it and the third less than half the width of the second spot,
the third spot connected with the lateral margin, the lateral spots as well as the
subapical one also larger than in ochropus-, tarsi and apex of tibiae brownish black ;
a large spot of the same colour on sides of metasternnm.

One ? from Morty (Wallace).

38. Mucronianus lepidus spec. uov.

?. Similar to .1/. rufprs Jord. (1894), shorter. Kostrnm with distinct median
carina, which does not reach the apex and is continued on the frous by a thin
sulcus; dorsally in front of the eye a deep longitudinal groove bounded on inuer
side by a kind of carina ; between e3'e and antennal groove a thin carina ; sides of
rostrum and of head, border of eyes and an ill-defined mesial line on head creamy.
Frons about half the width of the eye in a frontal view, much wider than in
M. rufipes. Antenna black, proximally rufescent at the joints, segment 3 twice 8,
9 a little longer than 8, half as long again as 10, this as long as broad, 11 as long
as 9.

Pronotum nearly shaped as in M. nijipes, more evenly narrowing from the
dorsal carina forward, punctate all over, not ragose, almost entirely olivaceous
creamy bnfif, with five black spots on each side, two being placed near middle line,
two halfway towards side, and oue at side; longitudinal basal carina more obli(iue
thin in .1/. rxjipeis, and therefore forming a distinct angle with the lateral carina ;
there is also a short basal transverse carina at each side.

Elytra more depressed at base than in M. rufipes, also somewhat dejiresscd
along the suture, without any prominent grannies, and with the rows of punctures
obsolete at apex ; olivaceous creamy bntf, with the following black markings : a
riiuiided spot on subbasal callosity continued laterally by some short streaks and
conuected with that of the other elytrum by a sutnral sjiot ; behind subbasal
callosity some dots, and farther laterad some lines ; close behind centre a transverse
band composed of confluent spots, the sutnral spot being a little more frontal than
tlie other, and the lateral spot being small, farther back a small rounded s]iot in

( 115 )

fourth interspace accompanied laterally by a transverse spot, then follow a short dash
near suture, an irregular spot on apical declivity and a small spot near sutural
angle. Pygidium as long as broad, flat, but the apex gently carved upwards.

Underside grey, bnffish at sides. Legs grey, slightly rufons at knee-joint, apex
of tibia,e black like the tarsi, first tarsal segment pro.ximally grey.

Length (exclusive of head) 0 mm.

One ? from Perak.

39. Sympaector miltinus spec. nov.

?. In facies similar to Acorijiius rufus Jord. (1894) and allies.

Nearest to S. nigromaculatiis Jord. (1894), being, like that species, rufesccnt
and bearing black spots on the npperside. Rostrum, head and antenna as in
S. niqromaciilatu.f, the rostrum a little wider in proximal half.

Pronotum narrower in posterior half than in .S'. nlyromaculatm, therefore less
conically narrowed anteriorly ; transverse discal groove deep ; dorsal carina dis-
tinctly convex, but curved backwards in centre, the lateral angle more obtuse
than in S. nigromaculatus and less projecting laterad ; two black dorsal vittae,
not reaching apex, of nearly even width throughout, being slightly constricted
at the transverse groove and more strongly at the carina, each vitta about half
the width of the interspace which separates them ; lateral carina less oblique than
in S. ni<iromttCidaius.

Elytra more convex and less conical than in the allied species, with the
following black markings : a spot on suture before middle, another on subbasal
callosity, a third and a fourth at the lateral margin, one of them placed at basal
third and the other behind middle, all more or less circular, before apex and
well separated from it a transverse banil, not interrupted, narrowest at margins,
widest at suture.

Underside uniformly pubescent, the pubescence as on npperside )-ellowish
in certain lights ; prosternite with black dot placed in front of and below the apex
of the lateral carina.

Length (exclusive of head) 8| mm.

One ? from " Borneo."

40. Sympaector pagis siiec. nov.

Brown ; the style of marking as in <S'. aiignUfi'i- Walk. (1859) and lohiUheadi
Jord. (1895). Rostrum rufesceut, rugose, slightly depressed along middle, dorsally
with a thin carina on each side between the antennae, no cariuae in basal third ;
maxillary palpus thick, short, second segment twice as broad as it is long, third
much more obtuse than in the allied species. Antennal grooves at two-thirds
or three-fifths from base, ojjen dorsally. Genal groove open at eye. A white
dorsu-lateral streak on rostrum continuous with the sides of the head, frons and
border of eye also white. Antenna rather thick, black, segments 1, 2, two-thirds of
3 and extreme base of 4 rufous, 1 longer than 3, this shorter than 4 and following,
the dilference in length between segments 4 — 11 not considerable, apex of antenna
luteous white.

Prothorax nearly twice as broad as long, with transverse groove on notum, the
latter bearing five sharply-marked white vittae, one in centre^ and two on each
side, tiiese confluent in front and behind and one of them bordering tiie lateral

( 116 )

carina; ilorsal carina evenly aud slightly convex, lateral carina extended to the
faint prosternal sutnre.

Elytra very little depressed before centre aud alonj; suture, with tlie following
sharply-defined lines white like the scutellum : a sutural one from scntelliim to
middle, its posterior half being separated from the sutural edge, another line trans-
verse, situated close behind basal edge and extending from scntellnm to lateral edge,
a tliinl, continuous with the basal one, rnns from shoulder to second interspace,
whicli it reaches before middle, and then extends in this interspace to near apex,
where it curves laterad, is continued forward along the lateral margin for a short
distance, and then traverses the disc to join its sutural portion at tlie point
where the sutural line terminates, all these lines together forming the figure 8,
the basal loop being triangular, and the posterior loop ovate.

Underside greyish oHve, with a white lateral stripe.

Prosternum bearing a straight transverse groove before the coxae ; abdomen
slightly flattened mesially (c?), without tubercle.

Tibiae more or less rufous, tarsi luteous.

Length (exclusive of head) Gi to 8 mm.

A Malayan species, of which we have two subspecies :

40a. S. pagis pagis.

Blackisli brown ; apical half of eleventh antennal segment hiteous white.
Une 6 from Mt. Teugger, Java (H. liouyer).

40u. S. pagis ligyrus subsp. nov.

Jloru rnfesceut; the entire eleventh segment of the antenna and the apical
hall' of the tenth luteous white.
One 6 from " Malacca."

( 117 )

SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF SIPMONAPTEBA.

By tiik Hon. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S.

1. Xenopsylla astia spec. nov. (Fig. 1).

d. Agrees with A', nnbicus liotbs. (1903) in nearlj' all details, with the excep-
tion of the genitalia. As in nuhicHS, chcopts and several other species, the frons
bears on each side only two sensory organs (pale dots), the third one being absent.
The occiput has one bristle towards the base of the antennal groove and another
above the centre. The hindco.xa bears three bristles posteriorly at the apex.
The bristles at the apex of the foretibia are thicker than in nuhtcus. Tiie
eighth abdominal sternite has seventeen to twenty bristles on each side. The
most distal one of the ventral bristles of this segment is mncli shorter and
thinner than the two preceding bristles, the new species agreeing in this character
with nubicus and differing from cheopis, which has no bristles distally to the
two long ones.

The clasper bears two movable processes. The npper or inner one is long
and gradually narrows to the apex, which is rounded (Fig, 1, F'). The second

Fig. 1. — Clasping organs of Xcitop&tjUa astia ^J.

process (F-) is almost the same as in A', cheopis, the upper edge being convex
and the lower concave. One of the bristles of this process is much longer
than the others. In the type sj)ecimen only seven bristles are visible on this
process. In a second specimen the process has a slightly different position,
presenting its up]ier snrface and hence ajipearing broader. In this specimen
there are eight liristles.

The ninth sternite resembles tlutt of A', nuhiras, but is distinctly broader,

( ns)

at loast the more strongl)- eliitinisod part, especially distally. Tiic anal torsite
bears on each side four small and two modcratoly Imi;,' bristles.

Two 6 (i from Rangoon, Burma, taken oil' rats, December 4, 19<i7.

Type in the British Museum.

Acropsylla i^en. nov.

?. The labial palpus consists of five segments. Eye reduced, non-pigmented
and i)laced far down (Fig. 2). Two spines at the genal edge, which is short.
Antennal groove open, continued to the vertex by means of a sutare and internal
incrassation. Club of antenna segmented all round, niui'Ii longer than broad.
I'ronotum with comb. Three antejjygidial bristles, of which the upper one is
short. First midtarsal segment a little shorter than second. Hindcoxa without

Fig. 2

Fig 3

Fig. 2. — Head of Acrojmjlla ejihcma J .

Fig. 3. — AlHlominal segments \\l. and VIII, and rcceptaciihim sominis of the same.

comb of sjiincs on the inner surface. Fifth segment of all the tarsi with five
pairs of lateral bristles, the tirst pair ventral but not placed in between the
second jmir.

The only species known to ns reminds one strongly of C/ii(ixto]iA>/l/a i/umac
Boths. (1904) by the pecnliar shape of the head. But in Cliiastopsylhi the
labial palpus consists of four segments only, the eye is pigmented and placed
much farther away from the geual spines, the hindcoxa bears a comb on the
inside and the fifth tarsal segment has only four pairs of lateral bristles.

The new genus is one of the numerous derivations from Ci'rafop/ti/lhis,
a genus which may be considered a central branch of which Ctenojilithuliinis,
NeopsijUa, C/uastopsi/lla , etc., are olfslioots.

( 110 )

2. Acropsylla episema sp. nuv.

? . A pale species, of which we have only the ? .

Head. — The frons is prodaced into a kind of snout at a short distance from
the maxillary palpi (Fig. 2). The two genal spines are placed apart from each
other and are both rounded at tlie apex. There are sixteen long bristles on
the frons (8, 3, 3, 2), the last two being the longest, and also a number of
small hairs. Below the eye there are two pale dots, whose position is not
the same on the two sides of the head ; another jmir is placed near the
genal edge. There are two sensory organs (pale spots) on each side of the
anterior part of the frons. The occiput has three rows of bristles. The first
and second segments of the maxillary palpus are nearly the same in length,
the third is much shorter, while the fourth is longer. The rostrum reaches to
three-fourtlis of the forecoxa. The first segment of tlie labial paljjna is longer
than the fourth and shorter than the fifth, whereas the second and third
together are but little longer tlian the fourth. The first segment of the
antenna is short ; the bristles of the second segment are (jnite short, being not
longer than those of the first.

Thorax. — The pronotal comb consists of eighteen spines, besides a small sp'ne
on each side. The mesonotum bears three rows of bristles, besides numerous
short ones whirli are placed at and near the base, there being on each side also
three or four sj)iiies on the inside before the apex. The mesopleura bear about
eleven bristles. The metanotum has likewise three rows of bristles, but those in
the anterior row are less numerous than on the mesonotum. The episternum of
the metathorax has two or three bristles, the sternum one large one (aceompanied liy
a small bristle on one side of the body in our only specimen), and the epimenini
nine (=4, 4, 1). The metanotum, moreover, has a comb of eight short, stout,
dark-brown spines.

Abdomen. — There are two rows of bristles on the tergites, the anterior row
being represented by four bristles on tergite VI and by two on VII. The
stigmata are phu'ed aliove the first bristle on the anterior tergites, and below it on
the posterior ones. The jjostmedian row of tergite VI contains ten bristles on the
two sides together. Of the three autepygidial bristles the middle one is nearly
twice the length of the lower bristle and five times as long as the upper one. The
bristles on tlie sternites number on the two sides together 2, 4, 4, .5, .*), 8.

Legs. — The forecoxa has more than sixty bristles. There are about twelve
bristles on the outer surface of the forefemur, apart from the two snbapical ventral
ones. The mid- and hindfemora have a few lateral bristles near the apex, the
hindfemur also bearing one lateral bristle near the base. Both these femora iiave
two ventral snbapical bristles on the outer surface and one on the inner. The
dorsal bristles of the tibiae do not form a comb. The mid- and hindtibiae have
eight dorsal notches, the third and sixth of which bear only one bristle on
the midtibia, and the sixtli one on the hindtibia. The outer surface of the
midtibia has about fifteen and that of the hindtibia about twenty bristles, besides
a number of bristles placed at and near the anterior edge. The midtibia has two
or three bristles on the inner surface, and the hindtibia fonr or five. The bristles
of the tarsi are numerous but short ; none of the bristles reach to the apex of the
next segment. The fifth segment bears ventrally at the apex two bristles, which

( 120 )

are placed far apart from one another. The proiiorti.niiil hMi,2:ths of the segments
are :

Midtarsus : fJ, 13, N, '^l, H.

Hindtarsns : ^(5, I'.i, 11,7, l'-*.

Modified segments.— The seventh sternite (Fig. :t, VII st.) gradually narrows
towards the apex, whuh is broad and almost evenly rounded off in side-view. The
eii'lith tergite (VIII t.) bears several small bristles above the stigma, and one large
bristle accompanied by a row of fonr or live small ones below it. On the ventral
jmrtion of the eighth tergite there are about eight long bristles on the side and
about eight shorter ones proximally to them ; the apical margin, moreover, bears
two loiitr bristles and below them a thinner and shorter one and a still shorter
bristle. On the inside there are near the apex two or three short and stout bristles.
The stylet is nearly cylindrical from the base to the bristles. It is two and a half
times as long as it is broad at the base, and bears a long apical bristle and proxi-
mally to it on the under respectively outer surface two shorter ones. The
receptacnlam semiuis (Fig. 3) has a long, irregularly pear-shaped head, which
gradually merges into the short tail.

Length : TT mm.

One ¥ from Dacca in India, obtained on Miis alexaiidrinus by Capt. Listen.

Craneopsylla gen. no v.

All the American species hitherto jilaced in the genus Stephunocircus Skuse
(1890) differ in certain characters from the Australian forms and constitute a
well-defined genus.

The maxilla is not elongate-triangular in side-view as in Stephanocivciis, but
irregularly elongate-ovate with the tip somewhat jiointed. The hindcoxa bears a
row of spines on the inner surface. The anal tergite is not separated from the
preceding segment by a broad membranons suture as in the ? ? of Stephanocircus,
and the stylet is at the most three times as long as it is broad proximally.

Genotype : C. wolffhaeijeli Roths. (1900).

Craneopsylla achilles spec. nov.

S. Close to C. tcol/fsuhiii Koths. (19u9), of which it is most probably a geo-
graphical representative. The genitalia, however, differ so much that the new
insect must be regarded as a distinct species. Ajiart from these organs there
is hardly anything by which achilles can be distinguished from irol/l'sohiu. The
comb of the helmet contains thirteen teeth on each side, instead of eleven as
in the i of icolj'aohni. The genal comb consists of five teeth as in that species,
but the upper tooth is much smaller and more isolated from the rest in ac/tilles.
The pronotnm bears a comb of eighteen teeth and two rows of bristles, not three
as in irolffaohd. The mesonotum has likewise two rows, there being no additional
bristles dorsally in front of the rows.

We are by no means certain of the homology of all the parts of the modified
abdominal segments of the $. As only a single specimen each of the c? c? of
tcolffmhni and achilles is known to us, we cannot therefore ascertain the homology
by making dissections, and hence have to describe and figure the organs as they
present themselves in the mounted specimens. In both species under discussion
the eighth abdominal tergite bears in the <? a slender (internal) manubrium on each

( 1-^1 )

side, wliieli in arhiUen is turned upwards in crescent shape, whereas it is feebly
curved in .S-shape in wolffsoluii. The ninth tergite is continued inwards for some
distance and here deeply excised, the lower lobe thus formed beinjr the manubrium ■
of the clasper. The excision is wider in achillcs than in icolffsohni, the manubrium
(M) being likewise broader at its base and the dorsal internal portion of tlie segment
consequently smaller. The large flaj) (P') of the clasper is longer and narrower
than in wolffsohni, and the arrangement of its bristles is different. There is an apical
row of six bristles on this flap, then follow at the upper margin two more isolated
bristles, and finally a row of four. The tips of these bristles incline inward. On the
outer surface of the flap there are six short bristles. We do not find a homologon
of the stylet-like process observed above the flap in wolffmlnti . The two other
processes, however, marked P- and F in oar figure, are similar to the corresponding
processes of irol/fsolmi. The movalde process F bears a peculiar spine, which is

Fig. 4. — Clasping organs of Cranfojmi/lla acliillcs (J.

incrassate in the middle and ends in a sharp claw-like tip, the incrassate portion
being transversely excavate on the distal side, and somewhat twisted. Ventrally
to the clasper, the seventh sternite from inside, a slender and nearly straight
process projects on each side which is not present in ivolfsokni, and which we
believe to belong to the eighth sternite. The process bears two very thick spines
and near the apex a thin third sj)iue.

Length : 2 mm.

Ohota, Ecuador; taken o(f Ori/zomijs uUji<ji(lari!i by L. Siiderstrcim ; one S in
the British Museum.

Craneopyslla ares spec. nov.

?. Very near ('. m(ii:-< Uoths. (IS'.KS), from Tierra del Fuego. As only one
specimen each is known of laars and this new form, it is impossible to say if the
dift'erences mentioned below are geographical or specific. We expect them to be
geographical. Both mars and ares have a very remarkable receptaculum semini.s.
The head of the same is globular and separated from the tail by a deep constriction,
while the j)ortion of the tail nearest to the head is much swollen, and contrasts
sharply with the curved part of the tail.

(122)

The main differences between the two forms are as follows :
The genal comb consists of six spines in mnrs and of five in ares. The
pronotum I)ears in arcs three rows of bristles, the posterior row containing
on the two sides together 18 bristles, and the anterior rows together 37, the
nnmbers being 17 and 24 in mars. The mesonotum has three rows in mars
!ind fonr in ures, both insects bearing additional bristles at and near the base.
The metanotnm has three rows in both mars and ares, bnt there are some
additional dorsal bristles in ares which are absent from mars. There are two ante-
pygidial bristles in nuirs and three in ares. The bristles on the abdomen are more
nnmerous in ares than in 7nars, tergite VI having (on the two sides together) a
postmedian row of 17 in ares, and in front of it 19 shorter bristles, the numbers
being 16 and 13 in mars, on tergite VI ures having 12 and 17, and mnrs
Vi and V2. The sternites III to VI bear on each side five bristles in ares
and fonr in mars. Tergite VIII has in both forms a straight apical edge, bnt
while there are along this edge and near the ventral edge together six long
bristles in mars, there are eight or nine in ares.

One ¥ from Temnco, Chile, taken off Akodon olivaceus by Dr. S. Bnllock on
Febrnary 11, 1908.

Stephanopsylla gen. nov.

?. Near Stephartocircus Sknse (1890). Helmet not compressed, bnt depressed,
being nearly horizontal ; no radiating incrassations ; between the spines and the
frontal (npper) edge two rows of small hairs and several long bristles, posteriorly
on the nppcrside a nnmber of minnte hairs and on each side a sensory organ (pale
dot). Genal comb absent except for the spine-like npper angle of the genal edge.
Rostrnm reaching to the ajiex of the forecoxa, the labial palpns consisting of eight
segments. Bristles of second antennal segment nnmerous and short ; club nearly
twice as long as it is broad. Abdomen with complete combs (in the only species
known on tergites I — IV). Basal abdominal sternite with numerons bristles, sternite
VII with few bristles. iStylet three times as long as it is broad at the base. Snbanal
sensory plate (" pygidium ") with more than forty grooves (44). Anal tergite not
divided off by a transverse suture at some distance from the pygidinm.

Genotype : S. tliomasi Roths. (1903), described as a StephanocircHs.

( 123 )

ON THE SKELETON OF PALAE O COB AX MOEIORUM.

By W. p. PYCRAFT, M.B.O.U., A.L.S., Etc.

[Published hy permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
Plate II.

nnHE existence of the bird whieli forms the subject of this paper was first brought
-*- to light by Dr. H. 0. Forbes, who discovered numerous wing and leg bones of
a crow-like bird in recent, or late Pleistocene beach deposits, in Chatham Island.
These he described {Nature, xlvi. p. 252) as the bones of a member of the genus
Comis, since they were precisely similar to those of living members of this genus.
Later, however, skulls came to hand, and from an examiiiatiou of these Dr. Forbes
became convinced that these remains mnst after all be regarded as of a bird repre-
senting a new genus, to which he gave the name Palaeocorax* This bird, on
the new evidence, he contended, was intermediate in character between the
completely aegithognathons Coracomorjjhae, as represented by Corvug, and the
compound aegithogoathism of forms such as Gymnorhina.

It seems open to question whether, after all, this bird is entitled to rank as
generically distinct from the genus Corar, and it is certain that it has no genetic
connection with Gymnorhina.

The following jjages will, it is hoped, confirm these contentions.

The Skull.

Though the skull of Palaeocorax moriorum agrees very closely with that of
the raven, Cortus corar, it differs therefrom, and from all other Corvidae, in one
or two noteworthy particulars.

In regard to size, as the subjoined measurements show, it is inferior to the
Raven, bnt exceeds that of any other member of the ( 'orvidae.

Length. Tostorbital Wi.ltli.

Palaeocorax . . . .112 mm. . . .47 mm.

Corax 115 mm. . . . 50 mm.

Corvultur .... 105 mm. . . .48 mm.
In its cranial characters Palaeocorax differs from Corvus corax, as to the
occipital region chiefly in the greater distinctness of the cerebellar prominence, and
the relatively shorter distance between the rim of the foramen magnum and the
lambdoidal ridge. In the lateral aspect of the cranium the differences are slightly
more marked. In the first place the postorbital process is both actually, and
relatively, longer, turns slightly outwards and forwards, and has the ridge for the
itermotemporalis muscle more strongly developed, while the " temporal fossa " for
the temporalis muscle is less circular in outline. Though the difference in the
form and size of this process is not very great, it materially changes the form of
the orbit, since in the Raven this cavity has the form of a long antero-posteriorly
truncated oval, while in Palaeocorax it is circnlar. Further, while in Corvus corax
there are two deep depressions for the orhitomaxillaris muscle, in Palaeocorax the
superior border of the scar marking the origin of this muscle takes the form of a
'o"g .JS'gged line or ridge running outwards to the postorbital process.

♦ Bull. Brit. 0)11. Club. 1892. p. xxi. i

( 124 )

In tlie form of the tympanic cavitj' Palaeocorax agrees very closely with that
of the Raven ; indeed it seems to differ only in tliat the processus articularis
sijtiamosi is less sharply defined. In hoth, it is to be remarked, the lateral occi])ital
wing which bounds this cavity posteriorly sweeps ronnd sharply into the base of
t\\e processus zyyomaticiis srpifimosi, and anteriorly terminates beneatli the recessus
tijmpanicits anterior.

The basi-temporal plate in Pdlaeocorax differs from that of the Raven, and
apparently C'orvidae as a whole, it may be remarked, in tliat it terminates in a
slightly raised free border, or, more accurately, in a slightly deflected edge, instea<l
of fusing with tlie basisphenoid. Vestiges of basipterygoid processes are slightly
more marked than in other Corvidae. The parasphenoidal rostrum is relatively less
swollen at its base than in the Raven.

Tlie antorbital plate and lachrymonasal fossa agree exactly with those of the
Raven, save only that the external lateral border is relatively shorter than in the
Raven ; thus the free edge of this plate is but little longer than the base thereof
at its fnsion with the interorbital septum, while in the Raven, and Coreultur,
for examjile, this free edge is considerably longer than the width of the base.
The interorbital fenestra is actually, as well as relatively, larger than in the
Raven.

So far, it will be remarked, no very striking characters have been pointed out
whereby the skull of Palaeocorax may be readily distinguished. If, however, the
palate be examined, it will at once become evident that the skull of this bird may
be distinguished from all other Corvidae. lu the first place the palate is almost
completely roofed in, only a narrow arcuate space being left in front of the vomer.
This condition of affairs is due in part to the ossification of the inferior border of
the nasal septum, and in part to ossification of the olfactory cartilaginous capsule.
A further contribution to this roofing is made by the maxilla, which is less reduced
than in other Corvidae, in tlie matter of its palatine extension. The maxillo-
]iiilatine processes are also larger actually, as well as relatively, than in the Raven ;
furthermore "they are connected with the main body of the maxilla by a very short
and wide, instead of a long and slender stem : the difterence in length, however, is
accounted for by the backward extension and great breadth of the maxillo-palaliue
itself

The vomer is unnsually large, exceeding that of the Raven in width. On the
form of the vomer alone, indeed, Palaeocorax may readily be distinguished from all
the other Corvidae. The peculiarity in shape lies in this : that, seen from below, it
terminates anteriorly in abroad, flat, donble-scalloped edge, instead of in a U-shaped
notch whose sides are bevelled. Seen from above it will be noticed that the lateral
in-turned plates which spring from the sides of the body of the vomer are bent over
so as to overhang its dorsum at a sharp angle, whereas in the Raven these plates
take rather the form of high scrolls, rising at right angles to the horizontal jilaue
and having a semicircular section. Into the trough thus formed the nasal septum
is received.

The nasal septum in the Raven, and perhaps the majority of the Corvidae, is
cartilaginous, but in Palaeocorax it is almost com])leteIy ossified. The cjnadratcs
and pterygoids are unfortunately missing in Palaeocorax. The ]ialatines diflVr in
no essential particulars from these rods in the Raven.

Finally, the anterior nares in Palaeocorax are relatively smaller than in the
Raven.

( 125 )

GenefwVl (.'omi'ARIsons.

The ijeculiarities of the skull of Palaeocorax, though not perhaps very sti-ikiiig,
will be the more easily apparent, and their siguificaace the more readily perceived,
if we take a brief survey of the skulls of the Corvidae in general iu so far, at any
rate, as they present characters bearing on the main theme of this paper.

As touching the parietal region of the skull, it will be remembered that
differences iu the "temporal fossa" were pointed out wherein the skulls of
Palaeoccrax differed from that of the Raven. These differences concerned the
form of the " scars " or depressions for the temporalis and dennotemporalis
muscles, and au examination of a series of skulls belonging to different genera of
tlie Corvidae shows that these "scars," as well as the form of the processus ~ij(]o-
maticns squamosi exhibit many slight differences of form, which, apart from their
morijhological value, may prove useful characters for systematic ptirposes. Aud
the same remarks apply to the anterior palatal vacuity.

As touching the parietal region of the skull, the chief differences presented
are to be foand iu the relative size and shape of the postorbital process and the
processus z^//omaticus squamosi, and in the muscle-depression for the temporalis.

Only among the Corvidae is the postorbital process well developed. In
Coleiis, Pica, (Jarridus, Sucifraga, Deiidrocitta, Urocissa and Psilorhinus it is
much reduced, in some cases almost to the vanishing-point.

An ossified nasal septum apparently occurs only in Palaeocorax, Macrocorar,
Corcidtur, and in Corcus scapidatus and C. amcricanus.

In regard to the vomer, though the range in relative size and shape is not
great, it yet presents some noteworthy characters. It presents its maximum iu
Palaeocorax (p. 123), while in Cordis scapidatus, Psilorhinus mcxicaiius, and
Urocissa mag/iirostris it is extremely wide anteriorly. On the other hand it is
much reduced in Corcus frugilegus, Macrocorax, (jarrulus, Coleus, Pica and
Nuci/raga ; iu the last-named genus the free eud is rounded instead of notched —
a further stage in degeneration.

The maxillopalatine processes, like the vomer, present noteworthy characters.
As with the vomer, they present their maximum development in Palaeocorax,
wherein they are of great width (p. 12:3). In no other member of the Corvidae is
the maxillopalatine so wide, or are the backwardly-directed spurs — the maxillo-
palatine processes — so large. In the matter of these processes, however, an
apju'oach is certainly made in the case of Coreus frugilegus, in Psilorhinus mexi-
canus, and in Corcultur crassirostris. At the other extreme we find Nuci/raga and
Corvus scapulatus, wherein these rods are long and narrow and imperfectly ossified
at their free end, as well as Dendrocitta, Urocissa, Garrulus, Coleus and Pica,
wherein varying stages of reduction may be traced.

The lachrgmal is unfortunately missing iu most of the skulls herein described;
happily it has been preserved in some. It ajjpcars to attain its maximum in
Corcus scapulatus, C. macrorhgncha and Garrulus glandarius, and reaches its
minimum in Coleus monedula. In the first-named species it is roughly C-shaped,
the interior limb being much swollen and projecting beyond the autorbital
plate so as to rest on the quadrate-jugal bar. In Psilorhinus, while of the same
shape the interior limb is more or less spatulate, and does not reach the interior
border of the autorbital plate. Corcus amcricana agrees with Psilorhinus in this
respect, but the spatulate end is much swollen. In Corcus comix both extremities

( 126 )

are spatnlate and slic;litl_v swollen. In L'rocissa and Pica it is almost oolnmnar,
constricted in the middle, and greatly swollen. In jS'uci/raffa the inferior limb is
laterally expanded to form a large swollen cushion projecting on to the qnadrato-
jngal bar. In Colcus, which closes this series for tlie present, this ossicle takes
the form of a slender curved rod, extending downwards to reach the ipiadrato-
jngal bar.

Another ossicle which demands mention here is that which was originally
fignred and described by AV. K. Parker in his monnmeutal papers on the palate of
the Aegithognathons Birds (T. Z. .S'.,vols. ix. and x.),aud called by him the " sej)to-
raaxilhiry." Occurring in pairs, he regarded them as " separated horns of the
vomer"; but I am not certain that their true nature has yet been determined.

I find them well developed, and i|uite distinct, in Cortus americnnm and
Psilorliiiais mexicanus. In the last-named they occur as oblong plates extending,
one on either side, from the maxillo-])alatine jilate, immediately dorsad of the base
of the stem of the backward spur forming the maxillo-palatine plate, to the antero-
lateral angle of the vomer in the latter ; in Corvns the bitid extremity of the vomer
is produced beyond the ossicle.

The Sternum.

The sternum of Palaeocorax resembles that of the Raven, Cordis corar, but
may be distinguished therefrom by its smaller size, having a total length of 70
as again?t 70 — the minimum length of the sternum of the Raven— and by the
relatively smaller sj)ina externa. This in Palaeocorax has a relatively shorter and
more slender stem and is more sharply incised interiorly. The carina sterni in
Palaeocorax is relatively shallower, and does not terminate anteriorly, as to its
inferior border, in a point. The posterior notelies are relatively wider and shallower,
while the posterior lateral processes are relatively wider. There are but five
articular surfaces for the sternal ribs, as in tlie Raven. In the rapid widening of
the corjjun sterni immediately behind the last articular facet for the hindmost
sternal rib, Palaeocorax resembles Corrag ami'r/ca)i'is, though a similar widening,
it must be remarked, occurs in many of the Corvidae.

The Shoulder Girdle.

The J'urciila differs from that of the Raven, Corvus corax, in being smaller,
and in having the free ends relatively less expanded. The hypocleideum projects
markedly backwards in the middle line, and is inclined directly upwards and not
upwards and backwards as in the Raven. Finally the dorsal, concave aspect of the
fused proximal ends of the clavicles are marked by a deep groove. In the form of
the hypocleideum Palaeocorax recalls Corcus amcricaims and C. lomjirotitntin.

The coracoid differs from that of the Raven in many minute characters too
subtle for description, but chiefly in the relatively large procoracoid process, in the
shallower depression for tlie lung head of the bici'ps, and in the feebler develo[imont
of the ridge dividing the areas of attachment of the supracoracoideas and coraco-
bracldaliis posterior ; further, the hamulate, in-turned area for the articulation of the
expanded end of the furcula is in Palaeocorax less developed.

The scapula in Palaeocorax has its free end much more arched, and less tapering
than in the Raven, and is relatively indeed in this region much wider tlian in any
other Corvidae ; furthermore, the scar for the insertion of the snpra-s})inatus is
deejier.

( 12V )

The Pelvic Girdle.

Tliu innominate bones are incomplete, lacking the pubes, and ])ortions of the
free ends of the ischium. Markedly smaller than in the Raven, but larger than in
most other Corvidae, it seems to differ from the Raven chiefly in having the free
edge of the pre-acetabular ilium more decidedly arched, and the anterior extremity
thereof of a more regular oval contour. The cavity of the pelvis affords rather
more tangible differences, but nothing of any importance. One would have sup-
posed that the synsacral vertebrae of Palaeocora.c would have retained rather more
primitive characters than are to be met with among existing Corvidae ; but such is
not the case.

There are eleven synsacrals, as in the Raven, and the Corvidae in general. Of
these are one thoracic, three lumbar, two lumbo-sacral, two sacral, and three caudal.
The Inmbo-sacral vertebrae have lost their parapophyseal processes, though these
have been retained by the first lumbo-sacral in the Raven. The sacral are scarcely
distinguishable from the caudal vertebrae. The fovea Inmbalis is smaller than
in the Raven by reason of the narrower and relatively slightly shorter pre-
acetabular ilia.

The PEcroitAL Limb.

The humerus is hardly distinguishable from that of the Raven except in its
markedly smaller size. The principal distinguishing feature lies in the fact that
in the fossil the pneumatic foramen which opens into the fossa SKbtroclianterica is
larger, relatively, than in the Raven, while the rim of this foramen is, mesiad,
more sharply defined and forms a <-shaped angle, wherein it resembles Cortus
aiiicricana. In C. loiii/irostris and in ('. jriigih'(pis, it ma}' be remarked, this
foramen is obsolete. Finally, the width across the proximal end, from the crista
superior to the crista inforior, is relatively less in the fossil than in the Raven.

The forearm, in relation to the humerus, is much shorter in Falaeocorax than
in the Raven, and in this respect it resembles Coretis americana.

While the ulna of L'alacocoraj: agrees, even in matters of small detail, with
that of the Raven, this is by no means true of the radius. Thus, in the Raven,
immediately veutrad of the cotylus for the radial condyle of the humerus, there
will be found an elongated laterally-compressed boss, having its free edge deeply
indented to form an oval cup for the origin of the extensor indicis lougus. In
I'alaeocorux this boss of bone is so deejjly cut away distad, that the cup just
described appears to have been hollowed out of a strongly developed hook-
shaped process. The distal extremity of the bone has the articular surface for
the radial relatively much smaller than in the Raven ; while the radial shaft
differs in the much more extensive development of the ridges for the extensor
indicis lonyiis.

Of the manus only the carpals, carpo-metacarpus, and the pollex have been
preserved, and these afford no characters, apart from the smaller size, whereby
they may be distinguished from the same elements in the Raven. But both the
manus of this fossil and of the Raven agree, and differ from that of the smaller
Corvidae in having a deep pit at the base of Mc. Ill for the insertion of the
ligament attached to the inferior limb of the ulnar.

T\u' femur in I'ahieocorax is as long as in the Raven, and therefore is a
relatively much longer bone than in that bird. It may be distinguished from
that of the Haven not only on account of its greater slenderness, but also by

( 1-^^ )

the smaller size of the popliteal fossa. These distinctions are, however, extremely
sligiit. But the femora of these two species may at once be distinguished from
that of any of the smaller Corvidae by their greatly superior size, and the dei.'p
cnp-shapod cavity at the base of the external trochanter, for the origin of the
tleuor perforans digitorum profumhis only a very faint depression marking this
spot in the smaller Corvidae.

The tibio-tarsus in Falneocorn.r is as long as in the Raven, herein affording
further proof that the fossil bird was relatively much longer in tlie leg and shorter
in the wing than in the Raven. Bnt tlie tibio-tarsus of Palaeocorax may readily
be distinguished by the smaller size and triangular shape of the entocnemial
process, and by the mnch greater development of the muscular ridge immediately
beneath and laterud of this process. The cctocnemhd crest is also smaller than in
the Raven, and the fibular crest is shorter. The tibial shaft is also more slender —
actually and not relatively, the shaft is of equal length in tlie two species. The
extensor bridge in the Raven is wider and more obliquely sloped than in
Palaeocorax. Finally, the external and internal trochleae of the distal extremity
of the shaft have an almost circular contoi.r in J'alacocoiax, while in the Raven
the contour is elliptical.

The tarso-metatarsal shaft in Palaeocorax is actually longer, and is also more
slender than in the Raven. In the former it has a length of 7.5 mm., in the latter
of 71 mm., a difference which, having regard to the markedly superior size of the
Raven in other respects, is considerable. The bony bridge, above the tubercle,
for the insertion of the tibialis aiiticiis, under which passes the tendon for the
extensor longus (ligitorum, is wanting in Palaeocorax. Finally, the distal trochieac
are smaller, and the muscular ridges down the back of the shaft are less developed,
indicating a much less powerful foot than tliat of the Raven.

SUMMARY.

Only in its smaller size, and in the character of the palate, does the skeleton
of Palaeocorax differ in any material degree from that of Corax, and it is therefore
open to argument whether it was necessary to regard these remains as representing
a bird generically distinct from the Raveu of to-day; for the differences herein
described are those of degree rather than of kind, as may be gathered from the
facts which a survey of the skulls of other Corvidae have brought to light.

Palaeocorax, though markedly smaller than the Raveu, was yet relatively
a longer-legged bird ; this much is obvious from the fact that the femur and tibio-
tarsus were as long as those of existing Ravens, while the tarso-metatarsus was
actually longer. The greater length of this limb, coujiled with the relatively
smaller wing, sliallower carina sterui and smaller pygostylc, show that Palaeocorax
was not a migratory bird, or addicted to long flights. The characters of the jialate
rather indicate specialisation than a primitive condition.

That this bird was a Raven, and not a t'row, seems evident, since, though
decidedly smaller than tLie Raven, it was larger than any Crow. It seems, indeed,
to have occupied au exactly intermediate jiositiou between the two.

( 129 )

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SATUBNIIBAE.

By k. Jordan, Pn.i).

1. Rothschildia amoena spec. nov.

c? ?. Near li.jorulloides Dogn. (1895) and maurus Bnrm. (1880) ; abdomen as
in those species without white line on npperside. Both wings shorter and broadc r
than in the allied sjiecies. The discal line dentate as in R. jorulloidcs, that of the
forewing both in the new species andjorulloirh's being less dentate from the vitreous
patch to the costa thau in maurus, and in the new species more curved basad
anteriorly and posteriorly than even in jorulloidcs ; the band accompanying the white
discal line is grey, there being only a narrow reddish line alongside the white one.
The white oblique subapical line SO'' — K' of the forewing shorter than in the allied
species, presumably owing to the less produced apex of the wing, median branches
huffish in the central area ; vitreous sjiot triangular, all three sides distinctly
incurved, the costal side least, the black border of the spot distinct ; marginal area
of both wings similarly marked and coloured as in jorulloidcs. Vitreous spot of
hindwing with the black border more distinct than in the allied species, anterior
and posterior sides slightly incurved, proximal side incurved in cJ, convex iu ?,
veins slightly buff; the central area bounded by the antemedian and discal lines
broader than the outer area from the discal line to the margin, the measurements
from the antemedian line across the tip of the vitreous patch to the apex of the
second radial vein being : central area 20 mm. and outer area 17 mm.

These distinctions are repeated on the underside.

lliijj. Matucana and Surco, Oroya railway, 70(tO to SOUO ft.. West Pern.

The Rev. A. Miles Moss bred a number of specimens of this insect. The
description and figure of the larva will be given in another place.

2. Rothschildia maurus lutea subsp. nov.

?. The entire insect clay-colour as regards the ground. The discal line less
dentate than in A', m. maurus, on the forewing anteriorly hardly at all dentate and
here distinctly curved basad, the extreme tij), however, as in maurus, pointing
obliquely distad ; grey scaling outside discal line more extended on both wings
and much more produced distad at the veins ; the vitreous patch of both wings
extended into the discal line, on the forewing its proximal edge anteriorly slightly
incurved and then convex, on the hindwing irregularly ovate, as in specimens of
maurus with exceptionally large vitreous patches ; the black border of the lines
and vitreous spots more distinct than in m. maurus, owing to the pale ground-
colour ; the outer border of the white discal line very slightlj pinkish, less so than
in m. maurus.

On underside duller and paler than on upper, the ground being olivaceous
cinnamon iu the basal half and butfish wood-brown in the outer area.

Length of forewing : 75 mm.

Jla/j. Sapucay, near Villa Ilica, Paraguay, January 21, 1905 (W. Foster) ; 1 9.

Another ?, from Juudiahy, near liio de Janeiro {h\ Dittrich), closely agrees
with the preceding except iu being much smaller (length of forewing Go mm.) and

9

( ISO )

slightly more shaded with fuscous, in the vitreous spots beiug shorter (although
they invade the discal line), and the one on the forewiug having the proximal side
distinctly incurved.

The specimens recall by their luteons coloration B. arcthusa Walk. (1855),
which we know from Eastern Brazil, Paraguay, and the t'haco of Argentina, and as
a special race from the middle Amazons.

o. Rothschildia arethusa rhodina suhsji. nov.

cJ ?. Differs from li. a. arelluim Walk. (Is.Jo) in the discal line of the forewing
being more deeply incurved between costa and vitreous patch, and in the white and
brown scaling between the discal line and the margin being more extended on both
wings above as well as beneath. Moreover, the hindwing is, between the apex and
lower radial vein, distinctly incurved in the S and only feebly rounded in the ? .

Hob. Obidos, Amazons, July— August 19i)T (F. Santos) : one pair.

While in R. tmuirus the black spot below the apex of the forewing is large
and is accompanied by two small narrow spots, usually joined together so as to
form a half-moou, the black spot is small, triangular, acutely pointed in 1{. arethusa,
and is accompanied by two spots which are black shaded with buff and are larger
than the black triangle, being about the size of the buff submarginal spots below
them.

4. Samia lunula fulva sulisp. nov.

c??. A most remarkable race of S. Ininila Walk. (IS.').'!). Body and witgs
dark tawny-ochraceous. Collar and legs without white, with the exception of
the inside of the femora and a minute tuft at the knee-joints. Abdomen with
well-separated rows of small greyish white tufts as in -S'. ci/uthia Drury (1773).

Wings, uppersidc. Antemedian line of forewing more or less shaded with
black, sharply edged with black both on the proximal and distal sides, continued
along the median nervules to discal line ; the latter purer white than the ante-
median one, narrow, sharply defined, on the whole thinner than its sharply-deficed
black proximal border ; at outside of the discal line a narrow fuscous band, slightly
tinged with pink and not bearing a pink or fuscous line as in 6'. lunula ; disc
tawny-ochraceous, irrorated with fuscous ; costal area shaded with grey and i)ink
between discal line and apex ; the submarginal line separates a yellowish buff band
from the more or less olivaceous margin ; discocellular half-moou as in S. lunula,

except that its black anterior edge is more jirominent. The same differences

obtain in the hindwing, with the exception of the discal shadowy band which
borders the discal line bearing a vestigial pinkish fuscous line.

L'ndertside duller than upper, being less bright ochraceous-tawny ; discal band
with a more or less distinct pinkish line, which is best develo2)ed on the hindwing.

Length of forewing : 08 to 7U mm.

Hub. Port Blair, Andamans : I 3 and 4 ? ? .

■"). Actias selene callandra subsp. nov.
c?. Body and wings uniformly maize-yellow. Eye-sjiots smaller than in
A. s. selene Hubn. (ISUO ?), the i)art outside the transparent discocellular bar paler
yellow than the wing, the jiroximal dark lialf-moou bordered with pink at the
transj)arent bar. Subbasal and discal lines blackish olive, sharply marked, a second
discal line sometimes faintly indicated. Lines uf hindwing also blackish olive, less

( 131 )

prominent than on forewing. Tail shaded with pink as in selciie. Eye-spots of
underside pale piuk.

?. Colour as in »t'lene, but tail with just the faintest trace of pink. Eye-spots
smaller, the discal line thicker, the outer margin of the forewing more convex and
the apex more obtuse.

Hub. Port Blair, Andamans ; ' S S and 4 ? ? .

<■>. Rinaca zuleika orites subsp. nov.

c??. Differs from 71. .-. zidcika Hope (1843), which occurs in Silhet and the
Khasia and Naga Hills, especially in the shape of the eye-spots. On both wings
the second line from margin composed of much thinner curved bars. The disco-
cellular reuiform s{)ot of forewing longer and narrower ; the corresponding spot on
hindwing likewise incurved on distal side, being longer transversely to the veins
than in the basi-distal direction, while this eye-spot is rounded in .;•. zideika and
longest basi-distally. Moreover, the discocellnlar bluish white curved bar situated
in the eye-spot is narrower in the new form than in z. zuleika.

Hab. Sikkim ; a long series of both sex'es.

This is the form commonly found iu collections as R. zuleika, while true zuleika
is rarer, at any rate iu museums.

7. Loepa anthera sj). nov.

t??. Closely allied to L. oberthuri Leech (1890). Body and wings deep
chrome-yellow ; tarsi vinous red like underside of femora and of tibiae, ringed with
black. Eye-spots incurved on distal side. SC of forewing from cell (?) or from
angle of cell (<?).

Wings, above, similar in markings to those of L. oberthuri ; forewing suffused
with vinous red from base and hindmargiu to M^ and beyond the postdiscal double
line, a deeper tint in between these lines and along their outside, following the
curves of the lines and extending forward to near the black subapical spot ; discal
line less deeply zigzag than in oberthuri, anteriorly curving costad as in that species,
but being here placed nearer to the postdiscal double line than to the ocellus ;
postdiscal double line a little thicker than the discal line, being posteriorly shaped
as in oberthuri, but anteriorly remaining double to costal margin, the outer one of
the double line almost evenly curved between the veins from M- to 11' and edged
with a white line between SC" and costal margin ; a white submarginal line, con-
tinuous, incurved between the veins (in miranda, kntinka, etc., the bars representing
the line are excurved), no fuscous spots along this Hue, as is the case in hatiuka
and allies ; black subapical spot hardly larger than in sikkinia, smaller than the
chrome-yellow interspace which separates it from the postdiscal double Hue, a slight
indication of a second black spot below 11' ; iu front of black spot a white line,
outside wliich the ground is yellowish ochraceous, not red as iu sikkima, kntinkn.,

etc. Hindwing: abdominal area nut suffused with red, except at inner side of

antemedian line ; discal Hue less deeply zigzag than in oberthuri, inner iwstdiscal
line less dentate ; white submarginal line regularly undulate, as in oberthuri, being
incurved lietwecn the veins and excurved across them.

V ndenide : ocellus on both wings reduced to a narrow half-moon which is
deep vinaceous, 3 to 4 mm. wide, its proximal edge reddish brown, followed by a
white line, u central Hue black edged with whitish on outside, along outer edge of

( 132 )

ocellus a tbiu white Hue ; interspace between the posldiscal Hues pinkish fawu,
except anteriorly, tliis colour extending on forewing across the outer Hue in between
the veins in the' shape of a rectangular spot ; on hindwing the outer line edged with

white.

Tenth tergite of c? deeply cleft, the lobes slightly divergent, not lying close
together as in L. katinka and sikldma.

Length of forewing : 04 to OG mm.

Hub. One pair : S from Tonkin, ti/j>c (received from Monsieur II. Donckior),
and ? from Uigboi, North-Eastern Assam (L. Brunt).

8. Loepa katinka megacore subsp. nov.

c??. On an average larger than ludiiiu specimens, and brighter yellow. The
subbasal Hue of the forewing above black, rarely partly red, not edged with red on
proximal side or the red colour much reduced ; black inner ring of eye-sjiot thicker
on proximal side than in katiulm from Nortli India : apex a little less red both
above and beneath ; subbasal and postdiscal line of hiudwiiig above nut red at
abdominal margin.

Uab. Fadang Boveulanden, West Sumatra ; a long series.

Saturniodes gen. nov.

t^. Very close to Saaana AValk. (iSo.:)) and Copa.va Walk. (1 855), esjiecially
the latter. Branches of the auteuna longer. Spur of foretibia short or absent.
Cross-vein in both wings straight, situated in centre of eye-spot, the latter round ;
subcostal of hindwing terminating in outer margin, not at apex as in Sagana.

The only species known, -S'. mctica Maass., was described as a Sntiintia on
account of its round and ringed eye-spots, but is far removed from S. p>jri and allies,
being a derivation from Copaxa confined to the higher altitudes of the Andes. The
species varies individually and geographically to a considerable extent.

9a. S. medea carina subsp. uov.

<J, The white submargiual band of the forewing above at least 5 mm. wide
below M', being more than twice the width of the huffish white discal creuate line.
Underside of both wings suffused with fuscous and with huffish gallstone-yellow, the
grey ground-colour much restricted or entirely suppressed ; the black apical spot of
the forewing smaller than the ocellus of the hindwing, the submarginal arc situated
below it red or reddish, not larger than the black arc following it.

Ilab. Various places in Carabaya, Sonth-East Fern, June, September, December,
at yiJiJO and OoUU ft. (G. 11. Ockenden) ; 4 cJcJ.

'Jis. S. medea charila subsp. nov.

cJ. Like the preceding, the white submarginal band of both wings rather wider
and, moreover, very distinct also on underside. The latter for the greater part
greyish white, both wings traversed l)y a well-marked fuscous baud suffused with
gulistouc-yellow, touching the outside of the ocellus on forewing and running across
the ocellus on hindwing ; the apical spot of the forewing smaller than the occUus
of the hindwing, the red marking following it represented by an obH(iue hne
surrounded with white aud anteriorly widened by means of some red dispersed

( 133 )

scales ; apical ami snbapical black and veil partitions of submarj,nual line of
liindwing larger than in the preceding race.
Uab. Marcapata, 8onth-East Pern ; 1 J.

9c. S. medea miles snbi3p. nov.

c?. White submargiiial line narrower than in the previons forms ; the black
apical spot of the forewiug larger, especially beneath, where it is at least as large
as the black centre of the ocellns of the hind wing. This spot on the underside
followed by a large red spot; first two red and black partitions of the snbmarginal
line of the hiudwing as large as in the preceding race; the snbmarginal white line of
the hindwiug distinct, that of the forewing marked only posteriorly ; ground-colour
whitish grey. Abdomen with a black line at the sides edged with white.

Hab. Rio Blanco, Oroya Railway, West Pern, 12,000 ft. (A. Miles Moss) ; 1 iS.

In this specimen the ocellns of the hindwing above has no vitreous dot and
the outer border of the snbmarginal line is pure white from R' to anal angle. In
a second specimen, from Huancabamlja, to the east of C'erro de Pasco, the ocellns
of the hindwing above has a vitreous pupil, the white snbmarginal line of the
forewing, also on upperside, is less than 2 mm. wide and the corresponding line of
the hindwiug is shaded with red throughout ; the underside is suffused with fuscous
and red as in the Carabaya form. Moreover, the black lateral line of the abdomen
is not edged with white.

9d. S. medea medea Maass.

Sahirnia metlm Maassen, in Stiibel's Reise p. 133. no. 72. t. 5. fig. 7 (1890).

S. White submarginal line of forewing above narrow ; apical spot small above
and beneath. Underside fnscons for the greater part, both wings with a narrow
white submarginal line ; below apical spot of forewing a narrow white crescent (part
of submarginal line) edged with red.

Hab. Ecuador : Pichincha, Riobamba, Iluambaya, at higher elevations.

Catharisa gen. nov.

¥ . Tongue reduced to two thin separate lobes. Palpi quite short. Shaft of
antenna strongly compressed, ventral outline appearing serrate, each segment more
than half as wide again in a dorso-ventral direction as in a basi-distal direction ;
bipectinate, the branches long, slender, curving evenly upwards and then down-
wards, those of the central segments about as long as five segments. Foretibia
with apical thorn as io Heliconisa Walk. (1855) and Coloradia Blake (1863) ; spur
of inside large, more than half the length of the tibia. Spurs of mid- and hindtibia
short, hindtibia with only the apical pair. Forewing with three snbcostals, the first
from cell, upper radial from angle, second radial much before centre, upper angle
of cell about 90", cross-veins less oblique than in the species of Heliconisa. Nenra-
tion of hindwing nearly as in Heliconisa imgenstecheri Geyer (1837?), but the cell
broader at the origin of SC^ the cross-vein traversing the ocellus less oblique and
nearer to the upper median vein.

One species.

10. Catharisa cerina sp. nov.

?. Uniformly greenish chrome-yellow; antenna ochraceous ; tibiae and tarsi
smooth, more or less purplish ; costal margins and fringes rosy. Forewing with

( 134)

sraall diffnse pinkish discocellnlar spot at lower angle of cell ceutreil with white ;
distal margin couvex. Hiudwiiig with black discoccllulur ring (diameter :51 to
4 luiu.) encircliug a greyish white spot. On nndeiside a whitish discocellular spot
encircled on both wings by a purplish or blackish ring, which is more or less diffuse
and smaller than the one on npperside of hindwing.

Length of forewing : 30 to 38 mm.

Ilab. Paraguay ; 3 ? ? .

11. Rhescyntis polyodonta sp. no v.

c? ?. Near Jllmcyntis armida Cr. (ITTO), of which it may be the West Mexican
snlispecips. Similar to light-colonred specimens of that species, but the forewing
shorter and broader and the outer margin of the hindwing in S very obtusely
(tngulate and in ? almost evenly rounded. Forewing grey from base to brnwu
discal band ; antemedian line more distal than in A", armida, incurved in cell and
forming a ring with the discocellnlar bar ; discal line, which bounds the brown
discal band proximally, slightly excurved between costa and lower median, and
then incurved ; postdiscal whitish line sharply marked from costal to inner margins
and bordered for its whole length on the proximal side by a distinct blacldsh-brown
line ; the blackish outer border of the whitish line as in K. armida, with this
exception that it forms four large teeth between the isabella-colonred apical patch

and the lower median vein. On the hindwing the discal line of the S is nearly

]iarallel to the postdiscal triple line, while it is more straight in the ? ; the black
teeth of the postdiscal line much larger than in .1. armida.

?. Paler than the S, the body and the distal marginal border of both wings
bnff; a costal streak at base of forewing black.

Length of forewing : c?, 56 mm. ; ? , 56 to 66 mm.

Ilab. West Mexico : Cnernavaca, September l'J04 (Dr. 11. Galow), Tena-
mastlan in Jalisco, .Tnly 1892 (Dr. Buller), and Guerrero (0. T. Baron); 1 6 and
4 ? ?.

12. Rhescyntis sylla pelias subsp. nov.

c? ? . Paler than /.'. «. sylla Cr. (1779) and hercides Walk. (1855). The huffish
white line bordering the brown discal band broader in both wings, which is esjiecially
noticeable at the costal margin of the forewing ; the marginal area as wide as in
hercules, being appreciably broader than in sylla.

(?. Brown baud of forewing 13 mm. wide at lower median vein and the greyish
fawn costal area 2U mm. ; the walnut-brown streak situated below apex interrupted
at R' and the black patch between R' and R- nearly as large as in hercules, being
larger than in sylla. The fawn patches at outside of huffish white line less purplish
than in sylla and hercules. The tail shorter ; the brown band of the hindwing
15 mm. wide at the npper radial and the marginal area 14 mm.

?. Nearly as bright clayish ochraceons as R. meander Walk. (ls.")."i). Brown
discal band of forewing 18 mm. broad at the lower median, the costal area 20 and
the marginal area 27 ; the black patch below apex very large. Brown band of
hindwing 0 mm. broad at II' and the marginal area 22 mm.; the purplish i)ost-
discal patches large, followed by large tawny arcs.

Hab. Cuyabi'i, Matte Grosso (P. Zobrys) ; one pair.

( 135 )

SOME NEW SFniNGIDAE.

By K. JORDAN, Ph.D.

]. Protoparce scutata brasiliensis subsp. nov.

c?. Sides of tboi-a.x and the upperside of head and forewing distinctly more
greyish than in P. s. scutata E. & J. (1903), but less than in P. tucumana R. & J.
(1903), which latter represents fu'utafa in the Argentines. Smaller than «. scutata ;
the black discal patches on the forewing somewhat shorter ; the black median band
of the hindwing broader, the black lines on the nnderside of that wing more
distinct, the onter one being regularly dentate. Black spots on nnderside of
abdomen smaller. Harpe less strongly curved distally, with shorter apical process
than in s. scutata, but nevertheless sickle-shaped, and much larger than in tucu-
mana. The tooth of the penis-sheath is small and is placed at a considerable
distance from the apex in P. tucumana and the forms of scutata, as well as in
hnmihal, while it is apical and large in P. pellenia.

Ilab. Rio de Janeiro -,236.

Resembles P. hannibal Or. (1779) to a certain extent.

2. Protoparce pellenia janira subsp. nov.

S . Smaller than P. p. pellenia ; the underside of the abdomen almost pnre
white ; the harpe much larger, its distal margin much more strongly convex and
the proximal margin incurved, the harpe resembling that of P. tucumana, bnt is
much broader.

Differs from /■'. scutata brasiliensis, which is synpatric with janira, in the
forewing being perceptibly broader, the basal and apical areas of both wings more
prominently variegated, the grey bands of the hindwing shaded with fuscous ; the
apical lobe of the harpe, (which is directed basad) much shorter, the apex of the
tenth tergite slenderer in a lateral aspect, and in the tooth of the penis-sheath being
apical as in P. p. pellenia.

Ilab. Rio de Janeiro (E. May); 2 c?c?.

3. Protoparce dalica anthina subsp. nov.

(?. The ground of the forewing from near the white subbasal markings to the
thick black postdiscal undulate line hazel-colour, hardly at all shaded with fuscous
between the discal lines and the postdiscal one, this colour being far more distinct
than in any specimens from the Andes which we have seen.

Ilab. Rio de Janeiro (E. May) ; 2 c?c7.

4. Polyptychus amabilis spec. nov.

S. Tongne quite weak and short. Palpi large, first segment very short, the
joint not distinctly open, second long and broad, third minute, the palpi and frons
together appearing rounded in a lateral view. Antenna short, ventral line straight,
lateral outline slightly undulate in a dorsal or ventral aspect. All the tibiae with
numerous spines, spurs short, longest apical one of lundfibia not much longer than
the tibia is broad.

( 136 )

Bod}' the colour of raw sifiuiii, thorax with l>hickii?h mesial line, sides of
abdomen rosy. Legs and a spot beneath the base cif the forewing blackish, hindleo-s
shaded with rosy.

Wings, iipperside : forewing raw sienna, a large patch beyond apex of cell and
a small one at apex of wing ochreons ; fonr blackish-brown linos as follows: two
parallel, 2i mm. apart, from costal margin obliquely to inner margin, curved, the
proximal one being anteriorly 4 mm. and posteriorly 9 mm. from base, the point
of origin of M" in between these lines, a second pair on disc, also parallel, but
approaching each other at hiudmargin, cnrved in S-shape, parallel with outer
margin in centre : outside these discal lines some indistinct brown dots ; a thia
discocellnlar bar and a short subapical curved bar bordering the yellow apical spot
also brown ; apex pointed but not much produced, the onter margin slightly
incurved below apex and then evenly rounded, the inner angle very obtnso ; costal
and hindmargins brownish ; numerous brown speckles all over the wing. Hind-
wing rosy red, shading off into raw-sienna colour towards outer and abdominal
margins, two indistinct brown discal lines curved in S-shape, and numerous brown
specks in the outer half and before the abdominal edge.

Underside ochfeous, forewing from base to apex of cell and to inner angle rosy
red, as is also a patch before abdominal edge of hiudwing extending from base
towards anal angle ; on disc of both wings two thin and ill-defined reddish-brown
lines ; the yellow parts of both wings irrorated with reddish brown. Subcostal and
first radial of hindwing on a very short stalk, second radial from centre, lower angle
of cell pointed, but not much produced, distance from lower angle to lower median
somewhat shorter than to upper angle.

Tenth tergite {S) lanceolate in a dorsal view, with sharply pointed apex, tlie
latter compressed, hence rather obtuse in a lateral aspect and slightly curved
downwards. Tenth sternite triangular, shorter than broad, with the apex rounded
off. Clasper short, without friction-scales, dorsal and apical margins strongly
rounded, ventral margin incurved, harpe weak, proximally rngate, the distal part
narrow, with nearly parallel sides, the apex slightly bent down, proximal jiart
produced into a short, broad, rounded ventral lobe. Apical margin of penis-sheath
produced into a broad lobe, which is strongly narrowed apically into a sharp point.

Length of forewing : 31 mm.

Hab. Belgian Congo ; 1 3.

( 137 )

TWO NEW AFEICAN BUTTERFLIES.

By K. JORDAN, Ph.D.

1. Pseudacraea kuenowi hypoxantha snbsij. no v.

In a paper read at the Entomological Congress at Brussels I referred, inter alia,
to the similarity obtaining between the Nymphaline genus Pseudacraea and the
Acraeine genus I'lanema, and showed a nnmber of the forms belonging to these two
genera. Among them was a Psemhu-J'uea from Uganda which in literature and
collections is generally identified as P. kuenowi Dew. (1879). The insect, however,
is not true Iiucnowi, but a markedly different race which has as yet no name. As the
committee of the Congress does not deem it advisable to publish new names in the
Comj/tcs Rendus — now in press— I take the present opportunity of describing and
naming the new Pseudacraea.

<S ? . Smaller than true kuenowi. Sexes practically alike in colour ; the ?
rather larger than the c?, its forewing being more elongate and the distal margin of
its hindwing less rounded. Band of forewing paler yellow than in kuenowi from
Angola and the Congo, being bright buflfish orange, not ferruginous orange as
in kuenowi (Dewitz describes the band as "fulva" and as "gelb"; in our two
specimens, SS, the colour is as stated above); the band, moreover, is broader
than in true kuenowi and more sharply defined, being less invaded by black from
the distal margin, the spot R^— M' as long as the next two, all three reaching
close to the margin and being well defined also on the proximal side, the
anterior portion of the band from W to upper angle of cell half as broad
again as in true kuenowi. Anal angle of hindwing paler yellow ; the white
band on the whole broader..

Underside paler than in kuenowi.

Fairly common in Uganda ; name-type from Entebbe, June 1002 (Major
Rattray).

2. Charaxes protoclea nothodes subsp. nov.

Herr R. Graner, from whom we have received some small but very interest-
ing collections of Lepidoptera, discovered in the hills to the west of the north end
of Lake Tanganyika, a form of Ckaraxe.-i which so completely links the West
African protoclea Feisth. (18.50) with the East African azota Hew. (1877) that
these insects must now be regarded as being geographical forms of a single
species. The trne protoclea extends as far east as the Manyema country at the
Upper Congo. Between this country and the Lake the new race notkodes occurs,
and further east and south azota is found.

c?. Head, prouotum, and base of forewing at costal margin more or less
distinctly chestnut. Forewing, above, with a marginal and a snbmarginal series
of orange spots ; the snbmarginal row extends from SC* to the hindmargin, the
spots being clearly marked in two specimens, the first spot absent from one
example and the five anterior spots more or less obsolescent in two other
specimens ; the marginal row also extends to ISC'*, the four anterior spots being
small or more or less obsolescent; the two rows are confluent posteriorly, this

( i:^8 )

taking jilace from the hiinlmari,nii to a, little lieyoiul vein SM-, or to near M',
and the posterior spots also merge together in eaeh row.

Tlie orange marginal area of the hindwing is as broad as in iiralu, being
broader than in protodea, especially anteriorly ; the dots in this area are minnte
and sometimes nearly all absent.

The uiidprxule is, on the whole, a little paler than in the palest protodea,
and very slightly darker than in the darkest (t::ota \ the markings in the onter
area of both wings are rather more sharply defined than in azotu.

The penis-sheath bears some minute teeth as in protodea.

Hub. Between Niembo and Kalembo, west of Lake Tanganyika, fino m.,
January 19U9 (E. Grauer).

5>cJ.

ON CAHNUS HEMAPTEEVS NITZSCH {CFXCHRIBOBIA
EGGEMI SCHINER) AND ITS SYSTEMATIC POSITION
AMONG THE DIPTERA.

By J. E. COLLTN, F.E.S.

rr^HE capture of this species in Ronmania by one of the Hon. N. f. Rothschild's
-L corresjiondents, constituting as it does the third recorded capture in nearly
a hundred years, is of great interest, and has made it possible to correctly locate
the species in onr present systematic arrangement of the Diptera.

Carnus hemapterus was described by Nitzsch in Germar's Moj/azin der
Entomologiey vol. iii. (1818), p. 31)5, in an article entitled Die Fanilien iind
Gattungen der Thierinsekten, upon seven specimens (1 cJ, 0 ? ?) found upon young
starlings. A few years later (after 1822) excellent figures of both sexes (communi-
cated by Nitzsch himself) were published in Germar's continuation of Ahrens's
]'aun(i J/isectonim Ettropae, Fasc. ix. Tab. 24 and 2."). Subsequently Egger in
1854 recognised the species from specimens found upon the young of Ftilro
timinailus and described and figured it in Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wieii vol. iv.
jip. 3-7. pi. 2, tigs. 7-11 ; he placed it among the Piipipara and gave a copy of
Nitzsch's description, pointing out several important instances of disagreement
between his specimens and that description, so much so that Schiner in 1SG2 ( ^Vieii.
Ent. Monatsclir. vi. 435) decided that Egger's specimens were generically distinct
from those of Nitzsch, gave them the name of Cenrhridobia cgcjeri, and placed them
near the Bovboridue. Schiner apparently made no allowance for the fact that
Nitzsch's knowledge of Diptera (with the exception of the Pupipard) was very
slight, that the proboscis of Carnus compared with that of any of the Pupipara
could easily be described as "geniculate," and tliat the ocelli of Canuj.'i (at least
in the sjiecimens I have examined) are small and difficult to distinguish, making
it (|uite j)ossiljle for Nitzsch to have overlooked tliem. It certainly is difficult to
understand why Nitzsch, in his short diagnosis of the genus on p. 284, described
the antenna as one-jointed ; but he did not repeat this when he elaborated his
diagnosis on ji. 3ii(i, and one is forced to the conclusion that he made a mistake in
so describing it, when the general api)earance of specimens, or even of Egger's
figures, is compared with the plates in Germar's Fauna Insectorum Ettropae. In

( 139 )

all probability Scliiner wonld liave considerably modified his views, bad he examined
these plates, of which both he and Egger appear to have had no knowledge. I have
very little doubt as to the specific identity of Nitzsch's and Egger's specimens, and
from the points of resemblance given below do not hesitate to place the genus
near ^[eo)leura Rond., now considered to belong to the Milichidae.

The eyes are transverse oval, the jowls deep (about | the vertical diameter
of the ej'e), the antennae are sunk in two deep foveae and hardly visible from a
side view, these two foveae are separated by a chitinous stripe running from the
Innnle to the upper mouth-edge, the ocelli are very small and indistinct. The
frons and its chaetotaxy remind one irresistibly of Meoneura ; the vertical triangle
is large, reaching nearly to the front of frons, but is not sharply defined; apparently
only one of the three pairs of orbital bristles are incurved, the two decussate
bristles on the front of frons are present as in i^Ieniieura, and there are other
smaller bristles on the sides of the vertical triangle; the thoracic chaetotaxy as
far as I can trace* does not differ much from that of Meoneura, the mesopleurae
as well as the sternopleurae boar bristles, including the upturned bristle on the
lower part of the mesopleura found in Meoneura. Only a short stump of the
wing is present, giving one the impression of the wing having been broken off, and
such might well be the case, for Nitzsch called attention to, and figured, a specimen
with a complete, though narrow wing, on one side only.

The specimens examined were found on May 2.j, 1907, upon the more naked
portions of the head of some very young Falco sacer taken from the uest at
Malcoci in Ronmania by A. Rettig.

* All the specimens were preserved in spirit, consequently many of the bristles had been rubbed
off.

z'

( 1-40 )

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW NOCTUIBAE IN THE
TRING MUSEU:k[.

By W. WARREN, M.A., F.E.S.

Subfamily CUCULLIANAE.

1. Cucullia cellulata spec. nov.

Fore wing : Mtiisli gi-py, finely dusted with darker and tinj^ed towards tcrmon
with pale olive-brown ; lines snbobsolete, indicated only on eosta and inner margin ;
a faint olive-brown subterminal shade ; veins dotted dark and pale ; the stigmata
jiale blnish grey, snlxpiadrate, the cell on each side of the orbicnlar olive fnscons ;
the reniform with a pair of largo olive-fnscous spots at top and bottom ; fringe grey,
with a bright pale basal line.

Hindu'inff : uniform brownish fuscous.

Underside olive-brown, paler in the hind wing.

Head and thorax bluish grey ; abdomen brownish ; the anal tufts ochreons.

Expanse of wings : 4i_i mm.

1 (J from Spili in the Himalayas, from the Felder collection.

The apex of forcwing is not produced, and the npper half of termen is les.s
oblique than usual.

-■ Cucullia mediogrisea spec. nov.

Fofeii-iiig : pale grey, tinged with brownish above the median vein and vein 4,
and at anal angle below the thick black streak below vein 2 ; lines marked on costa
by ]iairs of obli(jue black streaks ; the inner lino strongly and acutely angled out-
wards above and below vein 1 ; the outer lunnlate-dentate, the teeth marked dark
on the veins, and forming two oblique black Innules edged externally with white
above inner margin, preceded by a thick oblique black streak from before middle
of inner margin ; stigmata pale brown, detined only by dark dots above and below ;
a long black streak above vein 4, not reaching terraeu, and two shorter and thicker
above veins .j and G, both touching termen ; costa towards apex fuscous lilack, with
black streaks above veins 7 and 8 ; fringe grey-brown, with a bright pale basal line
beyond a series of fine black terminal lunules.

Ihadwtitg : whitish, the termen narrowly fuscous and the veins blackish ; the
terminal border broader and more difl'nse in the ? .

Underside of forewing bronzy lirownish, of hindwing whitish with brownish
border.

Head and thorax dark and light grey ; abdomen browner, grey towards anns :
frontal tufts and collar brownish.

Expanse of wings : 45 mm.

5 (?c?, 2 ? ? from the Khasia Hills, Assam.

Distinguished from utiymatopimm Hmps. by the much whiter hindwing in both
sexes.

[ 141 )
Genus ELWESIA limps.

Etwesia Hmps., F.U.l., Moths ii. p. 171 (18'J-l).

The antennae of the c?c? of this genus (of which Hampson had only seen ? ?)
are somewhat thickened in basal half, with very slender tnberculate fascicles of cilia.

3. Elwesia nigripalpis spec uov.

Forewinij : fawn-colour, more or less dusted with grey ; the lines blackish,
diffuse ; an obscure dark subbasal lino ; inner line outcnrved at one-third, preceded
))y a brown shade ; outer Hue outcnrved above the middle, with blackish teeth
beyond on the veins ; median shade diffuse, beut on median vein, where it touches
the reniform stigma ; stigmata hardly visible, the reniform alone plainer, ligure-
of-8-shaped, with dark centre and pale ring, not reaching below median vein;
subterminal line obscurely paler, waved, between slightly darker shades ; a row of
blackish terminal dots between the veins ; fringe concolorous.

Hindwing : dull greyish fuscous, with darker cell-spot.

Underside greyer, less rufous than in (fiplostigma, with dark cell-spots and
diffuse dark outer line.

Palpi externally, sides of frontal tufts, and outside of forelegs black-brown.

Exjianse of wings : 32 mm.

2 (JcJ, taken by Col. Pilcher in April and May 1«89 at Darjiling.

4. Elwesia pallida spec. nov.

Fore/ring: pale greyish ochreous ; the lines ferruginous, ill-defined ; inner line
waved, oblirpie inwards ; median shade fine, dentate, also oblique inwards below
middle ; outer line lunulate-dentate, oblique inwards above middle and more vertical
below ; the pale waved subterminal line hardly visible ; a row of black terminal
spots ; fringe pale ochreous, with a bright pale crenulate basal line ; claviform
stigma obsolete ; orbicular a small ferruginous ring ; reniform large, shaped as in
diplostigma, but the upper half narrower, reaching below median, and with a round
black spot at end of cell.

Ilhuhvhii/ : greyish i'uscons, paler towards base, with dark cell-spot ; fringe
fuscous, with a broad pale crenulate basal line.

Underside iiale ochreous, slightly speckled in parts with darker ; both wings
with large dark cell-spot and diffuse outer line.

Face and shonklers quite jiale ochreous ; the thoracic crest and patagia some-
what darker, the dorsum more rufous ; palpi externally and forelegs brown.

Expanse of wings : 30 mm.

1 cJ, taken at Darjiling by Col. Pilcher, probably at same time as the preceding
species.

Genus HYALUBOLE gen. nov.

Tongue well developed; frons smooth, roughly haired, like the vertex ; palpi
porrect, long, the second segment rough-haired above and below, the third smoothly
scaled, decumbent ; antennae of d with tnberculate fascicles of cilia ; thora.K and
abdomen witliont crests; pectus and femora wo(dly ; forewing as in Co.sm/a;
hindwing witli veins 0, 7 stalked ; the discocellnlar is acutely angled inwards in the
middle, the lower arm being long and oblique ; the lower half of cell below discal

( 142 )

fold is hyaline thronghont, endiug ia the shape of a wedge (in the S). This
pecnliarity of structure is found also in the genns Tiracola Moore.
Type : //. orthoi^ioidvs spec. nov.

•J. Hyalobole orthosioides spec. nov.

Forewiny : pale yellowish rufous, siirinkletl with darker rufous scales, and iu
parts suffused with grey ; lines brownish rufous ; the inner double, its arms well
separated, ontcurved in middle ; the outer also doable, luiinlate-dentate, the teeth
dark on the veins and partially lost in a baud of grey sufl'iision preceding the waved
and dentate subterminal line ; the outer line is merely slightly flexuous, not, as
usual, strongly incurved below middle ; a brown diffuse median shade below middle ;
claviform stigma absent ; orbicular and reniform of the ground-colour, with brown
outlines, the former round, the latter constricted at middle of outer edge and
reaching below median vein ; terminal dark spots between veins ; fringe concolorous,
with paler base.

Hiruhving : yellowish rufous, gre}'-tinged ; a grey cell-spot, outer line, and
submarginal cloud ; the veins also dark.

Underside much paler, somewhat glossy ; the outer lines and cell-marks only
shown darker.

Head, thora.x, and abdomen rufous ; palpi externally browner ; abdomen
beneath, pectus, and legs paler.

Expanse of wings : J, 32 and 34 mm.

2 66 from Darjiling, taken by (Jol. Pilchcr, without date, but probably
cajitured at the same time as the examples of Klweisia above described.

Subfamily AMPHIPYRINAE.
0. Pareuplexia ruficosta spec. nov.

Forewiny : deep red-brown sprinkled with bluish scales ; a broad pale ferru-
ginous costal streak, widening at apex ; veins dotted with black and blue scales ;
inner and outer lines fulvous red ; the inner angled outwards on subcostal vein,
then running inwards, broadly excurved above and below vein 1, edged with bluish
scales ; outer line narrower, inwardly edged with yellow ochreous, angled outwards
at vein 6, and less strongly on vein 4 and the submedian fold, below which it
becomes more oblique ; snbmarginal line rufous ochreous, irregularly crenulate,
from close to apex to before anal angle, touching outer line on the fold : claviform
stigma brown sprinkled with blue, with deep brown outline ; orbicular and reniform
also brown, sprinkled with blue at centre, with bright rufous ochreous annuli ; the
orbicular very elongate, the reniform conversely oblique and produced above,
externally indented, and extended narrowly backwards along median vein to toucli
the orbicular ; terminal area leadeu brown, sprinkled with blue; terminal lunules
deej) brown ; fringe deep brown, with a pale yellow basal line.

Iliiuhviiiy : olive- brown with a crenulate black terminal line; fringe brown
with yellow basal line and white tijis.

Underside uniform bronzy brown.

Head and thorax rufous brown ; abdomen shaggy, brownish grey.

Expanse of wings : 58 mm.

1 6 from Sikkim, lii,nuO ft., L^M.) (O. Moller).

( 143 )

7. Pareuplexia flammifera spec. nov.

lleseuible.s cnjlhiii-is Hmps., but larger ; the violaceous grey suffusion wider
and paler ; the edges of the stigmata ociueous tinged with rufous, the lower half of
rcnifovm flame-yellow ; hiudwing olive-fuscous, darker terminally ; the veins dark
and thickened terminally into spots in the terminal line.

Expanse of wings : 52 mm.

1 $ from 8ikkim, taken by Col. Pilcher, August 1889.

8. Pareuplexia nigritula spec. nov.

Forewing : deep purple black on a dull red ground, which shows only iu
a ])ostmedian band, in the spots of the subterminal line, in the outlines of the
stigmata, and at base of each fold ; lines obscure, double, intenseh' black ;
the outer dentate-lunulate, the teeth black along the veins, which are themselves
dark ; claviform stigma black, pointed ; a deep black line above it below median
vein ; orbicular elongate, narrow, with red outline ; reniform with central lunule
and inner edge red, outer half a yellowish white semicircle with a small dot
above and one or two below it ; terminal intervals, as well as the veins, marked
with purplish black ; fringe concolorous, with a pale basal line.

HindwiiKj : olive luteous sufl'used witli pale fuscous, with darker outer line and
subterminal shade.

Underside bronzy greyish fuscous, with traces of dark outer lines.

Head and thorax like forewings ; abdomen fuscous.

Expanse of wings : 42 mm.

7 SS,l ? from the Kliasia Ilills, October 180.5.

Much darker, with the reniform whiter, than harfordi Hmps. from Subathu.

9. Pareuplexia dissimulans spec. nov.

Resembles P. iiigritida, but quite distinct; purplish black, but with a bluer
tinge; the two folds streaked obscurely with dull red-brown, and the subterminal
line interruptedly marked with rufous ochrcous, but no red postmedian band ;
the claviform stigma broad and blunt, thickly outlined with black, and with no
black line above it ; orbicular stigma rounded, purple black with a deej) black
outline; reniform with large black outline, except externally, where it is interrupted
across the middle by the brown streak of the cell-fold, and marked by some
ochreons scales, with two white dots in the black outline at lower outer end ;
subterminal line obscurely preceded and followed by black dashes ; fringe dark
jiowdery fuscous, with a faintly paler crenulate middle line.

llindwtny: bronzy olive fuscous, paler basewards, with only a dark submarginal
shade shosvn ; fringe fuscous with pale line at base.

Underside bronzy greyish fuscous ; the outer lines and cell-spots dark ; terminal
area paler.

Head and thorax like fore wings ; abdomen greyish fuscous, the dorsal tufts
black.

Expanse of wings : 42 mm.

1 ? from Hazara, N.W. India, July lfti93 (.Johnstone), from the Elwes
Collection.

( 144 )

10. Pareuplexia humilis siiec. uov.

Forewing : purplish fnscons ; the cell and a hlotch on snbmedian fold between
median shade and onter line darker ; also the row of wedge-shaped marks before
submargiiial line ; the lines as in metallica Wlk., bnt the upper stigmata botli
larger, pnriilish grey ; the orliicnlar black-edged, the reniform with fnlvons
ring and interrnpted by a pale smear across the middle, without any pale dots.

IJindwing : olive-fuscous with darker central line and subterminal border,
followed ]>y a distinct narrow subviolaceous band ; fringe with a paler line at
base.

Expanse of wings : S , A'2 — 48 mm.; ? 4.S mm.

•Z S£,\ ? Khasia Hills, Assam, October 1894.

11. Pareuplexia rufistigma spec. nov.

Forewiidj : deep purplish fuscous, darkest iu cell and snbmedian interval, and
in the praesnbmarginal band, thickly dusted with lustrous blue scales in basal area,
along the lines and margins of stigmata, and beyond outer and subterminal lines ;
claviform diffusely black-edged; the upper stigmata with blue annuli ; the outer
edge of reniform with a large rufous patch ; the praeapical costal sjiots silvery
white.

Uindir'uKj : bronzy olive-fuscons, the fringe and terminal line darker.

Underside fuscous, paler in iiindwiug, s[)aringly dusted with bluish scales
chiefly in terminal area; ditfiisc dark onter lines and subterminal shades.

Head and thorax purplish brown, the hairs tijiped witii blue ; abdomen bron/.y
fuscous, the dorsal tufts darker.

Expanse of wings : 48 mm.

2 ¥ 9 from Sikkim, :,0UO feet, 1889 (0. Moller), from the Elwes Collection.

1~. Pareuplexia luteistigma spec, nov., and ab. ochreistigma nov.

Smaller than i-up'stigma, the blue scales deeper, the annulus of orbicular stigma
showing pale beneath the blue scales ; the reniform with a pale dull ochreous jiatch
in middle of outer edge instead of rufous ; the hindwing muck paler basewards and
with darker terminal border; fringe with the tips whitish.

Underside almost without markings.

3 ? ? from Darjiling, taken by F. Moller.

A form of this last, intermediate in size between it and nifsligma — ah. ochrei-
stigma, ab. vov. — lias, instead of the rounded luteous patch, a bright ochreous
yellow one running up to a point at upj)er end of the reuiform stigma ; the dusting
is dull purplish rather than blue ; and the fringe of hindwing is more conspicuously
white at tips.

1 ? from Sikkim (0. Moller).

Underside as iu nijistigma.

13. Pareuplexia quadripuncta spec. nov.
Foreiving : purjile black througliout, the lines and edges of hiigmala intenser
black ; claviform stigma large, its lower edge produced basewards through the
inner line as a jwinted dash ; outer line very strongly dentate ; the reuiform stigma
on its outer edge with four white dots, two at each end; submarginal line faint,
grey, preceded and followed by indistinct black marks.

( 145 )

Ilint/wiiKj : broiisiv fuscous, much jialer basewards, witli cell-spot and veins
darker ; fringe with pale basal line.

Underside bronzj' fuscous, much paler in hindwing, which has the cell-spot
and outer line dark.-

Head and thorax black ; abdomen fuscons, with the tnfts lilackish.

Expanse of wings : 46 mm.

1 ? from Tonglo, Sikkim, l,00f) feet, -Tnly IssC, (H. J. Elwes).

14. Pareuplexia? nitida spec. nov.

Foreu'im/ : dull olive-brown, glossy in certain lights, finely dusted with grey
atoms ; all the markings very indistinct, indicated by pale scales edged with darker
ones ; inner line waved, followed by an indistinct short black dash, representing the
claviform stigma ; orbicular rounded and reuiform reaching below median, both
with interrupted ochreons grey edges and black outlines ; onter line strongly
dentate, the teeth long, and, like the veins, dusted with ochreons ; subterminal line
more distinct, ochreons grey, partially interrujited, , preceded in the intervals
by dark dentate marks ; fringe concolorous, witli minute pale dots at the vein
€nds.

Hiiidwiiuj : uniform olive-fuscons, the veins and termen darker; fringe with
paler basal line and tii)s.

Underside of liotli wings olive-fuscons, beyond the subterminal lines conspicu-
ously whitish grey.

Expanse of wings : 40 mm.

1 ? from Knmaon, N. India, June 1&93 (C!ol. Pilcher).

15. Data dissimilis spec. nov.

Resembles 1>. th((lpoijhiloides-'^'W. from Borneo, Java, and Sumatra, but differs
as follows : the inner and outer lines are white instead of ochreons yellow ; the
inner bluntly excurved between median vein and inner margin ; the outer excurved
from vein 8 to below vein 1, then bent outwards, not indented on either fold;
space before inner line tilled np with dark ; orbicular stigma with sinuous edges,
pointed at both ends, oblique ; reuiform with lower extremity strongly produced,
with only one white dot ; veins more prominently yellow ; the median shade
angled ; subterminal line conspicuous except between veins 3 and 4, bluish white
and sharply zigzag from costa to vein 4. yellower below 3, and inangied on
submedian fold ; the terminal lunnles tipped with bluish white ; hindwing with the
terminal border narrower.

Underside yellower; the outer lines more evenly rounded, not indented, and
much nearer termen in both wings.

Dorsum throughout dingy yellow ; in tlial/iit/ilutoii/i's the basal segments are
yellower, the last three segments dark.

1 ? from Queensland.

lii. Data similis -^pcr. no\.

Nearest to the last species, dismmilis, but with the veins still [laler, mure
strongly marked ; the subniargiual line not broadly bluish white, but narrowly
whitish, forming three larger teeth inwards and two outwards, obsolete between

1(1

( 146 )

veins 4 and 3, and re!i])i)('iii'in? below :{, as in rlissimilis ; the inner line alinnst
angled on vein 1 ; tlie liorder of liindwinf; l)road, as in tlidl/tnphitoides.
1 ? tVoiii Lower Bnriiia, and ii second without loealitv.

IT. Data obliterata spee. nov.

Foreu'iiu/ : dark red-brown, with broad blurred greenish-white spaces, more or
less obsonring the markings : a i)atch on basal area above median vein, and a
smaller one at base below it ; the inner marj;in beyond inner line meeting a similar
liroud iireenish-white baud obliijne from apex to inner margin limiting the outer
line, which is white and Innulate-dentate, preceded l)y dark Innnles ; a long,
slightly curved white mark along vein 4 towards •) ; a streak of pale green above it;
snbtermiual line marked below middle only by white black-edged Innnles : terminal
area washed witli white; terminal luunles lilack : fringe brown.

llindwitiq : as in rallo/iistiioides, the basal half yellow, the outer co]ipery
fuscous.

Underside fuscous in forewing, more nchreous, exce]>t along costa, in hindwing :
outer lines black and lunulate : terminal area dusted with white : hindwing yellower
towards inner margin.

Head and thorax dark and light brown; abdomen worn, proliably yellow when
I'resh.

Expanse of wings : 'M\ mm.

1 S from Kuching, Borneo.

18. Neopistria esmeralda spe<-. nov.

I'oreicitiq : earth-brown with a rufous-grey tinge, suti'uset! with dark fuscous in
liasal area and towards termen ; veins in places finely j)ali' ; inner line brown,
double, ontcnrved above and below vein 1 ; broadly edged with white above
subcostal vein, more narrowly and interruptedly lielow, tbllowed by a briglit
emerald green shade to vein 1, below it brown; median line lilackisji. nbli(|Uc
to vein 4 and mitwardly ilentate. then vertically incurved ; the outer line similar,
but more strongly oblique outwards and more deeply incurved, the two lines
rnnning close together below middle, incurved again below vein 1, and there marked
by a green spot ; orbicular and reniform large, slightly glossed and ringed with
greenish : claviform stigma round, briglit green outlined with l)la,ck ; suliteriuinal
line formed of irregular green blotches, becoming terminal below vein 5, starting
from a green spot above base of vein 7, followed there by tirsf a white spot to costa
and then some bluish scales ; some dark terminal lunnles, ami white dots at
vein ends.

Iliiiihiiiiii : white, with fuscous terminal border, broad at o<isla, narrowing to
a ponit at anal angle, its inner edge diffuse.

Head, thorax, and dorsal crests dark brown ; dorsum laterally pale.

rnderside of forewing brownish : the basal area and subterniinal blutclies
ochreiin>; iiiiidwiiig (ichreous with dark eell-'-pot iiiiil mitei' liin' : lerniiual liorder
brownish.

Expanse of wings : i^n mm.

Described I'rorn a single 6 from l!ia;;i, Mainbare liiver, British New (iuinea,
51MIU ft., March I'.tdO (.\. S. Meek).

( 147 )

]'•'. Ancara conformis i^\wv. nov.

FoiewiiKj : lirowii-black ; tli'_' lines ainl markings deeper black ; in the geueviil
scheme of markings agreeing well with A oliUti'ntiix Wlk. and its Ah. punrtiplaqa
Wlk. : l)nt tlie oblong red patch beyond the reniform is more irregnlar in shape and
outline.

lliiitlwing : orange yellow, with broad blackish terminal border, which shows
cupreous reflection at apex ; its inner edge below middle is wavy ; abdomen yellow
with black-brown dorsal streak anil the anal tufts tipped with yellow.

1 c? from the Upper f^etekwa Kiver, Snow Mts.. Dutch New Guinea, 2MtM) —
3000 ft., September 1910 (A. S. Meek), corresponding to the ab. j>ttiictiplfi(/a ;
1 ?, 3 (?c? from the Niuay Valley, Cential Arfak Mts., Dutch New Guinea,
3500 fr., November 1 '.(OS— January 100'.).

-'I'. Ancara rubriviridis <pec. nov.

I-'oreiciiifi : velvety blackish: the filling up of the lines and their upper
e.xtrcmities along costal streak, some broad shadings in basal area and on each side
of subterminal line, the veins towards termen with their rounded extremities,
the annuli of the upper stigmata, and a blotch beyond claviform, all deep shining
green ; a partially double streak from reniform along vein o, and the fringe of
inner margin bi-ight vinous red ; the black terminal lunules tij)ped with pale yellow,
forming a row of snbmarginal spots between the green veins.

llhulirimi : yellow, with a broad red-brown terminal border.

Head and thorax black intermixed with green ; abdomen yellow.

■i S li from the Up])er Setekwa liiver, Snow Mts., Dntch New Guinea, -HOii —
3001) fr., September lOlo ( .\ S. Meek).

~i. Acrapex meliauoides spec. nov.

I'lirfiriiKj : dull greyish ochreons with fuscous sutfnsion ; the paler ground-
colour forms two broadening streaks jilong the cell and submedian interspace,
in the former case running up to a[)ex ; costal area diffusely fuscous in the inter-
spaces, the veins remaining pale ; a dark olive-fuscous streak below cell from base
widens outwardly beyoud middle, becoming mm-e diffuse, its njjper edge ruunino-
obliipiely to just below apex ; a third fuscous suH'usion along inner margin ; in the
darker terminal area the veins are slightly paler; orbicular and reniform stigmata
indicated only by blackish dots above and on median vein ; faint traces of a dark
dentate outer line ; some dark terminal spots ; fringe grey, with a darker line
at middle.

Iliiiihrui;/ : dull ilirty grey, darker at termen; fringe pale, with slight rufous
tinge.

Underside dull ochreons grey, the folds of fm'ewiiig and the whole hindwini;-
rather paler.

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dull ^rey.

Kxpanse of wings : ? 32 mm.

4 ? ? tVom the Upper Setekwa Uivei-, Snow .\lts., Diilcli .\e\v (Julnea. Jooii

3000 ft., June-September lUM (A. S. Meek).

The pale streaks along the folds show traces of a tlesh-coloured tinge, which

( 148 )

is probiibly stroni^^er when the insects are (initf fresh. Snperticinlly the insect
resoiuhles the Enropeau Meliant fiimmei. Its nearest ally seems to.bL- ^1. brnnnfa
Hraps. from S. Africa, which is also recorded from Xew (Jninca mid Anstralia.

22. Sesamia grisescens s|)ec. nov.

Forewinq : dull cinereous dusted with dark atoms ; tlie two folds and the
inner margin dnll flesh-coloured ochreous, the streaks reaching snhtermiual line ;
inner line marked only by a dark spot on snbraedian fold; outer lini' hiiiniate-
dentate, very obscure, the tooth on submedian fold marked by a dark spot :
a blackish spot on discocellular and another beyond cell ; fringe concolorons.

Iliii(hciiiq : dirty whitish, grey-tinged towards apex and terraen : fringe
whitish.

Underside slightly glossy, uniform dull grey, the hindwing somen-hat paler.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dull grey ; palpi externally darker.

Expanse of wings : c? 26^32 mm. : ? 32 mm.

4 cJ(?, 2 ¥ ?, taken by A. S. Meek on the Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mts.,
Dutch New Guinea, 2000— 3U00 ft., August— September 1910 {t>//je), and 1 (J, 1 ?
from Haidana, C'olliugwood Bay, British New Guinea, April 1907, also taken
by Meek : the pair from Haidana have purer white hindwiugs. The ? is
consistently larger tlian the <S, which varies considerably in size. The species
comes nearest to 'S'. calamistis Hmps. from S. Africa.

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A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY

SPHINGlOaE

BY THE

Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.

ANI>

KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.

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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H Journal of Zoology.

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XVIII.

No. 2. ^'^^-^ ^5?^

Pages 149—170
Plate I.

Issued September 25th, at the Zoological Museum, Trino.

I'KINIKD BY HAZELL, WATSON ,t VINEY, Ld., LOSDON AND AYLESBURY.

1911.

Vol. XVIII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

KDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. II.

1. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF

SOME MEW OR LITTLE- KNOWN

FORMS OF THE GENUS ACRAEA . . U. EUringham .

2. NEW SYNTOMIDAE AND ARCTIANAE . Walter Rothschild

3. PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF

SOME NEW BIRDS FROM CENTRAL

NEW GUINEA Waller Rotlischild and

Ernst Barlert

i. ON THE BIRDS OF SERMATTA, ONE
OF THE SOUTH-WEST ISLANDS .

5. ON UENICOPHAPS FOERSTERI (Pl. I.)

6. ADDITIONS TO THE BIRDS OF BABBER

7. ADDITIONS TO THE AVIFAUNA OF

LUANG Ernst Uarlert

149—153
154— 15S

159, IGO

Ernst Hartert .

. 161-

-1C7

Ernst Hartert .

•

ICS

Ernst Hartert .

1C9

170

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

Vol. XVin. SEPTEMBER, 1911. No. 2.

PRELIMINAEY DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW OR LITTLE-
KNOWN FORMS OF THE GENUS ACBAEA.

By H. ELTRINGHAM, M.A., F.E.S., K.Z.S.

BEING engaged iu the preparation of a monograph on the African species of
the genus Acraea, I have had opportunities of examining ver)' large numbers
of examples from many collections. As a considerable time must elapse before the
completion of the work in question, I think it well to publish the following notes on
certain new forms. Figures and more complete descriptions will be included in the
completed monograph.

1. Acraea aureola spec. nov.

(?. Upperside rich golden yellow with black spots and markings. Forewing

narrow and pointed, base very slightly suffused with black ; ground-colour of basal
portion rather richer in colour than remainder; costa narrowly black, except at
base ; snbcostal, upper radial, and distal ends of remaining nervules black ;
hindmargin narrowly black, expanded into small triangular marks at end of
nervnles ; a large ovate transverse spot in cell above origin of first median ;
a subquadrate spot ou upjjer part of end of cell ; a little beyond cell an out-
wardly convex row of five rather small rounded spots ; beneath these, nearer
base, and between first and second median, a rounded spot; below first median
a small, rather crescentic submarginal spot, and a very small subbasal spot

close to median. Hindwing rather paler than forewing; a moderately heavy

black basal suffusion ; in area 7 a subbasal spot followed by a larger transverse
spot near middle of costal margin ; beneath first subcostal a submarginal spot ; in
middle of cell a transverse V-shaped spot, the angle pointing outwards ; remaining
basal spots obscured by basal suffusion ; hindmargin with a very narrow black line,
and a series of well-marked regular black arches.

Underside. — Forewing resembling upperside but paler and duller ; apical
portion pinkish ochreous ; nervules not black, and without triangular marginal

marks. No basal suffusion. Hindwing pinkish ochreous ; the basal portion lemon

ochreous, except above the snbcostal ; a round black spot near base of cell fidlowed
by a V-shaped spot as ou upperside ; beneath median a basal spot followed by
another V-shaped mark, and a spot in 1 a and 1 h ; other marks as on upperside.

Head and thorax brown ; basal part of abdomen black, remainder orange ;
tarsal claws asymmetrical.

Expanse, 60 mm.

1 <J, Bih6, Angola; Mus. Tring.

Apparently allied to A. oneraia, Trimen, but very distinct. The genital
armature is of a very peculiar structure, unlike that of any other Acraea so far
examined.

H

■*■ ( 150 )

2.'Acraea lofua sjiec. nov.

(?. Forewiiv dull pinkish ochreons, with a very slight black basal snffusion ;
apex black for a depth of 3 mm. ; hindraar^in very narrowly black ; black spots
(very small) as follows : one in cell, one on end of cell, a row of four beyond cell,
the third linear, its lower end pointing outwards ; one in area 2, close to median,

and one in 1 b, nearer margin. Hindwing more decidedly pink than forewing ; a

black basal snffusion ; two spots in cell, the remaining basal spots obscured by the
black suffusion ; a row of five discal spots lying almost in a straight line from near
apex to inner margin ; two spots in area 7 ; a heavy black hindraarginal border,
5 mm. wide between first and second median, and tapering off at hind angle.

Underside much paler than above. Forewing as on upperside, but spots less

distinct, no basal, and very little apical black. Hindwing with faint pinkish

basal interuervnlar markings ; very slight basal black suffusion, and in addition to
spots as on upperside, one in 1 c, and two in 1 b and 1 a. Hindmarginal black,
narrower in the middle than on upperside, its inner edge sharply dentate, and
bearing a submarginal row of seven triangular greyish white spots, their bases
towards the margin.

Head brown ; thorax l)lack ; abdomen black above with yellowish lateral spots ;
tarsal claws asymmetrical.

¥. Pale dull ochreons. Forewing slightly darker near base; apical black

rather broader than in S, but all the spots absent except that on end of cell,

and the second of the discal row (this very minute). Hindwing with faint dusky

basal suffusion ; spots absent or very faint ; hindmarginal black, narrower in
middle than in S,

Underside.— Yoreyfing paler than on upjierside, the two spots just visible, but

apical black only faintly represented. Hindwing only a faint trace of the discal

spots ; basal spots small and indistinct ; hindmarginal black, 2-5 mm. wide, not
dentate, bearing greyish white submarginal spots though smaller and less distinct
than in 6- Abdomen black with whitish lateral spots.

Expanse, cj 4G mm. ; ? 48 mm.

1 tJ, 1 ?, Lofu River, N.E. Rhodesia; Mus. Oxon.

Nearly allied to ^1. omrora Trimen, and easily confused with this species. The
cf genital armature is however very distinct, and bears a pair of supplementary
processes between the harpes.

3. Acraea iturina kakana snbspec. nov.

cJ. Forewing : base and costa blackish. Apical half semi-transparent, basal
half including cell dull orange-red ; apex, hiudmargin, and distal edge of red area
rather more thickly scaled with black than the remainder. The transparency is
caused by reduction in width of the scales ; the red area extends slightly into
area 'A, about half the length of areas 1 b and 2, and nearly to hind-angle in area 1 a.

Hindwing dull orange-red ; a basal aggregation of confluent black spots ; a

discal band of large confluent spots, the first in area 7 abont the middle, the
remainder lie almost in a straight line across the wing, except that in area 3, which
is more distally jilaced ; a blackish hindmarginal border abont 2 mm. wide at
apex becoming rather suddenly narrower at nervule 5, and tapering to anal angle.

Underside resembles the upper, but is sparsely scaled, and the red areas are
dull pink ; the hindwing basal spots are somewhat less confluent and can be

( 151 )

resolved into a large snbbasal spot in 7, two conflnent snbbasal spots in cell, one in
\ c, lb, and 1 a ; in the latter area also a minnte dot beneath end of nervnie 1 a ;
a little black at origin of main nervures.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the latter with indistinct brownish lateral
spots ; tarsal claws as3mmetrical. In forewing nervores 6 and 7 arise, not from cell,
but from a common stalk about 1 mm. long, as in iturina.

A superficial examination of this form would lead to the conclusion that it was
a distinct species. It differs from iturina in the absence of the spot in forewing
cell, the deeper colour and greater extent of the red areas, and the larger size of
the spots. But the peculiarity of the hindwing nenration and the characteristic
toothed appearance on inner side of the claspers of the i armature convince
me that it is the Abyssinian form of A. iturina.

Expanse, 50 mm.

1 S, Adie Kaka, Kaffa ; Mus. Brit.

4. Acraea oscari Roths.

So far as I am aware, the ? of this species has not been described.

? . Spots and markings as in S , but ground-colour pale creamy ochreous,
somewhat darker at inner edge of hindwing hindmarginal border.

Underside resembles upper, but hindwing more lemon ochreous, and areas 1 a
and 1 b brick-red.

Expanse, 84 mm.

Bonga, Kaffa ; Mus. Brit.

5. Acraea cinerea alberta subspec. nov.
S- Resembles cinerea Neave, but the discal portion of hindwing is occupied by
a patch of deep crimson.
Expanse. 54 mm.

2 (JcJ, L. Albert Edward, lUOO m. ; Mus. Tring.

6. Acraea astrigera f. bninnea nov.

(?. Wings more rounded than iu astrigera Butl., ground-colour dull smoky
ochreous, usually with a whitish subapical patch in place of the orange of astriqera,
and apex more broadly black.

Underside much as iu astrigera, but forewing pale smoky ochreous, snbapical
area white. Discal portion of hindwing jiale pinkish ochreous.

?. Wings much more rounded, coloured and marked as in 6, but hindwing
hindmarginal border very broad (about 7 mm.).

Expanse, cj ¥ 70 mm.

5 <?(?, Angola; Mus. Tring. 2 ? ?, Unyoro and Masindi (Unyoro) ; Mns.
Tring. 1 ? , Entebbe ; Mus. Oxon.

Acrea astrigera Butl. exhibits several interesting forms. A fine series now
before me shows many intermediates, and a careful examination of the male
armature shows that ^1. astrigera Bntl., A. emini Weymer, and A pseudoh/cia
Butl. are all forms of the same species.

7. Acraea ella spec. nov.
Closely resembles A. equatorialis Neave.* It is distinguished from it by its
uniformly larger size, darker colour, much heavier scaling, wider black basal

• Neave's A. doitbledwyi equatorialis is not a form of doubhdayi, but is a distinct species.

( 152 )

suffusion in hindwing, and by the fact that the discal spot in forewing, 1 b, is
slightly nearer margin than the spot above it in 2, whereas in A. equatorialis this
spot is further from margin, and by other minor details.

The male armature is different from that of A. equatorialis.

cJ. Forewing dull to bright or pinkish ochreous ; costa, apex, and hindmargin
very narrowly black ; base with slight or moderate dnsky suffusion ; area just
beyoud discal row of spots rather paler, and apical area more richly coloured ;
black internervular streaks on apex and hindmargin ; a black spot in cell, one
on discocellular ; a row of five beyond cell, and nearly in a straight line at right
angles to costa ; a spot near base of area 2 ; beneath it and slightly more distally
placed a spot in 1 i, and in same area a subbasal spot 2 mm. before origin of

nervnle 2. Hindwing : ground-colour same as in primary, sometimes rather

paler ; spots corresponding with those beneath, but faint near inner margin ; a
moderately wide black basal suffusion, and a narrow hindmarginal border formed
of a narrow black marginal line and rather flat internervular arches enclosing
spots of ground- colour.

Underside. Forewing as above, but paler, and spots smaller ; two small spots

at base of costa. Hindwing duller than above, base touched with rose-pink,

followed by pale ochreous ; marginal border more sharply traced than above, and
enclosing pale ochreous spots ; black spots, one in 8 near precostal, two in 7 ;
discal spots in 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, \c, I b, and 1 '/ ; two in cell, a basal and a snbbasal
in 1 c ; beneath the former a spot in 1 b, and a basal spot in 1 a ; a spot at base
of 5 on M.D.O.

Head and thorax black with brown tufts ; base of abdomen black with pale
lateral spots ; remainder white or yellowish.

Expanse, 50 — 60 mm.

4 c?c?, 1 ?, Bihe, Angola ; Mns. Tring.

8. Acraea periphanes Oberthiir.

An examination of a fine series of this species in the Hope Department at
Oxford shows that this extremely variable Acraea presents five fairly well-defined
forms including the type. These variations are neither seasonal nor geographical.
They may be classified as follows :

8 a. A. periphanes f. beni B.-Bak.

Acraea toii Bethune-Baker, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 110 (1908).

This form is characterised by the uniform bright red ground-colour and the
absence of the black apical patch in the forewing.
Ilab. Angola, Lower Chambesi, L. Bangweolo.

8 b. A. periphanes f. melaina nov.

Differs from typical examples in having a heavy black basal suffusion in both
wings. The hindwing margin is broad with only a trace of pale spots. In the S it
radiates into the discal area, and in the ? has a more regular though suffused inner
edge, and is widest (about 4-5 mm.) at 1 c and 2.

liab. Lower Chambesi, L. Bangweolo.

( 163 )

8 c. A. peripkanes f. marginata nov.

Resembles the melaina form, but is withont the black apex ia forewing. The
spots are larger in most examples than in the typical form.
Ilab. Lower Chambesi, L. Bangweolo.

8 d. A. peripkanes f. acritoides nov.

Differs from typical examples in having more elongated wings, and in the
absence of both the apical black patch and the discal spots of forewing. These
differences produce a very close resemblance to A. acrita, as already noted by Neave
{Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 2U, 191u).

Hah. Chinsali District, Lower Chambesi, L. Bangweolo.

The strnctnre of the male genital armatnre in A. peripkanes is very peculiar,
and separates it very definitely from allied species. The structure is the same in all
the above-described forms.

9. Acraea mansya spec. nov.

S. Differs constantly from A. chamhezi* (Neave, P.Z.S. p. 21. pi. l.fig. 5.
1910) in one feature only. The spot in area 3 of hindwing is in the middle of the
space between end of cell and the inner edge of the marginal black, whereas in
A. chamhezi this spot is close to end of cell. Two very small cf c? are dull orange
ochreous instead of rosy red.

? . Dull smoky ochreous inclined to orange in apical area of forewing ; spots
and markings as in cj.

I should not have regarded this as a distinct species had it not been for
the structure of the genitalia. In chamhezi the claspers are short, broad, and
toothed. In mansya they are long, narrow, cylindrical, and without teeth. The
armature of the latter species is entirely different from that of any other Acraea so
far examined.

Expanse, S 40—50 mm. ; ? 40.

5 (Jc?, 1 ?, near L. Young, N.E. Rhodesia ; Mas. Oxon.

* Neave's A. nohai-a chamhezi is not a form of nohara^ but is a distinct species.

(154)

NEW SYNT03nDAE AND ABCTIANAE.

By the HON WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Pii.D.

{SYNTOMIDAE.)

1. Amata wilemani sp. nov.

<J. Legs deep brown ; frous white, vertex blaok ; thorax creamy white,
shoulders sooty brown ; antennae black, tips white ; abdomen creamy white,

segments narrowly ringed with sooty black. Forewing hyaline, veins sooty black,

costal region sooty black slightly powdered with white scales, outer margin sooty
black with irregular patches of creamy white between the nervnres submarginally,

inner margin greyish cream, a deep black discocelkilar patch. Hindwing hyaline,

nervnres sooty brown, abdominal area creamy white, margins sooty black edged
internally with creamy white.

Length of forewing : 24 mm.

Hab. Tainan, Formosa. 2 3S.

2. Amata aurantiifrons sp. nov.

(?. Legs black, basal half of tarsus of liindleg white ; frons orange ; antennae
black, tip yellow ; vertex, tegulae, and patagia black ; thorax orange with trans-
verse black baud ; abdomen orange ringed with black. Forewing blackish

chocolate, a wedge-shaped patch in cell, a large irregular patch below it, one
above vein 2 and one above vein 3 and one on each side vein 5 orange, somewhat

semihyaliue. Hindwing semihyaline orange with very broad blackish chocolate

margins running into centre of wing at vein 3.

Length of forewing : 22 mm.

Hab. Tainan, Formosa. 1 <?.

3. Amata arfakensis sp. nov.

(?. Pectus blackish olive ; legs blackish brown ; head and tegulae orange ;
thorax black, an orange patch on metathorax ; abdomen orange ringed with blackish

olive, anal segment and sides of 6 and 7 blackish olive. Forewing bronzy

greenish olive-black with sis semihyaliue white patches, one in cell 1 beyond it,

two below cell, and one on each side of vtin 3 ; fringe orange-brown. Hindwing

bronzy greenish olive-black, a large subbasal semihyaline white jiatih, a small
similar i)atch in cell, and a large one beyond cell.

Length of forewing : 22 mm.

? . Similar.

Hab. Niuay Valley, Central Arfak Mts., Dntch New Guinea, 3.500 ft., February
and March 1909 (A. E. Pratt coll.). 1 tj, 1 ? (c? type).

4. Amata alberti sp. nov.
<? and ¥. Legs and pectus black; antennae black; frons, tegulae, and spot
on thorax orange ; rest of thorax black ; abdomen orange-yellow, narrowly black

between the segments, anal segment black with dorsal orange-yellow spot.

Forewing black-brown, a subbasal semihyaline huffish orange spot, a similar patch

( 155 )

in cell, one below it, and three beyond, with an obliterated similar Hue below vein S.
Hindwiug semihyaline orange-yellow with broad irregular black-brown border.

Length of forewiug : 1 1 mm.

Hab. Knmasi River, N.E. British New Guinea, low elevation, August 1907
(A. S. Meek coll.). 1 (?, 1 ? (<? type).

5. Amata yunnanensis sp. nov.

?. Legs brown -black with two gi'eyish bands; pectus orange; frons orange;
vertex and antennae black ; thorax black, spot on tegulae and shoulders orange ;

abdomen dark steel-blue with orange rings. Wings hyaline yellow with broad

black borders and nervures, a black discocelhilar j)atch on forewing.

Length of forewing : 21 mm.

Ilab. Tali, Upper Yunnan. 2 ? ? .

'1 Amata owstoni sp. nov.

(S . Pectus and legs brown ; antennae dark brown, tips white ; thorax black-
brown, collar orange ; abdomen yellow ringed with broad dark brown bands. -

Forewing dark brown, cell hyaline, two large hyaline patches between median vein
and vein 1, a hyaline patch above veins 2, 3, 4, and 6. Hindwing, basal four-
fifths hyaline, rest dark brown.

? . Similar.

Ilab. Phuc-Son, Annam, November, December (H. Fruhstorfer), 1 <J ; Yuboi,
Hainan, June 1904, \ S,\ ? ; Mount Wuchi, Hainan, May 1903, 1 i (type).

7. Micronaclia bicolor sp. nov.

? . Legs, head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen black. ^ Forewing sooty black.

Hindwing cherr)'-crimson with sooty border, which rapidly narrows towards

tornus.

i- Similar.

Length of forewing : 10'5 mm.

Hab. Antananarivo, Madagascar (Chulliat coll.). 1 ? (type), 2 c?cJ.

8. Micronaclia oberthueri sp. nov.

? . Legs, head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen black. Forewing sooty black,

a hyaline white spot in cell and beyond it, and a larger one on vein 3. Hindwing

sooty black, a subbasal hyaline white patch on abdominal area.

Length of forewing : 10 mm.

Hab. Antananarivo, Madagascar (Chulliat coll.). 1 ? .

9. Micronaclia leopardina sp. nov.

? . Legs pale buff ; antennae pale buff ; head cream-colour ; thorax black-
brown, a patch on metathorax and outer edge of patagia buff ; abdomen bufi' ringed

with black-brown, first segment entirely black-brown. Forewing black-brown,

a subbasal, two median, and two postmedian sulphur-yellow patches. Hindwing

black-brown, a large patch above tornus and a postmedian patch sulphur-yellow.

Length of forewing : 8 — 11 mm.

Hab. Antananarivo, Bladagascar (Chulliat coll.). 2 ? ? .

( 156 )

10. Homoeocera garleppi sp. nov.

(?. Fore- and middle legs black, basal two-fifths of tarsi white, hindlegs black,
three-fonrths of tarsi white ; pectus black ; antennae above black, apical half below
white ; head and thorax black ; basal half of abdomen black, anterior half oily steel-
green. Forewing yellowish h)'aline, basal fifth, all margins broadly, and large

discocellular patch black. Hindwing whitish hyaline, base and margins black,

basal half (if abdominal area greyish.

?. Differs from S in both pairs of wings being hyaline yellow, in being much
larger, and the wings being longer and narrower.

Length of forewing : i, 16 — 19 mm. ; ? , 26 mm.

Flab. Marcapata, Peru (Garlepp coll.), 2 <? <S (type); Haancabamba, Cerro de
Pasco, Peru (E. IBoettger coll.), 1 ?.

11. Homoeocera bombiformis sp. nov.

(?. Legs brown ; pectus and whole underside of body brownish olive ; antennae
black ; head, thorax', and abdomen olive rennet-brown, last segment orange-buff,

aborted, daspers with long curved hairy clawlike processes. Forewing hyaline

yellow ; base, outer and inner margin, and terminal half of costa black. Hindwing

hyaline yellow, margins narrowly and abdominal area black.

?. DiSers from c? in the pectus and whole underside of body being orange-
yellow, and last segment of abdomen above orange-yellow, not aborted.

Length of forewing : (?, 2U mm. ; ? , 16 ram.

Hab. Marcapata, Peru (Garlepp coll.).

12. Gymnelia plumosa sp. nov.

(S. Legs, pectus, and head orange ; thorax orange, a central black spot ;
antennae brown, strongly pectinated ; abdomen orange with dorsal row of black

bauds. Forewing yellowish hyaline, base and costal area orange, onter margin

grey-brown. Hindwing yellowish hyaline, margins narrowly grey-brown.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Bab. Canon del Tolima, Colombia, 2700 m. = {5775 ft., Ueccmber 11)09 (A. H.
Fassl coll.). 1 c?.

13. Gymnelia plagiata sp. nov.

?. Legs and underside sooty brown-black ; pectus and large patch on basal
half of abdomen below bnffy yellow ; antennae brown-black ; head, thorax, and
abdomen black, a large dorsal patch on basal half of abdomen above buffy yellow.
Wings buffy hyaline, nervures, margins, and terraena black.

Ijength of forewing : 13'.5 mm.

IM. Sta. Domingo, Carabaya, Peru, dry season, 65UU ft., April 10i(2 (G. R.
Ockenden). 1 ?.

14. Cosmosoma lemoulti sj). nov.

c^. Pectus orange ; legs orangi-, outside of co.vae, tibiae, and femora pale brown ;
head and thorax brown, shoulders orange ; antennae dark fuscous brown ; abdomen

orange, last two segments black. Forewing hyaline yellowish, nervures and

large patch above vein 1 orange, base, a broad transverse diocal band, inner margin,

costa, and outer fifth of wing black. Hindwing, basal third orange, disk hyahue

white, margins broadly black.

( 157 )

Length of forewing : 12'5 ram.

Hab. Cayenne, July (Nouveau Chantier) (Le Monlt). 1 c?.

15. Trichiura pusilla sp. nov.

S. Pectus steel-blne ; legs brown-black ; palpi white ; head and tegulae steel-
blue ; thorax brown-black with steel-blue patch ; antennae brown-black ; abdomen
steel bluish green, a white patch on each side of segment 2, and a tail as long as

whole abdomen. -Forewing yellowish liyaliiie, narrow margins, base and disco-

cellnlar bar black. — Hiudwing liyaline with opalescent white clouding, ape.x black.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. Chauchamayo, E. Peru, 2U00 m. = 0500 ft., October and November 1906.
1 cJ.

16. Chrysostola cosmosomoides sp. nov.

(?. Legs and pectus golden yellow; palpi and irons golden yellow; vertex
black ; antennae black, central third rufous orange ; basal half of tegulae black,
rest orange-yellow, patagia golden yellow edged with black ; thorax black with
two median golden yellow spots ; abdomen, first two segments golden yellow,

rest steel-blue above with golden yellow edges. Forewing yellowish hyaline,

apical two-thirds of costa and median nervure deep orange, rest of nervures and

margins sooty black, termen widely black. Hiudwing very small, yellowish

hyaline, veins and fringe sooty black.

Length of forewing : 14 mm.

Hab. San Esteban, Venezuela, July 1909 (S. M. Klages). 1 c?.

{ARCTIANAE)
17. Automolis flavoplagiata sp. nov.

? . Pectus orange ; legs brown with longitudinal white stripes ; antennae
brown, shaft white ; head orange, a black dot on frons and two on vertex ; thorax
orange, tegulae with central black dots, j)atagia faintly edged with brown ; abdomen

orange, last three segments black strongly glossed with steel-blue. Forewing

brown glossed with dark mauve, nervures bufi'; a large central wedge-sliaped orange
patch runs into wing 19 mm. from costa to just over vein 5; basal two-thirds of
inner margin almost to vein 1 orange. Hiudwing brown, basal fifth orange-
yellow.

Length of forewing : 18 mm.

Hab. San Antonio, West Cordillera, Colombia, 1800 m. = 5850 ft. (A. H. Fassl).
1 ?.

18. Robinsonia banghaasi sp. nov.

? . Pectus brownish white ; legs pale wood-brown, white inside ; head white,
a brown spot on frons and two on vertex ; tegulae pale brown, a large and a smaller
white spot ou each, patagia pale brown with a white streak; thorax brown with a
median narrow orange line and two white dots ; abdomen above brown with broad

median orange band, below white. Forewing wood-brown, veins paler, a white

spot below median vein, a white dot in cell, an ovate white blotch beyond disco-

cellulars, and two whitish dots on each side of vein 7, near termen. Hindwing,

basal two-thirds semihyaline white, outer third pale wood-brown, here and there
broken by the white running into the margin.

( 158 )

Length of forewing : 20 mm.
Hab. Matto Grosso, Brazil.

19. Amastus postflavidus sj). nov.

?. Pectus browu ; legs darker brown ; [liiljii black ; head, antennae, and thora.\
deep nmbcr-brown, abdomen basal half wood-brown, apical four segments above

3-ellow edged witii black, sides brownish mouse-gre)'. Forewing chocolate nmber-

browu with a number of indefinite indistinct transverse bauds of dull yellowish
brown. Hindwing semihyaline pinkish wood-browu.

Length of forewing : 37 ram.

Ilab. Monte Tolima, Colombia, 3200 m. = lii,40(i ft., January i'.Ud (A. H.
Fassl). A small series of ? ?.

20. Pelochyta fassli sji. nov.

?. Legs lilack-lirown ; a crimson j)atch on each side of thora.x below; palj)!
and head black ; collar crimson ; antennae and thorax black-brown, a pale crim.son
spot at joint of abdomen ; abdomen, basal half black-browu, apical half above and

on sides bright crimson, 4 dorsal black-brown s|)ofs. ^Forewiug deep wood-brown,

nervnres black-brown. Hindwing dark wood-brown, somewhat semihyaline on

basal half, nervnres deeper brown.

Length of forewing : 22 mm.

Hab. Rio Agaa, West Cordillera, (Colombia, l(iO(J m. = 5200 ft., October 4,
1908 (A. H. Fassl). 1 ?.

21. Halisidota colombiana sp. nov.

<?. Legs brown-black ringed with lemon-yellow ; pectus mixed pale crimson,
brown-black, and lemon-yellow; paljii black; head lemon-yellow, thorax pale
smoky wood-brown, shoulders lemon-yellow ; abdomen, basal three segments jiale

rose-crimson, rest sooty black-brown. Forewing dragon's-blood-colonr washed

with cinnaraon-browu, costa lemon-yellow. Hindwing semihyaline whitish pink,

margins smoky cinnamon, abdominal area rose-pink.

Length of forewing : 26 mm.

Hab. Monte Tolima, Colombia, 2700 m. = 8775 ft., February 1910 (A. H. Fassl)
1 cJ.

22. Hypomolis fassli sp. nov.

cJ. Pectus, legs, head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen sooty black. Wings

hyaline, margins and nervures sooty black-brown.

Length of forewing : 17 mm.

Hub. Monte Tolima, Colombia, 3200 m, = 10,400 ft., Jauuarv 1910 (A. H. Fassl).
1 i.

28. Automolis surinamensis sp. nov.

?. Legs pale crimson; head buff; antennae brown, shaft white; thorax

huffish grey, patagia white ; abdomen white with narrow brown dorsal line.

Wings white, somewhat semihyaline, nervures yellowish.

Length of fiirewing : 30 mm.

Hab. Aroewarwa C^reek, Maroewym Valley, .Surinam, July lOiJii (!S. M. Klages).
1 ?.

( 159)

PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW BIRDS
FROM CENTRAL NEW GUINEA.

By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., and Dr. E. HARTERT.

MR. ALBERT 8. MEEK, whose name is so well kuowii to the readers of
Novitates Zoologicae, has been able to accompany a Dutch Exploring
Expedition up the Eilanden River, a river the month of which lies about a hundred
miles east of the Letekwa (or Oetakwa) River and has a general trend to north-east,
and to Mt. Goliath, where he collected up to elevations of above 500(1 ft.

Besides the discover}' of some new forms the collection is of the greatest
importance from the fact that it determines the exact locality of a number of birds
hitherto only known from Papuan trade-skins. Thus, for example, Pteridnphora
alberti, Loboparadisea sen'cea, and Parotia carolae carolae have been collected.
We hope to give a full report on the collections later on.

1. Paradig^alla brevicauda sp. nov.

This extraordinary new bird is in colonr almost exactly like Paradigalla
carunculata, being velvet)' black, with the head, nape, and foreneck dark metallic
green, almost olive-green. In the male the whole back and scapulars are glossed
with oily green ; this is not seen in most skins of P. cnriinculata, but in one in
the Tring Museum it is about as much developed as in most P. brevicauda. The
median and greater upper wing-coverts are glossed with green, and the secondaries
have sharply defined outer edges of a dark golden green, which colour is also to be
seen on the distal portion of the inner webs, while the primaries are of a glossless
black. These green outer edges to the secondaries are mostly duller and sometimes
I)nrplish in our skins of P. carunculata, but not much importance is to be attached
to this difference, as the skins of P. brevicauda are quite fresh and properly skinned,
while those of P. carunculata are old and remade skins.

The great and very striking difference of this new species is the short and
straight, slightly emarginated tail, the central reotrices being slightly shorter,
whereas in P. carunculata the tail is long and cuneiform, the middle tail-feathers
exceeding the lateral ones by about 60 to (55 mm. A very peculiar fact, showing
evidently the line of evolution, is, that the young birds have the tail longer than
the adult birds, i.e. from 35 to 40 mm. longer !

The first two primaries are less sharply pointed and less attenuated, and the
third is comparatively longer than in P. carunculata.

Wing 154 5 — 160, tail 51 — 54 (against ITO — 180 in P. carunculata), bill from
end of nasal tnfts (the base of the bill on the forehead being difficult to reach, on
account of the wattles) 25 — 26, metatarsus about 47 mm.

The adult female resembles the male, only the crown of the head is not quite
so strongly glossed, and the back has hardly any greenish gloss. Young birds are
like the female, only the plumage is duller, more brownish, the tail longer, and
the wattles shorter.

"Iris dark brown, feet dark Vandyke brown, bill black. The lappets on the

( 160 )

npi>er mandible (and small bidden wattle at base of lower) are creamy yellow, the
rugose wattle-like skiu at base of lower mandible cobalt-bine."

Type : S ad., Mt. Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea, T2. i. 11)11. No. 5164,
A. S. Meek coll.

Hab. Mt. Goliath, at elevations of not less than 50UU ft.

2. Falcinellus striatus atratus snbsp. nov.

(J ad. Differs from the adult male of Falcinellus striatus striatus in being
black instead of deep brown on the under-surface, and the tijis of the lower orna-
mental side-plumes being steel-blue instead of more or less bronzy green. The
beak appears to be slightly bigger, especially higher, which is more obvious in the
females.

?. Like tliat of F. s. striatus, but the upper surftice, especially the tail, more
olive, less rufous, and the crown generally somewhat darker rufous.

Hab. Mt. Goliath, at altitudes of not less than 5000 ft.

3. Cyclopsitta blythi meeki snbsp. nov.

Similar to C. blythi bli/thi but the sides of the head less orange, paler yellow,
the pectoral band well defined and of a uniform tuniuoise-blue, not orange-scarlet
mi.xed with blue, abdomen and under tail-coverts paler and more api)le-green. The
female is like the male, bnt the colours duller. There is also, at least in the adult
male, a well-deliued bright yellow nuchal baud, separating the orauge-red of the
crown from the green of the back.

Type : (? ad., Eilanden River, 10. xii. 1910. No. 5056, A. S. Meek coll.

" Iris dull yellow, bill black, feet pale yellowish green."

Hab. Eilanden River.

4. Charmosyna stellae goliathina snbsp. nov.

Differs from C. stellae stellae in both se.ves by having the longer njtper tail-
coverts dull green, instead of red.

Type : S ad., Mt. Goliath, 27. i. 1011. No. 5211, A. S. Meek coll.
Hab. Mt. Goliath, Central Dutch New Guinea.

( 161 )

ON THE BIRDS OF SERMATTA, ONE OF THE SOUTH-
WEST ISLANDS.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pn.D.

IN Nov. Zool. 1904, pp. 174-221, I gave a list, of the birds collected by the late
H. Kiihn on the South-West Islands, and in Nov. Zool. 1906, pp. 288-304,
appeared a list of those sent from the islands of Babber and Luang, while the
larger island ol Scrraatta remained ornithologieally nnlvnowu. Shortly before his
untimely death (see Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 340) Kiihn sent his men to Sermatta, and
hereafter follows a list of the birds collected there.

Only forty-four species are represented in this collection. Probably several
other species have been overloolied. Sermatta lies between Babber and Luang,
near to the latter, but far away from the former island. It appears to be barely
half the size of Babber, but is much larger than Luang. While we know eighty
species from Babber, only forty-seven altogether were sent from Luang. Generally,
the larger an island is, the more species it harbours, while the number of species
decreases more or less with size ; therefore, supjwsing that the forty-seven known
birds from I/Uang represent nearly all which are found there, the number of forty-
four species for Sermatta might perhaps be the majority of its bird-poj)nlatiou ;
but I cannot help thinking that an island like Sermatta must have more si)ecies.
There is no C'orvus, Pachijcephtla, Mi/zomela, or Dicaeum in tliis collection.
Naturally the birds of Sermatta agree on the whole with those of the neighbouring
western isles, while differing in some cases from those of Babber, and none of them
appears to be a peculiar form. Nevertheless the collection is a most interesting
one, as it fills a great want, since no species had hitherto been known from
Sermatta.

We have now received fair collections from practically every island in the
long chain of the South- West Islands, and very little more can be expected from
there. The small island of Marsela, south of Babber, remains unexplored ; but
not much can be expected from there, although a Flycatcher, Zoisterops, or other
Passerine bird might be differentiated enough to distinguish it from all others.

I am much obliged to Mr. Arthur Goodsou, who greatly assisted me during
this little work, which has been unduly delayed on account of pressure of other work
and long absences in Algeria.

1. Megapodius duperreyii Less. & Garn.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 288.

<?, Sermatta, 14 June 1900 (No. 1).

" Iris brick-red, feet vermilion, bill ochreons."

2. Ptilinopus cinctus lettiensis Schl.

Cf. Nor. Zool. 1904. p. 178.

3 (J<J, 2 ¥ ? ad., 6 ¥ juv., Sermatta, 19-23 June 1906 (Nos. 2-8).
" Iris cofifee-brown, feet violet, bill sulphur-yellow."

( 162 )

The adult specimens agree well with P. cinctiis lettiensis, except No. 4 (a
male), which closely reseuiWes ottonis from Damruer Islaml, which is not easy to
separate, unless a series is compared, when it becomes at once clear enough.

3. Ptilinopus xanthogaster xanthogaster (Wairler).

Cf. Nor. Zool. 1906, p. i88.

5 c?? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 9-13).
" Iris snlphnr-yellow, feet light green, bill olive-green."

These birds are typical P. x. xanthogaster, and not P. x. roseipUeiim, which
occurs on Moa and other islands of the South- West group.

4. Carpophaga rosacea (Temm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1908. p. 289.

4 (f ? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 14-17).
" Iris scarlet, feet carmine, bill slate."

5. Macropygia magna magna Wall.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 182.

(J ad., Sermatta, 17 June 1906 (No. 18).

" Iris brick-red, feet violet, bill sulphur-yellow."

Agreeing well with a large series ftom the South-West Islands (Wetter, Roma,
Kisser, etc.). M. magna timorlaocnsis, a close ally, is easily distinguished by its
much less rufous underside and darker rufous head.

6. Turtur tigrinus (Temm. & Knip).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 190G. p. 289.

c? ad., Sermatta, 22 June 1906 (No. 19).

7. Chalcophaps chrysochlora timoriensis Bp.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 183.

5 ad., c? juv., Sermatta, 22, 23 June 1906 (Nos. 20, 21).

The adult male is in poor condition, but the large white patch on the shoulder-
one of the characters for distinguishing C. c. timorioi.i/.i — is very conspicuous.

8. Geopelia maugeus (Temm. & Kniji).
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 289.

1 c?, 5 ? ? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 22-27).
" Iris slate, feet violet, bill slate."

9. Sterna bergii pelecanoides King.

Cf. Nor. Zool. 1906. p. 289.

cJ ad., ? juv., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 28, 29).

"Iris chocolate-brown, feet black ; bill : base bluish, tij) whitish yellow."

( 163)

10. Sterna melanauchen Temm.

Sterna melanauchen Temm., PL Cut. 427 (April 1827) (Lea cotes des Celebes et les iles les plus
reculees du Grand Archipel. Type loc. Celebes).

? ad., Sermatta, June 19U0 (No. 30).
" Iris coffee-brown, feet chocolate-browu, bill black."
Not previously recorded from the South-West Islands.

Dr. Fiiisch in his list of the birds of the Sonth-West Islands .(3'o/«s Let/(f. Mas.
xxii. pp. 225-309) docs not mention the occarrence of any Tern.

11. Morinella interpres (L.).
Of. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 186.

2 ? ? , Sermatta, June 1 906 (Nos. 32, 33).

12. Squatarola squatarola (L.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 290.

?, Sermatta, June 1906 (No. 31).

13. Ochthodromus geofiroyi (Wagl.).

Cf. Nov. Znul. 190G. p. 290.

cJ ?, Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 32, 33).

14. Ochthodromus mongolus (Pall.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 186.

cJ, Sermatta, Jnne 1906 (No. 34).

15. Himantopus leucocephalus Gonld.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 186.

(J, Sermatta, Jnne 1906 (No. 35).

10. Glottis nebularius (Gnnu.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 290.

2 ¥ ? ad., Sermatta, Jnne 19U0 (Nos. 36, 37).

17. Heteractitis incanus brevipes (Vieill.).
Cf. Nm>. Zool 1906. p. 290.

i ? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 38, 39).

18. Limonites ruficollis (Pall.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 290.

4 (J ¥ ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 40-43).

( 164)
19. Tringa subarquata (Guldenst).

Scolopax suharquala Guldenst. Nov. Comm. Pelrop. six. p. 471 (1774).
?, Sermatta, June 1906 (No. 44).

2i>. Stiltia Isabella (Vieill).

Cf. Nov. Zonl. 1906. p. 291.

tf ? , Sermatta, Jmie 1906 (No.s. 4;"), 46).

21. Ardea sumatrana Haffl.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 188.

S ? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 47, 48).

22. Nycticorax caledonicus (Gm.).

Cf. A'ai-. Zool. 190G. p. 291.

<S ? ad., S jiiv., Sermatta, .Taiie 19U6 (Nos. .54-56).

23. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1900. p. 291.

3 cJcJ, 1 ?, Sermatta, Jnue 1906 (No.s. 50-53).

Three of these specimens are in white, and one in grey plumage. Two of the
former have blackish bills, the other one a yellow bill.

24. Herodias alba timoriensis (Less.).

Ardea timoriensis Lessson, Tr. d'Orii. p. .'J75 (1831, ex Cuvier MS., Timor).
? ad., Sermatta, June 1900 (No. 49).

25. Haliaetus leucogaster (Gm.).

Cf. Finsch, Notes Ley. .Mas. xxii. p. 240.

? imm. Sermatta, June 1906 (No. 50).

26. Astur torquatus wallacii Sharpe.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 20.

1 (J, 2 ? ? ad., 2 <?(J imm., Sermatta, Juue 1906 (Nos. 51-55).

" Iris in male lemon-yellow, in female whitish yellow, feet sulphur-yellow, bill
black." In one 3'oung cj the iris is marked as " brick-red," iu another " lemon-
yellow."

27. Tinnunculus moluccensis occidentalis Mey. & ^Vigl.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 292.

J ad., Sermatta, Juue 1906 (No. 56).

" Iris coffee-brown, feet sulphureous, bill slate."

( 165 )

28. Halcyon chloris chloris (Bodd.)-
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 197.

4 <?? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 57-60).

29. Halcyon sancta Vig. & Horsf.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 295.

3 (f (?, Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 61-63).

30. Halcyon macleayii Jard. & Selby.

Halcyon macleayii Jard. & Selby, III. Oni. pi. 101 (1825-39 : no locality stated).

2 c?<?, Sermatta, 14 June 1906 (Nos. 64, 65).
" Iris coffee-brown, feet slate, bill black."

These skius show apparently no ditference from a large series from Australia,
New Guinea, etc. (cf. Nov. Zool. viii. p. 153).

New to the fauna of the Sooth- West Islands.

31. Chrysococcyx rufomerus Hart.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 199.

? , Sermatta, 18 June 1906 (No. 66).
" Iris coflfee-brown, feet slate, bill black."

32. Merops ornatus Lath.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 202.

5c??, Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 67-71).

33. Gerygone dorsalis fulvescens A. B. Meyer.

Gerygone Icissereusis Finsch, Notes Leyden Mu.-i. xx. p. 133 (1898).
Gerygone dorsalis fulvescens Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 297.

2 c?c? ad., 2 a jnv., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 72-75).
" Iris brick-red, feet grey, bill black."

These birds entirely agree with a large series from Kisser, Moa, Letti, and
Babber.

34. Rhipidura setosa hoedti Buttik.

Rhipidura setosa hiittlkoferi Hartert, Noi\ Zool. 1904. p. 206 (Letti)
Rhipidura hoedti Buttikofer, Notes Leydeu .1/«s. xiv. p. 93 (Letti, 1893).
Rhipidura biittikoferi Finsch, Ibid. xxii. p. 256 (Letti).

?, Sermatta, 19 June 1906 (No. 76).

This specimen is in perfectly fresh jilumage and agrees with eleven skins
from Moa and Letti in having the abdomen paler than in the birds from Dammer
(typical locality for biittikoferi) and Roma. It must therefore be separated under
the name of hoedti. That this difference is not seasonal, as had been supposed
by Dr. Finsch, is clearly shown by examples from Dammer and Letti which were
collected in the same month as the one from Sermatta.

12

( 166)
35. Graucalus personatus (S. Miill.).

Cf. Noi'. Zool. 1904. p. 207.

(S ad., (J jnv. sexed ? , Sennatta, June 1906 (Nos. 77, 78).

" Iris brick-red, feet slate, bill black."

Exactly like skins from Timor, Wetter, Roma, Letti, and Moa.

36. Graucalus melanops (Lath.).

Cf. yov. Zool. 1906. p. 298.

(? ad. sexed ?, Sermatta, June 1906 (No. 79).

37. Graucalus hypoleucus timorlaoensis Meyer (?).

Graucalus timorlaoitms Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Ornilli. i. p. 199. pi. ix. fig. 1 (188-4 : Timor-laut).
Graucalus hypoleucus Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus. xxii. p. 250.

2 ¥ ? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 80, 81).

It is very doubtful if timorlaoensis is separable! Unfortunately we have no
specimens from Timorlaut, but the breast is sometimes quite white in Australian
examples, while Meyer states this to be the distingnishing feature of timorlaoensis t
The altogether very bad and misleading iigure in the Zeitschr. ges. Orn. does not
show a quite white breast.

38. Lalage tricolor timoriensis (S. Mull.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1906. p. 298 ; 1904. p. 208.

2 SS ad., 4 <? ? juv., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 82-87).

In my former articles I have treated Lalage timoriensis as a species. Mr.
Arthur Goodson called my attention to the great similarity between L. tricolor
(Australia) and timoriensis. There is indeed not a very great diftereuce between
the two. The white superciliary line, though mostly present and very distinct in
timoriensis, is sometimes indistinct and even absent. The white edges to the
primaries are often wider in timoriensis, but as they wear off in time this feature
is difficult to determine. The wing in timoriensis is shorter and much less pointed
than in tricolor. Otherwise the two forms agree entirely, and we must treat them
as subspecies in future.

39. Zosterops lettiensis Finsch.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 190G. p. 300 ; 1904. p. 214.

cJ ? Sermatta, June 1900 (Nos. 89, 90).

" Iris coffee-brown, feet slate, bill plumbeous, below greyish."

We have received only two specimens of the Zosterops from Sermatta. These
are not in good condition, but there cannot be much doubt that they belong to
Z. letti ensis.

In Nov. Zool. 1906, p. 300, I erroneously called the birds from Babber, Luang,
and Roma " Zosterops bassetti," but 1 now come to the conclusion that the Dammer
form (bas.'it'tti) is darker green above and somewhat more brownish nnderiieath,
tlie form from Babber, Sermatta, Luang, Moa, Letti, and Kisser being of a more
yellowish green above, especially on the head, and more whitish below.

The specimens from Roma agree also with lettiensis, though it almost appears

( 167 )

as if most of them were still more yellowish on the head, this latter colour extending
all over the back ; they will probably have to be named one day. The five Wetter
specimens are somewhat variable, and I can hardly say if they agree better with the
Roma form or with typical lettiensis.

40. Cisticola exilis (Vig. & Horsf.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. lOOG. p. 298.

(?, Sermatta, Jnne 1906 (No. 88).

In very worn plumage, so as to be hardly determinable.

41. Anthus rufulus medius \Vall.

Cf. Nor. Zool. 1904. p. 217.

6, Sermatta, June 1906 (No. 91).

42. Munia quinticolor (Vieill.).

a. Nor. Zool. 1906. p. 301.

¥ ad., Sermatta, 17 June 1906 (No. 92).

43. Munia pallida Wall.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 218.

8 (?(J ad. et juv., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 93-100).

44. Taeniopyi^ia castanotis insularis (Wall.).

Amad'ma insularis Wallace, Proc. Zuol. Hoc. Loud. 1863. p. 495 (E. Timor).
6 tj ? ad., Sermatta, June 1906 (Nos. 101-6).

45. Artamus perspicillatus Bp.

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 221.

S ad., Sermatta, 18 June 1906 (No. 107).

( 168 )

ON EENICOPBAFS FOERSTERI.
By Dr ERNST HARTERT.

(Plate I.).

Hcnkophujis fnerxleri Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Cluli xix. p. 28 (December 1906 — Massawa,

New Britain).
Rnnwariltoenas hleiji W. Meyer, Om. Monnlxber. 1909. p. 36 (Torin and Katabair, New Britain).

'T^HIS beautiful pigeon, with its brilliantly shining metallic green upper wing-
-*- coverts and inner secondaries, was first described, in December 1906, from a
skin obtained by the late G. Wahnes at Massawa, New Britain.

In 1909 it was again described by Dr. Meyer from skins from the same island.
The good description also supplies the coloration of the bare parts : " Iris dark brown,
bill blackish brown, feet cherry-red." Dr. Meyer also tells us that the native name
is " a munmunqiir," and that these birds keep to the ground and the branches of
lower trees and bushes, the fruits of which form their food.

Besides the type in the Tring Museum I have seen another skin in the Munich
Museum from Weberhafen, between Kambaira and the Baining Mountains, on the
north coast of the Gazelle Peninsula. Tliis specimen was presented to the Munich
Museum by the Governor of German New Guinea, Dr. Hahl.

The wing of the type specimen measures 195, the culmen 30'5, tail 140, meta-
tarsus 115 mm. The coloration is faithfully depicted on our plate.

It is strange that such a large and showy bird has remained unknown so long,
since a good deal of collecting has been done on New Britain, and especially on the
Gazelle Peninsula.

w^

( 169)

ADDITIONS TO THP] BIRDS OF BABBER.
By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D.

(Cf. Noi'itates Zoologiaie. lilOfi, pp. 288-.302.)

TH the birds from Sermatta some few ailditioiial birds from Babber reached
us.

Lobivanellus miles (Bodd.).
A second specimen was shot at Tepa, 25 May 1906.

77. Ardea alba timoriensis Less.

?, Tepa, 22 May 1900. "Iris light chrome, feet dark bliiisli >;rey, bill deep
chrome."

78. Garzetta nigripes (Temm.).
S Tepa, 31 May 1906.

79. Phalacrocorax melanoleucus (Vieill.).
?, Tepa, 28 May 1906. " Iris light blue, feet black, bill ochreous."

Pelecanus conspicillatus Temm.

A second specimen sent :

?, Tepa, 30 May 1906. " Iris chocolate-brown, bill and feet slate."

80. Baza subcristata reinwardti (Miill. & SchJ.).

Cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 379.

?,Tepa, 4 Jnne 1906.

( 170)
ADDITIONS TO THE AVIFAUNA OF LUANG.

By ERNST HARTERT, Pn.I).
(Cf. Norilales Zoologicae 1906, pp. 302-304.)
ri"^HE following species have to be a<l(lpil to the list of birds from Luang :

42. Chalcophaps chrysocUora timorensis Bji.
? !ul., 9 June 19U6.

43. Haematopus longirostris Vieill.

(J, 10 Jnne 1906. " Iris scarlet, feet light carmine, bill scarlet."

The primaries have some white spotting near the tips. This is another reason

for doubting the possibilit}' o{ " Haemiitojiiis Ji/isc/u"" being separable. See Orn.

Monatsb. 1897, p. 190; Bull. B.O. Club x. p. iv.

44. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.).
?, T June 19()(). White phase.

Garzetta nigripes (Temm.).

S, 11 June 1900. "Iris whitish mellow, feet antl bill black, base of under
mandible yellow."

This is the second specimen sent.

4.5. Halcyon sancta Vig. & Horsf.
¥,11 Jnne 1906.

46. Halcyon chloris chloris (Bodd.).
(J, 8 June 1906.

Spizaetus limnaetus floris Hart.
A second specimen sent :

S imm., 11 June 1906. " Iris bright red, feet light chrome-yellow, bill slate."

While our first Luang specimen agreed perfectly with the one from Wetter,

having the under-surface white striped with black, this second one has the underside

and sides of neck strongly sufFnsed witli a rusty cinnamon colour. The metatarsal

feathers are also very little spotted and striped.

47. Dicnirus densus Bp.

S, 9 Jnne 1906.

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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

H Journal of Zoology.

EDITED BY

The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XVIII.

No. 3.

Pages 171—606.

Plates III.— XXVI.

ItsuED January Slsr, at the Zoological Museum, Tring.

I'KINTKU BV HAZELI.. WATSON & VINEY, Ld.. LONDON AND AVLKSBURY.

1912.

Vol. XVIII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN

CONTENTS OF NO. III.

I-AORS

1. A REFERENCE-LIST TO THE BIRDS OF

AUSTRALIA ...... Gregory M. Mathews . 171—450

2. ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN

ALGERIA (Plates IX.— XL, XV.— XXVL) Walter Rothschild and

Krnst Hartert 456 — 650

.'5. LIST OF SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED IN

PORTUGAL. (Illustrated) . . K. Jordan and N. (J.

Hothschild . 551—554

4. CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE

OF THE MORPHOLOGY AND SYSTE
MATICS OF THE POLYCTENI D.\E
(Plates XII— XIAM K. .lordMu . . 555—579

5. ON NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN DELIAS

FROM NEW GUINEA . .A'. .lord^m . . . 580—593

C. SOME NEW ERYCINIDAE FROM DUTCH

NEW GUINEA A', .lonltm . . 594—599

7. A NEW HAWK-MOTH FROM ECUADOR . A", .lordun . . 599—600

8. SOME NEW ANTHRIBIDAE . . A'. Jordun . . . 001-004

9. NOTES ON THE PA KA DISEIDA E FIGURED

ON PLATES VII. AND VIII. . . Em«l HarteH 604

10. LANIARIUS FUNEBRia DEOENER subsp.

NOV '■. lldgert . . 605—606

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

Vol. XVIII. JANUARY, 1912. No. 3.

A liEEEllENCE-LIST TO THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA.

By

GREGORY M. MATHEWS.

A.S a sniiplcmeiit to the Eiim, vol. vii., January 190b, I puljlished my
HaiidUxt of the Birds of Atitstralasia, a necessary preliminary to the
preparation of my Birds of Australia, the first volume of which I have now
completed. That Handlist was based on the Handlist of Birds by Dr. R. Rowdier
Sharpe, and was professedly imperfect, especially as regards our knowledge of the
geographical distribution of species. The nomenclature was in so far at fault,
as the starting-point was Liuu(5's ed. xii., 1766, instead of Linne's ed. x., IToS, as
required by the Laws of the International Zoological (.Congresses, now universally
accepted by all zoologists.

It was consequently imperative that my Handlist should be corrected, and I
have been employed ever since its publication in making alterations. The majority
of these have been noted, and full reasons given in two articles published in this
periodical (vol. xvii. pp. 492-.503 ; xviii. pp. 1-22). Now, having carefully
investigated the status of all the names accepted, I found that my Hundlist had
become almost valueless as showing the names to be used for Australian birds,
and 1 therefore resolved to prepare for my own use a corrected list with the
localities from which I had specimens. Upon undertaking this task I almost
at once saw that it wonld be futile to confine myself to such a project, and
thereupon embarked upon the more ambitious one of producing a Reference- List
of the Birds of Australia, such as would reflect the knowledge of the Australian
Avifauna right down to date. I determined to attempt a List after the style of
the Check-list of the American Ornithological Union, giving the correct name
of the species, or subspecies, the vernacular name, the original reference to the
description, the type-locality, and the range. The immensity of my task was only
impressed upon me when I commenced the portion giving the distribution.

Upon sorting out my collection to deline the localities, I was astonished to
find that many easily defined subspecies were being confused simply through lack
of specimens for comparison. Commencing by describing the most striking ones,
I was soon compelled to work systematically through my collection, describing
the subspecies therein, and confirming my conclusions by the examination of the
material in the British Museum, and the notes I have at various times taken
from the collections loaned me by my valued correspondents throughout Australia.
Before proceeding further, I may state that 1 have personally handled over
3U,IM)0 skins of Australian birds in the preparation of this List, which woald
give, on the total of 8s3 species and subspecies admitted in my Handlist, an
average of 34 of each kind. This will show that the present List has not been
compiled without just appreciation of the facts as 1 read them from the skins

( 1*2 )

I have examined. I am makiiii,' this statement as 1 anticipate severe criticism
on acconnt of the revi)liitionarv nature of tliis List.

I say " revolutionarv,'" as this is the first attempt to detcrniiiu' the subspecies
of Australian birds, as at present icnown, and indicate their range. Hitherto odd
subspecies liave been described by various authors, as odd specimens from distant
localities impressed them with their peculiarities. Long series from as many
localities as possible, have enabled me to indicate the many subspecies, often
connecting forms previously recorded, and define their ranges. In many cases,
however, lack of material has caused me to omit any but striking subspecies,
though it would seem certain that connecting forms are existent. It must
be remarked that A. J. North, in the Australian Masi'tim Sjjccial Vataloi/nc
No. ], has defined many subspecies, but without naming them, only now and
then doing so with the more striking forms. But we must remember that, from
the point of view of the student of geographical distribution, all subspecies are of
the same value. It is imjierativc that the ditif'creut subspecies be named, in order
that reference can be made to tiie forms in ipiestion ; and I have therefore
undertaken that task in this List, and the correct nomination has involved the
investigation of each synonym, the determination of the type-locality of such,
anil all the details necessary for the accurate appreciation of the subspecies. The
amount of work this has involved can only be understood by those who have
undertaki'ii similar tasks. In order to make this List absolutely a Kefereuce
List for the Australian Ornithologist, I now give the synonyms I have brought
together, and also my reasons for the additional changes wiiich have been necessitated
since the publication of my two papers in this Journal already noted. In my
Handlist 1 gave references to prior works, as noted in the Preface, and as that
Handlist is now generally available in Australia I have confined myself in this
List to a simple reference to that Handlist. I have been compelled to adhere
to the classification therein followed down to Family groups, as, though admittedly
imperfect in many details, no better one is available, and I do not feel competent
to advise any radical alterations at the present time. As regards Genera, 1 have
been almost in the same quandary, and have admitted the majority of those
used in the Handlist, only eliminating a few, which I have concluded, from amjile
material and after careful consideration, to be unnecessary. I, however, do not
regard many of those now recognised as worthy of generic rank, and anticipate
their relegation to the " unemployed list " when working the groups for my
Birds of Australia.

With regard to the type-localities of the subspecies and synonyms lierewilh
given, I want it to be clearly understood that when in the original description
the general locality "Australia" only was given, 1 have determined, by research,
the probable locality whence the specimen was obtained, and, if that was impossible,
I have designated a jiossible locality. In every case, whether I have definitely
stated so or not, the localities here given as type-localities must ije regarded as
designated by me as such and accepted as final — unless, of course, I have erred
in some vital manner.

It is impossible fur nic to leave tliis suliject without touching up(.m the lessons
which my examination of luy series has taught me. lioberl Hall, in the Preface
to ills " Key to the Birds of Australia," sketched the geographical distribution
of our Passeres, and followed this with another article on the " Distribution of
Australian Laud Birds'" l^Vruc Roy. Hoc. Tasmania, I'.Uu). 'llR'se two articles,

( 1';^ )

the most iinijuvtiint which have yet iipjieared on geographical distributioa in
Australia, have not received the recoguition they deserve — -perhaps dne to the
author's method of mathematically showing the facts, a means not well appre-
ciated by working ornithologists. 1 would have liked to enlarge upon those
papers ; bnt as this is not the place for a long essay, I only wish to state that
my examinations confirm Hall's papers most fully, and I can endorse the principles
there put forward. Of course my large series has enabled me sometimes to
detect inaccuracies ; bnt in the main they have indicated the great accuracy and
value of these writings, which may be considered the starting-point of a new era
of investigation in Australian ornithology. I hope that a study of this List, in
conjunction with the two ])apers by Hall, will lead to a better appreciation of our
Bird-life, and that it will become recognised that the study of Australian birds
must henceforth be systematically undertaken, and that a good knowledge of tiie
birds of one's own locality is more vahuible than a scant knowledge of the Birds
of Australia. 1 am fully convinced that the day is now past when collections of
the Anstralian Avifauna can be brought together in a representative manner by
every individnal, and, furthermore, the serious study of such collections is' almost
impossible to every one. The literature to be studied is now so vast and complex,
aud so much of it is inaccessible to any save those in direct touch with the
most complete libraries, that it is imperative that specialisation must be under-
taken ; and it is to urge upon Australian ornithologists the necessity for such
specialisation that this List is put forward.

I do not claim that the nomenclature in this List can be accepted as final,
but I can confidently state that the emendations and alterations will be com-
paratively few, and that the facts herein will bear the strictest criticism. I
confidently anticipate that the more honest criticism, based upon observed facts,
not inaccurate suppositions, this List receives, the better it will be understood ;
and that, freed from the shackles of binomial species, the new ornithology will
lead us to what we all desire — a recognition of " the why and the wherefore "
of the Australian Avifauna.

As regards the Vernacular Names for the birds, I have closely followed
the A.A.A.S. Vernacular List, only differing in a very few cases where my
series iudicated a change of nomination.

Li my HiimIIM I included the Birds of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands,
and then later rejected them as a part of the Australian Ornis. My reasons for
such action 1 have given in the fifth part of my Birds of Australia, p. 2.J5,
and I here simply note that further investigation has shown that the nearest
relation of the Avifanna of these islands is after all to Australia. Mr. A. F.
Basset Hall has proposed to include them as a seiJarate subregion, the " Phillipian,"
and with this arrangement 1 agree. 1 have therefore given at the conclusion of
this List a short " List of the Birds of the Phillipian .Subregion." ijy this means
I hope to satisfy my friends, whatever views they may hold. 1 propose to deal
with the Avifaunas of th<'se Groups at length elsewhere.

The opinion of those who have studied nomenclature is summed up in the
following : " It may be admitted as possible that temporary confusion will result
from the strict ai)piication of the Law of Priority . . . but such confusion will
assuredly bo less than would result from the recognition of the first exception to
the Law of Priority, which would be permanent in character, and at the same time
establish a precedent for repeated waivers of its provisions by individual zoologists.

( n4 )

"The Coiumissiou is, therefore, clearly of the iijiiiiinn that iiuless the Jyiiw
of Priority is strictly applied, no imiformity in Iiiternatioual /oological Nomeii-
clatare can obtain, and that it is wiser for the jiresent generation to bear with
the tetnporary inconvenience of a few changes than to transmit to future
generations onr numenclafnral problems, angiuenteil a hnndreilfohl by the aiMition
of the ever-increasing number of systematic units, maile jjossible by the like
increase in the amotmt of literature."' {Upi/nonx rendemd lii/ tin- International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion 12 [1910].)

As for those who do not realise the tremendous amount of work and " tedious
labour necessary before one can solve so apjiareutly simple a jirdblem as the date
of the publication of a mere name, or even of an individual voliitue," I refer them
to Sberborn, Natural Science, December 1890, pp. 4ih;-'.i.

When I explained my nomenclatorial views, and justified my advocacy of
trinomialism in the />/««, vol. xi. pp. 52-S, the editorial commeut was : '• Australian
authors have been following the British Museum Catalogues. Are they wrong in
doing so ? " The implication herein contained requires some notice.

As will be understood by any one who has consulted these Catalogues, they

cannot be accepted as final when the Avifauna of a special ('ouutry is worked u().

Tlie British BInseum Catalogues constitute a series of Monographs, dealing with

the Birds of the World, and all that is therein contained are the views of the

Monographer, at the time the particular Monograph was written, judging from

the material he had in front of him. When it is remembered that the first

volume appeared in 1874, it must be conceded that it is ipiite possible to

arrive at a ditfereut result in IVU 1 thau could possibly be arrived at in lsT4,

however gifted the worker might have been who handled the material at that

date. If the editors of the Ji^mu, upon any debatable point, had consulted the

British Museum Catalogues and noted the. evident lack of material, the above

commeut would not have been written. It must not be forgotten that I have

been daily consulting the material at the British Museum for mauy years past,

and therefore am in a splendid position to judge the results put forward in the

Catalogues. In the present List every innovation has been checked by means

of the material at the British Museum, and my own collection now outnumbers the

Australian birds in the British Museum in every way ; and whereas every one

of my birds bears the fullest data, this is the exce()tion in that Institution, as

the majority of their Australian birds were acquired before the value of data was

recognised. My words can be easily confirmed by reference to the Catalogues,

where the onli/ data known are fully given. Another point is that even those data

in mauy instances are imperfect.

As a groimd-work the British Museum ('atalogues are indisjienaable, but to
accept them as conveying finality upon any matter whatever would be absurd.

To reply briefly : Australian workers were not wrong in following the British
Museum Catalogues, but to refuse acceptance to the correction of errors therein
contained would be unscientific, and I do not consider for a moment that they
would coimsel such advice.

I want it to be fully luiderstuud that the diagnoses of my new subspecies
are only the brief diagnostic characters necessary to indicate the form, and that
they will be fully elaborated and treated in detail in my book on the Birds of
Australia, now progressing.

( 175 )

Class AVES.

Sub-Class PALAEOGNATHAE.

OKDEii OARUARIIFORMES.

Family DROIMTCKIIDATC.

Genus DROMICEIUS.

Drnmirrhis Vieillot, Aiial//sr Mini: Oniilh. p. 54. Isu;.

Type (by monotypy) : JJ. iwraehollaiiiliae (Latham).

1. Dromiceius novaehollandiae novaehoUandiae.

Casiiarliix nnrarhnlhuuHai; Latham, Index Oruitli. ii. p. ul>5. 1700 : Sydney, New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Casnarius a»s(/v)/;.< Shaw, Nnl. MhreU. vol. iii. pi. S)!l. 1702 ; New South Wales.
Drnmaius titer Vieillot, Nrmr. Diet. d'Hht. Nat. vol. x. p. 212. 1S17 : New South Wales.
Dromiceiis emu Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xiv. pi. 30. 1820 : New South Wales.
Dromaem irromtiia Bartlett, Prne. Zool. Soe. {Lnml.) 1859. p. 205 : interior of New South Wales.

Eastern Emn.

Mathews, Handlist No. 1 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

'i. Dromiceius novaehollandiae woodwardi subsp. n.

North- Western Emu.
Mathews, Handlist No. 1 (pars).

Differs from D. n. novaehollandiae in its more slender legs and lighter
coloration.

Type : Strelly River, North-West Australia. No. 9367.
Range : North-West Australia and Northern Territory.

3. Dromiceius novaehollandiae rothschildi subsp. n.
South-"\Vesteru Emu.
Mathews, Handlist No. 1 (pars).

Differs from D. n. noraeliollandiae in having dark bases to the feathers and
generally darker all over.

Type : Gracefield, Soutli-West Australia (in Tring Museum).
Range : South-West Australia.

Xote. — In the Birds of Australia I accepted the spelling Dromai/ts for the
genn.s name ; but consistently with my methods as expressed in the /-^mie, vol. x.
p. 31S (1911)), I must revert to the original Dromieeius.

In the Birds of Australia I showed that D. irroratus Bartlett, in common
use for the West Australian Emu, was proposed for a young bird from the interior
of New South Wales, and consequently inapjilieable. As ray series did not permit
me to diagnose the differential characters of that form, 1 was compelled to refer
the whole of the specimens to I). //. noeachollandiae. Recent acquisitions,
however, prove that the North- Western and South- Western forms are separable,
and as no names are available, I jiropose to dedicate one to Mr. Bernard H,

( 1-6)

Woodward, ('iirator of the Perth Museum, West Australia, as a mark of appre-
ciation of ills vahiable aid ; and the other to m)- friend the IIdm. Walter Rothschild,
for the same reason.

There formerly existed iu Australia three island forms of Emn, about wliich
I have given detailed accounts of all we know iu my liinls of Australia, vol. i.
The nomenclature there accepted needs emendation, however, and the following
names 1 believe to be more accurate :

Dromiceiiix noraehollandiae diemenensia Lo Souei' (Tasmania).

1 >rom.iceiiiH peroni RoVciiicXn\(!i (Kangaroo Island).

Iiromicrins minor Spencer (King Island).*

{Promaeus bnssi Legge, Emu, vol. vi. p. IIK (l'-'07), King Island, is a
synonym of the latter.)

In my Birds of Australia I accepted D. pnrculus Gould for the Kangaroo
Island form ; but at the qviotation given (Broderip, Petimj Cijdop. vol. xxiii.
p. 145, 1843) that name can only be construed as a inide name. I therefore now
use Rothschild's name for tliat species.

Family CASUARIIDAE.
Genus CASXTABinS.

Casiiai-ius Latham, Jmlr.r Oniilh. ii. p. 664. 1790.

Ty])e (by tautonymy) : 0. casuarius Linnd.

4. Casuarius casuarius johnsonii.

C'tsuarius jnhnmtiii Mueller, Pru\ Zw>l. S'lf. (Lund.) 1867. p. -i2 : Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Synonym :

C. auslrnHs (not Shaw) Gould, Proc. Zool. Sw. (Lnml.) li^fu. p. 270.

Australian Cassowary.
Mathews, Handlist No. 4.
Range : North Queensland.

Sub-Class NEOGNATHAE.

Order GALLI FORMES.

Family MBGAPODIIDAE.

Genus MEGAFODIUS.

Me.gapodiu.1 Temminck & Laugier, Plan. Colui: d'Ois. 37' livr. vol. ii. pi. l'2ii. 1823.
Type (by monotypy) : M. freycineti Temminck.

5. Megapodius duperreyi tumulus.

Mrgapodiun tumidiis, Gould, Prnr, /.,„,l_ S,„:, {Lund.) 1812. p. 20 (1842) ; Cobourg Peninsula.

Western Scrub Fowl.
Mathews, Handlist No. 5 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

As I am not ronvincerl that the bones nameil minor by Spencer are tlip .>iainc as the bird figured
by me (plate 4, iu my liirdi uj Australia). I name the ]attei Drmn in- in. i sjxiircri. noni nov.

( n: )

Ci. Megapodius duperreyi assimilis.

Megapndiiiit iissimJIii: Masters, Pmr, Li,ni. Sn,'. A'.S'. 11'. i, p. 59. 1S75 : Dun?eness Island, Torres
Straits.

Easteru Scrub Fowl.

Mathews, Handlist No. 5 fiiars).

Range : North Qneenslaml.

Genns LEIFOA.

Lnpm Gould, Proc. Znol. Snc. {Lund.) 1840. p. 12li (ISU).
Type (by moiiotypy) : Li'ipoa orrllata (imild.

". Leipoa ocellata ocellata.

Leipoa ocfllal,! fjoiild, Pror. Zonl. Sur. (Low!.) 18W. p. l-id (1841): Swan River, Western
Australia.

Western Mallee Fowl.
Matliews, Ild/dlist No. 6 (par.s).
Range : West Australia.

8. Leipoa ocellata rosinae subsp. n.

Eastern Mallee Fowl.

Mathews, Handli.st No. 0 (pars).

Differs from L. o. ocellata in its larger size and lighter coloration. Fully
described and figured in my Birds of AHsfrn/iii (vol. i. p. 42. pi. T) as Lfijjoa
ocellata.

Type : South Australia No. 5.

Range : South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales.

Genus AIiECTURA.

Akclura Latham, Gen. Flht. Binh. vol. x. p. 4.05. 1824.
Type (by monotypy) : Alectura lathami Gray.

9. Alectura lathami lathami.

Alc-liini hilhami Gray, Zim]. Mi>!ceU. p. 4. 18.31 : New South Wales.

Brush Turkey.

Jlathews, Handlist No. 7 (pars).

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales.

Calhetiira.t austral i.s Swainson, Clas.^i. B. ii. p. 206 (1837) is a substitute name
for Alectura lathami Jardine and Selby ; Meleagris liiide.ia)jii Jameson, Mfin.
Werner. Nat. Sac. vol. vii. p. 473 (1838) i.s a nude name, and so is Catheturus
nocachollandiac Bonaparte, Gompt. Rend. x\\\. p. 876 (1856).

10. Alectura lathami robinsoni subsp. n.
Allied Brush Turkey.
Mathews, Handlist No 7 (pars).

Uiflters from A. I. lathami in its smaller size ; fully described and figured in
uiy liirils of Au.stralia (vol. i. j). 56. pi. 8) as Alectura lathami lathami.
Range : Mid Queensland.

( 1-s )
1 1 . Alectura lathami purpureicollis.

TaUgallus purpureicollh Le Souef, Ihis. 1898. p. 51 : Cape York, Queensland.

Pnrple-wattlcd Brnsli Turkey.
Matliews, IlatxHi-st No. !S.
Range : North Queensland.

F.\MII.Y PHASIANIDAE.
Genus COTUBNIX.

Cotocwi'a; Bonnaterre, Tail. Kncyrl. Mflliod. Orii. i. p. I.xxxvii. 1791.
Type (by tantonymy) : C. cnturnix Linue.

12. Coturnix pectoralis pectoralis.

Coturiiix pecloralis Gould, Synnpx. Biril.'< Aiistr. pt. ii. pi. 29. 18:^7 : New South Wales.

Eastern Stubble Quail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 9 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania.

1:5. Coturnix pectoralis praetermissa subsp. n.

Western Stubble Quail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 9 (pars).

DifFers from C. p. pectoralis in its much darker coloration above and below,
especially on the head and breast.
Type: West Australia No. 13.
Range : West Australia.

14. Coturnix australis australis.

Penllx austmlh Latham, Inclfj- Ornith. Siippl. p. Ixii. 1801 : New Sonth Wales.

Eastern Brown Quail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 10 (pars).
Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

Sijnoiois sordidits Gould, Prnr. Zool. Soc. (Lond.) 1847. p. 33 : South Australia.
Is unknown to me.

lo. Cotui'nix australis diemenensis.

Synoicui diemenensix Gould, Proc. Zool. Sm:. (Loud.) 1847. p. 33 (1847) : Tasmania.

Tasmauian Brown Quail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 11.
Range : Tasmania.

10. Coturnix australis cervina.

Synoicm cerrinus Gould, llnndh. Birds Andr, ii. p. 19.0. 1805: Port Eisington, Northern
Territory.

Northern Brown Quail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 13 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North Qneensland.

( 179 )

17. Coturnix australis rogersi subsp. n.

Dark-brown Qnail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 13 ([)ars).

Differs from 0. a. cerrinn in being niiicli chu-ker above.

Type : North- West Australia (Parry's Oeek). No. 26.

Range : North- West Australia.

18. Coturnix australis mungi subsp. n.

Pallid Brown Qnail.

A pallid race of C. a. cnrriiia, the general coloration being greyish, and
especially characterised by the grey head.

Type: North- West Australia (Mnn,i;-i). No. !ll24.
Range : Interior of North-West Australia.

Noti'. — The genus Si/iioin/s cannot be recognised, the supposed differential
characters being scarcely more than good speciKc distinctions. I have admitted
Excal/actoria ; but tlie differences between that genus and Cofurni.r are mainly
that the former has only eight weakly developed rectrices, while the latter has
ten to twelve defined ones.

Genus EXCALFACTOBIA.

E.rniIf(icloria Bonaparte, C'oinplex Rfmhix Sri. (/'»)■/.<) vol. xlii. p. 881. 1856.

Type (by tautonymy) : E. chitiensis (Linne).

10. Excalfactoria chinensis australis.

Excalfarti/ria ituslmlis Gould, Ilumlh. Ilin/.i Anxlr. ii. p. 1'.I7. 18IJ5 : Queensland.

Chestnut-bellied Qnail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 14 (pars).
Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

lv»A. Excalfactoria chinensis victoriae subsp. n.

Southern Chestnut-bellied Quail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 14 (pars).

Differs from E. c. australis in being lighter on tlie Ijack, and having the white
band on the throat narrower.
Tyjie : Victoria No. 3700.
Range : Victoria, South Australia (?)

Note. — As in my Handlist, so in the Birds of Australia, 1 used Scojwli's
subspecific lim-afa for the Australian form, tliougii that name was propose<l for
a Pliilijjpiue bird : this was due to the acceptance of the Catal. Birds British
Museum determination (vol. xxii. p. 253. Is93). Longer series of both the Philip-
pine and Australian forms than were available at the time the Catal. Birds
British Museum was written ])rove the latter to be most distinct, and, moreover,
separable into two subspecies lor one of which Gould's name must be accepted.

r ISn )

Order TURNICIFORMES.
Family TIRXICIDAE.
Genus TUR.NIX.
riimix Bonnaterre. Tuhl. Eiin/cl. ifithod. Oni. i. p Ixxxii. IT'jl.
Type (l\v snbseqnent designation) : 7'. .si/lraticn.

2ii. Turnix maculosa melanotus.

IlfmiiindiiiK melanotus Grould, S»/«o/)s. Biiils Aiixh: pt. ii. pi. .SO. .\pl. lS;i7 : Moreton Bay, (^leens-
land.

Eastern Black-backed ynail.
Mathews, Unii(Hhf No. lo (pars).
IJange : Qneensland, New South Wales.

Note. — lu my Birds of Amtrulia 1 nsed the sjiecific name " mactilosa "
Temminck, stated to have come from New Hdllaml. Vieillot, oxamiaiiig the
same specimen as Temminck named, said it was the Indian form, and with
Vieiilot's determination I agree. Moreover, in the Catalogue of Birds xxii.,
though tnaculosa Temminck was used for the Australian bird, Vieiilot's description
was referred to tiie Indian form, whereas both were applied to the same specimen.
Consequently Gould's separation of the Australian bird must be followed as above.

21. Turnix maculosa pseutes snbsp. n.

Western Black-backed Quail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 15 (pars).

Differs from 7'. m. melanotus in having a deep fulvous well-marked eyebrow,
the fulvous continuing down over the ear-coverts : the fulvous nudercoloration
continues down to the vent, being scarcely lighter on the abdomen, and also
approaches on the white chin coloration. Fully described and figured (as
T. maculosa) in my Birds of Australia, p. 79, pi. 13.

Types : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), Nos. 38 and 39.

Range : North-West Australia.

22. Turnix melanogaster.

Uemipndius melanogaster Gould, Si/iwij^. Jlinh Aiistr. pt. ii. pi. 31. Apl. 1837 : Queensland.

Black-breasted Quail.

Mathews, Handlist No. Ki.

Hauge : Queensland, New South Wales.

23. Turnix varia varia.

I'frdix ruriu Latham, Jnikx Oniilh. Sii/ijil. p. Ixiii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Eastern Painted Quail.
Mathews, Handlist No. IT (pars).

Range : South Qneensland, New South Wales, \'ictoriii, Tasmania, South
Australia.

( 181 )
24. Turnix varia scintillans.

Hemiimdius sanlHhnis Gould, Proc. Znnl. fin,: (Loml.) 1843. p. 62 ; Houtman's Abrolhos, West
Australia.

Western Painted Quail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 17 (jiars).
Range : West Australia.

2r). Turnix varia stirlingi siilis|i. n.

Stirlini? Range's Quail.
Mathews, llandUst No. 17 (pars).

Agrees with T. v. scintillans in its darker upper coloration, but differs in its
much paler undersurface and more white on the ear-coverts.
Type : West Australia (Stirling Range), No. 6124.
Range : West Australia.

2(1. Turnix varia subminuta snbsp. n.

Little Painted Quail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 17 (pars).

Differs from T. v. earia in its smaller size.

Wing lUO ; in typical birds lt)7 — 112 mm.

Type : North Queensland (Cooktown), No. 44.

]{ange : North Queensland.

27. Turnix castanota castanota.

flemlpodius caslanoliis Gould, Piv: Zool. Soc. (Loiul.) 18.39. p. 145 (1840) : Port Essington,
Northern Territory.

CUiestnut-backed Qnail.
Mathews, flandlist No. 18 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

28. Turnix castanota mag'nifica subsp. n.

Large Ohestnut-backed Quail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 18 (pars).

Differs from T. c. castanota in its much larger size and much darker coloration
abovo : it has the line above the superciliary stripe black, instead of brown,
and has more white on the forehead and on the chin. Culm. 11, w. 102, tars. 2'i :
typical birds have culm. 8, w. 80, tars. 20 mm.

Type : North-West Kimberley, No. 56.

Range : North-West Australia.

20. Turnix olivii.

Turnix olirii Robinson, Bidl. Brit. Unt. Club, vol. x. p. xliii. 1000: Cooktown, Queensland.

Allied Quail.

Mathews, TTandlist No. 19.
Range : North Queensland.
Uniiiue in the Tring Museum,

( 182)
3u. Turnix pyrrothorax pyrrothorax.

JTemipodius pyrrothorax Gould, Proc. Zonl. Snc. (L-mil.) 1S40. p. 1 jo (IsH) : X.vv South Wales.

Eastern Red-chested Qnail.
Mathews, Ha ml list No. ViU (pars).
Range : New Sonth Wales, Qneensland.

31. Turnix pyrrothorax berneyi suhsji. n.

Western Red-chostod (^uail.

Mathews, Ilaiidlist No. 20 (pars).

Differs from T. p. pyrrothorax in its mucli darker coloration above, especially
on the mantle, which is dark ashy-grey instead of fawnish, and its much more
rnfons underside. Fnlly described and fis;nred in my Bird.t of Auxiralia (as
7'. pi/rrotl/orax), p. 91. pi. 18.

Type : North- West Anstralia (Parry's ( h-eek). No. 58.

Range : North-West Anstralia.

32. Turnix velox velox.

Ilemiimdim relax Gould, Prnr. Zool. Soc. (Lund.) 1840. p. 1 JO. (1841) : New South Wales

Eastern Little Qnail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 21 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria, Soutli Anstralia.

33. Turnix velox leucogaster.

Turnix hnmr/aslrr North, /Ais, 189,'). p. .'542 : Davenport Creek, Central Australia.

White-bellied Little Quail.
Mathews, Ham/list No. 21 (pars).
Range : Central Anstralia.

34. Turnix velox vinotincta snbsp. n.
Pallid Little Quail.

A pallid phase, differing from T. r. velox in its paler upper surface and in
having the throat pure white and the iilidomen and flanks pale rose-tinged.
Type: North-West Australia (Mnngi), No. '.tl28.
Range: Interior No^th-^Vest Anstralia.

35. Turnix velox picturata sitbsj). n.
Rnfons Little Quail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 21 (jiars).

Differs from T. v. velox in its more rnfons (^ilonring, both above ami below.
Fnlly described and figured (as T. vc/ox) in my Jlir(/.t o/' A'lstrrr/ia, p. '.Ki. pi. ■,'!.
Type: North-AVest Anstralia (Derby), No. 02.
Range : North-West Anstralia.

Genus FEDIOITOMUS.

Priliimnmii^ Could. Prt,r. Zu,,!. S'l,: (Lnml) 1840. p. 114 (1841).
Type (by monotypy) : J'. tort/i>atux Gould.

( 183)
30. Pedionomus torquatus.

Palioiiomiis torquulim Gould. Pnu;. Xwil. S,,,-. (Loiid.) 18-10. p. lU : luterior South Australia.
Synonyms :

PeiViinumu.'i mirniiims Gould, Pi-'ir. Zn^il. Snr. (Ln,„l.) IH42. p. 20 : Interior of South Australia.
Taniic-ti/mtlii ipnUdiuiia Dos Murs, lice. Z'lul. 1845. p. 27(5 ; substitute aame for P. inrquntK^ Gould.

Plain Wanderer.

Mathews, Handlist No. 22.

Range : Adjoining- parts of Now Sonth Wales, Victoria, and (Sontli An.stralia.

Ordeu COLUMBIFORMES.

Family TUKRONIDAE.
Genus FTILIITOFUS.

PlUiniipiis .SwaiusoD, Ztul. Jnuni. vol. i. p. 473. !><■_'.').

Type (by monotypy) : F. re(fiim Swainson.

37. Ptilinopus alligator.

Plilojiiis (Lciuidreruii) aHhj,iliji- CoUett, Pmc. Zid. S,,r. (Lumi) 18'J8. p. .'J54 : Arnhum Laud.
Northern Territory.
Black-banded Fruit Pigeon.
Mathews, Haiuilist No. 23.
Ranee : Northern Territory.

38. Ptilinopus regiua regina.

PlIlhiu/iKis parpunUuti car. regliia Swainson, Z<}(jl. Junni. vol. i. p. 474. 182.5 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Ptilinopug nwaiiisonii Gou\d, Pruc. Zutd. Suj. {Lniid.) 1842. p. 18 : Clarence River, New South Wales.

Red-crowned Fruit Pigeon.
Mathews, HinidUst No. 24.
Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

3'J. Ptilinopus regina ewingii.

PtdiiiopiiH ewhiijii Gould, Pm: Znnl. S.„: (L,„iil ) 1842. p. I'.l (1842) : Port Kssington, Northern
Territory.

Rose-crowned Fruit Pigeon.

Mathews, Handlist No. 2.5.

Range : Northern Territory, Xortii Queensland.

411. Ptilinopus superbus superbus.

C'lilumba snpirba Temmiuck aud Kuip, Lcs Pujiuii^. p. 7fi. pi. x.K.'v.iii. 1811 : HaUnahera.

Synonyms :
Oiliimba ci/anocireiis Lesson, ]'ui/. Con. Znul. pi. 42. f. i. 182G: New (Juinea.

Ptilouopitf Icnnoijmirr Swainson, Cl(ix«ir'. Binh. ii. p. 347. 1837. Substitute name of C. ri/anm-irc/is.
Lniiipnilixi-<iiipiiiplnjc:idictu.s Gould, Ann. .\luij. Xal. llist. (4). .\iii. p. 137. 1874 : Cape York.
Ptilopus numilux Campbell, Emu, v. p. 155. I'M) : Cairns, Queensland.

Purple-crowned Fruit Pigeon.

Mathews, llnifillist No. 20.

Range : (,laeenslaiid. New South Wales (the Papuan and Moluecan Islands).

Note. — 1 have rejected l.eucotrerou, as this genus only differs from Ptilinopus
in not having tlie feathers of the upper breast liifurciited.

( 184)

Genus MEGALOFREFIA.

Megahiinei'ia Reichenbach, S<il. Si/^l. VUgel, p. xxvi (1852).

Type (b\' origiual designation) : ,1/. maynifica (Temmiiick).

41. Megaloprepia magnifica magnifica.

C'liluiiibd iiiiiiiiiifica Temmiuck, Tniiis. L'nin. Snc (Luml.) vol. .'ciii. p. 125 1821: N'ew South
Wales. (Red Point. South of WoUongong.)

ruqple-bieasted Fruit Pigeon.

Mathews, Ilaudlist No. 27.

RiUige : New South Wales, South (^.neensliiiul.

41a. Megaloprepia magnifica keri sulisji. w.

Small Purple-breasted Fruit Pigeon.

Ditfers from M. m. ass/mil/'x in its larger size : wing 200 mm. Fully described
and figured in my Birds of Aii.'<tr(iUii, vol. i. p. ll(i, pi. 2<'>, as M. ///. '//>fi/)i/i//,t.
Tyjie: Bellcuden Kcr, North (ihift'nsland, Xo. 'Ml
Unnge : Mid Queensland.

42. Megaloprepia magnifica assimilis.

Carjinjiliaiia usshiiilis Gould. Pruc. Zuol. S.„-. {L,,ml.) 18r)(i. p. 2ul (ls.-,l) : Cipe York, North Queens-
land

Allied Fruit Pigeon.
Mathews, llamlList No. 28.
Kangc : North (^hu'cnsland.

Genus MYRISTICIVORA.

Myristkioom Reichenbach, Nat. Sys/. Vugel, p. x.wi (1852).

Type (by original designation) : M. littoralis Temminok = L'olumba bicolor

Scopoli.

43. Myristicivora bicolor spilorrhoa.

Cai-pophaga ynlorrlwa Gray, Pm,.-. Ziwl. Sor. (Lnml.) 18o.s. p. IKu : Aru Island-.

Nutmeg Pigeon.

Mathews, lltnxlUst No. 2'.i.

Kange : Northern Territory, Queensland. (New (ininea, Aru Island.)

Genus LOFHOLAIMUS.

Lopliolaiiiius Gray, .1^'/'. Lhl Grncra ISnils, p. 12. 1S42.

Type (by original designation) : L. antarcticna (Shaw).

44. Lopholaimus antarcticus antarcticus.

O'lamba iiutantiM Shaw, Zmil. New IJolland, p. 15. pi. v. 17'.l4 ; Xuw South Wales.

Synonym :

Odnmha ,litn/i/ia Temminck, Trans. Linn. Sw. (Loml.) vol. xiii. p. 12J. 1821 : llcci Point, Xew
South Wales.

Top-luiot Pigeon.

Mathews, JJand/is/ No. :iO (pars).

llange : New South Walea, South Queensland.

f 185 )
45. Lopholaimus antarcticus minor.

Liiiiholai mus milaixticus ininnr Mathews, BinU .iiistr. vol. i. p. 122. 1911 : North Queensland.

Little Top-knot Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 30 (par.s).
Range : North Qiieeushmd.

FAMtr.Y COLUMBIDAE.
Genus COLUKBA.

C'lhimlii IjIuik'', SijsI. Nut ed. x. p. IG'J. I7.'i8.

Tyjie (bj- subsei(ueMt desigiuitiuii) : ('. jialiiinbus Liniu''.

4(i. Columba norfolciensis.

Coliimha niirfiilr/ennix L;vtham, fiidex Omilli. Siijipl. p. Ix. ISdl ; New South Wales.

Synonym :
Culuiiiljii leticomela Temminck, Trmit. Linn. Sue. (Loud.) vol. xiii. p. 120. 1821 : Queensland.

White-headed Fruit Pigeon.

Mathews, Ifa/ufl/.st No. 31.

Range : New South Wales, (jneeusland.

Genus MACROPTGIA.

Murroiii/f/in Swaiason, Clansif. Uinl-i, vol. ii. p. 348. 1837.

