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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL.
Vou. XX., 1913.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
EF Fournal of Zoology
IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.
EDITED BY
Tort Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Px.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, anp Dr. K. JORDAN.
Woe. 1913.
(WITH FIFTEEN PLATES.)
IssuED At THE ZooLtocicaL Museum, Trine.
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lpv., LONDON AND AYLESBURY,
1913—1914,
ieee.
4
i
to
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XX. (191
GENERAL SUBJECTS.
Expedition to the Central Western Sahara by Ernst Hartert (Plates
I.-XII. and XV.):
I. Narrative 2 2 :
OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS
II. Mammals.
TI. Ruminants. Ernst Harterr .
IV. Birds. Ernst Harrerr . : :
V. Reptiles and Batrachians. Ernsr Harrert
VI. Coleoptera. L. von Heypen .
VII. Lepidoptera. WaAtrer Roruscuiip
VIII. Siphonaptera, Kart Jorpan and N, Crarues eee HILD
TX. Pflanzen. G. SCHWEINFURTH .
X. Névroptéres. Lonorn Navas . ;
XI. On Ovis lervia Pallas. Watrer Rorascuiip
XII. Diptera. Ernest E. Austen (Part 1)
XII. Rhynchota—Homoptera. W. L. Distanr
XIV. Odonata. F, Ris ‘ : . : ;
XIVa. Corrections to No. VIL fie pinion’): WaALrerR KornscHiLp .«
XV. Rhynchota—Heteroptera. G. Hory ATH .
XVI. Hymenoptera (PI. XV.) F. D. Morice .
XVII. Orthoptéres. Ianacto Borivar .
MAMMALIA.
Some Notes on the Genera Zaglossus and Tachyglossus.
List of Mammals obtained by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Ernst Hartert
and Carl mere in Western Algeria during 1913, OLpriELp
THOMAS
See subject ‘‘ General,” Nos, IT., IIf. and XI.
WALTER RoTHSCHILD
AVES.
Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Reise von Paul Spatz in die Algerische
Sahara im Sommer 1912 (mit einer Routenskizze), O.Grar Zepiirz
Critical Notes on the types of little-known species of Neotropical Birds.
Part II. C, E, Hetimayr
On some Australian forms of Zyto. Watrer Roruscuitp and Ernst
HARTER? .
Der Wanderfalke und die Peas ctias, Benet Brera .
Ornithologische Miszellen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. II. Teil.
ERwin SPRESEMANN .
3).
PAGES
97
28—33
33-30
37—16
76—84
85—108
109—143
143—144
145—163
444458
459— 460
460—465
465—467
468—469
469
592—597
598—602
603—615
188—191
586—591
98 — 37
164—186
227—256
280—284
284—288
289—324
ec)
6. Die Végel von Bali, Erwin StreseMANN : ; ?
7. List of the Collections of Birds made by Albert 8. Meek in the lower ranges
of the Snow Mountains, on the Hilanden River, and on Mount
Goliath, during the years 1910 and 1911, Watrer Roruscntip
and Ernst Harrerr
8. See subject “General,” No. IV .
REPTILIA AND BATRACHIA.
1. See subject “General,” No. V.
COLEOPTERA.
1, The Oriental Anthribidae of the Van de Poll Collection. K. Jorpan.
2. Some New Anthribidae from Africa. K, Jorpan
See subject “General,” No. VI. .
LEPIDOPTERA.
1. Descriptions of two new Colias and some African Syntomidae. WALTER
RoruscHiLp 5
2. New Lithosianae (continuation from Vol, XIX.) Watrer Rorascui.p
3. Some New Lepidoptera from German New Guinea. Water Roruscainp ,
4, Notes on Jxias undatus Butler, with the description of the unknown female.
Warrer Rorascnitp
5. Contributions to a Knowledge of the Sub-families Oenochrominae and
Hemitheinae of Geometridae. Louis B. Provr
6. Notes on Palaearctic Zygaenidae. K. JorpAN ; : .
7. Some unfigured Syntomidae (Plates XIII. and XIV.) Wauvrer Rornscump
8. Description of Two New Syntomids, Wa.rer Rorascninp.
9, See subject “General,” Nos, VII. and X1Va.
SIPHONAPTERA.
1 Stphonaptera collected by Mr. Robin Kemp in Tropical Afriea, K. Jorpan
and N. Cartes Roruscuiip
2, See subject “General,” No, VIII.
Diptera, Hymenoptera, Newroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Rhynchota.
See subject “General,” Nos. X. and XII.—_XVII.__,
INDEX ,
PAGES
325—387
473—5b27
37—76
76—84
257—377
582—585
85—108
187—188
192—226
278—279
279
388— 442
442443
470—472
591
109—143
and 469
528—581
143—144
444—615
617—656
LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME XxX.
I.—XI. Photographs from the Sahara, taken by E. Hartert,
XII. Map of the Algerian Sahara, By E. and Cl. Hartert.
XIII.
- Syntomidae. By Horace Knight.
|
xiv.J
XV. Hymenoptera, from photographs by F. D. Morice.
The Parts of this Volume were issued as follows :
a
3:
4,
. 1, containing pages 1—256 and Plates I.—XII., issued February 24th, 1913.
containing pages 257—472, issued June 17th, 1913.
containing pages 473—615 and Plates XIIT.—XV., issued October 21st, 1913,
containing pages 617—656, issued February 1914.
ERRATA.
Page 15, line 12 from top, read 106 instead of 102.
29, No. 8, the subspecific name is misspelt and should be rozsikae ; see footnote
on p, 589.
75, line 18 from bottom, add “nearly” between the last two words “and all.”
143, top line, the generic name should be Phthorimaea.
237, line 11 from bottom, should read: Fringilla fuliginosa, Wied, Beitr. Naturg.
Bras. ete.
350, line 20 from top, the generic name should be Lucichla.
475, line 10 from bottom, read: Clytomyias, not Clytomyia.
485, lines 19 and 20 from top, read musschenbroekii instead of muschenbrocki.
» 522, No, 212, read magnifica magnifica instead of magnificus.
,, 936, line 2 from top, read felis instead of felix.
» 542, No. 19, specifie name should read: Ayparetes not hyperetes.
3, I XO,
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
A Fournal of Zoology.
EDITED BY
Tae Hoy. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, ann Dr. K. JORDAN.
VOL. XX.
No. 1.
Paces 1—256.
Prates I.—XII.
Issuep Frsruary 240, av vHE ZoonocicaL Museum, Trina.
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lp, LONDON AND AYLESBURY,
1913.
Ls
bo
. CRITICAL
Vou. XX.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAL
EDITED BY
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. J.
EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN SAHARA BY ERNST HARTERT
(Puates I.— XI. anp Map, Piare XIT.)
TI, Narrative
. Mammars
. Roumiants
. Birps
V. Reprites and Barracutans
. COLEOPTERA
. Leprpoprrera
. SIPHONAPTERA .
. PFLANZEN
ORNITHOLOGISCHE ERGEBNISSE DER
REISE VON PAUL SPATZ IN DIE
ALGERISCHE SAHARA IM SOMMER
1912 (Ahit einer Routenskizze)
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW COLIAS
AND SOME AFRICAN SYNZOMIDAE ,
. SOME NOTES ON THE GENERA ZAGLOSSUS
AND TACHYGLOSSUS
NEW ‘LITHOSIANAE (Continuation FROM
Vor, XIX.) .
NOTES ON THE TYPES OF
LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF WNEO-
TROPICAL BIRDS.—Parr IT. .
Oldfield Thomas
Ernst Hartert
Ernst Hartert
Ernst Hartert
L. von Heyden
Walter Rothschild .
Karl Jordan and N.
Charles Rothschild
G@, Schweinfurth
O. Graf Zedlitz
Walter Rothschild .
Walter Rothschild .
Walter Rothschild .
CO, E. Hellmayr
Paars
197)
28—33
33—37
37—76
76—84
85—108.
109—143
143—144
145—163
164—186
187—188
188—191
192—226
to
wo
=~
— 256
Lis] -
: ad
= v
g
Vol. XX. FEBRUARY 1913. No. 1.
‘EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN SAHARA.
By ERNSI HARTERT, Pu.D.
[Pintes I.—XI. and Map (Pl. XII).
EXPLANATION OF SOME ARAB AND OTHER WORDS USED IN THE NARRATIVE.
Ain = source. (Water rising from the ground, artesian wells and others.)
Berber = the original inhabitants of Africa Minor, to which the Kabyles, Shauia,
Zenata, Chaamba, Touareg and others belong.
Bir, plural Biar = artificial wells, generally with artificial walls.
Bordj = vest-houses; generally used for the rest-houses built by the French military
authorities, intended for officers or men, but also permitted to other Europeans,
Chaambi, plural Chaamba = a desert tribe of Berber origin. Formerly dreaded robbers,
like the Touareg, now generally peaceful. Excellent camel-men and travellers,
Chott = salt lake, but mostly dry ; depression with salt, where sometimes water stands
after rain,
Dhomran = Traganum nudatum. Plant which is very good food for camels,
Erg (also Areq) = Region of the Sand-dunes.
Foggara, plural Feqgaquir = subterranean aqueduct, in galleries, in the central Sahara,
Gara, plural Gour = “ witnesses,” or remains of higher plateaus, in form of flat-
topped hills or mountains.
Gmira = larger or smaller pyramid-shaped stoneheaps serving as landmarks, by which
to find the way.
Hammada = stony desert, rocky plateau.
Hassi = wells due in sandy soil or in rocks; generally used for wells without artificial
walls, but in the farther south used for almost all wells built by men. (Apparently
not Arab, but Berber).
Mehari = riding camel—a special breed.
Oucd = river, or in the Sahara more generally river-bed, as rivers there very seldom
have water.
Sehcha or Sebkha = depression with salt and salsolaceous plants ; dry portions of Cott,
generally with some vegetation, sometimes under water,
Talha = acacias,
Tilmas = depression in an oued with water-holes ; water-holes.
The spelling of the geographical names is generally that of the French maps by
Prudhomme, Niox, and Nardin,
I.
NARRATIVE.
A ma having made three lengthy visits to Algeria, the ornithological results
: of which have been published in Novitutes Zoologicae, vol. xviii. pp. 456-950,
aud having become well acquainted with the birds of the Northern Algerian
Sahara, Mr. Walter Rothschild wished to extend our knowledge of the fauna of
the Western Sahara farther southwards. He therefore asked me to make an
expedition to In-Salah, the principal oasis of ‘idikelt, in the centre of the
1
(2)
Western Sahara, in order to explore the ornis of those parts of the desert, and
to collect other animals and birds as well, as far as time and opportunities
permitted.
We obtained, with the kind help of our friend Dr. H. C. Nissen, in Alger,
the kindest possible letters of recommendation from the Governor-General of
Algeria, his brother, the chief of his cabinet, and from the military authorities
to the commanding officers in the south, and completed our ontfit in Alger
and Biskra, which we left on February 20, 1912. I was fortunate to be
accompanied by Mr. Carl Hilgert, who had been with us to El-Oued in
1909 and to Ghardaia in 1911. The camels in Biskra have not a good name,
and I was warned not to buy any, because they were not accustomed to arduous
travels, and therefore not to be recommended for a journey-to In-Salah and back.
Thus I only hired the necessary animals and men as far as Touggourt, and I
believe this was the right course, although more expensive. The weather was
glorious, no more magnificent day being possible: a cloudless sky, calm and
warm, and the desert greener than we had ever seen it before. It had rained
much, I believe chiefly in November and December, and a great amount of small
vegetation and countless flowers were seen almost everywhere.
From Biskra one passes first through fields, and then through a clayey and
partially sandy plain with numerous low tamarisk bushes. Then one crosses the
Oued Djeddi, here very small, coming from the mountains of Aflou and Laghonat
and disappearing in the great Chott Melrhir, Here, a few hundred yards from the
river, lies Bordj Saada, a large caravanserai, near which we pitched onr tent
for the first time. It was a beautiful, though cold, night; cranes flew overhead
in the evening, calling loudly. The rich verdure of this winter was not so much
noticed in the low-lying plain near Biskra as here. Immediately south of Bordj
Saada begins a slightly elevated stony plain, and there it was that the great
difference between a fertile year, like the present one, and a dry one, like that of
1909,.was obvious. Not only were there many more plants, but butterflies were seen
in numbers: the common and widespread Pyrameis cardui and Pieris daplidice
(subsp.), the pretty yellow Luchloé charlonia, and on the plain south of Bordj Saada,
where it becomes less stony, less bare, aud where—near Bordj Chegga—Zizyphus
bushes are numerous, Melitaea didyma deserticola was far from rare, though mostly
more or less worn, /uchloi charlonia was observed as far south as Tamerna, though
rare there.
Farther southwards the country becomes more sandy, and there it is that,
a little northwards of Kef-el-Dor, birds peculiar to the sandy desert, such as
Gralerida theklae deichleri and Sylvia nana deserti, ave found, South of Kef-el-
Dor we descend into the great Chott Melrhir, now to a large extent actually
full of water, where three years ago only the “ mirage ” or “ fata morgana ” made
us believe that we saw lakes and trees; great masses of Sandgrouse, apparently
all Pterocles senegalus, were passing high overhead, coming from the water. We
were, however, greatly disappointed that we saw no water-birds whatever, though
quite recently many ducks had been seen, and near Bordj Saada we had found
three dead Flamingoes, which had killed themselves by striking the telegraph
wires, and hundreds of Flamingoes were observed some weeks afterwards near
Mraier by Frenchmen and Arabs.
At Noa-ben-Rzig we camped in the same place as in 1909, near the little
oasis of palm-trees (see Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 460). We were troubled by small
(3
flies, but not so much so as in the oasis of Ourir, where they were an almost,
unsupportable plague, and a perfect torture to the mules, whose ears became
swollen and stiff for a couple of days. The same pests occurred in Touggourt
and Ouargla, but we did not see them farther southwards, and it is remarkable
that in June they were quite absent.* We saw several times Pterocles alchata
flying overhead in greater and smaller troops, and obtained a few. Our last
‘samp before Touggourt was at Tamerna, on an open space between two large
oases. From Tamerna we made our last march to Touggourt—42 kilometres, This
march leads partly throngh very dreary and uninteresting sebcha, mostly covered
with nothing but one kind of plant, a Sad/cornia, forming thick bolster-like bushes,
partly through sand with very little vegetation and no dunes. Hardly a bird
was noticed except the “muka” (Alaemon alaudipes), and once a pair of Sylvia
deserticola, of which we shot one.
From February 26 to March 2 we remained in Tonggourt. Most of the
time was spent in buying camels and engaging men, and all this wouid have
taken longer had it not been for the kind help of Mr. Henry Chazelles. We
made also some excursions into the gardens. Of butterflies we saw frequently
one species of Lycaena (L. lysimon), Colias croceus (= edusa auct.), Pyrameis
cardui, the common Pieris rapae, and once a Pyrameis atalanta. Of birds, Lanius
excubitor elegans, Turtur senegalensis aegyptiacus, and Sparrows were common ;
while of migrants only Motacilla alba alba and Phylloscopus collybita, the latter
sometimes singing, were observed. The little Scops-owls (Otus scops scops), which
were common in April 1909, were absent, but Zyto albu (Barn-owls) were noisy
on a tower in the fort—where, however, we could not shoot them.
At last, on March 2, I had bought sixteen camels and hired two mehari (riding-
camels), as I could not buy any of the latter. In addition to Ahmed, our cook,
translator, and headman and his assistant, both from Biskra, I engaged a guide and
eight Arabs, all nomads, some of whom had travelled far and wide in the Sahara.
The guide, Abd-el-Kader ben-Lakhdar, and two others were former soldiers and had
seen service in Morocco and Tidikelt. These three were granted military rifles and
ammunition by the authorities, and I had all the men inscribed at the Bureau
Arabe, where my wishes were attended to with the greatest kindness.
On March 3 we left Touggourt for the south. We passed the rich and exten-
sive oases and towns of Temacin and Zaouia Tamellath, where a great marabu
resides, and marched about 24 km., as far as Bled-el-Ahmar, Bledet-Ahmar
or Bledet-Tamar, a large village, beyond which we camped. All the way from
Tonggourt leads through monotonous sebcha, in places rather slippery, and
intervening belts of sand with very scanty vegetation. No interesting birds were
seen, except at Bledet-Ahmar some Crested Larks ((ralerida cristata arenicolor),
and Grey Shrikes, and it is remarkable that this is the southernmost place on
this route where the long-billed Crested Lark is found, At this place we saw, ou
the edge of the gardens, two white butterflies, one of which we caught: a fresh
Euchloé belemia’ This is the southernmost place where it is known to oceur,
The fall moon rose with the wonderful brilliancy of the desert, and the evening
delivered us from the irritating, tiny sand-flies and a kind of yellowish guat that
bit in the daytime and which we encountered only in this place.
* According to Mr. E. E. Austen these flies are Leptoconops hertészi Kieffer, only described as late
as 1908 in Ann. Mus, Nat. Hung, vi. from Cairo,
(4)
From Bledet-Ahmar we made a long march and pitched camp in a sandy
plain. All the way led through low, rolling sand-hills, like the frozen waves of
the sea in a quiet “swell,” intermixed with stones and pebbles, but there were
hardly any dunes. The sand was, for desert sand, fairly rich in vegetation, the
bushes of Refama raetam reaching a height of two metres; Limoniastrum
quyonianum was flourishing, but not yet in flower, the “ Drin” (Aristida pungens)
being frequent, Euphorbia guyoniana and many little flowering plants of which
I do not know the names. The birds peculiar to such districts, Alaemon alaudipes
with its melancholy song, the pretty Sylvia nana deserti hopping in and out the
bushes, here and there Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor running along the
ground and almost invisible at even a short distance, because it so perfectly
matches the colour of the sand and stones. Twice the somewhat rare desert-
sparrow, Passer simplex saharae, was seen and shot, once Galerida thehklae
deichleri, and a Raven, which, however, was too shy for us. We passed a very poor
village, half engulfed in sand, many honses forsaken, the palms of a poor
appearance, the water rather bad and not very clean. In the palm-trees Lanius
excubitor elegans was seen. The night had been cold, but the day was warm.
Insects and reptiles were rather scarce, while later on in the year many more are
obvious. We saw here and there a Pyrameis cardui sailing wildly across the path,
and once a Pieris daplidice (subsp.).
The camp, in the clean sandy plain, was very peaceful and picturesque. A
LRhizotrogus-like beetle flew round the fires at night, but the low temperature with
a bright moon spoiled the catch of lepidoptera,
On March 5 we left the sandy tract and encountered a bare gravel-plain with
very scanty vegetation. No birds enlivened it except Ammomancs phoenicurus
arenicolor, here and there a forlorn Alaemon alaudipes and the Cream-coloured
Jursor. In spite of the short time before moonrise and the bare surroundings,
some Noctuidae and Pyralidae came to the light at our camp at the Hassi
Mahmar. The country from Hassi Mahmar onwards remains the same, only still
barer, and interspersed with stony patches and low flat-topped table-hills, where
Lvythrospiza githaginea occurs. Av hour before the Hassi Avefidji sand-waves
with huge Retam-bushes, Drin and Euphorbia set in. Here Grey Shrikes were
common, and their eggs taken; Crateropus fulcus and Sylvia nana deserti, also
Galerida theklae deichleri became quite numerous. A female of Oenanthe
(Saxicola) deserti and a flight of about 30 Calandrella brachydactyla on passage
were seen. It was again a grand night, and we hoped fora good collecting day
along the sands, but unfortunately next morning the wind began to blow and
made collecting very difficult; moreover about 10 km. farther we got out of the
beautiful sand-wavyes and had to cross a tiresome sebcha with Salsolaceae only ;
towards midday sand-dunes appeared, but at the same time the wind became
stronger and so boisterous that we sometimes thought it would blow us over with
our camels, and that one could not see a hundred yards ahead. Thus we reached
the miserable village of Ngoussa, or Bour-Ngoussa, which reminded us strongly of
El-Oued, surrounded as it was by sand-dunes and the palm-gardens half hidden
from sight by depressions among the hills. In the morning we had found a negt,
with four eggs of Scotocerca inquieta saharae and shot a Galerida theklae deichleri
which had, apparently, already laid eggs.
It must here be emphasized that south of Hassi Arefidji Crested Larks were
seen for the last time, and that in all the country south from there no Crested
(5)
Larks of any kind occur! From Koenig’s work it was left uncertain whether any were
found near Onargla, but there are evidently none. We have in vain searched for
them around Ouargla, and from inquiries made too, it is evident that no Gulerida
is found there. As I have said before, the last Galerida cristata were seen at Bled-
el-Ahmar, south of Touggourt. This was the first of our feathered friends from
the northern desert to disappear, but many others were soon to follow.
Having at last arrived at the village, we found the Bordj had collapsed, only
an open verandah and one room remaining standing. This welcome shelter we
occupied, and praised our luck that we had not encountered this weather yesterday
among the open sand-dunes of Arefidji; for the gale came in heavy gusts, and the
air was thick. We were just skinning our birds when a military doctor from
Onargla arrived on his way to Morocco, rid Biskra and Alger, with whom we had
to share the room, which was just big enough for three.
The gale diminished after midnight, and when we awoke in the morning it was
quite calm.
Yesterday we had practically seen the first migratory birds, and from now
not many days passed without migrants being observed. To-day, March 8, we noticed
Calandrella brachydactyla, numerous Phylloscopus (apparently all collybita), and
Motacilla alba. We rode as far as Ouargla, all the way through sand and sebcha
recently covered with sand, and before Ouargla we had to cross very high dunes of
a warm rufous colour, thongh this reddish hue was only due to a layer of red
sand covering the usual whitish yellow dunes. Passer simplex saharae was again
met with.
Arriving at eleven o’clock on the crest of the dunes, we saw Ouargla before us
in the distance, with a wide sheet of water to the left of the town; but it was still
a long and weary ride over a lifeless and absolutely uninteresting sebcha before
we reached the town, where we found primitive but tolerable accommodation in
Monsieur Irisson’s hotel.
Onargla (or Wargla) is an old town with an interesting history, but not a good
place for a zoologist, especially when he has to stay in the middle of the place, as
we were obliged to do, our chief object here being to complete our caravan and to
begin the march southwards. Down to Ouargla some zoological collecting had
been donie, south of it next to nothing. Koenig had visited Ouargla, and with him
Dr. Krauss, who collected some insects; Lataste had done good work here, with
his usual energy and success; and others had no doubt been there, since it is not
very difficult to reach the place.
No zoologist had, to my knowledge, ever been south of Ouargla.
Ouargla was founded many centuries ago by Berbers and Jews, and it is now
chiefly inhabited by Arabs of various tribes—Chaamba (an ancient Berber tribe),
and “hartani” (descendants of liberated slaves from the Western Sudan), with an
admixture of Jews converted to Islam in ancient times. All these races are more
or less mixed, and not easily recognised by a stranger, especially as most of the
Berbers are very black, resulting from the numerous negro women they used to
marry in the times of their raids on the Sudan tribes, and the darkening of their
skin is also favoured by the climate. There are also some M’zabites, who keep
shops ; and to the latter belong many of the date-palms, though others are claimed
by the Chaamba, who come here in great numbers in the autumn for the date-crop.
Thus only a fifth or so remains for the actual cultivators of the gardens, the
“haratins,” who yery seldom are owners of any property at all. In former times
(6)
Onargla has been a great centre of commerce, especially when the M’zabites lived
there, who are now concentrated in the valley of the Oued M’zab, and when,
apparently, the caravan-route from Algeria vid Biskra—Touggourt—Onargla—In
Salah—Soudan was more frequented, slaves, ivory, and ostrich-feathers forming
the fortune of such caravans; while now the slave-trade is prohibited, ivory finds
its way direct to the west coast down the Niger and Senegal, and ostrich-feathers
are only brought in small quantities. Nevertheless, even now Onargla is an
important centre and much thought of by the Arabs.
~The old streets of Ouargla are narrow, many arched and half dark ; the soldiers’
barracks and houses of the officers are outside the town, in large new buildings.
The town is surrounded by an ancient crenellated wall, with loopholes and a
rampart-walk ; and a feature of the place are the two white minarets, 25 metres
high and close together. The old kasbah is no longer in existence, thongh its ruins
can be traced, The palm-groves, or “ gardens ’ * as they are always called by the
natives, are bare and generally in faiely: deep depressions, though watered by wells
as well as from the water of the sebcha. Every property being ‘enenoniled by high
mud-walls, progress and collecting in the gardens are difficult and tiresome. Flies
and the irritating little “sandflies” (Leptoconops hertésxi Wieffer, 1908) were
frequent, and later in the season Ouargla is very unhealthy; malarial fever
abounds, and it seems indeed as if Onargla is the most unhealthy of all the
Algerian oases.
We collected a large series of Sparrows, which are all red-headed! The only
other sedentary bird we found in the palm-groves was 7'vrtur senegalensis aegyp-
tiacus. No owls were seen, and we were assnred that the Scops-Owls were not
known; but this statement may be erroneous, since, possibly, they had not yet
arrived from the south. Of migrants we noticed Calandrella brachydactyla,
Phylloscopi, Motacilla alba alba, Anas crecea, Anas querquedula, Machetes pugnax,
some very shy males of Oenanthe oenanthe, three Totanus (rectius Tringa !)
stagnatilis, Totanus (Tringa) glottis, and, on March 9, the first few Chelidon
rustica.
Our interest was aroused in the Gara-Klima (or Gara-Krima), a flat-topped
mountain about 12 kilometres from the town, throngh Professor Koenig’s visit
to that place in 1893. We therefore hired donkeys (mules or horses not being
obtainable) and devoted a day to it. It is a most uninteresting hill, consisting of
hardened earth with a top of rock and stones, the way to it leading through a sandy
plain with a few palms and miserable nomad huts. There are here also the ruins
of the M’zabite town Sedrata, which was destroyed by the Arabs. Koenig had
the great Inck to shoot a pale Eagle-Owl (Bubo ascalaphus an xectins Bubo bubo
desertorum Eri.) and to find Buzzards’ nests here; but we tried in vain to find
the Bubo, and Buzzards were absent, though old nests, as yet empty, evidently
belonging to the latter, were found. On the top of the mountain we shot a single
Ocenanthe leucopyga ; and this is the first place, coming from Touggourt, where this
species appears! I was greatly interested in the ruins found on top\of the Gara-
Klima. Koenig (Reisen und Forsch. in Algerien, p. 84) advanced the idea that they
were Roman ruins, strengthening his theory with the fact that, according to Barth
and Roblfs, Roe remains had been found as far south as 27° north latitude,
Koenig’s Biencary, however, is erroneous. The end of the road leading to the top is
crowned by a ruined arenes and one can trace houses and roads on the summit,
built of crude bricks of exactly the same nature as those used for the wall sur-
Ca)
rounding Ouargla ; and the bases of the houses on top are partly built of stones,
roughly shaped for the purpose.
These stones induced Koenig to think they were made by Romans, but where
Arabs or Berbers find stones lying about by thousands they always use them more
or less when building, as one can see in hundreds of places. Moreover it is well
known that the forsaken town on the top of Gara-Klima was a M’zabite town, It was
the M’zabites who built the well which pierced the whole Gara to a depth of 85
metres, 7.e. 830 metres beyond the bottom of the hill. It is now dry and probably
not more than 30 metres deep; in 1890 it was still 45 metres deep, the rest being
filled up with sand. Similarly constructed wells and ruins on the tops of hills are
found on the hillock of Ba-Mendil, north-west of Ouargla, and near Ghardaia.
Pieces of pottery among the ruins on the top of the Gara-Klima are also of typical
Berber origin. There is thus nothing whatever in favour of Koenig’s theory. [f,
according to Rohlfs and Barth, Roman remains occur as far south as 27° N. latitude,
they are certainly not found there in the Algerian Sahara. It is trne that in an
old Arab manuscript a statement occurs that Romans reached Onargla; if this
should be true it would probably have been some adventurers only and not a
Roman force, but they have certainly not left any traces behind.
The view from Gara-Klima is magnificent, and one sees westwards many other
“cour” with more rugged sides, where probably more owls and hawks occur than
on Klima.
At last, on March 13, we left Ouargla, having bought with great difficulty
two mehari and two more camels, and also taken another native, a Chaambi clad
in a beautiful purple gown who had an old gun and his own very hardy though
old and sore riding-camel; he was a very useful man, well versed in travelling,
shooting and hunting, and full of fun, improvising a concert almost every night,
not to the benefit of our cooking-pots, one of which formed the solitary musical
instrument, the rest of the din being singing, yelling and clapping of hands.
For 20 kilometres our way led over an absolutely bare sebcha, resembling an
endless harrowed field; then it became gravelly, afterwards more stony, and at
a distance of about 22 km. there commenced almost bare clay hills with low
cliffs (P]. [X., lower photo), and broken up by numerous dry ancient water courses.
These hills were inhabited by a few pairs of Oenanthe (Saxicola anct.) leucopyga
and a pair of Oenanthe lugens halophila. A pair of Ravens (doubtless wmbrinus)
were seen, and some old nests, perhaps of Buzzards, were found. After a short
ascent we had to descend again, and entered a bare rolling stony plateau where only
a few Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor occurred. mya.
A pair from Safet-Iniquel, 30 km. north of El-Golea, shot on March 23,
measure: ¢ 102, 295 mm. Their bills are larger than in regular algeriensis
from Biskra, El-Kantara, Ghardaia, Tunisia. A male from Kef-el-Dor, 18. iv.
1909, has the bill as long and almost as strong as in A. d. mya, while the wing
measures 99 mm. or a little more, being somewhat worn. Three specimens from the
hammada between Ghardaia and El-Golea (¢ 20 km. south of Ghardaia, 28. v.,
95 km. south of Ghardaia, 27.v., d 55 km. north of El-Golea, 20. v.) have bills
larger, especially thicker, than usually seen in A. d. algeriensis, 17—18°5 mm.
in length, and wings of 98 to 100 mm.
It is therefore reasonable to suppose that Ammomanes deserti algeriensis, in
its southernmost localities, leans towards the southern Ammomanes deserti mya,
at least in the form of the bill, and this is best expressed by the usual formula,
A, d. algeriensis > myt.
12. Ammomanes deserti mya Hart.
Ammomanes deserti mya Hartert, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8. vol. x. p. 230 (August 1912—
Oued Mya).
After leaving the rocks called Safet-Iniquel, about 30 km, north of El-Golea,
on March 23, no Ammomanes were met with until we came to the Oued Saret,
a sandy river-bed separated in some places from the surrounding hammada by
low cliffs, ‘This is a distance of 138 km. from Safet-Iniqnel, and the latter is
an isolated outpost for A. d. algeriensis, while north of the Oued Saret there was
no sign of A, d. mya. Naturally, as soon as a desert-lark so far south, in a new
locality, was seen, a few were procured, and we were at once struck by the size
of the beaks. Afterwards this same form was again found at Fort Miribel and
in all the affluents of the southernmost Oued Mya and in the latter itself; also
in the gorge of the Ain Guettara, and on the slopes of the Tademait, 2 or 3 km.
south of Ain Guettara.
In the Oued Mya region this lark was quite common. What struck me most
was the different, louder and deeper call-note (dyiip, dyiip), and the different
song. Instead of the monotonous “ djirreii, djirreit, djirreii” of A. d. algeriensis,
it sang like “tirrhuit, tirrriir, tirrriir, djiarriir, djiarriir,” the various notes not all
alike, but different and variously modulated.
In colour the two allied forms vary very little, but generally A. d. myc is less
reddish, especially on the ramp and upper wing-coverts, and there is more black
on the inner webs of the rectrices ; in size, however, the differences are striking,
A. d. mya being much larger: wings of males 107—111, females 97—101, tail
about 74—76°5, bill much thicker and longer, 18—20, once 20°9 mm.
We found a number of nests of this Lark. They were placed in shallow
holes on the rocks along the banks of the river-beds, and had a long wall of
stones, like the nests of Oenanthe leucura syenitica and leucopyga. Unfortunately,
in spite of the greatest efforts, we found no eggs; most of the females seemed
to lay later, but others must have had eggs.
13. Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor (Sund.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 487.
Like Koenig years ago, and Mr. Rothschild and myself in 1909, we found
this graceful little Lark soon after Bordj Chegga on the stony plain intermixed
( 44 )
with sand; and such country, viz. sandy plains or plateaux with stones and rocks,
are. the principal localities where this species is found. According to my experience
it does not inhabit the very barest hammada nor the rocky mountains, which are
so often the home of A. deserti algeriensis.
We found it not rare on the platean east of Ghardaia, but generally in sandy
oueds, About six or eight specimens were observed, and three of them shot,
about half-way between Ouargla and El-Golea, on March 19, on a gravelly plain,
where stones appeared in quantities,
On April 2 a pair was observed on stony ground near the sand-dunes of
the Erg-bent-Chaouli; then again on April 5, in a sandy river-bed (Oued el-
Far), in the middle of an endless hammada, 25 km. south of Fort Miribel.
Farther sonth four specimens were seen together in the sandy river-bed of
the Oued el-Abiodh, north of In-Salah, on April 14, two of which were shot;
they had ovary and testicles very small, being evidently some time before their
nesting season. None were observed in the same neighbourhood on April 25.
On our return journey quite a number were seen in the entirely sandy plain
between Hl-Alia and Bledet-Ahmar. All the specimens from these various
localities were the same, though varying individually a good deal, especially on
the crown, hind-neck, and back,
No eggs were found, but a nest with naked young was discovered ou June 2,
26 km. east of Ghardaia (Pl. VI).
14. Galerida theklae deichleri Hrl.
Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 495.
As in 1909, we found this very pale form on the sands north of Kef-el-Dor,
but it was not very numerous there by the end of February. One of the specimens
had some feathers on the back moulting, and the testicles of the males were
swollen,
South of Touggourt this Lark was common near Hassi Arefidji and to the
north of it, as well as southwards to near Ngoussa, This was the southernmost
place where any Crested Larks were found during our journey, and Spatz’s
observations agree with ours. No Crested Larks are found near Onargla.
On June 6 these Larks were common at Dinar, 50 km. south of Touggourt,
but the old birds were in such horribly worn plumage that we refrained from
collecting more than one. A young bird shot there on that date is rather interesting,
as even in this juvenile age it can be distinguished from the young of Galerida
theklae carolinae (and from those of the various forms of G. cristata) by its paler
colour, the blackish spots before the whitish tips of the feathers being more
restricted and paler brown.
These Larks only inhabit sandy plains, generally, though not always, places
where a few flat stones appear among the sands. They do not frequent dunes or
hammada.
We collected this year thirteen specimens. There is very little variation in
this series.
On June 11, near El-Alia, we found a nest with two naked young and two
addled eggs. They are spotted with pale brown and grey, typical for thehklae eggs,
and measure 23 x 18°83 and 23 x 18°09 mm,
( 45 )
15. Galerida theklae carolinae Hrl.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 494.
On the outward journey down to Tidikelt we never saw this subspecies, but
returning northwards to Ghardaia we came across it for the first time on May 25,
90 km. south of Ghardaia, on the side of an oned with rich vegetation, on rocky
slopes. In the evening, 75 km. south of Ghardaia, young ones were flying about.
On the 26th and 27th none were observed, but on the 28th, about 20 km. south
of Ghardaia, a few were met with, but they were in such bad plumage that only
one was preserved. After that a few were found on the plateau east of Ghardaia,
about 25 km. from that town, and around the Bordj and Hassi Rebib, in the
river-bed of the Oued Nea, 538 km. from Ghardaia. Some young birds in first
plumage were collected, which are distinctly more rufescent than those of
G. t. deichleri, with more prominent markings. Our series of this year (only
six adult specimens) varies not very much, and shows clearly, even in the most.
worn specimens, the reddish tinge of the upperside which characterises this
subspecies.
16. Galerida cristata arenicola Tristr.
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 493.
While going from Biskra to Bordj Saada these Larks were common, and
to our astonishment we saw two of them soaring skywards and singing. I said
to Hilgert, this must be a G. theklae, probably deichler?, as we had never seen
any G. cristata doing this ; so we watched one of the males and shot it when it
descended to the ground, but it was none other than a typical G. cristata arenicola.
This fact shows that our observation of 1909 and 1911 (cf. Nov. Zool. xviii.
p- 489) that only G. thehlae sings soaring skywards is not without exceptions.
We saw G. cristata arenicola several times along the road to Touggourt,
and from Touggourt to Bledet-Ahmar, where it was not rare close to the oasis.
Farther southwards it did not occur. Worn summer specimens are of course
very dark when the pale borders of the feathers are half gone.
17. Galerida cristata macrorhyncha [ristr.
Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, pp. 489 and 492,
The only place where we came across long-billed Crested Larks, which we
believe to belong to this closely allied race, was a few kilometres east of Guerrara
and close to that town. We shot two adult and one young specimens, but the
old birds are in such worn plumage that little can be said about them, and exact,
measurements cannot be taken. Nevertheless we believe them to be macrorhyncha,
and not arenicola; the male has the wing about 112 (at least), the female
102 mm.
It is strange to find two subspecies as close together as Guerrara and Touggourt
to Bledet-Ahmar, but both places are outposts from the principal strongholds, and
Guerrara is more or less stony ground, while at Touggourt and Bledet-Ahmar these
Larks live on sand. The male from Bledet-Ahmar has the wing of nearly 110,
the female one of 104 mm., but we consider them nevertheless to belong to
arenicola.
[No Skylarks were seen south of Biskra; it seems therefore that they do not
range to the real Sahara, Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 497. |
( 46 )
18. Alaemon alaudipes alaudipes (Desf.).
Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 497.
The Muka of the Arabs is the delight of every traveller in the desert, and often
have I listened to its plaintive, enchanting, flute-like notes. It is chiefly found
in sand districts, if there is sufficient vegetation, but it adapts itself also to the
oueds in the hammada, far away from the sands.
It is very common between Biskra and Touggourt, and from Touggourt to
Ouargla. South of Ouargla it is rarer and more local, but extends sparingly down
to El-Golea, and near that place, as well as around Hassi Okseibat, sonth of
El-Golea, it is not rare. Farther southwards, and even in the Southern Oned-Mya
region, it is almost absent, but it was heard in the latter place on April 30 ; and
south of Ain Guettara, in the bed of the Oued el-Abiodh, on April 14, one pair was
seen and obtained ; others could not be found.