Type (by snbseijuent designation): M. phasianella Teimu. /-■/. Col., not 1<S21 !
= J/. te/iuirostris Bonaparte, Consp, Av. ii. p. 57.

47. Macropygia phasianella phasianella.

Columba pliasiaiiella Temminck, Trans. Linn. Sue. {Lund.) vol. .xiil. p. 12',i. 1821 ; near Port
Jackson, New South Wale.?.

Pheasant Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 32 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, South Queensland.

The bird figured in my Birds of Australia, pi. 30, was collected in New South
Wales, not ( 'aims, (.Queensland, as stated.

4s. Macropyg'ia phasianella robinsoni subsp. n.

Northern Pheasant Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 32 (pars).

Differs from M. p. phasianella in its mncli .Nm;iller size and its paler upper
coloration, especially on the head. Wing Iso mm., typ. av. 2ii(i mm.
Type : Northern Territory, No. 'J373.
Range : North Queensland, Northern Territory.

Genus GEOFELIA.

Heiiprlia Swainson, Classlf. Birdx, vol. ii. p. .'!48. 18,'>7.

Type (by monotypy) : G. lineata (Sparrman).

( 186 )
4'.i. Geopelia humeralis humeralis.

Columba humemlis Temminck, Trans. Linn. Hoc. (Lund.) vol. xiii. p. 128. 1H:21 ; Broad Sound,
Queensliind.

Synonym :
Odumhu ei!/lliraw:lien Wagler, Sysl. -Ic. Cnliiinhn. sji. UK. 18-27 : Broad Sound, Queenshud.

Eastern Barred-shouldered Dove.
Mathews, IlanJli.it No. 33 (pars).
llange : Qaeenshmd, New South ^VaIes, Northern Territory.

oil. Greopelia humeralis inexpectata snbsp. n.
Western Barred-shouldered Dove.
Mathews, IhimUist No. 33 (pars).

Differs from G. h. humeralis in its smaller size and lighter coloration. Fully
described aud figured in my Birds of Australia (as G. ktiiiieralis) ou p. 131. pi. 31.
Type: North- West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. loO.
Range : North-West Australia.

o!. Geopelia placida placida.

Geojirlia phvithi Gould, Pfit: Zn.d. Sn: (/„.*/.) 1844. p. hi) (1844): Port Essingtou, Xortheru
Territory.

Northern Ground Dove.
Mathews, Handlist No. 34 (pars).
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

•yl. Geopelia placida tranquilla.

Gmiidiu tranquilla Gould, Pro,: Zool. !io,: {Lund.) 1844. p. olj (1814): Liverpool Plains, New
South Wales.

Eastern Ground Dove.

Mathews, Handlist No. 34 (parsj.

Range: New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia.

53. Geopelia placida clelandi snbsp. n.

Western (Jrcund Dove.
Mathews, Handlist No. 34 (pars).

Differs from ii. p. plcwida in its lighter coloration throughout. Figured on
plate 32 (back figure) in ray liinls of Australia, vol. i.
Type: West Australia (Coongau R.), No. llo.
Range : AVest Australia.

54. Geopelia cuneata cuneata

Oilnniba cunmlii Latham, ImU.r Urnilli. Snj,/,l. p. Ixi. 1801 ; Xew Sjuth \\"ale.s.

Syuouyuis:

Oilumba nviriiuurk (^uoy aiid Gaimard, 1'"//. df I'Cmnic d I'lii/sic, ZixJ. p. IJJ. pi. ill. 1821 : Now

South Wales.
Culuinbii .yii/ojjiem Vigors, Zmd. Joiirn. vol. v. p. 275. 18.'!0 : New South Wales

Little Dove.

Jlathews, Handlist No. 3.'j ([)ars).

Range: New South Wales, (jueenslaud, Northern Territoiy, Soutli-West
Australia.

( 18' )

•^)5. Geopelia cuneata mungi subsp. n.
Miuigi Dove.

Differs from <t. c. oaieatn iii its luncli j)aler coloratioa both above and below.
Type : North-West Australia (Mungi), No. itll'J.
Range : Interior North-West Anstralia.

Note. — Geopelia alwrtnihici Ogilvie Grant (/j'////. Brit. Oni. Club, vol. xxiii.
J). 73. 1900) from Carnarvon, West Australia, is, as the author himself suggested,
obvionsly a hybrid between U. /ddcida rlehuuU and (i. cuneata.

Genus CHALCOFHAFS.

Chn^i-niihups Gould, UinU Aiisti-. vol. v. pi. t\2. 184.!.

Type (by moi)otyi)y) : G. ckn/sochlora (Wagler).

o6. Chalcophaps chrysochlora chrysochlora.

CnUniiba chri/soclilura Wagler, Si/al. .Ir. Cnhuuba, sp. 7',). 1827 : New South Wales (Gosford).

Little Green Pigeon.

Mathews, Handlist, No. 30 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

56a. Chalcophaps chrysochlora rogersi subsji. n.

Northern Green Pigeon.

Differs from C. c. cliri/soclilora in being paler underneath ; and the colonr r)n
the nape not so pronounced. Fully described and figured in my Birds oj Australia,
p. 141. 1)1. 34. as C. chrysochlora.

Type : Cairns, North Queensland, No. ISO.

Range : North Queensland.

56b. Chalcophaps chrysochlora kempi subsp. n.

Cape York Green Pigeon.

Differs from C. c. rogersi in its smaller wing — viz. 143 mm.

Type : Cape York, North Queensland, No. 9800.

Range : Cape York.

57. Chalcophaps chrysochlora longirostris.

Chalcojihajin Imiijiroslris Gould, Birds Auslr. vol. i. IntroJ. p. Ixi.x. 1848 ; Port Essiugton, Northern
Territory.

Synonym :
C/ial<'<ijiliii/is nrriih'iildlU North, Virt. Xidiir. vol. xxiv. p. \'M). 1907 : Northern Territory.

Long-billed (ireen Pigeon.
Mathews, llaiullist No. 36 (pars).
Range: Northern Territory.

Geuus FHAFS.

Phap« Selby, A'(i/. Library Pl./piwi, p. l'.)4. 1835.

Type (by original designation) : P. chalro/jtera (Latham).

14

( 188 )
58. Phaps chalcoptera chalcoptera.

Coliiiiibu rhalcojilerii Lathntn, Jmle.r Oniilli. vol. ii. p. ()04. ITStO : Xew South Wales.

Bronze-winged Pigeon.
Matliews, Handlist No. 3" (pars).
Range: New Sontli Wales.

i>0. Phaps chalcoptera consobrina snbsp. n.

Nortliern Bronze-winged Pigeon.

Mathews, Ilandliat No. 37 (pars).

Differs from /'. c. clialcoptera in its smaller size and generally paler coloration.
Fnlly described and figured in my J3iir/s of Australia, vol. i. p. 14(3. jil. 35 (as
P. cimlcoptei-a).

Wing : f? 18S— 101 ; S typ. 107—200 ; ? 175—182, ? typ. 180—107 mm.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 143.

Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory, North Queensland.

00. Phaps chalcoptera murchisoni subsp. n.

Western Bronze-winged Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 37 (pars).

Differs from P. c. chalcoptera in its more sandy coloration above and being
more suffused with pink below.

Type : West Australia (East Murchison), No. 3880.
Range : Mid-We.stralia.

61. Phaps elegans elegans.

Culiiiiihu eler/tiiiA Temminck & Knip, Pii/.fam. vol. ii. p. 5ii. pi. 22. ISll : Tasmania.

Tasmanian Brush Bronze-winged Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 38 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

02. Phaps elegans neglecta subsp. n.

Brush Bronze-winged Pigeon.

Mathews, Handlist No. 38 (pars).

Differs from P. e. elegans in its slightly larger size and its paler coloration.

Type : Long Bay, Sydney, New Sonth Wales, No. 0900.

Itange : New South Wales, Victoria, Sonth Australia, West Australia.

03. Phaps elegans aflSnis subsp. n.

Pallid Brush Bronze-winged Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 38 (pars).

Differs from P. e. neglecta in its ranch paler coloration above and below,
especially on the mantle.

Tyi)e : South Australia (Emu Well), No. 157.
Range : Interior South Australia.

( ISO )
04. Phaps histrionica histrionica.

Columha (Perisleni) hixtrimiica Gould, Pmc. Znnl. Sor. {Loud.) 1H4I). p. 114: Liverpool Plains
Interior New South Wales.

Eastern Flock Pigeon.
Milt-hews, Iliiiiilli.tt No. :i'.) ([lars).
Range: New Sonth Wales, Qneensjand.

C'-K Phaps histi'ionica alisteri subsj). n.
Northern Flock Pigeon.
Mathews, Ilandlist No. 39 (pars).

Differs from P. h. histrionici in being paler above. Figured and described in
my Birds of AustrtiUa, vol. i. p. 152. pi. 37 as Histriopliaps histrionica.
Type : North- West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. ISS.
Range : North- West Australia, Northern Territor}'.

Genus FETKOFHASSA.

Petrophassa Gould, Pi-nc. Znnl. Sor. {Loml.) 1K4(I. p. 17.^..
Type (by monotyj)y) : P. albipeiniia Gonld.

66. Petrophassa albipennis.

Petmii'irifn alhijiiirili Gould, Pm: Znl. .S'oc. (Loud.) 1840. p. 173 : (Xorth) Western Australia.

White-qnilled Rock Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 40.
Range : North- West Australia.

67. Petrophassa rufipenuis.

Petrn/zlmsiia nifii>viiiis CoUett, Prnc. Znil. Hoc. {Loml.) 189S. p. 3.54 : South Alligator River,
Northern Territory.

Chestnnt-qnilled Rock Pigeon.
Mathews, Ha ndli.it No. 41.
Uange : Northern Territory.

Genus GEOFHAFS.

Gtophaps Gray, .\pi>. Lixt. Gen. Birds, p. 12. 1842.

Type (by original designation) : G. scripta (Temminck).
68. Geophaps scripta.

Cnhimha srrijita Temminck, Tnui<. Limi. Snr. [Lnml) vol. xiii. p. 127. 1821 ; Shoalwater Bay,
Queensland.

Synonym :
Columha hiscrijila Wagl.T, %««. Ac. Cnlirmlm, sp. 59. 1827 : Shoalwater Bay, Queensland.
Partridge-Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 42.
Range : Queensland, New Sonth Wales, Sonth Australia (?).

( i"o )
00. Geophaps smithi.

Columba xmitliii Jardine & Selby, lUus. Ornitli. vol. ii. pi. 104. 1830 : N'orth-West Australia.

Naked-eyed Partrido;e Pigeon.

Matliews, HamlUst No. 43.

Rauge : North- West Australia, NortlirTii Territory.

Genus LOPHOPHAPS.

LiiplidpUdps Reichenbacb, Nat. Syst. Viigil, ji. xxv. 18r)2.

Type (liy original designation) : L. pbimifpra Gonld.

70. Loptophaps ferruginea ferruginea.

Liiiihupliiqix JeiTHijiiim Gould, Handb. Birdx Aiixlr. vol. ii. p. 137. 1865 : Shark's Bay, Western
Australia.

Red-plunied Pigeon.

Mathews, IlamlUst No. 44 (par.s).

Range : West Australia.

Tl. Lophophaps ferruginea mungi subsp. n.
Pale Red-pliimed Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 44 (pars).

Differs from L. f. ferrtiginea in its ranch paler coloration above and below.
Type : North-West Australia (Miingi), No. OlKi.
Range : North-West Australia.

72. Lophophaps plumifera plumifera.

Geophaps plumifera Gould, Prac. Zuol. Soc. (Loud.) lHi2. p. lit : near Cape Hotham, Northern
Territory.

Plumed Pigeon.

Mathews, Handlist No. 4.5 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory.

73. Lophophaps plumifera pallida sulisp. n.

North- Western Plumed Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 45 (pars).

Differs from L. p. plumifera in being much paler above : described and
figured in my Birds of Australia (vol. i. p. 172. pi. 43) as L. />. plumifera.
Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Greek), No. 173.
Range : North-West Australia.

74. Lophophaps plumifera leucogaster.

Lojiliniditips Idii'nriaairr Gould, /?;«/.< Aiistr. Snpjil. pi. 69. 1867: Machrihaniah Station, South
Australia.

AVhite-billicd Plnraed Pigeon.
Mathews, Handlist No. 4.5 (pars).
Range : Central Anstralia.

( 101 )

Genns OCYFHAFS.

()<-i/liInqts Gray, Ajjji. Lltt. Gen. liinU, p. VX. 1S4L'.

Type (by origiual designation) : 0. lophotets (Temminck).
To. Ocyphaps lophotes lophotes.

C'lhuiiha lajiholex Temminck i^- Laugiei', I'lnii. Cidir. il'Oi.s. 21' livr. vol. ii. pi. 142. 1H22 : Hlue
Mountains, New South Wales.

Crested Pigeon.

Matbews, Handlist No. 46 (iiars).

Range : New Sontb Wales, Victoria.

76. Ocyphaps lophotes whitlocki snbsp. n.

Western Crested Pigeon.
Matbews, Handlist No. 40 (pars).

Differs from 0. I. lophotes \i\ its smaller wing measurement of 157 mm. :
typical birds bave the wing 175 mm.

Type : East Murcbison, South- West Australia.
Range : West Australia.

77. Ocyphaps lophotes stalkeri subsp. u.

Pallid Crested Pigeon.

Mathews, Handlist No. 46 (pars).

Differs from 0. I. lophotes in its much [)aler coloration above and below.
Figured and described in my Birds of Australia, vol. i. j). 17n. jil. 44 as
Oci/phaps lophotes.

Type : Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 185.

Range : Northern Territory, Central Australia.

Genus LEUCOSARCIA.

Leuaisairiu Gould, Binis Aitsli-. vol. v. pi. G.S. 1H4.'5.

Type (by raonotypy) : L. melanolenca (Latham). ^

78. Leucosarcia melanoleuca.

CuUiinba iiflaiKilrii'K Latham, Jiulce Oriiil/i. Suppl. p. lix. 18Ul : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Cohiiiiba jiirala Latham, Inile.,- Oniilli. Siijijil. p. lix. No. 2. 1801 : New South Wales.
Ciiliimha armilliiris Temminck et Kuip, Pig. fnin. vol. ii. p. 13. pi. vi. 1811 ) .^ S i tl W Ipi
CW«mi,( (7i»f,/,/»)iy Temminck, f/>/. p< (?((//. i. p. .%!). 1813 J ^ ew o

" CoUimha" jamii'soii, Quoy et Gaimard, Voij. de I'Urnnie at PIti/sic. Zuul. p. 123. (note) 1824;

New South Wales.

Wonga-wonga.

Mathews, Handlist No. 47.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria,

( 192 )

OiiPER RALLIFOKMES.
Family RALLIDAE.
Genus KALLUS.

liiillm LiiiDi', •^ijxl. J\'a^ ed. x. p. 153. 1758.

Type (by subs, desigaation) : 11. atjiiaticKx Lima'.

T9. Rallus pectoralis pectoralis.

Riillns im-hiridh Temminck i*;- Liugier, I'lnn. Co/or d'Ois. m livr. vol. v. p opp. pi. h2i 1S3I
New South Wales.

Synonyms :

RlMus '"■'•^■'">« I Swainson, Anim. in iUmij. p. 336. 1837 : both from Tasmania.
/{alius Invinu )

Slate-breasted Rail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 48 (pars).

Range: South Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South

Australia.

80. Rallus pectoralis clelandi.

Rallus iiecUimli.1 rlelanilt Mathews, Birds AksIi: vol. i. p. I.s;i. I'.lll : West Australia.

Western Slate-breasted Rail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 4S (pars).
Range : West Australia.

Genus EXTLABEOBNIS.

Eidaljponiis Gould, Pi-uc. Ztml. Sue. {I.vmi.) 1844. p. 50.

Tyi)e (by monotypy) : E. castaneoKentris Gould.

81. Eulabeornis philippensis australis.

Ilypotaenidia australis Pelzehi, /6i.s. 1873. p. 42 : New South AVales.
Eastern Buff-banded Rail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 49 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

82. Eulabeornis philippensis mellori subs)], n.
AVestern Buff-banded Rail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 49 (pars).

Differs from E. p. australis in being much darker above ; measurements about
the same.

Type : Sandy Hook Island, south-east of West Australia, No. .s'.J2:i.
Range : West Australia.

83. Eulabeornis castaneoventris castaneoventris.

Eulabeornis castaneooentris Gould, Proc. Zool. Sw.: {Lmul.) 1844. p. 5(! : Gulf of Carpentaria.
Eastern Chestnut-bellied Rail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 50 (pars).
Range : North Queensland,

( 19:5 )

■S4. Eulabeornis castaneoventris rogersi subsp. n.

Western Cliestnut-liellied Rail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 50 (itars).

Differs from E. c. castaiicootiutris in its darker coloration, esjiecially below.
Fully described and figured in my liinix nf Australia, vol. i. \\. 2U0. jil. 48, us
E. c. castaneoventris.

Type : North- West Australia (Ubagama), No. S'Jll.

Range : North-West Australia.

Genus TOMIBDUS nov. gen.
Type : Eidabeornis tricolor rnbinsoid Mathews.

I pointed out how this bird differed from Eidabeornis and from Rallina in the
Birds of Australia vol. i. p. :.'04.

8."). Tomirdus tricolor robinsoni.

ICiiliibi'uriiis Iriinliir rolii/iso/ii Mathews, Birils Aiistr. vol. i. p 203. 1911 : Q'leeasland.

Red-necked Rail.

Mathews, Handlist No. ."')1.

Range : North Queensland. •

Genus CREX.

Cre.r Bechstein, (Jniitli. Ti(.vluiih. vol. ii. p. ;^36. 18(J3.
Ty[)e (by tautonymy) : C. crex (Linne).

86. Crex crex.

Rallux crex Linar, Susl. Niil. ed. x. p. 153. 1758 ; Europe.
Synonyms :

Ci-cj- jiniteiisis Bechstein, Oni. Tnsrhenb. ii. p. 337. 1803 : Europe.

Cre.i: Jierbaruin Brehm, I/amlb. Xatiirtj. Vog. Di'atschl. p. 601. 1831 : Europe.

Crex ulticepn id., lb. : Europe.

Rallus feathei-stoiiii BuUer, Essay Oniil'i. New Zeabtiul, p. 18. 1865 : New Z'saland.

Land Rail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 52.

Range: Australia (accidental ; one occurrence). E.Ktralimital.

Genus FOBZANA.

Purztiiia Vieillot, Amtli/se ititur. Onitlh. p. 61. 1816.

Type (by monotypy) : F. i>orzana (Liime).

87. Porzana fluminea.

PurMim Jluiiiiiini Gould, Prue. Zuid. Sue. (Lund) I84'J. p. Ui'J : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Ralliiii noraeliullaiKlitie Pucheran, Ree. Miuj. ZwA. p. 278 (1851) : New South Wales.

Australian Spotted f'rake.

Mathews, Handlist No. 53.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

( If-t )

88. Forzana pusilla palustris.

Porzaiia jMlaxIris GouW, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Lund.) 1S4J. ]i. IH'.i : Tasmania.

Little Crake.

Mathews, Handlist Xo. o4.

Range: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, 8onth Australia.
West Australia.

a^-K Forzana plumbea immaculata.

Galliimla iiiiiiiacidatn Swainson, Aiiim. in Menng. p. .3.37. 183H ; Tasmania.

Spotless Crake.
Mathews, IlanjIUsf No. 55.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, West
Australia.

Uii. Forzana cinerea leucophrys.

Poi-.iiiui teucijjjkrijs Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Land.) 1847. p. 33: Port Essington, Xorthern
Territory.

White-browed Crake.

Matliews, Handlist No. 56.

Range : North- W'est Australia, Northern Territory, North t^ueensland.

Genus TBIBONYX.

Tri/,'in,/j: Du Bus, Hull. Arad. Roy. S'i Bni.r. vol. vii. p. -^12. 1840.
Type (by mouotyjiyj : 7'. morticri l)n Bus.

Ul. Tribonyx mortieri.

Trihoniix mortieri Du Bus. Bull. Acod. lioi/, ,Sri. Brn.r. vol. vii. p. '2\\. 1K40 : Tasmania.

Synonyms :

Brachyptrallm rulloides Lafresnaye, Re.vue Zool. p. 'iSi. 1840 : Tasmania.

Trihomj.r ijnuldi Sclater, Ann. .\foi/. Xat. Hi-I. ser. iii. vol. x.\. p. Vl'.'>. 1807 : Tasmania.

Native Hen.

Mathews, Handlist No. 58.

Range : Tasmania.

92. Tribonyx ventralis ventralis.

Gnllinnlii cenlmlis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lnnd.) 183(i. p. K;') : .Swan River, West Australia.

Black-tailed Native Hen.
Mathews, Handlist No. 59 (pars).
Range : Sonth-West Australia.

U3. Tribonyx ventralis whitei subsp. n.

Eastern Black-tailed Native Hen.
Mathews, Handlist No. 69 (jiars).

Differs from T. c. centralis in its slightly smaller vviiii; /Jlo luiu. : t\pical
wing 22U), its browner undercoloration and less deep bill.
Type : Nevertire, New South Wales, No. 6822.
Range: New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

( 195 )

94. Tribonyx ventralis territorii subsp. n.

Northera Black-tailed Native Hen.

Mathews, Handlist No. 59 (pars).

Difters from T. i: renfralis in liaving browu wing-coverts.

Type : Alexandra, Northern Territory.

Range : Northern Territory, North-AVest Australia.

Genus GALLIITULA.

Giilliimla Tunstall. 0,-nitli. Brit. p. 3. 1771.

Type (by tautonymy) : G. c/iloro//i/i> (Linne).

95. Gallinula moluccana ruficrissa.

Galliiado fnli<:ii««n Gould, Ann. Maij. Nat. HUt. ser. iv. vol. iv. p. 110. 1869: Cape River,
Queensland.

Rafous-tailed Moorhen.

Mathews, Handlist No. 57.

Range : North Queensland, Northern Territory.

9tj. Gallinula tenebrosa tenebrosa.

G'lUhiuhi tenrhrmii Gould, Pnir. Zonl. S>i<: {Limit.) 184U. p. 20 ; South Australia.

Black Moorhen.

Mathews, Handlist No. 60 (i)ars).

Range : Sonth Australia, Victoria, Southern New South Wales.

97. Gallinula tenebrosa magnirostris snbsp. n.

Western Black Moorhen.

Mathews, Handlist No. GO (parsj.

Differs from G. t. tenebrosa in having a larger bill.

Type : Guilford, West Australia, No. 218.

Range : West Australia.

08. Gallinula tenebrosa subfrontata subsp. n.

Northern Black Moorhen.
Mathews, Handlist No. 6U (pars).

Differs from G. t. tenebrosa in its smaller size ; figured and described in my
Birds of Australia, vol. i. p. 232. pi. 57, as G. t. tenebrosa.
Type: Richmond River, New South Wales, No. 217.
Range : New Sonth Wales, Queensland.

Genus FORFHYRIO.

Piirpliyriii Bonnaterre, Tahl- Enn/rl. Mi'tliml. Ornilli. vol. i. p. xciv. 1701.
Type (by tautonymy) : P. porphyrio (Linne).

( lOG )
'JO. Porphyrio melanotus melanotus.

Pwphyrio iialiinutus Temminck, .][aiiHi'l il'Omilli. L'nd ed. vol. ii. |). 7U1. IH-JO : Nuw South Wales.

Eastern Bald Coot.

Mathews, UaiuUist No. &~ (])ars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

111". Porphyrio melanotus fletcherae.

Purplujrio meluiwtusjUlohera)' Mathews, Blnls Aiisli: vol. i. p. '243 (I'JIl) : Tasmania.

Tasnianian Bald Coot.

Mathews, Handlist No. GX' (pars).

llange :. Tasmania.

1"1. Porphyrio melanotus neomelanotus.

Pwjihi/ni) mdanijlus ncumelanulus Mathews, Birds Atisli: vol. i. p. '.UO. pi. IW (1911) : Xorth-West
Aastralia.

North-Western Bald Coot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 62 (pars).
Range : North- West Australia.

M2. Porphyrio melanotus bellus.

I'ni-iihiiro, biUiis Gould, Pmc. Zuul. Sw. (Lund.) 18-10. p. 170: Western Australia.

Blue Bald Coot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 01.
Range : South-West Australia.

Genns FTTLICA.

Fiilica Linne, Sysl. \al. ed. .\. p. 152. 1758.

Type (by subs, designation) : F. atra Linne.

Iu3. Fulica atra australis.

Fulka auntralls Gould, Prot: Zuul. Sor. (Lund.) 1845. p. 2 : Western Australia.

Western Coot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 04 fpars).

Range : Western Australia.

1"4. Fulica atra tasmanica.

Fulica tanmatuca Grant, Tanm. Juurn. Scii'nre vol. ii. p. 310. 184lj ; Tasmania.

Eastern Coot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 64 (pars).

Range : South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New Sonth Wales, Queensland.

Iu5. Fulica atra ingrami subsji. n.
Northern Coot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 64 (pars).

Differs from /•'. a. australis in having a darker head and under-surface.
Tyjie : Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 222.
Range : Northern Territory.

( l'-»- )

OiiDEK POUICIPEDIFORMES.

Family PODICIPEDIDAE.

Genas FODICEFS.

Pudkeps Latham, Gen. Sijitops. Suppl. vol. i. p. '2'J-t. 1787.

Type (by subs, desigaation) : P. cristatus (Lirine).

100. Podiceps cristatus christiani.

Podicejix rristiiinx clirialidii/ Mathews, Binis Austr. vol. i. p. 2G7. pi. 04 (1911) : Victoria.

Australian Tippet Grebe.
Mathews, Ilaiullid No. (17 (pars).
Range : Australia generally, Tasmania.

107. Podiceps fluviatilis novaehoUandiae.

Podiceps novaehoUandiae Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. ZinA. vol. xiii. p. 18. 182.5 ; New South Wales.

Synonym :
Podiceps f/idoris Gould, Pror. Zoul. Soc. {Loud.) 1836. p. 145. (1837) ; Xew South Wales.

Black-throated Grebe.

Mathews, Handlist No. 65 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

lo8. Podiceps fluviatilis carterae snbsp. n.

Western Black-throated Grebe.
Mathews, Handlist No. 65 (pars).

Differs from P.f. novaehoUandiae in its darker coloration above and its much
shorter, thicker bill.

Type : West Australia (Broome Hill), No. 225.
Range : West Australia.

1"''. Podiceps fluviatilis parryi subs p. n.
North-Western Black-throated Grebf.
Mathews, Handlist No. 65 (pars).

Uift'ers from P. f. noraehollandiae in its much lighter coloration and in its
more slender bill.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 224.
Range : North-West Australia.

110. Podiceps poliocephalus poliocephalus.

Pudlcej/s poliiicijihalus Jardine & Selby, Illus. Oriiilh. vol. i. p. 13. 1827 : New South Wales
Synonym :

Podiceps nestor Gould, Prw, Zoul. Sue. (Loud.) 1830. p. 145 (1837) ; New South Wales.

Hoary-headed (irebe.

Mathews, Handlist No. 66 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Viitoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

111. Podiceps poliocephalus cloatesi subsp. n.
Western Hoary-headed (irebc.
Mathews, Handli.it No. 66 (jjars).

( 19S )

Differs from /', ]>. iioliocephalus in its darker coloratiuu above and in having
the sides of the breast more bufl'.

Type : ^Vest Anstralia (Point Chiates), No. •,'34.
Range : North-West Australia and Northern Territory.

Obdek SPHENISCIFORMES.

Family SPHENISCIDAE.

Genas AFTEITOBYTES.

Ajiknudi/li'x Miller, '' Var. Subjrcts .Vu/. Ilisl. pt. iv. pi. 2'.i. 1778."
Type (by mouotypy) : A. /lataf/onicd Miller.

112. Aptenodytes patag^onica halli.

Ajikiiiidyten patagonira halli Mathswp, llinl.'< Audr. vol. i, p. 272 (I'JIl) : Macquarie Lsland.

Allied King Penguin.

Range : Macqnarie Island, Snares Island, Stewart Island, Tasmania
(accidental).

Genus FEKGUINUS.
Penrjuimis Brunnich, Znul. Fund. p. 78. 1772.

Type (by subsequent designation) : /'. ckiy.socome Forster.

Phaithon demcrsuis is nndoubtedly the young of a species of Penguin of this
group : no locality is given^ and the dnsi-ription and figure are specifically inde-
terminable.

113. Penguinus chrysocome chrysocome.

Aptenodt/tfs rUnjmcoinr Forster, Oiiitiii. Gottimj, vol. iii. p. VXi. 1781 ; Tasmani.i.

Synonyms :

*Pinguinaria cirrhata Shaw, ia Miller's CimrVic Phiisicu, p. '.12. 170('i.

*Ai)tmoiyleK rrestata Miller, (7). pi. 49.

Chrysocoma catarracfea (joald. Kandh. Brit. Austr. vol. ii. p. 517. 186;') : Tasiiiaiiiu.

(.'rested Penguin.

Mathews, Ihni/Ust No. 70.

Range : Australian and New Zealand Seas.

Genus EUDYPTULA.

Eiulyptulii Bonaparte, Conqiles Rcndiis Sci. (Parix) vol. .xlii. p. 77.5. ISuti.

Type (by monotyjiy) : K. mi)wr (Forster).

114. Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae.

Spheni>iC'ix mifarholltinilinc Stephens, in Shaw's (rcn. Zool. vol. .\iii, i)t. ii. p. 08. 182)'i : Port .Tacksou.
New South Wales.

Synonym :

Aptniddytfn undina (rould, i'roc. Zool. Soc. (Lund.) 1844. p. 57 : Taam.itiia.

Little Penguin.

Mathews, //a//f/li.-:f No. 71 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

• These two names are for t'te .^^amc bird. an<l as they are from Korster's tYjio the type-locality is
Tasmania.

( 190 )

115. Eudyptula minor woodward! subsp. n.

Western Little Penguin.
Mathews, Handlist No. Tl (iiars).

Differs from E. m. novanhoUiimUai' in its grey-blue coloration above and the
flipper being grey and not blue.

T3'pe : Sandy Hook Island, sontli-east of West Anstralia, No. 239.
Range : West Anstralia.

Order PROCELLARIIFORMES.

F.\Mii.v PROOELLAIUIDAE.

Genus OCEANITES.

Ocrmiile^ Keyserling l^- Blasius, Wirlir/lJi. Eiii-njm p. xciii. 18411.
Typo (by monotypy) : 0. occanica (Knhl).

IKi. Oceanites oceanica.

Procellaria oceanica Kuhl, Bcilrnfie Zvul. Vergl. Anal. p. 136. 1H20: South Atlantic Oceaii.

Synonym :
I'rocellarla wilsonii Bonaparte, Juiini. Ar. Phil. vol. iii. p. 231. pi. ix. 1823 : North Atlantic.

Yellow-webbed Storm Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 73.

Range : Australian Seas. E.xtniliiuital.

IIT. Oceanites nereis.

Tliahisaidrnma nereis Gould, Proc. Znnl. Soc. {Loud.) 1840. p. 178 : Bass Straits, Australia.

Grey-backed Storm Petrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. 74.
l^ange : Australian Seas. Extralimital.

Genus FELAGODROMA.

Pelar/odroma Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. Vogel, p. iv. 1852.

Type (by original designation) : P. marina (Latham).

11><. Pelagodroma marina.

Prneelliirin mai-iiia Latham, Index Oniith. vol. ii. p. 82li. 1790 : South Atlantic Ocean.

Synonym :

ThalasHidroiiia lii/poleiira Monquin— Tandon, in Webb and Berthelot, Oi-nifh. Canar. p. 45 (1841) :
Teneriffe, Canary Islands.

White-faced Storm Petrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. ':-<.
Range: Australian Seas (l)recding). Exh-aliiuit;il.

Genus FREGETTA.

Freejetta Bonaparte, C"mjile.i Rendns -Sri. {Par/x} vol. xli. p. 1112. 1865.
Type (by original designation) : /'. leticogastra (Gould).

( 200 )
ll'». Freg^etta tropica melanogaster.

Thalasnidroma melanogasler Gould, Ann. M„f/. Ntil. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 367. 1844 : Islands of
St. Paul's and Amsterdam.

Black-bellied 8torm Petrel.
Mathews, IlandliM No. TO.
Range : Anstralian Seas. E.xtraliinital.

120. Fregetta g:rallaria grallaria.

Procellaria girillnrla Vieillot, Nf,ur. Did. mi'/ Ifisl. Xut. vol. xxv. p. 418. 1817 : Australia.

White-bellied Storm Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 77.

Range : Australian Seas. Extralimital.

Family PUFFINIDAE.
Genus PUPPINUS.

Pvffinus Cavier, Riijue Animal, vol. i. p. ,010. 181G.

Type (by tautonymy) : P. puffinm (Brannich).

121. Fuffinns leucomelas.

Prncellaria Uurniiielas Temminok and Laugier, Pliiii. Color. d'Oix. 97" livr. vol. v. pi. 587. 183') :
Seas of Japan.

White-fronted Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 78.

Range : Seas of Japan (supposed to have been once killed in Australia)

122. Puffinus obscurus assimilis.

Puffinus assimilis Gculd, Syiioii.i. Birih Aiixli: pt. iv. App. p. 7. 1838 ; Norfolk Island.

Synonym :
Puffinug migax Bonaparte, Consp. Av. ii. p. 205. 1856 : South Pacific Ocean.
Allied Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 80.
Range : Anstralian Seas (breeding). Extralimital.

123. PuflSnus gavia.

Procellaria garin Forater, De.icr. Anim. ed. Lioht. p. 148. 1844 : Queen Charlotte Sound, New
Zealand.

Brown-backed Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 83.

Range : Anstralian Seas. Extralimital.

124. Puffinus chlororhynchus chlororhynchus.

Piiffimis rlitornrln/ni-lin/: Lesson, Tniil/- ,t'i Iniith. p. (',i:i. 1831 : Shark's l{:iy. West .Australia. (Type
examined).

Synonym :

PuffimiH xpliemmm Gould, Ann. Mug. Nal. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 365. 1844 : Houtmann's Abrolhos,
West Anstralia.

(201 )

Wedge-tailed Petrel.

Mathews, HaixUist No. TO.

Range: Anstraliaii Seas (breeding!. Extraliinital.

12."i. PuflBnus carneipes.

Piiffunis mnirijii's Gould, Aim. Maij. Xat. /lint. vol. .\iii. p. 305. 1844 : Near Cape Leeuwin,
West Australia.

Fleshy-footed Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 81.

Range: Australian Seas (breeding). Extralimital.

120. Puffinus griseus.

Prnrellaria grisea Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. p. 504. 178'J : Xew Zealand.

Synon}-ms :

? Puffinus fnligliiostui Strickland, Prnr. Znol. .Sw. {Lmiil.) Wi2. p. 129 : Yorkshire. England.
Procelhiriii Irixtls Forster, Descr. Aiiim. ed. Licht. p. i05. 1844 : Antarctic Ocean, Lat. 48'.
Nectris r/iUensin Bonaparte, Comjt. Av. ii. p. 202. 1850 : Chili.
Xedrin amaurosmna Coues, Proc. Ar._ Nat. Sr. Philail. p. 143. 1804 : Pacific coast of North

America.
'! Puffinus drirhlamU Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway's Woier B. North America, ii. p. 3',ll.

1884. Substitute name for Piifiiini.i fuliffiiinsnx Strickl.

Sombre Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 82.

Range : Australian Seas. E.xtralimital.

126a. Puffinus tenuirostris intermedius.

Pnffinnx hitennnliiix Hull, Eniii. vol. xi. p. 'JS. Hill : Port Stephens, New South Wales.

Solitary Petrel.

Range : New South Wales.

127. Puffinus tenuirostris brevicaudus.

Puffinus hrri'iniuduis Gould, Binl< Austr. vol. vii. pi. 5ii. 1847 : Green Island, Bass Straits.

Short-tailed Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 84.

Range : Australian Seas (Iireeding).

Genus FBOCELLABIA.

Prncellarin Linne, Si/.it. Nat. ed. x. p. 131. 1758.

Type (by subsequent designation) : P. aequinoctinUs Lione.

128. Procellaria cinerea.

Prnivlluria chieri'n Gmelin, Sifsl. Xat. p. 5i'i3. 1789 : Antarctic Circle.

Synonyms :
Prncellarin r/pliilii Gmelin, Si/xl. -Va/. p. 504. 1789 : Antarctic Circle.

Prnrellaria melauura Bonnaterre, Talil. Enri/rl. Methml. Orn. i. p. 79. 1791 : .\ntarctic Circle.
Adanmatur li/pits Bonaparte, Cmi-yi. Ar. ii. p 187. 1857 : Antarctic Ocean.
Prneelhiria ndamnstnr Schlegel, Mus. P. Ban. vi. Pmrdl. p. 23. 1803 : Antarctic Ocean.

Brown Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 85.

Range : Australian Seas. E.xtralimital.

( 202 )
129. Procellaria aequinoctialis conspicillata.

Procellaria coiispicitlala Gould, .1««. Mug. Xal. lliM. vol. xiii. p. 362. 1844: Tasmanian Seas.

Spectacled Petrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. 88.
Range : Anstralian Seas.

13i». Procellaria parkinsoni.

Procel/in-iii iHivhiiKuin; Gray, Ih'ix, 18G2. p. 245 : New Zealand.

Black Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 89.

Range: An.stralian Seas. Extralimital.

Genus FBIOCELLA.

Priocella Hombron and Jacqainot, Comptes Rendns Sri. (Pitrh). vol. xviii. p. 357. 1844 :

T3-pe (by monotypy) : P. glacialoides Smith.

131. Priocella glacialoides.

Pmcellarm ijlacialniilfK Smith, Ilhii. Zool. Soiilh Afrira. pi. 51. l«4il ; Cape Seas.

Synonyms :

Priocella gamotii Hombron and Jacquinot, Comjilex Roidns. Sci. [Parix). vol. xviii. p. 357. 1844 :

nude name.
Thalassijica /mlaris Bonaparte, Consp. Av. ii. p. 192. 1857, nude name.
Procellaria ^milhi Schlegel, .Mas. P. Bas. vi. Procell. p. 22. 18G3 : substitute name for P. glacialoides

Smith.

Silver-grey Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 87.

Range: Anstralian Seas. Extralimital.

Genus FETBODROSCA.

Petrodroma Bonaparte, Comjttes Rendus Sci. (Paris), vol. xlii. p. 708. 185G.
Type (by snbseqnent designation) : P. macroptera (Smith l

132. Aestrelata macroptera gouldi.

Aolrclata gouldi Hutton, Ilm. 1869. p. 361 ; New Zealand.

Great-winged Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 90.

Range : Anstralian Seas (breeding).

133. Petrodroma lessonii

Procellaria lessonii Garnot, Annah Sci. A'"/. (/^,U7«). vol. vii. p. 54. IHiT, : K.alkland I.sland Seas.

Synonyms :

Piiffimis .vrii-cus Lesson, .Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 402. 182H : Soutli Pacific, 52" S. hit., H5° W. long.
Procellaria leucocejjhala Forster, Dmcr. A7iim. ed. Licht. p. 2()(;. 1844 : South Pacific Ocean.
Procellaria rngahumta Solander, MS. nude name (cf. Salvin, Cal. II. I'.ril. .Mas, xxv. p. 401. 189i;).

White-headed Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 91.

Ranee : Anstralian Seas. Extralimital.

( 203 )
134. Petrodroma mollis.

rocellaria mollis Gjuld, Ann. Mag. Nat. IIir:l. vol. .tiii. p. 'M:i. l»4i . South Atlaatic Ocean.

Soft-plnmaged Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 92.

Range: Australiau Seas. Extralimital.

13.5. Petrodroma solandri.

Procellariasdla I Iri GoalJ, Ann. .l/'tj. ynt. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 363. 18i4: Bass Straits, Australia.

Synonym :

OixMata numtana Hall, Proc. Lliin. Sue. X.S.W. vol. xxxv. p. 785. I'JU ; Lord Howe Mand.

Brown-headed Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 94.

Range : Australian Seas. Lord Howe Island (breeding).

13(5. Petrodroma cookii leucoptera.

Procelhrio li:ui-<ipten( Gould, Ann. Maij. Nat. Hi-it. vol. xiii. p. 304. 1844 : Port Stephens Harbour,
New South Wales.

Synonym :

liluinlisles velux Bonaparte, Coniptes Rentlus Sci. (Paris), vol. xiii. p. 768. 1856. Substitute name
for leiicupteni Gould .

White-wiuged Petrel. -

Mathews, Handlist No. 97.

Range : Australian Seas (breediug).

Genns MACRONECTES.

Macninectes Kiohmond, Proc. Biol. Sm: ITus/'. vol. xviii, p. 76. 11)06.
Type (by orig. desig.) : M. (ligauteus i Gmeliu).

137. Macronectes giganteus.

Priiccllaria ijigautea Gmelin, Hijst. Nat. p. 563. IT'i'J : Staten Island, off TIerra del Fuego.

Synonym :
ProcMaria ossifraga Forster, Descr. Aiiini. ed. Licht. p. 343. 1844 ; Tierra del Fuego.

Giant Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 100.

Range: Australian Seas. Extralimital.

Genus DAPTIOIT.

ujitiun Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zoul. vol. xiii. pt. i. p. ■J.'j'.). 1826.
Ty]ie (by orig. desig.) : D. capcnsc (Liniii').

138. Daptiou capense.

Prucellaria rapsiisis Liunu, Sy.-it. Nat. cd. x. p. 132. 1758 ; Caiia of Good Hupo.

Cape Petrel.

Mathew.s, Handlist No. lOl.

Range : Australiau Seas. Extralimital.

Genus FBIOIT.

Prion LaciSpede, Tab!. Oiaeati.r p. 14. 17119.

Type (by subs, desig.) : P. cittatus (Gmelin).

lo

( 204 )
13!t. Prion caeruleus.

Prtwcllaria luerulm Gmelin, Si/8t. Xat. p. 5Gil. 17H0 ; Southern Occau. 47" to bH'.

Synonyms :
Piiiiellariti sliiiilis Forster, Discr. Aiiiiii. ed. Licht. p. 59. 1841 ; Autaictic Ocean.
/lalulaeim h/pirn Bonaparte, Comj>. Av. vol. ii, p. 1114. 1867 : Waigiou Island [error].

Blue Petrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 1U2.

Range : Australian 8eas. Extraliinital.

140. Prion vittatus vittatus.

I'l-iicelldi-ia i-ilhiki Gmelin, Syd. Nat. p. 5G0. I7«'J : New Zealand.
Synonyms :

Procellttria foratpri Latham, Inli'.r (Jniitlt. vol. ii. p. 827. 17U0 ; New Zeahiud.

ProcelUiria l(ittru/itri'< Bonnaterre, T<ibL Encijcl. Mcthoil. Oi'n. vol. i. p. 81. 1791 : New Zealand,

Prion iiMgiiiroslTi" Gould, Pnic. Zmil. Soc. (^Lond.) 18lJ2, p. 125 : New Zealand.

Prion australis Potts, Ibis. 1873. p. 85 : New Zealand.

Brortd-billed Dove Petrel or Prion.

Mathews, Ikuullist No. 103.

Hiinge : Australian Seas. E.^^tralimital.

141. Prion banksi.

Pachyjilila banksi Smith, Illu.^. Zool. South Afr. pi. 55. 1841) : South African Seas.

Synonym :
Prion rossi Bonaparte, Cnnxp. Ar. vol. ii. p. I<J3. I8.'i7 : Antai'ctic Seas.

Long-hilled Dove Petrel or Prion.

Mathews, [[aiirllist No. 104.

Range : Australian Seas. Extralimital.

142. Prion desolatus.

Procellaria denohttu Gmelin, Syat. Xal. p. 562. 1789 : Kerguelen Island.

Synonym :
Prucf 11(1 rill fasciald Boauaterre, Tubl. Eiicyil. Melliad. <lr,i. i. p. 7'.t. I7!ll : Kerguelen Island.
Prorellaria turtur Sonith, /H«s. Zool. S. Africii, pi. 54. 184U : Cape Sea«.
Prion disjmr Vanhijffen, Jnurn.fur. Oni. 1905. p. 505 ; Kerguelen Inland.

Dove Petrel or Prion.

Mathews, llaiidlisf No. 105.

Range: Australian Seas. E.xtraiiiniiiil.

14:i. Prion brevirostris ariel.

Pronllariii arid Schlegel, Mim. Pays-Bos. vol. vi. Procell. p. 18. lS6'i : Bass Straits, South
Australia.

Fairy Dove Petrel or Prion.
Mathews, Handlist No. 106.
Range : Australian Seas.

Genns FELECANOIDES.

J'llrainoidf.t Laci'pede, T<(bl. Oisemir p. 13. 179'.'.

Type (by monotypy) : P. urinatrix (limelin).

( 205 )
144. Pelecanoides urinatrix urinatrix.

Pniiellaiia iiriimlrix Gmeliu, Syst. Nat. p. 5lJ0. 17»i9 ; New Zealand.

Synonym :
Procellaria trldactijla Forster, Desa: Aiiim. ed. Licht. p. HO. 1844 : New Zealand.

Diving Petrel.

Mathews, Ilandlkt No. lo7.

Range : Australian Seas. Extralimital.

Genus DIOMEDEA.

Dhimedm Linne', Sijst. Nat. ed. x. p. 132. 1758.

Type (by subs. Jesig.) : D. exuiam Liiiiie.

145. Diomedea exulans exulans.

Diomedai r.rulaus Litiiio, Sijal. Nut, ed. x. p. 13i'. 17j>i ; Cape of Good Hope'

Syuouym :

Diomedea xpadicea Gmelin, Syxt. Nil. p. 568. 1789 : South Atlantic Ocean, Lat. 37°.

Wandering Albatross.

Mathews, Handlist No. 109.

Range : Australian Seas. Extralimital.

141). Diomedea melanophris.

Diomedea nielaimphris Temtninck & Laugier, riaii. Color. d'Ois. 70° liv. vol. iv. pi. 45(5. 1828 :
Cape of Good Hope.

Black-browed Albatross.

Mathews, Ha/it/liA No. 112.

Range : Australian Seas. Extralimital.

Note. — Diomedea gilliana Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. ISOO. p. 181
is of unknown locality, but may be referable to this species.

147. Diomedia cauta cauta.

Diomedea ointa Gould, Pro-. Zonl. Sor. (Loud.) 1840. p, 177 : Biss Straits.

White-capped Albatross.

Mathews, Handlist No. 1 1 ■i.

Range : Australian Seas (breeding). Extralimital.

148. Diomedea chrysostoma.

Diomedea dujisosto ma Forster, .\lcm. .Molh. Pliija. pres. Aaid. Roy. Sci. {Pari.i) vol. x. p. 571. 1785 :
Pacific Ocean.

Synonyms :

Diomedea ehlororliijiielios Gmelin, Si/sl. Nat. p. 568. I78'J, Cape of Good Hope, founded on Latham,

GriL Ki/n. Birds vol. iii. pt. I. p. 309. 1785, is a synonym of D. elirysostom<i Forster;

apparently two ljii\U were mi.\ed up by Latham, as was done by Forster, but the latter

only described one at the place given.
Diomedea eidmimiia (iould, Proe. Zool. Sor. (Loml.) 1843. p. 107 : Bass Straits.

Flat-billed Albatross.

Mathews, l/andlist No. 114.

Range : Australian Seas. Extralimital.

( 200 )

140. Diomedea bassi sp. u.

Vellow-uoseJ Albatross.

Mathews, llamllist No. 115.

Differs from 1>. rin-i/sostonia in liaviiiij the culmen yellow from about
8 to 111 mm. from the feathers of the head right to the tiji, whereas in 1>.
c/iiysostoma the culmen is yellow from the feathers of the head to the turn of
the tip, where there is a black patch, dividing the yellow tip from the rest of
the culmen.

Type : South-East Australian 8eas. Xu. ^TO.

Range : Australian Seas. Extraliujital.

loll, Diomedea carteri.

Thalaasitgfroii earteri RothschilJ, Bull, lirit. Orii. Cl'i'j, vol. xiv. p. G. VM'i : Xorth-West .Australia.

Black-billed Albatross.

Mathews, Handlist No. 116.

Range : North- West Australia. Uui(|ue.

Genus FHOEBETBIA.

Plioebelria Reichenbach, Nat. Si/st. VOgel, p. v. 1852.

Type (by orig. desig.) : P. palpebrata (Forster).

151. Phoebetria palpebrata palpebrata.

Diomedea palpebrati I Forster, Mem. Malli. Phijs. jms. Arad. IIdj. Hci. (I'iii-k) vol. x. p. :ul. 1785 :
Lat. 47°S., 71° 10' Loog. W.

Synonym :
Diomedea fuligimimi fimelin, Si/sl. Xat. p. 568, 178'.l, was fouuded o;i Forstors drawing, and so
becomes an absolute synonym of D. puljiebrala Forster.

Light-miuitled Sooty Albatross.
Mathews, llandlist No. 1 1 7 i pars).
Range : Australian Seas. Extralimitul.

152. Phoebetria palpebrata fusca.

Diomedea fusca Hilsb., Fnnieps Notizeii 1822. p. 74 ; Mozambique.

Synonym :
Diometleu fused Audubon, Urn. Bioijr. vol. v. p. 110. 1831) : Norlb Atlantic.

Sooty Albatross.

Mathews, Handlist No. 117 (pars).

Range : Australian Seas (?).

Okdbr LARIFORMES.
F.^Mii.v LARIDAE.

Genus HYDBOCHELISOIf

Ifydr^ilieVuhm Boie, /.«-'«, 1S22. p. 'ii;.i.

Ty2)e (by subs, dusig.) : //. ni(jni LiniiL-.

( '-i«>7 )
153. Hydrochelidon leucoptera grisea.

Sterna grisea Horsfield, Trans. Lhiit. Sur. [Luml.) vol. xiii. p. l'J9. 1S21 : Java.

Australian White-winged Tern.

Mathews, Handlist No. 118.

Range : Java and Anstralian Seas.

The range of tlie Terns is not to be looked upon as final.

Iii4. Hydrochelidon leucopareia fluviatilis.

IJijilrorhpliil,,! flin-hililix Gould, /'/-o,-. Zmd. Soc. (/...«./.) 1842. p. 14(1. (184:i) : Interior New South
Wale."!.

Eastern Anstralian Whiskered Tern.
Mathews, Hfoii/l/.tf No. 119.
Range: East Australia (lireeding).

1S4a. Hydrochelidon leucopareia rogersi snbsp. n.

Western Anstralian \\'hiskered Tern.
Mathews, IlnmUist No. 119 (pars).

Differs from //. I. //tifiatilis in being lighter on the abdomen, wlien in fnll
breeding plnmage.

Type : Parry's Creek, North-West Anstralia, No. 285.
Range : North-West Anstralia.

Genus THALASSEUS.

Thalassens Boie, /«;.<, 1822. p. 503.

Type (liy subs, desig.) : T. tschegrava (Lepechin).

155. Thalasseus uiloticus macrotarsus.

Sterna marrotarxii Gould, St/noi>s. Birds Auslr. pt. ii. pi. 37. 1837: Tasmania.

Australian Gnll-billed Tern.

Mathews, IffiiuHisf No. 120.
Range : Anstralia (breeding).

156. Thalasseus tschegrava strenuus.

Sylwhelklon sireimus Gould, Pruc. Zo.il. Sue. (Luml.) 184t;. p. 21. (1846): .Southern Coasts of
Australia.

Anstralian Caspian Tern.
Mathews, Ila/tt/l/st No. 121.
Range : Anstralia (breeding).

Genus STERIfA.

Slerm Linn^, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 137. 1758.

T)-pe (by tautonymy) : ^. hintndo Linne.

( 208 )
157. Sterna dougalli gracilis.

Slerna gracilis Gould, Pruc. Zool. Son. {Luml.) \Mb. p. 70 : Houtman's Ahrolbos, West Australia.

Synon3'm :

Sterna niijrifnms Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. A'.S. IC. vol. i. p. r>2. 1875: Warrior Reef, North
Queensland.

Ansfniliau I{oseate Tern.
Mathews, /fanf/l/.sf^o. V22.
Hansp : Australia (hreedinjr).

158. Sterna media.

Sterna meiliu Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Lund.) vol. xiii. p. lyU. 1821 : Java.

Synonym :
Thalasseus torresii Gou\d, Proc. Zool Soc.{Lonrl.) lSi2. p. 140 (184.3); Port Essington. Northern
Territory.

Lesser Crested Tern.
Mathews, Banc/list No. 124.
Range : Java and Australia.

lou. Sterna bergii cristata.

Sterna cristata Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zoul. vol. xiii. pt. i. p. 14ii, 182IJ: Port Jackson, New
South Wales.

Synonym :
Sterna jxiliocerra Gould, Synops. Birds Auslr. pt. ii. pi. .37. 1837 : Tasmania.
Crested Teru.

Mathews, Hai>dlist No. 125 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.

150a. Sterna bergii gwendolenae subsp. n.

Western Crested Tern.

Mathews, Handlist No. 125 (])iirsj.

Differs from .S". h. cristata in haviiis; the bill greenish, lighter and slightly larger.

Type : Rockingham, West Australia, No. 302.

Range : South-West Australia.

100. Sterna bergii pelecanoides.

Sterna peleca/ioiiles King, Surrnj Inlerlmp. C'n(^lx .Inxtr. \>. 4-'2. 1826 : Torres Straits.

Nortlierji (Crested Tern.

Mathews, IIai/(lli.^t No. 125 (jiars).

Range : Queensland, Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

I III. Sterna striata incerta sulisp. n.
Australian White-fronted Tern.
Mathews, Handlist No. 126 (jiars).

Differs from .S'. s. striata in its slightly smaller size and diiiker wings.
Type : Eastern Australia, No. 6'.)05.
Range : East Australia.

As Sterna melanorht/ncha Gould is preoccnpied it becomes necessary to give
this bird a new name.

( 209 )

K)1a. Sterna striata christopheri snbsp. n.

Western White-fronted Tern.

Differs from -S'. s. iiiccrfa in its lighter colour and smaller size: wing 231,
cnlmen 35 mm. The type of incei-ta has wing 272, cnlmen 40 mm.
Type : Point Cloates, West Anstralia, Xo. OTIS.
Range : West Anstralia.

I'i2. Sterna anaethetus anaethetus.

Sterna anaelhetm Scopoli, D,l Ftnr. Fmnui Infill,, [it. ii. p. 'J2. ITHIJ : Philippine Islauda.

Synonym :
Sterna novaehnllamliae Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. .tiii. pt. i. p. 161. 18215 ; Xew South Wales

Australian Bridled Tern.
Mathews, Hdixllist No. 127.
Ran.sre : Anstralia and islands nnrth.

103. Sterna fuscata serrata.

Slerm wrnilij Wa^le-, Xafin-l. Si/^l. Amiihili. p. KO (note) 1830 : New Caledonia.
Synonyms :

Sterna melanura Gould, SynopK. Bhdi Avstr. pt. iv. App. p. 7. 1838 : New South Wale.i.
Stenia gnnldi Beichenbach, Aves Nalal. Lniir/iji. xxii. f. 8'2'.l. 18-18 : Gould's plate named.

Australian Sooty Tern.
Mathews, Tlamllist No. 128.
Range : Australian Seas.

164. Sterna nereis nereis.

Slermila nfreii Gould, Proc. Zonl. Sue. {Loml) 1842. p. 140 (1843) : Bass Straits.

White-faced Ternlet.

Mathews, Handlist No. 129 (pars).

Range : Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

10."). Sterna nereis horni subsp. n.

Western White-faced Ternlet.
Mathews, HawHist No. 129 (pars).

Dift'ers from S. n. nereis in having less black on the head and the primaries
lighter, and in being generally lighter above.

Type : Kalgan River, S.W. Australia, No. 3841.
Range : West Australia.

106. Sterna sinensis placens.

Slenmla pJamiK Gould, Ann. Mai). A'at. Hist. ser. iv. vol. viii. p. 192. 1871 : Torres Straits.

Synonym :
Slerniila inmnspicnu Jlasters, Pror. Loin. Soc, N.S.W. vol. i. p. 63. 1875 : Cape York.

Eastern White-shafted Ternlet.
Mathews, Handlist No. 130 (pars).
Range : Queensland.

( 210 )

HIT. Sterna sinensis tormenti sul)>ii. n.

Western White-shafted Ternlet.

Mathews, Handlist No. 13U (pars).

Differs from >S'. s. placens in having the iniiuarirs lij;hter.

Type: Point Torment, Nortli-West Austnilia, No. S.iSO.

Hange: Nortli-West Australia.

168. Sterna sumatrana Kempi siilis[i. u.
Australian Black-uaped Tern.
Mathews, HamUist No. 131.

Differs from .S". s. sumatrana Raffles, in being smaller (wing 198 mm.) ami in
having the onter web of the first primary darker.
Type : Torres Straits, No. 3754.
Range : North Queensland.

Genus FBOCELSTEBN'A.

Procehterna Lafresnaye, Mag. de Zool. Ois. 1842. pi. 29.
Type (by monotypy) : P. cerulea (Bennett).

169. Procelsterna cerulea cinerea.

Anous cinereiis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lund.) 184."). p. lo4 (lK4iJ) : North-East Coasts, Australia.

Synonym :

Procelsterna iilbiritta Bonaparte, Com]>tes Reiiilus Sci. (Paris) vol. xlii. p. 77.3. IS")!!.

Grey Noddy.

Mathews, Handlist No. 132.

Range : Eastern Australian 8eas.

Genus.JLlfOUS.

Aiioiis Stephens, in Shaw's Geii. Zool. vol. xiii. pt. i. p. 13;'. 1826.
Type (by subs, desig.): A. stolidxs (Linne).

170. Anous stolidus pileatus.

^lernii pilrala Scopoli, Del Faun. Flnr. Iiisnhr. pt. ii. p. 02. 178i; ; Philippine Islands.

Synonyms :

Sleriin jjhilhi/iliia Latham. Index Oniitli. vol. ii. p. Silf). 178(i ) r.. .|. t i j

J"lhilippine Islands
Sternii pliiliji/ien.si.H Bonnnterre, Tabl. Eiii'i/el. Melliod. <_)rn. vol. i. p 100. 17'.ll ) ri -

Anounfratrr Coues, /'jv,c. Jr. Nat. fie. Pliilad. p. y58. 1862 : Pacific Ocean.
Australian Noddy.
Mathews, Handlist No. 133.
Range: Anstralia to the Philipjiinc Islands.

171. Anous tenuirostris melanops.

Anous uiehmops Gould, Pror. Zool. (tor. {Loud.) 184;i. p. 103 (1846) : Iluutman's .\l)i-olhos, West
Australia.

Lesser Noddy.
Mathews, Handlist No. 134.
Range : West Australia.

I designate the type locality of A. tenuirostris Teram. as Seychelles (Senegal
is obviously incorrect).

( '211 )

172. Anous leucocapillus leucocapillus.

Amus hucocajulliis Gould, Proc. Zool. 8o,\ {Lund.) 1845. p. 103 (1840) ; North Coasts, .Viistralia.

Synonym :

.l;i.i«.s(«(iv/«sc«5 Stone, Priv. Arad. Nal. S::. Phibfl. p 117. 18;n ; New Guinea
\\^liite-capi)ed Noddy.
Mathews, TlatnlUst No. liJo.
UaiiKe : East, Anstralian Seas, N(^w (Jniin'ii.

Genus GYGIS.

Gilijh Wagler, U'ik, \»?,2. p. 1223.

Type (by mouotypy) : <t. 'ilha (Span-man).

n:!. Gygis alba Candida.

Slfritir I'aiidiila Gmelin, ,S'//'.7. Nfil. p. 007. 178;i ; Eaoowe and Tonga Tabu (i>ontli Seas).

Synonyms :

Sterna semialba Bonnaterre, Tahl. Encijd. .\[cthnd. Orn. vol. i. p. 94. 1791 : same locality.
Skrtui pacijka Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Pnrix) vol. vi. p. 101. 1825 : Society Islands.
Sterna iiivm Bennett, Nan; Whaling Voy. i. p. 370. 1840 : (Caroline Island).

Gygin alba /{illlil::i Hartert, Kalal. Vogel Senchenb, p. 237. 1891 : (Caroline Group). Not Caroline
Island of Bennett.

White Tern.

Mathews, ilandUst No. 136.

Range : Australia and Southern Seas.

Genns LARUS.

Lams Linne, Sy,it. Nat. ed. x. p. 130. 1758.

Type (by subs, desig.) : L. canus Linne.

174. Larus novaehollandiae novaehoUandiae.

Ltirnn niivauhoHandiae Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Znnl. vol. xiii. pt. i. p. 196. 1826: New South
Wales.

Synonym :

Larns Jameaonii Wilson, Illiislr. Zool. pi. xxiii. 1831 : New South Wales.

Eastern Silver Gull.

Mathews, Handlist No. 1 37 (pars).

Uauge : New South Wales.

175. Larus novaehollandiae gouldi.

Gelastes gonldl Bonaparte, Naiunannia, p. 210. 1854 : Torres Straits.

Northern Silver Gull.

Mathews, Handlist No. 137 (pars).

Range: Queensland.

176. Larus novaehollandiae longirostris.

lirucliiyaria longirostris Masters, Prnr. Linn. .Suf., N.S.W. vol. ii. p. 113. 1877; King George's
Sound, West Australia.

Western Silver Gull.

Mathews, Handlist No. 137 (pars).

Range : West Australia.

( 212 )

1T7. Larus uovaehollaudiae gunni snbsp. n.

Tasmanian Silver Gnll.
Mathew.*, Handlist No. 137 (pars).

Differs from L. 7i. novaehollandiar in its diftVrent wiiiji pattern, the thin)
primar}- being extensive!)' marked with white.
Type: Tasmania, No. WM.
Range : Tasmania, Victoria, .Sonth Australia.

178. Larus pacificus pacificus.

Lnriis parifioiis Latham. Inilr.r Oriiith. Siiji/il. p. l.wiii. ISO] : \ew South Wales.

Synon3'ras :

Larusfronlaha ) y^^^^^^^ ^Y,j,„, ^.^, ^,.fjj^i y^, ^^i ^05 gllj, ,jj,g . Tasmania.

Larus levcnmflax )

Pacific Gnll.

Mathews, Handlist No. 138 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

Kit. Larus pacificus bathyrinchus.

Ldiux lialliijriiirliiis Macgillivray, Mem, Wern. Soi: vol. v. p. 253. 1824 ; Queensland.

Northern Pacific Gull.

Mathews, Handlist No. 138 (pars).

Range : Queensland.

180. Larus pacificus georgii.

Larus geiirijii King, Surrey Iiilertrnp. Cnaxh Aiisfr. p. ilX ISiO ; King George's Sound, West
Australia.

Western Pacific Gull.

Mathews, Handlist No. 138 (pars).

Range : West Australia.

Family C.VTHAR ACTIDAE.
Genus CATHARACTA.

Catharacia Brunnich, Orn. ISnrml. p. 32. 17li4.

Type (by tantonymy) : C. skua Briinnich.

181. Catharacta antarctica Ibnnbergi subsj). n.

Australian Skna.

Matliews, Handlist No. 130 (pars).

Differs from C. a. antarcti4:a in its much larger size : wing 433 mm.

Type : New Zealand Seas, No. 3755.

Range : Australian and New Zealand Seas.

The type locality of Catharacta, antarctica is the Falkland Islands.

( 2i:^ )

182. Catharacta pomarina.

Lestris pomarimis Temminck, }raiii<cl iTOnuth. p. .")! 1. 1S15 : Arctic Europe.

Synonyms :
Lestrh sphaeriiims 'Rrehm, Hamlb. Viigi-I nnitxrhl. p. 71S. 1831 : Europfi.
Li'.slris strmlus Eyton, Oit. Bril. Binls. p. 51. 18:iil ; England.

Pomarinc Skua.

Mathews, Handlist No. 141.

Range : Australia (Visitor), Nortlieni Hemisplierc.

183. Catharacta parasitica.

Lams parasiticus Linne, Syst. N<d. ed. x. p. VM. 170.S : Coasts of Sweden.

Arctic Skua.

Mathews, Handlist No. 142.

Range : Australia ami Northorn Herai.^iihero.

Synonyms not worked out.

Ordeb CHARADRIIFORMES.*

Fa.mii.y CHARADRIIDAE.

Genus MORIITELLA.

Mnrinellii Meyer and Wolf, Tasrjienb. d. Vogel. p. 383 note 1810
Tyi>e (l)y monotypy) : M. interpres (Linne).

184. Morinella interpres interpres Linne

Tringa interpres Linne, Si/sl. Nul. ed. x. p. 148. 1758 : Europe.

Turnstone.

Mathews, Handlist No. 143.

Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus HAEMATOFUS.

lldfimilupns Linn«, Sjist. Nat. ed. x. p. 15'2. 1758.

Type (by monotypy) : //. ostrali'tjus Linne.

185. Haematopus longirostris longirostris.

Haeimtopus longiroslris Vieillot, Nmir. Di-t. d'lli^t. .\nl. vol. xv. p. 410. 1817 : New South Wales.

Synonym :

tiaeiitalopus amtndaunnm Gould, Si/imps. Birds Aiistr. pt. iv. App. p. (5. 1838 : New South Wales.

Australian Pied Oyster ( Jatc.her.
Mathews, Handlist No. 144 (pars).
Range : Eastern Australia.

18.^A. Haematopus longirostris mattingleyi snbsp. n.
Northern Pied Oyster Catcher.
Mathews, flandlist No. 144 (pars).

No synonyms given in thi.s Order, in the extialimit.Tl birds.

( --'14 )

DilTcrs fVinn II. I. loiHjiroMri.s in its smaller win!.': ".'"^^ iniu. Tyjiiciil birds
measure : wing 282 — 287 mm.

Type : Cooktown, North Queensliuul. Xo. SoTii.
Ransc : North Qneensland.

isC). Haematopus longirostris picatiis.

lliieinalii/>ii.t jiioiliix King, Sarceij /nlertro/i. OiksI-i Ak^/i: p. 420. IS^ii; Xorth-West Australia
(Pt. Torment).

Niirth- Western Pied Oyster Catcher.
Mathews, llanclliAf No. 144 (pars).
J{ange : North-West Aiistrali:i..

187. Haematopus unicolor fuliginosus.

JIneniatn/MS fiilighmxii ; Gould, Bird-i Aii^liifl. vol. iv. pi. .S. 184.'j : Tisrn.inia.

Black Oyster Catcher.

Mathews, Hamllixt No. 145 (pars).

Range : Victoria, New Sonth Wales, Tasmania, South Australia.

188. Haematopus unicolor opthalmicus.

Ifiipmiiln/iiii oplhahnicusi Castelnau & Ramsay, Priw. Linn. Soc. N.S.]V. vol. i. p. .'i8,'j. 187ii : North
Queensland.

Bare-eyed Black Oyster Catcher.

Mathews, Ilandli.'if No. 145 (pars).

Range : North Qneensland, Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

IS'.i. Haematopus unicolor bernieri snbsp. n.

AVestralian Black Oyster Catiher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 145 (pars).

Differs from //. ii. ftdiqinoxu.'i in its browner coloration and in having a shorter
wing and longer tarsus : wing 2(j.3, tarsus .jB ; typical bird's wing 297, tarsus 51.
Type : Bernier Island, ^Vest Australia, No. 3844.
Range : West Australia.

Genus ERTTHBOGOITYS.

Erythrof/onys Gould, Sy«o;).s. /?/)y/s .ImsVi-. pt. iv. pi. 7?>. IS'.M.
Type (by monotypy) : E. cincf/i-s Gmild.

I'.Hi, Erythrogonys cinctus cinctus.

EnjlJiror)oiii/s ciiirliis Gould, .^i/iinji^. Binh .iuslr. pt. iv. pi. 7:>. \KW : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Vanellus rufii-eiiter Lesson, " EcIi-j da .Mnmle savunt p. 207. 1H44": renamed (iould's Bird (New
South Wales).

Red-kneed Dottrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 140 (]iars).

Range : New South Wales.

( sift )

191. Erythrogonys cinctus mixtus subsp. u.

Western Red-kueed Dottrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. 146 (pars).

Differs from E. c. cinctus in its darker upper coloration, aud noticeably in
the band on the breast being much narrower.
Type: North-West Australia.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

Genus LOBIBTX.

Luhibip- Huiiiu, Nnniciirl. Mm. Ilchi,. p. oJ4 IHSS.

Tyiiu (,by original designation) : L. nomehollamliae (Stei)heus).

192. Lobibyx novaehoUandiae.

VnaMm novaehollandiue Stepheas, ia Sliaw's Gen. Zool. vol. .\i. pt. ii. p. bid. 181'J : New South

Wales.

Synonyms :
Tnntja lobula (not Liniie) Latham, Iiulex Oniilh. Siippl. p. l.xv. 1801 : New South Wales.
CImradriax galtiiiaccua Waguer, Si/st. Ai\ Olmradriaa sp. 5 J.— I designite New South Wales

(Timor is an error).

Spurwinged Plover.

Mathews, Handlist No. 147.

Range : New iSouth Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.

193. Lobibyx miles harterti subsp. n.

Eastern Masked Plover.
Mathews, Handlist No. 148 (pars).

Differs from L. m. personatus in being darker above and in having a larger
wing, 230 mm. Typical birds have wing 228 mm.
Type : Inkerman, Queensland, No. 3.3.").
Range : North Queensland.

Xote. — Trinija milc.-i Boddaert, Tahl Enl. Planch, p. .51. pi. 83.5. 1783. —
Louisiana is an error. Although Dr. Hartert, Noe. Zool. vol. xii. p. 200. 1905,
suggested that we might accept Aastralia as the type locality of Tringa miles
Boddaert, the plate agrees better in coloration with the form inhabiting the East
Indian Islands. I therefore designate as the type locality Tiuior Laut. Synonyms
of this form are :

I'arm Uuhicickma Grneliu, S/jd. Nat. p. 706. 178'J : Timor Laut.
Cliamilriiis adUieus Wagler, Si/st. Ao. Cluinidriiis. sp. 52. 1827 : Tiuiur L.iul

194. Lobibyx miles personatus.

LobimiKllas pcrsonalm GmU, Pruc. Zool. Sw. (Loiul.) 1842. p. 113(1848) : Northern Territory.

Lesser Masked Plover.

Mathews, Handlist No. 14.S (pars).

Range: North-West Australia, Xorthcrn Territory.

Genns ZONIFER.

Zm'fer Sharpe, IJi.l. BhuU Brll. .V,i.i. vol, xxiv. pp. 14;'), I:)4. 189i;.
Type (liy orig. desig.) : X. tricolor (_Vieillot).

( 2ifi )

195. Zonifer tricolor tricolor.

Ch'imdiiiis tricfilor Vieillot, Noui\ Dkt. iVIIi^l. Xnl. vol. xxvii. p. 147. 1H18 : New .South Wales.

Syiiouyms :

Chamdiim pecluialls Wagler, Siist. Ao. Charadrim, sp. 8. 1827 : New South Wales
CItaradiius i-anelloklea Peale, United Stales Expl. Exp. p. 2411. 184.S ; cf. 2Qd ed. p. 328. 1858 : New
South Wales.

Black-breasted Plover.

Mathews, llanillist Xo. 140 (pars).

Range: New .South Wales, Victoria, Tasiaaiiia, South Australia.

I'.Kj. Zonifer tricolor gwendolenae sul/sji. u.

^Vesterii lUack-breasted Plover.
Mathews, Handlist No. 149 (pars).

Differs from Z. t. tricolor in its different-shaped wattle and narrower black
band on the breast.

Tyiie : Broom Hill, West Australia, No. :3iW.
Range : South-West Australia.

Genus SQUATAROLA.

Squatarola Cuvier, Rl(jnc Animal, vol. i. p. 407. 1816.

Type (by tantonyray) : S. squatarola (Linne).

197. Squatarola squatarola.

Trinya squatarola Linne, .%-s/. Nat. ed. x. \>. 14'J. 17.58 : Kurope (Sweden).

Grey Plover.

Mathews, J Jam/list No. l.jii.

Range : Australia. E.xtralimital.

Genus CHABADBIUS.

Chaiaihius Linn(?, Syil. Nat. ed. x. p. 150. 1758.

Ty])e (by tautonymy) : C. Iiiaticula Linne.

198. Charadrius dominicus fulvus.

Charadrius/itlrm(ima\m, Si/'il. Xot. p. 1587. 1789: Tahiti.

Lesser (Joldeii Plover.
Mathews, Handlist No. lol.
Range : Australia. E.xtralimitul.

I'l'i. Charadrius bicinctus biciuctus.

Cliiirti'lriiiK liicinctus Jardinu and Sulby, Iltus. Vniith. vol. i. pi. 28. 1827: New Holland (= New
South Wales).

Double-banded I)ottrcl.
Mathews, Handlist No. 152 (pars).
]?ange : Eastern Australia.

( ~'l' )

-00. Charadrius bicinctus incertus .subsp. n.

Western Uonljle-bauiled Dottrel.

Mathews, Uamllist No. 152 (pars).

Differs from C. b. bicinctus in having the black band on the breast narrower.

Type : West Australia, No. 4449.

Range : South-West Australia.

20 1. Charadrius geoffroyi.

Cluiraih-iita geoffroyi Wagler, Si/xt. Av. Chamdrins, sp. 19. 1827 : Java.

Synonym :

Iliaticula inoriiala Gould, Binh .lits^-. vol. vi. pi. l;i. 1841! : Port Essitiijlou.
Large Sand Dottrid.
Mathews, Handlist No. 1.53.
Range : Australia. E.^tralimital.

202. Charadrius mongolus.

Clutradriif^ motiijol't^ Pallas, Rcisr Runs. Ruchv. vol. iii. p. 70i). 177il : Moa/oUa.

Synonym :
Aeijialitis maslersi Ramsay, Prut:. Lhm. Sue. N.S.W. vol. i. p. 135. 1875 ; North Queeuslaud.

Mongolian Sand Dottrel.
Mathews, Hamlllst No. l.J4.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

203. Charadrius veredus.

Charadrius veraliix Gould, Proj. Zool. Sue. i^Luiul.) l.'ilS. p. 38; Northern Australia (North-West
Australia).

Oriental Dottrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 155.

Range : Australia. E.xtralimital.

Note. — Chii-adria.'i hiaticula Linue, Sijst. Nat. ed. x. p. 150. 1758 (Sweden),
Mathews, Handlist No. 15(3. I can trace no authentic record for Australia.

204. Charadrius ruficapillus raficapillus.

CliariidriiiH rujuiapillus Temminck & Laugier, Plan. Culur. d'Oh, 8' livr. vol. i. pi. 47. f. '_'. 1821 •.
New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Cluuvdrlus margiimtii'i Lesson, Man. d'Orn. vol. ii. |i, 318. 1828 : South Coasts of New Holland

( = Victoria).
.\iijiiililjxt caiiiiK Gould, Si/iin/in. liirdi .iiislr. pi. iv. \\<\i. |i, 6. 1838 : Now South Wales.

Ucd-cappetl Dottrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. KiT (pars).

Range : (.Queensland, New .South Wales, Victoria, South .Australia, Tasmania.

205. Charadrius ruficapillus tormenti subsj). n.
Pale Red-capped Dottrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. 157 (pars).

Ditl'ers from C r. ruficapillus in its much paler coloration, which is especially
noticeable on the redcap.

Tyi)c : North-West Australia (Point Tormeut), No. 8334.
Range : Noi'th-West Australia.

(218)
20&. Charadrius melanops melanops.

CImnidrms md<mo,,^ VieiUot. .V..'«r. Dkt. d'lllst. .Vu(. vol. xxvii. p. ITO. 1K18 ; New South Wales.

Synonym :
Chaitiilrius nignfrom Temminck & Laugier, I'Uin. Color. d'Ois. 8' livr. vol. i. pi. 47. fig. i. 1821 ;
New South Walea.

Black-fronted Dottrel.

Mathews, llandlint No. 15?s (pars).

Range: Queensland, New South AVales, Victoria, South Australia.

x:o:. Charadrius melanops marngli subsji. u.

North-Western Black-fronted Dottrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 15S (pars).

Differs from C. m. melanops in its much paler ui)per-surface.

Type : North-West Australia (Marngle C'reek), No. irZ'M.

Eange : North-AVest Australia, Northern Territory.

:iOb. Charadrius cucuUatus cucuUatus.

Chumdnm amilhdiis VieiUot, Nmh: Did. (I'll, si. Xal. vol. -x.wii. p. 136. 1S18 ; Xuw South Wales.

Synonym :

Cliaradrim momirlms Wagler, Syst. .U: Cluimdriiis, sp. l.i. 1827 : New South Wales.

Hooded Dottrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 150 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

209. Charadrius cucuUatus tregellasi sulisj). n.

Western Hooded Dottrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. loil (pars).

Differs from C. c. cucuUatus in being paler above and in having the black band
on the nape much narrower.

Type : South-West Australia (Ellen's brookj. No. 4-154.
Range : West Australia.

:,'ln. Charadrius australis australis.

Eudromius austrnlU Gould, I'lvc. Z.ml. Snr. (Lmid.) 1840. p. 174 (t-^U); Interior Australia
(South Australia).

Australian Dottrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. On (pars).

Range : South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales.

x!ll. Charadrius australis whitlocki subsp. n.

Western Dottrel.

Slatbews, tlaiidli.<t Nd. ir.n (pars).

Ditlers from ('. a. australis in its much darker coloration, both alwve and
below.

Type : West Australia (Day Dawn), No. 4451.
Range : West Australia.

( 219 )

Genus HYFSIBATES.

Hi/pnbales Nitzsch, in Erscli. ii. Gruher's Enci/loj). vol. xvi. p. 150. 1827.
T3-pe (by mouotypy) : H. k/mantopus (Linne).

212. Hypsibates leucocephalus leucocephalus.

JJiiiia]if"j)u:i hiicncephaliny Gould, S^im/is. liinh Auslr. pt. ii. pi. 34. 1837: Australia (N"ew South
Wales).

Synouym :

Hiniiinljijiiis seehohiii Hartert, Katul i'uyclsaminl. Alits. Senrkcitb. p. 220. 1891 : New South Wales
prop, for //. IciKoceplmlua Gould, preoccupied.

AVliitc-be<adp(l Stilt.

Matbews, ILoidlist Nu. 161 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New Sontb Wales, Victoria, Soutii Australia.

213. Hypsibates leucocephalus assimilis subsji. n.
Northern White-headed Stilt.
Matbews, Handlist No. 161 (pars).

Differs from //. /. leucoccjihalus in its smaller size. Wing : S 223-5, culm. 59,
tars. 118-19. Typ., S wing av. 239, culm. 64, tars. 127.
Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 431.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

Genus CLADOBHYITCHUS.

CUulorhynchns Gray, List. Geiie.i-ii Birds, p. ()9. 1840.

Type (by orig. desig.) : C. lencoceplmltis (Vieillot).

214. Cladorhynchus leucocephalus.

Reriinumstra h-iicorejihala Vieillot, Nouo. Diet, d'llist. Nat. vol. iii. p. 103. 1816 : Victoria.

Synonyms :

Recun-irogtra orientalis Cuvier, Regne Animal, i. p. 4;k"i. ISld : Victoria.

Leplorlnpwhus pecloralis D\iB\ia,Bull. del' Acad. Rot/. Uru-r. ii. p. 420. 1835 : Xew Zealand ( = Victoria

Himaiitopus jMilmutus Gould, Si/nops. Birds Austr. pt. ii. pi. 33. 1837 : Victoria.

Banded Stilt.

Mathews, llaiuUi.-it No. 102.

IJange : Australia.

Genus RECURVIROSTKA.

Rcrdreiriisirn Liane, Syst. Xal. ed. x. p. I.tI. 1758.
Ty]ie (iiy mouotypy) : R. (uosftta Linne.

215. Recurvirostra novaehoUandiae novaehollandiae.

Reuirrinistru iionirlviUaiidiuij \ii:i[lot, Xuiie. Diet, d' Hist. Xnl. vol. iii. p. 111.3. 1810 : Victoria.

Synonym :
Recurrirnsira ruhricuUis Temminck, .l/<i«. d'Orii. ed. 2. vol. ii. p. 592. 1820 : Victoria.
Eastern Red-necked Avocet.
Mathews, Hiuullist No. 163 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Soutli Australia.

16

( 220 )

210. Recurvirostra novaehoUandiae stalkeri subsp. u.

Westeru Red-necked Avocet.

Mathews, llandlid No. 163 (pars).

UiUcrs from li. n. nocaehoUatidiae in its smalli'i- liili— vi/.. 01 mm.

Type: Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 441.

Range : Northern Territor}-.

Genus NTTMENIUS.

NuiMiiitis Hruuuiub, Znvl. Fund. p. 76. 1771.

Type (by subs, desig.) : X anjmta (Linnr).

217. Numenius cyanopus.

Nunieiiiiis <:ii,m>,pu.i Vieillot, Nouf. Diet. iVHist. Nat. vol. viii. p. SOG. 1.117 : Xew South Walus.

Synonyms :

Nummim auslralasiaims Gould, Si/nops. Birds Austr. pt. iv. App. p. 6. 1838 : New South Wales.
K'fiienius rufesceiis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Land.) 18C2. p. 280 : Formosa.

Australian Curlew.
Mathews, Handlist No. 164.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

218. Numenius phaeopus variegatus.

TaiUaht.1 variegatus Scopoli, Del Flor. Faun. Insub. Fuse. ii. p. 92. IIM ; Luzon.

Synonym :

Numenius nrujiygialis Gould, Pnn: Zuol. Sue. {Land.) 1840. p. 17.') (1841) ; south coast of Australia.

Australian Whimbrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 16.5.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

219. Numenius minutus.

Nuuienius uiimdus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Loud.) 184U. p. 170 (1«41) ; New South Wales

Little Whimbrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. 166.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus LIMOSA.

Liuwsa Schaoffer, Museum Ornith. p. Wl. 178'.l.

Type (by tautonymy) : L. liinosa (Liuue).

2211. Limosa lapponica baueri.

Ijimota baueri Naumann, Vlir/el Deutschl. vol. viii. p. 4_".l. 1836 : New Hollaiid (= Victoria).

Synonyms :

Limnsa la/iponica, var. nocaezealaiuliae Gray, Voij. F.rcbiis and Terror, p. 13. 1846 ; New Zealand.
Limosa uropygialis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (^Loml.j 1848. p. 38 : Australia (= Victoria).

Eastern Barred-rnmped Godwit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 107.
Raiiffe : Australia. Extralimital.

(221 )
221. Limosa limosa melannroides.

Liinnsit, inelimuruUles Gould, Pivc. Zool. Son, (Lntid.) 18i6. p. 81 : Port Essingtou, Northern
Territory.

Eastern Black-tailed Godwit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 168.
Range: Australia. E.xtralimitul.

Genus TRIITGA.

Trinija Liiiul', SijsI. Nat. ed. x. p. 148. 17'i8.

Tyjiu (by tautonymy) : T. ocrophm Liiine.*

222. Tringa stagnatilis.

Tukmus xUiijiialilWReehslnia, (Jniith. Taschcnb. Denl^i/il. p. -''J-i. [Htri : Europe.

Little Greenshank.
Mathews, Handlist No. 1 (','.).
liange : Australia. Exti-iiliiuital.

223. Tringa brevipes.

Totanus brevipes VieiUot, Xouc. Dirl. il'Uial. Mat. vol. vi. p. 410. 1816 : Port Essington.

Synonym :

Tolanm griseojii/giu.i Gould, Pruc. Zool. Soc. (Loiul.) ISIS 39 : Port Essington.
Grey-rumped Sandpiper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 171.
Kauge : Australia. E-Ktraliuiital.

224. Tringa incana.

SmloiHU in/Mim Gmelia, Sijxi. Xat. p. G58. 178',l : Eimeo aud Palmerston Islanis (Pacific Ocean).

American Grey-rumped Sandpiper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 172.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

22.J. Tringa hypoleucos.

friiiga liy/ioleucon Linne, %.■</. Nal. ed. x. p. 14y. IT.OS : Europe (Swedeu).
Common Sandpiper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 173.
Range : Australia. E.^;tralimit■aI.

226. Tring-a cinerea.

Sadoii.u; cinenyi, Gueldonstaedt, Noo. Cumin. Ara<L Pclrnp. vol. xi.'c. p. 473. 1774 ; Caspian Sea.
Terek Sandpiper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 174.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

227. Tringa nebularia.

Scolujiiix nehitlitria Gunneru-i, iu Leems' Loj,p. Brskr. p. 2.51 (note) 1767 ; Europe, Norway.

Greensliank.

Mathews, Handlist No. 170.

Range : Australia. Extralimital.

_ * Triiujii ocrtiphus Liiiui5, Matlliew.s, HandlUt No. 170, has nut been recorded for Australia autbon-
ically as I'ar .aa I know.

( 222 )

227a. Tringa glareola.

Trhiga glanola Uaui, Sunt. Xol. ed. x. p. 140. 1758 : Europe (Sweden).
Wood Sandpiiicr.
Mathews, Uunillisl No. 176.
llaDge: Australia. Extralimital.

Genus BABTBAMIA.
Bartramia Lesson, Tmrle tTOniith. p. 553. 1831.

Type (by monotypy) : B. lomiimnda > Heclistciii I.

228. Bartramia longicauda.

Tringa lungicamk Bechstein, Kurze b'ebers. Viigd, p. 453. 1811 : North Amsrici.
Long-tailed Sandpiper.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 177.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus ABENABIA.

^/■cnoWa Bechstein, Oviiith. Taichenb. Dcutsdil. p. iii-2\. 1803.

Type (by monotypy) : .1. leucophaea (Pallas).

229. Arenaria leucophaea.

Tnjiiga lr,icn,,hi.en Pallas, in Vrofg's Cahd. d'Oi«. p. .ii. 1704 : Europe (Holland)

Sauderling.

Mathews, Handlist No. 178.

Range: Australia. Extralimital,

Genus FISOBIA.

Pimbia •' Billberg, Sijikijis. Faun. Scaiid. i. pt. ■-'. p. 1313. 1828."

Type (by subs, desig.) : P. minuta (Leisler).

230. Pisobia minuta ruficoUis.

TnjMja nificollM Pallas, Reise Rush. Reichs. vol. iii. p. 700. 1770 ; Siberia.

Little Stint.

Mathews, Handlist No. 179.

Range : Australia. Extralimital.

231. Pisobia damaceiisis.

Tohimus daiiMcciish Horsfield, rnms. Linn. Sue. (/."«-/.) vol. .xiii. p. i'.<l. IH'Jl : Java.

Long-toed Stint.

Mathews, Handlist No. 18U.

Range : Australia. Extralimital.

232. Pisobia maculata acuminata.

Totanux arumhiatiis Horsfield, Trans. Lnin. Soc. {Lomt.) vol. ,\Ui. p. l'J2. 1821 : Java.
Sharp-tailed Stint.
Mathews, Handlist No. 181.
Kange : Australia. Extralimital.

( 223 )

Genus EROLIA.

Erolia Vieillot, Analyae nour. Onilth. p. 55. 1816.

Type (by monotypy) : E. ferriigmea (Brnnuicli).

233. Erolia ferruginea.

Triiigafernighiea Brunnich, Oi-n. Rareal. p. 53. 17(jt : Iceland.
Cnrlew Sandpiper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 182.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus CANUTUS.

CliiikIii^ Br.'hm, ViSf/el Deidschl. p. 653. l*il.

Type (by tantonymy) : C. cnniitKit (Linne).

234. Canutus camitus.

Trinrja canutus Linn4, Si/sl. Naf. ed. x. p. 149. 1758: Sweden.

Knot.

Mathews, [laudlist ^n. 1S3.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

23.5. Canutus magnus.

Schoenidus mat/mis Gould, Proe. Zool. Soc. (LnuiK) 1848. p. 39: Australia.
Synonym :

TritKjn I'msxiroslris Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japoiilca. Arps^ p. 107. 1849 : .Jap.in.

Great Sandpiper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 184.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus GALLINAGO.

GaUinagn Koch, Syst. hakr Zool. p. 312. 1816.

Type (by tautonymy) : G. gallinago (Linne).

230. Gallinago australis australis.

Srolnpnx iiuxtralis Latham, Inde.i- Oniil/i. Suj/pl. p. l.tv. 1801 : New South Wale.s.
Australian Snipe.
Mathews, Handlist No. ISu (pars).
Range : East Australia. Extralimital.

237. Gallinago australis oweni snbsp. n.
Little Australian Snipe.
Mathews, Handlist No. 185 (pars).

Differs from 0. a. australis in its much smaller size, especially noticeablr
ill the bill and wing.

Typo : North-West Australia (Parry's ( 'reek), No. .548.
Range: North- West Anstralia. Extrulimitnl.

( 224 )

Genus BOSTBATULA.

Rnntraliilii Vieillot, Aualyse nouv. Ornith. p. 56. 1816.

Type (by monotypy) : R. capensis (Liim^).

238. Rostratxila capensis australis.

KlKjnch.iei amli;ili< Goul.l, Siim.ps. Binl^ .1 --/-•. pt. iv. .\i>i<. |i. T,. liCiS: New South Wales.

Australian I'iiiiited Saijio.
Mathews, Handlist No. ISfi.
Range : Australia.

Family PARRIDAE.

Genus IBEDIFABBA.

Iivdipan-a Mathews, Nur. Zml. vol. .xviii. p. 7. I'.Hl.

Type (by orig. desig.) : r. giilliitacea (Temniinck).

239. Irediparra gallinacea novaehoUandiae.

JTijilmh.tnr nomehiillawluv Salvador!, (h-ii. PaimaxUi. vol. iii. p. :i(W. 18«-2 : New Snntli Wales.

Eastern Comb-crested Jacana.
Mathews, Handlist No. 187 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Queensland.

240. Irediparra gallinacea rothschildi subsp. n.

Western Comb-crested Jacaua.
Mathews, Handlist No. 187 (pars).

Differs from /. q. noraehoUaiidiae in its darker coloration, therein approaching
/. (/. Hocaeyuineae, but not as dark as that form.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. ■').58,
Range : North-West Australia.

Family TRACHELIIDAE.
Genus STILTIA.

Stiltui Gray, Cat. Gen. Subijen. Binh. p. 111. l«;>o.

Type (by orig. desig.) : S. isabella (Vieillot).

241. Stiltia isabella.

Glarenla habelii Vieillot, Aiiali/ne nouv. Ornilli. p. 09. 1816: Australia.

Synonyms :
Glarenla ymllana Temmiuck, .Uaii. d'Oni. vol. ii. p. 5ii:!. 1K20; South Asia.
Glareola aiistralis Leach, Tnuis. Linn. Sue. {L.mit.) vol. xiii. p. 132. 1820: Australia.

Australian Pratincole.
Mathews, Handlist No. 188.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus TBACHELIA.

Trachelia Scopoli, .!«««« /. Hial. Xnl. p. 110. 1769.

Type (by monotypy) : T. ///atincola (Linnf).

( 225 )

24-'. Trachelia pratincola maldi varum.

Ularfohi iimlilivarum Latham and Davies, FuminJii Iiidivt. p. 11. 1795 : Open sea near the Maldive
Islands.

Synonyms :

((?. coromaiula, G. madraspakina were also given at the same time and place.)
Glarenla orienhilis Leach, Trans, Linn. Soc. {Limil.) vol. xiii. p. l.!'_'. 1820 : Java.

Oriental Pratincole.

Mathews, ffanrnist No. 189.
Range : Australia. Estralimital.

Family BURHINIDAE.

Genus BURHIITUS.

Burhimm lUiger, Prntlromns, p. 250. 1811.

Tv|)e Hiy monotypy) : B. mnyiiiro-ttria (Latham).

243. Burhinus magnirostris magnirostris.

Charadriuis magnirostris Latham, IiuUx Orn. Siippl p. Ixvi. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Charadrius grallarius Latham, Indfx Orii. Sii/i/il. p. Ixvi. 1801 : New South Wales.
Charadrim fnirinUus id., ib. p. Ixvii : New South Wales.

Ofdicnemus loiigipi-s Vieillot, Noiir. Did. d' Flixt. Nat. vol, xxiii. p. 232. 1818 : New South Wales.
Burhinus novaehollandiae Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zivil. vol. xiv. p. .342. 182() : New South Wales.
Chartvlrius giganleus Wagler, liis. p. G48. 1829: New South Wales.

Australian Stone Plover or Curlew.
Mathews, Handlist No. 190 (i)ars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

244. Burhinus magnirostris rufescens subsp. n.
Little Stone Plover.

Mathews, IIandU.it No. 190 (pars).

Differs from B. m. magnirosfriii in its smaller size and more rufous
coloration. Wing : i 280, culm. .521, tars. 128 ; Typ. atl. S 297, culm. .')2, tars. 130.
Typi' .• North- West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 577.
Itauge : North -West Australia, Northern Territory.

245. Burhinus magnirosti"is ramsayi subsp. n.
Synonym :

Oedicmmm lomji^cs (not Vieillot) Ramsay, Tab. List .\ustr. Birds, p. 35. 1889: Gulf District.

Northern Stone Plover.
Mathews, Handlist No. 19n (pars).

Differs from B. m. magnirosfiis in its constantly longer tarsus : c? tars. 140 ;
typ. <S tars. ]:J6 mm.

Type : Queensland (Mackay), No. 0454.
Range : Queensland.

( 226 )

240. Burhinus magnirostris broomei siiUsji. n.

Western Stone Plover.

Mathews, Hnndliit No. 190 (pars).

Differs from B. in. niaynirostrU iu its much smalh'i- tarsus f\\h mm.).

Type: South-West Australia (Bmomc Hill), No. 583.

Hansrc : South-West Australia.

Genns ESACUS.

Esacus Lesson, Tmite d'Orn. p. 5+7. 1831.

Type (by monotypy) : E. recurmroatrh (( 'uvicr).

247. Esacus magnirostris neglectus suhsp. n.

Oedlcmmua magnirostris Vieillot, Nntii: O'nl. iVHi^l. Xal. vol. xxiii. p. 'J.Sl. 1818. — I designate
Biuongka (Celebes) as the type-locality.

Loug-billed Stone Plover.

Mathews, Handlist No. 191 (pars).

Differs from E. m. magnirostris in its smaller bill (7.3 mm.).

Type : Lewes Island, North-West Australia, No. 4217.

Range : North-West Australia to Queensland.

Family OTIDIDAE.
Genus CHOBIOTIS.

Choriotis Gray, Cut. Gen. Siibgen. Birth, p. 10',). 1855.

Type (by orig. desig.) : C. arabs (Linne).

248. Choriotis australis australis.

Otis austmJis Gray, in Griffith's ed. Curier'a Animal Kinijilnm. llinlx. vol. iii. p. 305. 18'29. — New
Soutli Wales.

Synonym :

Otis uimtrdlasimmfi Gould, Pror. Zuol. Snc. {Lnml) 1840. p. 170. (1841) ; Tlie interior of Xew South
Wales.

Australian Bustard.

Mathews, Handlist No. 192 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New Soutli Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

249. Choriotis australis derbyi snbs]i. n.

North-West Bustard.
Mathews, Handlist No. 192 (pars).

Differs from C. a. australis in its smaller wing and lighter upper coloration
(wing 540 mm.).

Type : Derby, North-West Australia, No. 9421.
Range : North-West Australia.

( 227 )

Order PSOPHIIFORMES.
Family PSOPHIIDAE.

Genns MATHEWSIA.

Mnlharaia Irechile, Hull. Bril. Oiii. Club, vol. wvii. |>. 47. I'.il 1.

Type (by orig. desig.) : M. rubicunda (Perryj.

2nit. Mathewsia rubicunda rubicunda.

Anlni rulifctii/tlit Perry, in Arrami, June 1810 ; Botany Hay, New South Wales.

Syuonyiu :
Grits fi,iKlnili«lamii: Gould, Pm,: Zml Sm: (L.ml.) 1847. p. 2iO (1848) : New Soutli Wales.

Australian Crane.

Mathew.'!, IfamUist No. 1 93 (pars).

Range : Qneensland, Now Sonth Wales, Vietoria, Sont-h Australia.

251. Mathewsia rubicunda arg^entea snbsp. n.

North-Western Crane.

Mathews, Handlist No. VXi (pars).

Differs from M. r. rubicunda in its much paler coloration above and below.

Type : North-West Australia (Derby), No. 40T7.

Range : North-West Australia.

Order ARDEIFORMES.
Family IBIDIDAE.

Genus IBIS.

/6(S Lao^pSde, Tuhl. Oheaur, p. 18. 1799.

Type (by subs, desig.) : /. aethiopicus (Latham).

252. Ibis molucca strictipennis.

Ihh slricilpeinils Gould, Si/iiojjs. Birds Auxir. pt. iv. App. p. 7. I83R : New Soutli Wales.

White Ibis.

Mathews, Handlist No. 104 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

253. Ibis molucca alligator snbsp. u.
Northern Wliite Ibis.
Mathews, Handlist No. l'.»4 ipars).

Differs from /. m. strictipennis in having a shorter bill — viz. Is2 nun. : tvpieul
birds 2U5.

Type : South Alligator River, Northern Territory, No. 44TT.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

Genus CABPHIBIS.
Citrphibh Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. VUgel, p. xiv. 1852.

Tyjie (by orig. desig.) : C. spinirollis (Jameson).

( 22R )
2."i4. Carphibis spinicollis spinicollis.

Tbts sipinicolVis Jameson, Kfl'mh. New Phihis. Jinn'ii. vol. xix. p. 'Jl.'i. \^'.'t't ; Uaiiks of tlie Murray,
New South Wales.

Synonym :

7A/.- laiiiellicollig Lafresnaye. .Umj. ih Zwl. \K\a. pi. 57 : New South Wales.

Straw-necked Ibis.
Mathews, Handlist No. 195 (pars).

Range: Northern Territory, Qneensland, New Nouth \\';ilos, Victoriii South
Australia.

255. Carphibis spinicollis fitzroi suh-^p. n.

North-Western Straw-necked Ibis.
Mathews, Ilandlist No. 195 (pars).

Differs from C. s. i^pinicoUix in havinir a smaller wintj — viz. :>5(i mm. ; tyiiical
birds measnre in the wing 380.

Type: Fitzroy River, North-West Anstralia, No. 'J3T7.
Range : North- West Australia.

Genns EGATHEUS.
Egalhem " Billberg, Sy7i. Faunae Scaiul. i. p. IGG. 1828."

Type (by monotypy"! : E. /alcinellus (Linn6).

Note.—Plegadis Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Xat. S>/st. p. 82. 1829. Type
(by monotypy) : P. /alcinellus (Linne).

256. Egatheus falcinellus.

TiiiitaUis falci iieUiis Linni^, Sijal, Nat. ed. xii. p. 241. 17GC : Austria.

Glossy Ibis.

Mathews, Ilandlist No. lOtj.
Range : Anstralia. Extralimital.
Synonyms not worked ont.

Famiiv PLATA LEinAE.
Genus FLAT ALE A.

Pliilalm Linni?, Si/sf. Nnl. ed. x. p. 13!l. 1758.

Type I by monotypy) .• P. leucorodia Linne.

257. Platalea regia regia.

Plalaled regia Gould, Synops. Birih Anslr. pt. iv. App. p. 7. 1838 : East Coast New South Wales

Synonym :
SpnthermJia melcmnrhi/iirhos Reichenbach, Nnl. S;/sl. V/lgel, p. xvi. 1852 : New South Wales.

Rlack-billed Siwonbill.

Mathews, J/andli.sf No. 197 (pars).

Range ; Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

( 229 )

258. Platalea regia, stalkeri sn))sp. n.
Northern Black-billed Spoonbill.
Mathews, Ihinfllist No. 197 (pars).

Difters from P. r. regia in its smaller ciilmen— viz. 157 mm.
Type: Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. (lOs.
l{any;e: Northern Territory and North-West Australia.

27)'.). Platalea flavipes flavipes.

r/cihilaijlaripes Gould, liymips. Birds Aiislr. pt. iv. App. p. 7. 18.-38: New South Wales.
Yellow-billed Spoonbill.
Mathews, Haiidlisf No. 198 ("pars).
Range : New Sonth AVales, Sontli Australia.

2fiii. Platalea flavipes whitei subsp. n.
Northern Yellow-billed Spoonbill.
Mathews, Handlist No. 198 (par.s).

Differs from P. f. flavipes in its mnch smaller size: wing 382 mm., cnl-
men 190.

Type : Ale.xandra, Northern Territory, No. 609.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

Family CICONIIDAE.
Genus XEITORHTirCHUS.

Xp.ih,r}ujHihux Bonaparte, Cnmp. Gen. Av. vol. ii. p. lIKj. 1H5IJ.

Type (by subsequent designation) : A', austrnlis (Shaw).
201. Xenorhynchus asiaticus australis.

Mijcteria australis Shaw, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Land.) vol. v. p. .33. 1800 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Cirnniii leiiinplera Wagler, Si/st. Ar. Ciconiii, sp. C. 1827 : New South Wales.

Black-necked Stork.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 199 iparsi.

Range : New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory, North-West
Australia.

261a. Xenorhynchus asiaticus rog'ersi subsp. n.
Western Black-necked Stork.
Mathews, Ilandli.'if No. 199 (pars).

Differs from M. a. mistmlis in its smaller wing — viz. 573 mm.
Type : North-West Australia, No. 4074.
Range : North-West Australia.

Fa.mh.v ARDETDAE.
Genus ARSEA.

Ardea lAnrxi, Syst. Nat. ed. ,x. p. 141. 17&8.

Type (by snbsecjuent designation) : A. cinerea Liniu'.

( 230 )

262. Ardea sumatrana mathewsae subsj). n.

Great-billed Heron.
Mathews, llundlist No. 200 (pars).

Diftl'rs from A. s. mmatrarm in its browner coloration aljove, with a lironze
tinge, its longer bill iind shorter tarsus.

Type : < 'ooktowu, North Queensland, No. o-t43.
Hange : Queensland.

2(1;!. Ardea sumatrana gilberti suljsp. n.

North-Western Great-billed Heron.

Matiiews, Hfindlisf No. 200 ^pars).

DifTers from A. s. mathcicxftr in its liuHiter eolnralion above.

Type : Derby, North-Wost Australia, No. '.t4i:.

Kange : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

204. Ardea cinerea rectirostris.

Anlea rectironlrh Gould, Proc: Zool. Sue. (Loud.) 1S43. p. ■_'!' : Xew South Wales.

Synonym :

.\nlf(i leucnphaea Gould, Proc. Zool. Snr. (Loml.) 1848. p. hH : New South W.iles.

Australian Grey Heron.
Blatliews, Handlist No. 201.
Range : New South Wales.

Genus EGKETTA.

KiiretUi Forster, Syn. Oil. Brit. Birds, p. 59. 1817.

Type (by monotypy) : E. garzetta Linne.

265. Egretta intermedia plumifera.

Herodias plumiferiis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Loml.) 1.S47. p. 221 (1848): Xew South W.alos.

Plumed Egret.

Mathews, Handlist No. 202.

Eange : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

206. Egretta alba syrmatophora.

Flerodlan si/rmatnpliortis Gould, Birdie Atixlr. vol. vi. pi. ill. 1840 : New South Wales.

White Egret.

Mathews, Handlist No. 203 (pars).

Range: New South Wales, Victoria, Soutli Australia, Sunt li- West Australia.

207. Egretta alba neglecta subsp. n.
Northern White Egret.
Mathews, Handlist No. 203 (pars).

Dilfers from E. a. syrmatophora in its smaller size. Wing: $ 345-68, ¥ 328-30
mm. E. a. syrmatophora $ 304-86, ? 330-.56 mm.

Type: North- West Australia (Parry's Creek). No. 017.

Range: Nortii-West Anstrulia, Northern Territory, North Queensland.

( 231 )
2(38. Egretta garzetta immaculata.

Hcrndias immamJata Gould, Birds Anstr. vol. vi. pi. 58. 184G : Port Essington, Northern Territory.

Lesser Egret.

Mathews, Ilamllist No. 208.

Uiiuge: North- West Australia, Ndrtheni Territory.

Genus NOTOPHOYX.

Niiliqihoi/.r Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, v. p. xiii. IK'.li;.

Type (by orig. desig.) : N. nomehollnnfliac Latham.

2611. Notophoyx novaehoUandiae novaehollandiae.

Ardea iiovaeliollaiidiae Latham, [iide.c Oriiilh. vol. ii. p. 701. 179i) ; New .South Wales.

Synonym :
Ardia Imnijm Wagler, .S'_//^/. Ar. Ankn, sp. 17. 1827 ; New South Wales.

White-fronted Heron.

Mathews, HamUist No. 2U4 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Vietoria, South Australia, South-\\^est Australia.

270. Notophoyx novaehoUandiae parryi snbsp. n.
Niirtlieru White-fronted Heron.
Mathews, llandlht No. 204 (pars).

Diti'ers from N. n. novaehollamliac in its darker coloration above and below.
Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 623.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

27 L Notophoyx pacifica pacifica.

Ardca iiarijira Latham, Iiiikx Oniith. Sitj/pl. p. Ixv. l.SOl : New South Wales.

Synonym :

.\rdiM bidlaraganrj Wagler, Syst. Av. Ardea, sp. 5. 18'27 : New South Wales.

White-necked Heron.

Mathews, Handlist No. 205 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

272. Notophoyx pacifica alexandrae subsp. n.
Northern White-necked Heron.
Mathews, Handlist No. 20o (pars).
Differs from ;V. yy. pacified in being darker on the back.
Type : Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. G2S.
Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

273. Notophoyx flavirostris.

Niitnjiliiiij.r flui'inislris Sharpe, Oil. Birdu Bril. Mns. vol. x.'ivi. p. 654. 18',I8 : Port Essington,
Northern Territory.

Synonym :

lUrudiiix piniia Gould (not Raffles), Birds Anstr, vol. vi. pi. &2. 1846 : Port Essington.
Pied Egret or Heron.
Mathews, J/a/idlist No. 206.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory, North Queensland.

( 232 )

Genus DEMIGBETTA.

Dcmli/rfll'i Hlytb, Juitin. As. Sw-. Ueiiijtil. vol. xv. p. 372. I84(j.
Type (by m(iiioty]iy) : li. cowfllor Blytli.

274. Demigretta sacra greyi.

Ilcriithii.i ijixiji Gould, Biril.i Auglr. vol. vi. pi. ijl. 1848 : Xew South W;iles.

Australian Reef Heron (White Bird).
Mathews, llaiH/list No. 209 (pars),
llange : Australia.

•^75. Demigretta sacra cooktowui subsp. u.

(Jueeuslaud Blue Reef Heron.
Mathews, Haiu/lint No. 209 (pars).

Difters from I), sacra blue variety in Ix'iiig mure brownish bine and having
shorter tarsi (viz. 70 mm.).

Type : Queensland (Cooktown), No. 58U5.
Range : Queensland.

276. Demigretta sacra tormenti snbsp. n.

Western Blue Reef Henni.
Mathews, Ihuullist No. 209 (pars).

Differs from Demigretta sacra blue variety in being much paler— that is,
more grey.

Type : North-West Australia, No. 8572.
Range : North-West Australia.

.Xote. — Herodias patinosus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Loud) 1847. p. 221, Port
Stephens, N.S.W.(l), and beaatifully figured in his Birds Austr. vol. vi. pi. 59.
1846, is the African A. gularis (Bosc), and Ardm matook Vieillot, Nouv. Diet.
irilist. Nat. vol. xiv. 1817, is from New Zealand.

Genus NYCTICOBAX.

Niji-tkortij- Forster, %«. Cat. Brit. Birds, p. 5'J. 1817.
Type (by uionotypy) : N. mjcticorax Linne.

277. Nycticorax caledonicus australasiae.

.\rdca aii.-ititdasiae Vieillot, Tubl. Encijl. Mcl/iml. Oni. vol. lii. p, 1I3U. 1823 ; Now South Wales.
Synonyms :

Ardea maaihila Lathum (not BodilaLTt), liidej: Onutli. SiipjiL p. Ixiv. 1801 ; New South Wales.
.Irdea niinii'linlhimliifr Vieillot (not Latham), Xoiir. Diet. d'Hisl. Nat. vol. xiv. p. 43G. 1817 : New
South Wales.

Australian Night Heron.
Mathews, Handlist No. 210 (pars).
Range : Queensland to .South Australia.

( 233 )

2TS. Nycticorax caledonicus hilli siibsp. n.

Wcstralian Night Heron.

Mathews, Handlist No. 210 (pars).

Differs from N. c. australasiae in its paler coloration.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's ('reek), No. 653.

Range : North-West Australia.

Genus BUTORIDES.

Biiltii-idcs Blyth, Cat. Birds Mas. As. Sur. Bcikj. [>. 281. 1852.

Type (by subs, desig.) : B. jamnka (Horsfieldj.

279. Butorides javanica stagnatilis.

Ardellii sliuiimtilU Gould, Pi-of. Zool. Soc. {Lmid.) I8iT. p. 221 (18i8): Port Essington, Northei-n
Territory.

Little Mangrove Bittern.

Mathews, Handli.U No. 211 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

280. Butorides javanica macrorhyncha.

Ardelta mairorhi/iicha Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Loud.) 1848. p. 39 : New South Wales (Gosford).

Large-billed Mangrove Bittern.
Mathews, Handli.'it No. 211 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

281. Butorides javanica littleri subsp. n.

Northern Mangrove Bittern.

Mathews, Handliat No. 211 (pars).

Differs from B. j. macrorhyncha in the under-coloration being generally
rufous brown, not dark brown, and the edgings of the wing-coverts rufous, not
buft"; the line of white down the throat is narrow and fades on the upper
breast, whereas in B. j. macrorhijtKha it becomes more extensive on the upper
breast.

Type : North Queensland (Uooktown), No. 1882.

Range : North Queensland.

282. Butorides rog'ersi.

Bidorhhii rotjersi Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. CInl,. vol. xxvii. p. 101. 1911 ; North-West Australia.

Red Mangrove Bittern.

Range : North-West Australia.

Genus IXOBBYCHUS.

l.riibri/rliiix Billberg, " Si/n. Faunae Hrand. vol. i. p. MWi. 1828."

Type (' V subs, desig.) : /. miniUas (Linne).

C 2M )
283. Ixobrychus minutus pusillus.

Aiilea jmtiilla Vieillot, Xmn: Dal. d HUt. Nnt. vol. .\iv. p. 432. lt<17 : Xew South Wales.

Minutu Bittern.

MiilliL'ws, Hiiiidlist No. 2VZ (i>!irs).

l{;uij;y : Australia.

~f>-t. Ixobrychus minutus dubius shIjsji. h.

Western Little Kit tern.
Matliews, Ihiii(lli»t No. 21:J (pars).

Differs from /. m. pusill)i.s in having the feathers of tiie liack blackish-
brown, with brown edges.

Type : Sonth-West Australia, No. 075.
Bange : South- West Australia.

Note. — Lrohri/chiis si/icnxig (Gmelin), though iuehuled in my Handlist, No. 213,
has not authentically occurred in Australia.

Geuns ARDEIRALLA.

Ardeindht Bonaparte, Consp, tjfii. ,1c. vol. ii. p. 101. 18."»i».

Type (by subs, desig.) : A. sturmi (Wagler).

28o. Ardeiralla flavicollis gouldi.

Ardetta gouldi Bonaparte, Cnnsp. Gen. Ac. vol. ii. p. 1.32 IXoii ; New South W,iles.

Synonym :

ArdeaflariruU'ix amlmlls Schlegel, .Utix. P. Ba«. vol. v. Ardtu. p. 4t). 18G3 : Xew South Wales.

Yellow-uecked Mangrove Bittern.
Mathews, Handlist No. 214 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

28(1. Ardeiralla flavicollis olivei suhsji n.

Northern Yellow-necked Bittern.

Mathews, Hniidli.st No. 214 (i>ars).

Dilfcrs from A./, i/ouldi in its bronze upiicr-coloration, and from xL J. ilisneiji
in lieing darker and having the bare space round the eyes yellow as in
A./, gouldi, while the centre throat-feathers are rufous, not blnisli.

Type: North Qnr(Misland (Johnston River), No. 4317.

Range : North C^liieensland.

287. Ardeiralla flavicollis disneyi subsp. n.

North-West Yellow-necked Bittern.

Mathews, Handlint No. 214 (pars).

Differs from A. f. gouldi in its greener upper-coloration : the centre feathers
down the foreueck arc browner and the uuder-coloration is darker : and in the
l)are space round the eyes and part of the lower mandible being liglit brown,
not yellow.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 690.

Range : North- West Australia.

( 1^35 )

Genus BOTAURUS.

Biilanrus Stephens, io Shaw's Gen. Zmil. vol. xi. pt. ii. p. h'd'l. 1819.
Type (by subs, desig.) : B. sti'Uaria (Liiine).

288. Botaurus poiciloptilus poiciloptilus.

Arilea /mi<-i/fijitilii Wagler, Si/sl. Ar. Anlea. sp. 28. note, 1827 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Bijtaumii austmlis Gould, Binh Auitr. vol. vi. pi. 46. 1848 : New South Wales.

East Australian Bittern.

Mathews, lluniUht No. 21o (pars).

Range : Queensland. Xew South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania.

289. Botaurus poiciloptilus westraliensis subsp. n.
AVest Australian Bittern.
Mathews, Handlist No. 215 (pars).

Differs from B. p. polciloptilm in its smaller size ami darker coloration
above. Wing: av. 310 mm.; typ. av. 330 mm.
Type : West Australia (Shark's Bay), No. (in4.
Range : West Australia.

Ordeu ANSERIFORME.S.
F.VMILV ANATIDAE.
Genus CHENOFIS

ChcnnpU Wagler, Ism. 1832. p. 1234.

Type (by monotyjiy) : ' '. ntnita (Lafiiain).

2110. Chenopis atrata.

Aims, atrata Latham, [ndc.c Oi-iiHIi. vol. ii. p. 834. IT'.IU : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Aimi- iiovachoUaiiiliae BoQnaterre, Tahl. Eiici/cL Method. Oni. vol. i. p. 108. IT'.il : New Snuth Wale-i.
Am»i)lutoma Shaw, Nat. Mifeell. vol. iii. pi. 108. 17',I2 ; New South Wales.
Allan ei/f/nus nir/er Perry, Arcana, Mar. t, 1811 : New South Wales.

Black Swan.

Mathews, Ham/li.ft No. 210.

Range : Australia.

Genus ANSEBANAS.

Aiiseranas Lessou, Manuel d'Ornitli. vol. ii. p. 41.^. 1S2S.

Type (by monotyp\) : ^1. ■lemipalniata (Latham).

2'Jl. Anseranas semipalmata.

.ina.i semipalinntii Lalhaiu, Trans. Linn. Sac. {^Lnnil.) vol. iv. p. W.^. 17U8 ; Hawkeshury River,
New South Wales.

Synonym :

Amis tiudanoleura Latham, Indet Urn'ith. Siippl. p. Ixi.v. IWIl : Xew South Wales.

Pied Goose.

Mathews, Uanilli.st No. 217.

Ifange : Australia.

17

( 236 )

Genus NETTAFUS.

yettapus Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anhii. Ruxs. Noo. -lies, fasc. i. p. 5. 1836.
Type (l)y luoiiotypv) : S. aaritus (Boddaert/.

t'd'i. Nettapus pulchellus.

yrllii/iiiximlrliflhix GouXd. Prne. Zool.Soc. {L<inil.} 1841. p. x'J. lH4l' : North Australia(l'ort Kssiiigton).

Green Goose Teal.

Miithews, IlaiKlli.it No. :-'l.s.

liaoge: Nortli-Wost Australia, NnriliiTu Tcirildry, <4iiict'iislaiid.

~Uo. Nettapus coromaudeliauus albipeunis.

Xrlldjnis albi/)eiiiii,s Gould, Birds .[iiatr. vol. vii. tti.xt to pi. ri. IfH^i ; Qutunslaud (Moreton Bay).

White-quilled Goose Teal.

Mathews, Ilantllisl No. L'lii.

Range: Queeuslaud, North nfNew South Wales.

Genus CEREOFSIS.

Cereopgis Latham, Inikx Ornitli. Supjd. p. Ixvii. 1801.

Type (by monotypyi : C n. -hollaiuliae Latham.

294. Cereopsis novaehollandiae.

Cereopsis n.-lmlluiirlinr Latham, finle.e Oniith. Supjil. p. l.Kvii. 1801 : New South Wales (= Victoria).

Synonyms :
Cereopnis cinerem Vieillot, Nour. Dirt. d'Hisl. Xat. vol. v. p. 51('i. 1810 ; Victoria.
Aiixer grixeus Vieillot, Xotir. Did. d'TIixt. Xat. vol. .\xiii. p. .3.3l'i. 1818 : Tasmania.
Allan terrae-leeiiioin Bennett, Pmr. Ztml. Sar. (Land.) 1830. p. '.Jli : Tasmania.
Cereopsis 'luslndis Swainson, Classif. Birds, vol. ii. p. 366. 1837 : Victoria.

Cape Barren Goose.

Mathews, Handlist No. 22(i.

Range: Victoria anil Isianils, South Australia, Isliiiids soulh of West
Australia.

Genus CHEXONETTA.
Cheiiomlta Brandt, Desir. leoii. Aniiu. Riina. Xnr. .hf«, fivsc. i. p. 5. 1836.

Type (by monotypyi : (\ jiibata (Latluxmi.

2'J5. Chenonetta jubata.

Alias jubaid Latham, [iide.i: Oriiith. Suppl. p. l.xi.-;. 18 U ; New (South Wales.
Synonym :

Anser lophnliis Brandt, Dencr. Icon. Aiiiiii. Ritss. Xur. .Icrs, fasc. i. p. .5. 1836 ; New South Wales.

Wood Duck or Maned Goose.

Mathews, Handlist No. 221.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Vicinria.

Genus DENDBOCYGNA.

Dfndroci/r/mi Swainson, Classif. Birds, vol. ii. p. 36.0. 1837.

Type (by monotypyi : D. javanica (Horsfield).

( 237 )
'-".Ki. Dendrocygna javauica gouldi.

Dcm/rm-i/rjmt (/•nihlJ Ooulil. /[,imlb. Bink Anslr. vol. ii. p. :i74. IHlio : Port Essingtoii, Norllieni
Territory.

Whistliiifr Dnclv.

Mathews, Ham/list No. 22:;!.

Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory, (jliieeiisliuicl.

297. Dendrocygna eytoni.

Lr/)lnltu:iis riilniii Eyton, Mtuinf/i: AiKdidai', p. 111. \H'A% ; NorthWest Australia.

rinmed Wliistliiijf Uuuk.
. Mathews, llantHist No. 223.
Range : Australia, Tasmania.

Genus TADORIf A.

Tiitlunia Fleming, Pliilos. Zi>nl. vol. ii. p. 260. 1822.
Type (by tautouymy) : 7". tadorna (Linne).

2i)8. Tadorna radjah rufitergum.

Taihinm railjali rutilerijiim. Hartert. Nfw. Zool. vol. xii. p. 205. 19IK5 ; Soutli .Vlligatiir Eivor,
>forthern Territory.

White-headed Sliieldralie.

Mathews, Handlist No. 224.

Range : North- West Australia, Northern Territory, (Queensland.

299. Tadorna tadornoides.

Anas Ind'iriiu/dfs Jardine and Selby, lUax. Oriiitli. vol. ii. pi. l.xii. 182S ; New South Wale.s.

Synonym :
.lji<(.s hiinarktjiiles Lafresnaye, Mnfi. de Zouf. text to pi. 36. 183o ; New South Wales.

Australian Shieldrake or Mountain Duck.

Mathews, Handlist No. 225.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Soutii Australia.

Genus ANAS.

Amij: Linnii, Siist. Sat. ed. x. p. 122. 1T.')8.

Type (by subs, desig.i : A. boschas Liiine.

oOii. Anas superciliosa superciliosa.

Anas tfupcrciUona Guieliu, Si/al. Nat. p. 537. 1789 ; New /ealaiul.

Synonyms :

Alias Iriwuijhri/ii Forsler, Dcsrr. Atiiiii. ed. Lieht. p. !)3. 1811 : New Zealand (South Island).
Anas iiiidlcri Bonapjrte, Oimples Reudiis, vol. .vliii. p. Ijl'j. 185li. — Substitute name of .1. suptrciVos
" Mull, nee Gm."

Black Duck.

Mathews, HniK/list No. 226.
Range : Australia. E.xtralimital.

( 238 )

Genus NETTION.

XellJnn Kaup, Skizz. Eutw.-Gr^rh. Nnt S,/sl. p. 95. 1829.
Type (by mouotypy i : .V. crecca iLinne).

Hoi. Nettion castaneum.

.Uareca castunrii EytoQ, Mditmj. Amtlitkw. p. II'J. I8o8 : New South Wiilus.

Australian Teal.

Mathews, Handlist No. 22T.

Range : Australia. Extralimital.

oUL'. Nettion gibberifrous.

Anas (Marera) gibbcrifmnx S. Miiller, Vn-h. Nal.-Gexrli. Lniflen Vnlkciik. p. I.i9. 1S4'2 : Celebes.

Synonyms :

,1/ra.v Hilda Schlegel, Mks. I', /inn, vol. vi. Anseics, p. 58. 1866 ; Celebes.
Alias gracilis BuUer, Jlii.i, 18(59. p. 41 ; New Zealand.

Grey Teal.

Mathews, Handlist No. 228.

liange : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus QUEBQUEDULA.

Querqitedula Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Znnl. vol. xii. pt. ii. p. 142. 1824.

Type (by tautonymyi : Q. qaenimidala (Linue).

:iii3. Querquedula querquedula humeralis.

.l«as (y«cc7««rfK/(i) /(i(.wicra;;.s Miillei-, Vtih.Sal. Gfsrii. Laml i-n Vol/.rnl;.,\K 159. 1842; Java.

Eastern Gargauey Teal.

Mathews, Handlist No. 22'.).

Range: Australia (accidental) to Indiii.

Genus SPATULA.

Si>aliila Bole, /«/.«, 1822. p. 564.

Type (by monotypy): 5. cb/peata (Liuue).

304. Spatula clypeata

Anas clijiipata Linne', Sijst. Nat. ed. .\. p. 124. 1758 : Europe.

( 'ommou JShovcller.

Mathews, Handlist No. 23u.

Range: Australia (accidental i. Extralimihil.

30.5. Spatula rhynchotis rhynchotis.

Aniix riniiirhntix Latham, Imlrx Ornilh. Siiji/il. p. ]xs. 1801 : Niw South Wales.

Australiiin Sliuveller (Bluewiiig).

Mathews, Handlist No. 231.

Range : Queensliuid, New Soutii Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

( 239 )

Genus MALACOBHYNCHUS.

Malamrhyiichus Swainson, Journ. Run. In^i, lit. liril. vol. ii. pt. iv. p. 18. 18:51.
Tj-pe (by monotypy) : M. niemhranacem (Latham).

306. Malacorhynchus membranaceus.

Annn iiuiahmiiaci'a Latham, Tmh'.r Oniith. Sn/t/il. p. Ixi.-c. ISdl ; New .South W.iles.

Synonyms :

Anas fasc.hila Shaw, Nat. Mhcell. xvn. pi. G1I7. 18l).5 : New South Wales.

Malacnrhtjnchiis iodotis Lesson, Desc. .Mantia. et Ois. p. 24G. 1847 : New South Wales.

Arms malae.nrhyncha, Sohlegel, .l/iis. P. Ban. vol. vi. Ameres, p. 36. 1863 : New South Wales.

Pink-eared Duck (Widgeon).
Mathews, Hnndlist No. 232.
Range : Australia, Tasmania.

Genus STICTONETTA.

Stirtoitetla ReichenbaRh, Nut. Sii.il. Vwjel, p. i.\. 1852.

Type fliy orig. desig.) : S. naevosa (Gonld).

307. Stictonetta naevosa.

Alius Miemm Gould, Proi: Zool. Sue. {Loml.) 1840. p. 177 (1841) : West Australia.
Freckled Dnck.
MaMiew.s, riaiu/Iisf No. 23:5.
Range : Australia, Tasmania.

Genus NYBOCA.

Nijroca Fleming, Ph'ihs. Zool. vol. ii. p. 260. 1822.
Type (by tantonymy) : N. vyrom (Linne).

3US. Nyroca nyroca australis.

Niirnni iiiislralix Eytcn, Mnniwi. Anatidof., p. 160. 1838 : New South Wales.

Anstralian White-eyed Dnck (Hardhead).
Mathews, Haiullist No. 234.
Range : Anstralia, Tasmania.

Genus OXYUBA.

0/ry»)-,i Bonaparte, AniuiU Liic. Not. Hist. Ntio Yorh. vol. ii. p. 390. 1828.

Type (by monotypy) : 0 . jamaicensis (Gmelin).
300. Oxyura australis.

Oxyura australis Gould, Pnic. Zonl. Soc. { Lniid.) 1836. p. 85 (1837) : Swan River, West Australia.

Blne-billed Dnck.

Mathews, Ilnndlist No. 235.

Range : New Sonth Wales, Viffuria, Tasmania, Soutli Australia, West
Anstralia.

( 24U )

Genus BIZIURA.

Bi-.ium Stephens, in Shaw's Geii. Znnl. vol xii. pt. ii. p. 'iil. 1824.

Type (by monotypy) : B. lobatn (Shaw).

31 u. Bizinra lobata.

Anas lohata Shaw and Nodder, Nat. Hiscell. vol. viii. pi. 255. 17'JG : Xew South Wales.

Synonyms :

Amis carunculala Vieillot, Nuuv. Did. d'llixl. Nat. v. p. lOlt. 1816 ; New South Wales.

Bizinra nnvnehnlhiiuVnip. Stephens, in Shaw's Ge.ii. Znol. xii. pt. ii. p. '222. 1824 : New South Wales.

Musk Duck.

Mathews, Handlist No. 236.

Range : South Queensland, New Soufh Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Snntli
Australia, West Australia.

Ordek PELICANIFORMES.

Family CARBOXIDAE.

Genus CARBO.

Carbo Lacepfede, TnWeati Oiseaiix, p. 15. 1799.

Type (by tautonymy) : (\ carbo (Linne).

311. Carbo carbo novaehoUandiae.

Phalaci'Ocimix uovaehnUdiuliae Stephens, in Shaw's Gtn. Znnl. vol. xiii. p. 93. 182l! : Tasiriaiiia.

Synonym :

Plinhieinciim.t rnrhnides Gould, Si/iio/ia. Birih Aiislr. pt. iv. .Vpp. p. 7. IS.'W : Tasmania.

Australian Black Cormorant.
Mathews, IJandlist No. 237.
Ranjje : Australia, Tasmania.

312. Carbo sulcirostris sulcirostris.

Carht sulciroxti-is Brandt, Bull. Aratl. Sci. Si. Pflri:ili. vol. iii. p. .')0. 18:58 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Carlo jrurpnrayula Peale, Viiiteil Slates E.qjI. E.fji. p. 2ri9. 1848; cf. 2nd cd. p. :i74, 1858 : New

Zealand.
Mirrocarbn sliiiweiiliahis lionapartft, Cnnsp. Oni. Ar. ii. p. 178. 185G : New Sonth Wales.

Little Black (Jorraorant.

Mathews, Handlist No. 238.

Range : Australia, Tasmania. E.Ktralimital.

313. Carbo gouldi.

II yjmleucus gouliU Salvadori, .inn. .Mns. Civ. Gen. vol. .wiii. p. 4il4. 1882: New South Wales.

Synonym :

Phalatrocurax Unenrjasler Gould (not Vieillot), Sijudjih. Binla Aiislr. pt. iv. App. 7. lK.'i8 : Now
South Wales.

White-breasted Cormorant.
Mathews, Uandlisl No. 2:i'.).
Range : Australia, Tasmania.

( ~^41 )
314. Carbo varius hypoleucos.

Ciii'hi, Iii/jiiiliiirnx Bramlt. Bull. Anitl. Sri. Si. Peln-xb. vol. iii. p. &5. 1838 : South Australia.

Pied ('oriiKiraiit.
Mathews, llaiulli.it No. 240.

Range : tSoutli Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, West
Australia.

31.'). Carbo melanoleucos melanoleucos.

Hydrocorax melaiioleiiaK Vieillot, Nouv. Diet, li flinl. Nal. vol. viii. p. 88. 1817 : New South Wales.
Synonyms :

Carho tliiaidialKx Lesson, Traiie d'Oni. p. 604. 1831 : New South Wales.

Pliahicromfii.r jlai-i rh iiiu-hns Gould, SynopK. Birds Aiistr. pt.iv. App. p. 8. 18.'?8 : New South Wales.
Graumliis jUiviirmtfi^ (iTay, in Diejf'cnh. Trcweh in Xfw Zeiiland ii. p. 201. 1843 : New South Wales.
Halieus leucomehti Gloger, Juhi-ii. fia- Oni. p. 14. 1857 : New South Wales.

Little Conuoraut.

Mathews, IhnidUi^t No. 241.

Range : Australia, Tasmania. Extralimital.

F.wiii.v PLOTIDAE.
Genus FLOTUS.

Plntua Linne, .S'//.sV. Siil. ed. xii. p. 218. 176(j.

Type (hy luonotyjiy) : /'. unhinqa Linne.

310. Plotus novaehoUandiae.

I'lolun, iiocaelwIUmdiae Gould, Proc. Znol. Sue. (Lund.) 1847. p. 34 ; South coast of Australia.

Australian Darter.
Mathews, II(iii(lli.<it No. 242.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Family SULIDAE.
Genus SULA.

Sida Scopoli, Introd. Hist. Nat. p. 474. 1777.

Type (liy tantonymy) : S. pi.icator (Linne).

317. Sula bassana serrator.

.S'»/« serrator Gray, I'o//. " ICrebnx " and " Terror" Birds p. Ul. 1845 : New Zealand.

Synonym :
Sniu jiliimiijnhi "Xatterer" Pelzeln, Uiis. 1873. p. 52: New Zealand.

An.stralian Gannet.
Mathews, lliimllist No. 243.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

( 'iA-i )
31 >. Sula dactylatra.

Sida ilarlijhilra Lesson, Ti-aile d'Orti. p. COl. 1831 : Ascension Island.

Synonyms :
Dyaporm ct/aiw/is Sundevall, Ph;/s. Sallsk. Tidskr. (Lund), vol. i. p. -218. 1H37 : Ascension Island.
Sula persomiUi Gould, Proc. Znol. Hoc. {Lnml.) 18W. p. Jl : North-West Australia.

Masked Gaunet.

Mathews, Handlist No. 244.

Range : North-West Australia. Extralimital.

319. Sula piscator piscator

Pdecanus pixcitl-'i- Linne, Si/sl. Xnl. ed. x. p. i:U. 17r(.S : .lava Seas.

Ked-legged Gannet.
Mathews, Handlist No. 24.").
Kange : Qaeenslaud. E.xtralimital.

Synonyms not worked ont.

3'20. Sula leucogaster.

Pelrcanuss lenmgasler Boddaert, Tiibl. PI. Enl . p. It'. No. 'J73. 178:5 : Cayenne.

Brown Gannet (Booby).

Mathews, Handlist No. 240.

Range : North-West Australia, North (Jueeusland. Extralimital.

Synonyms not worked ont.

Family FREOATIDAE.
Genns FREGATA.

Fregala Lacepi'de, Tubleau Oiseutix. p. If). 179;i.

Type (by monotyiiy) : /". titjtiila (LiiuK-).

321. Fregata aquila palmerstoni.

Pelecami.ijmhnprstoii! (Imelin, %«r Nal. p. 573. 17.S'.i : I'ulinerston Island. Pacific Ocean.

Eastern Frigate Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 247.

Range: North Anslralia. Extralimital.

322. Fregata ariel.

Atlagen arid Gould, BiiiU .instr. vol. vii. pi. I'l. 1848 : Raines Island, North Australia.

Lesser Frigate Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 248.

Range : Nortli-West Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland. Extra-
limital.

F.\Mn.v PHAETHONTIDAE.

Genns FHAETHON'.

Phaellii,)! Uxmi. S,/Kt. Niil. ed. x. p. 1.34. 17.08.

Type (by subs, dcsig.) : P. aitlicri'iis Tjinnt'.

( 243 )
323. Phaethon rubricaudus rubricaudus.

PhurUin i-iihrmtuda Boddaert, Tabl. PL Eiil. p. :.7. No. Il7il. 1783 : Mauritius (He de France).

Synonym :

Phaeton plioeniciiros Gmelin, Si/st. Nat. p. tiU'A^ 17K',) : Mauritius.

Red-tailefl Troi)i(; Bird.

Mathews, fla/x/list No. 249.

Range : West Anstralia. Extralimital.

324. Phaethon rubricaudus novaehoUandiae.

Phaethon mn-aehullaiuliae Brandt, Mem. Amd. Sci. St. Peli-.fsh. ser. vi. vol. v. pt. ii. p. i72. 1840 :
Lord Howe Island.

Synonym :

Phaethon ruhrmtmhi erulHsrena Rothschild, .4 /■;/'. Luysun. pt. iii. p. 290. 1900 : Kermadec Islands.

Ruddy Tropic Bird.

Matliews, na>i(IJi.<it No. 2ri(i.

Range: East Australia. E.xtralimital.

Sote. — This name was given to the bird described by Latham as the " New
Holland Tropic Bird" in the Gen. Synop. Birds vol. .x. p. 448, No. 4. The
drawing there referred to is one of the Watling drawings in the British Musenm,
and is obviously the young of this speeies. The next drawing is a splendid one
of this sjiecies, and the artist carefully noted that the former was the young of
the latter. As Watling included many Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island
birds in his drawings, and was certainly at these islands, there can be little
donbt that he collected the birds he drew. I have therefore selected Lord Howe
Island as the typical locality. Rothsciiild's name must become a synonym.

325. Phaethon lepturus lepturus.

I'hiirl.m IrptiiniK Daudiii, in Buff.ms llUt. Xnl. (IHmo Uidot) Qioidr. vnl. xiv. p. :'.\'.l. IHO'2:
Mauritius (Tie de France).

Synonyms :
I'haeinn cavilidiia Temminck, ^fan. il'Oni. '2nc\ ed. vol. i. p. oxii. 1S->(I : Mauritius.
I'haelon ultuix Scliinz, Xutnr;/. AhhHd. Viiij. p. 402. 18H0 : Mauritius.
Phaethon Jiaemistris Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Peler«b. ii. p. 349. 1837 : Mauritius.
Phieton edirard.iii id., .\rem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersh. ser. vi. vol. v. pt. ii. p. 271. 1840 : Mauritius.

White-tailed Tropic Bird.
Mathews, llntidlist No. 2.51.
Range : Anstralia. Extralimital.

F.iMiiY PELECANIDAE.
Genus FELECAITUS.

PelecamiK Linn^, Syd. Nat. ed. x. p. 132. 1758.

Type (by tantonymy) : P. onorrotalua \A\m^.

( ■■^44 )
32ri. Felecanus conspicillatus conspicillatus-

PelecanuH cmigpicillutux 'IViiimiiick and Liuigier, Plan. Ijilm: il'Oh. 47 livr. vol. iii. pi. 27i'i. 1824:
New South Wales.

Sj-nonyin :
Pelecaims auslrnli« Stephens, in Shaw's Gi'n. Znol. xiii. pt. i. p. 113. 182t) : New South Wales.

Eastern Pelican.

Mathews, llamlliM. No. ^.'I'i fjiars).

Range : Qneensland, New .Soiilli Wales, Victoria, .Soutli Australia.

;{2T. Felecanus conspicillatus westralis snlisii. n.

Western Pelican.

Mathews, HnwHiat Xo. 2o2 (pars).

Differs from P. c. ronspicillatus in liavinsr a smaller wini; measnreraenr
(viz. 625 mm.), and smaller size generally.

New South Wales: wing (j) 652, culmen 4G4, tarsns 126 mm.
West Australia: wing ( ^) 625, cnlmen 434, tarsus 124 mm.
Type: Perth, West Australia, No. 4071.
Range : West Australia.

Order ACCIPITRIFORMES.

Famiiv FALCOXrD.\E.
Genus CIRCUS.

Circus Laci'pede Tahlean OiseuuT. p. 4. 17'.i9.

Type (by subs, desig.) : C. aeruffinosus (Linue).

328. Circus assimilis assimilis.

Cirnin asximilix Jardiiie :inil .Selby. /"'". Oniilli. ser. i. viil. ii. pi. .'il. 1828: Xear Sydney, New
South Wales.

Synonym :
C.jiiiil^iiii (xoiUd, S//iin/,^. Hiiih Aintfr. pt. iii. pi. 48. 1838 ; New Snuth W:ile9.

Spotted Harrier.

Mathews, Handlist No. 253 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

329. Circus assimilis rogersi subsji. n.

Lesser Spotted Harrier.

Mathews, HandliM No. 253 (pars).

Differs from <'. a assimilis in its much smaller size and darker coloi-ation
above and below, the head being almost uniformly dark-coloured : 6 wing 393,
culm. 30, tars. 9U mm.

Type : North-West Australia (Fitzroy River), No. 4488.

Range : North-West Australia.

( 245 )
330. Circus approximans gouldi.

Circus: iimihVi Bonaparte, Coiiisj). Gen. Ar. vol. i. p. .■i4. 18511 : New Sniitli Wales.

Allied Harrier (Swamp Hawk).

Mathews, IliiiiiUht No. '.^54 (pars).

Range : Qneensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.

331. Circus approximans inexpectatus subsp. n.

Little Allied Harrier.
Mathews, lUtiidUat No. 254 (pars).

Dirters from C.a.t/oidili in its smaller size: i wing 376, cnlm. 28, tars. 88 mm. ;
typ. (joiddi $, wing 407, culm. 30, tars. 93 mm.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 788.
Uange : North-West Australin.

Genus ASTUB.

Asliic Laei'pode, Tnblfuii Oiseaiix, p. 4. 1799.

Type (by subs, ilesig.) : A. pdbtmbariita Linne.

332. Astur clarus clarus.

Faho chirus Latham, Iiuhx Ornith. Snppt. p. xiii. IHlll : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Sparvius chiereus Tieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hiat. Nal. vol. .\. p. .388. 1817 : New South Wales.

Asltir rail Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sue. (Lmnl.) vol. xv, |i. 180. 182G : New Sontli Wales.

Grey Goshawk.

Mathews, Handlist No. 255 (pars).

Range: Victoria, New South Wales, to Cairns (Queensland).

333. Astur clarus cooktowni snbsji. n.

Northern Grey Goshawk.

Mathews, UinidliHt No. 255 (pars).

Differs from A. c. clarus in its much smaller size generally —

New South Wales ? wing 311, cnlm. 34, tarsus 84 mm.

Cooktowu ? „ 201, „ 29, „ . fis „

Type: Cooktown, Queenslanil, No. ■.Jiiii'.i.
Range : North Queensland.

334. Astur novaehollandiae novaehoUandiae.

Fain, iiiH-aehiiUaiiiliiii: litnelin, Si/sl. Nat p. 2()4. 1788 : New South Wales.
Synonyms :

Fuh;, aliiia White, Vuij. New South IKit^es, p. 200. pi. 35. 1790 : New South Wale.s.
Sparrius nimis Vieillot, Noiw. Diet. d'Hisl. Nat. vol. x. p. 338. 1817 : New South Wales.
Daedalian cantlidum Lesson, Traite d'Oru. p. 66. 1830 : New South Wales.
fain) leucaOtox Forster, Descr. Anim. ed. Lioht. p. 70. 1844: New South Wales.

White (loshawk.

Mathews, Handlist No. 256 (pars).

Range: South Qneensland, New Scmfli Wales, Victoria, Tasnninia, South
Australia, Sonth-West Australia.

( 246 )

335. Astur novaehoUaudiae alboides siil)s|i. n.
North- Western White Goshawk.
Mathews, finitdlist No. ".^56 (pars).

Differs from A. n. mcaehollandiae in its smaller size: wiii<; "J.")!) mm
Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 703.
Range: North-West Australia.

336. Astur novaehoUandiae leucosomus.

.\<liir teiirosoiiiiii Sharpe, Cal. Bird.i Brit. Miix. vol. i. p. 1 ly. 1H74 : New Ciuinea.

Lesser White Goshawk.

Mathews, Haiulliiit No. 2.57.

Range : North Queensland. New Guinea.

337. Astur fasciatus fasciatus.

Astur faxcialux Vigors and Horsfield, Trtui«. Lhiii. Sih-. (Lh/hI.) vol. xv. |i. 181. 1820 : New South
Wales.

Synonym :
.Is/H)' tipprii.ciiiiiiiix Vigors and Horsfield, Tmini. Liiiii. Sm-. (Luml.) vol. xv. p. 181. 182G: New
South Wale.s.

Australian Goshawk.

Mathews, Handlist No. 2o8 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Vietoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

338. Astur fasciatus mackayi suhsp. n.
(,)ueenslan(l (Joshawk.
Mathews, Ihindlisl No. 25<S (pars).

Differs from .1. /. fasciatus in lieing lnowii alinvc, witli tin' nuchal collar very
indistinct.

Type : Mackay, (jneensland. No. (Vi'dn.
Range : Queensland.

339. Astur fasciatus crueutus.

AsIki- ernentiia Gould, Pmr. Znol. Hoc. {Loud.) 1842. p. 1 l.i. 1843 : Western Australia (York District)

Lesser Goshawk.
Mathews, Humllist No. 259.
Range : West .Australia.

340. Astur cirrocephalus cirrocephalus.

Sparvius firrim/ihaliis Vieillot, Noiiv. Did. d'JJ'nl. y<il. vol. x. p. 32'.l. 1817 : New South Wale.s.

Synonym :
Acripitci- lorqimtiix Vigors and Horsfield. Traii-i. Linn. f^or. (L'ind.) vol. xv. p. 182. 1821; : New
South Wales.

Collared Sparrow-hawk.

Mathews, Handli.'tt No. 200 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

l^ote. — Valco melnnoj/s Latham, Index Ornitli. Suppl. \\ ,\ii. 1801, New South
Wales, may bo referable to this species ; but in an\' case it is unavailable, being
preoccupied by the same anthor {Index Ornitli. p. 37, 1700).

( 247 )

341. Aatur cirrocephalus broomei subs p. n.

Western Collared Sparrow-hawk.
Mathews, flaiidlist No. 200 (pars).

Difl'ers froiu A. <:. cirrocephalus in lieing darker abuvc^ and the nuchal collar
darker red.

Type : South- West Australia (Broome Hill), No. «ito.
Range : West Australia.

34-'. Astur radiatus radiatus.

Fniiu rad'aliis Lutham. Imlf.r Oniilli. Sn/ijil. p. xii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

IJaliaietus nilei Vigors and Horsficld, Trii/ix. Linn. Sm-. (I.nnil.) vol. .\v. p. 181). 182i; : New South

Wale.s.
AsUir testwmta Kaup, [si-i, 1847. p. Ml : New South Wales.

Red Goshawk.

Mathews, Handlist No. 261.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

343. Astur radiatus rufotibia.

En/llii'iilrirircliis ni/olibia Campbell, Kmi(, vol. x. p. ■J4',l. I'.lll : Napier Broome Hay, Nortli-West
Australia.

Red-legged Goshawk.

Range : North-West Australia.

Genus AQUILA.

Aquila Gmoliu, Xi'f. Conini. Pelni/i, vol. xv. p. 445. 1771.

Type (by monotypy) : ^1. mogilnok Gmelin.

344. Aquila audax audax.

Viiltinniutn.r Latham, Inile..r Oniiili. Stqipl. p. ii. 1801 : New Soutli Wales.

Synonyms :

Afjulln alhironli-is Vieillot, Nmir. Dirl. d'fflxt. Nat. vol. i. p. 229. 181(i : New South Wales.
Fiilni furiisus Temminck and Laugier, Plan. Cnhir. d'Ois. vol. i. pi. .S2. 6' liv. 1821 : New South
Wales.

Wedge-tailed Eagle (Eagle-hawk).
Mathews, Handlist No. 202 (pars).
Range: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

346. Aquila audax carteri snhsp. n.

Western Wedge-tailed Eagle.

Mathews, Handlist No. 2(52 (pars).

Differs from A. a. audax in its darker colorati'^n, noticeable iu the adult in the
under-snrface <and the under-tail coverts, and the brighter coloration of the nape
feathers : in the young the darker coloration is still more apparent in all stages.

Type: West Australia (Gracefield), No. 814.

Range : West Australia.

(248 )
:>4)i. Aquila morphnoides morphuoides.

Aqttilu niorphnuiiles Gould, Pnii: Zwil. .>'»•. {L'lnd.) 1(<4II. p. KU ( 1S41) : Upper Uuiitcr, Xew S.iiuli
Wales.

Little Eagle.

Mathews, IIaii(llixf No. ti'i;? (])!irs).

Range: Qiieeiislatid, New Sontli Wales, Vieturia, Smilli Auslialia.

347. Aquila morphnoides coongani subsp. n.

Noitli-Westeni Little Eagle
Mathews, lluiidlist No. 'Je:! (pars).

Ditl'ers irom .1. m. mor/tkifiidcs iu iiaviiig the uiuler-siirface uniform. I lie shall -
streaks being reduced lo a thin line ; and in its smaller size.
Type: North- West Austnilia (Coougan River), No. s^-'n.
Range : West Australia.

Genns BUTASTUB.

BuUistiir Hodgson, Juuin. As. Sue. Beni/at, vol. .\ii. pt. i. p. 311. 1843.

Type (b}' orig. desig.) : B. teesa (Franklini.

348. Butastur teesa.

Ciiriis kem Franklin, Pmc. Zool. So<:. (Lund.) 1831. p. 115: liutweun Calcutta and Benares,
India.

Synonym :

Asliir hiider Sykes. Pruc. Zuul. Sur. (Lund.) 1832. p. 7'.l ; Dukhuu, Itiilia.

White-eyed Buzzard.

Mathews, Ilaiidli.'it No. 204.

Range: New South Wales (accidental). Extraliniilal.

Genus HALIAEETUS.

Il,diaci'l'i>i Saviguy, Dexrr. ICijijiil. Ui.sl. Ntil. vol. i. p. (58. 1809.

Ty]ie (by monotypy) : //. (lUiicUliix (Linue).

34U. Haliaeetus leucogaster leucogaster.

Falcd lewor/anler Gnielin, Sjjxt. A'n/. p. 2u7. 17«8 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Haliaeetus sphenurus Gould, Synujis. Birds AkxIi: pt. iii. pi. 39. 1838 : Tasmania.

White-bellied Sea Eagle.

Mathews, llani/li.sl No. 205 (pars).

Range: yueenslaud, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.

3.")ii. Haliaeetus leucogaster pallidus subsp. n.

Western White-bellied Sea Eagle.

Mathews, llamllist No. 2(55 (pars).

Ditters from II. I. letu-oya»ter iu its paler upp(!r surface.

Type: Derby, North-West Australia, No. 1)419.

Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

( 249 )

Genus HALIASTUR.

[lalinsliir Selby, Cat. Gen. Subtjen. Tijjien .Iw* p. .!, notu, IS411.

Tvjie (by orig. desig.): //. iitdiin (Boddaert).

^iol. Haliastur Indus leucosternus,

llidkulns toKosleriiUH Gould, Si/nu/ix. liirda Aiidr. pt. iii. pi. 4lJ. 1838 ; Xew Sontli Wales.

Synonym :

lliilhiiliis inislriilix Gray, MS. : Xow South Wales.

Wliite-headed Sea Eagle.
JIathews, llntxili.st No. :.'()li ([lars).
Range: New Sontli Wales, Qneenslanil.

3.)U'. Haliastur Indus subleucosternus snb.''|i. n.

Western Wliite-headed Sea Eagle.
Matliews, HandlUt, No. 266 (par,s).

Differs from //. /. leucoMernux in its darker coloration above, and also on the
abdomen and thighs.

Type : North- West Anstralia (Derby), No. <)2ii7.
Range : North-West Australia.

353. Haliastur sphenurus.

.l//7»«.s- y/iliemmi:: Vie.illot, .Vour. Dirt. d'Hht. .V,il. vol. xx. p. .i64. 1818 : Xew South Wales.

Synonym :

HtdiaeeUiK rnminis Vigors aad HorsfieUl, Tnm". Linn. S,,'- (Lonil.) vol. xv. p. 187. 182i; : Xew
South Wales.

Whistling Eagle.
Mathews, Handlist No. 267.
Range : Australia. Extralimital.

Genus MII.VUS.

.Mil mm Lacepede, Tableau Oiaiaiix p. 4. 1 7011.

Type (by snbs. desig.j : .lA. inilvii.-i r,iiin('.

354. Milvus korschua affinis.

Milrns nffiuis Gould. Siinnpx. Birdx .in.fli: pt. iii. pi. 47. 1838 : New South Wales.

Allied Kite.

Mathews, llandliiit No. 26S (par.s).

Range : Eastern Australia.

355. Milvus korschun uapieri Mib.sp. n.
Northern Allied Kite.
Mathews, HandUat No. 268 (pars).

Differs from M. k. affi.ni» in its darker coloration above and Ijelow.
Type : North-West Anstralia (Napier Broome Bay), No. 5593.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

( 250 )
Milvus isurus isurus.

Milrus iiiirus Gould, Synope. Birth Auslr. pt. iii. pi. 47. 1K:W ; New Soutli Wales.

Siiiuirc-tailed Kite.

Mathews, HnicHi.tt No. -JfSO (pars).

Haiige : New South WuIcm, Qneeiishiiul.

357. Milvus isurus westraliensis miIjsji. u.

Western Square-tailed Kite.
Mathews, Uniidlist No. 2()'.l ([lars >

Differs from .1/. /. miraa in its smaller siiie ami darker iiinier and lower
iMdoratiou. Wiug : S 45ft mm.

Type: West Australia (Perth), Xn. 4480.
Range : West Australia.

Genus GTPOICTINIA.

(i Hpniiiinia Kaup, /«('». 1847. p. 114.

Type (b)- monotypy) : <j. melanostema (Gouldj.

3o^. Gypoictinia melanosterna melanosterna.

Buteo melmmsternon. GouM, Proc.Zool. So,-. (LdmI.) 1.S40. p. H;-.'(1S4I) : lutfi-ior N'uw S.iulb Wales.

Black-breasted Buzzard.

Mathews, Handlist No. 2Tn (pars).

Range : Interior New South Wales, South Australia.

3.59. Gypoictinia melanosterna decepta subsp. n.

Northern Buzzard.

Mathews, Handlist No. 270 (pars).

Differs from (t. m. melanoxtt'rna in lacking the black on the head and breast.

Type : North- West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 845.

Range : Interior Nortliern Territory, North-West Australia.

Genus ELANUS.

Eliinii^ Savigny, Dcm: Egypt. Hist. iVal. vol. i. p. (lil. ISO'.i.
Tyjie (by monotypy) : K. i-aeralcus Desfoutaiues.

3011. Elanus axillaris axillaris.

Fnlm a.rillan.1 Lalliam. liiilcx Oniilh. Suj>/i/. p. ix. ISUl ; Xuw South Wales.

Synonyms :

Klaiiii.-< iio(nUi» Gould, %«"/«. Birds .\iclr. pt. iv. App. p. i. IHiiH ; New Soulli Wales.

Black-shouldered Kite.

Mathews, llandlint No. 271 (pars).

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

( •^•il )

301. Elanus axillaris parryi sulisp. n.

Western Black-shdnklcriMl Kite,
llatliews, Handlist No. '-71 (pars).

Difiers from E. a. axiUaiia in its lighter coloration above.
Type : North- West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 849.

Range: North-West Australia,, Northern Territory, North. Queeuslaiul (to
Cooktownj.

30-'. Elanus scriptus.

Elanus serijdus Gould, Proc. Zonl. Sor, [Land.) 18i'i. p. HO: South Australia.

Letter-winged Kite.

Mathews, llaudlmt No. 2~'Z.

liange : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

Geuns BAZA.

Baza Hodgson, Jutirit. Asiaf. Sue. Ht'iujal, vol. v. p. 777. 18i3l).

Type (by orig. desig.) : B. gi/ama Hodgson.

363. Baza subcristata subcristata.

Lepldogemja mbi-rUlalna Uould, Si/wi/x. BinU Anstr. pt. iii, pi. 4G. 1838: New South Wales.

Crested Hawk.

Mathews, Ilaiidlist No. 273 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

364. Baza subcristata queenslandica >ul)sp. n.

Queensland Crested Hawk.

Mathews, Handlist No. 273 (pars).

Differs from Baza subcristata suhcristata in having less rnfous on the under
tail-coverts and under wing-coverts. The bars on the unJer-surface being wider,
and darker, more brown, not so reddish.

Type: Queensland (Maekay) : No. 0;;',):i.

Range : Queensland.

Genus FALCO.

Falai Liune, Si/st. Nat. ed. .\. p. 88. 1768.

Type (by subs, desig.): F. sahhateo Liniie.

3orj. Falco peregrinus melanogenys.

Falai nicUuioijini/s Gould, Si/nnps. lUnln Aiislr. pt. iii. pi. 4-'. 1837 : New South Wales.

Synonym :

Fako mav.rnpus Swaiusou, Aniin. in .MeiuKj. p. 341. 1837 : Tasmania.

Black-c-iiceked Falcon.
Jlathews, JJif/idlist No. 274 (pars).

RaQge : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia,
West Australia.

18

( 252 )
3(')0. Falco hypoleucos.

Fuko hyimleucoa Gould, Pruc. Zool. Soc. {Load ) 1840. p. U',2 (1H41) : Western Australia.

Grey Falcon.

Mathews, HaiHlliat No. 275.

Range : Australia.

307. Falco subniger.

t'olrii xiih/ii'ji'r (Jray. Ann. Mmj. Xnt. JJi.<l. vol. .\i. p. o71. 181;i : Victoria.

Black Falcon.

Mathews, Ildndlist No. 276.

Range : Australia.

3(i8. Falco lunulatus lunulatus.

Fiil:ii liinulalu^ Latham, Ind>'c Ornith. Siipjil. p. xiii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Falco InnqippMiis Swainsoa, Ani'n. in Menng. p. 341. 1h:!7 ; Tasmania.

FalrnfruiiUiliis Gould, Sijnnp.^. lihiU Austr. pt. iii. pi. 42. 1838 : New South Wale;.

Ui/i>utrivrchis riifieenter "Gould" Bonaparte, OinH/i. (Jen. Ar. vol. i. p. '2;). 18.j0 : New South Wales

Little Falcon.

Mathews, Handlist No. 277 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

3ti9. Falco lunulatus murchisonianus snlisji. n.

Murcliison Falcon.
Mathews, Hainllist No. 277 (pars).

Differs from V(dco lunulatus himdnJiis in its much paler culuratiini cii the
upper and under surface.

Type: ^Vest Australia (Bast Mnrchison), No. 31)00.
Range : Mid-Westralia.

Genus lERACIDEA.

Irntriiirn Gould, Si/n'>2)s. Birds Anstr. pt. iii. pi. 43. 1838.

Type (hy monotypyj : /. bcriyoru (Vigors and llurstiidd).
370. leracidea berigora berigora.

Falco ha-iijiini Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Hn,:. (Lund.) vol. xv. p. 184. 18:i(! : New South
Wales.

Synonym :

Hienusidta urirnlulis Sharpe, Cat. Hirda Brit, .Uns. vol. i. p. 4-:.'. 1874 : New South Walc->.

Striped Brown Hawk.

Mathews, Handlist Nos. 278 and 279 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

371. leracidea berigora occidentalis.

leracidea uccidcntulis Gould, J'nic. ZuuL 6'uc. {Lund.) 1844. p. lo.'i ; West Australia.

Western Brown Hawk.

Mathews, flamllist Nos. 27^ and 270 (pars).

Range : West Australia, Northern Territurv.

( '-^53 )

Note. — The difFereuoes relied upou by Sliarpe for tlie separation of his two
forms are of no value, as it will be noticed that of the three birds collected by
Elsey in the Northern Territory two are referred to one form, the other to the
"very distinct" second form. Inasmuch as the Western race is recognisable
Gould's name must be accepted for it.

Genus CERCHITEIS.

Cenhneis Boiu, his, 182H. p. ',170.

Type (by monotypyj : C. riipicola (Lichtenstein).

'•i~r>. Cerchujis cenchroides cenchroides.

Fakit riii,:liiii/(k.i Vigoi's uiid Uorsfield, Trani. Linn. Hoi:. {Loud.) vol. x». p. 183. 182G : New
South Wales.

Synonym :

Ccirliiieia iminai-iildliis "Brebm" Bonnparte, Oi«s//. dfii. .\i-. vol. i. p. 27. 1850 : New South Wales.

Nankeen Kestrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 28U (pars).

Range: Queeusland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasniania, South Australia.

3T;!. Cerchneis cenchroides milligani subsp. n.

Dusky Nankeen Kestrel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 26u (pars).

Differs from C. c. cenchroides in its less size and darker c;)loriition above.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 8207.

Range : North-AVest Australia.

3T4. Cerchneis cenchroides unicolor.

Cfvi-hiieis uniroliir Milligan, I'.niii, vol. iv. p. I. I'.M)4 : West Australia (Yalgoo).

Westralian Nankeen Kestrel.
Mathews, Handlist No. 281.

Although the type is a " sjmrl " the nam'' may be used tor the South-West
Australian subspecies.

itaiige : South-West Australia.

Family PANDloNIDAE.
Genus FANDION.

I'aiiiUun Savigiiy. Desii: Eijjuil. Hist. Xul. vol. i. p. Gil. 1809.
Tvpe (by monotypy) : F. haliaetas (Linne).

( 254 )
375. Pandion haliaetus cristatus.

Biilrii rrishihi.s Vieillot, .Vimi: Did. d'Uist. S\it. vol. iv. p. 181. 181tj : Xuw Suuth Wales.
Svnoiivms :

J'iiiii/io,i Uimirejilialm Gould, .'>//n.y/.s-. Birdx .inxh: pt. iii. pi. 41. IKIiK : Nuu- South Wales.
r,ii,:li,m gnuhU Kaup, hh 1847. p. 270 : New South Wales.

White-headed Os{)rey (Fish Hawk).
]\[athews, UnmlUst No. 282.
Range: Australia. Extralimital.

Okdek ST lUG I formes.
F.AMU.v BUBOXIDAE.

Genus ITIITOX.

AinuJ: Hodgson, Madras Joiint. Lit. Sci. vol. v. p. 2'i. 1837.
TyjK' (by orig. desig.) : ^V. nipalensis Hodgson.

376. Ninox boobook boobook.

Slri.c bnnbnnl: Latham, Iiidfj: Oniilh. Sii/jjil. p. .w. 1811 : New .South Wale-s.

Boobook Owl.

Mathews, Ilaii<IUst No. 283 ([)ars).

Range: New South Wales, South <i|iieeiisl;uui.

377. Ninox boobook marmorata.

AlhciK iiuirinorata Gould, Proc. Zoul. Soc. (_Loiul.) 1846. p. 18: South .Vustralia.

Marbled Owl.

Matbews, Handlist No. 283 (pars).

Range : South Austriilia, Victoria.

378. Ninox boobook halmaturina subsii. a.

Kaugaroo Island Boobook Owl.

Ditt'ers from J\'. b. marmorata in its darker reddish-biowu coloration above,
iind the darker burnt-sienna markings on tiie under-surtace resemble in character
those of S. b. boobook rather than those of S. b. marmorata.

Type : Kangaroo Island, No 88'.i.

Range : Kangaroo Island.

379. Ninox boobook maculata.

X'Klita iimcidala Vigors auil Ilorsfiuld, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Loud.) vol. -w. p. 189. 1826 : Tasmaaia.

Spotted Owl.

Mathews, Handlist No. 280.

Ran ire : Tasmania.

( 255 )
380. Ninox boobook ocellata.

Athene nrrlluttt Bonaparte, C'onsji. Gen. Av. vol. i. p. J'J. ISiiO : Pertli, West Australia.

Western Boobook Owl.
Matbews, //a//i/l/s/ No. '28;^ fpiir.s).
Range : Sonth-West Australia.

I have comi)are(l the type with a very line series from West Australia, aud
find it agrees vrith other Xiiiox from South- West Australia.

:iM. Ninox boobook mixta subsp. n.

Pallid Boobook Owl.
Matbews, Handlist No. 285 (pars).

Differs from N. h. hoohooh in its pale coloration and its pale uudorsurface
with faint streaks.

Type: North- West Australia fParry's Creek), No. sO;5.

Range : North- West Australia, Northern Territory (Alexandra).

382. Ninox boobook lurida.

Shmx hiriila D« Vis, Kep. Sri. Exji.-d. N.E. Qneemland. p. 31. 1889 : Bellenden Ker.

North Queensland Boobook Owl.
Mathews, Handlist No. 287.
Range : North Queensland.

383. Ninox connivens connivens.

Fahn enummna Latham, Iiide.r OniHh. Siippl. p. xii. 1801 : New South Wale.i.

Synonyms :
Noctmfrmdala Lesson, Traite d'Orn. p. 106. 1830: New South Wales.
Athene? forth Gould, Synops. Birds Austr. pt. iii. pi. 49. 1838: New South Wales.

Winking Owl.

Mathews, Handlist No. 288.

Range : New South Wales, South Queensland.

384. Ninox connivens suboccidentalis subsp. n.

Allied Winking Owl.
Mathews, Ilaiidli.sf No. 288 (pars).

Dilfers from X. c. connicens in its paler coloration, but not as p;ilf as X c.
ori'iilcntalis, which it most resembles.
Type : Northern Territory, No. 0(J9.
Range : Northern Territory.

385. Ninox connivens occidentalis.

Ninm: cniinivem oeeidenttdlx Ramsay, Prnc. Limi. Snc. N. S. II'. ser. ii. vol. i. p. lOSO. ISSli (1887) :
Derby, North-West Australia.

Western Winking Owl.
Mathews, Handlist No. 280.
Range : North-Wcst Australia.

( 256 )
386. Ninox connivens peuinsularis.

Sinox iKuliimlnrU Salvadori, Ann. Mns. Civ. Geiiov. vol. vii. p. 992. 187.0: Cape York, Queensland.

Cape York Owl.

Matbews, Handlist No. 200.

Kauge : North Queensland.

387. Ninox streuua.

AlheM ? ilreni'i Ooulcl. Si/iinp^. Bird^ .4 Hsir. pt. iii. pi. 49. 1.S3S : New South Wales.

Powerful Owl.

Matliews, Handlist No. '201.

Rauge : Queensland, New South Wales.

388. Ninox rufa rufa.

Alhrne rufa Gould, Pmr. Zool. Soc. (Lonl.) 1841). p. 18: Port Essington, Northern Territory.

Rnfons Owl.

Mathews, IlandliM No. 202.

Range : Northern Territory.

389. Ninox rufa queenslandica.

mnox hnnm-nJh qnpendamlkn Mathews, Bull. linl. Orn. CInb vol. -x.wii. p. 6-'. I'.H 1 ' Mackay,
North Queensland.

Queensland Rnfons Owl.
Mathews, Handlist No. 203.
Range : North Queensland.

F.vMiLY TYTONIDAE.
Genus TTTO.

Tjiln Billberg, '■ S.//«. Faunae Sranrl. i. t.ab. A. IHl'S."
Type (hy nionotypy) : 7'. al/ia fScupdli).

300. Tyto alba delicatula.

Siriv ilelimlnhix Oould, Pi-oc. ZnnI, S",: (Lnnil.) W.W.. p. 140 (18:i7) ; New South Wales.

Lesser Masked Owl.

Mathews, Handlist No. 204 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New Soutli Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

391. Tyto alba alexandrae suhs].. n.

Northern Masked Owl.
Mathews, llandlist No. 294 (pars).

Difters from T. a. delicatula in its sraaller wing — viz. 200 nun. ; typ. liirds,
310—340 mm.

Type : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 910.
Range : Northern Territory, North Queensland,

(257 )
303. Tyto novaehoUandiae novaehoUandiae.

Sli-Lcf niiraehiiVaiiiUtir Stephens, in Shaw's <_!cii. Zool. vol. xiii. pt. ii. p. lil. 182i; : Xew S.iutli
Wales.

Synonyms :

Sti-l.r. i)ermmta Vigors, Prof. Znol. Soe. {Loud.) 1831. p. GO : New South Wales.
tutrix ci/dojK Gould, Pi-i.c. Zoul. Sue. (Loiuf.) 1836. p. 14(1 (1837) : Xew South Wales.

(Jhestiiut-faced C)wl.

Mathews, fhi/if/list No. 2!U").

Range : Qiieeiisland, New South Wales. Victoria, •Soiitii Australia.

393. Tyto uovaehoUandiae castanops.

Strl.r ca.^Uiiinps Goul.1. Pmr. Znol Snc. (Lnml) 18:?l3. p. 140 (1837) : Tasmania.

Masked (Isvl.

MaMiews, llmiilU.-if No. 20fi.

Range : Tasmania.

:'.'.»4. Tyto novaehoUandiae perplexa snbsp. n.

Western Chestniit-faoed Owl.

Mathews, Handlist No. 295 (pars).

Differs from 7'. n. iwr<irI/oU((rifliafi in its larger size and darker coloration.

Type : ^\'est Australia (East Beverley), No. 44S4.

Range : West Australia.

39.3. Tyto novaehoUandiae kimberU snbsp. n.

Pallid Chestnut-faced Owl.

Mathews, Handlist No. 29-5 (pars).

Ditfers from T. n. novaehoUandiae in its much paler coloration and smaller size.

Type: East Kimberley, West Australia, No. 4485.

Range : North- West Australia.

3'.)6. Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa.

SIrlr tmehrlcosiin Gould, Pror. Zool. Soc. (Loiitl.) 1845. p. 80 : New South W.des (Clarence River).
Sooty Owl.

Mathews, Hatidli.st No. 297 (pars).
Range : New Sontii Wales.

307. Tyto tenebricosa multipunctata snbsp. n.

Northern Sooty Owl.
Mathews, Handlist No. 297 (pars).

Differs from 7'. t. tenebricosa in its smaller size and more spotting above
and below. Wing 203 mm. ; typ. w. 290 mm.

Type : Johnston River, North Queensland, No. 4276.
Range : North^Queensland.

( 258 )

398. Tyto tenebricosa magna subsp, n.

Victorian Sooty Owl.
Afathews, Handlist No. 297 (pars).

Differs from T. t. lenrbr/com in its larjicr size, dtirkiT I'nlnratioii mid less
spotting. Wing 343 mm. ; typ. w. 'JOii.
Type : Victoria, No. 4341.
Range : Victoria.

300 . Tyto longimenibvis walleri.

Sli-ijc milliri Digglcs, Oiiiith. AuKtr. vol. i. pi. 14. 1S77 : Brisbane, Qiieensl.ind.

Australian Grass Owl.

Blathews, IlamllisI No. 298.

Range : Queensland, New 8onth Wales.

Order PSLTTACIFOUMES.

Family LORIID.VE.
Genns TRICHOGLOSSUS.

TrichoglosHim Vigors and Horsfield, Triiii. Linn. Soc, {Lojid.) vol. .w. p. 287. 1.S2G.

Type (by orig. desig.) : 7'. Iiaematod/is (Linne).

4iMi. Trichoglossus novaehoUandiae novaehoUandiae.

Psittacus nomehnllandia Gmelin, Si/st. Nal. p. 316. 1788 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

F.iitlaciis multicolor Gmelin, Siist. Nal. p. 328. 1788 : New South W.ales.

Psitlaciia aeniirnlhiris Litham, lii<le.r Oriiilh. vol. i. p. 103. 17'.in : New South Wales.

PMiants ci/anoi/axler Shaw. Gi'n. Znol. vol. viii. pt. ii. p. 413. 1811 : New South Wales.

Trkhofjlossus swiiiiisnnii Jai'diae and Selby, ///us/. Oniilh. vol. iii. pi. 112. 1831 : New South Wales.

Bine-bellied Lorikeet.

Mathews, Handlist No. 30 1 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

4m1. Trichoglossus novaehoUandiae eyrei snbs]i. n.

Southern Bhie-beljied Lorikeet.
Mathews, Handlist No. 301 (pars).

Differs from T. n. nornehollandinr in liaving the bine im the alidomen not so
extensive.

Type : Eyre's Peninsula, Soutli Austnili:!, No. OniiO.
Range : South Australia.

402. Trichoglossus novaehoUandiae colesi.

TrichogloHSiis roISM Le Sourf, Kmn, vol. x. p. 2114. I'.llU : Gladstone, Quionsland.

Allied Lorikeet.

Mathews, Haiulli.st No. 301 (pars).

Range : Mid-Queensland.

( 2.'jf) )
4i»;. Trichoglossus novaehollandiae septentrionalis.

Tri'-liur/lnssHs Hocaehiillandiae subsp. xcjili iilri'nialix Robinann, Ihill. I.irerii. Mi'.<. vol.ii. |.. llfi.
1901) : North Queensland (Cooktown).

NorHierii Blne-liellicd Lonkci'i.
Matliuws, llai/</list No. ;iiC'.
Range : North (,)ueeiisliiiiil.

404. Trichoglossus rubritorquis nibritorquis.

Tiirlinfilnssiix /w/z/v/./n/ii/s Vigni-s :ind Hursfii'lil, Trims. Linn, Siu\ (Lnn.l ) vol xv. p. 201. 1820:
North-We.st Australia.

Red-collared Lorikeet.

Mathews, Hnndliit No. 303.

Range : North- West Australia, Nortliern Territory.

405. Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus chlorolepidotus.

Pitillwus rhinrnleivihim Kulil, Nm: Art. Phijx. Anvl. Lmp. Caml. vol. x. p. 48. 1820: Xew South
Wales.

Synonyms :

T^-lrhuylnxmis ninlniii Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. L'mn. Sor. (Loud.) vol. .xv. p. 291. 182S; New

South Wales.
Australasia viridis Lesson, Trnite d'Ondlh. p. 210. 18.30: New South Wales.

Scalj'-breasted Lorikeet.

Mathews, Ilandlist No. 3o4.

Range : New Sontb Wales, South Queensland.

400. Triclioglossus chlorolepidotus neglectus.

Psilfridrlrx mrjlrctiis Reichenow, Oruith. .]rm,il>:h. .Inhrli. vol. vi. |.. 4. 1898 : North Queensland
(Cairns).

Northern Scaly-breasted Lorikeet.

Mathews, IlaiKllist No. 305.
Range: North Queensland.

407. Trichoglossus versicolor versicolor.

Tr'uhiiijhisxns mrx'imlor Lear, Uhistr. Psitkir. pt. vii. 18.S1 : Cape York, Queensland.

Synonym :
Coinirns luri schUilUttiis Bour.jot. I'l'rrn. pi. ,'i2. 1 8?,7-8 : Cape York.

Varied Lorikeet.

Mathews, llaiullist No. 3oo (pars).

Range : North Queensland.

408. Trichog'lossus versicolor mellori subsp. n.
Northern Varied Lorikeet.
Mathews, Ilam/Usf No. 306 (pars).

Differs from T. v. versicolor in its darker coloration, especially on the head,
cheeks, and breast.

Type: Northern Territory (South Alligator R.), No. 51C,1.
Range : Northern Ti^rritorv.

40NA. Trichoglossus versicolor whitei snbsp. u.
Western Varied Lorikeet.
JIathews, llniidlii^t No. 30G (pars).

Difters from T. r. mellori in having a niiu-li larjri'v liill mikI l<ini;-iT wiii;,'.
Type : Derby, Xortli-West Australia. No. iV.^CU.
Kangc : North-West Australia.

Genus GLOSSOFSITTA.

CInMiijjKilla Bonaparte, lin: Maq. Znol. vol. vi. p. 1J7. ls'i4.
Type (by snbs. desig.) : G. conciima (Shaw).

409. Glossopsitta concinna.

Psiltaciis conrinmia Shaw and H^odder, X,il. Mivtll vol. iii. pi. 87. 1791 : Npw South Wales.

Synonyms :

PsHlnnis (tuatraJh (nee Gmelin) Latlmm. Imhr Onillh. vol. i. p. 104. 1700: Rot.any T5ay.
Pxittacim rubrifrom Bechstein. Knr-c Vebfcs, Tog. p. 84. 1X11 : New South Wales.
Pxittwus i-flaliis Vieillot, .V..w/-. Diet. (l'Hi>:l. Xat. vol. xxv. p. .■!7:i. 1817 : New South Wales.

Mnsk Lorikeet.
Mathews, Handlist No. 3it7.

Range : South Qneeusland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South
Australia.

4111. Glossopsitta porphyrocephala porphyrocephala.

Trirhoglo.ixus /iiirijht/v(icei>lmliix Dietrichsen, Trans. Linn. Sue. {Loud.) vol. xvii. pt. iv. p. 55.'. 1837 :
New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Fxillaai-t jmr/iiire<i (not Jliillei') Dietrichsen, Plnlns. .\fiii/. (new series) vol. .\i. p. 387. 183'J : New

South Wales.
Psillacula Jlorentis Bourjot, Perro. pi. 84, 1837-8 ; New South Wales.

Pnrple-crowned Lorikeet.

Mathews, llaMllist No. 308 (pars).

Range : New South ^VaIes, Victoria, Sonth Australia.

411. Glossopsitta porphyrocephala whitlocki sul)sji. u.

Western Purple-crowned Lorikeet.

Mathews, Handlist No. 308 (pars).

Differs from G. j). porphiirocephuln in its [lalcr coloiMtiDii above and below.

Type: West Australia (Wilson's liilel). No. 47114.

Range : AVest Australia.

41 '.i. Glossopsitta piisilla.

Pk;»«<-i(«^,h.sv7/h.< White, ./</io'/i. V^i)/. Nfn- S'wlli ir.;//.*. p. 262. 17',iO: New South Wales.

Synonym :
Psillaeiis iiKrlmlis Bechstein, Kiir-e L'l-bir.i, Viig. p. 81. 1811 . New South Wales.

Little Lorikeet.

Mathews, Jh/id/i.st Xo. :!0'.).

Ranjie : (Queensland, New Sonlii Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Anstralia,

( 26] )

Family OPOPSITTIDAE.

Genus OPOPSITTA.

Oj>nj»s/Ua Sclater, Pr<,r. Zm,). Sue. (Loml.) IHGl). p. ■227.

Tyi)L' (by iii<)ii(i(y]iy) : (,'. r/io/j/if/ialma Junjiiiiinl and Piichonin.

41;'.. Opopsitta coxeni.

C'l/rlnjmtfa cnxmi Gould, Pmc Z,i„l. Snr, (hnnl.) 18l',7. p. IRl': HrisKine, (JiicpiislaiiH.

Red-taeeil Lorilet.
Mathews, Handlid No. 310.
Range : South Queensland.

414. Opopsitta diopbthalma leadbeateri.

diclnpsilta leadbealeri McCoy, .inn. Mar]. Nal. Hixl. ser. iv, vol, xvi. p. .i4. I>t7'i : Ronkiii'j;liam Biy,
Queensland.

Synonyms :
Cyclojisilta miii-C'iyi Gould, Pi-oi: Znol. Sai: (Lniul.) 187.5. p. 314: Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Cijdnpaitla iiiarleiiiiiinii Ramsay, Proc. Znol. Soc. (Land.) 1875. p. 60:i : Cardwell, Queensland.

Blue-faced Lorilet.

Mathew.s, IhiiuHUt No. ;!11.

Range : North (jiueensland (Rockingham Bay, Johnston River).

iWf. — C'/rl(jj)sitta was introduced by Reichenbach, Si/st. Av. tab. Ixxxii. 18o0,
where figures of a head, tail, wing, and claw are given. It seems to be a composite
effort, as the head most resembles that of Tn'choi/lossn.s rersico/or Lear, the
tail is unlike that of C diophthalma Jacquinot and Pucheran, while the wing
does not seem like that of any of these little parrots. It can certainly not be
used for this genus, and I have rejected it as indeterminable.

Family CACATOIDAE.

Genus SOLENOGLOSSUS.

^i>leniiilln«-ma Ranzani, FAi-m. <li Zool. vol. iii. pt. ii. p. 18. 1821.
Tyjie (by monotjjjy) : S. atemmm (Gmelin).

41. "i. Solenog'lossus aterrimus macg'illivrayi snbsp. n.
Cape York I'iilm ( ockatoo.
Mathews, IhoKllixt No. 312.

Differs from -S'. a. ati'i-rimu.i in its larger size (wing 3.").s mm.), and in lacking
the slaty grey coloration of the crest, ami is a brighter bbck aboYe genernjiy.
Type: Cape York, North Queensland, No. UTl.
Range : North Queensland.

Xnte.—Psittacus (iterrimus Gmelin, S'/st. \(it. p. 33(1. 1788, is founded on
Edwards, Gleanings Xat. Hist. vii. p. 229 (1764); and though Gmelin gives as
habitat "In Nova Hollandia " there can be little doubt that no specimen had at that
time reached Enmpe from Cape York, its only Australian locality. Edwards states

( 262 )

tliiit it oanip fniin the Kast Indies, and rocwiit authors have (|noted New Gniaea as
tlu; main habitat of P. atenimus. As it wouhl appear tiiat there arc several sub-
species eoufused under that sjiecies name, I select as tlie type locality of (Jmelin's
/'. afernmus Salwatty, a locality where the species commonly occnrs. aiul one from
which it mi-jlit Inxve been brought to Europe in the late eighteenth century.

Family CALYPTORHYNCHUS.
Cafiiplorhi/iickiis Vigors and Horsfield, Tmm. Linn. Sue. (Lum!.) vol. xv. ]\ il]'.). IS'.'i;.
Type (by subs, desig.) : C. hanhsii (Latham).

410. Calyptorhynchus baudinii.

Cdhipti.rhiiiirluiH hiiirliiiii Lear, IVti^tr. P-itliir. pt. xii. 1MM2 ; Scmth-\Ve!>t Australia.

AVhite-tailed Cockatoo.
Mathews, IIiiii<llist No. 31:5.
Range : West Australia.

417. Calyptorhynchus funereus funereus.

P.^iltiiriix fiiiiereiix Sliiiw and Xodder, Xat. ilixivU. vol. vi. pi. \f>'n. 17114 : New South Wales.

Black Cockatoo.

Mathews, Handlist No. 314 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

4 is. Calyptorhynchus funereus xanthauotus.

(■ali/jil,,rli!iiir/,ii.< .niiilli,(w:liiM Gould, S.(/h'7k. Binl^- Aii.ili: pt. iv. .Vpp. p. .''). 1H:W: Tasm:iniii.

Tasnianian Black Cockatoo.

Mathews, llniullist No. 314 (pars).

Range : Tasraariia, Victoria, South Australia.

419. Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii.

P.iillwui hanhsii Latham, Imle.c Oniilh. vol. i. p. 107. 1790: New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Pnillaru^ m.iiiiiiifi''iii Sliaw, Nal. .Wiscell. vol. ii. pi. 50. 171)0 : New South W A s.
I'siltm-ui aiokii Temminck, Tram. Linn. Sor. (Limd.) vol. xiii. p. 111. 1X21 : Tort Jackson.
PmIIiicux Im-liii Kiihl, Nni: An. Phi/x. .Xmd. L-np. Ciml. vol. x. p. HI. IH'i ) : N'ew South Wales.
Biinkniantin atislmlin Lesson, Traile d'Oniith. p. 180. ISSO: New South W'.iles.

Banksian Cockatoo.
Mathews, Jlandliat No. 31.").
Range : New South Wales.

4:io. Calyptorhynchus banksii northi subsp. n.

Northern Bauksian Cockatoo.

Mathews, HaiaUist No. 31 (J (pars).

Differs from ('. b. banksii in its smaller si/e : wing 400 mm.

Type : Queensland.

Range: Norlli Queensland.

( 263 )
421. Calyptorhynchus banksii macrorhynchus.

Cah/jiliii-lif/iirlnis iKiunirlii/iirliiis Gould, /'/■.«•. Xno/. S,,r.(L<)nil.) 184'_'. p. i:5H (IHlii): Port Essiugton,
Northern Territory.

(ireat-liilleil (Jockahio.

MatliL'ws, HidixlU.ft No. 310 (i)ars).

Uauge : Northern Territory, North- West Auslralia.

422. Calyptorhynchus banksii stellatus.

CalijiiiiirhiinchuH slellalas Wagler, Alihaifll. At. ]Vissen.ii-h. Miim-li. vol. i. p. GH.i. 1832: West
Australia.

S3"nonym :

Caliij>lnrlnj)u:hiis naso Gould, Pruc. Zonl. Sue {Lninl.) 1831). p. lOG (1837): SwaTi llivur (West
Australia).

Hed-tailed Cockatoo.
Mathews, Ilaiidlist No. 317.
Range : West Australia.

423. Calyptorhynchus viridis viridis.

Oicatua ciridis Vieillot, Nouo. Did. d llist. Sat. vol. xvii. p. l.i. 1817 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

I'tillarus Ifinmi/ikii Kuh!, .V««. Act. Plnju. Ar.ad. Leiip. C'luvl. vol. x. p. 8'.). 1820 : New South Wales.
I'xitlnaii snlandii Temmiack, Trails. Liiiii. Sue. (Loiul.) vol. xiii. p. 113. 1821 : Port Jackson.

Glossy Cockatoo.

Mathews, Ilaiullist No. 318 (pars).

Range: Qiieeuslanil, New South Wales, Victoria.

424. Calyptorhynchus viridis halmaturinus sulisp. n.

Kangaroo Island Glossy Cockaton.

Mathews, llandlht No. 318 (pars).

Differs from C. c. riridis in having mnch more yellow on the head.

Tyije: Kangaroo Island, No. It'Ji).

Range : Kangaroo Island.

Genus CALLOCEFHALON.

CaUii/e/ih'dua Lm-sou, .fount, aid. (ilohc Tliclis, vol. ii. p. 311. 1837.

Type (by moniit\jiy): C. yali><(tam (Latham).

42y. Callocephalon galeatum.

PuilkKim i/almtiis Lltham, /wif.i. Orndli. ■•<ii/i/il. p. xxiii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
PxiUacuH fimhrialas Grant, Navi: Voy. Dhcm: pi. in p. 135. 1803: Victoria.
I'sttUiciix pltiieninireji/iidiii Kuhl, Nov. Act. Pliy.i. Acnd. Lcoii. C'arul. vol. x. p. 88. 1820: New

South Wales.
Callocrjihaluii amlrule Lossoa, Juiini. ant. tjrlube Thetis, vol. ii. p. 311. 1837 : New South Wales.

Gang-gang Cockatoo.

Mathews, llaiHlU^t No. 31'J.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.

( '^'64 )

Genns CACATOES.
Cacatoes Dameril, Zoal. Aiiali/I. p. .'lO. IHOii.

Type: il designate) C. galerita i Latbamj.

4:26. Cacatoes galerita galerita.

Psiltaviis gahrlinx Latham, Twlex (Iniilli. vol. i. p. lu'.i. IT'.H): Xew Soutli \V:ilos

White Cockatoo.

Matliews, Handlist No. 320 (pars).

Kaiiire: Xew Sonth Wales, Victdria.

427. Cacatoes galerita licmetorhyncha.

J'li/rl,,l„jjlii(s lii-metiirhi/Hchus l!ouai>arte, CvinjiUs Jicmliis tS,7. (I'mis) vol. .\xx. p. I'.VX IW.'iO :
Tasmania.

Tasinanian White ('ockatoo.
Matliews, llaKdlist No. 3:.M.I (^pavs;.
Range : Tasmania.

428. Cacatoes galerita fitzroyi snlisp. u.
AVesteru White Cockatoo.
Jlathews, Handlist No. 32U (pars).

Ditiers from i\ y. i/ulerita in having no vclldw on tlie ear-ovcits, tlie eve-
space bluish, and in having a mnch more massive bill.

Type: Fitzroy Hiver, Xorth-West Anstralia, No. 9376.
Range: North-West Anstralia.

429. Cacatoes galerita queenslandica snlisj). n.
Little White Cockatoo.
Mathews, Handlist No. 32o (pars).

Differs from (\ g. ya.leritu in its sni;\llcr size. Wing: J 323 mm. Typ.
av. 35(1 mm.

Type : North Queensland (Cooktown), No. 4323.
Range : North Queensland.

430. Cacatoes leadbeateri leadbeateri.

I'li/ilnlii/iltiix leadbeateri Vigors, I'me. Zm>l. .s'oc. (Lnml,) 1831. [i. lit : Nuw Soutli Wales.
iSynonym :

PlijrIulnjiliHx rnjIliniiiliiHx Swaiiisou, CUfsif. Birds, vol. ii. p. Wl. 1837 : Xt-w Soutli W'alus.

I'iiik Cockatoo.

Mathews, //imdlisf No. 321 ('pars).

Range: New Sonth AVales, Vicluria, Sduih Australia..

431. Cacatoes leadbeateri mungi snbsji. n.

Pallid Pink Cockatoo.

Mathews, Handlist No. 321 (pars).

Differs from C. I. leadbeateri in its paler coloration and smaller size.

Tyjic : North-West Australia (Mungi), No. 1)374.

Raiige : Interior North-West Australia.

43-!. Cacatoes leadbeateri mollis sulisp. n.

Western Pink ('ockati)O.

Mathews, Jhndlist No. 321 (pars).

Differs from C. I. leadbeateri in lacking the yellow coloration of the cirist, and
ill having deeper coloration on the under-snrface, and on the inner webs of the
primaries.

Type: West Australia, No. .517(1.

Hauge : West Australia.

433. Cacatoes sanguiuea sauguiuea.

Ciiniliiii sdiii/uliien Gould, Pmc. Zool. Soc. {Loud.) 1842. p. 138 (1843): North Coast Australia
(Xorthern Territory).

Blood-stained Cockatoo.

Mathews, Handlist No. 323 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, New South Wales, South Australia.

434. Cacatoes sanguiuea distincta subsp. n.

Large Bare-eyed Cockatoo.

Mathews, Handlist No. 323 (i)ars).

Differs from C. s. samjuinea m its much superior size. The ty])e of C. s. mn-
yaiiiea has the wing 259 mm. Birds from Port Essiiigton and also Alexandra
agree in this measurement, all unsexed. The males in this species are larger than
the females, and these give in C. s. disti/iefa c? wing 31i.l, ? 290.

Type: Northern Territory (Alligator lliver, (JO miles inland), No. 5171.

Range : Northern Territory (Interior).

435. Cacatoes sanguinea subdistincta subsp. n.

North- Western Bare-eyed (Jockatoo.

Mathews, Ilandli>st No. 323 (pars).

Differs from (7. s. distincta ia its smaller si/.e, but still absolutely larger
than C. s. sanguinea : S 292, ? 269-78. C. .s. yi/innopis from Interior South
Australia gives wing S 264-5, ? 252-4.

Type: North-West Australia (Parry's (Jreek), No. 1002.

Range : North-West Australia.

430. Cacatoes sanguiuea gymnopis.

C'li'itliiii ;/f/iiuiiijiis Solater. Prnr. /inul. Sue, (Lund.) 1871. p. 4y.'i ; luturior Soutli Australia.
Bare-eyed Cockatoo.
Mathews, Handlist No. 322.
Range: Interior South Australia, West iVustralia.

437. Cacatoes roseicapilla roseicapilla.

Camlua roeeicajiilla Vieillot, Xauc. Dirt il'llisl. Sitl. vol. .Kvii. p. I'J. 1SI7: Xuw .Soutli Wales.

Synonyms :

Puittacus eos Kuhl, Nui\ Act. Phijs. Aead. Laip. Cand. vol. x, p. H.S. 1820- Xew .Sjuth Wales.
CaaUiia. rosea Vieillot, Gnlevie d' Oh. pi. 'J.""). 18:il : New South Wales.

Rose-breasted Cockatoo (Galah).

Mathews, Handlist No. 324 (pars).

Range: (Queensland, New Sonth Wales, South Austnib'a.

( 266)

4;3t^. Cacatoes roseicapilla kuhli subsp. m.
Ncirtlicrii Rose-breastod Cockatoo.
JIatliews, Handlist No. 324 (pars).

Differs from C. r. roseicapilla in its smaller size, ami jialur coloration above
ami below. Wing 2o5 mm.

Tvpe : Northern Territory, No. olT4.
Range : Northern Territory.

43'.i. Cacatoes roseicapilla assimilis snbsii. u.

Westralian Rose-breasted (Jockatoo.
Mathews, llaiidlist No. 324 (jiars).

Difters from C. r. rnseicapilln in its paler (•.(ilnr.ilidii above ami billow, Ijiit
larger than C. r. kuhli : wing 262 mm.

Type : West Australia (Laverton), No. 383y.
Range : Mid-Westralia.

4411. Cacatoes roseicapilla derbyana subsp. n.
Pallid Rose-breasted Cockatoo.
Mathews, Haiullist No. 324 (pars).

Differs from ('. r. assimilis iu its very light grey coloration above, and its pale,
scarcely pink, coloration below. A very distinct form.
Type : Nortli-West Australia (Derby), No. S.so2.
Range: North-West Australia.

Genus LICMETIS.

Limiiflis Wagler, Abhandl. Ak. Wissen. Miinch. vol. i. p. 505. 1S3"2.
Type (by monotypy) : L. tenuirostris (Kuhl).

441. Licmetis tenuirostris tenuirostris.

l^nittacm tenuirostris Kuhl, Xor. Art. Phi/s. Acail. Liiqi. Cnrul. vul. .\. p. Mb. IHJO ; Xe«- S.jUth
Wales.

Synonym :

I'siltiutis misiciis Toininiiick. Trans. Linn. Sue. (Lmid.) vol. xiii. p. 1 1 J. 1821: i'oit I'lulip
(Victoria).

Long-billed ttockatoo.

Mathews, llaiidlist No. 325.

Range : New Soutli Wales, Victoria, South Anstralia.

4 42. Licmetis tenuirostris pastinator.

Lkinelis jiustinatur Gould, I'roc. Zoul. So,-. (ImhiI.) I.S40. p. 17.0 {\>^\\} : Wunturri Australia.

Western Cockatoo.
Mathews, Handlist No. 326.
Range: West Australia.

Genns LEFTOLOFHUS.

Leplolophus Swainson, Zool. Illus. ser. ii. pi. 112. 18J:i-j
Type (by monotypy) : L. auricomis Swainsou.

( 267 )
443. Leptolophus auricomis auricomis.

Lcpiolvplitis auricomis Swaiason, ZvnL llUts. ser. ii. pt. 112. 1832-3; New South Wales.
Syuouyius :

PsIlUims iiofadwllaniliw Gmulin, Si/st. Mat. p. 328. 1788 (not of Gmulin, p. 31G) : New South

Wales.
Caliijisitta (Jill/ Lesson, Illiis. Zoul. pis. 4'J, 50. 1835 ; New South Wales.

(.lockatoo Parrot.

Mathews, Handlint No. 327 (|iars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

444. Leptolophus auricomis pallescens Mibsp. n.

Pale Cockatoo Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 327 (pars).

Differs from L. a. auricomis iu its paler coloration above and below.

Type : West Australia (East Murchison), No. 3874.

Range : Mid-Westralia.

445. Leptolophus auricomis iutermedius snlisp. n.

Intermediate Cockatoo Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 327 (pars).

Differs from L. a. auricomis in its much paler coloration below, but not much
paler above, though darker than 7.. a. i/allcsccn^.

Type : North-West Australia (Pt. Torment), No. S7.5'J.
Range : North- West Australia.

446. Leptolophus auricomis obscurus snbsp. m.

Northern Cockatoo Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 327 (pars).

Differs from L. a. auricomis in its darker coloration above, especially on the
back and neck.

Type: Northern Territory (A le.xaudraj, No. Ittl3.
Range : Northern TeiTitory, Northern Suutli Australia.

Genus FOLYTELIS.

Puli/tdis Wagler, Abhaitdl. Ak. Wimcn. Miuicli. vol. i. p. 48',i. 1832.
Ty[)e (hy mouotypy) : i^. swainsonii (Desinarestj.

447. Polytelis swainsonii.

Psittacus suoainsoiiii Desmarest, Did. Hui. Nat. vol. x.xxix. p. 3'J. 182G : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Psitlacus hanahiiiiili (not Kuhl) Swuiuson, /ijnl. Illiis. vol. i. pi. o'J. 1821 : Now South Wales.
Palaeuniis f rnsweiis Vigors, Znul. Juiini. vol v. p. 274. XX'il : New South Wales.

Green Leek.

Mathews, Handli'st No. 328.

Range : New ISoutU Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

19

( 268 )
u>. Polytelis authopeplus.

Piilueoriiis until npijiliia Lear, llluslr. Psitlac. pt. viii. 1831 : New Soulli Wales.

Synonym :

Ptihteornis melanura Lear, JlCnslr. Psitlur. pt. .xii. 1832: Xcw South Wales.

Black-tailed Parrot.

JIatliews, J/>in</l/.sf No. 32!).

Range: New South ^\'ales, Victoria, South Australia.

44'.i. Polytelis alexandrae.

Poli/leltx alf.raiulme Gould, Pruc. Z„ol. Soc. {Loml.) 1863. p. 23J : How 11 ,- I'ducI. <;i;iitril
Australia.

Ale.xaudriue Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 330.
llange : Central Australia.

Genns AFROSKtlCTUS.

A^.nii.iiklns Gould, Proc. Zoul. Soc. {Lnnrl.) 18i-'. p. 111.

Type (by subs, desig.) : ^1. erythroptfrus (Giuolia).

4.JU. Aprosmictus erythropterus erythvopterus.

P.iillwu>s erijthrujjtertis Gm-lin, S;/il. Xal. p. 343. 1788 ; New South Wales.

Synonym :
PsillaiMis melanoiiis Shaw, Nat. ilUcM. vol. .vvi. pi. 653. 1805: New Soutli Wales.

Red-wiuged Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 331 (pars).

Range: New South AValcs, Queenshiud.

451. Aprosmictus erythropterus coccineopterus.

Plislen uucjiiieopterus Gould, llnmlli. ISinh .[nnti: vol. ii. p. 3'J. Isii'i; I'oi-t EsMiigtou, Xorthern
Territory.

(Vimsou-wiugcd Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 331 (par>).
Range: Northern Territory.

452. Aprosmictus erythropterus parryeusis suhsp. u.

Western Red-wiuged Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 331 (pars).

Differs from A. e. coccineopterus iu its larger size, with less black ou the upper
surface, and has the head paler.
Wing 193—195 mm.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. bM2.
liauirc : North- West Australia.

( 2(50 )
453. Aprosmictus cyanopygius cyanopygius.

PsHlacus cyaiinpDijius Vieillot, Xuiiv. Diet. d'Uist. Nat. vol. x.w. p. '.i'A'J. 1817 ; New South Wales.

Synon3'm :

PxlUai-us saqmlatuH Kuhl, Nov. Ad. Pliijs. Acad. Leap. Carol, vol. x. p. 56. 182(J: New South
Wales.

King Parrot.

Mathews, IlandUst No. 332 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, t^outh Queensland.

Noti'. — Aprosmictus in.v<jiiis.'iiitius Gould, Pivc. Zool. Soc. {Loud.) 1874. p. ■")Ihi,
I'roio Darling Downs, Queensland, is a hybrid.

4.)4. Aprosmictus cyanopygius ueglectus subsp. n.
Victorian King Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 332 (pars).
Differs from ^1. c. cyanopijgias in its larger size.
Type : Victoria, No. 5930.
Range : Victoria.

455. Aprosmictus cyanopygius minor.

Alisterus ei/aiiojii/giHs minor Mathews, Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 23. 1911 : Cairns, North Queensland.

Little King Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 332 ((lars).
Range : North Queensland.

Genus FLATTCEBCUS.

Plattjcercns Vigors and Horsfield, Tranx. Linn. Sor. {I,<iiiil.) vol. xv. p. 278. 1826.

Type (by orig. desig.) : P. elegans (Ginelin).

456. Platycercus elegans elegans.

Palltaaoi elegans Gmelin, Si/st. Nat. p. .318. 178H : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Psittacus i>enimntii Latham, Index Ornith. vol. i. p. 90. 1790: New South -Wales.
Psitlaciis gloriuxus Shaw, Nat. iriscell. vol. ii. pi. .5!. 1791 : New South Wales.
Paitlocim xplendidiis Shaw, Lever J/«.i. pt. i. p. 27 pi. 7. 1792 : New South Wales.

Crimson Parrot.

Matiiews, Handlist No. 334 (pars).

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

457. Platycercus elegans nigrescens.

Plali/cercun jjennaitlii va,r. nigrcsi-ens Ramsay, Tab. Li^t .lu.ilr. Birds p. Si. 1888: Bellendeu Ker,
Queensland.

Northern Crimson Parrot.
Mathews, llandli.<it No. 335.
Range : North Queensland.

( 270 )
458. Platycercus elegans melaaopterus.

Pliili/rrifK-' iifliiiiiijilera North, Eniu. val. vi. p. 7s, rjO'i : Kangaroo Island.

Kangaroo Island Crimson Parrot.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

4.30. Platycercus elegans victoriae snbsii. n.

VictoriiiM Crimson I'iirrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 334 (pars).

DitFers from P. e. elegans in the ilocjicr, dnller red, csjirciully noliceablo
on tlie rnrap and under-snrface, and iu the more extensive lihuk markings on
the back.

Type : Victoria, No. '.I37.i.

Range : Victoria.

460. Platycercus elegans adelaidae.

Plahjcercn . vlclaidae Gould, Prui;. Zoul. Sot: (Land.) 18411. p. Itil (1841; : South Austnila.

A'K laide Rosalia.

Mathews, Handlist No. 336 (pars).

Range : Sonth Anstvalia (Adelaide).

46UA. Platycercus elegans subadelaidae subsp. ii.

Allied Rosella.

Mathews, Hamllist No. 336 (pars).

Difl'ers from P. e. adelaidae in being less brilliant Iil'Iuw and in having less
red on the crown.

Type : Port Angnsta, South Anstralia, No. 9896.
Range : Port Angnsta, Sonth Anstralia.

461. Platycercus flaveolus flaveolus.

Pluti/cercKsJiaiV'ihi.t (Jould, Proc. Zoiil. Sue. (^hniil.) \XM, p. 2lj : New South Wa'cs.

Yellow Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 337 (pars).

Range: New Sonth Wales, Victoria.

46~. Platycercus flaveolus innominatus subsp. u.

Pale Yellow Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 337 (j)ars).

Differs from /'. /. flaceolus in its paler coloration, I'spccially noticeable on
the head ami riimj), altogether lacking the green tinge eharaeteristiu of the
typical form.

Type: South Anstralia, No. 1056.

Range : Sonth Australia.

( '^'1 )

403. Platycercus caledonicus.

Psiltacus caledonicus Gmelin, Sifal. Xnl. p. 328. 1788 : Tasmania.
Syuonynis :

Psittaciis brownii KuliI, Xur. Act. PInjx, Acad. Lenp. Qinil. vol. x. p. ,5lj. 1820 : Tasmania.
l'xilllti'iisfi(rii/iixl,r Temminck, Tniiis. Linn. Sue. (f.nnil.) vol. xiii. p. 110. 1821 : Tasmania.
Psillacux flaricfnti-iii id., ili. p. 117 : Tasmania.
Platycercus xantlinf/ustcr Stephens, in Shaw's lien. Zunt. .\iv. p. 120. 182G: Tasmania.

Green Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 338.
Range : Tasmania.

]\'oti\ — Though Gmelin described this bird as from New ( 'aledonia, tliere
is no donl)t that this identity is absolutely correct and that tiio bird came from
Tasmania, its only habitat.

464. Platycercus adscitus adscitus.

Psitlacus adscitus Latham, Inde.r Ornilh. vol. i. p. 12li. 1790: Cooktown, Qneenslaui).

BIne-cheekeil Parrot.

Mathews, ll,ii,(Hi>it No. 340 (pars).

Range : Qneensland (f 'oolttown to Mackay).

465. Platycercus adscitus palliceps.

Plalifcerrm pnUiceps Lear, Illnstr. PsiUac. pt. xii. 1832: New South Wales.

Pale-beaded Parrot.
Mathews, HaiKllisf No. 339.
Range : New South Wales.

460. Platycercus adscitus amathusiae.

Plati/cercns nmalhiisiae Bonaparte, Cuniples Rindns Sci. (Paris), vol. xxx. p. 13.3. 1850: Cape York,
Queensland.

Synonym :

Platycercus cyanogenys Gould, Proc. Zool. Snc. (Lund.) IK>!'). p. IfiG : Cape York, Queensland

Northern Blue-cheeked Parrot.
Mathews, Hrnicllist No. 340 (pa.rs).
Range : North Queensland (Gape York).

407. Platycercus adscitus elseyi snbsji. n.

Grey-rnmped Parrot.

Differs from P. a. amathusiae, in its paler rump.
Type : Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, No. 9867.
Range: Interior of Queensland.

Xote. — Salvadori dismissed P. ai/scifu.s as indeterminable after trying to fi.^ it
on P. palliceps Vigors and Horstield, but in just the characters wherein /'. palliceps
failed to fulfil the descrii)tion the form from Cooktown agrees. It was described
as the " Blue-cheeked Parrot " by Latham, the very name chosen by the A.O.U.
Vernac. Comm. for the Cape York form, and it would appear to have been brought
back by Captain t'ook and obtained near Cooktown.

( 2-2 )
468. Platycercus venustus venustus.

Psill(iru.-< i-fiiHslus Euhl, Nov. Act. Phij.1. Acad. Leap. Carol, vol. x. p. 52. 18'2i ) : Arnhem Laad,
Northeru Territory.

S3'nonym :

Pxillaciix hrowiiii (not Kuhl) Ti'inminck, TnuK. I. inn. Sm; (/../»</.) vol. xiii. p. 110. 18'_'1 : Aruhem
Land. Northern Territory.

Smutty Parrot.

Mathews, llaiulli.'it No. 344 (pars).

Range : Xortliprn Territory.

4fi9. Platycerms venustus hilli.

Phili/rercii!: veiiiislus hilli Mathews, Hull. Bril. (ini. C'luh. vol. xxvii. p. 'JS. I'.UII: Napipr Rrnnme
Bay, North-West Australia.

Western Smutty Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. '341 (paTs).
Range : Nortli-West Australia.

Sotf. — ri<iti/ci'rrn.<i cn/tliropeplus Ralvadori, Prnr. Xonl. Sof. (I.oikI.) 1891.
p. 130 (Australia), Mathews, IIai,(Ui.^t No. 342, is a hybrid.

470. Platycercus eximius eximius.

Psitiacus eximim Shaw, Nat. Miscell. vol. iii. pi. 'J'^. 17'.I2 : Xew South AVales.

Synonyms :
Pxittacus nonpareil Perry, Arcana, March 1810: New South Wales.
Psittacus capitatus! Shaw, Gen. Ziwl. vol. viii. pt. ii p. 461!. 1811 : New South Wales.
Pxittacus omnieolor Bechstein, Kurze Uelerx, Viig. p. ()8. 1811 : New South Wales.

Rosella.

Mathews, IlandUst No. 343 (jiars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria.

Note. — Plati/cercus masterttiainis Ramsay, I'roc. Linn. Soc. N.S. ft', vol. ii.
p. 27. 1877 (Interior N.S.W.), Mathews, Handlist No. 34o, is based on a hybrid
(fide North Austi: Mits. Spec. Cat. No. 1. vol. iii. p. 125. 1911).

471. Platycercus eximius diemenensis.

Plali/cerciis diemeneimix North, Aiislr. .Mas. Spec. Cutal. No. 1. vol. iii. p. 12S. I'.Hl : Tasmania.

Tasmanian Rosella.

Mathews, Ilnndlist No. 343 (pars).

Range : Tasmania.

472. Platycercus eximius cecilae.

Platycercus cecilae Mathews, Nor. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 14. I'.Hl : Dai ling Downs, Queensland.
Synonym :

Platycercus splendlilus (not Shaw) GouM, Pmc. Zool. Soc. (Lonil.) 1845. p. 105: Darling Downs,
Queensland.

Yellow-mantled Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 344.

Range : South Queensland, New Sdiitli Wales.

(273)
473. Platycercus icterotis icterotis.

Psiaafu--< 'icterot'ls Kuhl, Nnr. Art. Phu^. Arail. Lfop. Carol, vol. x. p. 54. 1820 : Shark's Bay , We.s
Australia.

Synoiiym.s :
Pliiti/ivrcun xtanlnjii Vigors, Zanl. Jniim. vol. v, p. 273. IS.^0 : Shark's Bay, West Australia.
Plahjci'rrus xaiithnr/i-iii/s Salvailori, /'/vie. Znnl S"<'. (Lnml.) 1891. 'p. 129: I'ciint Cloates, West
Australia.

Re<l-iu,antled Pavrot.

Mathews, Ilandiist No. 347 (par.s).

Range: Mid-We.stralia.

474. Platycercus icterotis salvadori snhsp. n.
Yellow-cheeked Parrot.
Mathews, HatuUist No. 34() (pans).

Differs from P. i. icterotis in having less red on the maiitli'.
Type : Wilson's Inlet, No. 4858.
Range: Sonth-West Anstralia.

475. Platycercus icterotis whitlocki snbsp. n.
Dnndas Yellow-cheeked Parrot.
Mathews, IlnmHist No. 340 (pars).

Differs from P. i. icterotis in its smaller size (wing 134 mm.), and mnc.h less
hlne on the wings, and the red on the head less brilliant.

Type : Lake Dundas, south-east of West Anstralia, No. 5158.
Range : South-east of West Australia.

47(). Platycercus barnardi barnardi.

PUthj.-ercMi hiiniariU Vigors anrl IIirsfieM, Traa». L'nia. Sur. (Loinl.) vol. xv. p. 28,3. 1826: New
South W.-iles.

Synonym :
Ptanwriliux lijpinis Bonaparte, Rfc. .l/./y. Zoul. p. 15.'?. 1854 : New South Wales.

Mallee Parrot.

Mathews, ffmir/tist No. 340.

Range: South Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Anstralia.

477. Platycercus barnardi whitei sulisp. n.
Flinders Range Parrot.
.Miifhews, llanilliaf No. 340 (pars).

Differs from /'. h. Imrnardi in having the head, from tlie red forelieixd band to
the yellow collar, nnifonu dark brown.

Type : Ulo<doo, FliTulers Range, Sduth Australia, No. 5409.
Range: South Australia (Flinders Range).

478. Platycercus barnardi augustus subsp. u.
Port Augusta Parrot.
Mathews, Hau/Ui.ft No. 340 (pars).

Differs from P. h. ivhitei in having a green, not blue, back.
Type : Port Augusta, South Australia, No. 9902.
Range : Port Augusta, South Australia.

( i^74 )
470. Platycercus barnardi macgillivrayi.

Phili/rfrciiM inacr/ilUerayi North, Viet. NtitumVst, vol. xvii. p. in. I'.KIU: Burke District. Xorth
Queensland.

Clonciirry Parrot.
MathewR, ITavdlist Xo. 35:5.
Range: North Qneenslaiid.

48(1. Platycercus zonarius zonarius.

P.iittanis -iima-iu.i Shaw, Nut. .^fixedl. vol. .xvi, pi. G.'.T fi;.">8]. l.Sii.', : Port Lincnln. South Australia.

Synonyms :

PsUtaciis rlriilU (not Perry) Shaw, Gen. Xtml. vol. viii. pt. ii. p. 465. 1812 : Port Lincoln.
P.<illacu!! (•ynnomehix Knhl, -V-.r. .\el. Phy^. ArmJ. Lp„ik Oirol. vol. x. p. .'ilS. 1820 : Port Lincoln.
PsHtacus melfimrfjihn!ii.< id., ih. : Port Lincoln.

Paitlacus baueri Temminck, Tratif:. Liim. Sm: (Lnml.) vol. xiii. p. 118. 1821 : Memory Cove, South
Australia.

Yellow-banded Parrot.
Mathews, Hahdlist No. 351.
Range: Sontli An.stralia.

4S]. Platycercus zonarius semitorquatus.

P.fUtucm nemlliinjiialus Quoy et Gaimard, Vny. ,/,. VAdrol. Znol. vol. i. p. iAl. 18:i0 : King
George's Sound, West Australia.

Synonym :

Psittaciis mertihdbarboliis Bourjot, Pn-iu. pi. 40. 18:^7-8: King George's Sound, West Australia.

Yellow-collared Parrot.
Mathews, HaniUist No. 350.
Range : Sontli-AVest An.stralia.

48','. Platycercus zonarius dundasi snbsp. n.

Lake Dnndas Yrllow-rollarcd Parrot.
Slatliew.s U(in,Hi.'<t Xo. S.")! (])ai-s).

iJiticr.-i from /'. :. si'milnnin<(tui< in lai king the red IVontal band ; and from
P. z. zonarius in tkc di'c]) green on the n])j)er surface.
Type : Lake Dniidas, West Australia, No. niliO.
Range: County Dnndas, West Australia.

483. Platycercus zonarius conuectens subsj). n.

Murehison Yellow-banded Parrot.
Matliews, JIamUixt No. 353.

Differs from P. z. occidentalis in having the rump uniform with the back ; the
yellow band on the abdomen more distinet, but not as bright as in /'. z. zonnriu.'i.
Type : Ea.st Murehison, West Australia, No. 38TU.
Range : Mid Westralia.

(275)
484. Platycercus zonarius occidentalis.

rialycercus orrkhiihilis North, Itecimh Aiistr. Mnx. vol. ii. p. 8.S. 1893: Roebiirne, Nortli-West
Australia.

Northern Yellow-bauded Parrot.
Mathews, UandbM No. :552.
Range : North-\V^'st Australia.

Genus PtTBPUREICEPHALUS.

Purpnrev-eiihahis Bonaparte, l!ir. May. Znnl. vol. \i. p. 1'):!. 1H,',4.
Type (by iiionot.ypy) : /■■. spurius (Knhl).

485. Purpureicephalus spurius.

PsitUicus Kjmrius Kuhl, Nor. An. Phijs. .Imd. Leop. Carol, vol. x. p. 5i. 1820: Albiny, Siutli-
West Australia.

Synonyms :
Platycercus pileatut: Vigors, Zool. Joiirii. vol. v. p. 274. 1830: Albany.
Psittacus (Plali/cerciis) pwrjiin-eocephalas Quoy et Gaimard. Voy. de I'Astrol. Zool. vol. i. p. 235.

1830: Albany.
Platycerru.i rii/ifn,,,-, Lesson, Traite d'Oni. p. 208. 1830 : Albany.

Red-capped Parrot.
Mathews, Ilnndlist No. 348.
Range : South- West Australia.

Genus FSEFHOTUS.

PsepholuH Gould, Birds Austr. vol. v. pi. 36. 1845.

Type (by monotypy) : P. haematonotus Gould.

48(1. Psephotus haematogaster haematogaster.

Platycercus haemulnijuster Gould, Pror. Zool. Soc. {Land.) 1837, p. 89 : New South Wales.

Crimson-bellied Parrot.

Mathews, IlumlUst No. 354.

Range: South Queensland, New South Wales.

487. Psephotus haematogaster xanthorrhous.

Psephotus xaiithorrhia Bonaparte, Comptes Rrmlus Sri. {Paris), vol. .xxx. p. 133. 1850: New
South Wales.

Yellow-vented Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 355.
Range : New South Wales.

488. Psephotus haematogaster alter subsp. n.

Green-vented Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 355 (pars).

Differs from /'. h. .rantli(irrko>is in its much larger size, and in having the
under tail-ooverts greenish yellow.
Type : Victoria, No. 1139.
Range : Northern Victoria.

( 2:fi )
4s0. Psephotus haematogaster pallescens.

Psfpliotus xaiilhorrhous var. palUsceim Salvador!, Gil. IJirih linl. .\hn. vol. xx. p. rdi;?. ISitl :
Cooper's Creek, South Australia.

Pallid Yellow-vented Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 356.
■Range : Sonth Australia (Interior).

.\'ot)\ — For this species can be nscd the genns name Northiella (imv.) by those
wlio admit the geuns Siiathopfeniii. In both srxi'x tlie tirst five ]jrimaries are
elongated into a spatnlate termination, a feature which is i|iiitc missing in tlie type
of Psi'iihfltxs, P. hnnmitnnotns Gould.

4011. Psephotus pulcherrimus.

Plalijcernia pulrherrimuo Gould, Ann. Mug. Sal. Ilisl. viil.'xv. p. 11.'). ISt.T : Darling Downs,
Queensland.

Beautiful Parrot.

Mathews, fJdiirlli.ft No. 3ii7.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

491. Psephotus chrysopterygius chrysopterygius.

Pxeiiholux clini>>iijil,-ri/f/iiiii Gould, Piuc. Zuul. Sue. {Lund.) 1857. p. 2:iO (18o8) ; Interior Gulf of
Carpentaria, Queensland.

Golden- shouldered Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 359.
Range : Queensland.

492. Psephotus chrysopterygius dissimilis.

Pxephrjtiis (ii.tsiiiiilix CoUett, Proc. Znoh Soc. (LomL) 1898. p. 356: Arnhem Land. Northern
Territory. (Type in my collection, e.x.^mined.)

Synonyms :
Pwphotus nwullatus North, Vict. Nnliir. vol. xxv. p. ITrt. 1909 : Arnhem L.and.

PnejilioliLi chrn-ioptrn/giiis himiinri Tan Oort, Xntes Lfijdrn Mns. vol. xxxii. p 71. I'.HO : Artiliom
Land. (Type examined.)

P)lack-hooded Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 358.
Range : Northern Territory.

493. Psephotus varius varius.

PxephotuK varius Clark, .!»/.■ vol. xxvii. p. 80. 1910: New South Wales.

Synonyms :

/'«;«<«■«« nmlllrnlor Kuhl, Xov. Art. Phi/x. Arm!. Lenp. O'ril. vol. x. p. 55. 18-20: (not of

(imelin) ; New .South Wales.
Pufjihnliis chdrifi Mathews, A'ov. Zonl. vol. xviii. p. 14. 191 1 : New South Wales.

Many-coloured Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 360 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New Sonth Wales, Yictdria.

( 277 )

404. Psephotus varius rosinae sulisp. u.

Sonthern Many-oolnnred Parrot.
Matliews, IlididlUt No. 3(iO (pars).

Differs from /'. v. cnrius in having' mncli loss i-cil (m tho alMlonii-n and (lo('|u'r
green on the upper breast.

Type: Yorke's Peninsnia, South Australia, No. 9293.
Range : South Australia.

4'.i."). Psephotus varius exsul sulisp. n.

Western Varied Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 30o (pars).

Differs from P. v. rnri/is in its l)lnor rnloratioii aliove and lielow, especially
noticeable on the cheeks, which are blue, not green.
Type : West Australia (Mt. Magnet), No. 5102.
Range : Mid Westralia.

400. Psephotus liaematonotus.

Plnli/i-i'rrMi! Iiaeinntmmtun Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Lmid.) XH'.Vi. p. 88 ; New South Wales.

Red-backed Parrot.

Mathews, lluii(llist No. 301.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Sunth Australia.

497. Psephotus bourkii.

Enpheina bourkii Gould, Birds Aiistr. vol. v. pi. 4;i. 1841 : River Bogan, Interior Xew .South
"Wales.

Blue-vented Parrot.

Mathews, Ilaiidlist No. 362.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Smith Australia.

49m. Psephotus chrysostomus.

Psitlaeus chrysostnmus Kuhl, Nor. Act. Pliijx. Amd. Lmp. Oiml. vol. x. p. 50. 1820 : New Si uth
Wales.

Synonym :

P.'iillacu.i reniixliii: Temminck, TraH-:. Liuii. Sue. (Lnnd.) vol. xiii. p. 121. 1821 : New S..11II1 W:ile8
(King George's Sound in error).

Blue-winged Parrot.

Mathews, Ihrn/tisf No. 303.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.

499. Psephotus elegans elegans.

Nanodes elef/aiu Gould, Prnr. Znol. Soc. {Loud.) 1837. p. 25 : Victoria (Tasmania error ?).

Grass Parrot.

Mathews, [Idiulli.st No. 304 (])ars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia,

( 278 )

.")i)i). Psephotus elegaus carteri snUsp n.

Allied Grass Parrot.

JIathews, Ilinullist No. 304 (pars).

Differs from F. e. clegans in its darker coloration iiljnvc, especially on the licad
and rnmp, its greener coloration below, the small amonnt of yellow on the tail-
feathers, and by the almost blac^k frontal line.

Type: West Anstralia ( Uroome Hill), No. ll(i:i.

Range : West Anstralia.

oiil. Psephotus chrysogaster chrysogaster.

Psitlfiriix chri/sridfislrrTj^tham, /mle.r Ornilli. vol. i. p. liV. 1790: Ta<imaiiia.

Synonym :

Edjilieiiiti tiiimiilUi Gould, Pror. Zool. Sue. {Lnnil.) 1840. p. 148 (1841): Tusmaniii,

Orange-bellied Parrot.

Mathews, IlamUist No. 365.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.

iio'i. Psephotus chrysogaster mab sidisp. u.

Pnrple-banded Parrot.
Mathews, HcoHlIist No. 36.5 (pars).

Differs from P. c. chri/soijnsti'r in havins; the band on the forehead wider
and more pronounced.

Type: Sonth Anstralia, No. 11 68.
Range : Sonth Anstralia.

503. Psephotus petrophilus petrophilus.

Kiiplipmii peli;ii,hlii (iould, Prnr. Zoo!. .S"C. (Limi!.) 1840. p. 148 (1841): Western .\iistrilia.

Western Rock Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 300 (pars).

Range : West Australia.

504. Psephotus petrophilus zietzi sid)s]i, n.

Eastern Rock Parrot.
Mathews, /fa)Hni.it No. 306 (pars).

Differs from X. jj. petro/i'/iln in havin;.; the liliif frontal Imid darki'r, uciicnilly
less brilliant coloration, jialer bine and browner iirimaries.

Type : Sonth Australia, Sir Jos. Banks Is. Spencer's (iulf. No. 117<i.
Range : Sonth Anstralia.

505. Psephotus pulchellus.

PsHUicus pulchelhis .Shaw and Nodder, Nal. Mimell. vol. iii, pi. ini. 17'.i2 : Xew South Wale.s.

Synonyms :

PtittiiCM^ eiiirardsii Bechstein, Kurzp Ueho'K, Viig. p. 74. 1811 : Xew Smith Wales.
Lalhamux azureun Lesson, Traite liOrnilh. p. 20.'). 18.^0 : New South Waloi*

Red-shouldered Grass Parrot.

Mathews, II(ui(lli.'<t No. 307.

Range. New Sonth Wales, Victoria, South Anstralia.

( 270 )
506. Psephotus splendidus.

Eiiphcnui xpleiul'ula Gould, Prtie. Zool. Soc. (Lund.) 184U. p. 147 (1841) : Western Australia.

Scarlet-chested Grass Parrot.

Mathews, Ilaiidlisl N(i. 368.

Kange : New South \V:iles, Victoria, vSouth Australia, We.st Australia.

A'otc. — I have included in the genus I'sephottis the members of the genus
Xi'ophemi Salvador!. Should it be considered necessary to subdivide the geuus
I have {arde ]>. 276) ]irovided Xnitliiella for the species P. Iitd-inatogaster Gould,
and proi)ose Neopsephotus for P. boar/iii Gould and Neonanodes for P. chnjso-
(jaster Latham, as these sjiecies differ ([uite as much from /-■. pnlrlu'Ua^, the type
of yeoplifina, and from each otlier, as that species differs from P. kaematonotus,
the type of Par phot us.

Genus I.ATHAMUS.

Laihainiis Lesson, TraM iTOrnitk. p. 'iOo. 1830.

Tyjie (by orig. desig.) : L. discolor (White).

.507. Lathamus discolor discolor.

P^iWirm dKicoloi- White, ./uiini.. Vui/. .Vc»; Suidl, Wales, p. I'l! 1. 1790 : Njw South Wales.

Synonyms :

PsiUucua laOuimi Bechstein, Kurze Uebers, Vo^'. p. 81. 1811 ; New South Wales.

Puitlacus kumerali^ id., ib. p. 85 ; New South Wales.

Pulltacua bankskiiiii.t Vieillot, iVo»f. Dirt, d Hint. Nat. vol. .\.xv. p. .SI'.'. 1818 : New South Wales.

TrifhtKjhixsus l anstriilis Stephens, in S law's Gvn. Xuol. vol. xiv. p. 130. 182ii ; New South Wales.

Lathamus rubrifrouii L3ssoa, TraUe WOrnHh. p. 20>. 1830 : New South Wales.

Swift Parrot.

Mathews, Ihindllst No. ;i71 (pars).

Uaiige ; New South Wales.

oos. Lathamus discolor tregellasi subsp. n.

Victorian Swift Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 371 (pars).

Differs from L. d. discolor in its paler coloration above and below.

Type: Victoria, No. t<537.

Range : Victoria.

Genus MELOFSITTACUS.

Meliipsillaciis Gould, Birdu Aiistr. vol. v. pi. 44. 18oO.

Type (by monotypy) : M. undtclatas (Shaw).

509. Melopsittacus undulatus iindulatus.

P»iUiii'ii.< undidiitui S'law and Nodder, Nul. Misct'll, vol. xvi. pi. G73. 180o : New South Wales.

Betcherrygah.

Mathews, Handlist Xo. 37:i (pars).

Kange : New So ith \Vales, Victoria, South Australia.

( 280 )

51iJ. Melopsittacus undulatus inte rmedius Mibsp. ii.

Western Betcherrygali.
Mathews, Handlist No. 372 (pars).

Differs from M. u. undulatus in its paler coloration, csiJecially on the ueck
and l)!uk. and darker on the head and uuderueatli than .1/. u. ijallidiccps.
T\'pe : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 1191.
Range : Northern Territory.

•ill. Melopsittacus undulatus pallidiccps snbs]). n.

Northern BetchL'rryy,ah.
Mathews, Ihnvllist No. 37::^ (pars).

Differs from J/, u. undulatus in its jiallid coloration, especially nolicealjle on
the iiead.

Type: Port Torment, North-West Australia, No. 87.j7
Range : West Australia.

Genus PEZOPOBUS.

I'cui/iiirii.i Illiger, Prudmmus, p. 201. 1811.

Type (by monotypy): P. terrcstris (Siiaw).

.312. Pezoporus terrestris terrestris.

Pslttacus terrestrix S law, .l/«.s. Lever, pt. v. p. 217. pi. .'>. 17',i:i: Xew .South Wales.

Synonyms :

PsiUanusfvrmitsus (not Scopoli) Latham, ludej: Uniil/i. vol. i. p. 1U3. 17'J0 : Xesv South Wales.
PsiUacm viridis Perry, Arcana, 1810 : New South Wales.

Ground Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 373 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

.513. Pezoporus terrestris leachi snbsp. n.

Tasmanian Ground Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist No. 373 (pars).

Differs from P. t. terrestris in its darker green coloration, lacking the
yellowish tinge characteristic of New South Wales birds above and below. The
black markings on the upper surface are more e.xtensivo, and hence give the
whole bird a darker appearance.

Type : Tasmania, No. 4113.

Range : Tasmania.

ol4. Pezoporus terrestris flaviventris.

Pesoporax jlai-icenlrh North, Ansir. Mui. Spec. Oil. No. 1. vol. iii. p. 175. 1911: King Qeorge's
■Sound, West Australia.

\\'estralian (inmnd I'arrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 373 (pars).
Range : West Australia.

(2^1 ')

Genus GEOPSITTACUS.

GiojisilUtais Gould, I'nic. Zonl. Soc. {Lond.) ISGl. p. 100.

Type (by orig. dcsig.) : G. oecidciitalis Gould.

515. Geopsittacus occidentalis.

G,uiKitt<u-u« nixUlenlalis Goa\d, Proc. Zonl. Soc. {Liinil.) ISGl. p. 100: Western Australia.

Nig'ht Parrot.

MatliL'Ws, HainlU^f No. :3T4.

Kaiige : West Australia, South Australia.

OiiDER CORACllFORMES.

Famii.v POn,\RliTD.\E.
Genus FODARGUS.

PoilanjM Vieillot, Nouv. Dii. d'/Ilst. Nai. vol. .\xvii. p. 1.51. 1818.

Type (by moaotypy) : P. .itrHjoides (Latham i.

510. Podargus papuensis baileyi subsp. n.

Large Podargus.

Mathews, HandU»t No. 375 (pars).

Differs from 1'. p. papuensis in being lighter al)Ove ; a-nd in having thi' white
spotting to tlie feathers of the under-snrfaco more marked and the bill much
smaller.

Type: Cairns, Queensland, No. 12ul.

liange ; North Queensland.

A'o^fc'.— Birds from the Island of AVaigeau are distinctly darker than P. p.
papuensis ; they have the same thick heavy bill, and are the same size. They can
be called

Podargus papuensis conigravi subsp. n.

Type: Waigeau Island, No. r,'on.

516.\. Podargus papuensis rogersi subsp. n.

Cape York Large Podargus.
Mathews, Handlist No. 375 (pars).

Differs from P. p. bailci/i in ils paler ciiloratinii, and in having a thick bill,
but not as thick as the New Guinea bird.
Type: Cape York, Queensland, No. iJTTo.
Range : Cape Y^ork.

•"'IT. Podargus papuensis plumiferus.

I'lidaiyiis /il.uiiii/irKx GoaU, I'liir. Zoil. So.:. {Luiil.) 1815. p. lot: Bi-ii.ilies Cliii-eiice River, New
South Wales.

Plumed Frogmoufh.

ilathews, llaiidli.st No. 3T."> ([lars).

Range: New jSouth \\'al('s.

( 282 )
51.'^. Podargus strigoides strigoides.

Cuinimiih/iis >:ltiijuiilf.i Latham, Imic.r Oriiilh. Sujjpl. p. Iviii. 1801 ; Xew South Wales.
Synonyms :

C(i/iiiiiiiilyiis iiiifjanjjhaliiK Lathaai, /«f/.x Oniillt. Siij,/il. \t. Iviii. 1801 : Xew South Wales.

Capri mnlijun gmcilii id , ih.

PoilargiiK riiiereux Vieillot, X'im\ Diri iV Hhl. Nat. vol. .x.xvii. p. 151. 1818 : New South Wales.

Piydari/iiK iiuslndia Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zuul. vol. xiii. pt. ii. p. 'J2. 1821) : Xew South Wales.

Podaripix hiiniendix Vigors and Horsfield, Tram. Linn. Sor. (Lund.) vol. xv. p. I'JS. 1821! : X'ew

South Wales.
Puilargn>i xiankijanna id., ili. p. lfl'.l. 1826 : New South Wales.

Tawny Fro<;iuiintli.

Mathews, llamllist No. 3T(i (j)ars).

Range: New South Wales.

iiio. Podargus strigoides cornwalli snhsp. n.

Northern Tawny Frogmouth.
Mathews, Ilandli.-it No. 376 (pars).

Differs from P. s. strigoides in its very much i)aler (■olnratiou and smaller size:
win'' 266-8 mm. ; typical liirds from New South \V'ales, wing 285-9 mm.
Type : MacKay, Queensland, No. ()420.
Range : Qneensland.

52(1. Podargus stiigoides victoriae snbsp. n.

Victorian Frogmouth.
Mathews, Handlist No. 376 (pars).

Differs from P. s. .strigoides in its larger size: wing 2'.i2-3(Mi mm. ; typical
birds from New South Wales, wing 285-9 mm.
Type : Victoria, No. 8tl55.
Range : Victoria.

521. Podargus strigoides cuvieri.

Podarijux curirri Vigors aud HorsBeld, Traiix. Linn. .S".-. {Lnnd.) vol. xv. p 2IIU. 1K2I) : Tasmania.

Tasmanian Frogmouth.

Mathews, Handlist No. 376 (pars).

Range : Tasmania.

522. Podargus strigoides rossi subsji, n.

Southern Frogmouth.
Mathews, llandli.tt Xn. 376 (pars).

Differs from P. s. strigoides in its darker (blackisli^ coloration and iis smaller
size : wing 255 mm. ; average wing 252-6 mm.
Type : South Australia, No. 9496.
Range : North- West Victoria, Sonth Australia.

( 283 )
•')2:i Podargus strigoides brachypterus.-

Pi,ilairjus hruchr/pterus Gould, Proi: Zanl. Sue. (Lmul.) 18411. p. 1(53 (1841): West Australia.

Synonym :

/'. mrn-rurliywlius Gould, /'/■.«•. Zuol. S'ic. (L'iml.) 18411. p. 163 (1841) : West Australia.

Westralian Frogmouth.

Matliews, Hnndlixf No. 377 (jiars).
Range : West Australia.

524. Podargus strigoides phalaenoides.

PiHlanpis i>hahAcw,i<lr:< Gould, Pnn: Zn.il. Sw:{Loiid.) IHM. p. 14-_'(1840): I'oi-l Essiugtuu, Xortbcni
Territory.

Freckled Frogmouth.

Mathews, Jh/idl/xt No. 377 (pars).

Itange : Northern Territory.

525. Podargus strigoides mungi subsp. n.

Mungi Freckled Frogmouth.

Differs from P. s. phalaenoides in its darker coloration.
Type : Mungi, North- West Australia, No. 1)387.
Range : Interior of North-West Australia.

520. Podargus sti'igoides dendyi subsp. n.

Western Freckled Frogmouth.

Differs from P. s. phalaenoides in its smaller size: wing 218-25 mm. (wing of
phalaenoides 233 mm.).

Type: Derby, North-West Australia, No. <52S(i.
Range : Nortli-West Australia (Coast).

527. Podargus strigoides gouldi.

I'liiliiiijiis ijinddi Masters, Pror. Linn. Soc. N.fi.W. vol. i. p. 45. 1875 ; Gulf of Garpeularia.

Carpentaria Freckled Frogmouth.
Mathews, Ifandlist No. 377 (pars).
Range : North (Queensland.

52s. Podargus ocellatus marmoratus.

Pnilarijiis iminiujiahis Gould, Bin/s Aiish: Siijijil. pi. 4. 1855 ; Capu York, Queensland.

Marbled Frogmouth.
Mathews, Handlist No. 37s.
Range: North (Queensland.

Genus AEGOTHELES.

Aegutheles Vigors and Horsfield, Tran.-:. Linn. Sue. (Lufiil.) vol. xv. p. 194. 1826.

Type (by monotypy) : .1. cristata (White).

20

( 284 )
529. Aegotheles cristata cristata.

0//)W/HKij«» rm(«<-w White, ./o«™. To//. .Weu- Sunlli Walr.^ p. 241. 17'J0: New South Wales.

iSyiioiiyins :
f.a/iriiiiiilijiis mvafhnlluiiiliiif Liitham, Inihr Oriiilh. vol. ii. p. .')«8. IT'.tU : New South Wales.
Cd/iriiKidgiix I'illiilii.i Latham, /«*./; Oriiilh. Sii/i/,1. p. Iviii. 1801 : New South Wales.
Atgullieles linnihiliix Jardine and Selby, Jllux. Oniil/i. vol. iii. pi. U'J. 1H3.'') : New South Wales.
Aegotheles auslralk Swainson, Clamif. Binl«, vol. ii. p. 338. 1837 : New Soutli Wales.

Owlet Nightjar.
Matliews, Ilamllist No. 379.

Hiuige : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania. Soutli Australia, Smith
A\ cstralia.

•"i"|i. Aegotheles cristata murchisoniana snlisji. n.

Miirchisoii Owlet Nightjar.
Mathews, Uaitdlist No. 370 (pars).

Differs from .1. c. cristata. in its palliil coloration, and from .1. r. ri/Ja in being
slill paler than that form, and lacking the dark coloration of the head.
Type: West Anstralia (East Murchison), No. 3884.
Range : Mid Westralia.

531. Aegotheles cristata leucogaster.

Arijulheleit hiwwjaxter Gould, rror. Zml. Soc. (Lnml.) 1844. p. lOlj : Port Essinyton, Northern
Territory.

White-bellied Owlet Nightjar.

Mathews, Ilaiic/Ust No. 370 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North (Queensland.

53:.'. Aegotheles cristata rufa.

.\f!l"theies rufa Hall, Vict. Natundist, vol. xviii. p. 8'.t. lltOl ; Derby, Xorth-We.sl .\ustralia.

Synonym :

Arijotlirhn rHfescriis Hall (not Salvadori). Virt. yatKi-al/xt, vol. .wiii. p. CO. 1901; Derby, North-
West Australia.

Rufons Nightjar.
Mathews, Handlist No. 380.
Range : North-West Australia.

F.\Mii,v CORACIIDAE.
Genus EUKTSTOMUS.

Eiiri/stomim VieiUot. Aiialyie nouv. Ornilh. p. 37. 1816.

Type (by moiiotypy) : E. orientalis ((imeliii).

533. Eurystomus orientalis pacificus.

Oimrhx parijii-a Latham, liiilr.r Omith. Snjij,/, p. i.vvii. iXill ; Xew South Wales.

Synonym :

F.iiriinliiiiiux iiiislrulU Swainson, Anhii. in Meniuj. p. 32(i. 1837 ; XcW South Wales.

Australian Roller or Dollar Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 381 (pars).
Range: Queensland, New Sonth Wales.

( 285 )

534. Eurystomus orientalis bravi subsii. n.
Western Boiler or Dollar Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 381 (pars).
Difl'ers from II o. jMcijiriis in being paler below.
Type : North- West Australia, No. 1236.
Range : North-West Australia.

Family ALCEDIISflDAB.
Genus ALCYONE.

Atri/uiic Swaiiisou, Clas.'<i/. Hirilx, vol. ii. p. 'd'i6. 1837.

Type (by monotypy) : A. azurea (Latham).

535. Alcyone azurea azurea.

Almln aziirra Latliaiu, Ijir/e.c Oniilli. Siipiil. p. .vxxii. I81II : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Alcedo Iribrachys Shaw, Nal. Mi.m'//. vol. xvi. pi. (581. 180;j : New South Wales.
C'cyx cijaiiea Lesson, Traill il'Ontith. p. 2-11. 1830 : New South Wales.
Alcyone austmlls Swainson, lussif. Birds, vol. ii. p. 336. 1837 : New South Wales.

Blue Kingfisher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 382 (pars).

Range : South Qneensland, New Soutli Wales.

530. Alcyone azurea victoriae snbsji. n.
Victorian Blue Kingfisher.
Maliiews, Handlist No. 382 (pars).
Ditters from A. a. azurea in its more slender bill.
Type : Victoria, No. 5119.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

537. Alcyone azurea diemenensis.

Alri/wie diemenensis Gould, Pror. Zoul. Soc. (Loud.) 18-10. p. 19 : Tasmania.

Tasmanian Blue Kingfisher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 382 (pars).
Range : Tasnianiii.

638. Alcyone azurea pulchra.

Ala/one puMim Uould, Proc. Zonl. .Su,;. (Umd.) 18411. p. Ill : Port Essiugloii, Northciu Territory.
Purple Kingfisher.
Mathew.s, Handlist No. 383 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory, North-West Anslraba.

53'.j. Alcyone azurea mixta subsp. n.
Northern Purple Kingfisher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 383 (pars).
Differs from .1. a. azurea in its slightly smaller size and darker coloration

( 286 )

liclow, lint il is not as dark lielow as .1. n. jmlclira, which il a]i|ini;irhi\s hi its iipjier
coloration.

Type : North tjueeushitiil, No. 0875.

Range : North Queensland.

y4ii. Alcyone pusilla pusilla.

Ceijx pusilla Temmiuck ,aud Liiugier, Plmi. Culnr. tl'Oix. 100 livr. vul. v. pi. Wib. \KV\ ; liaiu ile
Lobo, New Guinea.

Little Kingfisher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 384 (pars).

Kange : North Qneenshand (Cape Yurki, New (ininea.

o4l. Alcyone pusilla halli sulisp. n.

Little Purple Kingfisher.
Mathews, IlandUst No. 384 (pars).

Differs from A. p. pusilla in its mnch larger size and different coloration, being
(lark purple above, not bright bine.

Type : North Queensland (Cairns), No. 12-5.3.
Range : North Queensland (Cairns).

Genns STMA.

.S7///'(' Lesson, ManuiA d'Oniith. vol. ii. p. 07. 1828.
Type (by monotypy) : S. torotoro Lesson.

.542. Syma torotoro fiavirostris.

I/itlcyuii (Si/iiin f) /arirnslrh Gould, Pi-oc Zoul. Sue. (Lv/iil.) 1850. p. -'DO (1851): Cape York
Queensland.

Yellow-billed Kingfisher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 385.
Range : North Qiieenslatul.

Genns DACELO.

Dacdo Leach, Z;ul. Misecll. vol. ii. p. 125. 1815.

Type (by monotypy) : i>. ffiffas (Boddaert).

543. Dacelo gigas gigas.

Alcedo gigas Boddaei-l, Tnhi Plan. Bnliiin. p. 40. No. 66.3. 178:) : New South Waks.

Synonyms :

Alcedo uiululiila .Scopoli, Del. h'lor. I'min. Inmib. pt. ii. p '."i. 17SI) ; New .South Wales
Ah-edufiisai (not Boddaert) Gmelin, &'//.</. .V«/. p. 454. 1788 : N'cw South Wales.
Alcrdii giijaiileii Latham, Indrx Oniilti. vol. i. p. 245. 1700 : New South Wales.
CliuucaUijnn aiixtmle Lesson, Tmile d'Oniith. p. 248. 1830 ; New South Wales

Brown Kingfisher (Laughing Jackass).

Mathews, Handlist No. 386 (pars).

Range: New South Wales, South Australia.

( 287 )

544. Dacelo gigas tregellasi sulisji. n.

Victorian Brown Kingfisher.

Mathews, na/n/list No. 3S6 (pars).

Differs from I). (/. gigas in having a lighter oohjiireil head.

Type : Victoria, No. 9039.

Range : Vietoria.

.")45. Dacelo gigas miuor.

DitceM (jiqax subsp. minnr Robinson, Bull. Liferp. .Ifnx. vol. ii. p. 110. 1900 : Cooktown.

Northern Brown Kingfisher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 386 (pars).
Range : Queensland.

546. Dacelo gigas mclennani.

Diiirtii ntclriuiiiw Xortb, Aijric. (Ime/lc .V..S. ir. vol. xxii. p. liliV). Uill : Cape York, Queensland.

Least Brown Kingfisher.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 386 (par.s).
Range : North Qneensland (Cape York).

547. Dacelo leachii leachii.

Oacehi leachii Vigors anil Horsfield, Traim. Linn. Snr. (Lnml.) vol. xv. p. 205. IftSfi : Keppel Bay,
Queensland.

Blue-winged Kingfisher.
Mathews, [Jamllist No. 387.
Range : Qneensland.

54S. Dacelo leachii cervina.

Darehi cervinii Cionld, Birih Aiistr. mitl Adj. hlmuh, pt. ii, pi. '1. 1838 ; Northern Territory.

Fawn-breasted Kingfisher.
Mathews, Hnii(Uixt No. 388 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

54!». Dacelo leachii occideutalis.

Dacelo occideutalis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Loud.) 1860. p. 002 : Xorth-West Australia (Coast).

Western Fawn-breasted Kingfisher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 388 (pars).
Range : North-West Australia.

55(1. Dacelo leachii mungi subsp. n.

Mungi Fawn-breasted Kingfisher.

Mathews, Ihindlist No. 388 (pars).

Difters from /). /. cervina in its much smaller size : wing 185 mm.

Type : aiungi, Noi'tli-West Anstralia, No. 9378.

Range : Interior of North-West Anstralia.

( 288 )

Genus HALCYON.

Hulnjim Swainson, Znnl. llhi.<. vol. i. pi. 27. 1821.

Tyiip (by orijr. dosig.) : //. sem-f/ulens'is fLiniu').

5-")l. Halcyon macleayii macleayii-

JJulri/iui „Hirl(tn/ii Jardine aiifl Selby, Illiis. Oniilli. vol. ii. pi. llll. 1830 ; New South Wales.

Synonym :

lliili-yun iiiciiictux Gould, Si/iiupx. Iliriln A'lslr. pt. iv. .App. p. 1. 18H8 : New South Wales.

Forest Kingfisher.

Mathews, JIandl/xt No. 389 (pars).

Range: South Qneeiislaiid, New Sdutli ^V^lles.

052. Halcyon macleayii barnardi.

ffiiht/dii harmmli Campbell, Emn, vol. x. p. 33s. I'.lll : ljockerl)ie. L'ape York.

Niirthern Forest Kingfisher.
Mathews, llaixllist No. 389 (pars).
Range : North Qneensland.

.")53. Halcyon macleayii disting^uendus subsp. n.

AVesteni Forest Kingfisher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 389 (pars).

Differs from //. m. maclecn/ii in its slightly smaUcr size and darker coldnition
on the liead, and having the humerals and rump of a liriglit liriilianl blue,
Tyi)e : Northern Territory (South Alligator Uiver), No. 5214.
Range: Norflieni Territory.

554. Halcyon pyrrhopyg:ins pyrrhopygius.

IIkU-jiiw jiijn-li(,/J!iii:,i Gould, /'/.«•. }C,ii'l. S,.,; (L,,ml.t 1S4II. p. li:! (1S41): Interior Xew South
Wales.

Red-baeked Kingfisher.

Mathews, lldiulli.'it No. 390 (]iars).

Range : New Sontli Wales, South Australia.

555. Halcyon pyrrhopygius obscuvus subsp. n.

Northern Red-baeked Kingfisher.
Mathews, llamllixt No. 39U (pars).

Differs from //. p. pi/n-hn/ii/jii/i.^ in its slightly smaller size, and its duller
coliiration above, but having the rump more brightly eoloured.
Type: North-West Australia, No. 1290.
Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

55(). Halcyon sanctus sanctus.

Ihihjioti ««?ic(Hx Vigors and Horsfield, Tnins. I.hiii. N.i.. (/."«</.) vol. .\v p. 2116. 1820: New South
Wales.

Eastern Saered Kingfisher.

Mathews, llinu/l/'st No. 391 (pars).

Range: New South Wales, Victoria, Sii\ith Australia.

( 289 )
sr)?. Halcyon sanctus westralasianus.

TTaletinn weatrahiKitinus Campbell, Enni. vol. i. p. 25. I'.IOl ; Vasse, West Australia.

. Western Sacred Kingfisher.
Mathews, IlamlUst No. 392.
Range : Sonth-West Australia.

55^. Halcyon sanctus ramsayi snbsp. n.

Broad-hillod Sacred Kingtislier.
Mathews, IhnidliHt No. 301 (pars).

Differs from //. ». sanctus in its slightly smaller size and wider l;ill, and its
brighter coloration on the secondaries and wing-coverts.

Type : North- West Australia (Parry's < 'reek), No. 1298.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

359. Halcyon sanctus confusus snbsji. n.

Little Sacrod Kingfisher.

Mathews, IFuiullist No. 391 (pars).

Differs from //. s. sanctus in its smaller size and longer bill, and from
//. «. ri(insu>/> in its greener coloration on the secondaries and wiug-coverts, and
especially in its verditer green upper tail-coverts and greener tail.

Type : North Qneensland (Cooktown), No. 5869.

Range : North Qneensland.

r)(;(». Halcyon sordidus sordidus.

[liih-jiim siiriliiliix Gould, Pmc. Zunl. Sar. (Lriiiil.) 1H42. |i. 72 : North coast Australia (Cape York).

Mangrove Kingfisher.

Mathews, IlamUist No. 394 (pars).

Range : Qneensland, Cape York.

• M- Halcyon sordidus cooktowni snbsp. n.

(looktown Mangrove Kingfisher.
Mathews, Uiiiidl'mt No. 394 (pars).

Differs from //. n. siinliilufi in its longer bill ffrom nostril to tip 50 mm. typical
birds 45 mm.), and in having the head darker olive.
Type : ( ^ooktown, Queensland, No. 5867.

Riinge : North Qneensland.

*

Genus TANTSIPTERA.

Tanysiptem Vigors, Timis. Linn. Svc. {Lund.) vol. .\iv. p. 433. 1825.
Type (i)y monotypy) : T. dea (Linne) 1766, not 1758.

56-'. Tanysiptera sylvia sylvia.

Timijsijjleni s,/li;,i UoaM, Prnc. Zui.l. Sue. (Loml.) 1850. p. 2110 (Is.'il) : Cape York, Queensland.

White-tailed Kingfisher.

Mathews, Jlum/li.tt No. 395.

Uange : North Qneensland (Cape York).

( 290 )

Faxii.v MEROPIDAE.
Genus KEBOFS.

J/«co/)» Linn^f, Syst. Xat. ed. x. p. 117. IT.'iK.

Type (by tautonymy) : ^f. i/p/aafiT Liiiiu'.

06:1 Merops ornatus ornatus.

Mernpa nriiiilusi Latham, hiile:r Ontitli. Snjipl. p. xxxv. 18U1 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Merops melanums Vigors and Horsfield. Trari". IJiiii. S<i<: (Luml.) vol. xv. p. 2i18. IS2i') : New
South Wales.

Australian Bee Eater.

Mathews, Haiidlist No. 390 (pars).
Range : Eastern Australia.

504. Merops ornatus shortridg^ei sulisji. n.

Westralian Bee Eater.

Mathews, Hamllist No. 396 (pars).

Differs from .1/. 0. ornafiis in its paler coloration throughout ; the crown lieing
yellow-green, the mantle pale orange-rufous, the npjiev back pale gras.s-green, the
lower back paler verditer-blne, the nnder-snrface paler.

Type; Westralia (Strelly River), No. 1333.

Range : West Australia.

FA>rn.Y CAPUIMULOIDAE.
Genus EUBOSTOFODUS.

Eiiroxlii/iiiihix (ioulfl, Si/mi/iy:. lii rih Aiistr. pt. iv. App. p. I. 18.38.

Type (liy nionotypy) : E. nlljo(/Mlaris (Vigors & Horsfield).

50."). Eurostopodus albogularis.

(,'ii/)iiiiiiihiiis (il/i'iyiilarii Vigors and Horsfield, Tiiins. Linn. Soc. [Lund.) vol. .\v. p. Iy4. 182G :
New South Wales.

Synonyms ;

? ( n/iriniiilgux i/iiltiiliiit Vigors and Horsfield. Tru/ix. Linn. S"r. (Low/.) vol. xv. p. Iil2. 1.S20. juv. :

New South Wales.
Caprimuhjus myslHralin Tadminck and Laugier, Finn. Culnr. i/'Ois. 6'J' livr. vol. iv. pi. 410. 182(i :

New South Wales.

White-throated Nightjar.

Mathews, Ihmdlist No. 397.

Range: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

066. Eurostopodus argus argus.

Enrniilnpiis ui-r/iis Hartert, Oil. Binl.-: /In/. .!/«.,■. vol. xvi. p. (JOH. 18112 : Victoria.

Spotted Nightjar.

Mathews, Handlist No. 398 (i)ars).

Range : Victoria.

( 291 )

567. Eurostopodus argus harterti snlisji. n.

Northern Spotted Nightjar.

Mathews, Handlist No. 398 (pars).

Differs from E. a. argus in being ilariier above and below.

Type : Northern Territory, No. .5217.

Range : Northern Territory, North-AVest Australia, Sonth-West Australia.

Genus CAPRIMULGUS.

Cit/iriiiiiili/iis Linni^, Si/xl. Xal. ed. x. p. 193. 17o.t.
Type (by tantonymy) : <'. europaeus Linne.

56S. Caprimulgus macrurus yorki sulisp. n.

Large-tailed Nightjar.
Mathews, Hundlist No. 399 (pars).

Differs from C. m. macrurus in its smaller size: wing ITii ram. (ty|iical birds
100 mm.).

Type : North Queensland (('ape York), Xo. 13(il.
Range : North Queensland.

509. Caprimulgus macrurus keatsi subsp. u.

Allied Long-tailed Nightjar.

Mathews, Handlist No. 399 (pars).

Differs from C. m. macrurus in its jialer coloration as well as smaller size.

Type: Northern Territory (Point Keats), No. 1359.

Range : Northern Territory.

Family APODIDAE.
Genus COLLOCALIA.

O'lluralla Or.iy, l.^xl Genera Birth, 1840. p. 8.

Type (by orig. desig.) : C. I'sciilcntd (Ijiiim'-).

570. CoUocalia csculenta.

Ilirundo e.sailenlii Linnt', Syst. Nal. ed. .\. p. 191. 1758; Amboina.

Edible-nest Swiftlet.

Mathews, Handlist No. 400.

Range : Cape York, Queensland. Extralimital.

Synonyms not worked out.

571. CoUocalia francica terraereginae.

Ci/pMlun temiererfinae Ramsay, I'rm-, Zn,,l. Sue. {I.nml.) 1874. p. Ijlll : Oanlwpll. Qiipensbivl.

Grey-rnmped Swiftlet.
Mathews, Handlist No. 40l.
Range : North Queensland.

( 292 )

Genus CHAETUBA.

Cliaeliira Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xiii. pt. ii. p. 76. l><2li.
Type (hy subs, ilesig.) : C. pelagicu (Liiiin'').

572. Chaetura caudacuta caiidacuta.

IJirundo caudaculii L.itham, In(le.r Orn/t/i. Sii/)/>l. p. Ivii. 1801 : New South Wale.i.

Synonyms :
Ilirundo fus'a Stephen-s, in Shaw's Gen. Znol. vol. x. p. 133. 1817 ; Xew South Wales
Chaetura aiislrali^ id., ih., vol. xiii. p. 76. 1826 : Xew South Wales.
Hirundo ciris Pall.os, Znogr. Roam. Asiaf. vol. i. p. 541. 1827 : Siberia.
Chaetura nnnrn/ilfra Swainson. Zoo!. IlJnx. ser. ii. pi. -12. 182'.* ; New South Wales.

Spine-tailed Swift.
Mathews, Handlist No. 402.
Range: Anstralia. E.'ctralimital.

Genus AFUS.

Apus Scopoli, /iilrod. IliM. Nut. p. 483. 1777.

Type (liy raoiiotypy an<l tantonymy) : .1. iijuin (Linne).
573. Apus pacificus.

Ilhiinilnjyanfim Latham, Imlex Oriiil/i. Siippl. p. Iviii. 18(11 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Ci/jiMelux amlmlix Gould, Prw. Zn„l. So,: (L,.,„l.) 18:«t. p. 141 (1840) : New South Wale.'*.
Ci/pneliis rilliilus Jardine .and Selby, ///».s. Omilh. vol. iv. trxt to pi. ?,\S. 1840: China.

White-rnniped Swil't.
Mathews, Handlist No. 403.
Range : Anstralia. Extnilimital.

Order COCCYGES.
Famii.v CUCULIDAE.

Genus CUCULUS.

Ciii-iihia Linn^, Sysl. Nat. i>d. x. p. 110. 1758.

Type (hy tantonymy) : C caxorus Linne.

574. Cuculus optatus.

Ciiculus optatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.) 1845. p. 18 : Port Essington, Northern Territory.

Oriental (Juckoo.

Mathews, Handlist No. 404.

liange : Northern Territory, North- West Anstralia,

JVofe.— The forms of Cuoili/s raiioriis are so imperfectly understood that I have
been compelled to fall ba(d; ni)on the (ionldian name " <ij/tat/'.s" winch, given to an
Anstralian bird, is certainly applicable, whereas all the other names are more or
less nncertain.

( 293 )
573. Cuculus pallidus pallidus.

CulumUi palVnla Latham, huh:r Ovnith. Sti/ipl. p. Ix. 1801 ; New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Cnmlus varier/atun Vieillot, Noiir. Din. d' Hist.. Nat. vol. viii. p. iU. 1817 : New South Wales.
Ciinihts ciiiereus id., ib. p. •22(i. 1817 : New South Wales.
Ciifidus inonialus Ytgors and Horsfield, Tnui-:. Linn. Sni; (Lnml.) vol. xv. p. ill". 1826 : New South

Wales.
Cnrnlns u/bnslr/f/atiiM id., ill. p. 298. I82(i : New South Wales.

Pallid Cuckoo.

Mathews, Handlist Xo. 405 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

57(1. Cuculus pallidus occidentalis.

IJelernm-eiiex iicridentalis Cabanis and Heine, .lA'(-i. //<■//!. vol. iv. p. 27, note, 1802 : West Australia.
Western Pallid Cuckoo.
Mathews, Ilfindlist No. 4(t5 (pars).
Range : West Australia.

577. Cuculus rubricatus rubricatus.

.S///)'/'rt riihriaila Latham, [iidcv Oniith. Sn/i/il. p. Iv. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
fuailus rufidu.i Vieillot, Xmu: Did. d'Hisl. Nat. vol. viii. p. 234. 1817 : New South Wales.
Cuculus cinemceun Vigors and Horsfield, Trail.''. Limi. Snr. (Lniul.) vol. xv. p. 2'.I8. 1820 : New South

Wales.
Cumins incertns id., ih. p. 299. 1820 : New South Wales.

Fan-tailed Cuckoo.

Mathews, HnmUist N<i. 4(Ki (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

578. Cuculus rubricatus albani.

Cnouhiit rnhrinilns alhiuil Mathew.s, Anslr. .1/-. Her. p. 12. 1;I12 : Alliany, West Australia.

Western Fan-tailed Cnckoo.
Mathew.^, HiiikIUhI No. 4o() (pars).
Range . West Australia.

579. Cuculus rubricatus athertoni.

Cnrnlns rnliiiralns iithn-tuni Mathews, .\n^tr. .\r. li,,-, p. 11. 1912 : North Queensland.

Northern Fan-tailed Cuckoo.
Mathews, llandlht No. 40(5 (pars).
Range : North Queensland.

580. Cuculus pyrrophanus variolosus.

Cuculus Piiriol/Kiis Vigors and Horsfield, Tnoi.^. Linu. Snc. {Lnml.) vol. xv. p. .30(1. 1820 : New-
South Wales.

Synonym :

Cn.nhis ius/nmlns Oould, Pnir. Zr.nl. Sm: (Luiiil.) 184.'). p. IS : New South Wales

Eastei-n Square-tailed (Brush) Cnckoo.

Mathews, Handlist No. 407 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales. Victoria.

(294)
581. Cuculus pyrrophanus dumetorum.

Ciiciihiii (liimelnriim Oould, I'nir. Zonl. Soc. (L'iml.) 1840. p. l!l : Port l^ssinoton, NtirtliiTii
Territor)'.

Western Square-tailed Cuckoo.

Mathews, Ilarullist No. 407 (jiar.s).

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Anstriiliii.

#
582. Cuculus castaneiventris.

Cuculus (Cacnmaiilix) i-aRtanehvntrh Gould, Aiiti. Mai/. Xul. Ifixl. ser. iii. vol. x.x. p. 26'J. IStJ? :
Cape York, Queensland.

Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo.

Mathews, Hnndlist No. 408.

Range : Cape York, Qneenslaud. Extralimital.

Genus OWENAVIS.

OieenniistHtithewit, Aiislr. Av. life. p. 3. llUi.

Tyjie (Ijy orig. desig.) : ('//ii/c/ti'x oscidunx Gould.

58'3. Oweuavis osculaus osculaus.

Chuh-ile.i osciilans Gould, Proc. Zonl. tSoc. (Loud.) 1«47. p. 32 : New South Wiiles.

Black-eared Cnckoo.

Mathews, UaiullUt No. 409 (j)ars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

Note. — Cuculus palliolatus Latham, as the description shows, and as was
recognised by Gould and now accejjted by North, has nothing to do with this bird.
The Watling drawing, upon which that name is founded, is of a blaeh-liriKli'tl liirtl.
This suffices to show the fallacy of accepting Latham's name for this species.

.584. Owenavis osculaus rogersi.

Umeiiarix osniJam roijer!>i M.itliews, An^tr. Ar. Rcc. p. 13. 1912 : North-Weat Austialia.

Western Black-eared Cnckoo.
Mathews, Hinidligt No. 409 (pars).
Range : West Australia.

Genns CHRYSOCOCCYX.

Chrysococcyx Boie, Teis, 1826. p. 077.

Type (by monotypy) : G. cupreus (Latham) = C. smaragdineus (Swainson).

68.5. Chrysococcyx basalts mellori.

Chn/Mococcyx Immlis mellori Mathews, Auslr. Ae, Rec. p. 14. 1912 : Eyre's Peninsula, Sonth
Australia.

Narrow-billed Bronze Cnckoo.

Mathews, Handlist No. 410 (pars).

Range: New Sonth Wales, Victoria, South Australia

( 295 )
o8(i. Chrysococcyx basalis wyndhami.

Cliri/soruixi/.c hasulis wijiulkaiiii Mathews, Aunlr. Ai\ Rec. p. 14. lOTi : North-West Australia.

Western Navrow-ljilled Bronze (Jnckoo.
Mathews, Ifn/x/l/.-if Nii. 41U (inirs).
Range : West Australia.

5S7. Chrysococcyx lucidus.

C'c'idiis liK-idiis Gmelin, S)/x>. Xnl. p. 421. 1788 : New Zealand.
Synonym :

Ciiciiliis nitciix Forster, Drsrr. Aiiiiii. ed. Licht. p. 151. 1844 ; New Zealand.

Broad-billed Bronze Chickoo.
Mathews, riaiullist No. 411.
Range : North Queensland. Extraliinital.

588. Chrysococcyx plagosus plagosus.

Oirnhia /iltir/oaiis Latham, Iiukx Ornilh. Siippl. p. x.\.xi. 1801 ; New South Wales.

Synonym :
Cuculux melnllicus Vigors and Horsfield, Tram. Liii/i. fioc. {Lund.) vol. .xv. p. 302. 1826 : New
South Wales.

Bronze Cuckoo.

Mathews, Hattdlist No. 412 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

Sote. — Sylvia versicolor Latham, Tiu/e.r Oniith. Suppl. p. Ivi. l8Ul, is abso-
lutely unrecognisable, more especially when the tyi>e-drawing is e.xamined. It
seems quite unfinished or else sj)oilt, and I don't think was ever intended for this
bird, as a good iignre of ('. plagosus is also given.

o8it. Chrysococcyx plagosus carteri.

Chrysoriiiriij- /ihii/osiis raiteri Mathews, Anxtr. Ar. Her. p. 17. 1!I12 : West Australia.

Western Bronze (juckoo.
Mathews, Handlist No. 412 (pars).
Range : West Australia.

5'.»ij. Chrysococcyx plagosus tasmanicus.

Chri/.'iocmT.i/x jiliir/oniis buiuuiiijciix Mathews, .\.usli: Ar. Rrc. p. 17. I'.Uli : Tasmania.

Tasmanian Bronze (.Iiickoo.
Mathews, IhutilUst No. 412 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

•J'-'I. Chrysococcyx miniitillus.

Chrysococcyx miiiiilUhn, (Juuld, Pmr. Zool. S,,,: (Lmnl.) I8f,'j. p. 128: Port Essington. Northern
Territory.

Little Bronze Cuckoo.
Mathews, Handlist No. 413.
Range : Northern Territory.

( 296 )
69a. Chrysococcyx nissatus.

Cfiri/sococcyx ncusata Gould, Pruc. Zool. Sot: (Liiiul.) ISiiH. p. 7rt : Cape York, Queensland
Itntbns-throated Bronze Cuckoo.
Mathews, Handlist No. 414.
Uauge : Queensland.

5t»2.\. Chrysococcyx bamardi.

Clii/^mcniri/.r harnnnli Mathews, Audr. Ar. lin-. p. JO. I'.llu' : Uaivson River, Queeu.slaiKl.

Allied Bronze Cuckoo.
Range : Queensland.

Genus EUDTNAMTS.

E'tdi/Hami/s Vigors and Horsfield, r,;iii^. /.-/;«. S.,r. (I...„.l. ) vol. xv. p. 303. 1826.
Type (by subs, desig.) : E. nrifintalis ((iiuelin).

•5'.»:i. Eudynamys oi'ientalis cyanocephalus.

CwiiUt ci/an'irq)lialiis Latham. Iiule.r OniHIi. Sa/,iil. p. x.\,\. 1801 : New fSouth Wales.

Synonym :
Eiidi/mmis imxImVis Swainson. Anim. in Mrmti/. p. :U4. 1837 : New South Wales.

Keel.

Mathews, Hamilist No. 41.5 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

594. Eudynamys orientalis flindersii.

Etuli/nami/s Jiiiidersii "Vigors and Horsfield, rnuix. Liiiu. line. (LwnL) vol. .\v. p. 3116. 1821;; North
Coast of Queensland.

Northern Koel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 41.'3 ([lars).

Range : Queensland.

oO.). Eudynamys orientalis subcyanocephalus.

EudijiHUiujx urieiitalis suln-iianoreplxiliix Mathews, Aiixlr. -Ir. Iter. p. 21. 11)12.

Western Koel.

Mathews, Handlist No. 41.") (pars).

Range : North-Western Australia, Northern Territory.

,Vy^'.— This treatment of the Cuckoos I liave fully e-xplained in the Austral
Aeiat' Record, as iiuoted above, where 1 have fully goue into the reasons for the
above alterations and nomenclature.

Genus SCYTHKOFS.

Sri/llnn/m Ijalh.ini, Indr.r Ornith. vol. i. p. 141. iT'.KI.

Type (by miMiotypy) : .S'. iiovaehnlla,nilitic Lai ham.

596. Scythrops novaehoUandiae novaehollandiae.

Hci/lkrvpn Horaftinllnndiiir Latliam, [iidn: Dniilh. vol. i. p. 141. 17'.ll) : .N'ew South W.iles.

Synonyms :

Sci/thropn nunlralaaiae Shaw, Gfii. Xwil. vol. viii, p. 37H. 1811 : New South Wales.
Scijlhrnpa australiH Swainson, Cla.-i.iif. Birds, vol. ii. p. 2',l9. 1837 ; New South Wales.

( 237 )

Channel Bill.

Mathewis, Handlist No. 416 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New Sontli Wales

507. Scythrops novaehollandiae neglectus snbsii. n.

Little Channel Bill.
Mathews, Handlisf No. 41G (pars).

Differs from 5. n. novaehollandiar in its smaller size (wiug 341 mm.) and paler
coloration.

Type : North-West Australia (Parry's (Jrcek), No. 14«ii.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

Genus CEITTBOFUS.

Ceiitropus Illiger, Prodromnx, p. 205. 1811.

Type (by orig. desig.) : C. senegalen»is (Liane).

598. Centropus phasianinus phasianinus.

CnniUix ijliasiaiiiniis Latham, liulrx Oniilli. Snypl. p. xxx. 1X01 ; Xew .South Wales.

Synonyms :
I'ulnpliiltis mriegafns Leach, Zna!. Misrrll. vol. i. p. llii. 1814 : New South Wales.
Piihip!iilu.i Ifiicnfiaxler id., ib. p. 117. 1814 : Xew South Wales.

Piilojjhilux rjiqa« Stephens, in Shaw's Gfn. Ziml. vol. ix. p. 4.5. 1815 : New South Wales.
Oirydoiih- ijiijiLnleMx Vieillot, Noiu\ Did. d' Hist. Nat. vol. xxxiv. p. 21)5. 1819 ; New South Wales.

Concal.

Mathews, llaitdli.'it No. 417 (pars).
Range : (Queensland, New ISouth Wales.

599. Centropus phasiauiniis melanurus.

CeiilnijjHn mrlanmna Gould, liird>i .lustr. vol. iv. text to pi. '12. 1817 ; Xortb-West .Australia.

North- Western Concal.

Mathews, Ilaudlist No. 417 (pars).

Range : North-West Australia.

(iuo. Centropus phasianinus macrourus.

Veiilro/iai miKniiinin Gould, Bmb .liixir. vol. iv. text to pi. '.Iii. 1847: Port E-ssington, Northern
Territory.

Northern Coucal.

Mathews, Handlist No. 417 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory.

Urder MENUKIJ\)RMES.

Family MENURIDAE.

Genus MENUBA.

Menma Latham, Imle.r Ornilh. Siqipl , p. Ixi. 1801.

Type (by monotypy) : M. novaehollandiae Latham.

( 298 )
Oiil. Menura novaehoUandiae novaehoUaudiae.

Menuiu novaehnllamliar Liitliam. [ivlr.r ilniUli. Sn/i/il. p. Ixi. ISill ; Xew South Wales.

Synonyms :
Mrimi-a sii/,ci-ba Davies, Tram. Linn. Sir-. (Lnml.) vol. vi. p. 207. \>*{J:i . N'ew South Walus.
Piirailism parkhisiiiiinmi Shaw, Xiil. Miirell. vol. .\iv. pi. 577. 1802 : "Saw South Wale-f.
Ptirl.msnuiiis mirahilix Bechsteiii, Kiirze Urhfrs I'mj. p. l.'U. 1811 : Xevr Sjut'i \Valo>.
.Mennrii rulijaris Fleming, I'liitm. Ziir>l. vol. ii. p. 241. 1822 : Xen- South Wales.
.MegapiidiiiD meiinni Wagler. i^ijM. Am. Meynjmlliix, sp. i. 1827 : New South Wales.
Maeniira hjrata Le.sson, Mitn. il'Oni. vol. i. p. 2oy. 1828 : Xew South Wales.
.Maritum li/ra "Shaw" id., Trnilc d'Orn. p. 478. 1H31 : Xew South Wales.
.Ueniu-a paratV.-'Cii Swainsou. Cbissif. Binh, vol. ii. p. ih\. 1837 : Xew South Wales.

Lyre Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 41n.

Range : New South Wales.

602. Menura uovaehoUaudiae victoriae.

Menura ekloriae Gould, llamUi. Birrh .inxtr. vol. i. p. ,302. ISIi.T : Port Phillip, Victoria.

Victorian Lyre Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 41 'J.
Range : Victoria.

603. Menura alberti.

Mriiijra alherlr Gould, Birdt Anstr. Su/)//!. pl. !!•. 1851 ; Richmond River. Xow South Walos.

Niirthern Lyre Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 42<i.

Range : New South Wales (Richmond River).

OiiUEU FASSERIFURMES.
F.\Mii,Y PITTIDAE.
Genus FITTA.

Pilla Vieillot, .inali/se none. Oni. p. 42. 181B.

Type (liy monotypy) : P. li/rir/ii/ura (Linn(5).

604. Pitta versicolor versicolor.

Pi fill rrrsiruliir Swainsoii, Zonl. Juurn. vol. i. p. 41)8. 1H2,') (Jan.) : Xew South Wales.

Synonym :
Pitta slrepitans Tcmmiuck and Laugicr, Plmi. Cnhir. rl'Ois. vol. iii. 50' livr. pl. o33. 182.') (Apl.) :
New South Wales.

Noisy Pitta.

Mathews, HriitdliK.t No. 421 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

605. Pitta versicolor intermedia sul.sp. n.

Intermediate Noisy I'itta.

Mathews, Handlist No. 421 (pars).

Intermediate in size between P. t. versicolor and /'. '■. .vmiliiina, and differing

( 299 )

I'ldiii llie [irL'CL'diiig' in its liglilor niiilcrsiirtace uinl lirigliter red ou t.lit! iiiulei' taii-
rovei'ts and thighs, and the paler caji.

Type: (jueenshuid (Bellenden Ker), No. 1516.

Range : Mid Queensland.

60(i. Pitta versicolor simillima.

Pitta .tiiiiJ/liiiia Gould, I'lur. Unnl. So_: (_L,nnil.) 1808. p. 7(j : C.ipe York, Quceuslaml.

Synonym •
Pilla Icreffti Salvadori, .1//. S,,,-. Itnl. N.;. .V„(. vol. .\ii. p. al>\. lSt)9 : Cape York, Queensland.

Little Noisy Pitta.

Mathews, IlandUst No. 422.

Range : North Queensland (('ape York).

Oil?. Pitta macklotii yorki subsp. n.

Blue-breasted Pitta.
Mathews, Handlist No. 423 (pars).

Differs from P. m. macklotii in having a smaller bill and smaller wing —
lOU mm.

Type : Cape York, Queensland, No. T03.").
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

Nule. — PiUa cligglesi Krefit, Ibis, 186'J. p. 350 : ^few Guinea, and is therefore a synonym of
P, lH; in(l<-klolii.

608. Pitta iris.

I'iltfi iris Gould, Pnii-. Zii'i!. S'i\ (Liiii'l.) 184"2. p. 17 : Gobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory.

Rainbow Pitta.

Mathews, Handlist No. 424.

Range : Northern Territory, Nortli-West .Australia.

F.iMiLV ATRICHORNITHIDAE.
Genus ATRICHOBITIS.

A/richoniis Stejaegef, Ultiiul. Nat. Hist. (Kinu.sleyJ, vol. i\ . p. 41)2. 1K85.
Type (by monotypy) : A. rufc^cf.ns Ramsay.

GU9. Atrichornis clamosa.

Atrichia rlanuisii Gould, Proc. Znol. Soc. {Lund.) 18U. p. li : Western Australia.

Noisy Scrub Itird.
Mathews, llaitdlist No. 425.
Range : West Australia.

•ill I. Atrichornis rufescens.

Alricliia ru/esccns Ramsay, Prui;. Znnl. Soc. (Lund.) 18(jl). p. 4o8 : Ricbmon<l River, New South
Wales.

Hufous Scrnb Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 42(5.

Range : New South Wales (Hichmond and Clarence River Districts).

21

( 300 )

Famhy HIRUXDIXIDAK.
Genns CHELIDON.

Clielidoii Forster, •Si/iio/il. CaUil. Brit, Rinh. p. 17. 1817.

T\'pe (by monotypy) : C. rustica (Liuti^).

fill. Chelidon rastica gutturalis.

Uirtiiulo r/utliiriilis Scopoli, Del. Fl'ir. Fniui. hisiih. vol. ii. p. 'M'k \1W< : N'ew Guinea.

New Giiiiiea Cliimney SwhUdw.
Mathews, llnixllist No. 4'JT.
Range: North Australia. K\l r,iliiinlal.
Synonyms not worked on).

(il~. Chelidon javanica frontalis.

Hirundo fymt.il>sq\my Mii (iaimai-cl, Vnii. 4,- V .Ulml. Zuul. w\. i. p. -'04. 1830 : I)i>rcy Harbour,
New Guinea.

Eastern Swallow.

Mathews, llandli.st No. 4-!S.

Range: North Australia. Extralimital.

(513. Chelidon javanica neoxena.

H'iriiiido HPo.Tena Gould, Pmc. Zool. >'.<.■. {L^md.) 18+2. p. l.il ( 184:i) : South Coast Australia.

Welcome Swallow.

Mathews, Handlist No. 429 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales. Victoria, Tasmania, South .\ustralia.

014. Chelidon javanica carteri subsji. n.

Western Welcome Swallow.
Mathews, llamlUst No. 42'.) (pars).

DiflPers from C. n. neoxena in being paler on the t'orehead and tiiroat and
lighter on the abdomen and flanks.

Type: West Australia (Broome Hill), No. 1539.
Range : West Australia.

Genns CHEBAMOECA.

Cheramnern Cabanis, .l/ws. Heine, vol. i. p. 4'.'. I8.M.

Type (l)y monotypy) : C. lencosternu,m (Gould;.

01.5. Cheramoeca leiicosternum leucosternum.

Iliruiuio leu-mlcnii,^ Gould. Pmc. Z.u/. .Sw. (L,n,d.) I.SIO, [). 172 yi^U): N";imoi, Iritunor N'ew
South Wales.

Black-and-white Swallow.

Mathews, Jlandligt No. 430 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

( "^"1 )

liHi. Cheramoeca leucosteruum mai'ngli subsp. u.

Western Black-and-white Swallow.

Mathews, Handlist No. 430 (pars).

Differs from C. I. leacostcrnam in lieing' much paler on the head and mantle.

Type: Fitzroy River, North-We.st Australia, No. 9144.

Range : West Australia.

Genus FETBOCHELIDON.

Peti-rwheVidijii Cabauis, .1/'/^. Urine, vol. i, p. 47. 18.51.

Type (by subs, desig.) : P. mrli HOfjaster (Swainson).

'ilT. Petrochelidou nigricans nigricans.

llinmdn iti:in<yiiis Vicillot, .Vwcb. Diet, d' Uisl. N>U. vol. xiv, p. 523. 1817 : New South Wales.
Synonyms :

Hiniitilo pi/irliniiol'i Vigors aad Horsfield, 1 mim. Linn. Soc. (Lmid.) vol. .w. p. lOO. 182(i : Xew

South Wales.
Cnllocalia iirhorea Gould, Birds Antli: vol. ii. pi. 14. 184S : New Sjuth Wales.

Tree Martin.

Mathews, Handlist No. 431 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

018. Petrochelidon nigricans australis.

Uiiiinihi iiijirliiiuuln. aiiatralis Temminok and Scblegul, Fmiii. Ja/tmi. Ai-ca p. 35. 1850 : Tusmauia.

Tasmanian Tree Martin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 431 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

619. Petrochelidon nigricans neglecta subsi). n.

Western Tree Martin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 431 (pars).

Differs iVmn /'. n. nii/ricans in its slightly smaller size and duller coloration
above, especially on head and back.

Type : North- West Australia, No. 9145.
Range : North-West Australia.

•)-o. Petrochelidon nigricans distinguenda snbsp. n.

Murchison Tree Martin.

Mathews, Handlist No. 431 (pars).

Differs from /'. n. niyricans in its smaller si/.e, and t'nmi /'. //. neijlerta in its
niiich duller coloration above, the brilliant steel-blue being obscured by brown, and
its paler under-surface, especially on the Hanks.

Type : West Australia (East Murchison), No. 3892.

Range : West Australia.

( 302 )
<)'2l. Petrochelidou ariel,

Gillocalia ariel Gould, Proc. Znol. Soc. (Land.) 1842. p. 132 (1843) : Southurn Australia.

Fairy Martin.

Mathews, llamllisf No. 432.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, Tasnuuiia, Soutli Australia.

Genus UICBOECA.

ilicroeca Gould, Pror. Znol. Soc. {Lmd.) 1840. p. 172 (1841).

Type (by monotypy) : .1/. assimilis Gould.

'i-'~'. Microeca fascinans fascinans.

Lnxiafaschitin: Litham, liuler, Orn'lh. Sa/i/il. p. xlvi. I8i)l : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Mijitufra mw:ropttra Vigors ami Hor^field, Tram. Linn. Snc. (Loiut.) vol. xv. p. 2.')4. IS'iti : Xew

South Wales.
.Uiixcicapa plalt/rhi/iirha Quoy and Gaimard, V'li/. ilr I'Ailrol. Znol. vol. i. p. 178. 1830 : New South

Wales.

BrowQ Flycatcher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 433 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales.

<)'23. Microeca fascinans victoriae snhs]). n.

Southern Brown Flycatcher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 433 (pars).

Differs from .1/. /'. fnxi'inans in being greyer above.

Type: Victoria, No. 4541.

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

624. Microeca fascinans assimilis.

.Microeca assimilis Gould, Pro,-. Zo„\. So: (L.,i,l.) 1840. p. 172 ( ISII ) : Wostorn .\ustralia.

Lesser Brown Flycatcher.
Mathews, nandlL^t No. 434.
Range : West Australia.

ti"2."). Microeca fascinans pallida.

.Ificraecn jmllid'i De Vis, Pror. Hoi/. Sor, Queni.il. vol. i. p. Ifp'.l. 1884 : Norman River, Qaeenslaiul.

Pale Flycatcher.

Mathews, flandlisf No. 435 (pars).

Range : North Queensland, Northern Territory.

(VJC. Microeca fascinans subpallida subs|i. n.
Western Pale Flycatcher.
Mathews, llamllixt No. 435 (pars).

Differs from if. J. pallida in its smaller size, aipl jialcr coioratioii above ami
below. Wing : av. T',) mm. ; .1/. /. pallida : av. S3-5 mm.

Tyi)e : North-West Australia (Napier Broome Bay), No. 5747.
Range : North-West Australia.

( 303 )
027. Microeca brunneicauda.

Miiroeru hriiiiiirirniirlii Campbell. Eiiiii. vol. ii. p. 85. 19112 : Xorthern Territory.

Brown-tailed Flycatcher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 43ii.

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

028. Microeca flavigaster flavigaster.

Microeca, fl<ifiria'<tfr GouM, Piw. Z„nl. S„r. (Lmi,/.) 184'J. p. 1?.2 (184 i) : Port Essington, Northern
Territory.

Lemon-breasted Flycatcher.

Mathews, HatuUist No. 437 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

029. Microeca flavigaster terraereginae snlisp. n.

Queensland Yellow-breasted Fl3'catcher.
Mathews, [faniUist No. 437 (pars).

IMft'ers from J/. /. Jfacif/aster in its distinctly greener coloration above and
l)n'ghter yellow underneath.

Type: North Queensland (Uairns), No. 1596.
Range : North Qneensland.

Geans FETROICA.

Peli'iiiiyi Swaiason, Xnnl. l/lui. ser. ii. vol. 1. pi. :jl). 1829.

Type (by monotypy) : P. miiltirnlor (Gmelin).

031). Petroica multicolor leggii.

PHnieea /«/.'/"' Sharpe. C,d. Binh Bril. Mux. v.il. iv. p. 1G.5. 1879 : New South Wales.

Eastern Scarlet-breasted Robin.

Mathews, Hamllist No. 438 (pars).

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales.

031. Petroica multicolor fi-outalis snbsp. n.

Soutiieri] Scarlet-breasted Robin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 438 (pars).

Differs from P. m. Jcqciii in its smaller size and larger amount of white on the
forehead.

Type: Victoria, Xo. I(i(i4.

Range : Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

032. Petroica multicolor campbelli.

Peh-wm ciin)])belli Shiirpe. Dull. Biil. (Ini. Club, vol. viii. p. x.xii. 1H98 : West Australia.

Western Scarlet-breasted Robin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 439.
Range : West Australia.

( 304 )
fi3:i. Petroica phoenicea phoenicea.

Pelroica phoenicea Gould, Proc. Zool. Sue. (Lmnl.) 183ii. p. lilo (18:i7) : Xew Soutli Wales.

Flaiue-Vireasted Robin.

Mathews, Jlnndlist No. 440 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

Note. — Muscicapa boodang Lesson, Journ. unt Globe TliHis, vol. ii. p. 322.
1837 : Sydney, may be referable to this sjiecies, but the desciiptidn does not
exactly agree.

•134. Petroica phoenicea albicans subsp. n.

White-fronted Robin.
Mathews, HniiflUst No. 440 (pars).

Differs from /'. p. plwe»icen in its slighrly smaller size, ihirkor niiper-surfnee,
and conspicuously so by its larger amount of white on tlic forehead.
Type : Victoria, No P2o2.
Range: Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

635. Petroica rodinogaster rodinogaster.

Snxicola rodhingaster Drapiez, Ann. Gen. ilf-t Si-I. Pln/^. Bra.rrlles, vol. ii. p. .341. 181'.l : Maria
Island, Tasmania.

Synonym :

.Miisrlrrijia lathtimi Vigors (not StepheiTi. 1817), Xnnl. .Imini. vol. i. p. 410. ISiO : Tasmania.

Pink-breasted Robin.

Mathews, Handlist No. 442 (jiars).

Range : Tasmania.

030. Petroica rodinogaster inexpectata snlisp. n.

Victorian Pink-breasted Robin.

Mathews, llaridlist No. 442 (pars).

Differs from P. r. rodiitoyaster in its smaller size and darker coloration above.

Type: Victoria, No. 1033.

Range : Victoria.

637. Petroica rosea.

Prti-inca rosea Gould, Proe. Z„„l . Sue. {Li.ml.) 1H?,9. p. 142 (1840) : Hunter Ilivcr, New South
Wales.

Rose-breasted Robin.
Mathews, IhuidliM No. 443.
Range : New South Wales.

638. Petroica goodenovii goodenovii.

Muscicajia gooilennvii Vigors and Horsfield, Triinx. Linn. Sue. (I.oiitl.) vol. .\v. p. 24t>. 182lj : Pnutli
Australia.

Southern Red-capped Robin.
Mathews, IJandlint No. 444 (pars).
Range: Victoria, South Australia.

( 305 )

(i;5',i. Petroica goodenovii quoyi subsp. n.

Red-capped Robin.

Mathews, Ifanr/lixf No. 444 (pars).

Differs from P. //. (/oot/eiiflivi in its larger size, brighter red-coloration above,
and more extensive red below.

Type : New South Wales, No. 1644.
Range : New South Wales.

(WO. Petroica goodenovii ruficapilla subsp. n.

Western Red-capped Robin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 444 (pars).

Differs from F. g. goodenovii in the deei)er red-coloration on the forehead and
l)reast — -the coloration deeper than in P. g. qiw/i.
Type: West Australia (Broome Hill), No. 10,38.
Range : Sontli-West Australia. •

(541. Petroica goodenovii ramsayi.

Pi'trofra riiiiiKtii/i Shiirpe, CW/. Binh Brit. Mn^. vol. iv. p. 172. 187'.) : North-West Australia.

North-western Red-capped Robin.
Mathews, IlaiuUist No. 445.
Range : North-West Australia.

(i4,!. Petroica goodenovii alexandrae snbsji. n.

Northern Red-cap])i'd Robin.
Mathews, Ihindli>it No. 445 (pars).

Differs from /'. if. qoodenovii in its longer bill, paler coloration, and less red
below.

Type: Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 1(54:1
Range : Northern Territory.

(143. Petroica cucullata cucuUata.

]lii>!rirajin riiriilhila Latham, /mle.r (h'liiih. Stqipl. p. W. ISOl : New South Wales.
Synonym :

GralliiM birolnr Vigors and HorstielH. Tmn^. Linn. Sue. {Lniid.) vol. xv. p. '2311 18"26: Near
Prospect Hill, New South Wales.

Hooded Robin.

Mathews, Hatidlist No. 44(5 (jiars).

Range : New South Wales.

(544. Petroica cucullata vigorsi snbsp. n.

Southern Hooded Robin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 446 (pars).

Differs from /'. r. cucullata in its smaller size. Av. wing: IC mm. Ty]i. av.
wing : 101 mm.

Type: Victoria, No. 1661.

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

( 306 )

'i4."i. Petroica cucullata westralensis subs]!, n.

AVostern Hoodod Hobin.

Mathews, llamllisl No. 440 (jiars).

Differs from l\ c. vigorsi in its smaller size and also less white on the jarreater
wing-coverts and outer edge of the secondaries. Av. wintr : 94 ram. Av. win;;
r. c. cifforsi : 97 mm.

Type: West Australia (Perth), No. ](!().•>.

Range : South West Australia.

<i4(i. Petroica cucullata picata.

Melaiimlryas ijimhi Gould, lliimJh. rUnh .I,,./,-, vol. i. p. 285. LSGa : North-West Coast Au.stralia.

Pied Robin.

Mathews, HandUgt No. 447 (pars).

Range : North- West Australia.

047.* Petroica cucullata subpicata subsji. n.
Northern Pied Robin.
Mathews, Jldiidlist No. 447 (jiars).

Differs from /'. f. picata in its larger size, and from /'. r. cucuUtttfi in its
duller coloration. Av. wing : 93 mm. Av. wing P. c. picuta : fiii mm.
Type : Northern Territory, No, 1078.
Range : Northern Territory.

048. Petroica vittata.

.Uusrlcajj/i r'lltiilii Quoy and (iaimard. T.-//. -/,• VAstrnl. Zni,l. vol. i, p. 173. 18.30 : T,%sniaiiia.
Synonym :

Pelroica fuxia Gould, ftiv/y .\,islr. vol. iii. pi. 8. lM4i : T.^sniaiiia.

Dusky Robin.

Mathews, IhiniHixt No. 448.

Range : Tasmania.

Genns SMICROBNIS.

Smiorora/s Gould, Prw. Znol. Sor. (Liniil.) 184J. p. 13:? (184:1).

Tyjie Cby monotypy) : S.^/farescens Gould.

04'.i. Smicrornis brevirostris brevirostris.

Psilnjms hrerirmlns Gould, Si/m./is. Iii,,U A,r-.lr. pt. iv. pi. 01. 18:i8 : Xcn- .South Wales.

Short-billed Tree Tit.

Mathews, Ilmnllisf No. 449 (pars).

Range: New South Wales.

OoO. Smicrornis brevirostris pallescens subsp. n.
Pallid Tree Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 441» (juits).

Differs from .S'. h. hrerirostris in its much paler coloration above, and lacking
the yellow under-snrface of S. b. /lai-exn-n.-i.
Type: Qneensland (liikerniiui , No. 1700.
Range : Queenslanil.

( 307 )

051. Smicrornis brevirostris viridesceus snbs]>. n.
(Jreenish Tree Tit.
Mathews, IhimJUsf No. 44!t (pars).

Differs from <§. b. hreinrosfris in its diirker green coliiration aliiive, iiiori'
s]iotting on ttie tliroat, and lirigliter \-eliow on the flanks and abdomen.
Tv])e: Tailein Bend, Sonth Anstralin, No. Id9><.
Range : Victoria, Sonth Australia.

652. Smicrornis brevirostris occidentalis subsji. n.
Sj'nonym :

Umicroi-nis ocritlentalis Bonaparte, Oiitxii. Gfn. Ar. vol. i. p. •2'.I3. 1850 (nude name).

AVestralian Tree Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 449 (pars).

Differs from .S. b. rArideicens. in its yellower nnder-snrface and yellow-green
npper-surface, therein approaching S. b. brrvim.'ttris, bnt brigliter even than in that
form.

Type: West Australia, No. Higs.

Range : West Australia.

653. Smicrornis brevirostris flavescens.

Smlrn,ni;xfl,iivseei,.< Gould, Pruc. Zaol. Snc. (Lniiil.) 184l^ p. i:'.4 { 1 84:i) : Port Essingtoii, Xoillmrn
Territory.

Yellow-tinted Tree Tit.

Mathews, llinidl/st No. 450 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory.

654. Smicrornis brevirostris subilavescens subsji. n.
Pale Yellow-tinted Tree Tit.
Mathews, PTandlist No. 45i» (pars).

DiiVers from S. b. Jlioesceiis in its paler coloration, and from .S'. b. roqcrxi in its
ninch greener nnder-snrface, with the rnmp decidedly paler.
Tyj)e : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 1705.
Range : Interior Northern Territory.

655. Smicrornis brevirostris mungi snlis]i. n.

Mnngi Tree Tit.

Mathews, UandliM No. 450 (pars).

Tlie jialest form of Smicrornis yet discovered as regards the npper-siirface
iwloration, and distinguished from S. b. roc/ersi, its nearest subspecies, by its
brighter yellow uuder-surface.

Type : North-West Australia (Mnngi), No, 9000.

Range : Interior North-West Australia.

•iou. Smicrornis brevirostris rogfersi subsp. n.
North-Western Tree Tit.
Mathews, Umidlist No. 450 (pars).
Differs from 5. b. Jlarescens in its general coloration, r<'si'inliling nnire

( 308 )

S. b. occiflentalis, from wliicli it, is (liftereufiuttMl liy means ul' its lighter throat,
greyer head, and paler rump.

Type ; North- West Australia, No. oTSn.

Uaujre : North-West Australia.

Genns GEBYGOITE.

GTi/fione Gould, Piv/r. ;!onl. Sac. {Loml.) lK4i. p. 13.S (1843).

Tvpe ("hy nioiioty])y) : (t. alhotfulariii (toiiM.

657. Gerygone albogularis albogularis.

Pxilopiis albnfjularh Gould, .S//H"yi--. Birdx Aii"!/-. pt. iv. pi. Ill, 1S3S : New South Wales.

White-throated Flyeater.
Mathews, Handlht No. 4ol (pars).
Range : South fjneensland, New South Wales.

Note. — What is P.vloj)ii!s olieaceiiH (ionlil, i>i//io//.i. Biidx Aiisfr. jit. iv. pi. i;|.
1838 : New South Wales ?

658. Gerygone albogularis queenslaudica suhsp. u.

Pah- White-throated Flyeater.
Mathews, Ilaixllist No. 451 (pars).

Difl'ers from (i. a. albogularis in its smaller si/.e, |paler coloration above, and
lighter yellow below.

Type: Qneenslaud (Inkerman), No. 1709.
Range : Mid (.jjueenshind.

659. Gerygone albogularis rogersi.

Guri/fionp (ilhifiuliirin I'nf/erxi Mathews^ Xnr. yCn,,l. vol. .wiii. p. 2.S. litll: Derby, Xortli-West
Australia.

Grey Flyeater.

Matliews, llaniHist No. 4.")2.

Range : North-West Australia.

06u. Gerygone culicivora culicivora.

Psilup,,^ eiilieivnnis fiuulH, Pr;r. Zuol. 6V. (ioiji/.) 1840. p. 174 (1«4I ) : West .-Vustraliu (Sw.-in
River).

Western Flyeater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 455 (pars).

Range : West Australia.

601. Gerygone culicivora wayensis suhsj). n.

Lake Way Flyeater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 45o (pars).

Differs from (i. c. culicimra in its paler coloration above and below, es|)ecially
noticeable on the throat.

Type: Mid Westralia (Lake Way), No. 1727.
Range : Mid Westralia.

( 309 )

Ci(>2. Gerygone culicivora dendyi snbs|i. n.
Mnngi Flyeater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 455 (pars).

Differs from G. c. niUclvorn in its paler eolnrafioii above, lint darker rnfoiis on
tlie abdomen and flanks.

Tyi)e: North-West Australia (Mnnsi), No. 9104.
Range: Interior North-West Anstralia.

6(33. Gerygoiie culicivora exsul snbsp. n.
Eastern Flyeater.
Mathews, Ham/list No. 45.5 (pars).

Differs from (t. c. culiciponi. in its browner eoloration above and below and
longer bill.

Type : Victoria (Rntherglen), No. 1726.
Range : Vieforia, New South Wales.

Note. — Psi'ii(lo()ri-i/gom' coiixpicilhtta Gray, Ilamllixt No. 456, and Psetido-
fien/gone bntnneipectus Sliaqie, UauiJUtit No. 461, are New Gninea species. There
are no authentic oceurrenees of these birds in Anstralia, tliey are therefore omitted.

604. Gerygone magnirostris magnirostris.

Genigone iitai/iiiro.ilns Gould, Prur. Zonl. Sue. (Load.) 1842. p. \?<?> (ISW) : Port Essington. Norlljirn
Territory.

Northern Large-billed Flyeater.
Mathews, Ifaiidli.'it No. 457 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

665. Gerygone magnirostris cairnsensis subsji. n.

Eastern Large-billed Flyeater.

Mathews, IhindVst No. 457 (pars).

Dilfers from (t. in. iiiii</niroHtri.< in its mncli paler greyer ooliiraticm nbove and
paler below.

Type : Qneensland ((iairns), No. 1 73S.
Range : North Queensland.

666. Gerygone fusca fusca.

PmhjniS! fiiAciiK Goulfl, Si/iio/ik. Hir<U .Xiinlr. pt. iv. pi. ill. 18:W : New South Wales.

Brown Flyeater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 459.

Range : New South AVales.

667. Gerygone fusca pallida.

Gn-iiijuiie pallida North, .\iislr. Mux. S/irr, (iil. I. vol. i. p. IM. I'JO:! : Bellenden Ker Kliige,
(Queensland.

Pale Brown Flyeater.

Mathews, IInndli.it No. 460.
Range : North Qneensland.

( 31" )
668. Gerygone laevigaster laevigaster.

Gerygone laeviga^ler Gould, Pmr. Zool. Soc. (Loud.) 1842. p. 133 (1843) : Port Essington, Xorthein
Territory.

Buflf-breasted Flyeater.

Mathews, llniiflUst No. Wl (pars).

Range : Norfh-West Australia, Northeni Territory.

669. Gerygone laevigaster mungi Mibsp. n.

Miiugi Buff-breasted Flyeater.

Mathews, llamllist "So. 462 (pars).

Differs from G. I. laevic/asfer in its much paler coloration above and lielow.

Type: Nortli-West Australia (Mniigi), Xo. mu;!.

Range : Interior North- West Australia.

6711. Gerygone laevigaster mastersi.

Psriulinin-iiciiiiir //!•/ </<■/■<,■ Sh.irp.^, Cat. liii;h llril. !/«.<. vol. iv. p. '224. 187'.) ; O.ipo Yoi-k,
Queensland.

Synonym :
(•'nynone siinphx (uot Cabani.s) MasteiN, P,-tu\ Lhin. .S'./c. .V..S. II'. vol. i. p. Wi. LST'i : Oapc York.

Cape York Buff-breasted Flyeater.
Mathews, llnndlht No. 462 (pars;.
Range : North Queensland.

67(iA. Gerygone laevigaster mouki subsji. n.

Eastern Bnff-breasted Flyeater.
Mathews, lIuiuUiM No. 462 (pars).

Differs from (i. I. maxti-rxi in having the base of the tail-feathers grey, not
black.

Type: Cairns, North Qneenshuid, No. '.i54ii.
Range ; ( 'aims.

liTl. Gerygone laevigaster cantator.

PKeiulogeri/yniii: nmtator Weatherill, Queensland Nutiirulint^ vol. i. p. 74. IHOS : Mnreton Hay, Queens-
land.

Queensland Canary.
Range : South Queensland.

672. Gerygone tenebrosa tenebrosa.

Pneiiilo^/eri/tjoiie lenrlimsii Hall, Virt. Niitiinilisf, vol. xviii. p. 79. 1901 : Fitzroy River, North-West
Australia.

Dusky Flyeater.

Mathews, llamllist No. 4(i4 (jiars).

Range : North-West Australia.

( :5ll )

i'iT-^'a. Gerygoiie tenebrosa christophori sulisji. n.

Allied Uiisky Flyeatei-.
Mathews, HaiiiHitit No. 4(14 (i)itrs).

I)irt'e^^^ from (t. t. tenrhro.vi \u beiog more Ijnlt'y lirowu on the back, cspeoiiillv
ou the rump.

Type : Carnarvon, West Australia, No. 9632.
Range : Mid Westralia.

liTo. Gerygone chloronota.

Gcryguiir chhimmti's Gould. Pnir, Z„„l. Su,: (Lnml.) 1K42. p, 133 (1S43) : Port Essiiigloii. Xortliern
Territory.

(ireen-backi'd Flyeater.

]\ra.the\vs. IlmnHht No. 4().5.

Kauge : North- West Australia, Xorlheru Territory.

')T4. Gerygone personata personata.

Geryyoiie. iKixnimki Gould, Fnu-. Zmil. Sut: (I. unit.) 18tilj. p. 217 : Cipe York, Queensland.

Black-throated Flyeater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 406.
Range : North Queensland.

67.5. Gerygone personata flavida

liiryi/nni- /iii'iild Ramsay, Pine. Linn. Sue. .V.N. IT. vol ii. p. .53. 1877: Herliurt River District,
Queensland.

Herbert River Flyeater.

Mathews, ITa>Hlli.^t No. 467.

Range : North Queensland (Herbert River District).

Genus PACHYCEPHALA.

Pailiijiyiiliiilii, Vigor.s and llursfield. Trinia. Li/in. So,-, (/.uiul.) vol. xv. p. 238. lK2li.

Type (by snbs. desig.) : P. i/itftin-alfs (Latham i.

•)7i;. Pachycephala cinereifrons.

Pnerilnilri/iis ( riiierrifrijiiif Kamsciy, Piw. Ziiul. .S./,;. {Lf/iul.) lUli). p. 588 : Xcar Cardwell, Queensland.

Ashy-t'ronted Fly Robin.
Matiiews, [Iniir/li/if, No. 46S.
Range : North Queensland.

67:. Pachycephala superciliosa superciliosa.

Petnika sapereUhmi Gould, I'm-. Znnl. Snr. [himil) 1841). p. liMj. (I«47) : liurdekin Lakes,
Queensland.

White-browed Robin.
Mathews, llmuUist No. 47il.
Range : North Queensland.

( 312 )
*iT8. Pachycephala superciliosa cerviniventris

Piliuica? cereliiiveiitri" Gould, Pmr. Zmil. .S'...-. {Lnnil.) 187.0. p. 'J:il : Victoiia Itivur, XmUniii
Territory.

Buff-sideil Robin.

Mathews, Handlist No. W.).

Range: North-West Australia, NortlieiMi Territdrv.

liT'.i. Pachycephala lencura leucura.

En/millrin leiinim (touW, Ann. Mmj. Xal. Ili^l. ser. iv. vol. iv. p. lOH. ISli'.i : Cape Ymk.
Queensland.

W'hite-tiiiied Slirike Kohiii.

Mat Lews, llamllist No. 472 (iiai>).

Range : North Queenshiud.

680. Pachycephala leucura alligatoi' ^ulJ^|l. n.

Allii'il White-tailed Shrike Robin.

Matliews, Handlist No. 472 (pars).

Differs from P. I. leucura in its hirge?' size and darker head and lores.

Type : Northern Territory (Alligator R.), No. 'J342.

Range : Northern Territory.

1)81. Pachycephala leucura cinereiceps.

Pnecilo(lii/as rincreiceps Hartert, Xoi\ Zoul. vol. xii. p. 'I'il. IWh . "Svav Hauiptoii Harbour, West
Australia.

Grey-headed Shrike Robin.
Mathews, Ha/idl/at No. 471 (pars).
Range : Mid-Westralia.

682. Pachycephala leucura connecteus sulisp. n.

AVesteni Shrike Robin.

Mathews, Handlist No. 471 (pars).

Differs from P. c. cinereice/JS in having a darker head and back.

Type : Pt. Torment, North- West Anstralia, No. 5667.

Range : North-West Australia.

(IMJ. Pachycephala leucops albigularis.

Piuriltnlii/fix l<;ni-ii/i.i alb'i/jidnrix K.jthscliiUl iind Hartert, Xur. 7miI. vol. .\iv. p . 45'.l. I'JOT : Cape
York, Queensland.

White-lliroaled Fly ]{.<iliii].
Mathews, Handlist No. 473.
Range: North Qneensliiud.

')84. Pachycephala capito capito

En/jxalli-iii ra/iiln Gould, Pmr. Z.,,,!. So\ {/.■mt/.j IS.M. |i. ■_'«.'> i IH.'it i : l!ri.^lpillle Kiver, Queensland.

Large-lieaded Robin.

Mathews, Handlist No. 474.

Range: South Queensland, Now South Wales.

( 313 )
I'lfii). Pachycephala capito nana.

Eiipsiilh-Ki nana Kams^iy, rim-. Linn. .Sue-. .V..S. IT. vul. li. p. i'll. 1K77 : (jaiilwcll, Quuensiainl.

Little Robiu.

Mathews, Handlist No. 475.

Range : North Queensland.

680. Pachycephala gutturalis gutturalis.

TiirihiK ijiiliiiridis Latham, Inde.r llniith. Siipj,!. p. xli. IKOl : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Miixiiriqm iMjiiimlia Latham, fmle.i; Ornitli Sii/i/il. p. li. 1801 : New South Wales.
Miikirilla (lulikt Shaw. Nal. Misi-cU. vol. .\.\ii, pi, 94n. 1811 : New South Wales.

Pcu-liyrejilKilu fiiscn Vigors and Horsfiehl. Trans. Linn. .S'or. (L'lml.) vol. .\v. p. 240. 1826: New
South Wales.

White-throciteil Thickhead.
Mathews, IlnmUint No. (5(i7 (jiars).
Range : New South Wides.

687. Pachycephala gutturalis robusta.

rarhyrriilifila rnlmsla Masters, Pmr. LJnn. .S'.i.-. N.fi. W. vol. i. p, 4',l. 1875 : Cape York, yueouslaud.

Big-billed Thickhead.

Mathews, Handlist No. 504.

Range : North Queensland (("ape York ).

688. Pachycephala gutturalis queenslandica.

Paclu/Cfplia la iinemslandiot Reichenow, Ornitli. Mnmitsh. 18'.iy. p, 8: Bellenden Ker, North
Queensland.

Synonym :

I'arhijrepliala nirxtani De Vis, .iini. Qiirrnslanil .I/h.v. vol. vi. p. 44, UMJ.5 : Bellenden Ker, North
Queensland,

Queensland Thickhead.

Mathews, llnndlist Nos. OOo and (i7.'3.

Range : Queensland.

')80. Pachycephala gutturalis ashbyi snbsp. n.

Mountain Thickhead.

Mathews, Uandlint No. 0()7 (pars).

Differs from I', y. gutturalis in being greener yellow above and much more
reddish orange below.

Type: niackall Kiiiiges, Queenslaod, No. :^0o3.
Range : Sooth <^loeenslaiul.

Oiiii. Pachycephala gutturalis youugi hubsp. n.

Victorian Thickhead.
Mathews, Handlist No. 007 (pars}.

Differs from P. g. (/utturalis in having the tail for half its distance from the
tip quite black : the basal half being grey.
Type : Victoria, No. 2035.
Range : Victoria.

( 314 )
i''il. Pachycephala gutturalis glaucura.

I'lichi/cejiliala <ilan<um Gould, I'l-ur. Znnl. So,-, (/.ami.) lK4ri. p. I'.l : Tasmania.

Grey-tailed Thicklieail.
Mrttliews, llamllist N<>. 'iTl.
Kange : Tasmania.

0!i:j. Pachycephala gutturalis fuliginosa.

I'lirlii/ojihal'i fttUii'moM Vigors and Horsficld. Tnni^. Linn. S„c. (Lund.) vol. xv. p '.ill, 1820 : Soutli
Australia.
Syuonyiu :

PiuJii/cejiliula mffidhmnlh Nortli, Re: Ansli-. .\li,s. vol. v. p. IL'O. 1',I04 : South Australia.

.South Australian Yellnw-lireastci! Tlmldieatl.
Mathews, llaiuUist No. IJOV).
Hauge : Sonth Australia.

<U);i. Pachycephala gutturalis occidentalis.

I'nr/ii/r,'i,lia/ii wridnilidi>i Ramsay, Pn/ ■. Linn. S,,r. X.S. IT. vol. li. p. -111. 1)S77 : West Australia.

Western Thickhead.
Mathews, llanillist No. <iTO.
Range : West Australia.

1)94. Pachycephala gutturalis melanura.

hirlijircijiiida mcliinnva Gould. I'm.-. Zn„l. S,„-. (L.m-I.) IK42. p. 1:14 (1843j : Xorth-West Australia.

Syuouyni :
Eojincdlria Iiilli CampbuU, /-.'wim vol. .\. p. 1(58. I'.HO : Xapiur Broom Bay, North-West Australia.

Black-tailed Thickhead.
Mathews, Handlist No. ()<j:3.
Range : Nortli- West Australia.

li'.i.j. Pachycephala rufiventris rufiventris.

Si/loia rufiventrix Latham, Ind.x Onulh. Supjil. p. liv. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

I'lichyce.phida xlrinln Vigors aucl llorsfieM, I'nin^. Linn. S„r. (L.m.l.) vol. xv. p. J40. 182(! : New

South Wales.
LnniuK uuictdarius Quoy and (iaimard. V<iij. dr IW^In,}. Znnl. vol. i. p. 2.i7. 18311 : New South Wales.

Rnf'ons-breasted Thiekhcad.

Mathews, llnndlist No. 1)74 Ciiars).

Range: South Queensland, New Soutli Wales, Vichiria.

<)U(i. Pachycephala rufiventris pallida.

I'ntdiii'-i'idiidii ii'diidii Ramsay, /'/••«■. Z,//ih. N.<.'. .V.N. IT. vol. ii. p. ■-'■-'4. 1877: (iulf of Carpentaria,
yueenslaiid.

Fale-breasted Thickhead.
Mathews, llaiuUist No. tJT3.
Haiige : North Queensland.

( 315 )

697. Pachycephala rufiventris inornata.

Pachj/cephala innriiaUi Gould, Froc. Zoul. Sue. {Lmid.) 1840. p. 104 (1H41) : South Australia.

Southeru Rufons-breasted Thickhead.

Mathews, Haiidllat No. 074 (pars).

Range : South Australia, Soutii-West Australia.

698. Pachycephala rufiventris falcata.

Pachtjfpphala falratn Gould, Pror, Zool. Sor. {Loud.) 1842. p. 134(1843) : Port Essington, Northern
Territory.

Northern Thickhead.

Mathews, Haiullist No. 672.

Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

009. Pachycephala rufogularis rufogularis.

Padnjrephiila r,ifu;iularh Gould, Pivc. Zool. Sor. {Lonl.) 1840. p. 1G4 (I84I) : South Australia.

Eastern Red-throated Thickhead.

Mathews, Handlist No. 070 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

701). Pachycephala rufogularis gilbertii.

Parhyrrphahi ijilbcrlil Gould, Pni,\ Zwil. Scic. (Lund.) 1844. p. 107 : Westorn Australia.

Red-throated Thickhead.

Mathews, Haiidlist No. 070 (jiars).
Range : ^Vest Australia.

701. Pachycephala griseiceps peninsulas.

Pii'-li i)ir phalli pciiinsuUie Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Clith vol. viii. p. xx.'iiii. 189'J ; Cape York,
Queensland.

Girey Thickhead.

Mathews, Handlist No. 000.

Range : North Queensland ((Jape York).

702. Pachycephala olivacea olivacea.

Pai-'h i/rpphala nVraira Vigors and Horsfiuld, Trnit^. Linn. Snc. {Lmul.) vol. xv. p. 241. 1826 ;
Tasmania.

()live Thickhead.

Mathews, Handlist No. 077 (pars).

Range : Tasmania.

703. Pachycephala olivacea tregellasi subsp. n.

Allied Olive Thickhead.
Mathews, Handlist No. 677 (pars).

Differs from P. o. olivacea in being not so reddish chestnut above, and being
paler below.

Type : Victoria, No. 4908.
Range : Victoria.

22

( 316 )
7U4. Pachycephala grisola simplex.

PuchycephalasimpletCrOuU, Proc. Zool.Soc. {Land.) m>. p. 135 (18 13) : Pork Essington, Northern
Territory.

Brown Thickhead.
Mathews, [laixllist No. f.T9.
Range: Northern Territory.

Tti.'i. Pachycephala lanioides lanioides.

Pachjcephrh. hwloi,!.'. Gouhl, rrn.-. Zn..t. So.: (I..„„l.) IH.'i'J. p. 142 (IS40): North-west coast
Australia (Derby).

White-bellied Thicivhead.
Mathews, IIaii(llist No. fjso.
Rans;e : North-West Australia.

71 ti"). Pachycephala lanioides fretorum.

PachyceplmUifrflonu,, De Vis, Pro : Roy. Soc. Queen,!, vol. vi. p. 237. 1889 : Cambridge Gulf, Gulf
of Carpentaria.
Torres Straits Thickhead.
Mathews, Handlist No. -681.
Range : North Queensland.

TOT. Pachycephala australis australis.

Motarilla (iiislndh White, .luuni. I'..y. New !i<ndh WoUs, p. 2.19. 1790: New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Todux J{aviyai,lrr Latham, Inder Oriiith. vol. i. p. 268. 1790: New South Wales.
Todiiii xaiiihoyM,!- Shaw, Gen. /Cool. vol. viii. pt. 1. p. 132. 1812 ; New S.iiith Wales.
Mmeieo,m grheieapUh, Vicillot, .V."'c. Dhl. dffixt. .\al. vol. xxi. p. 489. 1818 ; New South Wales.
Sylria chr!/soga.,tra Stephens, in Shaw's Gni. Zoul. vol. x. p. 72r>. 1817 : New South Wales.
EopMlti-ia Jiaeirollis Swainson, C'las.ii/. Birdx, vol. ii. p. 2.50. 1837 : New South W:iles.
Enpmltria parvidus GoulJ, .S',/Hoyw. Birds Anslr. pt. iv. App. p. 2. 1838 : New South Wales.

Yellow-breasted Shrike Robin.
Mathews, Handlht No. 6S3 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

70S. Pachycephala australis viridior subs]), n.

Green-rura])ed Shrike Robio.
Mathews, Handlist No. 683 (pars).

Differs from P. a. aiistrali.t in its greener cohiration, especially on the rump
and under-suri'ace.

Type : Victoria, No. 9054.
Range : Victoria.

709. Pachycephala australis chrysorrhos.

Eopsallria ehr;/.mrrho.i Gould, .!««. M,i,j. .Vat llist. ser. iv. vol. iv. p. lil'.l, ISi'.O ; Eiistern parts
New Soutli Wales.

Yellow-rnmi)ed .Sjirike Robin.

Mathews. f/ti)id/i.st No. 684.

Range: New South Wnjeg (North), Soutli Queensland.

( 317 )
710. Pachycephala australis magnirostris.

Eopmltria nmgnim!>lr>s (loiild, Ann. .Uaij. Nat. Hist. ser. iv. vol. iv. p. lO'J. 18i;;i : R'^kinfliam
Bay, Queenslanil. "

Synonym :

Eop-ialtria jai-k.-iuiu Le Souef, Emu vol. i.\. p. 70. 1903 : Horbertoa Range.

Large-billed Shrike Roliin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 6.S7.
Range : North Queensland.

Til. Pachycephala australis gularis.

Muscirnpa gularh Quny and Caimard, V<,)/. de I'Astnd. Zn„l. vol. i. p. 176. 1830 : King George's
Sound, West Australia.

Synonym :

Enpmllrm grisciji/tdan.H Gould, Si/iinps. Birds Austr. App. p. 2. 1838 ; Swan River.

Grey-breasted Shrike Robin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 685 (pars).
Range : South- West Australia.

711a. Pachycephala australis rosinae snbsp. n.
Allied Grey-breasted Slirike Robin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 085 (pars).

Differs from P. a. galaris in having the grey band on the throat, of a deeper
colour, and wider : the rump also is not so yellow.

Type : Eyre's Peninsula, South Australia, No. 9595.
Range : South Australia.

712. Pachycephala euidae nom. no v.

Enpsaltriaf inormta Ramsay (not Gould), Pnii: Zuol. Sue. (Loud.) 1874. p. 604 : Rockingham Bay,
Queensland.

Neglected Shrike Robin.

Mathews, Handlist No. 688.

Range : Rockingham Bay, Queensland.

713. Pachycephala georgiana-

Miiscicapa genrgiami Qiioy and Gaimard, Vug. de I'Astnd. Ztud. vol. i. p. 175. 1830 : King George's
Sound, West Australia.

Synonym :

ESpsaltria leucogristn- Gould, Proc. Znnl. Sue. {Low!.) 1846. p. i;) ; West Australia.

White-breasted Shrike Robin.
Mathews, Handlist No. 686.
Range : South- West Australia.

A'o^''. — Under I'ac/i//cep/ia la I liave included tlie species sometimes referred to
the genera Heteronnjias, Eiipsaltria, and Poecilodri/as, and have placed the genns
in the family Muscicapidae. Previously Heteromyias and Poecilodnjas had been
placed in this family, but Pachycephala and Eijpsaltria in the Laniidae : yet the

( 318 )

same birds woiiM sometimes be classed in Enpsnltna, sometimes in Poecilodnjas.
Even indging from colour alone the divisions were incorrect, as " Eopsiltria
georgiana" seems very near ^'Poecilodnjas" leucuia, and should certainly be classed
in the same division of the genus.

Genus KHIFIDURA.

lihiphhmi Vigors ami HursfieM, 7V.(».s. Linn. So: (Lond.) vol. xv. p. iVi. 182G.

Type (by subs, desig.) : A'. Jabellifora (Gmiiiii).

714. Rhipidura flabellifera alisteri.

Rhi,Mura albis,:„i,aalistevi Mathews. Bull. Brit. On,. Clnh. vol. xxvii. p. 87. I'Jll : New South Wales.

White-shafted Fantail.

Mathews, Haiullist No. 476 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

71. J. Rhipidura flabellifera victoriae subsp. n.

Victorian Fantail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 476 (pars).

Intermediate between R. f. alisteri and R. f. albiscapa ; nearer the latter in
having the dark back, from which it is easily separable by its smaller size.
Type : Victoria, No. sr)47.
Range : Victoria.

716. Rhipidura flabellifera albiscapa.

Rhipidura olhixcaix, Gould, Fru-. Z.,.!. s.,.. ( /, /.) 1840. p, li:i ClMI ) : Tasmania.

Synonyms :

Rhipi.Ura mturata (not Salvadori) Sharps. Cal. Hir.h Brit. .Ifc. vol. iv. p. 311. 187;i : Tasmania.

Rhipiilnra diemeimmx Sharpe. Ihi«, 187;i. p. Si'iH : Tasmania.

RUi,,nl„ra .hnrpei Ramsay, Pr„: Linn So,: N.S.W. vol. iv. p. :il8. 1879: Tasmania.

Dusky Fantail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 478.

Range : Tasmania.

717. Rhipidura flabellifera whitei snbsp. n.

South Australian Fantail.

Mathews, Hoiidlist No. 476 (pars).

Differs from R.f. alisteri in its larger bill a,n(l slightly (birkcr upper coloration.

Type : South Australia, No. 1 7s3.

Range : South Australia.

718. Rhipidura flabellifera phasiana.

niuindura phasinmi De Vis, Pro.-, h'.,,,. tioc. Quecndand, vol. i. p. 158. 1884: Norman River,
Kimberley, Queensland.

Pheasant Fantail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 477 (pars).

Range : North Queensland.

( 319 )

719. Rhipidura flabellifera subphasiana subsp. n.

Allied Plieasant Faiitail.

Mathews, lbiiuHi)it Nn. 477 (pars).

Differs from R. /'. phuxhinn in its jialer coloration above and richer cdidur
below, and easily separable frcmi U. f. /n-cissi in generally lacking the pectoral
band.

Type: Ni.rtli-West .\nstralia (Derby), No. 8672.

Range : North-AVest Australia.

7^.'n. Rhipidura flabellifera harterti subsp. n.

Inkeruian Fantail.
Mathews, Havdligt No. 470 ([lars).

Differs from It.f. filiatfri in its ligliter grey coloration above, less marked liand
on the breast, and more uniform paler abdomen coloration.
Type : Queensland (Inkerman), No. 1781.
Range : Mid Queensland.

7:^1. Rhipidura flabellifera frerei subsp. n.

Mountain Fantail.
Mathews, Ha/x/l/.sf No. 470 (par^).

Differs from //. /'. hartiTti in its smaller size : wing 70 mm. {Iniiierti, wing
75 mm).

Type : Bartle Frere, North Queensland, No. 5885.
Range : Queensland (Bartle Frere).

722. Rhipidura flabellifera albicauda.

Rhipidura albieamla North, Ibis, Ifi'ib. p. .'i-io : Stokes' Pass, Central Au.stralia.

White-tailed Fantail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 479.
Range : Central Australia.

72 ;i. Rhipidura flabellifera preissi.

Rhipidura preissi Cabanis, Mus. Heine, vol. i. p. 57. 1850 : West Australia

Western Fantail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 480.
Range : West Australia.

724. Rhipidura rufifrons rufifrons.

Miiscicapa rufifrons Latham, Index (Jrnilh. SiipjjI. p. 1. 1801 : New South Wiiles.

Rnfons Fantail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 483 (pars).
Range: New South \Vales.

725. Rhipidura rufifrons inexpectata subsp. n.
Victorian Hufous Fantail.
Mathews, Hamllisl No. 483 (parsj.

( 320 )

Differs from R. r. rufifions iu its larger size and darker coloration throughout.
Type : Victoria, No. 8120.
Range : Victoria.

726. Ehipidura rufifrons intermedia.

RhipUlma mlirmcVa North, Vi.t. Xuturah.^l. vol. .xix. p. 101. \:«'> : Hellenden Ker Ranges,
Queensland.

Intermediate Rufous Fantail.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 4s4.
Range : North Queensland.

726a. Ehipidura rufifrons kempi sulisji. n.

Cape York Rufous Fantail.
Mathews, Ilanrllist No. 484 (pars).

Dift'ers from it!, r. intermedia in its lighter colonr.'d (iigiit brown) ear coverts,
and smaller size.

Tjpe : Caj)e York, North Queensland, No. 98U6.
Range : North Qneenshind (Cape Y'ork).

727. Ehipidura rufifrons dryas.

RhipUlura dri/as Gould, Prnr. Zool. Sor. (Loi,cl.) 1842. p. 1.82(1843); Port Essington, Northern
Territory.
S3'nonym :
Rhipidura mai/i Ashby, Emu, vol. xi. UUl. p. 41 : Anson Bay, Northern Territory.

Wnnd Fantail.

Mathews, Ilandlist No. 485 (pars).

Range: Northern Territory.

728. Ehipidura rufifrons parryi snlisp. n.

North-Western Wood Fantail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 485 (pars).

Differs from li. r. ruffronn in lacking the scale-like markings on the breast.

Type: North-West Australia, No. 1799.

Range: North-^Vest Australia.

729. Ehipidura setosa isura.

Rhipidura ifura Gould, Proc. Zool. Sue. (Loud.) 184U. p. 174 (lb41) : North-West Coast Australia.

Northern Fantail.

Mathews, Ilandlist No. 486 (pars).

Range : Nortli-West Australia, Northern Territory.

730. Ehipidura setosa superciliosa.

Rhipidura siipen-ilium Kamsay, I'lm: Zn,d. Sfi: (Lund.) 1H74. p. 0U4 : Rockingham Bay,
Queensland.

Queensland Fantail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 486 (pars).

Rauge : North Queensland.

(321 )
73 1. Rhipidura tricolor motacilloides.

Rhipidiira nwtaeilloides Vigors ami Horslield, Trans. Linn. Sur. [Litiul.) vol. xv. p. 248. 182S:
George's River, New South Wales.

Black-and-white Fantail.

Mathewi:;, riandliit No. 487 (par.s).

Range ; Qneen.sland, New South Wales, Victoria.

732. Rhipidura tricolor picata.

Rhijtidiim piiyiUi Gould, Birds Aiistr. vol. i. Introil. p. x.xxix. 1848: Port Essington, Northern
Territory.

Western Black-and-white Fantail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 487 (pars).
Range : Northern Territor)-, North-West Australia.

Genus MYIAGRA.

Myiagra Vigors and Horsfield, Trims. Linn. Soc. (Lnnd.) vol. xv. p. 2')(). 1826.

Type (by subs, desig.) : .]/. rubecula (Latham).

733. Myiagra rubecula rubecula.

Todus rnlernia Latham, Inde.r Ornith. Siqipl. p. xxxii. 1801 ; New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Pkiti/rlnjnchos rnfi.rnliis Vieillot, Nuuv. Diet. d'Hist. Xiif. vol. xxvii. p. 1.^. 1818: New South

Wales.
Mjliagra rubrroJnides Vigors and Hor.ffield, Trans. Linn. Sor. (Lnnd.) vol. xv. p. '2.^3. 182i'i : New

South Wales.
Myiagra plumhea id., ih. p. 2.54. 182(i : New South Wales.

Leaden Flycatcher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 488 (pars).
• Range: South Queensland, New South Wales.

734. Myiagra rubecula yorki subsp. n.
Northern Leaden Flycatcher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 488 (pars).

DiflPers from M. r. rubecula in its smaller size : wing, 75 mm.
Type: Cape York, North Queensland, No. 18'.iG.
Range : North Queensland.

73.5. Myiagra rubecula ringwoodi snbsp. n.
Vietnriiui Leaden Flycatcher.
Mathews, Hnndlist No. 4S8 (pars).

Differs fri)iu .1/. i\ rulicnila in its much greyer upper-suri'ace.
Type : Victoria, No. 'J4.')l.
Range : Victoria.

73(i. Myiagra rubecula concinna.

Myiagra eonnnua Gould, Birds Auslr. vol. li, pi. 'JO : North -West Australia.

Blue Flycatcher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 489.
Range : North-West Australia.

( 322 )
737. Myiagra nitida nitida.

Myiagra niliila Gould, SiiuopK. D,nl« Auslr. pt. iv. App. p. i. IHIi.S : Xew South Wales.

Satin Flycatcher.

Mathew.s, [[imc/li.st Nit. 490 (pars).

Range : New South Wah's, Victoria, Tasmania.

l'i><. Myiagra nitida robinsoni .snl)s]i. n.

Northern Satiu Fl_vcatcher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 49U (pars).

Differs from M. i>. n'dnht in its duller i^iloration — tliat is, less glossj'.

Type : Cooktown, North Queensland, No. U4."):j.

Range : North Qneenslaud.

73'J. Myiagra latirostris latirostris.

Myiagra lalirosU-U Gould, Pi-nc. Zonl. Soc. (Loml.) 1840. p. 17:.'(1«41) : North-West Coast Australia
(Derby).

Broad-billed Flycatcher.
Mathews, namllist No. 401.
Range : North-West Australia.

739a. Myiagra latirostris kempi subsj). n.

Cape York Broad-billed Flycatcher.
Mathews, HamUist No. 491 (pars).

Differs from ^1/ I. latirostris in its narrower and rc> [minti'd bill.

Type : Cape York, North Qneenslaud, No. 9^05.
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

Genus MACHAEBIKHYNCHUS.

Machiierirhyiichus Gould, I3inl< Aimtr. Sttppl. pi. 11. 1851.
Type (by monotypyj : M. flaciceiiter (jiould.

74u. Machaerirhynchus flaviventer flaviventer.

MachaerirhyiKhm fianrenler {:^ov,\A, Birds Au.ilr. Suj'jil. pi. II. 1851 : Cape York, Queensland

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher.
Mathews, Haridlist No. 492 (pars).
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

741. Machaerirhynchus flaviventer secundus subsp. n.

Cairns Yellow-breasted Flycatcher.

Mathews, JIamllist No. 492 (pars).

Differs from M.j'.jluvitenter in its larger size : wing, 02 mm.

Type : North Queensland (Bartle Frere), No. 4170.

Range: North Queensland (Cairns).

( 323 )

Genns SEISTJBA.

Seisura Vigors and Hirsfield, Trans. Liim. Son. (Lninl.) vol. xv. p. '24y. 182().
Type (b}' monotyp)') : S. iiiquli'ta (Latham).

742. Seisura inquieta inquieta.

Tiirdiix imnin'lus Latham, ImJre Oniiih. Sn/ijil. p. xl. ISdl ; Nc;\v South Wales.

Synonyms :
Tnrdnx (bihiiis Latham, Indrj^ Oniilh. Sii/i/il. p. xl. 1801. j
Tiirdiis rnlilum id., ill., p. xli. Xew South Wales.

Tiirdiis iHiisriunla id., ib., p. xliii. J

Restles.s Flycatcher.

Mathews, Handlist No. 493 (pars).

Range : New South Wa]es, Victoria, South Australia.

743. Seisura inquieta nea subsp. n.
Northern Restless Flycatcher.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 493 (pars).

Differs from .S'. /. iii'iuie.ta in having shorter tail and winj,^s : wing 99 mm.
Type: QueenslaQcl, No. 1863.
Range : Queensland and Northern Territory (Alexandra).

744. Seisura inquieta westralensis subsp, n.
We.stern Restless Flycatclier.
Matliews, Handlist No. 493 (pars).

Differs from <S. i. inquieta in its larger size : wing, 113 mm.
Type : Broome Hill, South- West Australia, No. 1856.
Range : South-West Anstr<ilia.

745. Seisura inquieta nana.

Seimra mma Gould, Ann. iliig. Nat. Uist. ser. ii. vol. vi. p. 224. 187U : North-We.st Australia.

Little Flycatcher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 494.
Range : North-West Australia.

Genus ARSES.

Arses Lesson, Traile d'Ornitli. p. 387. 1830.

Type (by monotypy) : A. telescopthalmiis (Garnot).

740. Arses kaupi.

Arses himpi Gould, Birds Auslr. Snppl. pi. 10. 1851 : North Co.ist Au.stralia (Cairns).

Synonym :
Arses lerraereginae Campbell, Proc. Roy. Snc. Vict. vol. viii. p. 25. 1895: Bloomfield District,
Queensland.

Australian Pied Flycatcher.
Mathews, [lundlist No. 495.
Range : North Queensland.

(324)
747. Arses telescopthalmus lorealis

Ai-Mx luivalis De Vis, Pm-. Linn. Sor. X.SAV. ser. ii. vol. x. p. 171. 181)5: Cape York, Queens-
land.

Sj'iionyiii :

Areex candidior " De VU," Le Soiiiif, Ibi.i 1897. p. .3'.)7 : Cape York (noin. nud.).

Frill-iipoked Flycatcher.

Mathews, Ihuitllist No. 496.

Range : North Quoensland (Cape York).

Genns MONABCHA

Mniiiirrhn Vigors and Horsfield, Tran.-<. Linn. Sac. (Lnnil.) vol. xv. p. 2')i. 1X26.

Type (by mmiotypy) : M. melaiiops/g (Vieillot).

748. Monarcha alecto nitida.

Pieznrlnjnrhfi!: niliihix Could, Prnr. Znol. Snr. {Loml) 1840. p. 171 (1841): North-West Coast
Australia.

Shining Flycatcher.

Mathews, ffa/x/l/.st No. 497 fpars).

Range : North-West Australia.

749. Monarcha alecto wardelli.

Piesorhiimhus niliilus n\u-(Mli Mathews, Bnll. Brit. Orn. Club. vol. xxvii. p. 9U. 1911 ; Cooktown,
North Queensland.

Long-billed Shining Flycatcher.
Mathews, Jlaiidlist No. 497 (pars).
Range : North Queensland.

751). Monarcha trivirgata albiventris.

Monarcha aU/iventris Gould, I'l-oi: Znol. Sac. (Loml.) 1800. p. 217 ; Cape York, Queensland.

Synonym :

Pierurhiimlius meilius Sharpe, Tteji. Zool. Coll. Ahrt, p. 14. 1884 : Port MoUe, Queensland.

White-vented Spectacled Flycatcher.
Mathews, JJa)/<///sl No. 49s.
Range : North Queensland.

7.'")1. Monarcha trivirgata gouldii.

Monariha i/i„ilili, Cray, Pii^r, Ziu.l. Sue. {Loml.) 1800. p. ^62: New South Wales.

Si)ectacled Flycatcher.

Mathews, Udiidli^t N". 499.

Range : New South Wales, South Queensland.

752. Monarcha leucotis.

Monarcha leucotis Gould, Pioc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.) IS.'jO. p. 201 (18,51) : Cape York, Queensland.

White-eared Flycatcher.

Mathews, Uunilli.fl No. r)l)9.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

( 325 )
753. Monarcha melanopsis melanopsis.

Miisckapa melaiinpsh Vieillot, Xniir. I)„-I. illlist, \'ai. vol. -Kxi. p. 450. 1818 : New South Wales.

Synonym :

itmiarclia r.iir' .da Vigors :inJ Hor.sfield, Trari'^. Linn. Sur. (L,i,i'l.) vol. xv. p. 2.'ri. 18-2i; : Thirsty
Sound, Queensland.

Black-faced Flycatcher.

Mathews, Hfindli.'it No. 501.

Kaiige : New South Wales, South yiieenslaud.

754. Monarcha melanopsis canescens.

MiiHiircha ame.smis Salvador!, Aitii. Mils. Ch\ O'c.wii: vol. vii. p. 991. 1875: Cape York,
Queensland.

Pearly Flycatcher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 502.
Range : North QneenslaTul.

Family CAMPOPHAGIDAE
Genus PTEROPODOCYS.

Pteropodoryu Gould, Birds Aiisli: vol. ii. pi. 59. 184(j.

Type (by monotypy) : P. maxima (Riii)pell).

755. Pteropodocys maxima maxima.

C'ebhpijris maxima Kuppell, Mils. Seiich-iili. vol. iii. p. 28. 18.3'J : New South Wales.

Synonym :

Graumliis phasianellus Gould, Prnc. Zixil. Soc. (Loud.) 1839. p. 142 (1840) : New South Wales.

Eastern Ground Cuckoo Shrike.

Mathews, Handlist No. 503 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria, South Anstralia.

75(5. Pteropodocys maxima neg^lecta sulisp. n.

Western Gronnd Cnckoo Shrike.

Mathews, Handlist No. 503 (pars).

Differs from P. m. maxima in its darker coloration aliove and lielow.

Type : Broome Hill, South-West Anstralia, No. 1912.

Range : West Australia.

757. Pteropodocys maxima pallida snbsp. n.
Northern (inmiid CiU'.koi) Slirik<'.
Mathews, Handlist No. 503 (pars).

Ditfers from P. m. maxima in its much paler coloration above and below.
Type : Ale,\audra, Northern Territory, No. 1005.
Range: Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

Genus COBACINA.

Curacina Vieillot, Analyse nmir. Uriiith. p. 37. 1810.

Type (by subs, desig.) : C. jjajniensis (Gmelin).

( 326 )
7r)8. Coracina novaehoUandiae novaehoUandiae.

Titrdim mmii-hiillaiuliup Ginelin, .Si/»V. .Yn/. p. Ml 4. ITH'.i : Ailveiiture Bay, T;«>ni:inia.

Syiinnyms :

? C'lilluriiiiicla amrimiii Hiiltoii, (Jul. Binh .\iw Ziul. p. lo. 1.S7I : New Zealaml ai'niil.

Coracina melanops tanmaiiica Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. xxvii. p. lllii. I'.il 1 . 'rasniauia.

Siiwll-ljilletl f'uclvod Sliiiko.
Miitliews, llaiidli.'it Xo. riU.").
R!Uig;e : Tasinania.

T.'i'.i. Coracina novaehoUandiae melanops.

Cort}iin iiii'taitnps Latham, hi In: liritUh. .">n]ijil. p. .vxiv. ISiJI : New South Walos.

Synoii3ms :
Grniu-ahix rhowari Laugicr. Cul. HinU p. K. 18;V*i : Xew South Wales.

Gratiralit^ jHirrirostriii GouUI, .Si/mtp^. Binh .^ti.-ilr. pt. iv. pi. .Oli. IH.'iH ; Xew South Wales.
(jfraucalux mflaiittiix id., ih.

Blaok-faoed Cuckoo Slirikc.
Mathews, IhiniUisi Xo. "iti4 (pars).
Range : New .South Wah's, Victoria.

TOO. Coracina novaehoUandiae westralensis subsp. n.

Western Black-faced (Uickoo Shrike.
Mathews, Ilamlli.'it No. 504 (pars).

Differs from (_'. n. nocaehoUniidiac in its hirijer size and liirliter n]iiier
coloration. Wing : 200 mm.

Type : Wilson's Inlet, Sontli-West Australia, No. iJ4r)2.
Range : West Australia.

761. Coracina novaehoUandiae subpaUida subsp. n.

Northern Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike.
Mathews, Hamlli.-it No. .504 (pars).

Differs from C. n. connecten.'i in its much paler ujiper-snrface and smaller size
(wing 184 mm.).

Type: North-West Australia, No. iy2I.

Range : North-We.st Australia, Northern Territory.

702. Coracina novaehoUandiae connectens Kubs[i. n.

Queensland Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike.
Mathews, Handlist No. 504 (pars).

Differs from C. n. nocaelwllandiae in being paler above and slightly smaller
in size.

Type : Inkerman, Queensland, No. 1922.
Range : North Queensland.

Sote. — Since my description of Coracina melanops tasmanica I have recognised
that Tun/us novaehollandiae was founded on this bird. In the description the size
is given as " 7 inches," otherwise it is easily recognisable. Upon investigation 1
found that this name was founded on a drawing by Ellis, aM<l examination of that

( 327 )

drawing in the British Museum shows it to be a splendid figure of this species, as
was determined by Sliarpe, Ilisf. Coll. Brit. Man. vol. ii. p. 200, 1U06, but as no
measurements are noted, Latham took the figure as natural size and therefore
wrote " 7 inct ,s,"

763. Coi-acina hypoleuca hypoleuca.

Graucatus hi/pohueuf: Gould, Pror. Zuol. Soc. (Lund.) 1848. p. 38 : Port Essington, Northern
Territory.

White-bellied Cuckoo Shrike.

Mathews, Handlist No. 506 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North-W^est Australia.

764. Coracina hypoleuca stalker! subsp. n.

Grey-banded Cuckoo Shrike.

Mathews, Jtriiidli.it No. ottO (pars).

Differs from C. h. hi/poleuca in its slightly smaller bill and in having a distinct
greyish band on the breast. Culm. 10 mm., wing 1.5H ram. ; typical culm. 23 mm.,
wing 145 mm.

Type: Cooktown, Queensland, No. 5824.

Range : North Queensland.

765. Coracina robusta robusta.

Lanius robustui Latham, Iwlej: Oniilli. Siippl. p. .xviii. no. f>. IMOl : Xew .South Wales.

Synonym :

Cvrvus melanuga-iter Latham, liitle.i- Oriiith. Siip/il. p. xxv. 1801 : New South Wales.

Little Cuckoo Shrike.

Mathews, Handlist No. 507 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

766. Coracina robusta mentalis.

Grauraliis menlalisWgors s.nA'B.oXi&eXA, Tiaiis, Linn. Sot'. {Land.) vol. .xv. p. 217. 1826: South
Australia.

Southern Cnckoo Shrike.
Mathews, Handlist No. 507 (pars).
Range : South Australia.

Note. — Since my note rejecting Lanius rohustus Latham as ai)plicabh^ to
the bird commonly known as C. melanoijs, 1 have received a young bird which,
agreeing absolutely with the Watliiig drawing, proves tiiat this name must be used
for the bird commonly known as ('. nirnt (lis.

767. Coracina lineata lineata.

Ceblepyrh linmlus Swainson, ZodI. ,/./»/■». vol. i. p. Itji). 182;) : Queunslanil.

Synon3'm :
Grauralns sii-ahisonii Gould, Sipmpx. Hirdu Aastr. [it. iv, pi. fu. 18:)8 (Proposed for C. lineatm
Swainson preoccupied !).

Barred Cuckoo Shrike.
Mathews, Hamllist No. 508.
Range : Queensland.

( 328 )
768. Coracina tenuirostris tenuirostris.

Gracaulus tenuirostris Jardine, Eiiitih. Jo'irn. Xaliir. uitil frroff. Srienre (n.s.) vol. iii. p. "Jll. IH.'il ;
New South Wales.

Syiionj'tn :

Cchhpyris jardiuii Riippell, Mtiit. .sV«'-A*''h/*. vol. iii. p. 3'). 1830 (Pn^pnsed for O. tenuirostris
preoccupied !).

Caterpillar Catcher.

Mathews, Harullist No. 509 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Vieturia.

76!). Coracina tenuirostris obscura sah.sp. n.

Lesser Caterpillar Catcher.
Mathews, llandlist No. 5U9 (pars).

Differs from ('. t. tenuirostris iu its smaller size: wing 128 mm.; wing of
typical birds 137 rara.

Tyjie : Cairns, Queensland, No. 1940.
Range : North Queensland.

G«nas LALAGE.

Lalage Boie, Ais 1S2C.. p. 07.^.

Type (liy nionoty])y) : L. orientalis (Graelin).

TTii. Lalage tricolor tricolor.

Ceblepi/ris tricolor Swainson, Zonl. Juiirn. vol. i. p. 4(i7. 182.") : New South Wales.

Synonym :

Cebtfpyris !iiinieralin Gould, Si/nups. Bn-dx Auxir. pt. iv. App. p. 2. 1838 ; New South Wales.

Whife-shouldereil ("aterpilhir Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 510 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, West
Australia.

771. Lalage tricolor indistincta suhsp. n.

Pale-rumped Caterjiillar Eater.
Mathews, lJaii<Uist No. oil) (pars).

Differs from L. t. tricolor iu its bluer head and upper back, and esjiecially in
its pale rump.

Type : North- West Australia (Wyndham), No. 6298.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

772. Lalage leucomela leucomela.

Campephagn leucomela Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sor. {Lmnl.) vol. .\v. p. 215. I82G : Broad
Sound, Queensland.

Pied Caterpillar Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 511 (pars).

Range : Queensland.

( 329 )

773. Lalage leucomela yorki subsp. n.

Cape York Pied Caterpillar Eater.
Mathews, Hamllist No. oil (pars).

DifiFers from L. I. leucomela in its smaller size : wing 98 ; wing of leucomela
105 mm.

Type : Cape York, North QneeusJand, No. 0794.
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

774. Lalage leucomela gouldi sulisp. n.

Banded Caterpillar Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 511 (pars).

Differs from L. I. leucomela in the barring on the wi lei-surfaoe, paler nnder
tail-coverts, and smaller size. Av. wing OS mm. ; ty[iical av. wing lOo mm.
Type : Northern Territory, No. 0339.
Range: Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

Genus ORTHONYX.

Orl!ion>/x Temminck, Mniinrl d'Oniilh. ed. ii. vol. i. p. l.x.xxi. lS-21).

Type (by monotypy) : 0. iemmhichii Vigors and Horsfield.

775. Orthonyx temminckii temminckii.

Orlhonyx teinmiitckii Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sn,\ {Lund.) vol. xv. p. :idi. 1826 : Hut Hill,
near Noura, New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Orihonjix macuhitus Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zwil. vol. xiv. p. 1S6. lS2li : Hat Hill, Xew South

Wale-s.
Orlhonux .ipinicaudus Temminck and Laugier, Plan. Color. d'Ois. 72" livr. vol. iv. pis. 428, 429. 1827 :

Hat Hill, Xew South Wales.

Spine-tailed Log Runner.
Mathews, Hanrllist No. 513 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

776. Orthonyx temminckii chandleri subsp. d.

Northern Spine-tailed Log Knnuer.

Mathews, Handlist No. 513 (pars).

Differs from O. t. temminckii in having the red on the rump less pronounced.

Type : Richmond River, North New South Wales, No. 6528.

Range : South Queensland, North New South Wales.

777. Orthonyx spaldingi.

Orlhnniij; spaldingi Ramsay, PriK. Zoiil. Sui\ (Lund.) 1868. p. 38li : Rockingham Bay, Queensland.

Black-headed Log Runner.
Mathews, Handlist No. 514.
Range : North Queensland.

( 330 )

Genns CINCLOSOMA.

Cinclomiiia Vigors and Hoisfield, Trims. Linn. S,,,-. (Lnml.) vol. xv. p. 219. 18-JG.

Type (by moiiotypy) : ('. punctatum ( Lathiiui).

7Ts. Cinclosoma punctatum punctatum.

Turdiis punctatux Shaw, Zool. New Holland, pi. '.I. 1794 : New South Wales.

Spotted Gronndbird.

Jlathews, Hanillist Xo. 516 (pars).

RaiJge : New Soutb Wales.

770. Cinclosoma punctatum neglectum sulisj). n.

Victorian Spotted Giouudbiid.

Mathews, flandlist No. 515 (pars).

Differs from C. p. punctatum in its darker cdlonition, but ]ialer tliaii C, p.dovci.

Type : Victoria, No. 5U73.

Range : Victoria, Sonth Australia.

780. Cinclosoma punctatum dovei subsp. n.

Tasmanian Spotted Groundbird.
Mathews. Il(indli»t No. 515 (pars).

Diflers from ('. /i. punctatum in its smaller size and darker upper coloration.
Wing 109 mm. ; typ. av. 116 mm.
Type : Tasmania, No. 4371.
Range : Tasmania.

lb\. Cinclosoma castanotum castanotum.

Chirlosnma msl„m,l„s Gould, Pn„;. Zoul. Sor. {Land.) 1H40. p. 113(1841): Belts of the Murray,
South Australia.

Ohestnnt-liaoked Groundbird.

Mathews, Hanillist No. 516 (pars).

Ran^e: Adjoining parts of New Sonth Wales, Victoria, Sonth Australia.

782. Cinclosoma castanotum dundasi snbsp. u.

Western ( 'hestniit-backed Gronndbird.
Mathews, Uamllht No. 516 (pars).

Ditl'ers from ('. c. caatanotum in being generally darker, and the red on the
back extending up towards the neck, and in its shorter bill.
Type : West Anstralia (Lake Dundas), No. 514VI.
Range : West Anstralia.

783. Cinclosoma alisteri-

C'tndommn (ilhtari Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club vol. xxvii. p. Hi. 1910 : West Australia.

Black-breasted Cinnamon Gronndbird.
Range : West Australia.

( 331 )
784. Cinclosoma cinnamomeum.

Cinclosnma cinnamomfm Gould, Proc. Znol. Sor. [Loud.) 184(i. p. 68 : South Australia.

Cinnamon Gronndliirfl.

Mathews. HaiKnisf No. .517.

Range : Sonlh Australia, CVnti-al Australia.

7S.5. Cinclosoma castaneothorax castaneothorax.

CincloFinma caMnneothnrax (rould, Pror. Zonl, Snc. (Lnii4.) 1848. p. 130 : Darliaw Down«, Queens-
land.

Synonym :

Cinclosoma er>/t,hrothomx Sharne, rh><!. 1881. p. fiO.5 (Emendiition for the sxke o£ purism).

Chestnnt-breastfd Gronnrlbird.
Mathews, JTa)iflU>it No. 518.
Ran^e : Qneenslanfl.

78(5. Cinclosoma castaneothorax marginatum.

nUii-Insoina marginatum Shirpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Max. vol. vii. p. :iSi!. 1883 : North-West Australia.

Northern Gronnrlliird.

Mathews, HawlUM No. 519 (pars).

Range : North- West Anstralia.

787. Cinclosoma castaneothorax nea subsj). n.

Western Chestnnt-breasted Gronmlbinl.

Mathews, Handlist No. 519 Cyiars).

Differs from C. c. marqinatum in its much paler coloration above and below.

Type : West Anstralia (Day Dawn), No. 5147.

Range : West Australia.

Genus PYCNOPTIIUS.

Pycnnptihix fiould, Pror. Znnl. Snr. {L^md.) IS.-iO. p, 9.5.

Type (by monotypy) : P. floccosus Gould.

788. Pycnoptilus floccosus floccosus.

Pycnnpiihis tincrnxu.': Gould, Pror.. Znnl. Sor. (Lmid.) 18.50. p. 05 : Xow SdiiIIi Wales.

Pilot Bird.

Blathows, UniHlUat Nr). 520 (pars).
Range: New Sonth Wales.

789. Pycnoptilus floccosus sandlandi snbsp. n.

Victorian Pilot Bird.
Mathews, UnnrUisit No. 520 (pars).

Differs from P. f. flocrn.tH.'i in its much darker coloration above and below, the
liead and back being bluish brown instead of fawn.
Type : Victoria, No. 5433.
Range : Victoria.

23

( 332 )

Genus DRYMODES.

Drymades Gould, Proc. Zonl. So<: (hnid.) 1840. p. 170 (1841).

Tyjie (by mduotypy) : D. brunneop'/gia Gould.

TOD. Drymodes briinneopygia brunneopygia.

Drynodes brunmopygia Gould, Pnic. Zool. Sue. (Lwid.) 1840. p. 170 (1841) : Uelts of the Murray,
South Australia.

Scrub Robiu.

Mathews, Ham/list No. 521 (pars).

Range : South Anstralia,

791. Drymodes brunneopygia victoriae subsp. n.

Victorian Scrnb Robin.
Mathews, Ilamllist Xo. o'Jl (pars).

Differs from D. b. braniwopi/nia in being paler below and in having the rnnip
much less rnfons.

Tyi>e : Victoria, No. 4534.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

792. Drymodes brunneopygia pallida.

Drymacedus pallidue Sharpe, Cat. Birds Bril. .1/u.s. vol. vii. p. :!44. 1883 ; Sharks Bay, West Australia.

Pale Scrub Robin.
Mathews, Haj/'nisCNo. 522.
Range : West Anstralia,.

7i»3. Drymodes superciliaris.

Drymodes mperciliarh Gould, Pro<: Zool. So.: (Loml. ) 1850. p. 200 (I8.il ) : Cape York, Queensland.

Northern Scrnb Robin.
Mathews, Ila/u/list No. 523.
Range : North Qneensland.

Genns EYLACOLA.

Hylacola Gould, Pro,:. Zool. Sor. [Loud.) 1842. p. i:tf< (1843).

Type (by orig. desig.) : //. i>ijrrhopi/<ji(i (Vigors and Horsfield).

794. Hylacola pyrrhopygia pyrrhopygia.

Acanthizn pyrrhopytjiri Vigors and Horsfield, Tran^. Linn. Soc. {Loud.) vol. xv. p. 227. 1826 : New
South Wales.

Chestnnt-rnmped Ground Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 524.
Range : New South Wales.

795. Hylacola pyrrhopygia brevicauda subsp. n.

Short-tailed Ground Wren.
Mathews, Udndlist No, 525 (pars).

( 333 )

Differs from H. c. cauta in its paler coloration above and in having a shorter
tail. Wing 5o-8 ram. ; tail 53 lU'U. : tail (typ.) tji) ram.
Type : Victoria, No. C244.
Bange : Victoria.

706. Hylacola pyrrhopygia cauta.

Hijini-ola rautn Gould, Proc. Znol. S,„\ (Loud.) 184'2. p. 135 ; Western Belts of the Murray, South
Australia.

Rnfous-rnmped Gronnd Wren.
Mathews, IlanflUst No. 525 (pars).
Range : South Australia.

797. Hylacola pyrrhopygia halmaturina subsp. n.

Kangaroo Island Ground Wreu.
Mathews, [laiuUist No. 525 (pars).

Differs from H.c. cauta in its larger size and darker coloration above; the ruiup
coloration deeper and duller red. Wing 59 — 00 mm., typ, av. 57 ram.
Type : Kangaroo Island, No. 2030.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

798. Hylacola pyrrhopygia whitlocki subsp. n.

Western Gronnd Wren.
Mathews, IhuuUist No. 525 (pars).

Differs from //. e. cauta in being lighter above, with less red on the rump and
more spotting on the breast.

Type : West Australia, No. 6155.
Range : West Australia.

Genus PSOFHOSi:S.

Psophixlcs Vigors and Ilorsfield. Trans. Linn.' Sue. (Loitd.) vol. xv. p. 328. 1826.

Type (by monotypy) : P. olitxiceus (Latham).

799. Psophodes olivaceus olivaceus.

Corriix nUvaceus Latham, Inikx OniUh. Sh/i/>I. p. xxvi. 1801 : New South Wale.s.

iSynonyms :

Muscicapa crepUan.i Latham, Iitde.v Ornith. Siippl. p. li. 1801 : New South Wales.
Pica gularis Wagler, Si/st. Av. Pica sp. 13. 1827 : New South Wales.

Coachwbip Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 526 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

800. Psophodes olivaceus scrymgeouri subsj). n.

Victorian Coachwhip Bird.

Mathews, IlanfUist No. 520 (pars).

Differs from P. o. olivaceus in its darker coloration above.

Type : Victoria, No. 4986.

lianere : Victoria.

(334)

801. Psophodes olivaceus sublateralis snlisp. n.

Tweed River CoacbwLip Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 526.

Differs from P. o. oliracens in its smaller win^ ("91 mm.) and .shorter tail.

Type : Tweed River, North New South Wales, No. 7127.

Rauge : New South Wales (Tweed River), South Queeusiaiid.

802. Psophodes olivaceus lateralis.

Psophodes t-repitam latcraHx Xorth, Rec. Aiistr. Mux. vol. iii. p. 13. 1897; Boar Pocket, North
Queensland.

Northern (!oachwhip Bird.
Mathews, Flandlist No. .527.
Range : North Queensland.

803. Psophodes olivaceus nigrogularis.

Psnphnchs mgroquhirh GouUI, Prnr. Zool. So : (Lou t.) 18U. p. 5 ; Western Australia.

Black-throated Coaohwhip Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 528.
Range : West Australia.

Genus FOMATORHINUS.

Pomalorhinus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. {Loud.) vol. .\iii. p. 164. 18'21.
Type (by monotypy) : P. moiitanu.'i Horsfield.

S04. Pomalorhinus temporalis temporalis.

Pnmntnrhhnm fempomlis Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Lond.) vol. .\v. p. .310. 1826:
Shoalwater Bay, Queensland.

Australian Babbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. .529 (pars).

Range : Mid Queensland.

806. Pomatorhinus temporalis trivirgatus.

Poniatorhinus trivirgatus Temminck and Laugier, Plan. Color. d'Ois. vol. iv. 75' livr. pi. 4-l.'5.
1828 ; Bine Mountains, New South Wales.

Mountain Babbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 529 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

806. Pomatorhinus temporalis tregellasi subsp. n.

Victorian Babbler.
Mathews, Handlist No. 529 (pars).

Differs from P. t. tricirgatus in its darker coloration underneath, and in having
a shorter bill, though equally as long a wing measurement.
Type: Victoria, No. 3172.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

( 335 )

807. Pomatorhinus temporalis cornwalli siibsp. n.
NortluTii Babliler.
Mathews, IhuHllist No. 529 (pars).

Dift'ers from P. t. iemporalis in its ranch paler coloration above and below.
Type : ( 'aims, North Qneensland, No. 9324.
Range : North Qneensland.

808. Pomatorhinus temporalis rubeculus.

Pomatorhhnix ruhecuhis Gould, Pn,c. Z,iu\. Snc. (Loml.) 1839. p. 144 (1840) : North-Weat Coast,
Australia.

Red-breasted Babbler.

Mathews, Ilnmllist No. 532 (pars).

Range : Western Northern Territory.

809. Pomatorhinus temporalis nigrescens snbsp. n.
Dark Babbler.

Mathews, Ilaiidllst No. 532 ((lars).

Differs from I', t. rubeculus in its much darker coloration alwve, especially on
the mantle, and also below, the abdomen being very dark reddish.
Type : North- West Anstralia (Strelley River), No. 2076.
Range : North Westralia.

81n. Pomatorhinus temporalis intermedius siibsp. n.

Intermediate Babbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 532 (pars).

Intermediate between P. t. temporalis and P. t. rubeculus, having the upper
coloration of the former combined with the uu<lerside coloration of the latter, bnt
of a lighter shade.

Type : Northern Territory (Ale.xandra), No. 2068.

Range : Eastern Northern Territory.

Note. — Upon Sharpe's determination of the Watling drawing I acce[)ted
frivolus Latham for this bird, bnt re-examination {)r(ives it to be inapplicable, the
only resemblance to this species being the cnrved bill.

It is imjiossible to generically separate the Australian species of Pomatorhinus
from the type of the genus, and hence Pomatostomus is unnecessary.

811. Pomatorhinus ruficeps.

PcjinuUirhinuK nificeps Haitlaub, Rtv. et Mag. Zool. 18iJ2. p. 310 : Adelaide, South Australia.

Chestnut-crowned Babbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 531.

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

812. Pomatorhinus superciliosus superciliosus.

Pomatorhinus sijjjerrilioaiis Vigors and Horsfield, 7Vajis. Lijiii. Soc. (Loinl.) to!. .\v. p. 330. 1826 :
Soutb Coast (South Australia).

White-browed Babbler.
Mathews, Handlist No. 530 ([)ars).
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

( 336 )

813. Pomatorhinus superciliosus gilgandra subsii. n.
Northern White-browed Babbler.
Matliews, Handlist No. 530 (pars).

Differs from P. s. sii/ierciUosus in being luncli darker above, especially on the
liead.

Type : New South Wales (North), No. G023.
Range : New South Wales.

8U. Pomatorhinus superciliosus ashbyi.

Pomatdslomus supeivillnxiig axhlii/i Matliews, Uiill. Brit. Urn. Club, vol. xxvii. p. 87. I'.lll : Soutli-
West Australia.

Western White-lirowed Babbler.
Mathews, IIaiiilli.it No. 53i> (pars).
Range: Soiith-West Australia.

814a. Pomatorhinus superciliosus gwendolenae snbsp. n.
Carnarvon Babbler.
Mathews, Handlist No. 530 (pars).

Differs from P. s. aslibiji in being mnch smaller in the wing : viz. 74 mm. ;
typical P. s. ashhiji wing 87 mm.

Type : Carnarvon, West Australia, No. 072'.*.
Range : North- West Australia.

Genns CALAMAITTHUS.

Calamuulhns Gould, Hiimqis. Jlirds Au.^lr. pt. iv. App, p. 4. ISM.

Type (by orig. desig.) : C.fuliginosus (Vigors and Horsfield;.

815. Calamanthus fuliginosus fuliginosus.

AiitliusfulighiosuH 'Vigors and Hortfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. {Loml.) vol. .\v. p. 230. 1826 : Tasmania.

Synonym :

Prutkola anthfikhx Swaiiison, .\niii,. in Mmiuj. p. 343. 1837 ; Tasmania.
Striated Field Wren.
Mathews, Himdlist No. 533 (pars).
Range : South Tasmania.

816. Calamanthus fuliginosus diemenensis.

CalamiiMthns iliemenensis Noitb, .{iixir. .Uiis, Sjn-r. Culul. No. 1. vol. i, \i. 354. 1WJ4 ; VVaratali,
Tasmania.

Large Striated Field Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 533 (pars).
Range : North-West Tasmania.

817. Calamanthus fuliginosus albiloris.

Cahimantlins (lUiihir'is North, Virl. .Xulunili.il, vol. .\i.\. p. 102. 19M2 : Victoria.

White-lored Fi"ld Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 534.
Range: Victoria, New South Wales.

( 337 )
818. Calamanthus fuliginosus montanellas.

Cala maitthttx montaneJlua Milligan, Emu V(»l. ii. p. 'li)\i, iy03 : Stirliiijr Ranges, West Australia.

Rock Field Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 535.

Range : West Australia (Stirling Range).

819. Calamanthus fulig'inosus carter! snbsp. n.

Western Striated Field Wren.

Differs from C. f. montanellas in having the top of the head almost nniforui
reddish, contrasting with the colour of the back, and forming a cap. Underneath
the abdomen and lower breast are darker and more richly colonred. The eye-stripe
is more pronounced and the ear-coverts are rich reddish brown.

Type : West Australia (Broome Hill), No. 2087.

Range : West Australia (Broome Hill).

820. Calamanthus campestris campestris.

Pmticnla mwpesli-is Gould, Proc. Zool. Hoc. (Lorn!.) 1840.1 p. 171 (1841): South Australia (Port
Augusta).

Field Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 536 (pars).

Range : South Anstralia.

820a. Calamanthus campestris ethelae snlisji. n.

Peninsula Field Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 536 (pars).

Differs from C. f. campestris in having greenish brown edges to the feathers of
the back ; and in having the under-snrface white with dark centres to the feathers.
Type : Eyre's Peninsula, South Australia, No. 9646.
Range : South Australia (Eyre's Peninsula).

821. Calamanthus campestris rubiginosus.

Calamanlhus rubig!nnsis Campbell, \'ict. Naturalisl vol. xvi. p. 3. 1899 : Near Point Cloates,
North-West Australia.

Rusty-red Field Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 536 (pars).

Range : North-West Australia.

822. Calamanthus campestris howei.

Calaiiiiiiitlnin liowei Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orii. Club vol. xxv. p. "J4. 1909 : Victoria.

Allied Field Wren.
Range : Victoria.

823. Calamanthus campestris dorrie subsp. n.
Dorrie Island Field Wren.

Differs from C. c. howei in having less red on the crown and heing paler above.
Tyjie : Dorrie Island, West Anstralia, No. ■;9S6.
Range : Dorrie Island, West Australia.

( 338 )

824. Calamanthus campestris wayensis snlisp. n.
Rnfons Desert Wren.

Differs from ('. c. cuiiiju'stris in haviii<; the head ili'c[ii'r nifoiis iinil the hack
slightly darker and less streaked ; the flanks also showing huttV insteail ofnuiform.
Type: West Anstralia (Lake Way), No. 2093.
Range : Mid Wcstralia \\,ake AVay).

825. Calamanthus campestris isabellinus-

Calamanihux imbellliuix North, Jir/,. 1 1,, in Sri. Ex/jcil. Cciil. Aii^lr. vol. ii. Zitnl. p. 85. 189fi :
Central Australia.

Desert Wren.

Mathews, Ham/list No. 537.

Range : Central Anstralia.

Genus CIITCLOKAmFHUS.

Chichramphus Gould, Si/ii,ijis. Birds Aiislr. pt. iv. App. p. 4. 18.^8.

Type (by orig. desig.) : ('. cruralis (Vigors and Ilorsfield).

82(i. Cincloramphus cinu'alis cniralis.

Mei/iiliinix criiriilix Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sm: (Lunit.) vol, .\v. p. 228. 182G : New
South Wales.

Brown Song Lark.

Mathews, Ihindhst No. 538 (])ars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria.

827. Cincloramphus cruralis cantatoris.

Cincluraniplius caiUatiiris Gould, Fruc. Zoul. Sue. {Lund.) 18J'J. p. Vib : South Australia.

Synonym :
Ciiicluram2)lius eanlillans Gould, Birds Aiisir. vol. iii. pi. 75. 1847. (Emendation only.)

Southern Brown Song Lark.
Mathews, Handlist No. 538 (pars).
Range : Sonth Anstralia.

828. Cincloramphus cruralis clelandi snbsp. n

Western Brown Song Lark.

Mathews, Handlist No. 538 (pars).

Differs from C. c. cruralis in being much darker below.

Type : Perth, West Australia.

Range: South-West Anstralia.

829. Cincloramphus cruralis rogersi subsji. n.

Northern Brown Song Lark.

Mathews, Handlist No. 538 (pars).

Differs from C. c. cruralis in being jjaler on the nndcr-surlace.

Tyi)e : Derby, North-West Anstralia, No. 5195.

Range: Norlh-West Anstralia, Northern Territory.

( 339 )
830. Cincloramphus mathewsi mathewsi.

Cincliiranipli us rw/csrens mullinrsi Iredale, Hull, liril. Urn. Club vol. xxvii. p. 97. 1911 : Yalgoo,
West Australia.

Western Rufous Song Lark.
Mathews, Handlist No. TiSO (pars).
Range : West Australia.

831. Cincloramphus mathewsi alisteri subsji. n.
Allied Rufous Song Larl<.
Mathews, Handlist No. 539 (pars).

Differs from 6*. m. mathewsi in its much smaller size : wing 85 mm.
Type : East Murchisoii, ^V'est Australia, No. 3902.
Range : South-East Westralia.

832. Cincloramphus mathewsi subalisteri sub.sp. n.

Western Rufous Song Lark.
Mathews, Handlist No. 539 (pars).