The male of these southernmost specimens is exceptionally rusty on the
upperside, almost as brown as one from the Cape Verde Islands, while the female
is very pale.
Mnkas were not rare generally between El-Golea and Ghardaia, and from
Ghardaia to Touggourt.
The first young ones, tiny creatures unable to fly, rnnning swiftly across
the sebcha, were seen on March 30, near Kl-Golea. Afterwards many young
were seen flying about on the plateau east of Ghardaia, They had begun already
to moult into the first antumn plumage on June 2 and 3. While the blackish
anteapical cross-markings on the upperside are strongly marked in some, they
are rather faint in others, and also the dark spots on the throat are sometimes
much more distinct than in others.
On May 18 and 22 nests with two eggs each were found north of El-Golea,
The first stood in the usual way on top of a bush, the other on the ground, near
a stone, a somewhat unusual position. The nests were composed of dry grass
and thin twigs, interwoven with spider-webs. The eggs measure 24 x 16,
23-7 x 161 and 20 x 16, 20°1 x 15°9 mm., the latter clutch being unasnally
small.
19. Eremophila (Otocorys) alpestris bilopha (Temm.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 498.
Only seen in two places: Kef-el-Dor, between Biskra and Touggourt, and in
the Mzab country east of Ghardaia as far as abont 25 km. east of Guerrara, From
June 2 to 7 young birds were seen, some beginning already to moult into the first
autamn plumage. The young before the first moult are on the upperside of a
reddish isabelline, each feather with a tiny pale cream (not white) tip; the
underside is white with a creamy buff band across the chest and a similar tinge on
the flanks: there is no black on the jugulum and forehead, so that such birds,
if seen running on the ground, do not give the idea of an Lremophila to a
casual observer.
20. *“Anthus trivialis trivialis (L.).
C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 498.
The Tree Pipit was observed in the Southern Oued Mya during the second
week of April, and at In-Salah on April 30, also a single specimen on May 10,
south of El-Golea,
(47)
21. *Anthus pratensis (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 498.
A few were noticed in El-Golea during the last week of March.
22. *Anthus campestris (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 499.
A single specimen was shot at Arefidji, out of a small flock, on March 7, one
was observed in the most monotonous hammada south of Hassi el-Hadjar on
March 17, and again on the 18th and 20th, and it was not rare at El-Golea
about March 26; a few were seen in the Southern Oued Mya during the second
week of April, and at In-Salah on April 30.
23. *Motacilla flava flava (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 499.
From March 26 to 28 typical 1 flava was common at El-Golea; we observed
it in the bed of the Oued Saret on April 4, and in the Southern Oued Mya during
the second week of April.
24. *Motacilla flava cinereocapilla Savi.
Cf. Whitaker, Birds of Tunisia i. p. 151.
On March 24 I shot a male from a small flock at Safet-Iniqnel, with a white
throat, and another at In-Salah, on April 21. Both are typical ecnereocapilla.
As this Wagtail is a regular migrant in Tunisia, it will doubtless be so in
some parts of Algeria. As we never saw it in the eminently suitable country near
Tac Fetzara, we doubted whether Yellow Wagtails nested in Algeria, but in 1857
Tristram took eggs on June 9 and 18 in the “ Province of Constantine ” ; these were
probably those of c/nereocapilla.
25. *Motacilla flava thunbergi Billberg.
Motacilla borealis Whitaker, B, Tunisia i. p. 152.
We first met with this form at Ain Guettara, on April 28, where a pair were
running about fearlessly round our tent; as the dark head was at once noticed I
shot the pair, which proved to be typical thunbergi. After that date these birds
were observed on April 30 (three specimens), May 2 to 7 daily (in the Oued Mya
and affluents), May 12 at the Hassi Marroket, May 13 and 18 single specimens at
El-Golea, and afterwards single examples on May 25 and 27, and even on June 5
a single female, apparently ill, and another at Guerrara, June 6,
In the Southern Oued Mya many were eaten by the Horned Vipers, Cerastes
cerastes (= cornutus).
26. *Motacilla alba alba L.
Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii, p. 499.
White Wagtails were common at Touggourt on February 27 to 29, and a few
were seen in the Mouleina, just south of Biskra, on February 20, also on March 8,
near Ouargla.
[Parus caeruleus ultramarinus is not rare in Biskra, where we saw it
feeding its young in June, but it does not occur in any of the southern oases,
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 500. |
( 48 )
27. Lanius excubitor elegans Swains.
Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 500.
Common from south of Biskra to Touggourt, and thence south to Ngoussa,
north of Ouargla. We do not remember having seen Grey Shrikes at Ouargla, and
none are found southwards, not even in the Southern Oned Mya region. In the
bed of Oued el-Abiodh, north of In-Salah, an old nest was found which looked like
a Shrike’s nest, but there were no Shrikes near there this year. North of El-Golea
bushes of Zizyphus lotus appeared again for the first time in great luxuriance on
May 23 between Oued Saadana and Hassi el-Hadadra, 145 km. south of Ghardaia,
and with the Zizyphus began at once Lanius eaxcubitor elegans. These Shrikes had
here partly half-grown young in the nest, partly young flying about and taking
care of themselves. They might make two broods here, but maybe that the
late broods are only due to loss of the first ones. These Shrikes were very common
at Sebseb, 51 km. south of Ghardaia, in Metlili, Ghardaia, Gnerrara, and very
numerous in the bed of the Oued Nea.
The first clutches of eggs (five each) were found near Bordj Chegga,
February 22, in Zizyphus bushes. An egg was cut ont of a female at Tong-
gourt on February 27. A clutch of five was found in a Retam at Arefidji,
March 6,
This Grey Shrike, when singing, is often a very good imitator of other birds’
calls and songs.
28. *Lanius senator senator L.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 501.
This bird breeds in Northern Algeria, and we did not find it nesting in the
Sahara. We first observed it in El-Golea, March 27, and henceforth it was a
common migrant wherever bushes and trees were found. On the return journey
these Shrikes were observed in smaller numbers, generally only oue or two, here
and there, as late as May 16, at El-Golea. A single male was seen on June 5 in
the Oued Nea, and after that none were observed.
In Biskra we did not come across the Red-headed Shrike in June, and we
therefore doubt if it breeds there—at least in the oasis itself.
The outer tail-feather is sometimes quite white. The Tring Museum has such
a male shot at Lambése on June 3 by Mr. Fliickiger, and I shot another at Fort
Miribel on April 4. Sometimes the black anteapical patch occupies at least half
the feather, sometimes it is reduced to a small spot.
29. *Muscicapa collaris Bechst.
Museicapa collaris Bechstein, Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p, 495 (1795—“ Europa und Deutsch-
land; in den tiefen Gebirgen des Thiiringerwaldes noch am hiiufigsten,” Terra typica :
Thiiringerwald),
dad, Hassi Marroket, south of El-Golea, 11. y. 1912.
dad. El-Golea, 13. vy. 1912.
This bird has not been met with by recent explorers, though Loche stated that
it was widely distributed in Algeria, and Whitaker records it as a regular “ summer
migrant” in Tunisia,
It is doubtless only a bird of passage in N.W. Africa, but probably as regular
a migrant in Algeria as in Tunisia,
(49°)
30. “Muscicapa hypoleuca hypoleuca (Pall.).
(= MW. atricapilla atricapilla auct.)
Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 503.
Mr. Hilgert saw one at Hl-Golea on March 27.
Not rare on passage in the oases of Tidikelt from April 15 to 24, and again
in the Southern Oued Mya region, in the Oued Tinbourbar, on May 5.
31. *Muscicapa striata striata (Pall.).
(= JM. grisola anct.)
Cf£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 503.
The Spotted Flycatcher passed through the Sahara from May 5 to the beginning
of June, the last being seen on June 5. Specimens which we shot agreed in every
detail with Swedish and German ones, not with the dull Corsican J. striata
tyrrhenica. In 1909 we were convinced that these birds would nest at Hammam
Meskoutine, but now we doubt it very much, after seeing how late they pass
through South Algeria, No bird should henceforth be regarded as breeding in
Algeria, unless nest and eggs have been discovered.
32. *Phylloscopus trochilus (1.).
C£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 504,
From March 26 (HI-Golea) a more or less common migrant, especially at
In-Salah, from the middle of April to the 22nd.
On May 1, in the southernmost Oued Mya, about 60 km. north of Ain Guettara,
this species was not rare—though more so than dJonelli—in the large Tamarix
trees, and those seen appeared to be very pale. They belonged perhaps to
P. trochilus eversmanni. A female which we skinned has a wing of 64 mm. It is
whiter on the abdomen than one shot at In-Salah on April 17. It is, however, not
easy to distinguish P. ¢. eversmanni.
33. *Phylloscopus collybita collybita (Vieill.).
Gf. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 503.
Common migrant from March 8 to the end of April.
34. *Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Bechst.).
Cf. Vig. pal. Fauna i. pp. 515, 516 ; Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 503.
We observed and shot this species in the gardens of El-Golea on May 15 and 16,
and as late as May 23, 145 km. south of Ghardaia.
These specimens are not particularly bright, and agree better with PA. s.
sibilatriz than with the Mediterranean P. s. erlanger?; the latter is, perhaps, a
doubtful race. In the first instance the late Carlo von Hrlanger described it as
P. 8. flavescens, a preoccupied name, chiefly on the strength of an aberrant specimen,
and I recognised it partly on account of the different song which it is sapposed
to have; I am, however, now very doubtful if that observation is convincing, as
probably the whirring song is not uttered except in the breeding season, and we have
still no proof of the breeding in N.W. Africa. Could not all the late birds observed
in Manretania be still migrants ? With regard to the brighter coloration of North
Mediterranean specimens, more material should perhaps be compared in order to
establish the race erlangert for good.
4
(50)
35. *“Phylloscopus bonelli bonelli (Vieill.).
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 504.
Bonelli’s Warbler was common at In-Salah (April 18 to 22), and in the river-
beds of the southern Oued Mya region during the end of April and beginning of
May.
36. *Acrocephalus streperus streperus (Vieill.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 504.
On May 14 to 16 these Reed-Warblers were common and lustily singing in the
reeds of the Lake of El-Golea. In the very thick Arundo donax it was, however,
very difficult to retrieve any specimen we shot, and so we secured only two, both
adult males. These had the testicles quite small, not in the least swollen, and
were, probably, not breeding there, but still on migration, notwithstanding the late
date.
37. “Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (L.).
Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 504.
This species too was very common round the Lake of El-Golea in the middle of
May. They were singing, but the sexual organs of the specimens we shot were not
in the least enlarged, and I doubt, therefore, if they were breeding in the Sahara,
In 1909 Mr. Rothschild and I were convinced that this bird was breeding at
Lake Fetzara, but so far the eggs have not been procured, and thus proof is still
wanting.
[Acrocephalus arundinaceus (1), the Great Reed-Warbler, was not met with
this year. Tristram (see Sale-catalogue of Eggs collected in Algeria, 1858, p. 9)
says that it is found in Algeria wherever there are tall reeds and swamps, and he
took eggs in the “ province of Constantine ” on June 15 and 22.]
38. “Hippolais icterina (Vicill.).
C£. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 504.
A male and female were shotin the gardens of El-Golea on May 13 and 14,
evidently on passage.
39. *Hippolais polyglotta (Vieill.).
Cf, Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 505.
A male was obtained on May 1, in the southernmost Oned Mya, 60 km. north of
Ain Guettara, doubtless on passage.
40. “Hippolais pallida opaca Cab.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 505.
A female shot in the southerumost Oued Mya, 60 km, north of Ain Guettara,
May 1, doubtless on migration. Larger than H. p. reiser? (2 wing 69°), slightly
darker, and with the same, but a more powerful song.
41. Hippolais pallida reiseri Hilgert.
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii, p, 505.
This bird, which is still scarce in collections, was not rare during the last days
of our stay in In-Salah, singing merrily in the date-palms aud pomegranates, A few
(1)
were observed early in May in the Southern Oued Mya region, and a great number
in the gardens of El-Golea in the middle of May. They were further observed in
the oases of Touggourt, Mraier, and Biskra. In the latter two these birds were
undoubtedly nesting, and in Touggourt and Biskra, June 17 and 18, we saw young
birds being fed by their parents. In Mraier and Biskra we tried hard to find
nests, but did not succeed. We did not even see an old nest, and as all our
search was in vain, we suspect that these birds nest in palms and other high
trees, though this is not the habit of other Hippolais.
We are not sure that HZ. p. reéser? nests in In-Salah and El-Golea, but we have
little doubt it breeds in the gardens of El-Golea, though no nest could be found—
not even an old one; they may, perhaps, also nest in In-Salah, as the sexual organs
of the birds shot there were already swollen; it was, however, certainly too early
for nests in April, and in the oueds of the desert these birds were doubtless only
migrants.
The ten males we collected this year have wings of 63°5 to 67, one 68°5 mm.,
the two females 62°5 to 64 mm.
42. *Sylvia hortensis hortensis (Gm.).
(Sylvia orphea olim.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p, 506.
Ou May 5a female was shot 27 km. south of El-Golea, and one or two were
noticed a few days afterwards in the gardens of El-Golea.
43. *Sylvia borin borin (Bodd.).
(Sylvia hortensis auct. mult. errore.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p- 506.
Not rare in the gardens of El-Golea on May 13 and 14.
44. *Sylvia communis communis Lath.
(Sylvia cinerea auct.)
Cf£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 506.
Shot May 1, 60 km. north of Ain Guettara, in the southernmost bend of the
Oued Mya, when several were seen ; observed in the middle of May in El-Golea, and
several times seen between El-Golea and Ghardaia up to May 26.
45. Sylvia nana deserti (Loche).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 507.
Travelling southwards, we found this lovely sand-coloured little bird here and
there between Biskra and Touggourt, and for the last time between Safet-Iniquel and
Oued Djafou, north of El-Golea. We never saw it south of Hl-Golea, though the
country appeared, in certain places, to be quite suitable for it.
On the return journey the Desert Warbler was encountered again about 40 and
50 km. north of El-Golea. It was common near Sebseb, south of Metlili, but. still
more so in the sand-region of El-Arich, south-west of Touggourt.
Specimens shot on March 4 and 5, about 60 and 75 km. south of Tonggourt, had
ovaries and testicles already more or less strongly enlarged. One shot on May 20
north of El-Golea had the plumage so much worn that we resolved not to shoot any
(52 )
more, At Sebseb these birds were singing lustily on May 26, apparently about to
make a second brood. On June 6, at El-Arich, about half a dozen nests were found
with naked or half-feathered young, either three or four in number. One nest con-
tained two naked nestlings and two eggs; and a nest with four rotten eggs, covered
with sand, was found north of El-Golea. Five of the eggs could be blown and saved,
They were rather finely spotted, and not so greenish as those found in 1909 (1. ¢.), and
measure 16°2 x 12°3, 16 x 12:6, 15-4 x 12°3, 16 x 125, and 15°71 x 125 mm.
46. *Sylvia cantillans inornata ‘I'sch.
Cf, Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 508.
Migrating through the central Sahara in April, in small numbers. Males were
collected in the Oned Mya on April 8 and as late as May 1, also at In-Salah on
April 18.
47. *Sylvia cantillans albistriata (Drelm),
C£, Nov. Zool, xviii. p, 509. «
Migrating through the Sahara in March and early April: near Ouargla
10. iii., El-Golea 24. iii, 60 km. south of Hl-Golea, l.iv., and a female, which I
believe to belong to this form, in the Oued Saret, 4.iv., 1012.
48, "Sylvia deserticola Tristr.
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 509.
One male Tamerna (north of Touggourt), 26. ii, oue male Arefidji, north of
Ouargla, 7.iii. The one from Tamerna had wings, tail and body plumage in full
moult. ‘The other had only a few of the body-plumes still moulting.
49. Sylvia conspicillata conspicillata Temm.
C£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 509.
d ad. Kef-el-Dor, south of Biskra, 23. ii. The testicles were already swollen,
and the bird would probably have nested on the spot.
50. Agrobates galactotes galactotes (‘l'emm.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 510.
End of April several times in the southernmost bend of the Oued Mya,
apparently still on passage.
Middle of May common in the gardens of El-Golea, lustily singing and
possibly nesting, though we could not find a nest, not even an old one.
Very common near the Hassi Rebib in the Oued Nea, east of Ghardaia. The
song is very powerful and pleasant. Nesting in the thick, almost impenetrable
Zizyphus-bushes, where several empty nests and one with naked young were found
on June 3.
51. Scotocerca inquieta saharae (Loche).
Of. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 510.
Noticed near Kef-el-Dor, south of Biskra, between Touggourt and Ouargla,
and from El-Arich to Bledet-Ahmar, in sandy and clayey steppe with Limoniastrum
and other thick bushes.
A nest with four fresh eggs was found at Arefidji, March 7, in a bush of
——— Se ae eee
(58)
Limoniastrum. These eges are rather small, the rufous spots small, but covering
nearly the whole egg, thongh more frequent round the larger pole, and measure
14:9 x 11:6, 14:2 x 11°6, 14-4 x 11°3, and 145 x 11:4 mm.
Another nest with three naked young and an addled egg was discovered on
June 11, also in a Limoniastrum, near El-Alia, The egg is larger and has larger
but fewer spots and patches round the thick end. It measnres 16 x 12 mm.
52. Crateropus fulvus fulvus (Desf.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p- 511.
Seen near Chegga, and in the Mzab country ; coming from the south, first met
with on May 24 near El-Hadadra, and common on the 25th between Oued el-Abiodh
and Bordj Gia. Adult birds shot on the 25th had their wings, tails and body
plumage already monulting.
In Ghardaia young birds were seen early in June. Plentiful in the Oued Nea,
but perhaps most numerons in the oasis of Ghardaia. We never saw one south of
Touggourt.
[ Turdus merula mauritanicus breeds in the oases of Biskra, but has not been
met with farther to the south. |
53. *“Monticola saxatilis (L.).
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 513.
A single male was seen and shot in the Oued Saret, 109 km, south of El-Golea,
on April 4, Wing 126°5 mm.
54. *Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (L.).
(Saxicola oenanthe anct.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 513.
These birds migrate through the Sahara in great quantities. The first seen
were some awfully shy males near Ouargla. While at El-Golea, from March 27
to 30, Wheatears were extremely common. Hundreds were caught by the boys
for pleasure and food in American penny-traps, the same which one buys in the
ironmongers’ shops in England. Apparently it has been the habit to catch little
birds since times immemorial, but the original crude traps of palm-fibres or horse-
hair have been transplanted by the modern traps.
I heard it said by a Frenchman, that bird-catching should not be suppressed,
because the sparrows did so much damage to the crops, which is perfectly true ;
but the sparrows are much too clever to enter the traps often ; during our stay in
El-Golea one single sparrow got caught in a trap, and was promptly brought to me,
as it was known that we were in want of Sparrows, but all the birds caught in
great numbers were Wheatears, Pipits, and Yellow Wagtails, and occasionally a
Red-headed Shrike and a Swallow, the latter probably knocked down with a stick
or stone.
The specimens we examined and skinned all belonged to the typical
oenanthe.
After El-Golea 0. 0. oenanthe was several times observed along the Sonthern
Oued Mya, at In-Salah (April 17), and as late as May 5 in the Oued Mya,
( 54 )
[Oenanthe oenanthe leucorrhoa ((m.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p, 513.
Once, on April 10, when out with a butterfly-net to catch Preris and Euchloé,
1 saw a strikingly bright-coloured male with an almost pink chest and of great.
size ; close by were two O. o. oenanthe, and the bird was quite tame. I returned
soon after with a gun, but could not find the bird again. Ido not hesitate to say
that the bird must have been a specimen of 0. 0. leucorrhoa.]
55. Oenanthe deserti homochroa (Tristr.).
(Saxicola deserti auct.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 515.
In Eastern Algeria we found the Desert Wheatear not rare as far sonth as
Ngonssa, north of Onargla; a few were seen south of Onargla, March 14, and in
the “daya bou-Ziane,” April 1; in the Mzab country it was observed 50 to 60 km.
south of Ghardaia and east of that town, but it was commoner in the plain of
El-Arich and from El-Alia to Touggourt.
On June 11 some old birds were already monlting, while others had not yet
begun their moult.
56. “Oenanthe hispanica xanthomelaena (Hempr. & Ehr.).
(Saxicola “amphileuca” anct.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 516.
On March 26 and 27 common at El-Golea. A great many were seen on the
28th, but we were then already busy with arrangements for our departure sonth-
wards, and shot none. The number of migrants seen during these days was so
enormous that if was impossible to get series of each species, and we had to be
content with samples of each ; thus it came about that only three males were shot
and skinned, which are all three zanthomelaena, but two or three seen in the hands
of boys, with throats cut or quills pulled out, were of the same form.
Several O. hispunica were seen, but not collected, in the Southern Oued Mya
dnring the second week of April, and one in the Oued Saret on April 3; whether
they belonged to the eastern or western form (. 4. canthomelaena or O. h, hispanica)
T could not say.
57, Oenanthe moesta (Licht.).
(Saxicola moesta auct.)
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 516.
Again, as in 1909, we found this species by no means rare south of Biskra,
from north of Chegga to Tamerna, north of Touggourt, but we never saw one south
of that town,
On our journey from Ghardaia to Touggourt we came across a pair with young
‘on June 2, 25 km, east of Ghardaia.
58. Oenanthe lugens halophila (Tristr.).
Saxicola lugens halophita.
C£, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 517, Sia: : ae
Though occasionally seen along the edges of the sebchas and chotts, the chief
haunting-places of this Chat are bare hills with clayey slopes, but not rocks, though
we have also seen it in the hammada south of Ghardaia,
Ca)
Several pairs were observed, and one shot, on the clayey hills 23 km. south of
Onargla, side by side with Oe. leucopyga aegra, and again on the hills near the
Hassi el-Hadjar, on March 16.
59. Oenanthe leucopyga aegra subsp. nov.
(Saxicola leucopyga anct, part.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p- 518.
A renewed examination of our now good series of thirteen Algerian adult
males and seven adult females has altered my view, as expressed in Voy.
pal. Fauna i. p. 700. I find that the Western (Algerian) birds are distinctly
smaller, the wings of the males measuring 101—106, and once 107-5 mm., as
compared with 106—109 in thirteen Heyptian and Palestine birds in the Tring
Mnsenm. Connt Zedlitz (Journ. f. Orn. 1912, p. 560) gives even 105—113 for
thirteen specimens (¢ and ? !) from Palestine, Sinai, and Arabia, though only
97—103 for four (¢ $) Egyptian ones. Besides the thirteen skins with wings from
106—109 we have also one female from Abu Hamed in Nubia with a wing of
barely 96, but against this stands an Algerian female with a wing of only 92 mm. ;
hoth these birds are apparently young individuals, The other females from
Algeria have wings of 94-—100, once 100-5, against 101—102*5 mm. in five examples
from Egypt and Palestine.*
There is thus a marked difference in size, and, considering that 4 or 5 mm. is
a lot in small birds, and that their wings can be measured to a nicety, it is worth
while to distinguish the form found in Africa Minor by a special name, as above,
Type of O. leucopyga aegra: 3 peradultus Gara Klima, 10. ili, 1912, No. 206.
In Vig. d. pal. Fauna i. p. 700, footnote, I said that the wings of Egyptian
males reach a length upwards to 112 mm., but [ cannot now find such a large one,
and I am afraid that it was a mistake and should read 109; on the other hand
Zedlitz quotes 105—113 for Palestine and Sinai.
In Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 700 I spoke of possible differences between the
birds from Egypt (Nubia) and those from Palestine. Count Zedlitz (l.c.) believes
apparently too that the latter form is larger. From the material now before me [|
cannot say if these forms are separable or not, but that does not, of course, affect
the status of O. 7. aegra. It strikes me that our Palestine series shows a fine
glossy blue-black plumage, while those from Nubia and Africa Minor are more
pure black, without a bluish sheen ; as, however, the Palestine birds are all shot in
November and on December 4, and our series from Egypt and Africa Minor consists
of birds collected from March 3 to June, I would like to see a series of Palestine
spring birds and Western autumn specimens before separating a third, Syrian race.
The extent of black on the rectrices varies, but females and young have
generally more.
O. leucopyga aegra was met with for the first time—one specimen only—on
the top of Gara Klima, on March 10. From the clay hills south of Ouargla (see
Plate IX. lower photograph) southwards these birds were seen in most suitable
localities ; they were very rare—in fact only one was seen once—in the immediate
neighbourhood of El-Golea, but they were common in the Southern Oued Mya
* Count Zedlitz (Journ. f. Orn. 1912, p. 359) accuses me of a clerical error in giving the measure-
ments of the bills as 20-24 mm., but my statements are perfectly correct, as I measured from the base of
the skull, as explained elsewhere,
(56 )
region. They are absent from the Erg and sandy plains, as well as from the Chotts
and Sebchas, as they require rocks, clay hills, steep banks of river-beds, or at least
a well for nesting.
We saw the last specimens on the southern escarpment of the plateau of
Tademait, two kilometres south of Ain Guettara.
Though a single bird would occasionally be shy, as a rule, in spring and
summer at least, these birds are very tame and confiding, and I have seen them
coming up within three or four yards (south of Ouargla and in the Oued Mya),
near the tent, or amusing themselves with a date-stone or picking off flies from
an empty sardine-tin. In the south they were, with the exception of the quieter
and less confiding Ammomanes deserti mya, the only singing birds; they surpassed
in beauty many gaily coloured birds, and one did not like to shoot them, though
they were common enough. I cannot quite understand how Mr. Spatz can describe
these birds as rather shy.
It was of course our great desire to find the eggs of these birds, It is most
extraordinary that the nests are so difficult to find. Zedlitz describes this (Journ.
SF. Orn. 1912, pp. 560, 561), and we too have several times searched in yain for
hours for nests that we knew must be there. We have, however, found many
old nests, and others with young birds, as well as some eggs, at last. A ready-
made nest without eggs was found on March 10, another on the 20th, on the rocks
called ‘ Djorf-el-Bagra.”
On March 31 our luck seemed to have come. In the well called Hassi
Marroket I located, after some quiet waiting—the old birds having been made
shy by the noisy taking of water for men and camels—a nest in one of the crevices
between the stones of the wall, about 24 m. from the edge; before the hole had
been located, Hilgert was let down and unintentionally dipped in the water, but
he operated on a wrong cleft; afterwards Ahmed-ben-Naili descended on a rope,
and he brought out the two eggs with great difficulty, bat to our disgust he cracked
one, and they were so near being hatched ont and so brittle, that only one could
be half-way saved.
It was surprising to me that we found no nest at Fort Miribel. An old nest
was discovered in a loophole of one of the houses; but in spite of honrs spent in
search, no nest was found in the valley, where a pair was observed coming and
going. Empty nests, mostly last year’s, were several times seen among the rocks
on the banks of the Southern Oued Mya, but not until April 30 was another clatch
found. It consisted of three eggs ; but they were so hard-set that only two could
be saved, and those with huge holes, the embryos being cut out.
The next day our efforts were at last rewarded, as we found a nest with three
nearly fresh eggs. The eggs are not blue, but of a glossless white with or without
the faintest bluish hue, not so blue even as the palest eggs of Oenanthe leucura.
The six eggs which I can measure are 22 x 16:1, 22 x 15:9, 22 x 16, 23 x 16-7,
22°5 x 162, and 22 x 164mm. Small rusty red spots are more or less confined
to a zone around the large end, while some show distinctly underlying pale bluish-
grey spots. Two faded eggs from an old nest found by Hilgert are smaller, and
have much larger spots, but their identity could of course not be proved. The
nest is always placed in holes or crevices of rocks, steep banks, or in walls of
wells, round gardens, or of buildings. There is mostly a long and often wide path
of flat stones laid out in front, if the nest stands far in, but this is entirely absent
if the hole is not deep, as in the case of the one with three eggs found on May 1,
(57)
and the one down the well of Marroket. The nest consists of fine stems of various
small plants, pieces of wool and hair, outside some thicker stems and fibres, and
is laid out with hair and wool of sheep and hares. The number of eggs is usually
three, but sometimes two only.
The young bird appears to have always a black crown, at least we have never
seen one with even one white feather on the head ; the central rectrices have white
ends, the lateral ones apparently always black spots ; the plumage is dull sooty
blackish, with brownish-white tips to the feathers of the abdomen and whitish
tips to the larger upper wing-coverts. Our recent observations have convinced us
that, in fact, the majority of old birds put on a white cap. Most of the entirely
black-headed birds we shot have brownish quills, showing that they are only birds
of last year; south of El-Golea we have only once seen black-crowned birds —
7.¢. a pair not far from Hassi Marroket. Near Ghardaia, however, such specimens
were not rarely observed, but very few seem to breed in that plumage and to
be really quite old birds; in the few cases where black-headed birds had paired
and bred the male as well as the female had black heads, as observed by Koenig
long before us.
60. *Saxicola torquatus rubicola (1.).
(Pratincola rubicola auct.)
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 519.
We only recognised a single individual on April 12, in the Southern Oued Mya
region, which was uot shot.
Evidently the Stonechat is not a common, and perhaps not even regular,
migrant through the Sahara, but appears to winter principally in the northern
parts of Algeria, and in Africa Minor generally, also in Egypt.
Reichenow, Vig. A/r. iii. p. 732, records only the following localities in tropical
Africa: Beni-Amer, teste Heuglin, Kikuju and Nandi (specimens collected by
Dr. Ansorge in Tring), Naiwasha Lake, collected by Fischer, Senegal, according
to statement of Swainson, and Fernand Vaz (Gaboon), teste Marche and Comp.
61. *Saxicola rubetra spatai Eri.
(Pratincola rubetra spate auct.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 519.
Was observed frequently passing through the Sahara from April 12 to the end
of that month, and even as late as May 12 and 16 several specimens were observed
and two females shot on the 12th, no male being seen that day.
The four specimens which we collected (15. iv., 30. iv., 12. vy.) are all of the
pale form called S, 7. spatz/, like all those shot in Algeria in former years.
62. *Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (L.).
Cf. Nor. Zool, xviii, p- 519.
On March 20, about 184 km. south of Onargla, an old male was observed,
and a fair number were frequenting the gardens of El-Golea from March 27 to 30,
After that a few were seen on April 30 in the Southern Mya, on May 1 in the same
region, on May 14 and 17 in the gardens of El-Golea, and on June 4 in the bushes
of the Oned Nea.
The specimens collected at El-Golea are typical ?. p. phoenicurus.
(58 )
63. "Diplootocus moussieri (Olphe-Galliard),
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 520,
This beautiful bird is not a real Saharan species, though it winters in the
northern desert. We saw a few between Biskra and Touggourt, and shot an adult
male at Kef-el-Dor February 22.
64. “Luscinia megarhyncha Brehm.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 520.
Three single specimens were recognised : Southern Oued Mya April 7, Igosten
April 15, In-Salah April 17.
65. Chelidon rustica rustica (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 521,
The Common Swallow passes through the Sahara in considerable numbers,
though we have never seen a great many together.
The first Swallows, which also in the Northern Sahara are harbingers of
spring, were hailed on March 9 in Onargla, and after that again on the 14th.
A number were seen in El-Golea from March 26 to 30, and a few, here and there,
all the way down to In-Salah, where they flitted ronnd the villages as long as we
were there.
On the return journey a few were observed almost every day, and they were
common in El-Golea May 14 to 17. After that a few were seen almost daily up
to June 5, and on the 6th in Guerrara.
In Temacin and Touggourt Swallows are nesting, as well as in Biskra, but not
in very great numbers.
66. "Hirundo urbica urbica L.
Cf. Vog. pal. Fauna i. p. 807.
Our common House-Martin passed through the Sahara in great numbers.
They were numerous in the gardens of El-Golea during the last week in March,
and also about the middle of May, though not nesting there. A few were seen
at various times in the Southern Oued Mya region and at In-Salah, April
17 to 22. :
North of El-Golea, towards the end of May and in June, a few were observed
here and there—the last on June 6, in Guerrara—where, however, no nests conld
be traced.
Apparently the majority of all these birds were typical wrdiea, as shown by a
few which we shot.
66a. “Hirundo urbica meridionalis Hart.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 522.
A dead bird was picked np on April 12, north of Ain Gnettara, which by the
shortness of its wing (barely 104 mm.) appeared to be of this race.
67. *Riparia riparia riparia (1.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 522.
Sand-Martins were observed during our first stay in El-Golea, March 26 to 28,
and again as quite common from May 13 to 17. A few were seen during the second
week of April in the southernmost Oued Mya region.
(59 )
We were anxiously looking ont for any resident Swallows in the south.
Rohlfs, who—though without any knowledge of zoology—was a most trustworthy
explorer, says in his work, Reise durch Marokko, etc., 1868, p. 143, and 2nd edition,
1869, p. 164, that in the oases of Tuat a kind of House Swallow was sedentary,
winter and summer, which had a square tail and grey plumage. There was no sign
of such a bird in Tidikelt, and I was assured that all kinds of Swallows were only
known as migrants in autumn and spring. I suppose Rohlfs saw Sand-Martins,
and was wrongly informed that they bred in the oases.
68. Apus murinus brehmorum Hart. (?)
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 523.
We saw a few Swifts only, in two places: at Guerrara and at El-Alia, 80 km,
south of Touggourt.
In the first place three or four were seen just before dusk over the town, and
a pair next day on some rocks east of the place, of which we succeeded in shooting
one, on June 7, Half a dozen or so caught insects at Hl-Alia, 80 km. south of
Tonggourt, on June 9, in the late afternoon, and of these too we were able to get
one. We cannot doubt that the latter were nesting near by, and we are sure that
the pair of June 7 nested somewhere on the rocks.
None were seen afterwards, except at Biskra, where dozens came on certain
evenings and flew round the huge chimney of the electric works, near the
station.
The two we skinned are so pale that they could be taken for A. m. murinis,
and the one from El-Alia is lighter than the Guerrara specimen. One from
Cape Blanco (south of Rio de Oro) and three from the plain south of Biskra
are equally pale, while one from Alger is much darker! Perhaps more material
will prove that the birds breeding south of the Atlas are all paler, and either
A. m. murinus or an intermediate form ?
69. *Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis Hart.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 523.
A single male was found in the gardens of Hl-Golea on May 14. It belongs
to the pale Mediterranean form, though the wing measures 18!) mm.
A male was seen at Igosten on April 23, which looked very black and large,
and of which I have no doubt that it was C. e. ewropaeus. [saw it on a palm-leaf
close to me, but it was afterwards so shy that I could not get near enough to shoot
it with the small walking-stick gun, which was generally sufficient for collecting
in the gardens, where firing with a twelve-bore was not desirable, because the shot
damaged the dates and the noise frightened young and old.
70. *Caprimulgus ruficollis desertorum [rl.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 523.
There must have been quite a migration through the Sahara towards the
middle of May.
A female was found in the open stony desert on May 11, 48 km. south of
El-Golea, a male flew round the camp on the 12th, 29 km. south of Hl-Golea,
and another male was shot in the gardens of that oasis on the 14th. None were
seen in the Oned Nea, and there can be little doubt that this species does not breed
in the desert.
( 60 )
71. Caprimulgus aegyptius saharae Erl.
Cf, Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 524.
Although a typical Saharan form, this bird does not, during breeding-time,
reach very far south into the desert. The southernmost places where it was
found were the Oued Nea, between Ghardaia and Guerrara, and the sand district
of El-Arich, where it appeared to be common, as we saw a number of young
birds, though, by ill luck, no adult bird was there procured. A fine adult male,
however, was shot on June 11, 40 km. south of Touggourt, between Hassi Dinar
and Bledet-Ahmar; this bird was still in beautiful plumage, though the body-
feathers were already in moult.
Near Bledet-Ahmar is also the southernmost place where this Goatsucker had
hitherto been found, by Koenig.
The young birds—fully fledged Jane 4, Oued Nea—so closely resemble the
adult birds that they cannot be distinguished when flashed ont of the desert
erass; the blackish markings are everywhere finer, less sharply defined, the
white patches on the sides of the throat only indicated, otherwise there are no
differences in coloration.
Quite a number of Goatsuckers got up before the diligence during our
night drive from Tongyourt to Biskra, especially north of Mraier, which could not
have been anything else than C. ae. saharae, their pale sandy plumage being very
noticeable in the faint moonlight. On June 17, when coming up from Touggourt
with the camels, Ahmed-ben-Naili found a clutch of two eggs, of which he un-
fortunately broke one. The remaining one closely resembles the two I found in
1909, and measures 32°1 x 22°5 mm.
72. *Coracias garrulus garrulus L.
Of. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 525,
Only single specimens observed in the Oned Nea on June 4, at El-Golea on
May 16, and near the oasis of Sebseb on May 27, but always so shy that we were
not able to shoot one.
75. Merops apiaster L.
Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 524.
Only a few times did we observe Bee-eaters in the sonth: on April 8 in the
Southern Oued Mya, and on April 17 and 18 at In-Salah. Neither here nor there
were they nesting, but in the Oned Nea a few were seen which seemed to have
their nests on the steep banks.
74. Merops persicus chrysocercus Cab. & Heine.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 524, pl. ix.
Nesting on the steep banks of the Oued Nea. On June 5 a clutch of five
eggs was taken, but they were so much incubated that only three could be saved.
On June 6a full clutch of five, almost fresh, was dug ont, while in another hole
young birds were already found. The holes were about a metre deep, One old
bird was shot for identification of the eggs.
The latter measure 26 x 21:1, 25 x 21, 25 x 21°4; 23:5 x 21:7, 23:2 x 22,
23:7 xX 22, 208 & 22, and 23° x 21:6 mm.
ee ee a
ae
an
(61 )
75. Upupa epops epops L.
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 525.
During our first stay in El-Golea a few Hoopoes were seen in the gardens, and
ov March 30 a great number were observed, flocks of five and six, and once twenty-
five or thirty together—altogether we must have seen fifty or sixty within half
an hour, in and about the outskirts of El-Golea. A few were seen on April 12
(Oued Mya), doubtless on migration. On June 6 I observed a pair (or at least
two) in the gardens of Guerrara, and I have little doubt that they were nesting
there.