Dift'ers from C. m. matheiosi in having more rnfons edgings to the feathers on
the back.

Type : Parry's Creek, North-West Australia, No. 2099.
Range : North-AVest Australia.

833. Cincloramphus mathewsi horsfieldi subsp. n.
Northern Rufous Song Lark.

Mathews, Handlist No. 539 (pars).

Differs from C. m. cigorsi in its paler coloralion above, especially noticeable on
the rump.

Type : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 2101.
Range : Northern Territory.

834. Cincloramphus mathewsi vigorsi nom. nov.
Synonym :

Anthus nfescens (not Temminck) Vigors and Hor.sfield, Trans. Linii. Sor. (Loud.) vol. xv. p. '230.
1826 : New South Wales.

Eastern Rufous Song Lark.

Mathews, Handlist No. 539 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

Genus TUBDUS.

Turdus Linne, Stjat. Nat. ed. x. p. 168. 1758.

Type (by subs, desig.) : T. viscicorus Linne.

835. Turdus lunulatus lunulatus.

Tardus lunulatus Latham, Index Ornith. Suppl. p. xlii. 1801 : New South Wales.
Synonym :

Oreocincia novaehollundiae Gould, Syiiops. Birds Aztstr. pt. iv. App. p. 3. 1838: nude name.

Australian Ground Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 544 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

( 340 )
830. Turdus lunulatus cuneatus.

Georichla cuneata De Vis, Pmc. Roy. Soc. Queeii^l vol. vi. p. 242. 1890 : Herberton, Queensland.
Northern Ground Tlirnsh.
Mathews, IhuulliM No. .'i42.
Range : North yueenshind.

837. Turdus lunulatus heinei.

Oreuiiiicla heiiiei Cabanis, .!/».<. Heinr. vol. i. p. 0. 1850 : Queensland.

Synonym :

Oreociiicla ioiliira Gould, Ann. Afai/. Xul. flisl. ser. iv. vol. i,x. p. 401. 187i ; Queeniland

Russet-tailed Ground Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 543.
Range : Sontli Qiicenslanc).

83s. Turdus lunulatus dendyi snhsp. n.
Victorian (irouud Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 544 (pars).

Differs from 3'. /. lunulatus in its darker coloration, noticeably on the head and
on the breast.

Type : Victoria, No. 5930.

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

839. Turdus lunulatus macrorhynchus.

Oreocimla mafrurhynrhii Gould, Si/nnpn. Bii-Jx Aimti: pt. iv. Ai)p. p. 8. 1838 : Tasmania.

Large-billed Ground Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 545.
Range : Tasmania.

Genus EFTHIAITUBA.

Kjtthiaituni Gould, Si/iuijjs. BiiuU Aiixlr. pt. iv. App. p. 3. 1838.

Type (by orig. desig.) : E. albifrons (Jardine & Sell)y).

8411. Epthianura albifrons albifrons.

Acanthiza ulln/ninx Jarliiie and Selby, Jllnx. Oniilli. vol. ii. pi. 5G. 18'J8 : New South Wales.

White-fronted Chat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 546 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Anstralia.

841. Epthianura albifrons tasmanica subsp. n.

Tasraanian White-fronted Chat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 546 (pars).

Ditfers from E. a. alhifrons in its darker coloration throughout.

Tyj)e : Tasmania, No. 4580.

Range : Tasmania.

( 341 )

842. Epthianura albifrons westralensis subsp. u.

Westralian 'W'hite-frouted Chat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 546 (pars).

Differs from £. a. albifrons in its paler coloration throughout.

Type : Wilson's Inlet, South- West Australia, No. 4660.

Range : West Australia.

843. Epthianura tricolor tricolor.

Ephdiianuni Iriculor Gould, Prnc. Zm,l. Soc. {Lnml.) 1H40. p. 1,S9 (1841): New South Wales.

Tricoloured Chat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 547 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

844. Epthianura tricolor assimilis subsp. n.

Westralian Tricoloured Chat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 547 (pars).

Differs from E. t. tricolor in its paler coloration throughout.

Type : Lake Way, West Australia, No. 2124.

Range : West Australia.

845. Epthianura tricolor distincta subsp. n.

Northern Tricoloured Chat.

Differs from /?. t. tricolor in having the back grey instead of brownish black.

Type : Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 2110.

Range : Northern Territory.

846. Epthianura aurifrons aurifrons.

Epthianura aurifrons Gould, St/itojj.^. Binh Austr. pt. iv. App. p. -4. 1838 ; Interior New South
Wales.

Orange-fronted Chat.

Mathews, Handlist No 548 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

847. Epthianura aurifrons flavescens subsp. n.

Western Orange-fronted Chat.
Mathews, Handlist No. 548 (pars).

Differs from E. a. aurifrons in its paler coloration, the back being yellow with
dark shaft-streaks ratlier than olive as in the type.
Type : Lake Way, West Australia, No. 2132.
Range : West Australia.

848. Epthianura aurifrons obsoleta snbsp. n.

Northern Orange-fronted Chat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 548 (pars).

A pallid form, differing trom E. a. aurifrons in its paler under-snrface which is
lemon rather than orange, the head scarcely yellow, and the back with brown shaft-
streaks and pale yellow edgings to feathers.

( 342 )

Type : Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 2127.
Range : Northern Territory.

84'.i. Epthianura crocea crocea.

Ejifhiauiir-i rrocea Ciistelnau ami Ramsay, /'/w. Liiiii. Sijc. N.S. W. vol. i. p. 380. 18TG ; Norman
River, Queensland.

Yellow-breasted Chat.

Mathews, IlinulliM No. M'^ fjiars).

Range: Qneenslanil.

85(1. Epthianura crocea tunneyi subsj). n.

Orange-breasted (!liat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 549 (pars).

Differs from E. c. rrocea in its deeper coloration and in iiaving the lores black.

Type : Northern Territory (Arnliem Land), No. '.)4r)4.

Range : Northern Territory.

851. Epthianura lovensis.

Ephiliianura litremh Ashby, Emu, vol. .'c. p. 251. UUl : Leigh's Creek, South Australia.

Desert Bnsh Chat.

Range : Interior of South Australia.

Genus ACBOCEFHALUS.

Acrncephalus Naumann, Nul. Land. Waxs. Voy. Deutschl. vol. iv. p. 199. 1811.

Type (by snbs. desig.) : A. arundinaceus (Linn6).

852. Acrocephalus australis australis.

Acrocf.phalus australis Gould, Birds Audr. vol. iu. pi. 37. 1848 : New South Wales.

Australian Reed Warbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 551 (pars).

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales.

853. Acrocephalus australis mellori subsp. n.

Southern Reed Warbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 551 (pars).

Dift'ers from A. a. australis iu its larger size (wing 78 mm.) and paler rump.

Type : Mannam, South Australia, No. 2138.

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

854. Acrocephalus australis gouldi.

Acrocephaliix ijmddi Dubois, Syimp. Avium vol. i. p. 3C'J. 1001 : King George's Sound, West Australia.

Synonym :

Calamoherpe hmgirostris (not Gmelin) Gould, Proc. Zool. Soe. {Land.) 1846. p. '20 ; King George's
Sound, West Australia.

Long-billed Reed Warbler.
Mathews, Handlist No. 550 (pars).
Range : South Westralia.

(343)

855. Acrocephalus australis carterae sulisp. n.

Pale Long-billed Reed Wren.
Matliews, Handlist No. .5.50 (pars).

Differs from .1. a. (/oiilili in being mucli lighter above, especially on the head,
while the back is brownish where in that form it is olive-greeu.
Type: North-West Anstralia (Derby), No. 8681.
Range ; North-West Australia.

Genns CISTICOLA.

Cisticola Kaup, Skiza. Entw.-Gesch. Nat. Sysl. p. 119. 182y.
Type (by tantonymy) : C. cisticola (Temminck).

856. Cisticola exilis exilis.

Malurus exilis Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. {Loml.) vol. xv. p. 223. 1826 : New South
Wales.

Synonyms :

Cj/sticola riificeps Gould, Synops. Binln Anstr. pt. iv. App. p. 4. 18.38 : New South Wales.
Cysticola isura Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Land.) 1847. p. 32 : New South Wales.

Grass Warbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 552 (pars).

Range: New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Anstralia.

857. Cisticola exilis mixta subsp. u.

Little Grass Warbler.
Mathews, Handlist No. 552 (pars).

Differs from C. e. exilis in its smaller size (wing 41 mm.) and lighter coloration,
especially nnderneath.

Type: Queensland, No. .5891.
Range : North Queensland.

858. Cisticola exilis lineocapilla.

Cysticnla linforupiUa Gould, Pmr. Zmil. Soc. (Luntl.) 1847. p. 1 : Port Essington, Northern Territory.

Western Grass Warbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 652 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

859. Cisticola exilis alexandrae snbsp. n.

Pallid Grass Warbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 552 (pars).

A pallid form scarcely comparable, the brown nf the typical form beins;
replaced by creamy buff and tlie dark edginjjs obsolete, the collar being only
indicated by a pale rufous shade, the under-surface wliite.

Type : Northern Territory (Ale.xandra), No. 213'.).

Range : Interior Northern Territory.

(344)

Genus MEGALUBUS.

Meffalurus Horsfield, Trains. Linn. Snr, {Ijoiid.) vol. xiii. p. i.'iS, 1821.

Type (by monotypy) : .1/. palitatns Horsfield.

860. Megalurus gramineus gramineus.

SpliewieoA^iis graiiiiiieus Gould, Pmc. Zool. Snr. {[.uml.) 184.') p. Vy. Tasmania.

Tasmauian Grass Bird. »

Mathews, llaiidlixt No. 553 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

861. Megalurus gramineus goulburni snlisp. n.

Allied Grass Bird.
Mathews, UniitUint No. 553 (pars).

Differs from J/, g. wihoni iu being darker above, but not as dark as .1/. g.
dubius.

Type : (ionlburn. New South Wales, No. T'J42.
Range : New South Wales.

86^;. Megalurus gramineus wilsoni subsp. n.

Victorian Grass Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 553 (pars).

Differs from M. q. gramineus in its paler coloration above and below.

Type : Victoria, No. oU99.

Range : Victoria.

863. Megalurus gramineus dubius subsji. n.

Southern Grass Bird.
Matlews, lldiidli.st No. 553 (pars).

Differs from M. g. wilsoni in being niiu-li darker and more streaked on the
throat.

Type : Mannam, South Australia, No. Q'ZOi.
Range : South Australia.

.'<64. Megalurus gramineus striatus.

Megalurus striatus Milligan, Emu vol. ii. p. 201. 1903 : Lake Yanchep, West Australia.

Striated Grass Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 554.
Range: West Australia.

864a. Megalurus gramineus thomasi subs[i. u.

Dark Grass Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 554 (pars).

Differs from M. g. striatus in being much dark(>r above and on the flanks, and
in having the spotting on the throat more pronouneed.
Type : Lake Mnir, West Australia, No. 'J740.
Range : South-West Australia.

( 345)

865. Megalurus alisteri alisteri subsp. n.

Tawny Grass Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 555 (pars).

Head dull rufous, some of the feathers on the nape with hlaek centres ;
back ashv brown with biaclc streaks ; rump rnfoiis ; upper tail-coverts with black
centres ; tail uniform reddish brown ; quills brown, secondaries blackish brown
with buff edges ; eyebrow, chin, breast, and middle of abdomen white, sides of
body, flanks, and under tail-coverts reddish-brown ; cnlmen 15 mm., wing 69 mm.,
tail lol mm., tarsns 22 mm.

Type : Napier Broome Bay, North-West Australia, No. 5742.

Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

8()(). Megalurus alisteri dulciei subsji. n.

Queensland Tawny Grass Bird.

Mathews, llaiullist No. 555 (pars).

Differs from M. a. alisteri in having the hi'ad more strc,i,ki'd and a paler rum|i.

Type : (jooktown, Queensland, No. 5895.

Range : Queensland.

867. Megalurus alisteri oweni subsp. n.

Allied Tawny Grass Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 555 (pars).

Differs from M. a. dulciei in being darker above.

Type : New Sonth Wales, No. 2161.

Range : New South Wales.

iV^o<«. — The name hitherto used for this bird has been M. galarfotes
Teraminck. Reference to the original figure and description shows this to be
inapplicable. The figure (Plan. Color. d'Ois. vol. i. 1 1" livr. j)l. 65. fig. 1. 1823) gives
a bird disagreeing entirely in general coloration with the Australian bird, and
especially in having the head striped distinctly with black, no white eyebrow,
and the tail spotted near the end with black and having a white tip. The
locality given by Temminck (New Holland) must therefore be erroneous, and I find
that Temminck's figure is almost certainly that of an African species of Cisticola,
and moreover agrees (|aite well willi the bird at iiresent known as C. eri/llira<ii'iii/s
Ruppell.

Genus EBEMIOB.NIS.

Eremiornh North, Vict. NaluraUst, vol. .xvii. p. 78. I'.IOO.

Type (by mouotypy) : E. carteri North.

868. Eremiornis carteri.

Eremiornis carteri North, Vict. Naturalist vol. xvii. p. 79. 190(1; N.VV. Cape, North-West
Australia.

Desert Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 556.
Range : North-West Australia.

(346 )

Oenus OKI6MA

Origma Gould, Si/nojis. BiriU Aiislr. pt. iv. App. p. 3. 1S:W.

Type (by orig. desig.) : 0. solitaria. (Bensley).

869. Origma solitaria

Sylvia solitaria Bensley, in Lewin's Birth nf Xew Hulitunl pi. xvi. 1808 : New South Wales.

Rock Warbler.

Mathews, Handlist No. 557.

Range : New 8011th Wales.

Genus CHTHOITICOLA.

Chlhnnimla Gould, Prnr. Zonl. Soi: (Loud.) 1847. p. 35.

Type (by tnonotypy) : C. sagittata (Latham).

870. Chthonicola sagittata sagittata.

Si/lvia snqithila Latham, Tnlpx Oriiilh. Siippl. p. liv. 1801 : New South Wales.
Synonyms :

Sylria iiitiih. Vieillot, Xonr. Dii-I. li'Hisl. Xat. vol. xi. p. \'.n. 1817 : New .South Wales.

Sf/lria pyrro/tfirt/a id., ib. p- 2111 : New South Wales.

Anthj/x iitiniiniix Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sor. (Lmid.) vol. xv. p. 2.30. 1826 : Now South

Wales.
Calamiintfins slrir/nlus Gray, Gi'n. liirds vol. i. p. 1(U. 1848 : New South Wales.

Little Field Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 55S (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales.

871. Chthonicola sagittata inexpectata snbsij. n.

Sontliern Little Field Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 558 (pars).

Differs from C. s. sagittata in being darker aliove and slightly smaller.

Type : Victoria, No. 5958.

Range : Victoria, South An.stralia.

Genns ACANTHIZA.

Acanlhiza Vigors and Hornfield, Trans. Linn. Hoc. (Lund.) vol. .\v. p. 224. 1826.

Type (by orig. desig.) : A. pusilla (White).

872. Acanthiza nana nana.

Ar.aiithiza nana Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soi- { Lontt ) vol. xv. p. 226. 1826: New South
Wales.

Little Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 559 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

( 347 )
873. Acanthiza nana mathewsi.

Acanlhiza nann. mathewsi Hartert, Bull. Brit Orn. Cluli vol. xxv. p. 82. 1910 : Victoria.

Victorian Little Tit

Mathews, Handlist No. 559 (pars).

Range : Victoria, Sontli Australia.

874. Acanthiza inornata inornata.

Acanlhiza inornata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Loml.) 1840. p. 171 (1841) : Swan River,AVest Australia.

Plain-coloured Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 560.
Range : West Australia.

875. Acanthiza inornata mastersi.

Acanthiza mastersi North, Aijric. Gazette New Sonlh Wales vol. xii. p. 1425. 1901 : King George's
Sound, West Australia.

South-Western Plain-coloured Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 570.
Range : West Australia,

876. Acanthiza pusilla pusilla.

Molaeilla pusilla White, Journ. Voij. Neio South Wales, p. 257. 1790 : New South Wales

Synonym :

Malurus maculatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. vol. xx. p. 215. 1818 : New South Wales.

Brown Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 561.
Range : New South Wales.

877. Acanthiza pusilla macularia.

Saxicola macularia Quoy and Gaimard, Voi/. de V Astral. Zool. vol. i. p. 199. 1830 : Western Port,
Victoria.

Victorian Brown Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 561 (pars).

Range : Victoria.

878. Acanthiza pusilla diemenensis.

Acanthiza diemenensis Gould, Sijnops. Birds Austr. pt. iv. pi. 59. 1838 : Tasmania.

Brown-rumped Tit (Brown Tail).
Mathews, Handlist No. 565.
Range : Tasmania.

870. Acanthiza pusilla zietzi.

Acanthiza zietzi North, Austr. Mus. Spec. Cat. No. 1. vol. i. p. 271. 1904 : Kangaroo Island.
Synonym :

Acanthiza halmaturina Campbell, Emu vol. v. p. 141. 1906: Kangaroo Island.

Kangaroo Island Brown Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 563.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

24

( 348)
881). Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi.

Acaidhha archibaldi Mathews, Nov. Zuul. vol. xvii. p. 501. I'JIO ; King Island, Bass Strait.

Synonym :
Amnlhiza magniroatrix (nee Gould) Campbell, Emu vol. ii. p. 21)2. 1903 : King Island, Bass
Strait.

King Island Brown Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 5()4.
Range : King Island.

881. Acanthiza pusilla katherina,

Aranthiza halherina De Vis, Aiuinh Queeiul. Mux. No. fi. p. 43. I'JOS : Bellenden Ker Bange,
Queensland.

Mountain Thorubill.

Mathews, Hanrllist No. 572.

Range : Queensland (Bellenden Ker Range).

882. Acanthiza pusilla apicalis.

Acanthiza ajiicalis Gould, Proc. Zool. Snr. (^Luml.) 1847. p. .31 ; 8waa River, West Australia.

Broad-tailed Tit.

Mathews, Ilundlist No. 566.

Range : West Australia.

883. Acanthiza pusilla venus snbsp. n.
Venns Bay Tit.

Differs from A. p. apicalis in having fewer wliite-tipped feathers on the hiad
and a more reddish-brown rnmp.

Type : Venus Bay, iSoath Australia, No. 62i)l.
Range : Sonth Australia (Venus Bay).

884. Acanthiza pusilla whitlocki.

Acanthiza whitlncki North, Vict. Xatwaligl .\xvi. p. 55. IfllO : Lake Way, West Australia.

Lake Way Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 566 (pars).

Range : West Australia (Lake Way).

885. Acanthiza pusilla albiventris.

Acanthiza albiventris North, .lusl. .l/«s. Spec. OU. No. 1. vol. i. p. 27(5. I'JOI : New South Wales.

White-vented Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 568 (pars).

Range : New South Wales (Dnbbo).

886. Acanthiza pusilla hamiltoni.

Acanthiza alhiccntris hamiltoni Mathews, Bull. Brit. Urn. Club, vol. xxvii. p. 'J7. Hill ; South
Australia (New South Wales in error).

Synonym :
Acanthiza pyrrhopygia (ncc Vigors and Ilorsfield) Gould, HinU .Instr. vol. iii. pi. 58. 1848 : Belts
of the Murray, South Australia.

( 349 )

Red-rnmiied Tit.

Matliews, Handlist No. 568 (pars).

Eange : South Australia.

Xote. — Til rough a peculiar lapse, after I had described this bird from South
Australia aud correctly iudicated that locality, whea I received the priuted proof,
a copy of which I still retain, I altered the locality to New South Wales, and the
alteration was unfortunately published. After pointing out the difference I picked
up another bird and measnred it. The measurements of my type, No. 8040, from
Coonalpyn, South Australia, are : wing .54, culmen 13, tarsus ^0, tail 47 mm.

887. Acanthiza tanami sp. n.
Tanami Tit.

Resembles A. iredalei in the coloration of the forehead, but has the rump
coloration of .4. p. hamiltoni, with the tail feathers as in J. p. apicalis ; the throat
is of the .same style as that of A. ewiiiyii, and the abdomen is whitish.

Type: Northern Territory (Tanami), No. 5139.

Range : Northern Territory.

888. Acanthiza robustirostris.

Ai-aidhha robustirostris Milligan, £«<«, vol. iii. p. 71, 1903 : Day Dawns, Murchisou, West Australia.

Thick-billed Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 567.

Range : West Australia.

889. Acanthiza lineata lineata.

Acanthiza lineata Gould, Synops. Birds Austr. pt. iv. pi, 59, 1838 ; New South Wales,

Striated Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 569 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

890. Acanthiza lineata modesta.

Acanthiza mndcst/i De Vis, Annals Queensl. Mm. Xo. 6. p, 43. 1905 ; Charleville, Queensland.

Northern Striated Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 571.
Range : Queensland.

891. Acanthiza lineata chandleri subsp. n.

Victorian Striated Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 569 (pars).

Differs from A. I. lineata in being much darker above and browner below.

Type: Olinda, Victoria, No. 1991.

Range : Victoria.

892. Acanthiza lineata clelandi subsp. n.

Southern Striated Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 569 (pars).

Differs from ^1. I. lineata in being much greener above and below, especially
on the abdomen.

( 850 )

Type : Mount Loftj', Sontli Australia, No. 5552.
Range : South Australia.

893. Acanthiza uropyg^ialis uropygialis.

Aeanlhiza uropyginlis Gould, f^iinnps. Binh Atiatr. pt. iv. pi. liO. IHUS : Xew South Wales.

Chestuut-riimped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 573 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

894. Acanthiza uropygialis ruthergleni subsj). u.

Victorian Chestnut-rumped Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 673 (pars).

Diti'ers from A. u. tiropi/gialis in its paler ramp and basal halt' of tail, and
darker on the flanks and breast.

Type: Victoria (Rntherglen), No. 2210.
Range : Victoria.

89o. Acanthiza uropygialis mellori siibsp. n.

Southern Chestnnt-rumped Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 673 (pars).

Differs from ^1. u. nitherglcni in its greyer nppor coloration, only the head
and lower back being greenish.

Type : South Australia, Eyre's Peninsula, No. 8938.
Range : South Australia.

895a. Acanthiza uropygialis augusta subsp. n.

Allied Chestnut-rumped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No 573 (j)ars).

Differs from ^1. mellori in having a lighter back and upper tail-coverts.

Type : Port Augusta, No. 99.SU.

Range : South Australia (Port Augusta).

896. Acanthiza uropygialis nea subsp. n.

Western Chestnut-rumped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 573 (pars).

Differs from .1. u. mellori in lacking the green on the head and lower back.

Type : West Australia (Barracoppin), No. 2209.

Range : West Australia.

897. Acanthiza uropygialis murchisoni subsp. n.

Murchison Chestnut-rumped Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 573 (pars).

A pallid form differing from ^l. a. nen in being light grey above, forehead
marks almost missing : white luiderneath lacking flank coloration.
Type : West Australia (East Murchison), No. 3996.
Range : West Australia (East Murchison).

( 351 )
898. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa chrysorrhoa.

ffaxicola chrysorrhoa Quoy and (laimard, Voij. de I'Aslrol. Zaol. vol. i. p. 198. 18.30 : New South
Wales.

Syuouym :

Acanthka leighi Grant, Bull. Brit. Orii. Club, vol. xxiii. p. 7.S. I'.lOO : New South Wales (Lithgow).

Yellow-rnmped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 574 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales.

899. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa sandlandi subsp. n.
Victorian Yellow-rumped Tit.
Mathews, Haiiillist No. 574 (pars).

Differs from A. c. chri/sorrhna in lacking tlie greenish tinge on the nnder-
surface, the flanks being light fawn.
Type: Victoria, No. 1994.
Range: Victoria.

900. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa leachi snbsp. n.
Tasmanian Yellow-rnmped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 574 ^pars).

Differs from A. c. sandlandi in its larger size, longer bill, and having the
feathers on throat distinctly fringed with brown.
Type : Tasmania, No. 9086.
Range : Tasmania.

901. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa perksi snbsp. n.
Southern Yellow-rumped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 574 (pars).

Differs from A. c. sandlandi in having the flanks rufous buff, less spotting on
head, and paler coloration above.

Type : Sonth Australia, No. 9303.
Range : South Australia.

902. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa multi snbsp. n.
Western Yellow-rnmped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 674 (pars).

Differs from A. c. perksi in having the flanks darker, and more white on the
abdomen.

Type : West Australia (Wilson's Inlet), No. 5499.
Range : West Australia.

903. Acanthiza chrysorrhoa pallida.

Am/Uhiza pallida Milligan, Emu, vol. iii. p. ITJ. 11103 : Yalgoo, .Murchison, West Australia.

Pallid Yellow-rnmped Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 576.
Range : Mid Westralia.

( 352 )
W4. Acanthiza flaviventris

Acanthizn {Geubaislleus)JluviventrU Ashby, Emu v.il. ix. p. i:!7. U'lO : Lake Frome, South Australia. _
Pliiin-frouted Tit.
Uanjre : luterior of South Australia.

".•1)5. Acanthiza reguloides reguloides.

Amiii]ii:a iri/uloides Vigors and Horsfii-l(i, Tniiu. Luin. S<n: (L'lnil.) vol. .w. p. 226. 1826 : New
South Wales.

Biiff-rumped Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 575.
Bange : New South Wales.

OijO. Acanthiza reguloides squamata.

Acanlhhfi squamaki De Vis, Pror. Roy. Sue. Qiienisl, vol. vi. p. :^48. 18'.I0 : Ilerberton, Queensland.

Scal_v-l)reasted Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 562.
Range : North Queensland.

907. Acanthiza reguloides connectens subsp. n.

Victorian Buft'-rumped Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 575 (pars).

Diti'ers from ^4. ;•. reguloides in its greyer coloration above, especially on the
head, the nnder coloration approximating more to the typical form than to the
South Australian form.

Type : Victoria, No. 9085.

Range : Victoria.

90S. Acanthiza reguloides australis.

Geohaxileiis auKlvalia North, Aiixl. .Uiis. Spec. Cat. No. 1. vol. i. p. 287. 1904 : Near Adelaide, South
Australia.

Sonthern Buff-rnmped Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 575 (pars).
Range : South Australia.

909. Acanthiza iredalei iredalei.

Acanthiza iredalei Mathews, Bull. Brit. Or/i. Chih, vol .xxvii. p. 97. 1911: Lake Way, West
Australia.

Western Thin-billed Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 578 (pars).
Range : 'W^est Australia.

910. Acanthiza iredalei morgani.

.icanthiza morgani Mathews, Bull. Bril. (Int. Cluli, vol. xxvii. p. ',17. I'Jll ; South Australia.

Synonym :
.1. tenuirostri.-i Zietz (not Lafresne), Trans. Roij. Soc. South .liistr. vol. xxiv. p. 112. 1900: South
Australia.

Southern Thin-billed Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 578 (pars).
Range : South Australia.

( 353 )
Oil. Acanthiza ewingii ewingii.

■ AcanlhUa eirliigi! Gould, Birdx Aiistr, vol. iii. pi. ij'i. 1848 : Tasmania.

Tasmanian Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 577.

Range : Tasmauia.

Ol'J. Acanthiza ewingii rufifrons.

Acanthiza rufifrons Campbell, Emu, vol. ii. p. 203. 190.S : King Island, Bass Strait.

Kiug Island Tit.

Mathews, Ha?/dlist No. 579.
Range : King Island.

Genus SERICOBITIS.

Sericornis Gtould, Synops. Birds Austr. pt. iv. pi. 58. 1838.

Type (by orig. desig.) : S. frontalis (Vigors and Horsfield).

Note. — There seems to be no valid reason for the retention of the "genera"
Acanthornis and Oreoscopus, which I have eliminated, as well as Pyrrholaemua.
To those who wonld retain the above as distinct from Sericornis I would recommend
the nse of Neosericornis (nov.) for Muscicapa latJiami Stepliens and Tasmanornis
(nov.) for Sericornis humilis Gould, as these species ditfer more from the type of
Sericornis, S. frontalis Vigors and Horsfield, than do the types of Acanthornis or
Pyrrliolaemus.

913. Sericornis brunnea brunnea.

Pyrrhnlaemiis hriinnemt Gould, Pm,'. Znnl. Ra-. (Lnm!.) 1840. p. 173(1841): Belts of the Murray,
South Australia.

Redthroat.

Mathews, Handlist No. 580 (pars).

Range : New South AVales, Victoria, South Australia.

914. Sericornis brunnea pallescens subsp. n.
Pallid Redthroat.
Mathews, Handlist No. 580 (pars).

Differs from S. h. brunnea in its jialer upper-surface coloration and its almost
white under-surface.

Type : West Australia (Bore Well), No. 2233.
Range : West Australia.

915. Sericornis lathami lathami.

Muscicapa lathami Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zuul. vol. -\. p. 336. 1817 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Muscicapa barbata (not Latham IT'.IO) Latham, Index Ornith. Suppl. p. li. 1801 : Xew South Wales.
Sericornis citreogularis Gould, Si/nups. Binls Austr. pt. iv. pi. 58. 1838 : New South Wales.

Yellow-throated Scrnli Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 5sl (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

( 354 1

910. Sericornis lathami cairnsi subsp. n.

Norrheni Yellow-throated Scrub ^Vieii.
Mathews, Ham/list No. 581.

Differs from S. I. lathaini in its darker coloration above aud more browu
(especially on the head) and darker flauk coloration, and is also less : wing 64 mm.
Type : North Queensland (Cairns), No. 5030.
Range : North Queensland.

917. Sericornis lathami intermedia snbsp. n.

Allied Yellow-throated Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 581 (pars).

Differs from S. I. lathami in its darker head ; otherwise intermediate between
S. I. lathami and 5. I. cairnsensis.

Type : Queensland (Blackall Ranges), No. 2238.
Range : South Queensland.

918. Sericornis parvula parvula.

Sericormn pnrrnbix Gould, Synops. Birds Aiidr. pt. iv. pi. 58. 1838 : New South Wales.

White-browed Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 582 (pars).
Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria.

919. Sericornis parvula harterti snbsi). u.

Cape Otway Scrub Wren.
Mathews, IJaiuUiHt No. 582 (pars).

Much richer in coloration above and below than the typical form, and also
larger. Wing, ? 61 mm. ; typical av. 54 mm.
Type : Victoria (Cape Otway), No. 9458.
Range : Victoria.

919a. Sericornis parvula rosinae subsp. n.

Southern Scrub Wren.

Differs from .5. -p. harterti in having the throat striated and the head grey.

Type : Mt. Lofty, Sonth Australia, No. 96'.^2.

Range : Sonth Australia.

02(1. Sericornis parvula minima.

Serh-nrnU minimm Gould, Birds New Guinea [vol. iii. pi. 7] pt. i. 1875 ; Cape York, North
Queensland.

Synonym :
Sericornis brnmieopyg'ms Maaters, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.]\'. vol. i. p. 53. 1875: Cape York,
Queensland.

Little Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 583.
Range : North Queensland.

( 355 )
921. Sericornis parvula laevigaster.

Sericornis laevigaster Gould, Proc. Zool. Sue. {Lond.) 1847. p. 3 ; Interior Australia, near Gulf of
Carpentaria, Dawson Range, Queensland.

Buif-breasted Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 585.
Range : Mid Queensland.

921a. Sericornis parvula herbertoni snb.sp. u.

Mountain Scrnb Wren.

Differs from S. p. laevigaster in being browner above and in having tlie ti])s of
the tail-feathers white.

Type : Herberton, No. 9539.
Range : Queensland (Herberton).

922. Sericornis magnirostris magnirostris.

Acaiithiza magnirostm Gould, Si/nops. Birds Amtr. pt. iv. pi. 60. 1838: Xew South Wales.
Large-billed Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 584 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

923. Sericornis magnirostris viridior snbsp. n.
Northern Large-billed Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 584 (pars).

Differs from S. m. magnirostris in being greenish aliove and almost uniformly
green below, but especially greenish on the throat.
Type : Qneensland (Cairns), No. 2249.
Range : North Queensland.

924. Sericornis magnirostris howei subsj). n.
Victorian Large-billed Scrnb Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 584 (pars).

Differs from S. m. magnirostris in its browner upper surface, while the throat
is buffish and the abdomen aud flanks darker than in the typical form.
Type : Victoria, No. 2250.
Range : Victoria.

925. Sericornis frontalis.

Amuthha frontal} x Vigors and Horsfield, Train:. Linn. .Sm: {Loud.) 7oI. xv. p. 220. 1821) : Kent Group.

Synonym :
Sericornis gularis Legge, Vict. Naluralid vol. xiii. p. 84. IS'.IC : Kent Group.

Kent Island Scrub Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 587.

Range : Kent Group, Bass Strait.

926. Sericornis maculata maculata.

Sericornis maculatus Gould, Prnc. Znrd. Sue. (L<ind.) 1847. p. 2 : Albany, Western Australia.

Spotted Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 586.
Range : West Australia.

( 356 )

927. Sericornis maculata warreni subsp. n.

Warren River Scrnb Wren.

Mathews, Hnndlist No. 580 (pars).

l^iffers from S. m. maculata in its darkor hoad and prrecuish (not greyish)
olive liack. The spotting on the nnder-snrface is more prononneed and the abdomen
yellowish.

Type : West Australia (Warren River), No. a\2~.

Range : West Australia.

'.i:i8. Sericornis maculata osculans.

Serkornh osculans Goald, Proc. Zu„l. Hoc. {Land.) 1817. p, 2 : South Australia (Port Adelaide).

Allied Scrub Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 586 (pars).

Range : South Australia.

929. Sericornis maculata mellori subsp. n.

Peninsula Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 586 (pars).

DiiTers from S. m. osculans in being jjaler above and in having more white on
the abdomen.

Type : Eyre's Peninsula, South Australia, No. 9467.
Range : South Australia (Eyre's Peninsula).

93it. Sericornis maculata ashbyi subsp. n.
Kangaroo Island Scruli Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 586 (pars).

Differs from S. m. maculata in its larger size and liaving the markings on the
throat more distinct and the flanks darker. Wing 60 ram. ; typical 33-56 mm.
Type : Kangaroo Island, No. 22o3.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

931. Sericornis maculata balstoni.

Serioiynis btilstmii Grant, Bull. Brit. Urn. Club, vol. xxiii. p. 72. 1H09 : Bernier Island, West
Australia.

Bernier Island Scrub Wreu.

Range : Bernier Island, West Australia.

932. Sericornis tyranniila.

Sencoriiis li/ranmila De Vis, Annah Qnf.enxl. Mux. No. G. p. 42. 190.5 : Charleville, Queensland.

Northern Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 588.
Range : Queensland (Charleville).

933. Sericornis humilis.

Sericornis humilis Gould, Si/uo/tx. liirtls Anxlr. pt. iv. pi. SH. l.S.JH : Tasmania.

Brown Scrub Wren.
MatheWtS, Handlist No. 589.
Range : Tasmania.

( 357 )
934. Sericornis gutturalis.

Seriroriiis r/itttitralls De Vis, Pror. Rot/. Soc. Qneensl. vol. vi. p. 244. 1890 : Herberton, Queensland.

Collared Scrub Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 59U.
Range : QneensJand.

935. Sericornis magna.

Acanlhisa luacpia Gould, Birds Austr. Suppl. pi. 28. 1855 ; Tasmania.

Scrub Tit.

Mathews, Handlist 'No. 591.

Eange : Tasmania.

Genus MALURUS.

^fahlnls Vieillot, Aiuili/se tioiiv. Ortiith, p. 44. 1816.

T}'pe {hy monotypy) : M. cj/aneus (Gmelin).

936. Malurus cyaneus cyaneus.

Motwilla cjiauea Gmelin, Sl/s^ Nat. p. 991. 1789 : Tasmania.
S.ynonyms :

Mohirus! longieaudus (not Temminck) Go\i\A, Syiiaps. Birds Austr. pt. iv, App. p. 4. 18.S8 : Tasmania.
Malurus gouldi Sharps, Cat. Birds Brit. Jfas. vol. iv. p. 287. 1879 : Tasmania.

Long-tailed Bine Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 592.
Range : Tasmania.

Note. — Though recently often quoted as M. cyaneus (Ellis), reference to Ellis's
work proves this entrance to be a nnde name only. Ellis, Narr. Voi/. Capt. Coolt,
p. 22, 1782, wrote: "A small bird of the motacilla genus with a bright lilue head,
wliich we, on that account, called Motacilla cyanea."

937. Malurus cyaneus cyanochlamys.

Mdhinis cijawirhlaiin/s Sharpe, Proc. Zonl. Soc. {Loud.) 1881. p. 788 : Moreton Bay, Queenshanil.

Silvery Bine Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 593 (pars).

Range : South Queensland.

938. Malurus cyaneus australis.

Malurus australis North, Ibis 1904. p. 072 : New South Wales (as far south as Sydney).
Blue Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 593 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

939. Malurus cyaneus henriettae subsp. n.
Victorian Blue Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 593 (pars).

Differs from M. c. cyaneus in its shorter tail : from J/, c. australis iu its

( 358 )

coloration ; that snbspecies approaching M. c. cuanochlami/Sy wliili> this agrees
more closely with that of the typical subspecies.

Type : Victoria, No. 8146.

Range : Victoria.

040. Malurus cyaneus leggei subsp. n.
Southern Bine Wren.
Mathews, ILiiuUist No. 593 (pars).

Differs from M. c. henriettae in its lighter coloration, though darker than
M. c. australis.

Type : Point Adelaide, South Australia, No. 5504.
Range : South Australia.

941. Malurus cyaneus ashbyi snbsp. n.
Kangaroo Island Bine Wren.

Differs from M. c. leggei in its larger size and darker coloration on the back.
Type : Kangaroo Island, No. 2272.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

942. Malurus cyaneus elizabethae.

Malurus eViztthethae Campbell, Ibh 1891. p. in : King I., Bass Strait.
King Island Bine Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 594.
Range : King Island, Bass Strait.

943. Malurus melanotus melanotus.

Mnluriis im-hmolux Gould, Prnr. Zool. So,: {Luml.) 1840. p. IGii (1841) : Western Belts of the
Murray, South Australia.

Black-backed Wren.

Mathews, Ihi/ir/list No. 595 (pars).

Range: South Australia.

944. Malurus melanotus victoriae subsp. n.

Victorian Black-backed Wren.

Mathews, Haiidlixt. No. 595 (pars).

Differs from .17. m. melanotus in its larger size and deejjcr purple coloration.

Type : Victoria (Carina), No. 2274.

Range : Victoria.

945. Malurus melanotus whitei.

Malurux irhitfi Campbell, Emu vol. i. p. IJT. 1902 : Interior South Australia

Darker Turquoise Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 596.
Range : South Australia.

946. Malurus melanotus callainus.

Malurm callaimu Gould, Pr»r. Zoo!. Son. (Land.) lHfi7. p. .Sn2 : South Australia.

Turquoise Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 597 (pars).

Range : South Australia.

( 359 )

947. Malurus melanotus germaini snbsp. n.

Allied Turquoise Wren.

Mathews, HitudliM No. 597 (pars).

Differs from M. m. cnUainus in its throat being darker pnrple and its head,
back, and upper tail-coverts bright peacock blue, not silvery blue, and esjieciall)-
in having the abdomen purplish blue : in the type this is greenish blue.

Type : South Anstralia (Port Germain), No. 2278.

Range : South Australia.

Note. — \\'ith the types of both J/, melanotus and M. callaiims in front of me,
and having also notes on the type of M. ivhitei^ which I have also handled, and
my own series, I am compelled to admit four forms of this species as inhabiting
South Australia ; but I am unable to indicate the distribution of the subspecies.

948. Malurus splendens.

Saxicola splendens Quoy and Gaimard, Vmj. de I'Axtrol. Zuul. vol. i. p. 197. 1830: King George's
Sound, West Australia,

Synonym :
Malurus pectoralis (not Stephens) Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Loud.) 1833. p. 106 : West Australia.

Banded Wren.

Mathews, IhtndUst No. 598.
Range : West Australia.

949. Malurus cyanotus cyanotus.

Malurus cyanotus Gould, Hundb. Birds Austr. vol. i. p. 331, 1865 : New South Wales.

White-winged Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 599 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

950. Malurus cyanotus exsul subsj). n.

Western White-winged AVren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 599 (pars).

Differs from M. c. cyanotus in having the blue coloration darker above and
below.

Type : West Australia (Yule River, N.W. Austr.), No. 5247.
Range : "West Australia.

951. Malurus leuconotus leuconotus.

Malurus kucunulus Gould, I'roc. Zuul. iiur. (Luud.) 1866. p. I'M : Interior of [South] Australia.

White-backed Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. tiOO (pars).

Range : South Australia.

952. Malurus leuconotus perplexus subsp. n.

Western AVhite-backed Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. OUU (pars).

( 3r,n )

Differs conspifnously fnun tlic typiral lorin in tho Cdloriitioii of tlie liead,
which is pale turquoise lihie, whereas the tvjie has the head iiurjilisli hhie.
T3-pe : West Anstnilia (Day Dawn), No. 5240.
Eange: West Australia.

053. Malurus elegans.

.^f(llll)■llx ilegcinx Gould, Binls .liislr. ami Ailj. hi. pt. i. |il. ii. 18;i7 : West Australia.

l{ecl-wini;ed Wren.
Mathews, J/ain/U.xf No. OUl.
Range : West Australia.

054. Malurus lamberti lamberti.

Mohinis hiinherli Vigors and Horsfield, Tram. Linn. Soc. {Loud.) vol. xv. p. 221. 1820 : New South
Wales.

Variegated Wreu.

Mathews, Hundlist No. 6n2.

Range : New South Wales (Coastal), Queensland.

055. Malurus lamberti assimilis.

Malurus usstiiiilis North, Vict. Naluralid vol. xviii. p. 2'i. 1901 : Mossgiel District, New South
Wales.

Bine-breasted Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 603.

Range : New South Wales (Interior), South Australia.

056. Malurus lamberti mastersi sulisp. n.

Northern Bine-breasted Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 603 (pars).

Differs from M. lamberti assimilis iA having the feathers round the eye and
the ear-coverts turquoise blue (not cobalt blue), though the head and back agree
in coloration with M. I. assimilis.

Type : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 232U.

Eange : Northern Territory.

057. Malurus lamberti occidentalis snbsp. n.
Western Blue-breasted Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 003 (pars).

This bird is easily recognisable, as it combines the head coloration of .1/. /.
lamberti with the back coloration of M. I. assimilis.
Type : Lake Way, West Australia, No. 2318.
Range : West Australia.

058. Malurus lamberti mungi subsj). n.

Mungi Blue-breasted Wren.

Differs from M. I. occidentalis in its darker-coloured head and especially the
darker coloration of the ear-coverts. The female is more buff on the underside.
Type : North-West Australia (Mungi), No. 0U02.
Ranse : Interior of North-West Australia.

( ^fil )

059. Malurus lamberti bernieri.

Maliims hemicri Grant, Hull. liril. Oni. Cliili vol. xxiii. p. 72. 1009 ; Bernier Island, West
Australia.

Bernior Island Bine-breasted Wren.
Range: West Anstralia (Bernier Island).

960. Malurus amabilis amabilis.

Miihirus amahilix Gould, Prnc. Zool. Soc. (Lnnd.) 1850. p. 277 (1851) : Cape York, Queensland.

Synonym :
,Uahiri<!< hypolfiiriix Gould, Ann. Maij. Xat. Hist. ser. iii. vol. xi.x. p. 3lJ9. 1867: Cape York,
Queensland.

Lovely Wren.

Mathews, HandUst No. 004.

Range : North Qneensland.

9()0a. Malurus amabilis barroni subsp. n.
Allied Lovely Wren.

Differs from ..1/. a. amaljilis in having the chestnut scapular.s much darker.
Type : Oairns, North Qneensland, No. 8970.
Range : North Qneensland (Cairns).

961. Malurus amabilis dulcis.

Malurus dulcis Mathews, Bull, Brit. Ornilh. Cluli vol. xxi. p. 100. 1908 ; Arnhem Land.
Lavender-flanked Wren.
Mathews, Ilitndlist No. flOS (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

962. Malurus amabilis rogersi subsp. n.

Western Lovely Wren.

Much paler on the head and back than }[. a. dulcis, and also lacking the
lavender flanks characteristic of that form. The female is very different in
coloration.

Type : North-West Anstralia (Napier Broome Bay), No. 5695.

Range: North-West Anstralia.

963. Malurus pulcherrimus.

Malurus pulcltenimw! Gould, Pro,-. Zmil. Sor. {Lmid.) 1844. p, lOli : Western Australia.
Synonym :

Malurus racruhicnjiillus Gray, Uaudl. Ifen. .S/i. Birds Brit. .Uns. vol. i. p. lioi. 18ii9 ; Western
Australia (nude name).

Blue-breasted Wren.
Mathews, Ihindlist No. <)05.
Range : Western Australia.

964. Malurus coronatus.

Malurus mroualus Gould, Proc. Ziinl. Siir. {Lnnd.) 1857. p. 'i'H : Victoria River, Northern
Territory.

Pnrple-crowued Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 606.

Range : North-West Australia, Nortiiern Territory.

( 362 )
965. Malurus melanocephalus melanocephalus.

MmckaiM melanocephala Latham, Imlf.r Ornith. S„j,pl, p. Hi. isOl : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Sylvia dm-mli« Bensley, in Lewin's Binb of Xe.o Holhiml pi. 14. 18IJ8 : New South Wales.
Mahmis hr,m-ni, Vigors and Horsfield, 7V<(n.<. Uim. Soc. {Lowl.) vol. xv. p. t>3. 1820: Thirsty
Sound, Queensland.

Orange-backed Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 007.

Kauge : New South Wales, Sonth Queensland.

966. Malurus melanocephalus pjrrrhonotus snbsp. n.
Eastern Red-backed Wren.
Mathews, Hanrllist No. (JU8 (parsj.

Has the general coloration of M. m. crueutatas, bnt is slightly larger : wing
44 — 47 mm. ; M. m. cruentatus 38 — 42 mm.
Type : Queensland (Cairns), No. 0074.
Range : North Queensland.

967. Malurus melanocephalus cruentatus.

Malurus cruentatus Gould, Proc. Znnl. Soc. {Land.) 1839. p. 143 (1841): North-West Coast Australia.
Red-backed Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 008 (pars).
Range : North-West Australia.

968. Malurus leucopterus leucopterus.

Mulunni leuciijitcrus Quoy and Gaimard, Voij. dr. I'Uranir nt Physic. Zool. p. 108. 1824: Dirk
Hartog's Island, West Australia.

Black-aud-White Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 609 (pars).

Range : Dirk Hartog's Island, West Australia.

969. Malurus leucopterus edouardi.

Jfalurus edmmrdi Campbell, Vict. Naturalist vol. xvii. p. 2U3. I'JOl : Barrow Island, West Australia.
Allied Black-aud-White Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 609 (pars).
Range : West Australia (Barrow Island).

Genus STIPITURUS.

Stij>itunis Lesson, Traite d'Oruith. p. 414. 1830.

Type (by monotypy) : S. malachurus (Shaw).

970. Stipiturus malachurus malachurus.

Musckajm malachum Shaw, Trans. Linu. Soc. (Lnnd.) vol. iv. p. 242. 1798 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Malurus imlnstris Vieillot, Xouc. Diet. (TBist. Nat. vol. x.\. p. 213. 1818 : New South Wales.
Malurus gutaris Stephens, in Shaw's Geii. Znnl. vol. xiii. pt. ii. p. 224. 1826: New South Wales.
Malurus emitis Ewing, Tasm. Jnurn. Sci. vol. i. p. 63. 18il : (nude name).

Emu Wren.

Miithews, Handlist No. 610,

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

( 363 )
971. Stipiturus malachurus mallee.

SUpituriix mallre Campbell, Emu vol. viii. p. 34. 1908 : Mallee District of Victoria.

Mallee Emu Wren.

Mathews, IhtmUist No. 610 (pars).

Range : Victoria.

972. Stipiturus malachurus littleri subsp. u,

Tasmanian Ema Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 610 (pars).

Altogether darker than S. m. malachavm both above and below, and markedly
so on the head.

Type : Tasmania, No. 4582.
Range : Tasmania.

073. Stipiturus malachurus rothschildi snbsp. n.

Westralian Emn Wren.

Mathews, Ihtw/Ust No. 610 (pars).

Differs from S. m. malachurus in being greyer above ; the head only slightly
reddened, with the black centres to the feathers always present ; the patch between
the eye and the ear-coverts is pronouncedly white-shafted ; the blue on the throat
darker, and with less white on the abdomen.

Type : West Australia, No. 2372.

Range : South-West Australia.

974. Stipiturus malachurus ruficeps.

StipHurm ruficeps Campbell, Vict. Naturalist, vol. xv. p. 116. 1890 ; Xorth-West Cape, North-West
Australia.

Rufous-crowned Emu Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 611.
Range : North- West Australia.

Genus SFHEITUBA.

Sphenura Lichtenstein, Verzn. Doubl. Mus. Berol. p. 40. 1823.

Type (by orig. desig.) : S. brac/ti/ptera (Latham).

975. Sphenura brachyptera.

Turdus brucli jiplertis Latham, Index Ornith. Suppl. p. xliii. 18U1 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Dasyoniis aiistrdlis Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. {Lnjid.) vol. xv. p. 232. 1826 ; New

South Wales.
Malurus pectoral is Stephens, iu Shaw's Geit. Zuol. vol. xiii. pt, ii. p. 224. 1826 : New South Wales.

Bristle Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 612.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

25

( 3B4 )
976. Sphenura longirostris.

Dasyarnis hingiroalris Gould, Proc. Zuul. Sor. (Lnml.) 184U. p. 170 (l^t-ll) : West Australia.

Loug-billed Bristle Bird.

Mathews, llanrlli.st No. (513.
Rauge : West Australia.

077. Sphenura broadbenti broadbenti.

Spheiutra bmiidbenli McCoy, Ann. M(u). Nat. IJist. ser. 3. vol. xi.x. p. 185. 1867: Portland Bay
Victoria.

Rnfous Bristle Bird.
Mathews, Handli.st Xo. 014.
Kange : Victoria, South Australia.

97t*. Sphenura broadbenti litoralis.

Sphenura lilnralU Milligan, Emu, vol. i, p. ()9. I',)il2 : Elleubrook. South-West Australia.

Lesser Rufous Bristle Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 015.
Range : West Australia.

Genns DIAFHORILLAS.

Diajjhorillas Oberholser, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliilad. 18'J',l. p. 21 'J.
Type (by orig. desig.) : D. text'diif (Qnoy aud Gaimard).

'.'70. Diaphorillas textilis textilis.

ilaUrm textilis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. de I'Uraiiie. cl J'/iijsii:. Zool. p. 107. 1824: Shark's Bay,
West Australia.

Western Grass Wren.
Mathews, HuMdlist No. 616.
Range : West Australia.

980. Diaphorillas textilis giganturus.

Ami/tis gigantura Milligan, Vict. Naturalist vol. xviii. p. 28. 1901 : Mount Magnet, West Australia.

Synonym :

Amytis laegalura Sharpe, Znnl. Rec. (1001) Aves, p. 08. 1902. (Emendation for the sake of
purism.)

Northern Large-tailed Grass Wren.
Mathews, HandU.-it No. 619 (pars).
Range : Mid Westralia.

98()A. Diaphorillas textilis morgani subsp. n.

South-Western Grass Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 019 (pars).

Differs from I), t. (ji(jnvtura in being much darker below, more like macrourus,
but having the tail more as in gigantura. The white shaft-streaks on the head are
not so distinct as the above two birds.

Type : South-East Coast of West Australia, Cardiuia, No. 9865.

Range : South-West Australia.

( 365 )

981. Diaphorillas textilis macrourus.

AmylU iiiwrourus Gould, Prni\ Zool. Soc. {Lnnd.) 1847. p. 2 : (Broome Hill), Western Australia.

Synonym :

Amytis varia Carter, Vict. Naturalist vol. xxv. p. 86. 1908 : Broome Hill, West Australia.

Large-tailed Grass Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 618.
Range : South Westralia.

982. Diaphorillas textilis modestus.

Amytis modesta North, Vict. Naturalist, vol. xix. p. 103. 1902 : Meerenie Blu£E, Central Australia.

Thick-billed Grass Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 617 (pars).
Range : Central Australia.

983. Diaphorillas textilis inexpectatus subsp. n.

Grass Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 617 (pars).

Differs from D. t. textilis in having much less brown iu the feathers on the
back, fewer striations on the throat, and in having a shorter tail, and from D. t.
modesta in being very much lighter coloured. Tail 77 mm., typical birds 96 mm.

Type : New South Wales, No. 9449.

Range : New South Wales.

984. Diaphorillas striatus striatus.

Dasyornis striatus Gould, Proc. ZonO^Soc. {Loud.) 1839. p. 143 (1840) : Liverpool Plains, New
South Wales.

Striated Grass Wren.

Mathews, Handlist No. 62U (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

985. Diaphorillas striatus howei.

Diaphnrillas striatus howei Mathews, Bv.ll. Brit. Orn. Cluh, vol. xxvii. p. 100. 1911 : Kow Plains,
Victoria.

Southern Striated Grass Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 620 (pars).
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

986. Diaphorillas striatus oweni.

Amyliirnis striatus <iweni Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. xxvii. p. 48. 1911 ; East Muruhison,
West Australia.

Western Striated Grass Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 620 (pars).
Range : Mid Westralia.

( mc )

987. Diaphorillas striatus whitei.

Ami/tornis whitei Mathews. BuU. Brit. Oni. Club, vol. \kv. p. 34. 1910 : Coongan River, Xorth-
West Australia.

Large Striated Grass Wren.
Mathews, Ilandliist No. 620 (pars).
Range : North We.stralia.

088. Diaphorillas housei.

Amytix housei Milligan, }{ep. Erp. y.W. Kimherle;/, p. i}'2. 1902: X.W. Kimberley, Xorth-West
Australia.

Black Grass Wren.
Mathews, Handlkt No G21.
Range : North-West Australia.

989. Diaphorillas woodwardi,

Ami/loriiix uiundinmli Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. \vi, p. 30. 1905 : Arnhem Land, Northern
Territory.

White-throated Grass Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 622.
Range : Northern Territory.

9-'ii. Diaphorillas goyderi.

Amytis goyderi Gould, Ann. .Vai/. Nat. Hist. ser. 4. vol. xvi. p. 280. 1875: Lake Eyre, South
Australia.

South Australian Grass Wren.
Mathews, Handlist No. 623.
Range : South Australia.

Note. — From the point of view of the genus-splitter this is a heterogeneous
genus. The two species D. looodiuardi (Hartert) and D. housei (Milligan) are
altogether apart from the preceding species which agree with the type of the genus,
IJ. textilis (Q. & G.), while J), go'/deri (Gould) is also easily separable. Most
authors will certainly wish to separate these last three species from the typical
forms of the genus ; for their use I jirovide the genera Magnamytis uov. with
type A. woodicaidl Hartert, and Eyramytis nov. with type ^1. (joyderi (Gould).
These are certainly more worthy of generic recognition than the majority of the
lately introduced genera.

Genns ABTAMUS.

Arhimus Vieillot, Analyse nouv. Ornilh. p. 41. 1816.

Type (by monotyjjy) : A. leacorhynclim (Linn^).

991. Artamus leucorhynchus leucopygialis.

Arlanius leurnpygialit Gould, Proc. Zool. Sor. (Land.) 1842. p. 17 ; Cape York, Queensland.

Synonym :

Artamus leucorhynchux parrirostris Hartert, Sor. Zool. vol. vi. p. 424. 1899 : Cape York.

White-rnm]jed ^Vood Swallow.
Mathews, Handlist No. 02-t (pars).
Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

( 367 )

992. Artamus leucorhynchus harterti suhsp. n.

Western White-ramped Wood Swallow.

Mathews, Handlist No. 624 (pars).

Differs from A. I. leucopygialis in being much paler above.

Type: North-West Australia, No. 2388.

Range : North-'West Australia, Northern Territory.

993. Artamus superciliosus superciliosus.

Oryplerus superciliosus Gould, Synvps. Birds Aw^tr. pt. i. pi. i. 1837 ; Xew South Wales.

White-browed Wood Swallow.
Mathews, Handlist No. 625.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, South- West
Australia.

994. Artamus superciliosus phaeus.

Artamus pliaens Ingram, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club vol. xvi. p. Ho. 190C ; Northern Territory.

Northern White-browed Wood Swallow.

Mathews, Ha»dli.'<t No. 626.

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

995. Artamus personatus personatus.

Ocypterus persimatus Gould, Prnr. Zitol. Sue. {Loud.) 1840. p. 149 (1841) : Victoria.

Masked Wood Swallow.

Mathews, Handlist No. 628.

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

990. Artamus personatus gracilis.

Artauius prucilis Ingram, Bull. Brit. Urn. Club vol. .xvi. p. 115. 19015 : Northern Territory.

Northern Masked Wood Swallow.

Mathews, Handli.«t No. 627.

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

997. Artamus melanops melanops.

Artamus iiielannps Gould, Pror. Ziud. Sor. {Loud.) 18lj5. p. 1U8 : Central Australia (28° 30').

Black -faced Wood Swallow.

Mathews, //^^w//«C No. 631.

Range : Interior (South Australia and New South Wales).

998. Artamus melanops hypoleucus.

Artamus hypoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. vol. xiii. p. 17. 1890: Darling Downs, Queens-
land.

Synonym :

Artamus albirnUris (not Lesson) Gonld, Prnr. Zmil. Sue. (Liiml.) 1847. p. 31 : Darling Downs,
Queensland.

White-bellied Wood Swallow.
Mathews, Handlist No. (i3().
Range : Queensland.

( 368 )
000. Artamus melanops tregellasi.

Artamus Iregellaxi Mathews, Bull. Bril. Oni. Club vol. xxvii. p. 100. I'.HI: Rockingham, West
Australia.

SyiKiuyiu :
Aiiitiiius chiereiis (not Vieillot) GouM, Hmh Aiislr. vol. ii. pi. 'ill. 1H4'2 ; West Australia.

Black-vented Wood Swallow.
Mathews, llamllist No. 020.
Range : South- West Australia.

1000. Artamus melanops florenciae.

Artamus florfiirUu- Ingram, BnU. Brit. Or/i. Club vol, xvi. p. lly. l'JO(J : Noi'thern Territory.

Northern Black-faced Wood Swallow.
Mathew.s, Handlist No. (532.
Range : Northern Territory.

1001. Artamus melanops venustus.

Artamus venustus Sharpe, in Rowley's Ornilli. iliscell. vol. iii. p. 198. 1878 : North-West Australia.

White-vented Wood Swallow.
Mathews, llaixllist No. 633.
Range : North-West Australia.

1002. Artamus cyanopterus.

Loxia q/aiioptera Latham, Inilex Ornilh. Siippl. p. xlvi. 1801 : Xew South Wales,

Synonyms :
Turdus sordidus (not Miiller 1776) Latham, 7n<fe.r Orullli. Suppl. p. xliii. 1801 : New South Wales.
Arlnmns lineatiis Vieillot, Nonv. Diet. d'Hisl. Nat. vol. xvii. p. 207. 1817 : New name for T. sordidus.
0,-i/j)lenis nlbiicitlfilus Valenciennes, Mem. 3Ius. d'Hisl. Nat. (Paris) vol. vi. p. 23. 1820 : Timor=New
South Wales.

Wood Swallow.

Mathews, Handlist No, 634.

Range : Qneensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia,
South-West Australia.

E.xaiuiriation of the Watling drawings prove that Turdiis ti'iiebrosus Latham,
Index Ornith. Suppl. p. xlii. 18Ul has nothing to do with this species, as was
expected from a criticism of the description.

1003. Artamus minor minor.

Artamus minor Vieillot, Nour. Did. d'llist. Nat. vol. xvii. p. 298, 1817 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Ocypterus fuscalua Valenciennes, Hem. Mus. d'Hisl. A\tt. vol, vi. p. 24. 1820 : New South Wales.

Little Wood Swallow.

Mathews, Handli.Ht No. 635 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

1004. Artamus minor derbyi snbsp. n.
Northern Little Wood Swallow.
Mathews, Handlist No. 635 (pars).

( 369 )

Differs from A. m. minor in havini; ;i paler head and mantle.
Type : Derby, North- West Australia, No. (532;").
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

Geuns COLLURICIITCLA.

Colluriciiida Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. {Land.) vol. xv. p. 21.'?. 1826.
Type (by monotypy) : C. karmomca (Latham).

1005. CoUuricincla harmonica harmonica,

Turiluit harinnnicus Latham, Indrx Ornitli. Sniipl . p. xli. IsOl : New Soiitli Wales.

Synonyms :

Cnlluririnrla rhiereaYigOTS and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sue. (Land.) yol. .xv. p. 214. 1820: New

South Wales.
Lanius sntiirHimix Nordmaun, in Erman's Reise Xal. All. p. 14. 18.35 : New South Wales.

Grey Shrike Thrash.

Mathews, Handlist No. 636 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

lODG. CoUuricincla harmonica victoriae subsp. n.

Victorian Grey Shrike Thrush.

Mathews, Hamllist No. 630 (pars).

Differs from C. h. harmonica in its darker coloration above.

Type : Victoria, No. 9046.

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1007. CoUuricincla harmonica oblita subsp. n.
Pallid Grey Shrike Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 636 (pars).

Differs from C. h. harmonica in its pale coloration, both above and below.
Type : Queensland (Inkerman), No. 2493.
Range : South Queensland.

Kills. CoUuricincla harmonica strigata.

Colbiricincla strirjuta Swainson, Anim. in .Menag. p. 283. 18.37 : Tasmania.

Synonyms :

Colluricimia rectirostris Jardine and .Selby. Jlliislr. Oni. vol. iv. pi. xxxi. 1839 : Tasmania.
CoUuricincla selbii Gould, Birds Au.itr. vol. ii. pi. 77. 1844 : Tasmania.

Whistling Shrike Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 637.
Range : Tasmania.

1009. CoUuricincla harmonica pallescens subsp. n.

Grey-backed Shrike Thrush.

Mathews, Handlist No. (536 (pars).

Differs from C. h. harmonica in its much paler coloration, both above and
below, the back coloration so pale as to almost blend into the grey of the head
and rump, while the abdomen is almost pure white.

Tyjie: Qneeiishind (Cairns), No. 9306.

Range : North Queensland.

( 370 )
Itilo. Colluricincla harmonica superciliosa.

Culhinrhicla soipa-ciliom Masters, Proc. Linn. .Sou. jV..S. \V. vol. i. p. oO. 1875 : Cape Grenville,
Queensland.

Xortherti Shrike Thrush.
Mathews, riamUist No. fi39.
R.ange : North Queensland.

Mil. Colluricincla brunnea.

CoUiirlchirla hnmma Gould, Pr,„: Zuol. So,; (Loml.) 18-10. p. 1(34 (1841): North-west Coast
Australia (Xortheru Territory).

Synonym :

Colbjrifidnda jialliiliroslns Sh.arpe, Git. Birrh Bill. .Uiis. vol. iii. p. 29.S. 1877 : Port Essington,
Northern Territory.

Brown Shrike Thrnsh.

Mathews, IlaiulUst No. 038.

Range : North- West Australia, Northern Territor\'.

1IJ12. Colluricincla rufiventris rufiventris.

Colluricincla rufiventris Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (^Loml.) 1840. p. 164 (.1841) : .Swan River, West
Australia.

Synonym :

Turdus subcinereus .Sclater, Prm: Zool. Soc. (Loud.) 1866. p. A20 : West .Australia.

Buff-bellied Shrike Tlirnsh.
Mathews, Handl/.it No. 040 (pars),
Range : West Australia.

1013. Colluricincla rufiventris whitei subsp. n.

Sonthern Buff-bellied f^iirike Thrnsh.

Mathews, Handlist No. 640 (pars).

Differs from C. r. rvfirentris in its brown coloration above and below.

Type : South Anstralia (Eyre's Peninsula), No. 9304.

Range : South Australia.

1014. Colluricincla woodwardi.

Colluricincla woodwardi Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. .xii. p. 228, 1908 : Arnhem Laud, Xorthern
Territory.

Red-bellied Shrike Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 041.
Range : Northern Territory.

101.5. Colluricincla parvula.

Colluricincla jmrrula Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Loml.) 184.5. p. 62: Port Essington, Northern
Territory.

Little Shrike Thrnsh.
Mathews, JJani/linf No. 643.
Range : Northern Territory.

( 371 )
1016. CoUuricincla megarhyncha rufogaster.

CoUnriniirla rnfnijaster Gould, Pmc. Znol. Soc. i^Loml.) 1845. p. .SO : Clarence River, New South
Wales.

Rnfons-breasted Shrike Thrash.
Mathews, Handlist No. 044 (pars).
Eange : New Sonth Wales.

1017. CoUuricincla megarhyncha cerviniventris.

CoUyrinclnda cerviniveiitns >forth, Rec. Auslr. Mus. yol. iii. p. 49. 1897 : Dawson River, Queensland.
Fawn-breasted Shrike Tlinish.
Mathews, Ha/u/l/st No. 642.
Range : South Queensland.

lol8. CoUuricincla megarhyncha gouldii.

Mijioledes gouldii Gray, Proc. Zool. So^. (Loud.) 1858. p. 180 : Brown's River, Queensland.

Synonym :

CoUuricincla parvisui ma Gould, A?in. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4. vol. x. p. 114. 187"2 : Rockingham
Bay, Queensland.

Little Rnfons-breasted Shrike Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 644 (pars).
Range : Mid Queensland.

1019. CoUuricincla megarhyncha griseata.

Myiolestes griseutus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe. (Loml.) 1858. p. 180 : Cape York, North Queensland.
Minute Shrike Thrush.
Mathews, Handlist No. 644 (pars).
Range : North Queensland.

1020. CoUuricincla boweri.

Cnlli/riocinrla howeri Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. vol. x. p. 244. 1885 : Cairns, Queensland.

Synonym :
CoUuricincla nilnla De Vis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. vol. v. p. 161. 1888 : Cardwell, Queensland.

Stripe-breasted Shrike Thrush.

Mathews, Handlist No. 645.

Range : Queensland.

Genus GBALLINA.

Grallina Tieillot, Analyse nouv. Ornith. p. 42. 1816.

Type (by monotypy) : G. cyanoleuca (Latham).

1021. Grallina cyanoleuca cyanoleuca.

CorvHs cyanoleucus Latham, lnde.f: Ornith. Snpjil. p. x.w. 1801 : New South Wales.
Synonyms :

Gracula picata Latham, Index Ornith. Siijipl. p. xxix. 1801 : New South Wales.

Tanypus austrulis Oppel, Denkschr. Aknil. Wissen. Miiiich. 1811-12. p. 164. 1812 ■. New South

Wales.
Grallinn mflanolciiat Vieillot, .Vokj-. Did. tVHist. Nat. vol. xiii. p. 401. 1817 : New South Wales.

Magpie Lark.

Mathews, Handlist No. 040 (pars).

( '^--^ )

Range: Queensland, New Soiitli Wales, Victoria, South Anstralia, Soutli-West
Anstralia.

1022. Grallina cyanoleuca neg'lecta subsp. n.

Little Magpie Lark.

Mathews, HamUi.it No. 64(5 (pars).

Differs from G. c. c>/anoleticn in its smaller size: winsj 1(')0-I(i4 mm. ; typical
180-184 mm.

Type: North- West Anstralia (Parry's Creek), No. 2535.

Range : North-West Australia.

Genus CBACTZCUS.

Cracticus Yieillot, Anahjse twiic. Ortiith. p. 37. 18Ui.

Type (by monotypy) : C. cassicus (Boddaert).

iN'ote. — Why the geims G pnnorhina has been recognised I am unable to
discover. The birds of both Gipnnorhina and Cracfiras agree in tlie most miuiite
details, even down to coloration. If Gijmnorhina can be utilised, theu of course a
genus will be required for almost every Australian species. It is remarkable that
all the members of both "genera" are coiifineil to the Australasian Avifaunal
Region.

1U23. Cracticus tibicen tibicen.

Coracias tiliceii Latham, Ituhx Oniith. Siij'/il. p xxvii. IKOl : New South Wales.

Black-backed Magpie.

Mathews, Handlist No. 1147 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

lii-'4. Cracticus tibicen terraereginae subsp. n.
Little Black-backed Magjjie.
Mathews, Ila/idli.it No. 047 (pars).

Differs from C. t. tibicen in its much smaller size : wing 240 mm. ; typical
wing 270 mm.

Type : Queensland (Bartle Frere), No. 3(i37.
Range : North Queensland.

102.1. Cracticus tibicen intermissus subsp. n.

Victorian Black-backed Magpie.
Mathews, Ilai/dlixt No. 647 (pars).

Differs from C. t. tibicen in being smaller, but much larger than C. I. terrae-
reginae.

Type : Victoria, No. 5077.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1026. Cracticus tibicen longirostris.

Gymnorhina longirostvix Milligan, Eiint vol. iii. p. 00. UKC! ; Ashburton River, North-West Australia.

Synonyms :
Gymnorhina albicniralh Degen, Emu vol. iii. p. 207. 1904 : West Australia.

G'jmmrhiim tihireu hitigirostris Hartert, Xor. Znol. vol. xii. p. 2.30. 1005: Nullagine, North-West
Australia.

( 373 )

White-legged Mag])ie.
Mathews, IlamUist No. 648.
Range : North-West Australia.

1027. Cracticus hypoleucus hypoleucus.

Cractimis hypohMvn Gould, Si/iiojjs. Birds Austr. pt. i. pi. iv. 18S7 : Tasmania.

Synonym :
Gymnorhina organkum Gould, Birds Austr. vol. ii. pi. 48. 1844 : Tasmania.

Lesser White-backed Magpie.
Mathews, Handlist No. 651.
Range : Tasmania.

1028. Cracticus hypoleucus leuconotus.

Gymnorhina hnconuki Gould, Birds Austr. vol. ii, pi. 47. 1844 : South Australia
White-backed Mag[)ie.
Mathews, Handli.'it No. 050 (pars).
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1029. Cracticus hypoleucus intermedius snbsp. n.

Intermediate White-backed Magpie.
Mathews, Handlist No. 650 (pars).
Differs from C. h. leuconotus in its larger size.
Type : New South Wales, No. 7067.
Range : New South Wales.

1030. Cracticus hypoleucus dorsalis.

Gymnorhina dorsalis Campbell, Proc Roy. Sor. Victoria ser. ii. vol. vii. p. 206. 1895 : West
Australia.

Western White-backed Magpie.
Mathews, Handlist No. 649.
Range : West Australia.

1031. Cracticus quoyi spaldingi.

Cracticus spaldiiigi Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. ii. p. 271. 1877 ; Port Darwin, Northern
Territory.

Synonym :
CraiticKs quoyi tunneyi Hartert, Nor. Zoul. vol. xii. p. 228. 1005 : Northern Territory.

Allied Butcher Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 652.
Range : Northern Territory.

1032. Cracticus quoyi rufescens.

Cracticns nifescens De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.]V. vol. vii. p. 562. 1882: TuUy River Scrubs,
Queensland.

Rnfous Butcher Bird.

Mathews, Handli.st No. 653.
Range : North Queensland.

( 374 )
1033. Cracticus nigrogularis nigrogularis.

Vauga nigrugiilaria Gould, Synopa. Birds Aiislr. pt. i. pi. iii. 1837 : Xew South Wales.
Black-throated Butcher Bird.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. (i54 (jjars).
Range : New South Wales.

1U34. Cracticus nigrogularis inkermani snbsp. n.

Queensland Black-throated Butcher Bird.
Mathews, HandlLst No. (>.j4 (pars).

Differs from C. n. riiyrogiilaris in its smaller size: wing, 160 mm. to 173 mm.;
typical wing, 180 mm.

T3-pe : Inkerman, Queensland, No. 2584.
Range : Queensland.

1035. Cracticus nigrogularis mellori sub.sp. n.

Sonthern Black-throated Butcher Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. ()54 (pars).

Differs from C. n. nigroyularis in being larger: wing IS6 mm.

Type : Sonth Australia, No. 2583.

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1036. Cracticus nigrogularis kalgoorli subsp. n.

Western Black-throated Butcher Bird.

Mathews, HamUiM No. 654 (pars).

Differs from C. n. nigrogularis in its longer bill — 48 ram.

Type : Kalgoorlie, West Australia, No. 3840.

Range : West Australia.

1037. Cracticus nigrogularis picatus.

Craeticua picatm Gould, Proc. Zonl, Soc. (LoikI.) 1848. p. 40 : Port Essington, Northera Territory.

Pied Butcher Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 655.

Range : Northern Territory, North- West Australia.

1038. Cracticus torquatus torquatus.

Latiiun torqiiafif^ Latham, Iiider Oniith. Suppf. p. xviii. 1801 ; New South Wales.
Synonyms :

Barita dexIruHnr Temminck aud Laugier, Phin. Color. d'Ois. vol. iii. 41)" livr. pi. 'jy.'). 18-J4 : New

South Wales.
Vanga uiislralh Stephens, in Shaw's Gc«. Zool. vol. xiii. pt. ii. p. 150. 182(') : New South Wales.

Collared Butcher Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 658 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

1039. Cracticus torquatus olindus subsp. n.
Sonthern Collared Butcher Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 658 (pars).

( 375)

Differs from C. t. toripMta.s iu being darker above auJ smaller in the wing :
133 — 13S mm.: typical, 142 — lo4 mm.
Type : Victoria, No. 5066.
Range : Victoria.

lUS'JA. Cracticus torquatus ethelae snbsp. n.

Southern Butcher Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 658 (pars).

Uiifers from C*. t. torquatuH iu being much lighter above.

Type : Eyre's Peninsula, South Australia, No. 9679.

Range : South Australia.

1040. Cracticus torquatus cinereus.

Vaiiga chierea Gould, Syiiiiiin. Binh Anxfr. pt. i. pi. ii. 1837 ; Tasmania.

Grey Butcher Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 659.
Range : Tasmania.

1041. Cracticus torquatus leucopterus.

Crfietirux lencnpterim Gould, Birds Aimlr. Intind. vol. i. p. .v.vxv. 1848 ; West Australia.

White-winged Butcher Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 656.
Range : West Australia.

1042. Cracticus torquatus argenteus.

Cracticus argetileus Gould, I'roc. Zuol. &uc. {Lund.) 1840. p. 12lj (1841) : North-West Coast of Australia.

SUver-backed Butcher Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 657.
Range : North- West Australia.

1043. Cracticus mentalis.

Crcuticus iiieiilolix Salvador! and D'Albertis, Ann. J/«s, i'/c. IJenoc. vol. vii. p. 824. 1875 : South-
Easteru New Guinea.

Black-backed Batcher Bird.

Range : (Queensland ((Jape York), New Guinea.

Genus PALCUITCULUS.

Falctmcidiis Vieillot, Analyse nouv. OriiHIi. p. 40. 181IJ.

Type (by mouotypy) : F. J'rontatus (Latham).

1"44. Falcunculus frontatus frontatus.

Lanlus frontatus Latham, Indcc Ornith. >inppl. p. .wiii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
? Falcunculus fldviijulus Gould, Synups. Birds Au.^lr. pt. iv. App. p. 2. 1838.

Yellow-bellied Shrike Tit.

Mathews, Handlist No. 660 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

( 376 )
HI45. Falcunculus frontatus gouldi.

Fakuticulus gouldi Cabanis, Mus. Heine vol. i. p. 66. 1851 : Port Phillip, Victoria.

Greeu-bellied Shrike Tit.
Jlatliews, Ilnndlist No. (iOO (pars).
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

In4(i. Falcunculus frontatus herbertoni sub-sji. n.

Pale Shrike Tit.

Matbews, Handlid No. (i(30 ipars).

Differs from F.f.J'roiitatux in its paler coloration above and below, and in its
shorter bill.

Type : Herbertou, Queensland, No. 9U11.
Eange : North Queensland.

1047. Falcunculus frontatus whitei.

FakuHcidus whitei Campbell, Emu vol. x. p. 167. 1910 : Napier Broome Bay, Xorth West
Australia.

Yellow Shrike Tit.

Ranse : North-West Australia.

1048. Falcunculus frontatus leucogaster.

Falcunculus leui-ogniler Gould, Si/mjj.s. Binh A^idi: pt. iv. App. p. 2. 1838 : Western Australia.

White-bellied Shrike Tit.
Mathews, Handlist No. 661.
Range : West Australia.

Genas OREOICA.

Oreoica Gould, St/noj)S. Birds Amir. pt. iv. App. p. 4. 1838.
Type (by orig. desig.) : 0. crigtata (Beusley).

Iii49. Oreoica cristata cristata.

Turdas christatus Bensley, in LewinV Birds nf New Holland pi. ix. 1808 ; New South Wales.

Synonym :

Falcunculus guituraXis Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Hoc. (Land.) vol. xv. p. -il'i. 1826 (Kent
Group is an error) ; Xew South Wales.

Crested Bell Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 662 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

1050. Oreoica cristata clelandi snbsji. n.

Southern Crested Bell Bird.

Mathews, Hamllist No. (;02 (pars).

Differs from U. c. cristata in having the abdomen snow-white.

Type : Coonalpyn, South Australia, No. 8925.

Range : South Australia.

( 377 )

1051. Oreoica cristata pallescens snbsp. n.

Pallid Crested Bell Bird.

Mathews, llaudlist No. 602 (jiars).

Diflers from 0. c. erigtatn iu its smaller size and pallid coloration.

Type : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 262.5.

Range : Northern Territory.

1052. Oreoica cristata mungi subsp. n.
Northern Crested Bell Bird.
Mathews, Haiullist No. 662 (pars).

Differs from 0. c. pallescens iu being very ranch paler and in having a rnfous-
bnff rnmp.

Type : Muugi, North- West Australia, No. UUU.
Range : North-West Australia (Interior).

1053. Oreoica cristata westralensis subsp. u.
Western Crested Bell Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 662 (pars).

Differs from 0. c. cristata in its slightly larger size, lighter and greyer
coloration above and below.

Type : Sonth-West Australia, No. 2629.
Range : West Australia.

Genns AFHELOCEFHALA.

Ajihetocrphala Oberholser, Pnic Acad. Xiit. Sci, I'/iilitd. 18'J'J. p. 214.
Type (by orig. desig.) : ^1. lettcojisis (Gould).

1054. Aphelocephala leucopsis leucopsis.

Xernjihila Icucnp^is Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Loud.) 1840. p. 175 (1841) : South Australia

Whitcface.

Mathews, Handlist No. 680 (pars).

Range: iSonth Australia.

lo5."i. Aphelocephala leucopsis missa snbsii. n.
Brown Whiteface.
Mathews, Handlist No. 680 (pars).

Differs from ^4. I. leucopsis in its browner coloration above and yellower below,
and especially in its pale head.

Type : New •Soutii Wales, No. 7056.
Range: New South Wales, Victoria.

1056. Aphelocephala leucopsis pallida.

Apliclw-rp/uiUi hiwnjisia jiiillida M:itliew.s, Jlnll. Brit. (Jin. Club vol. .v.Kvii. p. G2. I'.Ul : Leigh's
Creek, South Australia.

Pallid Whiteface.

Mathews, Handli.st No. 680 (pars).
Range : (South Australia (Interior).

( 378 )
IfiiiT. Aphelocephala pectoralis pectoralis.

Xerophila jifitoruUs Gould, Ami. Mag. Xal. Hisl. Ber. iv. vol. viii. p. 192. IsTl : Port AugusU,
South Australia.

Chestnut-breasted Whiteface.
Mathews, llnmUixt No. 690.
Range : South Australia.

lui)8. Aphelocephala pectoralis castaneiventris.

Xerophila easbiMiveitlris Milligan, Einii vol. iii. p. 70. 190!! ; Murchison, West Australia.
Murchisou Whiteface.
Mathews, Handlist No. 692,
Range : Mid Westralia.

1059. Aphelocephala nigricincta nigricincta.

Xerophila nigricincta North, Ibis 1895. p. .340 : Missionary Plain, Central Australia.

Black-banded Whiteface.
Mathews, Handlist No. 691.
Range : Central Australia.

I'Kin, Aphelocephala nigricincta tanami subsp. u.

Tanami Black-banded Whiteface.

Differs from A. n. nigricincta iu its deeper coloration above, especially on the
head and the flank markings, while paler below.
Type : Northern Territory (Tanami), No. 4993.
Range : Northern Territory.

Genus SFHENOSTOMA.

Spheiiodoina Gould, Synops. Birds Auslr. pt. iv. pi. ti:5. 18.38.
Type (by mouotypy) : S. cristatum Gould.

1U61. Sphenostoma cristatum cristatum.

SphenosloiiM frisUiliim Gould, Syiinps. Birds Auslr. pt. iv. pi. 63. 1838 : New South Wales.
Wedgebill.

Mathews, Handlist No. 693 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

1062. Sphenostoma cristatum pallidum subsp. n.
Pale Wedgebill.

Mathews, Handlist No. 693 (pars).
Differs from 6'. c. cristatum in its paler upper-surface.
Type: Leigh's Creek, South Australia, No. 6196.
Range : South Australia.

I'"i3. Sphenostoma cristatum occidentale subsp. n.

Westialiau Wedgebill.

Mathews, Handlist No. 693 (pars).

Ditt'ers from S. c. cristatum in its darker coloration.

( 379 )

Type : Day Dawn, West Australia, No. 5221.
Range : West AuBtralia.

1064. Sphenostoma cristatum tanami subsp. u.

Northern Wedgeliill.

Mathews, Handlist No. 693 (pars).

Differs from S. c. cristatum in its smaller size.

Type : Tanami, Northern Territory, No. 5137.

Range : Northern Territory.

Genus ITEOSITTA.

Neositta Hellmayr, Joiim.fiir Oniiih. 1901. p. 187.

Type (by monotypy) : N. chrysoptera (Latham).

106.J. Neositta chrysoptera chrysoptera.

Sitta cliri/sopttra Latham, Index Omitli. Siipjil. p. xx.vii. 1801 : New South Wales.
Orange-winged Tree-runner.
Mathews, Handlist No. 694 (pars).
Range : Queensland, New South AVales.

1066. Neositta chrysoptera lathami subsp. n.
Victorian Tree-runner.
Mathews, Handlist No. 694 (pars).

Differs from N. c. chri/soptera in its paler coloration above and below, the
nnder-surf'ace being almost white.
Type : Victoria, No. 5106.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1067. Neositta leucocephala leucocephala.

Sitlella leucocephala Gould, Synops. Birds Atistr. pt. iv. pi. 68. 1838 : Queensland.

White-headed Tree-runner.
Mathews, Handlist No. 695.
Range : Queensland.

1068. Neositta leucocephala albata.

Sitlella alliala Ramsay, Pioc. Znol. Soc. {Loud.) 1877. p. 351 : Port Denison, Queensland.

Pied Tree-runner.
Mathews, Handlist No. 696.
Range : Queensland.

1069. Neositta pileata pileata.

Sillelln pileata Gould, Synopx. Bint'! Austi: pt. iv. pi. 68. 1838 : Swan River, West Australia.

Synonym :
Sitlella melaiioeephala Gould, Synopr;. Jiinls Auslr. pt. iv. pi. (J8 1838: Swan River, West Australia.

Black-capped Tree-runner.

Mathews, Handlist No. 697 (pars).
Range : ^Vest Australia.

26

( 380 )
1070. Neositta pileata tenuirostris.

Siltella tenuirostris Gould, llandb. liirih Aiistr. vol. i. p. 610 note, ISiiS : South Australia.

Slender-billed Tree-rnnuer.

Mathews, Hfi/n/li.ff No. fi'.iS.

Range : Sontli Auatralia, adjoining parts of Victoria.

A'ote. — The type of S. tenuirostris, which I have e.xaiuined, was jirocnred by
Captain Stnrt, and is a yonng loug-billpd aberration. The name must be used for
the South Australian race, which is characterised by its duller head, smaller size
and more spotting on the upper-surface, but the slender bill is not constant.
Indeed, this feature is more constant in the East Murchison race, as pointed out by
Milligan.

1071. Neositta pileata milligani subsji. n.

Pallid Black-capped Tree-runner.

Mathews, Handlist No. 697 (pars).

Differs from N. p. pileata in its smaller size and much paler coloration.

Type : "West Australia (East Murchison), No. 3974.

Range : Mid Westralia.

1072. Neositta pileata broomi subsp. n.

South-West Black-headed Tree-ruuner.
Mathews, Handlist No. ()97 (pars).

Differs from S. p. pileata in its paler coloration, and from y. p. tenuirostris
in its more distinctly spotted upper-surface.

Type : AVest Australia (Broome Hill), No. 2773.
Range : South-West Australia.

1U73. Neositta pileata leucoptera.

Sitlella Imroptcra Gould, Prnc. Zoo/. Soc. {Lund.) 183'J. p. 144 (1840J : North-West Coast, Australia
(Derby).

White-winged Tree-rnuner.

Mathews, Handlist No. 099.

Range : North-West Australia (Coast).

1U74. Neositta pileata rogersi subsp. n.
Mnugi Tree-runner.

Differs from iV. p. leucoptera in its paler coloration above.
Type: Nurth-West Australia (Muugi), No. 9114.
Range : Interior North- West Australia.

1 1 175. Neositta pileata subleucoptera subsp. n.

Northern Black-headed Tree-ninner.

Mathews, Handlist No. 697 (pars).

Differs from X p. royersi in being paler still and larger.

Type : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 2776.

Range : Northern Territory.

( 381 )
1070. Neositta striata striata.

SllteUii striata Gould, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. iv. vol. iv. p. 110. 18(j9 : Cape York, Queensland.

Striated Tree-ruuner.

Mathews, Handlist No. TUO (pars).

Range : North Qneenslaiid (Cape York).

Iu77. Neositta striata rothschildi siilisp. n.

Allied Striated Tree-runuer.
Mathews, Handlist No. 700 (pars).

Differs from iV. s. striata in being larger — wing 82 mm., typical birds 75 mm. —
and from y. s. magnirostris in being paler.
Type : Cairns, Queensland, No. 2786.
Range : Queensland (Cairns).

1078. Neositta striata magnirostris.

NeoiUta magnirostris Ingram, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cluh, vol. xxi. p. 'J'J. VMS : Inkerman, Queensland.

Large-billed Striated Tree-runner.
Range : Queensland (Inkerman).

Genus CIiIMACTEBIS.

Climacleris Temminok, Manuel d'Ornith. ed. 2. vol. i. p. Ixxxv. 1820.
Type (by orig. desig.) : C. leucophaea (Latham).

1079. Climacteris melanura melanura.

Cliiuacterifi melanura Gould, Prw. Zool. Soc. (Loud.) 1842. p. 138 (1843) : North- West Coast
Australia (Derby).

Black-tailed Tree-creejier.
Mathews, Handlist No. 701 (pars).
Range : North- West Australia.

1080. Climacteris melanura wellsi.

Climacteris welhi Grant, Ihis I'JO'J. p. 6G4 : Clifton Downs, West Australia.

Allied Black-tailed Tree-creeper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 70l (pars).
Range : West Australia.

1081. Climacteris melanura alexandrae subsj). n.

Northern Black-tailed Tree-creeper.

Mathews, Handlist No. 701 (pars).

Differs from C. m. melaimra in being much paler below.

Type : Ale.xandra, Northern Territory, No. 2795.

Range : Northern Territory.

( 382 )
H)S2. Climacteris melanota.

Cliinacterh mehuiolus Gould, Proc. Zuol. So.-. (Loud.) 184G. p. lOG (1817) : River Lynd, Queensland.
Black-backed Tree-creeper.
Mathews, IlamUht Xo. 702.
Range : Qneeaslaud.

lu»3. Climacteris rufa rufa.

CUmacHrh rufa Gould, Prcc. Znnl. Soc. (Loud.) 1840. p. 149 (1841) ; Western Australia.
llufous Tree-creeper.
Mathews, Ilandlist No. 703 (pars).
Range : West Australia (Inland).

1084. Climacteris rufa obscura.

Cliiiiarleris nifa ohxriira Carter, Bull. Brit. Oru. CIuli, vol. .\xvii. p. U>. 1910: Warren River, South-
West Australia.

Allied Rufons Tree-creeper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 703 (pars).
Range : West Anstralia (('oastal).

lu8o. Climacteris rufa orientalis snbsp. n.
Pale Rufous Tree-creeper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 703 (pars).

Differs from C. r. rufa in being paler Ijoth aljove and below.
Type : South Anstralia, No. 2800.
Range : iSuuth Australia.

lo8G. Climacteris picumnus picumnus.

Climacteris picuinuus Temminck and Laugier, /'/a«. Odnr. d'Om. vol. iii. 47" livr. pi. 281. fig. 1.
1824 : North Coast (Queensland).

Brown Tree-creeper.

Mathews, Handlist No. 704 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

1087. Climacteris picumnus australis subsp. u.

Southern Brown Tree-creeper.

Mathews, Handlist No. 704 (pars).

Differs from C. p. picumnus in being much darker above.

Type : Murray Flats, South Australia, No. 8931.

Range : South Australia.

1088. Climacteris picumnus victorias subsj). n.

Victorian Brown Tree-creeper.

Mathews, Handlist No. 704 (pars).

Differs from C. p. picumnas in lacking the reddish-brown tinge of the back.

Type: Victoria, No. 5112.

Range ; Victoria.

( 383 )

1089. Climacteris leucophaea leucophaea.

drthia leucophaea Latham, Imlnr Ornith. Siippl. p. xxxvi. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
PHrodroma hailloni Vieillot, Noiir. Dirt d' Hid. Nat. vol. xxvi. p. 107. 1819 : Xew South Wales.
Cliniiirti-rh smndenx Teraniinck and Laugier, Plan. Cnhir. d'Ois. vol. iii. 47" livr. pi. 281. fig. 'i.

1824 : New South Wales.
Ctimacter/s pun-honota (iould, Pvoi-. Zool. Sor. (^Lond.) 1867. p. 97(3 : Springfield, New South

Wales.

White-throated Creeper.

Mathews, IlanclUst No. 705 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales, South Queensland, Victoria.

1090. Climacteris leucophaea minor.

Climacteris leiicophvea minor Eamsay, Tab. List Austr. Birds ed. ii. Add. p. 2. 18'J1 ; Bartle Frere,
Queensland.

Synonym :
Climacteris weisleei Eeichenow, Orn. ifoiiatsh. vol. viii. p. 187. 1900 : North Queensland.

Lesser White-throated Creeper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 708.
Range : North Queensland.

1091. Climacteris leucophaea grisescens subsp. n.
Southern White-throated Creeper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 705 (pars).

Dittbrs from C. /. leucophaea iu its larger size and greyer coloration on the
upper surface. Wing 91 — 92 mm. ; typical 84 mm.
Type : South Australia, No. 9400.
Range : South Australia.

1092. Climacteris erythrops erythrops.

Climarlerix pnjthrnps Gould, Prur. Zonl. Sor. {Loud.) 1840. p. 148 (1841) : New South Wales.

Red-browed Tree-cre('])er.

Mathews, Handlist No. 706.

Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria.

1093. Climacteris erythrops neositta snbsp. n.

Western AVhite-browed Tree-(Teeper.

Matiicws, Handlist No. 707 (pars).

Differs from C. e. superciliosa in being more reddish-browu on the back.

Type : Callion, West Australia, No. 2827.

Range : South- West Australia.

10'.»4. Climacteris erythrops superciliosa.

Cliniarterls sifpi^rriliosa Nortli, Iftis 189.'). p. H41 : Ilara Creek, Central Australia.

White-browed Tree-creeper.
Mathews, Handlist No. 707 (pars).
Range : Central Anstralia.

( 384)

Genns ZOSTEKOFS.

Zosterops Vigors and HorsBeld, Tra/K. /-■»«. *.<■. {L;nd.) vol. xv. p. 234. 1826.
Type (by monotypy) : Z. lafenili.s (Latham).

1095. Zosterops albiventris albiventris.

Zmlrropx filhh'eiitrh Reichenbach, //««'//.. M>'r„p. p. 92. 18.10 : Torres Straits.

Synonym :

Zosterops JIavogularis Masters, Proc. Linn. Sor. .V..S.Tr. vol. i. p. oG. 1875 : Torres Straits.

Pale-bellied White Eye.
Mathews, Handlist No. 710.
Range : Torres Straits.

1096. Zosterops lutea lutea.

Zoxterojis luletix Gould, Dinh Anslr. vol. iv. pi. 83. 1843 : Greenhill Island, Van Diemen's Gulf,
Northern Territory.

Yellow White Eye.

Mathews, Handlist No. 711 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory.

1097. Zosterops lutea guUiveri.

Zuslerops {Tejihrii.i?) quUireri Castelnau and Ramsay, Pru,:. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. i. p. 383. 1876 :
Norman River, Queensland.

Golden White Eye.
Mathews, Handlist No. 721.
Range : North Queensland.

1098. Zosterops lutea tribulationis subsp. n.

Western Yellow White Eye.
Mathews, Handlist No. 711 (pars).

Differs from Z. I. lutea in its mnch paler coloration both above and below,
being paler than Z. I. balstoni.

Type : North- West Australia (Point Torment), No. 8204.
Range : North-West Australia.

1099. Zosterops lutea balstoni.

Zosterops balstoni Grant, Ibis 1909. p. GG:i ; Carnarvon, West Australia.

Carnarvon White Eye.
Range : West Anstralia.

1100. Zosterops bowiae.

Zosterops bowiae Home, Emu vol. vii. p. 30. 1907 : Morang, Victoria.

Grey White Eye.
Matliews, Handlist No. 713.
Range: Victoria (Morang).

( 385 )
]M1. Zosterops lateralis lateralis.

Sylvin lateralis Latham, Inthx Oiiiith. Sup/d. p. Iv. 1801 : Xew South Wales.

Synonym :

Zosterops dorsdUs Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sun. (Loud.) vol. xv. p. 2.Sa. 1826 : New South

Wales.
? Zosterops australis Ramsay, Ihis 1863. p. 180 (uom. nud.) : New South Wales.

White Eye.

Mathews, Handli.-it No. 712 (pars).

Eange : New Sontli Wales.

yote. — Certhia cne.rulescen.i Latham, Index Ornith. Suppl. p. xxxviii. 1801,
cannot be used for this bird, as can be recognised from the description and
confirmed liy examination of the type-drawing. North {Austr. Mus. Spec. Cat.
No. 1. vol. ii. p. 209. ]'.M)7) has rightly discarded it and used hiterali.i Latliam,
with which I agree.

1102. Zosterops lateralis westernensis.

Dacnis westernensis Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. I'Astrol. Zool. vol. i. p. 215. 1830 : Western Port, Victoria.

Soutiieru White Eye.

Mathews, Handlist No. 712 (pars).

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1103. Zosterops lateralis tasmanica snbsp. n.
Tasmanian White Eye.
Mathews, UandliHt No. 712 (pars).

Differs from Z. I. lateralis m having a much narrower grey mantle.
Type : Tasmania, No. 2840.
Range : Tasmania.

1104. Zosterops lateralis halmaturina.

Znsteriips hahnnlnrina Campbell, Enid vol. v. p. 143. 1906: Kangaroo Island.

Island White Eye.
Mathews, Handlist No. 714.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

110.3. Zosterops lateralis ramsayi.

ZdHterops mmsiii/i Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. i p. 56. 1875: Palm Island, Torres
Straits.

Synonym :
Zosterops westernensis vegeta Hartert, iVov. Zonl. vol. vi. p. 425. 1899 : Cape York.

Yellow-vented White Eye.
Mathews, HiindUst Nos. 717 and 716.
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

1100. Zosterops lateralis cornwalli snbsp. n.
Queensland White Eye.

Dift'ers from Z. I. ramsayi m its larger size (wing 01 mm.) and less brilliant
yellow on the vent.

( 386 )

Type : Mackay, Qoeensland, No. ()o05.
Range : Mid Qaeensland.

lli»7. Zosterops lateralis gouldi.

ZusterojiK rjouhli Bonaparte, Cohh/i. Gen. Ai-. vol. i. p. 398. 1850; West .Vustralia.

Synonym :

Zusterops chloronotus Gould (nee Vieillot), 7'<oc. Znol. Sor. {Luiul.) 1840. p. IGo (1841); West
Australia.

Green-backed White Eye.
Mathews, Handlist No. 7U9.
Range : West Australia.

1108. Zosterops lateralis tephropleura.

Zosterops tephrophiira Gould, Proc. Zuul. Sue. (Lojul.) 1855. p. lliC : Capricorn Group, Barrier
Reef.

Synonym :
Zosterops cUorocephalus Campbell and White, Emu vol. x. p. 196. 1910 ; Capricorn Group.

Capricorn "White Eye.

Mathews, Handlist No. 715.

Range : Capricorn Gronp, Barrier Reef, Queensland.

Note.— Zosterops tephropleura Gonld, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Land.) l.s.55. p. Ifi6,
was described as from Lord Howe Island. The type sjiecimen which I liave now
before me is the bird recently described by Campbell and White {Emu vol. x.
p. 196. 1910) as Zosterops chlorocephalus, the types of which I have carefully
compared with it. The only couclnsion I can arrive at is that Z. tpphroplfura
did not come from Lord Howe Island, bat was collected somewhere on the
Barrier Reef. In confirmation I may state that the specimen was received by
Gonld with birds from Lord Howe Island and also from the Barrier Reef sent
from Cape York. Further evidence is that the specimen lacks Macgillivray's
original label, and I therefore presume it arrived without such label and was
erroneously credited to Lord Howe Island. Macgillivray's specimens are
beautifully labelled and accurate, and that this specimen lacks data in itself
causes suspicion as to its correct locality. I have seen no specimen at all like
it from Lord Howe Island, and cannot trace any recent record.

Genus DICAEUM.

Dtraeiiin Cuvier. Rhgne Animal, vol. i. p. 410. 1816.

Type (by subs, desig.) : J), eriithronotitm (Gmelin).

1109. Dicaeum hirundinaceum hirundinaceum.

Motariila hirundinacea Sbaw and Nodder, Nut. .Misrell. vol. iv. pi. 114. 1792 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Pipra desmaretii Leach, Zool. Mincell. vol. i. p. 94. 1814 : New South Wales.
Dicaeum atrogasler Lesson, Traitf (TOrnilh. p. 30.3. 1830 : New South Wales.
Dicoeum perdalodus Lafresnaye, Mud. ''" Znnl. 1833. pi. 14 : New South Wales.

Flower-pecker or Mistletoe Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 722 (pars).

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South-West Australia.

(387 )

1110. Dicaeum hirundinaceum yorki snb.sp. n.

Northern Mistletoe Bird.
Mathews, HnmlUst No. 722 (pars).

Differs from />. h. hirundinaceum in having a short tail — 2'^ mm. : typical
birds, 32 mm.

Type : Cape York, Queensland, No. 2849.
Range : Queensland.

1111. Dicaeum hirundinaceum tormenti subsp. n.
Western Mistletoe Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 722 (pars).

Differs from D. h. hirundinaceum in having a more slender bill.
Type : Point Torment, North-AVest Australia, No. 8668.
Kange : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

Genus FAKDALOTUS.

Pardalotus Vieillot, Analyse nouv. Ornith. p. 31. 1816.

Type (by monotypy) : P. punctatiis (Shaw and Nodder).

1112. Pardalotus striatus striatus.

Pipra striata Gmelin, Si/st. Nnl. p. 1(J03. 178'J : Tasmania.
Synonym :

Pardalufux affinia Gould, St/nops, Birth Aii'itr. pt. ii. pi. 22, 18.37 : Tasmania.

Yellow-tipped Pardalote.
Mathews, Handlist No. 725 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

Note. — After the examination of long series of Pardalotes I have been com-
pelled to ignore the white edgings to the primaries and the coloration of the
tips of the coverts, as I consider them of no primary importance, as specimens
from localities adjacent gave different results. I could only conclude that we had
three species living in the same locality and differing only in the most minute
manner, and many subspecies of each one ; or by elimination conclude that one
species only existed, with eight suljspecies. I chose the latter alternative, and have
based my diagnoses upon general coloration aloue, leaving out of consideration
altogether the coloration of the tips of the coverts. I may here remark, how-
ever, that P. s. striatus seems to have constantly yellow tips to the coverts,
P. s. assimilis mainly orange, though throughout New South Wales, South
Australia, and Victoria this colour may be rarely found ; while in West Australia I
have not yet seen any other colour than red.

1113. Pardalotus striatus kingi subsp. n.
King Island Pardalote.

Differs from P. s. striatus in being uniform grey above.
Type : King Island, No. 2878.
Range : King Island.

( 388 )

1114. Pardalotus striatus assimilis.

Pardalotust atximilis Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. ii. p. I8U. 1877 : Port Denison, Queens-
land.

Orange-tipped Pardalote.
Mathews, Handlist No. 724 (pars).
Range : Queensland.

1115. Pardalotus striatus ornatus.

Purdahiliix o™a«u.« Temminck and Laugier, P/mi. C'llm: tl'Ois. vol. iv. OO'livr. pi. 3;i4. fig. 1. 18"il! :
Interior New South Wales.

Red-tipped Pardalote.

Mathews, Handlist No. 723 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

1116. Pardalotus striatus substriatus subsp. n.
Victorian Pardalote.
Mathews, Handlist No. 723 (pars).

Differs from P. s. ornatus iu its paler coloration above, especial!}' on the ramp.
Type : Victoria, No. 4526.
Range : Victoria.

1117. Pardalotus striatus subaffinis subsp. n.
South Australian Pardalote.
Mathews, Handlist No. 723 (pars).

Differs from P. s. ornatus in its darker grey on the back and paler rump,
forming a contrast, thns differing from P. s. substriatus.
Type : South Australia, No. 9032.
Range : Sonth Anstralia.

1118. Pardalotus striatus murchisoni subsp. n.
Murchison Pardalote.

The most pallid form, paler than P. s. rogersi, the flank coloration being very
pale and the yellow also very pale.

Type : West Australia (Murchison), No. 3969.
Range : Mid Westralia.

1119. Pardalotus striatus westraliensis subsp. n.

Westralian Pardalote.
Mathews, Haiullist No. 723 (pars).

Differs from P. s. ornatus in its darker coloration above, the back being browner
and the rump more buffy.

Type : West Australia, No. 2863.
Range : South- West Anstralia.

1120. Pardalotus striatus rogersi subsp. n.
Muugi Pardalote.

A pale form, differing from P. s. wcstralrnsis in the liead and back coloration
as also on the rump, and from P. s. substriatus in being still paler.

( 389 )

Type: North- West Australia (Mnngi), No. 9202.
Range : Interior North-West Australia.

1121. Pardalotus punctatus punctatus.

Pipra punctata Shaw and Nodder, Nat. Miscell. vol. iv. pi. HI. 1792 : New South Wales.

Spotted Pardalote (Diamond Bird).
Mathews, Handlist No. 726 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

1122. Pardalotus punctatus interjectus subsp. n.
Victorian Spotted Pardalote.
Mathews, Handlixt No. 726 (pars).

Diifers from P. p. punctatus in its much paler coloration above and below,
especially on the mantle, the head being distinctly marked off as a cap.
Type: Victoria, No. 9461.
Range : East Victoria.

1123. Pardalotus punctatus xanthopygus.

Pardalotus xanthojii/gus McCoy, Ann. Mar/. Nat. ITi.it. ser. iii. vol. xix. p. 184. 18G7 ; North- West
Yiotoria.

Synonym :
Pardalotus Uadbeatn-i Ramaay, Ibis 1867. p. 255 (nom. nud.) : North-West Victoria.

Yellow-rnmped Pardalote.

Mathews, Handlist No. 727.

Range : Victoria (North-West), South Australia.

1124. Pardalotus punctatus leachi subsp. n.
Tasmanian Pardalote.
Mathews, Handlist No. 726 (pars).

Differs from P. p. punctatus in being darker above and below.
Type : Tasmania, No. 4583.
Range : Tasmania.

1125. Pardalotus punctatus whitlocki subsp. n.

Western Red-rumped Pardalote.
Mathews, Handlist No. 726 (pars).

Differs from P. p. punctatus in being more buffy below and in having the rump
not so red.

Type : Wilson's Inlet, South- West Australia, No. 5474.
Range : South- West Australia.

1126. Pardalotus rubricatus rubricatus.

Pardalotus rubricatus Gould, Sijnnps. Birds Aii.ftr. pt. iv. pi. fi'J. 1838 : New South Wales.

Red-browed Pardalote.

Mathews, Handlist No. 728.

Range : New South Wales, Queensland,

( 390 )

1127. Pardalotus rubricatus parryi subsp. u.

Nortbern Red-broweJ Pardalotc.

Differs from P. r. pnllidus in being darker and baving a yellowisb wasb above.

Type: Nortb-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 2903.

Range : North-West Australia, Nortbern Territory.

1128. Pardalotus rubricatus pallidus.

Pardalolus pallidus Campbell, Emu vol. viii. p. 142. 1909 ; Marble Bar, West Australia.

Pale Red-browed Pardalote.
Range : West Australia.

1129. Pardalotus melanocephalus melanocephalus.

Piinkdutm iMlamcephalui Gould, Sunups. Biids AtiMi: pt. iv. pi. GJ. 18:iH : Moi'eton Bay, Queens-
land.

Black-headed Pardalote.
Matbews, Handlist No. 729.
Range : South Queensland, New South Wales.

1130. Pardalotus melanocephalus uropyg^ialis.

Pardalotus uropt/ijHilis Gould, Proc. Za„l. Sw. {Lond.) 183'.l. p. 14.S (1840) : North-West Coast
Australia (Derby).

Chestnnt-rnmped Pardalote.
Matbews, IlamUist No. 730 (pars).
Range : Nortb-West Australia.

1131. Pardalotus melanocephalus inexpectatus subsp. n.

Nortbern Chestnut-rnmped Pardalote.

Matbews, UaruWiHt No. 730 fpars).

Differs from P. m. uropi/gialis in l)eing darker above.

Type : Parry's Greek, North-West Australia, No. 2929.

Range: Nortb-West Australia, Northern Territorv.

1132. Pardalotus quadragintus.

Pardalotus qua/lragintus Gould, Syunps. Birds Auslr. pt. iv. pi. (J'J. 1838 ; Ta.sniania

Forty-spotted Pardalote.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 731.
Range : Tasmania.

Genus CINNTRIS.

Cinnijris Cuvier, livijnp Animal, vol. i. p. 411. 181G.

Type (by subs, desig.): C. splendida Cuvier.

1133. Cinnyris frenata australis.

Nfrtarinia australis Gould, Pror. Zonl. Son {Lnnd.) 18,W. p. 201 (1851): C'iipe York, Queensland.

Cape York Sun Bird.

Matbews, Handlist No. 732 (pars).

Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

( 391 )

1134. Cinnyris frenata olivei snbsp. n.

Cairns Siui Bird.

Mathews, Jlandlist No. 732 fpars).

Ditfers from C.f. australis in having- a longer bill and the lower breast and
abdomen deep orange-3"ellow.

Type: North Queensland (Cairns), No. 2931.
Range : North Queensland (Cairns).

Genus MELITHREFTUS.

Melith replay Vieillot, Aitali/vc nuuv. Ornith, p. 46. 1816.

Type (by monotypy) : M. lunatus (Shaw).

1135. Melithreptus lunatus lunatus.

Certhia lumita Shaw, ia Oisciiix Dure'!, vol. ii. p. 122. pi. 61. 1802 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Melithreplux aihiaijiilhin Vieillot, Nouv. Dirt. d'Wxt. iVnt. vol. xiv. p. 329. 1817 : New South Wales.

Mrlitlnrjifii'i iilh/fnJlis id., Jb. p. .S2.5 ; New South Wales.

.\fellipliaria lorquiihi Swainson, Zool. Illus. 1st ser. pi. 129. 1822 : New .South Wale.s.

Melqiliaga alriaijiiUa Temminck and Laugier, Plan. Color. iVOia. 56" livr. vol. iii. pi. .3.S.5. fig. 1. 1825 :

New South Wales.
? MelithreplHS brevirepx De Vis, Pror. Roy. Sor.. Queensl. vol. i. p. 159. 1884 (nom. nud.): New South

Wales.

White-naped Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 733 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

1136. Melithreptus lunatus adelaidensis snbsp. n.

Southern White-naped Honey Eater.
Mathews, HaiHllist No. 733 (pars).
Differs from M. I. lunatus in being lighter above.
Type : Adelaide, South Australia, No. 2938.
Range : South Australia.

1137. Melithreptus lunatus whitlocki.

.Velillirejiliix irlililorkl Mathews, Unll. Brll. Orii. Club, vol. xxv. p. 24, UI09 : Wilson's Inlet, West
Australia.

White-eyed Honey Eater.
Range: South- West Australia.

1138. Melithreptus lunatus chloropsis.

ilelitlireptiis rhloropsin Gould, Pror. Zool. Sor. {Lnml.) 1847. p. 221) (1848): Western Australia,
Swan River.

Western White-naped Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 73(5.
Range : West Australia.

( 392 )
1130. Melithreptus lunatus vinitinctus.

Mellthreptim vinilim-lux De Vis, Pro/: Roy. Soc. Queeiml. vol. i. p. 15'J. 1884 : Norman River,
Queensland.

Gay Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 735.

Range : Qneeusland (Gulf of Carpentaria).

1140. Melithreptus lunatus albogularis.

Melithrepliis allwiinlarix fiould, l^ioc. Zoul. tioc. (Luml.) 1847. p. 2M (184S) ; North Queensland.

White-throated Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 734 (pars).
Range: North Queensland.

1141. Melithreptus lunatus subalbogTilaris subsp. n.

Allied White-naped Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 734 (pars).

Differs from M. I. albogularis in its smaller size and paler coloration.

Type: North-West Australia (Derby), No. 8478.

Range : North-West Australia.

1142. Melithreptus gularis gularis.

Haematops gularis Gould, Si/nops. Birds Aiistr. pt. i. pi. 17. 1837 ; Interior New South Wales.

Black-chinned Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 737 (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

1143. Melithreptus gularis loftyi subsp. n.

Southern Black-chinned Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 737 (pars).

Differs from M. g. gularis in its paler coloration above, although as dark on the
under-snrface.

Type : South Australia, No. 93U2.
Range : South Australia.

1144. Melithreptus gularis laetior.

Melithreptes Uuitior Gould, Ann. May. Xat. Hist. ser. iv. vol. xvi. p. 287. 1875 : Northern Territory.

Golden-backed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 738.
Range : Northern Territory.

1145. Melithreptus gularis coongani subsji. n.

Northern Black-chinned Honey Eater.

Differs from M. g. laetior in its more pallid coloration, pale yellowish green
above, especially noticeable (ui the mantle, and is also whiter on the under-snrface.
Type : North-West Australia (Coongan River), No. 2089.
Range : North-West Australia.

( 393 )

IHfi. Melithreptus gpularis ingrami snbsp. n.

Queensland Golden-liacked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 738 (pars).

Differs from M. y. laetior in having more green on the upper-surface, and in
being darker below.

Type : Inkerman, Queensland, No. 8982.
Range : Mid Queensland.

1147. Melithreptus gularis carpentarianus.

Melithrrptiis cii rpi'nlnriniia Campbell, Emn vol. iv p. 71. l'JU4 : Gulf of Carpentaria, North
Queensland.

Allied Golden-backed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 739.
Range : North Queensland.

1148. Melithreptus gularis validirostris.

Haematopx validinistrix Gould, iSi/iiuji>'. Birch Aiistr. pt. i. 1837 : Tasmania.

Synonyms :
Stumus virescem (not Vieillot) Wagler, Sy-it. Av. Stumus sp. 5. 1827 : Tasmania.
Etdopmrus bichictiis Swainson, Class!/. Birdx, vol. ii. p. 327. 1837 : Tasmania; and Anim. in Meiutg.
p. 344. 1837 : Tasmania.

Strong-billed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 740.
Range : Tasmania.

1149. Melithreptus atricapillus atricapillus.

Ciirthla atricap'dla Latham, liulej- Oniilh.. Snppl. p. xx.vvii. 1801 : New South Wales.
Synonym :

Meliphaga hreriroslrU Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Snr. (Lnnd.) vol. xv. p. 315. 1826 : New
South Wales.

Brown-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 741 (pars).
Range : New Sonth AVales.

1150. Melithreptus atricapillus submagnirostris snbsp. n.
Victorian Brown-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No 741 (pars).

Diifers from J/, a. atrieupillus in its stouter bill and greener coloration, but
the bill is not so strong as in M. a. magnirostris.
Type : Victoria, No. 9463.
Range ; Victoria.

ll.jKA. Melithreptus atricapillus augustus snbsp. n.
Port Augusta Brown-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 741 (pars).

Differs from M. a. atricapillus in having a distinct white throat, ligiiter back,
and smaller size.

Type: Port Augusta, South Australia, No. 10,000.
Range : South Australia, (Port Angnsta).

( 394 )

llol. Melithreptus atricapillus pallidiceps siibsji. u.

Pale-headed Honey Eater.

Differs from if. a. atricapillus iu its paler coloration, especially the head and
under-surface, the rnmp and back being bright green ; also iu its slender bill,
dilfering tims from if. a. submagniroiitris.

Type : South Australia (90-Mile Desert), No. !Sil04.

Range : South Australia, Interior.

1152. Melithreptus atricapillus magnirostris.

Melithreptus magnirostris North, Rec. Aiistr. Mux. vol. vi. p. 20. l'J05 : Kangaroo Islaod.
Large-billed Brown-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 742 (pars).
Range : Kangaroo Island.

11.53. Melithreptus atricapillus insularis subsp. n.

King Island Brown-headed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 742 (pars).

Differs from M. a. magnirostris in its shorter bill, though as stout ; and darker
coloration of the nnder-snrface ; and from .1/. '(. sitl/mac/nirostris in its less green
coloration, especially on the upper tail-cuverts.

Type : King Island, No. 3000.

Range : King Island.

llo4. Melithreptus atricapillus leucogeuys.

Melithreptus leucogenys Milligan, Emti vol. ii. p. li>I. I'JO'S ; Stirling Ranges, West Australia.

Western Brown-headed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 743.

Range : West Australia (Stirling Ranges).

l\f)b. Melithreptus atricapillus subleucogenys subsp. n.

Dundas Brown-headed Honey Eater.

Differs from M. a. leucogenijs in its darker coloration above and below.

Type : Lake Dundas, West Australia, No. 5325.

Range : West Australia (Lake Dundas).

1150. Melithreptus affinis affinis.

EUlopsarus affinis Lesson, Revue Zunl. 183i». p. 107 ; Tasmania.

Synonym :
Melithreptus melanocephala Gould, Proc. Z<iol. Soc. (Land.) 1845. p. G2 ; Tasmania.

Black-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 744 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

1157. Melithreptus affinis alisteri.

Melithreptus alisteri Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. x.w. p. 86. I'.tO'J : King Island.
King Island Black-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, flaudlist No. 744 (pars).
Range : King Island.

( 395 )

Genus PLECTORHYNCHA.

Pln-lurh ipiclia GouW. Si/nojis: Blrdu Austr. pt. iv, pi. 70. 1838.

Tyjie (Ijy iiiouotypy ) : P. la nceolata Goukl.

1158. Plectorhyncha lanceolata lanceolata.

Plectorhi/iicha lanceolata Gould, Si/nnjjs. Binln Auslr. pt. iv. pi, 70. IHIW ; New South Wales.

Striped Houey Eater.

Matbews, Handlist No. 745 (pars).

Range: Queenslaiul, New South Wales, Victoria.

1159. Plectorhyncha lanceolata neglecta snlisp. n.

Southeru Striped Honey Eater.
Mathews, IlaiiiHiM No. 745 (pars).

Differs from /'. /. lanci'olata in its hirger liill, and in being blackish brown
above.

Type: Adelaide, South Australia, No. 3U15.
Range : South Australia.

Genus raYZOmELA.

Myziimda Vigors and Horsfield, Frans. Linn. Sol; {LoikI.) vol. xv. p. 31G. 1826.
Type (by orig. desig.) : M. cardhialis (Gmelin).

11 OH. Myzomela sanguineolenta sanguineolenta.

Certhia sanfjuineulenta Litliam, Imhx Oni/tli S„ppl. p. .\x.\vil. 18U1 : New South Wiiles.

Synonyms :

Certhia (Jihaiiha Latham, Iiulex OrnJtli. Siqipl. p. xxxvii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Cert/iia eri/thi-opi/r/ia Latham, Jnde.c Oniilh. SniipL p. xxxviii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Certhia aiistmlasiae Leach, Zool. .^fisrell. vol. i. p. .30. 181-1 : New South Wales.

Meliphurja mnguinea Stephens, ia Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 263. 1820 : New South Wales.

Sanguineous Honey Eater.

Blathews, [LiikIUsI No. 746 (pars).

Range : Smith Queensland, New South ^Vales, Victoria.

1101. Myzomela sanguineoleuta Stephens! sul)sp. n.

Northern Sanguineous Houey Eater.
Jlatliews, Handlist No. 746 (pars).

Differs from .1/. s. miiguineokiita in the red on the uuder-surt'ace extending
down ou to the abdomen.

Type: Nortli Queensland (Oooktown), No. 5912.
Range: North (Queensland.

110-,'. Myzomela erythrocephala erythrocephala.

.]hj-Mmela erijthrorephata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.) 18:59. p. U4 (1810) ; Port Essington,
North- West Coast Australia.

Red-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 747 (jiars),
Range : Northern Territory.

( 30f; )

llo;>. Myzomela erythrocephala kempi subsji. n.

(^neeusland Rpd-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 747 (pars).

Dift'ers from .1/. e. enjthroi'ephnhi in its jialcr coloratiun, though darker than
.1/. I . i/i-rli;//. and in its shorter bill.

Tvjie : North Queensland (Cape Yurie), No. :3"~':,'.
Katige: North Queensliuid.

Ilii4. Myzomela erythrocephala derbyi suli.sji. n.

Allied Ked-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, llamllist No. 747 (pars).

Ditt'ers from ^1/. e. cri/throcephala iu its jialei' coloration aliovo and below, and
in that the pectoral baud is only indistinctly indicated.
Type : North- West Australia (L)erby), No. 82fJ8.
Range : North-\Vest Australia.

1105. Myzomela nigra nigra.

M;/zoiiiclii niijni Gould. Birds Aiixlr. iiml Ailj. /slamix, pt. ii. pi. 8. 1838: loterior New South
Wales.

Black Honey Eater.

M&ihews, Baxdlist No. 748 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

1106. Myzomela nigra westraliensis subsp. n.

Western Black Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilnndlist No. 748 (pars).

Differs from ^1/. n. niqra in its smaller size (wing US mm,), and darker coloration,
especially noticeable on the primaries.
Type: West Australia, No. 53^1.
Range : West Australia.

11G7. Myzomela pectoralis pectoralis.

Mijtomda itf:lural\si\o\x\i, Pruc. Zuol. Sue. {Lund.) 1840. p. 170 (1841) ; North- West Australia.

Banded Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 749 (pars).

Range: North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

1108. Myzomela pectoralis incerta subsp. n.

Queensland Banded Honey Eater.
Mathews, Unmllist No. 749 (pars).

Differs from M. p. pectoralis in its smaller size: wing 0;i mm., typical winj,'
60-74 mm.

Type : Cape York, Queensland, No. 3027.
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

(397 )
1160. Myzomela obscura obscura.

ityznniela obscura Gould, /Vor. Zonl. Soc. {Land.) 184"2. p. 136 (1843) ; Port Essiiigtoii, Xorthern
Territory.

Synonym :

Myzomela obxriira ffrinrxirnx H,irtert, .Vor. Ziml. vol. xii. p. iX>. lilOo : Northern Territory.

Dusky Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilandlist No. 750.
Range : Northern Territory.

11 To. Myzomela obscura harterti.

Mij-oiitela obscura harterti Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Clnh, vol. xxvii. p. 100. 1011 : Cairns. North
Queensland.

Dark Honey Eater.

Mathews, Hainllist No. 751 (pars).

Range : North Queensland (Cairns),

1171. Myzomela obscura munna snbsp. u.

Cape York Dusky Honey Eater.

Mathews, [{ritidlist No. 751 (pars).

Diifers from M. o. harterti in its paler coloration above and below.

Type: North Queensland (Cape York), No. 3040.

Range : Nortli Queensland (( 'ape York).

Genus ACANTHOKHYITCHUS.

Acaiit/oirlii/iicliiis Gould, Si/unps. Birils .4 u.</;-. pt. ii. pi. 27. 1837.

Type (by subs, desig.) : A. teiiuiroitris (Latham).

117J. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris tenuirostris.

Certhia tenuirostris Latham, Index Oriiith. Suppl. p. xxxvi. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Certhia nicuUata Shaw, Oiseaux Dores vol. ii. pi. 60. 1802 : New South Wales.
Leploijlossiis cucuHalHs Swainson, Classif. Birds vol. ii. p. 327. 1837 : New South Wales.

Spinebill.

Mathews, Handlist No. 752 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

1173. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris cairnsensis subsp. n.

Cairns Spinebill.

Mathews, Flandlist No. 751.2 (pars).

Differs from .4. t. tenuirostris in its paler under-surfaco, the throat markings
being very obscure and the abdomen markings [)aler.
Type : North Queensland (Cairns), No. 8975.
Range : North Queensland.

( 30« )

11T4. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris victoriae snbsp. n.

Victorian Sitinebill.

Jliitliews, HuihIUM No. 752 (pars).

Difters from .1. t. ti'nttiroHtriit in its durkor cdlonitinn almvo and below.

Type : Victoria, No. DOoS.

Rangi; : Victoria.

11T4a. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris loftyi Mibsp. n.

Mountain Thornbill.
Mathews, HamUist No. 752 (pars).

Differs from .1. t. tfrndrostris in its smaller size, and in having the head and
inider-snrface lighter coloured.

Tv]ie : Mount Lofty, South Australia, No. 'Jbau.
Range : Soutli Australia.

11 7. J. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris halmaturinus.

Aninthin-lniiii-Iiux hihiiiiliiiiiiii Campbell, ICiim vol. v. p. I4'J. I'.MK'i : Kangaroo Island.

Kangaroo Island Spinebill.
Mathews, I[a/ii/li.sf No. 7;")3.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

IITU. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris dubius.

Actiiith'irhi/ncliiis (/iiliins Goulil, Siimijix. Binls. Ausli: pt. ii. pi. 27. 1837 : Tasmania.

Tasmanian 8pinebill.
Mathews, HamUist No. 766.
Range : Tasmania.

1177. Acanthorhynchus superciliosus superciliosus.

Acunthorhywhiis .iiipercili'isiix GoulJ, Si/unjis. Birds Auxir. pt. ii. pi. "J7. 1837 : West Australia
(Perth).

White-browed Spiuebill.
Mathews, Handlist No. 764 (pars).
Range : West Australia.

1178. Acanthorhynchus superciliosus wilsoni subsp. n.

Southern White-browed Spinebill.
Mathews, HancUist No. 754 (pars).

Difters from .1. i<. superciliosus in being much darker on the abdomen and
flanks.

Type : Wilson's Inlet, South-West Australia, N..>. 4834.
Range : South- West Australia.

Genus GLICIFHILA

Gliciphila Swainson, Clastif. Biida vol. ii. p. 32ii. 1837.
Type (by mouotypy) : G. unlaitops (Latham).

( 399 )
11 TO. Gliciphila melanops melanops.

Certhia riielannjK^ Latham, Iinhj- llniilh. Su/ijii. p. xxxvi. 1801 ; New South Walw.

Synonyms :

Certhia meUiconi Shaw, Gen. Zonh vol. viii. pt. i. p. 245. 1812 : New South Wales.

Certhia fulv'if mils Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Lnnd.) vol. xv. p. .SI 7. I82("i ; New South

Wales.
Meliphaga aUiirentris Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zonl. vol. xiv. p. 2G1. 1821') : New South Wales.
Philednn nibrifrons Lesson, I'oy. Cdiiuilfe Zool. vol. i. p. 040. 1830 : New South W.iles.

Tiiwny-crowned Honey Eater.
Mathews, IhiniHiM No. 75fi (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

1180. Gliciphila melanops chandleri snlisji. n.

Victorian Tawny-crowneil Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 750 (pars).

Differs from G. m. melnnripx \\\ its paler coloration, es])i>i-iallv notieealilc on the
mantle and abdomen.

Type : Victoria, No. 9464.
Range : Victoria, Sontli Anstralia.

1181. Gliciphila melanops crassirostris snlisji. n.

Tasmanian Tiiwny-erowned Honey Eater.

Mathews, IldwIUst No. ToO (i)ars).

Differs from G. m. nielanops in its mnch lon<i:er liill.

Type : Tasmania, No. Osf,'.

Range : Tasmania.

1182. Gliciphila melanops westernensis snlisp. n.

Western Tawny-crowned Honey Eati'r.

Mathews, IlaiidVist No. T.'iO (pars).

Differs from G. m. meliutOjin in its mnch paler crown, and smaller size.

Type : Sonth-West Anstralia., No. 4829.

Range : West .\nstralia.

ll"<'l. Gliciphila albifrons albifi'ons.

Gliirliihihi aUjifrnns Gould, Prm: Zunl. Snr. (f.nnil.) 18+0. p. li;0 (1841) : Western .\nstralia.

White-fronted Honey Eater.
Mathews, IIhdiIUsI No. 7.")7 (pars*.
Range : West Anstralia.

1184. Gliciphila albifrons incerta snlisp. n.

Victorian White-fronted Honey Eater.

Mathews, Hundlisl No. 7.57 (pars).

Differs from G. a. albifrons in its darker throat, and larger size.

Type : Carina, Victoria, No. 3088.

Range : New Sontli Wales, Victoria, Sonth Australia.

( 400 )
ll»ri. Gliciphila fasciata fasciata.

GUjciphila fimciata Gould, Proc. Ziiol. Soc. (Lotitl.) 184-2.. p. 137 (1843) : Tort Essingtou, Nortliorn

Territory.
Sj'nouyin :
Gliciphila peclornlis Gray, HtiwU. Om. Sp. liinlx Biil. Mux. vol. i. p. 155. 18i;!) (proposed for

G. fasciata Gould, preoccupied).

White-breasted Hone.v Eater.

Mathews, Haii(Uist No. To8 (pars).

Range: Xortlieni Territory, Xovth-West Aiisiniliii.

USfi. Gliciphila fasciata inkermani snlisp. n.

Eastern White-broasted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 758 (pars).

Differs from G. f. fasciaUt in its lighter npper-snrfiu'e and less barrini; on the
breast.

Type: Qneeuslaud (Inkerman), No. 3092.
Range : Queensland.

1187. Gliciphila modesta subfasciata.

Gliciphila siiibf(C!>ciat<( Ramsay, Prne. Zonl, Soc. {Lnml.j 18ri8. p. 385 : Cape York, Queensland.

Brown-backed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 7.")9 (pars).
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

JS^ote. — I have examined a bird sent by Ramsay at the time he described
this species, and which can be regarded as a paratype, if not the actual type.
This bird agrees absolutely with specimens collected at (Jape York, and disagrees
with specimens collected at Cairns. As Ramsay was receiving collections from
Cape York at the time he described his bird, I can only conclude that his specimens
were erroneously localised, and came from Cape York and not from Rockingham
Bay as stated.

1188. Gliciphila modesta ramsayi snbsp. n.

Cairns Brown-backed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 759 (pars).

Differs from G. m. subfasciata in its much larger size (wing 71 mm.), ilarker
coloration above, and the breast markings more pronounced.
Type : North Queensland (Cairns), No. 4566.
Range : North Queensland (Cairns).

Genus CEKTHIONTX.

Certhionijx Lesson, Traite iTOrnitli. p. 30G. 1830.

Type (by monoty[)y) : C. variegatus Lesson.

118U. Certhionyx pictus.

Entnmnphiln picia Gould, S.i/nnpx. Binh Aiixir. pt. iv. pi. 71. 1838 : Interior New South Wale.s.

Painted Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 760.

Range : New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

( 401 )
110(1. Certhionyx whitei.

Lnmsfi'u/ca xvhitt'i North, Vii'l. Natural't^t vol, xxvi. p. 138. lyiO ; Lake Way. East Murchison,
West Australia.

Synonym :
Lacusti-oira hiraiiAplriui North, ih.

Inconspicnoiis Honey Eater.
Range : Mid Westralia.

ll'.n. Certhionyx albogiilaris.

Entimuphila '! nlhoijiilarlx Gould, Prni: Ziml .So,-. (Lnml.) 1842. p. 137 (1843): Port Essingtnn,
Northern Territory.

Rnfous-breasted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Utnidliat No. Tfil.
Range : Northern Territory.

1192. Certhionyx rufogularis rufogularis.

Entcjmnphila ? rufogularis Gould, Prne. Znfl. Soi: {I.oml.) 1842. p. 137 (1843) ; North Coast Australia.

Red-throated Honey Eater.

Mathews, Jliindlist No. T62 (pars).

Range : North-West Anstralia, Nortliorn Territory.

1193. Certhionyx rufogularis queenslandicus snlis[i. n.
(^hieenslaiul Red-throated Honey Eater.
Mathews, HdmlUiit No. 702 (pars).

Differs from C. r. riifociularis in its smaller size, darker coloration on the
throat and browner coloration above.

Type : Queensland (Inkerman), No. ;')lM(i.
Range : Qneensland.

ll'.)4. Certhionyx variegatus.

Cf rlhioni/;i: riiriefjaliis Jjeaaon, Tniiti- iVOrnilh. p. liflli. 18.30: West Australia.

Synonyms :

Certhia hui-omelas Lesson, Traite il'Orull/i. p. 30(j. 1S.30 : West .\nstralia.
Melicaphild jiiriild Gotild, Birds Aiistr. vol. iv. pi. 4;i. 1844 : West Anstralia.
('erihiomix ocridoitalis Grant. Ibis 1008. p. fi.'iO : West Australia.

Pied Honey Eater

Mathews, Hamllist No. 70:1.
Range : West Anstralia.

Genus KELIFHAGA.

Meli/ilimiK Heosley, in Lowin's liircis \nr Ifnl/aiul p\. 3. 1808,
Typo (l)y raonotypy) : M. jj/in/(/i(i (Shaw).

11 Si."). Meliphaga phrygia phrygia.

Mernps ;jhri/g{iis Sh.aw, ^«o/. AVio HoUanil p. 1.'!. pi. iv 17'.I4 : New .''onth Wales.

Regent Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 764 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

( 4)12 )

ll'Hi. Meliphaga phrygia tregellasi siilisp. n
Sontliprii Uejjeut Honi'v Eater.
MatliiMvs, Handlist No. 7(i4 (piu's).
Differs from M. p. phrygia in l)('iiig iiuicli liliicicer aliuvi'.
Type : Victoria, No. a812.
Hiuige : Vii-toriii, Scmrli Australia.

Gauus STIGMATOFS

Stigiiiudip.'i Gould, Ihindh. Birih .\u>.ti: vol. i. p. jDU. LSG-j.

Type (by inonotypy) : S. indistincta (Vigors and Ilor-sfield).
11 97. Stigmatops indistincta indistincta.

MeViphagii hidintiiwta Vigors and Horsfield, Trails. Lhin. .Sm. (A(j«r/.) vol. xv. p. 31.'). IX'Jii : King
George's Sound, West Australia.

Least Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 765 (pars).

Range: South Westralia.

jVo^g.— Gould described two species of i!l>/cijdiila 'i in the Synopis. Birds Anstr.
lit. iv. Ajip. G. 1838 as follows :

G. ? ocularis : Van Diemen's Land.

G. ? suhocularis : New South Wales.

Later he stated that G. ocularis came fi'om Now South AVales, and G. sxbocalaris
he attempted to apply to a bird he had received from the North-West Coast. Most
writers have indicated their belief that subocularis was based upon a young specimen
of ocularis, while as many recognised that the North- West bird was separable.
The accumulation of large series of this bird proves that many races can be
differentiated, and also that G. subocularis was founded on a young bird, and that
in view of the indeterminate locality it is better suppressed as a synonym of
G. ocularis. Moreover, the oldest name for the species is Mcli plmija indistincta
Vigors and HursHeld, as pointed out in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mns. vol. ix. p. 213.
1884, but not utilised.

ll'JcS. Stigmatops indistincta ocularis.

Uhjiipliita } ocularis Gould, Si/iiaps. Bir(U AkkIi: pt. iv. .App. p. 0. 183S : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Glyciphila ? siibutulariH Gould, Si/iuijis. Bints Aiish. pt. iv. App. p. Ij. 1838 : New South Wales.

Eastern Least Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No, 765 (pars).

Hange : CJueensland, New South Wales, Victoria.

1199. Stigmatops indistincta rufescens siiLsji. n.

Northern Least Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 765 (pars).

A rnfons brown phase, quite distinct from any other: the colouring tliroughout
being sandy or rufous where in tlie type it is brownish or olive or some shade of
those colours.

Type: Northern Territory (Crawford Springs), No. 5344.

Range : Northern Territory.

( 403 )

l",'iHi. Stigmatops indistincta media sulisj). n.

Western Least Honey Eater.
Mathews, llandUst No. 765 (|)ars).

Darker than S. i. perplexa bnt paler than .S. i. indistincta, and having the
throat iiuiforml}- coloured with the breast, bnt, the belly very light.
Tyjie : Parry's Creek, North-West Australia, No. 3133.
Range: North-West Australia (Wyndham).

1201. Stigmatops indistincta perplexa subsp. n.

Allied Least Honey Eater.
Mathews, HaiulUst No. 765 (pars).

Differs from -S'. i. indistincta in its paler coloration above and below, especially
on the throat and abdomen.

Type: Marble Bar, North-West Australia, No. 3123.
Range : North-^Vest Australia (Coongan River to Derby).

Note. — Stigmatops albo-auricularis Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. vol. iii.
]i. 75. 1878, South-East Coast of New Guinea, was inclueled in my Handlist No. 766.
I u(jw omit it, as I can trace no authentic occurrence of this species in Australia.

Genus FTILOTIS.

Plllnlis Swainson, Classif. BU-d^ vol. ii. p 3:ill. 1837.

Type (by monotypy) : /'. lewinii .Swainson.

1202. Ptilotis analoga notata.

riJhitis noiald, Gould, Ann. .Ma;/. Nat. Hist. ser. iii. vol. x.v. p. 2(i'.l. 1^!67 : Cape York, Queensland.

Yellow-spotted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 767 (pars).
Range : North Queensland.

1203. Ptilotis analoga mixta subsp. n.
Cairns Yellow-spotted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 767 (pars).

Differs from P. a. notata in being darker above and below, especially noticeable
on the vent.

Type: North Queensland (Johnston River), No. 4247.
Range : North Queensland.

1204. Ptilotis gracilis gracilis.

Ptiliitix f/mrilis (rould, Proc. Znnl. Soc. (Loml.) IKGli. p. 217 : Cape York, Queensland.

Little Yellow-spotted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 76,s (pars).
Range : North Queensland.

1205. Ptilotis gracilis imitatrix subsp. n.

Cairns Little Yellow-spotted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 768 (pars).

(404 )

Differs from P. q. gracilis in its iiinch darker green coloration above and ranili
greener under-snrface, especially on the flanks, and also in its larger size : wing
75-77 mm. ; type (P. y. ynicHi.i) To mm.

Type: North Queensland (Cairns), Xo. 3157.

Range : North Qneensland (Cairu.s).

. 1206. Ptilotis fusca fusca.

MebjilHujo f(is,(i Gould, Sumps. Birds Aiixlr. pt. ii. pi. I'll. IM.'iT : Xew South Wales.

B'nscous Honey Eater.

Mathews, Hanr/li.it No. 769 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales.

1207. Ptilotis fusca dawsoni snbsp. n.

Northern Fnscoiis Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 769 (pars).

Differs from P. f. fusca in its smaller size: wing 72 mm.

Type: Dawson River, Qneensland, No. 4728.

Range : Qaeensland.

1208. Ptilotis fusca dingi snbsp. n.

Sonthern Fnscons Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 709 (pars).

Differs from P. f. fusca in its much paler coloration above and below.

Type : Sonth Australia, No. S9o('t.

Range: South Australia, Victoria.

1209. Ptilotis lewinii lewinii.

Melijih,i(i<, (Plilntis) Inoinii Swainson, Ctiixs;/. Binis \-,il. ii. p. lll'i'.. ls:i7 ; New South Wales.

Yellow-eared Honey Eater.
Mathews, llai/dlist No. 770 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

j^ote. — From examination of the Watling drawings Sharpe couchided that
Latham's chn/sotis was ajtplicable to this species. Upon re-e.^amination I found
that two drawings bore the same name, but the description of chrysotis was founded
on one figure only (see p. 410 n. 1247), and this drawing was not of tiiis bird.

1210. Ptilotis lewinii nea snbsp. n.

Victorian Yellow-eared Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 770 (pars).

Differs from P. I. lorinii in its darker olive coloration.

Range : Victoria.

1211. Ptilotis lewinii mab snbsp. n.

Qneensland Yellow-eared Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 770 (pars).

Differs from /'. /. li'irinii in its distinctly light greyish upper coloration.

Type: Queensland, No. 3170.

Range : Qneensland (Inkerman).

( 405 )

121ti. Ptilotis lewinii ivi subsp. n.
Northern Vellow-eared Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 7T0 (parsi.

Differs from P. I. nuih in its smaller size (wing 90 mm.) and darker grey
coloration.

Type: Barrou River, Qneensland, No. 5041.
Range : Queensland.

1213. Ptilotis macleayana.

Pliltitin luneleotimia Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Snr. \.S. l\'. vi>l. i. |). 10. 187.'i : North-East Coast Australia.

Synonym :
Ptilotis Jlavostriata Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. {Lotni.) 187o. p, .'il5 ; Rockingham Bay, Queensland.

Yellow-streaked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Hainllint No. 771.
Range: North Queensland.

1214. Ptilotis sonora sonora.

Ptilotis soiiorus Gould, Proc. Ziiol. Hoc. {Land.) 1840. p. lliO (1841) : South Australia.

Synonym :
Meliphaga rillata Bonaparte, Comjites Remlus Si-i.(P,ii-is) vol. -fxxviii. p. 203. 1854 : South Australia.

Sonthern Singing Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 772 (pars).
Range : South Australia.

1215. Ptilotis sonora walgetti subsp. n.
Singing Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 772 (pars).

Differs from P. s. sonora in its greyer coloration, slightly shorter bill, and
shorter wing (92 ram.).

Type : New South Wales, No. 3200.
Range : New South Wales.

1216. Ptilotis sonora broomei sulisp. n.
Broome Singing Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 772 (pars).

Approaches P. s. sonora, but is slightly paler above and darker below.

Type: South- West Australia, No. 3201.

Range: West Australia (Broome Hill).

1210a. Ptilotis sonora insularis.

PtilotiK insularis Milligan, Emu vol. xi. p. 124. 1911 : Rottnest Island, West Australia.

Rottnest Honey Eater.

Range : Rottnest Island, West Australia.

1217. Ptilotis sonora murchisoni subsji. n.
Western Singing Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 772 (pars).

( 406 )

A pallid Corm closely resembling P. g. Jorresti, but easily separable liy its
smalliT size and jjaler coloration.

Type: West Australia (East Mnrehison), No. 31 ill.
Range : Mid Westralia.

1218. Ptilotis sonora rogersi subsp. n.

North-Western Singing Honey Eater

Matliews, lldndlisit No. 772 (pars).

Differs from P. h. inurfliiso)u in its browner coloration above.

Type: Nortb-West Australia (Wyndham), No. :M8(i.

Range: North- West Australia (Wyndham).

121'.t. Ptilotis sonora decipiens subsp. n.

Allied Singing Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 772 (jiars).

Differs from P. s. rogersi and all other subspecies in its liglit grey back.

Type: North-West Australia (Mungi), No. !)2n9.

Range: Interior of North-West Australia.

1220. Ptilotis sonora forresti.

Pliliiiix forrexd Ingram. Ibis 1907. p. 41i : Alex.indr.i, Xortliern Territory.

Pale Singing Honey Eater.

Mathews, Ilnndlisf No. 773.

Range : Northern Territory (Alexandra).

1221. Ptilotis versicolor versicolor.

Plilnfis ri-rsk-ohir Gould, Pror. Zool. 8oc. (Loiiil.) 1.S4L'. p. l.^li (184.^.) : Nortli Ciiiist Australia.

Varied Honey Eater.

Mathews, IhnulUst No. 774.

Range: Queensland, Northern Territory.

1222. Ptilotis chrysops chrysops.

tit/lvia rhri/snpx Latham, liidix Oniil/i, Suppl. p liv. IsOl : New Soiitli Wales.
Synonym :

MelUhreiitiis gUvkiiinUus Vieillot, Xmir. Dirt, il'llist. Nul. vol. .xiv. p. 329. 1SI7 : New South Walep.

Yellow-faced Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. "75 (pars).
Range: New South Wales.

1223. Ptilotis chrysops barroni subsp. n.

Northern Yellow-faced Honey Eater.
Mathews, Hnndlitit No. 77o (pars).

Dififers from P. clin/xnps in its paler coloration above and below, and with the
green edgings to the primaries indistinct and dull.
Type : North Queensland (Cairns), No. 8985.
Range : North Queensland.

(407 )

1224. Ptilotis chrysops beaconsfieldi ^ubsji. n.

Southern Yellow-faced Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 77o (pars).

Uiflfers from P. c. chri/sops in its greyish coloration, but darker than I'. <:. Ijurroiu
and ]ialer underneath.

Type: Victoria, No. 1(2 13.
Range ; Victoria.

1220. Ptilotis flavicoUis flavicollis.

Melilh reptux J/avimlliii Vieillot, A'aav. Dirt. iVlIisl. Nut. vol. .xiv. p. ?jiU. 1817 : King Island.

Yellow-throated Honey Eater.
Mathews, HniidUst No. 776 (pars).
Range : King Island.

1226. Ptilotis flavicollis flavigula.

Pliluth flavigula Gould, Si/nops. Biiih Analr. pt. iv. pi. 7'2. 183S : Tasmania.

Tasmaniau Yellow-throated Honey Eater.
Mathews, IlandUsl No. 776 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

1227. Ptilotis fasciogularis fasciogularis.

PtiUjt'ts fasciogularis Gould, Proc. Zoo!. Sor, ( Luml.) l.S.'iI. p. 28.") : Moreton Bay, Queensland.

Fasciated Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 777 (i)ars).
Range : South Queensland.

122S. Ptilotis fasciogularis brunnescens subsji. n.
Northern Fasciated Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 777 (pars).

Darljer than P . f. fasciogularis, especially on the under-surface, and the ujiper-
surface more brownish.

Type: North Queensland, No. 7772.
Range : North Queensland.

1229. Ptilotis leucotis leucotis.

Tiinhis leucotis Latham. Iiulix Oi/iith. Siqi/il. p. .\Uv. 181)1 ; Xew South Wales.

White-eared Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 778 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

1230. Ptilotis leucotis depauperata subsp. n.

Little White-eared Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 778 (pars).

Differs from P. I. leucotis in its smaller size (wing 82 mm.), and lighter colour
below.

Type : Coonalpnn, South Australia, No. 8943.
Range : Victoria, South Australia,

( 408 )
1231. Ptilotis leucotis novaenorciae.

Ptihilis noraenorciaf Milligan, Emu vol. iii. p. ■2"2(i. 1904 ; Wongan Hills, West Australia.

Western White-eared Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilaiullist No. 779.
Range : West Australia.

1232. Ptilotis cockerelli.

Ptilotis cockerelli Gould, Ann. Mug. Xat. Hist.ser. iv. vol. iv. p. 109. 18G9 ; Cape York, Queensland.

White-streaked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilattdlist No. 780.
Range : North Qneensland.

1233. Ptilotis melanops melanops.

Tttnliis mclannjts Latham, Itnlc.r Oniith. Suj/pl. p. xl. IHol ; Xew South Wales.

Synonyms :

Muncicupa auricoiniii Latham, Im/r.c Ornith. S'lppl. p. xli.\. 1801 : New South Wales.

Muxcica/ta mystaceu id., ilj., p. li : Xew South Wales.

Certhia chn/sootns Bechstein, Kurze Ushers. Viitj. p. 197. IHU : Xew South Wales.

Certhia titiriciilala Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. viii. p. 2.36. 1812 : Xew Siiuth Wales.

Philemon erythrotis Vieillot, Xouv. Diet. d'Hist. Xat. vol. xxvii. p. 429. 1819 : New South Wales.

Yellow-tufted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilajullist No. 781 (pars).
Range : New Sonth Wales.

1234. Ptilotis melanops meltoni subsp. u.

Southern Yellow-tufted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilnndlist No. 781 (pars).

Differs from P. m. melanops in its generally paler coloration and less size :
wing 83 mm.

Type: Victoria, No. 1532.
Range : Victoria.

1235. Ptilotis leadbeteri.

Ptilutis leadbeteri McCoy, Ann. .\lag. Nal. Uiat. ser. iii. vol. .\.x. p. 442. 18137 : Victoria.

Synonym :
Ptilotis cassidi.r Gould, Birds Austr. Suppl. pi. .'59. 18G7 : Victoria.

Helmeted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 782.
Range : Victoria.

1236. Ptilotis cratitia cratitia-

Ptilotis cratilius Gould, Proc. Zool, Soc. (Lond.) 1840. p. IGO (1841) ; Interior South Australia.

Wattle-cheeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 783 (pars).
Range : South Australia.

( 409 )

1237. Ptilotis cratitia halmaturina subs]!, u.
Kangaroo Island Wattled-cbeeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist Xo. TSo (pars).

Differs from P. c. cratitia in its larger size and generally brighter euloraticm.
Type: Kangaroo Island, No. 3241.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

1238. Ptilotis cratitia howei subsp. u.
Victorian Wattled-cheeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 783 (pars).

Differs from P. c. cratitia in its generally paler coloration.
Type: Kow Plains, Victoria, No. .i445.
Range : Victoria.

123i». Ptilotis cratitia stirlingi snbs]i. n.
Mountain Wattled-cheeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 784 (pars).

Differs from P. c. occidentalis in its much lighter coloration above, especially
on the head, and its more uniform greyish nnder-coloration.
Type: West Au.stralia (Stirling Kanges), No. 6183.
Range: West Australia (Stirling l{ang<'s).

1240. Ptilotis cratitia occidentalis.

Lichenoaioimts occidenfali>< Cabanis, Mus. Hein. vol. i. p. 110 note, IH.'il ; West Australia (Albany).

Western Wattle-cheeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 784 (pars).
Range : West Australia (Albany).

1241. Ptilotis keartlandi keartlandi.

Ptilotis Lcarllamli North, Ihis 1895. p. 340 : McMinn's Range, Central Australia.

Grey-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 783 (pars).
Range : Central Australia.

1242. Ptilotis keartlandi mungi subsp. u.

Western Grey-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 785 (pars).

Differs from P. It. lieAirtlandi in its paler eoloration above and below, especially
on the head.

Type: North- West Australia (Mungi), No. 9278.
Range : North-West Australia, Interior.

1243. Ptilotis keartlandi alexandrensis subsp. n.
Northern Grey-headed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 785 (pars).

Differs from P. k. mun<fi. in its less yellow ('oloration below.
Type : Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 3247.
Range : Northern Territory (Alexandra),

( 41f> ;
V24i. Ptilotis ornata ornata.

Plilolix oriia/us Gould, St/iiops. Biiih A'lslr. \>t. iv. pi. 7'2. I83S : Swan River, West Australia.

YelldW-plniued Hone_v Eater.
Matliews, Handlist No. Tf^O (pars).
Range : West Anstralia.

Xott'. — In the Nov. Zool. vol. .wiii. |i. Hi (101 1^ 1 proposed to accept
Muscicapn noraehollandiae Latham for this species. Furtlier consideration has
convinced me that this conclusion was erroneous, and I therefore revert to the
Gouldian ornutus as the species name, and class M. nomehollandiae as at i)rescnt,
indeterminable.

1245. Ptilotis ornata munna snbsp. n.

Western Yellow-plnmed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 786 fpars).

Diifers from P. o. ornata iu its i)allid coluratiou above, paler green on the head
and especially paler below, almost white on the abdomen.
Type: West Australia (Stirling Ranges), No. 01 To,
Range : West Australia (Stirling Ranges).

124(1. Ptilotis ornata tailemi snbsp. n.

Southern Yellow-plumed Honey Eater.
Mathews, HandliM No. 786 (pars).

Differs from P. o. ornata in its sligiitly less size and less green on the head,
even paler than P. o. munna.

Type : Tailem Bend, South Anstralia, No. 456.5.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1247. Ptilotis chrysotis chi'ysotis.

Cerlhia chrysolis Latham, Index Ofnilli. SupiA. p. x.\xviii. 1801 : Xew South Wales.

Synonyms :

Certhia caiia Bechstein, Kiirze Ueben. ViSij. p. 107. 1811 : New South Wales.
Certhia .amlliolh Shaw, Gi/n. Zool. vol. viii. p. 244. 1812 : New South Wales.

Y'ellow-fronted Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 787 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

1248. Ptilotis chrysotis plumula.

Ptilotis plumtthis Gould, /"roc-. Zuul. .Sue. {Loiut.) I84U. p. 16U (.1811); Western Australia (York
District).

Western Yellow-fronted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 787 (pars).
Range : West Anstralia.

1249. Ptilotis chrysotis ethelae snbsp. u.

Sonthern Yellow-fronted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 787 (pars).

( 411 )

Differs from /'. r. ckri/snti.-i iu its darker cdloratidu aljove ami liejow, csjiecially
(111 tlirout and 1)reast, and its liaviiifi; a black line of feathers over tiie yellow ear-
]ialcli.

Type: South Australia (Port Angusta), No. 'J938.

Range : South Australia.

l-,>5(i. Ptilotis chrysotis planasi.

Pliliillx jiliiHiisi Campbell. Emu vol. x. p. U\8. IttlO ; Xapier Bi-u(ime Bay, Nortli-VVost Australia.

Yellow-necked Honey Eater.
Range: North-West Australia.

Ii51. Ptilotis chrysotis andersoni subsp. u.

Large-billed Yellow-necked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 787 (pars).

Differs from P. c. phiriasi in its longer and stonter bill, and iu being paler
above and less yellow below.

Type: Mount Anderson, North-West Australia, No. i_i441.
Range : Interior of North-West Australia.

VIW2.. Ptilotis flavescens flavescens.

Piilolixfiavescens Gould, Proc Zmit. Sue. (L'i,i,l.) IS'Ad. p. 144 (1840) : North-West Coast Australia.

Yellow-tinted Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilamllist No. 788 (])ars).
Range : North-West Australia (Derby).

l~!5;j. Ptilotis flavescens wyndhami snbsp. n.
Pale-yellow-tinted Honey Eater.
Mathews, HanJlist No. 788 (pars).

Differs from P . f.fiacescens in its paler coloration, the yellow on the head only
indicated, more uniform upper-surface, and obscurely striped nnder-snrface.
Type: North-West Australia (Wyndham), No. 328ii.
Range : North-West Australia, Northern Territory.

1'2.")4. Ptilotis flavescens subg'ermana snbsji. n.

Queensland (irey-tinted Honey Eater.

Mathews, Hamllist No. 789.

Auhillish brown-coloured bird almve like P . f. Jiavescens,\n\\ with no green
whatever, and instead of yellow is uniformly grey, with stripiugs very obscurely
indicated ; brown ear-stripe followed by tinge of yellow only, and preceded by
greenish.

Type : North (Queensland (( !airns), No. 3283.

Range : North Queensland.

]2.j.i. Ptilotis flava flava.

y'/,7n/;»>i™Gould, l'ri„\/.„„l. S,u: {Lnml.) 1K4-'. p. 1 .'it! ( 1 84:)) : Xortli Coast .\ustralia (Capf York").

Yellow Honey Eater.

Mathews, IIiiihIIIM No. T'.in (pars).

Range : North (jtiiccushuid ("tape York).

28

( ^1~' )

12o6 Ptilotis flava addenda siilisii. n.

Inkermaii Yellow Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 790 (pars).

Differs from P. f.Jlara in its larger size, and greener tint above and below.

Type: Queensland (Inkerman), No. 3284.

Range : Queensland (Inkerman).

1257. Ptilotis penicillata penicillata.

Mclqihmja penirillala Gould, Siiiiops. Binls .{nnlr pt. i. pi. 15. 18:17 : Interior New Soutli Wales.

White-pl limed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Haiidllst No. 791 (jiars).
Range : Interior New South Wales.

125s. Ptilotis penicillata mellori subsp. n.

Victorian White-plumed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 791 (pars).

Differs from P. p. whitei in its still darker coloration above and below.

Type : Victoria, No. 5123.

Range : Victoria.

125'.!. Ptilotis penicillata whitei subsp. n.

Southern White-plnmed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Haiitllist No. 791 (pars).

Differs from P. p. penkilUta in its darker coloration above ami below.

Type : South Australia (Murray Flats), No. 8945.

Range : South Australia.

1259.\. Ptilotis penicillata rosinae subsp. n.

Port Augusta Wliite-plumed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 791 (pars).

Differs from P. p. iienicilUHa in lacking the dark line of featiiers above the
white ear-patch ; and in being lighter above.

Type : Port Augusta, South Australia, No. 9942.
Range : Port Augnsta, South Australia.

12()i). Ptilotis penicillata leilavalensis.

Plilnlh hilaraletmis Xorth, Rv. An^lr. .I///.-.-, vol. iii. p. lOH. IS'.I'.I : Burke Uistrict. (Jueenslaiid.

Cloncnrry White-jjluined Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 792.
Range : North Queensland.

12(11. Ptilotis penicillata carteri.

Ptilotis carter! Campbell. Virl. X.ituraUsI vol. xvi. p. :). IS'.l'.l : Xorth-West Cape, Nortli-We-st
Australia.

North- Western White-plumed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 793 (jiars).
Range : North Westralia.

( 41 ;) )

l:i(i'J. Ptilotis penicillata ladasi siibsp. n.
Mnrchison White-pliimed Honey Karcr.
Ma-thews, Handlist No. 793 (pars).

Ditfers from P.p. carter! in its more pallid culoratiou aliove ai.il below, less
striping oq the throat, and the head less yellow.

Type : West Australia (East Mnrcliison), No. 30:i(').
Range : Mid \Vestralia.

120:5. Ptilotis penicillata calconi sulisp. n.
Miingi Wliite-plnraed Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 703 (pars).

Differs from P. p. carteri in having less yellow on the throat, in its i)aler
coloration, and in the white ear-patch being more noticeable.
Type: Mungi, North-^Vest Australia, No. 9212.
Range : Interior of North-West Australia.

1204. Ptilotis frenata.

I'tihilisfi-enata Ramsay, Prm: ZudI. Sor. {Loiiil.) 1.M74. p. Wi : Cardwell, (Jucenshiiul
Bridled Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilnndlist No. 794.
Range : Queensland.

1265. Ptilotis unicolor unicolor.

Plihilis iinhnlnr Gould, Pmo. Zn<iJ. Snr. (Lmid.) 1842. p. 136 : Port Essingtoi), Northern Territory.

White-gaped Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 795 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

1200. Ptilotis unicolor yarra subsp. n.

Queensland White-gaped Honey Eater.

Blathews, Handlist No. 795 (pars).

Differs from P. ti. unicolor in its much greeiier coloration above.

Type: Queensland (Inkerman), No. 3305.

Range : Queensland.

1267. Ptilotis unicolor darbiski subsji. n.
Western White-gaped Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 705 (pars).

Differs from P. u. unicolor in its jiiiler coloration above and below, especially
noticeable on the abdomen.

Type : North-West Australia (Fitxroy River), No. 0245.
Range : North-West Australia.

12(1*. Ptilotis flaviventer filigera.

Ptilotis Jill(/enc Gould, Pmr, Zoul. Si»: [Lvml.) 185U. p. 27.S (IHIA) : Cape VoiU, QuuL'iisliiiid.

Streak-naped Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 796.

Range: North Queensland.

Sole. — The genus Ptilotis as iiere nsed would lie cnnsidered imlv jiliyh'tic by

( 414 )

genns splitters. Thougb the Australian species have so far escaped attention from
such, the New Guinea species have been split off. I consider that tiiosi' who would
accept such genera as XautliotiH would also need genera as follows. Caloptilotis
(uov.) for P. macleayana Ramsa)- : Paraptilotis (nov.) for /'. fmca Gould:
Lophoptilotis (nov.) for P. leadheateri McCJoy : and Ptilotula (nov.) for P.Jlate&ceiu
Gould. P. rorherelli Gould would seem to be better ]iliiccd in Glicijjliila, but I will
deal with the classification of the Honey Eaters in more detail later. The present
usage can only be (considered as of a temporary character.

Genus MELIORNIS.
Melioniis Gray, List Genera Binlx 1S40. p. lo.

Type (by orig. desig.) : ,1A. nnrnehnUonfline (Latham).

120'J. Meliornis pyrrhoptera pyn'hoptera.

Cerlliid pi/irhojileni Latham, Inile.f Ornitli. Sup/>l. p. xx.xviii. IHOI : Xew South Wales.

Synonyms :
Certhia ituntvalaitiami Shaw, Gen. ZoiA. vol. viii. p. 2'2G. ixil : New South Wales.
Melithreptus melannleucux Vieillot, Nimr. Diet. d'Hixl. A'al. vol. xiv. p. 328. 1817 : New South Wales.

Crescent Honey Eater.

Mathews, IlctmlUst No. T'.'T (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

Vr^\. Meliornis pyrrhoptera indistincta suljsp. n.

Southern Crescent Honey Eater.
Mathews, HaixlUM No. 707 (pars).

Differs from M. p. pyrrhoptera in its darker coloration aJiove, especially on tin'
head, forming a cap ; much greener on the wing.
Type : South Australia, No. 5565.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1271. Meliornis pyrrhoptera halmaturina.

LiAmera Jial mnliirinii Campbell, ICiiiii vol. v. p. 14 i. I'.IOli : Kangaroo Island.
Kangaroo Island Crescent Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 798.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

1272. Meliornis pyrrhoptera inornata.

Meliphaga imii-ii,tl,t Gould, Si/mpx. Binh Aii^lr. pt. iv. App. p. 5. 1838 : Tasmania.

Tasmaniau Crescent Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 707 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

127;;. Meliornis novaehoUandiae novaehoUand ae.

Cerlhia novarhoUiiiidiae Latham, Iinlej- Urmlh. vol. i. p. -'W. \1W Xew .South Wales.

Synonyms :
.Uelijiliiiiiu hiilyuiinit Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Xunl. .\iv. p. -Jlil. 18-'l'i : Xew South Wales.
Meliphaga harbata Swainson, Classi/. Binh vol. ii. p. 32ii. 1837 : New South Wales.

( 4ir. )

White-licank'd Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 799 (pars).
Range : New 8ontli AVales.

VI' \. Meliornis novaehoUandiae assimilis siibsp. n.
Victorian Wliite-beaixled Honey Eater.
Matliews, Handlist No. 799 (pars).

Differs from M. n. iiomeholhindiae in its darker coloration on the liead and
witli fewer stripes on tlie belly.
Type : Victoria, No. 9062.
Range : Victoria.

l"~7o. Meliornis novaehoUandiae diemenensis.

.1^7(ora('.sw^/>//ieHra.s/.v Mathews, BuU. Brit. Oni. IJhih vol. .xxv. p. 100. I'.ilil: Tasmania.

Tasmanian White-bearded Honey Eater.
Matliews, Hdndlist No. 799 (pars).
Range : Tasmania.

I-TC. Meliornis novaehoUandiae subassimilis snlis]i. n.
South Australian White-bearded Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 799 (pars).

Uiflers from M. n. assimilis in its larger size and darker under-snrfar.c.
Type : South Australia (Mt. Lofty Ranges), No. 9298.
Range : South Australia.

1277. Meliornis novaehoUandiae longirostris.

.\fi:liiihnga lomjii'imtrit (joulJ, Pmr. /.mil. ,So.;. (Luml.) lS4ll. p. Ho : Western Australia.

Long-billed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 8on.
Range : West Australia.

127&. Meliornis nigra nigra.

Cerlh'ui niijra Btchstein, Knrze Ueber. Vog. p. I'JIi. 1811 : Xew South Wales.

Synonyms :
Melithreplus ater Tieillot, Xuuv. Diet. tVIIist. Nat. vol. xiv. p. 327. 1817 : New South Wale.s.
.Meliphiga sericea Gould, Pror. Zool. Soc. (Loml.) 1836. p. 144 (1837) : Xew South Wale.s.
.Miliplntija nericeola Gould, Si/iinpn. Birds .lusli: pt. iv. App. j). .'). 1838 : Xew South Wales.

White-cheeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 801 (i)ars).
Range: New South Wales, Victoria.

1279. Meliornis nigra herbertoni sul)s)i. n.

Herberton White-cheeked Honey Eater.

Mathews, Handlist No. 801 (pars).

Differs from M. n. nigra in its slightly smaller size, and in having the ear-patcli
of white feathers elongate oval with a stjnare-cut end. The shape of this ear-patch
in the typical form is subovate : in J/. //. dulciei it is lanceolate.

Type : Queensland (Herberton Range), No. 9029.

Range : North Queensland.

( 41'; )

IJMi. Meliornis nigra dulciei.

Meliiinii!! nigra (lutrhi Miitliews, /(////. Bril. Orn. Clnh. vol. xxvii. p. '.HI. I'.Ul ; Albany, West
Australia.
Synonym :

.\f,lij,l,iig,i ,„i/«ltirnli,< Gould (not Teniniinck). /'/■.«■. X'^nl. Snc. (L"mI.) 181(1. p. llU (1«H) : West
Australia (Albany)

Monstached Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ham/list No. S02 (liars).
Itauge: West Anstralia.

12isl. Meliornis nigra inexpectata siil)s]i. n.

StirliniT Kanges Honey Eater.

Mathews, Hfi/idlisf No. .S02 (pars).

Ditiers from .1/. /;. (lulciei in its extremely long hill.

Type : West Australia (Stirling Ranges), No. 6143.

Range : West Aiistnilia (Stirling Ranges).

Genus MANOB.INA

Uaiinrhia Vieillot, Nnur. Dirt. tVHist. Nat. vol. xi.\. p. -JSU. IHIH.

Type (by monotypy) :' M. melanophri/s (Latham).

1282. Manorina melanophrys melanophrys.

Turdus mehiii'ipliri/s Latham, Imli'.r Onutli. Siippl. p. xlii. l.Sill : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Manurirui viritlix Vieillot, X'lur. Dirt. il'Hist. .\nt. vol. xix. p. 2,^6. 1818 : New South Wales.
Mi/zantha flavira^lris Vigors and Horsfield. Trims. Linn. Sue. [Loud.) vol. xv. p. 319. lH2li : Xew
South Wales,

Bell Minab.

Mathews, Handlist No. 803 (pars).

Range: New Sonth Wales.

1283. Manorina melanophrys yarra subsji. n.

Victorian Bell Minah.

Mathews, IlandUsf No. ^(03 (pars).

Differs from M. m. melanoplirt/.'i in its darker I'dlnratimi above aiul beKiw.

Type : Victoria, No. 8153.

Range : Victoria.

Genus MYZANTHA.

Hiisaniha Vigors and Horsfield, Trang. Linn. Sm: (Lund.) vol. xv. p. .SIH. 18-2('i.
Type (snbs. desig.) : M. melanocephala (Latham).

1284. Myzantha melanocephala melanocephala.

Grucula melanoce.jihala Latham, lud,.c Oriiilh. S,iji/,l. p. xxviii. IHOl : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

Merops giirrulns Latham, Irnltj- Oniith. .'^ii/i/il. p. xxxiv. 1801 : New South Wales.

.Merojis cucnllatu.^ id., ib. p. xxxiii : New South Wales.

Philemim nueviiis Vieillot, Norn: Dirt. d'Hist. Nat. vol. xxvii. p. 428. 1818 : New South Wale.s.

( 417 )

Black-headed Miiiali.

Mathews, Handlist No. 804 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

128.5. Myzantha melanocephala whitei siihs]i. u.

Sontliern Black-lieaded Jlinah.
Mathews, Handlist No. 804 (pars).

Differs from M. m. ?«eZawo«/.(/<a/a ia its slightly smaller size and ])aier coloration
above, especially on the head and rninp.
Type : South Australia, No. a3r,(i.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1280. Myzantha melanocephala leachi suhsp. n.

Tasmauian Black-headed Minah.
Mathews, Hniidlist No. 804 (pars).

Differs from M. in. mi'lanocrphala in its smaller size and its darker coloration
above and below.

Type : Tasmania, No. 0466.
Range : Tasmania.

1287. Myzantha melanocephala crassirostris subsp. n.

Queensland Black-headed Miuah.

Mathews, Handlist No. 804 (pars').

Differs from M. m. melaiwcfphaln in its paler coloration and larger bill.

Type : Cairns, Queensland, No. 0332.

Range : Qaeensland.

1288. Myzantha flavigula flavigula.

.\n/m,dhejiavigula Gould, Prnc. Zool. fior. {L<„ifl.) 183'.1. p. 143 (184(1) : Interior New South W.iles
(Namoi R.).

Yellow-throated Minah.
Mathews, Handlist No. 806 (pars).
Range : New South Wales.

i288A. Myzantha flavigula melanotis.

Mi/zaiil/iii mehiiiiiHx Wilson, ICnin vol. xi. p. 125. I'.Ul : Mallee, N.W. Victoria.

Black-eared Minah.

Range : North-West Victoria.

1280. Myzantha flavigula berneyi subsp. n.

Queensland Yellow-throateil Minah.

Mathews, Handlist No. 8m6 (pars).

Differs from M.f.llariijula in its slightly smaller size and paler coloration.

Type : Queensland (Richmond District), No. 3368.

Range : Queensland.

( 41S )
129rt. Myzantha flavigula obscura.

Mi/zaiilha nhncimi Gould. Pmr. Znnl. Soc. (Loml.) 1H4I). p. l.",9 (1X41) : WestiTii Australia (Perth).

Dusky Jliiiah.

Mathews, Ilandlitit Xo. ^ti.'i (pars).

Rauge : West Australia.

I",'itl. Myzantha flavigula clelaudi sul)si). u.
Dark Miuah.

Mathews, U'ludlist No. 805 (pars).
Differs from P-f. obscura in being dark bt'low.
Type: Broniue Hill, South- West Australia, No. 330.3.
Range: South-West Austnilia.

I~".i2. Myzantha flavigula wayensis snl)s|i. n.

Lake Way Minah.
Mathews, Handlist No. 805 (pars).

Differs from J/. /. oh»cura in its pallid coloration, especially on the under-
surface, which is almost white, while the green is much brighter.
Type : West Australia (Lake 'Way), No. 3370.
Range : Mid Westralia.

1293. Myzantha flavigula lutea.

.Uijzanlha lutea Gould, Prnc. Zool. Soc. {Loml.) 18:59. p. 14-t (1840) : Xorth-West Coast Australia
(Derby).

Yellow Miuah.

Mathews, Handlist No. 807 (pars).

Rauge : North-West Australia.

12'.i4. Myzantha flavigula alligator subsp. n.
Alligator Miuah.

Mathews, Handlist No. 807 (pars).

Differs from M.J. lutea in its much larger size : wing 14-' mu].
Type : Alligator River, Northern Territory, No. 5355.
Range : Northern Territory.

Genus ANTHOCHAEBA.

Atithochaera Vigors and Horsfield, Tni/ix. Linn. Soc (^Lotid.) vol. xv. p. ."i:^0. 18"2(>.
Type (by subs, desig.) : ,1. caritnculata (Latham).

1295. Anthochaera carunculata carunculata.

Meropn (•arvuculaliis Latham, I mti.r (triiilli. vol. i. p. l!7(). 17'.I0 ; Xew South Wales.

Synonym :

Aiilhochiera lewiiii Vigors and Horsfield, Tram. Linn. S'«:. (L'nuL) vol. xv. p. ;i'-'2 note, 182G : New
South Wales.

Yellow Wattle Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 808 (pars).

Range : South Queeuslaud, New South Wales.

( ^19 )
l-"»i. Anthochaera carunculata treg'ellasi siilisp. n.

VictoriiUi Yrllow \\':illlr ISinl.
Matlu'ws, Haiidlist .\(i. SOS (pars).

Differs from .1. r. t-urunculata in its darker coloration above am! in lia.vintj; the
wiitrles slii^htly more elougated tlnui in tlu' tvjiical form.
Tyi)e : Victoria, No. 3372.
Hange : Victoria, Soiitli Australiii.

12'.i7. Anthochaera carunculata woodward! snljsp. n.

Western Yellow Wattle Bird.
Mathews, Ilandli^t No. SOS (jiars).

Differs at sight from J. i-. rurancaUita w its elongated wattles and more
thickly striped nnder-snrface.

Type: West Anstralia,, No. :i:iT3.
Hange : West Anstralia.

Vi'-^x. Anthochaera paradoxa.

Con-Ill /„:m(lo.iiis Daudin, Ticiili' il'Oniilh. vol, ii. p. 24(!. 18(10: Tasmania.

Synonyms :
CndiiDi noruehollaiiilliic Stephens, ill Shaw's Gfii. Znnl. vol. xiv. p. "iCi. lH2li : Tasmania.
Anlliiirlniera iimuris GoiiW, /lirr/s Aiistr. vol. iv. pi. 54. 184-1 : Tasmania.

Brnsh AVattle Bird.
Matliews, namllisf No. 8o'.i.
Kange : Tasmania.

Genus ANELLOBIA.

Aiiillnl,:,! Cahanis, .l/»~-. Ihhi. vol. i. p. 120. 18.51.

Tyjie (jjy snlis. desig.): .1. i-liri/so/iteru (Latham).

l-"i'.i. Anellobia chrysoptera chrysoptera.

l/rni/K rliri/sii/,' r'li L itham, Jinli'j- Uniilh. SiqijiJ p. x.x.Kiii. 1801 : Xew South Wale*.

Synonym :
Certliiii iiiillhuira Latham, Imlej: (Iriiilh. Su/ijil. p. xxxvii. 1801 : Xew South Wales.

Hed Wattle Bird.

Mathews, lliiiiillist Xo. Sill (jiars).

Uange : Suuth i^)iieeiisiand, N(^w Sontli Wales.

l;!oii. Anellobia chrysoptera intermedia sulis]!. n.

A'ieturiaii Hed Waltle I'.ird.
Matliews, Ilaiullixt No. Slo (pars).

Differs from ^1. r. cknji^optera in its larger size (wing 13S mm.) and darker
npiJi-r coloration.

Type : South Anstralia, No. 3386.
Hange : Victoria, South Australia.

( 42(1 )

i:5iil. Anellobia chrysoptera tasmanica snlis]i. n.

Tasmaiiiiui Wattle Bird.
Mathews, Jhindlist No. 810 (pars).

Differs from ^4. c. intermedia in its slightly larsjer size ami still darker
uijper coloration.

Type : Tasmania, No. 4378.
Range : Tasmania.

13112. Anellobia chrysoptera lunulata.

Anihochaeia }u,nih,h, rxould, i^ijnops. Birds. .h,..lr. pt. iv. App. p.:,. 1H3S: Sw.in River, West
Australia.

Little Wattle Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 811.
Range : West Australia.

Genus ACANTHAGENTS.

Aatiithaneniix Gould, Si/no}iK Birds AuMi: pt. iv. pi. 159. l.s:!S.

Type (by mouotypy) : .1. rufogxlnris GonM.

i;!o3. Acanthagenys rufogularis rufogularis.

Acantlw,j,;ujs nifogularh Gould, flumps. R,rds Aust,: pt. iv. pi. «'.». 1838 : Xt-w 8nuth Wales.

Spiny-cheeked Honey Eater.

Mathews, Hnndlisf No. sl2 (pars).

Ra,nge: South Queensland, New South Wales.

Io04. Acanthagenys rufogularis cygnus snbsp. n.

Southern Spiny-clieeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ham/list No. 812 (pars).

Differs from A. r. rufogularis in its darker coloration above and below,
especially noticeable on the breast.

Type: Swan Island, Victoria, No. 4010.
Range : Victoria, South Australia.

1305. Acanthagenys rufogularis flavacantlius.

Amnth^geny. ftavwautlm. Campbell. Vhl. \„l,rn,i,sl, vol. xvi. p. 3. 1899 : N.W. Cape, North-West
Australia.

AVestern Spiny-cheeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 812 (pars).
Range : North-West Australia.

1300. Acanthagenys rufogularis territori subsp. n.

Northern Spiny-cheeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Ilandlixt No. 812 (pars).

Differs from A. r. flatacanthm in its pallid coloration, almost white nmler-
snrface, especially noticeable on the throat.

Type: Northern Territory (Alexandra), No. 3395.
Range : Northern Territory.

( 421 )

IHiiT. Acanthagenys rufogularis wei sulisp. u.

Lake Way Spiiiy-clii'elciMl lldiiey Eator.

Mathews, Ihindlist No. XVZ (|iars;.

Differs from .1. >■. fl(iiyii_'aiitln(x in being: slic^litly darker almve ami liei(jw.

Type : West Anstralla (Lake Wayj, Xo. :i3!Hi.

liauge : Mid Westralia.

I3i>>. Acanthagenys rufogularis queenslandicus Miljsp. a.

Queensland Spiny-clieeked Honey Eater.
Mathews, Handlist No. 812 (pars).

Uiifers from A. r. ru/ogularis in its smaller size, less spottin;,' on abdomen,
and the post-auricular patch being more streaked.
Type: North Queensland, No. 7771.
Hange: North Queensland.

Genus ENTOMYZOir.

Eiiliimiizim Swainsou, Znul. Juiini. vol. i. p. 480. lS2ii.

Type (by orig. desig.) : E. ci/anotis (Latham).

13119. Entomyzon cyanotis cyanotis.

dnirida cyanotis Latham, linlf.r Onnlh. Siijipl. p. xxix. IKill : New .South Wales.

Synonyms :

Mevipx i-jiunops Latham, Index Oniilh. Sa/j/tl. p. xxxiv. IKdl : New .South Wales.

Tiinliis njaiwun id., /7)., p. .\lii. 1801 : New South Wales.

Cnihia r/raculoides Bechstein, Kiirze Uebers. Vug. p. 198. 1811 : New South Wales.

Certlilii f/raculiim Shaw, Gen. Zo<,l. vol. viii. p. 242. 1812 : New South Wales.

Phileiiuiii rh-klis Vieillot, Nniir. Did. il'Hisl. .\„l. vol. xxvii. p. 431. 1818 i New South Wales.

Blue-faced Honey Eater.
Mathews, HaiidUgt No. sl3 (pars).
Range : New Sonth ^\'ales, Victoria.

13111. Entomyzon cyanotis connectens sulis]i. n.

Intermediate Blue-fticed Honey Eater.

Mathews, Ilunclllst No. 813 (pars).

Differs from /?. c. c;/aiiotis in its smaller size and jialer coloration of the inner
webs of the primaries, but larger tiian E. c. fxirtcrti, and with darker inner-web
coloration than in that fornj.

Type: Queensland (Inkerman), Xo. 33119.

Range : Mid (,)neensland.

1311. Entomyzon cyanotis harterti.

/■'.iih,iiii/.:ii vijaiiDtis hiirleiii Robiusou and Laverock. //«'.< 1900 p. Clio. : Cooktown, Queensland.

Northern Blue-faced Honey Eater.
Mathews, IlaiuUiat No. SU.
I{uiige : Nortli Queensland.

( 422 )

V-W-i. Entomyzon cyanotis albipennis.

ICnIomi/ai alhijieniiii GoiM, Pn,r. /Coul.S,,,-. {L„wl.) 1X40. p. IH'.I (1S41): Port Essington. Noitbei'U
Territory.

White-qnilled Houey Eater.
Mathews, lldiidlist No. **15 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

1:513. Entomyzon cyanotis siibalbipennis snlisj). n.

Western Wiiite-(iuillu(l Houey Eater.

Mathews, IIkii'IIIM No. 815 (pars).

Differs from K. <■. (ilhij>eiuii» in its larger size and heavier bill.

Type: North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 340G.

Range: North-West Australia.

Genus PHILEMON.

Philemon y'\e\\\ot, Aiiulyxe iiniw. Oniilli. p. 47. 18Ui.

Type (by snbs. desig.) : /'. mobicceii.sia (Gmeliu).

1314. Philemon argenticeps argenticeps.

Tvii>itlui-lnjm-hii,< iirijfiilhep.i Gould, Prur. Zoul. Sw: {Loiul.) IH.'i'.l. p. 144 (I'^+ll) : Nortli-We.st Coast
Australia (Napier Broome Bay).

hiilvery-crowned Friar Bird.
Mathews, HamUist No. si 6 (pars).
Range : North-West Australia.

131.J. Philemon argenticeps alexis subsp. n.

Nortlieni Silver-crowned Friar Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 816 (pars).

Differs frnra P. n. nrgenticcps in its smaller size (wing 122 mm.), and ))aler
coloration.

Type : Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 3418.
Range : Northern Territory.

131(j. Philemon buceroides.

PliiUilon buceroides Swainson, Aiiini. in MeiiiKj. p. Aib. WM : yuei/ri.sland.

Helmeted Friar Bird.
Mathews, Ifandlist No. 817.
Range : Queensland.

1317. Philemon corniculatus corniculatus.

Meriips cnrnicultiliis Latham, Index Ornilli. vol. i. p. 27(>. IT'.IO; New South Wales.

Synonym :
Merops monaehus Latham, index Oniith. Supi>l. p. .\xxiv. 1801 : New South Wales.

Friar Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 818 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

( 423 )

i:?18 Philemon corniciilatus ellioti siibs|i. n.

Northern Friar Binl.

Mathews, Handlist No. Sl.s (pars).

Differs from P. c. cnrnicidatus iu its smaller size and |iali'r uoloratidn.

Tyjie : Mount Elliot, North Qneensland, No. •■WSA.

Range : North Queensland.

nui). Philemon orientalis orientalis.

liiipliaija urienliilis Latliam, index OriiHh. vol. i. p. 147. 17'JI.I : New Soulli Wales.
Synonym :

Trtipiijorhyiii'hn!^ cifirij(/f(lariii Gould, Si/tiojis. Bhih Au!<lr. jit. i. pi. \'A. 1837 ; Interior Xew South
Wale.'.

Yellow-throated Friar Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 819 (pars).
Range: New South Wales.

13'-i). Philemon orientalis didimus .snhsp n.

Siiuthern Yellow-throated Friar Biitl.

Mathews, JJa/idlist No. 819 (pars).

Differs from /'. o. orientalis in its larger size and darker coloration.

Tyjie : Sonth Australia, No. 41 74.

Range : South Australia, Victoria.

1321. Philemon orientalis johnstoni subsj). n.

Northern Y'ellow-throated Friar Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. Si 9 (pars).

Differs from 1'. o. orientalis in its smaller size and lighter coloration.

Tyjie : Johnston River, North Queensland, No 4L'44.

Range : North Queensland.

1322. Philemon orientalis occidentalis.

J'/iiliiiinn lu-rideiiliilix Ramsay, I'lnc. Linn. Sue N.S.fV. ser. 2. vol. ii. p. <i76. IKHS : Derby, Xortb-
west Australia.

Western Yellow-throated Friar Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 819 (pars).
Range : North-West Australia.

1323. Philemon orientalis sordidus.

Trnjih/iir/iij/i'liiix siinlliliis Gould, Binis Aiixir. vol. i. Introd. p. Iviii. 1848: Cobourj; IViiiusuIa.
Northern Territory.

I,ittle Friar Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. s20.
K'anLic : Ndrtliern Territory.

( -l-'-t )

Family MOTACILLIDAK.
Genus BEOTACILLA

In Linni?, .%«(. A'a(. ed. x. p. 1K4. IT.'iS.

Type (by subs, desig.) : .lA "M" Limtio.

13",'4. Motacilla flava simillima.

Miilarillii flam simillima Hartert, IVw/c/ Pnlnark. Faun. vol. i. p 28'.l. r.lO.'i : Kamtsc-li;itka.

Syuoiiyiu :
Miitnrilhi bnnutnii North, /V«.-. f.i/iii. Sor. X.S.W. vol. .\.\.\. p. fiT'.l. I'.MICi: Queeii.^iainl (Diiwscin K.).

Kamtschatka Yellow Wagtail.

Mathews, Handlist No. 821.

Range: Australia (accidental, one (iccnircncc). Extraliniifal.

Genus ANTHUS.

Aiithiix Bechstein, Gem. Nuturg. Dmlxrlil. vol. iii. p. 7ii4. IsnT.
Type (by snbs. desig.) : .1. spinolettn (Linne).

13~o. Anthus australis australis.

AiitliKx australis Vieillot, Xom: Did. il'Hixl. .\al. vol. x.wi. p. .5iil. 1«I8 : New South Wales.

Synonym :

Aiithus pallesirns Vigors and Horsfield, Tram. [/mn. Si«: (Linvl.) vol. xv. p. ■!■>'.). IHitJ (juv.) :
New South Wales.

Australian Piiiit.

Mathews, Hdndlisf No. 8'.-';; (pars).

Range : New Soutli Wales, Victoria.

13~'(']. Anthus australis bistriatus.

AiiTiidruina bislrinta Swaiuson, Aiiim. ni .\lrna(j. p. :ill'.. 1K37 : Tasmania.

Tasmanisin Pipit.

Mathews, Hiindli»t No. .N-iS (pars).

Range : Tasmania.

1327. Anthus australis adelaidensis sllll^p. n

Southern Pipit.

Mathews, Handlist No. Mi2 (pars).

Difl'ers from ^1. a. (iiistralis in being muiv rnfons above.

Type: Adelaide, South Australia, No. 3437.

Range: Sontli Anstralia.

1328. Anthus australis bilbali subsp. n.

Western Pii)it.

Mathews, Handlist No. 822 (jiars).

Differs from .1. «. australis in its very much darker coloration, the striping
on the upper breast being very pronounced.

Type: Wilson's Inlet, South- West Australia, No. 4869.
Range : South-West Australia.

( 425 )

13u".i. Anthus australis siibaustralis subsp. u.
Lake Way Pipit.

Mathews, Handlist Ko. 822 (pars).

Differs from A. a. iiuMnilin in its paler coloration abovf and rutiuis uuder-
surface.

Type: Lake Way, West Australia, No. ;«4I.
Eange : Mid Westralia.

i;i3o. Anthus australis subrufus subsp. n.

Rnfous Pipit.

Mathews, Hamlllst Xo. <S22 (pars).

A deep rufous jihase agreeing in <'.<jloration witli Mirafra jdrdiilcii woodiciirdi
MiJligan, from the same locality, and not comparable with any other subspecies of
Alitlius australis.

Type: West Australia (Onslow), No. 5187.

Range : North-West Australia.

1331. Anthus australis tribulationis subsji. n.
North- Western Piiiif.
Mathews, Handlist No. 822 (pars).

Paler than .). a. sidjaast rails, and with an almost white under-surface, the
black throat-striping being thus jironounced.

Type : North-West Australia, Point Torment, No. 8284.
Range : North-West Australia.

Family ALAUDIDAE.
Genus MIBAFBA.

Minifya Horsfield, Titms. L'/nti. Sur. (^Lnri'l.) vol. xiii. p. I.'j9. 1821.

Type (by mimotypy) : M. javanica HoTsfield.

1332. Mirafra javanica horsfieldii.

Mirufra Iiorsfieltlii Gould, Prm: Zool. Soc. (Lond.) 1847. p. 1 : Interior New South Wales.
Bush Lark.

Mathews, Hanillisf No. 823 (parsj.
Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

1333. Mirafra javanica queenslandica snbs]i. n.

Queensland Bush Lark.

Mathews, Ham/list No. 823 (pars).

Differs from M.j. horsfieldii in being much darker above.

Type: Likerman, Queensland, No. 3447.

Range : Queensland.

1334. Mirafra javanica secuuda.

Mirafra aecuuda Sharpe, Oit. Birds Brit. Mas. vol. .xiii. p. IJO:!. 181)0 : South Australia.
Lesser Bush Lark.
Mathews, Handlist No. S24 (parsJ.
Range : South Australia.

( 42(1 )
133o. Mirafra javanica woodwardi.

Minifra woodicardi Milligan, Vict. Naturalhl, vol. xviii. p. L'll. l^iil : OusIdw, West AiisliMlia.

Onslow Bush Lark.

Matliews, llamllist No. s"-'4 (jiars).

Range: West Australia (Onslowj.

1330. Mirafra javanica milligaui.

Minifiii luilligititi Mathews, Kmu. vol vii. Suppl. p. 101. I'.lo.s : Uoulnutk liiy I'liiiris. Nurtli-Wust
Australia.

Synonym :

.1/. horsfieUli palliihis Hall (not Shari)e), F.iini. vol. iii. p. 2.-i_'. r.l04 : Rotljiu-k Ii;iy Plains, Xoitli-
West Australia.

Pale Bnsh Lark.

Mathews, llaii'llist No. 825.

Range: North-West Australia.

1337. Mirafra javanica subrufescens miIs],. m.

North- Western Bnsh Lark.

A rufescent form only coinjiaral)le witli M. ). ni/esci'iix, fniii) which il is easily
separable by its superior size.

Type: North-West Australia (Tabba Tabba), No. ol'.U.
Range : North-West Australia.

133fs. Mirafra javanica rufescens.

Mirafra rufesieiis In^'ram, /?/<//. lir/l. <_>ni. Club, vol. xvi. p. IIU. T.iod : .\lu.\anilia. Xortln.'i'n
Territory.

Rufous Bush Lark. .

Mathews, Ilfimliist No. 826.

Range: Nurtliern Territory (Interior).

1339. Mirafra javanica nigrescens snbsp. n.

Black Bush Lark.

Differs from J/../. Iiorsjiehlii in its much ilarker coioralioii nlmve and niiii-i:
deeper rufous below.

Type: Eureka, Northern Territory, No. ."il'.)4.
Ranue: Northern Territory i West).

1••AM^.^ PLOCEIDAE.
Genus ZOITAEGINTHUS.

Zimatijinthufi Cabanis, .I/(/.-^. lliinf^ vol. i. p. 171. IH.'j!.

Type (by monotypy) : Z. hellus (Latliain).

yote. — My generic treatment of Australian I'locean Finches is novel, and is
based upon a critical examination of tlie characters of the sjiecies. It would seem
that the previous groupings have been based upon colour alone, ami hence tlu^ multi-
plicity of genera previously accej)tcd. I antici]iati" that, hilei', the number oi genera
I now admit (seven, as against eleven in the /////it/l/.-i/) will be furl her reduced.

( 427.)
134i>. Zonaeginthus guttatus guttatus.

Loxia guttata Shaw, Musctiin Lecer. pt. ii. p. 47. 179ij : New Soutli Wales.

SynoDyms :

FrimjiUa leucocejjJiuIa Latham, fmlej- Ondtli. Suppl. p. xlviii. 1801 : New South Wales.
Friiiijilla Inthumi Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. L'mn. Soc. {Land.) vol. xv. p. 20(3. 1826 ; New
South Wales.

Spotted-sided Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 827 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New Sonth Wales.

1341. Zonaeginthus guttatus philordi subsp. n.

Southern Spotted-sided Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 827 (pars).

Differs from Z. g. gutturalis iu having a narrower black band on the throat,
and the head not so light.

Type : Victoria, No. 5098.
Range: Victoria, South Australia.

1342. Zonaeginthus bellus.

Loxia bella Latham, Index Ornith. Siqipl. p. xlvi. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonym :
Loxia nitida Latham, Imlex Ornith. Supjd. p. xlvii. 1801 : New South Walea.

Fire-tailed Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 828.

Range: New Sonth Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia.

1343. Zonaeginthus oculatus.

Frhujilla nculatn Quoy and Gaimard, Vuy. de V Astrol. Zool. vol. i. p. 211. 1830: King George's
Sound, West Australia.

Red-eared Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 829.
Range : West Australia.

1344. Zonaeginthus castanotis oastanotis.

Amadina castanotis Gould, Si/nops. Birds .iiistr. pt. i. pi. 10. 18.i7 : Interior New South Wales.
( Ihestnnt-eared Finch.
Mathews, /landli.^t No. 831 (pars).
Range : New Sonth Wales, Victoria, South Australia.

1345. Zonaeginthus castanotis mouki subs]), n.

Queensland Chestnut-eared Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 831 (pars).

Differs from Z. c. castanotis in tlie undcr-surface coloration, having more black
on the breast and paler on the flanks.

Type : Queensland (Hockhampton), No. 7334.
Range : Queensland.

29

(428)

1346. Zonaeginthus castanotis wayensis subsp. ii.

Miirchison Chestunt-eared Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. S^l (pars).

Paler than Z. c. mstniintis, with the bill vermilion : in that race tlie bill is
orange.

Type: West Australia fEast Mnrcliison), No. 3491.
Range : Mid Westralia.

1347. Zonaeginthus castanotis miingi subsp. n.

Mungi Chestnut-eared Fincli.

Mathews, IlamlUst No. 831 (pars).

Much paler throughout than any other race of Z. castanotis.

Type: North- West Australia (Mungi), No. 0231.

Range : Interior North-West Australia.

1348. Zonaeginthus castanotis alexandrae subsp. n.

Northern Chestnut-eared Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 831 (pars).

Diifers from Z. c. mouki in being grey and not brown above.

Type: Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 348".

Range : Northern Territor)'.

Genus EMBLEMA.

Emhlema Gould, Prvc. Zool. Sot: (Land.) 1842. p. 17.
Type (by monotypy) : 7S. picta Gould.

1349. Emblema picta picta.

Kinblema pida Gould, Pnic. Zool. Soc. {Land.) 1842. p. 17 ; North-west Coast Australia (Derby).

Painted Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 83t) (pars).

Range : North-West Australia (Derby).

1350. Emblema picta territorii subsp. n.

Northern Painted Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 830 (pars).

Differs from E. jk picta in its darker cohiration above.

Type : Alexandra, Northern Territory, No. 3478.

Range : Northern Territory.

1351. Emblema picta coongani subsp. n.

Pale Painted Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 830 (pars).

Differs from E. p. picta in its paler cohiration.

Type : West Australia (Coongau River), No. 3484.

Range : West Australia.

(429 )

Genns MUIflA.

Mtmia Hodgson, Asia!. Researches, vol. xix. pt. i. p. 163. 1836.
Type (1)}- subs, desig.) : ^[. atricapUla (Vieillot).

1352. Munia bichenovii bichenovii.

FrhiyUla bieheitorii Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Sur. (Loml.) vol. xv. p. 258. 182G : Broad
Sound, Queensland.

Queensland Banded Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 832 (pars).
Range : Queensland.

1353. Munia bichenovii pallescens subsp. n.

Banded Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 832 (pars).

Differs from M. h. bichenocii in being lighter above and paler below.

Type : New South Wales.

Range : New South Wales.

13.54. Munia bichenovii bandi subsp. u.

Queensland Banded Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 833 (pars).

A pallid form intermediate between M. b. bickenoi:ii and ^1/. h. annulosa : not
as pale as the latter, though paler than M. b. pallescens.
Type: Northern Territory (Alexandra).
Range : Northern Territory.

1355. Munia bichenovii annulosa.

AtmuliiM annulosa Gould, Proc. Zuol. Sor. {Lmvl.) 18311. p. 143 (1840; : North-West Coast Australia.

Black-ringed Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 833 (pars).

Range : North-West Australia.

1356. Munia castaneothorax castaneothorax.

Amadiim castanmthorax Gould, Synops. Birds Austr. pt, ii. pi. 21. 18:17 : Queensland (Cairns).

Synonym :
Donacola hiriUata Reichenbach, Die Sini/vS/j. p. 28. 18(;2 : Queensland.

Chestnut-breasted Finch.
Mathews, JJaudli.'st No. s:i4 (pars).
Range: Queensland.

1357. Munia castaneothorax assimilis.

Munia castaneothiirax assimilis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club vol. xxvii. p. 28. 1910 : Northern
Territory.

Dark-breasted Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 834 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory.

(430 )

135^. Munia castaneothorax gangi subsp. n.

Pale Chestnat-breasted Fiuch.

Differs from M. e. assimilis in its paler chestnut liaml, browner lieail, brighter
red on the nirap, and greener upper tail-coverts.

Type : North- West Australia (Xapier Broome Bay), No. 5734.
Range : North-West Australia.

1369. Munia flaviprymna.

DoiiacolaflavijM-i/inna Gould, Proc ZooL Soc. (Loml.) 1845. p. 80 : Xorth Coast Australia.

Yellow-rumped Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 5*35.
Range : North-West Australia.

13(jij. Munia pectoralis pectoralis.

Amadina peHuraUx Gould, Prm'. Zool. Soc. (Lund.) 1840. p. 127 (1841) : North-West Coast Australia

White-breasted Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 836 (pars).

Range : North-West Australia.

1361. Munia pectoralis incerta subsp. n.

Northern White-breasted Finch.

Mathew.s, Handlist No. ^36 (pars).

Differs from M. p. pectoralis in being brown and not blue-grey above.

Type : Ale.xandra, Northern Territory, No. 3517.

Range : Northern Territory.

1362. Munia modesta.

Amculhia modesta Gould, Sijiiops. Birds Auslr. pt. i. pi. 10. 1837 : New South Wales.

Plumhead Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 837.

Range : New South Wales, South Queensland.

Genus AEGIITTHA.

Aeylntha Cabanis, Mus. He'ni. vol. i. p. 170. 1851.

Type (by monotypy) : ,1. tem/joralis (Latham).

13(i:s. Aegintha temporalis temporalis.

FriiKjilhi temporalis Latham, Index Urnith. Su/>pl. p. .Klviii. 1801 ; New South Wales.
Synonym :

Fringilla quintieohir Vieillot, Snuv. Diet. d'JIist. .V<ir vol. -xii. p. 183. 1817 : New .South Wales.

Red-browed Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. S38 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

(4^1 )
1364. Aegintha temporalis minor.

Aegintha minor Campbell, I^est.i ami Eijgs Auslr. liinh p. 492. IIIOI : Cajje York.

Little Red-browed Fiiiuh.
Mathews, Handlist No. 838 (pars).
Range : Queensland.

13G.5. Aegintha temporalis tregellasi subsp. n.

Victorian Red-browed Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 838 (pars).

Differs from A. t. temporalis in its greener coloration above and more lirowii
underneatli, especially on the abdomen.
Type : Victoria, No. OOTo.
Range : Victoria.

13().5a. Aegintha temporalis loftyi snbsp. n.

Mountain Red-browed Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 838 (pars).

Differs from ^1. t. tregellasi in having a brownish head, not grey, as in that
subspecies.

Type : Mt. Lofty, South Australia, No. 982.').
Range : South Australia.

13C)6. Aegintha rnficauda ruficauda.

Amadina rujicauda Gould, Sijnujis. Birds Audr. pt. i. pi. 10. 1837 : New South Wales.

Red-faced Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 839 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales.

1307. Aegintha ruficauda connectens subsp. u.

Queensland Red-faced Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 839 (pars).

Differs from A. r. ruficauda iu its paler coloration above and belovr, especially
noticeable on the head.

Type : Queensland (Roclvhampton), No. 9346.
Range : Queensland (Rockhampton).

1368. Aegintha ruficauda subclarescens subsp. n.

North- Western Red-faced Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 839 (pars).

Differs from A. r. ruficauda in its brighter green coloration above, brighter red
forehead, brighter green on tlie breast, and brighter yellow on the abdomen.
Type: North-West Australia (Parry's Creek), No. 3541.
Range : North-West Australia.

1369. Aegintha ruficauda thorpei subsp. n.

Western Red-faced Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 839 (pars).

( 432)

Differs from A. r. ruficamh in its darker upper coloration, deeper red, darker
green, and pallid abdomen with only wash of yellow.
Type : West Anstralia (Coongan River), No. 3538.
Range; West Anstralia.

137ti. Aegintha ruficauda clarescens.

Balliiliht nifimuda cliinnrens Hartert, Nov. Zml. vol. vi. p. 427. 1899 : Cape York, Queensland.

Cape York Red-faced Finch.
Mathews, Hnmllist No. 840.
Range : North Qneensland (Cape York).

Genus FOEFHILA.

Puephiln Gould, Prnr. Zool. Soc. (Loml.) 1841'. p. 18.

Type (by orig. desig.) : P. acaticauda (Gonld).

1371. PoepMla acuticauda acuticauda.

Amadiiia aciiticaudu Gould, Proe. Zool. Sue. (Land.) 1839. p. 14.-! (1840) : Derby, North-West
Australia.

Long-tailed Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 841.
Range : North-West Anstralia.

1372. Poephila acuticauda hecki.

Poephda hecki Heinroth, Oruith. .Uonatsb. Jahrh. vol. viii. p. 22. 1900 : Port Darwin ? Xorth
Territory.

Synonym :

Poejjhila (vmniliirunlrh North, Proc. Linn. Sue. N.S.W. vol. xxvii. p. 208. 1902; Wyndham and
Port Darwin.

Red-billed Long-tailed Finch,
Mathews, Handlist No. 842.
Range : Northern Territory ?

1373. Poephila gouldiae gouldiae.

Amadina r/OKhliae Gould, Birds Austr. pt. xv. (vol. iii. pi. 88), June 1844 : Victoria River,
Northern Territory.

Synonym :

Poephila mirabiliK Des Murs, Icongr. Ornith. pi. iii. 184,5 : Raffles Bay, Northern Territory.

Goiildian Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 846 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, Nortli-West Anstralia.

1374. PoepMla gouldiae armitiana.

Poephila armitiana Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. X.S.W. vol. ii. pp. 70, 187. 1878 : Queensland.

Qneensland Gonldian Finch.
Matiiews, Handlist No. 846 (pars).
Range : Queensland.

( 433 )

iVo^(?.— Although Poephiln armitiana Ramsay was introduced for an aberra-
tion, it should be used for the Queensland race, which is distingnishable from the
typical form.

Genus ALISTEBAITUS nov.

The tail is square — none of the feathers are elongated.
Type : A. cenctus = Amadina ciiicta Gould.

13T5. Alisteranus cinctus cinctus.

Amadimi cincia Gould, Proc. Zmd. Sue. (Lund.) 1830. p. 10.'< (18.'i7) : Xew South Wales.

Synonym :

Poephila neglecta North, Rec. Austr. Miis. vol. v. p. 263. 1904 : New South Wales.

Black-throated Finch.

Mathews, Ilcair/list No. 843 (pars) and 848.
Range : New Soutli Wales.

1376. Alisteranus cinctus vinotinctus sulisp. n.

Pale Black-throated Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 843 (pars).

Differs from A. cinctus cinctus iu its paler coloration above and below, its
silvery head, and the breast pale rosy brown.
Type : Queensland (Inkerman).
Range : Queensland (Inkerman).

1377. Alisteranus cinctus atropygialis.

Poephila aO-npyglalis Castelnau and Ramsay, Prw: Linn. Soc. N.S. W. vol. i. p. 382. 1876 : Norman
River, Queensland.

Black-rumped Finch.

Matliews, Handlist No. 847 (pars).

Range : Queensland (Norman River).

1378. Alisteranus cinctus nigrotectus.

Pnephila iiirjrotecUt Hartert, Bull, Brit Orii. Chili vol. viii. p. lix. 1899 : Cape York, Queensland.

Cape York Black-rumped Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 847 (pars).
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

Genus ITEOCHMIA

Neoehmia Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Ar. vol. i. p. 458. 1850.

Type (by monotypy) : X. phaeton (Hombron and Jacciuinot).

1379. Neoehmia personata personata.

Poephila persunala Gould, Pror. Znnl. Soe. {/.uml.) 1842. p. IH : Xortliern Australia.

Masked Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 844 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory.

( 434 )

1380. Neochmia personata harterti siibsjs. n.
AVesteni JIaaked Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 844 (pars),

Differs from .V. /}. bckheri, its nearest ally, in its darker coloration above,
especially on the wings, and its rosier nnder-snrface.

Type : North-West Australia (Napier Broome Bayj, No. 5733.
Range : North-West Australia.

1381. Neochmia personata belcheri.

Poepliila jjer-iiDmlii hflrheri Mathews, ISidt. Biil. Orii. Cliili vol. xxvii. p. G8. 1911 : Parry's Creek,
North-West Australia.

Allied Masked Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 844 (pars).

Range : North-West Australia (Parry's Creek).

1382. Neochmia personata leucotis.

Poephila leucolix Gould, Proc. Znol. S„r. (Lunih) 1840. p. lOlI (1847) : River Lynd, Queensland.

White-eared Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 845.
Range : North Queensland.

1383. Neochmia phaeton phaeton.

Frhigilla pliaetmt Hombron and Jacquinot, Ann. Sci. Xnt. ser. ii. vol. xvi. p. 314. 1841 : Raffles
Bay, Northern Territory.

Crimson Finch.

Mathews, Handlist No. 849 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

1384. Neochmia phaeton iredalei subsp. n.
Pale Crimson Finch.
Mathews, Handlist No. 849 (pars).

Differs from N. p. phaeton in its much paler coloration above and below,
the dark head being only indicated.

Ty])e : Queensland (Rockhampton), No. 7304.
Range : North Queensland.

Famii.v ORIOLIDAE.
Genus OBIOLUS.

Oriolus Linni5, Si/sl. Nat. ed. xii. p. IGO. 17ti6.

Type (by subs, desig.) : 0. ffalbula Linn6.

1385. Oriolus sagittatus sagittatus.

Coraciax sar/iltata Latham, Index Ornilh. Suppl. p. xxvi. IHDl : New South Wales.
Synonyms :

Grarnhi riridis Latham, Index Ornilh. Supjil. p. xxviii. 1801 ; New South Wales.
Coraciai: striiitn Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. vii. p. 400. 1809 : New South Wales.
Ori'ihs rnriegauis Vieillot, N(,m\ Dirt. d'TIixt. Nat. vol. xviii. p. 19G. 1817 : New South Wales.
ifimetfK meruloidex Vigors and Horsfield, Trajia. Linn. Soc. {Land.) vol. xv. p. 327. 1826 : New
South Wales.

( 435 )

Australian Oriole.

Mathews, Handlist No. 850 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

138ri. Oriolus sagittatus subaffinis suhsji. n.
Queensland Oriole.
Mathews, Handlist No. 850 (pars).

Differs from O. s. sagittatus in its smaller size and more streaked upper-
surface.

Type : Oooktown, Queensland, No. 3574.
Range : North Queensland.

1387. Oriolus sagittatus affinis

Oriolus affinis Gould, Birds Ausfr. vol. i. Introd. p. liii, 1848 : Port Essington, Northern Territory.
Northern Oriole.

Mathews, Handlist No. 850 (pars).
Range : Northern Territory.

1388. Oriolus sagittatus blaauwi subsp. n.

North-Western Oriole.
Mathews, Handlist No. 850 (pars).

Paler than 0. s. affinis above and below, with less streaking on the nnder-
surface, and with a long black bill.

Type: Nurth-West Australia (Napier Broome Bay), No. 6217.
Range : North-Western Australia.

1389. Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus.

MimetesJIarociriotus King, Surr/'i/ Intertrop. Coasts Auslr. p. 4 111. l«2(i ; Northern Territory.

Yellow Oriole.

Mathews, Handlist No. 851 (pars).

Range : Northern Territory, North-West Australia.

1390. Oriolus flavocinctus kingi subsp. n.

Eastern Yellow Oriole.

Mathews, Handlist No. 851 (pars).

Differs from 0. f.Jiawcinctus in its lighter colnration : wing 152 mm.

Type: Uairns, Queensland, No. 3580.

Range : Queensland (Cairns).

1391. Oriolus flavocinctus madaraszi subsp. n.

Northern Yellow Oriole.

Mathews, Handlist No. 851 (pars).

Differs from ()■/. kingi in its smaller size : wing 142 mm.

Type : (Jooktown, Queensland, No. 3048.

Range : North Queensland.

( 4:?0 )

Genus SFHECOXHERES.

Sphecolheres Vieillot, Anuli/se iinur. Oni. p. 42. ISlfi.
Type (by monotypy) : S. eiri(/is Vieillot.

1 :{!)",'. Sphecotheres maxillaris niaxillaris

Timlxx iiKixiUnris Latham, Luhx Oniilh. Sii/i/d. p. xliii. 18U1 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Sphecotheres virescem Jardine and Selby, Jllusl. Oniilh. vol. ii. pi. 79. 182'J : Xew South Wales.
Sjihecothem grisea Lesson, Triille d'Omith. p. 351. 18,30 : New South Wales.
Sjiherotherex canicoUix Swainson, Aiiim. in Menag. p. 3"20. 18H7 : Xew South Wales.
Sjthecolheres aiislralis Gould, Blnlx Aiislr. vol. iv. pi. 15. 1848 : New South Wales.

Fig Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 852 (pars).

Range : New Sonth Wales.

1303, Sphecotheres maxillaris vieilloti.

Sphecotheres rieilloli Vigors and Horsheki, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Lond.) vol. .w. p. 215. 1826 : Keppel
Bay, Queensland.

Northern Fig Bird.

Mathews, Iluridlist No. 852 (pars).

Range : South Queensland.

1394. Sphecotheres flaviventris flaviventris,

Sphecotheres flavireutris Gould, Pror. Zool. Soc. (Land.) 1849. p. Ill : Cape York, Queensland.

Yellow-bellied Fig Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 853 (pars).
Range : North Queensland (Cape York).

1395. Sphecotheres flaviventris audoni subsp. u.
Allied Yellow-bellied Fig Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 853 (pars).

Larger than S. f. flaviventris.^ and brighter coloration below.

Type: Cairns, Queensland, No. fiilll.

Range : Queensland (Cairns).

1396. Sphecotheres flaviventris ashbyi subsp. u.
Northern Yellow-bellied Fig Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 853 (pars).

Much larger thaw S. f.flavicentris, and darker green above and below. ^Ving
157 mm.; typ. 14U-145 mm.

Type : Northern Territory (Alligator River), No. 5201.
Range: Northern Territory.

1307. Sphecotheres salvadorii stalkeri.

Sphecotheres slalk-ni Ingram, linll. Bnt. Orn. t'/ui, vol. xxi. p. 100. 1908: Mount Elliott, North
Queensland.

Gre3-throated Fig Bird,
liange : North Queensland.

( 437 )

Family DICRUEIDAE.
Genus DICRURUS.

D/cmriis Vieillot, *-«!■. Diet. d'HUf. Nal. vol. ix. p. 585. 1817.
Type (by mouotyjiy) : D. balicassius (Lmn6).

1398. Dicrurus bracteatus bracteatus.

Dicriii-us bnictealus Gould, Pi;x: Zool. Soc. (Lowl.) 1842. p. 132 (1843) ; Queensland.

Spangled Drongo.

Mathews, Ham/list No. 854 (pars).
Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

1399. Dicrurus bracteatus baileyi sulwp. n.

Northern Spangled Drongo.

Mathews, Ilandlist No. 854 (pars).

Differs from I), b. bracteatus in its larger wing— 161 mm.

Type: Alligator River, Northern Territory, No. 9370.

Range : Northern Territory.

Family EULABETIDAE.
Genus LAlSFBOCOItAX.

Lamprocorax Bonaparte, Comptes Remlus Sci. (Paris'), vol. xxxvii. p. 830. 1853.

Type (by orig. desig.) : L. ftdvipennis (Hombron et Jacqninot) = L. (/ramlis
Salvadori.

1400. Lamprocorax metallicus purpurascens.

Calornis purpurasceiis Gray, Handl. Gen. Sp. Birds pt. ii. p. 20. 1870 : Cape York.

Australian Shining Starling.
Mathew.s, Handlist No. 856 (pars).
Range : Queensland (Cape York).

1401. Lamprocorax metallicus sapphire subsp. n.

Sapphire Starling.

Mathews, Handlist No. 856 (pars).

Differs from L. 7n. purpurascens in having a thicker, deeper bill.

Type : Mount Sapphire, Queensland, No. 3628.

Range : North Queensland.

Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE.
Genus PTILONORHYNCHUS

Ptilonorhynchtta Kuhl, Beilr. vergl. Anal. p. 150. 1820.

Type (by monotypy) : F. violaceus (Vieillot).

( 438 )
1402. Ptilonorhynchus violaceus violaceus.

Pijrrh(jcorax vinlaeeus Tieillot, Xoiiv. Dirt, d'ffisl. Xal. vol. vi. p. 509. 1810 : Xew South Wales.
Synonyms :

Ptilminrhi/ii'liiis holnserlcus Kuhl. Beitr. ivri/l. Aiiut. p. 151). 1S'20 : New South Wales.
Ptilniinrfn/iicfinA iiKirlrai/ii Vigors and Horsfield. Tnitix. Chin. •^n'\ (^Lonii.) vol. xv. p. '2().3. 1>^20 :

New South Wales.
Ptiliiiifirhi/iichus iiiger Stephens, in Shaw's Gfn. Znol. vol. xiv. p. 72. 182G : Xew South Wales.
Pt'ihimirhiiwlius xquamuhixus Wagler, St/st. Ai\ Plihnin. sp. 2. 1827 : New South Wales.

Satin Bower Binl.

Mathews, Ilandliat No. SfiT (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

141)3. Ptilonorhynchus violaceus dulciae subsp. n.

Northern Satin Bower Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 857 (pars).

Differs from P. e. violaceus in its shorter wing — 160 mm.; typical birds
170-173 mm.

Type : Queensland, No. 4999.

Range : South Queensland, North New South Wales.

Genus SCEITOFOEETES.

Scenopoeeles Coues, Auk vol. viii. p. 115. 18'J1.

Type (by monotypy) : <S'. dentirostris i Ramsay).

1404. Scenopoeetes dentirostris.

Scenop'iPus dentirnstyh Ramsay, Pror. Znnl. So,: (Loml.) 1875. p. oVl : Bellenden Ker Range,
Queensland.

Tooth-billed Bower Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. S5S.

Range: Queensland (Bellcmleii Ker Range).

Genus AII.UKOEDUS.

AHuroedus Cabanis, ilus. Heine, vol. i. p. 213 note, 1851.

Type (by monotypy) : A. cnissiroslris (Paykull).

1405. Ailuroedus crassirostris crassirostris.

Latiins crasxirostris Paykull, Nov. Aft. Reg. Soe. Sci. Cpsal. vol. vii. p. 282. 1810: New South

Wales.
Synonyms :
Kittu rirexcpim Temminck and Laugier, Pimi. Color. d'Ois. vol. iv. C7' livr. pi. :i9(i. 1«2G ; New

South Wales.
Ptilonorhyiirhus smilliii Vigors and Horsfield, Traiix. Linn. Soc. (Loml.) vol. xv. p. 2G4. 182C ; New

South Wales.
Plihnorlajnchus rirldis Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xiv. p. 7'2. 1826 : New South Wales.

Cat Bird.

Mathews, llamllist No. 859 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

Note. — As Robinson and Laverock {Ibis 190o. ji. iVi'i) pointed out, Gracula
viridis Latham was used in the Cat. Birds Brit. Miis. for two different birds, and

( 439 )

they allotted it to tliis species duly. The description, however, does not apply,
and reference to the type-drawing shows it to be dearly founded on the Oriole,
0. sngiUatus Latham, which name has priority, and of which ciridis becomes an
absolute synonym.

14ii(i. Ailuroedus crassirostris blaauwi subsp. n.

Richmond Uiver Cat Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 8.")9 (pars).

Diflers from ^1. c. crassirostris in its darker coloration above and below,
especially on the throat and abdomen.

Type : Richmond River, New South Wales, No. 3645.

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales (Richmond River District).

141)7. Ailuroedus melanotus maculosus.

Aeliiroedus maculosug Ramsay, Prw. Znul. fiuf. {Lund.) 1874. p. ijijl : Rockingham Bay, Queensland.
Spotted Cat Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 86U.
Range : North Queensland.

Genus CHLAMYDERA.

Chlamt/dera Gould, Birds Austr. and Adj. l.^l. pt. i. pi. 3 note. 1837.
Type (by monotypy) : C. maculata (Gould).

1408. Chlamydera maculata maculata.

Ctdudera inartdatu Gould, Hynops. Bird.f Austr. pt. i. pi. 6. 1837 : New South Wales.

Spotted Bower Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 8(31 (pars).

Range: Queensland, New South Wales.

14111). Chlamydera maculata occipitalis.

C'hlaiiii/ilcni uccipltalh Gould, Ann. Mnii. Nat. Ui.it. ser. iv. vol. xvi. p. 429. 1875 : North Queensland.
Large-frilled Bower Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 861 (pars).
Range : Queensland.

141(1. Chlamydera maculata clelandi subsp. n.
Yellow-billed Bower Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 861 (pars).

Differs from ('. m. maculata in its smaller bill, whicli is light-coloured, its paler
nuchal crest, and its redder abdomen.
Type : South Australia, No. 3656.
Range : South Australia.

1411. Chlamydera maculata guttata.

Chlamydera rjiiUuta Gould, /';■.«•. Zuot. Sue. (Lund.) 18(5.!. p. IIJ'J : North- West Australia.

Yellow-spotted Bower Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 862 (pars).
Range : North-West Australia.

( 440

1412. Chlamydera maculata subguttata subsi). n.

Pale-spotted Bower Bird.
Miithews, Handlist No. 8(52 (pars).

Differs from C m. guttata in its much paler upper and lower coloration, and
especially in its grey head.

Type : AVest Australia (East Mnrchison), No. 388T.
Range: Mid Westralia.

1413. Chlamydera nuchalis nuchalis.

Ptilonorhynchun iiwhalis .Tardine and Selby, lllnst. Oriiuh. vol. ii. pi. ciii. 1830 : Eastera Australia
(North Queensland).

Synonym :
Chlamydodem orientulis Gould, Ann. Hag. Xiit. Hist. ser. v. vol. iv. p. 74. 1879: North Queens-
land.

Great Bower Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 864.
Range : North Qaeensland.

1414. Chlamydera nuchalis oweni subsp. n.

Western Great Bower Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 863.

Differs from C. n. nuchalis in its larger size and paler coloration, especially on
the head, which is uniform, not speckled with white.

Type : North-West Australia (Point Torment), No. 8678.
Range : North- West Australia, Northern Territory.

141.'). Chlamydera cerviniventris cerviniventris.

Chlamijdera cervinicentris Gould, Fi-or. Zuul. Sue. {Lnml.) 1850. p. 201 (1851): Cape York, North
Australia.

Fawn-breasted Bower Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 865.
Range : North Queensland.

Genus SEBICULUS.

Sericulus Swainson, Zuol. Junrn. vol. i. p. 47(). 1825.

Type (by monotypy) : .S'. rhri/socephalus (Bensley).

14 Ui. Sericulus chrysocephalus chrysocephalus.

Melipluiga chri/noeijilKilii Bensley, in Lewiu's Birda of New Holland pi. iv. 1808 : New South
Wales.

Synonyms :

Orioltis reijetu Quoy and Gaimard, Vny. Urnnie and Phi/sir. Zvol. p. 105. 1825 : New South Wales.
SericiduH miignirostris Gould, Sijnoj}.i. Birds AuKii: pt. iv. app. p 3. 1838 : New South Wales —
Tasmania is an error.

Regent Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 866 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

( 441 )

1417. Sericulus chrysocephalus rothschildi subsp. n.
Northern Regent Bird.

Mathews, Ifandlist No. 866 (pars).

Difters iroiu ;5. c. ckri/soa'jjhalus in the richer oranye-red coloration of the head
and the brighter colour on the wings, and the blue-black coloration of the back and
uuder-surface.

Type: South Queensland (Blackall Ranges), No. 3670.

Range : Queensland.

Genus PBIONODXJRA.

rrionodura De Vis, Pror, Linn. Sue. A'.;>'.)r. vol. vli. p. 501. 188,i.
Type (by mouotypy) : F. newtoniana De Vis.

141 s. Prionodura newtoniana.

Prionodura nevotoniana De Vis, Prur. Linn. Sue N.S. ]V. vol. vii. p. 562. 1883 : TuUy River Scrubs,
Queensland.

Golden Bower Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. 867.
Range : North Queensland.

Family PARADISEIDAE.
Genus FTILOBIS.

Pti!ori.s Swainson, Zovl. Journ. vol. i. p. 479. 1825.

Type (by mouotypy) : F. paradisea Swainson.

14 ly. Ptiloris paradisea paradisea.

Ptiluris iniradiseiix Swainson, Zool. .fourn. vol. i. p. 481. 1825: North New South Wales.

Synonyms :
Epiniadms regius Lesson, Toy. CmjuilU Zool. vol. i. p. 6(17. 1830: Port Macquarie, New South

Wales.
Efinmclius brislianii Wilson, lUus. Zool. pi. xi. 1831 : Port Maocjuarie, New South Wales. Type,

in the Edinburgh Museum, examined.

Rifle Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 868.

Range : South Queensland, New South Wales.

14:Jii. Ptiloris paradisea victoriae.

Ptiloris vicioriac Gould, Pior, Zool. Sor. (Loud.) 1849. p. Ill ; Barnard Isles, Queensland.

Lesser Rifle Bird.
Mathews, Handlist No. S69.
Range: North Queensland.

1421. Ptiloris magnifica alberti.

Ptiloris alberti Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc, {Lnnil.) 1871. p. 583 : Cape Vork, Queensland.

Cape York Rifle Bird.

Mathews, Handlist No. 87U.
Range : North Queensland.

( 442 )

Genus FHONTGAMMUS.

Phoiiygamnaus Lessou and Garnot, in Ferussac's Dull. Sri. j\al. vol. viii. p. 110. 182f).
T^'pe (by monotvpy) : /'. keraudrenii (Lesson).

1422. Phony gammus keraudrenii gouldii.

Manwodia gouldii Gray, Proc. Zoo!. Sor. {Ln/nl.) 185'J. p. 158 note : Cape York, Queensland.

Anstralian Manucode.
Mathews, llanillist No. 871.
Range : North Queensland.

Family CORVIDAE.
Genns CORVUS.
Conms Linne, Sij^t. Nat. ed. x. p. 105. 1758.

Type (by tantonymy) : C. corax Linn6.

1423. Corvus coronoides coronoides.

Corvns coronoides Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Liiiii. Sor. (/,o«(/.) vol. xv. p. 261. 1826: New
South Wales.

Eastern Crow.

Mathews, Handlist No. 872 (pars).

Range : New South Wales.

1424. Corvus coronoides cecilae subsp. n.
North-Western Crow.
Mathews, Handlist No. 872 (pars).

Differs from C. c. coronoides iu its smaller size : wing 355-6 mm. (the tyj)e of
C. c. coronoides 361 mm.) (but the average is over 370 mm.).
Type: North-West Australia, No. 6211.
Range : North-West Australia.

1425. Corvus coronoides perplexus subsp. n.
South-Western Crow.

Differs from C. c. coronoides in its much smaller size : wing 314-327 mm.
Type : Perth, West Australia, No. 3721.
Range : South-West Australia.

1420. Corvus bennetti bennetti.

Corvm heiitietti North, Vict. Naturalixl vol. xvii. p. 170. I'.tOl ; Moolah, Western New South Wales.

Small-billed Crow.

Mathews, Handlist No. 873.

Range : New South Wales, South Australia.

1427. Corvus bennetti bonhoti subsp. u.

Western Small-billed Crow.

Differs I'rum C. b. bennetti in its smaller size generally: wing 295 mm.

Tyi)e : Murchison, West Australia, No. 5176.

RaiJKe : W est Australia.

( 443 )

1428. Corvus bennetti queenslandicus snbsp. u.
Queenslaiul Small-billed ( "rnw.

Ditfers from ('. h. In'iineUi in haviug a deeper and stouter bill and thicker
tarsi.

Type : Queensland, No. 4724.
Range: Queensland.

142'.). Corvus marianae marianae.

OimiiK mnrintiae Mathews, Eiini vol. x. p. 32(5. 1911 : (Gosford) New Si\ith \V:iles.

Raven.

MatLews, Handlist No. 874 (pars).
Type : Gosford, No. 7084.
Range : New Sonth Wales.

14:!ii. Corvus marianae mellori snbsp. n.
iSontberu Raven.

Differs from G. m. marianae in its smaller size Cwing 32'i-33ii mm.), and from
C. b. bennetti in the grey bases to the featliers.
Type : Sonth Anstralia, No. .")724.
Range : Victoria, Sontli Anstralia, Sonth- AVest Anstralia.

1431. Corvus marianae halmaturinus subsp. n.
Kangaroo Island Raven.

Differs from G. m. mellori in its smaller size : wing 291 mm.
Type : Kangaroo Island, Sonth Anstralia, No. 3725.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

1432. Corvus marianae tasmanicus snbsp n.
Tasmaniau Raven.

Differs from C. m. mariana,e in its mnuh longer bill : (17 mm. ; typical marianae
5K-60 mm.

Type : Tasmania, No. 3719.
Range : Tasmania.

Genus STKEFERA.
Slirpeva Lesson, Traile rfOrmlh. p. 32!l. 1830.

Ty|ie (by tautonymy) : .9. yraculina (White).

1433. Strepera graculina graculina.

Coram gmriiliinis White, Jniirii. Vmj. Xfii; Sniitli Wnhs p. 2.51. 17U() : New South Wales.

Synonym :

Coraclas sirepem Latham, fiidcr Oniilh. vol. i. p. 173. 179(1 : New South Wales.
Pied ( 'row Shrike.
Mathews, Handlist No. 87o (pars).
Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

1434. Strepera graculina robinsoni subsp. n.
Northern Pied CJrow Shrike.
Mathews, Handlist No. 876 (pars).

3U

( 444 )

Dififers from S. </. graculiiia in its smaller size : wing 240—247 mm.
Type: North gueeiislaiid, No. 428T.
Kange: North Queensland.

1435. Strepera melanoptera melanoptera.

iilm-en, mdannpla-o Gould, /',•".. Z.,nl. Soc. (Lm„l.) 1846. p. 20 : South Australia.

Black-winged Crow Shrike.

aiathews, /f'l/u/lisf No. 8T7 (pars).
Range : .South Australia.

UHii. Strepera melanoptera halmaturina siibsp. n.

Kangaroo Island ("row Shrike.
Mathews, Hanc/lisf No. s7T (pars).

Ditlers from S. m. mdaiwptera in its smaller size and darker coloration above:
wing 267 — 273 mm. ; typ. 290 mm.
Type: Kangaroo Island, No. 3731.
Range : Kangaroo Island.

14:i7. Strepera melanoptera howei subsp, n.

Victorian Black-winged t'row Shrike.

Differs from -S'. m. melanoptera in its paler coloration above and below.

Type : Kow Plains, Victoria, No. 4518.

Range : Victoria.

1438. Strepera versicolor versicolor.

Con-us versicolor Latham, lmle.c Ondlh. S.ppl. p. kkv. 1801 : New South Wales.

Synonyms :

CV«./;c-«.s cu.,ara,uk,n,-. VieiUot, .V..-.. DH. d'Hi^i. Nat. vol. v. p. 35f,. 1816 : Xew South Wales
Burita anaiMuesis Temmiock and Laugier, Phn. Color. cFOis. vol. in. 4b' livr. te.xt to Banta, pi. - - i.
1824 : New South Wales.

Grey Crow Shrike.

Mathews, Handlist No. 878 (pars).

Range : Queensland, New South Wales.

1439. Strepera versicolor arguta.

Strepera arguta Gould, Pro,:. Zool. Soc. (I.ond.) 1S4C,. p. I'J : Tasmauia.

Hill Crow Shrike.
Mathews, Handlist No. 876.
Range: Tasmauia.

1440. Strepera versicolor vieilloti subsp. n.

Dark Grey Crow Shrike.

Mathews, HandllM No. 878 (pars).

Differs from C. c. versicolor in ils darker coloration above and below, witU a

Icinger bill.

Type : Victoria, No. 9044.

Range : Victoria, South Australia.

(445)
1441. Strepera versicolor intermedia.

Strepera iiitermriUa Sharpe, Cat. liinls Bill, iliis. vol. iii. p. 59. 1877 : South Australia. (Type
examined.)

Synouym :

Strepera fu.sca Ashby, Emu vol. v. p. 27. 1905 : Eyre's Peninsula, South Australia. (Type
examined.)

Brown Crow Shrike.

Mathews, Handlist No. 880.
Rauge : South Australia.

1442. Strepera versicolor plumbea.

Strepera, plumhea Gould, Pror. Znol. Sue. (Loud.) 184l'i. p. 20 : Western Australia.

Leaden Crow Shrike.
Mathews, Handlist No. 87'j.
Range : West Australia.

1443. Strepera fuliginosa.

C'irnnwa fitligiiwm Gould, Syiiops. Birds Aiistr. pt. i. pi. 5. 1837 : Tasmania.

Black Crow Shrike.
Marhews, Handlist No. 881.
Range : Tasmania, King Island.

Genus STBUTHIDEA.

Strutliidea Gould, Synops. Birds Austr. pt. i. pi. 9. 18.^7.
Type (by monotypy) : S. cinerea Gould.

1444. Struthidea cinerea cinerea.

Struthidea chwrea Gould, Synops, Birds Aiislr. pt. i. pi. 9. 18:^7 : Interior Xew South Wales.

Grey Jumper.

Mathews, Handlist No. 8S2 (pars).

Range : New South Wales, Victoria.

1445. Struthidea cinerea swainsoni suhsp. n.
Dark Grey Jumper.
Matliews, Handlist No. 882 (pars).

Diil'ers from 'S'. c. cineren in its darker coloration above and below.
Type : Queensland, No. 3741.
Range : Queensland.

Genns COBCOKAX.

C'ucwra.c Lesson, Trade d' Or nith. p. 324. 1830.

Type (by raouotyjiy) : (^. melanoramphos (Vieillot).

14411. Corcorax melanoramphos melanoramphos.

Coraeia iMluniiramphos Vieillot, X'lnr. Dirl. iVIIisl. Xat. vol. viii. p. 2. 1K17 : New South Wales

Synonyms :
PyrrUocorax leuropterus Temmiuck, .\[aii. d'Oni. vol. i. p. 121. 1820 ; New South Wales.
Curcorax australis Lesson, Traite d'Oni. p. 324. 1830 : New South Wales.

( 446 )

White-wiuged ('hongb.

Mathews, Handlist No. s.Sli (pars).

Range : Queeuslaiid, New Sontli Wales.

1447. Corcorax melanoramphos subniger subsj). n.

Victorian Wiiite-wingcd Clionyb.
Matbews, Handlist No. 8S3 (pars).

DitTers from C. m- melanoramjjlios in being slightly smaller, and iu being
darker aliove and below.

T}{)e : Victoria, No. oUliU.
Range : Victoria.

1448. Corcorax melanoramphos whiteae snbsp. n.

Sonthern White-winged Chough.

Mathews, Handlist No. s83 (pars).

Differs from C. m. melanoramphos in having a shorter bill — 'M\ mm.

T)i)e : Ej-re's Peninsula, South Australia, No. 9503.

Range : Sonth Australia.

ADDENDA.

S9a. Porzana plumbea roberti snbsp. n.
Western Spotless Crake.
Mathews, Handlist No. 5.!) (pars).

Differs from P. p. immaculata in having the chestnut of the back much lighter,
and the head darker.

Type : West Australia, No. 9870.
Range : West Anstralia.

L'9oa. Chenopis atrata roberti subsp. n.

Western Black Swan.

Mathews, Handlist No. 216 (pars).

Differs from C. a. atrata in being much darker and smaller : wing 466 mm.

Type : West Australia, No. 4466.

Range : West Australia.

294a. Coreopsis novaehollandiae georgi subsii. n.

Western Cape Barren (Joose.
Mathews, Handlist No. 22i) (pars).

Differs from C. n. novaehollandiae in its darker coloration and larger size.
Wing 491 mm. ; tarsus 110 mm.
Type : West Anstralia, No. 4469.
Range : Islands south-east of West Australia.

No. 43 (p. 184): add North- West Australia to the range oi Mi/rist/cicora bicolor
spilorrhoa.

No. 824 (p. 338) : for " Differs from C. c. campestris" read " Differs from
C. c. ruhiyinosus."

( 447 )

A LIST OF THE BIRDS OF THE PHILLH'IAN SUB-REGION

Which do not occur in Australia.
(Appendix to Mathews' " Reference List to the Birds of Australia ").

Family HALLIDAE.
Geuns TRICHOLIMITAS.

Tikhiilimiuis Sharpe, Bull, lliit. Urn. Club vol. i. p. xxviii. 1S'J3.

Type (by orig. desig.) : T. lafresnayawn (Verreanx and l)cs Mnrs).
1. Tricholimnas sylvestris.

(.h-ydi-iiiiiux sijleeslri.1 Sclater, Pror. Znnl. Stir. (Lmul.) 1860. p. 472 : Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Rail.

Range : Lord Howe Island.

Family BUBONIDAE.

~. Ninox boobook albaria.

Ninnx (ilharia Kamsay, Tab. List Austr. Birds p. 37. 1888 : Lord Howe Island.

Ix)rd Howe Owl.

Mathews, Ila?i(/list No. 284.

Range : Lord Howe Island.

3. ? Ninox undulata.

iS7)v> uuduluta Latham, hidf.c Omilh. Sujijd. p. xvii. 1801 : Norfolk Island.

Norfolk Island Owl.
Range : Norfolk Island.

Family CACATOIDAE
Genus PLATTCERCUS

4. Platycercus elegans nobbsi.

Plalycerrits iirimaidii var. nnbbsi Tristram, Ibis 1886. p. 49 : Norfolk Island.

Norfolk Island Crimson Parrot.
Range : Norfolk Island.

5. Platycercus novaezelandiae verticalis.

Psittacus verticalis Latham, Imlcc (Jrnitli. Siippl. p. xxii. No. '.). 1801 : Norfolk Island.

Synonyms :
Platycercus coolcii Gray, List Spec. Birds Brit. .Uiis. pt. iii. sect. ii. p. 13. 1859 : Norfolk Island.
Plati/rercus nv/>irri Gray, Ibis 1862. p. 228 : Norfolk Island.

Norfolk Island Green Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. :i()9.
Range : Norfolk Island.

( 448 )

Family ALCKDIXIDAE.

Genns HALCYON'.

0. Halcyon sanctus vagans.

Ake^o ragiDix Lesson, r<.//. Coijiullr Zml. vol. i. p. Il'.l4. 18:ill: Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

Sj'UOIiym :
Halcyon nurfolkifiixix Tristram, lb>s ISHfj. p. 4'.t : Norfolk Island.

AYanderint!: Kiiifffislier.

Mathews, Handlist No. 393.

Range : Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island (New Zealand).

Family CUCl'LTDAE.
Genus EUDYNAMTS.

7. Eudynamys taitensis.

Cuculus laiteimix Sparrman. .lA/(.«. Curhaii. Fiixr. ii. Xo. x.xxii. 1787 : Tahiti.

Synonyms :
Cuciilun tahitiu.i Gmelin, Si/kI. Xal. p. 412. 1788 : Society Islands.
CuailiiK per/aim Vieillot, Xour. Did. (Tllixt. Nat. vol. viii. p. 2,S-.'. 1817 : Tahiti.
Cuculus fiini'idtiia Forster, Descr. Anim. ed. Licht. p. IGO. 1844 : Tahiti.

Eiahjnainns ciinelcawh Peale, "U.S. Exp!.'E.rp. Zool. -p. 1,^9. 1848"; cf. 2ad ed. p. 248. IS.'JS :
Figi (Ovolau Island).

Long-tailed Cnckoo.

Range: Norfolk Island. Extralimital, bnt not Australia.

Family MUSCICAPIDAE.

Genns FETBOICA.

8. Petroica multicolor multicolor.

Muscicajm niiilliclur Gmelin, Sysl. Xnl. p. 'J44. 1789 : Xorfolk Island.

Synonyms :
Muscicapa erylhriii/axtra Latham, Iiulcr Oniilh. vol. ii. p. 479. 1791) : Norfolk Island.
Petroica moilexln Gould, Syiinjin. Birds Auslr. pt. iv. App. p. 3. 1838 : Norfolk Island.
Petroica puhhilla Gould, Pr„c. Zunl. Soc. (Loml.) 1839. p. 142 (18411) ; Norfolk Island.
Miiecicapa diijajilia Forster, De.icr. Anim. ed. Licht. p. 267. 1844 ; Norfolk Island.

Norfolk Island Robin.
Mathews, Ifnit/lisf No. 441.
Range : Norfolk Island.

Genus GERYGONE.
'■I. Gerygone insularis.

Gerygoiie iiixuhiris Rimsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. X.S.W. vol. iii. p. 117. 1878 : Lord Howe Island.

Synonym :
Gerygoiie thorpri Ramsay, Pioc. Linn. Soc. X.S. 11'. ser. ii. vol. ii. p. 677. 1887 : Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Flyeater.

Mathews, Handlist Nos. 4.53, 458.

Range : Lord Howe Island.

( 449 )

1". Gerygone mathewsae nom. n.
Synonym :
Gerygone moihsta Pelzeln (not fiould), Sitz. I.-. Alvd. Wien. vol. xli. p. 320. IHliO : Norfolk Island.
Norfolk Island Flyeater.
Matlu'ws, Handlist No. 454.
Range : Norfolk Island.

Genns FACHYCEFHALA.

11. Pachycephala gutturalis contempta.

Pacliycephiila contempta Hartert, llnU. Bnt. Dm. Club vol. viii. p. .w. 1898 ; Lord Howe Island.
Synonym :

rurhipephala Iiooemis North, liiv. Aush: Miis. vol. v. p. 12.'). 1',I03 : Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Thickhead.
Mathews, llaiidUst No. 668.
Range : Lord Howe Island.

12. Pachycephala gutturalis xanthoprocta.

Pnrhytephihi jranthnpnirln Gould, Synnjin. lihih Anxlr. pt. iii. pi. 5.0. IS'iX : Norfolk Island.

Synonym :

Parlijicephiila lomjiroslnt Gould, Symps. Binlx Atislr. pt. iii. pi. 55. 1838 : Norfolk Island.

Norfolk Island Thickhead.
Mathews, Handlist No. 678.
Range : Norfolk Island.

Genus BHIFIDUBA.

13. Rhipidura flabellifera pelzelni.

IthijiUlura peheliu Gray, Ibis 18112. p. 220 : Norfolk Lslaad.

Synonym :
RhipUlura asshnilix Pelzeln (not Gray), Sllz. I.-. Abiil. ll'/Vn. vol. xli. p. 320. 181)1) : Norfolk Island.

Norfolk Island Fautail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 481.
Range : Norfolk Island.

14. Rhipidura flabellifera cervina.

Rliipidiii-a cervina Ramsay, I'roc. I. inn. S,ji-. ^Y.N.IC. vol. iii. p. 340. 1.S78 : Lord Howe Island.

Synonym :
Rhipidura macgillivrayi Sharpe, Pnn: Znol. Soc. (Limil.) 1881. p. 789 : Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Fantail.
Mathews, Handlist No. 482.
Range : Lord Howe Island.

F.^MiLY CAMP0PHA6IDAE.

Genus LALAGE.

l-i. Lalage naevia leucopyga.

Sijniinurpliiis /eiicnjiyijn.-: Gould, Symi/i.i. linih Anstr. pt. iv. Ap|i. p. .'!. 1838 : Norfolk Island.

Synonym :

Campephaga hnglcaudutu Pelzeln, Sitz, I:. Alcad. Wien. vol. xli. p. 321. 18G0 ; Norfolk Island.

( 450

Norfolk Island Caterpillar Catcher.
Mathews, Handlist No. 512.
Range : Norfolk Island.

Family TURDIDAE.

Genns TTTBDUS.

10. Turdus xanthopus vinitinctus.

Meriila viiiilincla Gould, Proc. Zuol. Soc. {Lnml.) 18.i5. p. llij : Lord Howe Island

Vinons-tinted Blackbird.
Mathews, IfamUist Xo. 54U.
Range : Lord Howe Island.

17. Turdus fuliginosus fuliginosus.

Turdus ftirighiostis Latham, Iiahx Oniilh. Siqij,!. p. xlii. ISiH : Norfolk Island.

Synonyms :
Turdus pnlincephaJm Latham, Index Ornilh. Snppl. p. xliv. IHOl : Norfolk Island.
Merula neslnr Gould, Pmc. Ziml. See. (Lond.) 1835. p. 181) : Norfolk Island. R. Murrumbidgee is
an error.

Grej'-headed Blackbird.
Mathews, Ilancllist No. 541.
Range : Norfolk Island.

Family ZOSTEROPIDAE.
Genns ZOSTER.OFS.

18. Zosterops albogularis.

Zosteropn albogularis Gould, Pmc Zool. Soc. (Laud.) 183G. p. 75 (1837) : Norfolk Island.

"White-breasted White Eye.
Mathews, Ihvidlist No. 719.
Range : Norfolk Island.

19. Zosterops tenuirostris.

Zosterops tenuirostris Gould, Proc. Zuol. Soc. (Lond.) 1836. p. 76 (1837) : Norfolk Island.

Slender-billed White-eye.
Mathews, Ilandli.-tt No. 720.
Range : Norfolk Island.

•Jii. Zosterops strenua.

Zosterops strenuus (iouUl, Pr„c. Zuol. Soc. (Lond.) 1855. p. lOG ; Lord Howe Island.

Robnst White-eye.
Mathews, Handlist No. 718.
Range : Lord Howe Island.

Note.— I have shown {ante, p. 386) that the ts\-,e oi Zosterojis tephropleurn
Gonld is the same as Z. chlorocepkala Campbell and White, and that the Lord
Howe habitat is probably wrong. As I can trace no recent examples, I omit, for
the present, this bird from the Lord Howe Island List.

( 451 )

It seems strange that these large species of Zosfero/js have never been
separated, as they can certainly not be considered typical. The species Znsterops
strerma Gonid, for which I propose the genus name Nesozosterops (nov.) disagrees
with the characters given as diagnostic of the family in the Cat. ISirds Brit. Mtis.,
inasmuch as the very long bill is longer than the head.

Family EULABETTDAE.
Genus AFLONIS:

Ajilonis Gould, Pror. Zoul. Sor. {Loud.) 1836. p. 73.

Type (by subs, desig.) : A. fuscus (Gould).

21. Aplonis fuscus fuscus.

Aj/lonixfiisca Gould, Pror. Zool. Sue. (Lnml.) 1830. p. 73 ; Norfolk Island.

Norfolk Island Starling.
Mathews, Hanflli.-it No. 8.55 (pars).
Range : Norfolk Island.

22. Aplonis fuscus huUianus subsp. n.

Lord Howe Starling.

Mathews, Handlist No. 855 (pars).

Differs from A. f. /uncus in being French-grey below, darker above, head
slightly glossy, with the bill stouter : wing 100 mm., cnlmen 19 mm., tarsus 25 mm.,
tail 71 mm.

Type: Lord Howe Island, No. 9301.

Range : Lord Howe Island.

Family CORVIDAE.
Genns STREFERA.

23. Strepera graculina crissalis.

Strepera crissalis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. vol. iii. p. 58. 1877 ; Lord Howe Island.

Lord Howe Crow Shrike.

Mathews, Handlist No. 875 (pars).
Range : Lord Howe Island.

The following birds have become e.^tinct within recent times, but as specimens
have been preserved I give their nomenclature.

Family TRERONIDAE.
Genus HEMIFHAGA.

Hpmiphu(ja Bonaparte, Compfes Rendus Sri. {^l^itri^i) vol. .\xxix. p. 1070. 18.')4.
Type (by orig. desig.) : H. novaeseelandiae (Gmelin).

( 4f)2 )
1. Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea

Cnli/mba yxulicea Latham, /inhj- Oniilh. Siipp). p. Ix. No. 7. l^ttl : Norfolk IshitiH,
Synonyms :

Cnlnmhn i/njus Ranzani, Ehni. Ziml. vol. iii. pt. i. p. 2'-'.'j. 18J1 : Norfolk Islaiul.
Cnliimhit IriimgaHtfr Wagler, Sijxl. Ai: Culunih. sp. !•_'. \Xi~i : Norfolk IsIaTid.
Ci'hiiiibii /tiinreps Vigors, Pruc. Zonl. Soc. {Lund.) Wid. p. 78 ; Norfolk Isliiul.

Norfolk Island Pigeon.
Hiinge : Norfolk Island.

Family R.ALLIDAE.
Genus FORFHYBIO.

2. Porphyrio albus.

FuVira alha White, Jtmni. Voy. New Smilli ]r,i!rs p. 238. 17'.lil : I-ord Howe I^lanil

AVhite Gallinule.
Mathews, Handlist No. G3.
Range : Lord Howe Island.

Family NESTORIDAE.

Genus NESTOR.

Ni'slor Lep.son, Tmite <l'Ornilh. p. IIMI. 1830.

Type (by monotypy) : N. meridionalis (Gmeliii).

3. Nestor productus.

PlUCtoloiihmpruduclas Gould, Prm-. Zouh Hoc. (I.umt.) \X'6i\. p. I'.l : Philip Island (Norfolk Island).

Synonym :

Nextor nmfolcemix Pelzeln, Sih. k. Akml. Wirn. vol. xli. p. S'-'L'. 1800 : Norfolk Island.

Long-billed Parrot.

Mathews, Handlist Nos. 'M'J — 3UU.

Range: Norfolk Island.

Family CACATOIDAE.
Genus PLATTCEBCUS.

4. Platycercus novaezelandiae subflavescens.

Ci/aiKir/uiiiipliiis suhflaveKcens Salvador!, Ann. May. Ku/. Hist. ser. vi. vol. vii. p. (i8. 1891 : Lord
Howe Island.

Lord Howe Green Parrot.
Mathews, Handlist No. 370.
Range : Lord Howe Island.

In the preceding List, consistently with my views already fully expressed in
this Journal (vol. -xvii. pp. 492-3; vol. xviii. pp. 1-22), I have rejected tlie generic
names commonly illegally in use "ex Brissoii." Since the List was i)reiiared the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature have i)uli!ished Opinion 37,
which decides that Brissou's generic names are available under the Code. Inasmuch
as the Commission did not consider the point I raised in the Nov. Zool. vol. xviii.
p. 2, it seems clear that as this matter cannot yet be absolutely decided, I mnst

( 453 )

a,9;ain point out that the meaning of the word '' hiiian/" in Article 25 is fjoverned
b}' the interpretation of that word in Article 'i(') ; and the interpretation of the word
" binary " in Article 26 is contrary to the meaning given to that word by the
International Commission. These are facts, and it has been snggested by sup-
porters of the Brissonian genera that, inasmnch as the argnments produced by
me were unanswerable, the wording of Article 26 must be altered. Is further
discussion necessary ? It would appear that prejudice has not been eliminated in
dealing with this question, as the Opinion was written by Allen, who has already
contributed Articles in defence of Brisson, and the statement occurs : " His generic
names have availabilit}' under the Code, (ind hare also had almost universal
recognition since they were proposed"

Thus enters the "law of general consent" as a valid reason for the trans-
gression of the Coded Laws, and once more is the security of our nomenclature
threatened.

It is important that the Commission should render their Opinions in accordance
with the strict letter of the Laws and not allow sentiment to enter into their minds.
I would recall that every unprejudiced writer who has investigated the Brissonian
genera has declared their illegality, and moreover that the majority of the thinkers
who have used Brisson have had qualms as to their justification in doing so. How
can the following be reconciled ?

Akticle 26. — "The tenth Edition of Liune's S>/stema Naturae, 1758, is the
work which inaugurated the consistent general application of the binary nomen-
clature in zoology. The date 1758, therefore, is accepted as tlie starting-point of
zoological nomenclature and of the Law of Priority." Any other interpretation of
binary than binomial is here impossible.

Why was the Xth Edition of Linne selected?

Because that Edition was the Jirst in which Linne consistently used binomials
in his nomenclature.

It might be recorded that the first supjiorter of the Commission's meaning of
binary was a systematist who wrote seventy years ago and who was more logical
than the Commission. I refer to George Robert Gray, who accojited Liune's
Xllth Edition as regards specific names, but consistently argued that generic names
should be accepted from Linn^'s 1st Edition, wherein Linne adoi)ted a binary nomen-
clature. In view of the Commission's reading of binary, should not the date 1735
be accepted for the commencing point of zoological nomenclature as regards generic
names ? As I have noted, if Article 2 can be construed partim, the above is the
logical conclusion. The absurdity of such a proposition is, I hope, evident, but the
Commission's Opinion has made it ])Ossible for such corollaries to be adduced.

Now the absolnte acceptance of the meaning of the word binary as binomial
obviates all such difficulties, and would be in accordance with the Coded Laws and
not contrary to them, as the alternative course is. I want this Commission to
consider that each Opinion is simply for use as a precedent, and that it should be
so worded that workers can easily follow the argnments there produced to a logical
conclusion without further recourse. At the present time each Opinion raises doubt
as to ever reaching finality. The Code, as worded, gives very little cause for
misinterpretation, but some of the Opinions have given me much consideration,
and as I have touched upon the Opinions I would here add some comments I have
noted.

One of the matters that will proba biy come up for an Ojiiuiou is that con-

( 4r.4 )

cerning the " Oken " names, whieli I have declined to recognise, but some of whioh
appear in the American Ornithological Union's Check-Lint.

Opinion 19 contains a certain reference which indicates that the Commission
will advise their recognition: viz., '^ Plesio/ig C>ken's /.s/.s 1817 [p. 11^3] is clearly
a quoted name taken from PIcsio/js Caviar. Its status remains the same as iu
Cnvier 1817, but no question can now arise as to its not being in Latin form."

This follows the clause: "Accordingly, while Plesiops, despite the French
accent, might be interpreted as published as a Latin generic name." Note that
Cnvier wrote " Les Plesiops." This sentence implies that if any one were to accejit
Cuvier's French names they might be sanctioned. 1 have never heard any indi-
vidual dare to suggest such a thing, yet the Commission gravely publish this
statement and write of "Plesiops 1817," but do not state whether they are using
Cuvier's French name or Okeu's latinised form. But they conclude : " No question
can now arise as to its not being in Latin form."

What an extraordinary conclusion ! Now let us have some facts regarding the
very points at issue between the A.O.U. and myself.

Cnvier, in the Rnjue Animid. vol. i. 1810 divided the Ducks as follows:

Le grand genre (

les Canards {Anati, Lin.), p. 528, and indicated as sections

p. 528 :

Les Cygnes {CijgnKs, Meyer).

p. 530 :

„ Oies {Anser, Briss.).

,, Oies proprement dites.

p. 531 :

„ Bernaches.

p. 532 :

„ Canards proprement dits {Anas, Meyer).

„ Macreuses.

p. 533:

„ Garrots.

p. 534 :

„ Eiders.

,, Millouins.

p. 536 :

„ Souchets.

„ Tadornes.

and then —

p. 539 : Et diverses petites especes que Ton designe sous le nom commun
de Sarcelles.

I cannot conceive any one venturing to propose the recognition of any of the
preceding French names, yet they are on exactly the same parallel as the name
which the Commission discussed. Now Oken issued a List (/*■/*•, 1817, p. 1183), and
therein is given the following :

Anas ; tjnerquednla ; Anas, Tadorna, 8onchet, Marila, Eider, Clangula,
Macreuse, Bernicla, Anser, Cygnus.

Now do we conclude, as the Commission have asked us to, that there can be no
question regarding Souchet, Eider, and Macreuse being pure Latin ?

This is the direct consequence of Opinion 19, and here is where the American
Ornithologists' Union have diifered from myself. They have accepted the other
names in the above Oken List but ignored the three I have here named. I have
argued that either all or none should be recognised, and therefore, denying that
Souchet, Eider, or Macreuse are Latin, have rejected all.

Now which is right ? Shall we have another opinion of a pai-tim character,

( 455 )

asking us to accept some, reject others, and leaving the rest to be decided b)-
individual authors, upon each of whose shonlders must rest " the burden of proof
that he is justified " ?

One more matter upon which I feel the Commission have erred.

In Opinion 30 the Commission have added a dangerous little clause to
Article 19, which reads: "The original orthography of a name is to be preserved
unless an error of transcription, a lapsus calami, or a typographical error is
evident." After transcription, the Commission would add (" seu translitera-
tion "), and then note " the evidence shonld in general be present in the original
documents." (The italics are mine.)

What will constitute an error of transliteration ?

In the past we have had purists correcting purists as to this point, and a good
example of the state of chaos that will ensue is evidenced by the name Cliroico-
cephalm. Introduced {('at. Brit. Birds 1836, j). 53) in a work apparently published
in two parts, the second part {Hist. Barer Brit. Birds 1830, p. 57) gives its
derivation KpoiKoi, coloured, and Ke<j>a\tj, head. Note the emendments proposed
by purists who indicated errors of transliteration: Kroicoceplialns, Kroihocrphalas,
('hroiocephalus, ('kroecocejjhalu><, and Chrooecplmliis. Further, this opinion would
seem to contradict Article 36, Recommendations, the wording of which is : " It is
well to avoid the introduction of new generic names which dilFer from generic
names already in use only in termination or in a slight variation in spelling, which
might lead to confusion. But, when once introduced, such names are not to be
rejected on this account. E.xamples : I'objodus, Boli/odun, Polijodonta, Pohj-
odontas, Poli/odontus."

But are not such as these due to errors of transliteration ?

Does not the acceptance of Opinion 30 necessitate the emendation of generic
names ending in -os, derived from Greek os, into -;w? This would be the first,
others would follow, and many such other questions would be raised, necessitating
many Opinions. Must the time of the Commission be occupied in dealing with
trivial questions like this ? Would it not be better to have confirmed tiie llecom-
mendations. Article 36, by firmly establishing absolute " one-letterism " and
considering every name to be " words formed by an arbitrary combination of
letters " ?

( 456 )

ORNITHOLOGICAL EXPLOEATIONS IX ALGERIA.

By the HON. W. KOTHSCHILD, Ph.D., and E. HARTERT, Ph.D.

(Plates IX.— XI., XV.— XXVI.)

I. INTRODUCTION.

THE followiug pages embody the ornithologioal results of three visits to
Algeria, dariug the years 1908, 1000, and 1911.
In 1908 we left England on February 12, and on the morning of the
following day reached Marseilles, on a cold and frosty morning, out of which
a bright sun arose on an immaculate bine sky : e.xceedingly beautiful to ns, after
weeks of dull, dark English winter days. Consequently our spirits were high
when we steamed through tlie picturesque harbour and bay, in anticipation of a
beautiful, line passage. Unfortunately onr hopes were not fulfilled, for during
the night, near the Balearic Isles, we encountered a strong wind and heavy seas,
and when we arrived off Algiers we had " had ipiite enough of it," and Algiers itself
did not present the often-deserilied '' vue ravissanto " which it frequently offers,
as it was more or less covered with clouds (Pi. XV., top).

Fonr days we stayed at Algiers, enjoying beautiful weather, observing the
usual birds inhabiting the gardens, the " Bois," and woods in the neighbourhood,
catching a few /.ijqaeiia ahjira and moths, and getting shooting-licences, a (|uite
ceremonious and tedious affair, but necessary in order to avoid troubles and to
buy powder, which one cannot get for money unless one holds a licence.

On the 19th we left for Biskra by the night train, reaching EI Guerrah
in the morning. The sun was brilliant, and from the train we saw on the bare
fields and meadows Plovers {Vanellns), White Storks, Ravens, Larks and
innumerable Sparrows. Near tiie station called " Les Lacs " a wide expanse
of flat water was seen, on it many ducks, a few gulls, and far away on the other
side hundreds and liundreds of Flamingoes I

At last Biskra was reached, where we found coml'ortable rooms in the Hotel
Victoria (PI. XIX., toj)).

We stayed in that now so well known tourists' oasis, with a tour to Batna
and another to El Kantara in between, until tlie end of April, and obtained a
splendid first knowledge of the ornis of the northern portion of the Algerian
Sahara. Biskra is a most convenient place for that purpose. One can stay in
more or less comfortable hotels, and can get carriages and horses to drive and ride,
and the neighbourhood is very interesting. Within a day's excursion one can climb
the wild and bare rocky hills forming, so to say, the northern lioundary of the
real desert, can become acquainted with the ornis of the oasis of date-palms, or
visit the plain of El Outaya with fields and gardens, or get a glimpse of the real
desert, many dry clayey stretches, real sand-dunes near Oumash, stony desert
close to the town and again immediately south of Bordj Saada, patches of sebcha
or salt-desert, as well as the banks and beds of desert-streams, the Oued Biskra
and Oued Djeddi, especially rich in migrants of many kinds.

A visit to Batna was soon terminated : the hotel (now under another and
better mauagemeut) was not comfortable, and reminded us too little — the weather,

( 457 )

however, only a few degrees above freezing-point, with driving rain and sleet, too
much — of home at that time of the year.

On the other hand we enjoyed tlie beautiful grand scenery of El Kantara
(PI. XVIL, XVIII.). It was cold there also most of the time, but we saw
Bearded Vultures on many occasions, caught the pretty Lti -Ulolj charlonia and
other butterflies among the halfa-grass on the mountains, in similar j)laces as
Eucldoi'falloui, which, togetlier with I'l charlonia, we had previously caught on the
Djebel Bou Ghezal, on the edge of the desert near Biskra.

Along the high wall of almost bare rocks near El Kantara one of the
commonest birds is the tame Ammomanes deserti algeiiensis, and next to it
perhaps Galerida theklae hilgerti, while Oe/iaiUhe leucara syenitica is also very
characteristic for this region. On the rocks themselves birds are rather scarce ;
a few pairs of the Galeridu and a very few of the Oetitiithe are to be seen on
the top, where little plateaux thickly covered with halfa and a number of low
plants exist, and now and then a Caccabis petrosa sjiatzi. Besides these one
sees no birds on those heights, except now and then a Petronia, or flying overhead
some Neophron, a Golden Eagle, or Bearded Vulture, Ravens, and Ked-liilled
Choughs, which nest on steep clitFs.

By the end of April we wended our way northwards again and stayed a few
days in the large town of Constantine, the Oirta of Roman times (PI. XV.,
bottom). The stupendous ravine of the Hummel, which traverses the middle of
tlie town, was full of bird life : Egyptian Vultures and White f^torks nested in it,
actually hundreds of Lesser and Common Kestrels, swarms of Jackdaws and
Rock Pigeons, and numerous Alpine Swifts ; standing in the street in some
places one could see these birds sailing or dashing underneath along the ravine,
while close behind roared the trafiic of the town — omnibuses, heavy carts, and
carriages, also men of most varied nations, Berbers, Arabs, Mauretauian Jews,
French and Italians.

From Constantine we returned to Algiers, the neighbourhood of which is
much finer in May thau in winter, when it is visited by many thousands of tourists,
of whom very few stay on till May, and hardly any one into June. Yet, the
luxuriance of the foliage and the wild flowers, the song of the Nightingales
in every suitable place, and the warm, yet not too hot temperature, are perfection,
and the eye of an entomologist is gladdened by the sight of a good many butter-
flies, among them Swallow-tails and Charaxen jasius — though the number of
species is nothing comjiared with what one sees in the Alps and Pyrenees, or
in some tropical countries, during the right time of the year.

During this trip we had no taxidermist with us, and Hartert did all the
skinning; only in Biskra J. Steiubach, the well-known South American collector,
skinned some mammals for us and helped us when we had large birds or an
unusual number on one day. We brought home on this occasion 37G bird-skins.

On February 18, 1009, we left England the second time for Algeria, aud
this time we had secured the services of Mr. Carl Hilgert, who accompanied
the late Baron von Erlanger during his travels in Tunisia and his journey to
Abyssinia and through Somaliland into East Africa.

We reached Algiers on February 22, after a good voyage. It was pleasantly
warm, but the nights cold, aud vegetation and insect life were less advanced
thau the year before at the same time, though a few Zi/yaciM alyira were caught,

( 458 )

as in 190S. The high monntains in the Kabylie and the Little Atlas were deeply
covered with snow, and winter sports were being indnlged iu at Les Glacieres,
Blidah.

On the 28th we left for El Kantara, which wo found rather barer and still
drier than before, owing to the dronght and the terrible devastation of the locusts
the year before, which had lasted up to July and locally even to August. We witnessed
it in March and April I'.ios near Biskra. Locnsts were then seen everywhere. We
have seen the air so thick with them that one could not take aim at Alpine
Swifts flying overhead ; we saw them descending on a cornfield, which immediately
began to sink down visibly until it had almost entirely disappeared ; and once,
near El Kantara, it looked as if the mountain-side began to move when they
rose from a hill-slope. Along the railway from Batna northwards, and later on
from Algiers to Blidah, clouds upon clouds rose before the engine, and all one
could do was to wonder that any green plants remained at all.

We did our best to collect the birds of the surroundings of El Kantara as
far as the Djebel Metlili, with its picturesque gorge of Tilatou (PI. XVIII.,
top). The greatest surprise was the discovery of Tree-creepers. In the extensive
date-palm plantations south of the gorge of El Kantara Tree-creepers are found,
freiinenting the stems of the palms, fig-trees, apricots and vines. Whoever would
have imagined this bird here, and still more that it should be the same as that
found iu the pine woods of the Atlas Mountains near Batna, Blidah, and other
places ? — yet we cannot see any ditference.

On March 11 we went to Biskra, whence we made excursions to the mountains,
to Zaatcha and Tolga, and to Onmash, but much of our time was taken up with
preparations for our journey to the south.

On March 2.3 we left Biskra with a caravan of sixteen camels and nine
mules, and accompanied iiy our friend Dr. Nissen of Algiers.

It was a fine, sunny day. Ajjus mun'/uis /jre/imori/m and Apus nielba were
passing northwards ; and near Bordj Saada, sitting on the telegraph wires and
tamarisk bushes which cover the plain of Mouleina between Bordj Saada and
Biskra, the first ifprops j/rrgieits c/'ri/.iocf /■<_■/<■■< were seen. We travelled as far
as Bir Djefair, where we camped near a well with excellent water — the only
really good one on the road to Touggourt.

The second day we travelled only as far as Bordj (Jhegga, where camp was
pitched for the second time (see text-figure) ; and in the evening we were visited
by a heavy sandstorm, which raged nearly until midnight. After leaving Bordj
Saada the tamarisk bushes disappear and a wide sandy plain covered with innumer-
able stones extends to far beyond Bordj Chegga, where the sand begins to prevail
more and more. The sandy plain, however, is not smooth aud even, but covered
with countless little sand-hills, the nucleus of which is or has been in each case
a bush of Limoniastrum, Salsola, or another plant. Each isolated plant arrests
the sand that flies across the plain with every wind — aud winds are frequent —
and a miniature dune is formed ; the plant is partly protected by the surrounding
sand, but the latter runs down from the top and threatens to sutfocate the i)lant,
so that it strives for air and grows upwards, dying oif at the lower end. Thus
the hillock grows and grow.-*, and is crowned with a [ilaut, until the latter dies
off and the little mountain remains. These sandhills, hardened more and more
in the course of time, form the centres of all the animal life except some of
the birds. In these hillocks a rodent. Mo tones getulus, the Djerd of the Arabs,

niiikes ir,s holes, wliicli ure iiseil for iiestiii;; by (^enantlie Q^ Suxicola'") moenta,
and are sometimes iuliabited lij' the dreaded, deadly Asp (Cf/risd'x cnrnvtiDi), the
Lefa of the Arabs, and a beautiful harmless snake, Zammiix ilhiiliiint. In these
hillocks one sees disaj)[)earinj^ the jiretty lizard, .\r((iit/toiliir/)/lii,s sciiti-Udtnx. and
in them hides the Mocturn;iI Gecko, Steinx/'irti/lux ijnttittus. Also the beetles, the
common Anth/K scxmacuiita and (xraphiptel'iia, and the rai'e and gi.i;'antic Antliin
rciiufor, as well as same 'I'fiwlirionidne, disappear among these hillocks, the former
with wonderful swiftness. In this sandy plain also stony patches occur, like
little islands in the sea of sand, and on these is found the ))ale (xale.rida. fhc/tlne
(leichli'ri. Along the roads and on the sand we see (ialeriiln. cristntd arcnirohi,
which it is alnmst impossible to miss, while the other form is easily
overlooked when due does not know e.Kactly wluM'e to search for it; this was

UUii L'AMF AT UoKU.i CHEtiliA.

the reason why we only discovered its real home on our way back. Ammomfini's
plioeniriird (irenicnior (A. cinctm-n anctorum, errore) is found all over the stony
ground, and it is jnet with almost immediately south of Bordj Saada.

From Kef el Dor, where there is a heliographic telegraph station of the
Governmeut, one descends into a vast jilain of hard soil saturated with salt and
saltpetre, very tedious and with very little bird-life, dry enough at that time, but
covered with water after heavy rains and dangerous for camels, which easily sliji
on the greasy surface. Tliis district lies, like the whole Chott Melrhir, below the
level of the sea. In dry times the salt crystallises on the surface, and glitters
in places like snow. No vegetation is visible, with the exception of isolated, thick,
roundish tufts of halo[)hilous plants of a greyish green colour, all of two species,
llalocitemoii Ktrohiluceiim and Limoriiiixtntm giii/onidiinm.

This is the country of the "mirage" or ''fata morgana." There appears constantly
in the distance what seems to be a vast lake, dotted with islands and towering
clusters of trees, and on pushing onwards nothing but the same eternal grey-
green clumps of bushes or some kind of stipa meets the eye.

In spite of this wonderful spectacle one is cpiite (ileased when at last

( 4Cn I

palms iiiipcar tliat remain trees and do not vanish :inil luin tn little stnnred bushes,
but, takinsr shape, become a fine oasis. Thus one passes through Ourir, with a
hospitable and kind manager of the ('om])a<;nie snd-algerienne, and enters Mr.iir
or Jlraier, which means '• luirror." There is a little hotel kejit iiy an Alsacian,
who does what he can for the travellers. The next night we pitched camp at a
place called Nza beu lizig, near the'heliographic telegraph station of El Berd,
and a verv heavy sandstoriu made the night terrible. Every minute it seemed
certain that the tents would be blown down, and though they stood the storiu
excellently they suft'ered, especially Hartert's own small tent. The roar of the
wind, together with the banging of the canvas, the snorting and roaring of the
camels, which crowded round the tents, and the sand which penetrated every-
thing, luade slee]i im|iossible for the greater ])art of the night.

The following day remained very windy, but fortunately the wind and sand
were at our back, so that we could make good progress all the same.
Oi'itaiithc /i/.^t/zK /licit Inxjirinirii was met with, evidently on passage to the north:
Swallows in nniubers, i'tilantlreUn hrndiiidni-hihi by thousands. In lljamina we
found again a little " hotel,'' where, however, the number of beds was very small,
so that two of us were invited by the Kaid of Ourlana to sleej) in his extensive
house, which was gladly accepted. The oasis is very tine and orderly. Tarttir
aenfigali'iixis aiu/i/ptiacnx was very numerous. Sparrows were in great nuiubers.

On March lil we rode fifty kilometres to Touggonrt, mostly through uninter-
esting sebcha, but in the beginning through sandhill desert : and there Rothschild
shot our first (iuli'vithi thc/ilae deiclilri-i. of which we found no more until we
reached Kef el Dor again on the way back : liad we looked tor stimy jiatches
we miglit perhaj)s iiave seen some, but as it was we passed them by, maybe
i|uite close, for they are so wonderfully ada])ted to the soil that they are easily
overlooked if they do not happen to be on the wing or singing. Touggonrt
(PI. XIX., bottom) is a vast oasis, and actnally consists of a number of villages,
some i]uite far ajiart from the others. In the Enro])ean (pnuter is a garrison,
post and telegrapli office, a good luaiiy Jl'zabite and a few Euroj)ean slio])s and
an hotel. The oasis is rich in rather deej) ditches with water, in which a water-
beetle ( lli/droiii') and twd kinds of stuall fishes abonnd. .S{)arniws (see bevond)
are nuiuerons, 'I'urinr .•iriifijalensi.s aegi/jitiaciig and Scojis-owls are comiuon.
Of migrants Ofiiaiitlir oenatithe, Aiit/i/ix tricnilis and cam/irsf>-is, Jijnx toniniUn
torijuilld, MotiiriUii jiaiyi j/nfa and '■'/'//, Si/leiii i-iintiUu ns ruiitilliuix. ami
Swallows were often observeil.

One day we made a most interesting excursion to Temacin and the Zaonia,
where a very great and far-famed Marabout resides, who insisted that we should
have luncheon in his house, and where we ate the best couscous we ever tasted,
and strange Arab sweets.

Ou A\m\ 4 we left Touggonrt, travelliijg ea.stwards in the direction of J']l Oned.
Even so late in the year it was cold in the morning, the thermometer only showing
8° (.'. After leaving the oasis and passing through low ground with an extensive
sheet of water to the imrth, we soon entered the sand-region, and dimes w(!re
encountered after some iiours. In the nmrning it was windy, but alter twelve
o'clock it l>ecame i|nite calm.

It is dilHcnlt or impossible to describe the simple beauty of the rich udluw
sandhills, willi the scantiest vegetation in the valleys, the sjiotless bliu' sky
overhead, and the great quiet, here and there interrnjrted by the wonderful melan-

(461 )

clioly notes of the " Mnka" {CertJi/lauda), the guttural call of the Cream-coloured
Cursor, or the lively little song of the sand-coloured little Sijhia nana deserti.

Nearly all the way from Touggourt to El Oiied the traveller passes through
a sea of t^and-duiies (PI. XXIII., bottom), and there are only a few wells, after
a short day's march, near the Bordjs or rest-houses, which are strong stone
buildings with adjoining stables and surrounded by a stone wall. They contain
a few tables and rough seats, and may be used by travellers. We took advantage
of them all the way from Touggourt to El Oued, where they are quite clean and
not as cold as farther northwards.

Near Bordj Ferjau the bushes of E/ihedra ehita became higher, some showing
thick stems, and creeping along the ground like the "Kuieholz" in the Alps.
The place of the halfa of the north (.SWyy« tenaci^.vma) is here entirely taken by
the "drin" (Aristida jjunijens) and Aristidajfoccom. Here and there some curious
bushes without leaves arrest our attention : Retama ntetam, and Calligonum
comosum. Although attaining a height of two metres or so, and Retama some-
times even more, all have a curious weatherbeaten, meagre appearance. In these
bushes the rare Passer simplex was seen, which here builds its nest in clefts
and holes of the stems of such bushes, or in low palm-trees, but elsewhere also
in the stone walls of wells.

El Oued, the chief oasis of the " Souf," was reached on April 7. It is
perhaps the strangest oasis in the Sahara (Pis. XXII. and XXIIL, top). The
palms are not watered by little ditches, as they are in all the oases on the edge
of the desert — the entire Oued Il'hir from Oiirir to Touggourt, at Laghouat,
Berryan and Ghardaia, and, we believe, in most places — but take their water from
natural subterranean rivers or reservoirs, or maybe only moist soil. They are
therefore only planted in the deepest depressions between the dnnes, and it is
wonderful to think how the Arabs found these places ont. These palm-gardens
are constantly filled up with sand, sandstorms being frequent, and, it is said, blowing
two hundred days in the year. Men, women, and children are therefore constantly
carrying baskets fnll of sand out of the gardens, in order to keep them clear.
Nothing grows under the palms, except a few onions, broad beans, and other
vegetables loved by the Arabs ; no weeds are seen. The houses of the town
(PI. XXIV.) are also most peculiar, each house and generally each single room
having a round domed roof of plaster, made of the pounded gypsum which occurs
in extensive layers under the loose sand of the surface, separating, as it were,
the latter from the damp lower formation. The walls of the buildings consist
of the same material mixed with more sand and mud ; but even mud is rare, and
wood hardly e.xists, as no palm-tree is sacrificed for its wood ! The dates of
El Oued, and indeed of the whole of the '' Souf" or "Oued Souf," as the district
is called, are among the best in the world, and in delicacy surpass even those of
Touggourt and Wargla.

Our time in El Oued was almost lost, as a heavy sandstorm was blowing
three days and two nights. With difficulty did we enter some of the jjalm-
gardens and collected Sparrows, which are plentiful, and Palm-doves, which
ajjpeared to be the only resident birds, and shot some migrants in a garden of
the town, among them the first Ji/nx torquUla mauretanica and a large dark
North European Caprimiili/iis europaens europueus. Other birds noticed, and
mostly secured, were Fhoenicurus phoenicuras phoenicurus, Pk'/lloscopus sibi/atrtx
and colli/l/ita, Oenanthe oe,nanthc and hispanica, Anthus tricialis, I'pitpa epops,

31

(462)

Calandrella bracki/dacti/la , MofnciUn jhoyi, Si/lria iitricapilla, communis, con-
spicilldtii, Mnscicojri ki/jjoleiiai, and Cdprimnlgu.s ui'ii'iptinsi unharne. Probably
Owls occur, but we saw none, ami nothing could be heard tlirough the roaring
of the gale. Ravens (doubtless umbrinms) and Passer simplex were said to
visit the oasis occasionalh'.

On April 10 we left El Oiied. The wind had subsided, and all was ipiiet
and bright. Wheatears, Swallows, and Common Bee-eaters, also <iiiails, were
on migration, Certhihitula jioured forth its melancholy song. The nights during
our journey to Tonggonrt were dark, and with onr acetylene lamps we caught
great numbers of Moths, mostly Palpnmjahi cestis, spilota, straminea ; and a
new species, PulpoMjida hiUjerti Rothschild {Entomol. Zeitschr. xxiii. 19U9,
p. 142), as well as Leucanitis algira and huhijlaria, Lithostege marmorata, Oren
myodea, Timonn striata, CopicucuUia cijrtniKi, Bracki/yalea alboliiieata, a species
of Li/mnntria with red hindwings, and several fine Pyralidae; even Longicorns
flew to the lamps, and several large black Tenebrionidae ran over the sand towards
the light, if it was not placed too far aw-ay from tiie bordj, round which they
seemed to live. It is quite astonishing to find so mach insect life in the desert,
among sand-dunes with the scantiest vegetation.

Late on Ajwil 13 we were back at Tonggonrt. If there were some flies
during onr previous visit, they were at this time so plentiful as to defy descrijition,
and we can hardly imagine what it must be in the autumn, when the dates
are ripe, and when there really are flies, as our host declared, while at present
he did not seem to think much of them.

Ill Tonggonrt we met with both IPippolnis pallida reiseri and opacn, the latter
undoubtedly, the former probably on passage. Phglloscopus bonellii, Jgnx torquiUa
torqiiilla, Motacilla Jiata Jiava, Oenanthe oenantke, Phoenicarm phoenicurus and
ochruros gibraltariensis were on migration.

The ornis of the oasis is xer)' jioor. Palm-doves, Sparrows, Scops-Uwls,
and a few Kestrels seem to be almost the only nesting birds in the palm-groves.
Many other birds which enliven the northern oases of Biskra, Zaatcha, Tolga,
Onmash (PI. XXI.) and El Kautara, for example, are entirely absent — snch
as Blackbirds, Goldtiuches, Greenfinches, Serimis, Parns caer/ileus ultramarinus,
Emberiza, striolata sakari, Eiiiberiza calandra— nor did we see Ravens at or
near Touggourt.

On April 15 we left Tonggonrt once more, and on the ^'~'nd we arrived at
Biskra. So far we had become acquainted with fine days and sandstorms in
the desert, with heat and cold, but we had not yet experienced a thunderstorm.
This we did when in camp near Tamerna Djedida, and one of onr tents at last
was blown down. AVe also had another heavy sandstorm, but on the whole
the journey ran smoothly enough, excejit that towards the end onr friend
Dr. Nissen became rather ill, probably from the somewhat dangerous brackish
water, or maybe from some tinned food.

On account of the bad nights we had little opportunity to light the lamps
for moth-catching; only at Mraier we caught a fair number of smaller moths,
among them two new species : Cleop/iaim picturata and Talpocliarrs descrti
Rothsch. {Entom. Zcithschr. xxiii. p. 142). In Mraier wo shot some Uippolais
pallida reiseri. Our last evening in the desert, at Bordj Saada, was magnificent,
the fiery sunset, with the Anres Mountains in the distance, being a sight uever
to be forgotten.

( 41;?, )

Wc ri'inainetl in Biskra until April 3ll, when we nioveil to El Ksuitiira, where
we stayed five davs. AmmoiiitineK desfirfi (ilgericn.s/x aud Oenuiitlw leiicurn
Ki//ift.ic(i had eg-gs. In vain did we search for EkcIiIoc /wi'lii, one of the rarest
l)alaearctic Imtterflies, and hitherto the rarest one of Aljreria, though Kiickloi'.
r/trirlonki and Mctdiiiiriihi /iii^.t were nnnierous and several Piipilio macknon
lioxpitonkh'n were seen.

Ten days were spent at Batna and Lanibese, one oi' which was devoted to
the ascent of Mount Mahmel [see in list under Oenanthe (Sax/cola) xet'MunQ,
another to an excursion to the ruins of the Uoinan city of Tiragad. This was
one of the most interesting day.s we spent in Algeria., Imf not ornithologically,
most of the way l)eing thronijli fields and bare hill-sides only covered with short
grass and countless wild artichokes, where luirdly another bird was seen except
(Vested Larks and Skylarks, and a few ( Ir/ifi/if/ir //isj/a/i/fa liixpaiiica.

On 3Iay lo we left, Batna for Hamniani Meskoutine, in the northern Atlas
range. The way from El (xiierra to Hainmaiu Meskoutine was extremely beautiful,
the whole landscape beinir elad in lii.xnrious j^reen, with millions of red and yellow
wild flowers ; and whole mountain-sides and tiehls were deep scarlet from the
countless po]ipy-flowers — which were here of a deejiei', more pleasing red than
in Europe, lihirl; Kites, (iiddeii Eagles, and Griffon Vultures were seen from
the train.

Hammani Meskoutine is a most inleresfing jilace. tlie hot springs being very
curious (see PI. XVI.). The In-at of the water as it bubbles up from the springs
supplying the hot waterfall and the baths is about 00' C, and it has been
estimated rlnit the total outjiut is about 20,0(10 gallons jier hour. All round the
springs strange cones, some of fantastic sha,pe, are seen, formed by the lime deposited
by the hot waters, which have fre<|uently changed their course when the latter
became blocked up by their own deposits. These springs were used by the Romans,
and known as the Aquae Tibilitanae. Remains of Roman aqueducts, baths, etc.,
arc numerous, and those in Guelma, the nearest town, are of the greatest interest.

The ornis of Hammam Meskoutine is rich and interesting, but there are no
real forests near by — only bnsh, scrub, gardens, and fields. Mount Taya is of
supreme interest to an ornithologist, and doubtless to entomologists as well,
but it is a long excursion by rail and mule. Bearded and (iriffon Vultures,
Falcons and Golden Eagles are still nesting on the stupendous clitts as they
did fifty years ago, when IJr. Sclater visited the place, in s])ite of the mining
operations and frequent blasting of the rocks.

The stay in Hammam Meskoutine terminated this year's visit to Algeria,
and early in June we returned to England, bringing with us 733 bird-skins.

A third visit to Algeria took place in 1011. On January 18 w'c left Tring, and
in the evening of the 21st we reached Algiers, being several hours late, chiefly on
account of a strike of firemen in Marseilles, which the steamer left more tha.n two
and a half hours late. We were again accom])anied by Mr. C Hilgert.

From February I to IS we stayed again at Hammam Meskoutine, whence
we visited the oak-woods of Al'u Mokra, Lake Fetzara and the Djebcl Taya, antl
took ]]art in a wild-boar hunt among the neighbouring hills, when twelve wild pigs,
among them some fine old tuskers, were killed. Many of the summer birds we
found in IDO'J, such as the A^ghtingales which were our delight in Ma\-, Red-necked
Nightjars, aud Capriiiudgux eiiropue.iis meridionalis were of course absent, aud the

( 4<U )

ininiiueraMc tdiuls and f'ro^s, which in May lill the niirht with their ci-oaks and calls,
were silent. Winter visitors, especially Sonir-Tlirushes. were extremely nnmerous,
and often formed jiart of the meals in the hdtel : Imf Kajrles and Vultures, which
we had been told were much luore plentiful in tlir winter, were less frei[uently
seen than in May.

From February I'.l to March 17 we stayed in our (dd iplarters in the Hotel
Victoria in Biskra, and made excursions in the neinhbourhood in almost all directions.
As usual at this time of the year, Biskra was full of tourists, and amonj: them nut
a few lovers of nature and naturalists. In 190s we had the ^ood fortune to find
staying in the same hotel with us the veteran African ex])lorer and renowned
botanist Professor Schweiiifnrth, and many a pleasant hour was spent in his inter-
esting coiujiany. This time some kindred s[iirits were met with in the persons
of Messrs. Meade-AValdo and (i. H. Gnrney, jun., who collected insects.

The home of the DirPER in .\i.(;i;ri.v.

From March IT to 27 we were again in 101 Kantara, most of onr time being
spent in search of Bearded Vultures and (iolden Eagles, and in the unsuccessful
hunt for Euc/ilor\pec/ii. From El Kantara we travelled back again to Algiers, which
we left by motor-car on Ajiril 1. Dr. Nissen accompanied us again on our journey
to the south. Leaving Algiers, we travelled westwards to Blidah, and thence to the
picturesque "Gorges de Chifta," where we made a short stop at the restaurant in
the " Ruisseau des Singes," where dozens of Monkeys, among them enormous
specimens, were seeu, and a few Dippers on the stream some distance upwards. The
stream is indeed ideal for Cinclux, which do not seem to be rare at all, though we
did not see them anywhere else. In the great town of Medea, renowned for its
wines, we had luncheon, und in the afternoon reached l!oghari, I'.m kilometres from
Algiers, where we slept.

liOghari is a jiicturesiiue little place, a few kilometres iVom the lAd fortress of
Boghar(the (Jastellniu Mauritanum of the Uomans), and beh)Wthe Arab ami Jewish
qnarters. The place is most interesting for a zoologist, lying, so to say, at the foot

( 465 )

of the northern Atlas and on the north edge of the " Hants Plateanx," the huge flat
plateaux between the nortlieru aud .southern chains of the Atlas. Travelling by rail
from Constantine to Biskra this zoogeographical belt is not well marked and not
very noticeable, mountains and hills coming up between, aud the conntry being
more cultivated, while still farther east, in Tunisia, on account of the S.W. — -N.E.
direction of the Atlas, it is still narrower, though such a belt is marked between
El Oubira (near Tebessa) on the western frontier and Feriana, according to Mr.
Whitaker {B. Tnnixia I. p. x). Here, south of Boghari, these Hants Plateaux are
very extensive, forming an immense, little inhabited and little cultivated flat stretch
of land, for the most part thickly covered with halfa-grass (Sti/xi tenwussima).

Though comparatively near the coast and so close to the Atlas Mountains, the
fauna on the arid rufous-butf rocks some ID kilometres to the south is more Saharian
than one would expect from looking at the map ; Oenanthc {Sacicola) leacuni
syenitica is common, and so is Erijthrospiza githaginea, and the Crested Lark is no
longer the dark Galerida thcMac. /inrterti wliich we saw commonly in the Metidja
plain and even near Medea, but the pale (i. thehhie hilgrrti (see chai)ter on Crested
Larks). It is here where Comatibis eremita was found over fifty years ago, and still
exists, though in small numbers.

On the steep banks of the deeply eroded river-bed Lesser Kestrels and Little
Uwls appeared to be numerous. The caterpillars of an Arctiid moth were exceed-
ingly numerous. Their nests covered the short grass aud the young wheat, and the
little caterpillars were seen by millions. Probably tlioy belonged to a species of
('i/mbaloplnird, maybe liaroldi or powelli. The next day we rushed over the great
hnlfa-ijlateau to Djelfa, the capital of the Ouled-Nail tribe, to which belong nearly
all the dancing-girls and prostitutes of the southern parts of Algeria.

We stopped in several places, observed Oenaiithe moesta and deserti, aud Oe.
oenuntlii' and hispanim on migration, shot a few Galerida tkeklae hilgerti and
caught Eiiehloc cliarlonia, helemia and beliti unet. (nee Linne), also fresh Thestor
maurituiiicHs and quite worn Thestor balhis.

Evidently these great halfa-plaius must be the home of Alaemoii duponti,
and Galerida cristata randoni (see chapter on Crested Larks), both of which
we failed to observe anywhere in Algeria. Houbara-Bustards were often seen.
On April 4 we arrived at Laghouat, a very beautiful town, said to be one of the
hottest in Algeria in summer, the temperature sometimes rising to ot)" C, while
in winter, though cold, it never reaches zero. The Catholic church and the new
mosijue are very tine buildings, the fortress and other military buildings crowning
the rocks above are picturesque from the distance, many of the streets have
colonnades under which one can walk protected from the sun, and everything is
wide aud clean ; nevertheless typhoid and malarial fevers are said to be common.
Our chief object at Laghouat was to collect the long-billed Lark which Tristram
discovered here in 1850, and we nccomplisiied this without great difficulty, though
this form, Galerida cristata marorln/nclia, was fiir rarer than G. theklae carolinae,
which occurred almost everywhere on the red stouy plain south of Laghouat and
even at the foot of the hills and in the wide bed of the Oued Mzi, which later on,
after receiving a few tributaries (/.(■. wlien there is water in them !) l.iecomes the
Oued Djeddi, the biggest (temjwrary) river or Oued in the Algerian Sahara, and
which, beyond Bordj Saada, south of Biskra, like the Oued Biskra, is lost in the
Chott Melrhir (or Melghir). The long-billed Crested Lark is almost confined to
places where there are fields or an attempt at cultivation, and farther south, to

( 466 )

the neighbourhood of the davats; but it is never seen on the vnst reddish buff
stony plain, where G. t. carol inae occurs.

Ou the hills Euchloii charlonki was flying, and in a mostly dry river valley
some fifteen kilometres to the south we found a rich vegetation and Euchloii
charlonia dMAfalloai were common. How different a locality to find the latter,
to the neighbourhood of Biskra, where it only flies on the ragged, torn and dry
dark-coloured height of the Djebel bou Ghezal I The reason, however, was easily
understood, for its food-plant, Morecandia arcensis var., grew in abundance.

Some pools of water were alive with millions of Apos numidicus, a crustacean
which is found in almost every pond and pool from Laghonat to Ghardaia, and
elsewhere. A vast j)laiu extends to the south of Laglionat, the ground reddish
buff, with innumerable stones of the same rufous buff colour, aud a scanty
vegetation of low thick bushes of a greenish grey colour, consisting of hardly
more than three species of plants — Artemisia herha-alha dominating over
everything else, and often for miles the only plant noticed. Anabasis urticidatu and
llaloxijlon artimlatum.

In certain places sand appears, and there halfa grows, aud now aud then
a Ueliardhemum hirtam with pretty yellow flowers gladdens the eye. On the whole
this .4»fe;«/s/«-covered plain, with its innumerable stones and scanty bird life —
sometimes a Iloabara, Galerida tlieklae carolinae, the pretty Otocori/s bilopha, an
Aminomanes, or the rare thick-billed Rhamphocorys clot-bey is seen, but hardly
anything else — is the most fatiguing desert of all, while it lacks the serene beauty
of the sand-dunes. We were glad that we were able to pass through this
desolate country at motor-speed ; but this, unfortunately, was frerjuently rudely
checked ! The last night in Laghouat a very heavy thunderstorm with terrible
rain came down, and the " road " — if it cau be called by that name, for, thougli
generally good, in places the road was hardly visible — had greatly suffered. Soon
after Laghouat we got into deep mud, of which there had been no sign a couple
of days before, and afterwards we took the wrong road and became stuck live
times in deep sand. It necessitated much labour iu each case to get off agaiu :
bushes of Artemisia, bunches of Sfipa (if there were any) and whatever we could
get hold of, had to be torn out and placed iu front of the wheels, aud then, with
all hands on the wheels or body of the carriage and " full speed ahead " we began
to move, but often not before a considerable time had elapsed. We were,
therefore, quite glad when the first " dayats " were reached. What an extraordinary
sight — a park-like clunij), sometimes of great extent, of fine ohl trees in little
depressions in the middle of the most desolate stony desert ! These dayats with
their old Pistacia-trees (PI. XXV.), Betoum of the Arabs, Pistacia atlantica of
botanists, always stand in little depressions where the water remains in the rainy
season, and there is but little vegetation except the fine, thick, often gigantic
Betoums, an outer ring of prickly " sarib " or "jujubes," Zizyphus lotus, -Mid in
the surrounding desert the endless Artemisia, aud other low, greyish green plants.

The soil is like the dry mud of a barn floor, without undergrowth, except
a few Zizyphus-bushes; aud only iu a few dayats the Arabs plant wheat in
favourable years, like the present one. The fears, expressed by I'rofessor
Massart iu 1898 (^Bull. Soc. r. de botan. dc BeUjique xxxvii p. :U4) that
J'istacia atlantica was doomed to extinction are absolutely groundless. When
Massart visited the dayats, there had been an exceptionally long j)eriod of rainless
years aud everything was parched and unusually dry. The author did not see

( 4R7 )

one sino-le young Betoum. He made out that no yonug tree eonld ever grow np,
Ijecanse their short roots were not able to reach the damp, deep, clayey layers out
of wliich the large old trees still took water, their life-element, and that therefore
they were destined to perish, on account of the ever-increasing aridity of the
desert. AVhether this ever-increasing sterility be a fact or not, the Betoums are
now, thirteen years later, quite strong and healthy, and young ones in every stage
were fonnd.

The life-history of these Betoums is most peculiar. The seed cannot grow
up, or at least the yonng plant has no chance whatever to live, unless it is
sheltered against the inclemency of the climate — cold or hot winds or driving
dust and sand ; and the teeth of the camels are also to be taken into account,
though these "ships of the desert" are not so very numerous in this region of
the Sahara.

The necessary shelter is found in the prickly Zizyphus-bushes ! In the midst
of them or under their branches the seedling can grow up sheltered and safely ;
the young tree grows to the height of its involuntary host, grows up be3-ond
it, commences to develop a crown, and by the time it is large enough to be
independent of the prickly bush, liegins to kill the latter, which cannot live in
the shade.

This reo-ion of the dayats is, like all the country passed since Boghari, more
or less high ground, generally about Ti.lO metres above the level of the sea. At
the largest of the dayats, Tilrhempt or Tilghempt* (PL XXV.) known for its able
cook, the keeper El Aid ben Massaoud, we found tolerable rooms and remained
there four days. The dayats were not found as rich in bird life as we had expected.
Perhaps the only birds nesting in them now are a great many Scops-owls, very
many Crate/vj/us fidcus, some Lanius e.rci(bUor elegans, a few Athene noctiui
glaux, Ravens, Kestrels, and a small number of Sturnus unicolor.

At present many species passed through on their migration to the north.
We observed or obtained : Falco subhiiteo jugni-tha, Cuculus canoius, numerous
Ilirundo urbica, Chelidon nistica, Riparlii riparid, Motacilla Jura Jhva, Lanius
senator, Mitscicapa hypoleuca and striata, several species of Phylloscopus and
Sykia, Emberiza hortulana, Milvus korschun, Coracias gurnda, Merops persicus
chrysocercui<, Cnlmnba oenn.s, Cpnpa epops, and Caccabis petrom spatzi. We do
not think that any of these birds would stay to nest, though of the Hobby we are
not sure. Golden Eagles, which were common in Tristram's time, are unknown.
Sparrows nest in the buildings of the bordj, and in the surrounding desert are
found some Houbara-Bustards and Sandgrouse (? species), both species of
Crested Larks, Otocorys bilop/ia, Ammomanes phoenicura arenicola, farther away
doubtless also Tthamphocorys clot-bey, and Oenaiithe moestn.

While driving from one dayat to another Dr. Nissen said he saw a curious
greenish bird. Hartert seeing something moving, fired, and killed a huge, beauti-
fully coloured specimen of Uroma.tti.c, the spine-tailed lizard. We were at once
struck with the different look of this creature to those so common near Biskra.
We think we must have seen a hundred or more at the latter place. Several times
they were seen among the rocks of the Djebel Bou Ghezal, and looked quite grey.
Often they were brought alive for sale, and many were always on sale, stuffed, in the

• The latter spelling is now adopted officially and on some French maps, but one hears almost
ahvavs " Tilrhempt," the Arab letter expressed by our r or g sounding guttural, to our cars much more
like an r than a g. Formerly one re.id only Tilrhempt, and still finds it thus on most maps.

(468)

market, where one day we saw dozens brought in to l)e stufl'ed on the spot, and all
were more or less dnll grey in appearanee. Besides the one shot near Tilrheuipt,
we got others at the same place from old EI Aid ben Massaond, several at
Ghardaia, and a number — though no adult males — at Laghonat. The old speci-
mens were larger than almost every one caught about Biskra, and the njiperside
of a bright light green or yellowish green, with the bead and underside (jnite
black, or black with a few lighter spots and jiatches. Biskra specimens are more
or less grey, with only a greenish or yellowish tinge, and we have seen none
with a black underside, though some specimens have small black spots. It must
be admitted that young S|)ecimens from the M'zab country are not separable from
Biskra ones, though the majority have a more greenish back, and all show at least
frequent small black dots on the underside. The specimens in the M'zab country
— old males and females (British Museum) — attain often a length of 25 cm.
(without the tail) — i.e. a little above the greatest length — which is not very
frequent — of Biskra sjiecimens. Under these circumstances it seems reasonable
to separate the form inhabiting the M'zab country (Ghardaia, Tilrhempt, Laghoaut)
under the name of

TJromastix acanthinurus nigriventris subsp. n.

from tlie typical V. acanthinurus. Type (Tilrhemj)t) in the Tring Museum ; cotypes
(one M'zab country taken by Lataste, two caught by ourselves) in the British
Museum.

Ou April 16 we left Tilrhempt for our last goal — (Jhardaia, the capital of
the Beni M'zab. It was bitterly cold, a strong soutlt wind blowing against
us; the thermometer showed only 8° C. Again we sped over the same clayey
rufescent ground, with countless stones and generally three or four plants at the
utmost, though in dejiressions plants were more numerous. Near Berryuu, the first
M'zaliite town, rocky hills appear, the ground becomes more varied and broken.
At Berryan we took luncheon in the "bordj," or rest-house. The road from
Tilrhempt was comparatively good, but after Berryan became worse again. There
was no fear of becoming stuck in sand or mud, but often we had to pass over bare
and not very smooth rock, which shook our perhaps not too good machines most
terribly. Berryan had greatly interested us, and after that town we saw several
liliainpliocori/s, two of which we bagged. Shortly before Ghardaia, after descending
the last steep road to the M'zab valley, our machine broke down. We had to walk
the last half-mile, and the motor was ignominiously towed into the desert-city by
particularly stupid-looking mules.

Ghardaia (Plate XXVI.) is very picturesque, the Frencii fort and the various
old towns of the M'zabite community crowning the rocks, the modern town, with
the few European houses and the oasis, tilling the wide river valley.

The M'zab are a most peculiar tribe, mostly smaller than the tall Arabs, with
square shoulders, wide chests, and strongly developed calves, as compared with the
— on the whole— slim, thin-legged true Arabs. They belong to a dilleront religions
sect, and build ditlVrent mosques (see Plate XXVI.), are much more industrious,
quieter, fond of trade and agriculture — also, judging from the orderly look of their
streets, gardens, and cemeteries, cleaner. Nevertheless lice, especially Pediculus
vestimentum, are exceedingly numerous, and bed-bugs are not unknown, though
apparently not over-plentiful ; human fleas, however, which are absent from the
whole of the Sahara (and tropical Africa e.xcept where introduced), do not occur.

( 4fi0 )

The cemeteries are truly lieaiitifnl as compared with the entirely bare Arab ones.
They are covered with green bushes and (at this time) with innumerable lilac and
white little flowers, and each grave is ornamented with pieces of broken pottery,
l)roken instruments, or other broken thinijs, evidently to signify the broken life of
tiie deceased. There are also special little houses near the cemeteries for ablutions,
without which prayers may not be said ; and for the grand prayer, said on certain
days in the year, large platforms like big elevated barn-floors are built.

The most extraordinary feature, and a remarkable proof of the industry of the
people, are the deep wells, of which over 1 100 are said to exist in the M'zab valley
alone. They are being worked almost the whole day, by mules, horses, cattle, and
camels, bringing up bucket after bucket of the fluid element without which the
palms and gardens cannot exist. Far superior to all Arab oases we have seen are
the M'zabite ones, and the beautiful ajipearance is chiefly due to the vines which
are trained like garlands from jialm to palm and along the walls.

The bird life in the oases is almost as poor as elsewbere, but the Grey Shrike
{Lanuis excubitor elegan.s) and Crateropus fiilmis nest in them, the number of both
Turtle-doves, Turtur tuHur arenicola and senp<)alensis acg>/ptiai;us, is enormous,
and often Oetuinthe (Siix/cola) leacopyqa nests in the wells or on houses and
stone walls.

Excursions were made eastwards, in the direction of Guerrara, where a few
Crested Larks, Ammomiines of both species, Otocorijs and Rli(tmpliocori/t! were
found, bnt a search for their rare eggs was in vain. The ascent from the valley
to the plateau over bare rock was rather slippery for the mules, bat accomplished
without misfortune. Ravens, Milvus koischun and Seophron visited the abattoirs
near the town. Kestrels were seen several times, and Scops-owls heard in the
gardens.

Here at last, for the first time during this trip, the nights were dark, warm,
and without wind. Consequently we could use our lamps, and caught hundreds
of moths. It was striking that Geometridae were almost entirely absent, and
among the Xoctuidae the genus Cleophnim was most richly represented. Of
butterflies a very light form of Euchlo,' falloid was collected on the rocks, but
was particularly difficult to catch on account of the rugged rocks and strong
wind ; and Dr. Nissen and Walter Rothschild also caught Tei-wolus nouna !

On April 24 we returned once more to Tilrhempt. On arrival there the other
motor, which conveyed our luggage, broke down hopelessly and had to be
abandoned. The luggage was put on a cart, which travelled about one mile,
when a wheel broke in pieces. In the dark of the night everything had to be
transferred to another cart, and at last started otf — and actually reacheil Laghouat
safely !

At Tilrhempt, too, we had this time occasion to catch moths, among them
the beautiful green Cleopkana warionis and the rare Cossiis (tries Piingeler,
hitherto only known from two specimens taken in Palestine. On April 20 we
reached Laghouat, which we left again on April 28. While in Laghouat we
went once more to the big plain full of Zizijphus and the, now quite dry,
" oned " where Euchlo'e charloniu, falloui and others were flying. Quails, Motncilla
Jiaca and Aiithus prritc/is/s were still on migration. Crested Larks had young
ones, Melanocorijpha cahuu/ra and Sj/lfia conspiciUata were found with eggs.

On tlie way from Laghouat to Boghari, before we came to the little cara-
vanserai of Guelt es Stel, we had a great misfortune. Probably some one cut

(470 )

the rope with which two cases, containing all onr birdskins and insects brought
totrether during the journey to the M'zab country, were tied on to the back
of onr motor, or else it got cut through by the sharp edge of the box ; anyhow,
when we arrived at Gnelt es Stel it was seen with indescribable horror that both
cases had fallen off! In less than one minute Hartert was on the seat by the
side of the chanifeur and rushing back over the same road with all possible speed.
After a long drive he saw a big white mass in the halfa-grass — the box containing
the birds broken open, and the skins strewn over the desert sand. Fortunately
the nomads, who evidently had broken it open, could do nothing with the birds,
and not a single one was missing ; but some cigar-boxes containing sixteen
clntches of eggs were gone — probably only because of the wooden boxes, which
the Arabs covet very much. Among the eggs were properly identified clntches
of Gulerida theldae caroli/uie and crislata mncrorhynrha and a splendid series of
eggs of Ammomanes deserti algeriensis and Emberiza sdiolata sahari.

The other box, with all the insects and many other things, after searching in
vain all the tents of a nomad camp, in spite of great unwillingness of tlie owners,
was fonnd hidden away some distance from the road among some tamarisk bushes.
As it was we got off luckily enough with comparatively little loss ; and moreover
the enforced delay at Gnelt es Stel led to a wonderful discovery : Rothschild,
Nissen, and Hilgert utilised the time of waiting by catching butterflies on the
hill-slopes near by, and canght the rare Euchloe pechi, for which we had constantly
been looking out, and for which we had in vain ascended the highest mountains
near El Kantara a number of times. The honour of the first capture belongs
to Dr. Nissen, who made it known to us in dramatic style.

The next day we stayed again at Boghari, searching in vain for Comatihis
eremita, while Nissen and Hilgert went back to Gnelt es Stel for more Euchloe
pechi, though they got only a small number, the strong wind being a great
hindrance to collecting.

On April 30 we returned to Algiers. The crossing of the Atlas was cold,
especially near Medea, an icy rain trying to wash off the fine whitish dust with which
we had been covered in the southern plain. Onr stay at Algiers was much longer
than we had wished for, on account of one of us falling ill ; and thus much time
was lost, as Algiers is not a snitable locality for an ornithological collector.

From May 17 to 26 we stayed at Hammaiu R'hira. Much of the time there
was spent in collecting lepidoptera, especially the beautiful Zygaena, which was
described twice within two months under the names of Z)/gaena thiryi and Zi/gaeiia
nisseni by Abbe Joannis and Walter Rothschild, and the lovely Zi/gac/ta a/g/'/n,
a generation of which became more and more plentiful.

Insect life was very plentiful, especially beetles, Cicadidae and others. In the
vineyards the large Cicadella cantans was often seen whirring off with a great
rattling noise, pretty Biiprestidae, Longicorns, Curciilioiridae, and a host of
Hyraenoptera and Diptera were collected. Hilgert was fortunate enough to catch
a specimen of the Bee-hawk-moth Haemorrhagia fucifonnis. This was rather
a surprise, as Dr. Seitz (Entom. Zeitschr. vol. xxiii. p. 1U5) had categorically
declared that statements of its occnrrence in North Africa rested on wrong
identifications. Also another moth said by Dr. Seitz not to occur in Algeria,
Chaiirocampi porcellm, was caught by Dr. Jordan and Rothschild at Blidah
Glacieres, and this race had even previously been described from specimens caught
at Teniet-el-Had under the name of Ckaerocampa porccllus colossus.

(471 )

The most interesting birds we found near Hammam R'liira, a well-known bath,
celebrated already in Roman times, among mountains covered with pinewoods and
extensive vineyards producing excellent wines, were Circaetus gallicus and Eutol-
mnetus peiinritu.s, the Booted Eagle, which we observed thoroughly. Here too we
stayed longer than we had intended, and could not carry out all our plans, on account
of the renewed illness of one of us ; and on the 14th we left Algiers and arrived
late next day at Marseilles, after a rough passage.

This time we brought home 507 birdskiiis. The following notes are therefore
based on a material of 1026 birds of our own collecting, in addition to wliich we
have some bought from Fliickiger and .Steinbach, and have com))ared many of
Tristram's old collection.

Our special thanks are due to the French authorities, who everywhere showed
us the greatest consideration and civility, and most willingly gave every help
required ; also to our friend Dr. Nissen, and several other private persons.

II. LIST OF BIRDS COLLECTED AND OBSERVED.

1. Corvus corax ting^itanus Irby.

The Raven is spread all over Algeria, from the northern coast-region to the
northern Sahara ; but it is not so common, as far as our observations go, in the
mountains of the north, and rarely seen in the fertile plains, while it is very
common in the south, and especially on the northern edge of the Sahara.

C. c. tingitanus does not inhabit the Sahara. It is common in the northern
oases, Biskra and others, on the foot of the southernmost mountains of the Atlas
system, but it does not extend far south of Biskra, and appears to be absent
from Touggourt. In El Oued Ravens are occasionally seen, according to information
received, but there can be no doubt that they belong to C. corax umbrinns, which
is the true desert Raven.

Ravens are also found near Laghouat, where they nest on the mountains,
and a few in the Dayats, where they have tlu'ir nests on the highest trees.

A great number of Ravens were seen about the slaughter-houses near
Ghardaia. We did not succeed in shooting any, Ijut they seemed to be all
C. c. tingitanus, and not tunbrinns.

We collected only a few Ravens near Biskra. They agree with a good series
from Southern Morocco and others from Tunisia.

Corvus corax corax does not occur in Algeria. It is replaced by C. c.
tingitanus, and in the middle of the desert by umhrinus. Statements of the
occurrence of C. c. cora.x in Algeria refer probably all to C. c. tingitanus, which was
not distinguished from corax until Irby described it as Cormts tingita/ius in 1874.
Even as late as 1888 Koenig mistook it for corax.

3. Coloeus monedula cirtensis subsp. nov.

We saw a great many Jackdaws in Constantine, where they were breeding
in the stupendous gorge of the Ruinmel, but were not able to obtain specimens.
A large proportion showed the brown, ap]iarently unmoulted ijuills generally seen
in young birds, and they were shining quite rufous in the sun.

Quite recently Mr. Paul Dechabert got for us a series of ten specimens. Two
specimens which we have from Tangier do not belong to the Algerian race.

( 472 )

This uew subspecies differs from C. m. upermologus by the miicU lighter, pure
slate-grey uiidersurface. This is especially noticeable on the breast and abdomen
and under tail-coverts, and even on the under wing-coverts, the throat being
(lurlcer. Also the hindneck is more dull grey, and the crown is not ignite so
|)nr|)lisii. Thus ('. m. clitensis resembles, in the colonr of the underside, more
C. III. monedula and C. m. collaris (which two forms are very closely allied), but
the underside is not so mouse-grey, being pure slate-grey, and there is no
indication whatever of the creamy-white patch on the sides of the neck, the latter
also being much less whitish grey. Wings 22o — 24;J mm. (none sexed). Tyi)e,
December 4, lUll, Constantine. Xamed after its locality, the town of Constantine,
the Cirta of the Romans.

3. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (L.)

Vjiiqxi Pyrrliucurax hiana.e\is, Si/st. A^iil. ed. x. p. IIH. (17.^8 — This name is indisputable. The
description "atra, rostro pedibusque rubris" can only refer to the Chough, and never to
the Alpine Chough.)

Undonl)tf'dly widely but locally distributed in the Atlas range. We met with
it near lil Kantara and on Ujebel iletliii, wliere it is common, and saw several
flocks among the rocky ranges of the Bou Ghczal and its contiimations west of
Biskra.

We shot four specimens near El Kantara. The eye is dark coffee-brown.
The wings of specimens from the Atlas aj)i)ear to be generally rather long,
but specimens from the Alps and even from Ireland have frecjnently eijually
long wings — these forms can therefore not be separated.

Mr. E. Fliickiger obtained a number of specimens on the Djebel Ahmar-
kaddou, north-east of Biskra.

4. Garrulus glandarius cervicalis lip.

Tlie Algerian Jay is not rare in the forests, and especially in the oak-woods.
Rothschild saw it frequently near ]5lidah Glaciere in lOUS, but the only
place till 1911 where we collected a series was in the mountains above Lambese.
There, on May 'J and II, Hartert and Hilgert, when collecting in the higher
parts of the mountains, where the forest is thick and high, obtained eight
specimens. These birds vary to a certain extent, like all Jays, but they agree
in having a somewhat dark area on the jugulum, and in size. The wings
measure about 178 to 185 mm., while the wing of a male shot in the same
place by Koeuig measures over ls8 mm., and it must not be forgotten that
all these birds are in rather worn plumage and that the wing-measurements
as obtained from them are slightly too small. Comparing tiiese birds with
skins from Northern Tunisia and North Algeria, it is noticeable that some of
the latter are larger, their wings measuring from 180 to 195 mm., and that
they have the dark jugular area frequently missing. Tschusi described North
Tunisian birds as Garrulus glandarius koenigi {Orn. Jaltrb. 1904, p. 99), but
our comparisons leave no doubt that none of the difiereuces supposed to exist
between the two forms are constant or exist at all, except possibly tbe two
pointed out above.

Unfortunately, however, if two forms were distinguishable, it would be the
wrong form which Tschusi named. Sixty years ago birds were not likely to
be collected in the somewhat distant forests near Lambfese, and a Jay would

( 473)

at that time have come from North Algeria in all probability. Even the
original description points to the fact that it was not taken from a Lambese
specimen, for no mention is made of a dusk\' jngnlar band, and the wing measure-
ment is given as 190 mm. ! It must also be remembered that North Algeria
and North Tunisia have the same fauna — moreover, Ain Draham, the terra
tj'pica of (jr. g. h-oi'iiigi, is on the frontier — while the fanna of the sonthern
Atlas range, the Aures Mountains as they are often called, differs in .some
respects from that of the northern range of monntains. It is naturally the
geogra])hical distribution, which is dependent on the physical nature of the
country and not the political frontier — that is to say, not the question whether
a bird comes from " Algeria " or from " Tunisia " — which is of importance to us.
In 1911 we collected a female on the Djebel Taya and two males near Hammam
R'hira. These birds agree in all details of coloration with our series from
Lambese, and their wings (somewhat worn) measure only about 170, 177 and 178 mm.
This proves our contention of the impossibility of separating a northern and a
southern form in Algeria, and we regard koenigi as a mere synonym of cercicalis.

The iris of the Algerian Jays was found to be dull lilac or reddish grey, the
bill black, feet pale brownish flesh.

Fliickiger obtained Jays on the Djebel Cheliah in July 1903.

The existence and distribution of G. glandarius minor is still somewhat
mysterious. The probable type of this form, and the only specimen from Algeria
known to us in any collection, is that in the British Museum. Hartert {Vog. pal.
Fauna, I. pp. 31, 32) came to the conclnsion that Mr. Whitaker's " Gan-ulus oenops "
from Morocco was a synonym of " G. minor," and this is probably correct,
though Mr. Whitaker (B. Tunisia, li. p. 10) still thinks that minor and oenops
might differ in certain respects, and that this question can only be settled
by comparing further specimens. Such have been obtained by Riggenbach,
who sent us not less than twenty skins from the South Moroccan Atlas, from
Tamerouth (Tamarut), Temeroui, Fenzou and Tizi Taletoukiar. Their wings
measure : males 160-165, females 149-160 mm. " Iris blue."

Where now does this bird occur in Algeria ? Loche in his great work
said he obtained it in " the south of the province of Alger," without stating the
exact locality. In his first tentative list, entitled Catalogue des Mummifcres et des
(Jheaux obserccs en Algcrie, Paris, 1858, where in many instances exact localities
are given which are not found in his great work, however, he mentions a male,
evidently then in the " Exposition permaneute " in Algiers, from Djelfa ! Un-
fortnnately we did not before know of this statement, as we received the rare little
book only quite recently, but when passing through Djelfa we do not remember
having seen any woods in the immediate neighbourhood.

o. Pica pica mauritanica Malh.

Strange to say, and to our disappointment, we never saw or heard a Magpie
in Algeria.* In 1892 Professor Koenig found it common near Batna, while in
1893 he never was able to see the sign of one. In the Joiirn. /. Orn. 189.5 he
raises the ipiestion at length why this might have been the case : he thinks it
might possibly have been because 1893 was a very dry year, while 1892 was
an unusally wet one — an explanation which seems to us to be very unlikely,
though we cannot offer a better one in its place.

* Mr. Herzig obtaiueJ specimens near Bou .Saada, where it breeds.

(474)

6. Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris L.

Ooramon Starlings winter in (jnantities in Algeria, where we met with them
at Hammam Meskontine and Biskra, in Febrnary and March I'ms, lODU, and
1011. AVe even came across a flock as far south as Bordj Chegga, sonth of
Biskra, on March ,'(!, and shot two specimens.

7. Sturnus unicolor Temm.
It is strange that this bird, which is common in many parts of Tunisia and
Morocco, should be rare in Algeria. Wc only saw it in the Dayats betwei'u
Laghouat and Ghardaia. They were very rare and shy, iuid we were able to
shoot only two specimens. These agree witji others from Monicco and S. Euro|)e.

8. Oriolus oriolus oriolus (L.)

Orioles pass through Algeria in great numbers, and some appear to breed
in the mountain forests of the north.

About the middle of April many passed through Batna, and between the
.ot.h and l"2tli of that month through Laglujuat in great luunbers. On April 18
we shot a male abont halfway between Biskra and Tonggourt. On April "sIS
Teat numbers frequented the gardens and jilantations of Biskra, and an Italian
poacher shot dozens of them.

Thev must, however, breed in the north, for we obtained an adult female
at Hammam Meskontine on May -U. It was in good condition, though the
ovary was quite small.

0. Coccothraustes coccotliraustes buvryi ( 'ub.

CnrrnthriiiiKles Biirrii'i Cabauis. Juiini.f. Oni. 1»G2. p. 2511 (Algerien).

The Hawfinch of Algeria has been separated by C'abanis, as above, in 18(52,
but this description has been overlooked until 1903 (Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i.
p. 57). The next ornithologist who referred to this form was Mr. Witherby {This,
1905, p. 192). When writing about the distinctness of C. r. burn// Hartert had
only examined two females, so rare was this form in Euro])ean collections.

The differences of C. c. hucnji from (\ c. coccothraustes are as follows :

The bill is smaller, i.e. shorter, and therefore it appears to be less pointed.
Only quite exceptionally examples from Europe have bills with the cnimen as
short as in C. c. buvn/i. The difierence in the colour of the crown and back is
not constant, though generally it is slightly less dark in C. c. buvryi. The rump
and upper tail-coverts, on the other hand, are considerably paler, much less rnfous,
and often quite greyish, especially the rump. The white markings of the primaries
are generally much smaller — partly because the quills themselves are so much
shorter — but the ditfereuces are not always so important as shown in the figure
on p. 192 of the Ibis for 1905, because the extent of these white patches varies
very considerably both in European and Algerian specimens.

The difference in the colour of the underside is rather striking, C. c. cocco-
thraustes being darker, and the flanks more rut'ous, the latter being more vinous
or more greyish in C. c. btirr>/i. The extent of the white on the rectrices is not
always less than in C. c. coccothraustes — in fact it is often fully as wide as in
European birds.

(475)

The most striking difference is, perhaps, the small size of the Algerian form.
The wiags of seventeen males measure 96 to 09, once only 94, and once KJO mm.,
while the wings of thirty European males measure 102 to lii8, only in four instances
as little as 100-5 and 100.

The females of C. coccothraustcs bacn/i differ iu size of bill and wings, much
paler and more greyish crown, and in their paler and less yellowish rump and
upper tail-coverts. The wings of seven Algerian females measure 90 to 98 and
one 99 mm.

The iris of the males is pale grey, that of the females duller and more brownish
grey, the feet are of a brownish flesh-colour, and the bills — our whole series
consisting of spring specimens — are bluish, or more correctly basally pale bluish
grey, with the lateral parts and tip bluish slate, and the lower jaw whitish in
the middle.

We only met with the Hawfinch in three places : at Batna and its sur-
roundings, as far as the woods above Larabese ; at Algiers ; and at Hammam
Meskoutine. At Batna they were common and in flocks during the first week
of May. One saw them in the trees in the middle of the little town, and in the
gardens around, busily engaged iu feeding upon the green seeds of the elm-trees
which began to ripen. We saw them also along the roads to Lambese, and a few
in the forests above Lambese. Later on, during the second half of May we saw
them singly and in pairs near Hammam Meskoutine. They were generally not in
the least shy, but rather tame.

111. Loxia curvirostra poliogyna Whit.

We obtained a single male, partially dull red, partially yellowish green near
Algiers town on February T,, 1909. It shows the high and tliick beak of the
N.W. African form.

Wing : 96'5 mm.

One of us heard Crossbills in the high Aleppo pines near Lambese, but could
not get sight of a specimen.

In 1911 we found the Crossbill (juite common iu the pine-wooJs near Algiers
in Janiuiry. Young striped birds were shot, an adult female with large breeding
patch and an almost full-grown egg, on January 27, 1911. Also an adult male
which shows very little red; in fact, briglit red males of this race appear to be rare.
Crossbills — young striped ones and old — svere also seen aui heard iu May near
Hammam R'hira. The olil female shows hardly any green.

11. Chloris chloris aurantiiventris (<'ab.).

This form was first described from a male from the south of France.
Specimens from N.W. Africa, Spain, and South France do not seem to
diti'er, and they form a rather distinct, brighter, more yellow subspecies of
6'. chloris chloris.

According to Whitaker {B. Tunisia, i. p. 197; the northern form {C. c. chloris)
occurs in winter iu Algeria. We have not tried to collect Greenfinches in winter,
though we have observed small flocks near Algiers.

(J. c. aurantiicentris breeds commonly in the wooded ilistricls of Northern
Algeria from Algiers to Batna and Lambese, and farther west as far south as
LaKhouat. We collected a series of males and some eggs near Hammam Meskoutine

( 4:fi )

and Batiia. Nests were f'onud ou Aleppo pines near Algiers and Batna, and in
olive-trees near Hammam Meskoutine from the first week of May till the middle
of that mouth.

The eggs measure as follows: clutch of five: 28 x 15, 22'3 x 15'2, 22 x 15,
23-0 X 15-2, and 23 x loo; clutch of four: 208 x 14-9, 205 x 14-8, 20-3 x 141,
and 19-8 x 14 : another clutch of four : 212 x 148, 198 x 14-8, 20o x 149, and
207 X lo mm. All the eggs are rather pointed.

The wings of our adult males measure 8o-8!) mm.

Iris brown. Feet brownish flesh-colour. Bill brownish flesh-colour, lower
mandible whitish.

12. Carduelis carduelis africanus (Hart.)

Aninlhis nirdaelis nfriaiiiiix Hartcrt, Viitj. pid. Fniina i. p. (i',1 (Spain and X.W. Africa; type:
W. Morocco).

The Goldfinch of N.W. Africa is so closely allied to the one from Madeira,
that it cannot be said to differ from the latter except by the generally larger bill,
the culmeu measuring up to 16'1 mm. The colour-diflFerences supposed to e.xist
between the two forms are not constant, these birds dilfering much according to
season; the appearance of the white nuchal patch is a very uncertain character,
as it depends a good deal on the preparation. The size of the N.W. African
form is about the same as that of the Madeirau form, our present fine series
showing that the latter are not constantly smaller. The bill in africanus is
generally larger and thicker at base, but single specimens are found in which
this character is not visible, and perhaps Moroccan birds have the bills — as a
rule — somewhat thicker.

The Goldfinch is common an<l breeds from Algiers town and Bone in the north
to Laghouat and El Kantara, where we obtained eggs ; we have seen it at Biskra,
as late as the end of April, and it undoubtedly breeds at Biskra as well. South
of Biskra and of Laghouat we have not seen a specimen.

The wings in our series of males measure about 74-77, in a male from Seksawa
in the Atlas in S.W. Morocco (Biggenbach) even 80 mm.

13. Carduelis cannabina nana (Tschusi).

The small North-West-African form of the Linnet — differing only in its shorter
wings, while the beak is, on the contrary, inclined to be large — is very common
from the sea-shore to Biskra. It breeds near El Kantara, and probably also at
Biskra, but not farther south. We found it not rare at Boghari, but did not see
it at Laghouat or farther south. The wings of our Algerian males measure
75-76'5 mm.

Flocks of Linnets are seen in winter, and these are said to be northern migrants.
We have no doubt that this is unite, or at least partially, correct, because an adult
male shot in the palm-groves of the oasis of Biskra, on February 22, 1908 (No. 12),
has a wing of fnlly ><o o mm., and mnst belong to the northern Carduelis cannabina
caimubinii.

14. Carduelis spinus (L.).

This bird, which is probably not a regular winter visitant to Algeria, was
common at Hammam Meskoutine in February lull. On the 8th, while having
our luncheon in the new restaurant, we saw a flock feeding ou the grass outside

( 477 )

the window, and soon obtained half a dozen. Afterwards we saw flocks almost
daily up to the 18th of the month.

15. Serinus canaria serinus (L.).

More or less common from Algiers and Bune to Biskra and the other oases at
the foot of the Atlas range, but not noticed south of Biskra. Farther west
Laghouat is the southern limit of its occurrence. We cannot j)rove that it breeds
near Laghouat, and in fact we saw none in the gardens towards the end of April,
but flocks were seen outside the town on April 10.

Hi. Erythrospiza githaginea zedlitzi Neum.

Erytlirvtipiza (jithaginea zedlitzi Neumann, Ont. Motmt^her. 1907 p. 14.5 (Algeria and Tunisia : Type,
Biskra) .

The specimens from Algeria and Tunisia are generally larger than those from
Nubia and Upper Kgypt. While the wings in the males of our small series from
Nubia measure about 82-85, those from Algeria and Tunisia have wings ranging
from 85 to 90, and only one has a wing of only 84 mm. Gener.illy the bill is also
slightly larger in the western form, but the difieronce is small. Looking at the
series it is farther evident that the crown of the head is greyer, more ashy, in the
Nubian birds, more brownish in those from Algeria and Tnuisia, and the rosy edges
to the feathers of the bodj'-phimage are wider in E. g. zedlitzi.

The "Trnmpeter" is found only sonth of the Atlas. Coming from the north
it commences at Boghar: and just north of El Kantara, and is not rare on bare
rocky ranges from El Kantara to Biskra, on the Djcbel Bon CThezal, and on rocky
hills near Uhetma, Zaatcha, and on the Djebel Amarkhaddou. It is also common
at Laghouat. South of Biskra it ceases entirely, and is not fonnd anywhere between
Biskra and Touggourt, nor elsewhere in the real desert; it extends, however,
south to the Mzab country, where it is not rare abont Ghardaia, among the
rocky hills.

We found the " Trumpeter " generally rather silent, and its often described
vibrating trumpet-note is a fine, small sound, which cannot be heard far even
when only a moderate wind is blowing.

The iris is dark brown, feet bright reddish brown, and the bill orange, with
the extreme tip brown.

Nothing has so far been on record about tliis bird from Morocco. Mr. Riggen-
bach, however, sent us a male, obtained on June 11 at Tizi in the S.W. Atlas.
Its wings are so mnch worn that they cannot be measured ; the beak is very thick,
in fact as thick as in E.g. amantium from the Canary Islands. It would be interest-
ing to compare a series !

(Mr. Neumann mentions as one of the localities '' Constantine." Unless the
specimen thus labelled in the Berlin Museum has been a stray bird, it can hardly
have come from that town, which is north of its range, and of a very different nature
from its real home in South Algeria.)

17. Fringilla coelebs coelebs L.

The Enriipean (.'halHnch is known to occur in Algeria and Tunisia, but has
always been supposed to be rare. Nobody has proved the ChafHnch to breed in
Algeria, though Dixon declared that he found it common near Philippeville as late

( 478)

as the middle of May. If this ohservatioii is correct, one would, from that date,
suggest that they were breeding, and it is to be much regretted that this (juestion
was not investigated. In I'Jits we did not come across any Chaffinches, but in 1909
we obtained two males and two females near the town of Algiers, ou February 27,
where they appeared to be common. We also saw examples near Algiers and
Hammam Meskoutiae in January and February 1911.

IS. Fringilla coelebs africana Lev.

(Cf. Hartert, Vijg. jml. Fauna i. p. 127.)

The Algerian Chaffinch is very common in the gardens and woods of Northern
Algeria. We found it common at the " Bois de Boulogne "' ami other woods and
parks near Algiers, near C'onstantine, at Batna and Lamliese, near Hammam K'liira,
Bone aud Hammam Meskoutiue. In all these districts it is breeding and resident.
We also came across it at El Kantara and Biskra in the month of March, but
■whether it was breeding in these places we doubt very much. No specimens were
seen at Laghouat in April 1911.

Eggs were taken near Batna on May 8, and at Hammam Meskoutine on
May 17. Nests and eggs do not differ in any essential way from those of F. coelebs
coelebs. We found one nest in an olive-tree, others in pines. The eggs we
took measure 217 x l.rl, 22-1 x 15, 20 x 15, 19-7 x 15-1, 19-1 x 15, and
19'5 X lo'l mm.

The distribution of F. coelebs africana is a wide one, as it extends from Algeria
to the south-west Atlas in Southern Morocco. It was found there near Mogador,
and more common near Imiutanout, Tamaronth, 8eksawa and Imizeu in the Atlas
Mountains. On the other hand it is replaced by the rather paler F. coelebs spodio-
fjeni/s in parts of Tunisia, and by the smaller and darker F. coelebs koenigi in the
neighbourhood of Tangier in North Morocco.

Mr. Whitaker {B. Tunisia, i. j). 215) says that we have separated F. coelebs
koenigi (F. spotliogeiiys koenigi Rothschild and Hartert, Orn. Monatsber. 1893,
p. 97, 1894, p. 75), but scarcely on sufficient grounds. Probably Mr. Whitaker
mixed together his specimens from the south and north of Morocco, for, if he had
compared a series from Tangier only, he would have seen at a glance, if nothing
else the smaller beak and the very small amount of white at the bases of the
median secondaries, in comparison to the Tunisian spudiogcngs and the south
Moroccan and Algerian africana. In our collection only the series from Tangier
is referable to koenigi, and it was jirobably a mistake that one of us included such
localities as Marrakoah, Tilula and Bas-el-Ain in the range of koenigi {Viig. pal.
Fauna i. p. 128).

Near Mazagan one of us, during a week's camping out in a most suitable
orange-wood on the banks of the Gum R'bia, particularly noticed the absence of
Finches ; and Mr. Riggenbach, who collected there several years, never obtained an
example anywhere near Blazagan.

19. Petronia petronia barbara Va\.

Vol/. ]ial. Fauna i. pp. 143, xxi. note G.

Kollibay {Orn. Mo7iatsber. 1905, p. 24) separated the Algerian form under the
name oi Petronia petronia algeriensis. We have carefully compared 13 Algerian
skins with 10 from Tunisia, but cannot lind the slightest diti'erence. The Algerian
birds must therefore be united with /'. p. barhard of Tunisia.

( 479)

The Rock-iSpiirrow is widely sjiread in AIu:yria. lu Nortliern Algeria we foniul
it, in February and on May 15, on the Djebel Taya, at an altitude of IiJiJU m. and
higher. Near EI Kantara we came across it several times, and twice saw it close
to Biskra. Wherever we saw or heard it, it was very shy, so that we only managed
to shoot a few specimens on the Djebel Taya, and two at El Kantara. Near
Biskra they were so wild that we could not get a shot at one. On Tenerife one
of us found Rock-Sijarrows (Petronia petroida muflrirrnsis) not at all shy.

Mr. Fliickiger collected P. p. barbara near Batua and Lambese, and at Kerrata
in North Algeria. South of Biskra it has not been noticed.

20, 21. The Sparrows.
(Plate XL, and explanation.)

There has been much uncertainty about the Sparrows of N.W. Africa. It has
been generally admitted that both Passer domesticas a,nd kispaniolensis ave common,
while several authors also supposed Passer italiac to be more or less numerous (cf.
Loche, Koenig, Whitaker, especially B. Tunisia i. p. 205). Some ornitiiologists
(Meade-Waldo in Morocco, AVhitaker in Tunisia) have also stated that they met
with evident hybrids, and AVhitaker (t.c. p. 2ii;5j informs us " that in some villages
of Western Tnnisia a bastard race is found, partaking of the characters of both
species." In 1904 one of us, when reviewing the Sparrows for his work on the
Birds of the Palaearctic Fauna {Vog. pal. Fauna i. jip. 147-58), noticed differences
between the House-Sparrows of N.W. Africa and those from Europe, and employed
for the former the name Passer domesticus tingitarms Loche, and he refuted the
idea of the occurrence of P. italiae in N.W. Africa, while he was doubtful about the
alleged hybrids (p. 152, note). Hybrids — as we now know them to be — were named
"Passer ahaseer^'' by Mr. Kleinschmidt {On/. Moiiatsber. 1904, p. 7), and the
more or less established bastard race of the southern oases has been called " Passer
Jlilckigeri" by the same author, from Algerian specimens {Orn. Mo/iafsber. 1904,
p. 158, type Touggourt), and " Passer italiae bergeri " by Graf Zedlitz, from
Tunisian examples {Orn. Monnt.-fher. 1908, p. 41, type Gafsa).

Our observations and collections in Algeria have definitely shown that both
P. domesticus (in a slightly differentiated form, for which the name P. domesticus
tirigitanus is now being usedj, and P. hispaniolensis occur, that P. italiae does not
occur, aud that the House Sparrows interbreed freely with the Spanish Sparrows,
to such an extent that in many places it is easier to get hybrids than j)ure-bred
examples of either the House or the Spanish Sparrow, and that in the oases of the
south a bastard race with chestnut crown has become more or less fixed, so that
only three or four birds were found there which one might call liispanioleKsis
while collecting a series of over forty specimens, and seven which show unquestion-
ably an admixture of domesticus-coloiw on the crown, though with much accentuated
black bases to the feathers, these black bases being characteristic of the
N.W. African race. On the other hand, we have not been able to obtain a single
undoubtedly jmre P. domesticus tinyitanns in Touggourt or El Oued, although we
were constantly on the look-out for grey-headed Sparrows : we have, however,
received a male from Mr. Fliickiger, shot in the oasis of Touggourt on April 2,
1904 (No. 182 of the Fliickiger collection), which lias the whole crown grey, with
ihe black bases showing through, yet the chestnut colour encroaches a little
behind the eyes ; the sides have no black stripes.

In and around Algiers town Sparrows are extremely numerous, and many

32

(480)

thousands retire with great noise to the ]ialms on tlie Place de la Republiqne for
the ni°:ht. There it is of course imjiossibie to shoot any, but near Mustaplia
Snjicrieur, the residential suburb of Algiers, we obtained a few specimens, which
show that even here hybridisation takes place, for one male has the crown grey
with chestnut centres to the feathers. Near Hammam Meskontine, in North
Algeria, we have collected a series, amongst which are several absolutely typiciil,
and even uUra-typical Iiixpaniolfrtitis, with enormonsly wide black stripes along tlie
sides, others which one might almost call typical doinebticus, showing very little
of the black bases to the feathers of the crown characteristic for P. domesticus
t/iiffitanns, while others show them greatly enlarged, so that nearly the whole
crown is black, and some of the latter distinctly show a strain of liispainolcHsia
blood l)y having some black stripes on the sides of the breast. The majority
of the males from Hammam Meskontine, however, have the crowns mixed black
and grey and chestnut in various degrees, and the sides eitlier uustriped, with
indications of stripes only, or with a small amount of stri])ing.

At Batna, in the Southern Atlas range, we shot the purest P. domcuticiis
tinqitanus S, with a bluish grey crown and no lateral stripes ; another male which,
though the striping is somewhat sparse, one might call hispaniolensis, one with an
almost black crown ; and another with the crown mixed grey and chestnut. At
El Kantara pure /ii.yjaiiioli>i>sis, pure domenticus tingitaims, and a number of evident
hybrids were obtained. It was in 19U8, when we came to Biskra, where Sparrows
are exceedingly common, that our interest in the Sparrows received the greatest
imimlse.

Mr. Steinbach, who was then staying at Biskra for his health, showed us
two Sparrows which he had sent to Professor Reichenow, and which had been
returned to him marked as " Passer bergeriT Soon after we received by post
No. 3 of the Ornith. Monatsher. vol. xvi., in which Count Zedlitz had described
^'Passer italiae bergeri" Certainly the skins which Mr. Steinbach showed us
agreed with Zedlitz's description, but we liad already collected in the same place
both typical hispaniolensis and domesticus tingitanus, as well as evident hybrids.

From that time we have lost no opportunity of collecting Sparrows, and we have
now before us a series of 144 Algerian males and '.50 females, the latter, however,
being of very little use, as they teach us nothing, for the females of the various
forms are hardly distinguishable.

With regard to P. italiae we must point out that, although some of the bastard
forms with chestnut heads and no stripes on the sides are not easy to distinguish
from true ifalitie, the latter has the back more chestnut rufous striped with
black, and with little bufi" only, while the so-called italiae from Algeria has the
back buff, striped with black, with little or no chestnut, therefore much lighter and
less rufous. These so-called italiae from N.W. Africa have afterwards been
called /f/'''/7V/(V7' and bergeri. Had a series of these liirds been carefully compared
with a series from Italy, they could not have been considered to be true italinc.
Count Zedlitz, having collected only three skins, could not know that they were
a bastard race, and under the circumstances his course — i.e. separating them as a
new subspecies of italiae — was not at all unwise, though we now know that it
is not right.

One more fact must be pointed out :

Comparing 50 males from the southern oases (Touggourt. El Oued, and
Gafsa in Tunisia) with an ei|nal number of males from Northern Algeria, it is

( 481 )-

iiiiticeable that the southern birds are lighter above, the back haviiifj hardly any
iir no chestnut, the light stripes being buff, and the edges to the quills paler,
more buff or sandy ; while northern birds have the outside of the wings darker,
more brown, and the back generally more chestnut, or in the cases of pure-bred
liispan.iolensis, more black-and-white.

The question now arises, how to name Algerian Sparrows. Ornithologists are
accustomed to put a name to their specimens, and in fact this seems to be the
Ijighest ambition of some collectors and museum officials. To us it is of little
importance comi)ared with the establishment of facts like those just now explained.
At the same time the question should be discussed, as it is sure to be raised. The
North Algerian House-sparrow with a grey head should be called Passer domesticm
tinqitanus Loche (LS67). Loche enumerated four Sparrows for Algeria:
1'. domestic us ^ fiiigitaniis, hispaulolensis, and italiae. His domestictis he described
as having a blue-grey crown, tingitanus with a dark brownish grey crown (" gris
brunatre fonce "), liispaniolcnsis with a chestnut crown and striped sides, and
" italiae " — by which name he evidently meant the southern hybrids — with a
chestnut crown and no stripes on the sides. His name timjitanns (ex Bonaparte,
nomen nudum) evidently refers to males with the brownish edges to the feathers
of the crown not worn oif, the latter becoming pure bluish-grey only when worn.

Therefore in Northern Algeria we have P. domesticiis tingitanus and
P. /lisjjfiniolensis hispaniolensis, with hybrids between the two. The southern
birds, on the other hand, are a nomenclatorial puzzle. Our rules of nomenclature
— now almost universally adopted, with the exception of a number of British
and a few other ornithologists — provide for genera, species, and subspecies, but of
course not for a bastard race "in the making." As we have said before, the
series of southern birds (Touggourt, El Oued, etc.) is, without exception, pale
and separable from the northern birds, while those from Biskra and El Kaatara
also agree better with the southern ones, but are sometimes intermediate. The
i\&me6, tliicltigeri, ahascer {hoi]i oi 1904, and both printed on the same page, but
jlilckigeri fortunately standing first), and bcrgcri, refer to the southern race, at
least this is absolutely certain with jii-lckigcri and hergcri, while from Marrakesh,
the typical locality of ahasser, a series is not available. One might therefore call
the race of the southern oases '' forma hybrida JfAckigeri.'''' It is remarkable,
however, that those birds which we may call pure liispnuioleitsis from the south
are also paler, while, as we have said above, none of our southern birds can
be called absolutely pure grey-headed House-sparrows.

To illustrate our observations, a number of Sparrows' heads are figured on
I'late XI. (See explanation of plate.)

Regarding the habits, we may observe that in Biskra, El Kantara, and
elsewhere in the south all Sparrows live together, and nest both in the date-palms
and on buildings, if they find suitable holes in them. We could not say if in
North Algeria the Spanish and the House-sparrow live separately, and whether
/'. hispaniolensis has remained true to its nesting in trees, while it is well known
tliiit /'. domesticus tinqitaxus (like P. domesticm domesticus) breeds chiefly on
buildings, but also frequently in trees.

We have shot, eighteen miles south of Biskra, at an isolated " Bordj," both
typical hisj>nniolcnsis and an almost typical tiiaiitanus with one shot out of the
same flock, and both species as well as -hybrids out of the same tree at El Kantara,
where they were assembling in the evening.

(482)

The above was written in I'.tlii. In the year 1011 we cnnid not speiul as much
time on Sparrows as before. At Boghari we saw (in the hotel-yard) only
P. domesticus tingitaiius, and collected fonr Kne males, two hardly showing any
black bases on the crown, one so much that the head appeared black with grey
margins. At Tilrhemjit one male was a typical fiiii/ifaiixx, the other had a chestnnt
)>ateh on the forehead, and the light back of hixpanioleiiiiiif, as well as some
lateral stripes. At Ghardaia five males were shot, all without lateral striations,
three with grey heads, two with some admixture of chestnnt. True hisjmniolensis
were not noticed by us. At Algiers, besides grej'-headed birds, a chestnnt- headed
male was shot, but its back is not at all light.

-!:-'. Passer simplex saharae Rrl.

We have carefully compared the types of P. simplex from Nubia in the
Berlin Museum with our skins, and find that it is unite true that the males from
Nubia are darker grey, and somewhat more brownish on the ui)i)er surface, than
those from the Tunisian and Algerian Sahara, while the females are more rufeseent.
The same difference is obvious in a pair (cotypes) from Nubia in the Riocour
Cdllection, received by Riocour in exchange from Lichtenstciii. It must, however,
not be fnrgotten that the Nubian specimens are nearly a century old, and that fresh
material is highly desirable from Nubia, where all recent explorers failed to come
across this bird. The light bill of the Nubian bird, in opposition to a black beak in
P. simplex sakaraf, is not a subspecific character, but is the diB'erence between
birds shot in autumn and in the breeding season. This is evident from our Tunisian
and Algerian skins, and Heuglin described the bill of the old male as black,
while the types of Passer simplex, being shot in November, have light bills.
The difference in size between the two forms is minnte, if it exists at all.

This lovely Sparrow inhabits only the regions of the sand-dunes, where it is
chiefly seen near wells. Koeuig found it breeding in the wells, but we found nests
in trees, like Tristram half a century ago. We saw these 8[>arrows only feeding
on the ground.

They are not found anywhere between Biskra and Tonggourt, nor very near
Touggourt to the south. The first time we came across them was at a place about
one-fourth of the way to El Oued. Here Hartert found a nest at a height of six
feet on a young date-palm on April 4. It was built in the angle where the first
leaves were growing, and consisted of straw and hay, lined with some feathers.

Unfortunately Hilgert, who was walking on the other side of a high dune, and
knew nothing of the nest, shot the female. The nest was empty, the birds were
evidently still building, and so we did not get the eggs. A similar bad fortune
was ours on the way back from El Oued, on April 11, when we found a small hole
in one of the stunted, low trees of Ephedra elata. Hilgert tore the stem to pieces
with herculean strength, but our disappointment was great when we found only a
ready-built nest of the Sparrow, and no eggs.

Altogether we shot three males and three females. The males had the
bill uniform black, iris dark brown, feet very light brown, almost of a brownish
flesh-colour.

In the females the bill is deep brown, almost black, but tlie basal half or
two-thirds of the lower and part of the upper mandible are pale horn-brown.

Wings : males 78-T9-5, females 75-77 mm.

Dybovvski coHec'ted the Desert Sparrow at El Golea.

( 483)

The Arabs in Algeria call the bird " Zaoiich aliiail," meaning the " White
Sparrow."

23. Emberiza calandra I/.

The Corn Bnnting is a very common liinl all over Algeria, from the coast
to the southern slopes of the Atlas. Even a few miles sooth of Biskra, as far
as corn is planted, it is common enongh, but farther south it has not been
noticed. Farther westwards we saw it as far sonth as Laghonat.

Dr. Parrot has recently sej)arated the Corsican form (/?. calandra ohsctira,
Orn. Momitsber. 191U, p. 153). We have no specimens from Corsica, but cannot
see any differences in a series from Sardinia, nor iire we able to separate the
Algerian and Moroccan birds. In the latter country the species is common near
Mazagan, and Mr. Riggenbach sent a specimen from Imintanont, where it was
breeding, in the Atlas. A clutch of five fresh eggs was found on May 19.

24. Emberiza cia africaua Le Roi.

We met with this species above Lambese, at the edge of an oak-forest, on
May 5, and at an altitude of 1800 m., on a bare plateau with hardly a bush,
on the Djebel Mahinel, on May 12. In both places the birds were undoubtedly
nesting, being found in pairs and in full song, with the testes enlarged. We
found the iris light rufous brown, feet very light brown, almost whitish, the upper
mandible dark bluish horn-colour, the lower pale bluish horn-colour.

Mr. Riggenbach has sent ns skins from Fenzou, Tizi Oicus, and Taraarouth,
in the Atlas of S.W. Morocco.

We have also a si)ecimen collected by Mr. Elwes near Lambese, in 1882.
Professor Koenig does not mention having seen it in Algeria.

In I'.Ul we shot a male at a considerable height on Djebel Taya, on
February 14, 1911, and saw others among the juniper bushes near El Kantara.

Dr. le Roi (Orn. Monatxfii'r. 1911, p. 79) separated the North African form
under the name E. cia africana. This subspecies is easily recognisable, the grey of
the throat not reaching so far on to the chest, the abdomen being as a rule very
slightly paler, and the bill slenderer and longer. The chin is, however, not more
whitish in freshly moulted specimens.

25. Emberiza cirlus L.

We have several times seen and heard the Cirl Bunting near Batna, and
at El Kantara in March. A single s{)ecimen was shot at El Kantara, on
March 7. It breeds in Morocco near Mazagan, Mogador, and Seksawa, in
the S.W. Atlas.

We found the species breeding near Hammani R'hira and took a nest
with five eggs on May 20, 1911. The latter are typical, being just like
European eggs.

2(). Emberiza hortulana L.

One of us thinks he saw a male near El Kantara, and a fine male was shot
in the Dayat of Tilrhempt, between Laghonat and (Jhardaia, on April 14, 1911.

27. Emberiza schoeniclus sehoeniclus L.
A female was shot on Ihe Oued Biskra, near Biskra, February 20, 1011.

(484 )

2S. Emberiza striolata sahari T-ev.

The distribution of this \)Tetty and tame litth- l)ird is ralhcr pecnliai-. in
Tunisia and Algeria it oceurs only sonth of the Atlas. In Eastern Al>reria,
coining from the north, we Had it first aronnd and in El Kantara, then
thronghoiit the [ilain of El Outaya to Biskra, and along the southern slo])es of
the Atlas in the Zibaii oases, snch as Chetma, Tolga, and doubtless many
others. .South of the oasis of Biskra, with its pabu gardens, this bird has not
been observed, but farther west it extends more to the sonth, being foniid
numerously in the M'zab country about (Jhardaia. Still farther to the west
its distributinn southwanls is of course unknown, the sontli of Morocco beyond
the Atlas being zoologically an absolute terra incognita; but there it is found
north of the Atlas, having been shot by Mr. Riggenba('h at Imintanout in the
S.W. Atlas, and two specimens near Mazagan, while it is common in Mogador,
where one of us saw it on the market place in 19itl.

We have collected a good series in 190s and rJ09, at El Kantara and
Biskra, and in I'.'ll at Ghardaia. It would seem as if this species moulted its
body jdumage twice iu the year, for three of our specimens collected in Marcli
have part of their body plumage moulting, while October birds (from Morocco i
have evidently just iinished a moult.

Fresli eggs were fouud at Ghardaia during the second half of April I'Jll.

29. Rhamphocorys clot-bey Bj).

In 19US these extraordinary Larks were frequently seen in troops near
Biskra, from January to the first week in March, and Mr. Steinbach shot
more tiian a dozen. After the first week in March he did not see specimens.
In 1909 a pair was shot alxiut two miles from Biskra on stony ground. It
was evidently on its nesting gronud, as the female had strongly enlarged eggs,
and would have laid in about eight days' time. The iris is dark cofFee-browii,
the bill whitish blue-grey with a blackish tip, feet dirty white. We saw several
in confinement in a game-dealer's shop, which had been captured two years
before.

In 1011 we passed through the real home of h'/iamp/iocon/.-i. About five
kilometres south-west of Laghouat, on April in, a pair flew over our heads,
of which llilgert shot the male.

Flying on the motor southwards toTilrherapt, we saw none, nor near Tilrheiujit,
to our disappointment. Going farther sonth, we saw the bird at Ain Seffra, and
about 18 kilometres north of Ghardaia, but having before us long distances to
traverse, and with the constant probaliility of a breakdown, we could not do more
than shoot a couple of specimens, one Rothschild, one Hartert, neither of us
having shot the species before.

Our hojie was, to find the eggs near (Jhardaia, but we did not come across
the bird except from eight to fifteen kilometres eastwards, on the road to
Guerram. There we fouud two pairs, and saw one flying overhead, and spent many
hours iu vain in search of the valuable eggs, but whether the birds had not
yet laid (as seemed to be the case) or whether we had no luck, the coveted
j)rize was not obtained. A female shot north of Ghardaia on April 10 seemed
to have laid an egg, while the feniiile of one of the pairs east of that town,
whii'h wi' eventually shot, had the ovai'y but slightly enlarged.

(ish)

We found Rhampkoeorya clot-bey sometimes quite fearless, on other occasions,
however, shy enough. The greatest difficult)- is to see the birds, when they
go about singly or in pairs, and daring the breedinj? season they do not fly
much, and are rather silenf. Their upper surface matches the reddish sandy grey
colour of the stony desert to perfection. "W'lien they fly, the wide white ends
of the secondaries show striiiingly, and in size and manner of flight there is
a similarity to the Calandra Lark.

The usual note of this Lark is a drawn " tsi tsi," not (piite unlike the call
of Ammomanes cinctura, but stronger, louder. A male which Hartert saw
running along the ground began some notes of a joyous warbling song, but did
not continue long. On no other occasion have we heard a song, and we never
saw one of these Larks soaring in the air.

The female has the black area on the underside less extended, and is
slightly smaller: wings of males 120-130, of females 119-121 mm.

30. Melanocorypha calandra calandra (L.)

The Calandra Lark is a very common bird all around Batna and Lambese,
and Is common as far south as the last fields beyond Biskra. Somehow, in 1909,
we did not see the Calandra Lark near Hammam Meskoutine, where no other
species of Lark seemed to breed with the e.Kception of Galerida tlieklae karterti.

The specimens we collected near Batna and Biskra do not call for many
systematic remarks. The colour of the upperside varies very much individually,
so that it does not seem to be possible to separate any subspecies, except the
considerably paler M. calandra psainmochroa. Hart, from East Persia, Trans-
caspia, etc.

The bill varies very much in shape, as may be seen from tjie accompanying
figures of the beaks of two of our adult males from Southern Algeria.

In 1911 these Larks were observed in great numbers in the fields near
Laghouat. They were in full song all through the month of April, and it

was wonderful to see four, five or more males close by in the air, pouring forth
their beautiful song. The latter has no doubt been overrated by some writers,
but is nevertheless magnificent. A clutch of eggs was found on Ajiril 27. It
is of the usual type.

31. Calandrella brachydactyla brachydactyla (Leisl.)

This little Lark is exceedingly common in Algeria. It appears to winter in
the southern parts, where flocks are seen from February to the middle of Aj)ril.
In March it is perhaps the commonest bird in the desert near Biskra. The
Arabs call it " Tleesh " or " Dreesh." Two of our birds are undoubtedly breeding
birds : one shot flying off its eggs south of El Kautara, May 3, one at Lake

( 486 )

Fetzara in North Algeria, May 21. The latter is sliirhtly darker, less sandy,
than the one from El Kaiitara and, indeed, onr whole series from South Algeria :
lint this is ])roliat)ly due to the liglit edges of the feathers being more worn off.
On the whole onr series from Algeria, Tnnisia, and Morocco is more sandy on
the npper surface, and the heads are more rufous than in birds from Southern
Eurojie ; hnt it appears — ^^judging from onr series — to be impossible to draw a
line, there being too much variation. Messrs. Erlanger and Wiiitaker have used
the name "ifala" for the Tunisian form. Erlanger called all his Tunisian birds
" itala" while Mr. Whitaker says that typical liracln/dacti/lii occurs rarely in
North Tunisia.

These rare " tyjiical l/nichi/tlarfi/la " are perhaps eastern ('. Iirai-lii/ilnrti/l<i
Inngifieniiis. On March 2iJ Mr. Steinbach fired into a flock of Siiort-toed Larks
behind his house in Biskra and killed two birds which had not the usual
sandy rnfescent colour and appeared quite greyisli. One of these he gave ns.
It agrees well with dark specimens of the eastern snbsjiecies, C. /;. lontii/K'niiis
{\'i'(/. pal. Fauna i. p. 210).

In case one wishes to separate the African form from that of South Europe
the name itala cannot be used for it. " Mela/iocori//>//(i itala" Brehm {Uaiulh.
Nntunj. Vdq. JJeatsclil. p. 311, 1831) was described as coming from '' Italien,
besonders Sardinien " ; this was probably an inexactitude, as the collection
contains only a young bird and an adult, both from Sardinia. The old bird is from
July, and therefore its plumage very w^orn — moreover it is over eighty years
old ! Nevertheless it does not appear to be of so sandy a colour as most
Algerian birds; the rufous head is very obvious, but this is also not unfreijuently
the case in Southern Europe.

Hartert is now convinced that he accepted the distribution of ( '. hracki/cilaeti/la
brachydactyla to go too far eastwards : specimens from Eastern Persia and
Persian Baluchistan evidently all belong to the eastern form (lomjiijeniiis), and
the latter occurs also in the autumn in Palestine, where, however, birds
apparently not different from the Western form are breeding. The Hon.
N. Charles Rotiischild collected the latter near Shendi in March, while in
the Natron Valley, at Bir Victoria, he obtained a rather greyish /o»i/?j/en/iis on
March 7, 1003.

On onr journey to the M'zab country, in April I'Jll, we saw docks of
these Larks near Laghonat, and thionghout the desert to Ghardaia, but they
did not seem to breed in these districts, and became less numerous towards the
end of the mouth.

32. Calandrella minoi- minor (<'ali.)

This little Lark is not so universally coujnjon as C. Iintchijddi-tijla, but some-
what local. It is not at all rare near Biskra, where it was one of tlio first birds we
shot, near "Fontaine (Jliaude." We found it neither in fields nor in the sandy
desert, but only on clayey ste]ipe. We came across it near Sidi Okba in March, at
" Monleina" south of Biskra, and near Onmash on March 14. In the last locality
it was undonbtedly breeding, as we saw a jiair, the male of which was singing. The
song is not loud and voluminons, but pleasant, and is uttered while on the wing or
on the ground. Mr. Fliickiger met with C. minor near liiskra in December and
January.

Large flocks were met with in the plain of El Onfaya on February 23, 1911,

( 487)

and on this da)' as well as five days Inter near Biskra three and four were killed
with one shot.

Early in Ajiril tliey were seen, evidently in pairs, near Laghonat, ami iilioiit the
middle of the niontli near one of the Dayats not far from Tilrhempt, where it was
apparently hrei-dint;, thonj,'h they diil not yet seem to have egirs.

:^3. Ammomanes deserti algeriensis iSliarpe.

Tlie distrilmtion of the varions forms of Ammomanes deserli. is not yet r|nite
certain, especially that of .1. deserti deserti and A. deserti isahelliii'i. With regard
to the Algerian form, however, it is quite certain that it is the only one inhabiting
Algeria and Tunisia as far as they are explored, and that it is very constant in these
countries. It appears to extend throughout the Sahara as far east as the Libyan
desert, where it reaches the Nile.

The Algerian commoji Desert-lark inhabits stony desert and rocky plateaux
and slopes in the sonthi-rn Atlas mountains, where it occurs frennently just north
and south of El Kantara. Near Biskra it is everywhere to be met with where the
gronnd is stony, and on the slopes of the rocky ridges in the desert, bnt not on the
top of them. Rather to our surjirise we also found it a good way south of Biskra,
near Bord ('hegga and Kef-el-Dor, in jilaces where the ground is very stony, and
even patches of bare rock appear. It is absent from the regions of the sand-dunes
and from the sebcha-depressions.

We found dutches near Biskra, April 27, 1909, and on April 3U and May 3 near
El Kanfara. The nests have cnrinns po.sitions. One was placed under a flat stone,
so that it was just protected from above ; the nest was a thick soft padded structure,
and consisted of the whitish bnff flowers of a desert plant (? Gn'iplialium), and short
j)ieces of plant-stems. The eggs were hard set, April 27, 1909. A second nest was
quite similar to the last one. A third was nnder a small bush, and by its side was
a flat stone. A fourth was also nnder a small bush, but instead of a large stone it
was on the two outward sides surrounded by a four-inch- wide wall of little stones,
evidently collected by the birds. It seems that the large stone is some sort of pro-
tection, and the birds not finding one heap np a wall of little stones themselves.
The clntches number three or four. The eggs are milk-white, almost without
gloss, with brownish grey spots, and a few underlying pale grey markings. In
another clutch the markings are more frequent and much smaller, mere dots, and
the shell is more glossy. Another has the rather glossy ground-colour cream, with
a faint pink tinge, and the spots pale reddish brown and mauve. Measurements
22-0 X 15-8, 22 x 16, 225 x loS, and 229 x 15-5 ; 22-7 x 10-9, 23-4 x l<;-3, and
23 X 10-5 ; 211 x 16,20-4 x 151, aud 20(5 x 15-7 mm.

In 1911 we found these Larks near Laghonat, on stony hills, and very common
in the M'zab valley, near the town of Ghardaia. Eggs were frequently found during
the second half of Ajiril.

34. Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor (Sund.)

At first sight the Bar-tailed Desert-lark appears to be very similar to A. deserti,
bnt a closer examination shows, in addition to the black tips to the rectrice^ that
the wing is of a very dift'erent sha[)e ; the inner secondaries are considerably long<'r
than tlie outer ones, and the secoml (first long) jirimary is about as long as the
third, or only a, millimetre or so shorter, while in A. ili'serti it is considerably
shorter.

(488)

The distribution is very interesting. While the species is absent from North
Aig:eria and the Atlas, and even tVoiu the neighlionrluiod of Biskra, it appears
suddenly on the stony desert-plain south of P.ordj Saada, between 30 and 35 kilo-
metres sonth of Biskra. Tliis stony plain is partly sandy, and it is on that kind of
soil only where we found it — stony stretches intermixed with sandy tracts ; but it is
absent from the regions of the sand-dunes proper. There is quite au amount of
variation in these birds, some being more greyish, others more isabelline, others
again more reddish ; but none approach A. phooiicura clnctiii-a from the Cape Verde
Islands or any of the Asiatic representatives.

Besides our series collected between Bordj Saada (3U km. sonth of Biskra) and
Touggonrt, we have skins from the Natron Valley near Cairo, from Kerma and
Shendi in Nubia (N. ('. Rothschild), and a pair collected by ('omte Dalmas near
Cape Blanco (" Bale dn Levrier") on May lu, 1895. As far as one can judge from
their very worn plumage, the latter do not differ from A. p. arenicolor. Iris dark
brown ; feet pale l)rownish flesh, toes greyish or whitish ; bill pale horn-colour,
tiji darker.

In 1911 we found this little Lark by no means rare from a few miles soutii of
Laghonat to the region of the Dayats, in places where the desert was not too densely
covered with stones, but where a few bushes and partly sandy or clayey soil existed.
We also came across it on the stony elevated plateau east of Gharduia, where
Ammomuiies desert i ulgerienais was also common, though the latter was more partial
to the rocky hills.

The Crested Larks.

('rested Larks are the horror of '"lumpers,"' who do not care to trouble about
closely allied forms, and the delight of those who study the geographical rejire-
sentatives of species! Moreover the Crested Larks occur in many j)arts of Sonth
Europe and North Africa in two separate species, each of which shows a similar
variation in close connection with the soil and surroundings of the areas inhabited
by them.

Of the long-billed species, Galerkla critstatu, we did not find a representative
in North Algeria, but only found forms of G. cristata sonth of El Kantara, from
Laghouat southwards to Ghardaia, and throughout the country traversed from
Biskra to Temacin, south of Touggourt; while of the other species, (ialerida
theklae, we collected four forms — a very dark one in North Algeria, a paler one in
the southern parts of the Atlas range down to Biskra, a very pale desert form in
the desert, and a red form from Laghouat to Ghardaia.

But, although we failed to find them, a darker long-billed race apjiears to exi.st
after all in Algeria. One of us united with G. c. macrorhyncha (1859) Loche's
Galerula raticlonii (described 1800); the exact locality of which was not known. There
is, however, in the Museum at Milan, which contains the greater part of the Loche
collection, a ('rested Lark named G. ramlonii, from Ain Oussera, between Djelfa
and Laghouat. This is the region of the " Hants Plateaux," with their sea of halfa-
grass. In this region we saw only a form of G. theklae, though specially looking
out for long-billed forms, but we passed through on a motor-car and did not proj)erly
collect in tliese districts. As the t/w/dae-iovm of this country is Itilyerti and not
carolinae, it is quite possible — though not necessary — that the cristata-iorm also
differs, and the Milan specimen is indeed much darker than specimens of macro-
rhyncha in the same museum, and we have a specimen from the Riocour-collection,
which is also darker. Evidently the Milan specimen is the type of randonii,

(489 )

because a male from Ain Onssera is tlie only specimen mentioned by Loche in
the Catalogue, of 1858. Although the two species fonnil in one locality ahv;iys
agree to a certain extent, and sometimes wonderfully, in their coloration, they
differ in habits. The cristata-forvafi have a short song, uttered often on the ground,
or daring a short flight, while the song of (r. theklae is longer, ver}' rarely uttered
on the ground, Imt generally while soaring skywards. This habit is noticeable in
the northern dark form, but still more in the paler ones on the southern slo])es
of the mountains ; and it is most developed in the sandy l)ale desert-form, which
often remains for twenty or thirty minutes in the air and is almost lost to sight,
its beautiful, melancholy song filling the solemn tranquillity of the desert.

The twd species, the longer-billed (i. cristala and the shorter-billed (1. t/icklac,
however, do not differ only in appearance and song, but also in their eggs : wliile
those of the forms of G. cristata have large blotches, those of the theklae-iwm% have
small spots and dots and as a rule a stronger gloss. Thus a series of clutches
presents a very different aspect, though single eggs of the one species might closelv
resemble or not be distinguishable from certain varieties of the other.

Note on Galeriua chistata MACRoRHrncnA.

The types in the Tristram collection, a male and a female, were collected
at Laghouat in South Algeria, iu November 1856.

They differ considerably in size, as is more or less the case with all
(Jrested Larks, but especially with the long-billed forms of the cntsttita grouji.
In colour they are less rufescent than G. c. nggenhachi from Morocco, a little
darker than G. c. (irenicola of the eastern Algerian Sahara (sontli of El Kantara,
Biskra, (!)ued R'hir, Touggourt, etc., and the corresponding parts of Tunisia), and
less dark than Nortb Tunisian long-billed Crested Larks. Therefore, judging
from the type sjiecimens and a still darker sjiecimen from the Riocour collection
labelled " Galerida Random" and said to come from the Algerian Sahara, one
of us united the birds from Laghouat and North Tunisia under the name of
G. c. macrorhyncha, though puzzled by their curious distinction.

Messrs. Kleinschmidt and Hilgert {Orn. Monatsber. 1905, p. 188) separated the
North Tunisian birds as G. cristata carthaginis ; this was done merely for zoo-
geographical reasons. They say (t.c. p. 19U) that the type of G. macrorhi/nc/i<t
Tristr. might be either an abnormally dark specimen of aretdcola or gafsai'. or
a light riggenbaidd, and that the distribution of the form would be enigmatical
if it were the same as " carf/iagi/d.'i" from North Tunisia. Therefore they gave
a name to the latter, but they did not attempt to say how it differed fnim
G. c. mdrrorlii/nclia and G. c. randoini. They only stated how it differed
from G. c. (irenicola and " ga/sae," which we do not separate from arenicolu. Un-
doubtedly, however, both macrorln/nclia and randoidi are nearer to cartlaKjinis
than the very j)ale areidcola.

In 1911 we were able to go down to Laghouat and collect a series of 2'i
specimens of the long-billed Crested Lark, topotypical G. crist. macrorhi/ncha, at
Laghouat and the country of the Dayats south to Ghardaia. Having shortly
before shot the long-billed Crested Larks near Biskra, we were at once struck
by their great similarity ; we had expected to ttnd a conspicuously darker and
larger form, while, according to our recollection, there was no api)reciable
difterence.

( 490 )

Makinir a loni,' story (of shootiog, skinning, carefnlly comparing and
measuring all onr material) short, we will state that in fart tho two forms
scpariiteil by Tristram in lf>oO are very closely allied, and only dilfer in having

in average slightly different dimensions, as well as a very slightly different

shade of c.olonr, the hirds from Laghonat to (ihardai'a, which chiellv inhabit the
neighbourhood of the dayats and cornfields, being generallv a little larger and
sometimes darker, those found from the plain of El Ontaya to Tonggonrt, which
iidnxbit principally nncnitivated sandy soil and often real sand-desert (thongh not
as a rnle the bare sand-dunes of the Souf), being as a rnle a little smaller and
a shade jialer, when series for series are eom]iared. The differences in the size
of the bill are very slight and not constant, thongh G. c. macrorhjncha have often
larger bills.

When one of us wrote aboat the Oested Larks l)efore, he thonght the differences
between these two forms were much greater, or he would perhaps not have
separated them from the scanty material then available. The reason for this is
that the $ type of Tristram's G. macrorhyncha is an unusually large specimen
with an excej)tionally large bill, and that his specimens have become darker,
through being more or less soiled and kept in insutlieiently tiglit-fitting cabinets
for more than half a century. Had Canon Tristram collected twenty of eacli of
these forms instead of two of one and three of the other, he would probably not
have separated them.

The i type of G. macrorln/nclia has a wing of ll>io, a culuien of 2(3, and a
tail of 75 mm.; the ? wing IlO, culmen 23, tail ')S mm. Our lo males have tlie
wings 110 5 to 116-5, and culmina up to 25, our 8 females wings of l<fj to lOo'o mm.
Our series of 70 males and females of G. crisfata arenicola measure : J wings
li):5-112, once 113 (a male from south of Tonggonrt, shot together with a fairly
small female), ? 100-104 mm. The cnlmina reach a ma.Kimum of 24, but are
generally shorter.