76. *Jynx torquilla torquilla L.
Cf, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 526.
March 27 at El-Golea; April 13, Southern Oued-Mya; April 17, In-Salah—the
latter not shot.
[We searched in vain for Bubo ascalaphus ou Gara Klima, where Koenig’s
brother-in-law shot one. Several crevices and small caves were investigated and
possible castings found, but neither here uor elsewhere, in spite of much search, did
we come across any Hagle-owls. |
77. Tyto alba alba (Scop.).
Only heard and seen on the mosque in Touggourt, where we could not
shoot it.
78. Athene noctua saharae Kleinschm.
Since writing about these Little Owls in Nor. Zool. xviii. p. 529, with Mr.
Rothschild, I have reconsidered their status with the help of a very rich material,
and come to the conclusion that the southern form, from south of the Atlas,
must be separated from that inhabiting the northern portions of Africa Minor.
These Owls, so common in some parts of Algeria, are rare and local in the
actual Sahara. They were, however, not rare in the Oued Nea, where independent
young birds flew about already at the beginning of June.
We were especially interested in these and all other Owls, and did not often
go to sleep with the fowls, as we generally watched the lamp to catch moths long
after dusk. We saw, however, none of these Owls farther southwards, except
once in the Oned Mya, near Tilmas Djilrhempt, on May 2; even there only
this one bird was observed and shot, which was evidently a last year’s bird,
and has a very short wing of 150 mm. The unmistakable note was also heard
on May 24, at the Oued-el-Abiodh.
79. *“Asio flammeus flammeus (Pontopp.).
(Asio accipitrinus act.)
A single bird was seen sitting high up on a tamarisk bush in the desert,
80 km. south of El-Golea, April 2. It is in a peculiar plumage, the tail and
secondaries being strongly worn, while the primaries, scapulars, and body plumage
are very fresh.
( 62 )
80. Otus scops scops (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 530.
When we came to Touggourt, where these Owls were common in April 1909,
we looked ont in vain for them, and we saw none in Ouargla, where we were
told that they did not occur. In El-Golea, however, they were exceedingly
common during our stay in March. On some days there must have been dozens
in the officers’ gardens alone, sometimes four and five were found in one tree,
and they sat even on small trees in the courtyard of the fort. At night they
were very noisy; in addition to its single-noted melancholy call, which resembles
that of Bombinator igneus and Alytes, one heard a louder, gayer one, and
sometimes one or two syllables, reminding one of the note of an Athene.
In the Southern Oned Mya the remains of a Scops Owl which had evidently
been eaten by a bird of prey were found.
When we came back to El-Golea, late in May, our friends had gone, though
a single pair was at last heard in the oasis, where it nested, no doubt. We
are not sure if these Owls nest in Ghardaia, as we did not visit the far-off oasis
by night, but none were heard near the hotel and fortress.
In the Oued Nea they were rare, but a nest was found with three hard-set
eggs in a hole of a huge Terebinth-tree on June 4.
81. Gyps fulvus (Gm.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 530.
We saw a single specimen sailing along the mountain range east of Ghardaia
on June 2. Both Hilgert and I had a good look at it through our glasses, so
that our identification was absolutely certain.
[We were very disappointed not to see a sign of any other large Vultures
in the Sahara. Paul Spatz, however, brought home four eggs taken in Mareh
1898 at a place called Hl-Anagied, said to be about a hundred miles 8.8.B. of
Bir Aouine in the Tunisian desert. He was not allowed to proceed farther than
Bir Aouine, but he sent his shikari Ali there, who brought the four eggs, but
unfortunately no remains of the parent birds. The eggs are in the Erlanger
Collection in Ingelheim. They are spotted, and agree with many eggs of Aegypius
monachus* (L.), though they are not as thick and as richly marked as some
of the eggs of the latter species. They measure 88 x 71, 91 x 69, 96° x 65, and
96 x 65°5 mm. There is therefore no reason why they should not be the eggs
of Aegypius monachus (1i.), though those of Ofogyps auricularis are apparently
very similar in size and markings. In no case can they be anything else than
Aegypius, or possibly Otogyps. |
82. Neophron percnopterus percnopterus (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 531.
Scarce in the Sahara, bat single specimens seen at intervals as far south as
the southernmost Oued Mya, where, however, one or two young birds only were
observed, one of which was at last shot.
* Hitherto called Vultwr monachus, but in no case can this species be looked upon as the type of
“ Vultur,” as it was not included in the genus when that was first established, in 1758,
( 63 )
[Gypactus barbatus atlantis was not observed south of El-Kantara and Biskra,
and cannot be called an inhabitant of the real Sahara. The same is to be said
of Aguila chrysactus. |
83. Buteo ferox cirtensis (Lev.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. XViil. p. 535.
Observed as far south as Ain Guettara, where also old nests were found.
Entirely restricted to mountainous places with high and steep cliffs. Young
birds about half-grown were brought to El-Golea on May 17. A nest with young
was discovered on the 20th, which was easily accessible. It contained two young,
almost ready to leave the nest. An old bird, which to our great surprise was
found to be a male, was shot while bringing food. Though Hilgert sat well
concealed in 2 hut built of stones and Retam branches until dusk, no other bird
appeared; we therefore supposed that the female had perished, as it could not
have been such a bad mother as to leave the young alone from 11 a.m. till 8 o'clock
at night. Of the young ones, we skinned one, the largest, and kept the smaller
one alive. Together with a young Falcon and another Buzzard which we had
brought with us from El-Golea, it gave us much amusement. The Buzzards
were fierce and obstinate; they refused food for a few days, threw themselves
on the back and fought with their claws when one approached them ; they were
wide-awake and active, running away in the open desert and climbing rocks when
near the tent; they also tried to rob the Falcon of its food, but they were generally
silent. The Falcon, on the other hand, was gentle and tame, fed the first day
we had him, and kept up a loud cry often for hours. As a rale they did not
drink, but during the broiling hot days of the second half of May they began
eagerly to drink and to bathe, like the Falcon, when opportunity was given.
We shot two old males, one with the uniform reddish tail of an adult bird,
though there is a greyish tinge at the base; the other with a faint subterminal
blackish bar and traces of bars on the outer pair of rectrices.
The young birds resemble the adalt ones in the blackish brown upperside
with wide rufous edges to the feathers; the underside is cinnamon-buff, with wide
brown streaks on the sides of the breast; tail rufous, widely barred with blackish
brown.
84. Milvus korschun korschun (Gm.).
Of, Nov. Zool. xvii. p. 536.
Found in the desert wherever hills and rocks are near, as far south as the
southernmost Oued Mya, but everywhere very scarce, and generally seen singly
or in pairs.
Three eggs were taken on a clay hill with a steep escarpment near the Hassi
el-Hadjar, between Ouargla and El-Golea, already hard-set, on March 17. An
adult male was shot in the southernmost bend of the Oued Mya.
85. *Circus macrourus (Gin.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 536.
I do not remember having seen this Harrier more than once—?e. April 3,
1912, when one or two were seen hunting Short-toed Larks in the Oued Saret.
I shot one, which, though cinnamon underneath and earth-brown above, proved
to be a male, with very small, narrow, elongated testicles,
( 64 )
86. (?") Circus aeruginosus (L.).
C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p, 536.
Several specimens were seen on the lake at El-Golea on March 26, and
again, apparently a pair, on May 16, which might have had their nest in the
impenetrable reeds.
87. Circaétus gallicus (Gm.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 537,
On June 4 I found a hnge nest on an old Terebinth-tree, close to another
big empty nest, on which a Short-toed Eagle was sitting very close, -hatching
an addled egg. The bird proved to be a male.
A single bird was clearly observed at Sebseb, 51 km. south of Ghardaia.
88. Falco tinnunculus L.
C£. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 538,
Two Kestrels, evidently migrating, were seen on March 14. A single female
was observed at Igosten on April 15, aud again—possibly the same bird—at
In-Salah, where also the remains of a dead specimen were found.
A nest with four eggs (hard-set) was found in the wall of the ruined old
Berber town above the abattoirs of Ghardaia on May 30, and another with
half-grown young the following day. On the latter the female was caught with
the hand.
Evidently nesting also in Guerrara (seen 6. vi. 1912), Touggourt (12. vi.),
Mraier and Biskra.
89. Falco biarmicus erlangeri Kleinschm,
Cf, Nov. Zool, Xviil. p- 538.
This beautiful Falcon ranges from El-Kantara, where it nests, south to Ain
Guettara, where a pair was observed on April 27. It occurs, naturally, only where
rocks afford opportunity for nesting. It does not, however, cling to inaccessible,
huge cliffs, but most of the nests we found were accessible without ropes, some
easily, others not without difficulty. On May 21 Hilgert discovered a nest with
half-grown young on a cliff not more than four metres in height, and barely three
above the ground. Throngh a mishap the old bird escaped us, but a female, off
eggs, was shot on April 9 in the southernmost Oued Mya, and an adult male in
the same region on May 4. A young bird was killed in the Oued Nea, June 4.
A clutch of two, one hard-set, the other damaged, was taken, 9. iv.; another
of two, almost fresh, on April 11. The eggs are placed in small caves, always
protected from above, on the bare rock, and the nest is visible by the white
excrements.
These birds are very shy, and so are the Buzzards even there in those solitudes,
where they are rarely molested.
The plumage and eggs will be described in my forthcoming part of the
Vog. d. pal. Fauna.
90, *Ardeola ralloides ralloides (Scop.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 539.
Observed, but not obtained, at El-Golea, March 26.
( 65 )
91. Ixobrychus minutus (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 539. (Sub nomine: Ardetia minuta.)
A female shot, and another specimen seen, Hl-Golea, May 15.
92. *Kgretta garzetta garzetta (L.).
Cf. Loche, Expl, Scient. Algérie, Ois. ii, p. 183: Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi. p. 119.
Captain Charlet sent me a specimen from In-Salah, obtained in the autumn
of 1912.
93. (*?) Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 539.
Twice seen on May 16, at El-Golea.
94. *Ciconia ciconia ciconia (L.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 539.
On February 9 we witnessed the arrival of the first Stork, in the early
morning; on the same day a flock of probably sixty or eighty was seen from the
train in the plain of El]-Outaya, near Biskra.
A single stork, dirty and dishevelled, was observed at Igosten, April 15, and
another—perhaps the same—at In-Salah on the 22nd.
The most interesting and almost incredible information about a flight of storks
is contained in a letter by Capitaine Charlet, dated In-Salah, 19. viii. 1912.
The Captain writes: “The heat this year has been quite uncommon. The
natives whom I saw the other day at Aoulef told me that they never witnessed
it like that before; the dates are quite hardened, which means a great loss
to them.
“ The natives have succeeded in catching at Inrhar, 60 km. from here, in one
week over 500 Storks, which descended half-dead from thirst near the water-
basins in the gardens! They reckon that it is a gift of heaven to compensate
them for the loss of their date-crop, and eat greedily this game of a novel
description.”
I need not emphasize the interest attached to this communication. I gather
from it, that such quantities of storks do not, as a rule, visit Tidikelt ; why they
should have been half-starved or weakened from thirst is difficult to understand, as
the exceptional heat of last summer did not extend north of the Atlas, and I doubt
if it takes a stork longer than a day to fly from the Atlas to Inrhar. What
astonishes me most is the early date of this ‘invasion of storks—in August, as the
letter was written August 19! I wrote at once, asking if any rings had been
found on the legs, as it would be of great interest to know whence these storks
had come, and if any were “ marked,” but so far the answer has not arrived.
95. *Plegadis falcinellus (1..).
of. Nov. Zool, XViil. p. 541.
An adult male, with testicles of the size of a small hazel-nut (17 mm, long),
shot at El-Golea, 28, ili, 1912,
5
( 66 )
96. *Phoenicopterus roseus Pall.
Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 541.
On February 20 we found three dead Flamingoes near Bordj Saada, which had
struck the telegraph-wires a few days before. According to information of some
Frenchmen and Arabs hundreds of Flamingoes were observed in March on the
Chott near Mraier.
97. “Anas crecca crecca L.
Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 542.
One examined while it was being plucked for the kitchen, at Ouargla on
March 8. Said to be common at times at Ouargla and Hl-Golea, on passage.
98. “Anas querquedula L.
Cf. Cat. B. Brit, Mus. xxvii. p. 293 (* Querquedula circia”) ; Loche, Expl, Scient. Algérie, Ois. ii.
p. 376 (Pterocyanea circia).
One shot at Ouargla, March 9, when three or four others were seen, and
another examined there a day or two after, which was shot by the hotel-
keeper.
Many Ducks of various kinds visit the Chotts near Onargla and elsewhere, and
still more, apparently, the lake at El-Golea, but we were too late in the latter place
for them ; their shooting requires time, as they are generally very wild and every
sportsman is after them. Some ducks seen at a distance at Hl-Golea in March
appeared to be Anas penelope.
99. Columba livia livia L.
Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 543,
Not found among the mountains of the central Sahara, where we visited them.
The southernmost place where we saw any was at Sebseb, May 26, where there
were a good many, of which a young bird was obtained.
Also seen at Ghardaia.
100, Streptopelia turtur arenicola (Hurt. L.).
(? Partim !)
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 543. ;
Turtle-doves were once seen at In-Salah and at Igosten, where a male was
shot, which is so dark that I cannot say that it differs from S. ¢. turtwr of Central
Europe; it is, however, a bit greasy, and fat darkens the colours very much; it
was shot from a flock of five or six; and its testicles were 2 cm. long and 6 mm.
thick.
A number of Turtle-doves were seen at El-Golea in May, and a few single
ones on passage north of In-Salah and in the Southern Oued Mya, on April 25
and 28, and May 5, also on May 8, but none could be shot.
A single adult male, with enlarged testicles, was killed 76 km. south of
Ghardaia.
Many breed at Ghardaia, Touggourt, Mraier and Biskra, evidently also at
Guerrara, where a ? was shot on June 7, which is somewhat dark for arenicola,
but not quite dark enough for S. 4, turtur.
CSF)
101. Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiacus (Luth.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 543,
Great numbers nest in the oases of Ghardaia, and they are by no means rare in
Guerrara and Ouargla, nor yet in Touggourt, Mraier and Biskra,
They are, however, absent from El-Golea and In-Salah. This is very
interesting, as it proves that the distribution of this tropical Dove has not taken
place through the Sahara, but by way of the coast, #7 Marocco.
102. Pterocles alchata alchata (L.).
C£. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 544.
Hundreds passed over the desert in the morning and evening south of Biskra,
and especially near Nca ben Rzig, where we shot several on February 25.
Apparently confined to the northern desert.
103. Pterocles senegallus (L.).
C£. Nov. Zool, xviii, p. 544.
This species goes evidently farthest south in the Sahara. We saw thousands
coming from the Chott near Ket-el-Dor, south of Biskra, and they were common
near Ouargla, in March. A few were seen near El-Golea, and a female shot on
May 16. At certain times they are said to appear in great numbers near El-Golea.
We were disappointed not to come across a breeding-place between Ghardaia and
Touggourt, where none were observed.
(There can be little doubt that Daubenton’s “ Gélinote du Sénégal,” on which
the name “ senegallus” is based, never come from the Senegal,| though a closer
exploration of the Senegal is still a desideratum.)
104. Caccabis petrosa spatzi Rchw.
Cf. Nov. Zool, xviii. p, 544.
Very common in the Oued Nea, where they had half-grown and two-thirds-
grown young during the first week of June. It is also found in the river-beds south
of Ghardaia, as far south as the Oued el-Abiodh, where we came across it for the
first time on June 25, coming from El-Golea. They had there already about half-
grown young. Also found in small numbers near El-Kantara, where one was
obtained this year; this specimen is a shade more greyish than the others, but this
is probably due to the wonderful freshness of its plumage, as it was shot three aud
a half months earlier.
105. *Coturnix coturnix coturnix (L.).
C£. Nov, Zool. xviii. p. 545.
We had expected to see much of the migration of (Juails, but this was not the
case. There were Quails about Hl-Golea in March, but as they were hidden in the
fresh fields, which we did not like to enter, we did not shoot any.
A single one was met with in the Southern Oued Mya region, on April 9,
( 68 )
106. (?*) Fulica atra (1.).
Cf. Nov, Zool. xviii, p. 545.
Several Coots were seen on the lake of El-Golea, where they are said to be
resident and breeding, since some years.
107. *Megalornis grus grus (1.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, p, 546.
Cranes flew overhead, londly calling, on February 20, in the evening at 7.30 and
at 8 o'clock.
108. Houbara undulata undulata (Jacquin).
CE, Nov, Zool, xviii. p. 546.
Ranges from Biskra south to the valley of El-Meksa in the Erg-bent-Chaouli,
south of El-Golea, and perhaps even farther southwards,
On March 31 some adult birds were shot, and four nestlings canght 46 km.
south of El-Golea, near the Hassi Okseibat, on a sandy plain with many stones and
a good deal of fine vegetation. The first down is above of a pale cream-colour, more
white on neck, head and rump, with rufons-brown patches and black lines, under-
neath white with rusty rufous markings and a few blackish lines on the throat.
The iris is dull pale orange-brown, feet yellowish green, bill horn-black with white
point on tip of culmen. The next moult brings forth, on the upperside, cinnamon-buff
with black fringes and slate-coloured bases.
109. Burhinus (Oedicnemus) oedicnemus saharae Rchw. (?).
Cf, Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 547; Mandl. Brit. B. p. 163.
We only came across this species on two occasions. weit nach oben ausgedehnt ist. A. a. styani ist durch-
schnittlich kleiner, und die weisse Fiirbung der Unterseite erstreckt sich hoher
hinanf.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Crone lomo aleDs len TeMiommiorn(ets Teen inoes (ers Tew nls hos
73*, 73%, 73*, 73*, 73:5, 74, 74%, 74*, 74*, 75, 75, 75%, 76%, 77*.
29 33: Durehschnitt 73:0, Variation 71—77 mm.
2 Pad.: 68, 69, 69, 69°5, 69°5, 70, 70, 71, 71, 71, 73.
Typus: S$ Sharaikisha, Formosa, 5. iv. 1907, coll. Alan Owstons Japanische
Sammiler, im Tring Museum.
Verbreitung : Formosa.
Hypothymis azurea styani (Hartl.).
Siphia styani Hartlaub, Abh, Nat. Ver. Bremen vol. xvi Teil 2 p. 248 (1898—Hvihow und Nodouha
auf Hainan),
Hartert zieht in Nov. Zool. vol. xvii 1910 p. 225 die Hainanvégel zu
H. a, coeruleocephala, Wr hat sie aber offenbar nicht mit Vorderindischen
Exemplaren, soadern mit solechen von Barma und Assam verglichen, die irrtiim-
licherweise bisher mit coeruleocephala vereinizt wurden. Hinterindische Exemplare
und soleche vom Himalaya lassen sich in der Tat von Hainanern nicht abtrennen.
Sie unterscheiden sich yon prophata wid azurea darch den ausgesprochener
blanen, weniger violett geténten Riicken, der gleichzeitig etwas dankler ist als
( 296 )
bei symmiata. Der schwarze Nackenfleck ist so gross wie bei prophata und
symmicta und durchschnittlich grésser als bei azurea. Die weisse Fiirbung des
Unterkérpers ist relativ sehr rein, wie bei coeruleocephala und ceylonensis, und
erstreckt sich héher hinauf als bei azurea, oberholseri, prophata und symmixta.
Verglichen mit H. a. coeruleocephala und ceylonensis ist der Kopf von viel
leuchtenderem, reinerem Blau, nicht violett getént, und das schwarze Kropfband
ist wohl ausgebildet, nicht nur angedeutet.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Hainan : ¢ 67, 68, 71, 71, 71°5, 72, 72-5, 72°5, 73.
2 67, 69, 69, 69, 70, 70, 70°5, 71, 73.
Tenasserim : ¢ 72, 72*, 72°5, 72°5*, 72°5*, 72:5", 73°5*, 75*.
Burma und Shan-Staaten: ¢ 68*, 69%, 695, 69:°5*, 70*, 70*, 70*, 70-5*, 71*,
71*, 71*, 715%, 72%, 73*, 73%, 74*.
Assam, Cachar, Bengalen: 6, 67°5, 68*, 68*, 68-5*, 71*, 71*, 71*, 71:5, 72, 72*,
72:0, 73", 73*, 75*.
Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan: ¢ 71*, 71:5*, 72*, 72*, 72", 73, 74*.
Raipurse 10% eden wl Temes ute
Cochinchina: 69*, 73*, 73*.
9 $3 von Hainan: Durchschnitt 70-9, Variation 67—73 mm.
54 63 von Kontinent: Durchschnitt 71:4, Variation 67:5—75 mm.
Verbreitung: Hainan, Siam (?), Cochinchina, Tenasserim, Burma, Assam,
Bengalen, Himalayalinder, Nordindien siidlich bis zam Deccan.
Hypothymis azurea coeruleocephala (Sykes).
Muscicapa coertileocephala Sykes, P. Z, S. 1832 p. 85 (Deccan).
Die vorderindische Form ist im minnlichen Geschlecht von allen iibrigen weiss-
biiuchigen mit Ausnahme der ceylonesischen durch die Kopffirbung unterschieden,
die nicht leuchtend azurblau, sondern stark violett getént ist wie der Riicken.
Von H. a. ceylonensis weicht sie hauptsichlich durch die etwas deutlichere schwarze
Kropfbinde und den etwas grésseren Nackenfleck ab.
Fliigellinge in mm, :
Mysore: ¢ 71, 71.
Travancore : d 68*, 69*.
Nilghiri-hills : d 69*.
Bombay : ¢ 69.
Malabar: ? 60.
Verbreitung : Vorderindien, etwa vom Deccan an siidwarts.
Hypothymis azurea ceylonensis Sharpe.
Herr Dr. von Madardsz betrachtet in seinem Reisebericht (“ Die Ornithol.
Ergebn. meiner Reise nach Ceylon,” Természetrajzi Fuzetek vol. xx 1897 p. 341)
die Ceylonform als ident mit Hypothymis azurea (Sharpe nee Boddaert !) da “ bei
allen meinen Exemplaren das schwarze Halsband—wenn auch nur in geringem
Masse—vorhanden ist.” Die mir vorliegenden Ceylonmiinnchen bestiitigen dies ;
sie zeigen aber zugleich, dass bei ceylonensis das Kropfband schwiicher ausgebildet
ist als bei irgend einer anderen Form und nur undeutlich erkennbar ist. Im
violetten Ton des Kopfes stimmt die Form mit der vorderindischen iiberein, bei der
wiederum der Nackenfleck grisser ist.
( 297 )
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
3 69*, 70*, 70° ; 2 65:5, 67 [nach v. Madarisz, U.c.: d 68, 73, 74; 2 70].
Verbreitung : Ceylon.
Hypothymis azurea idiochroa Oberh.
3 Exemplare im Tring-Museum; davon ein ¢ und ein ? mit der Localitiits-
angabe Car Nicobar: Fliigel 75 resp. 69°5 mm ; ein zweites d mit der Angabe
oD 5 if 2 to}
“ Nicobaren ” und einer Fliigelliinge von 75°5 mm. stammt offenbar von der gleichen
Insel.
Verbreitung : Car Nicobar.
Hypothymis azurea calocara Oberh.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
odad:
Kondul (zwischen Gross- u. Klein-Nicobar) : 65*, 66*, 66*, 67*.
Montschal (éstl. von Klein-Nicobar) : 67*.
Tilanchong : 65°5*.
Trinkut : 67*, 67*.
Teressa: 67%.
Camorta : 69%.
Nankauri: 68*.
1136: Durchschnitt 66-9, Variation 65—69 mm. [Oberholser : 86 3: Durch-
schnitt 67-6, Variation 65—69 mm.].
Verbreitung : Nicobaren mit Ausnahme von Car Nicobar.
Hypothymis azurea tytleri (Beavan).
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Siid-Andaman : ¢ 70°5*, 71*, 72*, 72*, 72°5, 73*, 73*, 73%, 73*, 73*, 73*, 73%,
7
Little Cocos Island : 3 70.
23.953: Durchschnitt 73°2, Variation 72—76 mm. [Oberholser : 2363: Durch-
schnitt 73, Variation 71—75 mm.].
Verbreitung : Andamanen, Grosse u. Kleine Kokos-Insel.
Hypothymis azurea richmondi Oberh.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bua-bua (Engano): 3 75.
[Oberholser: 1163: Durchschnitt 72:9, Variation 69:5—74-5 mm. |
Verbreitung : Engano.
XXI. Die Formen von Furystomus orientalis (1).
Ubersicht (Alterskleid).
A. Apicalhiilfte der Stenerfedern regelmiissig schwarz ohne blaue Aussen-
siinme; Unterkérper lebhaft griinlich blan :
a. Fliigelliinge 172—194 mm., Schnabel schmiiler . Mu. 0. orientalis.
b. Fliigelliinge 191—205 mm., Schnabel breiter —. Eu. 0. gigas.
( 298 )
B. Apicalhilfte der Aussenfahne der Stenerfedern oder wenigstens ihres
Aussensaumes meist (aber nicht immer) blan mit Ausnahme der
iiussersten Spitze; Unterkérper lebhaft griinlich blau. Fliigelliinge
180—203 mm. . : ‘ : : . Eu. 0. calonyx.
C. Apicalbilfte des Anssensaumes der Stahesiedeen schwarz, oder blau in
variierender Ausdehnung ; Unterkérper blass blau mit grauem Ton.
Fliigelliinge 179—202 mm. : : : . Eu. 0. pacificus.
D. Fiarbungsvariabilitiit der Steuerfedern Gai Tliigelliinge wie bei C, aber
Unterkérper etwas bliulicher und lebhafter gefiirbt . Huw. 0. connectens.
FE. Ganze Aussenfahne der Steuerfedern regelmiissig dunkel cyanblau, Unter-
kérper in der Regel noch blaulicher als bei A und B, weniger griinlich.
Fliige] 190—210 mm. (meist iitber 200 mm.).
a. Spitze des Oberschnabels in der Regel rot.
1. Schaftstriche der Federn des Kehlfleckes wesentlich heller als
die iibrige Feder , ; : 5 Zu. 0. solomonensis.
2. Schaftstriche der Federn des Kehlfleckes nur wenig heller als
die iibrige Feder . : . Eu. 0. neohanoveranus.
b. Spitze des Oberschnabels stets eohwee . Eu. 0. crassirostris.
Es bedeuten im folgenden :
Massangaben ohne Zusatz : Exempl. des Tring-Museums.
*s mit einem * : ‘ » British Museum.
= nach Parrot, Beitriige zur Ornithologie Sumatras,
nach W. Blasius, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn. vol. iii. p. 90.
nach Stejneger, Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. x. 1887 p. 403.
P
B
8
1. Eurystomus orientalis orientalis (L.)
Coracias orientalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Bd. xii p. 159 (1766—* Ostindien,” ex Brisson ; patr. (a
nobis). design. : Java).
Eurystonius cyanicollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. vol. xxix p. 425 (1819 —“ Indien ”).
Eurystomus fuscicapillus Vieillot l.c. p. 426 (1819—“ Ostindien,” aus Buffon, der seine Angaben aus
Brisson schépft).
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bali: 187, 188.
Java: 183 [P], 183 [P], 187 [P], 188*, 191*.
Sumatra: 176 [P], 178 [P], 179 [P], 184, 185 [P], 185 [P], 187 [P}.
Borueo : 185, 189, 189, 190*.
Sibutu: 181.
Sualu-Archipel: 178, 181.
Philippinen : 176*, 178*, 178*, 179*, 179*, 179, 180*, 180*, 181, 181*, 181",
182*, 182*, 183, 183*, 183*, 183*, 184", 184*, 184, 186*, 187", 187*, 187", 187, 188,
188*, 188*, 188*, 190*, 194.
Nord-Celebes, Siao, Sangir und Talaut : 172, 175, 176, 176, 176, 179, 180, 180,
180, 182, 183, 183 [B], 183 [B], 185, 192.
66 Ex.: Durchschnitt 1832, Variation 172—194 mm.
Standvogel in: Sumatra, Billitot, Java, Bali, Borneo, Labuan, Sibutu, Sulo-
Archipel, Philippinen, Siao, Sangir, Talaut, Celebes mit Ausnahme der siillichen
Halbinsel.
ilapartiactindinatanediaiddnadestesdtnasanttstiemaranetinen Shc cinarddiench act tra he
( 299 )
2. Eurystomus orientalis gigas subsp. n.
In der Fiirbung stimmt diese Form vollkommen mit der vorigen iiberein ; sie
ist indessen im Darchschnitt wesentlich grisser, insbesondere ist die gewaltige
Breite der Schnabelbasis ein sehr charakteristisches und constantes Merkmal.
Hierauf hat bereits Sharpe in P. ZS. 1890 p. 551 anfmerksam gemacht: “ It
(Eurystomus orientalis) is also found in the Andamans, the bird from this locality
being remarkable for a somewhat larger bill.”
Uber das Vorkommen der Art vergl. Hume, Stray Feathers vol. ii. p. 165:
“ None of us observed this (Hurystomus orientalis) anywhere except in the neigh-
bourhood of Port Blair. I do not know whether this is a permanent resident, but
suppose it must be so ; we obtained it from September to April, and specimens have
been sent killed in September.”
Ganz junge Stiicke, noch ohne lazurblane Kehlfedern (die zuweilen bereits
auftreten, bevor das Grossgefieder ausgewachsen ist!) befinden sich im Britisi
Maseum, gesammelt bei Port Blair am 17. vii. und 1. nnd 22. viii. 1873.
Fliigelliinge in mm.:
Siidliche Andamanen: 191*, 192*, 192°5, 193*, 193*, 195*, 195*, 195*, 197*,
198, 198*, 198*, 198", 199, 202, 202, 203, 203*, 205*—19 Ex.: Durchschnitt
196-8 mm,
Typus: Rutland-Insel, Andamanen, 4. iii. 1907, B. B. Ostmaston coll., im
Tring-Museum.
Verbreitung : Siidliche Andamanen.
3. Eurystomus orientalis calonyx Sharpe.
{ Eurystomus caloryne Hodgson, in Gray’s Zool. Mise. p. 82 (1844—Nepal ; nomen nudum !].
Eurystomus calonye Sharpe, P. ZS. 1890 p. 551—terra typica; Nepal, Typus im British Museum.
? Burystomus laetior Sharpe 1.c, p. 551 (1890—Malabar, Nilghiris, Ceylon).
Im déstlichen und nérdlichen Teil ihres Verbreitnngsgebietes (das nérdliche
und mittlere China, Korea, Japan, die Amurliinder nnd Kamtschatka) scheint diese
Form stets in mehr oder weniger ausgesprochenem Grade die charakteristische
Schwanzfiirbung zu besitzen (cf. La Touche, /4is 1900 p. 44), wiihrend in Hainan,
den Himalayaliindern, Hinterindien und Malakka zur Brutzeit sowohl Vogel
angetroffen werden, bei denen die apicale Hilfte des Aussensaumes der Stenerfedern
blan ist, wie solche, die sich in der Schwanzfiirbung nicht von der typischen Form
unterscheiden lassen. So vertreten z. B. zwei ganz junge Vogel des Brit. Mus.,
von Mandelli im Juli 1874 in Sikkim gesammelt, die beiden Fiirbungstypen, Die
Fiirbung der Steuerfedern ist mithin kein ausreichendes Merkmal zur Kennzeichnang
der Form ; vielmehr muss beim Vergleich mit zw. 0. orientalis noch die bedeu-
tendere Durclschnittgrésse, gepaart mit relativ geringer Breite des Schnabels,
hervorgehoben werden. Wenn daher Stejneger (in Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xvi,
1893, pp. 627-8) bei zwei HExemplaren von Kiu-Schin (Japan) und 4 von
Tsuschima die yon Sharpe als charakteristisch fiir calonyx angegebene blaue
Schwanzfiirbung feststellt, dagegen bei (wieviel ?) Lutschu-Stiicken dieselbe ver-
misst, so berechtigt dies m. E. nicht zu der Annahme, “ We have, consequently,
in Japanese territory two species, or forms, of Murystomus—E. orientalis in the
Liu-kius, probably travelling south over Formosa to the Philippines, and 2. calonya,
the migration route of which is more westerly over China to the Malayan peninsula.”
( 300 )
Ob sich vorderindische Exemplare als selbstiindige Form abtrennen lassen oder
nicht, muss weiteres Material ergeben ; die von Sharpe angefiihrte “lebhaftere
Firbung” scheint kein Charakteristikum za sein, und die vier Exemplare des
Brit. Mus. geben zu keiner Sonderstellung Anlass.
In Tenasserim und Malakka scheinen zur. Brutzeit “ blauschwiinzige ” Stiicke
weit seltener zu sein als “ schwarzschwiinzige” ; von letzterer Localitiit habe ich
nur 2 Sommervégel vom “echten calonyx-Typus” gesehen (vii. 1877, im Brit.
Mus.), wiihrend im Himalaya diese Fiirbungsphase entschieden dominiert. Da
gleichzeitig die Fliigelliinge der Malakkavégel im Darchschnitt geringer ist, darf
man sie vielleicht als Ubergiinge zur typischen Form auffassen und sie durch die
Formel
Eurystomus orientalis orientalis = calonyx
bezeichnen.—Uber das Auftreten der Art in der malayischen Halbinsel sind die
Angaben von Robinson und Kloss in Jé/s 1911 p. 32 zu vergleichen. Die genannten
Autoren nehmen an, dass beide Formen, Fu. 0. orientalis und calonyx, nebeneinander
in diesem Gebiet vorkommen, bemerken aber gleichzeitig : ‘considerable variation
is met with in the amount of blue on the tail-feathers.” Die Annahme des Bestehens
einer Ubergangsform scheint mir diese Erscheinung in der befriedigendsten Weise
zu erkliiren.
Sharpe vermutete, dass Hw. calonyx im Winter als Gast ans dem Norden im
Malayischen Archipel auftrete, auf Grund vereinzelten Vorkommens “ blauschwiin-
ziger” Stiicke auf verschiedenen westlichen Inseln. Robinson und Kloss erkliren
Lc. die Art fiir einen sicheren Zugvogel, “ being commoner during the winter months
and having been met with on the small islands in the middle of the Straits of
Malacca.” Uber ihre Zugvogelnatur vergl. ferner :
La Touche, Zdis 1900 p. 44 (Kuatun); La Touche und Rickett, /éis 1905
p- 48 (Fokien) ; Styan, /éis 1887 p. 229 (Futschan) ; Taczanowski, P. Z, S. 1888
p- 462 (Korea) ; La Touche, /é2s 1907 p. 5 (Tschinkiang), ete.
Bisher wurden zweifellose calonyx im Bereiche des Archipels gesammelt auf :
Borneo (Brunei ii. 1898 ; Mt. Penrison ; beide Ex. im Brit. Mus.) ; Simalur (16. xii.
fide Richmond, Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xxvi., 1903, p. 497); Banguran (X. im
Tring-Museum); Sumatra (3 Ex. von Padang und 1 von den Lampongs, Winter
1901, fide Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. 1902 p. 673).
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
A. Blauschwinziger Typus:
Kambodja: 193*.
Amur-bai: 188.
Sidemifluss (Ost-Sibirien): 194.
Nordchina: 182*; Ningpo: 194; Weihaiwei: 192; Futschau: 189, 186*,
190*, 194* ; Fokien : 195 ; Whampoa bei Macao: 180*, 192*.
Hainan: 180*, 183, 185, 197, 198.
Siidl. Shan-Staaten : 195%.
Nepal: 191*, 191*, 194*, 194*.
Sikkim : 188*, 189*, 190*, 191*, 193*, 194*, 194", 196", 198*.
Assam, Cachar, Manipur und Oberbarma: 183*, 136, 187, 200*, 200*, 200, 200,
201, 201*, 201*, 202*, 202", 203*.
Pegu: 192, 194.
Tenasserim : 197, 197.
( 301+)
Malakka ; 180*, 185*, 189*, 189*, 190*, 191*, 199".
Pulu Saban bei Singapore : 189*.
Bunguran : 194.
Brunei: 183*.
B. Schwarzschwinziger Typus :
Lutschu-Inseln : 180 [8].
Hainan: 189.
Siam: 188*,
Burma : 187, 189, 190.
Cachar : 192.
Tenasserim : 183*, 184*, 185*, 185*, 186*, 186*, 187*, 189, 190, 192, 193, 200.
Malakka : 178, 179*, 180*, 180*, 181", 182*, 182, 186*, 186, 186, 187, 187*,
188*, 191*, 194*.
Salanga : 199*.
Singapore : 189*, 193*.
Ceylon: 184*.
Travancore : 197*.
59 Ex. vom blauschwiinzigen Typus: Durchschnitt 192:2, Variation 180—
203 mm.
39 Ex. vom schwarzschwiinzigen Typus: Durchschnitt 187°2, Variation 178—
200 mm.
4. Kurystomus orientalis pacificus (Lath.).
Coracias pacifica Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii (1801—Australien). Cf. Sharpe, Hist, Coll.
Brit. Mus. vol. ii p. 119.
Eurystomus australis Swainson, Anim. in Menag. p. 326 (1838—Neu Holland).
Eurystomus orientalis bravi Mathews, Nov. Zool. vol. xviii p. 285 (1912—Nordwest-Australien).
Diese Form ist als Brutvogel aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach auf Australien
beschriinkt ; sie ist dort, wenigstens fiir die siidlichen Gegenden, Zugvogel, und
erscheint in den Wintermonaten der Siidhemisphiire auf Nenuguinea, dem Louisiade-
und D’Entrecasteaux-Archipel, den westlichen papuanischen Inseln, den Nord- und
Siid-Molukken, sowie anf den Siidost-, Kei- und Aru-Inseln. Verirrte warden auch
auf Neuseeland geschossen.
Fliigelliinge in mm. (die in Klammer gesetzten rémischen Zahlen dienen zur
Bezeichnung des Sammelmonats) :
Australien: 186 (XD), 189 (XI), 189 (XID, 191 (XD, 191 (XI), 192 (XD,
193 (X), 193 (XI), 195 (XI), 198 (XI), 198 (XI), 198 (IV), 199 (XI).