While the Algerian and Tunisian forms of Galerkla criatata are comparatively
easy to understand (their range of variation being much smaller), those of the
species G. tlirhlae are extremely difficult, because their variation is astounding.
Having examined (Mr. Rothschild, Ernst Hartert and Carl Hilgert, during a
visit of the latter to Tring) 132 Algerian and Tunisian specimens, belonging to
the Collections of Tring and Ingelheim, of the pale races {i.e. leaving out the
dark northern form called Iiftrtt'iti), we have made the following observations :

The series from Central Tunisia — i.e. from south of the Atlas range, about
Gafsa, from the Djebel Batoum, Djebel 8idi Aich, Djebel Tfel, Djebel Sidi ben
Aoun, the Seggi, Bou Hamran, Bir Mrabont, and thereabouts— vary from an
ujiperside of a pale sandy rufous tinge with cinnamon-rufous spots, 'to a pale buii
sand-colour with blackish lirown spots, while the majority are of a jiale greyish
sandy coloration between the two extremes. Although the extremes are strikingly
different, they are connected by intermediate ones, and there can be no doubt that
all these birds, 30 in number, belong to one form. The soil here is more or
less rocky or stony, interspersed with oases and fertile ground, and with more
or less of the scanty vegetation peculiar to such districts.

The birds from these districts were named Galerida pallida by Mr. Whitaker,
and I introduced the name super/Inn for them, liecause />"///'/" had been anticii)ated
by Brehm.

If we compare with these birds the ten skins collected by the late Baron

( 491 )

Carlo Von Erianger in the stony Sahara of Sonth Tunisia, at Tataonine, Sanger
Oued Oum el Graf, Biar Darsen, and the Djebel Sidi Ahmed ben Mohamed,
they strike us at once as being mostly of a brighter cinnamon-rnfous coloration,
only three or fonr being more greyish and blackish. Erianger made the mistake
of calling the latter (four; '■'■ suprr/fiin" while he very correctly gave a new name,
Galerida theklae carolinae (in honour of his mother, Baroness Carolina) for the
reddish specinieus ; all his birds, however, inhabiting the same area — very desolate
stony desert, ]iarti;illy flat, partially monutainoiis, with very scanty, uniform vege-
tation— belong doubtless to the same subspecies, and all the ten skins must therefore
be called G. t. carolinae. It is curions that the error of naming the less reddish
specimens from the same places " super/hia" was repeated by Messrs. Kleinschmidt
and Hilgert, in the generally excellent, carefully e(ira]iiled " Katalog der Collection
von Erianger,"' in which Mr. Kleinschmidt co-op'rated in the whole of the genus
Galerida.

So far, with the exception of one or two skins without exact locality sold
by Schliiter some years ago, only the specimens collected by the Erianger
ex])edition were known of G. t. carolinne. In April 1911 we came across many
reddish specimens of the theklae gronp near Laghonat, Tilrhempt, and east of
Ghardaia, and as soon as we came into the uniform stony desert south of
Laghonat, Hilyert remarked, "Why, this is exactly the same formation and soil
as in the Sonth Tiniislau desert, where we found ^carolinae' I"

Confronting the 36 examples which we collected near Laghonat, Tilrhempt,
and Ghardaia, we find them to come so close to " carolinae " that we must, for the
time being, unite them with the latter. It is true, however, that about I.t of the
Sonth Algerian specimens are greyish, while practically only two from Sonth Tunisia
are rather grey, and that the majority of the red South Algerian birds are sliglitly
paler than most Tunisian ones ; but we must not forget that the Sonth Tunisian series
is so much smaller, and that it was collected while Erianger and his able taxider-
mist, Mr. Hilgert, were somewhat run down after a long desert journey, and before
t bey knew the importance of and the great interest attached to their discovery. They
did not, under the circumstances, lay themselves out to get all jiossible variations ; it
is therefore quite possible, and we believe most likely, that a larger series will show
the same variation as our birds from South Algeria. Moreover all Erlanger's birds
were taken in January, all ours in April. If we unite the two forms, we must
suppose that the area of distribution of this form in South Tunisia and that in South
Algeria are connected by stony desert-])lateaux, which are all inhabited by G. t.
carolinae, while G. t. deichleri is found in the sandy desert, where the latter is
interspersed with smaller or larger stony islands, and where there is more or less
vegetation, but not in the shifting, bare dunes.

As we have said, red and grey birds were found together in the same districts,
and sometimes one of a pair was the extreme of red, the other almost the greyest
of the series.

These birds were very common on the stony desert south of Laghonat, on the
rocks close to Laghonat, in the river bed of the Oued M/i, which farther becomes
the Oued Djeddi, and just north of this river. It was found every wliere to the south
of Laghouat, was common about Tilrhempt, but rare near Ghardaia, where we only
obtained a pair 16 kilometres east of Ghardaia — the only ones we saw. AVe found
some nests near Laghouat, more or less sheltered in grass tussocks. A clutch of
four fresh eggs was found on April 10, lioth parents being shot. Unfortunately

( 492 )

these eggs were lost afterwards, but we discussed tliem, and remember well how
strikintrly they differed from the eggs of Galerit/a crixtata macrorhi/ncha, found the
same day, in being smaller, less elongate, and having nnmeruus small dots and spots
instead of large blotches. Tliis is a universal difference between eggs of the cristatn
and tlieklae forms.

Bnt forms of G. theklae are also fonnil everywhere else in Algeria. The very
dark l]irds of the north {G. t. harterti) are discussed elsewhere, buf the pale birds
found on the rocky hill-ranges near Biskra, near El Kantara and northwards to
Batiia, have hitherto been regarded as G. theklae superflua .' This is a most pardon-
able error, bnt a glance at the series of not less than fifty skins from exact localities,
collected by ourselves and Jlr. Fliickiger, show that it is not quite correct, because
these birds are all more or less greyish and never go to that reddish extreme so
common in Central Tunisia amoug topotypical G. t. siijicrfina. Out of our tifiy
birds only three or perhaps four can be said to have any reddish tinge at all, and thus
to ajiproach only slightly that coloration so common among trne super/imt. The
niiijority of these birds are quite greyish on the back and rump, and tiiis form is
much more constant than either the true superjiaa. from Central Tunisia or
G. t. ddckleri. This can be said with full confidence, because we have taken special
care to get a good series and all possible variations ; we have also the extremes of
Fliickiger's spoil, and we have seen these birds daily for weeks during three visits
to El Kantara, and often enough about Biskra and Batna, and had we ever seen
a reddish bird, we should have been most astonisiied and carried it off as a great
treasure.

As this form cannot be united with either saper/fna or caroUnae, it requires a
new name, and we projnise to call it

Galerida theklae hilgerti

alter Mr. Carl Hilgert of Ingelheim, whose knowledge of the Crested Larks of
N.W. Africa, and whose keen interest in these birds deserves all praise and
acknowledgment.

The type of this sulispecies is a male collected by ourselves at El Kantara, on
March 2, 1909, No. 42.

As we have said before, these birds are rather constant ; at the same time we
cannot deny that the twelve skins before us from Batna and Jiambese are all on
the dark side, if we may say so. They can, however, not be separated, and also the
birds we collected near Boghari and between Boghari and Ujelfa in Central Algeria
cannot be sejiarated from G. t. h)h]erti.

Thus the following forms of the genus Galeritia have been found in Algeria :

35. Galerida cristata macrorhyncha Tristr.

Oaleriila iimrrfirlii/iirhi Tii.stram, Ihix IK59, pp. 57, 4'Jfi (Northern liorder of Sahara. Types:
Laghouat, November 11 and 12, IKoli).

Common here and there near Laghouat among the cultivated fields and on the
river, among the scanty cultivation and stony stretches surrounding most of the
dayats, and (rare) to the east of Ghardaia, in a half sandy half stony plain, where
we saw one pair and obtained it.

For measurements see above.

(493)

36. Galerida cristata randonii Loche.

Galerita randonii Loche, 1858 : Nomen nudum ; first descr. : Rev. & Mail. Zonl. ISrtO. p. 150, pi. xi.,
fig. 2 (" Dans les plaiues oii croit abondamment le stipa tenacissima." Terra typica Ai'n
Oussera ; ex Cafalopiii', 1858.)

Apparently restricted to the " Hants Plateau.x."

The status of this form is as yet uucertain. It seems to have at least the size
of macrorhyncha, thus beiug larger than cartkaginis, and to be in colour between the
latter two forms.

37. Galerida cristata arenicola Tristr.

Galerida arenicola, Tristram, Ibi» 1859., pp. 58, 4'2(;. ('■ Hab. in Saharae Algeriensis regione arida."
" I met with it only in the extreme east of the Algerian and in the Tunisian Sahara ").

While in the Ibis 1859, pp. 58, 426, as quoted above, no e.\aet localities are
given, Tristram stated in his book The Great Sahara, p. 300, that he obtained the
type on January 1, 1857, a little east of Temacin, at El Onibed : this statement,
however, is wrong. The description of the "species" does not agree with the two
birds from El Ouibed, which are G. theklae deichleri, and which Tristram called
ixaheUino, and arenicola was actually got near Tamerna, between Touggourt and
Biskra, these being the specimens to which the description applies and which are
labelled as the types oi arenicola by Tristram.

We found this form from the plain of El Outaya, south of El Kantara, around
Biskra (except on the rocky hill-ranges where G. theklae hilgerti is found), and all
the way south to Touggourt and Temacin. It occurs in the sandy desert, along the
caravan routes, and here and there on cultivated land side by side with G. theklae
hilgerti, which as a rule, however, is far more a rock-haunting bird.

While there is a great amount of individual variation in colour in all the forms
of Galeridae theklae, this G. cristata arenicola is remarkably constant — in fact, a less
variable series than ours from the plain of El Outaya to Temacin could hardly be
found.

The measurements have been given above.

[Galerida cristata carthaginis Kleinschm. and Hilg.

is found in North Tunisia, but whether it occurs in North Algeria we are not able
to say. Wherever we collected in the north, we only found G. theklae karterti.
The wings of 18 skins measure only up to 113 and seldom more than 110 mm., but
generally not more than 109 to 111 mm., the smallest probably being females. The
cnlmen does not e.xceed 'Z'i'b mm. The colour is even darker and distinctly more
washed-ont than in G. c. inacrorhi/ncha.']

38. Galerida theklae harterti Erl.

Galerida Iherklae harterd EvUnger, Journ.f. Orn. 1899. p. .332 (North Alguiia and Tunisia to the
northern slopes of the Atlas. Type evidently from North Tunisia).

We found this very dark Lark, with an almost chocolate upperside, common
in the north of Algeria : in the " Sahel," i.e. the fertile region of vineyards and
fields between the coast and the northern slopes of the monntains, and all around
llamman Meskoutine to Bone, even up to l-'OD metres, on the Djebel Taya, east
of Hamman Meskoutine, between Coustantine and Guelma. We have also a
skin from Medea, one from Kerrata, and one from Uonstantinc, which evidently

r 494 )

belong! to this same form. Tin's form is also fairly constant, though occasionally
specimens are paler or otherwise darker than the average, but there is not one
of onr skins about which there could be any doubt whatever that it belongs to
the same form. We have a few skins from Schliiter in Halle, bought from an
Italian bird-skinner in Algeria and said to be from the uciglibourhood of I5une,
which are much too j)ale to belong to liartfiti, but agree well with our series of
hilgerti.

As from our own observations as well as those of other naturalists in Algeria
a lighter form of the same species has never been fonnd within the area inhabited
by a darker one, or vice versa, we do not for a moment believe that these specimens
of hilgerti ever were obtained near Bone, but they might have been bought on
the market, where they were brought from the south.

It is true that occasionally Crested Larks stray out of their area in winter
or autumn, but that a number of sj)ecimens should leave the southern slopes
of the Atlas and visit the coast near Bone canuot be admitted.

The soil where we found G. t. Iiartcrti is generally of a decj) chocolate or dark
brown colour.

AVings of the males 104 — Itiii, sometimes up to los, (ir only lti2 mm. : of
females \}~ — 1(»2 mm.

A clutch of four very hard-set eggs was fonnd on May 3, I'.lll, near Hamraam
R'hira, on the ground on a hill covered with grass and thistles, between fields
and pine-woods. The eggs are white and covered with small olive-brown spots
and underlying grey ones, thus being not nidike eggs of MotaciUa alba, or some
varieties of Lullula arborea, except for their much larger size. They measure
23-(3 X 17 4, 'Sii X 17-8, 23-6 x 17-7, and 24 x 17-7 mm.

3'J. Galerida theklae hilgerti Hothsch. & Hart.

Gakrida cristati hilgerti Rothschild :ind Hartert, aiilea., p. 4',t2.

This Lark inhabits the southern slopes of the Atlas, where we found it tVom
Batna and Lambese to El Kautara and Biskra ; south of Biskra it (lisap]iears,
and is represented south of Bordj Saada by 0. theklae deichleri; farther west
we found it from Boghari to Ain Oussera. It is always found on stony ground
or dry stony tields, and mostly on the bare rocky hillsides, among slabs and
boulders of stone. It is very common all round El Kantara, on the foot and
slopes of Djebel Metlili, and especially in the pictures(|ue Gorge of Tilatou, and
niar Batna. This race is constant enough, though, as in almost every bird, a certain
amount of variation is noticeable. The colour of the upper surface may generally
be called a ]iale sandy greyish brown. The soil where it is found is mostly of
a ]ialc sandy clay-colonr, but it is also met with on the dark soil of fields within
its area.

Wings of males Hl4 — lUtS, females 'J.i — l((l and even 102 mm.

In the corresponding districts of Tunisia this form is represented by G. theklae
s>ii>er/hia.

411. Galerida theklae carolinae Erl.

Galerida crisUtIa carulinar Erlanger, Oni. Mniialxhei: 1897. p. 186 (" Hab. ia Sahara petraica
Tunesiae, typus ex Oued-oum el Oraf ").

As stated above, we found this form, varying greatly individually, from the
river-bed at Laghouat to the region of the Dayats, and iu a few pairs in the rocky

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hills east nf Ghardaia. In these districts it occurred to.ijether with G. crixf.ata
macrorhi/Hcha, hut while the latter was more or less partial to tlio cultivated
soil and places round the Da)'ats, this theklae form was often foniid in the most
desolate stony desert, where macrorlnjmha, did not occnr. Sometimes, neverthe-
less, especially near the Dayats, both conld be seen close together : but whenever
a male soared high in the air, pouring out its wonderful melancholy song, it was
invariably a G. theklae cvroUnae, the G. eristata, macrorhijucha making short flights
only and uttering a short song, like Central European Crested Larks.

The wings of 25 males measure 102—108, those of 12 females 05—101 mm.

Eggs were found on April 10 near Laghouat, four forming the full clutch.

41. Galerida theklae deichleri Erl.

Giilerida thcckluc deichleri Erlanger, Journ.f. Oni. 18'J'J. p. 3.39 (Douz in Tunesia).

The distribution of this beautiful sand-colonred bird is very interesting.
Travelling southwards from Biskra, after leaving the fields, one passes over
a wide plain through which the Biskra river (Oued Biskra) flows, and which is,
to a large extent, covered with Tamarix. In this plain one finds only Galerida
eristata arenicola, and no theklae. All along the caravan route to Touggourt
G. c. arenicola is more or less common, but no theklae are, as a rule, seen. Only
the last day of our journey south one of us shot a specimen of G. t. deichleri,
but our search for more was in vain. We made it a special point on our return
journey to collect this Lark ; bat tiie first, second, third, and fourth days not a
sign of it was seen. The fifth day, in the early morning, we shot a specimen
on the stony plain near Kef-el-Dor, and that same day obtained six others. That
day (April 19) and the following ones we found out how and where to find
G. t. deichleri. It does not inhabit the sand-dunes, nor the sebcha plains, but
wherever stony patches occur, like little islands, in the more sandy desert, there
it lives. There one can hear it from a distance by its flute-like, melancholy song,
uttered while soaring skywards like a skylark, and can shoot it, with some patience.
The delicate, pale, more or less reddish or light cinnamon sand-colour distinguishes
it at a glance from its northern representatives. Even the underside is much
whiter than in harterti and slightly lighter than in hilgerti, and the spots on
the chest are not deep brown, as in the latter two races, but of a much paler
brown. The coloration is sometimes almost like that of G. eristata arenicola,
but mostly very much lighter. Both G. theklae hilgerti and G. theklae deichleri
are, however, easily distinguishable from G. eristata arenicola by the shorter
and comparatively thicker bill, shorter wing, and less reddish sandy, more greyish
under wing-coverts and axillaries.

The individual variation in this subspecies is greater than in others. While
it can never be mistaken for any of the other forms we came across, some specimens
are more reddish, others more yellowish, and on April 21, about 4(J kilometres
south of Biskra, we came across a pair, which we shot, of which one, the female,
was much more greyish than any others, while the male was about the sandiest,
most reddish one we obtained.

The wings of our males measure liiO — 105, those of the females 95 — J02'5 mm.

Mr. Kiggenbach shot a female of a form of G. theklae at Hio de Oro on
June 9, 19U2. Its plumage is worn to such a degree that it is impossible to
Bay to which form it might belong, but its wings appear to be very short, aid

33

( 490 )

it is uuJoubtedly a theklae and not cristata. It might belong to G. t. caroliuae
or deichleri, or to an unknown subspecies.

We are much obliged to the authorities of the Liverpool BInsenm for kindly
sending us for examination and comparison the Algerian Crested Larks from
the Tristram Collection.

It is highly interesting that Tristram distinguished all the forms which we
separate at present, and he collected specimens of all of them except (j. cristata
raiidonii and G. the/due liilgerti, as he seems to have passed through their countries
without staying to collect much.

He calls our Galerida theklae harterti simply " Galerida cristata" our
G. theklae carolinne he named " G. ahjssinica" our G. theklae deichleri he called
" G. isabelliiM," our G. cristata arenicola is his G. arenicola, and our G. cristata
macrorhijncha his G. macrorhjncha.

Probably he was not the only one of the older ornithologists who correctly
separated all these forms, and he knew njore about them than many modern
writers, though his nomenclature was at fault, as he used names applying to very
different N.E. African forms for his Algerian discoveries, which thus remained
unnamed until Erlanger named them in 1897 and 1899. We should doubtless have
known more about Crested Larks juior to twelve years ago (Erlanger's period), if
subsecpieut ornithologists had not found Crested Larks too troublesome and lumped
them nearly all. Tristram's Larks were examined by Mr. Dresser, when he
wrote his immortal work on the Birds of Europe, and they have all labels with
Dresser's identitications, from which we learn that Dresser agreed with Tristram
in his naming of the G. macrorhyncha and G. isabellina (our 6^. t. deichleri), while
he united both Tristram's arenicola and his abijssiniea (our G. t. caroliuae) with
" Galerita cristata," thus undoing part of Tristram's work.

There are now in the Tristram collection in Liverjwol : 2 G. c. macrorhijncha,
2 G. c. -arenicola, 5 G. t. carolinae (all very red, four from Laghonat and one
from the M'zab country), and 2 G. t. deichleri from " El Ouibed " among the first
dunes east of Temaciu, in the direction of El Oued.

It is worth noticing that Tristram always spelt the name Galerida and not
Galerita, as became the custom for some time afterwards, though Galerita (with t)
was preoccupied for a genus of beetles.

42. LuUula arborea harterti Hilgert (? pallida).

Lulhila arborea harteHi Hilgert, KaUiloy C'jllectioii Erluiigrr, p. 113 (1908 — "Tuuesien," type
cJ ad. Ain bou Dries, 29. v. 1899).

Woodlarks from N.AV. Africa are certainly paler than North European
L. arbo?-ea arborea, and especially more olive, less rufous, on the back and
rump. It is, on the other hand, rather difficult to separate them from
L. arborea pallida Zarudny : our Transcaspian sjjecimeus are still paler than
Tunisian and Algerian ones, but those collected by Mr. Witherby in East Persia
aj)pear not to be separable from N.W. African ones. There are aj)iiareutly other
cases in wliich soutlierii and south-eastern birds differ from North and N.W.
European ones and are not sciiurable inter .fc. Mure material is necessary to settle
these questions.

We found Woodlarks breeding near Batna and Lambese, where Mr. Elwes in

(497 )

1882 and Fliickiger in 1902 also collected examples, while Koenig even found
the eggs.

In the early morning, in May 1911, we heard the beautil'ul song of the
Woodhirk on hills sparingly covered witii pines, near Hammam R'hira.

43. Alauda arvensis cinerea Ehmcke.

Alaiula chierea Ehmcke, Journ.f. Orit. 1903. p. 149 (Barnoul in W. Siberia).

Skylarks are abundant in Algeria, and especially iu the south. We have
collected eight specimens in February and March near Biskra and in February
near Algiers and Hammam Meskoutinc, and com[)ared a number in tlie collections
of the late Fjrlanger and Professor Koeuig. All these winter birds are very
much more greyish or mealy than European Skylarks, and it is apparently correct
to call them A. arvensis cinerea. All these winter birds have comparatively short
bills — culmen 14 to 15 mm. at the utmost. By a curious accident it happens that
all our specimens are females, but we have compared males in the collections
of Erlanger and Koenig which are not essentially diflercnt. Apjiarently these
winter Larks disappear in April.

44. Alauda arvensis harterti AVhit.

Aliuiila arvensis hartciii Whitaker, Bull. B. 0. Club xv. p. I'.l (1904 — Breeding in Tunesia).

Skylarks breed in many parts of Algeria, and in considerable numbers near
Batna and Lambese. We shot several sjiecimens near Batna, and also on the
Djebel Mahmel, at an elevation of about LSOU m., on Blay 12. All these specimens
appear to be slightly less sharply marked and not quite so mealy as the winter
Larks, but that may partly be due to the worn edges of the feathers. There is,
however, another feature which distinguishes them easily : the bill is longer
and comparatively slenderer, the culmen measuring 16 to 17 mm. We have, so far,
only a small series of four males and one female, all shot in May near Batna and
on the Djebel Mahmel. The female has, as always in Skylarks, the wing
shorter than the male, but the bill is as long as in males and still thinner.

It remains to be found out if these Larks are resident all the year round
in Algeria and Tunisia.

Curious to say, we found no Skylarks breeding at Hammam Meskoutine, nor
near Hammam R'hira.

45. Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes (,Desf.)

We found the " Bifasciated Lark" wherever sand-dunes were predominant.
Near Biskra they appear on the dunes about 15 kilometres to the south-west,
and we shot one near Sidi Okba. South of Bordj Saada it is found wherever
dunes or sandy stretches occur iu the stony plain or even in the sebcha, and near
Touggourt it is common. It liv(!s chiefly where there is some vegetation —
Limoniastnim, Saliconiia, Salsola, and other bushes — on the sand, but also among
the most desolate and bare dunes from Touggourt to El Oued. One's attention is,
at least in spring, nearly always drawn to it by its Ijeautiful sung, which consists
of a series of ascendant flute-like notes, sometimes followed by a lively twitter.
Nothing can describe the beauty of these melancholy, plaintive notes ; and the bird,
when slowly rising into the air or descending with its conspicuously black-aud-

( 498 )

wliitc wings spread out, or swiftly running along the sand, the colour of whicli it
bears to perfection, is a striking and wonderful object.

The nests we fonud were always placed on the top of a bush — generally
Limoniastrum or Salsola — and were com])osed of twigs of Linioniastrum and
other bushes, thickly felted together with risps and dry flowers, as well as cobwebs.
Among the dunes near Bordj M'Gaitla, east of Tonggourt, we found little young
birds ou April 5, while between Touggourt and Biskra several fresh nests did
not yet contain eggs by April 20.

The little )oung ones taken from the nests have tlie same colour as the old
birds, even the spots on the chest being visible, though small. The iris was
brown, the bill horn-colour, gape yellow, tongue yellow with the tip and two spots
near the base black, feet pale flesh-colour.

The Comte de Dalmas obtained this Lark at Cape Blanco (Bale do L^vier),
west coast of Sahara, in May 1 895, when cruising in his yacht along the coast.

In 1911 we observed the Bifasciated Lark near Laghouat, on the sands
south and east of the town, but only in small numbers.

40. Eremophila alpestris bilopha (Temm.)

This beautiful little Lark is eouspiouons by the black markings on the head
and throat, as well as from its peculiar call-note. It is never found in Northern
Tunisia, nor among the mountains of the southern parts we visited, and not
even near Biskra. It inhabits stony plains in the true desert, and is therefore
not uncommon near Bordj Chegga, between Biskra and Touggourt. It was there
that we found it on April 19, 20 and 21, and collected nine specimens. It was
tamer than most other Larks, and once seen easily obtained. The iris is dark
brown, feet black, bill blackish horn-colour, base of lower mandible pale bluish.

Mr. Aharoui sent us a large series of this bird from the North Syrian desert,
near Karyatain, Rhoda and Palmyra, where it is common.

South of Laghouat began another region suitable for this Shorelark, antl we
found it common enough southwards to the region of the Dayats and near
Ghardaia. Here again we were most unfortunate in not tindiug a nest. At
Laghouat we were undoubtedly too early, and so we were apparently at Tilrhempt,
■where a bird was actually observed scratching out a little depression for the
nest, which it afterwards forsook. Near Ghardaia, however, we shot a female
with an egg more thau half full-size, so tbat the time was there evidently nearly
right. Also here we found these Larks qnite fearless. They prefer the stoniest
desert, if it is not quite bare of vegetation, and especially where Helianthcmam
liiitum, a plant with beautiful yellow flowers in April, is thriving.

47. Anthus trivialis trivialis (L.j.

From the end of March and throughout April the Tree-Pipit passes through
Southern Algeria ou migration. We obtained specimens at Biskra, between Biskra
and Touggourt, and near EI Oued.

4.N. Anthus pratensis (L.).

This species also jKisses through Algeria, and we obtained a female at
" Fontaine Chaude," near Biskra, on March 19, 1909. It was common near
Hammam Meskoutinc and Biskra in February 1911.

( 499 )

49. An thus campestris (L.).

We have noticed this species on passage in April, ami obtained specimens at
Biskra, and between Tonggonrt and El Oned, and saw it near Laghouat. We also
came across it on the nesting-grounds near Batna, and 1800 m. high on Djeliel
Mahmel. Specimens vary individnally. Of two males shot on May 7, near Batna,
one is much darker, the other paler, more isabelline. The supposed eastern
subspecies {Aqrodroma campestris minor R. Blasius, ex Homeyer MS.) does not
seem to exist. Its small size and scarcely developed black malar line are peculiar
to the females. The wing of a female shot at Biskra measures barely 82 mm.

i)0. Anthus spinoletta spinoletta (L.).

We did not ourselves come across the Water-Pipit, but Steinbach shot a
female near Biskra on December 20, 1907, which we received from him. This is
perhaps the sonthernmost locality in N.W. Africa on record.

51. Motacilla flava flava L.

Nowhere did we come across any breeding Wagtails, though we particularly
looked out for them, but we saw several small parties on migration near Biskra in
Aj)ril. A male specimen shot on April 8 is M.fldra Jtarn. The same form was
common at Touggourt early in April, near Laghouat, and in the dayats near
Tilrhempt in April 1911, and a female was shot at Ghardaia on April 20. At
Touggourt we also saw M. flava rayi, and Rothschild thinks he recognised a
Black-headed Yellow Wagtail near Biskra in March. The only specimen on record
from Algeria of the latter appears to be one obtained by Loche near Ain Oussera.

52. Motacilla alba alba L.

Obtained once in Biskra in March, and common in the neighbourhood from
Febrtiary 20 to the end of the month in 1911. Also seen near Laghouat early in
April 1911.

5:!. Motacilla boarula boarula L.

Two seen and one shot on February G, 1911, at Hammam Meskontine. The
body plumage was in full moult.

54. Certhia brachydactyla mauritanica With.

The N.W. African Tree-Creeper is very closely allied and hardly distinguishable
from C. hraclif/flrirti/la vltramontnita from South Europe. Three out of our ten birds
have a distinct bull' sjiot on the fourth primary, and this spot is often absent in
ultramoniana.

We were never more astonished than when we found this bird, on March 7,
in the palm-oasis of El Kantara, where there are no other trees than date-palms
and a few apricots, oranges, and fig-trees. Nevertheless, we obtained three males
there. They were singing and quite at home among the palms.

Afterwards we fonnd these Creepers common in the oak-woods above Lambfese,
near Batna, in May, but their plumage was rather worn at that time.

Mr. Riggeubach found these Creepers in the oak-woods of Temeroui in the
Atlas of S, W, Morocco.

( 500 )

55. Parus major excelsus Buvry.

^Xe liave onl)- seen this sj)eoies near Aljjiers, at Hammam R'hira.nml Haiunifun
Meskontine. Near Alj^iers yonng birds had already left their nest for some time
on May 5. lOOS. The wiiijrs of a pair of old birds measure, S 70, ? 72 ram.

50. Parus caeruleus ultramarinus I'p.

This Titmonse is common in most suitable places in Algeria from Alsricrs to
Biskra. It is at home equally in the pine and oak woods of the north and in the
oases of El Kantara and Biskra. Farther west it goes south to Laghonat, bnt is
not found in the dayats or in Ghardaia.

57. Parus ater ledouci Malh.

We collected some specimens in the woods above Lambs'se and near Batna,
where these birds frequent the Ale)))io piues, and one of us saw some at Hammam
R'hira and Les Glacieres, Blida. The bill is dark horn-grey, almost black, the feet
of a leaden blue-grey.

58. Lanius excubitor algeriensis Less.

(Cf . Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 425.)

To our disappointment we never came across this form. Mr. Bishop, the
American ornithologist, however, bonght a specimen on Jannary 10 from an Arab
near Algiers, wlio shot it while out shooting thrushes for the market.

59. Lanius excubitor dodsoni "Whit.

'We did not obtain specimens of this subs])ecies, but a clutch of eggs received
from our faithful guide C'helli Brahim, near Batna, probably belongs to tlodsotii.
These eggs are somewhat larger than the majority of eggs of elegans.

6i». Lanius excubitor elegans Swains.

(Cf. Hartert, Toy. pal. Fauna i. p. 427 ; Nov. Zool. lOOCi, pp. 305, 396.)

We have found the pale form of the Grey Algerian Shrike from tiie plain of
El Ontaya to Biskra, all the way down to Tonggourt, and as far south as Temacin, also
between Tonggourt and El Oued. All the birds collected (eleven in all, besides which
we have another nine collected by Fliickiger near Biskra and Touggnurt) show Jitdo
variation in colour and size, and in markings only those described by Hartert. The
nests we fonnd were mostly placed in the thorny bushes of Zizijphm lotus, rarely
in Tamarix. The nests contained from 3 to 5 eggs. The earliest ones we fonnd
on March 8, and those were fairly hard-set, bnt fresh eggs were taken as late
as April 2().

The eggs measure: 28 x 19'9, 28 x 19-5, 27 x 19o, 27-2 x I'.i, and 28-5
X 19 mm. ; 26 x 19-1, 25-9 x 14, 2o-5 x 19-6, 25-5 x 18-7, and 25'5 x 185 mm.;
25-5 X 19-4 mm. ; 23-4 x 18-5, 24 x 18-8, 24 x 181, and 23-5 x 18-5 mm. ;
25-6 X 19, 26-8 x 19, 284 x 18-5 mm. ; 25 x 18-4, 24-3 x 18-7, and 24-5 x 19-1 mm. ;
26-8 X 19 mm. ; 28-8 x 18, 25 x 18-5, 25 x 18-4, and 25-7 x 18-4 mm.

During onr 1911 expedition we first came across L. e. elegans near Laghonat,
where it was not rare in the Zizyphus bnshes south of the town. The first specimen

( Ml )

we shot was in worn plumage and exceptionally dark, so that at first we thonght
we had hit upon another form, but we soon shot in the same plain specimens as
light as the lightest Bislcra ones. Farther south these Shrikes were by no means
rare in the dayats, every dayat being inhabited by one or two pairs.

These Shrikes were most numerous in the gardens of the M'zab conntry,
in the oases of Berr)'an and Ghardaia. A very curious fact is, that while they
are very wide-awake and only to be obtained with full charges of a sporting
gun in all the other places we visited (though they are more daring near their
nests), they were <|uite tame and confiding in the M'zab oases, so that it was
easy to shoot them with a very small bore walking-stick gun. While we found
these Shrikes almost entirely confined to the Zizyphua and Tamarix bushes near
Biskra and everywhere south to Touggonrt, as well as near Laghouat and in the
dayats, in the M'iiab oases they were nnnierous in tlie gardens, sitting on the fences,
palm-trees, wells and walls. They probably nested in the palms and trees of the
gardens, as in many places there were neither Zizi/p/ius nor Tamarix near. In
the M'zab country we saw young ones being fed by their parents in April. The
nestling plumage is sandy buflfy grey on the upperside, the wing-coverts and
secondaries have wide buff instead of white edges, the lores arc grey instead of
black, the sides of the breast are greyish buff, very indistinctly barred with grey.

61. Lanius senator senator L.

Laniug .senator fiiicklgeri Kleinsohmidt, Falco iii. p. 08 (1907 — Terra typica Lambfese in Algeria.)

Hartert {Vi'ig. pal. Fauna i. pp. 43.j, 43()) has described the variations of the
Red-headed or AVoodchat Shrike, and specially discussed the N.W. African liirds.
Attempts to separate the latter have repeatedly been made : Koenig and several
other authors believed that they had lighter heads, Erlanger stated they had a
stronger ochre tinge on the sides, Kleinschiuidt (in litt. 1906) thonght their rump
was lighter, Hilgert (in litt. 1906) thought their heads were deeper rufous. It is
curious that not one of these opinions is the same as the other, and that they in
two cases contradict each other. But this is not all. In 1907 (I.e.) Kleinschmidt
made another attempt to separate the N.W. African form, supplying it with a new
n&me—Lrin/us ai'iiator //'/f/z/i/rri. He then had made new discoveries: the black
frontal band was narrower on an average, and was sometimes absent in the
females, and the base of the central rectrices was "very often " white. Klein-
schmidt's name, however, cannot be accepted. It is true that in the skins
collected by Fliickiger the black frontal band is generally somewhat narrower
than in European specimens, but in some specimens from N.AV. Africa it is as wide
as in Central European ones ; it is not very rarely absent or only indicated in
the females ; but such birds— probably j'ounger individuals— occur also in various
parts of Europe. The white base to the central rectrices is of very rare
occurrence : it is not seen in any of our Algerian specimens (and we have at this
moment before us 1.5 males shot late in May and June in N.W. Africa). The
only exceptions are the ? from Tunis and a <S from Turin (Italy) mentioned
by Hartert on ]k 437 of his book. It therefore comes to this, that Algerian
(and other N.W. African) birds do not differ from European ones, although the
black frontal band is in many specimens narrower than in many European ones.
This one character is, in our opinion, not constant enough to justify the naming
of the supposed form. Kleinschmidt has not informed us how many specimens

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he compared, but probably his series was not a large one, especially of Enropean
birds. Kleinschmidt says his new name has the value that it proves that
German Laniiis senator are not N. African birds pushed onwards to the north
by a migration wave,* but were already at home on the Rhine a century and
a half ago. Certainly the history of the species proves this fact, but not the
new name given to the N.W. African bird by Kleinschmidt ! Moreover, the
creation of new names shonld not be experiments or instruments to prove his-
torical facts, but if a bird is " named," the characters given in the diagnosis
should enable us to distinguish it. We deny that this is possible in the present
case, and therefore do not admit the name /filc/t/r/eri.

With regard to the Woodchat Shrike in Algeria : it is not seen there in the
winter, its winter quarters being farther south, in Senegambia, Nigeria, and
Hausaland ; but it passes through in great numbers in April and end of March
(our first specimen seen and obtained was on March 23), and breeds commonly
near Batna, and everywhere to the nortli of Batna. We found the nests on tdive
trees and in bushes, containing eggs in May.

Among the series we collected (fifteen apparent migrants from El Oued and
Touggonrt to Biskra, and eleven breeding birds from Lambese, Batna, Hammam
Meskoutine and Alger) are two without white bases to the outer jirimaries : one
from Biskra, April 18, 1908, probably still on migration, though possibly breeding :
one from Lambfese, May 5, 1909, undoubtedly at its breeding-place. These birds
do not seem to be separable from L. senator badius of Sardinia and Corsica,
which aji[)('ars to be distinguishable by nothing but the absence of a white base to
the outer primaries.

We should be only too glad to deny the validity of the form badius, but as
all the eight adult males, shot sufficiently late in Sardinia and Corsica to be certain
that they were breeding birds, have no speculum, and Kleinschmidt also has a
series from Sardinia without speculum, this cannot be accidental, and badius must
be looked upon as a good insular race, though specimens like it are sometimes
found in N.W. Africa.

In 1911 we saw Red-headed Shrikes on passage at Tilrhempt (in the
dayats) and Laghouat, as well as a very few on their nesting-ground near Algiers
and Hammam R'hira.

62. Pycnonotus barbatus barbatus (Desf).

We only came across this bird in three places — Hammam R'hira, the ])lain of
Ai'n Mokra on Lake Fetzara, and Hammam Meskoutine — and collected a few
specimens.

It occurs only in N. Algeria. As all the allies, and especially the very
closely allied P. barbatus inornatus, are trojiical birds, the latter inhabiting W.
Africa from Senegambia to the Niger, the Algerian form (which dill'ers only in a
slightly longer wing and tail from inornatus) must have reached N.W. Africa along
the west coast, and not across the Sahara, or else we should find it in the oases and
S. Algeria generally.

We cannot understand why we did not succeed in finding the nests at Hammam
R'hira in May, when the l)irds were seen daily in the gardens.

* The term "wave" is an unhappy one for tlie phenomenon of migrator; movements, as will be
explained elsewhere.

(503 )
^3. Muscicapa hypoleuca speculigera Bp.

lliisckapa atriai/iilla sjirculigcra Bp,, Hartert, Vijg. pal. Fuiiiin i. p. 482.
Muscicapa hypoleuca specul/gera t.c. i. p. xxxix.

Wliitaker (/?. Tunisia i. p. 180) erroneously ileuies the possibility of separating
this well-marked subspecies from the European form, and the differences have been
fully pointed out by Erlanger and Hartert, I.e. We found this form not ram
during May near Lambi-se, and obtained three beautiful males, which bear out
every one of the distinctive cliaracters. None of them has any white in the tail.
The iris is dark brown, bill and feet black.

64. Muscicapa hypoleuca hypoleuca (Pall.).

{Muscicapa atiicapilla auctorum.)

We met this bird on passage near Biskra in April, also near Batna in April l."")

(1908), at Mraier, half-way between Touggourt and Biskra, April 18, and at

El Oned, Ajiril s. All these specimens were males; one had an entirely lirown

upperside, and none of the others an entirely pure black upper surface.

65. Muscicapa striata striata (Pall.).

The Spotted Flycatcher passed through Biskra on migration in April 1908.
In 1909 we found it common at Hammam Meskoutine, during the second half of
May ; it was undoubtedly -' at home," in its breeding place, though we did not
find nests — probably because it was still too early. A bird shot near Algiers, on
May 4, was also probably a breeding bird. In spite of the closest examination, we
are not able to find any character by which (o distinguish the Algerian birds from
Continental European ones. This is the more surprising as the form from the
islands of Corsica and Sardinia (J/zAsc/crt/^a .striata ti/n-heiiica Schiebel, Orii. Jahrh.
1910. p. 102 ; Parrot, Orn. MonaUher. 1910. p. 154) appears tu be different. Half
a dozen specimens from Sardinia in the Tring Mnseum have the spotting on the
forehead much less distinct, more washed out, and the striations on the underside
also a little less distinct. The supposed differences in the colour of the upperside
and size mentioned by Parrot are not borne out by our Sardinian examples.

In February we did not find any Flycatchers at Hammam Meskoutine, nor were
any noticed at Hammam R'hira in May. On passage the species was not rare in
the dayats about the middle of April.

06. Phylloscopus sibilatrix erlangeri Hart.

Vijg. pial. Fauna i. p. 510.

Unfortunately we are not able to add much to the history of this somewhat
doubtful form. We found it fairly common in the pine-woods near the town of
Algiers, from May 4 to 0, 1908, and collected three specimens. The familiar
shivering song of the English and German bird was not heard. An adult male
was also obtained half-way between Touggourt and Biskra on April 18. These
birds are rather light and yellowish, but the difference is very slight. No nest
was found !

67. Phylloscopus collybita coUybita (Vieill.).

We have not found the Chiffchatf breeding in Algeria, bat it is common in
winter and during migration. The latest date was a female shot at Biskra on
April 21, 1908. At Laghouat it was common on April 5 and 8.

( 5114

08. Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus (I..)-

We fonnd this species verj' common in March and the first week in April, near
El Kantara and Biskra, the first sjiecimen beiiis: obtaiiinl at Biskra as early as
Febrnary 26, 1911.

<)'.1. Phylloscopus bonelli bonelli (Vie-ili.).

We first came across Bonelli's Warbler at Biskra, on April 25, 1908, wlieu
it was qnite common in the so-called "mimosas" of Beni Mora. They were tlien
evidently still in migration. A male was shot at Tonggonrt on April 14, 1909.
We fonnd the species on its breeding-places in the woods above Lamb^se dnring
the first half of May 1909, whence we also have several specimens collected
by Fliickiger. Riggenbach fonnd this species in the sonth-western Atlas, in
May, at altitndes of abont looi) m, and on the Djebel S'chorr, in the province of
IJahamma, in Morocco, on May 11, 19o3. The same collector sent specimens from
Thi6s, in Senegambia, shot on March 16.

In 1911 the species was common in the dayat of Tilrhempt in the middle of
April, and we also recognised it in the tamarisks by the river bed at Ghardaia as
late as Ajiril 23.

70. Cettia cetti cetti (Marm.).

We did not often come across this species in Algeria. A few were seen near
Biskra late in Febrnary 1908, and one was shot on Febrnary 20. In 1909 we
fonnd it near Hammam Meskoutine, where it had young in May; and in 1911 it
was not rare in the thick bnshes intermingled with Arundo donax along the river
near Hammam Mesknntine in Febrnary. Its loud metallic note could often lie
heard, but we only shot one specimen.

71. Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus (L.)

Half-way between Biskra and Tonggonrt, on April l>i, 1909, a Great Reed
Warbler was seen in the bnshes near some pond and swamp. The bird was,
however, not obtained, but shot at and lost.

We also heard the song of many birds which must have been Great Reed
Warblers, in the reeds on Lake Fetzara, late in May 19o9, bnt were not able to
reach them, as no boat was available.

72. Acroceplialus streperus.
We heard the song of Reed Warblers among the reeds in the middle of
Lake Fetzara late in May 1909, bnt were not able to reach them. Judging
from the song, as heard from a distance, they must have been -4. streperus.

73. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (L.)
Met on migration from April 4 to 18 at Biskra, Djamma and Kcf-el-
Dhor between Tonggonrt and Biskra, and in its breeding-home at Lake Fetzara
in North Algeria, on May 21.

74. Hypolais icterina (VielL).
It was rather snrprising to find this specdes together with the— ai)parcntly—
commoner //. pobjijloltn in the month of May. '^^'e shot a male whicji sang

( 505 )

lustily, on May 7, 1909, near Batna. This might have still been a migrant, its
testicles being small. On the other hand an adnlt female with largely swollen
eggs was shot at Hammam Meskoutine on May 24, in cnorraonsly high netth^s,
growing like reeds close together on tlie river bank. Altliongh we did not find the
nest, it lieing too early, there can be no doubt that tin's species was nesting there.

Dr. Ansorge obtained a male in November in Angola, in wliicli the first
primary is 2 mm. longer than the primary-coverts, and a similar one has been
received from Italy, shot on September 1(1. It seems that //. Ictei-inc — at least
birds of the year — has the first primary longer in autnmn than in s])ring, and we
would call the attention of collectors to this phenomenon.

75. Hypolais polyg'lotta (Vieill.).

We fonnd this Warbler above Lambi'se on May 5, and fairly common at
Hammam R'hira and near Hammam Meskoutine during the second half of May.
Every specimen obtained is quite typical in the size of the first primary, shape
of wing, and length. The iris is brown, the feet pale brown or olive, toes more
olive, bill dark horn-lirown, lower mandible pale fleshy i)ink, inside of mouth
bright orange.

We cannot regard either the " Mehidions " or the " Icterine Warbler " as " shy
and retiring in their habits," as Mr. Whitaker calls them.

76. Hypolais pallida opaca I'ab.

This large form was found not at all rare near Hammam Meskoutine dnring
the second half of May 1909. It was undoubtedly breeding there, though we
did not find a nest. As we only obtained males, which attract one from some
distance by their song, it may be supposed that the females were sitting on
their eggs.

We also shot a male at Tonggourt on April 14, others at Biskra on April 25,
27, and 28. We take it that the Tonggonrt and Biskra specimens were still on
migration, though the dates of the latter are rather late. Probalily the jilace of
opaca is in these oases taken by reiseri.

The iris of oprrca is dark brown, the gape light orange-yellow. Feet greyi.sh
brown to brownish lead-grey, toes darker and more grey. Upper mandible
light horn-brown, lower pale yellowish or wliitish to pale pink.

We found the birds generally in tamarisks and tall nettles. The song is
less varied than that of the yellow species, somewhat monotonons and more
acrocephaline, but still at once recognisable as that of a TL/pohiis.

Tt. Hypolais pallida reiseri Hilgert.

Hypolais pallida, reiseri Hilgert, Fnlco, I'.lil.'^. p. 3 (Biskra) ; Ilartert, Viig. pal. Fauna i. p. 574.

Probably this form has been mistaken for either " pallida " or opaca by
some naturalists, and will also be found in S. Tunisia. H. p. reiseri differs from
H. p. pallida by its much paler npperside, and generally longer first primary, from
H. p. opaca by its much smaller size and paler colour.

We found //. p. reiseri at Biskra on April '20 and 'M, at Tonggonrt on
April 14, and at Mraier (half-way between Tonggonrt and Biskra) on April 18, 1909.
Its song is monotonous, like that of opaca, but very much weaker and thinner, and
can be easily distinguished.

( 5on )

That reiseri breeds at Biskrn appears to be ceifain. as it was found there as
late as May 5 (1882) by Jlr. H. J. Elwes, but was at that time mistaken for
//. ]j. pallida. As we have said under //. p. npnca, we take it that relst-ri replaces
opaca in the oases south of the Atlas Mountains during the breeding season, until
the contrary is proved.

All the rri-seri, five specimens altogether, we fi)und were either seen among
the tamarisk bushes or, at Biskra, in the so-called mimosas. The wings of our
six skins, all males, measure : 04 — 67 mm.

(We heard the song of this or another Ihjpolais at Ghardaia, on
April 22, but did not obtain the bird, which seemed to be rather grey in
appearance.)

78. Sylvia hortensis hortensis (Om.).

{Sylvia orphea olim.)
Breeds undoubtedly near Algiers and Batna, where we obtained specimens
in May, and we also shot one near Biskra, April T, which was probably on
migration. Iris pale sulphur-yellow, feet slate-grey or horn-grey, bill dark slate,
base of lower mandible bluish grey. Probably numbers winter in Algeria, as we
saw several as early as January 22 at Algiers.

79. Sylvia borin borin (Bodd.).

{Sylvia /lorteiisi.s anct. mult, errore !)

We only came across the " Garden Warbler " in two places. We shot a male
east of Touggonrt, in the desert, on April 4, and found it on its breeding-ground at
Hammam Meskoutine, where it was frequenting the gardens and olive-trees.

We have compared two pairs we collected at the latter place, and cannot find
any ditference from European birds.

80. Sylvia atricapilla atricapilla (L.)

Breeds commonly in North Algeria, migrates through the country in the
early spring, and evidently winters there, as we found it common near Algiers
town as early as January 22. It was then in full song. Possibly it only breeds
in the northernmost parts, and the birds we saw in January and February are
resident in the place.

Clutches of eggs, containing 3 and 4, mostly more or less incubated, were found
near Algiers and Hamman R'hira from May 13 to 27, lUll.

81. Sylvia communis communis Lath.

In March and April not rare near Biskra and in the oases between Biskra and
Touggourt, but all these birds were apparently on passage.

This Warliler nests in North Algeria. It was commonly breeding near
Hammam R'hira, and a clutch of 6 hard-set eggs was taken May 111, ItHl. It was
several times observed near Hammam Meskoutine, and a male was shot near Lake
Fetzara, May 21, 1909, where it was also undoubtedly breeding. The N.W. African
birds do not seem to differ in any way from European ones.

Mr. Riggeubach sent some skins from the S.W. Atlas in Morocco and from
Mazagau, but they are probably all migrants, not breeding birds.

( 507 )

82. Sylvia nana deserti (Loche).

This beautiful little Warbler, with its pure white underside and an upperside
exactly of the colour of the sand-dunes, is by no means rare in the sandy desert,
whether it is flat or forms dunes of considerable height. Koenig only came across
it 50 km. south of Touggourt, but we found it on the sand-dunes between Uumash
and Biskra, and wherever tiiere was sand of some extent, from near Kef el Dohr
southwards, between Biskra and Touggourt, while in the valleys between the dunes
on the way from Touggourt to El Oued, with scanty vegetation of Limoniastrum,
Ephedra, Callujonuin, Aristida pnngeii/s (" Driu "), here and there an Euphorbia
yui/oni<ui<i, and very fesv other i)lants, it was not rare at all. It is, however,
absent from all stony desert and sebcha. As a rule we found it somewhat shy
and wary.

The song, whicli is sometimes uttered during a short flight, like that of Si/lc/a
cominunis, but mostly while sitting on a bush, is a pleasant typically sylviine song,
not very unlike that of <S'. communis.

The nest is rather deep, somewhat shaped like that of a Keed Warbler,
though of course not woven round stems, but placed in a fork of a branch or
twig. The nests we found were conspicuous enough, from 3 to 'ih feet from the
ground in Ephedra or Calligonum bushes. They were composed of grasses, stalks
and leaves, interwoven with Gnaphalium blossoms, and softly lined with wool and
cobwebs or bits of thread. Diameter of cup 2 — 2'5 in., depth 2^ — 2>\ in.

The three eggs are white or pale greenish, spotted with pale olive-brown and pale
grey shell-marks. The markings form an ill defined ring or are mostly confined to
the big end. The eggs of a clutch we funnd on April G, 1U09, about 4i) km. west of
El Oued, measure 16'5 x 12'4, 16'2 x 12'4 and 154 x 12 mm. A week later, on
April 13, we found two empty nests, on which the birds were sitting I

Koenig {.Jonrn. J. Orii. 1895, pi. 1), figured botii sexes, but the male (in the
foreground) is much too red, not isabelline enough, and the female (in the back-
ground) looks ipiite difl'erent*. In fact the se.Kes are perfectly alike in every way I
We have collected 25 skins. Their wings measure : S 50 — 59, mostly 50 — 57 mm. ;
? 64 — 57'5, mostly 55 — 50 mm.

The iris is bright sulphur-yellow, or bright lemou-yellow ; feet cream-colour
(sometimes more yellow) ; upper bill and tip of lower horn-brown, lower and cutting
edge of upper pale flesh-colour.

83. Sylvia melanocepliala melanocephala (Gm.)

We found this bird common near Biskra, Hammam Meskontine, and Algiers, and
one male was shot near Kef el Uohr, south of Biskra, March 28, 191)9, but we could
not say if it was breeding so far south ; this last specimen has a strong rosy tinge
on the sides of the abdomen, which we do not find so well marked in any other male
in our collection.

The form from the Western Canary Islands \_S. melanocephala leucogastra
(Ledru)] is well distinguishable by its smaller size alone. Dr. Sassi's failure to
recognise it {Orn. Jahrbuch, 1908, p. 34) was probably due to his not separating the
examples from the Eastern Islands, which belong to S. m. melanocephala.

Hartert ( I'yy. pal. Eatinu, i. p. 593) raised the ipiestiou, if the form from

* Comparmg various copies, we found tliat they were not all ahke, but the faults were the
same iu all of them.

( 508 )

N.W. Africa might uot be separable on account of the pnrer white under tail-coverts.
The series now collected by us does not bear this out, although some of the males
have remarkably white under tail-coverts.

The iris is dull ochre, the orbital ring dull red, feet light brown. Bill black,
base of lower mandible pale (pale flesh, whitish).

A number of these birds appear to winter in Algeria, while others are
doubtless migratory. We found them quite common near Algiers and Hammam
Meskoutine from the last week of January to the middle of February.

Full clutches, of three eggs each, were foiind near Algiers on May 13 and 10.
The eggs, as is well known, vary very much, and our three clutches belong to three
quite different types : one clutch is pink, covered all over with faint pinkish brown
spots, another creamy white with large patches nf brown and underlying ones of
ashy grey, the third greenish white with olive-brown and greyish patches, this last
one resembling very closely the eggs of Acrocephalus streperus. The measurements
of the tirst clutch are IS'O x 14"u, IS x 14, and 18 x 14 ; those of the second
17"0 X 13-0, 17-7 X 13o and 17'3 x 13'o ; those of the third l6-7 x 14, I'J x 14-1
and lS-7 x lli-U mm. The first and third contained Cuckoo's eggs.

84, 85, SO. Sylvia cantillans.

{Si/lvia subalpina auctorum I)

Formerly all " 8ubalpine Warblers " were supposed to be the same. In 1899
Erlauger noticed differences between his Tunisian and Herzegovina specimens, but
wisely refrained from giving a new name to eitLier of these forms. In 19iiG Tschusi
{Or/i. Julnb. 1900, p. 141,i, named the Tunisian form, but he apparently based his
disliuclion chiefly on comparison with !S.E. Eunqicau examples, which are quite
different, both from the topotypical cantillans (Italy), and the i^.W. African form,
and his description is by no means clear. In 191)9 Hartert {\^oij. pal. Fauna, i.
pjj. ;j90, o97_) separated three forms :

Hi/lcia siibalpina subalpina : S.W. Europe and Italy.
,, „ inornata : N.W. Africa, and

„ „ albistriata : 8.E. Europe.

Of these the last, albistriata, differs in size and shape of wing, while the other
two are very closely allied, and only ditt'er in the colour of the underside. Never-
theless, so far they seem to be easily sejiarable, and it is by no means impossible
that even more forms might be distinguished if sufficient series were compared.

Examining our Algerian birds, we flud them to belong to all three races :

Si/lcia cantillans * inornata Tsch.

We found this race on the breeding-grounds near Batna and Lambese in May,
and also at Biskra.

A male was shot at Tilrhempt on April lo. A few specimens were obtained
near Bordj (Jhegga and at Touggourt, but they were most probably on migration.
Jlr. Kiggeiibach collected this form at Fcnzou and Temeroui, in the S.W. Atlas in
Morocco, in the middle uf A]iril.

This form has, apparently, always a more cinnamon colour on the underside

* The uume cantillans is earlier than mbalp'tna, aad rtfera to this Sijecies, not to the UartfoiU
Waiblei'j us crrouuously suppofrcU by ilichiiiuiiU.

( 509 )

and less white 'm the middle of the abdomea The sides are almost of the same
colour as the throat. Wings of onr ten males : 59 — ^61 mm.

Syhia cantlllans caidillans Pall.

This form was not rare near Biskra in March 1908, and we found it in the
desert between Touggourt and El Oned, early in April, and at El Oued itself They
mnst have been on migration. A male shot at Batna on April 16 evidently bt'longs
to this form as well.

The rnfous colour of the underside in this form is more reddish, less cinnamon
than in S. c. inornata, and the sides are much paler than the throat, the white in
the middle of the abdomen is more extended. Wings of males 59 — -60 mm. Some
males — not only antunin birds — are pale vinous underneath.

Si/loia cantillans albistriata (Brehm).

We found this bird — doubtless on migration — east of Touggourt, on A]iril 12,
and near Biskra and Ouniash in March and early April.

In colour these birds are not dift'erent from <S'. cantiUans cuntillans, except that
the edges to the wings appear to be less butfy brown, but the second primary is
longer, and the wing much longer : 63 — GT mm.

87. Sylvia conspicillata conspicillata Temm.

We found this Warbler fairly common near Biskra and Uumash from
February to April, and shot it near Zaatsha. Lt was breeding also, in small
numbers, near Laghouat and Batna.

A Very pretty nest was found in a small heap of dea'i branches of Zizi/pkui
near Laghouat, April 25, 1911. It contained two eggs of a pale greenish buff
colour, covered all over with tiny greenish brown spots and dots. i'hey are
rather pointed, and measure 17 x 127 and 16 x 12'5 mm.

These birds have a spring moult, for specimens shot during the tirst half
of March were moulting their body plumage.

88: Sylvia sarda Temm.

We shot, in 1909, four sjjecimens of ''Marmora's Warbler" : a female at Biskra,
March 18, a male at El Kantara, March 2, and two females near El Kantara,
March 6. Iris : cJ light oclire ; ¥ dull ochre or dull cinnamon-brown ; orbital
ring pale brick-red ; feet pale orange flesh-colour.

These birds were doubtless on passage.

In 1911 this bird was ijnite common at Biskra from February 21 to the
middle of March. The body plumage of most of the birds shot was moulting,
and in one case the tail also.

89. Sylvia deserticola Tristr.

This somewhat rare species breeds commonly in the .Southern Atlas range,
the so-called Aures Mountains, near Batna and Lanibe.^e, and spends the winter,
when these mountains are freiineutly covered witli deep snow for some time,
in the desert, where it was discovered by Tristram. Dixon and Elwes found
the bird on its breeding-ground near Batna, where its life- history was fully
studied ten years later.

( 51" )

The iirst specimen we obtained was a very pale female with bufi' patches
on the back, which we shot on ])assage south of Biskra on April 19. Others
were shot on the Col de Sfa near Biskra, in the desert between Biskra and Oumash,
both in March, others again in the vast sand-desert between El Oued and Tonggourt
on April 5 and 11.

When at Batiia on April 1.") and 10, iOn^, we were unable to find this bird,
which was quite common there in May 1901*. Although in 1908 we did not visit
quite the same spots, and the weather was abominable, we do not think that we
overlooked the bird, but conclude tliat it only arrives after the middle of April
on its breeding-ground. Altogether we collected six adult males and five females.

The iris is ochre, feet light reddish brown, the npper bill and tip of lower
mandible are dark horn-brown, base of lower pale brown.

Wings : Males and females 54 — 55 mm.

90. Sylvia undata toni Hart.

Neither in 1908 nor in 1909 did we come across any Dartford Warblers,
but in 1911 we had better luck. The first one was a very adult female, almost
coloured like a male, shot on January 28 near Bonzarea, a few kilometres from
Algiers, in thick gorse bushes. Afterwards we found it qnite common in the
thick bushes on the Oued Biskra, late in February and to the middle of March,
when they became rarer. These birds were doubtless on passage, but seem to
winter at Biskra, as Mr. Meade-Waldo observed them several weeks before,
and Fliickiger shot one south of Biskra on January 14, 1903. All these birds
belong to the African form ; their wings measure 49-5 to 53 mm.

Afterwards we found them common near Hararaam R'hira, where they were
breeding on the outskirts and in the middle of the pine-woods. Unfortunately
we were too late for the eggs, as the young had mostly left their nests. We
shot two of these nestlings, which are much more grey, less rufous on the upper
surface, than English young birds. Only oneof onr birds from Biskra was renewing
its rectrices ; the others were not moulting, though probably they would moult their
body-i)lumage before they bred.

The iris is cinnamon brown or brownish orange, the bare orbital ring orange
red or brick-red ; the upper bill and tip of mandible is blackish horn-brown, base
of lower dull or pale orange ; feet dull orange or yellowish brown.

91. Agrobates galactotes galactotes (Temm.).

We have only come across these birds near El Kantara and Biskra, where
they were freqiaenting opuntia hedges and tamarisk bushes, also the gardens
of Biskra. They appear to be migratory, for we never saw any until April,
while Koeuig states also that they did not arrive at Biskra uutil March 19, 1892.

',>-'. Scotocerca inquieta saharae (Loche).

This j)retty little bird is found among the thick pad-like bushes of Limoniastrum,
Ilalocnemon, and other plants, as well in the sandy desert as in the sebcha.
It is found in small numbers between Biskra and Oumash, and in the plain
of Moukina, south of Biskra, but it is much more common south of Bordj
Saada, and all the way down to Tonggourt in suitable jilaces. We have, however,
uever seen it among the dunes east of Tonggourt.

( 511 )

The nests were found well hidden in desert bushes. The}' contained three
eggs on April 19 and 2U. The nests were always longitudinal, not so round
as figured by Koenig, and they were lined with quantities of feathers of Pterocles
alchata, Houbara, and other birds.

The six eggs we took measure 15 x 11-5, 15-8 x 11-6, 16 x 11-7, 10-2 x 11",
1(5 X 11-4, and 16-4 x 11 9 mm.

On April 2i) a nest with naked young, and young being led by their parents
were seen.

The adult bird has the iris pale greenish yellow or sulphnr-yellow, feet light
orange-lirown or reddish brown (by no means pale yellow !), bill greyish brown
or brown, lower mandible, except tip, flesh-colour. The young birds have the
ins pale greyish blue, feet flesh-colour, tarsi reddish, bill fleshy horn-brown.

It is remarkable tliat three of our birds — in the middle of the breeding
season — had moulting tails, and one of them also the wings 1

In 1911 we found this species common in March, in the " Monleina " south
of Biskra, and saw a few near Laghouat, among the sand-hills near the river.
Two we shot are rather dark rufous brown, but we have similar ones from .South
Tunisia, and the shade of colour in these birds varies and becomes generally
darker in strongly worn specimens.

93. Cisticola cisticola arquatus (Miill.).

We only found this bird near Biskra, where it was not particularly rare.
All specimens shot in March, except one, a female killed March 13, 19U9, are
moulting part of their body-plumage, especially on the head, nevertheless a male
from Ajjril 28 looks already very worn.

The moutli of the male is black inside, that of the single female we shot
was of a yellowish flesh-colour, not " dark yellow."

In February and early in March 1911 Cisticola was quite common in the
Imshes near the Oued Biskra. The spring moult of the body-plumage was only
beginning. All males shot had the mouth inside entirely black, the females flesh-
colour or yellow.

04. Crateropus fulvus fulvus (Desf).

Inhabitant of desert tracts where bushes are more or less plentiful, and
especially where the Zisi/phux abounds, in which it builds its bulky nests. In
1909 we only saw it near Zaatcha, west of Biskra, on March IT, and near Burdj
(!hegga, south of the latter town. On March 26 and April 19 some Arabs brought
ns fresh eggs near Bordj Chegga, and on the same day also young birds were
found in a nest. Three more eggs were brought to us near Biskra on April 27.
The eggs vary in size from 23-2 x l(j'6 to 24o x 19 and 25 x 17 mm.

The iris of the adult birds is bright red-brown with a whitish outer ring.
Feet light stone-brown ; bill blackish brown. In a female from Laghonat the
iris was " brown with a narrow jjale sulphur-yellow outer ring."

In 1911 a few were seen and obtained near Laghonat, and whole families
were observed in the oasis of Ghardaia, but these birds were exceedingly common
in the dayats. In the impenetrable thickets of Zizuplms, which more or less
surround every dayat, they were continuously noticed. They go about generally
in strings, one following the other in single file, uttering a vibrating, trilling,

34

( 512 )

piping note ; bat they also have a fine flnte-like song, beginning high and sinking
in a scale towards the end. In the da}'ats we found many nests, but none with
eggs.

05. Turdus viscivorus deichleri Erl.

In the Vdff. d. pal. Fauna i. p. (U9 the N.W. AfVican Jlistle-tlirush is
distinguished on acconnt of its hnge bill. The account of the Tliruslies was written
before we went to Algeria in 1909, and the judgment on 7'. r. deichleri was
jirincipally based on a series from tlie S.W. Atlas in Morocco, collected by
Ri^genbach, which all have hnge bills. Unfortunately we only obtained a male
and a female near Lambfese. These do not show the hnge bills of the Moroccan
birds, bnt their beaks are slightly larger than in European birds. A better
series from Algeria must be compared before deciding whether more than one
race occurs in N.W. Africa.

On May 1 1 a fresh nest, ready made, but without eggs, was found by Hilgert
above Lambtse, where Mistle-thrushes are not rare.

In 1911 we only obtained a female in the oak forest of Djebel Taya, in
North Algeria, on February 14. This has the bill still smaller than the Lamb6se _
specimens. The wing measures 150 mm. We believe it to be a migrant from
Europe.

96. Turdus philomelos philomelos Brehra.

{Turdus musicus auct. errore, nee L. 1758 !).

A common winter visitor in the northern and central parts of Algeria, and
we have shot it as far south as El Kantara (March 11, 1909). Near Algiers it
was abundant in February 1909 and 1911, and it was extremely common near
Hamniara Meskoutine in February 1911. A few were seen at Biskra early in
Mardi 1911.

97. Turdus merula mauritanicus Hart.

We have collected a tine series of Blackbirds in the oases of El Kantara and
Oumash, near Biskra, and they are iudistiuguishal)le from our Moroccan birds
(types of T. m. mauritanicus from the Mhoiwla, on the banks of the Gum R'biah,
a day's march inland from Mazagau).

The females are very constant and very dark, the underside sooty grey
without brown. Bill orange.

We found eggs in April at Biskra and Oumash, and on May 3 in the oasis
of El Kantara. We also obtained a clutch near Lambfese on May 8, but
omitted to shoot the bird. The eggs resemble those of European Blackbirds in
every way.

98. Turdus merula algirus (Mad.).

Tlie North Algerian Blackbird is not rare in North Algeria. It is common
near Hammam Meskoutine, and in the oak-woods of Ain Mokra, on Lake Fetzara,
not rare near Algiers and in 'the woods about Hammam R'hira.

The females are of the same colour as those of T. merula mauritanicus. In
fact, the only diflerence is the smaller size. Tlie wings of the females measure
118—120 mm., against 118—128 (mostly considerably above 120) in mauritanicua.
The wings of the males (we obtained altogether six) measure 120—121, once 126,
and once, in a male shot at Alger, January 31, 1911, 130 mm.! This last bird
is not typical, of course, being rather mauritanicus according to its size, but it

( •'^13 )

is probably an exceptionally long-winged individaal. Its tnil measures only
lOT'S mm., and is thus shorter than in mauritanicus.

Unfortunately we omitted to shoot Blackbirds near Batna and Lambese, so
that we are not sure which of the forms it is that frequents those districts.

We found eggs in May. A clutch of three was already incubated.

9!1. Monticola solitarius solitarius (L.).
(Maiiticola c;/aiius auct.)

Breeds evidently from North Algeria to Batna. It is also seen in February
and March at EI Kantara, and in the oasis of Onmash ; in these latter places,
however, it keeps mostly to the villages, and we doubt if it nests there.

A few were seen near Hammam Meskoutiue and Biskra in February, ami a
male shot at the former place February 12, 1911.

liiO. Monticola saxatilis (L.).

Rock Thrushes breed in Northern Algeria, and pass through the oases of the
desert on migration. We shot them at EI Oued (April 8, 190U), and in the desert
between that town and Touggourt on April 6, 1909.

They breed, among other places, at an altitude of about 2000 m. on Djebel
Mahmel, where we sbot a fine male on May 12. It was undoubtedly breeding
there. The wing, very much worn as it is, measures 122 mm., while the
migratory male has a much longer wing. These differences, however, are probably
individual ones.

101. Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (L.).*

{Saxicolii ofiKi/it/ie auct.)

The Commiin Wheatear is a common migrant in Algeria, passing through the
country in March and April. We observed and obtained specimens at Biskra and
between Biskra and Touggourt, and at Touggourt on April 1. At El Kantara one
was shot as late as May 3, which did not belong to the large race.

102. Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa (Gm.).

Cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fuiitm i. p. 681.

We shot a male at Biskra, March 22, 1908, which we do not in the least
hesitate to regard as belonging to the big Greenland form of the Wheatear.
We also saw a specimen shot by Mr. Steiubach which seemed to belong to
this race.

103. Oenanthe oenanthe seebohmi (Dixon).

Of. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 682.

This bird, which differs from 0. oenanthe oenanthe by being lighter on the
upperside, and by the male having a black throat — though not very rarely single
white feathers are seen in the latter — is not rare on the Djebel Mahmel in the
Aures Mountains, where it was discovered by Messrs. Dixon and Elwes in 1882,
though they failed to recognise it as anything rare or new, and shot only two males !
Professor Koenig was the first to discover the female, more than ten years later.
Doubtless this very interesting Wheatear occurs on many high mountains of the

* About the generic name of the Wheatears and Chats see Mathews, Nov. Zool. 1911, p. 20. His
conclusions, we are sorry to say, are perfectly correct, and must be accepted,

(514)

Sonthern Atlas ranges, as it was not only found on the bare mountains near
Lambfese and on Djebel Chelia by Fluckiger, bat also in Morocco, in the
Western Atlas, at Tilula, Zarakten, and Seksawa by Messrs. Uodson and
IJiggenbach.

Hartert and Hilgert made a special tour to Mount Mabmel on May 12, 19i)0.
Hartert wrote about this trip :

" In the early morning we left Batna in a small automobile, picking up
an Arab guide, kindly siipi)lied by the authorities, at Laiubcse. At the foot of
Djebel Mabmel we found excellent mules with good saddles, and started at once
at a brisk pace up the mountain. At the beginning the road was good, bnt later
on it became very rough, and the crossing of several streams was not over
pleasant. However, all went well — only the guide's mule once stumbling in a
stream, without damage to itself or its rider — and after less than two hours' ride we
had left the lower regions behind. The vegetation was differeut, trees had ceased,
bushes were only seen in sheltered places ; the air became cooler, and the large
snow-patches above us looked very near. We were ou a sort of sloping [ilateau,
covered with short grass and other small plants, and with numerous stones and
boulders, here and there traversed by steep rocky ridges. Here, at a height of
abont 1700 metres, the first Oenanthe seehohni was seen by the guide, whom we
had instructed, but a torrent was between it and ourselves, and we did not
shoot it. At altitudes from about 1800 to almost 2000 metres the bird was quite
common, and it was not very difficult to obtain thirteen specimens. Indeed, we
could have collected even more, but I thought it would be wise to make use of the
opportunity, which might never occur again, to get also some of the other birds of
Djebel Mahmel, and we were quite satisfied with our series.

" It was very beautiful on the heights of Djebel Mahmel, and the sun was
shining until noon, but afterwards it became cooler and cloudy, rain threatening.
No butterflies were seen, but a moth (a new form of Eurrantliix pJuiniittrarici) was
common just below 2000 m., not far from the summit, which consists of steep, wildly
torn rocks. Black Kites and Kestrels were common. Skylarks soared in the
air, belonging to Alaiula anensis harterti Whit. ; Tawny Pipits were not rare.
Monficola mxatilis was in full song not far below the top, and Diplootociis moussieri
was numerous on the lower slopes, though one was also seen at nearly 1000 m.

" The song of Seebohm's Chat is short, somewhat harsh, though hardly
different from that of our Wheatear. No doubt eggs could easily be fouud on
Djebel Mahmel about the middle of May, but our time was too limited for a
thorough search, and it a])peared to be early. Mr. Whitaker sent a collector to
Djebel Mahmel with a view to obtaining nests and eggs of Saiicola oenanthe
seebohmi, but this man did not even come across the bird, though he professed
to have spent two days on the mountain. This appears to us (|aite impossible.
Every collector who has hitherto visited the mountain (Dixon, Koenig, Fliickigcr,
and ourselves) found the bird easily, and it is clear that Whitaker's man never
ascended the mountain itself, as he obtained only a clutch of Sajcicola hispnnica
with the female parent — and the latter sjjecies does not occur in the higher regions,
but is common down below, at 1000 to lloi) ft. or so

" At 2 p.m. it became very cold, and we began to descend. We saw many
Kestrels and Black Kites, and at the foot, among oak trees, Goracias garruln,
Blackbirds, Uiplootocus mousKiej-i, and a Falco suhbiiten jiignrtha, which, however,
we were not able to shoot, A welcome meal was prepared for us by the Arabs — a

(515 )

whole sheep roasted on a spear, kouskoas, and our own provisions brought fronl
Batna, making up the grandest meal imaginable for us, as we had had nothing to
eat from before 5 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tlie rain that had threatened broke out on our
way home, but was no longer any liindraiice to us, and we reached Batna again
before dark."

The plumages of Seebohm's (!hat have been described and figured by Dixon,
Koenig, and Hartert. It remains only to remark that Koeuig, on May 5, obtained
a male in change of plumage, and that we shot, on May \2, a male which agreed
in plumage absolutely with an adult female of the same date. It had no sign
of an ovary, hnt the right testicle was distinct, though only of the size of a
No. 12 shot. Another male was shot with large testicles, above grey, but
without any black on the throat !

It seems, therefore, that not all the males assume the final plumage during
the first year.

104. Oenanthe deserti homochroa Tristr.

(Saxicola deserti anct.)

Saxicola hnmvchroa Tristram, Ibis 1859. p. 50. (Description of a female from the Tuaiaian
Sahara.)

All Algerian and Tunisian birds have a warmer, more rufous tinge on the
upperside, than those from Nubia, whicli have a colder, less rufescent back, and a
distinct greyish tinge on the crown. They differ from the large eastern race,
0. f/eserti atrogiduHs (cf. Vog. pal. Famw i. p. 684) principally in being smaller,
still less greyish and lighter, and as a rule in having less pronounced white on the
inner webs of the ipiills. We have thus evidently to do with three, not only
two, races :

1. 0. deserti homochroa : Sahara from Cape Blanco on the Atlantic coast to
the Libyan desert and the Natron valley near Cairo, on the left side of the Nile.
(The name homochroa must be used, as it hail been given to Saharan birds, though
Tristram was mistaken in separating the female on account of its white throat.)

A male shot among the sand-dunes of Oumash, near Biskra, on April 10, 1908,
diifers from all the rest in being almost white underneath and very pale above, with
a grey tinge on the hindneck. It had strongly swollen testicles.

2. O. dtserti deserti : Nubia, and probably Palestine. The names deserti and
■paradoxa refer to the Nubian form, not to the one from the Libyan desert and
Natron valley.

3. t). deserti atrogularis : Asia (see distribution in Vog. d. pal. Fauna i.
p. 684).

O. deserti homchoroa is common in the clayey desert, as well as in the sandy
stretches, if there are hillocks hard enough for more or less permanent holes, in
which the bird can nest, or if there are slabs of hard earth, stones or bushes
giving sufficient shelter ; but it is absent from the driving sand-dunes. It is also
found on the edges of the sebcha, but is absent from the rocky mountain ranges.

It is consequently common near Biskra, and is found all the way to Tonggourt,
but not in the " Souf " It was also common near Laghouat, and seen east of
Ghardaia, where hard-sef eggs were found on April 21. The eggs are of a beautiful
greenish blue, s|iotted with rufous. South of Biskra fresh eggs were found on
April 21. One of our skins has the wing 93 mm., but generally it is not more
than 88 — 90 mm. long.

( 516 )

loo. Oenanthe hispanica hispanica (L.).
{Saxicola hispanica hispanica auct. rec).

(The confusion about the names for the western Bhick-eared and Black-throated
Chats is ended by adopting Linnaeus' oldest name of 1758, as above, and by
recognising the obvious fact that this bird is " dimoi'pliic " iiiasraucli as the black-
throated and white-throated birds belong to the same s])ecios, and this phenniuenoii
occurs both in the western and eastern races. For the application of the various
names see Hartert, Voq. tier pal. Fauna i. j)]). 685 and C87.)

This bird is common on passage from about the third week in Marcli to the
middle of Ajiril, and we found it as far south as Lagiiouat ami half-way between
Biskra and Touggourt. It also breeds commonly in North Algeria and as far south
as El Kantara, where a nearly finished nest was found on May 3. Many were seen
in May in the plain of Metidja, between the coast and the " Little Atlas," near
Alger, among the vineyards, often sitting on telegrajih wires, stones and fences.

Full clutches of three and five eggs were taken near Algiers on May 14 and
16, 1911. The nests were placed in shallow holes in quarries, about 8 and 12 feet
from the ground. The eggs are greenish blue, richly marked with pale rufous.

They measure: 21 x 15-5, 2U'9 x 155, 216 x 15-6, and 20 x 15, 214 x 15-5,
20-6 X 15-3, 21-5 x 15-5, 20-6 x 154 mm.

The males of both pairs were white-throated. The proportion of black- and
white-throated males appears to be about equal.

Iu6. Oenanthe hispanica xanthomelaeua (Hmpr. and Ehr.).

The eastern form of the Mediterranean Chat is by no means rare on passage in
Algeria. We shot one at Batna on April 15, 1908, four near Biskra on March 21
and April 3, 4, and 8, 1908, and on March 29 and 30 and April 1, north of
Touggourt and at Touggourt itself. Five are black-throated and three white-
throated.

Mr. Whitaker says he took a nest with eggs near Gafsa. This is very
extraordinar}', as the western form breeds commonly in Tunisia, and we have no
knowledge of both forms occurring together in the breeding season. Perhaps tlu-
male had remained behind unintentionally.

Iii7. Oenanthe moesta (Licht.).
{Saxicola moesta auct.)

This species is resident in the clayey and partially in the sandy and stony
desert, but is never found among the sand-dunes and in the mountains. It, is fond
of places where the soil contains salt. We fonud it consequently by no means rare
in the desert south and west of Biskra, and southwards to Tamerna Djedida, north
of Touggourt, also north of Laghouat and in the regions of the dayats between
Laghonat and Ghardaia. There is a good deal of variation in the plumage, some
of the males being blacker, others more greyish on the back, and the crown some-
times darker, sometimes paler ; in tlic females too the back is occasionally much
lighter than usual.

0. moesta is not shy, and during the breeding season is easily noticed by its
peculiar rolling note : this is uttered continuously when one approaches the nest,
and these rolling notes, together with some piping ones, also make up the song of
the male.

( sn )

In 1908 we obtained two nestlings near Biskra, which are described in
Vbg. d. pal. Fatiiut i. p. 604. In 1909 we found a clutch of four eggs near Bonlj
Chegga, March 20, but they were so hard-set that onlj' two could be successfully
blown. In 1911 we were at last in time, and, after digging out an empty fresh
nest on March 1, we took four clutches on March 13, and nests with young birds
were found south of Lagliouat and near the dayats.

The nests are built in the deserted burrows of Meriones getuliis (the "djerd "
of the Arabs) and other smaller mammals. The nest is often from four to five feet
from the entrance hole, and sometimes the burrows are curved, and branch off into
various arms. Tliey are mostly in tlie hillocks formed by the sand, but sometimi's
on a bank or even in the almost flat ground. The nest itself consists outwardly of
rootlets and stems of grass or other plants, and the bulk is built with sheep's wool,
camel's hair and other hairs, pieces of string, wool or rags, sometimes a few
feathers, and not rarely (in two nests out of five) with snakeskin. The full number
of a clutch is undoubtedly four, though three may form a full clutch sometimes ;
but in the one case out of five where we found three, the clutch was apparently
not a full one.

In the clutch taken in 1909 and in the three full clutches of 1911 there is in
every case one egg distinctly paler, almost white, while the others are pale greenish
blue, with sometimes numerous, but generally not many small rufous spots. The
three eggs of the incomplete clutch of March 13, 1911, are more richly spotted
than the others. The measurements are: 22 x 17-1, 22 x 17, 22-5 x 17, and
23 X 16-6; 24-2 x 16-5, 24-5 x 16-5, 255 x 16-4, and 25-5 x 16-9; 23-5 x IS,
24-5 X 17'1, 24-6 x 18, and 24-9 x 17 ; 24-4 x UrO, 25 x 10-9, 25-1 x 10-7, and
25 2 x 16-5 ; 243 x 16, 24-3 x 16-2, and 24-3 x 16-8 mm. Thus it is seen that
the size varies a good deal, even in the same clutch.

108. Oenanthe lugens halophila (Tristr.).
{JidX/fuld /iiye/ts lialojj/iila auct.)

Coming by railway from the north, one first meets with this species in the plain
south of El Kautara, and all around Biskra, where it inhabits the low, bare, rocky
dills in tlie desert, without going as high up on the mountains as O. leHcura
sijeniticu. In the M'zab country we saw it near Berryan. It also occurs sparingly
in the real desert at the edges of sebchas, as far south as Touggonrt and Wargla.
It is a beautiful bird, the whitish cap being very consjncuous. The song is generally
short, but pleasant, and is mostly uttered while the bird perches on a rock. The
four or five eggs are of a very pale greenish blue, of a rather thick oval, spotted
with rufous, and measure on an overage (nine eggs) 20'16 x 15'61 mm.

The males vary a little, the cap being more buflfish grey or more whitish,
and the black area of the back wider or narrower. The females, however, vary
considerably in the colour of the throat, which is sometimes quite black, with
hardly a few buffy edges to some feathers, more often blackish grey and grey, less
frequently almost entirely white. There is nothing to show that the black-throated
or white-throatud birds are older or younger.

109. Oenanthe leucura syenitica (Heugl.).

See Hartert, Viiy. jial. Fauna i. p. tJ'JS.

The males of, 0. leucura leucura and V. I. .v/etiitica (the African form) are
very much alike in their colour; though must of the hiouth European birds aie of

( 518 )

a deeper black, occasionally males are met witli in N.W. Africa — see one shot
at El Kantara March 22, 1911, and one from the Moroccan Atlas, collected by
Mr. Riggenbach — which are fully as deep glossy black, but the l)lack tip to the
tail is always narrower in European birds. The females differ very strikingly,
the Euroi)eau ones being very much darker ; and it is strange that it was left to
one of ourselves to discover this difference !

In North Algeria this beautifnl bird is entirely absent, Imt near El Kantara
one can scarcely fail to see it during one's first walk, as it perches on a rock jionrs
forth its rich and pleasing song, and, after one or two curtsies, disii])iiears behind
a boulder or among the rocks.

It inhabits only the bare rocks south of the Atlas, ami is found up to
considerable heights. It is absent from the desert, and in the far south — near
Wargla, for example, and in the M'zab country — is entirely replaced by 0. leucopi/fin.
Traversing the Atlas at Medea, one comes across (). leururd. at Boghari, where it
is common ; and one may see a few on the way down to Laghonat, but we only
saw a pair at Laghonat, and none farther southwanls.

The nest is placed in clefts, crevices or holes among the rocks, and is always
recognisable by the great quantity of flat small stones leading np like a
pathway to the nest. It is astonishing how the birds manage to carry together
all these stones, and the object is not quite clear, though doubtless they form some
sort of protection ; Oenanthe lugens also carries stones to the nest, and several
Larks, such as Ainmomanes deserti algeriensis, do it in some cases. The nest
itself is a bulky structure of grass and rootlets, richly lined with wool, hair and
feathers. The four, rarely five, eggs we found near Biskra and El Kantara late
in Ajjril and early in May, but we took a couple of nestlings fully feathered
(though wings and tail were still quite short) at Biskra on Ajjril 27, and found
naked young ones near Boghari on April 2.

The nestlings are extremely interesting, as they fully resemble adult birds.

110. Oenanthe leucopyga (Brehm).
{Saxicola leucopyga auct.)

Travelling southwards from Medea, Boghari, Djelfa, Laghonat to Ghardaia, we
were sharply on the look-out for this fine t;hat, which we had not yet seen alive;
and it was on the rocks north of Berryan, the first town of the M'zabites, that we
saw it for the first time. From Berryan southwards and at Ghardaia it took the
place of 0. leucura syenitica, which does not occur there.

Thou"-h when seen from a distance 0. leucopyga looks very much like
0. leiicvrus, it is, in fact, a very different bird : the plumage is more jet-black and
glossy, the amount of black on the rectrices very different, and the sexes are
alike.

There has been much doubt about the birds with an entirely black head and
those with a white crown being the same or not, and it has been suggested that
the latter are older, because some young birds found had entirely black heads.
There can be no doubt whatever that the black- and white-headed birds are the
same, and white-crowned ones with black feathers are found as well as black-
crowned with white feathers. There is also no j'roof whatever that white-headed
birds are (dder than others. That the few young birds found had all black heads
might be only accidental. The song seemed to us less powerful than that of

( 519 )

0. Ifucura, but this was possibly due to the season, as all the leucop>/ga had
alread}- yoniig ones in their nests. It is curious that of the paired pairs we saw
iiiul obtained, lioth sexes had either black or white crowns, an observation already
made by Professor Koenig : we did not, however, shoot many s[iecimens, as most
of them had young and we could not bring ourselves to kill many at that time.
The young is like the old bird. The nests we found in clefts and crevices on walls
surrounding cemeteries and down in the walls of wells, often in the middle of the
town of Glhardaia, (juite close to human dwellings.

We found a dried-up egg in an old nest of last year, which was pale blue,
nearly white, with a few rufous si)ots. When we were at Ghardaia, April 10 to 24,
all these birds had young ones, still naked, with the feathers beginning to sprout.
The number of young in three nests was in every case three. Three, and
probably sometimes four, is therefore the number of a clutch of 0. leiicopijga.

111. Saxicola torquata rubicola (L.)*

{Pi-atiiicohi, rubicola anct.)

We met with Stonechats at Biskra in March and February, and saw them
not unfreiinently at Hammam Meskoatine in February. During the breeding
season we found them by no means common, only observing some in the plain of
Metidja, and near Bone, from the antomol)ile.

112. Saxicola rubetra spatzi (ErI.)

Pralhirnla riilietrii s/ja^sf Erlanger, Joiirn. f. Orii. 1900 p. 101 (Tunisia); Hartort, Viifj. jml. Fauna
i. p. 703.

We obtained Whinchats near Biskra and Ghardaia in April (6 to 2.'>), but
never saw one during the breeding season, in May or June.

The five specimens we obtained are all ratlier pale, and should belong to
<S'. ;■. spatzi, though it must be said that the latter is not easily recognised, some
North and Central European specimens being just as pale as undoubted spatzi.

113. Phoenicurus ochrurus gibraltariensis (Gm.).
{Phoenicurus tithys auct. errore !)

The Black Redstart winters in Algeria, where we saw it in February and
March at El Kantara, and near Biskra.

It is evident that the species does not breed in Algeria, or we should have
found it in one of the many eminently suitable places in the north.

114. Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (L.)

Common on migration in Algeria, frequently met with from El Kantara to
Touggonrt, during the last week in March, and on April 6 and 10, at Laghouat.

115. Phoenicurus phoenicurus algeriensis (Kleinschm.)

This form has been discussed by Hartert, \'o(f. pal. Fnuuu i. p. 719. We
found it on its breeding-ground in tlie oak-woods above Lambese, but were so

• Tlie name I'niliiicula is preoccupieil, having been used for tbe rralincoles ((flanula). The
correct generic name for tlie Wliincbats and Stonecliats is Saxicola; of. Mathews, ^',n'. Zmil. 11)11. p. 21.

( 520 )

busy with other work that we only obtained one male. This certainly bears ont
the peculiarities of the race described by Mr. Kleinscbmidt, but this form requires
further attention. Mr. Witlierby found it breeding near Hamniara Meskontine.
but unfortunately we did not come across it either there or anywhere else in the
Northern Atlas.

110. Diplootocus moussieri (Olphe-Gallianl).

(Cf. Hartert, I'mj.jHil. Fuima i. p. I'.'A.)

Moussier's Redstart breeds in the Atlas Mountains, and in winter is iouiul iji
the Northern Sahara. We only found it during the breeding season in tln'
Southern Atlas ranges, near Batna and Larabese, at the foot of the Djebel Mahiud
and up the latter to an elevation of about 1800 or 1900 m. We did not see it
anywhere in the nortli, neither near Hammam Meskoutiue, on Djebel Taya, nor at
Ham mam R'hira and Algiers town, but Mr. FJiickiger met with it not unfrequently
near Kerrata in North Algeria.

A nest with four slightly incubated eggs of the rich blue variety was fonnd
near Lambese on May 5, 19Ui), under a small bush, ou the ground. It consisted
of small rootlets and stalks, and was richly lined with hair and feathers.

Dresser, in his " Manual," followed Koenig in placing this species in the
genus " Prutincola " (rectius Saxicola). This is a great mistake. Ou account
iif its short tail and other jieculiarities it is best kept in a special genus, but it
is nearest to P/ioeiiicurus. In structure, coloration, and eggs it is a Redstart,
in habits it is a mi.xture of a Redstart and IStonechat.

117. Luscinia megarhynchos Brehm.

Nightingales do not winter in Algeria, but they pass through on migration
in some numbers, and nest in great quantities in the Atlas, from the coast
region to the Anres mountains (Lambese). Among the hills near Algiers, and
at Lambese, the song of many males may be heard in the evening, and they
are wonderfully common near Medea and at Hammam Meskoutine, and are also
fonnd at Hammam R'hira. Ou May 10 and May 28 slightly incubated clutches
of four eggs each were found at Algiers and Hammam Meskoutine. The
eggs measure: 21 x 16, 20-1 x 15-5, 205 x 15-5, 21-U x 10, and 21-0 x 10,
21-7 X 10, 22 X 10, 21-5 x 10 mm.

Hartert has discussed the Algerian form of the Nightingale in his book, vol. i.,
p. 7134. We still feel that it would be too risky to name it, though recently the
late Dr. Parrot has separated the Corsican race on very slight grounds.

118. Luscinia svecica cyauecula (Wolf).

Bliictliroats arc not very rare on jiassage, though far from common, ne.-ir
Biskra, late in Febnuiry and throughout the moiith of March. Two males belong
undoubtedly to the white-throated form, and so does evidently a female shot ou
February 27.

Another female shot March 18 has a less developed black jugular crescent
and is much more yellowish buff on the under-surface. It might possibly belong to
another race, but female BIncthroats are too variable, and the ditl'erences between
the females of the xurious forms too uncertain to come to any definite conclusion
from a single female.

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119. Dandalus rubecula wither byi Hart.

Voff. pal. Fauna i. p. 753.

This form is indeed difficult to distinguish, yet it would be rash to neglrct it.
It seems that the rufous of the throat is darker tliau in I), r. rubecula, and that,
the beak is stouter, without reaching the proportions of D. r. melophilus. Other
differences are evidently not constant.

Wii shot an undoubted witherbyi at Hammam R'hira on May 20. These
birds were not very rare in the woods near Hammam R'hira. Mr. Witherby also
found the Robin breeding near Blidah Glacieres.

In the habits there is no difference between this and other Robins. Oftlie
birds shot in winter, a male shot near Algiers February 25, 1909, and a male from
Hammam Meskoutiue, February 4, 1911, seem to belong to this form.

120. Erithacus rubecula rubecula (L.j.

Robins are very common in winter in Algeria, especially near Hammam
Meskoutiue and Algiers, and they are not rare near Biskra on migration in
February and March. They all seem to belong to the North and Central Europe.in
form, with the exception of the above-mentioned specimens.

121. Troglodytes troglodytes kabylorum Hart.

Vog. jml. Fauna i. p. 78U.

The Algerian Wren is not rare in certain suitable places in the Atlas
Mountains, at Hammam R'hira, Hammam Meskoutiue, near Batna and Lambe.se,
and in the gardens and neighbourhood of Algiers. It differs from T. t. troglodytes
in being more olive, less reddish, on the upperside, and having a thicker and
generally longer bill.

A clutch of five hard-set eggs was taken near Algiers on May 5. The eggs
are well marked, and measure 15-7 x 12-5, 15-9 x 121, 16-1 x 12-2, 166 x 126
and 17-2 x 12-2 mm. Two single eggs were found on May 16, and these two
were also hard set ! Young birds were flying about at Hammam R'hira on
May 19.

122. Cinclus cinclus minor Tristr.

This bird was named by Tri.stram under the erroneous notion that it was
smaller than European Dippers, because he compared a single female with a few
Eurojiean ones, which were probably all males. We only came across it in one
single place — i.e., in the Gorge de Chiffa, where it inhabited a mountain torrent
near the Ruisseau des Binge.s. The accompanying photograph e.vactly shows its
home, where we saw it on the very branches seen in the photo (see p. 464). The
single female we obtained does not show the long bill, which is remarkable
in the specimens from Morocco and Djebel ('helia, where Mr. Fliickiger found it.
In fact this female only differs from (.'entral European Dippers in the more
olive-brown head and neck, which is also darker than in G. c. meridlonalis (the
C. c. albicoUis of Dresser and other authors). (Cf. Hartert, IV/y. jjal. Fauna,
i., p. 793.)

123. Chelidon rustica rustica (L.).

The common Swallow is — and has always been — a very common breeding
bird in Algeria, from the sea-shore apparently south to the northern edge of the

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Sahara, thonsli we are not certain that it nests south of Batna, bnt believe that
it breeds in Biskra, at least.

Hartert ( r*)!/. yy«/. Fm/nn i. p. 801), and also Hartert and Kleinschmidt {Fulro,
l'.)]0, No. 2, pp. 20, 21) have explained that N.W. African specimens are often, if not
ijenerally, smaller than Enropean ones ; bnt the difference appears to be so slight
and uncertain that it does not seem advisable to name the southern form. It must,
however, be said that we have not collected a series of breeding birds, and that
not verj' many specimens conld be examined.

Swallows also migrate through Algeria in great numbers, but none winter in
the country, even the breeding birds disajipearing in autumn and not returning
Viefore late in March and April.

[On April 10 Rothschild saw, during the march from Tamerna to Nza-ben-
Rzig, two Swallows with a rnfons rump. They were, unfortunately, not near
enough to shoot, and passed on very quickly. They can only have been Chelidon
(Uiiiricti rujiilaj\

124. Hirundo urbica meridionalis Hart.

Yog. pal. Fiiiimi, i. p. 809 (1910— type Hammam R'hira). See also : Faho, 1910, No. 2. p. 20.

House-Martins breed in several places in Algeria in great (juantities. Many
thousands of nests are to be seen on the barracks in the fortress of Batna, many
breed in Algiers town and the suburbs, hundreds of nests are placed on the
church and most other buildings in Hammam R'hira. Old Martins' nests were
also seen in Laghouat, and all along the railway line in Northern Algeria Martins
were seen here and tliere on the wing. These birds breed rather late. During
the first week in May they begin to build, bnt we have seen many only building
their nests as late as the last week in May. On May 18 a single nest at
Hammam R'hira contained two or three eggs (not taken), but all the others were
still emjity.

The N.W. African Martin is smaller than ours. The wings of 8 males
measure 101 — lU4-r), those of 14 females 98 — 10(5 nmj., while Enropean Martins
have wings of 108 — 114 ram.

Probably //. urbica urbica passes through Algeria on migration.

125. Eiparia riparia riparia (L.).
Sand-Martins are common on migration iu April, while a few were already
seen in March, We have not met tbem anywhere during the nesting season, nor
have other recent ornithological visitors to Algeria.

126. Riparia rupestris (Scop.).
The Crag-Martin is very common near El Kantara, on the Djebcl Metlili —
especially in the picturesque gorge of Tilaton — and on the rocks near Biskra, iu
February, March and April. It no doubt nests near El Kantara and in Nortiieru
Algeria, though we have not seen any nests.

127. Apus melba melba (L.).

The Alpine Swift passes through South Algeria in March. A good many seem
to pass along the Oued Biskra, and we saw and shot specimens between Biskra
and Touggourt.

Great numbers nest in the town of C'oustantine, ]iarfly on tlie rocks of the
Kummel gorge, partly (at least iu 1908) under the tiles of a hug.- building. A good

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nnmber also nest on Djebel Taya in North Algeria, and doubtless on many other
high mountains. On Djebel Taya, in May, some almost flew into our faces, while
we were lying in wait for Vultures and Lammergeyers.

128. Apus apus (L.).

A good many Black Swifts of the North European bhxck form pass throngh
Southern Algeria in April, and great numbers nest in Algiers and otlier towns of
Northern Algeria. The latter are not distinguishable from our birds, though some
reach a length of the wing from 180 — 182 mm., which is a quite exceptional size for
European birds. As an apparently larger form inhabits Dalmatia and other parts
of .South Europe, the reoccurrence of " typical " apus in N.W. Africa would be a very
curious problem, which at present is not quite solved, because the status of the larger
South European " kolUbayi " is not quite settled.

12'J. Apus murinus brehmorum Hart.

This form of the Pallid Swift passes tlirough Southern Algeria in April, and
nests commonly in the north, at least at Algiers and in its neighbourhood, and at
Bone.

In 1908 we found it building its nest under an archway on the same house with
the Black Swift, and at Algiers it can frequently be seen on the wing at the same
time as the black species. If near enough the two birds can easily be distinguished
on the wing, though in habits and notes they do not seem to differ in any way
whatever.

[Apus affinis galilejensis (Autin.).

Among the rocks south-west of Biskra, near Zaatsha, Hartert and Hilgert both
recognised a white-rumped Swift on March IT, 1900, which must have belonged to
this species.]

130. Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus L.

The North European Goatsucker jjasses through Algeria on migration. Roth-
schild shot a male at El Oued on April 8, 1909.

131. Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis Hart.

The small Mediterranean form of the Goatsucker breeds in suitable places
throughout the Atlas range, as we found it common at Hammam Meskoutine, not
rare at Hammam H'hira, and at Batna and Lambese, while we have also received
skins from North and South Morocco (Tamarouth in the south-western Atlas,
Riggenbach leg.), and Koeiiig, Erlanger and Whitaker found it in Tunisia. It njust
be migratory, as it is absent from its breeding-places in the winter months.

There is a great deal of variation in the general coloration, some sjiecimens
being darker, others paler, but the smaller size is always characteristic of this form.
Habits and notes are the same as those of the larger form.

132. Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum ErI.

Erlanger, Journ.f. Orn. 1H"J9, p. .521, pi. .xi. (Tuiiesia) ; Hartert, Viig. pal. Fauna ii. p. 851.

Contrary to Hartcrt's former ideas, a paler form of the Red-necked Nightjar is
sei)arable. While ('. nijii-oliis rujicolli.t is found in Spain and Morocco, all Tunisian
and Algerian specimens we examined belong to Erlanger's desertorum. The name
is not well chosen, as this bird breeds chiefly in the woods and hill-slopes covered

(524)

with scrub and bashes ; a single speciincn was shot by Koeuig on the Oned N'ca, in
tbe desert, but this must have been on migration. In the winter no Nightjars
remain in the iiills. They breed near Laml)ese, Baf na, Jlammam Meskontiiie, and
Hammam iriiirii.

In habits and notes these Goatsucicers do not seem to differ from
C. euioj>aeu.i.

13:i. Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae Erl.

Erlanger, Jnuni.f. Orn. 189!l, p. 525, pi. .\ii, upper figure ; H.irtert, Viiij. pnl. Fnnim, ii. p 854.

This beantifnl bird, the plumage of which matches the desert-sand in a most
remarkable manner, was fonud among the sand-dunes between Oumash and Biskra
on March 20, in several [ilaces between Tonggourt and El Oued early in April,
especially near Bordj Mgeitia, at El Oued, and about 40 kilometres south of Biskra,
where the eggs were taken on April 21, iOO'.i.

Altogether we collected ten skins, all of whicii are of the same tint, thus
entirely confirming the differences oi saharae pointed out by Erlanger. The iris is
very deep brown, the bill dark slate or brownish, flesli-eolour at base, feet purplish
grey or brownish flesh-colour.

The eggs were of course laid on the bare sand. They are pale grey with jiale
olive brownish-grey patclies and dots, and some nnderlying grey spots and patches,
and measure 31 "5 x 22 and 32 x 21 '5 mm.

We found these birds in almost bare sand-desert with the scantiest vegetation,
and among low tamarisk bushes and other desert vegetation, but nowhere e.\cept
on sandy ground.

Neither Professor Koenig nor we found these birds before the second half of
March, and then they were in little flocks of from five to seven individuals. This
would point to their being migratory to a certain extent, but more information is
required to accept this as a fact.

We never heard a note of the Egyptian Nightjar, but Koenig tells us that it
whirrs like C. europaeics.

134. Merops apiaster L.

The Common Bee-eater breeds in many suitable places from North Algeria
(Hammam ll'hira, Hammam Meskoutine) to Biskra. It is a migrant, not arriving
before the beginning of April. Unless it be the " Persian Bee-eater," there is hardly
a more beautiful bird. Its colours, the marvellous gliding flight, and the lively,
rolling bell-like note combining to make it one of the most fascinating birds of
Algeria. The arrival of large flocks on a clear April morning is an event for every
lover of nature.

We have seen Common Bee-eaters as far south as Bordj Mecht el Kaid in
the sand-dunes of the Souf, where we saw a flock on passage on April 10, and at
Ghardaia in the middle of April, presumably also on passage.

13ii. Merops persicus chrysocercus Cab. & Heine.
(Plate IX.)

Mernps chn/socerriis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Ileln. ii. p. 131* (ISfiO— Senegal) (Type examined).
Meroj)« ptrsirus saharae Neumann, Orn. Monalsber. 1908 — " Oasen der Sahara von Biskra bis zum
Tschadsee ").

The Sahariui form of the Persian Bee-eater is distinguishable from .1/. pei-Kicus
persicushy the following peculiarities : the npperside is lighter green with a bright

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golden-yellow tinge, which makes the whole pluma'^e appear yellowish green when
held away from the light ; the blue is only visible^ in worn breeding (ihimage ; the
underside is lighter green ; the bill is slenderer ; the middle rectrices are much
more elongated ; under the eye in M. persiaiis persicus there is a distinct white line,
which in M. persicus chri/socercus is only indicated, or even entirely absent.

This form breeds in great numbers along the banks of the rivers or river-beds
in the Northern Sahara, south of Biskra, and probably in other parts of the desert.
We have seen and collected it as far south as Temacin, south of Tonggourt (April 3,
1900), and Rothschild saw a flock at Tilrhempt, between Ghardaia and Laghouat.
Skins were shown to us in Laghonat. It is rare in Sontli Tunisia, and winters
south of tlie Sahara, on Lake Chad and on the Senegal.

This Bee-eater is in onr opinion one of the loveliest birds we ever saw alwe, m
Algeria. Its colours are not so gay as those of Merops apiaster, but much more
delicate and harmonious.

To be camped at an oasis, where hundreds sleeji for the night on the palm-trees,
is an experience never to be forgotten.

The call-note is the same as that of M. apiaster, only a little shorter and
softer.

The j)late shows an adult male in fresh autumn plumage shot by Boyd Alexander
on Lake Chad, October 31, 1004, and a head of a male obtained 50 kilometres south
of Biskra, April 19, 1909, as well as a M. p. persicus collected by Zarudny in
S.E. Persia.

136. Upupa epops epops L.

We cannot separate the N.W. African Hoopoes from the European form. There
is, however, much individual variation.

The Hoopoe is a migrant even in Algeria, appearing in the s[iring early in March.
None seem to stay throughout the winter, and many of the arrivals pass on to
Europe, while others remain to breed, probably from the Northern Sahara up to
the seashore.

A female shot on March 8 had the body-plumage still moulting.

137. Coracias garrulus garrulus L.

The Roller jjasses through Algeria in April (Biskra, Tilrhempt, Lighouat), and
nests near Batna, Lambfese, and at the foot of Mount Mahmel, and doubtless in
many other localities in Northern Algeria.

138. Alcedo ispida pallida Brehm.

The Kingfisher nests iu Algeria from the northern Atlas to Biskra, but it is
everywhere rare, and at least as shy as, if not more so than, anywhere iu Europe.

This form is spread from Morocco to Syria. It only difters from .4. ispida
ispida by the beak, which averages slightly slenderer and is often more elongated,
and somewhat shorter head-feathers, and in many specimens the abdomen is paler.
(See the forthcoming vol. ii. of Vog. d. pal. Fauna, p. 882.)

139. Pious vaillantii (Malh.)

We found the Algerian Green Woodpecker iu the oik-wooils above Lamb&se
and It.itna, where it was not very rare, and noticed it in the o:ik-wooil on the slopes
of Mount Taya east of Constantine, as well as very sparingly on old oaks about four

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hours from Hatnraam R'hira and near Lake Fetzara. We fomiil the iris of ailnlr
males white or whitish ]iinlv, the bill olive horu-grey, base of lower niaudible jiale
greenish yellow, feet greyish green.

141). Dendrocopus major numidus (Malh.)

FonnJ in many of tiie oak-woods of Algeria, though we only saw and shot it
in the forest on the slopes of Mount Taya east of Constantine. It is apparently not
found in pine-woods, or else we should surely have come across it near Hammain
R'hira and elsewhere. Neither Professor Koeuig nor any one of ourselves saw it
near Batna and Lambese.

141. Jynx torquilla mauretanica Rothsch.

An exceedingly dark specimen of a Wryneck was shot during a heavy sandstdnn
at El Oued, on April 8, 1909. Though .7. tonjuilla torquilla was met with on
passage in several places of the south, this dark and very small form was not seen
until we came to Hammam Meskontiue, where it is not rare in February as well as
in May. It also occurs near Algiers, where we found it late in January. It is thus
evident that it is partly migratory, partly resident in North Algeria. It is easily
distinguislied from the North Enroi)ean torquilla by its generally mnch and always
somewhat darker and less rufescent upperside, differentl}' coloured, more yellowish,
not so rufous throat, and wider bars on the underside, as well as considerably smaller
dimensions. In coloration it agrees, however, with Ji/nx torquilla tscliusii Kleinschin.,
first described from Sardinia, and inhabiting Corsica, Sardinia, and Italy, but its
dimensions are slightly smaller.

lu habits the Algerian Wryneck agrees with the English form.

14','. Jynx torquilla torquilla L.

The larger, lighter-coloured North Eiirojiean Wryneck is a coiumon bird of
])assage in Algeria, where we came across it in March and April at Biskra, Touggourt,
and Temacin, south of Touggourt.

143. Cuculus canorus minor A. E. Brehm.

Cuculus canorus miimr A. E. Brehm, Ally. D. Naturhisl. Zcituiig 1857. p. 444 (.Summer bird in
Spain).

The Cuckoo of N.W. Africa is smaller than Eiiroi)eau (Juckoos. As long ago
as 1857, A. E. Brehm clearly separated the Cuckoo found in Spain in summer as
C. canorus minor^ stating at the same time that the common (-uckoo occurred only
on migration.

We failed to collect skins of Cuckoos in Algeria. After the migration period
they were only met with near Hammam Meskoutine, where they were by no
means common, and in the neighbourhood of Algiers, where shooting was at the
time jirohibited. We found, however, two eggs, on May 13 and 1(3, 1911, near
Algiers, both in the nests of Sylcia melanocephala. Both arc almost perfectly
alike, being of a reddish cream-colour densely spotted with pale brown and
underlying pale brownish grey spots. One was with a clutch of three pink eggs,
the other with three greenish eggs, closely resembling Reed Warbler's eggs. The
Cuckoo's eggs resemble the former, and even more another variety of the eggs of

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& melanocephala which we found close by, but are imsnited for the eggs which
resemble those of Reed Warblers. Both eggs are strikingly smaller than the
majority of European eggs, measuring only 20-6 x 15'5 and 20-3 x 14-7 mm.

Cacalm canorus canorux is i)robably migratory through Algeria. We saw
( hickoos on passage in the dayats near Tilrhempt, and once near Biskra, but do not
know if they were of the big race or of the small one. Cuckoos are not seen in
Algeria in winter, therefore minor must also be migratory.

144. Strix aluco mauritanica (With.).

Si/riimm nliirn mnnritniiicum Witherby. Bull. B.O.C. xv. p. 37 (190.5 — " Marocco and Algeria."
Tjpe from Lea Glaciere.s, above Blidah, in the "Little Atlas" of Algeria, in Witherby 's
collection) ; Ibis 1905. p. 19fi.

The "Tawny Owl" from N.W. Africa differs from S. aluco aluco in having
hardly any tawny colour in its plumage. While S. aluco aluco varies greatly,
all N.W. African specimens which we have seen are somewhat more barred on the
upper and under surface and generally darker and more greyish, though single
specimen.s may be fonnd that do not differ from extreme European specimens.

These Owls are rare in Algeria. We have been able to compare the following
specimens only :

The type from Les Glacieres, above Blidah.

Two from Batna, purchased from Mattre-Sellier Taillefer.

One from Hammam Meskoutine.

One from North Morocco, near Tangier.

Mr. Witherby has seen two others.

145. Bubo bubo ascalaphus Savigny.

Our acquaintance with this bird has, unfortunately, remained hitherto very
scanty.

The first we saw was one mounted in the dining-room at the Hotel Bertrand
at El Kantara, which was shot from the balcony of the hotel by the waiter, Henry
Tacon. Mr. Th^riat told us that he had occasionally, but very seldom, flushed
such Eagle-owls among the juniper bushes on Mount Metlili, when stalking
Mountain or Barbary Sheep. In 1909, May 2, we obtained a beautiful male
on the mountains south of the pass, called the Red Mountains. Its iris was
orange-yellow, feet greyish horn-colour with horn-grey claws, bill horn-black, cere
slate-colour. This bird agreed in every detail with the one stuffed in the hotel ;
and another, obtained while still wet, from a bird-stuffer in Laghouat, is also
of the same colour. A third one, bought in Uonstantiue, and said to come from
Biskra (which is just as likely to be incorrect as right), is a shade paler, while
one which Hartert compared with the one from El Kantara, and which had
been shot by Professor Kuenig near Wargla, is much lighter and paler. It seems,
therefore, that Erlanger was right when he separated a paler southern form
from the darker northern race, and his observations were also fully endorsed by
Mr. Whitaker.

We have bought an ascalaphus from Schliiter, labelled (original label) Cabo
Eorgas, Morocco. (Jape Forgas is on the Mediterranean coast in North Morocco,
and, as the bird shows signs of having been kept alive, it may have been brought
there from farther south. We have also received from Mr. Riggenbach two fine

35

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skins from Cherarda and Kanafii in Sonth Morocco. Tiiese three Morocran skins
are very dark, still darker than those from Alireria ; but cue collected by Messrs.
N. C. Rothschild and F. R. Henley on the f'haphren Pyramid in Egyjit is just
as dark, and absolutely indistinguishable, while Sheiidy specimens are as light
as any from South Tunisia.

Mr. Dresser, on Plate 692 in the Supplement to his Birds of Europe, figures as
Bubo nscfdaphus an Eagle-owl which, judging from the jilate, is not an cigrrtliiphi's
at all. This skin was kindly sent us from the Manchester Museum. It agrees
with the ])late, though the latter is a little too dark. This skin was given to
Mr. Dresser by the late J. H. Gurney, sen. It is said to be from Egypt, but as
it has no original label, date, or e.xaet locality, this maybe doubted. It has only 6ne
wing. The bird agrees best with the type of our B/ibo bubo aliaronii, but is a little
lighter on the abdomen, neck, and head. It resembles Bubo bubo bevgalensis,
but is larger, and stands in many ways between our Eagle-owls of Europe and the
African ascrilaphus. Whether it came from Egyi)t, and whatever it may be,
it should never have been figured as a typical asralajihus.

Since describing onr Bubo bubo aharonii we have received, from Mr. Aharoni,
other Eagle-owls from Palestine, which are not distinguishable from auralaphxg.

We have no doubt that axrnlaplius is only found in South Algeria ; all reliable
information from Loche to this day jioints to this. Formerly, and ]irobably still,
an Owl closely allied to Bubo bubo bubo is found, though very rarely, in the Northern
Atlas, but we have not been able to get specimens or reliable information about it.

146. Asio otus otus (L.).

In tlie oak-woods above Lambfese, on May 11, l'.)09, a male of the Long-eared
Owl was shot, and this was the only instance when we came across it. We
have, however, several skins collected in North Tunisia by Paul Spatz during
the breeding season. These specimens do not seem to differ from European otus.
Iris bright orange. Bill blackish horn-grey; cere dark flesh-colour. Feet jiale
bluish flesh-colour, claws dark horn-colour, nearly black.

147. Tyto alba alba (Scop.).

The Barn-owl is one of those forms which extend from the Mediterranean
countries through Spain, southern and western France, by way of the Channel
Islands to England. Therefore we have hitherto called onr English Barn-owl
'■'■ Strir flail) inea kirchliolfi" a name given by C. L. Brehm to the Spanish form.
This nomenclature, however, is not tenable : the generic name Strix must be
confined to the "Brown Owls" (alnco), while the first generic name available
for the Barn-owls is Tyto of Billberg. Moreover, the specific name flAimmca
Linnaeus 1766 is invalidated by Stria: jiammea Poutopi)idau 1764, a name
undoubtedly referring to the Short-eared Owl.* Therefore the next oldest name,
Strix alba Scopoli, must be used.

Algerian, Moroccan, and Tunisian Barn-owls cannot be separated from Italian
ones, therefore we must call them T>/to alba alba !

Barn-owls are generally by no means common in Algeria. Professor Koeuig

* Apart from this Linnaeus' name Strix flammea was primarily based on the " StriT capitc laevi
mrpore lufeo" of the Fauna Suecica, wliioh was merely taken from one of Ruiibeck's pictures, which
represents a Short-eared Owl 1

( 529 )

obtained a single one, which was given him at Oued Taga, at the foot of Djebel
Mahmel. We never saw one alive until 1911, when we shot an adult male on
the steep bank of a river-bed south of Biskra on February 2. On May 25 and 31
we killed two adnlt males at Hammam R'hira, and two half-grown nestlings were
brought to us by an Arab, who took them from the roof of a building. One we
bought at Constantine. Once we heard the note near Hammam Meskoutine,
and we were told that Barn-owls were not rare at Batna and near Algiers.

14S. Athene noctua glaiix (Sav.).

Without being able, at the moment, to go into an exact study of all the
geographical forms of the " Little Owl," we have compared onr series of Egyptian,
Algerian, and Moroccan specimens, and come to the conclusion that the old
way of uniting all of them under the name glaax is at least much better than
their separation into ten subspecies, two of which received new names, by Herrn
Kleinschmidt, Falco iii. (1907) pp. 65, 60, and v. (1909) p. 19.

Comparing four specimens collected by Messrs. N. C. Rothschild and Wollaston
at Cairo, and a nnmber of Egyptian specimens in the Brehm collection, with onr
twelve Algerian, three Tunisian, and fifteen Moroccan skins, we cannot find any
constant characters by which to separate them.

It is true that the specimens from the Brehm collection from Egypt are
more rufous than our Algerian ones, but those from (Jairo are of the same colour
as the latter. It is also true that the type of Brehm's intercedens from Am Mokra,
near Bone, is more rufous than our own series of Algerian specimens from South
Algeria ; but it seems that Brehm's skins have become somewhat darker and
reddish through having been kept in dark boxes, and evidently sometimes not ipiite
dry enough. In no case can we judge from this single specimen that North
Algerian specimens belong to a darker and more rufescent race than those from
South Algeria — especially not inOwls, which often vary very greatly in their general
coloration. Moroccan specimens (named rujvj.olov by Kleinschmidt) agree in
every respect with those from Biskra. Riggenbach sent us a fine series from
Mazagan, Rahamna and Mogador ; they vary in size like Algerian ones.

If, in the end, several forms could be separated in North Africa, the North
Algerian form would have to be called A. noctua numida Levaillant jun. 1850,
and Brehm's intercedens 185>i wonld be a synonym. No doubt Levaillaut's {)late
i.s too red, but so are several others of his figures, and Loche seemed to think that
the plate in question was not unsatisfactory. Should any South Algerian birds be
separable, then this might rather be the case with those from the M'zab country
and the dayats. Two specimens we shot at Tilrhem])t are rather light, but they
are not alike, one only being very pale, the other hardly different, though a little
more reddish than a series from Biskra. Kleinschmidt, however, called the Biskra
form " Strix sa/iarae" (Falco v. 1909. p. 19).

We never came across these Owls in North Algeria proper, but saw a number
near Boghari, and collected a series of ten near Biskra. At Tilrhempt we ouly
shot two, but saw one each there and east of Ghardaia, which we unfortunately
did not get. They, too, appeared to be rather pale. It must, however, not be
forgotten that Owls vary in most cases, and that there is a good deal of variation in
tlie Biskra series.

This Owl lives among rocks, as well as on steep river banks near Biskra
and Boghari, and in the trees of the dayats.

( 530 )

14'i. Otus scops scops fL.).

Although Ritter von Tschusi zii Schinidhoffen has s|ilit the Mediterranean
iScops-owls into various forms, we are, to our regret, unable to foUow him.

We have collected seven specimens in the dayat of Tilrhemjit, five at and
near Biskra, four at Touggourt, three at Hammam Meskoutine, and have a
tnpotypical skin from Tallah, in Tunisia, shot at the same date as the types of
Tschusi's Pisorhina scops erlangeri* besides series from the Mediterranean north
of Africa.

The individual variation of these birds is considerable, and makes the
separation of so many races ([uite impossible. Putting together and confronting
half a dozen or so each from various localities in Algeria, one might easily be
tempted to split, but for one or two specimens in each series which agree with
the other lot, and the bigger the series are, the more such disagreeing specimens
are found, nor are there any geographical areas inhabited by different forms. If
northern birds differed from southern ones on an average, we would gladly separate
tiiem, notwithstanding a few contrary individuals; but if specimens from the olive-
woods of Hammam Meskoutine in the Northern Atlas, and others from the vast
date-palm gardens in the oasis of Touggourt agree, and if two shot from the same
palm-leaf in Oumash differ considerably, it becomes insignificant that the majority
— though not all ! — from the dayats are a bit paler and greyer. Moreover we find
similar and greater variations in other countries.

This exceedingly pretty little Owl is more or less common in the whole of
Algeria. Its very singular, melodious call can be heard in the gardens of Mustapha
Snjierienr, Algiers, and it is by no means rare at Hammam Meskoutine. Koenig
found it near Batna, and from the end of March one hears it every night in the
|)nblic gardens and among tlie date-palms of Biskra. It is also quite common at
Touggourt, and we heard il in Ghardaiii, and every night in Laghouat ; but we
found it commonest of all in tiie dayat of Tilrhempt. On a i|niet evening, when
the all-too-frequent wind was not blowing, one heard five, .six, or maybe more,
calling at the same time ; and if one carefully searched one could find thera in the
daytime hidden on the branches of the gigantic old terebinth trees, sometimes in
the well-known funny or grotesque attitudes which they so often assume.

We found the iris varying from sulphur-yellow to golden yellow. The bill is
dark horn-grey or olive, the feet olive or plumbeous grey.

150. Gyps fulvus fulvus (Gm.)

We are sorry to disagree with ( 'ouut Zedlitz and our late friend Carlo von
Erlanger, who separated (j'yyw f'ldenx fulcm of S.E. Euroi)e and (ii/ps fultas
Occident nli Si of S.W. Europe and N.W. Africa— according to Erlanger also Egypt !
Comparing adult birds only, we find the lightest specimen to be one from
Roumania, while Erlanger said that the western form is "drastically" lighter
{Joxirn. f. Orn. 1904. p. 142); nor can we find the statement that the western
form has lighter bills borne out by our series. Also Zedlitz's and Erlanger's
former opinion (in 1898, changed afterwards in 1904) that " oec/(/f'«^///.s " is
smaller is erroneous.

We visited a single breeding-place, in May 19U9, on Djebel Taya, east of

* Ovn. Jakrb. xv. 1904. p. 101.— The correct generic name of the Scops-owls is Otm, and not
PUorhhui.

( 531 )

Constantine. There these Vultures were seen by Sclater, Salviii, and others
half a century ago, and are still far from rare, in spite of the active blasting
and raining operations on the mountain. It is from the Djebel Taya, probably, that
these Vultures visit the neighbouring ]ilains and the valley of Hamniam Meskontine,
where we have seen tliera occasionally; and one day in May 19U9 a big flock
l)assed over the hot springs, prolialily coming from some dead animal on which they
had feasted. An adult male was shot on Djebel Taya, at an altitude of about
1211(1 m., on May IT, 111(19.

Iris gold-brown. Feet greenish grey, claws horn-black. Bill pale yellowish
horn-colour, ti]i and cere dark slate-colour ; bare skin on neck pale bluish grey.
Spread of wings 253 cm.

Rothschild observed Griftbu Vnltnres at Les Glacieres, near Blidah. We
twice saw single ones near Biskra, l)ut never observed any south of Biskra in
the real desert.

l-"il. Neophron percnoptei'us percnopterus ( f..).

The " Egyjitian Vulture " is common in many parts of Algeria. We saw it
frequently at Constantine, near Guelma and Hammain Meskontine, Batna, El
Kantara, and Biskra, once near Touggonrt, once near Laghouat, and a few times
on the route from Boghari to Laghouat, at Berryan and Ghardaia. Near Ghardaia
about a dozen Xeo/jlii-on were seen on a shallow pond feeding on the innumerable
Ajios, a Crnstacean which abounds in ponds near Liiglioiiat, in some of the dayats,
and in this place near (iluinlaia.

At El Kantara these A'ultuics nest regularly, and we received an egg whicli
is of the usual type.

l-"i2. Gypaetus barbatus atlautis Ivl.

Ertiligor. Jniini.f. Orn. \A'.\H, p. .^lilfi, pliitus iv iiilil v.

'I'lH' Xiirtli-West AlVican Beardeil Vulture is closely allied to tlie Sonth
Eiiro[iean one, and stands somewhat in between the latter and the Abyssinian
form. It differs from (1. harlxitiiis hurhntus merely in the markings of the face,
the black shaft-stripes being fewer and narrower on tlie sides of the head, and
almost or entirely absent from the chin and upper throat, and the absence of the
j uvular crescent of black spots, though this is probably sometimes indicated. The
feathering of the tarsus varies, but it a|)pears to be generally less extended, thus
being intermediate between that of the European and Abyssinian forms. Erlauger
attached much valiU' also to the lesser sireiigth of the toes and thickness of the
tarsus, but these characters, though convincingly shown on Plate \^. by Pastor
Kleinschmidt, vary and are therefore not of any taxonomie valne.

We have now three adult Algerian Lammergeyers :

? ad. Shot on nest, Djebel Metlili, Marco 'ZX, 1011. Length of wing Til cm.

? ad. Near Kerrata, North Algeria, May o, I'.MU. Shot by Mr. Fliickiger.
Wing, T4 cm. Spread ol' wings, ■.^40 cm.

i ad. Djebel Taya, May 'J."), 19(19. Wing, 74 cm.

It will thus be seen that the sine varies a little, but it is not much less, if
at all, than in many South European e.\amples.

The iris is very beautiful : cream-yellow with a wide bright orange-red ring.
Bill horn-grey, feet lead-grey, claws dark horn-grey.

Like otlier great birds of prey, with the exception of some Vidtures wliicli are

( 5:w )

more or less gregarious, the Bearded Vulture cannot be called common, bnt rather
rare, althon^h it is fonnd liore and there all over Algeria in snitably places — viz.,
quiet, iittle-dishirhed inimiitiiius with steep rocks, on which it finds holes or ledges
to nest in. The first time we saw it was at El Kaiitnrii, I'.iOS, where a pair were
freijuently seen passing over the gorge and liotel. A goatherd took one of us to a
place where he declared the " Boa-lechia " (the Arab name of Gi/paetus, meaning
"the father or owner of tlie beard") was nesting. .\n .Vral) climbed to the nest, which
was empty and contained wings of a small bird only : though the man declared he
had taken tlie yonng Bearded Vulture from the nest the year before, and it was his
belief that it nested there then, this was probably not the case. It is true that
most Arabs know the bird ; but many do not, for we have received Bonelli's Eagle
as a " Bon-lechia," and were taken to a Buzzard's nest said to be; that of the
(i)/jtat'tuis. We also saw a Lammergeyer twice near Biskra, where it seems to come
for food from the mountains.

Both in 1909 and 1911 we saw specimens on the Djebel Taya, east of
t!onstantine, where it was observed half a century ago by Sclater and Salvin,
and in 1909 we obtained there a beautiful male.

In 1911 we were taken to a nest on the Djebel Metlili. To reach the place

>

THB NKSTLINli BEARDKD Vui.TUKli.

was not easy. After a long ride followed a long climb, and at last vff saw tlic
bird's head and neck looking out of a hole in the middle of a steep elift' We got
right under the nest, but only the head and neck being visible a rifle-shot was
useless, unless one wished to destroy the bird — which was not our object, of
course — and it was too high for shot : shots fired with the twelve-bore, when the
bird was driven out, reniained without any eflect. Hartert and Hilgert returned
next day and climbed an opposite steep mountain, from where it was possible to
look into the nest, and thus succeeded in shooting the female with a rifle.

The nest was situated in one of the (jueercst i)laces ever seen : what looked
like a stee|) mountain-side was a sheet of rock, standing out like a huge rough
plank, and only a few yards wide on the top. .Some Aralis volunteered to take the
contents of the nest — for a good remnneratiou of course. After they had been away
for hours they had to send for more ropes, and at last succeeded in liringing in a

(-533 )

lond-chirping heap of down and an addled egg. The young vulture was so pretty and
voracious that we decided to keep it alive. As long as we were iu El Kantara we
cramnaed it with chicken's heads and sparrows, and afterwards left it ia the care of
the waiter. When we left Algeria, in June, we received it — nearly full-grown, and
accora])anied hy anotlier Bearded Vulture of the same age. Both birds are at present
flourishing in an aviary at Tring. The egg measures STT x 0o'3 mm.

We also received a young bird from the nest in the first grey-brown plumage,
and still with down on head and neck, on May 20, and bought another young one
in its second year from a dealer in Algiers.

We were assured in Laghouat that Gi/pai-tiis occurs near there, and Mr. Ratclift'e
saw it on the Djebel Amour, north-west of Laghouat.

153. Aquila chrysaetus (L.).

The Golden Eagle is widely spread over Algeria, but naturally not common
anywhere. It is found from the northern Atlas to the M'zab-country, for we have
shot it near Hamraam Meskontine, and saw it flying along the railway line between
Bataa and Kroubs and near Berryaii, and we also saw a live one taken from
a nest near Ghardaia. A fine adult male was shot with dust shot from a vehicle
near Hammam Meskontine, being disturbed while eating a Barbary Partridge.
Its iris was dull yellow, variegated with rufous-brown ; bill dark blackish horn-
grey, base pale greenish horn-colour. Spread of wings 188 cm. It is rather
uniform dark ijrown : but we cannot at present discuss the geographical forms of
the " Golden Eagle."

On March 25, 1911, apair of Golden Eagles were seen some five or six kilometres
from El Kantara. The female — its larger size could easily be seen when the
two were flying together — suddenly swooped down and disappeared behind a bush
on one of the highest and most perpendicular places of the clift'. It seemed to
move about behind the bush, aud Hilgert, thinking it might be feeding there,
fired with the rifle at the bush, with the sole result that the eagle departed with
great speed. Hardly a quarter of an hour later, the pair returned and " displayed "
in a most wonderfid wav. Both were circling round at g;reat heijiht, freelv utteriuo-
their cries, not quite unlike the barking of a small high-voiced dog, or between
that and the mewing of a Buzzard. Now and then they would swoop down with
wings drawn in, and regain their flight with outspread wings when nearly coming
to the rock ; and not rarely the female and once the male turned right over, floating
on their backs for a moment, with claws stretched out skywards, and the mate
would shoot down so as almost to hit it. All this display in the wonderful
clearness of the air, under a cloudless blue sky, and in the great solitude where
nothing could be heard but the song of a ('rested Ii-avV ov oia.n A mmnmanes, was of an
incomjiarable beauty for a lover of nature. After a rather long time the female again
disappeared behind the bush on the cliflF, aud never came out again. Not before then
did we grasp that there must be the nest. Again a bullet was fired through the
bush, without hitting the bird, which, like the Bearded Vulture on the Djebel Metlili,
was too high for shot. Next day Hilgert climbed with difficulty to a ledge under
the nest, but even from there shot would not touch the bird. At last we got
some Arabs to climb to the top of the mountain and let a man down to the nest —
which was a dangerous thing, as tiie rock was partly overhanging and had many
sharp edges, wliic.h were apt to cut the rope. Nevertheless they succeeded. It ^
then turned out that behind the bush was a hollow so large that the man.

( 534 )

when stooping down to jjick np the eggs, was invisible from below : no wonder
the bullets did not tonch the bird ! The nest consisted entirely of halfa-gr.ass,
and contained two richly marked, hard-set eggs. Thev measure 68 o x 55-5
and TO" x oTT mm., while one taken near Harnmam Meskoutiue measures
72'1 X 55'6 nun.

In iSaT Tristram found the Golden Eagle nesting in nnmliers on the
terebinth trees in tlie dayats. We do not know how and when they disappeared,
but only thirteen years later Mr. Gurney, who passed through the dayats along the
same route, saw no Eagles at all. We are certain that none are nesting there
now — at least not along the nsnal roads and near Tilrhempt — for neither Mr.
Ratclitfe nor ourselves ever saw an Eagle or saw nests large enough for them.

I-j4. Aquila rapax belisarius Lev.

This very rare species inhabits the mountain forests of North Tunisia and
Algeria, and we have also received it from Mr. Uiggenbach, from the Moroccan
Atlas.

Only once did we see a specimen, but that was not an unmixed pleasure. We
were waiting for an Arab keeper and boat at Ain Mokra, on the Lake of Fetzara,
when close to the station a Tawny Eagle sprang up before our feet while none of
us bad his gnn loaded. The bird was distinctly recognised, and had been feeding
on a domestic hen. Reports of its occurrence near Biskra are i)robably erroneous,
though it might be found in the forests of the Anres Mountains and stray to the
edge of the desert, notwithstanding that it is by no means a desert bird.

loo. Eutolmaetus fasciatus fasciatus (Vieill.)

(Bonelli's Eagle.)

This species is probably by no means rare in Algeria, as we saw it near
Biskra, Tilatou, Batna, Guelma, and flammam Meskoutiue, and in the Gorge de
Chiffa ; but the only specimen we obtained was an adult female from Tilatou, near
El Kantara. Its iris was light brown with yellow veins, the bill blue-grey, dark
towards the tip, feet dull pale yellow. The claws of this Eagle ajijiear to be
comparatively more formidable than those of a Golden Eagle.

156. Eutolmaetus peimatus (Gm.)

The Booted Eagle is not rare in Algeria. We have seen it flying on the
outskirts of Algiers, near Constantine and Batna. Gn April 2*) we receiveil
a freshly skinned female at Laghouat, shot there two days before. It was not,
however, until we came to Hammam R'bira that we made the fidl acquaintance ol'
this very pretty Eagle. There we saw it almost every day, sailing high above tlie
pine-woods or dashing through the trees ; and sometimes, especially on a sunny
day in the early morning, a pair would jday in the air, screwing themselves high
up, then dropping down like a stone, and chasing each other. Their cry is a sliar])
'' be be be " or '' be be be be," sometimes even tuore frequently repeated. When first
heard one does not think of an Eagle, but rather of a kind of Sandpijier. Two
nests stood on pine-trees {Finns halepensis) in the thick forest, close to the stems
of the trees. They were bnilt entirely of dead branches, laid out and decorated
with green jiine-twigs. A con])le of fresh eggs were taken on May 20, and tw<i

( 535 )

hard-set oues on May 28. These eagles are very bcjlJ and very swift flyers. They
prey on small mammals, such as raV)bits, smaller rodents, and birds. A winged
bird runs at an enormous speed, unlike a Golden Eagle; and thus we lost two
in the densely wooded ravines, full of the very thorniest brambles and Smilax.
Iris brownish orange, feet dull yellow, claws black. The eggs measure 53'5 x 43
and 53-7 x ViG; 55'7 x 44-5 and 55 x 45 mm. One is well marked with pale
rufous, the other three white without distinct markings.

157. Buteo ferox cirtensis (Lev.)

Buzzards have always been a difficult group to study. It has been the
custom to distinguish, besides the European Buteo buteo, the eastern Buteo
(lesertoriim and the larger eastern Buteo ferox. Few writers have gone further
in subilividiiig these forms, and Buteo cirtensis Inis universally been treated as
9, nynonym o1 desertornm. In 1S98 Erlanger, liowever, treated "Buteo cirtensis"
as a separate species, but without e.xplaining why. It is .also interesting that
Sharpe, as long ago as 1874, made a remark that " North African Buteo
c/esertorum" sometimes had a striking resemblance to B. ferox. In 1904 Oscar
Neumann for the first time put cirtensis in its right place, correctly treating it
as a subspecies of fero.r, while desertorum. was regarded as an eastern form of
Buteo buteo, as had been done before by Hartert and others. Neumann, however,
did not attempt to say how these two species (i.e. ferox and huteo) differed from
each other, and therefore nobody could understand his -reasons, unless he knew
these birds well and had a series of each before him to compare. Count Zedlitz in
1909 and 1910 emphatically declares that he fully agrees with Neumann's and
Erlanger's views, but he too avoids stating the differences of the two species.
Now, this is not such an easy task as one might think. It is very much as in
some Cuckoos : there is, as Swinhoe wrote in 1803, " a difficulty of pointing out
sufficiently recognisable characters to enable others to distinguish the particular
species whicli the discoverer wishes to describe from its numerous closely allied
congeners," although one knows perfectly well that they are different. Judging
from our seiies we come to the conclusion that the /cror-group is distinguishable
by its stronger build, the beak and feet being more powerful, the tail is entirely
barred in quite young birds only, and adult birds have quite unbarred tails, while
the buteo-gxo\x\) has weaker bills and feet, and the tail never loses its bars
entirely. Even in the least barred ones of the buteo-gtow'^ before us there remain
five or si.x distinct and well-defined bars on the outer webs of the lateral rectrices,
and a black subterminal bar with traces of others on the central pair of rectrices.
The statement repeated in many books that old desertorum have au entirely
unbarred tail is probably only due to the fact that B. ferox cirtensis has always
been mixed up with desertorum. Of course the latter is only an eastern repre-
sentative of buteo, while cirtensis is merely a much smaller race of ferox. It is
clear that buteo and ferox are species and not representatives, as they inhabit the
same areas in the eastern countries.

Buteo ferox cirbnsis is not rare in the southern portions of Algeria, bnt
less numerous in the north. In the forests of the Northern Atlas it does not
seem to breed, but nests on the rocks near El Kantara, Biskra, and Laghouat, and
Professor Koenig found it as far south as ^Va^gla.

On April 20 a nest, previously marked a month earlier, was found containing
two e.xceptioually well marked eggs, measuring 57'6 x 44-9 and 54'4 x 45 mm.

( 536 )

The nest was on an overhanging rook on Djebel Bon Ghezal, high nji ami
overlooking the desert, bnt only about 25 feet above a ledge of the rock wliich
was easily accessible. The female was shot while leaving the nest. Another nest
was seen on Djebel Metlili, at an emirnions heiglit and ([nite inaccessible. Most
specimens received from Riggenbach from Haha, Mogador, and near Mazagan, in
Morocco, are underneath of a yellowish cream-colonr or rnfous, witli narrower or
wider dark rnfous stripes, thighs and flanks cinnanion-rnfous ; but an adult bird
bought at Algiers has the entire under-surface ciuniunon-rufous, and another evideiitlv
younger bird with barred tail has the underside (piite white, including flanks and
thighs, broadly striped with brown.

158. Milvus korschun korschun (Gm.).

We cannot see our way to separate the N.W. African form of the "Black
Kite" from the S.E. and Central European one.

This species is common in Algeria, both as a migrant and nesting, but it,
appears to be absent in the winter. It nests mostly on clifts and rocks. We
have received a number of eggs from the neighbourhood of El Kantara. They
are of the usual type. We do not remember having seen the species at Touggourl ;
Koeuig shot it there, bnt probably on migration ; the palm trees not offering
o])portunities for nesting, and there being no clitl's, these birds can hardly breed
there. At Ghardaia, however, they were very numerous in April ; numbers could
be seen round the slaughtering-pLices near the town. In the winter not a single
Kite was seen there by Mr. Ratcliffe.

ITiO. Circus aeruginosus (L).

The Marsh-Harrier was seen in great numbers, and a female was shot on
Lake Fetzara February 2, 1911. Single ones were not unfrequently seen near
Biskra late in February and March. When we visited Lake Fetzara in May lUiili
we did not see this species.

Judging from these observations, this bird passes through Algeria as a
migrant and winters in suitable localities, but it is doulitful if it breeds there now,
though Loche stated that it bred in marshy districts.

UiO. Circus macrourus (Gm.).
A jjiid iif passage, and perhaps the commonest of its genus. It aj)|iears also
to winter in small numbers. A beautiful male was shot at Biskra on February 22,
191 1, and a female at Laghouat on April :i.

101. Circus pygargus (L.).
(Montagu's Harrier.)

This bird is evidently rare in Algeria and Tunisia. Whitaker calls it " far
from common in Tunisia," Erlanger never saw it, but obtained it from Bl.inc,
Koenig only saw and sliot one male.

We also shot only one single male near Biskra, April l',i, I'JOS, and distincljy
recognised it on one other occasion in the same place.

( 537 )
102. Accipiter nisus punicus Eri.

Acripiler tiinnn pimiriis. Erlanger. Jimrn.f. Orn. 1898, p. 4'29,

We have not a sufficient series to be able to speak aiitlioritativeiy on the
poiiit (if difference between A. nisua nisus and punicus, but it seems that the latter
is a jialer race which must be separated.

The Sparrow-ljawk is common in tiie woods of North Algeria, and we saw it
nut iiiCrequently near Hammam R'hira. A juvenile male with brown npperside
with a few Idne-grey feathers was shot near Lambese on May 8, 1900.

103. Circaetus gallicus (Gm.)

The Short-toed Eagle is not rare in Algeria from tlie Northern Atlas to Biskra
and Laghouat.

We found two nests. The first on tiie Djebel Bou Ghezal, near Biskra, on
April 24, 1909. The nest stood on a steep and high clift", and was placed on '
the top of a Ziztiphus-\mi\\ about three feet high. It was a large platform of
dead brandies, laid out with green twigs of Tjimoiiiastnim and otlier desert plants.
It, contained a single hard-set egg of the nsnal type. Another nest was found in
the monntain forest near Hammam R'hira. It was placed on the side of a steep
ravine, rather difficult of access, on a branch of a Piiui.s halcpeiiais, quite a
distan(-e from the stem. It contained, on May 21, a snow-white downy young
one, evidently only a day or two old.

We have freijuently seen these Eagles near Hammam H'liira, Hammam
Meskoutiae, Batna, Blidah, and in the Gorge de Ghiffa. On a sunny morning
tlie jiair often soar above the wood, where the nest stands, fre(inentiy uttering
their loud long-drawn mewing, and occasional!}' a shorter note, resembling that
of a small high-voiced dog, but the usual notes are not in the le.ist ''harsh,"
though rather loud.

Snakes of various kinds are really the favourite food of the '■ Suake-E igle," as
it is called in German, and we found rennxins of tliem in their nests and stomachs.

104. Falco subbuteo jugurtha Hart & Neum.

Falco subhiiteo jiir/urlka Hartert ;ind Neumann, /««/■«. /'. Oni. l'.K)7. p. 591 (Morocco, Alijeria,

Tunisia).
Fiilcii Huhluteu gracilis (non Brehm !) Erlanger, Jimrn.f. 'Irii. 18'JH. p. 4i')l, pis. x., .\i.

The Algerian r«,ce of the Hobby is paler on the npperside, has narrower
sfriations on the breast and abdomen and a lighter forehead than /•'. siihbiiti'O
.<ii(ljljiiteo. The monstacliial stripe is also narrower.

We saw the Hobby in May at Batna and at the foot of Djebel Mahmel, but
unfortunately had no chance of shooting it. There they must have been on their
breeding-grounds, but it is a question whether they stay through the winter, for
we met them, apparently on passage, in May at Laglionat and in the dayats.
The three we obtained at Tilrhempt and Laghouat belong to the North African
form.

105. Falco naumanni naumanni Fleiscli.

(^Fdlco cencltris ant.).

The Lesser Kestrel nests alinndantly in the stnjiendous gorge of the
lUimmel in Coustantiue. It is a wonderful sight to watch these jiretty Falcons

( 538 )

tlyiiig to and fro from rock to rock. They doalitless nest in otluT localities as
well — as, for exaiufile, on the river banks near Bojijliari — ami are jiassing through
South Algeria in March, having been noticed and shot at El Kantara and Biskra.
Sometimes they migrate in big flocks; more than twenty were seen together
one day in March near El Kantara.

166. Palco tinnunculus L.

Tlie Kestrels from X.W. Africa vary very mnch. While some are nndonbtedly
jialer than the majority of European ones, others are quite as dark and even, some-
times, richer marked and coloured. We are, tlierefore, as yet uncertain wljetlier
a N. W. African race can be separated or not.

The Common Kestrel is found all the year iduiid all over Algeria. It nests
from the Northern Atlas mountains to the bare rocky clitl's in the Northern Sahara,
near Biskra and Zaatsha. Professor Koenig saw it also near Wargla and a few
times in the M'zab country. The southernmost places where we observed and
obtained specimens were in Temacin, sonth of Tonggourt, and in the dayats near
Tilrhempt. Its nests are placed on clilfs (Coustantine, Biskra, El Kantara), on
stee]> river banks (Boghari), and on trees (Batna, according to Koenig) ; Tilrhemi)t,
on terebinth trees.

107. Falco peregrinus punicus Lev.

(It mnst be pointed out that the name iii.rliartif: cannot possibly be used fur lliis
form, as it was merely based on a figure and description by Albin, which is absolntely
unidentifiable. Moreover there is only one resident race of this group in Algeria
and Tunisia, and that is undoubtedly the Manretanian race of the Peregrine, as
shown by the Sjiaiiish and Sardinian races, which stand in the middle between
the North European Peregrine and that from N.W. Africa. The name j/iinicus of
Levaillaut jun. refers to this bird, which thus becomes Falco peregrinus punicus.)

There is little doubt that this form predominates over F. biarmicus erlnngeri
in Northern Tnuisia. We have a specimen from the neighbourhood of Hamniam
Me.skontine, and we believe that we distinctly recognised it on the Ujebel Taya, and
near Lambese, while other Falcons which we saw might as well have been F. bianiiicux
erlangeri.

Mr. Riggeiibach sent us a splendid series from the neighbourhood of Mogador
and Djebel Tixa in the Moroccan Atlas. Three eggs from the South Moroccan Atlas
measure 53 x 4()-5, 53'6 x 39'5, and oil x 30 mm.

168. Falco biarmicus erlangeri Kleinsehm.

This form differs from F. biarmicus tamjpUrus only by its somewhat smaller
size, the wings being 1 — 2 cm. shorter ; the females have the wings only from 3:io
up to 358 mm. Professor Neumann {Joarn. J. Urn. li)U4. pp. 360 — 371j has
already stated this fact, but since then we have e.xamiued a large series, Riggenbach
having sent 16 adult and 27 young specimens of this Falcon. The markings of the
head vary even more than Erianger has shown on his plate. The cross-barring on
the feathers of the uiqierside is sometimes present, sometimes not, and this does not,
seem to depend on age.

This Falcon unihmbtedly i)redominates in Sonth Algeria over F. jn'rcgrinus
punicus. The Falcons we saw kept by the late Bashaga's falconer in Biskra were

( 539 )

all F. biar»i?c//!< erhnujeri, and so are those nesting on the rofks of El Kantara ;
and probably a Falcoti which sometimes visited Laghonat, to oateh jiigeoiis round
the honses, belonged to this form.

Riggenbach sent ns a clutch of fonr eggs, accompanied by the parent birds,
from Morocco. These are lighter and less red than the eggs of F. peregr.
punicuH from the same i)lace, and measure 49'5 x 38, 49(5 x ^S'S, 5U'4 x :59"i, and
51 X SS'T) mm.

1(59. Phalacrocorax carbo carbo (L.)

Cormorants are common on the northern coasts and lakes, but we did not collect
any and therefore cannot say to which race they belong.

Mr. August Oser, however, sent ns a sj)ecimen obtained at Biskra, December I,
1908, of Ph. carbo carbo — not, as one might have expected, Ph. carbo maroccaniis
(Bull. E.G. Club, xvi. p. 110). The desert is doubtless a most unexpected place
for a cormorant !

170. Ardea cinerea cinerea L.

The Grey Heron is not rare in Algeria. The sonthernmost place where we
saw it is near Biskra, at Bordj Saada, where the Oued Biskra and Oued Djeddi
come close together.

171. Ardea purpurea purpurea L.

Appears to be not rare on the Algerian Lakes. We saw it on and received
specimens from Lake Fetzara in North Algeria.

172. Bubulcus lucidus (Raf.).

Common and resident in Northern Algeria. Great numbers were seen on
Lake Fetzara on May 21, 1909, and one shot, while in February 1911 only a few
were observed.

173. Ardeola ralloides ralloides (Scop.)

Several sj)ecimens were seen in the Oued Biskra in April 1908, and a very hue
male shot on April 18. Iris yellow, onter portion of ring more brownish golden
yellow. Feet yellowish green, top of toes and lower part of tarsus olive. Upper
beak and part of lower blackish horn-brown, rest greyish green ; cere yellowish
green.

174. Ardetta minuta (L.).

C)n Aijril 2(1, 1008, we funud an adult female sitting iu a mimosa hedge at
Biskra, and easily obtained it with a small walking-stick gun. It is said, by Loche,
to be resident, while Jlr. Wliitaker knows it, in Tunisia, to be a common spring
migrant.

17o. Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax (L.).

Probably jommoii in suitable localities, and met with by Tristram as far sonth
as Touggourt. We have received it from the neighbourhood of Hammam
Meskoutine, and saw it flying over the station at Batna in the early morning
in May.

170. Ciconia ciconia ciconia (L.).

White Storks nest in great nnmbers in Algeria, but nowhere are they, as far
as our experience goes, so common as in the neighbourhood of and especially iu the

( 540 )

towQ of Bataa. On May 5, 1909, we counted as many as eight nests on the town-
hall alone, and there were several more in 1008. Another nest is on the ehnrch,
and a unmbor more on other lionses as well as in the neighbonrhood on bnildings
and trees. A stork was nesting, in 1900, on a Roman archway near Larabfese, and
another pair on the tallest oC the colnmns in the famons ruins of Timgad.

Very few, if any, White Storks remain in North Algeria all tiironoh the
winter; but they do nut go far south, and the majority pmlulily remain in South
Algeria, where they may frei|uently be seen near El Ontaya and Biskra.

About the middle of February a few Storks were seen near Guelma, but whether
they had remained there throughout the winter, or had already arrived from the
south, is of coarse not possible to say. According to Mr. Whitakerthe Storks return
to Tunisia about the end of February.

On March 5 a Stork was shot near Biskra, and two were obtained for us in the
Tell-conntry south of Bone by Monsieur Dechabert. These specimens differ in no
way from North European ones.

No doubt some Enrojjean Storks ]iass tlirough Algeria on their way fo
tropical and South Africa, but the majority of them appear to take a more easterly
or westerly route, mostly travelling by way of the Nile, others over Sjmin and
Morocco.

177. Comatibis eremita (L.).

It is well known that this grotesque Ibis was found more than fiftv years ago
in Algeria, but since that time no information lias been forthcoming about its
occurrence. Loche stateil tiiat it nested near B(]ghar, and Tristram said that he
obtained it " on the rocky ridges '" near Bon Gui/.oun, which is now called Bon
Ghezonl, on the way to Laghoaat. From this several ornithologists have made it
"near Laghouat," and we have also been guilty of copying this mistake in our
article in the JVon'tates Zoologicae, when we proved that this bird was formerly an
inhabitant of Switzerland and must be called C. eremita. Bou Ghezonl, however,
is a caravanserai south of Boghari, a small town close t.o the old town of Boghar,
there are no other rocks in the neighbourhood than those about midway between
Boghari and Bon Ghezoul, and it must have been there where both Loche and
Tristram obtained their specimens. Tristram shot his specimen on June 3, ls50,
Loche got eggs and was the first naturalist to describe them. Since then
nobody seems to have troubled very much about this bird in Algeria, but
Koenig was much interested in it, and says that he never came across it,
though he inquired and was on the look-out for it in all the suitable places.
Evidently, however, he did not visit places that the birds themselves thought
suitable, and the most likely place — i.e. the one where it was found by Loche and
Tristram — has not been revisited by another ornithologist, e.xcept by Mr. Gurney,
who passed by in 1870, but saw nothing of the bird. We were of course
anxious to clear up the question whether and where this bird was still found
in Algeria ; and as soon as we were in Boghari we inquired about the bird,
and found to our surprise that it was well known to some Arabs and several
Frenchmen as well. One of the Arabs gave a perfectly clear and unmistakable
description of the bird, said it occurred only in the spring months, nested on the
rocks south of the town, where it also roosted at night, but iu the daytime it was
asleep ; while another Arab as well as a Frenchman corrected this evident nonsense,
saying it left the rocks in the day and would be seen feeding on the fields and along
the river. Wliat interestetl us most was the fact that the Arabs said the name of

( 541 )

the bird was "Oghrab larjun," while in Morocco Hartert was told its name was
" Oghrab el bain," both names apparently meaning another kind of Raven,
(" Oghrab" = Raven).

After tliis information our hopes ran high, and the next morning Hartert and
Hilgert went otf to the steep rocky ridges, in a bitterly cold, blinding north-east
wind and rain. Their researches, however, were in vain. There was no sign of the
coveted prize, and the Arabs raised the question if it was not perhaps a little
too early. This did not seem very likely, but in West Morocco Riggenbach
declared positively that these birds only returned to their breeding-places earlv
in April.

On A]iril 3 we continued our journey soutiiwards, seeing or hearing nothing of
the bird, e.xcept in the little caravanserai of Guelt es Stel, where the keeper told
ns that he knew the Bald-headed Ibis well, but it did not occur near his place,
and was only known from the rocks near Boghari, where he himself had shot
one not many years ago.

On our way back, on Ajiril 29, we made together another search on the rocks
and along the river, but neither did we see it on the fields or river banks, nor on
the rocks, although Hartert visited the highest and sheerest cliffs and climbed right
over the two most rugged, though more accessible ridges. This was bad luck, as
we could not stay longer at Boghari, and the birds were certainly on their breeding-
places at that time of the year ; and an Arab shejiherd told us he had seen some
near the river only a few days ago, but there were not many of them, and it was
a chance when one saw them. A French gentleman, however, hearing of our
researches, promised to send us one of these birds, which he hoped to come across
in I\Iay ; and actually, on June 2, he sent us a beautiful adult male.

This history proves again how tenaciously birds keep to their homes, and that
it is always worth while to explore places where certain birds were found as long as
fifiy or sixty years ago or longer ; unless nature or cultivation has altered a place
entirely, or the birds (like Rapaces in Europe) have been wantonly destroyed year
after year, the same birds will, as a rule, be found where they had their home
before.

178. Plegadis falcinellus (L.).

We only saw the Glossy Ibis once, on April 15, north of Tamerna, on the
route to Touggourt.

170. Phoenicopterus roseus Tall.

On February 1!), 1008, we saw a great quantity of Flamingoes on the shalinw
lake between El Guerra and Batna. In lOOO, about March 20, Flamingoes occurred
south of Biskra. One was received from Arabs by a tourist, one was caught alive
and brought to us, and a dead one found near Bordj Saada. On April 1 (i a
decayed dead Flamingo was found north of Tamerna, between Touggourt and
Biskra.

180. Tadorna tadorna (L.).

Ajiparently not rare in the winter months, seen occasionally im Lake Fetzara.

181. Anas platyrhyncha (L.).
(Anas boschas anct.)
Seen in some numbers on Lake Fezzara in February.

( 542 )

182. Anas crecca (L.)-

Seen in March near Biskra ; seen and sliot in February on Lake Fetzara.
Featbers ou sides and abdomen still moulting in Februar}*.

183. Spatula clypeata (L-).

Seen on Lake Fetzara in February and received from Mr. Steinbaeh, wlio shot
one near Biskra.

184. Dafila acuta (L.).
The Pintail is not rare in winter on tlie lakes of North Algeria.

185. Mareca penelope (L.).

The Wigeon is common in North Algeria in winter. AVe obtained a siiiMinicn
near Constantino in Febrnary.

186. Nyroca nyroca (Giild.).

The AVhite-eyed Dnck appears to be fairly common in North Algeria in winter.
We shot one on Lake Fet/.ara on Felirnary 0, Kill.

18T. Nyroca ferina ferina fL.).

A male was shot on Lake Fetzara, February '.», 19II, in beautiful s]iring
])lumage. It appears not to be rare in winter.

188. Nyroca fuligula fuligula (L. ).

Common on Lake Fetzara in February. The body-plumage of males and
females was still moulling on February 9.

I8'.i. Columba oenas L.

We once distinctly recognised a pair, evidently on j)assage, iu the dayats, where
Tristram observed it in 1866.

190. Columba palumbus palumbus L.

A comparison of our specimens from Algeria and a good series from the
Moroccan Atlas, collected by Riggenbach, has convinced us that the N.AV. African
Wood-pigeon cannot be 8ej)arated from the Euroijean one. Bonaparte (Cum/i/.
Rfiid. I'aris .xliii. p. s36, lt<o6) gave the name of crcelsu-i to the North Algerian
Pigeon, because it e.xcelled all other Algerian Pigeons iu size, and had more white
on the wings and neck. Erlanger said it differed by being paler, and hati more
white on the neck, while we thought it was more intensely coloured.

None of these characters hold good. Neither is this supposed form larger than
European palumhun, nor is there more white on them, nor are they richer or paler
in colour.

We must therefore agree with Salvadori, Koenig, and Whitaker, who refused
to separate the African form.

V^e found it common near Larabese, and not rare in the woods of Hammam
R'hira in the Atlas.

(543)

101. Columba livia livia L.

The Rock-dove is resident iu suitable localities iu various parts of Algeria,
from the north coast to Biskra and Ghardaia. One sees it on the fields of the
Tell-country, and especially numerous at El Kantara and on the rocks near
Biskra.

192. Streptopelia turtur arenicola Hart.

Nov. Zunl. i. p. 42 (1891. — Persia and X.W. Africa. Type : Fao, Persian Gulf, Cumming coll.).

The Turtledoves from N.W. Africa vary a great deal, but the cinnamon-
brown feathers of the mantle and on the wings are paler than in T. turtur turtur.
This can easily be seen when a series is compared. Persian specimens appear to
agree perfectly with onr Algerian series.

A summer resident in the north and south of Algeria, breeding from the
Atlas (Hammam R'hira, Hammam Meskoutine) to the oases of the desert :
Biskra, Onmash, and very numerous in Berrvau and among the palm-groves of
Ghardaia.

193. Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiacus (Lath.).

The Senegal Turtledoves from the countries north of the Sahara are
distinguishable from the tropical T. scnrgalensia senegalen.<iis chiefly by their larger
size, the wings being about 1 cm. or more longer. As a rule the rump is much
less or hardly at all tinged with blue, though younger males and females of
the tropical form have also brownish rumps. The colour of the scapulars and
inner wing-coverts is duller and not so reddish, the tips of the black jngnlar
feathers of a different, more rosy, less cinnamon rufous.

Tills pretty Uove is never found north of the Atlas, or, in fact, anywhere
except in extensive groves of date-palms. It is therefore found in the oases of
Biskra, Onmash, Tolga, Zaatsha, all through the Oned R'hir, in Touggourt,
Teraacin, and El Oned. It is also extremely common in Ghardaia and Berryan,
though in the latter place it is perhaps outnumbered by Turtur turtur arenicola.
The bird is not migratory, but absolutely resident.

Plate V. iu the Journ. f. Or/i. 1905, meant to show the differences between
Turtur senegali'iisk' seneqalen.iis, ae<ji/ptiacus, and the supposed (but untenable)
" aequo torialis" is quite misleading. One has the impression that the upper
two fi.gures represent S and ? of aegi/ptiacus, the lower the typical senegalensis.

Professor Koenig says that he found this Dove from El Kantara to Wargla.
Onr reliable and careful friend, however, must have made a mistake — either from
a slip of his memory or his pen — for it is certainly never found in the oasis of
El Kantara. We have spent many an hour in the palm-grove>; of that oasis, and
have asked Arabs and Frenchmen, who knew the liird well IVoni Biskra, but its
occurrence could in no way be confirmed.

Also Tac/.anowski (.Journ. f. Orn. ISTO. p. oTj e.xpressly states that it is not
fonn<l iu El Kantara or other of the higher oases.

Eggs were found in March and April, and at El Oned young ones already
fledged about the middle of April.

194. Pterocles arenarius (Pall.).

This species is common enough in the semi-desert — as, for e.xample, in the
plain of El Outaya and near Biskra — but very shy, as it is much songht after

( 544 )

and shot at. It was not observed south of Bordj 8aada, but occurs along tlie foot
of the hills, near Zaatsha and Tolga.

105. Pterocles alchata alchata (L.).

Although nndonbtedly common enough in many districts sontli of the Atla'^,
we did not have the good fortune ever to shoot at one of these Sand-grouse, tliougli
once we saw it in great masses south of Biskra, and have received skins from
Ijaghouat.

19(1 Pterocles senegallus senegallus (L.).

('ontniry to what Whitaker says of Tunisia, where he found it the least
[ilentiCul of the four species of Sand-gi'onse, we found 1'. sfnff/all'Hs abundant south
of Biskra, and even not very far from the Oued Biskra, near the frequented road
to Sidi Okba. Every time we visited Algeria we were able to collect some
s])ecimens, and once shot over twenty in one day, when we might have got many
more if they had been of any nse to us, and we had remained longer in the ))lace
where we got them, as they always returned there to drink. This species is a true
inhabitant of the desert plains, but is not found in the mountains, nor in the region
of the sand-dunes.

It is noteworthy that each species of Pterocles has au entirely different note,
and by this means we also recognised P. coronatiis near Mrair and at (ihardaia, but
never came near it.

On April '.^2 a female was got with a fully develojied egg.

107. Caccabis petrosa petrosa (Gm.).

The northern dark form of the " Barbary Partridge" is very common in
North Algeria, from the Mediterranean coast to the mountain forests of the Southern
Atlas near Batna and Lambese, but it does not seem to occur at any high
altitudes. We have also recently received some from Laghouat.

We were able to collect a very fine series near Hamman Meskoutine, all of
which agree in the main. Occasionally specimens are found which have the niij)er
chest-feathers chestnut-red in the middle, only the base and edges being grey.
This same variety is also found in the other races. The iris is red-brown or rufous,
bill dark red, bare skin round eyes pale orange-red, feet red.

Comparing our Algerian series with a good series from Sardinia, we have not
detected any ditfereix'e whatever.

198. Caccabis petrosa spatzi lieicheuow.

This pale subspecies is widely spread over the southern jiarts of Algeria. It
does not, however, seem to be very numerous in most ]ilaces, and we were not able
to get more than two specimens, being greatly hamjiered by the game laws, which
forbade shooting game-birds after January.

€. petroxa siiatzi orcurs sparingly on the river banks of the Oued Biskra and
Oued Djeddi, and near El Kantara. It is also found in the dayats and at Berryan,
the northernmost oasis of the Beni M'zab, and Professor Koenig found it on the
Oued N'(;a in the M'zab country.

Our Algerian specimens agree with tyi>ical Tunisian spatzi.

( 545 )

We are now acquainted with the following races of G. petrosa :

Caccabis petrosa petrosn ((im.). Northern N.W. Africa and Sardinia. The
statements of its occurrence in S.E. Earope appear to be erroneous ! Cf. Reiser,
Ornis Balcanica iii. p. 577.

Caccabis petrosa koeniyi Rchw. Above more shxt)-, breast more intensely
coloured. Canary Islands. (From Tenerife and Gomera in the Triug Museum.)

Caccabis petrosa spatzi Rchw. South Algeria and South Tunisia.

ino. Cotumix coturnix coturnix (L.).

The Quail passes through Algeria on migration, and is one of the principal
objects of " la chasse." We have met with it even among the barest sand-dunes
between El Oued and Touggourt, where there were little bushes of Ephedra or
Limoniastrum, or a few blades of Siipa.

Quails are also nesting in North Algeria, and at least as far south as Batna and
the foot of Djebel Mahmel.

200. Rallus aquations aquations L.

Water-rails are said to be common in winter, but we only saw one near
Biskra at the end of February.

2U1. Porzana porzana (L.).

Seen several times near Biskra, in ditches, in February and March. A male
shot at Biskra February 26, 1911. Iris dull red. Bill greenish olive-yellow, base
orange. Feet yellowish green.

202. Porzana pusilla intermedia (Herm.).

(Baillon's Crake.)

A fine female obtained at Biskra, April 13, 1908. Iris brownish red. Bill dark
olive, spot on upper and greater part of lower mandible grass-green. Feet
light olive.

203. Crex crex crex L.

Landrails are not rare on passage, and we have several times seen them
brought in by the (juail-shooters in March and April. We have a male, obtained
at Biskra April 11, 19u8.

2114. Gallinula chloropus chloropus (hX

It is evidently resident, as it is in North Tunisia, in the northern parts of
Algeria, as it was seen near Hammam Meskontine in May. We shot a female
at Biskra on April 4, 1908, where several others were seen.

2t)5. Fulica atra atra (L).

Coots were seen in vast numbers on Lake Fetzara on February 2, 1011. We
shot several, some of which have enormously developed and highly swollen frontal
shields. Similarly large shields seem to be seen in Europe in the breeding season
only. Others we shot had small shields, as in Europe. This species breeds on
the lake in great numbers.

[We did not see Fulica cristata.']

36

( 546 )

^ifty Porphyrio caerulea (Vaiulelli).

The Mediterranean Pnqile Gallinnle was met with fommonly on Lake Fetzara
in February li'll, and they arc said to hreed there also in irreat nnrabcrs. Loche
found it on the same lake half a century ago, and Tristram met with it even
at Tonggonrt! We managed to get, with the help of a French sportsman, who
gave ns several specimens, a fine series of ten specimens. Though one heard
the loud and sonorous cries frerjnently, one did not see very many of these birds,
as they keep mostly to the thick water vegetation, and are not easily put to
flight. The Arabs and French called the bird " sultana." The iris is dull red ;
the bill scarlet with paler tip and a narrow whitish line at base. Feet coral-red,
joints of toes tinged with greyish brown ; claws greyish brown.

[One of the most interesting puzzles in Algerian ornithology is the occurrence
of a specimen of " Rallus jnarginaUs " in January in a ditch in the oasis of
Biskra, where it was caught by Taczanowski, as recorded in Journ. f. Orn. 1870.
p. 54. This Kail is altogether an enigma. A few specimens only arc known,
some from Damaraland, two from Gaboon, one from Kamerun, one from Ribe,
near Mombasa, in East Africa, one from near East London in South Africa, and
one in the Tring Mnseum from Aldabra Island, where it was obtained in December
by Mr. F. R. Mortimer. Andersson said he found it breeding in Damaraland in
February and March. We cannot helj) thinking that this may be a mistake. If
the bird was breeding in Damaraland it would not be a migrant, and how could
it come to be found in East and West Africa, in Aldabra — marked by the collector
as on migration — and last but not least in Biskra I

We cannot help thinking that it might be a palaearctic bird, the home of
which is as yet unknown, and which migrates into Africa in winter.

The systematic position of the species has been much disputed. It was first
mentioned by Bonaparte as Porzana marginalis, and described under the same
name by Hartlaub ; Uurney called it Urti/yomrtra (which was merely another
name for Porzuna) ; tSharpe called it Crex marginalis, and later on {Cat. Birds
xxiii. p. 335) Limnobaenus; while Reichenow {Vog. Aj'r. i. p. 282) termed it
Corethrtira nvtrginalis.

We see no reason to separate it from Porxo.na.'\

207. Meffalornis grus grus (L.).

We saw once several Cranes in the great plain of El Outaya, between Biskra
and El Kantara, early in March 1908.

208. Anthropoides virgo (L.).

On April 2 one of us mot with a pair of these graceful Cranes in the plain
south of Boghari, where they nest. A person in Boghari showed us a female
which she had kept alive for some years. It was taken when quite small, and
laid a number of eggs. Some of the latter were given to us. They arc of the
usual type, and measure 85 x 55, .S(j-5 x 53, 8(i'5 x 55, 81.) x 54, 78'2 x 50 mm.

200. Houbara uiidulata luidulata (Jacquin).

The Houbara is the only species of Bustard we came across. It is found
in the plain of El Outaya and south of Itiskra, is comparatively common on

( 547 )

the stony plateau between Laghouat and Ghardaia, and occurs in the great sea
of halfa grass on the "Hants plateaux."

Like all Bnstards it is very shy, and aronnd Biskra it is most difficnlt to get a shot
at one. The Arabs, however, trap it in the breeding season and bring the birds as well
as their eggs into Biskra and otlier places for sale — a most aljominable habit, which
will soon exterminate them in the neighbourhood of that town. On the great
plateaux, which are very thinly populated, they still hold their own in undiminished
quantities. They often rose quite close to the motor when we travelled to and
from Ghardaia. A number of eggs measure 64 x 45, 62 x 44'3, 64'8 x 4.3, GO x 45,
60 X 45, 65 X 45, 67-7 x 40, 66-5 x 455, 57-5 x 451, 61'5 x 441, 61-2 x 455 mm.

211). Oedicnemus oedicnemus saharae Rchw.

Although we do not consider this form a "distinct species," as Prof Reichenow
calls it (see vSharpe, Hamllist Birds i. p. 172, note), it was perfectly correct to include
it in the Ilamflist, as many forms are included which are similarly closely allied
subspecies. Comparing a series of these birds with a series of European ones,
one notices at once the more sandy tint of the upperside, and especially the back,
and the narrower black streaks on the crown, back, and scapulars oi' saharae. Some
specimens, however, of 0. o. oedicnemus — ^as for example one from Ahlsdorf in
the Brehm collection — come close to saharae, and some of the latter are darker
on the back, thus somewhat approaching 0. o. oedicnemus. Nevertheless 0. o,
saharae must be treated as a distinguishable snbsjjecies.

We found 0. o. saharae not rare near Biskra, and met with it also near the
dayats, in the neighbourhood of Tilrhemjit. We did not come across it in North
Algeria, where (according to Whitaker) the darker form would have to be expected,
though we have never seen any others than pale ones from N.W. Africa. Two
specimens from Gnelma in North Algeria in the British Museum are also pale.

The iris in the birds we shot varies from sulphur to almost golden yellow ;
eyelid sulj)hnr-yellow ; feet dull sulphur or straw-yellow ; bill black, basal half
sul]ihur-yeliow. Some eggs measure 51-5 x 37-5, 52 x :58-4, 51-8 x 38-1,51 x 36-'J,
52-6 X 376 mm.

We are now acquainted with the following forms of Oedicnemus :

0. oedicnemus oedicnemus {h.) : Europe. (Apparently wintering in N.E. Africa,
and perhaps in N. Algeria and N. Tunisia.)

0. oedicnemus saharae Rchw. : N.W. Africa, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia ;
Eastwards through the Sahara to Egypt and Palestine, and perhaps Asia Minor;
also Malta.

0. oedicnemus insularum Sassi : Eastern Canary Islands, Fuertaventura and
Lauzarote. — Upper surface very much like that of 0. o. oedicnemus, but slightly
mure rul'escent ; shaft-stripes on throat, jnguium and breast heavier and reaching
farther backwards, especially on tlie sides, right down to the flanks. Wings
shorter : three specimens, two male and one female, in the Triug Museum,
212—226 mm.

U. oedicnemus subsp. : Merv, East Persia, Indian desert to Sirsa district.
This form closely resembles 0. o. saharae, but is not so sandy, more pale greyish
on the upperside, and the dark brown spots on the back are much narrower,
forming meiely broad shaft-stripes. Wings 235 — 245 mm.

It is difficnlt to say whether this bird should be called ('. oedicnemus scolopax
S. G. Gmelin, described from the south-west end of the Caspian Sea, without

( 5-t8 )

having a skin from that locality ; but probably Gmelin'.s bird will be the European
darker form, aud the South and East Persian form would require a new name.

0. oedicneniM indiciis Salvad. : India aud Ceylon. Fifteen specimens have
wings of 205—220, very rarely 225 mm. — It is difficult to understand that
Sharpe, in the Cat. Birds x.Kiv. p. 6, did not separate tliis form.

211. Glareola pratincola pratincola (L.)
We met with a small party near Bordj Saada, south of Biskra, on April 22, I'JU'J,
and obtained two beautiful adult females. Iris very dark brown, feet blackish
brown, bill black, base behind nostrils red.

212. Cursorius gallicus gallicus (Gm.).

The beautiful, graceful " Courser," equally swift on foot as on the wing, was
met with fre(]^uently south of the Atlas. According to Whitaker it occurs also in
North Algeria, even near the town of Tunis, aud Koeuig saw it once near Batna;
but we only found it in the desert, south of Biskra and Laghouat. It is sometimes
very noisy, and its loud "quit-quit" is often heard before one sees the bird.
The Arabs call it the Swak el ibel (J.e. the camel-driver), and do not seem to like
its being shot. We found it on sandy ground only, but only where there was some
vegetation and stones not far away, for among the stones it deposits its eggs, in
a little depression in the ground, without a nest. We did not once see it among
the high duues of shifting sand in the " Soiif." The iris is dark brown, bill black
or blackish horn, feet milk-white. Our two eggs, taken south of Bordj Saada in
April 1909, measure 34-1 x 27'1 and 34-8 x 27 mm.

213. Charadrius dubius Scop.
Common in North and South Algeria, and apparently breeding as far south as
Biskra. Eggs were takeu near Hammam Meskoutiue in May ; they measure
29 X 21-0, 29-5 x 22, 28-5 x 22, 29 x 22 mm.

214. Charadrius alexandrinus L.
At least as common as C. dtibitis, and met with near Biskra, Mrair, Tamerna,
Touggourt, and Ghardaia.

215. Vanellus vanellus (L.).
Very common in Northern Algeria during the winter months, but uot so
numerous in the south.

216. Himantopus bimantopus himantopus (L.).
Seen several times in March aud April in tlie neighbourhood of Biskra, and
two shot April 19, 1908.

217. Gallinago gallinago gallinago (L.).
The Common Snipe is numerous iu winter, in suitable localities, and we have
often met it near Biskra in March.

218. Erolia minuta (Leisl.).
( Tringa viimita auct.)
Only once, near Ghardaia, April 22, 1911, we came across a couple, and
managed to shoot one, which is, of course, in beautiful spring i)lumage.

( 549 )

210. Erolia ferruginea (Briiiin.).
{Tringa snbarquata auct.)
A flue male was also shot on April 22, near Ghardaia.

220. Machetes pugnax (L.).

Appears to be not rare as a migrant. We obtained an adult female at Berryan
April 24, 1911.

221. Tringa hypoleuca (L.).

(Totuniis or Ac/it is hi/poleucus anct.)

We have seen this common bird in winter near Hammam R'liira and
Biskra.

222. Tringa ocrophus Ij.

Seen near Hammam Meskoutiue and Biskra, and sliot at the latter place in
February and March.

223. Tringa glareola L.

We saw a Wood .Sandpiper which had been shot near Biskra, and killed
one ourselves near Bordj Chegga on April 19, 1909.

224. Tringa stagnatilis (Bechst.).

A flock of over thirty Marsh Sandpipers was met with near Ghardaia on
April 22, 1911, out of which we shot several.

It appears that this species, which is an eastern bird, is rare in N.W^. Africa.
There seems to be no record from Morocco, and Mr. Whitaker has only a
single skin obtained in Tunisia, though Blanc says it occurs in the Regency
throughout the year (?) Loche, however, knew it as a migrant in Algeria.

Eye dark brown, bill black, feet pale yellowish olive-green.

225. Tringa calidris (L.).

We have heard the notes of the Redshank at Algiers, and identified it from
the train near Constantine.

226. Numenius arquatus (L.).

We identified some specimens flying over the Chott, near Touggonrt, on
April 13, 1909.

227. Numenius tenuirostris Vieill.

Although we never had one of these birds in onr hands, we distinctly
recognised a large flock south of Biskra, towards the end of March 19t)9, and
Hilgert thinks that another flock of birds, which we saw near Bone on February 9,
belonged to this species.

228. Thalasseus niloticus niloticus (Gm.).

{Sterna anglica auct.).

If the thick-billed Terns are se])arated gcnorically, the generic name Tlialaxscus
will have to be used, the long-tailed and short-tailed species being placed in the
same genus.

( 550 )

We saw three near Ghardaia on April 22, 1011, two of whiili we shot. We
found the iris very dark brown, bill and feet pure black.

[A small Tern was seen, bnt not definitely identified, near Bordj 8aada, sontli
of Biskra, on April 21, 1909.]

220. Larus argeutatus cachinnans I'm 11.
In winter these Gulls could be seen daily in Algiers Harbour and along the
coast.

[As we did no sea-shooting, no Procellariidae were collected, bnt Levantine
Shearwaters were seen from the steamer when approaching the Algerian coast in
winter, and while leaving it in June.]

230. Podlceps ruficoUis ruficoUis (Pall.).

(Podiceps Ji)iri((t)lis auct.)

Seen and shot on Lake Fetzara, on February 9, 1911.
[Podiceps nigricollis was seen the same day, bnt not obtained.]

Ostriches mnst have been very numerous at one time in the Algerian desert,
because pieces of egg-shells are frequently found in the sand districts between
Tonggourt and El Oned, and also between Touggourt and Wargla. While picking
up some of these, about twenty-two miles east of Tonggourt, Hartert took also
three pieces of a very much thicker egg-shell of a much browner colour. As soon
as Rothschild saw them he said they must belong to an extinct large Strnthionid
bird. Being too busy with other urgent things, we handed these fragments over to
Mr. C. W. Andrews, who also came to the conclusion that they must belong to
an unknown extinct large Struthious bird, and named them

Psammomis rothschildi.

See BeriM liber den V. Intern. Orii. Kotujress, pp. 150 aad lG'.»-73.

This bird must have been of gigantic proportions, and probably several other
species of the genus Psammomis Andrews have existed in the Sahara, because
Erlanger and Hilgert found many fragments of large egg-shells in the South
Tunisian desert, and this year Hilgert picked up quite a number on the sand
among the tamarisk-bushes hardly twenty miles south of Biskra, which appear to
be rather different from the type-fragments of P. rothschildi. We have handed
them also over to Mr. Andrews, who has promised to examine them carefully and
to give us his o])inion about them before long.

The recent Ostrich, Strnthio camelns, is no longer found in Algeria proper.
where Tristram still found it, and apparently not over rare, between Ghardaia and
Touggourt — on the Oued N'<;a among other places.

It has long ago disappeared from there, but we have been told that it
is still found not very far south of In Salah, in the centre of the Sahara.

( ^'^^ )

LIST OF SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED IN PORTUGAL.

By dr. K. JORDAN and THE HON. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A.

'T^HE knowledge of the distribntion of the Sii>honaptera being very limited,
-*- we deem it advisable to publish the list of the fleas we canght in Portugal,
althongh the number of species obtained is very small. The junior author visited
Lisbon and Cintra early in 1909, and the senior author spent some time at the
same places in the spring of 1910, and also collected in Algarve, the most southern
province of Portugal. Four of the eight species collected were new at the time
of capture.

1. Pulex irritans L. (17.o8).

We obtained a number of specimens at Cintra, but were agreeably surprised
at finding this pest a rarity in the honses at which we stayed in Algarve.

2. Archaeopsylla erinacei maura subsp. no v. (Text-fig. 1.)

One <S and four ? ? from Monchique, Algarve, an Erinaceus europaeus.

The specimens of A. erinacei collected in the Western Mediterranean countries
are different from the more northern examj)les, more especially in the Si- We
have compared, besides the S from Monchique (the type of maura), two SS from
Mazagau, Morocco, another from Majorca, Balearic Islands, and three S S from
Biskra, Algeria. All present the following differences :

The short manubrium of the eighth tergite is, in a lateral aspect, flat and

Fm. 1.

obtuse. The manubrium of the ninth tergite is slightly longer than in trne
erinacei. The large flap of the clasper is more than one-third longer than in
erinacei from more northern or eastern localities, the apex being much more
produced (text-fig. 1). The distance from the apex of this flap to the proximal,
slanting portion of the dorsal margin is the same as the distance from the base
of the spine situated at the tip of the genal process to the frontal margin of
the head measured in a straight line running below the eye, whereas in true
erinacei the length of the flap only equals the distance from that spine to the
anterior edge of the eye. Moreover, the eighth abdominal tergite bears on each
side a row of three bristles in all the JcJ.

( 552 )

In the ? the eighth abdominal tergite hears laterally towards the base only
one bristle, and the seventh sternite has five bristles on the two sides together.

The specimens which we have from Sardinia, Corfu, and Asia Minor do not
belong to this race, but appear to ns to agree perfectly with Central European
erinacei.

3. Ceratophyllus laverani Roths. (1011).

A very large series of both sexes was obtained from an old bird's-nest found

near Cintra on April 25th, 1010. The nest was built about a yard and a half

above the ground in a small tree. It rested on the toii of the cut-off stem, and
was protected by some branches. The nest had a very dilapidated look, and
appeared to be a last year's nest of a Blackbird. We expected to find some
Staphylinid beetles in it, and therefore put it into a bag to take it to the hotel
for closer examination. But when I withdrew my hand from the bag I was not
a little surprised to see a number of pale fleas crawling about my fingers. The
nest was literally swarming with them. — K. J.

The species was still uudescribed at the time, but we have since received it from
various places in the Alps, France, and Sardinia. The trne host is Mi/oxng glig.
It is therefore probable that a Mi/oxiis bad chosen that bird's-nest as a sleej)ing-
place, and infested it with C. laverani. We have also found the same species
of flea in a bird's-nest in the French Alps.

4, Ceratophyllus gallinulae Dale (187s).

8 (?£?, 27 ? ?, and some larvae; Monchiqne, Algarve, May 10, lOli), from
the nest of Tardus mertda.

The nest was bronght to us by a boy. We did not observe any fleas in it,
but saw some flea-larvae underneath the wings of a dead young bird which was
in the nest, and had apparently been dead only a few hours. Under a lens the
larvae were seen making movements as if they were feeding on the epidermis
of the bird. The above series of specimens was subsequently bred from the
nest. The larvae had a blackish grey appearance, with pale intersegmental rings.
When bronght to the window for observation and exposed to the bright daylight,
they at once ceased feeding and hastily left the bird, falling back into the nest.

5. Ceratophyllus londiniensis Roths. (1903).

5 ? ?, Cintra, April 0 and 11, 1911, o& Mus muscnlus.

2 ? ?, Monchi(|ue, Algarve, May 13, 1900, off the same host.

0. Ctenophthalmus baeticus Roths. (lOlo).

Ciemphthahnug hi, Urns Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mar/. (2). xxi. p. 208. no. 2. fig. 1-3 (l'.)llj).

4 S3 (incl, of type) and 11 ? ?, Cintra, April 21 and 24, I'.Ho, (iff .l///.s-
sylvaticus.

The mice were all trapped in the garden below Lawrence's Hotel at Cintra.

7. Palaeopsylla atlantica spec. nov.

9 6S and 9 ? ?, Monchique, Algarve, May II, 12 and 13, 1910, off Talpa
europaea.

Our knowledge of Palaeopsylla dates from the publication of A. Dampfs
researches on this genus.

( 553 )

Five species are now laiowii, four of which were formerl}' united in colli'eti<ins
under the name of P. gracilis Tiisch.

The specimens obtained in Portugal prove to belong to a new species, the
sixth of the genus. It is one of that section of Falaeopsylla in which the movable
linger of the clasping organs of the i is inserted at a considerable distance from
the manubrium.

The long spine of the genal comb lies above the genal process, the apex of
the latter not being covered by the spine ; and the next genal spine (the second
from below) is sharply pointed, resembling the long spine in shape except for
the base being longer and the apex less drawn oat. The spines of the pronotal
comb are straight and pointed, and not at all curved upwards. The antepygidial
bristle is as long as the longest geual spine (measured along its hind or dorsal
edge). The tibiae bear two or three minute hairs at the anterior edge, apart
from the snbapical pair, and no additional hairs near that edge. The himltarsus
is long, especially the first segment, which equals in length (or nearly) the distance
from the tip of the long geual spine to the frontal tubercle, being one-third longer
than the finger of the clasper. The only trenchant differences from the allied
species are found in the modified posterior abdominal segments.

Modified Segments. — S. The eighth sternite is beneath so excised at each
side that a central ventral lobe is formed, which is strongly chitinised, and appears

Fig. 2.

very sharply pointed in a lateral aspect (text-fig. 2). The ninth tergite projects
but slightly inward. The clasper bears about fifteen small hairs near and at
the dorsal margin and one longer bristle near the apex, there being one long
bristle at the ventral margin, as is usual in this genus. The finger (F) is inserted
at a considerable distance from the base of the manubrium, and is straight. Its
apex is evenly and strongly rounded ventrally and only a little less rounded
dorsally. There are three rather stout, short, and very pale bristles dorsally
at the aj)ex and three thinner ones ventrally below the apex, the ventral margin
bearing in addition a small bristle on each side at the distal third, and the dorsal
margin three placed at about one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths, there being
a few more small bristles near the apex on the lateral surfaces. The apex of
the vertical arm of the ninth sternite is triangular with a lateral projection

( 554 )

posteriorly. From this dilated part downwanl the arm is not again widened,
being praotieall}' of even width and visibly carved. The ventral (horizontal)
arm is one-third shorter than tlie vertical one. Its dor.sal margin is nearly
straight and its apex so trnncate ohliqnely that the upper angle is acute. The
apical margin bears three long bristles, of which the central one is the longest
and the ventral one the shortest. There is a fairly long hair at the npper angle,
several similar ones along the ventral margin, and a number of short ones at the
upper margin and on the side. ? . The seventh abdominal sternite (text-fig. 3)

Fig. 3.

is divided by a narrow sinns, whieh almost extends frontad to the row of bristles,
into a broad npper lobe and very much smaller, especially much shorter, lower
lobe, the segment being also ventrally broadly excised, so that the lower lobes
of the two sides are separated from each other by a sinus. The eighth tergite
bears a ventral row of four strong bristles, there being another strong bristle
above the row. The last one of the row is situated at two-thirds the way from
the third bristle to the strong bristle of the apical margin. The latter bears as
usual a snbventral sinus, which divides the apex of the segment into a small
pointed ventral lobe and a larger upper lobe, the latter being rounded in the
new species. At the edge of the sinns there is one strong bristle, which is
accompanied above by two small bristles and below by one.
Length : c? 2 mm., ? 2-2— 24 mm.

8. Leptopsylla musculi Dnges (1832).

2 cJ(? and 2 ? ?, Monchique, Algarve, May II and 13, I'.tln, off .1^/.* musculxs
and JSfiis (lecunuinits.

Althongh a number of bats were examined, no fleas were found on them.
The only bat-flea known to us from Portugal is a sjjecimen of Tschnop.vjllus
intermeclius Roths. (1898) contained in the collection of the Berlin Musenm.

( 555 )

CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE MORPHO-
LOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE POLYCTENIBAE,
A FAMILY OF RHYNCHOTA PARASITIC ON BATS.

By Db. K. JORDAN.

(With Plates XII., XIII., XIV.)
MONG the in.sects entrnsteil to ns by the authorities of the British Mnsenm

A

(Natural History) for the purpose of identification we found some forms of
Polyctenidae which did not agree with any of the figures published by Horviith,
Speiser, Waterhouse, and others, and necessitated, therefore, a closer research
into the literature on the subject, and a comparison of the allied species, before
the supposed new forms could be considered as hitherto unknown to science. We
had the good fortune of being enabled to study in the British Museum the types
ol Pobjctenidae, i.e. the nomenclatorial types, contained in that institute, and which
the authorities on this family had not seen, as tyjjcs cannot be lent out by the
British Museum. Having once embarked upon the task of comparing the
unidentified forms with the types, figures, and descriptions, we soon found that
the material of the British Museum collection, together with the specimens
received by the Entomological Research Committee (Tropical Africa), placed us
in such a favourable position that we deemed it advisable, for the sake of other
students of this group, to enter more closely upon the subject.

The Polyctenidae are only known from bats in the Tropics and Subtropics
of the Eastern as well as the Western Hemisphere, and appear to be very rare.
The collection of the British Museum comprises only 27 specimens ; but this
number is very large in comparison, as less than a dozen specimens are men-
tioned as being contained in other collections. This rarity is not merely apparent,
as in the case of so many other insects, but is real, we believe. The e.xphuiation
of the rarity lies in the fact that the Pob/cfenidne are viviparous, and produce
the young in such a very advanced stage that the progeny must necessarily be
exceedingly limited in numbers. The discovery of the method of propagation of
these parasites is entirely due to the removal into balsam of some specimens
from the cardboard on which — unfortunatelj- — they were pasted. We hope that it
will not be considered impertinent on our part if we draw attention to the
necessity of preserving Polyctenidae either in alcohol or mounted on a slide. As
everybody who has studied these insects knows, the underside offers very important
taxonomic characters. The number of segments in the rostrum, the structure of
the first anteunal segment, the shape of the throat-part of the head, the outlines
of the sterna, and the number and jiositiou of the bristles on the under surface are
in several instances far better (and sometimes the only sure) guides in identifying
allied species than the upper surfoce, and it goes without saying that these organs
must be compared if an attempt at classifying the species is made. t'arded
specimens, which only exhibit the upper surface (carrying a coat of minute dust
revealed under the microscope), and, when soaked ofl" the card, show the under
side smothered in glue or shellac, are very distressing. We find it most con-
venient for all purposes if some specimens of a species are kept in alcohol and

( 556 )

others monnted flat in balsam. Wo employ a perforated slide with a thin loverslip
as a bottom on which the specimen rests, another coversli]) lying on top of the
specimen. Tliis method allows the insect to be studied ei|n!illy well from
both sides.

The 27 specimens of the British Museum, which are now all transferred
into alcohol or mounted in balsam, represent, wo think, all the s])eoies which are
known of this family.

As has already been clearly demonstrated by ^^peiser,* the PolijcteniJac are
nearly related to the Cimicidae. The agreement in the structure of these two families
of Tthjnrhofa is indeed so close that no other place could be assigned to the
Poly cteu ids than nearest to the bed-bugs.

MoRrHOI.OGY.

Our knowledge of the exoskeletou of these bat-parasites is mainly based on
Westwood's original tigures in Thesaiir. Oxon., wliich in beauty of drawing, as well
as in clearness of the detail necessary for the recognition of the species, far surpass
everything that has been published since on this family. However, the tigures
are not correct in every detail, chiefly owing to the state of preservation of the
specimens, and to the fact — always an important one — that the figures were the
first which illustrated the morphology of a type of insect until then unknown.
The internal anatomy of the Pobjctenidae has not yet been investigated.

The most interesting features in these insects is the great modification of
the head and anterior legs, which are (|uite different from these parts in other
lUtynchoUt , the movable liuiiform clipeus osjiecially being a character of the
Pobjctenidae uniijue in tliat order. This clipeus is generally represented as being
separated from the head by a groove on the upper us well as the under side,
Waterhouse's figure of P. spasmae (1879) being an exception. In this figure the
under side of the head is drawn as being devoid of the dividing-groove, in which
the figure is quite correct. As an examination of specimens in alcohol proves,
the groove is present only on the upper side, merely shining through beneath,
the under surface of the clipeus being covered by a thin membrane, which is
continuous with the membrane of the head.

In a dorsal view (PI. XII.— XIV. figs. 1. 3. 5. 8. 10) the clipeus projects laterally
beyond the edge of the frons, there being here a gap between the clipeus and the
head which is filled up by the apical portion of the first segment of the antenna.
The hind edge of the clipeus is always crescent-shaped centrally, the curve being
sometimes stronger and sometimes flatter, and there is often a slight indentation
sit each side of the central portion of the arch. The sides of the hiud margin are
curved in the inverse sense, and always bear a number of bristles, which are
directed obliquely upwards, the most lateral of these bristles being the longest.
There is a double outline to the hind margin, owing to the clipens having a
certain thickness and the upper edge of the margin projecting farther backward
than the lower edge, so that the upper edge slightly overlaps the anterior margin
of the frons when the clipeus is bent upwards. On the under side we find, near
each antenna, a kind of hasp and angle connecting the clipeus with the head.
This consists, on the clipeus, of a more or less ribbed incrassation in fan-shape,
which narrows posteriorly, where it is raised and meets a corresponding elevation

♦ Zool. Jalirliklt., Suppl. vii. p. 373. lali. 20 (1901); id. llec. Iiid. Miis. iii. p. 271 (I'.IO'.l).

( 557 )

on the head. This fan (F) is not always so distinct as in onr text-fig. 1. The
whole arrangement, however, appears to act also as a bnflPer when the clipeus is
bent down too much. The movabilit3' of the clipens is verj' limited, as tested at
alcohol specimens. The organ cannot freely be flapped up and down, but only be
tilted ;it an obtuse angle, its halfmoon-sbape and the membranous connectioji with
the head alone would, under ordinary circumstances, prevent any too great upward
or downward movement. But even under exceptional pressure from front, the
helmet, on account of the buffer, cannot flap so much down as to be in the way
of the proboscis when the latter is stretched downward and perhaps a little forward
in the act of sucking. At tlie lateral margin there are always four grooves whose

TE.\'T-KIf;. 1.

posterior edges are more or less strongly raised in tubercle shape, each groove
bearing a very thin bristle, the anterior groove generally two very small ones.
Near the angle there is, as above, a long bristle. In one of the species
(PI. XIV. fig. 11. 12) three of these bristles are replaced by short, thick, stumpy
spines, and the posterior bristle is proximally broad and ends in a long point,
the anterior groove, whose edges are not elevate, bearing several minute hairs.
The lateral posterior portion of the clipeus is more or less excavated to allow for the
reception of the first antennal segment.

The proboscis is described as consisting of three segments, and containing four
long bristle-like jiiercing organs. This statement does not appear to have ever
been modified. It is true that in Speiser's figure of intermedium (1 004) the
proboscis is divided into four segments, but that is clearly due to a mistake on
the part of the lithographer. As regards the number of segments, we find that

( 5fi8 )

some species have three and others four segments, the first segment being always
very short ; of. PI. XII.— XIV. figs. 2. 4. 0. 11. and te.xt-fig. 1. The proboscis is
rather soft, and the first and second segmeuts, sometimes also the third, are more
or less open on the anterior side, while the end-segment, which is longer than the
preceding one, bears a mesial groove on that side, bnt does not appear to be open.
The slit in the first and second segments is not covered by an npjier lip, as in the
Jlhijiichota. We have moved the proboscis freely, but failed, either by pressure
or bending, to find an organ which might be homologous to the labrum, aud we
consider it possible that the so-called clipens really is homologous with the labrum.
However, transverse sections may reveal the presence of a remnant of this organ.
All the segments of the i)roboscis bear short hairs, those on the last one being fairly
numerous and more or less symmetrical in position. This segment, moreover, is
provided at the apex with a number of short papillae, and its length and shape is
by no means the same in the various species.

The proboscis is carried with the tip pointing backwards, as in a bug, and there
is a deep mesial groove on the head for its reception (PI. XII. fig. •.'. 4i, the raised
edges of this groove, some hairs placed on these edges, and the spines of the
comb presumably preventing friction with the hairs of the host when the insect
dives into the fur.

The upper side of the head is divideil iuto a flat or depressed central portion
and the depressed sides. The central portion is anteriorly parallel with the hind
margin of the clipeus, or very nearly, aud its lateral edge is more or less elevate,
cariniform and continued backwards, being accompanied in adult specimens by
a suture, at the outer side of which there is a row of bristles. The raised edge of
the central area serves in most Old-World species a distinct purpose in connection
with the lateral depression. As indicated in fig. 3 of PI. XII., the antenna, when at
rest, lies on the up(ier side of the head in the groove bounded by the carina. The
suture which e.xtends, on the upper side, from the point whore the lateral deiiression
commences, corresponds most probably to the suture which is situated between the
antennae in many other insects, separating the frons from the verte.x.

While in most species the head is more or less closely applied to the prothora.x
(cf. PI. XIII. and XIV. fig. .3. y. 10), there is sometimes a distinct neck between
them (PI. XII. fig. 1. 3), in the latter case the angles of the head being more
obtuse than in the former. It is very interesting to note that the posterior
angles bear a long bristle above as well as below in the species with a neck,
while such bristles are absent in the other species. Bristles placed in this way
in front of a gap or open joint are met with posteriorly on the prouotum of the
Pohjctenidae and in some cases also on the sides of the elytra. They are a feature
common to many ectoparasites living in fur, and have evidently the function of
warding off hairs which otherwise might get into the joints.

The difference which exists in tlie shape of the frons and the number and
jiosition of the bristles is sufficiently apparent from our figures, aud does not reipiirc
further comment ; but we should like to draw attention to a small character which
is only present in some nearly related Old-World forms aud lias been overlooked.
This is a row of exceedingly small spines placed on each side of the head in front
of the comb (PI. XIII. fig. 5. »). We mention this character especially, liecanse
we have here one of the very numerous instances where apparently insignificant
distinctions are surprisingly constant outward expressions of true relationship.

As said above, the under surface of the head is elevated at each side of the

( 559 )

centre, by which meaus the proboscis-groove is formed. The bristles placed on this
central area, presnmably as a j)rotection for the proboscis, vary much according to
the species, and the central portion of the hind margin exhibits also considerable
differences in outline in the various genera. The sides of the under surface are
deeply hollowed out, the anterior and lateral margins of the cavity being armed
with a comb of ilat, obtuse, spines. The comb varies especially in the development
of the lateral spines. In some species these spines are small and do not project
beyond the edge of the head (PI. XIII. fig. 5. 0. 8), in other forms they are much
longer than the anterior spines and are visilile from above (PI. XII. fig. 1. 2. 3. 4).
The spines on each side of the proboscis-groove are usually much nearer together
at their tips than at their bases, projecting considerably over the groove. In
order to allow the proboscis to ])ass through the gap between these spines the
second segment of the proboscis is narrowed, which is especially noticeable in fig. 2
and 4 of PI. XII. The comb is present in all the specimens, adult and immature,
which we have seen, with the exception of one very young individual o^ Hesperoctenes,
in which a similarly arched conil) is situated on the first segment of the antenna
instead.

The antennae are always four-segmented. Their length and armature and
especially also the shape of the first segment afford characters of considerable
taxonomic value. The variability within the limits of a species is slight as regards
mature specimens. In the drawings hitherto published the insertion of the antenna
in the head has not been clearly indicated. When moving the antenna of specimens
preserved in alcohol, one distinctly notices that it is joined to the head with its
posterior corner marked A in our text-fig. 1 (p. 557). The first segment can easily be
moved horizontally to a limited extent, but the jnvot on which it works allows
also some downward movement of the anterior margin {i.e. a slight turning of the
antenna) and of the apical margin {i.e. a downward flapping of the antenna). The
mature Old-World species have the first segment provided with a median or a
subaj)ical row of blunt spines and an anterior row of smaller ones. The adult
American specimens bear pointed, and more or less slender, bristles instead. Im-
mature specimens of the Eastern Hemisphere may have bristles only (PI. XII. tig. 4)
or spines as well (text-tig. 1), while the only young American specimen which we
have seen has a regular curved comb of spines on this antenual segment, replacing
the gular comb of the head. The second segment is always longer than either of
the following two, and is more or less cylindrical in those species which carry the
antenna on the upper side of the i)rothorax, probably when moving through the fur.
In the American species and one of the Old-World forms (PI. XIV. tig. 10. 11) the
inner surface of the segment is longitudinally impressed, and there is a comb of spines
at the npper edge of this groove and some long bristles near the lower. In these
species the antenna is laid along the side of the pronotum, whose edge fits in
between the comb and bristles. The apical segment is alwaj's jjalc at the tip and
bears here some pale hairs, which presumably have a sensory function.

The ujiper surface of the head, thorax and elytra is always flattened in the
centre, never markedly convex, excepting the sides, and the thorax and elytra often
have a distinctly impressed mesial line. The sides of the prothorax and elytra,
however, are always convex and flexed downwards. The prothorax, being laterally
hollow underneath, varies in outline to a certain extent according as the margin
is more or less curved downward, which often depends on the state of preserva-
tion of the individual. One of the specimens of nycteridis, for instance, has an

( 560 )

asymmetrical prothorax, ouly one side being carved down as nsual. The pronotnm
is transversely oblong in the American forms and one African species (PI. XIV.
fig. Ill), or is rounded at the sides and anteriorly more or less distinctly narrowed.
In all the Old-World species it bears anteriorly on each side a transverse row of
three or fonr long bristles. It is never evenly hairy all over, there being always
some naked spaces, whose extent differs often according to species. There is no
comb at the hind margin in the American Polyctenids, nor have any of our immature
Old-World specimens a pronotal comb, while all the adult examples we have seen are
provided with it, one new species (PI. XIV. tig. 10) even bearing a second comb of
short spines with a row of long bristles in front of the hind margin. The punctures
which Speiser mentions of the two species described by him {talpa and iidermediuii)
are jjresent in all mature forms, but are numerous in some and less so in others.

The elytra are always fused together proximally, the slit which separates them
from one another posteriorly never reaching down to the base ; but there is always
an impressed line from the slit forward. They differ considerably in size and shape
in some of the species, being transverse in the American forms and as a rule ronnded
together, or each separately rounded at the side and apex in the Old-World species.
As in the case of the head and pronotum, some species have a comb, others are
without it, the American never bearing a comb of sjiines on the upper side. The
base of the elytra is concealed underneath the overlapping hind edge of the pronotum,
but is distinctly visible through the jironotum in specimens mounted in balsam.
Immature specimens have smaller elytra than adult ones, and the apical median
sinus which separates them is generally large with its extreme tip ronnded off, but
there is sometimes a sutural slit in nymphs as in adults (PI. XIII. fig. 8).

The variety obtaining iu the outlines and armature of the pronotum and elytra
is etjualled if not surpassed by the diversity iu the development of the thoracical
stemites. There are two main lines of develojjment iu the underside of the thorax.
The forms with a transverse, more or less quadrangular, pronotum have the more
primitive sternal sclerites. The prosternum is triangular and does not extend in
between the coxae (PI. XIV. fig. 10), the apex of the sclerite either being obtuse (the
African species figured) or more pointed (the American Polycteaids). Behind the
fore coxae the endoskeleton (apophysis) is distinctly visible. In the second type,
to which all the Old-World species belong with the exception of the new African
s])ecies figured on PI. XIV., the prosternum is longer, being produced into a pointed
or obtuse process which extends in between the fore coxae (PI. XII. fig. 4, XIII.
fig. li) and nearly touclies the mesosternum. This iutercoxal process is not essentially
different in adult and immature si)ecimens of the same species. The mesosternum
is transverse in the American forms, anteriorly somewhat excised and posteriorly
truncate. The metasternum is contiguous with it, and resembles an abdominal
sternite except in extending forward laterally to the midcoxal acetabulum.
PI. XIV. tig. 1 1 represents a similar type inasmuch as the metasternum is transverse,
but this type differs very much in the shape of both the meso- and metasterna, the
latter sclerite being small, not reaching the sides of the metasternite, and being
separated from the mesosternum by a membranous interspace. Moreover, the
episternum of the metasternite, instead of being nearly sipiare, as iu the American
roli/ctcnidue, is transverse. The other species, some occurring iu Africa and others
in Asia, also have two distinct types of meso-metasterna, one of which is illustrated
by text-tig. 2. Here the mesosternum (Ms) is anteriorly more or less rounded and
convex, and the suture sejtarating it from tlie metiislcrnum is straight and lies

( S61 )

closely behind the mid coxae. The luptasternnm is anteriorly nearly as wide as the
mesosternnm is posteriorly, and is strongly ronnded, being much broader than long.
From underneath this sclerite projects an obtuse intercoxal process, the meso-
sternnm overlapping the bases of the bind coxae. The process is hollow underneath,
being a kind of half-cylinder. The remaining species conform in these sclerites to
PI. Xlll. fig. 0, apart from the mesosternnm being much longer in some species than
in the form represented by our figure 6. In these species the metasternum (central
sclerite) is reduced to a sclerite corresponding to the intercoxal process of text-
fig. 2, there being no transverse suture immediately behind the mid coxae.

Text-fig. 2.

The sterna are tlat centrally and more or less strongly slanting laterally,
the sides forming usually a distinct angle with the central plane. The deeply
hollow sides of the prosternite serve as a retreat for the modified fore legs, and
have no hairs.

The legs, which are long and more primitive in the American forms and short
and more specialised in all the Old- World species, are difterent to some extent
in every species, distinctions ohtaiuing in the mimber, size and position of the
bristles, the number of psendo-joiiits in the tibiae and in the structure of the
tarsi. Speiser, in demonstrating the fairly close agreement between the Pohjctems
tarsus and that of Cimex, came to the conclusion that the tarsus of I'olt/ctenes
consists of three segments, of which the second is divided by a pseudo-joiut. We
agree with this conclusion. Although the pseudo-joiut is sometimes very distinct,
it is never so well defined as the joints between ihe true segments. In several
cases the jiseudo-joint is hardly indicated (PI. XIII. tig. 7, XIV. tig. 13). The tarsi
of the immature specimens, as must be expected, have a segment less than the
adults, the end-segment being long and undivided (PI. XIII. tig. 8), the division
taking place a short distauce beyond the first segment in or near the spot where
the pseudo-joint of the adult is situated.

The claws vary from being nearly alike, as in the American Polycteuids,
to being very asymmetrical (PI. XIII. tig. 7). It is always the inner claw which
becomes reduced, the outer claw at the same time being enlarged. The inner
claw is the one on the side nearest the body. As the body is broad aud flat,
the mid aud hind legs as a rule stretch out sideways, the femur aud tibia forming

37

( 562 )

a horizontal luigle, not a vertical oue, as for instance in Locusts or Carabiils, this
applying more especially to the hind legs. Both legs, however, can assume an
obliquely upright position, more particularly in young specimens with small elytra
and narrow abdomen and in the long-legged American Pohjctenidac. The upper
surface of the horizontal hind leg of fig. In (PI. XIV.) corresponds to the inner
surface of the Locust leg. The small claw, in a view from above, therefore, lies
on top of the large one. The most asymmetrical claws have the base produced
into a large touth (Pl.XIIL fig. 7), which is only indicated in the less asymmetrical
claws (PI. XIV. fig. 13) and in the symmetrical ones. Pro.ximally to the claws,
on the ventral side, the extension-plate projects from the third segment, and
near the apex of this plate there is a pair of thin bristles as in most other
insects. In some species the extension-plate is supported by a projection from
the segment which is triangular in a lateral aspect (PI. XIII. fig. 7). In the
American form and one of the African ones (PL XIV. fig. 13) the sole of the
apical segment is armed with very stout short spines, which presumably have
the function of taking hold of the hair of the host, which is accomplished by
the basal projection of the claws of the other species (PI. XIII. fig. 7), whose tarsus
bears only small spines in the place where those large ones are situated. The
spines are not present on both sides of the segment, but form a single row, which
is placed near the outer (or under) side, i.e. the side of the larger claw.

The false segmentation of the mid and hind tibiae is most pronounced in
the American forms and least developed in the remarkable African species depicted
ou PI. XiV. In this latter species there is a slight indication of a division near
the base and only one other pseudo-joint, which is placed in the centre (mid
tibia) or beyond (hind tibia). A test of the movability of the pseudo-segmented
tibiae of alcohol specimens proves them to be very flexible, but shows at the
same time that the segmentation is only partial or superficial.

One of the most striking features of the Folijctenidae is the reduction which
obtains in the forelegs throughout the family, more especially in the tarsus. As
in the other tarsi, the American forms are also here less modified than the
Old- "World species. There are always three segments to the fore tarsi of adult
specimens. While, however, in the American forms there is no difficulty in
finding the parts homologous to those of the other tarsi, the bristles placed at
the apex of the third segment and the claws are so modified in the species of
the eastern hemisphere that it is not always easy to say which is claw and which
bristle. The end-segment of the fore tarsus of an Old-World species (PI. XIII.
tig. 9) bears indeed little resemblance to that of the other tarsi (PI. XIII. fig. 7).
The two claws of this segment are small and slender, and can only be distinguished
from the thick bristles placed near them by using a higher magnification, the larger
of the two claws being generally curved and twisted, but sometimes obtuse.

We do uot know what the function of the modified fore leg is, but we may
guess at it from its structure. Three points strike us as being suggestive. The
first is that the anterior femur is large, being in proportion to its length wider
than the other femora, and carries a considerable muscle-power, which must have
its use. Secondly, in consequence of the shortness of the tibia and tarsus, which
move against the femur like the blade of a clasp-knife against the haiuUf, the
power of the femoral muscles is rendered more effective in a downward movement
of the tibia than if the til)ia and tarsi were long. Thirdly, we find in all males
at the apex of the tibia on the true ventral side a membranous lobe which bears

( 563 )

numerous thin long hairs, forming a kind ol' tnft, (PL XIII. fig. 9). This organ
being confined to the male, or at the most slightly indicated in the female, may-
be interpreted as serving a sexual purpose. It appears therefore highly probable
to us that the fore leg is used by the male in taking hold of the other sex. But
as it is reduced to the same degree in both sexes, it may have other functions
as well. We do not think that it can be employed when the insect glides through
the fur of the host, as the erect bristles of the tibia and tarsus would be a serious
hindrance. As the bristles of the femur and those on the side of the tibia
(PI. XIII. fig. 6) are directed backwards, i.e. those bristles which come into contact
with the hair of the host when the fore legs are tucked away underneath the
hollow sides of the prothoras, we believe that the forelegs are kept in this position
when the insect moves about.

Apart from the sensory hairs, the bristles of the body and appendages serve
two purposes : protection and adhesion. Firstly, they obviate undue friction with
the hair of the host and prevent the hairs from getting in between the joints ;
and secondly, they render it practically impossible for the insect to slide backwards
through the fur by its own weight and fall off the host. Like fleas, the Polyctenids
can only move forward in the fur, the bristle being directed backward, rendering
the surface smooth from the frontal side and rough from the anal direction.
Many of the long bristles, particularly the bristles of the tibiae, are serai-erect
and divergent, and serve as supports for the body by resting on the liairs of
the host, in the same way as by means of its numerous branchlets a broken-off
twig may remain hanging in a bush. From this point of view the tibiae of
the American Polyctenids are interesting, as they bear at the outer edge some
exceedingly long and thin bristles, some of which equal the tibia in length.

The number of abdominal segments is ten in the immature specimens and
nine in the adults, the basal segment of the 3'oung apparently disappearing or fusing
with the metathorax in the final instar. Apart from the greater or lesser breadth
of the abdomen, the species differ as a rule in the number and length of the hairs,
and in one case there is also a sexual difference, the males lacking some of the
hairs and bristles of the females.

In order to complete our short survey of the morj)hology we must briefly
enter upon a point which is of equal importance for the systematics of the family
as for phylogenetic considerations — that is, the question as to the differences
between adult and immature specimens.

We have examined five immature examples belonging to several species, and
found them to agree in the following points : The proboscis has the same number
of segments and essentially the same structure as in adults of the same or allied
species. The elytra are shorter, and, like the pronotura, are devoid of punctures.
The bristles of the upper and under sides are fewer in number. The sternal
sclerites are less well defined, but the presternum is practically as in the adult,
apart from the bristles. Between the mctanotum, which is visible on account
of the elytra not being fully developed, and the segment which bears the first
abdominal stigma there is a transverse sclerite not noticeable in adults, and
presumably representing the true first abdominal tergite. The tarsi consist of
two or three segments, and further differ from adult tarsi in the second joint
(= division between segments 2 and 3) being situated close to the first in or
near the place where the adult tarsus has a pseudo-joint, the third segment being
long and undivided. The upper side of the body has no combs or spines, or

( 504 )

only one or two, in the latter case the second being placed at the apex of the
elytra. The missing comb or combs are represented by a row of bristles.

The first segment of the antenna of the Old- World Poli/cteniclae has a smaller
number of thick stumpy spines in the immatnre specimens wo have examined than
in any of onr adults, or has only bristles (PI. XII. fig. :!). The only young American
e.xample we have before us, however, has a comb of sjiines on the first antennal
segment which is not present in adults of tlie same genus, the individual as a
compensation lacking the gular comb. It is interesting to note that the gular
comb, though i)resent in our immatnre individuals from Asia and Africa, in these
examples does nut extend so far backwards at the sides of the head as in the most
nearly allied adults.

These are general statements in which no cognisance is taken of the question
whether any of the young specimens belong to any of the species represented
by our adult individuals, or whether they are immature forms of which the
adults are not yet known. As we have to assign a place in classification to each
individual before us, i.e. as we have to decide whether an immature specimen
belougs to one of the adults or to a separate species, we must ask what guide we
have in arriving at a decision. From the above statements so much is certain, that
an immature individual which is similar to an adnlt one, but exhibits some such
deficiencies as are mentioned above, must not be considered a distinct species on
account of these deficiencies alone. Therefore, if adult and immature specimens
which are obtained from the same host and in the same locality differ only in that
way, one can be tolerably sure that they belong to one and the same species. As
an instance we refer to the two forms represented by figs. 1 and 3 on PI. XII. Both
specimens were found in the British Museum in a jar with bats from China, and
one is adult (a ?) and the otlier immatnre. The original s])ecimeus of /'o/,yc^'«('.y
molossas which tiiglioli collected on a bat at Amoy are tin's same sjiecies, and
curiously enough one also is immature and the other (but this time a S) adult.
Here, we think, there can be no doubt that the differences between the two
sjiecimens are only due to the difference in the degree of maturity.

As in most cases the newly formed epidermis, with its hairs and spines, can
be seen within the old skin of the immatnre examples, one must expect to meet
with individuals in which the old skin has the characters of the pupal stage and
the new skin those of the imago. If we are right in considering figs. 1 and 3 as
depicting difterent stages in the metamorphosis of one species, individuals must
occur which have no combs on the upper surface, like fig. 3, while beneath the skin
the newly forming combs of fig. 1 are visible. Now it is a curious fact that
in Westwood's figure of a non-adult specimen, and in those of onr immature
individuals where the bristles and spines of the new skin are at all distinguishable,
the newly forming skin does not exhibit any obvious differences from the (dd one.
We can only explain this fact by assuming that the young Polyctenid is born with
a certain skin armature which does not essentially change at the larval moults,
the chief larval characteristics being j)reserved until llie later moult. However,
the stage in the life-history of the mdividual which is missing in the collection
of the British Museum was discovered two years ago by Dr. ISpeiser, who received
for description a specimen from the Indian Museum, which proved to be a nymph
before the final moult. This si)ecimen is described as having dorsally only one
comb, which is placed at the hind edge of the head. But under the skin
])r. Speiser found the newly forming imago with a distinct comb on the pronotum

( 565 )

as well as on the elytra. Applying this discovery to the immature and adult
specimens from China (ligs. 1 and 3 of PI. XII.), no dorsal combs can be expected
to put in an ajipearance in this species until the imago is being formed in
the last nymphal instar.

Since in the insects with incomplete metamorphosis the elytra are in a state
of growth in the immature instars, while the head and thorax are already more
or less shaped as in the imago, one might deduce from this generally applicable
fact the a priori opinion that in the Polyctenids the comb of the elytra invariably
appears at a later instar than the comb of the pronotum. This is not the case.
Tiie s(iecimen fignred at PI. XIII. fig. 8, which is immature, has combs on the head
and elytra, lint not on the prothorax, and is, we think, a nymph belonging to fig. 5,
the specimens being obtained together. The specimen was unfortunately glued
on a card, and the new individual inside the old skin is not advanced enough to
show any bristles and spines. That is much to be regretted, since the appear-
ance of a pronotal comb on the specimen forming in the nymph wonld be the
best evidence that onr uymph fig. 8 actually belongs to the species fig. 5. It is
interesting to note that Dr. Speiser* draws the conclnsion that the elytral comb
ajipears before the thoracical one in the individual life, which does not seem
warranted by his specimen of a nymph, but is borne out by our fig. 8. It is
perhaps necessary to mention that this conclusion also does not apply to those
species of wliich the imago has a comb on the thorax but not on the elytra.

We have further evidence of an irrefutable kind that the j'oung differ from the
•adult in the absence of certain combs. The proof that this is so was accorded to us
by the discovery of a young Polyctenid in the abdomen of its mother. The embryo
is well advanced, the combs, bristles, and claws being already strongly chitinised
(brown). While the mother (PI. XIII. fig. 5) has three dorsal combs, the offspring
jiossesses only one (on the head). Moreover, the first antenual segment bears only
one broad obtuse spine in place of the ro.v of spines found on this segment in the
mother. If fig. 8 really is the pupa of this same species, three stages are known :
the embryo, with one dorsal comb (ou the head) ; the pupa, with two (on the
head and elytra) ; and the imago, with three (on the head, pronotum, and
elytra). A less advanced embryo is contained in one of our females of another
species {talpa).^

Classification.

Systematics are primarily based on a knowledge of the characters wliich
separate one species from the other. A classification cannot be built up merely
on the distinctions exhibited by the various specimens. We have to discriminate
between these difterences, as otherwise individuals which are different because
some are immature, for instance, and others adult, or because they are of opposite
sexes, might be placed widely apart from each other in the scheme of classification.
In our case a classification based, e.g., on the presence or absence of combs
would be entirely erroneous. An investigation into the taxonomic meaning of
the dirt'erences, therefore, is essential for the correctness of a classification as
opposed to a mere arbitrary grouping of the individuals. The difi'erences observed
may be those between

(1) adult and immature individuals of the same species,

(2) the sexes,

♦ Rec. Ind. Mm. iii. p. 271 (11109).

t These young I'olj-ctenKls will be described and figured in anutlier place.

( 566 )

(3) individuals of the same species in the same instar,

(4) sncceeding Lroods,

(5) specimens of a species from difTerent countries, or

(6) distinct species.

The first point has been dealt with above, and some characters which
distingnish the adnlt male from the female are also mentioned in the account of
the morphology— namely, the tuft at the apex of the fore tibia in all species, and the
smaller number of hairs on the abdominal tergites in some— the males, moreover,
bearing an organ of copulation directed, as in the bt'd-bug, towards the left side
(in Westwood's fig. A of PI. 39 it is erroneously drawn as being directed towards
the right side : cf. infra, P. molossus).

We know nothing about point (4), and as regards (3) and (;")) the number of
specimens known is far too small to allow ns to draw any definite conclusion as
to the extent of variation in these insects. All we can say is that the few adult
individuals we have of the same sex of a species, and from the same place,
agree very closely with each other, the number and position of the bristles and
the number of spines in the combs only varying within narrow limits. For the
study of geographical variation, likewise, a far larger material is required than the
collections contain at present. The ? of P. molossus from China and the one from
India in the British Museum do not appear to differ.

Up to 1906 the species of Pohjcti'vidne were dealt with under the one generic
name Poli/ctenes Gigl. (1804). At that time four species (or what were thought to
be distinct species) were described from the Old World and two from the New.
These Kirkaldy (1906) separated into four genera, the distinctions not being taken
from actnal specimens, but from the descriptions and figures of former authors, the
generic names being flesperoetenes. Poh/ctenes, Eurontenes, and Encteiies. Horvath,
in 1910, correctly made Euroctenes a synonym of Poljintenp.s, and ])roposed two new
a^xin^—Ctenoplax for a species described by himself, and Si/ncroUis for two species
described by Speiser and unknown to Horvath in nature. Syncrotus being pre-
occnpied, Horvath in 1911 proposed the na,me Hemisehizus in its stead. In the
present paper we add another new genus.

The number of species being still less than a dozen, it might be considered
unnecessary to distribute them over several genera, and it requires, therefore, a
few words of explanation why we follow Horvdth's classification, at least to a
certain extent, rather than place all the species in one genus.

Systematics are didactic, the systematist presenting either a description of
facts or a reasoned interpretation of facts. This holds good throughout the
publications on systematics, with the exception of noniina indescriptn, which on that
ground we consider outside the pale of the systematist. Approaching the question
of genera from this point of view, it is evident that genera are not mere divisions
of a family which are established for the sake of convenience, but have an
educational value. Tlie diagnosis of a genus teaches us that the species grouped
together therein have certain affinities with each other (which the evolutionist calls
evidence of blood-relationship) in contradistinction to the members of other genera.
If, therefore, the species of a family are divided strictly according to relationship
into a greater number of well-defined genera, the student new to the subject, or the
would-be describerof a new species, is at once made acquainted with the characters
which are of importance for the recognition of relationship, and at the same time

( 567 )

is compelled to study liis specimens more intrinsically, and thereby enabled to
draw up a more adequate descriptiou.

Now, it is obvions that the diagnosis of a geans would not teach us anything
more than the diagnosis of a species, if a genns were erected for every species. The
genus should remain a division above the species ; otherwise it would be a mere
encumbrance. Therefore we take it that one generic term would be sufficient ia
the family Poli/ctenidae, if the aifinities between the various species were pretty
equal. But that is not the case. The American forms, of which there appear to be
two, stand quite apart from all the Old- World species, and these latter again fall
iuto several natural groups, which is sufficient justification for dealing with the
separate branches of the family under different generic terms. Of some of those
branches we know so far only one species, which for that reason stands isolated in
the family.

A key to the genera and species will be givea at the end of this revision.

1. Genus : Poli/ctenes Gigl. (1864).

Antennae longae, capitis angulos basales superantes, articulo secnndo clipei
latitudine minus qnam tertia parte breviore. Angulus basalis capitis non acute
productus, pins minusve obtusus. Elytra apice siugulatim fortissime rotundata
sine cteuidio. Genotypus: P. molossus Gigl. (1864) specim. matur. <?.

Patria : Asia.

Pnlycteues Gigl., Quart. Jourii. Mirr. Sci. (n.s.) iv. p. 25 (18G4) (type: .lfr,Zrtss)(.s-) ; Westw., Tlifsniir.
Oxon. p. 198 (1874) (partim) ; Waterh., Tm,i«. E,it. Soc. Land. p. 309 (1879) (partim) ; id.,
I.e. p. S19 (1880) (partim) ; Speiser, Zuol. JaJirb., Suppl. vii. p. 37.3 (1904) (partim ; affinity ;
key to the species) : Kirkalily, Canad. Enlom. xxxviii. p. 375 (1906) (restricts PuUielenes to
molossus) ; Kellogg and Paine, Entoin. News xxi. p. 401 (1910) (verbal quot. of Kirkalrly's
synopsis) ; Horv., Ami. .\lus. Nat. Hung. 573 (1910) (key to the genera ; Euroctenes Kirk. syn.
with Pnli/clenes}, id., .Vem. I. Conr/res Intern. Kiilom. p. 2.01 (1911).

Euroctenes Kirkaldy, Caiiad. Entom. xxxviii. p. 375 (1906) (type : lijrae).

Giglioli's descriptions of the genus and species read as follows : —

" Head large and prominent, elongated, obtuse, and rounded in front ; on its
posterior dorsal part is a j)lace of a nearly semicircular form, edged all round with
thick spines. On the sides of the fore part of the head are two three-jointed organs
(antennae f), bent backwards. A short neck-like piece joins the head to the thorax,
which is elongated and divided into two parts.

" The prothorax is double the size of the metathorax, and is bordered posteriorly
witii a line of large spines, as those on the head of the male.

" Abdomen of moderate size ; it enlarges distally, and is segmented.

" Anterior legs rather short, the two following pairs rather long and slender.

" Poli/ctenes molossus, Westwood and Giglioli (PI. Ib, tigs. 13 and 14). — This
remarkable creature inhabits the Chinese Molossus.

" Body of a light colour, about j^hs of an inch in length. Head ronnded in front,
where a well-marked clipens, of a nearly semilunar shape, is divided oft'; just uudnr
its posterior angles are inserted the two antennae (?) ; over there insertion are five
large spines on each side ; these do not exist in the other specimen, which I take
to be a female. Each antenna consists of three rather thick cylindroid joints, the
basal one being the thickest ; a few hairs fringe their inner borders, and they are
bent backwards. Do they at all correspond to the organs whicli have been termed
palpi and maxilli m JS'i/cteribin''/ The integument of the head is finely striated ;

( 568 )

a few liairs are scattered over it. I conld make ont nothing like eyes, and therefore
suppose that these organs do not exist.

"The buccal apparatus appears well developed, and very similar to that of
Nycteribia. At the back of the dorsal part of the head is a large semilunar plate,
wider than it ; its anterior margin is fringed with large trnticated sjiiues, while the
j)0steri(ir margin has a row of lanceolate spines ; in the feinah' tliis plate is rather
smaller, and has anteriorly a double row of large spines, and posteriorly an incom-
plete row of larsre hairs.

"The ihorax is large, covered with liairs ; tlie ])rothorax is sub-oval, fringed
])Osteriorly by a line of large lanceolate spines ; Ihc prothorax of the female is more
distinct, and has not the posterior line of spines. The metathorax in the male is
mnch smaller than the prothorax, and ends in a point ; in the female it consists of
two oval pieces.

'' The abdomen is divided into nine segments in both my specimens, one
of which 1 take to be a male ; it has a broader abdomen, with a pointed, bent,
copulatory organ on the last segment. In both sexes the abdomen is covered
with hairs.

" The anterior legs are short and strong, terminating in two small claws and
several spines ; ihnT femora are very broad. The intermediate and posterior pairs
of legs are mnch longer and more slender. Their tarsi terminate iu two nnciuated
and sharp claws, with two tubercles at their base in the male, and lower down on
the tarsi of the female are two more claws. I observed no rndiments of wings.

"All the insects described in this paper were collected at Amoy."

We have qnoted the description verbally in order to show that it is mainly
based on the adult specimen which bears two combs on the dorsal side. This
example, therefore, is the name-type, which it is necessary to state, as there is
a remote possibility that the immature individual represents after all a different
species, the evidence from which we conclude that the two specimens are one species
not being direct, bnt circumstantial.

The proboscis (Pi. XII. fig. 2. 4) consists of four segments, of which tlie first
is very short, the second slender and entirely open on the anterior side, the third
short and also open, and the last the longest of all. The clipeus has no jirominent
fan-like incrassation beneath. The two halves of the gular comb are centrally close
together, which accounts for the strong reduction in width of the second segment of
tlie proboscis. The posterior spines of this comb are long and project mnch beyond
the lateral margin of the head. The posterior edge of the head, on the dorsal side,
is less closely applied to the thorax than in the other Polyctenids, especially at the
sides, the angles being so slightly produced backwards that there remains a gap
between the head and pronotnm.

The antennae are characteristic, being essentially longer than iu all the other
Old- World forms, bnt shorter than in the American species {Ilesperoctenes), the
apex of the third segment reaching a little beyond the hind angle of the head. The
second segment is a very little less than one-third shorter than tlie clipens is wide
from side to side, and bears only bristles and hairs, no short thick spines.

The elytra are fused from the base to about one-third and then separated.
The apical margin being (|nite evenly rounded, there is a large triangular gap
between them.

Tlie prosternnm extends in between the forecoxae, ending in an obtuse process
whose tip is sinuate. In the mid and hind legs the tibiae have at least four

( ofi9 )

psendo-joints, and the second segment of the tarsi is divided in the adult hy <a
pseudo-joint.

Oriental Region.^Ouly one species is known.

1. Polyctenes molossus Gigl. (1864) (PI. XII. tig. 1-4).

Ad. — Sujira capite jironotoque ctenidio instrnctis ; ctenidio gnlari capitis angulos
basales fere attingente ; segmento 1° dorsali abdominali setis lougis vestito.

Tur. — Supra sine ctenidiis ; ctenidio gulari ante medium lateris termina'o ;
abdomine sine setis longis ; tarsis cpiatuor posticis triarticulatis, arliculo 3'" duobns
primis simul sumptis fere du])lo longiore ; articnlo 1" autennarum absque sj)iiiis
crassis obtusis.

Patria : China, India.

VnUielems molossus Giglioli, 1 .i\ (Amoy, off }fohiss,is) ; "Westw., I.i\ tab. S'J. fig. A.B., tab. 40. fie

A— E (1874) (" ? " ex errore).
Pohjctenes bjriti' Waterhouse, Trans. En/. Sor. Lonil. p. 311. tab, 9. fig. 1. 2 (1879) (Secunderabad,

Madras Pre.'i., off Me/j<uUrnia li/ra, one specimen) ; Spei-ser, Zoo!. Juhrb. Suppl. vii. p. 375

(1004): Dist., in Fauna Brit. luil, Bhi/nch. iii. fig. 10(190G) ; Speiser, Eec. hid. Mns. iii. p. 272

(1909).
Eufoctenes li/rae ]Vaterh, Kirkaldy, Canad, Enl. xxxviii. p. 37,') (1900).

The original specimens, which have not been traced 3-et, require re-examination.
Westwood's figures, although wonderful in execution, are obviously deficient in
detail. The specimens were mounted in balsam and evidently flattened by pressure,
being rendered so transparent, according to ^Vestwond, that " it was very difficult to
determine the precise difterences between some portions of the dorsal and ventral
surfaces of the insects."

The British Museum contains two specimens taken otf a Chinese bat, one a ? ,
the other immature, which agree with Westwood's figures, e.\cept fur some detail in
the proportions and in the bristles and spines. The adult ?, moreover, is identical
with the Indian ? described by Waterhouse as Ii/i-ne. This hjrae has always been
considered distinct from molossus on account of the much longer head sliown in
Waterhouse's figure and some difterences in the details of structure. Kirkaldy even
thought tlie ditferences important enough for separating li/rae and mo/ossus generi-
cally. However, in the original figure of li/rae the proportions are not quite correct.
We have measured the type of ti/fae under the microscope, the specimen now being
taken off the card and made accessible for minute study by being mounted in
balsam. The measurements as well as the combs and bristles are the same as in
tiie Chinese ?, of whicii PI. XII. fig. 1 and 2 are fairly correct representations,
we think.

As regards the original figures of the adult sj)ecimeu of molossus, they differ
from the specimens of li/rae chiefly in the following points : The first segment
of the antenna lacks the short spines which in Ij/rae (PI. XII. fig. 2) are placed
near the anterior edge. The sides of the pronotum are almost evenly rounded,
the prothora.x being widest before the centre instead of behind it. The sntural
gap between the elytra is much smaller, and the suture itself is drawn as e.xtending
to the base.

As the prothorax is hollow underneath, the sides being turned downward,
it becomes considerably wider anteriorly if pressure is applied. This was undoubt-
edly the case in the tyjie of molossus. We mention further on a specimen of
Eoctenes nycteridis in which one side of the pronotum is widest before the middle

( 570 )

and tlie other behind, the one side bein^^ less flexed downward thiin the other.
The absence of tlie anterior short spines from the underside of the first antennal
segment may be attributed to an error of omission, and the undue length of the
black line which represents the suture of the elytra is doubtless owing to being
drawn diagramniatically.

There are also numerous discrepancies between the specimens of ////■«/• and
the figures of ///olossits in the number of bristles ; but here again the figure is
decidedly diagrammatical, especially as regards the antennae, thorax, elytra and
legs. However, some of the differences may be sexnal, Westwood's figure repre-
senting a c? and ours a ?. The roundness of the head, especially the ajiparent
absence of slightly projecting basal angles (cf. our fig. I on PI. XII.) and great
width of the abdomen, may be explained liy the artificial flattening of the specimen,
and the organ of copulation being directed towards the right side instead of towards
the left by assuming that the upperside (Westwood's fig. A) was drawn by viewing
the transparent specimen from beneath. Westwood erroneously considered this
organ an ovipositor and for that reason regarded the individual as a ?, treating
the second, immature, specimen as being perhaps the S- The figure of this second
specimen differs from the individual we figure at PI. XII. figs. 3 and 4 in the
obviously broader head and pruuotum, which may be explained as in the case
of the adults. The differences in the hairs can hardly be considered of any weight.
Judging from the antennae, e.ff., as drawn by Westwood, it is evident to us that
the figures were not meant to be faithful reproductions of all the minute detail.

Under the skin of our immature specimen the new skiu can be seen, the gular
comb and the bristles being quite plain. The new skin bears again rows of bristles
at the hind margins of the head and pronotnm, not combs of spines.

All the evidence jwints to this immature Poh/ctenes being a young example
of molossiis, the differences from the adult being such as one would expect to obtain
between the imago and an earlier instar. The specimen would have had to undergo
at least two more moults before turning into an imago. It is ranch damaged at
the legs and many of the bristles are broken.

For the sake of brevity we abstain from describing those parts which are
represented by onr figures.

Adult female (PI. XII. fig. 1. 2).— The first and second abdominal tergites
bear an irregular row of short bristles, the row being doubled or trebled towards
the sides ; along the apical margin there is also a row of longer bristles, which
about equal in length a segment and are directed obliquely inward. These Ion"
bristles are absent from the other tergites, on which the short bristles, however,
are more numerous than on the first and second, forming centrally two or three
irregular rows. Tergites iii to vi, moreover, have an apical row of bristles separated
from tlie others and medianly widely interrupted. The bristles on the under surface
of the abdomen are exceedingly abundant, densely covering the whole surface.

The prosternum resembles that of the iraraatnre specimen (PI. XII. fig. 4), but
the hairs are rather more numerous. The meso- and metasterna, whose outline
is represented by text-fig. 2 (p. 5G1), are nearly evenly studded with bristles.

The mid femur bears on the under side four or five and the hind femur
three or four long bristles which are about as long as the femur is broad (in a
dorso-ventral direction) a short distance from tlie apex. The hind tibia has about
ten pseiulojoints. The raid and Iiind tarsi consist of three segments, but the
second is halved by a pseudo-joint. The claws are very dissimilar, the large one

( •'^71 )

bearing a very large basal tooth and the small one being merely ronnded-dilated
at the base. In the fore tarsus the olaws are placed close together as in the other
tarsi, and ventrally to them there are five bristles, fonr being short and obtuse
and the fifth long, pointed and twisted. There is a patch of short hair at the
apex of the fore tibia (?), which corresponds to the male-tuft of other species.

Immature specimen (PI. XII. fig. 3. 4). — The abdomen has far fewer bristles
than in the adult female, above as well as beneath, and the pro.\imal tergites
have no particularly long ones. The suture which in text-fig. 2 sej>arates the
meso- from the metasternum is only slightly indicated, and the iutercoxiil meta-
sternal process is broad at the apex and mnch less ciiitinised. The fore tarsus
consists of only two distinct segments instead of three, and the longest bristles
among those which are placed ventrally of the claws is straight, not twisted.
The mid tarsus (only one is preserved, the hind tarsi also being missing) has
three segments, the third being twice as long as the first two together.

The British Museum collection contains :

1 ? adult (type oi b/rae) from Secunderabad, India, taken oS Megadeima lijva.

1 ? adult from China, taken off a bat in the Brit. Mus.

1 immature from China, taken off a bat in the Brit. Mus.

Tlie last two examples were apparently found on the same specimen of bat.

Specimens in other collections :

The whereabouts of the two original examples from Amoy (a i and an
immature specimen) are not at present known.

2. Genus: Eoctenes Kirk. (1906).

Antennae breves, capitis angnlos basales acutos non attingentes. — Genotypus :
E. spasmae Waterh. (1879).

Polycte/iea Gii/L, Waterhoiise (nee ttiglioli, err. det.), Tmim. Ent. Soc. Lmid. p. 312 (ISTfl).

Eoctenes Kirkaldy, Ciuiad. Ent. .xxxviii. p. 375 (190G) (type : spasmae).

Ctennpla:r Horvith, Ann. ^^us. JVat. FT/inr/. viii. p. 572 (1910) (type : ni)cleridix).

Syncrotus HorvAth, I.e. p. 573 (1910) (type : lalpae).

Hemischizus Hovdrth, I.e. ix. p. 336 (1911) (nom. nov. loco Si/iicroti preoco.).

The three species which are here united can easily be distinguished from
Polyctenes by the short antennae (cf PI. XIII. fig. 5. 8). The head is widest at
the base and closely applied to the thorax, gradually narrowing forward. In front
of its dorsal comb there is at each side a transverse row of very minute spines.
The two oblique rows of dorsal bristles remain widely apart, instead of nearly
uniting behind as in Poli/ctenes. The basal angles are pointed, being directed
backward and not bearing a long bristle on the npper side. The adnlt specimens
have three dorsal combs. The posterior spines of the gular comb do not project
(or exceedingly little) beyond the lateral margin of the head.

The species fall into two natural groups, one corresponding to Eoctenes
(= Si/ncrotus = Hemischizus), the other to Ctenoplax. But as the one group
consists of only one species, and the other of two which are so closely allied that
they may even turn out to be geographical representatives of each other, further
discoveries should be awaited before the species are separated generically.

1. Proboscis with fonr segments ; intercoxal process of prosterunm more or
less pointed. spasmae and intermedins.

2. Proboscis with three segments ; intercoxal process of prosternnm obtuse,
with tip distinctly emarginate. nycteridis.

( s-' )

1. Eoctenes spasmae Watoili. (IsTy).

A(/. — Rostro iiuadiiarticulato; cteuidio gnlari ad angnlos capitis us(jue exteiiso
prostenio angnsto precessu intercoxali tenui aenmiuato ; supra tribus ctenidiis ;
abdominis segmeutis 5° — 7° (?) vel 6° et ""((?) serie setarum longanim vestitis ;
nngiii minore tarsorura fpiatnor posticornm absque dente magiio basali.

I'll.-. — Rostro et prosterno nt in niatnris specirainibns ; ctonidio giilari
abbreviate ; pronoto et elj'tris sine cteuidiis, illo ante aiedium latiore ijuaiu
post medium.

Patria : Snmatra ; Nias ; Java.

Polydenes xjmsinae Waterhouse, Trmm. Eiil. Snr. Loud. p. Mi. tab. ;i. fig. X .^o. 4 (1870) (Java, off
Me/jculenim njiaxinii, two specimens) ; Speiser, Ziwl. ./nlnh., Suppl. vii. p. 375 (19U4).

Pohjctenex falpa Speiser. Znol. Aiizriy. p. 613. te.\t-fig. (IH9K) (Nias, off .Mrc/adirma xpuxma three
specimens) : id.. Z„„l. .J„hib., Suppl. vii. p. 37G. tab. 20. fig. 3. 4 (19(14) ; id.. Rec. Iml. .Uns.
iii. p. 272 (1909) (Trivandrum, off C>/iioj)lerif.i margitialns, one nj'mph).

Si/iicroliis talpa Speis., Horvath, Ami. J/«.«. Xat. Hung. viii. p. 573 (1910).

The British Mnsenm contains two specimens of spasmae from Java and two
Snmatran examples (c??) of talpa. The former are immature, and differ so
remarkabl}' from talpa that the author of the latter was perfectly justified at
the time in lielieving talpa to be distinct from spasmae. However, a comparison
of the two forms revealed to as so many points of agreement that the discrepancies
dwindled down to distinctions which were no greater than those between the
mature and immature P. molossus. Any doubts, however, we might still have
entertained about the specific identity of spasmae and talpa were set at rest
by the description given by Dr. Speiser of a nymph from South India which
was devoid of combs on the pronotnm and elytra, but exhibited these combs
under the sldu on the newly forming imago. Although this Indian specimen
may not actually be the same species as .spasmae, or may be a different geographical
race approaching intermedius from Egypt, so much is certain, tliat it effaces the
main difference between the immature spasmae and adult talpa.

Our adult ? of spa.wiae (= talpa) contains two embryos, in one of which
the dorsal comb of the head k already developed, no other combs being
distinguishable.

Adult specimens. — The figures given by Speiser, I.e., and which represent
a ?, are good, giving sufficient and correct detail for the recognition of the
species. Only the posterior margin of the pronotnm and elytra are not curved
enough in the figures, the lateral angles of the elytra particularly being far
too distinct. The shading of the figure, moreover, gives the pronotum and elytra
the appearance of being convex in the centre, while in our specimens the central
dei)ression on the upper side of the head is extended over the ])rouotum, and
the sutural slit of the elytra is continued to the base by a distinct median groove.

The clipens is longer than in PoUjctenes molossus, and its posterior central
excision narrower and less evenly rounded. The ventral fans are very prominent
and the lateral tubercles rather strongly elevate. The second segment of tlie
rostrum is as long as, but distinctly wider than the third, the fourth being widest
about the centre and somewhat shorter than the second and third together.
The gular comb extends close to the basal angles of the head, and between it
and the first antennal segment there is a row of three or four short, stumpy
spines.

( 573 )

The prostenmm is narrower than in Poltjctenes molossus, the sides being
strongly shxnting and the iutercoxal process long, strongly cbitinised, pointed, and
slender. The meso- and metasterna are nearly the same shape as in PI. Xlll.
fig. 0, but the mesosternum is rather longer. The nietasteruite has a peculiar
c'haracter not found in other species, the pleura being produced laterad into a
])yramidal process which extends above tbe hind edge of the mid coxa.

The proximal abdominal tergites bear one regular row of bristles at some
distance from the apical margin, the row becoming irregular and doubled or trebled
at the sides ; the fourth and following segments also have centrally but one row
in the (J, the row being irregularly doubled iu the ?, which sex has also more
numerous bristles laterally than tlie S ; the segments v, vi, and vii in the ? and
vi and vii in the S have an apical row of long bristles, by which this species is
easily distinguished from the next. The apex of the fore tarsus is characteristic,
bearing five long bristles at the tip. The two central ones of them are evenly
carved, being nearly of equal length and slightly widened at their tip. Above
them is a long bristle and below them a shorter one, and towards the outer side
is placed the pair of claws, the longer claw being longer than any of the
bristles, curved and then recurved, and terminating in a long thin point. The
smaller claw of the other tarsi is slenderer than in Poh/cfencs molossus.

The fore tibia of our i is so placed that the brush of hairs at its ajiex can
distinctly be recognised as being a membranous flap which bears hairs on the under
surface only, i.e. on the side away from the tarsus.

Immature specimens. — Waterhouse's figures, I.e., are very characteristic outline
drawings of the head, thorax, and base of the abdomen, the armature of the first
antennal segment also being correctly represented, as far as correctness can be
expected from a representation on a small scale. But as hardly any further details
are given in the original descrijition, we have taken some supplementary notes
from the type of spasmae and the cotype. The first antennal segment bears on the
upper side a subapical row of five short bristles, of which the three outer ones are
thin and the two lower ones thick. The npper surfaces of the second and third
segments bear numerous bristles, two on the second and one on the third being
long. On the under side the bristles are fewer iu number. The second segment
has here two longitudinal rows of four or five, those of the inner row being the
thicker, there being also four or five small apical bristles. On the third segment
tbe inner row is represented by three bristles and the outer by one.

The proboscis, clipcus, and the apex of the fore tarsus are almost exactly as in
the adult.

The gular comb contains eighteen spines in each half, and does not nearly
rrach to the l.)asal angles of the head. There is one small bristle behind the comb,
another on a level with the last-but-one spine, a larger one before the basal
angh', and a small one at the tip of the angle. In front of the comb, between
it and the first segment of the antenna, there is one bristle. There are six small
but rather stout bristles before the central portion of the hind xuargin, and one
on each side a short distance forward. At the sides of the central channel we
find only one exceedingly small liair.

The pronotum is broader than long (6 : o) and widest before the centre. The
greater proportion of the surfa.ce is bare of bristles, which are almost confined to
the lateral area, base, and apical margin.

The elytra are small, and do not cover the metanutum. They bear bristles

( 574 )

only at aud uear the margins, four lateral ones on each elytrnni being long.
Neither the jininotnm nor the elytra have a comb of spines.

The jirosteruuiu has a less pointed and less strongly chitinised intorcoxal process
than in the adult, but this process nevertheless differs, as in the adult, from that of
r. molosms and F. lo/cteridis in its tip being rounded-poioted, not sinuate. The
elevate central area of the meso-metasterna is elongate-ovate, and does not bear
more than twenty-five bristles, of which, on each side, one near the base, and
another near the mid coxa are long. The metaj)leura are not produced laterad into
a process as in the adult.

The fore tarsus consists of two segments. The mid and hind tibiae have
seven or eight fiilse articulations. The mid and hind tarsi are slender, and have
three segments.

The abdominal tergites bear one row of bristles, there being hardly any
additional bristles at the sides. One lateral bristle on each segment is long
and strong ; the seventh segment has altogether four, and the eighth eight long
apical bristles.

The bristles and spines on the newly forming skin are visible under the
old one, but do not differ. The nymph, however, described by Speiser, I.e.,
exhibited the pronotal and elytral combs of the imago under its skin.

The British Museum collection contains :

2 immature specimens (one of them t'/pe of spasmae) from Java, off Mega-
derma spasma.

1 S aud 1 ? from (Sumatra, off' Megaderma U/ra.

In other collections :

1 uymph (armature of imago visible) in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from
Trivandrum, off Cgnopterus maryiiiatus.

2 specimens ( ? ? y) in Zool. Institute at Gottingen and 1 in coll. ISpeiser, from
Nias, oS Megaderma spasma.

2. Eoctenes intermedius Speis. (1904) (PI. XIII. fig. 9).

E. spasmae similis, elytris multo brevioribus, abdomine segmentis posticis
absque setis longis seriatis.

Patria : Aegyptus ; Sudan.

I'ulyclenes intermedius Speiser, Zool. Jnlirh. Suppl. fii. p. 373. tab. 20. fig. 1. 2 (i;i04) (Egypt,

off Ttqihoxoux perj'onitus, 2 specimens).
Eoctenes ehiiomius Kellogg & Paine, Eiil. Xeios .x.\i. p. 402. tab. 13. ^ (191U) (Khartum,

2 cJ <? aad 1 ? ).

Only adult specimens are known.

The original specimens of hdermediius, a male aud a female, are in the
collection of the Konigl. Zool. Museum at Kunigsberg. Tiianks to the kind services
of Dr. A. Dampf, we have been enabled to compare them with the examples from
the Sudan (Khartum) in the British Museum obtained by the Entomological
Research Committee (Tropical Africa). Three of the five Sudanese specimens were,
by an oversight, sent with Mallophaya to Professor Kellogg, wlio described them
as a new species, not being aware of the earlier publication of an Egyptian
Polyctenid. A S and the one ? have been returned by him marked " type."' The
Sudanese examples agree perfectly with the pair of intermedius; the name
eknomius, therefore, is a synonym.

( 575 )

The figures of intermedins and eknomius do not quite agree. This is partly
dne to Speiser's figures being taken from a ? , while Kellogg and Paine figure a cJ.
Moreover, there are several fairly obvious inaccuracies in the drawings. lu Paiae's
figure, (■(/., tlie jironotuni is too broad anteriorly, while in Speiser's drawing the
elytra are too wide, laterally too evenly rounded, and apically too straight. The
sutural slit is continued to the base as a distinctly impressed linear groove in
the specimens, but not in Speiser's figure.

The similarity in the detail of structure between intermedius and spasinae
(adult) is very close. But, besides the much shorter elytra, intermedius is easily
recognised by the posterior abdominal tergites not bearing a row of long bristles
at the apex.

The male has only one row of bristles on the abdominal tergites, apart from
the additional lateral bristles, while the female has two or three rows and bears in
addition two very long bristles on the sixth and seventh segments, one being placed
on each side at some distance from the centre.

The prosternum has the same shajje as in E. spasmac, the anterior margin
being rounded in the centre (within the excision) and the intercoxal process being
long, narrow, pointed, and strongly chitinised.

The British Museum collection contains :

3 (J cJ (among them the type of eknomius) and one ? , received by the Entomo-
logical Research Committee (Tropical Africa), from Harold H. King, who found the
specimens on a bat at Khartum on September 3, 1909.

Specimens in other collections :

1 S from the same source in the collection of Professor Kellogg ;

1 i and 1 ? in the Konigl. Zoologische Musenra of the University of
KOnigsberg, from Egypt, off Taphozom perforutus.

3. Eoctenes nycteridis Horv. (1910) (PI. XIII. fig. 5—8).

Ad. et iuc. — Roslro triarticulato, articulo apicali duobus primis multo longiore;
prosterni jirocessu intercoxali ajjice param sinuato obtuso ; tarsorum quatuor
posticorum unguibus basi dente magno iustructis.

Patria : Africa orient. Germanica ; Uganda.

Clmoplax nycteridis Horviith, Ann. Mas. Nut. Hwig. viii. p. 572. tab. 14. figs. 2. 3. 4 (1910)
(Shirati, Tictoria Nyanza, off Nycteris hispida, one specimen).

The artist who drew Horvath's figures did not consult the specimen very closely,
as is quite evident from the upper and under sides of the prothorax and from the
hind tarsus, which latter is not a Polyctenid tarsus at all. For this reason we
consider the four ? ? from Uganda which are in the British Museum to belong to
nycteridis in spite of all the difl'erences from those figures * Horvath's specimen is
doubtless also a ? . The proboscis is drawn as consisting of four segments (a small
basal one and three others), which we attribute to an oversight on the part of
the artist ; and the claws in the enlarged drawing of the fore tarsus are certainly
quite wrung. The following description is taken entirely from the British Museum
specimens.

Adult specimens. — We know only the ? sex. There are three dorsal combs as
in the adnlt examples of the preceding species of Eoctenes. The bristles on the

* Dr. Uorvatb, to whom \vc sent our ilrawiiigs for comparison with the type of nycteridis^ informs
us that they agree with bis specimen.

( 5'C )

head and thorax are distributed as sIkiwii in mir fi<rnres (PI. XIII. fig. 5. 6). Those
on the abdominal tergites are very numerous, representing three or four rows in the
centre, while tlie sides are covered with bristles from near the base to near the
apex. The posterior bristles of the seventh tergite are more distinctly j)rolonged
tlian the corresponding bristles of the previous segments, but are less than
double the length of tlie other bristles. Tiie c? must be expected to have fewer
bristles.

The proboscis (PI. XIII. lig. (5) consists of three segments, the apical one being
longer than the first and second together. All the tarsi have three segments. We
give an enlarged drawing of the right hind tarsus (PI. XIII. fig. 7), whicli shows the
characteristics of the claws very well. The small claw of injctcriills has a large
basal tooth, which is but vestigial in the previous two species. It will be further
noticed that the pseudo-articulation of the second segment is only indicated on the
dorsal side of the segment and is placed much nearer the apex than the base. In
this all the forms of Eocteiies differ from Poh/ctenes, in which the psendo-joiut is
distinct all round the tarsus and has a more proximal position. The larger pro-
portion of the inner surfaces of the mid and hind femora is devoid of bristles.

Immature specimen (PI. XIII. fig. 8 ; text-fig. I).— A single immature specimen
was obtained together with the adult females. It differs in many points from the
adults, the most striking being the absence of the pronotal comb, the shortness of
the prouotum, the different shape of the elytra, and the lesser number of bristles.
The most interesting parts of the example are the elytra, which, unlike all the other
immature Polycteuids which we have seen, have a narrow sutural slit, like adults,
and a comb. As one of the females contains an embryo in which only the first
comb is developed (besides the gular one), the dorsal combs appear in nycteridis in
the individual life in this succession : first, third, second. The immature specimen
has apparently moulted quite recently, no new bristles or spines being as yet
visible under the skin. The tarsi consist of two segments, the second segment
bearing near the base an incomplete atlditional articulation (PI. XIII. fig. S). The
basal tooth of the smaller claw is not nearly so large as in the adult.
The British Museum collection contains:

4 ? ? and 1 immature specimen, taken oft' a bat on the Moftat Road, Entebbe,
Uganda, by Mr. E. Degan.
In other collections :

1 ? in the National Hungarian Museum at Budapest, from fihirati, on the east
shore of Lake Victoria, oft' JSycteris hixij'tda.

3. Genus : Adroctenes gen. nov.

Latus, clijieo ad latera spinis crassis loco setarum instructo; rostro (^uadri-
articulato articulo penultimo brevi ; anteunis capitis basin altingentibus baud
superantibus, articulo secundo ctenidio longitudinali armato ; pronoto valde trans-
verso; prosterno late triangulari sine processu intercoxali; pedibus ipiatuor posticis
brevibns, tarsorum articulo apicali ctenidio ventrali armato, unguilius basi baud
distincte dentatis. Genotypus : xV. horcutlii spec. nov.

The species for which we erect this genus is so different from all the other
Polycteuids that a generic separation is amply justified.

Adroctenes agrees with the American genus Hesperocteiies in the second
segment of the antenna bearing a comb, in the pronotuni being transverse and

( 577 )

closely applied to the head, in the small size of the basal projection of the tarsal
claws, the presence of a comb on the under side of the last mid and hind tarsal
segment, and in the shortness of the prosternura. On the other hand, its short legs
and the dorsal combs are Old- World characters. The new genus, therefore, forms
a kind of connecting link between the Eastern and Western Polyctenids.
The tibiae are very remarkable for having only a single pseudo-joint.

1. Adroctenes horvathi spec. nov. (PI. XIV. fig. 10—13).

?. Deusissime setosns ; capite pronotoqne ctenidio armatis ; ante pronoti basin
serie setarum longarum atque spinarnm brevinm ; elytris rotundatis ; abdomine
segmentis 7° et 8° serie setarum lougarnm instrncto ; tarsis latitudine femoris
parum brevioribus. — Long. 3%5 mm.

Fatria : Terra Somalorum, Africa orientalis septentrionalis.

A broad and very hairy species, of which the Entomological Research Com-
mittee (Tropical Africa), only received one specimen, an adult female, and wiiich we
have great pleasure in naming after the distinguished Hemipterist Dr. Horvath.
The clipens is about five times as broad as it is long, its diameter being shorter in
the centre than at the sides. The hiud margin is more strongly arched in the centre
than the anterior margin and bears laterally a row of ten bristles. The lateral
bristles on the under side of the clipeus difl:er remarkably from those of the other
Polyctenids, the three central ones being modified into short stout spines (PI. XIV.
fig. 12), and the last proximally incrassate and distally thin, while the first is
represented by several minute hairs.

The head exclusive of the clipeus is shorter than broad (proportions 5 : 7), and
its upper surface, with the exception of the anterior portion of the central area, is very
densely covered with short and stout but very sharply pointed bristles. The oblique
sutures are very distinct and nearly straight. They are accompanied on the outer
side by a row of short bristles, laterally to which there is a naked stripe. The
spines of the comb at the posterior margin are longer than the bristles placed
nearest to them, and twice as long as the spines of the pronotal comb.

The gular comb nearly reaches to the basal angles, and contains 59 teeth
on the two sides together. The central gap is as broad as the distance from the
tip of the first spine to that of the eighth. Laterally to the comb there is a row of
bristles. Close behind the comb six small hairs are placed on the right side of the
central groove and four on the other. Farther back the edge of the groove bears
six very small hairs on each side, and at and near the basal angles of the head there
are three or four short bristles resembling the bristles of the upper surface. The
median portion of the hind margin is less produced than is usual in Polyctenids,
and also much broader, being nearly twice the width of each lateral portion
(12 : ~ ). The hind margin is distinctly rounded between the coudyli and the
basal angles.

The proboscis consists of four segments, of which the last is the most slender,
being hardly wider in the centre than at the base. The projwrtional lengths of the
second to fourth segments are : 14, 8, 17. The second segment is open at the base
on the anterior side, and the third and fourth segments only appear to have a
median groove. The small size of the third segment is noteworthy. The bristles
of the second and third segments are rather long.

The antennae, which reach to the basal angles of the head, are quite difi'erent

C 578 )

from those of other species. The upper sarfaces of the first two segments bear
nnmerons short, stout, pointed bristles, which resemble those on the head. The
tirst segment is longer than broad, and the armature of the under side consists of
a median row of ten or eleven stout spines, and numerous short spines near the
anterior (= outer) edge. The second segment tapers towards the a])ex, and is
jirovided above with a comb which extends from near the base to the apex.
Beneath this comb the segment is concave, and along the lower edge of this
concavity there are several fairly long bristles. The under surface of this segment
bears a longitudinal median row of short obtuse spines, and on the outer side
numerous short bristles. The third segment has on the upper side an oblique row
of strong bristles. The proportional lengths of the four segments are 33, 35,
14, 14.

The structure of the antenna and of the adjacent lateral area of the upper
surface of the head renders it evident that the antennae are not laid on the upper
side of the head, as in the previous species, but along the edge of it, the edge
fitting in between the comb and long bristles of the second segment.

The prothorax is nearly twice as broad as it is long (63 : 35), the notum being
a transverse oblong with the basal angles more strongly rounded than the apical
ones. The anterior edge is slightly incurved, while the posterior margin is feebly
convex. The short bristles are very numerous and have the bases somewhat
widened, which gives them the appearance of pointed spines, as is also the case
with the bristles on the head. The depressed mesial line is bare of bristles, except
for the frontal part, and there is also a transverse bare stripe in front of each
comb. The presence of two combs on the pronotnm is a very striking feature
of this species. The spines of both combs are short. Those of the anterior one
are pointed, and only differ from the bristles in being stouter at their bases, the
lateral sjiines of the comb resembling the ordinary bristles. This comb does not
(juite extend to the point where the stigma shines through from beneath, and behind
it there is a row of very long bristles.

The elytra, which are more strongly rounded at the sides than at the apex,
have no comb, but are densely setose, with the exception of the apical margin and
the basal area. There are a number of bristles near the basal edge, concealed by
the overlapping prouotum.

The underside diHers very considerably in the shape of the sterna from that of
the Old- World genera Foli/ctenes and Eoctenes, the species closely approaching the
American genus Hesperocteiies. The prosternum {i.e. the median sclerite) is
triangular, being twice as broad as it is long, and just reaches the coxae, not
extending in between them. The suture which bounds it laterally and runs from
the coxal cavity to the anterior margin of the prosternite is very short on account
of the great size of the coxal cavities. The bristles are numerous, but the lateral
corners and a small space at each side of the centre are bare of them. Behind the
coxae in the middle the endoskeleton shines through. The mesosternum is evenly
incurved anteriorly and likewise evenly excnrved jiosteriorly. The central area of
it bears many bristles, and there is also a somewhat irregular row near the apical
margin. The metasternum is transverse, halfmoon-shajjed, and bears a subapical
row of bristles and also some subbasal ones.

The larger portion of the under side of the fore femnr is without bristles, there
being an irregular double mw from the outer side to the trochanter and a number
of small hairs at and near the inner margin. On the outer side of the fore femur

(579 )

we find three rows of bristles, those in the row placed oa the upper surface being
directed backward and those of the other two rows forward. There are also some
additional bristles near the apex. The fore tibia has a row of ten fairly long
bristles at the dorsal side, and near them on the lateral surface a row of about
seven ; towards the inner edge an oblique row of about eight is placed, and at the
inner edge there are two long and three short bristles.

The fore tarsus consists of three very short segments, and bears at the apex,
besides the pair of unequal claws and a long and some small bristles, two strongly
chitinised, short, blunt spines.

The mid femur and particularly the tibia are very densely setose on the
outer, upper aud lower surfaces, and have comparatively very few bristles on the
inner side. The proportional lengths of the segments of the mid leg are :
trochanter 37, femur 58, tibia oU, first tarsal segment 11, second 14, third 15. The
hind leg is much less hairy than the mid leg, the femur and tibia hardly bearing
any bristles on the outer and inner surfaces. The tibia has three rows at the dorsal
edge, which look much more crowded in our figure than in the specimen, as they
diverge in the insect and are necessarily in a plane in the drawing. The pro-
portional lengths of the segments are : trochanter 42, femur 85, tibia 69, first
tarsal segment 12, second 18, third 16. The claws, which narrow but slightly
aj)ically, and are hardly at all curved apart from the base, have blunt tips.
Both the mid and hind tarsi bear on the ventral surface of the third segment
a single row of four thick, short spines, which are very blunt with the exception
of the first, which is curved and pointed. The row is not jjlaced in the centre of
the ventral surface, but towards the side of the larger claw. The pseudo-joint
of the second segment is only indicated (PI. XIV. fig. 13).

The bristles of the abdomen are exceedingly numerous on the proximal
segments, less so on the posterior ones, and all the tergites have a bare space
towards each side. Tergites vii and viii bear a row of long bristles, the seventh
sternite has hardly any bristles except at the ajsex, but bears two fairly long ones
on each side, one behind the other.

In the British Museum collection :

1 ? (adult) from Upper Sheika, British Somaliland, taken off " bats " by
R. E. Drake-Brockman on November 25, 1909.

(I'o be continued.)

( 580 )

ON NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN DELIAS FROM
NEW GUINEA.

By Dr. K. JORDAN.

n~^HE new forms of the Pierine genns Delias here described were collected by
-L Mr. A. S. Meek in the mountain range which traverses the southern part
of Dutcli New Guinea, with the excejition of two forms which came from British
New Guinea. Our indefatigable traveller at first tried in vain to reach a suffi-
ciently high altitude in this difficult region, but by dint of perseverance
succeeded in attaining his object. On the first expedition into the interior he
followed the Oetakwa or Setekwa River, and did not get beyond the lower spurs
(3IJU0 — 4000 ft.) of the mighty Snow Mountains. The collection brought together
there, although containing a large number of very fine moths, was disappointing
as regards butterflies. Most of the species were widely distributed, and more or
less common. But there was among them a long series of Delias discus Hour.
(1886), a peculiar and handsome species of which less than half a dozen specimens
existed in collections.

Early this year A. S. Meek again left the coast for the interior, selecting this
time, as a means of ingress, the Eilanden River, which reaches the sea about a
hundred miles to the east of the Oetakwa River. Following the Eilanden River,
he reached the mountains in a north-easterly direction, and struck camp on the
slopes of Mount Goliath, at an altitude of .5000 ft. approximately. The mountain
is situated about 139" east of Greenwich. Here Meek remained during January,
February, and March. Butterflies were scarce at that season, with the exception
of Delias, of whicli there is a wonderful variety, some species being represented
by long series of specimens.

The mountain Delias are undoubtedly one of the most interesting features
of the butterfly fauna of the island. It has now been jjroved in three diflerent
ranges of mountains — the Arfak and the Snow Mountains of Dutch New Guinea, and
the Owen Stanley range of the British territory — that above a certain altitude,
varying from three to five thousand feet, there exists a far larger number of
J)elias than anywhere else, most of the species not being represented outside
New Guinea by allied forms.

The superabundance of species of any genus or family in a certain district
is generally considered evidence tiiat this district is the original home of that
genus or family, and is likewise often bronght forward as showing that the
species originated in their home by a small number of ancestral species splitting
up into a larger number without any geographical barrier having isolated one
incipient species from the other. It appears, indeed, plausible at first sight that
the eighteen new Delias which E. Weiske — and some years later A. S. Meek —
discovered in the Owen Stanley range, as practically occurring side by side,
originated as such in these mountain fastnesses, and originally did not come from
anywhere else. However, tlie recent discoveries in the Arfak and Snow Mountains,
while confirming the creative power of the different ranges, bring the geographical
element in the origin of these species much into the foreground.

( ^81 )

The species fonud in the three mountain ranges mentioned above may be
classed, according to the degree of difference, into three groups :

(1) Some species are the same in at least two of the localities ;

(2) Other species are represented in each locality by a more or less different
geograj)liical form ;

(3) Most species are represented iu each locality by an allied distinct
species ;

(4) Some species are known only from one of the mountain ranges.

As the exploration of these mountains is still very incomplete, not every
type of species is known from all three districts ; but so much is certain, that
most of these highland species are represented in each separate range by a form
belonging to Class 1, 2, or 3. Two further species, which A. S. Meek obtained
from a friend who had taken them on Mount Groome, situated at the boundary
between British and German New Guinea, confirm the statement, these two
Delias (described below under Nos. 4 and 8) being so different from the
corresponding forms from the other mountains that we may safely infer from
them that Mount Groome also has its own set of subspecies and species. We know
nothing of the alpine Lepidojitera of the high mountains in German New
Guinea, nor are the Lepidoptera known from the higher altitudes of the Charles
Louis Mountains iu the Dutch territory. These places again may be inhabited
by different forms.

From the fact that the various forms are divisible into the above four classes
follows that

(1) No individual mountain range can be called the original home of these
alpine Delias as a whole ; and

(2) An interchange of species between the mountains has taken place at
one time or the other.

The majority of forms which represent each other (Class 3) being specifically
distinct in each of the above-mentioned mountain ranges further renders it
evident that

(3) This specific distinctness has come into existence in geographically
separate districts.

Therefore, in order to explain the ahundnnce of species which occur togetlier,
it is only necessary to couple points (2) and (3). Now, if a further interchange of
species should take place, say between Mount Goliath and the Owen Stanley
range, the number of species in either locality would naturally become much
enlarged.

There can be no doubt, we think, that the species which re[)lace each other
in these difierent mountains are really distinct — i.e. are so divergent that they
could exist side by side without merging into one single species, which is the
only test of specific distinctness. Several species, in fact, do exist in the same
place with their nearest ally. In the Owen Stanley Mountains, for instance, we
have D. meeki as well as D. niepelti, whereas on Mount Goliath Meek only got
a good series of meeki, several of the specimens, however, distinctly inclining
towards niepelti. On the other hand, the collection from Mount Goliath contains
a geographical race of D. eichhorni and a closely allied second species, whereas
only eichhorni was found in the Owen Stanley range. D. kummeri and D. iso-
charis, which are so similar to each other that we first believed them to be
one species, fly together iu the Owen Stanley Mountains, both being common.

( 582 )

The throe species of the i/tis type which we know from Mount Goliath are
especially interesting. One of them (see below, No. 3) comes near a species from
the Arfak Mountains {bakcri); another represents iltis from the Owen Stanley
range (see below, No. 1); and the third (see below, No. 2) has a very distant
ally in botkwelli from the Arfak Monntains.

Mr. A. S. Meek is much to be congratulated on having at last successfully
accomplished a task on which we had mutually agreed nearly ten years ago.

We hope to figure the new species in next year's volume of Novitafets
Zooloyicae.

a. A red discal line on the underside of the hindwing (Nos. 1 — G).

1. Delias callista spec. nov.

(??. Alis posticis area centrali paginae inferioris aurantiaca {<S) vel Inteo-
alba (?) usque ad raiuum costalem prodncta versus basin in et pone cellulam
rubro marginata, linea postmediana rubra lunata extus lunulis albis signata, macula
I'Ostali basal i flava.

The sexes are remarkably different.

[?. Upperside white. The black costal border of the forewing does not enter
the cell ; the discocellnlars are black, but this bar is a mere line, being very much
thinner than in D. iltis ; the black outer border does not quite extend down to the
subcostal fork and is a little wider below the centre of the wing than in D. iltis.
There are two small white subapical dots. The black border of the hindwing is very
thin, being restricted to the fringe and the extreme edge of the wing and slightly
widened at the veins.

The underside of the forewing is white. The discocellular bar is broad and
triangular, but less broad than in D. iltis. Before the apex there is a curved row
of three orange spots, the row being continued along the distal margin by some

minute dots. The hindwing has the black markings almost exactly as in D. iltis,

bnt the central area and the submarginal spots are of a beautiful orange colour. The
central area has a somewhat diffuse white border, between which and the black
stripe there is a red border proximally in the cell and below it ; the portion of the
central area which lies in front of the cell is costally pointed and externally incurved,
being much smaller than in I), iltis on account of the greater development of the
black, the black lines being broadly united at the costal margin ; a small ovate
discocellular spot is white. The black discal line is produced outward at the veins,
the red line following it being Innate. This red line is outwardly bordered by white
Innules, upon which follow the orange submarginal spots, which are larger than
the corresponding (white") spots of IK iltis; as a rnle these spots are more or less
reddish at the white lunules. The black border of the wing is thinner than in
D. iltis.

? . There are two colour-varieties of this sex ; in the one the ground-colour of
both wings above and of the forewing beneath is white, while the forewing is yellow
in the other above and beneath, the upperside of the hindwing being anteriorly also
more or less yellow. The two forms are otherwise alike.

Uppei-side : the black border of the forewing enters the apex of the cell, the
black (liscocelliilar b ir bein;; completely united with it, some specimens bearing a
small white spot below the costal marg'n as an indication of the interspace existing
in the J l)etween the bar and the band ; the marginal band is 6 mm. wide at the

( 583 )

snbmedian vein. There are three small snbapical dots. The marginal baud of
the hindwino; is 7 mm. wide in the centre, being posteriorly a little broader than
anteriorly ; it is as shar|)ly defined as on the forevving, and does not bear any light
spots, its inner edge being slightly diffuse posteriorly on account of the long white
hairs of the abdominal area.

On the underside the black marginal band of the forewing is narrower
posteriorly than above and its inner edge less regular, the subcostal spot situated
be)'ond tlie cell is larger, and there are snbapical orange spots as in the d^,but .some-
what larger. The hind wing differs from that of the c? in the much greater extent

of black and a corresponding rednction of the light markings. Moreover, the central
area is white with a peculiar bu9ish tone, and the band of red and white Innules
is more distal and the orange spots at its outer side are reduced to two or three
spots before the anal angle and more or less indistinct traces of them farther
forward.

Length of forewing : S 30 mm., ? 29 mm.

A series of both sexes from Mount Goliath.

2. Delias hapalina spec. nov.

S ? Alls posticis infra area centrali alba nigro circumscrijata, fascia nigra
postmediana extus rubro marginata, fascia cretacea submarginali lata, macula basali
flava ornatis.

c?. Upperside white. The black costal border of the forewing does not enter
the cell. There is no discocellular bar ; the black marginal baud anteriorly extends
to the subcostal fork and gradually narrows to a point posteriorly. There is a faint
trace of a white subapical dot. The fringe and extreme edge of the hindwing are
black.

On the underside the forewing bears a narrow discocellular bar and three or
four yellow subapical spots, the marginal band being centrally narrower than on the

upperside. The central area of the hindwing is more rounded than in D. iltis and

the preceding species, the part situated in front of the cell being essentially larger ;
the area is white with a distinct huffish yellow tint in the centre. The black post-
median band is narrower than the black streak situated before the abdominal area,
and is not lunate as in the previous species. The red line bordering the black band
is thin, being usually interrupted below the bend. It forms the inner border of
a pure white submarginal band, which is, below the miildle, half as wide as the
central area. This band is not at all broken up into spots, the black marginal border
being thin and only slightly widened at the veins, and this chiefly owing to the
margin itself being a little scalloped.

?. The ground has a faintly yellowish tint. The forewing above bears two
white snbapical dots and the black marginal band is a little wider from the centre

backwards than in the S , measuring nearly 2 mm. at the hind angle. The black

border of the hindwing is as thin as in the c?.

The underside is as in the <?, except for the forewing having a yellowish tone
proximally and distally, the yellow snbapical spots being larger, the centre of the
hindwing rather more extended yellowish, and the black bands and the red line
visibly broader.

Length of forewing : 24 mm.

A small series of both sexes from Mount Goliath,

( 584 )

3. Delias mesoblema spec. nov.

S ? . Alis auticis snpra et iufra sine macula ad celldae apicem. Posticis infra
area centrali alba flavo sniFasa antice baud trans ramum snbcostalem producta, in
cellnla ad costam medianam macnla longitudinali rubra, fascia nigra estns rnbro
marginata margini externo multo luagis approximata qnam cellulae apici, inter
lineaiu rnbrain et raarginem externum nigrum fascia maculari alba.

This species is a representative of Delias halieri Kenr., Ann. Mag. J. II. (S)
iv. p. 178. tab. 6. fig. 4 (1909), from the Arfak Mountains, and differs from it in
the much narrower black margins of both wings, in the forewing above bearing two
or three white subapical dots and the hindwing beneath having a red spot in the
cell along the median vein. Moreover, the black colour on the nnderside of the
hindwing is much less extended than in bakeii and the white central area and white
submarginal band are consequently much larger, the spots of the submarginal band
being in the S about as large as the yellow basal spot.

The ? differs from the S in the greater extent of the black colour, but even
in this sex the black occupies less space than in the o" of bakcri.

Length of forewing : 26 mm.

A few specimens from Mount Goliath.

4. Delias litis luctuosa subsp. nov.

S. A siibspecie D. iltis iltis dicta alis auticis pro maxima parte nigris, posticis
late nigro marginatis distinguenda.

The white area on the upperside of the forewing extends from the hindraargin
to M' and is much shaded with black in the cell. There is no white spot distally
to the apex of the cell, excepting three subapical dots ; the black border is 6 mm.

broad at the hindmargin. The black margin of the hindwing moderately narrows

behind, measuring .5 mm. in breadth at R^ ; its inner margin is diffuse. It bears
three white snbmarsrinal dots.

On the underside the white area of the forewing reaches to the lower angle of
the cell and the base of R^ there being also a faint trace of a white mark beyond the
apex of the cell; the black border more strongly narrows posteriorly than above;

the yellow snha[iical band is slightly broader tlian in D. iltis. The central area

of the hindwing is more uniformly suffused with sulphur-yellow than in D. iltis,
the red line is thinner and the white spots placed at its outer side are smaller and
more triangular, and the black marginal spots consequently larger.

Length of fort- wing : 29 mm.

One cJ from Mount Grooiue, situated at the boundary between German and
Brifi>h New Guinea, elevation 11,000 ft. ; sent by A. S. Meek, who received the
specimen from a friend.

5. Delias weiskei leucias subsp. nov.

c?. A subspecie I), weiskei weiskei dicta liiiea rulira alarum posticarnm extns
a costa ad marginatu abdominalem albo margiuata distinguenda.

The inner edge of the black borders to the upperside of both wings is more
sharply defined tliaii iu the [iriority form, the white scaling scarcely invading
the bbick ; the borders, moreover, are visibly narrower, and that of the forewing
has centrally a straight inner edge. The red discal line of the hindwing beneath

( 585 )

is accompanied for its whole length by a white line, which is abont as thick as
the red one. This white line, in />. w. weiskei, is either restricted to the apical
area or from R' backwards represented by thin bars.
A small series of c? (? from Mount Goliath.

6. Delias alepa spec. nov.

c?. Speciei D. Immmeri dictae similis, sed limbo nigro alarum anticarnra
mnlto augiistiore, area alba paginae inferioris alarum posticarum multo niiuore
atqae flavescente.

Smaller than luimmeri Ribbe (190U), and the apex of the forewing more
rounded. The black border of the forewing measures 5 mm. at R', being at this
vein only as wide as the interspace which separates it from the apex of the cell,
and does not quite extend to the fork of SC and R' ; the border gradually narrows
posteriorly, its inner margin from the subcostal fork to the hind angle being first
nearly straight and then almost evenly rounded. The border of the hiiidwing
is a very little wider than in D. iv. weis/tei with the exception of the anal portion,
which is thinner. The black area on the underside of the hiudwing invades
the apex of the cell and extends forward bej'ond R^. The white area, which is
shaded with buiT excepting its edges, is therefore much smaller than in D.k/immeri ;
it has a subovate or subtriangular shape, and reaches from the costal margin
across the cell to the median vein, and outwardly to near the tip of R'. The red
discal line is thin, and stops short at the white patch, reaching a little beyond
R^. The red basal and postcellular spots are as in kummeri.

A small series of <?c? from Mount Goliath.

Also allied to D. dixeiji Kenr. (1909), which, however, has no red spot below
the cell of the hindwing beneath.

b. No red discal line on the underside of the hindwing (Nos. 7 — 27).

7. Delias eichhomi frater subsp. nov.

(??. A subsp. eichh. eichhomi dicta alis anticis snbtus macula nigra disco-
cellulari plus duplo angustiore facile distinguenda.

The white area on the upper surface of the forewing is smaller and more
diiFuse at the edges than iu D. e. eichhomi, and in one of the <?(? so much
suflf'used with black as to be almost entirely suppressed. The black discocellular
bar of the underside of the forewing measures only 1 mm. or less in width, and
is angulate, being sometimes almost interrupted before R^ (vein 5).

A small series of c? cJ and one ¥ from Mount Goliath.

8. Delias leucobalia spec. nov.

(J?. Alis anticis supra nigris extns albo macnlatis, dimidio basali in ? albo
dense nigro suffuso. Posticis albis, late nigro marginatis serie macularum albarum

ornatis. Subtus anticis a basi fere ad apicem cellulae albis, in S nigro sutl'usis,

extus dnabus seriebus macularum albarum. Posticis ut in specie D. eichhomi
dicta ornatis, maculis flavis saturatioribus.

A long-winged species, which is larger than B. eichhomi Roths. (1904), and
differs also much in the pattern of the forewing.

( 586 ;

c?. The upperside of the forewing is entirely black, with a slight white
suffusion in the basal half, the greater part of the median vein and the bases
of its two branches are white; beyond the apex of the cell there is a rounded
sjiot at the costal margin, followed by a short streak upon R-, the row being
continued by three larger snbmarginal spots ; between this row and the apex there
is a nearly straight series of four white spots, all these spots being more or less

diffuse at their edges. The outer margin bears three minute white dots. The

hindwing is white with a faint yellowish tone, and has a small, diffuse, blackish
central patch at the base. The black outer border bears a row of four white
spots, of which the second is the most ])roraiiient one, the others being more or
less shaded with black ; the black band reaches to M-, almost gradually narrowing
posteriorly, and being widest along \{\ where it measures 9 — 10 mm. in breadth ;
its inner edge is rounded-elbowed between 11' and II'-' owing to the elongate shape
of the wing. The outer margin of the wing is distinctly incurved between the
veins, where the fringes are white.

On the uiidetsicle the basal half of the forewing is white shaded with black,
the white scaling being densest at the hiudmargiu and distally in and below the
cell ; the area does not reach the apex of the cell, stopping about 1 mm. short
of it, and its outer edge crossing M' about 4 mm. from the cell, the area being
obtusely angulate at this vein. From the first subcostal to the inner angle there
is a curved row of six spots, the first being small and yellowish, the second and
third large, white, and confluent, and the other three also white, large, round, and
isolated, the last being the largest of all. Between this row and the apex the
wing bears a slightly curved row of four small spots of eijual size, of which the

first is orange, the others being white. The markings of the hindwing agree

with those of />. e/(;M<5;7«' Roths., Nov. Zool. xi. p. 310. tab. 'Z. figs. 15, 16, 17
(1904), but the spots are a deeper orange, and the snbmarginal ones stand
farther away from the edge.

?. Similar to the cJ, slightly smaller, forewing, on the iippergiife, with the
white area of the underside reproduced, but much shaded with black, the white
scaling being most distinct between M' and M- ; the second and third spots of the
inner row, placed in front of and behind R-, are distinct and confluent, being larger
than the other spots. The inner edge of the border of the hindwing is nearly
parallel with the outer margin as far down as M', being rather wider behind than
before R^

On the underside the white area of the forewing is not suffused with black,
but has proximally and in the cell a distinct yellow tone.

Length of forewing : j 26 mm. ; ? 26 mm.

One i)air from Mount Groome, situated at the boundary between German and
British New Guinea, elevation 11,000 ft.; sent by A. S. Meek, who received the
specimens from a friend.

9. Delias catisa spec nov.

c?. Supra alba, limbo costali nigro sat lato externo ad cellulam usque dilatato
fere gradatim ad angulum posticum angustato ; limbo nigro alarum posticarum

angusto. Subtns alls anticis colore nigro magis estenso quam supra, area alba

snlphnreo tincta, fascia brevi ex tribus maculis composita sulphureo-alba inter
cellulam et seriem punctorum subapicalium sita ; alis posticis fere nt in specie
D. eichhorni dicta maculis ornata.

( 5S7 )

A remarkable species on account of its close agreement with D. eickhorni in
the markings on the underside of the hindwing. The nenration of the two species
shows a constant difference. In eichhorni the lower angle of the cell of the fore-
wing is pointed, while it is obtuse in catim, and the cross-vein of the hindwing i-i
distinctly incurved or angulate in eichhorni and straight or very feebly incurved in
catisa. The forewing of catisa is broader than in eichhorni, and the hindwing more
evenly rounded, being shorter costally.

The costal border on the upperside of the forewing is 2 mm. broad ; the distal
border extends to the cross-vein, there being sometimes diffuse white scaling
just outside the black cross-vein, and has a width of 3 mm. at the lower median

vein ; one subapical dot is sometimes indicated, The border of the hindwing is

1 mm. wide or less, being nearly restricted to the fringes posteriorly and more or
less interrupted at the veins.

The black costal border on the underside of the forewing is broader than
above, occupying about one-half of the cell ; the discocellnlar bar is broad and
joined to the distal border, a short band of three yellowish spots being isolated
from the light-colonred area and situated at the subcostal-radial fork. There is
a curved row of three subapical dots, usually followed by two or three submarginal
dots : the first dot is yellow, and the second, which is the largest of all, is
tinged with yellow proximally, the others being also more or less shaded with
yellow. The light-coloured area, which extends to the base and iiindmargin, and
is anteriorly bounded by vein R', is white as far as it is covered by the hindwing
and anteriorly more or less deeply suffused with sulphur-yellow ; in D. eichhorni

this area is uniformly orange. The pattern of the hindwing is the same as in

I), eichhorni ; but while the white central marking shaped like the figure 3 bears
a prominent yellow streak in each cellule in D. eichhorni, the streaks are absent, or
at most indicated, in cellules W — R^ and R' — M' in catisa. Moreover, the fourth
and fifth submarginal spots are larger and more triangular ; the last spot is less
extended yellow, and the yellow line along SM- is appreciably deeper in tone.

Length of forewing : 23 mm.

Several Si from Mount Goliath.

10. Delias bornemanni nais snbsp. nov.

(? ? . Alarum anticarum fascia marginalis nigra rami radialis tertii basin non
attingens.

The black border of both wings is narrower than in true bornemanm, the white
area of the forewing extending to the lower angle of the cell. The spots on the
underside of the hindwing are larger and much duller red, the first submarginal
spot being 12 to 14 mm. long. These spots vary a good deal in size, especially the
cell-spot and the submarginal spots 2 to 5, but are never so small as they are in
the majority of the specimens of true bornemanni.

A long series of c? <J and several ? 9 from Mount Goliath.

1 1 . Delias fascelis spec. nov.

S ?. Speciei D. cuningpidi Ribbe (1900) dictae similis. i alls anticis supra

a basi ad ramum primum medianum albis, plus dimidio exteriore nigro; subtus
nigris, postice parum albo suffusis. Alls posticis subtus fascia media alba flavo

C 588 )

macnlata ante medinm fere internijita postice latiorc iinain antice. ? alis anticis

supra et infra macnla magna a margine postico ad cellnlam extensa parum ditt'nsa
alba panllnlo flavesceute. Alis postiiiis supra alliis minime flavescentibus fascia
limbali nigra postice gradatim attenuata; subtus fascia alba ut in S margiueiu
aualem attingente postice ])lns miunsve flavo snfFiisa.

This species rejiresents in the Snow Jloiintains J>. cuningputi Ribbe (1900)
from British New Guinea and ]>. ful/'f/inosits Keur. (1909) from the Arfak
Mountains. It is easily distinguished in both sexes by the forewing.

<?. The basal area of the forewing, above, has the peculiar greyish tone of
D. cunhu/jjiiti, but reaches only to the j)oint of origin of M', more than half the
wing being black ; the black costal border (as in CHiiinyj/nti) does not invade the cell.
There are several exceedingly small white sulmjiical dots, and occasionally also

feeble traces of dots at the euds of some veins. The black border of the hindwing

is more sharply defined than in cxiungptifi ; measures nearly 10 mm. in front and
narrows to a point jmsteriorly. The white marginal spots are smaller than in
cuningputi.

The underside resembles that of cuningputi, but the spots are deeper yellow ;
the one or two small spots placed distally from the cell of the forewing are

yellow. The median band of the hindwing is anteriorly narrower than in

cuningputi and posteriorly broader, and is so suffused with black in front of the
apex of the cell as to be nearly interrupted ; the yellow spots are smaller, the
snbmarginal ones being very thin transverse bars ; and the ground-colour has a
distinct purple tone.

? . The upperside of the forewing is black for the greater part. The white
area, which has a yellowish tone, is so much suffused with black proximally that
it is reduced to a triangnlar patch extending from the hindmargin to the cell and
hardly reaching vein M' ; the black outer border measures 4 or i5 mm. at SM* ; in
some specimens the white patch is shaded all over with black and is more distinctly

yellow. There is a snbapical curved row of four pale yellow dots. The hindwing

has also a slight yellow tone. The black border gradually narrows to a point as in
the c? ; it is, however, as a rule narrower anteriorly than in that sex.

The white area of the forewing beneath is less suifused with black than above
and is a little larger, there being also a spot in the cell ; there is a small yellowish
subcostal dot beyond the cell and a subapical row of five yellow spots, the margin

moreover bearing some minute white dots. The hindwing resembles that of the

i in the yellow spots being smaller than in cuningputi and the median band
reaching to the anal margin. The hind portion of this band is in $ and ? more
distal than in cuningputi. However, the band differs in some ? ? from that of
the S in being essentially broader, posteriorly much shaded witli yellow, and not
interrupted in front of the apex of the cell.

A series of both sexes from Mount Goliath.

12. Delias aroae pheres subsp. nov.

S ?. Area alba alarum anticarum supra et infra i^uam in sabspecie D. a. aroae
dicta minor.

This form agrees closely with I), a. aroae Ribbe (1900), but the black outer
border of the forewing extends into the cell also on the upperside of the S, the
white cell-area being in both sexes much smaller than in the specimens from

( 589 )

British New Guinea. The 3'ellow spots of the underside are larger, especially the
snbapical ones of the forewing, the median band of the hindwing is narrower, and
the ? bears no subcostal dot beyond the cell of the forewing.
A long series of both sexes from Mount Goliath.

13. Delias geraldina emilia Roths. (19u4).

Tackyris weiskei Ribbe, Insekten-Borse, xvii. p. 330 (1900).

Delias emilia Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xi. p. 314. no. 11 (1004) (new name
for weiskei, which is a Delias not a Tachi/ris, the name loeiskei preoccupied in
Delias\

Only one worn $ was obtained this time, near the Oetakwa River, which does
not appear to dilfer from emilia.

D. g. emilia, if at all different from D. g. geraldina Grose-Smith (1894), is
exceedingly close to it.

By some oversight Herr Fruhstorfer has recorded emilia as a subspecies of
D. sage,isa Fruhst. (1010, new name for dives Roths, nee Nicev.), in iSeitz,
Grossschmett, ix. p. 128 (1910).

14. Delias itamputi hypomelas R. & J. (1907).

Delias Uampnli hypomelas Roths. & Jord., Deutsche E. Zeitsihr. p. I'JO (m07) (Mambar^ R.).
Delias liypsomelas " R. & J. i. I.", Fruhstorfer, in Seitz, Grossschm. ix. p. 1^9 (1910).

(?. The black border on the upperside of the hindwing is a mere line, as in
D. i. itamputi Ribbe (1900), being at the most Ti) to 2 mm. broad in front.

?. This sex is represented in the Tring Museum by two specimens, the only
ones known. Both have orange subapical dots on the upper surface of the forewing
and traces of two more, and the proximal area on both wings is white, not yellow
as in the ? of itamputi. In one sj)ecimen the white area reaches, on the forewing,
from the hindmargiu to near the a{)ex of the cell, occupying the greater part of
the cell, the black outer border measuring 4'6 mm. at SM" ; the black marginal
band of the hindwing is 6-5 mm. broad in front and reduced to a line at the anal
margin. The second specimen is black for the greater part, the white area of
the forewing being restricted to the base and hindmargin and that of the hindwing
extending only to the apex of the cell, both areas being very diffuse at the edges
and much powdered with black scales.

Blagi, Mambare River, north-eastern district of British Kew Guinea (A. S.
Meek).

15. D. itamputi conversa subsp. uov.

i ? . Alls posticis subtus pallidioribus macula nigra maiore ornatis distiugueuda.

cj. The black border of the hindwing is on the whole a little wider than
in D. i. hypomelas. The underside of the hindwing has a more distinct bronze
tone than in D. i. hypomelas, and the black central patch always extends from
near R' to M", being usually continuous.

?. The white area of the forewing, above, is sharply ilefined, and reaches
to the lower angle of the cell, the black outer border having a width of 2 to 3 mm.
before the hindmargin. The area is either silvery white or has a yellowish tone,
and is always glossy. There are one or two very pale yellowish subaj)ical dots,

( 590 )

and often traces of one or two more. The bonier of the hindwiug is narrower

than in the ? of D. i. hypomelas, measuriug in the centre 2 mm. or less, seldom 2-5.
A long series of both sexes from Mount Goliath.

1'). Delias albertisi Oberth. (188(i).

This species is known from the Arfak district, 8ekar and Kapanr in
western and the Snow Mountains in southern Dutch New Guinea, and from
the Owen Stanley Mountains in British New Guinea. No albertisi form has
as yet been found in the German territory. The races differ essentially in
the extent of white on the wings and the size of the black discal spot on the
underside of the hindwing. These characters are by no means constant, as our
series of specimens of two of the three races proves. Four names have been
given to the forms of this species, albertisi, discus, neyi, and africanus. Of these
discus has generally but erroneously been sunk as a synonym of albertisi, while
the newly-erected africanus does not ajipear to have any standing.

a. D. albertisi albertisi Oberth. (1880).

?. PierU albertint Oberthiir, Ann. Mus. Ch: Gen. xv. p. 480. no. 33 (1880) (Andai, Aug. 1872)
J'ieris d'albei-thi, id., I.e., tab. 4. eg. 4 (1880).

(J. Z)«/(a.s- africanus Kenrick, Tran.t. Ent. Soc. Land. p. 18. tab. 3. fig. 2 (1911) (Arfak Mts ,
Jan. 1909).

Neither author states which se.x he figures. But judging from the forewing
albertisi is .based on a ? and africanus on a S. Andai being in the Arfak district,
we have no doubt that the two specimens belong together as sexes, and do not
represent different subspecies.

b. D. albertisi discus Hour.

? . Delias disrus Honrath, Bert. Ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. p. 130. tab. 6. fig. 4 (1886) (Sekar).

A. 8. Meek obtained a fine series of this form on the slopes of the Snow
Mountains at 30UU ft. approximately, in the neighbourhood of the Oetakwa River.
Our collection also contains a ¥ from Sekar (the type, from coll. Ribbe), and a J
from Kapaur collected by W. Doherty.

While in the previous race the forewing is entirely black on the npperside
in both sexes (apart from a row of submarginal spots present in the ? ), one-lialf
to three-fifths of it are white in the cJ of discus and about one-third in the ?.
The upperside of the hindwing is white in both sexes, bearing a black border,
which in the cJ is 3 to 6 mm. wide and narrows to a mere line posteriorly, and
in the ? measures more than twice as mach.

It is interesting to note that the preceding sulispecies with its entirely black
upper surface to the forewing has jireserved a remnant of the white colour on the
underside at the hindmargin, the patch being covered in life by the hindwing.
In discus this patch is larger, extending forward to M' and sometimes even beyond,
but never entering the cell, and is much suffused with black at the edges or
all over. It is on an average somewhat smaller in the ¥ than in the S. The
persistence of the white colour at the hindmargin (and in other species also
at the costal margin of the hindwing above) when the colour or pattern has
become modified, is a feature widely met with in Pierids. The subapical band

( •'591 )

of more or less Innate and generally contiwnous spots is greyish white. The black
border of the hiadwiug is broader than in D. a. alhertisi and widens posteriorly
in both sexes. The size and shape of the black discal spot varies considerably,
the spot being continned backwards to near M' in several specimens ; the diameter
measures from 2-5 — 7'5 mm. in a basi-distal direction.

c. D. albertisi neyi Ribbe (1900).

Deliax neyi Ribbe, Imel-leii-Boi-se, xvii. p. .S08 (190(1) (Aroa R.) ; Grose-Smith, Rlinp. Ex. iii.,

Delias, tab. 8. figs. 1 and 2 (UIOl).
Delias albertisi iiciji Roths., Nov. Zoul. p. 312. no. 'A (iy04).

We have five (?(J of this race, all from the Aroa River (Weiske ; Meek) and
the neighbourhood of the St. Joseph's River (Meek) in the Owen Stanley Range,
British New Guinea.

The white colour on the upperside of the forewing is nearly as much restricted
in these c?c? as in the ? ? of discus, and the hindwing also has a broader black
border than in the (?c? of discus, the border, however, being narrower than in
the ? ? of discus. The white patch on the underside of the forewing is about
the same size as in discus, but is rather better defined. The white snbapical band
is broader than in discus and albertisi, and has a distinct yellow tone in one of
the specimens. The orange area of the hindwing is larger than in discus and
more rounded proximally, resembling on the whole the area as figured by
Oberthiir of the ? of albertisi. The black discal spot is present in three specimens,
but reduced to a mere dot, absent from the left wing and vestigial on the right
one in the fourth example, and absent from both wings of the fifth specimen.

IT. Delias catocausta spec. nov.

c??. Supra cretacea nigro marginata ; alis posticis infra nigro fumosis ad
basin macula parva flava et ad cellnlae apicem altera nigra majore ornatis,
fasciaijne angusta parum difl'usa submargiuali alba, area abdominali flavescente.

Near J), pratti Kenr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 177. tab. 6. fig. 2 (1009))
which has the u|)perside of both wings black with the exception of the white
abdominal area of the hindwing.

6- Upperside chalky white, as in 1). clathrata Roths. (1904), with a slight
blnish tone. The black costal border of the forewing invades the cell a little
and the outer border extends to the discocellular bar, which latter is only separated
from the outer border by some diffuse white scaling ; the border strongly narrows
I)osteriorly, being produced basad on the veins and measuring abont 1 mm. in

width below the submedian vein. There are one or two white subapical dots.

The black limbal band of the hindwing is about 1-5 mm. wide at R', and narrows
jjosteriorly and anteriorly, being broader at the veins than between them.

On the underside the forewing is so much shaded witli black that of the white
area only one or two spots beyond the apex of the cell and a difl'use patch at the
hindmargin are left, the disc in between the spots and patch bearing dispersed
white scales and the subcostal spot being often yellowish ; a row of orange spots
(usually five) are placed before the ajiex ; the black border gradually merges into
the less deep black discal area. The base, a stripe along the yellowish abdominal
area, the distal border and a rounded spot situated outside the apex of the cell

( 592 )

deep black ; the rest of the wing densely suffused with brownish black, which
contrasts with the deep black parts ; at the outside of this large area a white band,
which is narrower than the black limbal band, is constricted at the veins,
proximally diffuse, and narrows anteriorly, often not extending to the costal
vein ; at the base a small yellow spot, in front of which there are usually some
white scales. The black discal spot varies much in size, being indicated by only
a few scales in one of our specimens.

? like the c?, but the black border of the fore wing posteriorly much broader,
reaching halfway to the cell at M-.

Length of forewing : '^6 — 30 mm.

A long series of c? c? and a few ? ? from Mount Goliath.

18. Delias meeki neagra subsp. nov.

cJ. Alae anticae area alba extus magis rotnndata qnam in subsp. meeki dicta,
ad cellulae apicem incurvata vel cellulam non attingente ; punctis albis snb-
aj)icalibns minoribns. Posticae colore albo minus lactaneo.

? . Area anrantiaca alarum anticarum parum major, apicem cellulae attingens.
Area alba posticarnm trans cellnlae apicem extensa, ad venam secandam radialem
usque anrantiaca.

(S. In I), ni. meeki the white area of the forewing is angnlate on the snbmedian
fold, and its outer edge is practically straight from this point forward ; the cell is
entirely white, this colour extending beyond the cross-veins. Jn the new form, on
the contrary, the white area is shaped as in B. niepelti Ribbe (1900), its outer edge
being more rounded than in D. m. meeki and usually incurved at the apex of the
cell, the cross-veins (and sometimes also the extremity of the cell) remaining black,
and there being .very few, if any, white scales beyond them. The subapical spots,

2 to 4 in number, are smaller than in D. m. meeki and more diffuse. The white

scaling of the hindwing is more opaque than in D. m. meeki, the black colour of
tlie underside less shining through and hence the wing apjiearing less bluish.

The yellow area on the undeiside of the forewing has in most si>ecimens the
same orange tone found in I), niepelti, and its edge is more or less rounded as in
that species ; but some examples have the same paler yellow tone as D. m. meeki,
and in two of these the edge is quite as straight as in that subspecies. But even in
these two individuals the partitions of the area situated between the apex of the cell
and the black costal edge are smaller than in D. m. meeki. The lower angle of the

cell remains black in most si)ecimenK. The variability of the costal sj)ot of the

hindwing is interesting. In several specimens the spot extends into the cell, in
others it stops short at R', and in two more it is reduced to a narrow costal streak
followed by a small spot below the costal vein. The orange line from which emanate
the bluish grey vein-streaks is continued in these two examjiles to the costal margin,
forming the ])roximal border to the remnant of the white costal j)atch. These two
specimens tlius approach D. niepelti, but the two anterior partitions of the postdiscal
line have a much more proximal position than in I), niepelti.

?. The only specimen wo have of this sex is in bad condition. It differs from
our three ? ? of />. m. meeki chiefly in the greater extent of the proximal area on
both wings. The cell of the forewing is filled nj) with orange to the cross-veins,
and there are even small but distinct orange spots in front of and beyond the upper
angle of the cell. The white area of the hindwing is as in the S less bluish than

( 593 )

in D. in. meeki, and extends well beyond the apes of the cell ; it is orange anteriorly
as in D. m. meeki, but this colour reaches down to R^ instead of R'.

The costal patch of the hindwing, beneath, is triangular, touching but not
entering the cell.

A series of c? c? and one ? from Mt. Goliath.

A. S. Meek obtained only eleven specimens of D. m. meeJd on the south side of
the Owen Stanley range during two expeditions, and did not meet with it at all at
the north side of that range, while the number of specimens of D. niepelti collected
on both sides of the range was considerable. On Mount Goliath, in the Dutch territory,
only D. meeki was obtaiued, no niepelti. The fact that these incline towards niepelti,
as pointed out in the description, is very significant, as it affords some evidence that
Z). niepelti was originally the subspecies of British New Guinea and T). meeki the
one of the Snow Mountains in the adjacent part of Dutch New Guinea, and that
meeki has subsequently spread into the territory inhabited by niepelti.

19. Delias microsticha flavopicta nom. nov.

Delias roihscMUi Kenrick (nee Holland, 1900) Ann. Mag. N. H. (8) 4. p. 180. tab. 7. fig. 2. cJ,
C. ¥ (1909) (Arfak Mts.).

As Dr. Holland named a species of this genus rothschildi in 1900, the Arfak form
of microsticlm (not microsticta as spelt by Sir George Kenrick) requires a new name.
This subspecies constantly differs from D. m. microsticha in the basal costal spot on
the underside of the hindwing being yellow, not red. The ? of D. m. microsticha
Sir G. Kenrick believed to be undescribed ; but we have mentioned the three forms
of it in J^iov. Zool. xii. p. 462. no. 12 (1905).

39

( 594 )

SOME NEW ERYCINIDAE FROM DUTCH NEW GUINEA.

By Dr. K. JORDAN.

n^HE following Erycinidae were discovered by A. S. Meek in the Suow Mountains
-*- of Dntch New Guinea :

1- Abisara eromena spec. nov.

Sexns valde diversi. S : palpis, coxis anticis atque abdomine anrantiis, thorace
supra fulvo subtus nigro, capite nigro, fronte albo bivittata. Alis sujira aurantiis
nigro marginatis ; subtus nigris fascia pallide anrantia ornatis, postiuis punctis
submarginalibns albis. ? nigra, palpis anrantiis, fronte albo bivittata, ab-
domine subtus luteo-albo, alis anticis fascia obliqua mediana abbreviata alba,
jiosticis area central! snbrotunda alba postice flavescente notatis ; subtus eodem
colore, signaturis albis parum magis e.'stensis, alis posticis punctis albis in duplies
serie.

Length of forewing : cJ 28 mm., ? 30 mm.

S. The eyes are bordered with white in front and behind, and there is a
white dot behind each antenna. The anterior margin of the frons is orange, the
forelegs are washed with orange on the inside, and there is also some orange at
the knees of tlie other legs. The underside of the abdomen is paler than the
upper. The black costal border of the forewing does not enter the cell ; the
black apical area occupies more than one-third of the wing, measuring 12 mm.
at the upper radial vein ; the black border very strongly narrows behind, being
only 2 mm. wide at the lower median, and extends a little along the hind-
margin ; the base is shghtly shaded with olivaceous tawny on both wings.

The bindwing is more rounded than in the c? tJ of the allied species, somewhat
resembling in shape the hindwing of a ? ; the outer margin is slightly undulate.
The black distal border measures :i mm. in width before the centre, and 4 mm.
at the lower median ; it continues along the costal margin to the base, this
costal border having a breadth of 3-5 mm. throughout, while it is narrowed to
a point at the abdominal margin, the extreme edge of this margin being black
to the base.

On the underside the oblique median baud of the forewing, which corresponds
to the outer portion of the orange area of the upperside, is buff, with a deeper
orange shade at the edges ; the band measures 4 mm. anteriorly, 0 mm. at M'
(measured at right angles to the inner edge of the band), and posteriorly curves

towards the hind margin, which it does not quite reach. The band of the

hindwing is orange, being slightly streaked with orange-buff, and mnch wider
than that of the forewing, being 6 mm. broad in front, and 9-5 behind ; it
extends close to the abdominal margin, but anteriorly does not reach (o K-, it
also does not touch the cell; there are four white submarginal dots.

?. The head is as in the J, but the anterior edge of the frons is not
orange. The underside of the abdomen is dirty white, the tip being slightly

( 595 )

clayish ochriiceons. The median band of the forewing; and the central area of the
hindwiug are jmre white. The former is straight, with the inner edge dentate
before M' and ftP, and the outer slightlj- incised at the veins, and reaches from
the snbcostals across the lower angle of the cell to a very little beyond M-, its
width varying only from 5 to 6 mm. (measured at right angles to its edges, not
along the veins). The patch of the hindwiug is ronnded, its posterior partition
(between SM- and SM') being bnff-yellow ; it enters the apex of the cell, but
does not reach to R'', its width along M^ being 12 mm., the black border
measuring 6'5 mm. at this vein.

On the II 11(1 I' r aide the band of the forewing is longer, reaching nearly to SM^,
and is posteriorly somewhat shaded with buff at its outer edge, the margins of

the band being also more even than above. The patch of the hindwing reaches

to R^, being truncate in front, and its inner edge slightly incnrved ; the posterior
partition is orange, and the edge of the patch is orange-bnff at veins M' and M".
From M' forward to R' there is a postdiscal row of three white dots, the corre-
sponding dots from M^ backward being merged together with the white patch,
there also being a snbmarginal row of five white dots from R^ backward.

Two Si and one ? from the Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains,
20U0— 3UUU ft.

2. Abisara heterisa spec. nov.

c? ? . Alis anticis in ntroqiie sexn nigris, ad basin brunneis, stria obscura
ante marginem posticnm sita, fascia macnlari obliqua mediana aurantiaea serieque
macnlarum albarum parvarnm inter iilam fasciam et apicem sita ornatis. Posticis
aurantiacis, versns basin olivaceo-brunneis, antice nigris, ante et ad margmem
externum macnlis nigris notatis. Subtns brunneo-nigra (cj) vel brunnea (?) ; alis
anticis duabns fasciis albis postice aurantiaco sntfusis ornatis ; posticis extus
aurantiacis et nigro-macnlatis, maculis submargiualibus intus et extus albo
notatis.

Femina diifert alis latioribns, pagina inferiore pallidiore.

cJ. The i resembles in size and markings A. weiskei Roths., Nob. Zool.
viii. p. 218. no. 2. tab. x. fig. 2 (1901), from British New Guinea. The forewing,
however, bears an orange band in the centre of about 1 mm. width, extending
from close to the costal edge to vein M^, and being twice interrupted. The
white postdiscal spots are larger than in weiskei. There is an orange streak in

front of the hindmargin. The last submargiual and marginal black spots of the

hindwing are absent or vestigial.

The underside is deeper black-brown than in ^1. weiskei. The two bands of
the forewing are pure white, with a slight tawny tinge on the anterior veins and

a distinct orange spot on the posterior ones. On the hindwing the orange area

is of a purer colour, the black and white submargiual markings are somewhat
smaller, the inner row of white spots of these markings is continued to the
costal edge by three spots ; the row of whitish discal spots, which stands about
halfway between the cell and the submargiual markings, is less prominent, and
the posterior spots of this row are less luniform, than in A. weiskei.

¥ . This sex is quite diiierent from that of .1. weiskei (we have a good series
of both sexes of weiskei). It resembles the cJ very closely, but has larger and
rounder wings.

The underside is paler, and hence shows brown spots, which disappear in the

( 596 )

dark gronnd-colonr of the c?. The spots are : A cell-bar on the forewing ; two
cell-dots on the hiudwing, and a median cnrved row of more or less ovate spots.
A series of both sexes from Mount Goliath, Snow Monntains.

3. Dicallaneura amabilis casis snbsp. nov.

? . Area limbalis alarum anticarum supra et subtas magis quam in subsp.
J), a. amabilis dicta extensa.

Our series of S ? differs constantly from all our D. a. amabilis from British
New (iiiiuea in the olive-ochraceous basal area of the forewius above being
continued along the hindmargin, so that the pale yellow disc does not reach the
margin, the border of the distal margin also extending a little along the hind-
margin.

On the underside the hindmargin of the forewing is shaded with fascous,
and the marginal and submargiual lines are continued below M" by fuscous scaling,
especially the marginal one. The transverse chestnut line, which emanates from
the lower corner of the apical area, extends to M-, where it meets (or nearly) a
streak which is situated at the hind side of that vein.

A number of ? ? from Mount Goliath, Snow Mountains.

ON THE GEOMETRID GENUS EUBOBDETA Roths.

By Dn. K. JORDAN.

'T^HE genus was erected in Nov. Zool. xi. 'p. 320 (19U4) for four species of
-^ Geometridae discovered by A. S. Meek in British New Guinea, and figured
by us on PI. III. of the volume cited. These bright-coloured species appear to be
restricted to median and higher altitudes. In the collection made by A. S. Meek
during the first months of the present year in the Snow Mountains of southern Dutch
New Guinea there are again four species, all differing from the former ones, but
three of them evidently taking in that district the place of three of the former
species. A very noteworthy point in the differences which the new species display
is that two species differ on the underside precisely in the same way from their
respective representative forms of British New Guinea, the brigiit-orange subterminal
bands of E. eichho) ni Roths. (19t)4) and lu/jjocala Roths. (1901) being of a peculiar
bronze colour in the corresponding new species, a very striking parallelism.

The antennae are pectinated in both sexes with the exception of the ajjical
third, the pectinations being long in the c?, especially those on the outer side, and
short in the ?. The first segment of the palj)i is rough- and long-scaled, the second
smooth at the side, as long as the first, and tlie third small and smooth. The hind-
tibia of the S is incrassate and bears on the inside a tuft of long hairs concealed in
a groove. The slender process projecting from the edg<; of the basal groove of the
abdomen is present only in the SS. The neuration is the same in both sexes. The
forewing has five subcostals, two branching off from the cell; the other tiiree are
stalked together, S(!'' being thrown off at one-third to one-half between SO'' and the
apex ; SO' closely approaches the costal or anastomoses with it for a slinrt distance ;

( 597 )

occasionally SC- is connecteil with SC^, a long narrow areole being formed. The
first radial (R') is always sejiarat.ed from the subcostals. The npper cross-vein D^
of the hinilwiiig is angulate, and R- (= vein 5) is thrown off at some distance below
the angle.

Key to the species :

a. Abdomen beneath red New spec. No. 1

„ ,, not red ......... h.

b. Hindwing beneath with two bands in the outer half . . . . c.

„ „ one band in the oater half . . . . r/.

„ „ yellow outer band and a yellow spot below

apex of cell E. ruhrophigata 'B.-B&ker (I'^iV)).

Hindwing beneath yellow, outer and inner margins narrowly black,

base flushed with scarlet . . . E.Jiammeus B. -Baker (191U).

c. Forewing with white central band . . . E. meeki Roths. (1904).

„ without „ ,, but with broad red band or patch

E. miramla Roths. (1904).

d. Forewing above with red band or patch e.

„ „ without red marking, black, basal area glossy blue . g.

e. Submarginal bauds of the underside orange . . . . . ./.

These bands bronze ....... New spec. No. 3.

/ Abdomen strongly glossy blue . . . E. eichhorni Roths. (1904).
Abdomen with hardly any gloss .... New spec. No. 2.

g. Submarginal bands of underside bronze . . . New spec. No. 4.
These bauds orange E. hijpocala Roths. (1901)

1. Eubordeta iucunda spec. nov.

t?. Nigra, corpore pnrpureo-coeruieo paulo nitente, ocoipite pronotoque flavo
sutfusis, abdomine subtus rubro apice flavo. Alis anticis fascia rubra a medio
versus angulum posticum extensa postice angustata, pnncto costali subapicali rubro.
Posticis macula costali flava notatis. Subtus brunneo-nigris, anticis fascia pallide
flava, posticis macula costali lutea.

Length of forewing : 24 — 2T mm.

The upperside of the body is purplish blue, with little gloss, the wings,
especially the hindwing, also showing a feeble blue reflection. The extreme tip of
the abdomen is yellow. The brilliant red colour of the underside of the abdomen
extends upwards on some segments, or there are some lateral spots of this colour.
The eye is posteriorly bordered with yellow and the pronotum slightly washed with
ochraceous. The patagia are tipped with yellow underneath the forewing and the
retinaculum also is yellow. The process projecting from the edge of the basal
abdominal cavity is long (J). Tlie flame-scarlet band of the forewing is .5 to 6 mm.
broad at the costal margin, gradually narrows posteriorly, and before reaching the
hind angle suddenly tapers to a point, which is direct towards the hind margin ;
between the band and the base there are usually some red specks at the costal

margin ; the fringe is purple in a certain light and bears a white dot before R'. .

The costal patch of the hindwing has anteriorly a length of 6 mm. or less, and is
rounded oji' posteriorly, not extending below R' ; it is for the greater part orange
and exteriorly slightly shaded with red.

On the underside the markings are all without a red tint ; both wings have a

( 598 )

series of minute pale bnflf dots close to the fringe, and the hiudwing bears a dot in
the apex of the cell aud two below the cell, the dots being variable iu size and
number.

A series of c? c? from Mt. Goliath.

2. Eubordeta eccrita spec. nov.

(??. Corpus et alae supra et subtns nigrae, coernleo snffasae, panlo nitentes.

Alae anticae fascia obliqua lata antemediana ornatae ; posticae macula parva

costali rubra. Subtns anticae fascia rubra ut supra, ante apicem fascia angusta
aurea ; posticae fascia snbmarginali anrea curvata ad marginem costalem extensa
nl)i ad basin nsqne prodncta basi eius rubra.

Length of forewiug : 18 — 22 mm.

Neither the body nor the wings are glossy, but the purplish blue sheen is quite
distinct, especially on the body and the underside of the hindwing. The vermilion
band of the forewing is slightly curved and measures from 4'.'5 to 6 mm. along the
median vein ; it is anteriorly somewhat prodnced basad and does not quite reach the
hiudmargin ; its distance from the base is anteriorly less and posteriorly more than

the width of the band. The red costal spot, placed at about three-fourths, does

not reach R' and is produced to the base along the costal margin ; it corresponds to
the anterior portion of the subraarginal band of the underside.

The red band of the forewiug beneath is connected with the base by means of
a more or less incomplete line situated on the costal vein, another line, generally
short and sometimes absent, is found on the median vein. The golden subapical

band varies from 1 to 2 mm. and runs obliquely from the subcostals to R^ The

golden submargiual band of the hindwing does not reach the anal angle ; it is
nearer the outer margin between W and the anal angle than between R^ and the
costal margin. It varies in width like the subapical band of the forewing, and
extends along the costal margin to the base, the proximal portion of this costal
border being suffused with red and sometimes interrupted. There is no golden
median band as in E. miranda Roths. (1904), which this species represents.

The process projecting from the edge of the basal abdominal groove is
long (J).

A series of both sexes from Mt. Goliath.

3. Eubordeta flammea spec nov.

S'i. E. ekhhorni Roths. (1904) affinis. Nigra, cyaneo sufi'usa, abdomine
nitidissima. Alls anticis fascia antemediana obliqua rubra ornatis ; posticis immacu-
latis vel ad marginem costalem panlulo rubro suft'usis. Subtns alis anticis rnbro
fasciatis, ante apicem fascia abbreviata aeneo-ilava signatis. Posticis fascia lata
snbmarginali aeneo-flava notatis, stria basali costali rubra separata vel cum
fascia una.

Length of forewing : 21— 23 mm.

The vermilion band on the upperside of the forewings varies considerably in
width, especially anteriorly, sometimes being here prodnced to near the base. Its
slightly curved outer edge crosses the cell between M' and M^ The band reaches
beyond the submediau vein in some specimens, in others it docs not reach that vein
or stops short at it.

The yellow bronze subapical band on the underside of the forewiug is about

( 599 )

4 mm. liToail in front and tiipers behind to a point, reaching below M'. The band

on the hindwing is of the same pecnli;u- colour; it is broad and as a rule touches
the lower angle of the cell, the blnish black marginal band being geuerall}' a
mere line, apart from the fringe, but sometimes attaining a width of :3 mm.
anteriorl}'.

The process projecting from the edge of the basal abdominal groove is
vestigial (tj).

A series of both sexes from Mt. Goliath.

4. Eubordeta micacea spec. nov.

(J ? . E. h/pocalaii valde affinis. Nigra, corpore et alarum fere dimidio basal

supra coernleo niteutibus. Subtus alls anticis a basi ad venam M' rubris, fascia

subapicali aeneo-flava. Posticis costa rubra, fascia lata submarginali aeneo-flava.

Length of forewing : 22 — 23 mm.

As in K. hypocala Roths. (1901), figured in Nov. Zool. xi. tab. 3. fig. 26. S
(1904), the costal edge of the hindwing al)0ve is red. The 3'ellow bronze bands
of the underside are broader than in ki/pocala, that of the forewing generally
reaches down to the snbmedian vein, and the band of the hindwing is mostly so
broad as to extend to the cell. The costal border of the hindwing is not essentially
widened proximally. The process projecting from the edge of the basal abdominal
groove is moderately long (c?).

A long series of both sexes from Mt. Goliath.

A NEW HAWK-MOTH FROM ECUADOR.

By Dr. K. JORDAN.

Nyceryx lunaris spec. nov.

(?. N. ericeae similis, sed mnlto major, alls posticis ferrngineo-rnbris, serie
postdiscali pnnctnrum snbaiborum notatis. Long. al. ant. 36 mm.

3 c? (? from Macas, East Ecuador (received from Messrs. Staudinger &
Bang-Haas).

Dark burnt umber, flushed with fawn-colour. A median stripe from head
to metanotnm, patagia, and an ill-defined basal cloud at each side of abdomen
deep brown, a median row of minute dots on abdomen almost black. A minute
dot at apex of first segment of palpus and a ventro-lateral row of small dots on
abdomen white or nearly so ; a number of ill-defined spots on metasternum and
on underside of abdomen rust-colour.

Vpperside of wings of a much warmer tint than in N. ericea Druce (1888).
Forewing more elongate, the tip more ol)lii|uely truncate, the marginal tooth R^
absent, the teeth M' and M- very small, and the angle at W much less projecting ;
markings nearly as in N. ericea ; the black antemedian dash situated in front of
the submedian vein very prominent; two distinct black discocellular dots; the
blackish brown marginal area bounded by a continuous black line from SC'^ to
hind angle, the line being angulate in centre; black apical Innule prominent;

( 600 )

between apex and oblique fuscous discal shadow, whicli latter is bounded
proximally by a pale, ill-defined, slightly curved line, there is a patch of pale

half-moons. Hind wing ferruginous red, not yellow as in S. ericen ; distal

margin broadly brownish black, abdominal margin fawn ; in the reddish area a
blackish discocellnlar dot and a discal blackish double line, the two lines being
united from R' backwards, forming a black transverse patch ; outside the outer
line a row of pale dots, the first distinct dot being placed below R' ; the
proximal edge of the marginal border is formed by a narrow line, which is only
distinct posteriorly, where the border is shaded with grey.

Underside burnt-nmber colour, densely shaded with purplish sepia, disc
variegated with ferruginous red. Forewing ornamented with a number of very
prominent, nearly white, more or less luniform spots between cell and apex, three
of them being placed between SC^ and SC^ ; a similarly coloured prominent line

from near cell towards hind angle. Hiudwing with a distinct blackish brown

line starting from middle of costal margin and reaching hiudmargin at tip of SM^
excurved anteriorly and posteriorly and incurved centrally ; a postdiscal row of
pale dots corresponding to those of npperside.

Genitalia : The two processes of the tenth tergite converging, touching one
another at apex, ventrally rounded-dilated in apical two-fifths, the tip itself
pointed. The processes of the tenth sternite slender, most nearly resembling
those of X magna Fekl. (1874), proximally armed on its npperside with a trans-
versely placed tooth, beyond this tooth the process first bent downward, then
straight with a feeble downward curve distally, and finally gradually curved
upward. Harpe ending with an obtuse, free, compressed process. Penis-funnel
on each side with a club-shaped, densely spiked process, the two processes
practically alike ; sheath of dnct with a row of five teeth at base of whip,
without armature on the opposite side ; whip with one tooth in proximal half
and two at apex.

( 6U1 )

SOME NEAV ANTHRIBIDAE.

By Dr. K. JORDAN.

1. Eugigas childreni spilosas subsp. nov.

c??. Ab E. ch. childreni diflfert pronoto elytrisque flavescentibns distinctins
maculatis, elytris maculis nigris magis nnmerosis.

The third segment of all the tarsi is white at the base, The upper surface is
more 3'ellowish than in the Javan race, the white dots of the pronotum are more
distinct, and all the grey and black markings of the elytra better defined, the black
tessellations on the dorsal surface of the elytra being also denser. The underside
is deeper yellow than in childreni, and the black as well as the white spots are
more prominent.

Perak (type, ? ), Sumatra ; a few specimens of both sexes.

2. Nessiara longicollis spec. nov.

c? ? . A. didymae colore signatnrisque simillima ; rostri marginibns apicali
et laterali non separatis ; prothorace longiore.

A series of both sexes from Borneo (type from Pontianak).

The lateral portion of the apical margin of the rostrum does not extend
backwards as a separate carina, as is the case in A. didifiwi Pasc. (1 859), especially
in the cJ<?, but is continuous with the lateral margin, being at the most separated
from it by a small incision. The eyes are more oblique and nearer together
anteriorly than in didyma, and the abdomen of the c? is more distinctly flattened
or impressed from the first segment to the fourth. The brownish black vittae
of the pronotum as a rule are not interrnpted.

3. Nessiara cethis spec. nov.

<?. Pallida brnnneo-rufa, tomento flavo et nigro macnlata, subtus flavo-griseo
tomentosa, medio nigrescente, pedibus pallide rnfis. Rostrum longitndine duplo
latins, antrorsum angustatum, non carinatum, subtus tribus carinis atque punctis

grossis instrnctum. Frons rostro plus triplo angustior. Elytra tessellata.

Long. (cap. excl.) 5'5 — 7 mm.

Two cJc? from Macassar, Celebes, June 1S96 (W. Doherty).

This small species resembles A. macassaren.iis Jord. (IdUS) in colour, but
the head is essentially different. The rostrum is broadest at the base, where
the sides are rounded-dilated, and distinctly narrows towards the apex. The
upper edge of the antenual groove is separated from the lateral edge of the
rostrum, being basal and ventral to it. The centre of the rostrum, above, is
slightly convex, but there is no carina.

The pronotum is similarly spotted with greyish yellow pubescence as in
A. macassarensis, the markings, which are more or less connected with each other,
consisting in the main of three nearly interrupted longitudinal stripes and a
transverse median row of four spots. The elytra are convex and chequered with

( 602 )

greyish j'ellow and brownish lihick; the third interspace bears four brownish
black spots, of which the second, placed in tlie middle of the elytrnm, is the largest.
The pubescence of the underside and legs is short.

4. Zygaenodes lituratus spec. uov.

c??. Rnfo-brunnens vel uigrescens, bruuneo-griseo pnbescens, antennis
pedibnsc^ne rufis, rostro cum fronte toto albo-griseo.

Rostrum inter antennas transverse convexnm, in medio antem impressum.
Processus oculifer latitndine parnm longior ((?) vel brevier ( ? ). Pronotnm lateribus
brunneo maculatnm, pone carinam utrinque duabus maculis brunneis notatnra,
vitta mediana sat lata bruunei)-grisea luiea allia longitudinali signata, carina
paululo ante trientem apicalem sita. .Scutclluin griseo-albnra. Elytra sat elongata,
convexa, ante medium parnm depressa, sutura usque ad medium brnnnea, serie
transversa lineolarum nigro-brunnearum mediana in interspatiis 3'", 5", 7°, ante
et pone banc seriem lineolis griseo-albis plus minusve bene expressis, apice declivi
lateribusque brunneo-macnlatis, lineola subbasali in interspatio .3'" sita parnm
elevata. Long. (cap. excl.) 2'8 mm.

One pair from Java.

The occipnt recedes rather strongly, so that the outline of the head from eye
to eye appears almost evenly concave in the d, if the head is viewed obliquely
from below or above.

5. Zygaenodes latipes spec. nov.

? . Speciei antea descriptae colore signaturisqne simillimus. Occipnt valde
convexnm intra oculos elevatum. Processus oculifer lougior. Tarsorum articulus
S'"" latior, secundi pari articulus primus secundo et tertio simul sumptis brevior.

One J from Pegu, Burma.

The crown of the head is so much elevated that there is a deep groove on
each side separating it from the stalks of the eyes ; it bears, moreover, a distinct
impressed mesial line. The most peculiar feature of this species is the strongly
dilated third tarsal segment, which is especially large in the midtarsus ; while
in the fore- and hindtarsus the lirst segment is distinctly longer than the next
two together, in the midtarsus it is, on the contrary, shorter, a character not
met with in any of the other species hitherto described.

The suture of the elytra is grey from the base to the antemediau depression,
and thence to the a))ex brown dotted with grey. The abdomen is greyish white
in the centre and bears a broad brown lateral stripe at some distance from the
edge, the stripe being irregularly marked with grey.

6. Zygaenodes antiallus sjiec. nov.

? . Colorft signaturiaque etiam similis latipedi et liturato, sed rostri apice medio
sat profnnde emarginato, pronoti colore brunneo magis extenso, elytris basi area
suturali luteo-grisea notatis, maculis interstitii tertii nigris parum elevatis,
abdomine lateribns tribns seriebus raacularum albarum notato.

One ? from the Khasia Hills, Assam.

Somewhat broader than the j)revions species. The anterior margin of the
rostrum bears a distinct rounded sinus in the centre, which is hardly at all

( 603 )

indicated in the previous s])ecies. The opciput is as much eleviitcd iis in lalipes,
aud the mesial groove which divides the elevatiou into two halves is even more
pronounced.

On the ])ronotnm the brown colour is prevalent centrally and the grey
laterally, the median stripe of the preceding sjiecies being in antiallus only distinct
behind the carina and less broad. The carina is slightly bent forward in the centre.
The scutellura is yellowish grey like the basal sntural patch of the elytra. This
patch is very ill defined. The sntnre is grey from the antemedian depression
to the aj)ex and dotted with brown. The abdomen is brown laterally and bears
on each side three rows of white spots, those of the most lateral row being the
best defined. The third tarsal segment, as in lituratm, is only very little dilated.

Paraphloeobius gen. nov.

Eostrnm breve, versus apicem parum dilatatum, apice sinuatum. Antennarum
fossae raagnae, triangalariter transversae, ventrales. Labium trans insertionem
palpornm divisum. Oculi laterales, antennarum fossis a])proximati, subtus oblique
truncati non sinuati. Antennae breves, clava quadriarticulata. Carina {)rouoti
snbbasalis, versus latera arcuatim antrorsum fle.Ka trans medium laterum con-
tinuata apicem non attingens. Elytra margine liasali depressa, sutnra non
impressa, omnino rotundato-declivia. Prosternnm brevis, coxis paululo elevatis.
Metasternura antice fossa transversa profunda instructum. Tarsorniu articulns
primus vix tertiae parti tibiarum aequalis. Genotypus : P. tricolor spec. nov.

The antennal grooves are entirely covered by the sides of the rostrum. The
latter is somewhat porrect, being practically in a plane with the frons and occiput,
and forms on the underside a very obtuse, rouuded angle with the throat. The
buccal plate (false mentnm) is broadly incurved anteriorly. Behind the buccal
fissure, i.e. below the antennal groove, there are on each side of the head two
long, transverse, smooth depressions bounded by rather sharp edges, similar
spaces being found in the allied African genus Euphloeobius Jord. (1904).

The only species known to me resembles Phloeohius in general appearance,
but represents a new genus more nearly related to Pioenia Pasc. (1860) and
Euphloeobiiis Jord. (1904).

". Paraphloeobius tricolor spec. nov.

c??. Niger, tomento ochraceo vestitus, nigro et griseo notatus, elongato-
ovatns, supra fere omnino convexus, subtus deplanatus.

Antennae nigrae, clava compacta, prothoracis medium paulo snperantes (c?),
vel basin fere attingentes (?); articulis 2" tertio parum breviore crassioreque,
3'° quarto triente longiore, 8° triangulari, 9" basi apiceque trnncato latitndine
hand longiore, 10° transverso duplo latiore quara longiore, 11" subrotundo. I'rouotum
postice plus duplo latins quam antice, latitudine brevius, tribus fasciis nigris
postice divisis irregularibus griseo notatis oruatum, sat grosse pnnctato-ragatum,
ante scutellum depressnm.

Scutellum griseum, subquadraticnra. Elytra latitudine dimidio longiora,
seriatim punctata, striis levissiiue impressis, interstitiis suturali et alternis
griseis regulariter nigro guttatis, caeteris ochraceis nnicolorihus. Pygidium
rotnndatum medio nigrum.

Subtus griseus, lateribns ochraceo sufifusis, abdomine ochraceo gnttato. Femora

( 6li4 )

tibiaeqne rufae, ochraceo pnbescentes, tarsi nitjri griseo-pubescentes baai colore
tibiarnm. Long. (cap. excl.) 8 mm.

In a view from the side the species appears nniforml)- convex from the head
to the pygidium, while in a dorsal aspect it is elougate-ovate. The mouth-parts
are black, slightly rnfescent, with the exception of the lobes of the labium, which
are very pale rnfons. The prosternum is short, the praecoxal portion being shorter
than the width of a coxa ; its anterior edge is raarginate. The mesosternal process
is broader than long and rounded. The tarsi not quite equal the tibiae in length,
the first segment measuring less than half a tibia ; the third segment is very
small.

A pair from Sumbawa (received from Messrs. Standinger and Bang-Haas).

NOTES ON THE PABABISEIDAE FIGURED ON
PLATES VII. AND VIII.

By ERNST HARTERT.

Falcinellus astrapioides (Rothsch.).
(Plate VII.)

Epimachm astrapioides Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club vii. p. xxii. (December 1897 — '• Dutch New

Gninea ").
Falcinellus astrapioides Rothschild, Tierreich, Lief. 2, Paradiseidae, p. 30 (1898 — "N.W.-Neu-

Guinea") ; id., Ibis 1911. p. 366.

Nothing is known of this extraordinary species, which seems to stand quite by
itself, without any close allies, than the type specimen in the Tring Museum, a
native skin jiurchased from Mr. van Renesse van Dnivenbode fourteen years ago.
It came from some place in Dutch New Guinea.

Astrapia rothschildi Foerster.
(Plate VIII.)

Astrapia rothschildi Foerster, Two Nno Birds of Paradise p. 2 [October 1906 — " Mountains of
German New Guinea (Wahnes coll.)"]; Rothschild, Ibis 1911. p. 361 ("Rawliuson Mts.
German New Guinea ").

A good many examples from the Rawliuson Mountains have been sent over,
and there is a series in the Tring Museum, two in the British Museum, and specimens,
in various Continental collections. Mr. Keysser has also discovered the nest and
eggs, and an egg, with nest, is represented in the Tring Museum. A description
of the egg ajipears in the January number of the Ibis. It would not be far
wrong to treat this bird as a subspecies of ^4. nigra, but Mr. Rothschild has given
his reasons (Ibis, I.e.) for not doing so, evidently referring to the fiery red line
bordering the breast-shield not extending upwards to the head.

( 605 )
LANIABIUS FUNEBBIS BEGENEB Subsp. nov.

VON 0. HILGERT.

"DEI der Bearbeitang des Kataloges der Collection voa Erlanger fielen mir
-L' 10 im Siid-Somalilande gesaramelte Laniarius fimebris darch geriugere
Grosse und anscheinend etwas hellere Unterseite anf. Ich glanbte damals au
der Hand des mir zur Vert'iiguag stehendea bescheidenea Materiales diese Vogel
dem vou Cabanis im. ././. 0. 18(58. p. 412 beschriebeueii " Rhijnchastatus liiyubris"
zuzahleii zu diirfeu. Man vergl. hieriiber " Katalog der Collection von Erlanger,"
p. 272, Anm. 2.

Herr Prof. Dr. Reichenow hat uun in der Febriiar-Sitzung 1909 der Ornith.
Ges. {J.f. 0. 1909, p. 235) diese meine Ansicht dahin berichtigt, dass der Typus
von fMniariiisfanebris ein ganz dnnkler VOgel ist and aus Ost-Afrika stammt. Ich
stimme heute Herrn Prof. Dr. Reichenow volikomnien bei, soweit es sich um die
Frage iiber Laniaritis ftimbris handelt. Andererseits ist aber die Verachiedenheit
der in Frage kommendeu 10 Siid-Somali- Vogel nicht zn leugnen. Ich besachte
kiirzlich, einer liebenswiirdigen Einladnng des Herrn Baron Rothschild folgeud,
das ornithologische Stiidtchen Tring und benutzte diese Gelegenheit u. a. auf
obige Frage zuruckzukommen. Mit Herrn Dr. Hartert kam ich an der Hand
des bedeutenden Materiales beider Sammlangen zu folgendem Rcsultate.

Die 10 Laniarins des Sud-Somalilaudes {Kat. d. Coll. con Erlanger, p. 272,
nos. 7640 to 7649J, siud durch yeriiujere Grosse als eiue gute lokale Form
geniigeud gekennzeichnet, wahrend die von mir hervorgehobene hellere, mehr
eisengraue Unterseite diese Form wohl von der ostafrikanischen, nicht aber von
der Nord-Somali-Form unterscheidet, da sich auch unter den Nord-.Somali-Vugeln
mauche Stiicke mit ebensolcher Unterseite finden. \Vie schon in Kat. d. Coll. von
Erlanger angegeben, variieren die Fliigellangen der 10 Siid-Somali- Vogel vou
80 — 86 mm. Eiae grosse Serie Ostafrikaner des Tring-Maseams (21 Stilck)
messeu 86 — 97 mm., sind also bedentend grosser. Hierzu kommt uoch, dass diese
Stiicke, teilweise wol von der terra typica des Lanlaruis fimebris, sich durch
bedeutend duuklere F:irbung der Ober-wie Unterseite so deutlich von den Vogelu
des Siid-Somalilandes und denen von Nord-Ost-Afrika und Abessiuieu nnterscheideu,
dass man sie keineswegs mit ihnen vereiuigeu darf. In den GrOssenverhiiltnisseu
ist zwischen den Ostafrikaneru und Nord-Somalivogein und Abessiuiern kein
Unterschied festzustellen. Es ist nicht augiingig, alle VOgel von Ostafrika bis
zum Nord-Somalilande und Abessinien unter dem Namen Laniarins fimebris
(Hartl.) zu vereinigen und ihnen eine grosse Variationsweite einzuriinmen wie dies
Prof. Dr. Reichenow in seiuen Vogeln Afrikas, ii. No. 1160 tat.

Wenn man beriicksichtigt, dass es sich um drei in vieler Hinsicht zoogeo-
graphisch verschiedene Gebiete handelt, kann es nicht befremden, dass jedes dieser
Gebiete auch eine eigeue Form vou Laniarins fimebris besitzt.

Da nun, wie icli friiher aunahm, der Name lugiibris nicht fur die Siidsomali-
vogel anwendbar, soudern ein Synonym zafanebris ist, so miissen die Vogel des
Siidsomalilaudes ueu benannt werdeu. Dagegen kounte fiir die des Nord-
Somalilandes und die Abessiuier der Name Laniarins fxnebris atrocoeruleus

( 606 )

snbsp. nov. (ex Riippell MS.) angewendet werdeii. JJachstehead gebe ich die
Diagnosen der drei Formen kurz wieder :

Laniarius funehris funehris (Hartl.) : dunkelste, am meisten schwarzblauea
Glanz zeigende Form : Fliigel 86 — 97 mm. Verbreituiig : Ost-At'rika.

Laniarius funebris dcyener snbsp. nov, : Kleiuste Form, in der Fiirbnug
bedeutend heller als L.f. funebris und den N.-O.-Afrikaueru darin sehr nahe stehend;
Fliigel SO — 86 mm. Yerbreitnng : SiUl-Somalihind. Typiis c? Darassum, Land
der Gumi, 8. iv. 1001. No. 7640 der Collection Erlanger.

Laniarius funebris afrocoeruleus subsj). nov. in Fiirbnng wie die von Laniarius
funebris clegener, also anch bedeutend heller als L. f. funebris (Hartl.), aber
grosser als L.f. degener, FliXgel w\ehei L.f. funebris. Verbreitung : N.-O.-Afrika
(Abessinien bis Nord-Somaliland).

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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.

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EDITED UY

The Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pii.D.
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN.

Vol. XVIII.

No. 4.
Title-Page, Contents, and Index.

Issued April 15th, at the Zoological Museum, Trino.

I'RINTKD BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEV, La, LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

1912.

Vol. XVIII.

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE

EDITED BY

WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.

CONTENTS OF NO. IV.

PAOE^

GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUME XVIII 607—620

SPECIAL INDEX TO MATHEWS' REFERENCE-LIST TO THE BIRDS

OF AUSTRALIA 627—656

(TITLE-PAGE AND CONTENTS TO VOLUME XVIII.)

( fi"' )

VN^^^

\<a

.\*^

GENERAL INDEX.

{For Mathews Reference- List to the Birds of Australia see Special Index.)

Abisara, 594, 595.

abyssmica(Galerida), 496.

acaniantis (Cteratophyllus), 79.

acanthinurus (Uromastix), 468.

Aeanthis, 476.

Acanthiza, 17.

Acanthodaetylus, 459.

Accipiter, 537.

accrita (Eubordeta), 598.

achilles (Craneopsylla), 120, 121.

aooenus (Lemuricedus) 108.

Acorynus, 95-102, 115.

Acraea, 149-153.

Acrapex, 147.

Acrea, 151.

acritoides (Acraea), 1.53.

Acrocephalus, 504, 508.

Aciopsylla, 118, 119.

Actias, 130.

Aotitis, 6, 68, 549.

acuta (Dafila), 542.

acutior (Sarosa), 27.

Adroctenes, 576, 577.

Aegeria, 46.

Aegialitis, 5.

aegyptiacus (8treptopelia), 543.

— (Turtur), 460, 409, 543.

aegyptius (Caprimulgus), 462, 542.

aenea (Parra), 7.

aeneus (Metopidiu.s), 7.

aequatorialis (Turtur), 543.

aecjuisetosus (Loemopsylla), 64.

— (Pulex), 64.

— (Xenopsylla), 57, 64, 89.
aeruginosus (Circus), 536.
afiinis (Apus), 523.

— (Argyrocides), 41.

— (Eumenogaster), 42.

— (Paranthrene), 46.

— (Pardalotus), 19.
africana (Emberlza), 483.

— (Fringilla), 478.

— (Parra), 7.
africanus (Aeanthis), 476.

africanus (Carduelis), 476.

— (Delias), 590.
agenori.s (Malacopsylla), 70.
agilis (Ceratophyllus), 79.
agrarius (Mus), 86.
agrestes (Microtus), 78.
Agrobat«s, 510.
Agrodroma, 499.

agyrtes (Ctenophthalmus), 77, 81-3.

— (Typhlopsylla), 81.
ahalae (Pygiopsylla), 72.
aliaronii (Bubo), 528.
ahasver (Passer), 479-81.
Akodon, 122.
Alactaga, 79, 82.
Alaemon, 465, 497.
alakurt (Vermipsylla), 70.
Alauda, 497, 514.
ataudipes (Alaemon), 497.
alba (Ardea), 169.

— (Herodias), 164.

— (Motacilla), 494, 499.

— (Strix), 528.

— (Tyto), 528.
alberta (Acraea), 151.
alberti (Amata), 154.

— (Pteridophora), 1.59.

— (Sciurus), 79.
albertisi (Delias), 59U, 591.

— (Pieris), 590.
albicoUis (Cinclus), 521.
albigularis (Gerygone), 23.

— (Oryzomys), 121.
albistriata (Sylvia), 508, 509.
albiventris (Erinaceus), 63.
albolineata (Brachygalia), 462.
Alcedo, 525.

alchata (Pterocles), 511, 544.
alepa (Delias), 585.
alexandrinus (Charadrius), 548.

— (Mus), 6C, 120.

algeriensis (■■immomancs), 457, 463, 470, 487,
488, 518.

— (Lanius), 500.

40

( (508 )

algeriensis (Petronia), 478.

— (Phoenkmrus), 519.
algira (Leucanites), 462.

— (Zygaena), 456, 457, 470.
algirus (Turdus), 512
Alisterus, 13, 14, 23.
alpestris (Eremophila), 498.
aluco (Strix), 527, 528.

— (Syrnium), 527.
amabilis (Dieallaneura), 596.

— (Mecocerina), 113.

— (Polyptychus), 135.
Amadina, 167.
Amandava, 21.
amandava (Fringilla), 21
amantium (Erythrospiza), 477.
Amastus, 158.

Amata, 154.

americana (Corvus), 127.

americanus (Corvus), 125, 126.

Ammomanes, 457, 459, 463, 466, 467, 470.
485-8, 518.

amoena (Rothscliildia), 129.

Amphipsylla, 79.

Amytis, 18.

Amytomis, 18.

Anabasis. 466.

Anas, 9, 54, 542.

Ancara, 147.

androcli (.Malacopsyllu), 69.

anglica (Sterna), 549.
angulifer (Sympaector), 115.
angustatum (Sphecosoma), 25.
angustipennis (Paraethria), 41.
annulipes (Mecotropis), 93, 94

Anoue, 4.

antarcticus (Lopholalmus), 16.

antennalis (Cedus), 111.

— (Gynandrocerus), 90, 91.
antennata (Calonotos), 39.
anthera (Loepa), 131.

Anthia, 459

anthina (Protoparce), 135.

Anthropoides, 546.

Anthus, 167, 460, 461, 469, 498, 499.

antiallus (Zygaenodea), 6(*2, 603.

Antigone, 8.

apiaster (Merops), 524, 525.

apicalia (Teucer), 42.

Aplonis, 20.

Apo.s, 466.

appro.\imana (Circus), 10.

Aprosmictus, 13. 14.

Aptenodytes, 3.

Apus, 458, .'522, 523.

apua (Apus), .523.

aquaticus (Rallus). ,54.5.

Aquila, 533, 534.
arabs (Choriotis), 8.

— (Eupodotis), 8.

— (Otis), 8.

aranem (Sorex), 77, 78.

Aratinga, 11. 22.

arborca (Lullula), 494, 496,

Arcliaeopsylla, 58, 66, 551.

archibaldi (Acanthiza), 17.

Arctomys, 79.

arcuata (Dupetor), 9.

ardea, 62, 164, 169. 539.

Ardeiialla, 8.

Ardeola, 539.

Ardettii, 539.

arenarius (Pt^roclcs). 543.

arenicola (Galerida), 4.59, 493, 495.

— (Strcptopelia). 543.

— (Turtur). 469, 543.

arenicolor (.\mniomanes), 459, 467, 487-90,

ares (Craneopsylla). 121, 122.

arcthusa (Rothscliildia), 130.

arfakensis (Amat<i), 154.

argentatua (Larus), .550.

argus (Ceratophyllus), 78.

Argyrocides, 41, 42.

aries (Cossus). 469.

Aristida, 461, 507

armida (Rhescynti.s). 134.

aroae (Delias), 588.

arquatus (Cisticola), 511.

— (Numenius), 549.
Artamus, 167.
Artemisia. 466.
articulata (Anabasis), 466,
arundinaceus (Acroccphalus), .504.
Arundo, ,504.

arvalis (Arvicoia), 77. 82, 85.
arvensis (Alauda), 497, 514.

— (Morecandia). 466.
Arvicoia, 77, 81, 82. 85
a.scalaplius (Bubo), 527, 528.
Asio, 528.

a.ssimilis (Ctenophthalmus), 77, 81, 82.

— (Mus), 87.

— (Typhlopsylla), 82.
astia (Xenopsylla), 117.
Astrapia, 604.
astrapioidcs (Epiinaclius), 604.

— (Falcinellus), 604.
astrigera (Aoraea), 151.

— (Acrea), 151.
Astur, 164.

ater (Parus), .500.
Athene. 467, 529.
atlantiea (I'alacopsylla), 552.

— (Pistacia), 466.

( 609 )

atlanticus (Canis), 67.
atlantis (Gypaetus), 531.
atlas (Phloeotragus), 92.
atra (Fulica), 545.
atricaiiilla (Muscicapa), 503.

— (Sylvia), 462, 506
atricapillus (Melithrcptus), 19
atrocoeruleus (Laniarius), 605, 606.
atrogularis (Oenanthc), 515.
audouini (Lemiiricedus), 108, 109.
aurantiibasis (Aegeria), 46
aurantiifrons (Amatii), 154.
aurantiipes (Diptilon), 42.

— (Sphecosoma), 25
aurantiivcntris (Chloris), 475.
aurca (Pluvialis), 5, 6.
aureola (Acraca), 149
auricomis (Leptoloiihus), 13.

— (Ptilotis), 19.
aurifrons (Lathamus), 15.
auritus (Plecotus), 54.

— (Vespertilio), 89.
australis (Choriotis), 8.

— (Corvus), 20

— (Eopsaltria), 16.

— (Rhopalopsyllus), 69.

— (Pulex), 69.
Autochloris, 27.
Automolis, 157, 158.
avarus (Ai-ctomys), 79.
azota (Cliaraxes), 137, 138.

bacheri (Ncsokia), 64, 65.
badia (Anas), 9.
badius (Lanius), .502.
baeri (Eurota), 37.

— (Phoenicoprocta). 28.
baeticus (Ctenoplithalmus), 554.
baillonii (Microtiis), 78.
bakeri (Delias), 582, 584
ballus (Thestor), 465.
bangliaasi (Robiiisonia), 157.
Banksianus, 13.

barbara (Petronia), 478, 479.
barbanis (Falco), 538.
barbatus (Gypaetus), 531.

— (Pycnonotus), 502.
barnardi (Mntacilla), 19.
baroni (Cosmnsoma), 32.

— (Gymnelia). 28.
barrabandi (Psittacus), 13.
bassetti (Zosti-iops), 166.
Baza, 1()9.

beldieii (Poeiiliila), 23.
bclemia (Eudiloe), 465.
belia (Eucliloe), 465.

belisaiius (Aquila), 534.

bengalensis (Bubo), 528.

belli (Acraea), 152.

bergeri (Passer), 479, 480.

bergii (Sterna), 162.

bernhardi (Rhopalopsyllus), 69.

biarmicus (Faleo), 538, 539.

bicolor (Micronaclia), 155.

bidentatus (Ctonopsyllus), 52, 55, 56.

bilopha (Otocorys), 466, 467.

bisbidentatus (Ctenophtlialmus), 52, 80, 82.

bisetis (Leptolophus), 13.

— (Nymphicus), 13.
bisoctodentata (Ctcnophthalmus), 81,

— (Typhlopsylla), 82.
bisoctodentatus (Ctenophthalmus), 80-82.

— (Pulex), 52.

— (Talpa), 58.

bisseptemdentatus (Ctenophthalmus), 52.
bleyi (Reinwardtoenas), 168.

biythi (Cyclopsitta), 160.
boarula (Motacilla), 499.
bobac (Arctomys), 79.
boenninghauseni (Sarosa), 27.
boettgeri (Gymnelia), 28.
Bolborhynehus), 15.
bombiformis (Homoeoeera), 156.
Bombus, 81, 86.
bombyliformis (Sphecia), 45.
bonellii (Phylloscopus), 462, 504.
borealis (Tamias), 79.
borin (Sylvia), 506.
bornemanni (Delias), 587.
boschas (Anas), 541.
bothwelli (Delias), 582.
bouchei (Pulex), 58.

braohydactyla (Calandrella), 460, 462, 485,
486.

— (Certhia), 499.
Brachygalea, 462.
brasiUense (Cosmosoma), 36.
brasiliensis (Protoparce), 135.

— (Pulex), 65.

— (Xenopsylla), 64, 65.
brehmorum (Apus), 4.58, 523.
brevieauda (Paradigalla), 159.
brevicaudus (Puffinus), 4.
brevipes (Heteractitis), 163.
brevirostris (Melithrcptus), 19.
brevis (Acorynus), 97.
bricenoi (Cosmosoma), 32.

— (Icharia), 36.
brilliantina (Euchromia), 38.
brinkleyi (Cosmosoma), 31.
brunnea (Acraea), 151.

— (Acrapex), 148.
Bubo. 527, .528.

( '11" )

bubo (Bubo), 5-27, 528.

Bubulcus, 539.

Burhinus, 8.

Buteo, 535.

buteo (Buteo), 535.

biittikoferi (Rhipidura), 165.

buvryi (Coccothraustes), 474.

Cacatoes, 12.

Cacatua, 12.

Caccabis, 457, 467, 544, 545.

cachinnans (Larus), 550.

Cacomantia, 16, 17.

cadarus (Acorynus), 97.

caecata (Dermatophilus), 57, 59.

— (Sarcopsylla), 59.
caecum (Cosmosoma), 35.
caenonus (Acorynus), 96, 97.
caerulea (Porphyrio). 546.
caeruleifascia (Ichneumenoptera), 47.
caerulescens (Trachelotis), 8.
caeruleus (Parus), 462, 500.

caffer (Acorynus), 102.
cajetani (Isanthrene), 26.
calamistis (Sesamia), 148.
calandra (Emberiza), 462, 483.

— (Melanocorypha), 469, 485.
Calandrella. 460, 462, 485, 486.
calcaratus (Acorynus), 102.
caledonicus (Nycticorax), 164.

— (Platycercus), 14.
Calidris, 6.

calidris (Tringa), 549.
Callaeas, 22.
callandra (Actias), 130.
callias (Litocerus), 103.
Calligonum, 461, 507.
callimus (Xenocerus), 94.
callista (Delias), 582.
callopistrioides (Data), 146.
Calouotos, 39, 40.
Calopsitta, 12, 13.
Calornis, 20.
camelus (8truthio), 550.
campestris (Agrodrome), 499.

— (Anthus), 460.
canaria (Serinus), 477.
Canis, 65, 67, 68, 70.

canis (Ctenophthalmus), 51, 58, 66, 67, 80.

— (Pulex), 67.
cannabina (C'arduelis), 476.
cnnorus (Cuculua), 487, 526, .527.
cantans (Cicadella), 470.
cantillans (Sylvia), 460, 508, 509.
Canutus, 5, 6, 7.

canutus (Canutus), 5, 6.

canutus (Tringa), 6.

Carpopliaga, 162.

Caprimulgus, 461-3, 523, 524.

carabayanum (Cosmosoma), 32.

carbo (Phalacrocorax), 539.

eardinalis (Saurita), 37.

Carduelis, 476.

carduelis (Acanthis), 476.

— (Carduelis). 476.

carina (.Saturniodes), 132.

carmania (Teucer), 43.

Carnus, 138.

carolae (Parotia). 159.

carolinae (Galerida), 465, 466, 470, 491-6.

carthaginis (Galerida), 489, 493.

carunculata (Paradigalla), 159.

casis (Dicallancura), 596.

caspia (Eupoda), 5.

castanotis (Taeniojiygia), 167.

Catharisa, 133.

catisa (Delia.s), 586, 587.

catocausta (Delia.s), 591.

catus (Felis), 66, 67.

caucasica (Ctenoplithalmus), 82^.

C'edocus, 110.

Cedus, 107, 108, llo. 111.

celebensis (Litocerus), 106.

cellulata (CucuUia), 140.

Cenchridobia, 138.

cenchris (Falco), 537.

Cerastes, 459.

Ceratophylli, 52.

CeratophyUus, 67, 71-9. 81-6, 552.

Ceratopsylla, 87-9, 118.

Ceratopsyllus, 51-5, 74, 80, 87, 88.

Cereonectes, 9.

cerina (Catharisa), 133.

Certhia, 499.

Certhilauda, 461, 462.

cervicalis (Garrulus), 472, 473.

cervinus (Lemuricedus), 109, 110.

cestis (Palpangula), 462.

cethis (Nessiara), 601.

cetti (Cettia), .504.

Cettia, 504.

ceylonicus (Rallina). 2.

Chaerocampa, 470.

Chaetopsylla, 70.

Chalcococcyx, 23.

Chalcophaps, 162, 170.

ehambezi (Acraea), 153.

Charadrius, 5, 6, 548.

Charaxes, 137, 457.

charila (Saturniodes), 132.

charlonia (Euchloe), 457, 463, 465, 106, 469.

Charmosyna, 160.

CheUdon, 72, 467, 521,522.

( 611 )

oheopis (Pulex), 63.

— (Xenopsylla), 63-5, 117.
Chiastopsylla, 86, 118.
childreni (Eugigas), 601.
chimaera (Gymnelia), 27.
Chionis, 21,22.

Chloris, 473.

chloris (Chloris), 475.

— (Halcyon), 165, 170.
chlorolepidotu.s (P.sittacus), 11.
chloropus (Gallinula), 545.
Choriotis, 8.
Chrostosoma, 30.
chrysaetus (Aquila), 533.
Chrysocale, 39.

chrysocercus (Merops), 458, 467, 524, 525.

chrysochlora (C'halcophaps), 162, 170.

Chrysoccoccyx, 165.

chrysocome (Eudyptes), 69.

Chryscstola, 157.

cia (Emberiza), 483.

Cicadella, 470.

Ciconia, 539.

ciconia (Ciconia), 539.

Cimex, 561.

Cinclus, 464, 521.

cinclus (Cinclas), 521.

cinctura (Ammomancs), 459, 485, 488.

cinctus (Ptilinopus), 161, 162.

cinerascen.s (Gerygone), 23.

— (Mecotropis), 93, 94.
cinerea (Acraea), 151.

— (Alauda), 497.

— (Ardea), 539.

— (Neotoma), 79.
Circaetu.s, 471, 537.
circi (Pulex), 73.
Circus, 10, 73, 536.
cirlus (Emberiza), 483.
cirtensis (Buteo), 535.

— (Coleus), 471, 472.
Cisticola, 167, 511.
oisticula (Cisticola), 511.
citrinum (Cosmosoma), 34.
clathrata (Delias), ,591.
cleopatrae (Pulex), 63.

— (Xenopsylla), 63.
Cleophana, 462, 469.
cleopliontis (Pulex), 69.

— (Rhopalopsyllus), 69.
Climacteris, 18.

clot-bey (Rhamphocorys), 466, 467, 484, 485.
clypeata (Spatula), 542.
Coccothraustes, 474, 475.
coccothraustes (Coccotliraustes), 474, 475.
coelebs (Fringilla), 477, 478.
coelestis (Mecotropis), 94.

Coleus, 125, 126.

collaris (Coloeus), 472.

coUybita (Phylloscopus), 461, 503.

Coloeus, 471, 472.

colombiana (Halisidota). 158.

Coloradia, 133.

colossus (Cliaerocampa) ,470.

Columba, 73, 467, 542, 543.

columbae (Ceratophyllus), 73.

— (Pulex), 73.
Columbiana (Isanthrene), 26.
Comatibis, 465, 470, 540.
communis (Sylvia), 462, 506, 507.
comosum (Calligonum), 461.
conformis (Ancara), 147.
conspicillata (Melanocorypha), 469.

— (Sylvia), 462, .509.
conspicillatus (Pelecanus), 169.
Conurus, 11, 22.

conurus (Tolypeutes), 69.

conversa (Delias), 589.

Copaxa, 132.

Copicucullia, 462.

Coracias, 467, 514, 525.

Coracina, 17.

Corax, 123, 128.

corax (Corvus), 123, 126, 471.

Corethrura, 2, 3, 546.

comix (Corvus), 125.

cornutus (Cerastes), 459.

coromanda (Glareola), 71.

coronatus (Pterocles), 544.

Corone, 20.

Corvultur, 124, 125.

Corvus, 17, 20, 123-7, 161, 471.

Cosmosoma, 31-6.

cosmosomoides (Chrysostola), 157.

— (Loxophlebia), 30.
Cossus, 469.
costalis (Pheia), 29.
Coturnix, 545.
coturnix (Coturnix), 545.
Cotyle, 72.
Cracticus, 18.
Craneopsylla, 120-22.
crassieoUis (Mecotropis), 93.
crassirostris (Canutus), 7.

— (Corvultur), 125.
Crateropus, 466, 469, 511.
cratha (Cosmosoma), 34
cratliidia (Cosmosoma), 34.
crathidinum (Cosmosoma), 34.
orecca (Anas), 542.

creusa (Euchromia), 38.
crepitans (Psophia), 17.

— (Psophodes), 17
Crex, 545, 546.

( C12 )

crex (Crex), 545.
Cricetomys, 64, 89.
cristata (Choriotis), 8.

— (FuUca), 545.

— (Galerida), 459, 465, 470, 488-96.

— (Parra), 7.

cristatus (Hydralector), 7.

— (Microdactyla), 59.
crucicollis (Litocerus), 106.
Ctenocephaliis. oS, 60. 67.
Ctenophthalmus, 51, 52, 58, 77, 80-84, 118,

554.
Ctenoplax. 566, 571, 575.
Ctenopsyllus. 51, 52, 56, 85.
CucuUia, 140.
Cuculus, 16, 467, 526, 527.
cunicuU (Pulex), 66.

— (Spilopsyllus), 58, 66.
cunicuUis (Felis), 66.

— (Lepus), 66.
cuningputi (Delias), 587-8.
Curruca, 20.
C'urvirostra, 5.
curvirostra (Loxia), 475.
cuspidata (Trichopsylla), 66.
cyanecula (Luscinia), 520.
cyanoleuca (Grallina), 18
cyanops (Sula), 9.
cyanopygius (Alisteus), 14, 23.

— (Aprosmictus), 13, 14.

— (Psittacus), 14.
cyanus (Monticola), 513.
Cyclupsitta, 11, 160.
Cymbalophora, 465.
Cvnopterus, 572, 574.
cynthia (Samia), 130.
cyrtana (Copiciicullia), 462.

dactylatra (Sula), 9, 10.

dacus (Ceratophyllus), 74, 75.

daea (Slesopsylla), 79.

Dafila, .542.

dalei (Ceratophyllii.^), 73.

dalica (Protoparce), l.'iS.

Dandalus, 521.

Dasyptiliis, 13. •

Dasypus, 70.

dasyuri (Stephanocircus), 86. 87.

Data, 145, 146.

daurica (Chelidon), 522.

decumanus (Mu.s), 65, 554.

degener (Laniarius). 005. 606.

deielileri (Galerida). 4.59. 460, 491-6

— (Turdus). 512.

Delias, 580-93.

Demiegretta, 164, 170.

Dendrocitta, 125.
Dendrocopus, 526.
densus (Dicrurus), 170.
deprcssus (Ptyclioderes), 93.
Deruiatophilus, 57, 59-61.

deserti (Ammomanes), 457, 463, 470, 487, 488,
518.

— (Oenanthe), 465, 515.

— (Sylvia), 461, 507.

— (Talpochares), 462.
deseiticola (Sylvia), 509.
desertoriim (Buteo), 535.

— (Caprimulgus), 523.

— (Putorius), 82.
destructor (fractious), 18.
dexias (Lemuricedus), 109.
diadema (Zamenis), 4.59.
DiaphoriUas, 18.
Dicaeum, 18, 161.
Dicallaneura, 596.
Dicladia, 37.

Dicrurus, 170.

dictenus (Ceratopsyllus), 55.

— (Nycteridopsylla), 55, 56, 88.
Didelphis, 67.

didymae (Nessiara), 001.
diffusa (Mecocerina), 113.
Diplootocus, 514, 519.
Diptilon, 42.

diplostigma (Ehvesia), 141.
discolor (Psittacus), 14.

— (Vesperugo), 55, 89.
discus (Delias), 580, 590.
dissimiUs (Data), 145, 140.
dissimulans (Pareuplexia), 143.
distichus (Acorynus), 99
distincta (Teucer), 43.
distinguendus (Acorynus), 95.
diversus (Cedus), 111.

dives (Delias), .589.
dixeyi (Delias). 585.
dodsoni (Lanius). 500.
dohertyi (Icluioumenoptera). 47.
domestica (Columba), 73.

— (Sus), 60.
domesticus (Canis). 67.

— (Felis), 07.

— (GaUus), 73.

— (Passer), 74, 479-82.
domijiicensis (Episcepsis), 44.
donax (Arundo), 504.
doncasteri (Gymnelia), 28.
dursalis (Gerygone), 105.
dorsimacula (Mcsotlien), 45.
doubledayi (Acraea). 151.
drucei (Isanthrenc), 26.
drummondi (Neotoma), 79.

( 613 )

dubium (Cosmofsoma), 34.
dubius (Charadrius), 548.
duperreyii (MegapodiiLs), 161.
Dupetor, 8, 9.
duplicatus (Mecotropis), 93.
duponti (Alaemon), 465.

Echidnophaga, 61.
edwardsi (Chorioti.s), 8.
eggeri {('enchridobia), 138.
eichhorni (Delias), 581, 585-7.

— (Eubordeta), 596-8.
eknomius (Eoctenes), 574, 575.
elata (Ephedra), 461, 482.
elegans (Lanius), 467, 469, 500.
ella (Acraea). 151.

elongatus (Isclinop.syllus), 52, 53, 56.

Elwesia, 141, 142.

Emberiza, 462, 407, 470, 483, 484.

emendatio (Ceratophylli), 52.

emilia (Delias), 589.

emini (Acraea), 151.

Entomophila, 19.

Eoctenes, 566, .569, 571-8.

Eopsaltria, 16.

Ephedra, 461, 482, .507, 545.

Epimachus, 604.

Episcepsis, 43, 44.

episema (Acropsylla), 118, 119.

epops (Upupa), 461, 467, 525.

equatorialis (Acraea), 151, 152.

eremita (Comatibis), 465, 470, 540.

Eremophila, 498.

ericea (Nyceryx), 599, 600.

erinacei (Archaeop.sylla), 58, 66, 551.

— (Ctenocephalus), 51, 58, 80.

— (Pulex), ,59, 66.
Erinaceus, 63, 66, 551.
Erismatura, 9.
Erithacus, 74, .521.
erlangeri (Falco), 538, 539.

— (Phylloscopiis), 503.

— (Pisorhina), 530.

— (Procavia), 65.
erminea (Mustek), 78.
Erolia, 548, 549.
eromena (Abisara), 594.
erythriris (Pareuplexia), 143.
erythropterus (Platycercus), 13.

— (Ptistes), 13.
Erythrospiza, 465, 477.
esmeralda (Neopistria), 146.
Eubordeta, 596-9.
Euchloij, 457, 463-6, 469, 470.
Euchromia, 38.

eucta (Mesopsylla), 57, 79

Eudyptes, 09.

Eugigaa, 601.

Eumenogaster, 42.

eumolpi (Ceratophyllus), 79.

Euphema, 14, 15.

Euphloeobius, 603.

Euphorbia, 507.

Eupoda, 5, 6.

Eupodes, 6.

Eupodotis, 8.

Euroctenes, 566, 567. 509.

europaea (Talpa), 58, 80-84, 5.52.

europaeus (Caprimulgus), 401, 403, 523, 524.

— (Erinaceus), 66, 551.
Eurota, 37.
Eurranthis, 514.
Euryzona, 2.
euryzona (fJallinula), 3.

eusarca (Nycteridopsylla), 55, 56, 89.
euteles (Psitteuteles), 10.
Eutelipsitta, 11.
Eutolmaetus, 10, 471, 534.
excelsus (Columba) 542.

— (Parus), 500.

excubitor (Lanius), 467, 469, 500.
exilis (Cisticola), 167.
exsul (Pseudosphex), 24.

Falcinellus, 160, 004.

faleinellus (Plegadis), 541.

Falco, 10, 138, 139, 467, 514, 522, 529. 537-9.

falloui (Euchloe), 457, 466, 469.

familiaris (C'anis), 6.5, 67.

fa.scelis (Delias), ,587.

fasciata (Corethrura). 3.

— (Rallina), 3.

— (Trichiura), 41.

fasciatus (Ceratophyllus), 77, 81, 82, 86.

— (Eutolmaetus), 5.34.

— (Pulex), 77.

— (RaUina), 2.

fassli (Hypomolis), 1,58.

— (Pelochyta), 1.58.
felderi (Leucotomis). 30.

— (Mesolasia), 41.
Felis, 66-8.

felis (Ctenocephalus), 58, 66, 07

— (Ctenophthalmus), 51, 80.

— (Pulex), 07.
ferina (Nyroca), 542.
ferox (But«o), 535.
ferruginea (Erolia). 549.
ferruniequinum (Rhinolophus), 51.
ferus (Felis), 06.

finschi (Haematopus). 170.
flabelliformis (Caconiantis), 10, 17.

i. ^H )

flammea (Eubordeta). 598.

— (Meliana), 148.

— (Strix), 528.
flamnieus (Eubordeta). 597.
flammifera (Pareuplexia). 143.

flava (Motacilla). 19, 460. 462, 467, 469, 499.

flavicornis (Argyroeides), 42.

fiavicostale (Cosmosoma), 33.

flavipunctum (Acorynus), 95.

flaviventer (.\rctomy.'i), 79.

flaviventris (Platycercus), 14.

flavopicta (Delias), 593.

flav-oplagiata (.Automolis), 157.

flavosignata (Paraetliria). 41.

floccosa (.\ristida), 461.

floris (Spizaetus), 170.

fluckigeri (Lanius), 501, 502.

— (Passer), 479-81.
fluviatilis (Podieeps), .550.
foersteri (Henicophaps), 168.
forsteri (Aptenodytes), 3.
fraenatu.s (Burhinus), 8.
frater (Delias), 585.
Fringilla, 21, 477, 478.
fringillae (Ceratophyllus), 74.

— (Pulex), 74.
frontalis (Sterna), 4.
frugilegus (Gorvus), 125, 127.
Fruticicola, 21.

fuciformis (Haemorrhagia), 470.
fulgidus (Banksianus), 13.