Neuguinea: 188 (VI), 197 (V), 198 (1X), 199 (1X).
Salawatti: 182 (V), 198 (V).
Batanta : 188 (VII).
Ceram; 179 (V), 182 (X), 185 (V), 185 (IX), 190 (V), 202 (IV).
Banda: 192 (1X).
Teor: 191 (X).
Goram ; 189 (XI).
Halmahera: 182, 182, 193.
Kei; 188 (1X), 188 (1X), 192 (IX).
Aru: 187 (V1), 190 (V1), 192 (V1), 196 (V), 198 (V).
40 Exemplare: Durchschnitt 191-1, Variation 179—202 mm.
( 302 )
5. Eurystomus orientalis connectens subsp. n.
Der australischen Form sehr nahe stehend, aber durch etwas lebhaftere,
bliulichere Unterseite unterschieden und zn Lu. 0. orientalis iiberleitend.
Im Tring-Museum befinden sich folgende Jungvégel, deren Schwingen noch
nicht vollstindig ausgewachsen sind, die also noch nicht imstande waren, einen Flug
iiber See auszufiihren ;
Sumba: xii, 1896, A. Everett coll.
Wualar auf Damar: 11. und 18. xii. 1898, H. Kiihn coll.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bonthain (Siid-Celebes) : 191.
Kalidupa: 195.
Djampea: 195, 198.
Sambawa: 187, 192, 197, 199.
Sumba: 192, 193, 193, 194.
Flores : 198, 200.
Alor: 193.
Wetter: 194.
Kisser: 188, 189.
Leti : 189, 193.
Damar: 190, 198, 193.
Luang: 184, 187.
Moa: 188, 190, 197, 197, 198.
Tenimber ; 188, 192.
Lombok : 191.
Kangean : 185.
35 Ex.: Durchschnitt 192:5, Variation 184—200 mm.
Typus: 3 Moa, 18. xi. 1902, H. Kiihn coll., im Tring-Museum.
Verbreitung : Inselkette yon Kangean und Lombok bis Tenimber ; Djampea,
Kalidupa, Siid- Celebes.
Eurystomus orientalis subsp. ?
Auf den Nordmolukken scheinen drei Lurystomusformen aufzutreten : (1) der
durch seine dunkel azurblaue Farbang und das Fehlen aller gritulichen Téae im
Kleingefieder (diese sind auf den Fliigelspiegel beschriinkt) scharf markierte
Eurystomus azureus Gray ; (2) Eurystomus orientalis pacificus als Wintergast; und
(3) eine Form, die bisher meist mit Hurystomus orientalis orientalis identificiert
wurde (cf. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. vol.i p. 507; Guillemard, P. ZS. 1885 p. 568),
sich jedoch von letzterem durch meist etwas blassere Fiirbuog uad durch die
durchschnittlich bedeutendere Grosse unterscheidet. Die meisten der mir vor-
liegenden Stiicke stimmen véllig mit wu. 0. connectens iiberein, zwei dagegen sind
bliulicher als das in dieser Hinsicht extremste Stiick der connectens-Reite.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Halmahera : 181, 186, 191, i92.
Batjan : 194, 199.
Tidore: 191.
Ternate: 179, 179, 199. |
( 303 5
6. Eurystomus orientalis solomonensis Sharpe.
Eurystomus solomonensis Sharpe, P, ZS. 1890 p. 552—Salomons-Inseln.
Verbreitung : Salomons-Inseln.
7. Eurystomus orientalis crassirostris Scl.
Eurystomus crassirostris Sclater, P. Z.S. 1869 p. 121—*Salomons-Inseln.” » Patr. subst. ; Neu-
Pommern, ef. Rothschild & Hartert, Nov Zool. vol. x p. 197.
Eurystomus waigiouensis Elliot, /bis 1871 pp. 203-4—Waigeu.
Verbreitung : Neu-Guinea, Neu-Pommern, Neu-Lauenburg, Louisiade- und
D’Entrecasteaux-Archipel, Waigeu und Misol.
8. Eurystomus orientalis neohanoveranus Hart.
Eurystomus neohanoveranus Hartert, Nov, Zool. vol. viii p. 185 Anm. (1901 —Neu-Hannover).
Verbreitung : Neu-Hannover
XXII. Die Formen von Amaurornis phoenicura (Forster).
In Nov. Zool. vol. xi, 1904, pp. 154-5 unterscheidet Hartert 3 Formen dieser
Art: A. ph. phoenicurus, insularis und leucomelaena. Die Feststellung des
Fliigelmasses bei grésseren Serien veranlasste mich, von der erstgenanuten noch
zwei weitere Formen abzutrennen.
1. Amaurornis phoenicura phoenicura (lorster).
Rallus phoenicurus Forster, Zool. Ind. p. 19 t. ix (1781—‘‘ Zeylan und ganz Indien’’), Patr.
restr, ; Ceylon.
Fliigellinge in mm.:
(¥) 144*, 145*, 150*, 150*, 150, 151*, 152 [M], 153.
(fd) 159*, 159*, 165*, 164, 165 [M].
13 Ex.: Durchschnitt 1541, Variation 144—165 mm.
Hine Anordnung der Masse uach dem Geschlecht kouute bei dieser und den
folzenden Formen nicht vorgenommen werden, da dasselbe uur in wenigen Fallen
auf der Etikette der untersuchten. Stiicke zuverlissig aungegeben war. Aus den
wenigen glaubwiirdigen Vermerken liisst sich indessen mit einiger Wahrschein-
lichkeit entnehmen, dass die dd betrichtlich grésser zu sein pflegen als die 2 3, so
dass mau z. B. bei der vorliegenden Form die Variationsbreite des Iliizelmasses
beim 2 als 144—153, beim d als 159—165 mm. anuehmen darf.
M (in der obigen Masstabelle) = nach Madarasz, Term seetrajed FPiizeteh
vol. xx, 1897, p. 386.
Verbreitung : Ceylon.
2. Amaurornis phoenicura javanica (Horsf.).
Gallinula javanica Horsfield, Trans, Linn, Soc. Lond. vol. xitt p. 196 (1822—Java).
Rallus sumatranus Raffles, ibid, vol. xiii p. 328 (1822—Sumatra).
? Amaurornis phoenicura cleptea Oberholser, Smiths, Misc. Voll. vol. 1x No. 7 p. 2 (1912—Nias).
Wie die vorige Form, aber im Durehschnitt etwas kleiner, und die Oberseite
meist etwas grauer, weniger olivfarben.
( 804 )
Fligelliinge in mm.:
Philippinen, Sulu, Talaut, Palawan, Borneo, Natuna, Pulu Tello, Sumatra,
Java, Kangean, Bali: 136, 137*, 138, 140, 142%, 142*, 145*, 145*, 146*, 147, 148,
149, 150, 150*, 150*, 151, 151, 152, 152%, 158*, 153, 154, 155, 155, 158*, 160*, 161,
162, 163.
29 Ex.: Durchsehnitt 149°5, Variation 136—163 mm.
Aus der Oberholserschen Diagnose seiner Form c/leptea ist nicht zu ersehen,
womit er die Niasvégel verglichen hat, wenn er sie als “very much smaller”
bezeichnet; da ferner alle Massangaben fehlen und die itbrigen angefiihrten
Merkmale gut auf A. ph. javanica passen, glaube ich cleptea zu deren Synonymen
stellen zu diirfen, bis uns eine weniger diirftige Diagnose eines besseren belehrt.
Verbreitung : Natuna, Borneo, Palawan, Sula, Philippinen, Sangir, Talaut,
Sumatra, Inselkette an der Westkiiste Sumatras, Bangka, Java, Kangean, Bali.
3. Amaurornis phoenicura leucomelana (S. Miill.).
Gallinula leucomelana 8. Miiller, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. p. 158 (1842—Timor).
Erythra major Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. vol. xliii p. 600 (1856—Timor) : nomen nudum !
Gallina phaeops Briiggemann, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen vol, v p. 537 (1877 —“ Indischer
Archipel ”).
Adulte Exemplare unterscheiden sich sofort durch die Fiirbung des Kopfes von
der vorigen Form : Stirn, Ziigel und Kopfseiten sind grauschwarz statt weiss.
Verbreitung : Sumba, Wetter, Alor, Timor, Roma, Dammar. Auf diesen Inseln
scheinen nur typische Stiicke vorzukommen.—Im Leidener Museum befinden sich
ferner 4 Ex. von Buru, von welchen 2 typische dewcomelana zu sein scheinen,
wiihrend die beiden anderen offenbar als Ubergangsstufen zu javanica anzusehen
sind (vergl.: Salvadori, Orn. Pap. vol. iii p. 2783; Finsch, Not. Leyd. Mus.
vol, xxvi p. 148).
Amaurornis phoenicura leucomelana 2 javanica.
Auf Gelebes (und zwar anscheinend sowohl auf der nérdlichen wie der siid-
lichen Halbinsel) werden Exemplare vom “ reinbliitigen” javanica-Typ neben
solchen mit den Charakteren von Jlewcomelana angetroffen ; hiinfiger dagegen
scheinen Ubergangsexemplare zu sein, bei denen sich der Jewcomelana-Anteil
entweder nur in der schwarzen Stirn iiussert, oder bei denen auch die Ziigelgegend
und die Kopfseiten eine gréssere oder geringere Zahl schwarzer Federn neben den
weissen aufweisen. Derartige Ubergangsexemplare befinden sich im Tring-
Museum ferner von: Buton, Kalidupa, Saleyer, Tomia, Binungko, Djampea,
Flores, Sumbawa.
Vergl. hierzu die Ausfiihrungen Briiggemanns in Ads, nat. Ver. Bremen
vol, v p. 537,
4, Amaurornis phoenicura chinensis (Bodd.).
Fulica chinensis Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Ent. p.54 (1783 —ex Buffon “ Poule sultane de la Chine”). Ich
nehme Hongkong als typische Localitiit an.
Gallinula erythrura Bechstein, Kurze Ubersicht Vig. p. 471 (1811—* China und Vorgebirge der
Guten Hoffnung ”).
Abnlich A. ph. phoenicura und javanica, aber im Durchschnitt wesentlich
grosser, der Riicken in der Regel ausgesprochener olivfarben, weniger grau, der
Biirzel meist etwas heller, und die dunkle Isabellfiirbung der Analgegend und
des Unterleibes pflegt sich weiter oralwiirts auszudehnen.
( 305 )
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Siid]l. Vorderindien: 160, 160, 171, 173.
Nordl. Vorderindien : 154, 159*, 163*, 166*, 169*, 171*,.172, 174, 176.
Bengalen, Burma, Assam, Nepal: 144*, 147*, 148*, 150*, 150*, 151*, 151*,
folenelos lds lola l60™ 62", L63" 163s lbomgelom, L67*) 168%, 171s
171*, 173*.
Shan-Staaten ; 158*.
Tenasserim : 149*, 157*, 161*.
Malakka: 9 150*, 153, 153-5*, 157*; ¢ 163", 167, 170*, 171, 175*, 175.*
Salanga: 155*, 160*, 165*, 167*.
Siam : 150*, 160*.
Formosa: 147, 157, 160, 164, 170*, 171*, 172.
China: Tsinling-Gebirge : 174 ; Futschou: 168*, 172*, 173 ; Hankanu: 165*,
173*, 187* ; Amoy: 153.
84 Ex. : Durchschnitt 163:1, Variation 144—187 mm.
Verbreitung: Ganz Vorder- und
Hinterindien, Malakka, Siam, Annam,
Hainan, China, Formosa.
5. Amaurornis phoenicura insularis Sharpe.
Amaurorms phoenicura, subsp. a A. insularis Sharpe, Cat. B. vol, xxiii p. 162 (1894—Andamanen
und Nicobaren).
Kopffiirbuug wie bei der typtschen Form, aber Brust und Unterkérper sind
bis auf einen ziemlich schmalen weissen Medianstreif grauschwarz, wiihrend die
schwarzgraue Fiirbang bei den itbrigen Formen im wesentlichen auf die Flanken
beschriinkt zu sein pflegt und vom angelegten Fliigel der Hauptsache nach ver-
deckt wird.
Verbreitung ; Andamanen und Nicobaren.,
XXIII. Die Formen von Baza suberistata (Gould).
Ubersicht (Alterskleid),
A. Kehle und Kropf blass aschgrau, Querbinden des Unterkérpers im ex-
tremsten Falle dunkel braungrau, meist aber rotlich braun und in der Regel
ziemlich schmal; Grundton der Federn des Unterkérpers weisslich oder isabell-
farben.
a. Fliigelliinge: d 325—328, ? 332—347 mm,
b. Fliigelliinge + ¢ 295—306, 2 310—327 mm. B. s. timorlaoénsis,
c. Fliigelliinge: 3 286—295, ? 300—314 mm. B. s. pallida.
B. Kehle und Kropf dunkler aschgrau, Querbinden der Unterseite in extremen
Fillen schwarz, meist aber grauschwarz oder braunschwarz und in der Regel
breiter als bei den Formen der Gruppe A,
a, Unterfliigeldecken heller oder dunkler rostfarben.
1, Fliigelliinge : ¢ 279—298, ?% 302—312 mm.
2. Fliigellinge: ¢ 300—306, ? 322—334 mm.
b. Unterfliigeldecken weiss oder blass isabellfarben.
1. Fliigelliinge : ¢ 289—300, % 310—321 mm.
2. Fliigelliinge : ¢ 309—312, % 317—330 mm. 7 Bs, bismarchi,
20
B. s. subcristata.
B. s. reinwardtii.
. Bs. megala.
. Bes. gurneyi.
( 306 )
©. Kehle und Kropf aschgrau, auch bei ausgefiirbten Exemplaren stark rost-
farben verwaschen ; Querbinden des Unterkérpers fuchsrot auf hell réstlichem
Gronde - . é ; : : : : : ; 2+ Besnifas
1. Baza subcristata subcristata (Gould).
Lepidogenys subcristatus Gould, Synops. Birds Austr. vol. iti t. 46 (1838—N. 8. Wales).
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
6 325, 326, 328; 2 332*, 334, 335*, 335*, 336", 340*, 343*, 347".
Verbreitung : Australien.
2. Baza subcristata timorlaoénsis A. B. M.
Baza timorlaoénsis A. B. Meyer, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden 1892-3 No. 3 p. 5 (1894—Timorlaut).
Fligellinge in mm. :
[Timorlaut (Mus. Dresden): ¢ 285 (juv.), 297 (juv.)]
Damar: ¢ 304.
Babbar : ? 315.
Timor: 6 296*, 297.
Sumba: ¢ 300*. ? 310, 324*, 327.
Flores: of 295*, 301, 305, 306.
Lombok : 2 310.
Djampea : 2 324.
Kalidupa : 2 312.
Verbreitung : Inselkette yon Timorlant bis Lombok ; Djampea, Bonerate (?),
Kalidupa.
Es sind bisher yon der typischen Localitiit nur zwei unausgefirbte Stiicke
bekannt geworden. Da sich indessen zwischen ausgefiirbten Exemplaren aus Babbar
und Damar einerseits und solechen von Flores und Lombok andrerseits keine sub-
spezifischen Differenzen herausstellen, so liegt bei den nahen zoogeographischen
Beziehungen Babbars zu Timorlaut der Schluss nahe, dass die letztere Insel keine
ihr eigentiimliche Form beherbergt.
3. Baza subcristata pallida subsp. n.
In der Fiairbung wie die vorigen Formen, aber kleiner.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Kei-Inseln: ¢ 286, 294, 295.
Goram : 2 300, 303, 304, 314.
Typus: & Tual (Kei-Inseln), 10. iv. 1900, H. Kiihn coll., im Tring-Museum.
Verbreitung : Kei- und Siidost-Inseln.
4, Baza subcristata reinwardtii (Miill. & Schleg.).
Falco (Lophotes) Reinwardtii Miller & Schlegel, Verh. Ned. Overz. Bezitt. Zool. Aves p. 38 £.2
(1843—Celebes ! Borneo !) Patr. subst. : Ambon.
Fliigelliinge in mm, :
Ceram : od 279, 288, 289, 292, 292, 294, 296*, 298".
% 304, 310.
Ambon: ¢ 2838, 290*, 292, 292, 295, 297,
2 305*, 308, 312,
( 307 )
Buru: 6 292.
2 302*.
Verbreitung : Ceram, Ambon, Buru.
5. Baza subcristata megala subsp. n.
In der Farbung ganz mit B. s. reinwardtii itbereinstimmend, aber grisser.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Fergusson-Insel : 5 300, 306*.
9 322, 334.
Typus: % Fergusson-Insel, 16. vi. 1897, A. S. Meek coll. No. 627, im Tring-
Museum. ;
Verbreitung: Fergusson-Insel und wahrscheinlich auch die iibrigen Inseln
des D’Entrecasteaux-Archipels.
Baza subcristata megala > reinwardtii.
Exemplare von Siidost-Neuguinea sind im Darchschnitt grésser als solche
aus dem Niederlindischen Teil der Insel und den Siidmolukken, scheinen in-
dessen die Dimensionen der Fergusson-Stiicke nicht zu erreichen.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Brit. Neuguinea:.¢ 298, 300, 303, 310*.
? 313, 315, 318, 321.
Baza subcristata megala < reinwardtii.
Die von mir untersuchten Végel ans Niederlindisch Neuguinea, Misol und
Salawatti sind im Durchschnitt um ein geringes grisser als solche yon den
Siidmolukken, aber kleiner als Exemplare aus dem Britischen Gebiet.
Fliigelliinge in mm.:
Niederl. Neuguinea: ¢ 291, 298, 294, 296, 299, 300.
2 303, 306*, 307, 308, 313.
Misol : 3 297.
Salawatti : 3 289.
2 306.
Zwei ? ? des Tring-Museums von Waigeu scheinen sich in der Ténung der
Unterseite und in der Grésse der Form B.s. rufa zu niihern: Fliigel 312 und
319mm. Das Bestehen von Ubergangsstufen zwischen reinwardtit und rufa aut
den zwischen Halmahera und Neuguinea gelegenen Inseln und im westlichsten
Teil Neuguineas selbst nahm bereits A. B. Meyer in Abd. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden,
1892-3, No. 3 p. 4 an.
Van Oort stellt in Nova Guinea vol. ix Zool. pp. 56, 57, zwei vom Sammler
als % bezeichnete Exemplare vom Noord-River mit der Fliigelliinge 293 und
284 mm. (also offenbar dd!) zu
[Baza reinwardtii stenozona G. KR. Gray]
Baza stenozona G. R. Gray, P. ZS. 1858 pp. 169, 189 (Aru)
Baza reinwardti stenostona (laps. cal.), Berlepsch, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. vol. xxxi 1911 p, 81
mit der Begriindung: “The principal differences between this subspecies and
the trae B, reinwardtii are the smaller dimensions and the somewhat narrrower
( 308 )
bands across the breast.” Ich selbst habe von den Aru-Inseln nur drei Exemplare
gesehen, alles junge Vigel, darunter den im Brit. Museum befindlichen Typus von
stenozona, und kann daher iiber die Berechtigung dieser Form und ihre Beziehung
zu Stiicken von Niederl. Neu-Guinea kein Urteil abgeben; es ist mir indessen
wahrscheinlich, dass letztere der gleichen Form angehéren wie Aruvégel—aber
nicht durch die Merkmale charakterisiert sind, welche van Oort hervorhebt: denn
schmale Binderung und geringe Grésse bei Neuguinea-Stiicken deuten zweifellos
auf junge Vogel hin. Ausgefiirbte Exemplare aus der Gegend des Schneegebirges
sind mit sehr breiten und sehr dunklen Qnerbinden auf der Unterseite versehen.
Graf Berlepsch gibt als Fliigelmass zweier Aruyégel an: “ ¢ 282°5, ad. 304.”
Das erstgenannte Stiick triigt vermutlich noch das infantile Grossgefieder (derartige
Exemplare sind bei meinen Messungen i, a. nicht beriicksichtigt), wiihrend das
zweite ein & sein diirfte.
Man wird vorlanfig am besten tun, die zweifelhafte Form Baza stenozona
fallen zu lassen und die Aruvégel mit der gleichen Formel zu bezeichnen, wie sie
sich fiir Serien aus Holliindisch Neuguinea ergibt.
6. Baza subcristata gurneyi Rams.
Baza gurney Ramsay, Jow'n. Linn. Soc. Zool, vol. xvi p. 130 (1881—Salomons-Inseln).
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
3 289, 290, 294, 295, 295, 296, 299, 299, 300.
2 310, 313, 319, 321.
Verbreitung : Salomons-Inseln.
7. Baza subcristata bismarcki Sharpe.
Baza bismarki Sharpe, in Gould’s Birds New Guinea vol. i t. 4 (1888—Bismarck-Archipel).
Fliigellange in mm.:
3 309, 310*, 312*.
? 317 (Mans, Dresden), 330.
Verbreitung : Bismarck-Archipel.
8. Baza subcristata rufa Schl.
Baza rufa Schlegel, Vog. Ned. Ind. Valkvog. pp. 41, 78; t. 27 f. 4, t. 28. ff. 1-3:(1866—Halmahera,
Morotai, Batjan, Ternate, Tidore),
Ausser durch die in der Ubersicht angegebenen Farbungscharaktere an-
scheinend auch durch etwas bedeutendere Grésse von B&B. s. reinwardtii unter-
schieden.
Verbreitung : Nord-Molukken, Obi.
Anm,: In vielen Fiillen stimmt die Angabe des Geschlechtes auf der Etikette
nicht mit meiner Wiedergabe in den obigen Masstabellen iiberein ; ich habe
ausnahmslos die kleineren Individuen als ¢, die grésseren als ? aufgefiihrt und
bin tiberzengt, dass zuverliissige Geschlechtsbestimmungen den angenommenen
sexualen Gréssenunterschied bestiitigen werden,
( 309 )
XXIV. Die Formen von Cinnyris clementiae Less,
Ubersicht (¢).
A. Schnabel (vom Beginn der Stirnbefiederung an in gerader Linie gemessen)
iiber 18 mm. lang:
a. Brustfedern ohne dunkel rostfarbene Spitzen . C.
b. Brustfedern mit dunkel rostfarbenen Spitzen . C. clementiae keiensis.
B Schnabel unter 18 mm, lang :
a, Oberseite hell oliv : : : : . C.clementiae buruensis.
b. Oberseite diister braun . ; ; : . C. clementiae teysmanni.
clementiae clementiae.
1. Cinnyris clementiae clementiae Less.
Cinnyris clementiae Lesson, Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. 50 p. 18 (1827—Soya auf Ambon).
Cinnyris zenobia Lesson, Voy. Cog. Zool. vol. ip. 679 ; t. 30 £. 3 (1830—Ambon).
Cyrtostomus melanogastra Gray, Handl. B. vol. i. p. 112 (1869—Ceram), Nomen nudum !
Da die Beschreibung von C. venobia nicht 1826, sondern erst 1830, die Tafel
wahbrscheinlich noch spiiter erschienen ist (vergl. Sherborn & Woodward, Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii, 1901, p. 391), so hat der Name C. clementiae die Prioritiit .
Zwar citiert Lesson on bereits im Jahre 1827: tab. 30, fig. 2 (Zool. de la
Coquille), doch diirfte dieses Citat die Annahme bekriiftigen, dass die Tafel damals
noch nicht publiciert war, sondern nur im Original und noch ohne Namens-
bezeichnung vorlag. Bei ihrer Drucklegung wurde die Manuskriptnummeriernng der
vier auf t. 30 abgebildeten Vogel offenbar geiindert, da “Cinnyris zenobia” der
veroffentlichten Tafel die Nummer 3 trict. Hine fast wortliche Wiedergabe der
Originalbeschreibung findet sich in Lessons Man. d’ Orn. ti (1828) p. 40.
Bei dieser Form treten im miinnlichen Geschlecht niemals griinlichblau-metal-
lische Spitzen an den Federn von Stirn und Vorderkopf anf; rostbraune Enden der
Brustfedern, als untere Begrenzung des blaumetallischen Halsschildes, fehlen meist
vollig ; nur elton ist eine geringe Spur dieser Farbung wahrzunehmen.
Fliigelliinge in mm.
Ambon : ¢ 50°5, 51, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53°5.
2 48, 49.
Ceram: ¢ 49°5, 50, 50, 50, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51°5.
2 46.
Schnabelliinge in mm. (¢¢ ad.):
Ambon ; 19, 19, 19°5, 19°5, 20.
Ceram : 18, 18, 18°8, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20.
Verbreitung : Ceram, Ambon, Saparua, Nusa Laut.
2, Cinnyris clementiae keiensis subsp. n.
Subspezifische Merkmale: d ad.: Brustfedern in frischem Gefieder mit breiten,
dunkel rostfarbenen Spitzen ; Federn von Stirn und Vorderkopf mit meist breiten
griiulichblau reflektierenden Spitzen; 2 ad.: Unterseite etwas fahler gelb als bei
der typischen Form. Fliigelliinge im Durchschnitt etwas betriichtlicher als bei
Ceram- und Ambon-Exemplaren.
Fligellinge in mm.:
Kei-Inseln ; 6 51, 51°5, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53.
% 49, 50, 50.
( 310 )
Schnabelliinge in mm. ( dd ad.):
Kei-Inseln ; 18, 18°5, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19°38, 20, 20.
Typus: 3, Add (auf Gross-Kei = Nuhu Jud), 9. vii. 1900, H. Kiihn coll.
No. 2792, im Tring-Museum.
Verbreitung: Kei-Inseln.
Cinnyris clementiae clementiae = keiensis.
Vogel yon Ceramlaut, Goram und den Watubela-Inseln sind intermediiir ; sie
zeigen meist deutliche Spuren des rostfarbenen Brustbandes und kleine metallische
Spitzen an den Stirnfedern. Die Fliigelliinge ist bedeutender als bei der typischen
Form, scheint durchschnittlich sogar die der Keivégel zu iibertreffen.
Fliigelliinge in mm, :
Ceramlaut: ¢ 52, 52°5, 53, 53, 53, 54.
2 50, 50.
Goram : 6 D2, D2; Oo; Do:
Teor : 353, 53, 53.5, 53°5, 54, 545, 55D.
2 50.
Schnabelliinge in mm. (dd ad.):
18:5, 18'S, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19°3, 19°8, 20.
3. Cinnyris clementiae buruensis Hart.
Cinnyris zenobia buruensis Hartert, Bull. B. O. Club vol. xxvii p. 12 (1910—Burn).
Ganz wie die typische Form, aber mit wesentlich kiirzerem Schnabel. Rost-
farbene Federspitzen in der Brustregion fehlen stets, blaumetallische Enden der
Stirnfedern zeigt nur eines der untersuchten dd.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
3 49, 50, 50, 50°5, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51:5, 51-5, 52.
9 47, 47-5, 48, 48, 49.
Schnabelliinge in mm. (dd ad.):
158, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16-5, 17, 17.
Verbreitung : Buru.
4. Cinnyris clementiae teysmanni Diittik.
Cinnyris teysmanni Biittikofer, Not. Leyd. Mus. vol. xv p. 179 (1893—“ Makassar”). Patr. subst.:
Djampea od. Kalao, cf, Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896 p. 168.
Cinnyris teysmanni scheint mir durchaus dem Formenkreis von C. clementiae
anzugehéren. Sie hat mit der Buraform den kurzen Schnabel, mit der Kei-form
das duukel rostfarbene Brustband gemeinsam. Jiingere Stiicke zeigen eine aus-
gesprochen olivfarbene Ténung der Oberseite, die beim ausgefiirbten Vogel einem
diisteren Braun weicht.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Kalao : ¢ 53, 53°2, 54; % 49, 50.
Djampea: 3 53, 54.
Schnabellinge in mm. (¢ d ad.) :
17, 17, 17:2, 17-2; 18.
Verbreitung : Djampea und Kalao.
@ Sie)
XXV. Die Formen von Macropygia ruficeps (Temm.).
Macropygia ruficeps ruficeps (Temm.)
Columba ruficeps Temminck, Pl. Col. t. 561 (1834—Java, Sumatra ; patr. restr. : Java).
Finsch hat in Not, Leyd. Mus. vol. 26 p. 137 dargetan, dass die bisher mit der
typischen MV. ruficeps vereinigten Vogel von Sumatra und Borneo sich durch die bei
alten Stiicken regelmiissig dunkle Kropfileckung unterscheiden, wiihrend diese
Zeichnung bei alten Javanern fehlt.
Die Kropf- oder Brustfeder eines véllig ausgefiirbten Stiickes von ML 7. ruficeps,
mit griin- resp. weinrot-metallischen Spitzen der Nackenfedern, besitzt folgende
Fiirbung (fig. B):
Ein ziemlich breiter Endsaum reinweiss ; es folgt nach der Basis zu eine etwas
breitere, fahl rétlich braune Zone, die ganz allmiihlich in eine lichtgraue iibergeht.
Etwa die gleiche Fiirbung findet sich an den entsprechenden Federn alter Stiicke
von M. 7. orientalis und assimilis.
Die Végel von Borneo, Malacca und Sumatra sind im Gegensatz zu Finsch’s
Vermutung mit der letztgenannten Form nicht ident und miissen einen eigenen
Namen erhalten, als welchen ich
Macropygia ruficeps nana subsp. nov.
vorschlage,
Typus: 3, Kina Balu in Nord-Borneo, 22. iii. 1888, J. Whitehead coll., im
Tring-Musenm.
Charakteristisch fiir diese Form ist neben der geringen Durchschnittsgrésse die
folgende Firbung der Kropf- und Brustfedern beim adulten Vogel (fig. A): Endsaum
reinweiss, basalwiirts begrenzt durch eine hellrostfarbene Zone von der Gestalt eines
Dreiecks, dessen Basis auf dem weissen Endsaum aufraht und dessen beide andere
Seiten flankiert sind von einer breiten schwarzen Zone, die den Federgrund einnimmt
und sich dann gabelt, nach vorn und aussen an Schwiirze zunehmend.—Junge
Exemplare von MV. r. nana kennzeichnen sich vor solchen der drei iibrigen Formen
durch schwarzen, nicht dunkelgrauen oder schwarzgrauen Grund der Kropf- und
Brustfedern; letzteren mangelt in diesem Kleide bei allen Formen ein weisser
Endsaum.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
M. r. ruficeps: Java: 140", 140*, 142", 143, 149".
Bali: 146, 146.
Lombok: 150.
8 Ex.: Durchschnitt 1445, Variation 140—150 mm.
( 312 )
M. r. nana: Borneo: 127, 131, 131, 131, 131*, 132, 133*, 135%, 135*, 136, 137,
137*, 137%, 138, 138*, 138*, 139*, 140, 148%,
Sumatra: 135, 185, 138, 140", 141*, 142*, 144, 144, 148.
Malacca: 135*, 135%, 135%, 137, 138*, 138", 139*, 140, 141, 142,
142, 143.
40 Ex.: Durchsehnitt 137-7, Variation 127—148 mm.
Macropygia ruficeps orientalis Hart.
Macropygia ruficeps orientalis Hartert, Nov, Zool. vol. iii p. 573 (1896—Sumbawa).
Im Fiirbuogscharakter iihnlich der typischen Form, aber Unterschwanz- und
Unterfliigeldecken in der Regel etwas dunkler; das wesentlichste subspezifische
Merkmal besteht in der bedeutenderen Grosse.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Sumbawa: 152, 159.
Flores; 146*, 147, 154, 157*, 158, 160, 161, 162, 162*.
Pantar: 167.
12 Ex.: Durchschnitt 157-0, Variation 146—167 mm.
Verbreitung: Pantar, Flores, Sumbawa, vielleicht auch Lombok.
Macropygia ruficeps assimilis Hume,
Macropygia assimilis Hume, Str. Feath, vol. ii p. 441 (1874—Tenasserim).
In der Fiirbung sehr iihnlich der annihernd gleichgrossen M. 7. ruficeps, aber
unterseits gewbhnlich etwas blasser, insbesondere das Kinn stets weisslicher.
Blasser und durchschnittlich kleiner als W. r. orientalis.
Fliigelliinge in mm.
Burma: 139, 140*, 143*, 144*, 146*, 147*, 148*, 149, 149%, 149*, 152, 153.
12 Ex.: Durchschnitt 146°6, Variation 139—153 mm.
Verbreitung : Burma und Tenasserim.
XXVI. Die Formen von Alcedo ispida im Ostlichen und
sudlichen Asien und dem indo-australischen Archipel.
Die Untersuchung zweier Exemplare aus Bali, die bisher der Form Alcedo
ispida bengalensis cugeteilt worden waren, veranlasste mich, Stiicke aus allen Teilen
des Verbreitungsgebietes dieser Subspecies, so wie es von Hartert in Vég. pal.
Fauna vol. ii p. 883 umgrenzt worden ist, zu vergleichen und fiihrte schliesslich zu
einer Revision der ganzen Gruppe éstlicher und siidlicher Vertreter an der Hand
des enormen Materials, das sich im Tring-Museum und im British Museum
angehiiuft hat.
Hs zeigte sich hierbei, dass wir es vom “ éstlichen Sibirien bis nach ante und
den grossen Sunda-Inseln”’ nicht mit einem einheitlichen Complex zu tun.haben,
dass vielmehr die Form in Malakka, Borneo, Sumatra, den Andamanen und
Nicobaren, Tenasserim, Burma, Siam, Hainan, Mittel- and Siidchina, Assam und
Bengalen am kleinsten ist, von diesem Gebiet aus nach Norden, Osten und Westen
ee
( 313 )
zu dagegen grisser wird, so zwar, dass die Gréssenzunahme der Form lings der
pacifischen Kiiste Asiens mit Hinschluss der vorgelagerten Inseln eine offenbar
sehr allmihliche, nach N.W. zu dagegen eine sehr rasche ist ; die Vogel erreichen
hier bereits im Indus-gebiet und dem westlichen Himalaya die fiir Alcedo ispida
pallasii Rehb. charakteristische Fliigellinge und miissen mit diesem Namen
bezeichnet werden. Es wurde dies bereits von Hume in Stray Feathers vol. i
p- 168 hervorgehoben, als er auf die Alcedo éspida-Form von Sindh zu sprechen
kam: “In size this bird is so conspicuously larger than the common bengalensis,
that the difference cannot fail to strike the most casual observer, and this coupled
with the much shorter bill compels me to identify it with ispida rather than
bengalensis.”
In Vorderindien scheint Alcedo ispida eine zwischen pallasii und bengalensis
intermediiire Durehsehnittsgrisse zu erreichen; gleichzeitig findet man an der
Kiiste des siidlichsten Gebietes zuweilen oberseits sehr lebhaft und dunkel bliulich
gefiirbte Stiicke, die zu der kleinen Ceylonform A. i. taprobana iiberleiten,
Ob die nordostasiatischen Stiicke, einschliesslich der von Formosa, den
Lutschu-Inseln und Japan, als A. 7. pallasii hezeichnet werden diirfen, wie sich aus
ihrer betriichtlichen Fliigelliinge entnehmen liesse, muss die Vergleichung ihrer
Fiirbung und Schnabelform mit topotypischen (westsibirischen) Exemplaren von
pallasii ergeben.
Den folgenden Angaben der Fliigelliinge liegt das Balgmaterial des Tring-
Museums (Zahlen ohne Stern) und des British Museum (Zahlen mit Stern) zu
Grunde.
- Alcedo ispida bengalensis Gm.
Bengalen : 68°5*, 69*, 69:5*, 70*.
Assam: 69*, 69*, 69*, 70-5%, 71*, 71*, 71*, 72*, 72%,
Burma und 8. Shan-Staaten : 67, 67*, 67*, 67*, 67*, 67*, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68*,
68*, 68:5, 685%, 685*, 69*, 69*, 69%, 69*, 69*, 69*, 69%, 69*, 69:5*, 69-5*, 69-5, 70,
70, 70*, 70*, 70*, 70%, 70*, 70*, 70*, 70°5*, 70°5*, 71*, T1*, 715%, 72%, 72%, 72*,
Durchschnitt von 43 Ex. : 69:2 mm.
Yunnan: 67, 71.
Tenasserim : 67, 67*, 67:5*, 67-5*, 68-5, 69*, 69*, 69¥, 70, 70*, 70*, 71%, 71*,
715", 71-5*.
Salanga: 66:5*, 70:5", 71:5*.
Malakka und Singapore: 67*, 67*, 68", 68*, 69%; 69", 69*, 70, 70*,-70*) rime
70", 70%, 70*, 70*, 70°5*, 71, 71", 72*,.73*. Durchschnitt von 20 Ex.: 69°7 mm.
Andamanen : 67, 68*, 68*, 70*, LOM Pla em uremtioN Cae
Nikobaren : 68*, 68°5*, 69, 70*, 71.
Borneo und Labuan : 68, 69*, 69*, 70*, 71*,
Sirhassen: 68.
Siam: 70*, 70-5*, 71*.
Tonkin: 68, 71.
- Hainan: 67, 68, 68, 68:5, 68:5, 69, 69", 70, 70-5, 71, 71, 71-5, 72, 72-5:
Durchschnitt you 14 Bx. : 69°7 mm.
Amoy: 68*, 68*, 69%, 70%, 70%, 71*, 71", 71-5", 72", 74*.
Futschou : 67%, 69%, 69%, 70*, 70, 70",
Schanghai : 68°5, 70*, 70, 72%.
' Tai-pai-shan (T'sin-ling-Geb.): 71", 71*, 72%, 72".
( 314 )
Gréssere nordéstliche Form.
Philippinen : 69, 69, 69, 70, 70, 70%, 70%, 70%, 70, 705, 70°5, 71, 71, 71%, 71*,
71:5*, 71-5*, 71:5, 72*, 72*, 72*, 72*, 72*, 78", 75*. Durchschnité von 25 Bx.:
71:0 mm.
Formosa: 69*, 70, 70, 70*, 70*, 70°5*, 71, 71*, 71:5, 72, 72, 72, 72,
72°5, 72:5, 72°5, 72:5, 72°5, 73, 73, 78, 73, 73*, 73:5, 74, 74*, 74°5*, 745%,
Durchschnitt von 32 Ex.: 72°4 mm.