— (Psitt.richa.s), 13.
Fulica, 545.
fuligincsus (Delias), 588.

— (Litocerus), 106.
fuligula (Nyroca), .542.
fulva (Samia), 130.
fulvescens (Gerygone), 165.
fulvus (Crateropus), 467, 469, 511.

— (Gyps). .530.

funebris (Laniarius), 605, 606.

— (Melittia), 46.
furo (Mustela), 77.
fuscipes (.irgyrocides), 42.

gafsae (Galerlda), 489.

galactotes (Agrobates), 510.

Galerida, 457, 459, 460, 465, 466, 470, 485,

488-94.
Galerita, 496.
galilejensis (Apus), 523.
gallicus (Circaetus), 471, 537.

— (Glareola), ,548.
gallinacea (Parra), 7.
gallinaceiis (Echidnophaga), 61.

— (Hydralector), 7.

gallinaceus (Irediparra), 7.

— (Sareop.syllus), 61.
gallinae (reratopln'llus), 67, 73,

— (Pulex), 59, 73.
Gallinago. 548.
gallinago (Gallinago), 548.
GaUinuIa. 3. .54.5.

galUnuIae (Ceratophyllus), 74, 552.

— (Ceratopsyllus), 74,
Gallirallus, 22.
Gallus. 73.

garleppi (Cosmosoma), 31.

— (Homoeoeera), 156.

— (Pseudosphex), 24.
garrula (Coracias), 467, 514.
Garrulus, 125, 472, 473.
garrulus (Coracias). 525.
Garzetta, 169, 170.
gaudens (Aegeria), 46.
geoffroyi (Ochthodromus), 163.
geometricus (AcorjTius), 102.
Geopelia, 162.

geraldina (Delias), 589.

Gerbillus, 63, 65.

gennana (Teucer), 43.

Gerygone, 23, 165.

getulus (Meriones), 458, 517.

gibrahariensis (Phoenicurus), 462, 519.

gigas (Clirysocale), 39,

girrenera (HaUastur), 10.

githaginea (Erythrospiza). 465, 477.

gitonus (Acorynus), 96.

glabriceps (Merarius). 106.

glaciabs (Hoplopsyllus), 57, 68.

— (Lepus), 68.

— (Pulex), 68.

glandarius (Garrulus), 125, 472, 473,
Glareola, 519, 548.
glareola (."^rvieola), 81.

— (Tringa), 549.
glareolus (Microtua), 81.
Glaucopis. 22.

glaux (Atliene), 467, 529.
glis (Myoxus). 78. .5.54.
globiceps (Pulex), 70.

— (VermipsjUa), 70.
Glottis. 163.
Gnaplialium, 487. 507.
gnoma (Episcepsis), 44.
goensi.s (Lobivanellus), 4.

— (Sarcogrammus), 4.
goliathina (Charmosj-na), 160.
gon'ocephalus (Pulex), 66.
gouldi (Circus), 10.

— (Dupeter), 9.
gracilis (Falco), 537.

— (Palaeopsylla), 84, 85, 552.

( Ol-'^ )

gracilis (Typhlopsylla), 84.
grallarius (Burhinus), 8.
Grallina, 18.

grandis (Hypselotropis), 92.
Graphiptenis, 45!).
Graucalus, 17, 166.
grisescens (Sesamia), 148.
grossiventris (Malacopsylla), 60.

— (Pulex), 69.

grus (Megalornis), 54C.
guttata (Mecocerina), 112-14.
guttatus (C'edus), 111.

— (Stenodactylus), 4.59.
guttulatus (Cedus), 111.
guyoniana (Euphorbia), 507.
guyonianum (Limoniastrum), 459,
Gymnelia, 27, 28, 156.
Gymnorhina. 123
Gynandrocerus, 90, 91.
Gypaetus, 531-3.

Gyps, 530.

Haematopus, 170.
Haemorrhagia, 470.
Halcyon, 165, 170.
halepensis (Pinus). 5.34, 537.
Haliaetus, 164.
Haliastur, 10.
Halisidota, 158.
Halocnemon. 459. 510.
halophila (Oenanthe), 517.

— (Saxicola), 517.
Haloxylon, 466.
hampsoni (Episoepsis), 43.
hannibal (Protoparce). 135.
hapalina (Delias), 583.
harfordi (Pareuplexia), 143.
haroldi (Cymbalophora), 465.
harterti (Alauda), 497, 514.

— (Galerida), 465. 485-95.

— (LuUula), 490.
Hectopsylla, 60, 01.
Helianthemum, 498.
Heliconisa, 133.
helictu.s (Litocerus), 102.
Helodromas, 5.
heraapteru.s ((larnus), 138.
Hemischizu.s, .566, 571.
Henioophap.s, 108.
herba-alba (Artemisia), 406.
hercules (Rhescyntis), 134.
Herodias, 164.
Herpestea, 63.

Hesperoctenes, 559, 500, 508. 576, 578.
Heteractitis, 5, 103.
Iieterisa (.\bisara), 595,

Heteroscelus, 5.

hexactenus (Ceratopsyllus), 53, 88.

— {Ischnop.syUus), 53, .54, 50, 88.

— (Pulex), 58.
biaticula (Charadrius), 5, 6.
Hieraaetus, 10.

hilgerti (Galerida), 457, 405, 488, 492-0.

— (Palpangula), 462.
Himantopus, 7, 163, 548.
himantopus (Himantopus), 648.
Hippolais, 402.

birtum (Helianthemum), 466, 498.
hirundinis (Ceratophyllus), 52, 72.
Hirundo, 72, 73, 467, 522.
bispanica (Oenanthe), 400, 401, 463, 405, 516.

— (Saxicola), 514, 516.
hispaniolensis (Passer), 479-82.
hispida (Nycteris), 575, 576.
Histixea, 39.

hoedti (Rbipidura), 165.
hoffmannsi (Calonotos), 40.

— (Diptilon), 42.

— (Histixea), 39.
hollandiae (Menura), 17.
bomochroa (Oenanthe), 515.
Homoeocera, 150.
homospilus (Acorynus), 95.
Hoplopsyllus, 57, 08.
bortensis (Sylvia), 500.
hortulana (Emberiza), 407, 483.
horvatbi (Adroctenes), 570, 577.
hospitonides (Papilio), 463.
Houbara, 400, 511, .546.
Hucus, 107, 110.

bumeralis (Ninox), 10.

humilis (Pareujilexia), 144.

hyaenac (Pulex), 52, 70.

Hyalobole, 141, 142. .

Hydraleetor, 7.

Hydrous, 400.

hymenopteridia (Psilopleura), 30.

hypocala (Eubordeta), 596, 597, 599.

Hypolais, .504-6.

hypoleuca (Mnscicapa), 462, 467, 503.

— (Tringa), .549.
hypoleucus (Actitis), 549.

— (Graucalu.s), 100.

— (Totanus), 549.
bypomelas (DeUas), 589, 590.
Hypomolis, 1.58.
hypopbaea (Teucer), 43.
bypoxantlia (Pseudacraea), 137.
bypoxanthus (Pbloeobius), 91.
Hypselotropis, 92.
Hypsibates, 7.

hypsonielas (Delias), 589.
Hystrichopsylla, 85, 80.

( filfi )

icanus (Mecotropis), 04.
Icharia, 30.
Ichneumenoptera, 47.
ichneumon (Herpestes), 03.

— (ViTerra), 03.

ichneumonoides (Cosmosoma). 34.
icterina (Hypolais), .504, .50.5.
iltis (Delias), 582, 58.3.
iniperator (Melittia), 45.
incanus (Heteractitis). 103.
inciuida (Eubordeta). 5fl7.
iivlescripta (Polyctenes). 500.
indica (Parra), 7.

— (Viverra), 07.
indicus (Oedienemus), 548.
inermis (Megapsylla), 09.
ines (.Melanargia), 403.
inornata (Sylvia). .508, 509.
inornatus (Cuculus), 10.

— (Pycnonotus), .502.
inquieta (Scotocerca), 510.
insignis (Ceratopsylla), 88.

— (llyodop.sylla), 88.
insularis (Amadina), 167.

— (Taeniopygia), 107.
in.sulariim (Oedienemus), 547.
intercedens (.Athene), 529.
intermedia (Palaeopsylla), 84.

— (Porzana), 545.

— (Typhlopsylla), 84.
intermedius (Ceratopsylla), 87.

— (Eoctenes), 571, 574, 575.

— (Isclmopsyllus), 53, 50, 87, 554.

— (Polyctenes), .557, 500, 574.
interpres (Morinella), 103.
Irediparra, 7.

irritans (Ctenocephalus), 58.

— (Pulex), .58, 59, 02, 07, 551.
Isabella (Stiltia), 104.
isabellina (Ammimianes), 487.

— (Galerida). 493. 490.
Isantlirene, 25, 20.
Isehnopsyllus, 52-4, 87. 88. 554.
isidis (Pulex), 05.

— (Xenopsylla), 05.
isocharis (Delias), 581.
ispida (Alcedo), 525.
itala (Calandrella), 480.

— (Melanocoryplia), 480.
italiae (Passer), 479-81.
itamputi (Delias), 589.
iturina (.\er,aea), 1.50. 151.

jaculus (Alactaga), 79.
jaguarondi (Felis), 07, 68.
janira (Protoparce), 135.

jardinii ((Jorethrura), 3.
jasius (Charaxes), 457.
javanica (Dupetor), 9.
joruUoides (Rothscbildia), 129.
jubata (Lschnopsyllus), 53.
jugurtha (Falco), 407. 514, 537.
.Tvnx, 400-62. .526.

kabylaria (Leucanites), 402.
kal)yl(.rum (Troglodytes). 521
kakana (Aeraea), 151).
katinka (Loepa), 131, 1.32.
kirchhoffi (.Strix), 528.
kisserensis (Gerygone), 165.
klagesi (Episcepsis), 44.

— (Loxophlebia), 29.

— (Pseudosphex). 24.

— (Psilopleura). 30.

— (Sarosa). 27.
koenigi (Caccabis), 545.

— (Fringilla), 478.

— (Garrulus), 472, 473.
kohauti (Chaetopsylla), 70.
koUibayi (Apus), 523.
korschun (Milvus), 467, 409, 536.
kuenovvi (Pseudacraea), 137.
kummeri (Delias), .581, 585.

lagopus (Canis), 07, 70.

Lalage, 100.

Lamprocorax, 20.

Laniarius, 0t)5, 0O6.

Lanius, 17. 407, 469-,500, 502.

lanugicornis (Xylinades), 90.

larina (Ecbidnophaga). 01.

Larus, 550.

Latliamus, 14, 15.

latipes (Zygaenodes), 002, 003.

laverani (Ceratophyllus), 78, 552.

leadbeateri (Cyclopsitta), 11.

ledouci (Parus), 500.

leitensis (Acorynus), 99.

lemnus (Myodes), 78.

lemoulti (Gymnelia), 156.

Lemuricedus, 107-10.

leo (Felis), 07.

leopardina (Micronaelia). 155.

lepidus (Mucronianus), 114.

Leptoloplius, 12, 13.

Leptopsylla, 85, 554.

Lepus, 66, 68.

lettiensis(Ptilinopus), 101, 162.

— (Zosterops), 100, 107.

Leucanitis. 402,

leucias (Delias), 584.

( 617 )

leucobalia (Delias), 585.
leuoocephalus (Himantopus), 103.
leuoogaster (HaliaeUis), 164.
leucogastra (Sylvia), 507.
leucogenys (Petaurista), 78.
leucomelas (Turdus), 61.
leucophaea (Climactcris). 18.
leucopya (Oenantlie), 518, 519.
leucopyga (Saxicola), 469, 518.
leucorhoa (Oenantlie), 51.3.
leueosternus (Haliastur), 10.
Leucotomis, 30.

leucura (Oenantlie), 457, 463, 465, 517-19.
leucurus (Oenantlie), 518.

— (Turdus), 20.

lewisi (Mecocerina), 111.

ligatua (Acorynus), 98.

lignicolor (Cosmosoma), 35

ligyrus (Sympaeetoi), 116.

limnaetus (Spizaetus). 170.

Limnobaenus, 546.

Limnodromus, 22.

Limoniastrum, 458, 459, 497, 498, 507, 510, 537,

545.
Limonites, 163.
Limosa, 6.

lineolatus (Acorynus), 95.
Lithostege, 402.
Litocerus, 99-106.
littoralis (Episcep.sis), 44.
liturato (Zygaenodes), 602.
lituratus (Zygaenodea). 602, 603.
livia (Golumba), 73, 543.
lobata (Tringa), 5.
lobatus (Lobibyx), 5.

— (Lobivanellus), 4.

— (Vanellus), 5.
Lobibyx, 4, 5.
Lobiranellus, 169.
lobivanelhi.s (Lobibj'x), 4.
Loboparadisea, 159.
Loemop.'iylla, 63-5.
Loepa, 131, 132.

lofua (Acraea), 150.
londiniensis (Ceratophyllu.'?), 5.52.
longicaudatus (Pulciiius), 79.
longiceps (Nycterido))sylla), 89.
longicoUis (Nesaiara), 001.
Longicornis, 470.
longicornis (ParapsylUis). 57, 69.

— (Pulex), 09.
longipennis (Calandrclla), 480.

— (Calonotoa), 40.
longirostris (Haematopus), 170.
longirostrum (Corvus), 126.
Lopholaimus, 16.

lotus (Zizyphus), 406, 500.

Loxia, 5, 475.
Loxoplilebia, 29, 30.
lucidus (Bubulcus), 539.
luetuosa (Delias), .584.
lugens (Oenantlie), 517. 518.

— (iSaxicola), 517.

lugubris (Rhyncliastatus), 005.

LuUula, 494, 490.

lunaris (Nyceryx), 599.

lunatus (Melithreptus), 19.

lunula (Samia), 130.

lunulatus (Melitbreptus), 19.

Luscinia, .520.

lutea (Rothschildia), 129.

luteistigma (Pareuplexia), 144.

lutzi (Rhopalop.syllus), 08.

luzonicus (Acorynus), 99.

Lymantria, 402.

lynceus (Cedocus). 110.

lyra (Megaderma), 509, 571, 574.

lyrae (Euroctenes), 509.

— (Polyctenes), 509. 570.

macassarensis (Nessiara). 001.
maccoyi (Cyclopsitta), 11.
machaon (Papilio). 463.
Machetes, 549.
macleayii (Halcyon), 165.
Macrocorax, 125.
macrophthalmus (Litocerus). 10(!.
Macropygia, 162.
Macrorliamphus, 22.
macrorhyncha (Corvus), 125.

— (Galerida), 465. 470, 488-96.
Macrotarsus, 7.

macrourus (Circus), 536.
macrura (Felis), 68.
madeirensis (Petronia), 479.
m.adraspatana (Glareola), 7.
magna (Macropygia), 102.
magnirostris (Burhinus), 8.

— (UrocLssa), 125.
raagnus (C'anutus), 7.
maior (Parus), 07. 73.
major (Dendrocopua), 526.

— (Parus), 62, 500.
Malacopsylla, 57, 69, 70.
nialdivarum (Olareola), 7.

— (Trachelia). 7.
Mallophaga, 574.
mansya (Acraea). 153.
Mareca, 542.

marginalis (Coretlirura), 546.

— (Crex), 546.

— (Porzana), 546.

— (RaUus), 546.

( 618 )

marginata (Acraea), 153.
marginatiis (Cvnopterus), 572. 574.
maritima (Trinpa). 6.
marmorata (Litliostege), 462.
maroceanus (Phalacrocorax), 539.
marorhynclia {(lalerida), 465.
mars (CraneopsyUa), 121, 122.
marsupialis (Didelphis), 67.
Martes, 77.

martis (C'tenocephaIu.s). .58
matliani (Autochloris), 27.

— (Cosmosoma), 31.

— (Sphecosoma). 2.5.
Mathewsia, 8.
maugeus (Geopelia). 162.
maura (Archaeopsylla), 551.
mauretanica (Jyns), 461, 526.
mauritanica (C'erthia), 499.

— (Pica), 473.

— (Strix), 527.

mauritanicum (Syrnium), 527.
mauritanicus (Tliestor), 465.

— (Turdus), 512, 513.
maurus (Rothschildia), 129, 130.
maxiraus (Rallina), 2.
meander (Rhescyntis), 1.34.
Mecocerina, 111-14.
Mecocerus, 101.
Mecotropis, 93, 94.

medea (Saturnia). 133.

— (Saturniodes), 132. 133.
mediogrisea (CucuUia), 140.
medius (Antluis), 167.
meeki (C'yclopsitta), 160

— (Delias), 581, 592, 593.

— (Eubordeta), 597.
megaeore (Loepa). 132.
Megaderma, 569, 571, 572, 574.
Megalopterus. 4.
Megalornis, 546.

megalotis (Otocyon), 67.
Megapodius, 161.
Megapsylla, 69.
megarhynchos (Luscinia). .520.
megellanicns (C'anis), 68.
melaina (Acraea), 152, 153.
Melanargia, 463.
melanaiiclien (Sterna). 163.
mclanocephala (Sylvia), 507, 526, 527.
Melanocoryplia, 409, 485, 486.
melanoleiicus (Phalacrocorax), 109.
melanops (Coracina), 17

— (Corvus), 17.

— (Graucalus), 17, 166.
melba (Apus), 458, 522.
Meles, 70, 78.
Mcliana, 148.

melianoides (Acrapex), 147.

Meliornis, 19.

melis (Ceratophyllus), 78.

— (Pulex), 78.
Melithreptus, 19.
Melittia. 45, 46.
mclophilus (Dandalus), 521.
Menura, 17.

Meoneura, 139.

Merarius, 106.

meridense (Cosmosoma), 36.

meridionalis (Caprimulgus), 463, 523.

— (Cinclus), 521.

— (Hirundo), 522.
Meriones, 458, 517.

Merops, 105, 458, 467, 524, 525.

merula (Tiirdus), 512, 5.52.

mesoblema (Delias), 584.

Mesolasia, 41.

Mesopsylla, 57, 79

mesotaenia (Acorynus), 97.

Mesotlien, 45.

metallica (Pareuplexia), 144.

metallicum (Cosmosoma), 33

Metocbirus, 84.

Metopidius, 7.

mexicanus (Psilorbinus), 125, 126.

micacea (Eubordeta), 599.

Mioranous, 4.

Microdactyla, 59.

Microdactylus, 11.

Microglossum, 11.

Microglossus, 11.

Micronaclia, 155.

Micropsitta, 11, 12,22.

microsticlia (Delias), 593.

Microtus, 78, 81.

miles (Lobivanellus), 169.

— (Saturniodes), 133.
miltinus (Sympaector), 115.
Milvus, 467, 469. 536.
minor (Agrodronia), 499.

— (Alisterus), 23.

— (Calandrella), 486.

— (Ceratopliyllus), 84.

— (Cinclus), 521, 526, ,527.

— (CJarrulus), 473.

— (Palaeopsylla). 84, 85.
minuta (Ardetta), 539.

— (Erolia), .548.

— (Tringa), 548.
minutillus (Chalcococcyx), 23.
miranda (Eubordeta), 597, 598.

— (Loepa), 131.

mixtus (Ptychoderes), 92, 93.
mocsta (Oenantlie). 405, 407, 510.

— (Saxicola), 459, 516.

( «iy )

Molossus, 567, 569.

molossus (Polyctenes), 566, 567, 569, 570, 572-4.

moluccensis (Tinnimculus), 104.

monedula (Coloeus), 471, 472.

— (Corvus), 125.

mnngolus (Ochthodromus), 163.
monoctenug (Ctenopsyllus), 52.

— (Nycteridopsylla), 56.
montanus (Xylinades), 90.
Monticola, 513, 514.
mordax (Pygiopsylla), 71.
Morecandia, 466.
Morinella, 163.

moriorum (Palaeocorax). 123.

Motacilla, 19, 20, 460, 462, 467, 469, 494,

499.
motteux (Oenanthe), 20.
moussieri (Diplootocus), 514, 519, 520.
Mucronianus, 114.
multicolor (Psephotus), 14.
multigutta (Icharia), 36.
Munia, 167.
murinus (Apus), 458, 523.

— (Merops). 458.

— (Pulex), 63.

Mus, 61-6, 85-7, 120, 552, 554.
Muscicapa, 462, 467, .503.
muscuM (Ceratopliyllus), 77.

— (Ctenocephalus), 58.

— (Ctenophthalmus), 51, 52, 80, 82.

— (Ctenopsyllus), 85.

— (Leptopsylla), 554.

— (Pulex), 58, 85.

musculus (Mu.s), 62, 85, 86, 554, 562.
musicus (.Spermophilus), 78.

— (Turdus), 512.
Mustela, 77, 78.

mustelae (Ceratopliyllus), 77.

— (Pulex), 77.
myodea (Orea), 402.
Myodes, 78.
Myodopsylla, 88.
Myoxus, 78, 552.
myrmecobii (Echidnophaga), 01.
Myzomela, 161.

nais (Delias), 587.

nana (Carduelis), 476.

— (.Sylvia), 461, 507.

nannugo (Synotus). 53

Nanodes, 14.

narbeli (Hystricliopsylla), 86.

Nasiterna. 11, 12,22.

Nasua, 67.

naumanni (Falco), 537.

neagra (Delias), 592.

nebularius (Glottis), 163.

neglecta (Euchromia), 38.

Neophron, 469, 531.

Neopistria, 146.

Ncopsylla, 118.

Ncotoma, 79.

Nesokia, 64, 65.

Nessiara, 99, 601.

nessiarops (Acorynus), 99, 100.

neyi (Delias), 590, .591.

niepelti (Delias), 581, 592, 593.

nigra (Astrapia), 004.

— (Meliornis), 19.

nigrescens (Cosmosoma), 35.

nigricoUis (Podiceps), 550.

nigripalpis (Elwesia), 141.

nigripes (Garzetta), 169, 170.

nigritula (Pareuplexia), 143.

nigriventris (Uromastix), 468.

nigromaculatus (Sympaector), 115.

niloticus (Thalasseus), 549.

Ninox, 10.

nisseni (Zygaena), 470.

nisus (Accipiter), 537.

nitela (Myoxus), 78.

nitida (Pareuplexia), 145.

noctua (Athene), 467, 529.

nohara (Acraea), 153.

nothodes (Charaxes), 137.

nouna (Teracolus), 469.

noraeguineae (Ceratoijhyllus), 71.

— (Pygiopsylla), 71.
noyaehoUandiae (Leptolophus), 13.

— (Lobibyx), 5.

— (Nymphicus), 13.

— (Ptilotis), 19.
nubicus (Pulex), 64.

— (Xenopsylla), 64, 117.
Nucifraga, 125, 126.

numae (Cbiastopsylla), 86, 118.
Numenius, 549.
numida (Athene), 529.
numidicus (Apos), 400.
numidus (Dendrocopus), 526.
Nyceryx, 599, 600.
Nycteribia, 568.
nycteridis (Ctenoplax), 571, 575.

— (Eoctenes), 569, 575, 570.

— (Polyctenes), 559, 574.
Nycteridopsylla, .54-0, 88, 89.
Nycteris, 575, 570.
Nycticorax, 104, 539.
nycticorax (Ardea), 62.

— (Nycticorax), 539.
Nymphicus, 13.
Nyroca, 542.
nyroca (Nj'roca), 542.

( 620 )

oberthueri (Micronaclia), 155.
oberthuri (Loepa), 131.
obliterans (Ancara), 147.
obliterata (Data), 146.
obscura (Emberiza), 483.

— (IschnopsjUus), 56.
obtusiceps (Pulex), 86.
occidentalis (Euchromia), 38.

— (Gyps), 53(1.

— (Tinnunculus), 1G4.
ocbrei-stigma (Pareuplexia), 144.
ochropus (Mecocerina), 114.
ochruros (Phocnicurus), 462.
oclirurus (Phoenicurus), 519.
Ocbthodromus, 5-7, 163.
ockendeni (Episcepsis), 44.

— (PoUopasta), 40.
ocrophus (Aegialitis), 5.

— (Tringa), 6, 549.
ocropus (Totanus), 6.

octactenus (Ceratopsyllus), 52, 53, 87.

— (Ctenopbthalmus), 81.

— (Iscbnopsyllus), 52, 53, 56, 87.
Ocydromus, 22.
Oedicnemus, 547, 548.
oedicnemus (Oedicuemus), 547, 548.
Oenanthe, 20, 457, 459, 460-63, 465, 467. 469,

513-19.
oenanthe (llotacilla), 20.

— (Oenanthe), 20, 460-65, 513.

— (Saxicola), 513, 514.

— (Vititiora), 21.

oenas (Columba), 467, 542.
oenops (Garrulus), 473.
oUvaceus (Akodon), 122.

— (Psophodes), 17.
omrora (Acraea), 150.
onerata (Acraea), 149.
opaca (Hippolais), 462.

— (Hypolais), 505, 506
opalizans (Calonotos), 40.
opossum (Metochirue), 84.
Orea, 462.

orientalis (Ctenopbthalmus), 81, 82.

— (Glareola), 8.

— (Trachelia), 7.

— (Typhopsylla), 82.
Origma, 17.
Oriolus, 474.
oriolus (Oriolus), 474
orites (Rinaca). 131.
ornata (Ptilotis). \'.K
ornatus (Merops), UiS.
oroyanum (Cosmosoma), 31.
orpliea (Sylvia). .WG.
orthosioides (Hyalobole), 142.
Ortygometra, 546.

Oryzomys, 121.

oscari (Acraea), 151.

Otis. 8.

Otocorys. 466, 467, 469.

Otocyon, 67.

ottonis (Ptilinopus), 162.

Otus, 530.

otus (Asio), 528.

owstoni (Amata), 155.

Oxyura, 9.

Oxyurus, U.

Pachycepliala, 161.
pachys (Acorynus), 101.
pacliyuromyidis (Xenopsylla), 63
pagenstecberi (Heliconisa), 133.
pagis (Sympaector), 115, 116.
pais (Acorynus), 102.
Palaeocorax, 123-8.
Palaeopsylla, 84, 85, 552, 553.
Palaeornis, 11.
pallida (Alcedo), 525.

— (Elwesia), 141.

— (Galerida), 490.

— (Hippolais), 462.

— (Hypolais), 505,506.

— (Lullula), 496.

— (Jlunia). 167.
pallidus (C'uculus), 16.

— (Loemopsylla), 63.

— (Pulex), 63.

— (Xenopsylla), 57, 03.
palpalis (Rhopalopsyllus), 69.
Palpangula, 462.
palumbus (Columba), 542.
Papilio, 463.
Paradigalla, 159.
paradoxa (Oenanthe), 515.
Paradoxurus, 68.
Paraethria, 41.

parambae (Cosmosoma), 35.
Paranthrene, 46.
Paraphloeobius, 603.
Parapsyllus, 57, 69.
Pardalotus, 19.
Pareuplexia, 142-5.
Pariodoutcs, 65.
parisbi (Eurota), 37.
Parotia, 159.
Parra, 7.

Parus, 62, 67, 73, 462, .'500.
Passer, 74, 461, 462, 479-82.
patagonica (Aptenodytes), 3.
paula (Me.solasia), 41.
pechi (Euchloe), 463, 464, 470.
pecquctii (Dasyptilus), 13.

( 'Wl )

peccjuetti (Psittacus), 13.
pectoralLs (Sarciophorus), 4.
Pediculus, 468.
pelecanoides (Sterna), l(i2.
Pelecanu.s, 169.
pelias (Rhescyntis), 134.
pellenia (Protoparce), 135.
Pelochyta, 1.58.
penelope (Mareoa), 542.
penetrans (Dermatophilus), GO.
penicilliger {Ceratophyllus), 78.

— (Pulex), 78

pennatus (Eutolmaetus), 471, 534.
pentactenus (Oeratopsyllus), 54, 89.

— {Nycteridopsylla). 54-6, 89.

— (Pulex), 58.
perakensis (Litucerus), lUo.
peregrinus (Falco), 538, 539.
percnopterus (Neophron), 531.
perforatus (Taphozous), 574, 575.
periphanes (Acraea), 152, 153.
perplexus (Litocerus), 106
persicus (Merops), 467, 524, 525.
persimilLs (Hucus), 107.
per.sonata (Poephila), 23.

— (Sula), 10.

personatus (Graucalus), 100.
perspioillatiu.s (Artamus), 107
peruviana (Sanninoidia), 47.
Petaurista, 78.

Petronia, 457, 478, 479.

petronia (Petronia), 478, 479.

petrosa (Caocabls), 457, 467, 544, 545.

Phaio, 39.

Phalacrocorax, 169, 539.

Pheia, 29.

pheres (Delias), 388.

philippinensis (Litocerus), 105, 106.

— (Pulex), 63.
philomelos (Turdus), 512.
Phloeobius, 91.
Phloeotragu.s, 92.
Phoenicoprocta, 28, 29.
Phoenieopterus, 541.

phoenicura (.\mmomanes), 459, 469, 488.
Phoeniourus, 401, 462, 519, 520.
phoenicurus (Ammomane.'s), 487.

— (Motacilla), 20.

— (Phoenicurus), 461, 462, 519.
Phyllcscopus, 401, 462, 467, 503, 504.
Pica, 125, 126, 473.

pica (Pica), 473.

picata (Grallina), 18.

Picus, 525.

picturata (Cleophana), 402.

picturatus (Acorynus), 99.

Pieria, 590.

pileatus (Sarciophorus), 4.

Pinus, 534, 537.

Pioenia, 603.

Pipistrellus, 53.

pipistrellus (Pipistrellus), 53.

— (Scotophilus), 87.

Pisorhina, 530.

Pistacia, 466.

placens (Psitteutelea), 10.

plagiata (GymneUa), 156.

plagosus (Chalcococcyx), 23.

Planema, 137.

Platycercus. 13, 14.

platyrhyncha (Auas), 541.

Plecotus, 54.

Plegadis, 541.

plumistraria (Eurrantbis), 514.

plumosa (Gymnelia), 156.

plumulatus (Calonotos), 39.

Pluvialis, 5, 0.

pluvialis (Charadrus), 5, 6.

Podiceps, 5.50.

poeantis (Ceratophyllus), 79.

Poephila, 23.

poliogyna (Loxia), 475.

Poliopasta, 40.

poliopras (Phloeotragus), 92.

Polyctenes, .556-61, 504-78.

polyglotta (Hypolais), 504, 505.

polyodonta (Rhescyntis), 134.

Polyptychus, 135.

pondecerianus (Falco), 10.

porcellus (Chaerocampa), 470.

Porphyrio, 546.

Porzana, 545, 546.

porzana (Porzana), 545.

postflavidus (Amastus), 158.

prasinus (Phloeotragus), 92.

pratensis (.Anthus), 469, 498.

Pratincola, 20, 21, 519, 520.

pratincola (Glareola), 548.

pratti (Dehas), 591.

priori (Polyctenes), 565.

Probosciger, 11.

Procavia, 65.

Prodromus, 0.

proles (Hucus), 107.

protoclea (Charaxes), 137, 138.

Protoparce, 135.

psammocliroa (Gulerida), 485.

Psammornis, 5.50.

Psephotus, 14.

Pseudacraea, 137.

pseudolycia (Acraea), 151.

pseudosphecia (Eumeuogaster), 42.

Pseudosphex, 24.

Psilopleura, 36.

( 6li2 )

Psilorhinus, 125, 12(i.
psittaci (Hectopsylla), 60.
Psittacus, 11, 13, 14.
Psitteuteles. 10.
Psittriclias, 13.
Psophia, 17.
Psophodes, 17.
Pteridopliora, 159.
Pterocles, 511. 543. 544.
Ptilinopus, 161, 162.
Ptilopus, 2.
Ptilosclera, 10.
Ptilotis. 19.
Ptistes, 13, 14.
Ptychoderes, 92. 93.
Purtinus, 4.

pugnax (Machetes), .549.
Pulex, 52, 56, 58, 61-87, 551.
puUuloruui (Pulex), 61.
punctata (Amandava), 21.
punctatus (Acorynus), 96.
punctiplaga (Ancara), 147.
pungens (Aristida), 461, 507.
punicus (Accipiter), 537.

— (Falco), 538, 539.
Pupii)ara, 138.
purpurea (Ardea), 539.
pusilla (Porzana), 545.

— (Trichiura), 157.
Putorius, 79, 82, 84.
putorius (Mustela), 77.

— (Putorius), 84.
Pycnonotus, 502.
pygargus (Circus), 530.

— (Gerbillus), 63.
Pygiopsylla, 71, 72.
pyri (Saturnida), 132.
Pyrrhocorax, 472.
pyrrhocorax (Pyrrliocorax), 472.

— (Upupa), 474.

quadridentatus (Ctenophthalmus), 80.
— (Ctenopsyllus), 52. 85..
quadripuncta (Pareuplcxia), 144.
queenslandica (Ninox). 10.
quinticolor (Munia), 167.

raetam (Retama), 461.

rajah (Litocerus), 105.

Rallina, 2, 3.

ralloides (Ardeola), 539.

Rallus, 3, 545, .546.

randoni (Galerida), 465, 488, 493.

rantus (Acoryuus), 99.

rapax (Aquila). 534.

rattus(Mus), 61, 6.3, 65.
rayi (Motacilla), 460, 499.
rcctangulatus (Ceratophyllus), 78.
reinwardti (Baza), 169.
Rcinwardtoenas, 168.
reiseri (HippolaLs), 462.

— (Hypolais), 505, 506.
reptans (Pulex), 87.
Retama. 461.

rettigi (Ctenophthalmus), 81, 82.
rhaad (Otis), 8.

Rhamphocoryf?. 466-9, 484, 485.
rhanis (llecocerina), 112, 113.
Rhescyntis, 134.
Rhinolophus, 51.
Rhipidura. 165.
rhodina (Rothschildia), 130.
rhodius (Acorynus), 100.
Rhopalopsyllus, 68, 69.
Rhyncliastatus, 605.
Rhynchota, 556, 558.
riggenbachi (Galerida), 489.

— (Pariodontis), 65.

— (Pulex), 65.
Rinaca, 131.
Riparia, 467, 522.
riparia (Cotyle), 72.

— (Riparia), 467, 522.
Robinsonia, 157.
robusta (Coracina), 17.
robustus (Gerbillus). 65.

— (Lanius), 17.
rogersi (Gerygone), 23.
rosacea (Carpophaga), 162.
roseipileum (PtiUnopus), 162.
rosenbergi (Cosmnsoma), 35.

— (Poliopasta), 40.

roseus (Phoenicopterus), 541.
rothscliildi (Astrapia), 604.

— (Delias). 593.

— (Psammornis), 55(1.

— (Vermipsylla), 70.
Rothschildia. 129. 130.
rubecola (Motacilla), 21.
rubecula (Dandalus), 521.

— (Erithacus), 74, 521
rubetra (Fruticicola), 21.

— (Motacilhi). 20.

— (Pratincola), 519.

— (Rubetra), 21.

— (Saxicola), 519.
rubicola (Motacilla), 20.

— (Pratincok), 519.

— (Saxicola), 20, 519.
rubricata (Origma), 17.

— (Sylvia), 16, 17.
rubricatus (Cacomantis), 16.

( 623 )

ruliriviridis (Ancara), 147.
rubroplagata (Eiibordeta), 597.
rubrothorax (Teucer), 43.
rufescena (Loxophlebia), 29.
ruficauda (Aegeria), 40.
ruficeps (Rallus). 3.
ruticollis (Caprimulgus), 523.

— (Limonites), 163.

— (Podiceps), .5.50.
ruficolor (Athene), 529.
ruficosta (Pareuplexia), 142.
rutipes (Mucronianiis). 114.
nilipes (Sphecosoma). 25.
ruKrostris (Psittacus), 11.
rufistigma (Pareuplexia), 144.
rufomerus (Chrysococcyx), 165.
rufula (Cbelidon), 522.
rufulus (Anthu.s), 167.

— (Cacomantu)), 16.

rufus (Acorynus), 99, 100, 115.
rupestris (Riparia), 522.
rustica (Chelidon), 467, 521.

— (Hirundo), 72.

' rustious (Ceratophyllus), 73.

sacer (Falco), 139.

sacra (Demiegretta), 164, 170.

Sagana, 132.

sagessa (Delias), 589.

saharae (Athene), 529.

— (Caprimulgus), 462, 524.

— (Merops), 524.

— (Oedionemus), 547.

— (Passer), 482.

— (Scotocerca), 510.

sahari (Emberiza), 462, 470, 484.

Salicomia, 497.

SaLsola, 458. 497, 498.

samaranus (Acorynus), 99.

Samia, 130.

sancta (Halcyon), 165, 170.

Sanninoidia, 47.

Sarciophorus, 4.

Sarcogrammus, 4.

Sarcopsylla, 59.

Sarcopsyllus, 61.

sarda (Sylvia), 509.

Sarosa, 27.

Saturnia, 132, 133.

Saturniodes, 132, 133.

Saurita, 37

saxatilis (Monticola), 513. 514..

— (Turdus), 20.

Saxicola, 20, 21, 4.59, 463, 465, 469, 513-20
scalaris (Acorynus), 98.
scandens (Climacteris), 18.

scapulatu.s (Oorvus), 125.

— (Platycercus), 13.
schausi (Chrostosoma), 30.

— (Isantbrene), 25.
schoeniclus (Emberiza), 483.
schoenobaenus (Acroceplialus), 5114.
scintillans (Episcepsis), 44.

sciuri (Ceratopsyllus). 51.
sciurorum (Ceratophyllus), 77.

— (Pulex), 59, 77.
Sciurus, 77-9.
Scopolax, 6.

scolopax (Oedicnemus), 547.
scops (Otus), 530.

— (Pisorbina), 530.
scopulifer (Xenopsylla), 65.
Scotocerca, 510.
Scotophilus, 87.

scrofa (Sus), 60.
scutata (Protoparce), 135.
scutellatus (Acanthodactylus), 459.
seebohmi (Oenanthe), 513, 514.

— (Saxicola), 463.
selene (Actias), 130, 131.
semiflava (Loxophlebia), 30.
senator (Lanius), 467, 501, 502.
senegalensis (Streptopelia), 543.

— (Trachelotis), 8.

— (Turtur), 460, 469, 543.
senegallus (Pterocles), 544.
senex (Sterna), 4.

sericea (Loboparadisea), 159.

— (Meliomis), 19.
Serinus, 462, 477.
serinus (Serinus), 477.
serotinus (Vesperus), 89
Sesamia, 148.

setosa (Rhipidura), 165.
sexmaculata (Anthia), 459.
sibilatrix (Pbylloscupus), 461, 503.
sililiima (Loepa), 131, 132.
similis (Data), 145.

— (Palaeopsylla), 85.
slmilhma (Motacilla), 19.
simillimum (Cosmosoma), 33.
simplex (Ischnopsyllus), 53.

— (Passer), 461, 462, 482.
simsoni (Stephanocircus), 87.
sobrinus (Ctenopsyllus), 56,
Solenoglossus, 11, 22.
solitaria (Nasua), 67.

— (Origma), 17.
soUtarius (Monticola), 513.
sordidus (Episcepsis), 44.
sorecis (Ceratophyllus), 85.

— (Palaeopsylla), 84, 85.
Sorex, 77, 78, 85.

41

( 624)

spalacis (Clenn|iliUiulmus), 82, 83.
Spalax. 63. 83. 84.
spasma (Megaderma), 572, 574.
spasmae (Eoetenas). 571-5.

— (Polyctenes), 556. 572
Spatula, 542.

spatzi (Caccahis), 457, 467, 544, 545.

— (Pratincola), 510.

— (Saxicola). 519.
speculigera (Mu.scicapa), 503.
spermologus (Coloeus), 472.
Spermophilus, 78.
.Sphecia. 45.
iSphecosoma, 24, 25.
Spilopsyllus, ,58, 66.
spilosus (Eugigas), 601.
spilota (Palpangula), 462.
spinoletta (Anthus), 499.
spinosus (Ceratophyllus), 73.
spinus (Carduelis), 476.
Spizaetus, 170.
splendidus (Platycercus), 14.
spodiogenys (Fringilla), 478.
sporadis (Acorynus), 95, 96.
Sporaeginthus, 21.
Squatarola, 163.
squatarola (Squatarola), 163.

— (Vanellus), 6.
.stagnatilLs (Tringa), 549.
steinbachi (Cosmasoma), 33.

— (Phoenicoprocta), 29.

— (Pseudosphe.x). 24.
stellae (Charmosyna), 160.
Stenodactylus, 459.
Stephanocircus, 86, 87, 120, 122.
Stephanopsylla, 122.

Sterna, 4, 162, 163, 549.

Stictoptera, 20.

stigmatophora (CucuUia), 140.

Stiltia, 164.

Stipa. 461, 465, 466, 545.

Stizoptera, 20.

stolidus (Anous), 4.

straminea (Palpangula), 462.

streperus (Acrocephalus), 504, 508.

Streptopelia, .543.

striata (Muscicapa), 467, 5U3.

— (Sterna), 4.

— (Timona), 462.
striatus (Faleinellus), 160.

— (Hucu,s), 107.

— (PardalotUb), 19.

— (Pulex), 52, 70.

striolata (Emberiza), 462, 470, 4S4.
Strix, .527-9.

strobilaceum (Ualucncmuu), 459.
Struthiu, 550.

stuarti (Coamosoma), 34.

Sturnus, 74. 467. 474.

styx (Ceratophyllus), 72.

suavis (Mecoeerina), 114.

subalpina (Sylvia), 508.

subarquata (Tringa). 164, .549.

subbuteo (Faico), 467, 514, 537.

subcristata (Baza), 169.

suecica (Motacilla), 20.

Sula. 9. 10.

sulcicoUis (Acorynus). 97.

sumatrana (Ardea). 164.

superba (Mcnura). 17.

superflua (Galerida). 490-2, 494.

surinamensis (Automolis), 158.

Sus. 60.

svecica (Luscinia), .520.

swainsonii (Psittaous), 13.

syenitica (Oenantbe). 457, 465, 517, 518.

sylla (Rhescyntis), 134.

sylvaticus (Mus), 554.

Sylvia, 16, 17, 460-62, 467, 469, 506-10, 526,

527.
Sympaector, 115, 116.
Syncrotus, 566, 571, 572
synetica (Oenanthe), 463.
Syrnium, 527.

Tachyris, 589.

Tadoma, 541.

tadorna (Tadoma), 541.

Taeniopygia, 167.

Talpa, 58, 80-84, 552.

talpa (Polyctenes), 560, 565, 572.

— (Syncrotus). 572
talpae (Ctenocephalus), 58.

— (Ctenophthalmus), 51, 80, 81.

— (Hystrichopsylla), 86.

— (Palaeopsylla), 85.

— (Pulex), 58. 86.
Talpocliares, 462.
Tamarix, .5tlO, .501.
Taniia.s, 79.

tanypterus (Falco), 538.
Taphozous, 574, 575.
tarapotensis (Cosmosuma), 33.
tatera (Gerbillus), 63.

taxu.s (.Meles), 70.
tenacis.sima (Stipa). 461, 465.
tenuirostris (Megaloptcrus), 4.

— (Numenius), 549.

— (PuffinUB), 4.

— (Sterna), 4
Teracolus, 4()9.
Terekia, 5.

terrestris (Bumbus), 81, 80.

( 625 )

terrestris (Pulex). 86.
tesquorum (Ceratophyllus). 78.
tetractenus (Ceratopsyllus), 54.

— (Ischnopsyllus), 5(i.

— (Nycteridopsylla), 55, 5G.
Teucer, 42, 43.

teuthras (Cosmosoma), 35.

Thalasseus, 549.

thalpophiloides (Data), 145, 146.

theklae (Galerida), 457-66, 470, 485-96.

th^ryi (Zygaena), 470.

Thestor, 465.

thetis (Episcepsis), 43.

thomasi (Stephanopsylla), 122.

thomasiua (Xylinades), 90.

tliomensis (Gynandrocerus), 90.

tigrinus (Turtur), 162.

Timoua, 462.

timoren.sis (Ghalcophaps), 170.

timoriensis (Ardea), 164, 169.

— (Ghalcophaps), 162

— (Herodias), 164.

— (Lalage), 166.
timorlaoensis (Graucaliis), 166.

— (Macropygia), 162.
tiugitanus (Gorvus), 471.

— (Passer), 479-82.
Tianunculus, 164.
tinuQCulus (Falco), 138, 538.
Tiracola, 142.

tithys (Motacilla), 20.

— (Phoenicurus), 519.
Tolypeutes, 69.

tolypeutis (Malacopsylla), 57, 69.
toni (Sylvia), 510.
torquata (Palaeornis), 11.

— (Saxicola), 519.
torquatus (Astur), 104.

— (Gracticus), 18.
torquilla (Jynx), 460-62, 526.
tortus (Xeaopsylla), 65.
torvus (Pygioi^sylla), 71.
Tetanus, 6, 549.
Trachelia, 7.
Trachelotis, 8.

Trichiura, 41, 157.

Trichopsylla, Gii.

trichosa (Chaetupsylla), 70.

— (Vermipsylla), 70
Triohosuius, 61.
tricolor (Lalage), 166.

— (Paraphloeobius), 603.
Tringa, 5, 6, 164, 548, 549.
trinitatis (Sphecosoma), 24.
tripunctata (Calonotos), 40.
triseriata (Paraetliria), 41.
tnvialis (Authus), 460, 461, 498.

trochilus (Phylloscopus), 504.
Troglodytes, 74. 521.
troglodytes (Troglodytes), 74, 521.
tryhanei (Isanthrene), 26.
tschusii (Jynx), 526.
tucumana (Protoparce), 135.
Turdus, 20, 61, 512, 513, 552.
Turtur, 162, 460, 469, 543
turtur (Streptopelia), 543.

— (Turtur), 469, 543.
tylleri (Paradoxurus), 68.
Typhlopsylla, 81-4.
typhlus (Gtenophthalmus), 83.

— (Spalax), 84.
tyrrhenica (Muscicapa), 503.
Tyto, 528.

ultramarinus (Parus), 462, 500.
ultramontana (Certhia), 499.
umbrinus (Gorvus), 471.
undata, 510.

undulata (Houbara), 546.
unicolor (Stumus), 467, 474.
unidentatus (Gtenophthalmus), 52.
unimacula (Phaio), 39.
Upupa, 461, 467, 472, 525.
uralensis (Geratophyllus), 77, 78.
urbica (Hirundo), 72, 73, 467, 522
— (CheUdoQ), 72.
Urocissa, 125, 126.
Uromastix, 467, 468.

Tagans (Anas), 9.
Vaginalis, 21.
vaillantii (Picus), 525.
Vanellus, 5, 6, 456, 548.
vanellus (Vanellus), 6, 548.
variegatus (Litocerus), 106.
variolosus (Gaoomantis), 16.
venator (Anthia), 459.
venatum Gosmosoma), 34.
Vermipsylla, 70.
versicolor (Psitteuteles), 10.

— (Ptilosclera), 10.

— (Turdus), 61.
Vespertiho, 89.
vespertilionis (Gtenocephalus), 58.

— (Pulex), 56, 58, 59.
Vesperugo, 55, 89.
Vesperus, 89.

vestimentum (Pediculus), 468.
vigetus (Loemopsylla), 65.
vilha (Gosmosoma), 34.
virgatus (lluous), 107.

virgo (Anthr^)poides). 516.

( (i26 )

viridicingulatum (Cosmosoma), 32.

viscivorus (Turdus), 512.

Vitiflora, 20.

vitrina (Dicladia). 37.

Titticollis (Acorynus), 101.

Viverra, 63, 67.

vulgaris (Meles), 78.

— (Sciurus), 77, 78.

— (Sorex), 85.

— (Sturnus). 74, 474.
vulpecula (Trichosurus), 61.
Vulpes, 70.

vulpes (Pulex), 70.

— (Vermipsylla), 70.

witherbyi (Pulex), 63.
wolffhuegeU (Craneopsylla), 120.
wolffsohni (Craneopsylla), 120, 121.

Xantliocnus, 8.

xantliogaster (Ptilinopus), 162.

xanthomelaena (Oenanthe), 516.

xanthurus (Acorynus), 98.

xenoceroides (Mccocerina), 11113.

Xenocerus. 94.

Xenopsylla, .57, 63-5, 89, 117.

Xenus, 5.

Xylinades, 90.

wahnesi (Euchromia), 38.
walkeri (Ceratophyllus), 78.
wallacii (Astur), 164.
warionis (Cleophana), 469.
watsoni (Saurita), 37.
weiskei (Abisara), 595.

— (Delias). 584, 585.

— (Tachyris), 589.
whiteheadi (Sytnpaector), 115.
wilemani (Amata), 154.
williamsi (Alactaga), 82.
witherbyi (Dandalus), 521.

ypsilon (Litoceru.s), 104.
yunnanensis (Amata), 155.

Zamenis, 459.

zedlitzi (Erythrospiza), 477.

zeylanicus (Rallina), 2.

Zizyphus, 466, 469, 500, 501, 509. 511, 537.

Zosterops, 161, 166.

zuleika (Rinaca), 131.

Zygaena, 456, 457, 470.

Zygaenodes, 602.

( 027 )

SPECIAL INDEX

TO MATHEWS' REFERENCE-LIST TO THE
BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA.

Acanthagenys, 420.
Aoanthiza, 332. .340-53, 355, 357.
Acanthogenys, 420.
Acanthorhynchus, 397, 398.
Acanthornis, 353.
Aceipiter, 246.
Acrocephalus, 342, 343.
acuminata, (Pisobia), 222.
acuminatus (Totamis), 222.
acuticauda (Amadina), 432.

— (Poephila), 432.
Adamastor, 201.
adamastor (Procellaria), 201.
adelaidae. (Platycercus), 270.
adelaidensi.s (Melithreptu.s), 391.
adscitus (Platycercus), 271.

— (Psittacus), 271.
Aegialitis, 217.
Aegintha, 430-32.
Aegotheles, 283, 284.
aequinoctialis (Puffinus), 201, 202.
aeruginosus (Circus), 244.
Aestrelata, 202, 203.
aethereus (Phaethon), 242.
aethiopicus (IbLs), 227.

affinis (Eidop.saru.s), 394.

— (Melithreptus), 394.

— (Milvus), 249.

— (Oriolua), 4.35.

— (Pardalotus), 387.

— (Phaps), 188.
Agrodroma, 424.
Ailuroedu.s, 438, 439.
alba (Egretta), 230.

— (Fulica), 452.

— (Gygis), 211.

— (Motacilla), 424.

— (Tyto), 2.5G.
albani (Cuculus). 293.
albaria (Nino.x), 447.
albata (Neositta), 379.

— (Sittela), 379.
alberti (Menura), 298.

— (Ptiloris), 441.

albicans (Petroica), 304.
albicapillus (Melithreptus), 391.
albicauda (Rhipidura), 319.
albicillus (Haliaeetus), 248.
albicollis (Melithreptus), .391.
albicruralis (Gymnorhina), 372.
ail>ifrons (Acanthiza), 340.

— (Epthianura), 340, 341.

— (GUoiphila), 399.
albigularis (Gerygone), 308.

— (Poecilodryas), 312.
albiloris (Calamanthus), 336.
albipennis (Entomyzon), 422.

— (Nettapus), 236.

— (Petrophassa), 189.
albirostris (Aquila), 247.
albiscapa (Rhipidura), 318.
albiventris (Acanthiza), 348.

— (Artamus), 367.

— (Meliphaga), 399.

— (Monarcha), 324.

— (Zosterops), 384.
albivitta (Procelsterna), 210.
albo-auricularis (Stigmatops), 403.
albogularis (Caprimulgus), 290.

— (Certhionyx), 401.

— (Entomophila), 401.

— (Eurostopodus), 290.

— (Gerygone). 308.

— (Melithreptus), 392.

— (Psilopus), 308.

— (Zosterops), 450.
alboides (Astur), 246.
albostrigatus (Cuculus), 293.
albovittatus (Ocypterus), 368.
albus (Falco), 245.

— (Phaeton), 243.

— (Porpliyrio), 4.52.
Alcedo, 285, 286, 448.
Alcyone, 285, 286.
alecto (Monarclia), 324.
Alectura, 177, 178.
alexandrae (Cliraacteris), 381.

— (Petroica), 305.

( 628 )

alexandrae (Polytelis), 268.

— (Tyto), 256.

— (Zonaeginthus), 428.
alexandrensis (Ptilotis), 409.
alexandri (Notophoyx), 231.
alexis (Philemon), 422.
Alisteranus, 433.

alisteri (Cincloramphus). 339.

— (Ginclosoma). 33(t.

— (Megalurus), 34.').

— (.MeUtlireptu.s), 394.

— (Phaps), 189.

— (Rhipidura), 318, 319.
Alisterus, 209.
alUgator (Ibis), 227.

— (Leucotreron), 183.

— (Myzantha), 418.

— (Pachycephala), 312.

— (Ptilinopus), 183.
alter (Psephotus), 275.
alticeps (Crex), 193.
amabilis (Malurus), 361.
.•\madina, 427, 429, 431-3.
amathusiae (Platycerciis), 271.
amauro-soma (NectrLs). 2(11.
.•\mytis, .364-6.
.\mytoriiis, 365-6.
anaethetus (Sterna), 209.
analoga (Ptiloti.s), 403.
anaphonesis (Barita), 444.
.\nas, 235-40, 454.
andersoni (Ptilotis), 411.
AneUobia, 419. 420.
anhinga (Plotus), 241.
annulosa (.Amadina), 429.

— (Munia), 429.
Anous, 210, 211.
Anser, 235, 236, 454.
Anseranas, 235.
antarctica (Catharacta), 212.

— (Columba), 184.

antarcticus (Lopholairaus), 184, 18,5.
Anthochaera, 418-20.
anthoides (Praticola), 336.
anthopeplus (Palaeornis), 268.

— (Polytelis), 268.

Anthus, 336, 339, 346, 424, 425.
Aplielocephala, 377, 378.
apiaster (Merops), 290.
apioalis (Acanthiza). ,348, .349.
Aplonis, 451.
approximana (.\stiir), 246.

— (Circus), 245.
Aprosmictua. 268, 209.
Aptenodytes, 198.
Apus, 292.

apus (.\pus), 292.

Aquila, 247, 248.

aquila (Fregata), 242.

arborea (CoUocalia), 301.

archibaldi (.Acanthiza), 348.

Ardea, 227, 229-35.

-Ardeiralla, 234.

Ardetta, 233.

."Vrenaria, 222.

argentca (Mathewsia), 227.

argenteus (Cracticus), 375.

argenticepa (Philemon), 422.

— (Tropidorhynclius), 422.
argus (Eurostopodus), 290.
arguta (Strepera), 444.
ariel (.\ttagen), 242.

— (CoUocalia), 302.

— (Fregata), 242.

— (Petrochelidon), .302.

— (Prion), 204.
armillaria (Columba), 191.
armitiana (Poepliila), 432, 433.
Arses, 323, 324.

Artamus, 366-9.

arundinaceus (Acrocephalus), 342.

ashbyi (Malurus), 358.

— (Pachycephala), 313.

— (Pomatorhinus). 336.

— (Sericornis), 356.

— (Sphecotheres), 436.
asiaticus (Xenorhynchus), 229.
assimilis (Cacatoes), 266.

— (Carpophaga), 184.

— (Circus), 244.

— (Epthianura), .341.

— (Hypsibates). 219.

— (Malurus), .360.

— (Megaloprepia), 184.

— (Megapodiu.s), 177.

— (Meliornis), 415.

— (Microeca), 302.

— (Munia), 429, 430.

— (Pardalotus), 387, 388.

— (Puffinus), 200.

— (Rhipidura), 449.
Astur, 245-8.

ater (Dromaius), 175.

— (Melithreptus), 415.
aterrimus (Psittacus). 261, 262.

— (Solenoglossus), 261.
Athene, 254-6.
athertoni (Cuculus), 293.
atra (Fulica), 196.
atrata (.-^nas). 235.

— (Chenopis), 235, 446.
atricapilla (Certhia), 393.

— (Meliphaga). 391.

— (.Munia), 429.

( 520 )

atricapillus (iMelitlireptuR), 394.
Atrichia, 299.
Atrichornis, 299.
atrofuscus (Anous), 211.
atrogaster (Dicaeum), 386.
atropygialis (Allsteranus), 433.

— (Poephila), 433.
Attagen, 242.
audax (.-iquila), 247.

— (Vultur), 247.

aiidoni (Sphecotheres), 430.
augusta (Acanthiza), 350.
augustus (Melithreptus), 393.

— (Platycercus), 273.
aurantia (Euphema), 278.
aurantiirostris (Poephila), 432.
auricomis (Leptolophus), 206, 267.

— (Muscicapa), 408.
auriculata (Certhia), 408.
aurifron.s (Epthianura), 341.
auritus (Nettapus), 236.
Australasia, 2.59.
australasiae (Ardea), 232, 233.

— (Certhia), 395.

— (Nycticorax), 232.

— (Scythrops), 296.
australasiana (Certhia), 414.
australasianus (Grus), 227.

— (Haematopus), 213.

— (Numenius), 220.

— (Otis), 226.

australe (Callocephalon), 263.

— (Choucalcyon), 286.
australis (Acanthiza), 352.

— (Acrocephalus), 342, 343.

— (Aegotheles), 284.

— (Alcyone), 285.

— (Anthus), 424, 425.

— (Ardeiralla), 234.

— (Banksianus), 262.

— (Botaurus), 235.

— (Casuarius), 175, 176.

— (Catheturus), 177.

— (Cereopsis), 236.

— (Chaetura), 292.

— (('haradrius), 218.

— (Choriotis), 226.

— (Cinnyris), 390. 391.

— (CUmacteris), 382.

— (Coreorax), 445.

— (Coturnix), 178, 179.

— (Cypselu.s), 292.

— (Dasyornis), 363.

— (Eudromius), 218.

— (Eudynamis), 296.

— (Eulabeornis), 192.

— (Eurystomus), 284.

australis (Exealfactoria), 179.

— (Fulica), 196.

— (GalUnago), 223.

— (Geobasileus), 352.

— (Glareola), 224.

— (Hypotaenidia), 192.

— (Malurus), 357, 3.58.

— (.Motacilla), 316.

— (Mycteria). 229.

— (Nectarinia), 390.

— (Nyroca), 239.

— (Otis), 226.

— (Oxyura), 239.

— (Pachycephala), 316, 317.

— (Peleeanus), 244.

— (Perdix), 178.

— (Petrochelidon), 301.

— (Podargu.s), 282.

— (Prion), 204.

— (Psittacus), 260.

— (Rhynchaea), 224.

— (Rostratula), 224.

— (Scolopax), 223.

— (Scythrops), 296.

— (Sphecotheres), 436.

— (Tanypus), 371.

— (Trichoglossus), 279.

— (Vanga), 374.

— (Xenorhynchus), 229.

— (Zosterops), 385.
avosetta (Recurvirostra), 219.
axillaris (Elanus), 250, 251.

— (Falco), 250.
aziirea (Alcedo), 285.

— (Alcyone), 285.
azureus (Lathamus). 278.

baileyi (Dierurus), 437.

— (Podargus), 281.
bailloni (Petrodroma), 383.
balgonera (Meliphaga). 414.
balicassius (Dierurus), 437.
balstoni (Serieornis), 356.

— (Zosterops). 384.
bandi (Munia), 429.
banksi (Pachyptila). 204.
^ (Prion), 204.
Banksianus, 262.
banksianus (Psittacus), 279.
banksii (Calypt«rhynehus). 262, 263.

— (Psittacus). 262.
barbata (Meli])haga), 414.

— (Muscicapa). 353.
Barita, 374, 444.

barnardi (Chrysococcyx), 296.

— (Halcyon), 288.

( 030 )

bamardi (Motacilla), 424.

— (Platycercus), 273, 274.
Barnardius, 273.
harrabandi (Psittaeus). 267.
barnini (Malurus), 361.

— (Ptilotis). 406. 407.
Bartramia, 222.

basalis (Chrysococcyx), 2iU. 29.5.
bassana (Sula). 241.
bassi (Diomedea), 206.

— (Dromaeus). 176.
Bathilda, 4.32.
bathyrinchu.s (Lams), 212.
baudinii (Calyptorhynchus), 262.
baueri (Limosa), 220.

— (Psittaeus), 274.
Baza, 251 .

beacotisfieldi (Ptilotis), 407
belcheri (Neoclimia). 434.

— (Poephila), 434.
bella (Loxia), 427.
bellus (Porpliyrio). 196.

— (Zonaeginthus), 426, 427.
bennetti (Corvus), 442, 443.
bergii (Sterna), 208.
berigora (Falco). 2.'>2.

— (leracidea), 252-3.
berneyi (Myzantha), 417.

— (Turnix), 182.
Bernicla, 454.

bernieri (Haematopus), 214.

— (Malurus), 361.
biehenovii (Fringilla). 429.

— (Munia), 429.

bicinctus (Charadrius), 216, 217.

— (Eidop.sanis), 393.
bicolor (Columba), 184.

— (Grallina), 305.

— (Myristicivora), 446.
bilbali (Anthus), 424.
biatriata (Agrodroma), 424.
bistriatus (Anthus), 424.
bivittata (Donacola), 429.
Biziura, 240.

blaauwi (.'^iluroedus), 439.

— (Oriolus), 435.

— (Psephotus), 276.
bonhoti (Corvus), 442.
boobook (Ninox), 254, 255, 447.

— (Strix), 254.
boodang (.\Iuscicapa), 304.
boschas (Anaa), 237.
Botaurus, 2.35.

bourkii (Psephotus), 277.
boweri (Colluricincla), 371.
bowiae (Zosteropa). 384.
brachipua (Rallus), 192.

braohyptera (Sphcnura), 363.
braoliyptt'rus (Podargus), 283.

— (Tvirdus), 363.
Brachyptrallua, 194.
brachyura (Pitta), 298.
bracteatus (Dicrurus), 437.
bravi (Eurystomus), 285.
lirevicauda (Hylacohv), 332.
brevicaudus (Puffinus), 201.
breviceps (.Melithreptus), 391.
brevipes (Totanus), 221.

— (Tringa), 221.
brevirostris (Jleliphaga), 393.

— (Prion), 204.

— (Psilopus), 306.

— (Smicrornia), .306, 307.
broadbenti (Sphenura). 364.
broomei (Astur), 247.

— (Burliinus). 226.

— (Ptilotis), 405.
broomi (Neositta). 380.
brownii (Malurus), 362.

— (Psittaeus). 271.272.
Bruehigayia, 211.
brunnea (Collurieinela), 370.

— (Sericornis), 353.
lirunneicauda (Microcca), 303.
Iirunneipectus (Pseudogerygone), 309.
brunneopygia (Drymodes), 332.
brunneopygius (Sericornis), 354.
brunnescens (Ptilotis), 407.
brunneus (Pyrrholaemus), 353.
bueeroides (Philemon). 422.
bullaragang (.Ardea), 231.
Buphaga, 423.

Burhinus, 225, 226.
Butastur, 248.
Buteo. 250, 254.
Butoride,s, 233.

Cacatoes, 264-6.
Caoatua, 263-5.
Cacomantis, 294.
caerulea (Procellaria). 204.
caeruleicapillus (Malurus), 361.
caerulesoens (Certiiia), 385.
caeruleus (Elanus), 250.

— (Prion), 204.

cairnsensis (Acantliorhyneluia), 397.

— (Gerygone), 309.

— (Sericornis), 354.
cairnsi (Sericornis), 354.
Calamanthus, 336-8, 346.
Calanioherpe, 342.
caleoni (Ptilotis), 413.
caledonicus (Nyctieorax), 232, 233

( ral )

oaledoniciis (Platyeereus), 271.

— (Psittacus), 271.
calei (Haliaeetus), 247.
callaeus (C'liaradriiLs), 215.
caUainus (Malurus), 358, 350.
Callocephalon, 263.
Calodera, 439.
Calopsitta, 267.
CaloptilotLs, 414.
Calornis, 437.

Calyptorhynchus, 262, 263.
oampbelli (Petroica), 303.
Campephaga, 328, 440.
campestris (Calamanthu.s), 337, 338.

— (Praticola), 337.
cana (Certhia), 410.
Candida (GygLs), 211.

— (Sterna), 211.
candidior (.Ar-ses), 324.
candidnm (Daedalion), 245.
candidiLs (Phaeton), 243.
canescena (Monarcha), 325.
canicoUis (Spliecothere.s), 436.
canorus (Cuculus). 292.

— (Haliaeetus), 249.
cantator (Gerygone), 310.

— (Pseudogerygone), 310.
cantatorus (Cincloramphus), 338.
oantillans (Cincloramphus), 338.
canus (Aegialitis), 217.
Canutus, 223.

canutu.s (Canutus), 223.

— (Tringa), 223.
capen.se (Daption), 203.
capensis (Procellaria), 203.

— (Rostratula), 224.
capitatus (Psittacu.s), 272.
capito (Eopsaltria), 312.

— (Pachycephala), 312, 313.
Caprimulgu.s, 282, 284, 290, 291.
Carbo, 240, 241.

carbo (C'arbo), 240.
carboides (Plialacrocora.x), 240.
cardinalis (.Myzoraela). 395.
carinata (Monarcha), 325.
carpentariana (Melithreptus), 393.
carpentarianus (Melithreptus), 393.
Carphibis. 227, 228.
Carpophaga, 184.
carneipes (Puffinus), 201.
carterae (Ao.roceplialus), ,343.

— (Podiceps). 197.
carteri (.\quila), 247.,

— (Calamanthus), 337.

— (Chelidon), .300.

— (Chrysococcyx), 295.

— (Diomedea), 206.

carteri (Eremiornis), 345.

— (Psephotus), 278.

— (Ptilotis), 413.

— (Thalassogcron), 206.
carunculata (Anas), 240.

— (Anthocliaera), 418, 419.
carunculatus (Merops), 418.
oassicus (Cracticus), 372.
cassidix (Ptilotis), 408.
castanea (Mareca), 238.
castaneiventris (Aphelocephala), 378.

— (Cacomantis), 294.

— (Cuculus), 294.

— (Xerophila), 378.
eastaneothorax (Amadina), 429.

— (Cinclosoma), 331.

— (Munia), 429, 430.
castaneovent.ris (Eulabeornis), 192, 193.
castaneum (Nettion), 238.
castanops (Strix), 257.

_ (Tyto), 257.
castanota (Turnix), 181.
castanotLs (Amadina), 427.
- (Zonaeginthus), 427, 428.
oastanotum (Cinclosoma). 330.
castanotus (Cinclosoma), 330.

— (Hemipodius), 181.
Casuarius, 175, 176.
casuarius (Casuarius), 176.
catarractes (Chrysocoma), 198.
Catharacta, 212, 213.
Catheturus, 177.
caudacuta (Chaetura), 292.

— (Hirundo). 292.
cauta (Diomedea), 205.

— (Hylacola), 333.
Ceblepyris, 325, 327, 328.
oecilae (Corvus), 442.

— (Platyeereus), 272.
cencliroides (Cerchneis). 253.

— (Faleo), 253.
Centropus, 297.
Cerchneis, 253.
Cereopsis, 236, 446.

Certhia, 383, .385, 391-9, 401, 408, 410, 114.

419. 421.
Certhionyx, 400, 401.
cerulea (Procelsterna), 210.
cervina (Coturnix), 178, 179.

— (Dacelo), 287.

— (Rhipidura). 449.
cervinivcntri.s (Chlamydern). 440.

— (Colluricincla), 371.

— (Collyriocincla), 371.

— (Pachycephala), 312.

— (Petroica), 312.
cervinus (Synoious), 178.

( n:v2 )

Ceyx, 285, 28f>.
Chaetura. 292.
Clialcites, 294.
chalcoptera (Columba). 188.

— (Phaps), 187, 188.
chandler! (Aeantliiza), 349.

— (Gliciphila). 399.

— (Orthonyx). 329.
Charadrius. 2ir)-l.S. 22.">.
Clielidon. .3(10.

( 'henonetta, 230.
Chenopis, 235. 44r).
Clieramoeca, .300. 301.
chilensis (Nectris), 201.
chinensis (Excalfaptoria), 179.
Chlamydera, 439, 440.
Clilamydodera. 440.
chlorocephala (Zosterop-s). 45(».
chloroceplialus {Zostert>p.s), 38(>.
ch]orole])idotus {Trichoglo.ssu.s). 259.
chloronota (Gerygone), 311.
chlaronotus (Zosterops), 386.
chloropsis (Melithreptus), 391.
ehUii'orhyncho.s (Diomedea), 205.
ehlororhynchus (Puffinii.s), 200.
Choriotis, 226.
choucaii (Graucalus), 32G.
Choucalcyon. 286.
christiani (Podieeps), 197.
cliristopheri (Sterna), 209.
christophori (Gerygone). 311.
Ghroecocephalus), 455.
Chroicocephalus, 455.
Ghroocephalius, 455.
chrysocephala (Meliphaga). 440.
chrysocephaliLs (Sericulu.s), 440. 441.
chrysochlora (T'lialcophaps), 187.

— (Columba). 187.
f'hrysococcyx, 294-6.
Chrysocoma, 198.
chrysocome (Aptenodyte.'i), 198.

— (Pengiiinus), 198.
chry.sogaster (Psephntiis), 278. 279.

— (Psittacus), 278.
chrysogastra (Sylvia), 316.
chrysootos (Certhia). 408.
chrysops (Ptilotis), 406. 407.

— (Sylvia), 406.
ehry.soptera (Anellobia), 419, 420.

— (Neositta), 379.

— (Sitta), 379.
chrysopterus (Merops), 419.
chrysopterygius (Psephotus), 270.
chry.sorrhoa (Aeantliiza), ,351.

— (Saxicola), 351.
nhrysorrhos (Eop.saltria), 316.

— (Pachyeephala), 316.

chrysostoma (Diomedea), 205, 206.
ohrysostomus (Psephotus), 277,

— (Psittacus), 277.
clirysotis (Certhia), 410.

— (Ptilotis), 404, 410, 411.
Chthonioola, 346.
Ciconia, 229.
Cincloramphus, .338, 339.
Cinelosoma, 330, 331.
rincta (Amadina), 433.
cinctus (.\lLsteranus). 4.33.

— (Erythrogony.s). 214, 215.
cineraceus (Cuculus), 293.
cinerea (Ardea), 229, 230.

— (Colluricincla), 369.

— (Porzana). 194.

— (Proeellaria), 201.

— (ProceLsterna), 210.

— (Scolopax), 221.

— (Struthidea), 445.

— (Tringa), 221.

— (Vanga), 375.
cinereiceps (Pachycephala), 312.

— (Poecilodryas), 312.
cinereifrons (Pachycephala), 311.

— (Poecilodryas), 311.
cinereus (Anous), 210.

— (Artamus), 368.

— (Cereopsis), 236.

— (Cracticus), 375.

— (Cuculus), 293.

— (Podargus), 282.

— (Sparvius), 24.5.
cinnamomeum (CUnclosoma), 331.
Cinnyris, 390, 391.

Circus, 244, 245, 248.
ciris (Hirundo), 292.
cirrhata (Pinguinaria), 198.
cirrocephalus (Astur), 246, 347.

— (Sparvius), 246.
Cisticola, 343,
cisticola (Cisticola), 343.
citreogularLs (Sericornis), 353.

— (Tropidorhynchus), 423.
Cladorhynchus. 219.
clamosa (.Atrichia), 299.

— (Atrichornis), 299.
Clangula, 454.
clarescens (Aegintha), 432.

— (Bathilda), 432.
clarus (Astur), 245.

— (Falco), 245.
clelandi (Acanthiza), 349.

— (Cincloramphus), 338

— (Geopelia), 186, 187.

— (Myzantha), 418.

— (Oreoica), 376.

( 633 )

olelandi (Ralliis), 192.
Climacteria, 381-3.
cloatesi (Podiceps), 197.
clypeata (Anas), 238.

— (Spatula), 238.
coccineopterus (Aprosmictus), 268.

— (PUstes), 268.
cockereUi (Ptilotis), 408, 414.
ooeruleobarbatus (Psittacus), 274.
colesi (Trichoglo.ssus), 2.58.
CoUocalia, 291,301, 302.
CoUuricincIa, 326, 369.
Collyriocincla, 371.

Columba, 183-90, 293, 452.
concinna (CoUuricincIa), 326.

— (Glossopsitta), 260.

— (Myiagra), 321.
concinnus (Psittacus), 260.
concolor (Demigietta), 232.
confusus (Halcyon), 289.
conigravi (Podargus), 281.
connectens (Acanthiza), 352.

— (Aegintha), 431.

— (Coracina), 326. .

— (Entomyzon), 421.

— (Paehycephala), 312.

— (Platycercus), 274.
connivens (Falco), 255.

— (Ninox), 255, 256.
consobrina (Pliaps), 188.
conspicillata (Procellaria), 202.

— (Pseudogerygone), 309.
conspicillatus (Pelecanus), 244.
contempta (Pacbycephala), 449.
Conurus, 259.

cookii (Aestrelata), 203.

— (Platycercus), 447.

— (Psittacus). 262.
cooktowni (Astur), 245.

— (Demigretta), 232.

— (Halcyon). 289.
coongani (Aquila), 248.

— (Emblema), 428.

— (Melithreptus), 392.
Coracia, 445.

Goracias, 284, 372, 434, 443.
Coracina, 325-8.
corax (Corvus), 442.
Corcorax, 445, 446.
corniculatus (Merops), 422.

— (Pbilemon), 422, 423.
cornwalli (Podargus), 282.

— (Pomatorhinus), 33.5.

— (Zosterops), 385.
coromanda (Glareola), 225.
coromandelianus (Nettapus), 236.
coronatus (Malurus), 361.

Coronica, 445.

coronoides (Corvus), 442.

Corvus, 326, 327, 333. 371, 419-44.

Corydonix, 297.

CoturnLx, 178, 179.

ooturnix (Coturnix), 178.

ooxeni (Gyclopsitta), 261.

— (Opopsitta), 261.
Cracticus, 372-.5, 444.
crassirostris (Ailuroedus). 438, 439.

— (Gliciphila), ,399.

— (Lanius), 438.

— (Myzantha), 417.

— (Tringa), 223.
cratitia (Ptilotis), 408, 409.
cratitius (Ptilotis), 408.
crecca (Nettion), 238.
Credion, 419.

crepitans (Muscicapa), '.i',i3.

— (Psophodes). 334.
Crex, 193.

crex (Grex), 193.

— (RaUus), 193.
crissalis (Strepera), 451.
cristata (Aegotheles), 283, 284.

— (Oreoica), 376, 377.

— (Pinguinaria). 198.

— (Sterna), 208.

cristatum (Sphenostoma), 378, 379.
cristatus (Buteo), 254.

— (Caprimulgus), 284.

— (Pandion), 254.

— (Podiceps), 197.

— (Turdus), 376.
crocea (Epthianura), 342.
cruentatus (Malurus), 362.
cruentus (Astur), 246.
cruralis (Cincloramphus), 338.

— (Megalurus), 338.
cucullata (Certhia), 397.

— (Muscicapa), 305.

— (Petroica), 305, 306.
cucuUatus (Charadrius), 218.

— (Leptoglossus), 397.

— (Merops), 416.

— (Psepliotus), 276.
Cuculus, 292-7, 448.
culicivora (Gerygone), 308, 309.
culicivorus (Psilopus), .308.
culminata (Diomedea), 205.
cuneata (t'olumba), 186.

— (Geocichla), 340.

— (Geopelia), 186, 187.
cuneatus (Turdus), 340.
cuneicauda (Eudynamis), 448.
cuneicaudatus (Cracticus). 444.
cupreus (Chrysococcyx), 294.

( 034 )

cuvieri (Podargus), 282.
cyanea (Ceyx), 285.

— (Motaciila), 357.
cyaneus (Malurus), 357.
cyanocephalus (C'ucuUis), 296.

— (Eudynamys). 296.
cyanochlamys (Maluru.s), 357, 358.
cyanogasler (Psittacus), 258.
cyanogenys (Platycercus), 271.
cyanoleuca (Grallina), 371, 372.
cyanoleuciis (Corvus), 371.
cyanomelas (Psittacus), 274.
cyanops (Dysoporus), 242.

— (Merops), 421.
cyanoptera (Loxia), 368.
cyanopterus (Artamus), 368.
cyanopus (Niimenius), 220.
cyanopygius (Alisterus), 269.

— (Aprosmictus), 269.

— (Psittacus), 269.
Cyanorhamphus, 452.
cyanotis (Ent^myzon), 421, 422.

— (Gracula), 421.
cyanotus (Malurus), 359.
cyanous (Turdus), 421.
cyanovirens (Coluniba), 183.
Cyclops (Strix), 257.
Cyclopsitta, 261.
Cygnus, 454.

oygnus (Acanthagenys), 420.

— (Anas), 235.
Cypselus, 291, 292.
Cysticola, 343.

Dacelo, 286, 287.
Dacnis, 385.
daetylatra (Sula), 242.
Daedalion, 245.
damacetisis (Pisobia), 222.

— (Totanus), 222.
Daption, 203.
darbiski (Ptiloti.s), 413.
Dasyornis, 363-5.
dawsoni (Ptilotis), 404.
dea (Tanysiptera), 289.
deoepta (Gypoictinia). 2.'>0.
decipiens (Ptilotis), 406.
delicatula (Tyto), 256.
delicatulus (Strix), 256.
demersus (Phaethon), 198.
Demigretta, 232.
Dendrocygna, 236, 237.
dendyi (Gerygone), 309.

— (Podargus), 283.

— (Turdus), 340.
dontirostris (8oenopoeet«s), 438.
depauperata (Ptilotis), 407.

derbyana (Caoatoes), 266.
derbyi (Artamus), 308.

— (Choritis), 220.

— (Myzomela), 396.
desolata (Procellaria), 204.
desolatus (Prion), 204.
desmaretii (Pipra), 386.
destructor (Barita), 374.
Diaphorillas, 364-6.
dibajiha (Certhia), 395.

— (Petroica), 448.
Dicaeum, 386, 387.
Dicrurus, 437.
didinuis (Philemon), 423.
diemenensis (Acanthiza), 347.

— (Alcyone), 285.

— (Calamanthus), 336.

— (Coturnix), 178.

— (Dromioeius), 176.

— (Meliornis), 41.5.

— (Platycercus), 272.

— (Rhipidura). 318.

— (Synoicus), 178.
digglesi (Pitta), 299.
dilopha (Columba), 184.
dimidiatus (Carbo), 241.
dingi (Ptilotis), 404.
Diomedea, 205, 206.
diophthalma (Opopsitta), 261.
discolor (Lathamus), 279.

— (Psittacus), 279.
disneyi (Ardeiralla), 234.
disper (Prion), 204.
dissimilis (Psephotus), 276.
distincta (Cacatoes), 265.
distinguenda (Petrochelidon), 301.
distinguendus (Halcyon), 288.
dominicus (Charadrius), 216.
Donacola, 429, 430.

dorrie (Calamanthus), 337.
dorsaUs (Gracticus), 373.

— (Gymnorhina), 373.

— (Sylvia), 362.

— (Znsterops), 385.
dougalli (Sterna), 208, 209.
dovei (Cinclosoma), 330.
Dromaeus. 175, 170.
Dromaius, 175.
Dromiceius, 175, 176.
Dromiceus, 175, 170.
dryas (Rhipidura), 320.
Drymacedus, 332.
Drymodes, 332.

dubia (Motaciila), 313.

dubius (Acanthorhynchus), 398.

— (Ixobrychus), 234.

— (Mcgalurus), 344.

( fi;l5 )

dubius (Turdus), 323.

dulciae (Ptilonorhynchus), 438.

dulciei (Megalurus), 345.

— ,(Meliornis),415, 416.

— (P.sephotus), 276.
dulcis (Malurus), 361.
dumetorun (Cuculus), 294.
dundasi (Cinclosuma), 330.

— (Platycercus), 274.
duperreyi (Megapodius), 176, 177.
Dysoporus, 242.

edouardi (Maluius), 362.
edwardsii (Phaeton), 243.

— (Psittacus), 278.
Egatheus, 228.
Egretta, 230, 231.
Eider, 454.
Eidopsarus, 393, 394.
Elanus, 250, 251.
elegans (Columba), 188.

— (Malurus), 360.

— (Nanodes), 277.

— (Phaps), 188.

— (Platycercus), 269, 270, 447.

— (Psephotus), 277, 278.

— (Psittacus), 269.
elizabethae (Malurus), 358.
ellioti (PhilemoQ), 423.
elseyi (Platycercus), 271.
Emblema, 428.

emu (Dromiceus), 175.
enidae (Pachycephala), 317.
Entomophila, 400, 401.
Entomyzon, 421, 422.
Eopsaltria, 312-14, 316-18.
eos (Psittacus), 265.
Epthianura, 340-2.
Eremiornis, 345.
Erolia, 223.

erubesceus (Phaethon), 243.
erythi'aucheii (Columba), 186.
erythrocephala (Myzomela), 395, 396.
erythrogastra (Muscicapa), 448.
erytlirogenys (Cisticola), 345.
Erythrogonys, 214, 215.
erythronotum (Dicaeum), 386.
erythropeplus (Platycercus), 272.
erythrops (Climacteris), 383.
orythropterus (Aprosmictus), 268.

— (Plyctolophus), 264.

— (Psittacus), 268.
orythropygia (Certlua), 395.
erytlirothorax (Cinolosoma), 331.
erytlu'otis (Philemon), 408.
Erythrotriorchia, 247.

Esacus, 226.

esculent* (CoUocalia), 291.

— (Hirundo), 291.
ethelae (Calamanthus), 337.

— (Cracticus), 375.

— (Ptilotis), 410.
Eudromius, 218.
Eudynamis, 448.
Eudynamys, 296.
Eudyptula, 198, 199.
Eulabeornis, 192, 193.
Euphema, 277-9.
europaeus (Caprimulgus), 291.
Eurostopodus, 290, 291.
Eurystomus, 284, 285.
ewingii (Acanthiza), 349, 353.

— (Ptilinopus), 183.
ExcaLfactoria, 179.
exilis (Cisticola), 343,

— (Malurus), 343.
eximius (Platycercus), 272.

— (Psittacus), 272.
exsul (Gerygone), 309.

— (Malurus), 359.

— (Psephotus), 277.
exulaus (Diomedea), 205.
Eyramytis, 366.

eyrei (Trichoglossus), 258.
eytoni (Dendrocygna), 237.

— (Leptotaris), 237.

falcata (Pachycephala), 315.
falcinellus (Egatheus), 228.

— (Plegadis), 228.

— (Tantalus), 228.
Ealco, 245-55.
Falcunculus, 375, 376.
fasciata (Anas), 239.

— (Gliciphaa), 400.

— (Procellaria), 204.
fasciatus (Astur), 246.

— (Cuculus), 448.
fascinans (Loxia), 302.

— (Microeca), 302.
fasciogularis (Ptilotis), 407.
featherstonii (Rallus), 193.
ferruginea (Eroha), 223.

— (Lophophaps), 190.

— (Tringa), 223.
Hligera (Ptilotis), 413.
fimbriatus (Psittacus), 263.
titzroi (Carphibis), 228.
litzroyi (Cacatoes), 264.
flabellifera (Rhipiduia), 318, 319, 449.
Hava (Motacilla), 424.

— (Ptilotis), 411.

( 636 )

riavacantlius (Acanthagenys), 4211, 421.
daveolus (Platycercus), 270.
tlavescens (Epthianura), 341.

— (PtUotis), 411,414.

— (Smicrornis), 30G, 307.
flavicollis (Ardeiralla), 234.

— (Eopsaltra), 316.

— (Melitlireptus), 407.

— (PtilotLi), 407.
flavida (Gerygone), 311.
tiavigaster ( Jlicroeca), 303.

— (Psittacus), 271.

— (Todus), 316.

liavigula (llyzantha), 417. 418.

— (Ptilotis), 407.
tiavigulus (Falcunculus), 375.
Uavipes (Platalea), 229.
flaviprymna (Munia), 430.
flavirhynchus (Plialacrocorax), 241.
flavirostris (Graucalus), 241.

— (Halcyon), 286.

— (Myzantha), 416.

— (Notophoyx), 231.

— (Phaethon), 243.

— (Syma), 286.

flariventer (Macliaeiirhynchus), 322.

— (PtUotis), 413.
flaviventris (Acanthiza), 352.

— (Geobasileus), 352.

— (Pezoporus), 280.

— (Psittacus), 271.

— (Sphecotheres), 436.
flavocinctus (Oriolus), 435.
flavogularis (Zosterops), 384.
flavostriata (Ptilotis), 405.
fletcherae (Porphyrio), 196.
fiindersu (Eudynamis), 296.
floccosus (Pycnoptilus), 331.
florenciae (Artamus), 368.
florentis (Psittacula), 260.
fluminea (Porzana), 193.
fluviatilis (Hydroclielidon), 207.

— (Podiceps), 197.
formosus (Psittacus), 280.
forresti (Ptilotis), 406.
forsteri (ProceUaria), 204.
lortis (Atliene), 255.
fraeaatus (Charadriu.s). 225.
fraucica (Collocalia), 291.
fiater (Anous), 210.
Fregata, 242.

Eregetta, 199, 2(HI.
frenata (Cinuyris), 390, 391.

— (Ptilotis), 413.
freiei (Rliipidura), 319.
fretorum (Pjicliycepliala). 316.
freycineti (Megapodius), 170.

Fringilla, 427, 429, 430, 434.
frivolus (Pomatorhinus), 335.
frontalis (Acantliiza), 355.

— (Chelidon), 300.

— (Hirundo). 3(KI.

— (Larus), 212.

— (Petroiea), 303.

— (Sericornis), 353, 355.
frontata (Noctua), 255.
frontatus (Falco), 252.

— (Falcunculus), 375, 376.

— (Lanius), 375.
fueosus (Falco), 247.
Fulica, 196, 452.
fuliginosa (Goronica), 445.

— (Diomedea). 206.

— (Pachycepliala), 314.

— (Strepera), 445.
fuliginosus (Antlius), 330.

— (Calamanthus), 336, 337.

— (Haematopus), 214.

— (Puffinus), 201.

— (Turdus), 450.

f ulvifrons (Certhia), 399.
fulv^ipennis (Lamprocorax), 437.
fulvus (Cliaradrius), 216.
funereus (Calyptorhynchus), 262.

— (Psittacus), 262.
fusca (Alcedo), 286.

— (Aplonis), 451.

— (Diomedea), 206.

— (Gerygone), 309.

— (Hirundo), 292.

— (Meliphaga), 404.

— (Pachycephala), 313.

— (Petroiea), 306.

— (Phoebetria), 206.

— (PsUopus), 309.

— (PtUotis), 404.

— (Strepera), 445.
fuscata (Sterna), 209.
fuscatus (Ocypterus), 368.
fuscus (Aplonis), 451.

galactotes (Megalurus), 345.
galbula (Oriolus), 434.
galeatum (L'alloceplialon), 263.
galeatus (Psittacus), 263.
galcrita (Cacatoes), 264.
galeritus (Psittacus), 264.
gallinacea (Irediparra), 224.
gaUinaceus (Charadrius), 215.
Gallinago, 223.
gallinago (Gallinago), 223.
Gallinula, I'.lt. 195.
gangi (Munia), 430.

( r.37 )

ganiDtii (Priocclla), 202.
gaiTulus (Mero|)s), 416.
garzetta (Egretta), 230, 231.
gavia (Procellaria), 200.

— (Puffinus), 200.
Gelastes, 211.

gelida (Procellaria), 201.
Geobasileus, 352.
Geocichia, 340.
geoffroyi (Charadrius), 217.
Geopelia, 185-7.
Geophaps, 189, 190.
Geopsittacus, 281.
georgi (Cereopsis), 440.
georgiana (Eopsaltria), 318.

— (Muscicapa), 317.

— (Pachyoephala), 317.
georgii (Larus), 212.
germaini (Malurus), 359.
Gerygone, 308-11, 448, 449.
gibberifrons (Anas), 238.

— (Nettion), 238.
gigantea (Alcedo), 286.

— (Procellaria), 203.
giganteus (Cliaradrius), 225.

— (Corydouix), 297.

— (Maoronectes), 203.
gigantura (Amytis), 364.
giganturu.s (Diaphorillas), 364.
gigas (Alcedo), 286.

— (Columba), 452.

— (Dacelo), 286, 287.

— (Polophilus), 297.
gilberti (Ardea), 230.
gilbertii (Pacliycephala), 315.
gilgandra (Pomatorhinus), 336.
gilliana (Diomedea), 205.
gilvicapillus (Melitlireptus), 406.
glacialoides (Priocella), 202.

— (Procellaria), 202.
Glareola, 224, 225.
glareola (Tringa), 222.
glaucura (Pacliycephala), 314.
Gliciphila, 398-400, 402, 414.
gloriosus (Psittacus), 269.
Glossopsitta, 260.
goadgang (Columba), 191.
goodenovii (Muscicapa), 304.

— (Petroica), 304, 305.
goulburni (Megalurus), 344.
gouldi (Acrocephalus), 342, 343.

— (Aestrelata), 202.

— (Ardeiralla), 234.

— (Carbo), 240.

— (l)einbocygaa), 237.

— (Falcuiieulus), 376.

— (Geliuitcs), 211.

gouldi (Hypoleucus), 240.

— (Lalage), 329.

— (Larus), 211.

— (Malurus), 357.

— (Pandion), 254.

— (Podargus), 283.

— (Tribonyx), 194.

— (Zosterops), 386.
gouldiae (Amadina), 432.

— (Poepliila), 432.
gouldiana (Turuicigralla), 183.
gouldii (Colluricincla), 371.

— (Manucodia), 442.

— (Monarcha), 324.

— (Myiolestes), 371.

— (Pbouygamraus), 442.
goyderi (Amytis), 366.

— (Diaphorillas), 366.
gracilis (Anas), 238.

— (Artamus), 367.

— (Caprimulgus), 282.

— (PtUotis), 403, 404.

— (Hterna), 208.

Gracula, 371, 416, 421, 434, 438.
gracuUna (Certhia), 421.

— (Strepera), 443, 444, 451.
graculinus (C'orvus), 443.
graculoides (Certhia), 421.
grallaria (Fregetta), 200.

— (Glareola), 224.

— (Procellaria), 200.
grallarius (Charadrius), 225.
GraUina, 305, 371, 372.
gramineus (Megalurus), 344.

— (Sphenoeacus), 344.
grandis (Lamprocorax), 437.
Graucalus, 241, 325-8.
greyi (Demigretta), 232.

— (Herodias), 232.

grisea (HydroclieUdon), 207.

— (ProceUaria), 201.

— (Spheoothera), 436.

— (Sterna), 207

griaeata (Colluricincla), 371.
gri-seatus (Myiolestes), 371.
griseicapilla (Muscicapa), 316.
griseiceps (Pachycephala), 315.
griseogularis (Eopsaltria), 317.
griseopygius (Totanus), 221.
grisescens (Cbmacteris), 383.

— (Myzomela), 397.
griseus (Anser), 236.

— (Puffinus), 201.

grisola (Pachycephala), 316.

Grus, 227.

gularis (Acauthiza), 355.

— (Ardca). 232.

( 638 )

gularis (Hacmatops), 392.

— (Malurus), 362.

— (Melithreptus). 392, 393.

— (Muscicapa), 317.

— (Pachycepliala), 317.

— (Pica), 333.

— (Podiceps), 197.
gulliveri (Tephras), 384.

— (Zosterops), 384.
gunni (Larus), 212.

guttata (Clilamydera), 439, 440.

— (Loxia), 427.
guttatus (C'aprimulgus), 290.

— (ZoQaegiuthus), 427.
gutturalis (Chelidon), 3(H).

— (FalcuncuUis), 376.

— (FringUla), 427.

— (Hirundo), 300.

— (Pachycephala), 311, 313, 314, 449

— (Sericornis), 357.

— (Turdus), 313.
guy (Calopsitta), 267.
gwendolenae (Pomatorhinus), 336.

— (Sterna), 208.

— (Zonifer), 216.
Gygis,211.

gymnopis (Cacatua), 265.

— (Cacatoes), 265.
Ciymnorhina, 372, 373.
Gypoictinia, 250.

haematodus (Trichoglossus), 258.
haematogaster (Platycercus). 275.

— (Psephotus), 275, 276. 279.
haematonotus (Platycercus), 277.

— (Psephotus), 276, 277, 279.
Haematops, 392, 393.
Haematopus, 213, 214.
Halcyon, 286, 288, 289, 448.
Haliaeetus, 247-9.
haliaetus (Pandion), 253, 264.
Haliastur, 249.

HaUeus, 241.

halli (Alcyone), 286.

— (Aptenodytes), 198.
halmaturina (.Acanthiza), 347.

— (Hylacola), 333.

— (Lichmera), 414.

— (Melioruis), 414.

— (Ninox), 254.

— (Ptilotis), 409.

— (Strepcra), 444.

— (Zosterops), 385.
habuaturinus (Acanthorliynclius), 398.

— (Calyi>toi'liyncluis). 263.

— (Corvus), 443.

Halobaena, 204.
hamiltoni (Anantliiza). 34S, ,349.
harmonica (CoUuricincIa), 369, 37 .
harmonious (Turdus), 369.
harterti (.Artamus), 367.

— (Entomyzon), 421.

— (Kurostopodus), 291.

— (Lobibyx). 215.

— (iMyzomcla), .397.

— (Neochmia), 434.

— (Rhipidura). 319.

— (Sericornis), 354.
hecki (Poephila), 432.
heinei (Turdus), 340.
Hemijjhaga, 451, 452.
Hemipodius. 180-2.
henriettae (Malurus), 357.
herlmrum (Crex), 193.
herbertoni (Falcunculus), 376.

— (Meliornis), 415.

— (Sericornis), 355.
Herodias, 230-2.
Heteromyias, 317.
Heteroscenes, 293
Hiaticula, 217.

hiaticula (Charadrius), 216, 217
Hieracidea, 252..
hiUi (Eop.saItria), 314.

— (Nyeticorax), 233.

— (Platycercus), 272.
ilimantopus, 219.
liiraantopus (Hypsibates), 219.
Iiiiundinacea (.Motacilla). 386.
hirundinaceum (Dicaeum), 386, 387.
Hirundo, 291, 292, 300.

hirundo (Sterna), 207.
histrionica (Columba), 189.

— (Histriophaps), 189.

— (Peristera), 189.

— (Phaps), 189.
Histriophaps, 189.

holosericus (Ptilonorhynclius), 438.
horni (Sterna), 209.
horslieldi (t'incloramphus), 339.
horstieldii (.Mirafra), 425, 426.
houisei (.Amytis), 366.

— (Diaphorillas), 366.
liowei (Calamanthus). 337.

— (Diaphorillas), 365.

— (Ptilotis), 409.

— (Sericornis). 355.

— (Strepera), 444.
howcnsis (Pachycephala), 449.
hidhanus (.Aplonis). 451.
luimcrahs (.Anas), 238.

— (C'eblepyris), 328.

— (Geopelia), 186.

( r,39 )

humcralis (Ninox). 'iSO.

— (Podargus), 282.

— (Psittacus), 279.

— (Querquedula), 238.
humilis (Sericornis), 353, 356.
hyder (Astur), 248.
Hydralector, 224.
Hydrochelidon, 206, 207.
Hydrocorax, 241.
Hylacola, 332, 333.
hypoleuca (Coracina), 327.

— (Tlialassidroma), 199.
hypoleucos (t'arbo), 241.

— (Falco), 252.

— (Tringa), 221.
Hypoleucus, 240.
hypoleucus (.Artamus), 367.

— (Cracticus), 373.

— (Graucalus), 327.

— (Gymnorhina), 373.

— (Malurus), 361.
Hypotaenidia, 192.
Hypotriorchis, 252.
Hypsibates, 219.

Ibis, 227, 228.

icterotis (Platycerous), 273.

— (Psittacas), 273.
leracidea, 252, 253.
imitatrix (Ptilotis), 403.
immaculata (Egretta), 231.

— (Gallinula), 194.

— (Herodias), 231.

— (Porzana), 194, 446.
immaculatus (Cerchneis), 253.
inauris (Anthochaera), 419.
incana (Scolopax), 221.

— (Tringa), 221.
incerta (Gliciphila), 399.

— (Munia), 430.

— (Myzomela), 396.

— (Sterna), 208, 209.
incertus (Charadrius), 217.

— (Cuculus), 293.
incinctus (Halcyon), 288.
inconspicua (Lacustroica), 401.

— (Sternula), 209.
indistincta (Lalage), 328.

— (Meliphaga), 402.

— (Meliornis), 414.

— (Stigmatops), 402, 403.
iudus (Haliastur), 249.
inexpectata (Chtlionicola), 346.

— (Geopelia), 186.

— (Meliornis), 416.

— (Petroica), 304.

— (Rhipidura), 319.

inexpectatus ((.Urcus), 245.

— (Diaphorillas), 365.

— (Pardalotus), 390.
ingrami (Fulica). 196.

— (Melithreptus), 393.
inkermani ((.'factious), 374.

— (Gliciphila), 400.
innominatus (Platycercus), 270.
inuruata (Acanthiza), 347.

— (Hiaticula), 217.

— (Meliornis), 414.

— (Melipliaga), 414.

— (Pachycepliala), 315, 317.
inornatus (Cuculus), 293.
inquieta (Seisura), 323.
inquietus (Turdus), 323.
inscripta (Columba), 189.
insignissimus (Aprosmictus), 269.
iusperatus (Cuculus), 293.
insularis (Gerygone), 448.

— (Melithreptus), 394.

— (Ptilotis), 405.
interjectus (Pardalotus), 389.
intermedia (.\nellobia), 419, 420.

— (Egretta), 230.

— (Pitta), 298.

— (Rhipidura), 320.

— (Sericornis), 354.

— (Strei^era), 445.
intermedins (Cracticus), 373.

— (Leptolophus), 267.

— (Melopsittacus), 280.

— (Pomatorhinus), 335.

— (Puffinus), 201.
intermissus (Cracticus), 372.
interpres (Morinella), 213.

— (Tringa), 213.

iodotis (Malacorliyachus), 239.
iodura (Oreocincla), 340.
iredalei (Acantliiza), 349, 352.

— (Neoclimia), 434.
Irediparra, 224.
iris (Pitta), 299.
irroratus (Dromaeus), 175.
Isabella (Stiltia), 224.
isabellinus (Calamanthus), 338.
isura (Cysticola), 343.

— (Rhipidura), 320.
isurus (Milvus), 250.
ivi (Ptilotis), 405.
Ixobrychus, 233, 234.

jacksoni (Eopsaltria), 317.
jamaicensis (Oxyura), 239.
jamesonii (Lanis), 211.
jamieson (Columba), 191.
jardinii (Ceblepyris), 328.

( C4IJ )

jaidinii (Circus), 244.
javanica (Butorides), 233.

— (Chelidon), 300.

— (Dendroeygna), 230. 237.

— (Mirafra), 425, 426.
johnsonii (Casuarius), 17f>.
johnstoni (Philemon), 423.
jubata (Anas), 236.

— (Chenonetta), 236.

kalguurii (Cracticus), 374.
kasarkoides (Anas), 237.
kaupi (.Arses), 323.
keatsi (Caprimulgus), 291.
kempi (Chalcophaps), 187.

— (Myiagra), 322.

— (Myzomela), 396.

— (Rhipidura), 320.

— (Sterna), 210.
keraudrenii (Phonygammus), 442.
keri (llegaloprepia), 184.
kimberli (Tyto), 257.

kingi (Oriolus), 435.

— (Pardalotus), 387.
Kitta, 438.
kittlitzi (Gygi.s), 211.
korschun (Milvus), 249.
kreffti (Pitta), 299.
Kroicocephalus, 455.
Kroikocephalus, 455.
kuhli (Cacatoes), 266.

Laeustroica, 401.
ladasi (Ptilotis), 413.
laetior (Melithreptus), 392, 393.
laevigaster (Gerygone), 310.

— (Sericornis), 355.
lafresnayanus (Trieholimnas), 447.
Lalage, 328, 329, 449.

lamberti (Malurus), 360, 361.
lamellicoUis (Ibi.s), 228.
Lamprocorax, 437.
Lamprotreron, 183.
lanceolata (Plectorhyncha), 395.
lanioide.s (Pachycephala), 316.
Lanius, 314, 327, 369, 374, 375, 438.
lappcinica (Limosa), 220.
Larus, 211,212.
lateralis (Psophodes), 334.

— (Sylvia), 385.

— (Zosterops), 384-6.
lathami (.■ilectura), 177, 178.

— (Fringilla), 427.

— (Muscicapa), 301, 353.

— (Neusitta), 379.

lathami (Psittaous), 279.

— (Sericornis), 353. 3.54.
Lathamus, 278, 279.
latirostris (Jlyiagra). 322.

— (Procellaria). 204.
leachi (Acantliiza). 351.

— (Myzantha). 417.

— (Pardalotus), 389.

— (Pezoporus), 280.
leachii (Dacelo), 287.

— (Psittacus), 262.
leadbeateri (Cacatoes), 264. 205.

— (Cyclopsitta), 261.

— (Opopsitta), 261.

— (Pardalotus), 389.

— (Plyctoloplnis), 264.

— (Ptilotis), 408.
leggei (Malurus), 358.
leggii (Petroica), 303.
leighi (Acanthiza), 351.
Leipoa, 177.
Lepidogenys, 251.
Leptoglossus, 397.
Leptolophus, 266, 2(17.
Leptorhynchus, 219.
Leptotarsis, 237.
lepturus (Phaethon), 243.

— (Pliaeton), 243.
les-sonii (Aestrelata). 202.

— (Procellaria), 202.
Lcstris, 213.
leucaetos (Falco), 245.
leucocapillus (Anous), 211.
leucocephala (Fringilla), 427.

— (Neositta). 379.

— (Puffinus), 202.

— (Recurvirostra), 219.

— (Sittella), 379.
leucocephalus (Cladorhynchus), 219.

— (Himantflpus), 219.

— (Hypsibates), 219.

— (Pandion), 254.
leucogaster (.■\egotheles), 284.

— (Columba), 452.

— (Eop.saltria), 317.

— (Falco), 248.

— (Falcunculus), 376.

— (Haliaeetus), 248.

— (Lophophaps), 190.

— (Phalacrocurax), 240.

— (Polophilus), 297.

— (Ptilinopus), 183.

— (Sula), 242.

— (Turnix), 182.
leucoga-stra (Fregettii), 199.
loucogenys (Melithreptus), 394.
Icucomela (t^'ampephaga), 328.

( 641 )

leucomela (Columba), 185.

— (Lalage), 328, 329.
leucomelas (Certhia), 4U1.

— (HaUeus), 241.

— (Procellaria), 200.

— (Puffinus), 200.

— (Larus), 212.
leuconota (Gymnorhina), 373.
leuconotus (Craeticus), 373.

— (Malurus). 359.
leucopareia (Hydrochelidon), 207.
leucopliaea (Ardea), 230.

— (Arenaria), 222.

— (Certhia), 383.

— (Climacteris), 381, 383.

— (Tringa), 222.
leucophrys (Anas), 237.

— (Porzana), 194.
leucops (Pachycephala), 312.

— (Poecilodryas), 312.
leucopsis (Aphilocephala), 377.

— (XerophUa), 377.
leuooptera (Aestrelata), 203.

— (Cioonia), 229.

— (HydrooheUdon), 207.

— (Neositta), 380.

— (Procellaria), 203.

— (Rhantistes), 203.

— (Sittella). 380.
leucopterus (Craeticus), 375.

— (Malurus), 362.

— (Pyrrhocorax), 445.
leucopyga (Lalage), 449.
leueopygialis (Artamus), 366, 367.
leucopygus (Symmorphus), 449.
leucorhynchus (Artamus), 366, 367.
leucorodia (Platalea), 228.
Leucosarcia, 191.

leucosomus (Astur), 246.
leueosternum (Cheramoeca), 300, 301.

— (Hirundo), 300.
leucosternus (Haliastur), 249.

— (HaUaetus), 249.
leucotis (Monarcha), 324.

— (Neochmia), 434.

— (Poephila), 434.

— (Ptilotis), 407, 408.

— (Turdus), 407.
Leucotreron, 183.
leucura (Eupsaltria), 312.

— (Pachycephala), 312.

— (Poecilodryas), 318.
lewini (Authochaera), 418.
lewiiiii (Ptilotis), 403-5.

— (Rallus), 192.
LichcnoHtiimus, 409.
Lichmcru, 414.

Licmetis, 266.
licmetorhyncha (Cacatoes), 264.

— (Plyctolophus), 264.
Limosa, 220, 221.
limosa (Limosa), 220, 221.
lindesayii (Meleagris), 177.
lineata (Acanthiza), 349.

— (Coraoina), 327.

— (Exealfactoria), 179.

— (Geopelia), 185.
liueatus (Ceblepyris), 327.

— (Artamus), 368.
lineocapilla (Cisticola), 343.
Utoralis (Sphenura), 364.
littleri (Butorides), 233.

— (Stipiturus), 363.
littoralis (Myristicivora), 184.
lobata (Anas), 240.

— (Biziura), 240.

— (Tringa), 215.
Lobibyx, 215.
Lobivaaellus, 215.

lofti (Mehthreptus), 392.
loftyi (Acanthorhynehus), 398.

— (Aegintha), 431.
longicauda (Bartramia), 222.
longicaudata (Campephaga), 449.
longicaudus (Malurus), 357.
longimembris (Tyto), 258.
longipeanis (Falco), 252.
longipes (Oedicnemus), 225.
longirostris (Bruckigavia), 211.

— (Craeticus), 372.

— (Calamoherpe), 342.

— (Chalcophaps), 187.

— (Dasyornis), 364.

— (Gymnorhina), 372.

— (Haematopus), 213, 214.

— (Larus), 211.

— (Meliornis), 415.

— (Mehphaga), 415.

— (Pachycephala), 449.

— (Sphenura), 364.
liiunbergi (Catharacta), 212.
Lopholaimus, 184, 185.
Lophophaps, 190.
Lophoptilotis, 414.
lophotes (Ocyphaps), 191.
lophotus (Anser), 236.
lorealis (Arses), 324.

lori (Conurus), 259.

luvensis (Epthianura), 342.

Loxia, 302, 368, 427.

lucidua (Chrysococcyx), 295.

ludoviciana (Parra), 215.

lunaUi (Certhia), 391.

lunatus (Mehthreptus), 391, 392.

( (^-l^ )

luinilata (Anellubia), •(•20.

— (Anthoehaera), 420.
lunulatus (Aegotheles), 284.

— (Falco), 252.

— (Turdus), 339, 340.
lurida (Ninox), 255.
lutea (Myzantha), 418.

— (Zosterops), 384.
luteus (Zosterops), 384.
lyra (Maenura), 298.
Ij'rata (Maenura), 298.

mab (Psephotus), 278.

— (Ptilotis), 404, 405.
maccoyi (Cyclopsitta), 261.
macgilUvrayi (Platycercus), 274.

— (Rhipidiira), 449.
llaehaerirhyuchus, 322.
mackayi (Astur), 246.
macklotii (Pitta), 299.
inacleayana (Cyclopsitta), 201.

— (Ptilotis), 4U5, 414.
macleayi (Ptilonorhynehus), 438.
macleayii (Halcyon), 288.
macquarie (Columba), 186.
Macreuse, 454.
Macronectes, 203.
macroptera (Aestrelata), 202.

— (Chaetura), 292.

— (Myiagra), 302.
macropus (Falco), 251.
Macropygia, 185.
macrorhyncha (Ardetta), 233.

— (Butorides), 233.

— (Oreocincla), 340.
macrorhynchus (Calyptorhynchus), 263.

— (Podargus), 283.

— (Turdus), 340
macrotarsa (Sterna), 207.
macrotarsus (Thalasseus), 207.
macrourus (.Amytis), 365.

— (Centropus), 297.

— (DiaphoriUas), 365.
macrurus (Capriinulgus). 291.
macularia (Acanthiza), 347.

— (Saxicola), 347.
macularius (Lanius), 314.
maculata (.\rclea), 232.

— (Calodera), 439.

— (Chlamydera), 439, 440.

— (Ninox), 254.

— (Pisobia), 222.

— (Sericornis), 355, 356.
maculatus (Malurus), 347.

— (Orthonyx), 329.
■ — (.iericurnis). 355.

maculosa (I'urnix), 180.
maculosus (Ailurocdus), 439.
madaraszi (Oriolus), 435.
madraspatana (Glareola), 225.
Maenura, 298.
magna (.■\canthiza), 357.

— (Sericornis), 357.

— (Tyto), 258.
Magnamytis, 366.
magnitica ((Vjlumba), 184.

— (Megalo])rcj)ia), 184.

— (Ptiloris), 441.

— (Turnix), 181.
magnificus (Psittacus), 262.
magnirostris (Acanthiza), 348, 355.

— (Burhinus), 225, 226.

— (Charadrius), 225.

— (Eopsaltria), 317.

— (GaUinula), 195.

— (Gerygone), 309.

— (Melithreptus), 394.

— (Neositta), 381.

— (Oedicnemus), 226.

— (Pachycei)hala), 317.

— (Prion), 204.

— (Sericornis), 355.

— (Sericulus), 440.
magnus (Canutus), 223.

— (Schoeniclus), 223.
nialacluira (Muscicapa), 362.
nialachunis (Stipiturus), 362, 363.
malacorhyncha (Anas), 239.
Malacorhynchus, 239.
maldivarum (Glareola), 225.

. (Trachelia), 225.

mallee (Stipiturus), 363.

Malurus, 343, 347, 357-64,

Manorina, 416.

Manucodia, 442.

Mareca, 238.

marginatum (Cinclosoma), 331.

marginatus (Charadrius), 217.

marianae (Corvus), 443.

Marila, 454.

marina (Pclagodroma), 199.

— (Procellaria), 199.
marmorata (.Athene), 254.

— (Ninox), 2.54.
marmoratus (Podargus), 283.
marngli (Charadrius), 218.

— (Cheramoeca), 301.
mastersi (Acanthiza), 347.

— (Aegialitis), 217.

— (Gerygone), 310.

— (Malurus), 360.

— (Pseudogerygone), 310.
mastcrsiaiuis (Platycercus), 272.

( C43

mathewsae (Ardea), 230.

— (Gerygone), 449.
mathewsi (Acanthiza). 347.

— (Cincloramphus), 339.
Mathewsia, 227.

matoni (Trichoglossus), 259.
mattingleyi (Haematopus), 213.
maxillari.s (Sphecotheres). 43(t.

— (Turdus), 436.
maxima (Ceblepyris), 325.

— (Pteropodocys), 325.
mayi (Rhipidura), 320.
mclennani (Dacelo), 287
media (Sterna), 208.

— (Stigmatops). 403.
medius (Pierorliynchus), 324
megacephalus (Caprimulgus), 282.
Megaloprepia, 184.

megalura (Amytis), 364.
Megalurus, 338. 344-5.
Megapodius, 176, 177, 298.
megarhyncha (CoUuricincla), 371.
melanocephala (Melithreptus), 394.

— (Muscicapa), 362

— (Myzantha), 416, 417.

— (Sittella), 379.
melanocephaUis (llalurus), 362.

— (Pardalotus), 390.

— (Psittacus), 274.
Melanodryas, 306.
melanogaster (Corviis), 327.

— (Fregetta), 200.

— (Hemipodiii.s), 180.

— (Petroclielidon), 3U1.

— (Thalassidroma), 200

— (Turnix), 180.
melanogenys (Falco), 251.
melanoleuca (Anas), 235.

— (Columba), 191.

— (Grallina), 371.

— (Leucosarcia), 191.
melanoleucos (Hydrocorax), 241
melanoleucus (Melithreptus), 414.
melanophris (Diomedea), 205.
melanophrys (Manorina), 416.

— (Turdus), 416.
melanops (Anous), 210.

— (Artamus), 367, 368.

— (Certhia), 399.

— (Charadrius), 218.

— (Coracina), 326, 327.

— (Corvus), 326.

— (Falco). 246.

— (Gliciphila), 398, 399.

— (Ptilotis), 408,

— (Turdus), 408.

melanopsis (Moiiarcha), 324, 325,

molanopsis (Muscicapa), 32.5.
melanoptera (Platycercus), 270.

— (Strepera), 444.
melanoptenis (Platycercus), 270.
melanorampiios (Coracia), 445.

— (Corcorax), 445, 446.
melanorhj'ncha (Sterna), 208,
melanorhynchos (Spatherodia), 228.
melanosterna (Gypoictinia), 250.
melanosternon (Buteo). 2.50.
melanota (Climacteris), 382.
melanotis (Graucalus), 326.

— (Myzantha). 417.
melanotus (Ailuroedus), 439.

— (Climacteris), 382.

— (Hemipodius), 180.

— (Malurus), 358, 359.

— (Porphyrio), 196.

— (Psittacus), 268.

— (Turnix), 180.
melanura (Climacteris), 381

— (Pachycephala), 314.

— (Palaeornis), 268.

— (Procellaria), 201.

— (Sterna), 209.
melanuroide,s (Limosa), 221.
melanurus (Centropus), 297.

— (Merops), 290.
Meleagris, 177
Melicophila, 401.
MeHornis, 414-16.

Meliphaga, 391, 393, 395, 399,401-4, 414-16, 440,

Melithreptus, 391-4, 406, 407, 414, 415.

Melliphaga, 391.

melhvora (Certhia), 399, 419.

mellori (Acanthiza), 350,

— (Acrocephalus), 342,

— (Chrysococcyx), 294.

— (Corvus), 443.

— (Cracticus), 374.

— (Eulabeornis), 192.

— (Sericornis), 356.

— (Trichoglossus), 259.
Melopsittacus, 279, 280.
meltoni (Ptilotes), 408.
membranacea (Anas), 239.
membranaceus (JIalacorhynchus), 239.
mentalis (Coracina), 327.

— (Cracticus), 375

— (Graucalus), 327.
Menura, 297, 298.
menura (Megapodius), 298.
meridionahs (Nestor), 452.

— (Pachycephala), 314.
Merops, 290, 401, 418, 419, 422.
Morula, 450.

meruloides (Mimetes), 434-

( 644 )

mest<ini (Pachycppliala). 313.
metallipus (f'uculus). 295

— (Lamprocorax), 437.
Microcarbo, 240.
Microeca, 302. 303.
microuris (Pedionomua). 183
miles (Lobibyx), 215.

— (Tringa), 215
milligani (C'erchneis), 253.

— (Mirafra). 420.

— (Neositta). 380
Milvus. 249, 250.
Mimetes, 434. 435.
minima (Sericornia). 354.
minimus (Antluis). .346

— (Sericornis), 354.
minor (Aegintha). 431.

— (Alisterus), 209.

— (Aprosmictus), 209.

— (Artamus), 308. 369.

— (Climacteris), 383.

— (Dacelo), 287.

— (Dromiceius). 176.

— (Eudyptula), 198, 199.

— (Lopholaimus), 185.
minuta (Pi.sobia), 222.
minutillus (Chrysococcyx), 295.
minutus (Ixobrycliua), 233, 234.

— (Numenius), 220.

— (Ptilopus), 183.
mirabiUs (Parkinsonius), 298.

— (Poephila), 432.
Mirafra. 425, 426.

mi.ssa (Aphelocephala), 377.
mixta (Alcyone), 285.

— (Cisticoia), 343.

— (Ninox), 255.

— (Ptilotis), 403.

mixtus (Erythrogonys), 215.
modesta (Aoanthiza), .349.

— (Amadina). 430.

— (Amytis), 365.

— (Diaphorillas), 365.

— (Gerygone), 449.

— (Gliciphila). 400.

— (Munia), 430.

— (Petroica), 448.
modestus (Dia[)horilIas), 365.
mogilnok {.Aquila), 247.
mollis (Aestrelata). 203.

— (C'acatoes), 265.

— (Procellaria), 203.
moluoca (Ibi.s), 227.
moluccana (Gallinula), 195.
moluccensis (Philemon), 422.
monachus (C'haradrius), 218.

— (Merops), 422.

Monarcha, 324, 325.
mongolu.s ({'haradrius), 217.
montancUus (Calamanthus), 337.
montanus (Pomatorhinus), 334.
nioigani (.Aoanthiza), 352.

— ( Diaphorillas), 364.
Morinella, 213.
morphnoides (.\quila), 248.
mortieri (Tribonyx), 194.
Motacilla, 313, 316, 347, 357, 386. 424.
motacilloides (Rhipidura), .321.
mouki (Gerygone), 310.

— (Zonaeginthus), 427, 428.
muUeri (Ana.-}), 237.

miilti (Acanthiza), 351.
multicolor (Musoicapa). 448.

— (Petroica). 303, 448.

— (Psittaeus), 258, 276.
multipunctata (Tyto), 257.
mungi (C'acatoes), 264.

— (Coturnix), 179.

— (Dacelo), 287.

— (Geopelia), 187.

— (Gerygone), 310.

— (Lophophaps), 190.

— (Malurus), 360.

— (Oreoica), 377.

— (Podargus), 283.

— (Ptilotis), 409.

— (Smicrornis), 307.

— (Zonaeginthus), 428.
Munia, 429.

munna (Myzomela), 397.

— (Ptilotis), 410.
murchisonana (Aegotheles), 284.
murchisoni (.Acanthiza), SM).

— (Pardalotus). 388.

— (Phaps), 188.

— (Ptilotis), 405, 406.
murchisonianus (Faleo), 252.

Muscicapa, 302-6. 313. 317, 319, 325, 333, 353,

362, 408, 410, 448.
muscicola (Turdus), 323.
muta (.Anas). 238.
Mycteria, 229.
Myiagra, 302, 321. 322.
Myiolestes, 371.
Myristicivora, 184, 440.
mystacah.s (Caprimulgus), 290.

— (Meliphaga). 410.
mystacea (Muscicapa), 408.
Myzantha, 416. 417.
iMyzomela, 395-7.

naevia (Lalage), 449.
naevius (Philemon), 416.

( f'^r^ )

naevosa (Anas), 239.

— (Stictonetta), 239.
nana (Aeanthiza), 34G, 347.

— (Eopsaltria). 313.

— (Pachycephala), 313.

— (Seisura), 323.
Nanodes, 277.
napieri (Milvus), 249.
na.sicus (Psittacus), 26G.
naso (Calyptorhynehus). 263.
nea (Aeanthiza), 350.

— (Ptilotis), 404.

— (Seisura), 323.
nebularia (Scolopax), 221.

— (Tringa), 221.
Nectarinia, 390.
Nectris, 201.
neglecta (Egretta), 230.

— (Grallina), 372.

— (Petrochelidon), 301.

— (Phaps), 188.

— (Plectorhyncha), 395.

— (Poephilus), 433.

— (Pteropodocys), 325.
neglectum (Cinclosoma), 330.
neglectus (Aprosmictus), 269.

— (Esacus). 226.

— (Psitteuteles), 259.

— (Scythrops), 297.

— (Trichoglossus), 259.
Neochmia, 433, 434.
neomelanotu.s (Porpbyrio), 196.
Neophema, 279.
Neopsephotus, 279.
Neosericornis, 353.
Neositta, 379-81.

neositta (Climacteris), 383.
neoxena (Chelidon), 300.

— (Hiriuido), 300.
nei'ei.s (Oceanites), 199.

— (Sterna), 209.

— (St«rnula), 209.

— (Thalassidroma), 199.
Nestor, 452.

nestor (Merala), 450.

— (Podiceps), 197.
Nettapus, 236.
Nettion, 238.

newtoniana (Priondura), 441.
niger (Anas), 235.

— (Ptilonorhynchus), 438.
nigra (Certhia), 415.

— (Hydrochelidon), 206.

— (Meliornis), 415, 416.

— (Myzomela), 396.
nigrescens (Mirafra), 426.

— (Platycercus), 269.

nigrescens (Pomatorhinus), 335.
nigricans (Hirundo), ,301.

— (Petrochelidon), .301.
nigricincta (Aphelocephala), 378.

— (Xerophila), 378.
nigrifrons (Charadrius), 218.

— (Sterna), 208.
nigrogularis (Cracticus), 374.

— (Psophodes), 3.34.

— (Vanga), 374.
nigrotecta (Poephila), 433.
nigrotectus (Ahsteranus), 433.
niloticus (Thalasseus), 207.
Ninox, 254-6, 447.
nipalensis (Ninox), 254.
nitens (Cuculus), 295.
nitida (Loxia), 427.

— (Monarcha), 324.

— (Myiagra), 322.

— (Sylvia), 346.

nitidus (Piezorhynchus), .324.
nivea (Sterna), 211.
niveus (Sparvius), 245.
nobbsi (Platycercus), 447.
Noctua, 254, 255.
nonpareil (Psittacus), 272.
norfolcensis (Nestor), 452.
norfolciensis (Columba), 185.
norfolkiensis (Halcyon), 448.
northi (Calyptorhynehus), 262.
Northiella, 276, 279.
notatus (Elanus), 250.
Notophoyx, 231.
novaeguineae (Irediparra). 224.
novaehoUandiae (Anas), 240.

— (Anser), 235.

— (Ardea), 232.

— (Astur), 245, 246.

— (Burliinus), 225.

— (Caprimulgus). 284.

— (Carbo), 240.

— (Casuarius), 175.

— (Catheturus), 177.

— (Cereopsis), 23fi, 446.
~ (Certhia), 414.

— (Coracina), 326.

— (Credion), 419.

— (Droniiceius), 175.

— (Eudyptula), 198, 199.

— (Falco), 245.

— (Hydralector), 224.

— (Larus), 211,212.

— (Lobib.vx), 215.

— (.MeUornis), 414, 41.5.

— (Menura), 297, 298.

— (Museieapa), 410.

— (Notophoyx), 231.

( fi4n )

novaehoUandiae (Ornprinrla), :i:!l).

— (Phaethon), 243.

— (Plotus), 241.

— (Podicep,s), 197.

— (Porzana), 193.

— (Psittacus), 258, 267.

— (Recurvirostra). 219. 22(1.

— (Scythrops), 296, 297.

— (Spheniscus), 198.

— (Sterna), 209.

— (Trichoglo.«isus), 2.'>8, 2.59.

— (Turdus), 326.

— (Tyto), 2.57.

— (Vanellu.'i). 215.
novaenorciae (Ptilotiis), 408.
novaeseelandiae (Hemiphaga), 451, 4.52.
novaezealandiae (Limosa), 220.
novaezelandiae (Platycercus), 447, 452.
nuchalis (Clilamydera), 440.

— (Psittacus), 260.

— (Ptilonorhynchus). 440.
nugax (Puffinus), 200.
Numenius, 220.
Nycticorax. 232, 233.
nycticorax (Nycticorax), 232.
Nyroca, 239.

nyroca (Nyroca), 239.

oblita (CoUuricincla), 369.
obscura (Coracina), 328.

— (Climacteris), 382.

— (Myzantha), 418.

— (.Myzomela), 397.
obscurus (Halcyon), 288.

— (Leptolophus), 267.

— (Puffinus), 200.
obsoleta (Epthiaiiura), .341.
occidentale (Sphenostoma), 378.
occidentalis (Certbionyx), 401.

— (Clialeophaps), 187.

— (Cuculus), 293.

— (Dacelo), 287.

— (Geopsittacus), 281.

— (Heteroscenes), 293.

— (leracidea), 2.53.

— (Lichenostomus). 409.

— (Malurus), 360.

— (Ninox), 2.55.

— (Pachycephala), 314.

— (Philemon), 423.

— (Platycercus), 274, 275.

— (Ptilotis), 409.

— (Smicrorni.s), 307.
occipitalis (Chlamydera). 439.
oceanica (Oeeanites), 199.

— (Procellaria), 199.
Oeeanites, 199.

ocellatA (Athene), 255.

— (Leipoa), 177.

— (Ninox), 255.
ocellatus (Podargus), 283.
ocularis (Glj'cijiliila), 402.
oculata (Fringilla), 427.
oculatus (Zonaeginthus), 427.
Ocydromus, 447.
Ocyphaps, 191.
Ocyi)tenis, 367, 368.
Oedicncmus, 225, 226.
oUndus (Cracticus), 374.
olivacea (Pachycephala), 315.
olivaceus (Corvus), 333.

— (Psilopus), 308.

— (Psophodes), 333, 334.
oUvei (Ardeiralla), 234.

— (CinnjTis). 391.
obvii (Turnix), 181.
omnicolor (Psittacus), 272.
onocratalus (Pelecanus), 243.
ophthalmicus (Haematopus), 214.
Opopsitta, 261.

optatus (Cuculus), 292.
Oreoica, 376, 377.
Oreocincla, 339. 340.
Oreoscopus, 353.
organicum (Gymnorhina), 373.
orientaUs (Buphaga), 423.

— (Chlamydodera), 440.

— (GUmacteris), 382.

— (Eudynamys), 296.

— (Eurystomus), 284, 28.5.

— (Glareola), 225.

— (Hieracidea), 2.52.

— (Lalage), 328.

— (Philemon), 423.

— (Recurvirostra), 219.
Origma, 346.

Oriolus. 4.34, 435, 4.39, 440.
ornata (Ptilotis). 410.
ornatus (Merops), 290.

— (P.ardalotus). 388.
^ (Ptilotis). 410.
Orthonyx, 329.
osculans (Chalcites), 294.

— (Sericornis). 356.
ossifraga (Procellaria), 203.
ostralegus (Haematopus), 213.
Otis, 226.

Owenavis, 294.

oweni (Amytornis), 365.

— (Chlamydera), 440.

— (Diaphorillas), 365.

— (GalUnago), 223.

— (Megalurus), 345.
Oxjnira, 239.

( 047 )

Pachyeephala, 311-14, 317. 440.
Pacliyptila, 204.
pacifica (Ardea), 231.

— (Coracias), 284.

— (Hirundo). 292.

— (Notophoyx). 231.

— (Sterna), 211.
pacificus (Apius). 292.

— (Eurystoraus), 284, 28.5.

— (Larus), 212.
Palaeornis, 267, 268.
pallescens (Anthus), 424.

— (Cisticola), 343.

— (Colluricincla), 369.

— (Leptolophu.s), 267.

— (Munia), 429.

— (Oreoica), 377.

— (Psephotus), 276.

— (Sericornis), 353.

— (Smicrornis), 306.
palliceps (Platycercus), 271.
pallida (Acanthiza), 351.

— (Aphelocephala), 377.

— (Cohimba), 293.

— (Drymodes), 3.32.

— (Gerygone), 309.

— (Lophopliaps), 190.

— (Microeca), 302.

— (Pachyeephala), 314.

— (Pteropodooy.s), 325.
pallidiceps (Melopsittacu.s), 280.
pallidirostris (Colluricincla). 370.
palhdum (Sphenostoma), 378.
pallidus (C'uculus), 293.

— (Drymacedus), 3.32.

— (Hahaeetus), 248.

— (Mirafra), 426.

— (Pardalotus), 390.
palliolatus (Cuculu.s), 294.
palmatus (Himant.opus), 219.
palmerstoni (Fregata), 242.

— (Pelecaniis). 242.
palpebrata (Diomedea). 206.

— (Plioebctria), 206.
palumbariu.s (Astur), 245.
])alumbus ((!'ohiniba). 18.5.
palustris (Malunis). 362.

— (Megalurus), 344.

— (Porzana), 194.
Pandion, 253, 2.54.
pannosu.s (Herodias), 232.
papuensis (Coracina), 325.

— (Podargua). 281.
Paradisea, 298.
paradi.sea (Menura). 298.

— (Ptiloris), 441.
paradoxa (Anthochaera), 419.

paradoxus (Corvu.s). 419.
Paraptiloti.s, 414.
parasitica (Catharacta), 213.
parasiticus (Larus), 213.
Pardalotus, 387-90.
parkinsoniana (Paradisea). 298.
))arkinsoni (Procellaria), 202.
Parkinsonius, 298.
Parra, 215.

l)arryensis (Aprosmictus), 268.
parryi (Elanus), 251.

— (Notophoyx), 231.

— (Pardalotus), 390.

— (Podiceps), 197.

— (Rhipidura), 320.
parrirostris (Artamus). 366.

— (Graucalus), 326.
parvissima (Colluricincla), 371.
parvTila (Colluricincla), 370.

— (Sericornis), 354, 355.
parviilus (Dromiceius). 176.

— (Eopsaltria), 316.

— (Sericornis), 354.
pastinator (Licmetis), 266.
patagonica (Aptenodytes), 198.
pectoralis (Amadina), 430.

— (Aphelocephala), 378.

— (Charadrius), 216.

— (Coturnix), 178.

— (GUciphila), 400.

— (Leptorhynchus), 219.

— (Malurus), 359, 363.

— (Mimia), 430.

— (Muscicapa), 313.

— (Myzomela), 396.

— (Rallus). 192.

— (Xerophila), 378.
Pedionomus, 182, 183.
pelagica (C'haetura), 292.
Pelagodroma, 199.
Pelecanoides, 204, 205.
pelecanoides (Sterna). 208.
PelecanuH, 242-i.
pelzelni (Rhipidura). 449
Penguinus, 198.
penicillata (Ptilotis). 413.
peninsulae (Pachyeephala). 315.
peninsularis (Ninox), 2.56.
pennantii (Platycercus), 269, 447.

— (Psittacus). 269.
perdalodus (Dicaeum), 386.
Perdix, 178, 180.
peregrinus (Falco), 251. 2.52.
Peristera, 189.

perksi (.Acanthiza), 351.
perlatus (Cuculus), 448.
peroni (Dromiceius), 176.

( 'i4S )

perplexa (Stigmatops). 40.*i.

— (Tyto). 257.
perplexus (Corviis), 442.

— (Malurus), 3.59.
personata (Gerygone). 311,

— (Neochmia). 433, 434.

— (Poephila). 433, 434.

— (Strix), 2.57.

— (Sula), 242.
per.^onatus (Artamiis), 307.

— (Lobil)yx), 215.

— (Lobivanelliis), 215.
Petroohelidon. 3(11, 3C2.
Petrodruma, 383.
Petroica, 303-6, 311, 312, 44.S.
Petrophassa, 189.
petrophila (Eiiphema), 27S.
petropliilus (P.sephotus), 278.
Pezoporus, 28(1.

phaeopu.s (Numcnius), 220.
Phaethdii, 198, 242, 243.
Phaeton. 243.
phaeton (Fringilla), 434.

— (Neochmia), 433, 434.
phaeus (Artamiis). 367.
Phalacrocorax, 240, 241.
phalaenoides (Podargus). 283.
Phaps. 187-9.

phasiana (Rhipidiira), 318. 319.
phasianella (t'ohimba), 18.5.

— (Macropygia). 185.
phasianellus (Grauealu.s), 325.
phasianinus (Centropus). 297.

— (Cuculus). 297.
Philedon, 399.
Philemon. 408, 416, 421-3.
philippensis (Eulabeornis), 192.

— (Sterna), 21(».
philippina (Sterna). 210.
philordi (Zonaeginthus). 427.
Phoebetria, 206.
))hoenicea (Petroica), 304.
]>hoenicooephalus (Psittacus), 263.
phoenicuros (Phaeton), 243.
Phonygammus, 442.

phrygia (Meliphaga), 401, 402.
phrygius (Merops), 401.
Pica, 333.
picata (Columl)a), 191.

— (CJracula), 371.

— (Herodias), 231.

— (Melanodryas), 306.

— (MeUcophila), 401.

— (Petroica), 300.

— (Rhipidura), .321.
picatua ((^'racticus), 374.

— (Haematopiis), 214.

picta (Emblenia), 428.

— (Entomoi)hila), 400.
picturata(Turnix), 182.
|)ictii.s (Certliionj-x). 400.
|)iciimnus (CUmactcris), 382.
Piezorliynchus, 324.
pileata (Neo.sitta). 379, 380.

— (Sittella), 379.

— (Sterna). 210.
pileatus (Anoiis), 210.

— (Platycercus). 275.
Pinguinaria, 198.
Pipra, 387-9.

piscator (Pelecanus). 242.

— (Sula), 241, 242.
Pisobia, 222.
Pitta, 298, 299.

placen.s (Sterna), 209. 210.

— (Stcrnula). 209.
placida (Geopclia), 186.
plagoaus (Chrysococcyx), 295.

— (Cuculus), 295.
planasi (Ptilotis), 411.
Platalea, 228, 229.
Platycercus, 269-76, 447, 4.52.
platyrhyncha (Muscicapa), 302.
Platyrhynchos, 321.
Plectorhyncha. 395.
Plegadis, 228.

Plesiops, 454.

PUstes, 268.

Plotu.s, 241.

phimala (Ptilotis), 410,

plumbea (Jlyiagra), 321.

— (Porzana), 194.

— (Strepera), 445.
plumifer (Lophophaps), 190.
jjlumifera (Egi'etta), 2.30.
})lumifenis (Herodias), 230.

— (Podargiis), 281.
plumigula (Sula), 241.
plumulus (Ptilotis), 410.
plutonia (Anas), 235.
Plyctolophus, 264, 452.
Podargus, 281-3.
Podiceps, 197, 198.
Poecilodryas, 311, 312, 317, 318.
Poephila, 432-4.
poiciloplila (Ardea), 235.
poiciloptilus (Botaurus), 235.
polaris (Thalassoica), 202,
poliocephaluB (Podiceps), 197, 198.

— (Turdus), 450.
poliocerca (Sterna), 208.
Polophilus, 297.
Polyodon. 455.
Polvodonta, 455.

( 649 )

Polyodontes, 455.

Polyodontus, 455.

Polyodus, 455.

PolyteUs, 267, 268.

pomarina (Catharacta), 213.

pomarinus (Lestris). 213.

Pomatorhinus, 334-6.

Pomatostomus), 335.

Porphyrio, 195, 196, 4.52.

porphyrio (Porphyrio), 195.

porphyrocephala (Glossopsitta), 26(1.

porphyrocephalus (Trichoglossus), 2G0.

porphyrostictus (Lamprotreron), 183.

Porzana, 193, 194, 446.

porzana (Porzana), 193.

praetermissa (t'oturnix), 178.

pratensis (Crex), 193.

Praticola, 336, 337.

pratincola (Trachelia), 224, 225.

preissi (Rhipidura), 319.

princeps (Columba), 452.

Priocella, 202.

Prion, 203, 204

Prionodura, 441.

Proeellaria, 199-205.

Procelsterna, 210.

Prodromus, 280.

productus (Nestor). 4.52.

— (Plyctoloplius), 452.
Psephotus, 275-9.
Pseudogerygone, 309, 310.
pseutes (Turnix), ISO.
Psilopus, 300, 308, 309.
Psittacula, 260.
Psittacus, 258-80, 447.
Psitteuteles. 259.
Paophodes, 333, 334.
Pteropodocys, 325.
Ptilinopus, 183.

Ptilonorhynehus, 437, 438, 440.
Ptilopus, 183.

Ptiloris, 441.

Ptilotis, 403-14.

Ptilotula, 414.

Puffinus, 200-2.

puffinus (PuffiniKs). 200-202.

pulchella (Petroica), 448.

pulchellus (Nettapus), 236.

— (Psephotus), 278, 279.

— (P.sittacus), 278.
pulcherrimus (Malunis), 361.

— (Platycercus), 276.

— (Psephotus), 276.
pulchra (.Alcyone), 285, 286.
punctata (Pipra), 389.
punctatum (Cinclosoma), 330.
punctatus (Pardalotus), 387, 389.

punctatus (Turdus), 3.30
purpuragala (Carho). 240.
|)urpurascens (Calornis), 437.

— (Lamprocorax), 437.
purpuratus (Ptilinopus). 18.3.
purpurea (Psittacus), 260.
Purpureicephalus, 275.
purpureicollis (Alectura), 178.

— (Talegallus), 178.
purpureocephalus (Platycercus). 275.

— (P.sittacus), 275
pusilla (Acanthiza), 346-8.

— (Alcyone), 286.

— (Ardea), 234.

— (Ceyx), 286.

— (Glossopsitta), 260.

— (Motacilla), 347.

— (Porzana), 194.
pusillus (Ixobryclms), 234.

— (Psittacus), 260.
Pycnoptilus, 331.
Pyrrhocorax, 438, 445.
Pyrrholaemus, 353.
pyrrhonota (Climacteris), 383.

— (Hirundo), 301.
pyrrhonotus (Malurus), 362.
pyrrhoptera (Meliornis), 414.
pyrrhopygia (Acanthiza), 332. 348.

— (Hylacola), 332, 333.
pyrrhopygius (Halcyon), 288.
pyrrophanus (Cuculus), 293, 294.
pyrrophrys (Sylvia), 346.
pyrrothorax (Turnix), 182.

quadragintus (Pardalotus), 390.
queenslandica (Baza), 251.

— (Cacatoes), 264.

— (Gerygone), 308.

— (Mirafra), 425.

— (Ninox), 256.

— (Pachycephala), 313.
queenslandicus (Acanthagenys), 421.

— (Certhionyx), 401.

— (Corvus), 443.

— (Cracticus), 372
Querquedula, 238, 454.
querquedula (Querquedula), 238.
quinticolor (Fringilla), 43(1.
quoyi (Cracticus), 373.

— (Petroica), .305.

radiatus (.Astur), 247.
— (Falco), 247.
radjah (Tadorna), 237.
raii (Astur), 245.

( MO )

Rallina, 103.

ralloides (liraohyptrnllus). 104.

Rallus. 192, 193.

ramsayi (Burliinus). 22~y.

— (Gliciphila), 400.

— (Halcyon), 289.

— (Petroica), 30.5.

— (Zosterops), 385.
rayneri (Platycercus), 447.
rectiro.stri.s (Ardea). 2.30.

— (CoUuricincla), 3()0.
Recurvirostra, 219, 220.
recurvirostrLs (Esaciis), 226.
regens (Oriolus), 440.
regia (Platalea), 228, 229
regina (Ptilinopus), 183.
reguloides (Acanthiza), 352.
Rhantistes, 203.
Rhipidura, 318-21,440.
Rhynchaea. 224.
rhynchotis (Anas), 238.

— (Spatula), 238.
ringwoodi (Myiagra), ,321.
roberti (Porzana), 446.
robinsoni (Alectura), 177.

— (Eulabeornia), 193.

— (Macropygia), 185.

— (Myiagra), 322.

— (Strepera), 443.

— (Tomirdus), 193.
robusta (Coracina), 327.

— (Pachycephala), 313.
robustirostris (Acantbiza), 349.
robu.stus (Lanius), 327.
rodinogaster (Petroica), 304.

— (Saxieola), 304.
roger.si Butorides), 233.

— (Chalcophaps), 187.

— (Cincloramiihus), 338.

— (Circus), 244.

— (Coturnix), 179.

— (Eutabeornis), 193.

— (Gerygone), 308.

— (Hydrocliclidon), 207.

— (Malurus), ,361.

— (Neositta), 380.

— (Owenavi.s). 294.

— (Pardalotus), 388.

— (Podargus), 281.

— (Ptilotis), 406.

— (Smicrornis), 307.

— (Xenorliynchus), 229.
rcsaceus (Palaeorni.s). 207.
rosea (Caoatua), 265.

— (Petroica), 304.
roseicapilla (Caeatoes), 265, 266.

— (Caoatua), 265.

rosinac (Leipoa), 177.

— (Pacliycei)hala), 317.

— (Psepbotus), 277.

— (Serieorni.s), 354.
rossi (Podargu.s), 282.

— (Prion), 204.
Ro.stratula, 224.
rothscbildi (Dromiceius), 175.

— (Irediparra), 224.

— (Neositta), .381.

— (Seiieulus), 441.

— (Stipiturus), 363.
rubecoloides (Myiagra), 321.
rubecula (Myiagra), 321.

— (Todus), 321.

rubeculus (Pomatorbinus), 335.
rubicunda (Ardea), 227.

— (Mathewsia), 227.
rubiginosus (Calamanthus), 337.
rubricata (Sylvia), 293.
rubricatus (Cuc\ilus). 293.

— (Pardalotus), 389, 390.
nibricauda (Phaetlion), 243.
rubricaudus (Phaeton), 243.
rubricollis (Recurvirostra), 219.
rubrifons (Latliamus), 279.

— (Philedon), 399.

— (P.sittacus), 260.
rubritorquis (Trichoglossus), 259.
rufa (Aegotheles), 284.

— (Athene), 259.

— (Chmacteris), 382.

— (Ninox), 256
rufescens (Aegotheles), 284.

— (Anthus), 339.

— (Atrichia), 299.

— (Atrichornis), 299.

— (Burliinus), 225.

— (Cincloranipluis), 339.

— (Cracticus), 373.

— (Mirafra), 426.

— (Nunienius), 220.
~ (Stigmatops), 402.
ruficapilla (Petroica), .30.5.
ruficapillus (Cliaradriua), 217.
ruflcauda (Aegintba), 431, 432.

— (Ani.idina), 431.

— (Batbilda), 432.
rufieeps (Cysticola), 343.

— (Pomatorhinus), 335.

— (Stipiturus), 363.
ruficollis (Pisobia), 222.

— (Platyrhyncho,s), 321.

— (Tringa), 222.
rufifrons (Acanthiza), 353.

— (.Muscicapa), 319, 320.

— (Platycercus), 275.

( "SI )

riilifrons (Rhiiiicliira), 319.
rutipcnnis (Petmphassa), 189.
rulitergum (Tadurna), 237.
ruHventer (Vanellus), 214.

— (Hypotriorchis), 252.
rutiventris (C'olhiricincia), 370.

— (Pachycephala), 314, 315.

— (Sylvia), 314.
rufogaster (CoUurioincla), 371.
rufogularis (Acanthagenys). 420-21.

— (Certhionyx), 401.

— (Pachycephala), 315.
rufotibia (Astur), 247.

— (Erythrotriorchis), 247.
rufulus (Cuculus), 293.
rupicola (Cerchneis), 253.
russata (Chrysococcyx), 296.
russatus (Chrysococcyx), 296.
rustica (Chelidon), 300.
ruthergleni (Acanthiza), 350.

sacra (Ardea), 232.

— (Demigretta), 232.
sagittata (Chthonicola), 346.

— (Coracias), 434.

— (Sylvia), 346.

sagittatus (Oriolus), 434, 435, 439.
salvadori (Platycercus), 273.
salvadorii (Sphecotheres), 436.
sanctus (Halcyon), 288, 289, 448.
sandlandi (Acanthiza), 351.

— (Pycnoptilus), 331.
sanguinea (Cacatoes), 265.

— (Cacatua), 265.

— (MeUphaga), 395.
sanguineolenta (Certhia), 395.

— (Myzomela), 395.
sapjjhire (Lamprocorax), 437.
saturata (Rhipidura), 318.
saturatus (Cuculus), 292.
satuininus (Lanius). 369.
Saxicola, 304, 347, 351, 359.
scandens (Climacteris), 383.
scapulatus (Psittacus), 269.
Scenopoeetes, 438.
Schoeoiclus, 223.
scintiUans (Hemipodius), 181.

— (Turnix), 181.
scintillatus (Conurus), 259.
Scolopax, 221, 223.
scripta (Cohimba), 189.

— (Geophaps), 189.
scrijitus (Elanus), 251.
scrymgeouri (Psophodea), 333.
Scythrops, 290, 297.
secunda (ilii'afra), 425.

secundus (Machaerirhynchus), 322.
Seisura^ 323.

selbii (CoUuricincla), 369.
semialba (Sterna), 211.
semicoUaris (Psittacus), 258.
semipalmata (Anas), 235.

— (Anseranas), 235.
semitorquatus (Platycercus), 274.

— (Psittacus), 274.
senegalensis (Centropus), 297.

— (Halcyon), 288.
septentrionalis (Trichoglossus), 259.
sericea (Meliphaga). 415.
sericeola (Meliphaga), 415.
sericeus (Puffinus), 202.
Sericornis, 353-7.

Sericulus, 440, 441.
serrata (Sterna), 209.
serrator (Sula), 241.
setosa (Rhipidura), 320.
sharpei (Rhipidura), 318.
shortridgei (GeopeUa), 187.

— (Merops), 290.

sibila (CoUuricincla), 371.
simiUs (ProceUaria), 204.
simiUima (Pitta), 298, 299.
simplex (Gerygone), 310.

— (Pachycephala), 316.
sinensis (Ixobrychus), 234.

— (Sterna), 209, 210.
Sitta, 379.
Sittella, 379-81.

skua (Catharacta), 212.
smaragdineus (Chrysococcyx), 294.
Smicrornis, 306-8.
smithi (Geophaps), 190.

— (ProceUaria), 202.
smithii (Coluraha), 190.

— (PtUonorhynchus), 438.
solandri (Aestrelata), 203.

— (ProceUaria), 203.

— (Psittacus), 263.
Solenoglossus, 261.
soMtaria (Origma), 346.

— (Sylvia), 346.
sonora (Ptilotis). 405.
sonorus (Ptilotis), 405.
sordidus (Halcyon), 289.

— (Philemon), 423.

— (Synoicus), 178.

— (Tropidorhyuchus), 42.'!.

— (Tardus), 368.
Souchet, 454.
spadicea (Columba), 452

— (Diomedea), 205.

— (Hemiphaga), 4.52.
spaldingi (Cracticus), 373.

( 652 )

spaldingi (Orthonyx), 329.
Sparvius, 245, 24G.
SpatlierocUa, 228.
Spatlioplerus, 276.
Spatula, 238.

spenceri (Dromiceius), 17(3.
sphaeriuros (Lestris), 213.
Sphecothera, 436.
Sphecotheres, 436.
.Spheniscus, 198.
Sphenoea«us, 344.
Sphenostoma, 378, 379.
Sphenura, 363, 364.
spheuurus (Haliaeetiis), 248.

— (HaUaster), 249.

— (Jlilvus), 249.

— (Puffinus), 200.
spiloptera (Columba), 186.
spilorrhoa (CariJophaga), 184.

— (Myristicivora), 184.
spinicaudus (Orthonyx), 329.
spinicollia (Carphibis), 227, 228.

— (Ibis), 228.
spinoletta (Anthus), 424.
splendens (Malurus), 3,59.

— (Saxicola), 359.
splendida (Cinnyris), 390.

— (Euphema), 279.
splendidus (Platycercus), 272.

— (Psephotus), 279.

— (Psittacus), 269.
spurius (Psittacus), 275.

— (Purpureiceplialus), 275.
squamata (Acanthiza), 352.
squamulosus (Ptilunorhyachus), 438.
Squatarola, 216.

squatarola (Squatarola), 216.

— (Tringa), 216.
stagnatilis (Ardetta), 233.

— (Butorides), 233.

— (Totanus), 221.

— (Tringa), 221.
stalkeri (Coraciua), 327.

— (Ocyphaps), 191.

— (Platalea), 229.

— (Recurvirostra), 220

— (Sphecotheres), 436.
stauleyanus (Podargus), 282.
stauleyii (Platycercu.s), 273.
stcllaris (Botaurus), 235.
stellatus (Calyptorliyiichus), 263.
stepliensi (Myzomela), 395.
Sterna, 207-11.

Stcrnula, 209.

stictocephalus (Jlicrouarbo), 240.

Stictouetta, 239.

Stigmalupb, 402, 403.

Stiltia, 224.
Stipiturus, 3()2, 363.
Stirling! (Ptilotis), 409.

— (Turni.x), 181.
stolidus (.\nous). 210.
strenua (.\thene), 256.

— (Ninox), 256.

— (Zosterops), 450, 451.
strenuus (Sylochelidon), 207.

— (Thalasseus), 207.
Strepera, 443-5, 451.
strepera (Coracias), 443.
strepitans (Pitta), 298.
striata (Coracias), 434.

— (Neositta), 381.

— (Pacliycephala), 314.

— (Pipra), 387.

— (Sittella), 381.

— (Sterna), 208, 209.
striatus (Amytornis), 365.

— (Dasyornis), 365.

— (Diai)horillas), 365, 366.

— (Lestris), 213.

— (Megalurus), 344.

— (Pardalotus), 387, 388.
stricklandi (Putiinus), 201.
strictipennis (Ibis), 227.
strigata (CoUuricincla), 369.
strigatus (Calamanthus), 346.
strigoides (Caprimulgus), 282.

— (Podargus), 281-3.
Strix, 254-8, 447.
Struthidea, 445.
sturni (Ardeiralla), 234.
Sturnus. 393.

subadclaidae (Platycercus), 270.
subaffinis (Oriolus), 435.

— (Pardalotus), 388.
subalbogularis (Melithreptus), 392.
subalisteri (Cincloramphus), 339.
subalpipennis (Entomyzon), 422.
subiis.similis (Jleliornis), 415.
subaustralis (Autlius), 425.
subbuteo (Falco), 251.
subcinereus (Turdus), 370.
subclarescens (.Aegintha), 431.
subcristata (Baza), 251.
subcristatus (Lepidogenys), 251.
subcyanocephalus (Eudynamys), 296.
subdistiucta (Cacatocs), 2(i5.
subfasciata (Gliciphila), 400.
subflavescens ((Cyanorliamphus), 452.
• — (Platycercus), 452.

— (Smicroruis), 307.
subfrontata ((iallinula), 195.
subgcrmaua (Ptilotis), 411.
subguttata (L'lilamydera), 440.

( 653)

sublateralis (Psophodes), 334.
subleucogenys (Melithreptus), 3!)4.
subleiicoptera (Neositta). 38(1.
subleucosternus (Haliastur). 24(1.
submagnirostris (Melithreptus), 393, 394.
submelanogenys (Falco), 252.
subminuta (Turnix), 181.
subniger (Corcorax), 446.

— (Falco), 252.
subocciden talis (Niao.x), 255.
subocularis (Glyciphila), 402.
subpallida (Coracina), 326.

— (Microeca), 302.
subphasiana (Rhipidura), 319.
subpicata (Petroica), 306.
subrufescens (.Mirafra), 426.
subrufus (Anthus), 425
substriatus (Pardalotus), 388.
Sula, 241,242.
sulcirostris (Carbo), 240.
sumatrana (Ardea), 230.

— (Sterna), 210.
superba (Columba), 183.

— (Menura), 298.
superbus (Ptilinopus), 183.
superciliaris (Drymodes), 332.
superciliosa (.Anas), 237.

— (Climaoteris), 383.

— (CoUuricincla), 370.

— (Pachycephala), 311, 312.

— (Petroica), 311.

— (Rhipidura), 320.
superciliosus (Acanthorhynchus), 3'JS.

— (Artamus), 367.

— (Ocypterus), 367.

— (Pomatorhinus), 335, 336.
swainsoni (Struthidea), 445.
Bwainsonii (Graucalus), 327.

— (PolyteUs), 267.

— (Psittacus), 267.

— (Ptilinopu.s), 183.

— (Trichoglossus), 258.
syama (Baza), 251.
SyloclieUdon, 2U7.
syivatica (Turnix), 180.
sylvestria (Ocydromus), 447.

— (Tricholimnas), 447.

Sylvia, 293, 295, 314, 316, 346, 362, 385, 406

sylvia (Tanysiptera), 289.

Syma, 286.

Symmorphus, 449

Synoicus, 178, 179.

syrmatophora (Egretta), 230.

— (Heiodias), 230.

Tadorna, 237, 454.
tadorua (Taduma), 237.

tadornoidcs (.\nas). 237.

— (Tadorna), 237.
tahitius (Cuculus), 448.
tailemi (Ptilotis), 410.
taitensis (Cuculu.s), 448.

— (Eudynamis), 448
Talegallus, 178.
tanami (Acantliiza). 349.

— (Aphelocephala), 378.

— (Sphenostoma), 379.
Tantalus, 220, 228.
Tanypus, 371.
Tanysiptera, 289.
tasmanica (Anellobia), 420.

— (Chrysococcyx), 295.

— (Coracina), 326.

— (Epthianura), 340.

— (PuUca), 196

— (Zost«rops), 385.
tasmanicus (Chrysococcyx), 295.

— (Corpus), 443.
Tasmanornis, 353.
teesa (Butastur), 248.

— (Circus), 248.

telescopthalmus (Arses), 323, 324.
temminckii (Orthonyx), 329.
temminkii (Psittacus), 263.
temporalis (Aegintha), 430, 431.

— (Fringilla), 430.

— (Pomatorhinus), 334, 335.
tenebricosa (Tyto), 257, 258.
tenebricosus (Strix), 257.
tenebrosa (GaUinula), 195.

— (Gerygone), 310, 311
tenebrosus (Turdus), 368.
tenuirostris (Acanthiza), 352.

— (Acanthorhynchus), 397, 398.

— (Anous), 210.

— (Certhia), 397.

— (Coracina), 328.

— (Graucalus), 328.

— (Licmetis), 266.

— (Neositta), 380.

— (Psittacus), 266.

— (Puffinus), 201.

— (Sittella), 380.

— (Zosterops), 450.
Tephras, 384.

tcphro2)leura (Zosteru^js), 386, 450.
terrae-leeuwin (.\nas), 236.
terraereginae (Arses), 323.

— (CoUocaha), 291.

— (Cracticus), 372

— (Cypselus), 291.

— (Itficroeca), 303.
terrestris (Pezoporus), 280.

— (Pailtacub), 28U.

( ''04 )

territoii (Afantliagciiys), 120.

— (Emblema), 428.

— (Tribonyx), 19.5.
testaoeus (.Astur), 247.
textilis (Diaphorillas), 3(U, 3tiG.

— (.Malurus), 3()4, 3C5.
Thalasseus, 207, 208.
Thalassidroma, 190, 200.
Tlialassogeron, 206.
Thalassoica, 202.
thomasi (Megalunis), 344.
thorpei (Aegintlia), 431.

— (Gerygoiie), 448.
tibicen (Coracias), 372,

— (Cracticus), 372.
Todus, 316, 321.
Tomirdus, 193.
tormenti ((.'haradiiiis), 217.
^ (Demigretta), 232.

— (Dicaeum), 387.

— (Sterna), 210.
torotoro (Syma), 286.
torquata (Melliphaga), 391.
torquatus (Accipiter), 246.

— (Cracticus), 374, 375.

— (Lanius), 374.

— (Pedionomus), 182, 183.
torresii (Thalasseus), 208.
Totanus, 221, 222.
Trachelia, 224, 225.
tranquilla (Geopelia), 186.
tregellasi (Aegintha). 431.

— (Anthochaera), 419.

— (Artamus), 368.

— (Charadrius), 218.

— (Dacelo), 287

— (Lathamus), 279.

— (Meliphaga). 401.

— (Pachycephala), 315.

— (Pomatorhinus), 334.
Tribonyx, 194, 195.
tribrachys (Alcedo), 285.
tribulationis (Anthus), 425.

— (Zosterop.s), 384.
Trichoglossus, 258-61, 279.
Tricholimnas, 447.
tricolor (t'elilcpyris), 328.

— (Charadrius), 216.

— (Epthianura), 341.

— (Eulabeornis), 193

— (Lalage), 328.

— (Rhipidura), 321.

— (Tomirdus), 193.

— (Zonifer), 215.
tridactyla (ProccUaria), 205.
Tringa, 215, 216, 221-3.
tristis (Procellaria), 201.

trivirgata (.\Ionarcha). 324.

trivirgatus (Pomatorhinus), 334

Tropidorhynchus, 422, 423.

tschegrava (Thalasseus), 207.

tumulus (.Megapodius), 176.

tunncyi (Cracticus), 373.

— (Epthianura), 342.

Turdus, 313, 323, .326, 330, 339, 340, 363, 368.

369, 370, 376, 4t)7, 408, 416, 421, 436, 450
Turnicigralla, 183
Turuix, 180-82.
tvirtur (I'roceUaria), 204.
typica (Halobaena). L04.
typicus (Barnardius), 273.
typus (.\damastor), 201.
tyrannula (Sericornis), 356.
'l>to, 2,56-8.

uiidiiKi (.Aptenodytcs), 198.
uudulata (Alceilo), 286.

— (Ninox), 447.

— (Strix), 447.

undulatus (Melopsittacus), 279, 280.

— (Psittacus), 279.
unicolor (Cerchneis), 253.

— (Haematopus), 214.

— (Ptilotis), 413.

urinatrix ( Pelecanoides), 204, 205.
— ■ (Procellaria), 205.
uropygiaUs (Acantliiza), 350.

— (Limosa), 220.

— (Pardalotus), 390.

— (Tantalus), 220.

vagabunda (Procellaria). 202.
vagans (Alcedo), 448.

— Halcyon), 448.
vahdirostris (Haematops), 393.

— (Melithreptus), 393.
vanelloides (Charadrius), 216.
Vanellus, 214, 215.

Vanga, 374, 375.
varia (Amytis), 365.

— (Perdix), 180.

— (Turnix), 180, is I.
variegatus (Certhiony.\), 40U. 401.

— (Cuculus), 293.

— (Numenius), 220.

— (Oriolus), 434.

— (Polopliilus), 297.

— (Tantalus). 220.
variolosus (Cuculus), 293.
varius (Carbo). 241.

— (Psephotu.s), 276, 277,
vegeta (Zosterops), 385.

( 655 )

volatus (Psittacus), 200.
velox (Hemipodius), 182.

— (Rhantistes), 203.

— (Tuinix), 182.
ventralis (Gallinula). 194.

— (Tribonyx), 194, 19.'j.
venu.s (Acanthiza), 348.
venustus (Artamus), 3GS.

— (Platycercus), 272.

— (Psittacus), 272, 277.
veredus (Charadriiis), 217.
versicolor (Corviis), 444

— (Pitta), 298, 299.

— (Ptilotis), 406.

— (Strepera), 444. 445.

— (Sylvia), 295.

— (Trichoglossus), 259-01.
verticabs (Platycercus), 447.

— (Psittacus), 447.

victoriae (Acanthorliynchua), 398.

— (Alcyone). 285.

— (Climacteris), 382.

— (Colluricincla), 3G9.

— (Excalfactoria), 179.

— (Malurus), 358.

— (Menura), 298.

— (Microeca), 302.

— (Platycercus), 270.

— (Podargus). 282.

— (Ptiloris), 441.

— (Rliipidura). 318.
vieilloti (Sphecotheres), 436.

— (Strepera), 444

vigorsi (Cincloramplius). 339.

— (Petroica), 305, 306.
vinitineta (Jlerula), 450.
vinitinctus (Melithreptus), 392.

— (Turdus), 450.
vinotincta (Turnix), 182.
vinotinctus (AUsteranus), 433.
violaceus (Ptilonorhynchus), 437, 438.

— (Pyrrhocorax), 438.
virescens (Kitta), 438.

— (vSphecotheres), 436.

— (Sturnus), 393.
viridescens (Smicrornis), 307.
viridior (Pachycepliala), 316.

— (Sericornis), 355
viridis (Australasia), 259.

— (Cacatua), 263.

— (Calyptorhynchus), 263.

— (Gracula), 434.

— (Manorina), 416.

— (Oriolus), 439.

— (Philemon), 421.

— (Psittacus), 274, 280.

— (Ptilonorhynchus), 438.

viridis (Sphecotlieres), 430.
viscivorus (Turdus), 339.
vittata (MeUjOiaga), 405.

— (Muscicapa), 306.

— (Petroica), 306

— (Procellaria), 204
vittatus (Caprimulgus), 284.

— (Cypselus), 292.

— (Prion), 203.
voUtans (Turdus), 323.
vulgaris (Menura), 298.
Vultur, 247.

walgetti (Ptilotis), 405.
waller! (Strix), 258.

— (Tyto), 258.

wardelli (Piezorhynchus), 324.
warreni (Sericornis), 356
wayensis (Calamanthus), 338

— (Gerygone), 308.

— (Myzantha), 418.

— (Zonaegintluis), 428.
wei (Acanthagenys), 421.
n eiskei (Climacteris), 383
welLsi (Climacteris), 381
westernensis (Dacnis), 385.

— (Gliciphila), 399.

— (Zosterops), 385.
Hestralasianus (Halcyon), 289.
westralensis (Botaurus), 235.

— (Milvus), 250.

— (Petroica), 306.

— (Myzomela), 396.

— (Oreoica), 377.

— (Pardalotus), 388.

— (Seisura), .323.

— (Smicrornis), 308.
westraliensis (Coracina), 326.

— (Epthianura), 341.
westraljs (Pelecanus), 244.
whiteae (Corcorax), 446.
whitei (Amytornis), 360.

— (Certhionyx), 401.

— (Colluricincla). 370.

— (Diaphorillas), 306.

— (FalcuncuUis), 37()

— (Lacustroica), 401.

— (Malurus), 358, 359.

— (Myzantha), 417.

— (Platalea), 229.

— (Platycercus), 273.

— (Rhipidura), 318.

— (Tribonyx), 194.

— (Trichoglossus), 260.
whitlocki (Acanthiza), 348.

— (Charadrius), 218.

43

( 656 ;

whitlocki (Glcissopsitta), 260.

— (Hylaeola), 333.

— (Melitliieptus), 391.

— (Ocyphaps), 191.

— (Pardalotus), 389.

— (Platycercus), 273.

wilsoni (Acanthorhynchus), 398.

— (Megalurus), 344.
wilsonii (Procellaria), 199.
woodwardi (Amytornis), 366.

— (Anthochaera), 419

— (CoUuricinela), 370.

— (Diaphorillas), 366.

— (Dromiceius), 175.

— (Eudyptula), 199.

— (Mirafra). 42,5, 426.
wyndhami (Chrysococcyx), 295.

— (Ptilotis), 411.

xantliopygus (Pardalotus), 389
xanthorrhoa (Psephotus), 275.
xanthorrhous (Psephotus), 275, 276.
Xanthotis, 414.
xantliotis (Certhia), 410.
Xenorhync)ius, 229.
Xerophila, 377, 378.

yarra (Manorina), 410.

— (Ptilotis), 413..
yoiki (Caprimulgus), 291.

— (Dioaeum), 387.

— (Lalage), 329.

— (Myiagra), 321.

— (Pitta), 299.

youQgi (Pachycephala), 313.

xanthanotus (Calyptorhynclius), 262.
xantliogaster (Platycercus), 271.
— (Todus), 316.
xantliogenys (Platycercus), 273.
xantliroprocta (Pachycephala), 449.
xanthopus (Turdus), 450.

zietzi (Acanthiza), 347.

— (Psephotus), 278.
Zonaeginthus, 426-8.
zonarius (Platycercus), 274, 275.

— (Psittacus), 274.
Zonifer, 215, 216.
Zosterops, 384-6, 450, 451.

Printed by Hazell, Watson £ Viney, Ld., London and Aylfshury.

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NOVITATES ZoOLOCiCAE, VOL. XVIll. 1911.

Pl. 11.

Talaeocobax .moeiorum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fi<r. 1.

II ~'

„ 3.

,1 4.

„ 5.

.1 6,

» 8)

„ 10.

I, 11,

„ 12.

„ 26.

„ 25.

„ 19.

„ 31.

„ 32.

„ 20.

» 14,

„ 15,

I, 16i

99

,1 23,

„ 17.

„ 29.

„ 30.

„ 18.

,1 33.

„ 34.

„ 35.

I, 37.

I, 36.

„ 38.

„ 39.

Plate in.

H)/pninolis palmeri Rothsch. ....

I, purpurascens Hmpsu. (for comparison)
Palaeomolis garleppi Rothscli.

,, liampsnni „

Pygarctia fusca Rothscli.
7. Ihjpomolis {Chlorhoda) tlioracica Rothsch., i ?
9. Seirarctia jacltsoiii, Rothsch.

Diacrisia turhidn montanu, S , Rothsch.
1 3. „ eldoiaclo, c? ? , Rothsch. .
„ semperi „

)i „ roseata Rothsch.

„ cajetani Rothsch. .
„ khasiana „ ...

,, sumatrensis continentalis Rothsch.
„ pelliicida Rothsch. .
Pericallia everetti

21.
27

lasti

to grenns

„ dulla borealix Rothsch. (belongs

Amsacta, fide Hampson)
28. „ wiUiami Rothsch.

„ wliitelu'adi „

24. Ecpantheria burmeisteri Rothsch.
,, melanoleuca ,,

„ oslari „

Apantesis fasciata pi/renaica „

Halisidota nnapltcoides Rothsch,, Ann. Mag. (8) 4. p. 223
Acantharctia pembertoni Rothsch. = Pydna pembertoni

(Rothsch.) Notodont genns

Acantharctia ansorgei Hothsch

Amsacta baxteri „

„ aureoUmbata „ .....

„ ansorgei '^'0a9,v)a..=.Estigmene ochreomarginata

B. Baker

Estigmene laglaizei Rothsch. .....

„ liparidioides Rothsch. — Zana aurifodinae
Dist. {Sotodont)

Nov.

ZOOL.

l. xvii. p. J 74

yj

p. 175

J>

p. 175

»

p. 175

>>

p. 176

j»

p. 176

))

p. 145

u

p. 150

jj

p. 150

jj

p. 151

ij

p. 151*

?»

p. 148

?j

p. 147

?»

p. 134

?)

p. 167

)»

p. 168

j>

p. 168

))

p. 170

)j

p. 170

V

p. 172

M

p. 174

,,

p. 174

p. 174

)j

p. 69

»>

p. 156

»

p. 156

)?

p. 157

)t

p. 157

>'

p. 157

J»

p. 163

p. 103

NoviTATF.s ZooLouic.€ Vol, XVllI. 191

PI.

% 0 #

C!' ^- ..<.!?'»■• '

J

^

^" ..g^^a^

j^^^jts,-

0

Repr: A. Frisch. Berlin W

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Plate IV.

Nov.

200L.

Fig- 1,

37. ITi/ponerita persimilis Rothsch.

vol. xvi.

p. 299

„ 4.

„ similis „ ...

J)

p. 299

9

5.

„ laviiiia Drnce (for comparison)

" 1-

NeritOi

granatina Rothsch

)j

p. 292

)> '•

jj

inequalis „ ....

vol. xvii

. p. 73

„ 8.

>?

dnicei ,, ....

??

]i. 73

„ 33.

J)

hamp&oni ,, ....

. vol. xvi.

p. 292

„ 34.

jj

triangularis „ ....

vol. xvii

p. 73

„ 35.

)>

androconiata „ ....

JJ

]). 73

„ 3.

J)

poli/xenoides (as Paranerita) Rothsch.

vol. xvi.

ji. 297

„ 36.

j>

lavendidue lavendulae Rothsch.

vol. xvii

. I). 73

„ 32.

»)

rosacea Rothsch

• J)

11. 72

„ 38.

Halisidota aurantiaca „ ....

J)

p. 03

„ 39.

JT

nebulosa „ ....

JJ

]). 64

„ 24.

»

maasse/ii „ ....

JJ

p. 69

" ^';

1J

rufocinnamomea Rothsch. .

JJ

!>. 69

)i 18* „

mmcos'i Rothsch

JJ

p. 69

„ 15.

Turupt

iana ocltendeni „ . . . .

vol. xvi.

p. 296

„ 12.

Diospage vioUtincta „ . . . .

vol. xvii

p. 82

„ 13.

)»

steinhachi „ . . . .

JJ

p. 81

„ 14.

jj

engelkei u •

JJ

p. 82

„ 30.

Agorea

citrinotincta „ . . . .

JJ

p. 71

„ 31.

ji

nigrostriata „ . . . .

JJ

p. 71

„ 19.

Diaoisia turbida montana, ? , Rothsch.

j>

p. 146

„ 9.

>»

pseudomaenas Rothsch. = D. venosa Moore

JJ

p. 131
p. 606
p. 132

„ 10.

)>

pilosa Rothsch

JJ

„ 26.

JJ

kamiegieteri Rothsch.

JJ

p. 132

„ 27.

JJ

everetti „ ...

JJ

p. 132

„ 16.

JJ

unilinea „ . .

JJ

p. 133

„ 20,

25. Diaaisia cymhalopJioroidea Rothsch.

JJ

p. 134

„ 23.

„ pseudolutea „

JJ

p. 134

„ 27.

„ mult i guttata major „

JJ

p. 138

„ 28.

„ jachsoni Rothsch.

JJ

p. 140

,1 1")

22.

„ mee/fi „ . . . .

JJ

p 144

„ 18.t

„ fratcrna „ . . . .

JJ

p. 145

„ 29.

„ turbida woodlarkiana Rothsch.

• Top of I'late. f Bottom of PI«

te.

JJ

p. 145

NoviTATEs ZooLOGic/E Vol. XVIII. 191

PI. IV

Repr. : A. Frisch, BerlitiVV

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Plate V.

Nov. ZOOL.

Fig. 1(5. Opharus albescens Rothsch., Ann. Mag. (8)4. p. 223 ; vol. xvii. p.

„ fasciatns „ „ „ (8) 4. p. 228

„ albotestaceus „ „ „ (8) 4. p. 223

Amastus umber „ ......

Elysius pseudotricijpha Rothsch., Ann. Mag. (8) 4. p. 22"

„ tric>jplioides
„ felderi
„ castanea
Peloch/ta atra, S ?

„ „ (8) 4. p. 227

Ann. Mag. (8) 4. p. 226
,, (8) 4. p. 226

Ann. May. (8) 4. p. 216

18
23
25
3
15.
27.
22.

31. Ualisidota distincta Rothsch.
17. „ affinis ,.
29. „ jonesi „
3U. ., pseudoconiata Rothsch

20. „ falacroides „

21. „ subterranea „
28. „ moeschleri ,,

32. „ dinellii .,

33. „ cuneipuncta ,,
19. Automolis felderi Rothsch., Ann. Mag. (8) 4. p.

36. „ testacea „ {Hypomolis is correct genus)

6. Prumala ockendeni „

7. „ afjjnis „

8. „ similis „

9. Demolis Jlavot/torax ,,

10. Neaxia costaricensis ,.
14. Carat his affinis „
43. „ ockendeni ,,
26. Tricypha nigrescens „

37, 38. Meles-ie drucei, S i , Rothsch.
39. „ hebetis Rothsch.
40,41. „ sordida, c? ? , Rothsch.
42. „ hampsoni „
35. Parevia mathani Rothsch.

34. Areomolis peri<i/Hilis „
1 . Ochrodota funebris „
5. Ischnocampa griseola ,, A/
4. Sgntarctia fasciata „

11, 12. Rhodogastria omissa, cJ ? , Rothsch.
13. „ maynijica „

. May. (8) 4. p. 228
„ (8) 4. p. 227

P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
I'-
1'-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-

50
50
50
53

44
44
44
45
40
58
59
62
63
59
59
59
63
63
28
18
10
10
10
15
15
38
38
40
30
3(1
■'A
■A
17
17
36
46
38
184
183

N.IVITATES ZuOLualC/EV,,L XVIII. 191

PI. V

Repr.: A. Frisch, Berlin W

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig

. 17.

)>

18.

»J

19.

J>

16.

>»

21.

J»

34.

J»

35.

»?

15,

))

26.

)>

10.

J)

36.

?J

14,

J>

27.

))

28.

J>

29.

J)

30.

»

31.

J?

32.

»

33.

»

23.

?J

22.

J>

9,

Ji

4,

j»

6,

»

1.

o

>i

•^j

»

20.

ji

13.

Plate VI.

Neritos abdominalis Rothsch. .....

Automolis multicolor „ Ann. Mag. (8) 4. p. 224
Rhodof/astria crokeri solomoni.^ Rothsch. .
,, bijiartita Rothsch.

„ alherti „ ...

„ rothi „ ...

„ roseomarginata Rothsch.

25. ,, piepersi Snellen ....

Diacrisia porthesioides Rothsch.
Euchlaenidia ockendeni „ ...

Virbia fasciata Rothsch

24. Turuptiana thursbyi, S S , Rothsch.
Utetkeisa pulchelloides stigmata ,,
„ pectinata ruberrima „

„ callima dilutior ,,

„ callima. Swinhoe (for comparison)
„ sumatiana Rothsch. ....

Axiopoeniella lasti „ . . . .

„ laymerisa (Grand.) (for comparison)

Teracotona buryi Rothsch. ....

„ batesi „ ....

12. „ homey cri „ ....

11. Antarcda fosteri, c? ? , Rothsch .
6. „ aurantiaca, cJ ? , „

Proschaliphoia butfi Rothsch. ....

Procanthea 7iivea Rothsch. = Lacipa gemmata Dist-
{Lymantriid) ......

Antarctia marmorata Roth sell.
3. „ felderi, S 'i „
Pericallia puella Stand.
Larva of Antarctia vulpina Moeschl.
Larva without number is larva of Expantheria persola Moeschl

Nov.

ZOOL.

vol. xvii

. p. 72

»)

p. 18

n

p. 184

TJ

p. 186

»)

p. 186

M

p. 183

• »♦

p. 183

tl

p. 185

fl

p. 186

1^

p. 75

!>

p. 79

>»

p. 170

»>

p. 182

J>

p. 182

»J

p. 182

J»

p. 182

JJ

p. 182

'J

p. 181

* M

p. 181

.

p. 181

.

J). 17H

JJ

p. 179

)>

p. 180

J»

]>. 18U

)J

p. 178

J»

p. 180

NoviTATEs Zoologic/eVol. XVllI. 191

n. VI

Repr.: A. Frisch, Berlin W

N"VirATES Zooi.ouic./t Vol.. XVlll. 191

r'l. VII

Repr : A. Friscli, Berlin W

Falcinellus astrapioides Rothsch.

NoviTATEs ZooLOGic/E Vol. XVllI. 191

PI. VllI

^

M,,\<

Kepr A. Frisch, Berlin W

Astrapia rothschildi FOrst.

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y
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ifi

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>

O

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X

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5
o

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N

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■S 3

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL

'ig. 1. Sides unstriped ; typical " House Sparrow," the lilaok bates to the feathers of the crown,
which are characteristic for Pn^cr flonieslieii.i Unrjilmuis, noticeable, but little developed.
Batna, 14. v. 1909. (W. Rothschild, E. Hartert and C. Hilgert leg.)

2. Faint indications of lateral stripes, black on feathers of crown very little morp developed
than in 1.

El Kantara, 4. iii. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

3. Sides unstriped, crown aa in 1, but with a few chestnut spots.
Hammam R'hira, 8. v. 1908. (W. Rothschild and E. Hartert leg.)

4. Like 3, but a little more chestnut on crown.
Batna, 14, v. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

„ 5. Crown with dark brown spots, indications of lateral stripes.

Hammam Meskoutine, 19. v. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

6. Crown with much black, indications of lateral stripes.

Bordj Saada, south of Biskra. 3. iii. 190S. (W. R. and E. H. leg.)

7. Black on crown feathers much extended, sides unstriped.
Hammam Meskoutine, '28. v. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

8. Black on crown much e.xtended, distinct though narrow lateral shaft-lines.
Bou R'mes, near El Oued, 7. iv. 1009. (W. E., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

9. Hinder part of crown chestnut, sides unstriped.
Batna, 14. v. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

10. Crown mixed with chestnut, sides unstriped.
Algiers, G. v. 1908. (W. R. and E. H. leg.)

11. Crown mixed, sides faintly striped with dusky.

Hotel Victoria, Biskra, 7. iii. 1908. (W. R. and E. H. leg.)
1>. Like 11.

Hotel Victoria, Biskra, 24. iii. 1908. (W. R. and E. H. leg.)

13. Like 11, but lateral stripes hardly indicated.
Bi.skra, 7. iii. 1908. (W. R. and E. H. leg.)

14. Like 11, sides unstriped.

El Oued, 8. iv. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

15. Crown chestnut with little black and grey, sides not striped.
Biskra, 25. iii. 1908. (W. R. and E. H. leg.)

If). Crown mostly black, lateral stripes barely indicated.
Batna, 14. v. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

17. Crown chestnut with black patch, lateral stripes merely indicated.
Hammam Meskoutine, 24. v. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

18. Crown as in 15, sides of breast with black stripes.

Hammam Meskoutine, 24. v. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

19. Crown uniform chestnut, back with much chestnut, sides widely striped with black.

Plumage worn.
Touggourt, 2. iv. 1909. (W. R., E. H. and C. H. leg.)

20. Crown-feathers chestnut with grey edges, which would leave crown chestnut if worn ofiE,

sides not distinctly striped. Plumage not worn.
Touggourt, 26. iii. 1904. (E. Flilckiger leg.)

(See pages 479-482)

NoviTATEs ZooLOGic* Vol XVllI. 1911

PI. XI

A A

'^ 15

kkkkk

Repr.: A. Friscli, Berlin W

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XII., XIIL, XIV.
Plate Xn.

Fig. I. Poli/cte/ies molosxm, ? adnlt
2 9

,. '-i. „ ., immature

4

5T ~' »1 »1 11

p. 569

p. 569

p. 569

p. 569

Plate XIIL

Fig. 5. Rocteues ni/cteridis, ? adnlt

., ''• ., ' „ ? ,, ...

„ 7. ,, „ ? ,, right hind tarsus

„ 8. ,, „ immature

„ 9. Eoctcnas intertne.(lius, cJ, fore tarsus .

p. 575
p. 575
p. 675
p. 575
p. 574

Plate XIV.

Fig. 10. Ailrocteiu'g Iwrcatki, ? adult

'1 11. }, ,, . .

,, 12. „ „ spines of clipeus.

,, 13. „ „ right hind tarsus

p. o / .

p. 577

p. 577

p. 577

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XVIII. 1911.

Pl. XII.

K. J. del

'^^^fll)

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XVIII. 1911.

Pl. XIll.

K. J. del.

NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE, VOL. XVIll. 1911.

Pl. XIV.

K. J. del.

>

>

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>

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o
N

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't:. ^

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•/^.

15

r\.^

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z

NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE, VOL. XVIII. 1911.

PL. XVI.

Hrf*fc*

HCENBRV AT IIaMM\M M |;>-K i M 'I'l \ l

Hot WATKKFAI.l. AT IIaMMAM .Ml'JMviHTlNK

>

X

>

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>

o
N

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my.>:'f m

?^MM13

iiimiti

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VoL. XVlll. 1911.

Pl. XVIII.

■ IIi^l, iiF llI.ATor

■^/r-.

O.ASis OK El Kantara.

i

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X

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>

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o
N

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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE. VoL XVIII 1^11.

PL, XX.

N'l in 'A H I -111 N ),V/i

li.Mii'K Willi '-]..>l MiilK XI >n- ■> ,i/"ft.>

NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, VOL. XVIII 1911.

PL. XXI.

ViLL.IliK AND ri.\Bl)f;NS OF Ol'.MASH.

X
X

o
>

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NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE. VOL. XVIIl. 1911.

Pl XXIII.

DATK-I'ALMS at KI, (H'Ki>

.WNl) DINKS IIKTWKK-N Kl. ClfUll AM) T(il'i;i;ill'IIT

'••«&

gz3l&^

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NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE, VoL. XVIIl. 1911.

PL XXV.

DAVAT (II'' TlI.HHKMf'T; IILP BkTOI'JIS; AUAIl 1)111

NoVrTATES ZOOLOCICAE, VoL XVIII 1911

PL. XXVI.

^jSmj&l.j .i jsjuiidil

*.'*«E__: rff*''

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