Okinawa-schima : 69, 69:°5*, 70, 70°5, 70°5, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71:5, 72, 72°5,
73, 78, 73". Durchschnitt von 17 Ex.: 71:2 mm.
Amami-o-schima: 71, an 71, 72, 72, 73, i 73°5, 73°5, 74, 74.
Tanega-schima : 70°5, 72, 72°5, 74, 74:5, 75
Kin-Schinu : ae 73°5.
Amur-bai : 69*, 70*, 70°5*, 71*, 71, 73*, 73*, 74:5*.
toe er
“ MAF
76, 76°5.
Alcedo ispida pallasii Rchb.
Gebiet des Indus und seiner Zufliisse vom Pundjab bis Sindh: 69*, 71*, 72*,
72*, 72", 73*, 73", 73%, 73%, 74*, 74%, 74%, 74*.
Kaschmir : 70*, 71*, 798 72%, 73", 74*,
Yarkand : 73:5, 74.
Ala Kul (Turkestan) : 73°5.
Kandahar (Afghanistan) : oe 74*, 75:5", 76*.
Durchschnitt yon 26 Ex.: 72°8, Variation 69—76 mm.
Alcedo ispida bengalensis S$ pallasii.
Bhutan und Sikkim: 68, 68*, 68*, 68:5, 70, 70*, 71*, 72*, 72°5, 75:5.
Nepal: 68:5*, 69*, 72*, 75:5*.
Jentraler Himalaya: 71*, 72*, 73°5*.
Nord-West-Provinzen : 69*, 69°5*, 71*, 72*, 72°5*.
Alcedo ispida bengalensis S$ taprobana S pallasii
Madras : 68°5*, eno ome
Mysore: 69*, 71*, 7 Chora
Travancore : 68*, be rita elies
Gegend von Bombay : 68*, 69*, 72*, 72*.
Belgaum : 68*, 70*, 71*, 72*, 72*, 73*.
Alcedo ispida taprobana Kleinschm.
Alcedo ispida, var. taprobana Kleinschmidt, Orn. Mber. vol. ii p. 126 (1894—Ceylon).
Die ceylonesische ist die kleinste aller bisher bekannten Formen; sie ist in
der Regel auf Riicken und Biirzel von viel lebhafterem Blau, als es bei A. 7%
bengalensis die Norm ist, und iihnelt dann im Farbton sebr der A. 7. /loresiana, die
indessen in allen Teilen grisser ist, und bei der die Deckfedern der Scapularen
meist weniger griinlich sind. Hs kommen vereinzelte Stiicke auf Ceylon vor, die in
der Fiirbung mit A. 7. wie ganz iibereinstimmen, wie solche gleichfalls aus
dem Wohngebiet von A, 7. hispidoides bekannt geworden sind; doch miissen
(315 )
dieselben offenbar als Variationen—Riickschlage zum Festlandstypus—nicht als
Vertreter einer anderen Form aufgefasst werden.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Ceylon : 65:5, 66, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67*, 67*, 67:5, 67-5, 67:5, 68, 68, 68, 68*, 685,
69, 69, 69, 69*, 69:5, 69°D*, 70, 71°.
Durchschnitt von 24 Ex. : 68°0 mm.
Verbreitung : Ceylon.
Alcedo ispida floresiana Sharpe.
Alcedo ispida, subsp. a A. floresiana Sharpe, Cat. B. vol. xvii p. 151 (1892—Flores).
Oberseits sehr lebhaft blau, dunkler und viel weniger griinlich als normale
Exemplare von A. ¢. dengalensis ; hierin und in der bedeutenderen Durchschnitts—
grésse vollkommen mit A. ¢. Aéspidoides iibereinstimmend, die sich wiederum durch
die fiir gewohnlich bliiulichen oder schwirzlichen, nicht rotbrannen Wangen und
Ohrdecken unterscheidet.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Bali: 71, 72.
Sumbawa: 69-5.
Mores S67 O9NGoa. (0 Gls) 10°.
Alor: 69, 69, 70, 70*, 71*, 72, 72*.
Wetter: 72°5, 73, 73, 73:5.
Timor: 67, 70°5, 71, 71.
Sumba: 71*, 71:5, 73, 73, 73°5.
Romah: 71, 72, 72°5, 73, 74, 76.
36 Ex.: Durchschnitt 71:4, Variation 67—76 mm.
Verbreitung : Bisher nur von den oben aufgefiihrten Inseln nachgewiesen.
Alcedo ispida hispidoides Less.
Alcedo hispidoides Lesson, Compl. de Buff. vol. ix p. 345 (1837—Buru).
In der Firbung mit A. 7. foresiana ubereinstimmend, nur sind die Wangen
und Ohrdecken, anstatt rétlichbraun, in der Regel schwiirzlich oder dunkelbliulich
gefiirbt.
M. in der folgenden Masstabelle = nach Meyer & Wiglesworth, The Birds of
Celebes, vol. i p. 265.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Djampea: 70-5.
Kalidupa: 71:5, 72, 72, 73, 73°5.
Saleyer: 71, 72.
Baton: 70:5, 74, 75.
Siid-Celebes: 70, 72, 74, 74.
Nord-Celebes : 71*, 72, 72°5, 73, 74*, 74°5, 75.
Siao: 73:5.
Peling : 73,
Barn: 71°5*, 72, 74.
Ambon : 68°5, 69, 69, 69:5, 69°5, 70, 70*.
Ceram : 68:5, 70, 74 [M].
Goram : 70, 71, 71, 71.
Watubela: 75 [M].
( 316 )
_ Teoor :_ 75.
Obi : 71, 74, 75.
Batjan: 70, 71, 72, 74.
Neu-Pommern ; 69*, 71*,71*, 74 [M].
Neu-Lauenburg : 72*, 72*, 73.
57 Ex.: Durchschnitt 71:9, Variation 68°5—75 mm.
Verbreitung: Ausser von den oben aufgefiihrten Inseln noch nach gewiesen
yon Sangir, Sula-Inseln, Amblan, Banda, Halmahera, Misol und Salawatti.
Alcedo ispida pelagica subsp. nu.
Exemplare vom éstlichsten Neu-Guinea (Collingwood- und Milne-Bai) sowie
yom D’Entrecasteaux- und Louisiade-Archipel sind durchschnittlich betriichtlich
kleiner als typische A. 7. hispidoides, was mich zu ihrer subspecifischen Abtrennung
veranlasst. In der Fiirbung stimmen sie mit Aéspidoédes vollig iiberein.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Ostlichstes Neu-Guinea: 66, 69, 69, 69, 71-5.
Woodlark-Insel : 67, 67:5, 69.
Fergusson-Insel ; 66, 68.
St. Aignan : 69, 69°5, 69°5, 70, 70°5, 71.
Siidost-Insel ; 68, 69, 72.
Rossel-Insel : 69, 69.
21 Ex.: Durchschnitt 68°9, Variation 66—72 mm.
Typus: & St. Aignan, 3. ix. 1897, A. 8S. Meek coll., im Tring-Museum.
Alcedo ispida salomonensis Rothsch. & Hart.
Alcedo ixpida~ salomonensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. xii p. 255 (1905—Rendova,
Salomons-Inseln).
Alle ausgesprochen blauen Farbténe der Oberseite sind bei dieser Form noch
dankler und stiirker ins Violette spielend als bei A. 7. hispidoides ; gleichzeitig ist.
die Durehschnittsgrésse bedeutender, Die Vogel von Guadalcanar miissen zwei-
fellos zu salomonensis gezogen werden, obgleich ein Exemplar des Tring-Museums
von genannter Insel einen Ritckschlag zum /ispidoides-Typ darstellt. Derartige
Anniiherungen an den weniger specialisierten Typus finden sich aber vereinzelt bei
allen Formen, :
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Guadalcanar : 74, 75, 75, 75*, 77%.
San Christoval : 73.
Gizo; 75, 76.
Vella Lavella : 73°5, 74, 75:5, 76, 77.
Rendova: 73, 74, 74, 74'5, 74°5, 75, 76, 76°5, 77, 77,
23 Ex.: Durchschnitt 75:1, Variation 73—77 mm.
XXVII. Die Formen von Thriponax javensis (Horsf.).
In seinen 1912 (ia Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. vi) erschienenen ‘ Kritischen
Untersuchungen iiber Piciden” hat Hesse eine Anzahl Vertreter dieser Formen-
gruppe einer niiheren, grésstenteils auf das Material des: Tring-Musenms basierten
Revision unterzogen. Er fasst unter dem Artbegriff Thriponax javensis die
ae
——
—
( 3ir)
folgenden Formen zusammen: Th. j. javensis, parvus und suluensis. Hs zeigt sich
indessen, dass wir den Kreis noch weiter schlagen und mehrere Formen in ihn
hineinbeziehen miissen, die zuniichst durch den Besitz eines weissen, nicht
schwarzen Unterriickens fiir eine spezifische Abtrennung hinreichend gekenn-
zeichnet zu sein scheinen; manche Exemplare von 7h. j. javensis zeigen niimlich
eine mehr oder weniger entwickelte Andeutung eines weissen Unterriickenbandes
wie bereits Hargitt hervorgehoben hat (/dis 1895 p. 475) : “ Many examples of
T. javensis have concealed white feathers both on the Jower back and the rump. . .
they occur in some .specimens of 7. javensis and not in others from the same
locality, regardless of sex and age.” Winige Stiicke des Tring-Musenms
bestiitigen diese Feststellung vollkommen ; sie schlagen die Briicke zu den weiss-
ritckigen Formen des Continents und der Philippinen. Vergl. auch Hesse, /c.,
p. 176.
Fiir die folgenden Untersuchungen und Messungen wurde das Material des
Tring-Museums (Masszahlen ohne Stern) und des British Museum (Masszahlen mit
Stern) benutzt. M =nach McGregor, Man. Phil. Birds, vol. i pp. 406-9 ; H
nach Hesse, é.c. p. 175; B = nach Blasius, J... O. 1890 p. 140.
Ubersicht.
1. Riicken in der Regel einfarbig schwarz, ohne weisse Querbinde auf dem
Unterriicken (selten mit der Andeutung einer solchen) 2.
Riicken nicht einfarbig schwarz: Unterriicken weiss oder gelblich
weiss. Z :
. . . . . Up
2. Federn von Kinn und Keble weiss mit achmalen pene aren Schaftstrichen,
diejenigen yon Kropf und Brust schwarz mit breiten blass rahmfarbenen Siiumen
Th. j. peetoralis.
— Federn von Kinn und Kehle schwarz mit weissen Seitensiinmen oder
einfarbig schwarz, diejenigen von Kropf und Brust einfarbig schwarz oder schmiiler
blass rahmfarben gesiiumt
3. Fliigel in der Regel iiber 220 mm. : 5 : . Th. j. javensis.
— Fliigel unter 220mm. . : ; ; : ; 3 : 4,
4, Fliigel iiber 180 mm. . ; 5.
— Filiigel unter 180mm. _ . : : ‘ Th. ), parvus,
5. Oberschnabel von der Stirn an gemessen in der Repel iiber 50 aa 6.
—— Oberschnabel von der Stirn an gemessen unter 50 mm. 7, j. suluensis.
6, Die schwarzen Federn von Kropf und Brust in der Regel mit hellen rahm-
farbenen Endsiiumen; Durchschnittsgrésse bedeutender . Th. j. multilunatus.
—— Die schwarzen Federn von Kropf und Brust in der Regel einfarbig ohne
helle Endsiiume ;_ Durchschnittsgrisse geringer ‘ . Th. j. confusus.
7. Die weisse Fiirbung des Unterriickens weniger andgedetint’: caudale Hiilfte
der Biirzelfedern schwarz. : ‘ : é : : 8.
Die weisse Fiirbung des Ginteretickens pngeedehnter : : auch die candale
Hiilfte der Biirzelfedern grésstenteils weiss, zuweilen mit schwarzen Flecken . 10.
8. Basis der Handschwingen (meist) ohne oder (seltener) mit einem nur ganz
schwach angedeuteten weissen Fleck; Bartstreif des ¢ schmiiler . T/. /). hargitti.
Basis der Handschwingen, wenigstens der ersten und zweiten iiusscren,
mit wohl ausgebildetem weissem Fleck an der Basis der Innenfahne; Bartstreif des
3 breiter ; : . ‘ 9,
. . . . . . . .
( 318 )
9. Unterschnabel schwiirzlich granu; Duarchschnittsgrésse geringer
Th. j. mindorensis.
— Unterschnabel hell gelblich; Durchschnittsgrisse bedeutender
Th. j. philippinensis.
10. Die weisse Firbung im Basalteil der Innenfahne der Handschwingen
erstreckt sich auf iiber } ihrer Gesamtlinge (mit Ausnahme der beiden iiussersten
Schwingen) . : Z 5 = - : 5 LEG Seddeni.
—— Die weisse , Farbaung an der Teneugitne a Handechmineen ist auf einen
kleinen Fleck an ihrer Basis beschrankt . . - = « DLhng. hodgsone
1. Thriponax javensis javensis (Horsf.).
Picus javensis Horsfield, Trans, Linn. Soc, Lond, vol. xiii p. 175 (1822—Java).
Picus leucogaster Valencienne ex Reinwardt MS., Dict. Sc. Nat. vol. xl p. 178 (1826—Java und
Mindanao ; patr, restr. : Java).
Picus horsfieldii Wagler, Syst. Av., Picus sp. 5 (1827—Java).
Picus fulvigaster Drapiez, Dict. Class. d Hist. Nat. yol. xiii p. 503 (1828—Java).
Hesse teilt dc. 15, Parrot in seinen Bedtr. Ornith. Sumatra’s 5 Fliigelmasse
dieser Form mit. Sie bewegen sich i. a. zwischen 225 und 236 mm. ; einmal wurde
240 [H], einmal 215°5 [H], einmal 205 [P., Sumatra, ob ausgewachsen ?] ermittelt.
Der Durchschnitt liegt bei etwa 229 mm.
Verbreitung : Siid-Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga, Natuna, Borneo, Bangka,
Sumatra, Java, Bali.
2. Thriponax javensis parvus Richm.
Thriponax parvus Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash. vol. xv p. 189 (1902—-Simalur).
Mit der typischen Form in der Fiirbung vollig iibereinstimmend, aber betriicht-
lich kleiner. Fliigelliinge von 12 Exemplaren 166—179 mm. (nach Richmond).
Verbreitung: Simalur.
3. Thriponax javensis multilunatus McGreg.
Thriponax multilunatus McGregor, Philipp. Journ. Sc. vol. ii p. 285 (1907—Isabela auf Basilan).
Kleiner als die typische Form, und in der Regel—nicht immer—umit auffilligen
gelblichweissen Siiumen der Kropf und Brustfedern, die zwar zaweilen auch bei
Th. j. javensis auftreten, hier aber weniger breit zu sein pflegen.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Basilan: do 205*, 212°5, 212°5, 214*, 223.
2 208*,211-5, 218.
Mindanao : 3d 207*, 209, 209, 210*, 210*, 211, 217-5.
2 205, 212*, 217.
Durchschnitt von 18 Ex. : 211°8 mm.
Verbreitung : Basilan, Mindanao.
4. Thriponax javensis confusus subsp. n.
Luzonstiicke nehmen eine Sonderstellung ein, Sie unterscheiden sich von
Th. j. javensis, mit dem sie in der Viirbung ganz tibereinstimmen, darch die
betrichtlich geringere Grosse ; von Th. j. multilunatus durch das Fehlen heller
(319 )
Saiume an den Kropf und Brustfedern und die etwas kleineren Dimensionen ; von
Th. j. suluensis durch die bedeutendere Fliigelliinge und den meist betrichtlich
lingeren Schnabel ; zudem ist der Unterschnabel dunkelgrau wie bei der typischen
Form, nicht gelblich wie bei suduensis.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Luzon : 3 1965, 197*, 204%, 205%, 210 [M].
2 196, 200 [MJ], 201 [H], 202",
Durchschnitt von 9 Ex. : 202:4 mm,
Schnabelliinge (von der Stirn an gemessen) :
Luzon : ¢ 52*, 52°5*, 53 [M], 54*, 55-5.
2 47 [M], 53, 53%.
Bei einem Exemplar findet sich ein grosses Biischel gelbweisser Federn in der
Mitte des Unterriickens, das den anderen febhlt.
Typus: 3 Mt. Arayat, Central-Luzon, 21. xii. 1893, J. Whitehead coll., im
Tring-Museum.
Verbreitung : Luzon.
5. Thriponax javensis suluensis Blas.
Thriponasx javensis var. nov. suluénsis W. Blasius, J. f. O. vol. 38 p. 140 (1890—J. olé-Sulu).
In der Fiirbung wie Th. j. javensis und confusus, aber im Durchschnitt noch
Kleiner als letzterer, insbesondere der Schnabel kiirzer ; Unterschnabel gelblich,
nicht dunkelgran.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bongao: do 189, 199*. 2 182, 185*, 195, 201*.
Tawi-tawi: 6 193, 202*. 2 G7
Jolé-Sulu : $ 194.
55 5 Ex. nach B.: 188—195.
5 33d nach M.: Durchschnitt 185.
” shee ” ” ” 192.
Schnabelliinge in mm. (von der Stirn an gemessen):
Bongao: 46, 48*. 2 43*, 46-5, 48%
Tawi-tawi : ¢ 44°5, 50*. 2 46*.
Jolé-Sulu : ? 445,
3 5 Ex. nach B, :; 41—45.
3 334 nach M.: Durchsehnitt 45.
” 229 ” ” ” 42.
Verbreitung : Bongao, Tawi-tawi, Jolé-Sulu.
6. Thriponax javensis pectoralis Tweedd.
Lhriponax pectoralis Tweeddale, P, Z..S. Lond. 1878 p. 340—Leyte.
Durch 7h. j. multilunatus ist diese Form mit Th. J. javensis verbunden ; bei
jungen Stiicken sind die hellen Siiume der Kropf- und Brustfedern schmiiler als bei
adulten, und dieselben sind dadurch dem 7’. J. multilunatus auftallend iihnlich,
doch ist auch bei ihnen die schwarze Firbung an den Kinn- und Kehlfedern auf
schmale Schaftstriche beschriinkt. Kin mir vorliegendes Exemplar besitzt die
Andeutung einer gelbweissen Unterriickenbinde,
( 320 )
Fligellinge in mm. :
Leyte: ¢ 214.
Samar: ¢ 205; ¢ 209.
Verbreitung : Bohol, Leyte, Panaon, Samar.
7. Thriponax javensis hargitti Sharpe.
Thriponax hargitti Sharpe, Ibis 1884 p. 317 t. viii—Palawan.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Palawan: ¢ 212*, 214*, 214*, 215*, 215*, 216*, 216*, 217%, 218, 220%, 220.
2 205%, 206, 208", 217.
Durchschnitt von 15 Ex.: 2142 mm.
Verbreitung : Palawan.
8. Thriponax javensis mindorensis Steere.
Thriponax mindorensis Steere, List Birds and Mams. Steere Exp. p. 8 (1890—Mindoro).
Sehr iihnlich Th. j. hargitti, aber im Durchschnitt etwas kleiner; durch den
Besitz eines meist wohl ausgebildeten weissen Fleckes an der Basis der Innenfahne
der beiden iiussersten Handschwingen und den etwas schlankeren, an der Basis
schmiileren, nicht aber ktirzeren Schnabel hinreichend gekennzeichnet ; zudem. ist
die Fiirbung des SEs dankelgran, nicht gelblich wie bei hargittz.
Fliigelliinge in mm.
Mindoro: ¢ 201, 202, 204* ; 2 201, 206*, 206*, 207.
Verbreitung : Mindoro.
9. Thriponax javensis philippinensis Steere.
Thriponax philippinensis Steere, List Birds and Mams. Steere Exp. p. 8 (1890—Guimaras und
Masbate).
Ahnlich Th. j. hargitti, aber der rote Bartstreif des d wesentlich breiter ;
Innenfahne der beiden iiussersten Handschwingen in der Regel mit deutlich
ausgebildetem weissem Basalfleck ; das Rot der Kopftedern in beiden Geschlechtern
dunkler, Von Zh. j. mindorensis durch den breiteren Bartstreif des 3 und den
gelblichen, nicht dunkelgrauen Unterschnabel unterschieden.
Zuweilen treten—wenigstens bei Hxemplaren von Masbate—rote Spitzen an
den Federn von Kinn, Keble, Hals und Oberriicken auf.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Negros: ¢ 202*, 211, 217. 2 200*, 206.
Masbate: ¢ 214, 217,* 218*, 220 [M]. ? 218 [M].
Panay: ¢ 205*.
Guimaras: ¢ 207*
Verbreitung : Negros, Guimaras, Panay, Masbate.
10. Thriponax javensis hodgsonii (Jerd.).
Hemilophus hodgsonii Jerdon, Vadr, Journ, vol. xi p. 215 (1840—Tellicherry),
Verbreitung : Siidliches Vorderindien,
=
Ma.
( 321)
11. Thriponax javensis feddeni (Blanf.).
? Picus crawfurdii Gray, in Griffith’s Cuv. Anim. Kingd., Birds, vol, ii p, 513 f. (1829—“ from an
Indian drawing ”’).
Mulleripicus feddeni Blanford, J, A.S. Beng. vol. 32 p. 75 (1863—Burma).
Thriponac jerdoni Cabanis & Heine, Mus. Hein. vol. iv p. 105 (Juli 1863—Ober-Pegu).
Verbreitung : Burma, Nord-Tenasserim, Siam, Cochin-China.
XXVIII. Die Formen von Centropus sinensis (Steph.).
1. Centropus sinensis sinensis (Steph.).
Polophilus sinensis Stephens, in Shaw’s Gren. Zool, vol. ix p. 51 (1815—“ Said to inhabit China.”
Patr. (a nobis) design. : Ningpo.).
? Centropus castanopterus Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. vol. xiv p. 215 (1826—“ India,” ex Latham,
Hist. B. vol. iii p. 243. Latham vereinigt unter gemeinsamem Namen mehrere Formen und
gibt als Localitaten Calcutta und den Irawaddy an, der abgebildete Jungvogel dagegen, auf
dessen Grésse die anfangs gegebene Beschreibung der Art nicht stimmt, stammt von Cawnpur).
Centropus fasciatus Smith, J. A.S. Beng. vol, x p. 659 (1841—Gorruckpore-Distrikt).
? Centrococcyx validus Heine, J. f.O. vol. xi p. 357 (1863—Ostindien ?).
Centrococeyx maximus Hume, Str. F. vol. i p. 454 (1873—Sindh und Sikkim).
Ich vermag chinesische Exemplare nicht von nord- und nordwest-indischen zu
unterscheiden; es ist indessen miglich, dass die Messung grésserer Serien aus
China eine etwas geringere Durchschnittsgrésse fiir den topotypischen C. s. sinensis
ergibt als fiir: Stiicke aus der Indus- und Ganges-Ebene und dem Himalaya.
Miteinander gemeinsam haben sie den oberseits griinlich, nicht bliulich schimmern-
den Schwanz und den relativ kleinen Schnabel; dies sind die wesentlichsten
Unterschiede gegeniiber der anniihernd gleich grossen Form C. s. budutus. Hin
weiterer Differenzpunkt zwischen siensis und d4ubutus beruht vielleicht in den
briinnlicheren, weniger reinschwarzen und weniger stark gliinzenden Unter-
fliigeldecken der ersteren Form.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Ningpo :
Futschou: ¢ 210*, 211, 216, 218.
Hongkong: ¢ 205*.
Manipur: ¢ 213*, 213*, 215*, 218*.
Assam: 6 203*, 210".
Behar: ¢ 205.
Dacca: ¢ 204.
Bhutan: ¢ 206*, 208", 213", 214*, 215*.
Sikkim: ¢ 211* 2 220".
Kumaon : 2 230".
Kaschmir: ¢ 210*,
Lucknow :
Delhi: ¢ 208*, 210%, 214*, 220",
Gurgaon-Distr.: ¢ 218".
Saharanpur :
Sindh: 5 222%, 222*, 225%.
Variation : 3 2083—225, ¢ 219— 241 mm,
222, 222", Zeal.
219*
220*, 220*, 220*, 230*.
+o +O +0 +0
226%,
228" 237%, 241%,
299" 234",
231°,
233", 238%.
+O +0 +0 +0 +0
Verbreitung: Siid-China, Manipur, Himalaya yon Bhutan bis Kaschmir,
Assam und nord-indische Tiefebene ; Ebene des Indusgebietes.
21
( 322 )
2. Centropus sinensis intermedius (Hume).
entrococeyx intermedius Hume, Str. F, vol. i p. 454 (1873—Dhoon, Dacca, Thayetmyo ; patr, restr.:
Thayetmyo).
In der Fiirbung wie (. s. sinensis, also gleichfalls mit oberseits griinlich
schimmernden Steuerfedern und brannem, nicht schwarzem Interscapulum, aber im
Durchsehnitt betrichtlich kleiner,
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Salanga: 197*, 204* [30 Ex, nach A. Miiller: 185—211, Durehschnitt 195-5].
Tenasserim: ¢ 184*, 186*, 186*, 187*, 187*, 187*, 188*, 188*, 188*, 189", 190*,
192*, 193*, 193*, 193*, 194*, 194%, 195*, 195*, 195*, 196*, 196, 198*, 198%,
$ 200*, 200*, 201*, 201*, 203*, 203*, 206*, 207*, 207*, 207*, 207*, 208*, 215*, 217%.
Pegn, Rangoon, Unterlauf des Irawaddy, Sittang- und Salwin-finsses : ¢ 188",
191*, 192*, 192*, 193*, 193*, 193*, 194*, 195, 195*, 195*, 196%, 197*, 197*, 198%,
198, 198*.——- 2 202*, 202, 203*, 207*, 209*, 210*, 219%.
Arakanicd) 187") 197% 199" ¢ 9 2015,208,205, 210" 214". liz.
Kossoum: ¢ 184*, 185*, 188*, 193*, 193*, 195*, 196* ; ? 214*.
S. Yunnan : $ 218%.
S. Chin-hills: 3 195. Alas
Cachar: ¢ 197, 9 217%, 218.
Siam: ¢ 197 (Mus. Paris), 199%.
? 200 (Mus. Paris), 211*, 212 (Mus, Paris), 214*.
Cambodja: 3 188*.
Cochinchina (Mus. Paris): 3 187, 191, 198, 196, 196, 196, 196, 198.
2 200, 202, 202, 202, 203, 203, 205, 206, 208, 213.
Tonkin: 192 (Mus. Paris), 2 213.
Hainan: 191, 191, 192*, 199*, 260, 200, 201, 203*, 204, 205, 215, 215, 218.
Variation: & 184—199, 2? 200—219 mm.
Verbreitung : Salanga, nérdlichster Teil der malayischen Halbinsel (nérdlich
bis Paklan), Tenasserim, Siam, Cambodja, Tonkin, Hainan, Yunnan, Burma nérdlich
bis za den Chin-hills, Tipperah und Cachar, aber nicht Manipur.
3. Centropus sinensis bubutus Horsf.
Centropus bubutus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soe. Lond. vol. xiii p. 180 (1822 —Java).
Centropus philippensis var, javanica Horsfield, Zool. Research. Java, Text zu t. 60 (1824—Java).
Centropus eurycercus Hay, J. A. S. Beng. vol. xiv p. 551 (1845—Malakka).
Centropus borneensis Bonaparte, Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5 (1854—nomen nudum !),
Centrococeyx acheenensis Hume, Str, F’, vol. vi p. 171 (1878— Acheen = Atjeh, N.W. Sumatra).
Diese Form steht der typischen sehr nahe, unterscheidet sich jedoch durch die
Fiirbung der Steuerfedern, deren Oberseite bei adulten Stiicken stets bliinlich, nicht
griinlich gliinzt, durch den in der Regel relativ stiirkeren, insbesondere hiéheren
Schnabel und durch oft etwas lichteres Braun der Fliigel und des Interscapulum.
Einige Exemplare von Kangean sind anffiillig klein; in der Fiirbung dagegen
stimmen sie ganz mit javanischen tiberein, und die kleine Serie gestattet noch keine
Abtrennung.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Malakka: ¢ 212*, 218"; $ 223 [M], 227%, 232, 232, 285, 239.
Borneo: d 205, 207, 212", 214"; 9 222, 223, 280,
Bunguran: 3 216,
( 323 )
Sumatra: go 206*, 209*, 210*, 211%, 211, 215, 219*, 221*, 221*; 9 223*, 224,
233, 236", 238 [P].
Java: d 225, 205, 207, 211; 2 217, 220 [P], 220 [P], 228.
Kangean: ¢ 192, 202, 204, 205; ¢ 211, 222 [ Vorderman].
Bali: ¢ 215.
Variation: & [192], 202—221; 2 211—239 mm.
Verbreitung : Malakka, Bunguran, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali.
Centropus sinensis subsp.
Exemplare von Palawan stimmen in der Firbung vdéllig mit der Form
C. s. bubutus iiberein, sind jedoch durchsehnittlich kleiner, ein Umstand, der zu
ihrer subspecifischen Sonderung berechtigen diirfte.
Fliigelliinge in mm.:
Palawan: ¢ 190 (Mus. Paris), 193 (Mus. Paris), 200*, 200 (Mus. Paris).
2 206*, 209*, 217 (Mus. Paris).
Verbreitung : Palawan, Cagayan-Sulu (?), Balabac (?).
4. Centropus sinensis anonymus subsp. n.
Diese Form unterscheidet sich yon C, s. bubutus durch wesentlich geringere
Grésse und viel diistreres, ausgesprochener kastanienfarbenes Braun der Fliig¢el
und der Interscapularregion, yon C. s. s‘vensis durch die gleichen Merkmale und
zudem durch den oberseits ausgesprochener blaulich, weniger griinlich schimmernden
Schwanz, von C. s. ‘ntermedius durch bliiulicheren Schwanz und dunkleres Braun,
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Jolé-Sulu: ¢ 190 (Mus. Brunsy.), 191 (Mus. Paris); 2 199.
Tawi-tawi: d 182, 182 (Mus. Paris).
Typus: Tawi-tawi, Juli 1893, A. Everett coll., im Tring-Museum.
Verbreitung : Tawi-tawi, Jolé-Sulu.
5, Centropus sinensis parroti subsp. n.
Anf die auffiilligen Merkmale, welche die Ceylon und Vorderindien bewohnende
Form yon allen iibrigen Unterarten des Centropus sinensis unterscheiden; haben
bereits Lord Walden (/dis 1872 p. 366), Hume (Str. 4. vol. i p, 435), Blanford
(Birds Brit. Ind. vol. iii. p. 241), Legge (Birds of Ceylon p. 261) u. a. anfmerksam
gemacht. Sie bestehen in den folgenden Punkten: (1) Die Interscapularregion ist
schwarz mit blaumetallischem Glanz, von der gleichen Viirbung wie der iibrige
Riicken, nicht—wie wir es bei allen iibrigen Formen antreffen—kastanienbraun und
mit Schwingen, oberen Fliigeldecken und Scapularen gleichfarbig. (2) Stirn,
Vorderkopf, Kopfseiten und Kinn heben sich dureh ihre hellere, leicht griuliche,
griinlich schimmernde Fiirbung von dem Colorit des iibrigen, schwarzen Korper-
gefieders sehr merklich ab, wiihrend bei den iibrigen Formen im Alterskleid kein
Aufhellen des Gefiedertones in diesen Regionen bemerkbar ist. (3) Die metallischen
Reflexe an Oberkopf, Nacken und Kehle lassen in der Regel den blauvioletten
Rinschlag vermissen, der die tibrigen Subspecies auszeichnet: Bei Ceylonesen und
Vorderindiern sind diese Reflexe von einem ausgesprocheneren Blau, das oft ins
griinlichblane oder griinliche iibergeht. Schliesslich (4) pflegt das Kastanienbraun
der Fligel etwas dunkler zu sein und die innersten Sekundiiren nehmen oft eine
( 324 )
schwarzgraue Fiirbung an. Den griinlichen, nicht bliiulichen Glanz auf der
Oberseite der Stenerfedern teilt die Form mit allen ihren continentalen Ver-
tretern, die geringe Durchschnittgrésse nur mit C. s. intermedius.
Keiner der Namen, die bisher fiir die Bezeichnung dieser Form Anwendung
fanden, ist in diesem Sinue zuliissig: C. rufipennis Illiger bezieht sich anf den
Philippinenvogel Centropus viridis, und unter der Bezeichnung Centropus castano-
pterus Stephens wurden in der Originalbeschreibung die Subspecies sinens’s und
intermedius zusammengeworfen.
Ich widme die Form, die ich nunmehr (¢ ‘entr opus sinensis parrot? benenne, dem
Andenken Dr, Carl Parrots, der in seinen so iiberaus sorgfiiltigen und kritischen
“Beitriigen zur Ornithologie Sumatras” von neuem auf die Verschiedenheit
ceylonesischer Stiicke gegeniiber solchen aus dem Archipel hinwies.
Typus: Ceylon, BE. Ernest Green coll., im Tring-Museum,
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Ceylon: ¢ 177*, 179%, 180*, 184, 190, 190 [P], 192*, 193*.——? 196%, 196,
197*, 201*, 203, 207 [P].
Travancore : ¢ 186*, 194*.
Mysore: ¢ 185*, 191*.
Ootacamund; 189*, 191*, 192*, 193*, 195*, 196".
Nilehiri-hills : ¢ 186*. 2 212%.
Coorg: 2 202.
Belgaum : 6 185*, 189*, 191*,
Malabar: 186*, 186*, 188*, 186*, 193*, 195*, 197*, 198*.
Siid-Konkan : 3 1§2* 2 203".
Mhow (Haidarabad) : ¢ 189*. ? 205*.
Ahmednuggar (Maharashtra) : 2 201*, 203*, 203*-211*.
Khandala (Nord-Konkan) : ¢ 193*, 196%. ? 203*,
Deccan : 3 185. oalons
Satpura-hills : 2 197*
Sambalpur : ? 199*, 200*.
Sagar: 9 19%*, 202.
Jhansi: od 192.
Ambalah : $ 201*.
Variation: 3 177—196; % 196—212 mm.
Verbreitung : Ceylon und Vorderindien, nach Norden zu begrenzt durch das
Gangestal und die Grosse Indische Wiiste.
Es bedeutet.im yvorstehenden :
P = nach Parrot, Beitrige zur Ornithologie Sumatras p. 187.
M = nach Miiller, J. 7. O. 1882 p, 411.
( 325 )
DIE VOGEL VON BALI.
AUS DEN ZOOLOGISCHEN ERGEBNISSEN DER IL. WAI P LEG C9
MOLUKKEN-EXPEDITION.
Von ERWIN STRESEMANN.
IN unvorhergesehener Aufenthalt auf Bali, der sich anf die Zeit vom 11. Januar
bis 16. Apri] 1911 erstreckte, wurde unter anderem zur Anlage einer
ornithologischen Sammlung auf der Insel benutzt und im ganzen wiihrend dieses
Zeitraumes etwa 350 Bilge in 127 Arten zusammengebracht ; von letzteren waren
53 neu fiir Bali, eine erwies sich als vollig neu fiir die Wissenschaft und gab zur
Aufstellnng eines neuen Genus Veranlassung (Leucopsar Stres., Bull. B. O. Club,
vol. 31 p. 4). Die Kollektion befindet sich jetzt im Tring-Musenm.
Die ersten Stichproben der Vogelwelt Balis verdanken wir Wallace, der sich
auf seinen denkwiirdigen Reisen im Archipel zwei Tage (am 13. und 14. Juni 1856)
bei Buleleng anfhielt und 9 Arten erlangte; die Exemplare sind im Cataloy der
Vogelsammlung des British Museum aufgefiihrt und im folgenden als Cat. B.
vol... pp... citiert. Doch erst 40 Jahre spiiter erhielten wir genauere Kenntnis
iiber die balinesische Ornis, nachdem William Doherty im Marz und April 1896
eine gréssere Sammlung an der Nordkiiste (offenbar hauptsiichlich bei Buleleng,
Gitgit und am Nordabfall des Gunung Bratan) veranstaltet hatte und dieselbe
akah Dr. Hartert bearbeitet worden war, der die Ergebnisse in Nov. Zool. vol. iii.
(1896) pp. 542-54 publicierte (im folgenden citiert als Hartert, p... ). Die Zahl
der von Bali bekannten Arten erhéhte sich damit auf 96; sie ist nunmehr durch
Hinzufiigung von 53 weiteren Species auf 149 gestiegen (gegen etwa 109 auf der
gleichgrossen Nachbarinsel Lombok bisher gesammelter Arten),
Unsere Hauptsammelplatze waren :
1. Die Umgegend von Buleleng, des bedeutendsten Ortes an der Nordkiiste :
weites, offenes, fast ganz flaches Kulturland, zam gréssten Teil mit Sawahs (nassen
Reiskulturen), Fruchtgiirten und Kokospflanzungen bedeckt.
2. Tjelukan Bawang, die westlichste Ansiedlung an der Nordkiiste, eine kleine
Mandaresenkolonie am Rande des grossen pfadlosen Urwaldes, der fast ganz
Westbali (etwa } der Insel) vom Strand bis zam héchsten Gebirgskamm bedeckt :
in geringer Entfernung vom Strand weite kiinstliche Lichtungen, dicht mit
Dorngestriipp oder mit hohen Sumpfgriisern bedeckt und von zahlreichen
Wassergriiben durchzogen ; weiter landeinwiirts lichter, parkiihnlicher Urwald mit
wenig Unterholz.—Liings des Meeresufers flacher mit Korallensand bedeckter
Strand, vor der Kiiste einige ausgedehnte, bei Ebbe trockenliegende Korallriffe ;
mehrere bedentende Biche mit breiten versumpften Miindungen ergiessen sich in
der Niihe des Ortes ins Meer.
3. Gitgit, 1500—2000 f. hoch siidlich von Buleleng am Nordhang des
Centralgebirges gelegenes Dorf: bis hier steigt das Kulturland empor, unmittelbar
iiber der Ortschaft dagegen beginnt der Gebirgswald: miichtige Biiume, mit
epiphytischen Farnen und Moosen iiberwuchert und von zabllosen Lianen um-
sponnen, stellenweise dichtes Unterholz ; sehr feucht, zur Regenzeit fast tiglich
( 326 )
bedentende Niederschliige. Lings des Trigerpfades, der von Gitgit aus mit
Benutzung eines 4000 f. hohen Passes das Centralgebirge westlich vom Gunung
Bratan iiberklettert, ausgedehnte Kaffeepflanzungen.
4, Gunung Bratan, nichst dem wenig héheren “ Pik von Tabanan” mit etwa
2150 m. (6500 f.) der héchste Gipfel des Centralgebirges ; zweimal (am 26, und 28,
Januar) vom erwiihnten Pass aus bestiegen: die Vegetation sehr dicht, die Baume
nehmen erst bei etwa 5000 f. merklich an Hohe ab; in der Niihe des Gipfels
vorwiegend grosse dichte Biische (Rhododendron) und hohe Farne, am Nordhang
des Gipfels Kasuarinenwaldung.
5. Danau Bratan, grosser abflussloser Kratersee, siidlich des Gunung Bratan
und etwa im Centrum der Insel in 2500 f. Hihe gelegen, ganz von gewaltigem
Urwald umgeben, die Ufer versumpft und mit hohen schilfartigen Grisern
bestanden,
6. Kintamani, eine der héchsten bewohnten Ortschaften der Insel, 1300 m.
(4000 f.) hoch am Rande eines alten eingebrochenen Kraters inmitten der jungen
Vulkanlandschaft angelegt, die den dstlichen Teil der Insel charakterisiert : Weite,
ganz baumlose Hiinge, mit oft tiber mannshohen, meist aber niederen Griisern
und yereinzelten Biischen bestanden: Waldungen finden sich nur in den tief
eingeschnittenen Wasserrissen und an_ steilen Abbriichen (Charakterbaum :
Casuarina montana). Jenseits des Kraterabbruches steigt der Aschenkegel des
titigen Vulkans Gunung Batur auf, weiter siidéstlich derjenige des gleichfalls,
aber in weit geringerem Grade, titigen Gunung Agung, der mit angeblich 3200 m.
die hichste Erhebung der Insel darstellt.
Kintamani wurde von uns zweimal von Buleleng aus besucht ; im Mira wurde
sodann eine Reise, wiederum iiber das Ostgebirge, nach Siidbali (Rendang, Klun-
kung, Gjanjar, Den Pasar, Marga) unternommen und von dort iiber den Danau
Bratan der Riickmarsch nach Buleleng ausgefiihrt. Der grésste Teil des siid-
balinesischen Hiigellandes und der vorgelagerten weiten Hbene ist waldloses
Gras- oder Kulturland.
Bevor ich zur Besprechang der einzelnen Arten itbergehe, ist es mir eine
angenehme Pflicht, Herrn Dr. von Rothschild meinen Dank ausznsprechen fiir die
grosse Liberalitit, mit der er mir die Ausarbeitung meiner Sammlungen im Tring-
Museum gestattete, die nur an der Hand eines so bedeutenden Vergleichs materials,
wie es sich zur Zeit allein in Tring findet, bis in die feineren Details stattfinden
konnte. Zu grossem Dank bin ich ferner Herrn Dr. Hartert fiir die freundliche
Unterstiitzung und die mannigfachen wertvollen Ratschliige verpflichtet, die er mir
bei der vorliegenden Arbeit hat zuteil werden lassen, sowie den folgenden Herren
fiir giitige Ubersendung von Vergleichsmaterial (dessen Benutzung in einer
Anzahl kleinerer Nebenarbeiten verwertet wurde, welche unter dem Sammeltitel
“Qrnithologische Miszellen aus dem indo-australischen Archipel” in Nov. Zool.
vols. xix und xx teilweise bereits ihre Veréffentlichung fanden): C. E. Hellmayr,
Prof. Dr. Jacobi, G. M. Mathews, Dr. H. Meerwarth und Prof. Dr. Schauinsland.
Es war meine Absicht, ein vollstiindige Liste der bisher von Bali bekannten
Vogel zu geben. Infolgedessen sind anch die ausschliesslich durch Doherty oder
Wallace gesammelten Arten mit Nummer aufgefiihrt; sie sind jedoch durch
Hinschluss in Parenthese als nicht von mir erbeutet kenntlich gemacht. Nur
beobachtete—nicht in Belegexemplaren gesammelte—Arten sind gleichfalls in
( 327 )
eckige Klammern gesetzt, warden aber nicht numeriert. Mit einem * bezeichnete
Arten sind neu fiir Bali.
Was die Kennzeichnung der gemessenen Exemplare anbetrifft, so habe ich
hierbei die von mir in den “Ornith. Misz.” befolgte Mcthode beibehalten: Mass-
zahlen ohne Zusatz beziehen sich auf Exemplare des Tring-Museums, solche mit
einem * auf ein Stiick des British Museum.
In der systematischen Anordnung der Familien bin ich bis auf einige geringe
Abweichungen Sharpe’s Handlist of Birds getolgt.
[Excalfactoria chinensis (L.).]
Mehrere kleine Wachteln, die zweifellos dieser Art angehdrten, jagte ich
Mitte Januar aus dem Strandgras in der Niihe von Buleleng auf.
1. Gallus varius (Shaw & Nodd.)..
Hartert, p. 554.
¢, Kintamani, 4000 f., liii.; Sjuv., Tegal, 1500 f., 4. iii. i, Kuta Dalem,
4500 f., 2. iii.; ¢ Kuta Dalem, 4500 f., 10. iii; ¢ Tjelukan phen, Bye
é. Iris eres Lauf grauweiss, Delon graubraun, Opescrmanel braun-
schwarz, Unterschnabel branngelb. Kamm ganzrandig, rotviolett; nackte Haut
der Kopfseiten und vordere Hiilfte des Kehllappens schwiarzlich rot, hintere Hillte
dunkelgelb ; Mitte der Kammbasis und vorderer Winkel des Kehllappens blaugriin.
oe ine hellbraun, Fiisse hell briiunlich grau, Oberschnabel schwarzbraun,
Unterschnabel hell gelbgrau.
Hiufig in der Allang-allang-Region des Gebirgskammes im Osten der Insel,
besonders in der Niihe der Ortschaften, ebenso in der buschreichen Grasebene bei
Tjelukan Bawang, wo diese Hiihner vor Sonnenaufgang in den Pflanzungen dicht
bei den Hiitten der Eingeborenen iisen ; vereinzelter traf ich sie in den Kaftee-
pfanzungen. Der Flug ist ziemlich rasch und gewandt, fiihrt aber selten iiber
grossere Strecken. (Im Hafen yon Colombo entwich uns auf der Heimreise ein Hahn
und flog auf einen wohl 10U0 m. entfernten Dampfer.) Zuweilen baumen sie auf
hohen Waldbiiumen auf, meist aber bleiben sie am Boden, wo sie sehr rasch zu
laufen verstehen, Bei Tage lebt Gallus varius im Busch versteckt, paarweis, auch
wohl zwei oder drei Méinnchen beisammen. Der hiiufig ausgestossene Ruf des
Hahnes, ein ranhes und in kurzen Pausen wiederholtes Ke-rek (dem Balzruf des
Rephahnes ahnlich) hat dem Vogel den Namen Keker eingetragen; die Balier
finden diesen Schrei wohltéuend und halten das Wildhuhn daher oft gekiifiot,
es legt jedoch niemals seine Scheuheit ganz ab, Bastarde pieced Gathus
carivs tnd Haushiihnern sah ich zuweilen bei grossen Hahnenkampfspielen
verwendet,
Verbreitung : Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba.
(2. Turnix javanica javanica Rafin. ]
Turniz taigoor pugnax, Hartert, p. 554.
Ich sah die Art auf Bali nor in Gefangenschaft, doch soll sie in den Feldern
nicht selten sein.
Turniz javanica Rafinesque 1814 = Hemipodius pugnax Temminck 1815;
cf. Richmond, Avhk 1909 p. 250,
( 328 )
3. Treron griseicauda griseicauda Gray.
Treron (Ozmotreron) griseicauda, Hartert, p. 552.
$juv., Rendang, 13. iii; ¢, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. iii.; 2, Tjelukan Bawang,
28. ili.
Iris gelbbraun oder orange ; Fiisse dunkel blaurot ; Schnabel-Basis dunkel
griinblan, Apicalhalfte matt graugriin, iiusserste Spitze braungelb; nackte Augen-
gegend griin.
Bei Tjelukan Bawang hiufig auf miichtigen Fruchtbiumen im Urwald.
Balinesisch : Kundu.
In der Celebes-region vertreten durch
Verbreitung: Java, Bali, Lombok.
P.g. wallace, pallidior und sangirensis.
(4. Ptilinopus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Forst.). |
Ptilinopus melanocephalus, Hartert, p, 553
Verbreitung: Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Lomblen,
Pantar, Alor, Sumba, Djampea, Kalao, Saleyer.
5. Ptilinopus cinctus albocinctus Wall.
Ptilinopus albocinctus baliensis, Hartert, p. 553.
3 3d, Danan Bratan, 3000 f., 16.1; 3d, Danau Bratan, 17.1.
Iris braunrot, Fiisse dunkelrosa, Schnabelbasis griin, Schnabelspitze dunkel-
orange. Ich vermag auf Grund der nun aus sieben Exemplaren bestehenden
Baliserie keine constanten Unterschiede gegeniiber Floresstiicken zu entdecken.
Die Fliigel meiner Exemplare messen: 152, 154, 160, 163 mm.
Hiinfig auf frachttragenden Ficusbiiumen im Urwald des Danan-Bratan-Kessels,
wo diese Tauben sich oft in grosser Anzahl einstellten. Sonst nicht beobachtet.
Verbreitung: Flores, Sumbawa, Lombok, Bali.
* 6, Ptilinopus porphyreus (Temm.) (= rosetcollis auct.).
?, Danan Bratan, 3000 f., 16.i.; d$, Danan Bratan, 17. i.
Iris braunrot, Fiisse lebhaft fleischfarben, Schnabel mattgriin oder graugriin.
Nur in der Mulde des Danau Bratan beobachtet, auf Ficnsbiiumen unter der
vorigen Art, aber viel weniger zahlreich als diese.
Verbreitung : Sumatra, Java, Bali.
7. Carpophaga lacernulata williami Hart.
‘arpophaga williami, Hartert, p. 552.
3, Gunung Bratan, 5000 f., 20.1; %, Tegal, 1500 f., 4.ii.; 1 Ex., Tegal,
2000 f., 4. iii.
Fiisse dunkelrosa, Schnabel schwarzgrau oder blangrau mit schwarzer Spitze.
Fliigel 198, 202, 203 mm, Vollkommen mit dem Typus iibereinstimmend.
Nicht selten in der Region der Kaffeepflanzungen, zamal in Ostbali. Im
primiiren Urwald traf ich diese Taube nur vereinzelt an.
Verbreitung: Bali.
(329)
8. Macropygia ruficeps ruficeps Temm.
Macropygia vuficeps, Hartert, p. 554.
Nov. Zool. vol. xx. p. 311,
2, Tegal, 1500 f., 9. iv.
Fiisse dunkel rot, Oberschnabel schwarzbraun, Unterschnabel heller.
Verbreitung :; Java, Bali, Lombok ?
9. Macropygia phasianella emiliana Bp.
Macropygia emiliana, Hartert, p. 554.
6, Tjelukanbawang, 30. ili.
Nur sehr vereinzelt angetroffen ; Aufenthalt meist in dichtem Gebiisch. Bali-
nesisch: Kutu lalang.
Verbreitung : Borneo, Barussan-Inseln?, Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Flores.
Fliigellange in mm. :
Borneo: 165, 169, 178 [5 Ex. nach Finsch, V. 2. Mf. vol. xxvi p. 139:
158—173].
Java: 163 [23 Ex. nach Finsch : 165—178].
Kangean: 182 [2 Ex. nach Finch: 195—210}.
Bali: 167, 167, 172.
Lombok: 168, 169, 180, 182, 184.
Flores: 167, 170.
Nias (1M. ph. modiglianii) : 188.
Si-Oban : -176, 180.
10. Streptopelia chinensis tigrina (Temm.).
Turtur tigrinus, Hartert, p. 554.
6, Buleleng, 12.1; ?, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19.i1.; 2 ? 2, Buleleng, 11. iv.
Fiisse weinrot oder dunkel bliiulich rot, Schnabel schwarz. Fliigel 141, 142,
144, 144 mm.
Sehr hiinfig in der Kulturzone, seltener im lichten Urwald, bei Kintamani bis
4000 f. aufsteigend. Nest im Wipfel hoher Kokospalmen. Hin solches enthielt
am 26. Mirz zwei Hier; 1 Ei misst: 27:2 x 216mm. Balinesisch: Kukur,
Auf Bali ebenso wie auf Java ein sehr beliebter Kiifigvogel, zu dessen gegenwiirtiger
weiter Verbreitung sicherlich zum grissten Teil der Mensch beitrng. Ich selbst
schoss ein entwichenes Exemplar in den Giirten von Ambon, wo die Art zufolge
glaubwiirdiger Aussagen der Hingeborenen nicht heimisch ist, und wenn sie von
Salvadori in Orn. Pap. vol. iii p. 152 von hier sowie von Batjan, Halmahera,
Ternate und Tidore anfgefiihrt wird, so handelt es sich ganz offenbar in allen
Fallen ihres Nachweises auf diesen Inseln um der Gefangenschaft entflohene
Exemplare. In Celebes wurde die Art nach A. B. Meyer (/é/s 1879 p. 137) um
das Jahr 1835 eingefiihrt, ebenso soll sie nach Borneo durch den Menschen von
Java her gebracht worden sein (fide Everett, cf. Meyer & Wiglesworth, Birds of
Celebes p. 645). Dieser ganz recenten Verbreitung ist es wahrscheinlich zu-
zuschreiben, dass die Form noch nicht in—mit unseren Unterscheidungs-methoden
wahrnehmbare—Localrassen zerfallen ist. Freilich wurde eine solche von Parrot
als Turtur tigrinus minor beschrieben. Ich stehe indessen dieser Form, als deren
typische Localitiit Deli auf Sumatra angegeben ist, nach Messung von iiber
70 Exemplaren des Tring-Museums aus allen Teilen des Verbreitungsgebietes
( 330 )
von S. ch. tigrina skeptisch gegeniiber. Tatsache scheint zu sein, dass der
Durchschnitt des Fliigelmasses bei Végeln von den kleinen Sundainseln etwas
hoher liegt als bei solchen von Java, Sumatra und Malakka, indem unter den
von mir gemessenen Exemplaren aus der Inselkette von Bali bis Babbar das
Minimum nicht anter 140 mm. sinkt, wihrend ich bei Sumatra und Malakkavégeln
ein kleinstes Mass von 137, bei solchen von Pegu und von Java ein solches von
138 mm. fand. Indessen ist die Gréssenvariation bei dieser Art an gleicher
Localitiit sehr betriichtlich ; sie schwankt bei den mir vorliezenden Javanern
zwischen 138 und 149, bei Végeln von Burma zwischen 139 und 150, von Flores
zwischen 140 und 150, von Sumbawa gar zwischen 143 und 159 mm, Hin
Exemplar von Deli-Sumatra misst 142 mm., wiihrend Parrots Maximalmass von
Sumatra 138°5 mm. betrug. Sehr anffillig ist mir lediglich die sehr geringe
Fliigelliinge der zwei mir vorliegenden Palawan-Stiicke: 134 und 135 mm. ; nach
McGregor, Man. Philipp. Birds, p. 57, freilich ist die Art dort nur Wintergast (? !).
*11. Streptopelia bitorquata bitorquata (Temm.).
3, Kintamani, 4000 f., 22. 1.
Iris gelborange, Fiisse duukelrosa, Schnabel schwarz,
Ich constatierte nur dieses Exemplar, das sich unter einem kleinen Flug der
vorigen Art befand.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Solor, Timor— Auf den
Philippinen, den Sulu-Inseln, Palawan und in Nord-Borneo durch Streptopelia
bitorquata dussumiert vertreten.
12. Geopelia striata striata (L.).
Geopelia striata, Hartert, p, 554.
3, Buleleng, 12.7. ; ?, Buleleng, 7. iv.
Iris weiss, Fiisse dunkelgrau, Schnabel dunkel blaugran, nackte Augengegend
griinlich gelb.
Gemein in der Kulturzone ; ich traf diese Art auch im lichten Kasuarinenwald
am Gunong Batur in 3500 f. Hohe. Nester in Gebiisch, tiber mannshoch, sehr
fliichtig gebaut. Gelegezahl 2. Zwei belegte Nester fand ich am 26. und 28, Mira
in der Niihe des Strandes bei Tjelukan Bawang; 3 Hier messen: 2273 x 177;
22°3 x 17°7; 232 x 175mm. Balinesisch: titiran.
Auch diese Art wird bekanntlich sehr viel im Kifig gehalten und verdankt sehr
wahrscheinlich ihre weite Verbreitung zum Teil diesem Umstand. Dass sie auf
Ambon, von wo sie Salvadori im Cat. B. vol. xxi p. 460 auffiihrt nicht heimisch
ist, glaube ich mit Bestimmtheit versichern zu kénnen; auf dem nahen Ceram
wurde sie yon mir und den friiheren Reisenden nicht ein einziges Mal getroffen.
Auf Babber (cf. Meyer & Wiglesworth, Birds Cel. p. 648) wurde sie offenbar
gleichfalls eingefiihrt, da sie auf allen Inseln zwischen Lombok und Babber feblt
und hier durch (. striata maugeus ersetzt wird.
[13. Chalcophaps indica (1.).]
Hartert, p. 554.
Ich beobachtete diese Taube nicht selten in den Fruchtgiirten der Eingeborenen
bis 2u 2000 f. Da sie sich mit Vorliebe am Grunde unter dichtem Gebiisch aufhilt,
so ist sie schwierig zu erlegen. Als Nahrang dienen ihr hauptsichlich die Friichte
yon Zingiberaceen und Alpiniaceen.
PR hcg te Xs
ee uae Pet
( 331 )
[14. Rallina fasciata (Raff.). ]
Hartert, p. 554,
“Io. Amaurornis phoenicura javanica (Horsf. ).
Nov. Zool. vol. xx p, 303.
g, Tamblang, 750 f., 9. iii.; 2, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. iii. ; 2, Tjelukan Bawang,
29. ili.; 3, Buleleng, 3. iv.
Iris rotbraun, Fiisse gelb (ad.) oder dunkel braunoliy (juv.), Schnabel dunkel
griinoliv oder griin, Stirnplatte rot.
Auf Bali hiiufig in nassen Reisfeldern und auf sumpfigen Grasflichen. Bereits
durch Doherty gesammelt, aber in der Hartertschen Liste nicht aufgefiihrt.
Balinesich : Ker-koik.
Verbreitung: Natuna, Borneo, Palawan, Sulu-Inseln, Philippinen, Sangir,
Talaut, Sumatra, Barussan-Inseln, Bangka, Java, Kangean, Bali,
[Gallinula chloropus orientalis Horsf. ]
Mehrfach im Robhrgiirtel an den Seen Danau Bujan und Danan Bratan
beobachtet.
[Sterna bergii cristata Steph. ?]
Ende Miirz zwei Exemplare bei Tjelukan Bawang gesehen,
“16. Arenaria interpres (L.).
?, Tjelakan Bawang, 28. iii.
Nur dieses Exemplar am Strand beobachtet.
*17. Charadrius dominicus fulvus Gm.
296, Bubunan, 31. iii,
Nur an diesem Tage, offenbar einem Tage starken Zuges, mehrere unter rastenden
Bekassinenscharen anf brachliegenden Feldern beobachtet. Die erlegten Stiicke
tragen noch nicht das volle Brutkleid.
*18. Charadrius geoffroyi (Wagl.).
3, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iii.
Ende Miirz am Strand und auf Korallenriffen beobachtet, in Fliigen bis zu
6 Stiick vereinigt.
[Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.).]
Ich beobachtete am 27. Mirz ein Exemplar am Strand bei Tjelukan Bawang.
"19. Tringa glareola L.
244, Buleleng, 10. ii. und 3. iv.
Iris dunkelbrann, Fiisse gelbgriin oder braungelb ; Schnabel schwarz, an der
Basis griinlich grau.
(remein in den Reisfeldern, truppweis lebend,
( 382 )
20. Tringa hypoleucos L.
Tringoides hypoleucos, Hartert, p. 554.
?, Buleleng, 12. ii.
Von Januar bis April sehr hiufig am Strand, zuweilen auch an kleinen, dicht
bei der Kiiste gelegenen Siisswassertiimpeln.
*21. Gallinago stenura (Bp.).
2 22, Bubunan, 31. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse rétlich braun oder grauschwarz, Basalhilfte des
Schnabels branngelb, Apicalhiilfte schwarz.
Nicht selten von Januar bis Mitte April in den Reisfeldern, am 31. Miirz grosse
Scharen anf den brachliegenden Feldern bei Bubunan. Einige Exemplare beo-
bachtete ich auch in der Allang-allang-Region am Danau Bratan, 2500 f. hoch.
Balinesisch : tiling.
{Esacus magnirostris (Vieill.). |
Am 27. Miirz ein Exemplar auf einem Koralleuriff beobachtet.
[Dissoura episcopus neglecta Finsch. |
Ein Exemplar dieser Art sah ich bei Rendang (Siid-Bali).
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa ; Celebes (?), Philippinen (?).
[Leptoptilus javanicus (Horsf.). |
Ein Dentscher, der zur Tigerjagd nach Bali gekommen war, erziihlte mir, dass
er in Westbali einen Marabu gesehen habe.
*22. Ardea sumatrana Rafi.
2? immat., Tjelukan Bawang, 29. iil.
Mit Sicherheit nur dieses Exemplar beobachtet, das ich unter anderen Reihern
an einer Flussmiindung iiberraschte.
*23. Ardea purpurea manillensis Meyer.
9, Buleleng, 5. iv.
Iris hellgelb, nackter Teil des Unterschenkels gelb, Lauf und Zehen schwarz,
Lauf- und Fusssohle gelb, Oberschnabel schwarz, Augengegend und ein auf dem
Oberschnabel nach vorn ziehender Streif gelb ; Unterschnabel briiunlich gelb.
Vereinzelt in den Sawahs. Am 24, Miirz ein Nest mit halbfliggen Jongen in der
Krone eines miichtigen Waringinbaumes im Dorfe Radjatama. Balinesisch : gnors-
gnorsan.
*24, Egretta intermedia intermedia (Wagl.)
3 immat., Bubunan, 31, iii.
- Iris gelb, Fiisse schwarz, Schnabel gelb, Spitze des Oberschnabels schwarz,
nackte Augengegend hell citrongelb.
Scharenweis in den Sawahs bei Bubunan und Gjanjar.
( 833 )
*25. Egretta garzetta nigripes (Temm.),
234, Buleleng, 26. iii.
Tris gran, Fiisse schwarz, Schnabel schwarz, Basis des Oberschnabels und
nackte Augengegend gelb,
Hiinfig in den Sawahs. Ende Miirz nisteten mehrere Paare in der unten
erwihnten Brutkolonie unter Ardeola speciosa.
_[Demiegretta sacra (Gm,). |
Mehrere Paare am Strand der Nordkiiste beobachtet,
*26. Ardeola speciosa (Horsf. ).
?, Buleleng, 12.i.; 9, Djelantek, 2000 f., 20. ii.; %, Buleleng, 26. iii. ;
?, Bubunan, 31, iii; 2, Buleleng, 2. iv. ; ?, Buleleng, 9. iy.
Iris goldgelb, Fiisse braunrot oder gelblich griin, Schnabel an der Wurzel
blangrau, in der Mitte dunkelgelb, an der Spitze schwarz. Nackte Augengegend
griin.
Bei weitem der hiiufigste Reiher auf Bali, der in sehr grosser Anzahl in den
Sawahs lebt. Eine starke Brutkolonie befand sich in einigen grossen Biiumen vor
dem Hause des Residenten in Singaradja, inmitten der Ortschaft. Ende Marz
enthielten zahlreiche Nester Junge, nach dem Betragen der Alten zn schliessen,
die mit Nahrung im Schnabel aus und ein flogen.
Verbreitung : Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Saleyer,
Buton, Celebes. :
*27. Ardeola ibis coromanda (Bodd.).
3, ? immat., Buleleng, 26. iii,
Iris gelb, Fiisse schwarz, Schnabel hell briiunlich gelb, nackte Angengegend
gelb.
Nicht selten in den Sawahs; unter grossen Scharen von Ardeola speciosa
niichtigten regelmiissig einige auf den Schlafbiiumen vor dem Hause den Residenten
in Singaradja ; vielleicht befanden sich dort auch ihre Nester,
*28. Ixobrychus sinensis (Gm.).
3, Buleleng, 2. iy.
lis gelb, Fiisse gelblich griin, Oberschnabel braunschwarz mit gelber Schneide,
Unterschnabel braungelb.
Nur dieses Stiick constatiert,
*29, Butorides striata javanica (Horsf.).
3, Tjelukan Bawang, 28. iii, ; 9 , Buleleng, 8. iv.
Iris gelb ; Lanf und Zehen griinlich, Sohlen dunkelgelb; Oberschnabel schwarz,
Unterschnabel und Augengegend gelblich griin.
Sehr vereinzelt beobachtet: Am Strand und in den Sawahs. Balinesisch :
Kokokan maling.
[Dendrocygna arcuata (Cuy.) ?}
Eine grosse branne Entenart, wahrscheinlich zu dieser Art gehirig, ist hiiutig
auf den Binnenseen Danan Bujan und Danau Bratan, ;
( 334 )
[Fregata aquila (L.) ?.]
Fregattvégel sah ich mehrfach an der Kiiste.
[Ictinaétus malayensis (Temm.).]
Von Doherty anf Bali erlegt, aber nicht conserviert ; ef. Nov. Zool. vol. iii
p- 543.
*30. Spilornis bassus (Forst.).
3, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iii.
Iris und Fiisse gelb, Schnabel braunschwarz, Wachshaut und Augengegend
gelb. Fliigel 384 mm.
Nicht selten, zumal im Flachland, wo die Vigel von abgestorbenen Biumen
herab Ausschau zu halten pflegen.
Verbreitung : Bali, Java, Sumatra, Malakka, Borneo, Philippinen (?); stellen-
weise anscheinend neben Sp. pallida auftretend.
Falco bassus Forster 1798 = Falco bacha Daudin 1800; ef. Richmond, Proc.
U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxv p. 592 Anm.
[Haliaétus leucogaster ((Gm.).]
Ich beobachtete Ende Miirz ein Exemplar am Strande bei Tjelukan Bawang.
[Haliastur indus indus (Bodd.) > girrenera (Vieill.). |
Vereinzelt von mir am Strand beobachtet; im Februar ein Paar iiber dem
fischreichen Kratersee Danau Batur, + 3000 f. hoch.
*31. Microhierax fringillarius (Drap.).
3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; 9, Tjelukan Bawang, 28. iii.
pe
Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz. Fliigel ¢ 92, ? 101 mm.
Ich beobachtete auf Bali nur drei Paare dieses zierlichen kleinen Falken, eines
dayon am Gunung Bratan in 5000 f. Hohe.
Verbreitung: Tenasserim (im Tring-Mus. 2 Ex. von Ataran), Malakka, Borneo,
Sumatra, Java, Bali.
*32. Falco moluccensis occidentalis (M. & W.).
3, Kintamani, 4000 f., 24. ii.
Iris dunkelbrann, Fiisse hellgelb ; Schnabel an der Basis hellgrau, nach der
Spitze zu dunkler werdend ; Wachshant hellgelb.
Vereinzelt iiber den Allang-allang-Hiingen des Gebirgskammes bei Kintamani
beobachtet.
Verbreitung : Java und Inselkette von Bali und Kangean bis Tenimber; Kalao,
Djampea, Binungko, Celebes.
Vereinigt man—was durchaus konsequent ist—das Genus Yeracidea mit Falco,
so muss die obige Form neu benannt werden.
( 335 )
*33. Ketupa ketupa (Horsf.).
3, Djelantek, 2000 f., 20. iii.
Iris dunkelgelb, Fiisse hell braungelb, Schnabel grauschwarz.—Flii¢el 355 mm.
Nur ein Paar beobachtet, das in einem miichtigen Waringinbaum sass und von
zwei Spilornis unter wiitendem Geschrei umflogen wurde.
Verbreitung: Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,
Bali.
[34. Glaucidium castanopterum (Horsf.).]
Hartert, p. 552,
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
[35. Phodilus badius (Horsf.). ]
Hartert, p. 552.
Verbreitung : Ost-Himalaya, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Sumatra,
Nias, Borneo, Java, Bali.
(Kos ? sp.]
Bei Tegal (Ostbali, 2000 f.) beobachtete ich hiinfig eine vollstiindig rote Papa-
geienart vom Hos-Habitus mit schwarzer Fliigelzeichnung, die sich mit Vorliebe
in den Schattenbiiumen der ausgedehnten Kaffeepflanzungen aufhielt. Trotz langer
Bemiihungen gelang es mir leider nicht, einen dieser schenen und im Bliittergewirr
sehr schwer erkennbaren Végel, die wahrscheinlich einer unbekannten Art an-
gehéren, zu erlegen.
*36. Trichoglossus haematodus mitchelli Gray.
233,292, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 30.7.
Tris hellorange, Fiisse hellgrau, Schnabel gelbrot. Ganz mit einer grossen
Serie aus Lombok iibereinstimmend. Uber letztere vergl. Hartert, Yoo. Zool.
vol. viii p. 68.
Die Art ist auf Bali, ebenso wie anf Lombok, auf die héhere Gebirgsregion
beschriinkt ; sie war am Gunung Bratan an Urwaldlichtungen nicht selten und
trat hier gewohnlich in kleinen Fliigen auf——Ich sah anf der Insel niemals
gekiifigte Stiicke dieses Papageis.
Verbreitung : Lombok, Bali.
(Cacatua parvula occidentalis Hart. |
Doherty berichtete in litt. tiber das Auftreten dieser Art auf dem Tafel-hoek in
Siidbali (vergl. Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 543). Meine in Den Pasar eingezogenen
Erkundigungen bestiitigten diese Angabe nicht; es gibt zwar in Siidbali einzelne
freifliegende Kakadus, es sind dies indessen geziihmte, die yon Lombok her einge-
fiihrt warden und nicht zor Fortpflanzung schreiten. Dagegen soll der Kakadu
ziemlich hiiufig auf der Insel Nusa Penida, siidéstlich von Bali, nisten. Ob er
dorthin ohne Zutun des Menschen gelangt ist, muss ich dahingestellt sein lassen.
Die ungiinstigen Schiffsverbindungen machten mir einen Besuch dieser Insel
leider unméglich.
( 336 )
37. Conurus alexandri alexandri (L.).
Palaeornis alexandri, Hartert, p, 552.
3, Lumbanan, 600 f,, 13. ii.; 2 dd, Tegal, 1500 f., 2. iii. ; 2, Buleleng, 4. iv.
Tris weiss, Fiisse gelbgriin, Schnabel gelblich rot mit gelber Spitze.
Ziemlich hiiufig in der Kulturregion, besonders in Kokosplantagen. Diese Art
wird nicht selten von Eingeborenen in Gefangenschaft gehalten.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Kangean.
Conurus fasciatus gehirt dem gleichen Formencomplex an.—Uber Conurus
Kuhl 1820 vs, Palaeornis Vigors 1825. vergl. Mathews, ov. Zool. vol. xviii p.11.
*38. Loriculus vernalis pusillus Gray.
5 22,1, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 20.1; ¢, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 28. 7.
Tris graubraun, gelbbraun oder hellgrau, Fiisse orange, Schnabel orangerot oder
zinnober.
Im Gebirge iiberall hiiufig, oft in Schwiirmen bis zu 30 Stiick. Sehr charak-
teristisch fiir diese Vogel ist ihr zirpender Ruf. Sie bevorzugen zum Aufenthalt
die Kronen hoher Urwaldbiiume und sind dort, solange sie unbeweglich verharren—
und dies wiihrt oft lange Zeit—nicht von den Blittern zu unterscheiden.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
*39. Eurystomus orientalis orientalis (L.).
Nov. Zool. vol. xx p, 298,
?, Baleleng, 13.i.; ¢, Tegal, 1500 f., 9. iv.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse ziegelrot, Schnabel ziegelrot, Spitze des Oberschnabels
schwarz.
Sehr vereinzelt beobachtet.
Verbreitung: Bali, Java, Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo, Labuan, Sibutu, Sulu-
Archipel, Philippinen, Siao, Sangir, Talaut, Celebes mit Ausnahme der siidlichen
Halbinsel.
[40. Alcedo ispida floresiana Sharpe. |
Alcedo ispida bengalensis, Hartert, p, 550.
Nov. Zool. vol, xx p. 315.
Verbreitung : Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Wetter, Timor, Sumba, Romah,
41. Alcedo meninting meninting Horsf.
Hartert, p. 550.
3, Buleleng, 4. iv.
Tris schwarzbraun, Fiisse und Krallen leuchtend blutrot, Oberschnabel
schwarz, Unterschnabel schwiirzlich rot. Fliigel 66 mm,
Sehr vereinzelt an Flussmiindungen beobachtet.
Verbreitung : Siid-Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Balabac, Palawan, Calamianes, .
Sulu-Archipel, Celebes, Peling, Banggai; Bangka, Billiton, Sumatra, Batu-Inseln,
Java, Bali, Lombok.
Die Abtrennung der Vogel von den Batu-Inseln (als A. m. callima, durch
Oberholser in Smiths. Mise. Coll. yol. 1x No, 7 p. 7) wegen bedentenderer Grisse
( 387 )
und etwas griinlicherer Oberseite erscheint mir sehr gewagt, in Anbetracht der bei
dieser Art nicht unbetriichtlichen individuellen Groéssen- und Fiirbungsvariation.
2 Exemplare des Tring-Museums yon Tana Balla, also aus niichster Niihe des
typischen Fundortes yon Oberholsers callima, variieren untereinander in der Fiir-
bung der Oberseite: das eine, bliulichere, stimmt mit 4, das andere, griiulichere,
mit 3 Javastiicken vollkommen iiberein; ein siebentes Javastiick ist noch griin-
licher als dieses. Auch besteht keine beachtenswerte Gréssendifferenz,
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bali: 66, 66, 67, 70.
Java: 62:5, 63, 63, 63:5, 64, 65, 66, 66, 67.
Peling: 64.
Tawi-tawi: 67.
Maimbun (Sulu-Arch.): 64,
Bongao: 67.
Borneo : 62, 63-5, 64.
Palawan : 59, 65.
* Bangka (nach Parrot): 58, 62, 62, 62, 62:2.
Malakka; 62, 62, 62-5, 63, 64.
Tana Massa: 64, 68.
Vergl. ferner die Massangaben bei Finsch, Not. Leyd. Mus. vol, xxvi p. 49,
und Meyer & Wiglesworth, The Birds of Celebes, p, 267.
*42. Alcedo beryllina Vieill.
?, Buleleng, 11.ii.; ?, Tjelukan Bawang, 27. iii.; 2, Buleleng, 3.iv.; 3
Buleleng, 7. iv.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarz oder rotlich schwarz, Sohlen schmutzig rot,
Schnabel schwarz.
Ofters in der Niihe der Miindungen kleiner Fliisse an der Nordkiiste beobachtet,
Ruf ein durchdringender Pfiff abnlich dem von Alcedo ispida. Balinesisch :
‘sawanié.
]
Verbreitung : Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok.
43. Halcyon chloris collaris Scop.
Haleyon chlovis, Hartert, p, 551,
?, Buleleng, 12. ii. ; 3, Buleleng, 6. iv.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarz oder dunkelbrann, Oberschnabel schwarz,
Unterschnabel weisslich hornfarben mit schwarzer Spitze.
Mit Javaexemplaren gut iibereinstimmend, nicht aber mit solchen aus den
Molakken, die in der Regel unterseits ausgesprochener crémefarben getént und auf
Kopf und Riicken dunkler und griinlicher, weniger blan sind. Fliigel : $ 112,
3 113 mm.
Gemein iiberall in der Kulturregion, bis etwa 3000 f. aufsteigend. Balinesisch:
ptenkét.
44. Halcyon sancta Vig. & Horsf.
Haleyon sanctus, Hartert, p. 551,
%, Buleleng, 5: y.
Iris dunkelbrann, Fiisse schmutzig hellerau, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unter-
Schnabel weisslich hornfarben mit schwarzer Spitze,
22
( 338 )
Hiinfig von Ende Miirz ab in der Kulturregion, indessen weniger zahlreich als
Halcyon chloris.
Gast wiihrend des australischen Winters.
45. Halcyon cyanoventris (Vieill.).
Haleyon cyaniventris, Hartert, p, 551,
?, Gjanjar, 15. ii.
Schnabel und Fiisse rot.
Ich sah mehrere Exemplare an Bachliinfen im Kulturland Siidbalis,
Verbreitung: Java, Bali,
*46. Ramphalcyon capensis floresiana (Sharpe).
1 Ex.: Buleleng, 2. iv.
Iris schwarz, Lidrand rot ; Fiisse lenchtend rot; Schnabel rot, Oberschnabel
dunkler als Unterschnabel.
Selten an Wasserliiufen in der Kiistenebene Nord-Balis.
Verbreitung : Flores, Sumbawa, Lombok, Bali.
Uber Ramphaleyon vs. Pelargopsis vergl. Oberholser, Proc. U. St. Nat. Mus.
vol. xxxv p. 657 ff.
(47. Ceyx rufidorsa innominata Salvad. ]
Ceyx innominata, Hartert, p. 551,
Verbreitung ; Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, Flores, Sumba.
[48. Anthracoceros coronatus convexus (Temm.).]
‘Anthracoceros convecus, Hartert, p. 551,
Dieser Nashornvogel soll in den grossen Gebirgswiildern des Westens hiinfig
sein, Ich sah ihn nur bei Gitgit, wo mehrmals Fliige bis zu 8 Stiick in grosser
Hohe iiber das Tal hin dem gegeniiberliegenden bewaldeten Berghang zuflogen.
Verbreitung : Malakka, Natuna-Archipel, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Balt.
49. Melittophagus leschenaulti leschenaulti (Vieill.).
Melittophaqus leschenaulti, Hartert, p. 550,
3%, Tjelukanbawang, 27. iii. ; d, Buleleng, 10. iv.
Tris rot, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Hiinfig am Rande grosser Urwaldlichtungen an der Westkiiste Balis.
Verbreitung: Jaya, Bali.
swinhott an.
Der gleichen Formengruppe gehort I. 0.
50. Merops philippinus philippinus L.
Merops philippinus, Hartert, p. 550,
?, Buleleng, 11. ii. ; 2, Buleleng, 10, iv,
Iris dunkelkarmin, Fiisse sechwarzbraun, Schnabel schwarz.
Ich sah diese Vogel nicht selten iiber den Reisfeldern schweben, meist mehrere
beisammen. Bis etwa 2000 f, aufsteigend,
( 339 )
Die Art briitet anf Bali und den benachbarten Inseln wahrscheinlich nicht,
wurde aber doch von Everett auf Lombok im Juli, von Doherty auf Sumbawa im
August gesammelt, Alle iibrigen Hxemplare des Tring-Museums von den kleinen
Sunda-Inseln datieren aus den Monaten November bis April. Die von mir
festgestellten Maximalmasse der Fliigelliinge sind: Ceylon 138, Pini 135-5, Java
133 mm.
Im Bismarek-Archipel und in Dentsch-Nenguinea durch Merops philippinus
salvadorzi vertreten.
51. Hemiprocne longipennis longipennis (Tafin.).
[Hirundo longipennis Rafinesque, Bull. Sc. Soc. Phil. Paris, No. 68 vol. iii p. 153 (1803—Java). |
[Hirundo klecho Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. xiii p. 143 (1822—Java) ]
Macropteryx longipennis, Hartert, p. 549.
?, Pik v. Buleleng, 1500 f., 13.1.; ¢, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iti.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Ziemlich hiiufig am Urwaldsaum, bis etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.t—Hiervon ist zu unterscheiden
Hemiprocne longipennis harterti subsp. n.
bei der das Gran der Unterseite dunkler ist und tiefer hinabreicht, nur die hintere
Hiilfte des Unterkirpers weiss lassend, wiihrend bei der typischen Form die Mitte
des Unterkérpers etwa von der Brust ab weiss ist. Unterriicken und Biirzel dunkler
grau, die hellsten inneren Armschwingen und Scapularen hell aschgrau oder weiss-
lich gran statt weiss wie bei H. /. longipennis.
Verbreitung : Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Bunguran, Borneo, Bangka,
Sumatra,
Typus: %, Deli (N.O. Sumatra), Januar 1889, EH. Hartert coll., im Tring-
Museum.
Ich widme diese Form Herrn Dr. Ernst Hartert, meinem verehrten Lehrer in
malayischer Ornithologie.
In der Fliigelliinge stimmen beide Unterarten mit einander tiberein :
Bali: ¢ 168, 174. ? 169.
Java: 3 160, 162, 163, 164, 167. ? 164, 165.
Sumatra: ? 161, 164, 169.
Bunguran: 6 167. 2 165.
Malakka : 2 155, 158.
Burma: 3 161, Seale
Uber die Anwendung von THemiprocne Nitasch 1829 fiir Maeropteryx
Swainson 1832 vergleiche man Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol. xix p. 68.
*52. Collocalia linchi linchi Horsf. & Moore.
Nov. Zool. vol, xix p, 347,
%, Buleleng, 14. ii.
Iris dunkelbrann, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Hianfig tiberall, am Gunung Bratan bis zn 5000 f. Hohe beobachtet. In dem
steinernen Araberhaus in Buleleng, das wir gemietet hatten, schritten die Végel
Mitte Miirz zur Brot; die Nester wurden an die Zimmerdecke geklebt. Das
Belegexemplar ward am Nest geschossen,
Verbreitung ; Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok.
( 340}
53. Caprimulgus affinis affinis Horsf.
‘aprimulgus affinis, Hartert, p. 549.
6, Buleleng, 12.i.; ¢ 2, Tjelukan Bawang, 27. iii.
Tris, Fiisse und Schnabel dunkelbraun,
Nicht selten, vornehmlich in der Niihe des Strandes, wo die Végel bei Tage im
Gestriipp dicht oberhalb der Flutgrenze verborgen liegen. Balinesisch: tierlepd.
Verbreitung: Sumatra, Borneo, Billiton, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,
Flores, Alor, Sumba, Savu, Timor, Kisser; Celebes. Anf den Philippinen
durch C. a. griseatus und mindanensis vertreten.
(54. Surniculus lugubris lugubris (Horsf.).]
Surnieulus lugubris, Hartert, p. 552.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali; Ceylon.
Ich vermag Ceylonvégel durchaus nicht von Javanern zu unterscheiden. Beide
stimmen in Fiirbung, Fliigellinge und relativer Liinge des Schwanzes vollig iiberein.
Dagegen weichen Exemplare von Sumatra, Borneo und Malakka, in Grésse und
Farbton der typischen Form gleichend, von ihr dadurch ab, dass die Liinge des
centralen Steuerfederpaares, von ihrem Austritt aus der Hant an gemessen, in der
Regel geringer ist als diejenige des Fliigels, nicht betriichtlicher wie bei S. /.
lugubris. Ich trenne sie daher unter dem Namen
Surniculus lugubris brachyurus subsp. n.
ab.— Typus: 3, Bentong, Pahang, 21. Juni 1910, No. 1725. 10, im Tring-Maseum.
—Bei ausgefiirbten Vigeln von Palawan scheint die Unterseite in der Regel etwas
schwiirzlicher, weniger gran zu sein als bei typischen brachyurus, zugleich von
geringerem und ausgesprochener bliinlichem, weniger gritnlichblanem Glanz als
bei S. 2. dicruroides—eine Anniiherung an die Fiirbung von S. l. velutinus. Diese
Beobachtung mass indessen an weiterem Material gepriift werden, da die Ténung
der Unterseite auch individuellen Schwankungen unterworfen ist.—Das einzige
untersuchte Stiick von Bunguran ragt mit seiner bedeutenden Fliigelliinge weit
iiber den Durehschnitt von S. /. dbrachyurus hinans.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bali: 128.
Java: 122, 122:5*, 124, 125-5, 131.
Ceylon: 124*, 124*, 125*, 126*, 1265, 127*, 128, 129*, 131*.
Sumatra: 121*, 121°5, 122*, 127*, 129, 131, 132.
Borneo: 118, 119, 119, 120, 122, 124, 126*, 127*.
Malakka: 117*, 119, 119*, 119*, 120, 120%, 120*, 121*, 122*, 1
128*, 128*, 134, 139%, Durchschnitt von 16 Ex,: 1235 mm,
22*, 123", 124,
Lingga: 125,
Bunguran: 144,
Die relative Liinge von Fliigel (7) und Schwanz (c) sei an folgenden Beispielen
illustriert :
Bali: @ 128, ¢ 136.
Java: @ 120,¢ 121; a 124,¢ 130; @ 125°5, ¢ 135; @ 131, ¢ 134.
Ceylon: @ 126°5, e 130 ; a 128, ¢ 131.
A ef hye
Stee
de
: ( 341-7
Sumatra: a@ 121°5, ¢ 105; @ 129, ¢ 121 ; @ 182, ¢ 128.
Borneo: a 119, ¢ 110°5 ; @ 119, ¢ 1113; @ 120, ¢ 113.
Malakka: @ 119, ¢ 110; @ 120, ¢ 106; @ 124, ¢ 111; @ 134, ¢ 117.
Lingga: @ 125, ¢ 113.
Bunguran: @ 144, ¢ 133°5.
Durch bedeutendere Durchschnittsgrésse sowie dunklere und stiirker glinzende
Unterseite ist von drachyurus unterschieden :
Surniculus lugubris dicruroides Hodgs.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Nepal (terra typ.): 139%, 1389*, 189*, 140*, 145%.
Sikkim ; 136*, 137*, 137*, 137*, 138*, 138*, 138:5*, 139%, 139°5*, 140*, 140*,
140°5*, 141, 142, 142", 1425*, 144, 144-5", 145%, 1455", 147*, 147*, 147-5*.
Durchschnitt von 23 Ex.: 1413 mm.
Bhutan: 144*.
‘Assam: 134*, 134*, 135*, 136*, 136", 136*, 137*, 138", 138*, 138°5*, 138-5*,
139*, 139%, 139*, 141*, 142*, 143*, 144*, 144*, 146*. ;
Cachar : 135*, 138*.
Tonghoo: 148*.
Kyank Pyu: 145*.
8. Shan-Staaten : 136*,
Siam : 135*, 138*.
Hainan: 137°.
Chang-show (Szetschwan): 138.
Die Vogel vom siidlichen Burma, Tenasserim und Salanga werden am besten
mit der Formel
Surniculus lugubris brachyurus S$ dicruroides
bezeichnet.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Arakan: 132.
Bankassun: 132*, 133*, 136°5*.
Karen-nee : 132*.
Mandalay : 132-5.
Lower Pegu: 120, 131°5*, 135°5*, 139*, 140*, 141.
Tenasserim (Salwin-Mdg. bis Kra): 129:5*, 130%, 132*, 182°5*, 133%, 134*,
134*, 135°5*, 136*, 136*, 137*, 140*, 141*. Durchschnitt von 13 Ex.: 13847 mm.
*55. Cuculus intermedius insulindae Hart.
Cuculus intermedius insulindae, Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna p. 952 (1912—Borneo).
3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 27. i.
Iris brannrot, Fiisse lenchtend gelb, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel
hellgelb mit schwarzer Spitze. Fliigel 152 mm.
Dieser Kuckuck ist nicht selten im Urwald, wo ich ihn von der Tiefebene bis
hinauf zu 5000 f. antraf. Sein Ruf, den ich oft hérte, ist dem von C. canorus
canorus ibnlich und gleichfalls zweisilbig, doch liegen beide Tonsilben auf gleicher
Hohe.
Verbreitung : Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Pantar
(yon allen diesen Localitiiten befinden sich Pxemplare im Tring-Museum).
( 342 )
[56. Cuculus optatus Gould. |
Cuculus intermedius, Hartert, p. 552.
Wintergast. (Vergl. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna p. 949.)
57. Cacomantis sepulcralis sepulcralis (S. Miill.).
Cacomantis threnodes (non Cab, & Heine !), Hartert, p, 551.
Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 334.
3, Batur, 3000 f., 23. ii.
Iris hellbraun, Fiisse grauoliv, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel dunkel-
braun.
Nar dieses Exemplar beobachtet.
Verbreitung: Sumatra, Simalor, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, Sumba ;
Philippinen, Sulu-Archipel, Palawan, Borneo ?
[58. Cacomantis merulinus merulinus (Scop.). |
Cacomantis merulinus, Hartert, p, 551.
Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 332.
Verbreitung : Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Palawan, Sulu-Archipel, Philip-
pinen, Celebes.
*59. Chalcococcyx basalis (Horsf.).
2, Tjelukanbawang, 27. iii.
Iris dunkelbraun, Lauf dunkelgrau, Zehen schwarz, Oberschnabel schwarz,
Unterschnabel dunkelbraun, Fliigel 98 mm.
Ich constatierte nur dieses eine Exemplar, im Gestriipp am Strande.
Die Grenzen des Verbreitungsgebietes sind noch nicht hinreichend bekannt.
*60. Centropus sinensis bubutus Horsf.
Nov. Zool, vol. xx p. 322.
¢, Tangkid, 1500 f., 6. i117.
Nur dieses Exemplar mit Sicherheit constatiert ; es hielt sich in einem dicht
mit Arengpalmen und Citrusbiinmen bepflanzten Fruchtgarten auf.
Verbreitung : Malakka, Natuna, Borneo, Balabac, Palawan, Cagayan-Sulu ?,
Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali.
Die Manserverhiiltnisse liegen bei dieser Art wie bei Centropus bengalensis.
Auch hier tritt im Laufe der Gefiederentwickelung normalerweise ein zweites
Jugendkleid auf, das mit weniger deutlichen hellen Querbinden versehen zu sein
pflegt als das erste.
61. Centropus bengalensis javanensis (Dumont).
Centropus javanicus, Hartert, p. 552.
Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 337,
2, 27. iii. 3; FD, 29. iii. ; d, 30. iti—alle von Tjelukan Bawang.
Iris braun ; Lauf grauschwarz, Zehen dunkler; Schnabel schwarz,
Nicht selten im Grasland und im dichten Gestriipp der Kulturzone, wo der
Vogel tagsiiber ein sehr verstecktes Leben fiihrt ; des Abends pflegt er, anf einem
starken Halm sitzend, sich durch einen weithin hérbaren Lockruf, der wie tuk tuk
tuk , . . klingt, bemerkbar zu machen, Balinesisch ; sawan udjan,
( 343 )
Verbreitung : Malakka, Natuna, Borneo, Palawan, Philippinen, Sulu-Archipel,
Bangka, Sumatra, Java, Bali.
Die einzelnen Kleider dieses Graskuckucks sind sehr verschieden gedeutet
worden. Wihrend Oates (Birds of British Burma p. 128; Str. Feath. vol. x
p- 196) das Bestehen eines dem ersten Jugendkleid sehr iihnlichen Winterkleides
behauptet—eine Angabe, die von Shelley im Cat. B. vol. xix p. 353 iibernommen
worden ist—betrachtet Blanford (Birds Brit. Ind. vol. iii p. 243) das gleiche Kleid
als das zweite Jugendgefieder, das aus dem ersten ohne Mauser hervorgehen soll,
und bemerkt hierzu: “ The second garb is called the winter or seasonal plumage by
most authors, but I can find no evidence that it is ever assumed by birds that have
once attained adult coloration; and there are several winter birds in the British
Musenm collection with the adult dress.” W. Blasins beschreibt in Ze/tschr.
Ges. Ornith, 1885, pp. 267-70, eine Reihe von Biilgen, die teilweise verschiedene
Altersstadien repriisentieren, mit grosser Ausfiihrlichkeit, geht jedoch von der
irrigen Ansicht aus, “dass die Ausfiirbung des Gefieders sowohl durch Umfirbung
das iilteren Jugendgefieders als auch durch Mauser bewirkt wird. Mir scheint es
wenigstens héchst wahrscheinlich zu sein, dass das Jugendgefieder am Schwanz
und Rumpfe zunachst sich im Dunkle umfiirbt, bis dann bei der niichsten Mauser die
Federn von vornherein im definitiven Farbentone hervorwachsen,”
Eine Reihe von Mauserbiilgen des Tring-Museums liisst die Aufeinanderfolge
der Gefieder klar erkennen.
I. Jugenkleid.
Federn von Oberkopf und Nacken hell rétlich braun mit ebenso gefiirbtem
Schaft, apicale Hiilfte der Federiste in der Regel schwarz oder dunkelbraun ;
Federn des Mantels und die oberen Fliigeldecken, ebenso die Arm- und Hand-
schwingen hell rotbraun mit rotbraunem Schaft, schwarz quergebandert. Unter-
riicken, Biirzel und Oberschwanzdecken briiunlich, eng schwarz quergebiindert.
Steuerfedern schwarz, oberseits mit griinlichem Metallglanz, und mit zahlreichen
(die centralen mit etwa 15—25) schmalen, hell briiunlichen Querbinden versehen,
Unterseite schmutzig gelbweiss, die Kropftedern meist rotbraun verwaschen und
mit schwarzen Spitzen, die Federn der Korperseiten, die Schenkelbetiederung und
die Unterschwanzdecken dagegen mit schwarzbraunen (Querbinden.
Material : 6 Exemplare, darunter ein noch nicht flugbares.
Dieses Kleid wird offenbar schon nach wenigen Monaten (bei Vigeln von
Cachar in den spiten Herbstmonaten), vollstiindig, d. h. mit Hinschluss des
Grossgefieders, in das
II. Jugendkleid
vermausert. In diesem besitzen die Federn yon Oberkopf, Nacken und Mantel
weissliche oder strohgelbe (uicht mehr rotbraune oder hell braune) Schiifte, die
Federiiste sind an der Basis strohgelb, werden nach der Mitte zu schwarzlich und
gegen die Spitze hin braun. Die kleinen oberen Fliigeldeckfedern sind rotbraun
mit strohgelbem Schaft, die Hand- und ausseren Armschwingen einfarbig rotbraun
mit schwiirzlicher Spitze (seltener mit schwach angedeuteter ()uerbiinderung), die
innersten Armschwingen einfarbig schwiirzlichbraun, Steuerfedern gritnmetallisch,
ohne oder mit nur schwach angedeuteter schmaler briiunlicher Querbiinderung, die
dann meist auf das apicale Fiinftel beschriinkt ist, aber stets mit weisslichem
Spitzensaum von variierender Breite. Unterriicken- und Oberschwanzdecktfedern
schwarz mit zahlreichen briiunlichen Binden; von den letzteren erreichen die beiden
(344)
mittelsten in diesem Kleide eine bedeutende Liinge. Unterseite wie im ersten
Jugendgefieder,
Infolge des betriichtlichen Unterschiedes in der Zeichnung, den Schwingen
und Stenerfedern des ersten Jugendkleides gegeniiber denen des zweiten aufweisen,
liisst sich der Zustand des Grossgefieders bei Stiicken, die im ersten Federwechsel
begriffen sind, ohne weiteres beurteilen. Der Verlauf desselben sei im folgenden
an einigen Beispielen illustriert, und zwar unter Benutzung eines Schemas, dessen
Gedanke der Arbeit Heinroths in Sitzungsber. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin 1898
p- 101 entlehnt ist. Es stellen darin die mit R und L bezeichneten Balken die
R H L R S L
Fie, 1.
(1) Cachar, 10. x. 1895. © (2) Timor, viii, 1897. (3) Leti, 3. xi.1902. (4) Roma, 20, vii, 1902. (5) Leti,
24, xii, 1902. (6) Roma, 13. viii. 1902.
rechte und linke Hand des Vogels dar; der Arm ist weggelassen, da ein Ziihlen der
Armschwingen am trockenen Balge grossen Schwierigkeiten begegnet. S bedeutet
die Basis der Stenerfedern. Senkrechte Striche mit Koépfehen dienen zur Dar-
stellung der alten noch unvermauserten Federn, Striche ohne K6pfchen, aber mit
einem Punkt unter dem freien Ende bezeichnen eine ausgewachsene Jungfeder ;
“Schwingen, die noch nicht erwachsen, sind durch kiirzere Striche im richtigen
Verhiiltnis wiedergegeben. Dem Grossenverhiiltnis erwachsener Schwingen ist
hierbei nicht Rechnung getragen.” Die Ziffer0 dient zur Bezeichnung einer Liicke,
also der Stelle einer soeben ausgefallenen Feder,
Oe ee ee
( 345 )
Ich kénnte diese Beispiele aus dem mir vorliegenden Material noch betriachtlich
vermehren ; sie alle zeigen die grosse Regellosigkeit im Verlauf der Mauser, die
bald bilateral symmetrisch, bald asymmetrisch stattfindet. Fiir die Handschwingen-
mauser ergibt sich eine gewisse Tendenz zu alternierendem, ascendentem Wechsel,
die Mauser der Steuerfedern scheint nicht selten typisch centripetal sich abzuspielen
(vergl. fig. 1 und 4).
Kin 3 von Nordcachar, erlegt am 23. iii., triigt dieses zweite Jugendkleid noch
vollstindig, so dass sich daraus auf eine etwa 4-5 monatige Tragdauer schliessen
lisst. Dasselbe wird nunmehr—nach Blanford, /.c. p. 243, bei hinterindischen
Stiicken im Miirz oder April, d.h. im Alter von etwa } Jahren, gegen das
I. Brutkleid
vertauscht. Es geschieht dies auf dem Wege einer partiellen Mauser des Klein-
gefieders; das Grossgefieder und die Fliigeldeckfedern, sowie die Federn des
Unterriickens, des Biirzels und die Oberschwanzdecken werden hiervon in der
Regel nicht betroffen, ebensowenig wie die Schenkelbefiederung.
Bei diesem Wechsel treten nun, unabbiingig von Geschlecht und Localitiit,
zwei extreme Fiirbungsphasen und alle sie verbindenden Zwischenstufen auf.
(a) Die neuen Federn des Kopfes, Nackens und der Unterseite sind einfarbig
schwarz wie bei alten Vigeln (Paradoxus-Kleid). Dieser Befund scheint der
hiufigste zu sein. Belegstiicke: ¢, Hainan, 30. ix. 1902; d, Formosa, 26. iv.
1907, ete. :
(6) Das zweite Jugendkleid wird in ein ihm yollig gleiches erstes Brutkleid
vermausert. Die Existenz eines solchen Kleides ist hypothetisch, sie muss durch
die Auffindung briitender “ Jungvégel” noch erhirtet werden (Hypothetisches
Cairii-Kleid).
Sehr hiufig sind Ubergangsstufen zwischen diesen beiden Phasen; bei
ihnen sind die neuen Federn der Unterseite, des Oberkopfes und des Nackens teils
einfarbig schwarz, teils cinfarbig gelbweiss, oder aber es driickt sich der Ubergang
in der einzelnen Feder aus, die dann im basalen Teil schwarz, im apicalen weiss,
oder umgekehrt im basalen weiss, im apicalen schwarz ist, oder ferner schwarz mit
gelblichweissen resp. gelblichweiss mit schwarzen Flecken, Liings- oder Querbinden.
Solche “ gescheckte,” nicht mausernde Stiicke mochten Blasius zu der Annahme
einer Umfirbung ohne Mauser gefiihrt haben.
Bei der nach Ablauf der Brutperiode, d. h. nach 5-6 Monaten, folgenden
Mauser ins
definitive Alterskleid
werden alle Relicte des zweiten Jugendkleides abgestossen und die Hand- und
iiusseren Armschwingen durch gleichfarbige (stets ungebiinderte), die inneren, nach
der ersten Mauser schwiirzlich braunen Armschwingen dagegen bei den Formen
bengalensis and lignator durch rotlich braune, bei den iibrigen Formen durch diister
briiauliche ersetzt. Die neuen oberen Fliigeldecken besitzen bei C. 6. bengalensis
und léignator dunkel rotbraune, nicht mehr strohgelbe Schiifte, die neuen Steuer-
federn zeichnen sich durch das Fehlen eines anffiilligen hellen Endsaumes aus ;
die Federn von Oberriicken, Biirzel und die Oberschwanzdecken sind einfarbig
schwarz, blangriin reflektierend, nicht wie friiher briiuulich gebiindert ; zudem
besitzen die neuen mittleren Oberschwanzdeckfedern eine betriichtlich geringere
Liinge ; diejenigen des zweiten Jugendkleides pflegen meist bereits bei der Mauser
ins erste Brutkleid, anscheinend lingere Zeit ohne Ersatz, auszufallen—kKs
( 346 )
fehlen mir Belegstiicke zur Entscheidung der Frage, ob bei diesem Gefiederwechsel
auch das bei der ersten Altersmauser erhaltene Kleingefieder nochmals gewechselt
wird.
Bei einem d von Formosa, vom 13, v, 1907, sind die beiden ausgewachsenen
innersten linken Steuerfedern des Alterskleides um 30 mm. kiirzer als die ent-
sprechenden noch stehen gebliebenen Federn des zweiten Jugendkleides auf der
rechten Seite. Es bleibt festzustellen, ob eine geringere Lange des Alters-
schwanzes die Regel ist.
Es liegt mir ferner der folgende interessante Balg vor, der einen offenbar
anomalen Gefiederwechsel dartut: Der Vogel mausert aus einem stark abgenutzten,
mit Ausnahme der Fliigel und des Mantels einfarbig schwarzen Kleid in ein solches,
das dem normalen zweiten Jugend- resp. dem Cairii-Kleid gleicht ! Der einzige
Unterschied besteht, darin, dass die nen heryorwachsenden Steuerfedern keinen
hellen Endsaum besitzen(¢, Lombok, Juli 1896, A. Everett coll.). Vielleicht
wurde Oates dureh eiren ihnlichen Manserbalg zu der Annahme eines Winter-
d.
tM
c
2
Fia. 2.
kleides gebracht. Dass ein solches nicht besteht, wird durch den Umstand, dass
Stiicke vorliegen, die aus einem schwarzen Kleid in das andere mausern, und dass
man schwarze Vogel anch ausserhalb der Brutzeit antrifft, hinlinglich bewiesen.
Die Zahl der auftretenden Unregelmiissigkeiten ist hiermit noch nicht erschépft.
Im Darmstiidter Museum befindet sich ein sehr bemerkenswertes, durch v. Rosen-
berg gesammeltes Stiick, an dem sich einwandfrei eine Mauser aus dem ersten
Jugendkleid in das Alterskleid—mit Uberspringung des zweiten Jugendkleides—
feststellen liisst. Das Grossgefieder steht im Beginn der Manser; der noch un-
vermauserte Teil der Schwingen zeigt die fiir das erste Kleid charakteristische,
ausgeprigte schwarze Querbiinderung, wiihrend das Kleingefieder bereits zum
grossen Teil gewechselt und durch einfarbig schwarze Federn ersetzt ist !
Es ist hiernach noch der, bisher nicht mit Sicherheit yon mir festgestellte Fall
moglich, dass eine Mauser aus dem ersten Jugendkleid in ein solches stattfindet,
das zwischen dem normalen zweiten Jugendkleid und dem zuletzt veschilderten
extrem abnormen liegt.
Die obenstehende Figur mége die nicht ganz einfachen Verhiiltnisse zur Anschau-
ung bringen. Ich bezeichue darin das erste Jugendkleid mit J, das normale zweite
( 34%)
mit L (= Lepiduskleid, eine Bezeichnung, die nach der Benennung dieses Stadiums
durch Horsfield gewahlt wurde) ; ferner das abnorme zweite Jugendkleid, das dem
definitiven Alterskleide gleicht, mit A, (= Affiniskleid, abgeleitet von Centropus
affinis Horsfield, eine dem ausgefiirbten Vogel gegebene Benennung); die Bedeutung
von A, und A, ergibt sich hiernach von selbst: Es ist das gleiche Kleid nach der
zweiten resp. dritten Mauser. (, ist das Cairii-, P das Paradoxuskleid, C, das
regressive Cairii-Kleid, welches in Ausnahmefiillen dem in der Regel den definitiven
Zustand bezeichnenden Alterskleid A, folgt, Alle Schnittpunkte der Figur, die
iibereinander liegen, entsprechen gleichen Kleidern ; die horizontalen Striche stellen
den Zustand der Gefiederruhe, die sie verbindenden Linien den Mauserweg dar,
und zwar bezeichnen unter den letzteren die ausgezogenen Striche eine nach-
gewiesene, die punktierten eine hypothetische Richtung. t. M.= totale, p. M.=
partielle Mauser.
Der normale Mauserweg verbindet die Punkte J L P A;.
62. Phoenicophaés curvirostris deningeri subsp. n.
Phoenicophaes (Rhinococcyx) curvirostris, Hartert, p. 552.
3, Tegal, 1500 f., 4. iti. (Typus); 2, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 iby, tile US
6, Tegal, 1500 f., 9. iv.
Iris gelb, Fiisse dunkelgran, Oberschnabel hellgriin, Unterschnabel schwarz ;
nackte Augengegend hochrot. 5
Diese neue Form, die ich meinem verehrten Freund, Herrn Prof. Dr. K.
Deninger, dem Leiter der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition, widme, steht der
typischen, javanischen, sehr nahe, unterscheidet sich jedoch durch helleres Braun an
Kehle und Kropf und durch in der Regel helleres Grau an Oberkopf, Kopfseiten
und Kinn, 7 Exemplare von Bali mit 7 von Java verglichen.
finde ich die Iris als weiss bezeichnet (Prillwitz).
Mehrmals in Kaffeepflanzungen am Gebirgshang beobachtet. Diese Kuckucke
pflegen paarweis das Unterholz zu durchstreifen,
Bei Javastiicken
Verbreitung : Bali.
63. Cyanops armillaris armillaris (Temm.).
Cyanops armillaris, Hartert, p. 551.
229, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ?%, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 17. i;
3%, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19 i.; d%, Danau Bratan, 20.i.; ¢d, Gunung Bratan,
4000 f., 21.3.
Iris weissgelb oder weissgran; Fiisse olivgrau; Schnabel schwarz, Basis
Weissgrau.
Gemein in den Kaffeepflanzungen zwischen 2000 und 4500 f. Balinesisch :
tapok boa.
Verbreitung: Java, BaliimAuf Sumatra, Borneo und Malakka durch die
ziemlich stark differenzierte Form C. a. henricii vertreten.
64. Thereiceryx lineatus lineatus (Vieill.).
Cyanops lineata typica, Hartert, p. 551.
3, Tegal, 1500 f., 10. iv.
' Iris braun, nackte Augengegend goldgelb, Fiisse goldgelb, Schnabel rétlich
beinfarben, :
( 348 )
Sharpe vereinigt in der Handlist of Birds, vol. ii p. 185, die typische Form
mit C, /. hodgsoni (Bp.); beide sind indessen wohl unterscheidbar ; bei C. /. lineata
sind die Siiume der Federn an Kropf, Brust und Vorderbauch in der Regel wesent-
lich dunkler, und die durchschnittliche Grosse ist betrichtlich geringer, wie die
folgenden Messungen zeigen.
Fligellange in mm. :
Th. l: lineata: 113, 116, 117, 117, 122, 122.
Th. 1. hodgsoni : 120, 123, 124, 125, 125, 126, 130, 130, 130, 131, 132, 132,
134, 134, 135, 135, 136.
Die Art lebt auf Bali in Kaffeepflanzungen.
Verbreitung von Th, l. lineatus: Java, Bali. :
+ » Lh. 1. hodgsoni: Himalaya, Assam, Burma, Siam, Cambodja.
In der generischen Hinteilung der Capitoniden folge ich Blanford, Birds Brit.
Ind. vol. iti.
65, Xantholaema australis (Horsf).
Hartert, p. 551.
3%, Klampowak, 1500 f., 4. iii.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse oliv, Schnabel schwarz.
Ich traf anf Bali nur dieses eine Paar, auf einem Fruchtbaum in der Nihe
einer Ortschaft. Das ¢ warb in sonderbarer Stellung, mit steil aufgerichtetem
Schwanz, um das ?, dabei bestindig seinen einformigen, wie tuk tuk klingenden
Lockruf ausstossend.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
66, Xantholaema rosea rosea (Dumont).
Xantholaema rosea, Cat. B. vol. xix p. 57 ; Hartert, p. 551.
256, Tegal, 1500 f., 2. iii. ; ¢?, Tegal, 1500 f., 6. iii, ; %, Rendang, 1500 f.,
13. ii. ; d, Den Pasar, 17. iii. ; 3, Buleleng, 27. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse hellrot, Schnabel schwarz.
Hiufig in den Fruchtgiirten der Tiefebene und auf den Schattenbiumen der
Kaffeepflanzungen bis etwa 2000 f., meist paarweis. Sehr charakteristisch ist der
Lockruf, ein oft wiederholtes uk uk uk.
Verbreitung: S.O. Sumatra, Java, Bali. Auf den centralen Philippinen
durch X. 7. ¢ntermedia vertreten, eine Form, die von McGregor im Man. Philipp.
Birds p. 391 nicht von der typischen unterschieden wird, sich jedoch durch den
liingeren Schnabel gut kennzeichnet.
Schnabelliinge in mm, (mit den Zirkel von der Stirn bis zur Spitze des
Oberschnabels gemessen) :
Bali: 17-8, 17:8, 18-0, 18°2, 18°3, 18:8, 19°0, 19-2.
Java: 17°8, 18°0, 18:0, 18°5, 18:9, 19:0, 19:0.
Negros : 21:5, 21:5.
Guimaras ; 22-5,
San Antonio: 22:1.
67. Picus vittatus Vieill.
Gecinus vittatus, Hartert, p. 549.
?, Tjelukan Bawang, 28. iii,
Fiisse graugriinlichgelb, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel braungelb mit
hellgraner Spitze,
ee ee ee
( 349 )
Nur dieses Exemplar beobachtet. Es befindet sich im Beginne der Klein-
gefiedermanser.
Verbreitung : Java, Kangean, Bali, Sumatra (cf. Hagen, Tijdschr. Ned. Aardr.
Gen. 1890 p. 136), Malakka, Siam, Cambodja, Cochinchina. Ich vermag konti-
nentale Stiicke nicht von solchen aus Java, Kangean und Bali zu unterscheiden.
68. Dryobates analis (Horsf.).
Hartert, p. 550.
?, Buleleng, 13.1.; d, Pik von Buleleng, 17.i.; 3, Gunung Bratan, 3500 f.,
18. i.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Sehr hiinfig in der Kulturregion und im Urwald, hier bis 4500 f. beobachtet.
In Orn, Mber, 1912 p, 82 trennt Dr. Hesse die Dendrocopos analis-Form des
Continents und von Bali auf Grund vermuteter grésserer Fliigellinge als D. a.
longipennis von der Javaform ab. ; in seinen “ Kritischen Untersuchungen iiber
Piciden ” (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. vi Heft 2, 1912, p. 157) gibt er die fol-
genden Masse: Bangkok (terra typ.): 101; Bali: 99, 99°5, 99:5, 100; Java: 88
(3 juv.), 91, 92, 93, 93, 96:5, 98 mm.
Meine Bali-Exemplare messen: ¢ 93, 99 ; 2? 95 mm,
Im Brit. Mus. stellte ich ferner fest :
Java: 3 96. 2 93, 94.
Madura: 3 95.
Lampongs (Sumatra) : 2 94,
Burma: ¢ 93. 94, 96, 98. 2 96, 96, 98, 104.
Cochinchina: ¢ 93, 100. 2% 96, 101.
Siam: d 98. @ Fig IO
Im Pariser Museum mass ich :
Annam: 6 102.
Cochinchina: ¢ 9275, 96, 97, 97, 97, 97-5, 98. $ 92, 94, 96, 97-5.
Siam: ¢ 96, 98, 99, 102.
Es erscheint mir angesichts dieser bedeutenden individuellen Groéssenschwan-
kungen fraglich, ob eine Abtrennung der Continentalform auf Grund ihres anscheinend
héheren Maximum berechtigt ist, und die Entscheidung kénnte erst durch eine
grossere Serie aus Java herbeigefiihrt werden.
Verbreitung : Bali, Java, Madura, Sumatra, Burma, Annam, Cochinchina, Siam.
69. Dinopium javanense exsul Hartert.
Tiga javanensis, Cat. B. vol, xviii p. 414 ; Hartert, p. 550,
Tiga javanensis exsul Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. viii p. 51 (1901—Balli).
3, Buleleng, 13.i.; ¢, Buleleng, 12. ii.; d, Buleleng, 6. iv. ; %, Djinengdalem,
14. iv.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse dunkelgran oder grangriin, Oberschnabel schwiirzlich,
Unterschnabel dunkelgran mit schwiirzlicher Spitze.
Das ? zeigt den fiir diese wohl unterschiedene Form charakteristischen roten
Nackenfleck.
Fliigelliinge in mm.: ¢ 130, 131, 134, 134, 139; % 180, 182, 134,
Ziemlich hiinfig in der Kulturregion, seltener im Urwald an alten Stiimmen,
( 350 )
hier bis 4000 f, aufsteigend. Eine Bruthdhle, die ich in einer Kokospflanzung bei
Buleleng fand, war in einem abgestorbenen Stamm angelegt worden; das BHin-
fingsloch befand sich etwa 130 cm. iiber dem Boden. Am 12. Februar waren die
drei reinweissen Kier noch unbebriitet. Ihre Masse betragen in mm.: 26°6 x 19-5;
26°5 x 19°75 27:5 x 19°5.
Verbreitung : Bali.
Uber Dinopium Rafinesque 1814 vs. Tiga Kanp 1836 yergl. Richmond,
Auk 1909 p. 250.
70. Chrysocolaptes strictus (Horsf.).
Hartert, p. 549.
3, Tjelukanbawang, 29. iii.
Die Art scheint auf Bali selten zu sein,
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Kangean.
{71. Thriponax javensis javensis (Horsf.). |
Thriponax javensis, Hartert, p, 552.
Nov. Zool. vol. xx p. 318.
Verbreitung: Siid-Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga-Archipel, Natuna, Borneo,
Bangka, Sumatra, Java, Bali.
(72. Pitta cyanura cyanura (Bodd.). |
Euchichla cyanura, Hartert, p. 549.
Nach Doherty nicht selten im Flachland. Ich habe die Art niemals
angetroften.
Verbreitung : Jaya, Bali.
*73. Chelidon rustica gutturalis (Scop.).
13,2 22%, Buleleng, 4. iv.
Wiahrend der vier Beobachtungsmonate hiiufig in der Kulturzone, zuweilen
scharenweise auftretend,
Wintergast.
74. Muscicapula melanoleuca westermanni Sharpe.
Muscicapula westermanni, Hartert, p. 548.
3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15. i.; ¢ juv., Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 17.15
3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 19. i.; %, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 26.1.; ¢, Gunung
Bratan, 4000 f., 27.1.; ¢, Danan Bratan, 3000 f,, 29. 7.
Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Dieser hiibsche kleine Fliegenfiinger ist eine ziemlich hiiufige Nrscheinung im
Gebirgswald am Gunung Bratan oberhalb 3000 f. Uber seine Lebensweise yergl.
Nov. Zool. vol, xix p. 326.
Verbreitung : Malakka, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Wetter,
~ Timor, Celebes, Batjan, Ceram, Mindanao, Luzon, Negros.
( 351 )
75. Dendrobiastes hyperythra malayana (Grant).
Muscicapula hyperythra, Hartert, p. 548.
Dendrobiastes hyperythra malayana, Stresemann, Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 331,
$ Gunung Bratan, 4500 f., 21.1.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse hell granbraun, Schnabel schwarz.
Sehr vereinzelt im Gebirgswald am Gunung Bratan. Uber die Lebenweise
vergl. Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 327.
Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,
Flores, Celebes.
Anm.: Hartert fiihrt versehentlich in seiner Liste Siphia elegans als auf Bali
gesammelt an. Der betreffende Vogel stammt jedoch yom Gunung Ardjuno
auf Java.
76. Hypothymis azurea prophata Oberh. ?
TTypothymis azurea, Hartert, p. 549.
Hypothymis azurea prophata, Stresemann, Nov, Zool. vol, xx p. 294.
3, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse donkelgrau, Schnabel dunkelblau, Mundhohle
gelbgriin.
Ich begegnete dieser Art einige Male im Gebiisch an Lichtungen oder im
Unterholz lichten Urwaldes der Kiistenebene, wo die Vogel lanbsiingergleich
unter munterem Gezwitscher durch die Zweige schliipfen.
Verbreitung: Malakka, Nieder-Siam (?), Sumatra, Grosse Karimon-Insel,
Lingga-Archipel, Borneo, Bangka, Billiton, Java, Bali(?).
77. Rhipidura javanica Sparrm.
Hartert, p. 549.
3 Ex. von Buleleng, 11. ii., 12. ii. und 26, iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Sehr hiinfig im Gestriipp des Kulturlandes, bis etwa 3000 f. aufsteigend.
Balinesisch : petjét.
Verbreitung : Cochinchina, Tenasserim, Malakka, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali.
78. Rhinomyias umbratilis baliensis Hart.
Rhinomyias pectoralis baliensis, Hartert, p. 549.
?, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ¢, Kembangsari, 3000 f,, 10, iii.; @,
Tjelukanbawang, 26. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse gran oder weisslich blaugrau, Schnabel schwarz,
Das neue Material zeigt die Unterschiede dieser orm gegentiber der typischen
sehr deutlich :
Rh. u. umbratilis (Strickl.): Oberseite warm rétlich braun, am Kopf dunkler
und ins oliyfarbene iibergehend. Unterseite weiss ; iiber die Brust zieht sich ein
breites Band aus blassgrauen [edern, deren Spitzen, anscheinend am ausgepriig-
testen bei jiingeren Voégeln, bei den seitlichen Federn olivbraun gefiirbt sind.
Zuweilen erscheint bei jiingeren Vogeln dieses Brusthand dunkel erémefarben, und
nur die Centren der Federn sind tritb grau.
( 352 )
Rh. u. baliensis Hart.: Oberseite oliv mit geringer briiunlicher Tonung; das
sich tiber die Brust ziehende Band niemals grau, sondern einfarbig hellbraun,
zuweilen ins briiunlich olivfarbene iibergehend.
Im Tring-Mnseum befinden sich jetzt 13 Ex. von Rh. uw. wnbratilis und 9 von
Rh. u. baliensis. Es zeigt sich, dass der Grissenunterschied der Geschlechter
ziemlich betriichtlich ist: 4 ¢¢ von Bali haben eine Fliigelliinge von 76—80, 5 ? 2
eine solche von 70—72 mm, Die Nichtbeachtung dieser Tatsache hat. offenbar
Finsch veranlasst, auf Sumatra das Nebeneinanderbestehen zweier verschieden
grosser Formen anzunehmen, die er 2A, pectoralis und brunneicauda nennt.
Am gleichen Orte (Vot. Leyd. Mus. vol. xxiii p. 40) sucht der genannte Autor
die Identitit von “ Rhinomyias brunneicauda (Vorderm.)” mit Rh. pectoralis
baliensis plausibel zn machen und schliigt den “ Vordermanschen” Namen auf
Grund seiner “ Prioritiit”” vor—gegen alle ehrwiirdigen Nomenklaturregeln. Denn
Vorderman hat in Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. vol. 50, 1891, p. 460 gar keine neue
Art benennen wollen, sondern identificiert eine RAinomyias aus Billiton fiilschlich
mit Hyloterpe brunneicauda Salyad. und gibt zudem eine Beschreibung des Vogels,
aus der deutlich hervorgeht, dass es sich um FA, uw. umbratilis und nicht um
Rh. u. baliensis handelt : ‘de onderdeelen zijn wit, uitgezondert de borst, die eene
grijsachtige kleur heeft en met brownpink getint is.”
Die Art ist auf Bali anscbeinend nicht hiiufig ; ich traf sie stets vereinzelt, im
Unterholz des Urwaldes oder in Kaffeeplantagen, wo sie ein sehr verstecktes,
lichtschenes Leben fiihrt.
Verbreitung : Bali und vermutlich auch Java.
Anum.: Trichostoma umbratile Strickland 1849 = Alcippe pectoralis Salvadori
1868 (ef. W. Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1902 p. 686).
79. Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis (Swains.).
Culicicapa ceylonensis, Hartert, p. 549,
3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ¢, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 20.1.3; 3%,
Danau Bratan, 3000 f., 29. 1.
Iris dunkelbraun ; Fiisse braungelb, rotgelb oder schwarzbraun ; Oberschnabel
schwarzbraun, Unterschnabel dunkelbraan.
Ziemlich selten im Gebiresurwald zwischen 2500 f. und 3500 f., in Gesellschaft
yon Parus und anderen Muscicapiden umherstreichend,
Verbreitung : Ceylon und ganz Indien bis zum Himalaya, Burma, China
siidlich des Tsin-ling-Gebirges, Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga, Natuna, Borneo,
Java, Bali. Exemplare von Ceylon und dem Himalaya sind vielleicht dureh-
schnittlich etwas grésser als solche aus dem malayischen Archipel.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Ceylon : 63:5, 64°5, 66%.
Sikkim: 57*, 58*, 58*, 59%, 60*, 60, 60°5*, 60:5", 61", 61-5, 61-5, 62%, 62%,
625", 62:5", 62-5%, 63", 63", 64", 64, 64", 645, 65".
N.W. Borneo: 55, 56, 56*, 58*, 58*, 58*, 58-5, 59, 59°5, 60, 60*, 615, 61°,
62, 64:5.
Java : 55, 58*, 60, 60, 60°5, 62,
Bali : 57°5, 59, 60, 61, 61, 61°, 62.
w A et Aap
ie
( 353 )
*80. Cryptolopha grammiceps (Verr.).
3, Danan Bratan, 2500f., 17.1. ; d, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 26.1. ; ¢, Gunung
Bratan, 6500 f., 28. i.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse granbraun oder olivbraun, Oberschnabel schwarz,
Unterschnabel hell orange oder braungelb.
Sehr hiiufig im Urwald am Gunung Bratan oberhalb 2500 f. Wesen und Ruf
erinnert sehr an Regulus regulus. Im Gebirge Ost-Balis scheint die Art zu fehlen.
Verbreitung : Gebirge yon Java und Bali.
[81. Phylloscopus borealis examinandus subsp. n.]
Phylloscopus borealis, Hartert, p. 544.
_ Hartert hat bereits in Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 566 auf die Méglichkeit hingewiesen,
dass wir es auf den Inseln des Archipels mit zwei iiberwinternden Formen yon
_Phylloscopus borealis zu tun haben, da die von ihm untersuchten dd von Sumbawa
und Bali ein auffallend grosses Fliigelmass aufwiesen. Weiteres Material, das in-
zwischen auf den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln gesammelt wurde, scheint diese Annahme zu
bestiitigen. Die Wintergiiste in diesem Teil des Archipels sind in Durchschnitt
grosser und oberseits lebhafter griin gefiirbt als typische dorealis; in letzterem
Merkmal stimmen sie mit Pd. 6. xanthodryas iiberein, der wiederam durch gelb-
lichere Unterseite und langere erste Handschwinge, welche die Handdecken um
etwa 2mm. iiberragt (nicht kiirzer oder gleichlang ist), von Ph. b. examinandus
unterschieden ist.
Fliigellinge in mm. :
Phylloscopus borealis borealis.
Brutvogel: Oberes Lenagebiet : 3 65, 66, 67, 68, 68, 68, 70.
2 62,
Baikalsee : do 67.
SGo% :
Wintergiiste ; Molakken : 3 63, 63, 63, 64, 65, 66, 66, 66, 67, 67,
67, 67, 68, 68, 69, 69.
2 60, 60, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 64,
65, 65.
Celebes, Saleyer, Sula: 62, 62, 63, 67.
Philippinen : 61, 61, 62, 63, 67, 67, 67, 67.
Kalao : 3 68, 70.
Bunguran : 64, 64, 65, 66, 67, 67.
Malakka : ? 62, 64,
Phylloscopus borealis examinandus.
Wintergaste: Bali: 3 72, 76; sex? 65.
Sumbawa: 6 74; ¢ 605.
Flores: ¢ 71, 72; sex? 64, 65.
Alor: 2 66, sex ? 65.
Samba : 2 66.
Typus: 3, Bali, Miirz 1896, W. Doherty coll., im Tring-Museum.
Doherty traf diesen Laubsiinger im Miirz hiiufig im Flachland an, Ich sah
23
( 354 )
nur wenige Exemplare im Urwald Westbalis zwischen Schwiirmen anderer
Kleinvigel ; ein am 29. iii. erlegtes Stiick befand sich stark in der Mauser des
Kleingefieders.
82. Phylloscopus trivirgatus trivirgatus Strickl.
Cryptolopha trivirgata, Hartert, p- 549.
298, Pik von Buleleng, 3000f, 15.i.; d, Gunang Bratan, 6500 f., 26.1. ;
233, Danau Bratan, 3000 f., 29.1. ; 3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 27.1; ¢, Danau
Bratan, 3000 f., 21. iii.
Iris dankelbraun, Fiisse graublau oder dunkelgrau, Schnabel schwarz.
Der gemeinste Vogel des Gebirgsurwaldes am Gunung Bratan zwischen 3000 f.
und 6500 f. Streicht in grésseren lockeren Schwiirmen mit Muscicapiden und
Zosterops umber, ebenso das Unterholz wie die hohen Kronen durchsuchend, Im
Ostgebirge nicht beobachtet.
Verbreitung : Sumatra (?), Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa (cf. Nov. Zool.
vol. xix p. 322).
83. Saxicola caprata fruticola Horsf.
Pratincola caprata, Hartert, p. 544.
Pratincola caprata fruticola, Stresemann, Nov, Zool. vol, xix p, 321,
3, Buleleng, 10.ii.; %, Batur, 3000 f, 24.ii.; %, Kintamani, 4000 f,, 22. ii. ;
3, Buleleng, 10. iv.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
In den Reisfeldern der Kiistenzone nur hier und da in einzelnen Paaren,
dagegén iiberans hiufig an den kahlen, nur mit Griisern bestandenen Gebirgs-
hiingen Ostbalis zwischen 3500 f. und 5000 f.: hier Charaktervogel. Ende
Februar bei Kintamani in allen Altersstadien beobachtet. Der Vogel sitzt nach
Art unserer Braunkehlchen mit Vorliebe auf Pfiihlen oder Steinen, die tber die
Grasfliiche hinausragen ; fast stets sieht man die Paare beisammen. Balinesisch :
silang djana.
Verbreitung : Inselkette von Java bis Timor (vielleicht bis Babber).
Betreffs Saxicola Bechst. 1802 fiir die Gruppe der Braunkehlchen vergl.
Mathews, Nov. Zool. vol. xviii p. 20.
*84. Pachycephala melanura fulvotincta Wall.
3 juv., Gunung Bratan, 6300 f., 26.1.
Iris dunkel brannrot, Fiisse blangran, Schnabel schwarz.
Die Art, obwohl bisher noch nicht von Bali registriert, wurde hier bereits
durch Doherty in einem Exemplar (2) zwischen 2000 f. und 3000 f. gesammelt.
Sie scheint auf der Insel selten zu sein, da ich ihr nur ein einziges Mal—in der
Rhododendronzone auf dem Gipfel des Gunung Bratan—begegnet bin. Das Auf-
treten einer Pachycephala-Form aus der melunura-Gruppe jenseits der Lombokstrasse
ist von zoogeographischem Interesse ; solthe Formen feblen auf Java, Sumatra,
3orneo und den Philippinen.
Verbreitung : Alor, Pantar, Lomblen, Flores, Suambawa, Bali,
( 355 )
85. Pachycephala grisola grisola (Blyth).
Pachycephala grisola, Hartert, p. 548.
?, Tjelukan Bawang, 29. iii.
Tris braun, Fiisse dunkelgrau, Schnabel schwarz.
Auf Bali anscheinend selten.
Verbreitung - Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Andamanen, Borneo, Java, Bali,
Lombok, Kangean.
5 Exemplare des Tring-Museums von Sirhassen, die vollkommen in der Fiirbung
mit einander iibereinstimmen, unterscheiden sich von solchen anderer Herkunft
dadurch, dass der Oberkopf viel dunkler grau und der Riicken viel dunkler braun
ist, letzterer ohne eine Spur olivfarbener Ténung. Unter 29 Vergleichsexem-
plaren von der typischen Form befinden sich drei, die im Ton der Oberseite den
Sirhassenstiicken sehr nahe kommen—2 von N.W. Borneo, 1 von Lombok—diese
unterscheiden sich yon
Pachycephala grisola secedens subsp. n.
wie ich die neue Form nennen méchte, am deutlichsten durch die etwas helleren,
mehr briunlichen, weniger grauen Stirn- und Ziigelfedern.
Vielleicht ist auch die Durchschnittsgrisse von secedens etwas betriichtlicher.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Sirhassen: ¢ 84, 84:5; ? 82, 84, 84.
Andamanen : 82.
Selangor (Malakka): 80.
N.W. Borneo: 80, 82, 83, 83.
Java: 79, 79, 81, 88, 83.
Bali: ¢ 82; ? 81:5, 83.
Kangean: ¢ 81, 85; ? 81, 81, 82°5, 83.
Lombok: ¢ 81°5, 82°5, 83:5, 85, 85:5 ; % 80, 80°5, 81, SL°5.
Zur gleichen Formengruppe gehoren :
“ Pachycephala grisola brunneicauda (Salvad.),” Sumatra.
Pachycephala grisola vandepolli Finsch, Batu-Inseln.
Pachycephala grisola nesiotis (Oberh.), Simalur.
Pachycephala grisola winchelli (Bourns & Wore.), Centrale Philippinen.
Pachycephala grisola whiteheadi (Sharpe), Palawan.
Typus von P. g. secedens: 3, Sirhassen, 21.ix. 1898, A. Everett coll., im
Tring-Museum,
86. Lanius schach bentet Horsf.
Lanius bentet, Hartert, p. 547,
3, 12.i.; %, 21.i.; 2, 3. iv.—alle von Buleleng.
Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Kin sehr hiiufiger Vogel der Kulturzone, ganz nach Art unserer heimischen
Wiirger einzeln und paarweis im offenen oder mit niederem Buschwerk bestandenen
Geliinde der Insektenjagd obliegend und gern auf Telegraphendrihten ruhend. An
den waldarmen Hiingen des Ostgebirges bis 4000 f. aufsteigend (Kintamani).
Verbreitung : Malayische Halbinsel (cf. Robinson, /Hand/. Birds Mal. Penins.
1910, p. 18 Anm.), Inselkette von Sumatra bis Timor.
Die Form scheint die Tendenz zu zeigen, nach Osten zu an Grisse abzunehmen ;
(356 )
auch weisen Vogel von Timor und Alor einen dunkler rostbraunen Ton auf Unter- .
riicken und Biirzel auf als solche von Sumatra. —
Fliigelliinge in mm. (adulte Ex.) :
Sumatra: 91, 92, 92, 95.
Java: 89, 91, 92, 92, 94, 95.
Bali: 90, 90, 91, 91, 91, 92, 93.
Kangean: 86.
Lombok ; 89.
Sumbawa: 86, 86, 88, 91:5, 92, 92.
Alor: 84, 88.
Wetter : 87, 87, 87, 89, 89, 89.
Timor: 85, 87.
Kisser: 86, 86:5, 87, 88°95.
87. Lanius cristatus superciliosus Lath.
Lanius superciliosus, Hartert, p. 548.
32, 10.ii. ; 2, 5.iv.; ¢, 11. iv.—alle von Buleleng.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarzgrau, Schnabel schwarz mit hornfarbener Basis
des Unterschnabels. Bei dem letzterwiihnten alten ¢ ist die weisse Stirnfiirbung
13 mm. breit !
Ziemlich hiiufig in der Region der Reisfelder. Aufenthalt und Benehmen wie
bei Lanius schach bentet.
Verbreitung: Bratvogel in Japan ; scheint hauptsiichlich auf der Malayischen
Halbinsel und den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln yon Bali bis Sumba zu wherwintern,
Lanius cristatus lucionensis 1., der diese Form als Brutvogel in China vertritt,
besucht auch getrennte Winterquartiere: die Philippinen und Celebes, sowie
vereinzelt Halmahera und Ceram. Nur auf Malakka scheinen beide Unterarten |
im Winter nebeneinander vorzukommen,
88. Hemipus obscurus (Horsf.).
Hartert, p. 548.
3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f, 16.i.; 2, Danau Bratan, 2500 f, 17.1.5; %,
Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 20.1; ¢, Pik von Buleleng, 2500 f., 21.1; ?, Gitgit,
2500 f., 1. ii; 2, Gitgit, 1500 f., 21. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Hiiufig im Urwald, von der Kiistenebene bis etwa 4000 f, aufwiirts, in Gesell-
schaft von Parus, Pericrocotus und Muscicapiden umherstreichend. Das Benehmen
ist vollig muscicapidenartig: sie “schniippen” ihre Beute im Flug von einem
exponierten Ast aus.
Verbreitung: Malakka, Lingga-Archipel, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali,
89. Graucalus javensis (Horsf.).
Hartert, p. 548.
3, Gunung Bratan, 4500 f., 21.1; ¢, Kubuabang, 3500 f,, 10. iii.; ¢, Tegal,
1500 f., 9. iv.
Iris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Nicht selten in kleinen Gesellschaften im Urwald bis etwa 4500 f,, mit Vorliebe
( 357 )
auch in den Schattenbiumen der Kaffeepflanzungen. Durch ihr lautes, papagei-
artiges Geschrei, das vornehmlich wihrend des raschen Fluges ausgestossen wird,
fallen diese Vogel sofort auf. Balinesisch : kodak-kodak.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
90. Pericrocotus peregrinus (L.).
Hartert, p. 548.
3 u. ? juv., 26. ili. ; d u. 2 2 2, 27. iii—alle von Tjelukan Bawang.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Bei Tjelukan Bawang hiiufig in kleinen Trupps auf einzelstehenden Biumen
am Strande. Das junge Exemplar, dessen Steuerfedern noch im Wachstum begriften
sind, wurde am 26. ili. noch gefiittert.
Verbreitung: Ceylon, Vorderindien, Nordindien, Burma, Indo-China, Anda-
manen, Borneo, Java, Bali.
91. Pericrocotus flammeus exsul Wall.
Pericrocotus exsul, Hartert, p. 548.
6 ¢, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15.i.; ¢, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 19.i.;
2, Tjelakan Bawang, 26. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Hiiufig im Urwald, aber in niederen Lagen spiirlicher als im Gebirge. Streicht
in kleinen lockeren Gesellschaften umher, meist in bunter Gemeinschaft mit Musci-
eapiden und Parus. Hin Pericrocotus-Trupp hat in seinem Wesen viel Abnlichkeit
mit einem Schwanzmeisenschwarm im deutschen Winter.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok.
*92. Lalage fimbriata fimbriata (Temm.).
3, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 17. i.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Anf Bali offenbar selten. Ich traf nur ein einziges Mal ein Paar auf einem
hohen Urwaldbaum an.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali. Auf Sumatra, Borneo und Malacca durch die nahe
verwandte L. f. culminata vertreten.
93. Lalage nigra timorensis (8S. Miill.).
Lalage timoriensis, Cat, B. vol. iv p. 95 ; Hartert, p. 548.
3, Buleleng, 23.i.; $, Buleleng, 10.ii.; 3, Tjelukan Bawang, 26.iii; 2,
Buleleng, 2. iv. ; d, Buleleng, 3. iv.
Tris dankelbraun, Fiisse grauschwarz oder schwarz, Schnabel schwarz.
- Nicht hiiufig in der Kulturzone, bis etwa 1500 f. aufsteigend. Den Lieblings-
anfenthalt dieser Art bilden freistehende Biiume zwischen Reisfeldern; ihr Betragen
hat gewisse Ahnlichkeit mit dem von Wiirgern.
Ob die Form anf den éstlich von Timor gelegenen Inseln durchschnittlich
gréssere Dimensionen erreicht, kann nur durch grosse Serien festgestellt werden.
( 358 )
Meyer und Wiglesworth haben diese Vermutnng in den Birds of Celebes, vol. ti
p. 429, ausgesprochen.
Fliigelliinge in mm. (do ad.):
Bali: 92, 93, 95, 95.
Lombok : 91°5, 92, 93.
Sumbawa: 93, 93, 93, 95, 99.
Sumba: 88, 92, 94, 95, 98.
Sava: 91.
Alor: 92°5.
Wetter: 94, 95-5, 98.
Timor: 92°5, 95, 98 [Meyer].
Djampea: 90.
Kalao : 90
Saleyer: 89.
Siid-Celebes : 90, 90, 90 [M], 92 [M], 92 [M], 93:5, 95 [M].
Binungko : 92, 95.
Kisser : 93°5, 95, 97, 100 [M].
Letti: 93:5, 97.
Moa: 94, 97, 98:5, 100°5.
Luang : 95, 97.
Sermatta: 94°5, 98.
Babber : 95.
Vergl. ferner Finsch, Not. Leyd. Mus, vol. xxii p. 201.
Lalage nigra (Forster 1781) muss fiir Lalage terat anct. eintreten, cf. Ober-
holser, Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol. 60, No. 7, p. 15 Anm.
94. Aegithina tiphia scapularis (Horsf.).
Hartert, p. 546.
3, Baleleng, 12.ii.; ¢¢, Lumbanan, 600 f., 13.ii.; %, Tjelukan Bawang,
25. iii.; ?, Buleleng, 5. iv.
Iris weissgrau oder weiss, Fiisse blaugran oder dunkelgrau, Oberschnabel
schwarz oder grauschwarz, Unterschnabel dunkelgrau mit schwarzer Spitze.
Hanfig in der Kiistenebene, besonders in der Niihe des Strandes ; im Gebiisch
oder in dichten Baumkronen lebend und mit Vorliebe in Fruchtgiirten sich auf-
haltend, Balinesisch : Kapotyjet.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
95. Criniger gularis balicus subsp. n.
Criniger gqularis, Hartert, p. 546.
3, Gitgit, 2000 f., 2. ii. ; ¢, Buleleng, 5. iv.; sex ?, Gitgit, 1500 f., 20. iii.
Tris rotbraun, Fiisse hellbraun oder graubraun, Oberschnabel grauschwarz,
Unterschnabel hellgrau.
Die balinesische Form steht der javanischen sehr nahe, unterscheidet sich
aber durch briiunlichere Ohrdecken, helleren Ziigel und bedeutendere Durch-
schnittsgrésse.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bali: 100, 102, 103, 106, 108, 110.
(359 )
West- und Mittel-Java : 91,93, 94, 95, 95, 96°5, 97, 98, 98.5, 101, 102, 102, 104.
Typus: 3, Gitgit (Bali), 2. ii, 1911, E. Stresemann coll. No. 222.
Vereinzelt in dichtem Gestriipp der Kulturzone, an den gleichen Localitiiten,
die Pycnonotus goiavier analis bevorzugt. Bei Gitgit stellten sich diese Vogel mit
Vorliebe auf einem Baum ein, dessen kleine Beerenfriichte sie frassen.
Verbreitung : Bali.
*96, Microtarsus melanocephalos melanocephalos (Gm.).
?, Tjelukan Bawang, 30. iii.
Tris dunkelblau, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Nur bei Tjelukan Bawang, nahe dem Strande, beobachtet ; hier vereinzelt im
dichtesten Dorngestriipp. Lockruf ein zartes piep piep wie derjenige junger Hiihner,
die nach Futter rufen.
Verbreitung : Ost-Bengalen, Burma, Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Palawan,
Sumatra, Java, Bali.
*97. Pycnonotus bimaculatus tenggerensis (v. Oort).
Crocopsis bimaculatus tenggerensis van Oort, Not, Leyd. Mus. vol. xxxvi p. 46 (1911—Tengger-
Gebirge in Ostjava).
3, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 16.i.; ¢, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 17.1.; 2, Danau
Bratan, 2500 f., 20.i.; 2, Kintamani, 4000 f., 22. ii.
Tris dunkelbrann, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Die Balivégel stimmen vollkommen mit 4 ostjavanischen des Tring-Museums
(vom Gunung Ardjuno und Tosari) iiberein und unterscheiden sich von 9 Exem-
plaren aus Westjava (vom Gunung Gedé und G. Guntur), durch weniger lebhaftes
Gelb der Ohrdecken, etwas weniger intensives Griin des Riickens und stumpfere
Tonung der gelbgriinen Aussensiiume an den Schwingen.
Anf Bali ist die Art hiiufig im Gebirge zwischen 2500 und 4000 f.; sie bevorzugt
Lichtungen im Urwald, Kaffeepflanzungen oder Dickichte in Wasserrissen, wie
sie sich an den sonst kahlen Hiingen des Ostgebirges finden.
Verbreitung : Ostjava, Bali.
98. Pycnonotus goiavier analis (Horsf.).
Pycnonotus analis, Hartert, p. 546.
3, Marga, 1000 f., 20. iii. ; du. juv., Buleleng, 6. iv.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Der gemeinste Vogel der Kulturzone, itberall dort in grosser Anzahl, wo sich
Gestriipp findet. Im waldarmen Ostgebirge steigt die Art bis 3000 f. empor und
kommt bei Batur (3000 f.) neben Pycnonotus bimaculatus tenggerensis vor, der ihn
im iibrigen vertikal vertritt. Die ersten belegten Nester fand ich kurz nach dem
Hinsetzen der Trockenperiode, am 5. Miirz. Sie werden nach Goldammerart in
Hecken und Dornbiischen angelegt und sind dort leicht zu finden.
(a) Tamblang, 5. iii., mit 2 Hiern ; ziemlich lose aus Zweigstiickchen, Ranken
und Fasern gebaut, mit miissig stark vertiefter Mulde. Am Nestrand sind Fetzen
einer Schlangenhaut und Reste von Puppenkokons befestigt. Héhe 60, Breite 100,
Napftiefe 45, Napfweite 60 mm.
(4) Tjelukan Bawang, 29. iii., mit 2 Hiern; sehr sorgfiltig aus diinnen
( 360 )
Zweigchen und hellbraunen Fasern, die vermutlich von einer Palmenart stammen,
gedreht. Héhe 50, Breite 110, Napftiefe 30, Napfweite 60 mm..
(c) Tjelukan Bawang, 29. iii, mit 2 Hiern; sehr lose aus dem gleichen Material
wie ) gebant. Hihe-50, Breite 120, Napftiefe 35, Napfweite 60 mm.
(d) Tjelukan Bawang, 25. iii, mit 2 Eiern; ziemlich fest und dicht aus
Zweigstiickchen und Ranken erbaut und mit Grasstielen ausgelegt. Héhe 65,
Breite 100, Napftiefe 35, Napfweite 60 mm.
Das Gelege scheint in der Regel aus 2 Hiern zu bestehen ; dieselben messen
in mm. :
(a) 28:5 x 172; 23°6 x 171.
(6) 23:6 x 16:9 ; 23°9 x 16°.
(c) 243 x 17-7.
(dy) 257 x 162.
(c) 22-2 x 165; 23:9 x 168
Die Hier sind yon weisser, schwach rétlich getinter Grundfarbe, mit zahlreichen
blassgrauen Schalenflecken versehen und iiber und iiber besit- mit dunkel briiun-
lichroten Pankten und Flecken, die nach dem stumpfen Pol zu dichter zu stehen
pflegen und sich dort bei.zwei Eiern zu einem Kranz anordnen, Bei dem Ei d
sind die Flecken blasser, feiner und fast gleichmiissig iiber das Hi verteilt.
Uber Nest und Hier dieser Art aus Java vergl. A. B. Meyer, Sitzwngsber. u.
Abh. Nat. Ges. Isis 1884 p. 45.
Verbreitung : Indo-China, Tenasserim, Malakka, Borneo, Bangka, Billiton,
Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok.
99. Pomatorhinus montanus montanus Horsf.
Pomatorhinus montanus, Hartert, p. 544.
3 Ex., Pik von Buleleng, 2500—3000f., 16. i.; %, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 20. i. ;
36, Gunung Bratan, 4500 f., 21.7.
Iris gelbweiss, Fiisse braunoliv oder grauoliv, Schnabel dunkelgelb, Basalhalfte
der Oberschnabelfirste schwiirzlich.
Sehr hiiufig im Urwald am Gunung Bratan, zwischen 2500. und 5000 f, zuweilen
in kleinen Gesellschaften auftretend, die ziinkisch und laut lirmend durchs
Unterholz sehliipfen. Der Ruf dieser Art ist sehr leicht kenntlich.
Verbreitung: Java, Bali.
nichste Verwandte diirften als Angehérige der gleichen Formengruppe anzusehen
sein.
Pliigelliinge in mm..:
Bali: 85, 85, 85°5, 90, 90, 93, 94, 96.
Ost-Jayva : 86, 87, 89, 94.
West-Java: 87, 88.
100. Turdinus sepiarius (Horsf.).
Hartert, p. 544.
6, Tjelukanbawang, 26. iii.
Iris dunkel rotbraun, Fiisse hellgrau, Oberschnabel grauschwarz, Unterschuabeb
hellgrau.
Ich traf diese Art vereinzelt im dichten Unterholz des Urwaldes der Kitsten-
P. borneensis sowie P. schisticeps und dessen-
( 361 )
ebene an, wo sie bei Hintritt der Abenddimmerung lant liirmend dicht iiber dem
Boden umherfliegt. Dohertys Exemplar stammt aus einer Hohe von 2000—3000 f.
Verbreitung: Bali, Java, Malakka (cf. Hartert, Vov. Zool. 1902 p, 563).
101. Cyanoderma melanothorax (Temm.).
Hartert, p. 544.
3, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19.i1.; ?, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 27.1; ¢, Gitgit,
2000 f., 2. ii.
Tris dunkelbraun ; Fiisse gelblich grau, griin- oder grau-oliv ; Schnabel dunkel-
grau, Oberschnabel dunkler.
Nicht selten, meist zu mehreren, an lichten Stellen des Gebirgsurwaldes in
dichtem Buschwerk, das sie zaunkénigartig durchschliipfen. Der Ruf ist ein lautes
Schnurren.
Verbreitung: Java, Bali.
*102. Myiophoneus cyaneus (Horsf.).
$2, Batur, 3000 f., 1. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.—Vollkommen mit einer Serie
aus Westjava iibereinstimmend. Fliigel: ¢ 145, $ 135 mm.
Auf Bali anscheinend selten. Ich beobachtete die Art nur ein einziges Mal in
einer Kaffeepflanzung.
Verbreitung: Java, Bali.
[103. Brachypteryx leucophrys (Temm.). |
Hartert, p. 544.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor (Hellmayr in litt.).
[104. Enicurus leschenaulti leschenaulti (Vieill.). |
Enicurus leschenaulti, Hartert, p. 544.
Ich beobachtete diese Art mehrmals bei Gitgit und einmal bei Tjelukanbawang
an rasch fliessenden Gebirgsbiichen. Der Ruf ist, dem Pfiff von Alcedo ispida
iihnlich und wird gleichfalls wiihrend des raschen Fluges ausgestossen, wobei der
Vogel niedrig itiber dem Wasser dahinschiesst. Man sieht die Art hiiufig bachstel-
zengleich auf grossen Blécken laufen, die aus dem Wasser hervorragen, dabei wie
Motacilla boarula mit dem langen Schwanz wippend ; doch hiilt sie sich zuweilen
auch im dichten Ufergebiisch auf.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali. In Sikkim, Bhutan, Burma und dem nérdlichen
Tenasserim durch Z. 2. indicus, in Borneo durch &. 1. borneensis vertreten.
*105. Megalurus palustris Horsf.
3, Kutadalem, 4500 f., 2. iii.; ¢, Tjelukanbawang, 31. ili.
Iris hellbraun resp. lebhaft braun ; Fiisse hellbraun resp. briiunlich fleisch-
farben; Oberschnabel braunschwarz, Unterschnabel dunkelgrau.—Fliigel 95,
98 mm.
- Binige Male beobachtete ich diese Art in offenem Geliinde in kleinen Trupps,
die yon Busch zu Busch zogen.
( 362 )
Verbreitung : Nord-Indien und Burma ; Java und Bali; Philippinen.—Conti-
nentale Stiicke scheinen sich durch einen in der Regel dunkel rétlichbraunen Ton der
Kopfplatte auszuzeichnen, die bei Exemplaren vom Archipel briiunlich sandfarben
zu sein pflegt. Doch findet man nicht selten auch das umgekehrte Verhalten.
*106. Cisticola exilis Vig. & Horsf.
2 36, Buleleng, 3. iv.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse blass fleischfarben, Oberschnabel dunkelbraun, Unter-
schnabel hell griiulich fleischfarben mit dankler Spitze.
Die Art kommt an den gleichen Localitiiten wie Cisticola cisticola fuscicapilla
vor; sie ist hiufig in den Reisfeldern der Kiistenebene und in den weiten Allang-
allang-Flichen des Ostgebirges, hier bis 5000 f. aufsteigend.
Es ist seit Oates (Birds Brit. Burma, vol. i, Mirz 1883, p. 117) bekannt, dass
wir bei Cisticola ewilis vier verschiedene Kleider zu unterscheiden haben : (1) das-
jenige des o zur Brutzeit mit einfarbigem hell rostbraunem Oberkopf und kurzem
Schwanz; (2) das Brutkleid des %, das sich von dem gleichzeitigen des &
hauptsiichlich durch die dunklen Federcentren des Oberkopfes und den etwas
lingeren und stirker gestuften Schwanz unterscheidet ; (3) das ausserhalb der
Brutzeit getragene sog. Winterkleid, in dem bei beiden Geschlechtern der Oberkopf
grau erscheint und der Schwanz eine um vieles betrichtlichere Linge besitzt ;
(4) das Jugendkleid mit gestreiftem Oberkopf und gelblicher, nicht weisslicher oder
rostlicher, Unterseite.
Wir kennen im Archipel keine zweite weitverbreitete Art, die durch ihr Kleid
so deutlich ihre Brutzeit verriete, und beim Vergleich der Stiicke, die im gleichen
Monat auf verschiedenen Inseln erlegt wurden, ergeben sich einige bemerkenswerte
Tatsachen.
a, Es befinden sich im vollen Bruthleid.
Victoria: 15. xii., 2; 15. i., d—Nord-Queensland : 30. xii., od.
New South Wales: 25. vi., d—Nord-Australien : 24.1.,¢; 9. u. 17. xii, 3d.
Brit. Neu-Guinea: 3. ix., d; 1. vii, d; 3. xii, 2; 30. xii, d; 31. xii, &.
Deutsch Neu-Guinea: 17. x., 25 23.1. 2.
Neu-Hannover: 11. ii., 3.
Goodenough-Insel : 11. xii., 3.
Burn: &., de8 Ot, os edutlne ners led silo <
Celebes : Indrulaman, x., ¢.
Kalidupa: 1., 2., 4.,9.1, 06.
Sermata: 18. vi., ? (stark abgenutzt).
Flores: xi.,2 dd.
Bali: 3.iv.,2 dd.
Lombok: vi., ? (stark abgenutzt),
Manilla: 5. iv., 3. Samar: 14. vi, 3.
vii., d.
Sulu-Archipel : 23., 30., 30. iv., dd.
Panay: 14. i, ?.——Luzon :
b. Es befinden sich im vollen “ Winterkleid.”
Brahmagherries (Indien): 11. u. 14, ii, ¢6¢———Bengalen : 10. ii., ?.
Timor: viii. (ganz frisch).
Leti: 2., 4, 8. xi; 17., 23., 23. 23. 24. xii,
:
( 363 )
Roma: 17., 31. vii.; 9., 11., 11., 14. 15. viii.
Babber: 13. viii. ; 4., 15. ix.
Moa: 28. xi.
Neupommern : vi., d.
Brit. Neu-Guinea: 14. vi, ?.
c. Es mausern aus dem Winterkleid ins Bruthleid.
Nord-Australien : 15. xi., d (Kleingefieder [K] vermansert, centrales Steuer-
federpaar soeben erneut, aber noch nicht ausgewachsen [mausert], die iibrigen
Steuerfedern [St.] sind noch die des Winterkleides ; 5. Handschwinge [von aussen]
mausert).
Brit. Neu-Guinea : 5. vii., ? (K. vermansert, St. noch nicht vermausert) ; 6. vii.,
? (K. verm., alle St. fehlen bis auf 4 alte); 11. vii., ? (K. verm., St. noch nicht),
Deutsch Neu-Guinea: 17. x., d (K. verm., drittes St-Paar von aussen
mausert).
Celebes : Dongala, viii.,d (K. verm., diusserstes St.-Paar und die beiden diussersten
Handschwingen [H.] mausern). Bonthain-Pik : viii., d (K. verm., centr. St.-Paar
in d. Blutkielen, ebenso das 6. H.-Paar.). Indrulaman : ix., d (K.u. St. verm. ;
1., 2. u. 3. H. mansern). Tawaya: ix., d (K. verm., centr. St.-Paar in den
Blatkielen).
Kalidupa: 4.1, ? (K. und St. verm., 2. H.-Paar mausert).
d. Hs mausern aus dem Brutkleid ins Winterhleid.
Timor: vii. (K. u. St. verm. ; die iiussersten H. mausern).
Nord-Australien : 21. v., ¢ (K. und St. verm.; die 2 diussersten H. mansern).
Buru: 25.11, 2 (K. noch im Brutkleid; centr. St.-Paar in d. Blutkielen der
Winterfedern).
Roma: 6. viii. (in vollem Winterkleid, nur die Federn des Oberkopfes im
Wechsel, die nachwachsenden mit schwarzen Centren) ; 25. viii. (in vollem Winter-
kleid, nur das Kehlgetieder und die 1. u. 2. H. noch mausernd).
e. Es befinden sich im ersten Jugendhleid.
Lombok, vi.; Buru, 11. und 26. ii.
f. Es befindet sich im Jugendhleid und mausert die Steuerfedern.
N.W. Australien : 17. iii. (3. St.-P. von aussen in den Blutkielen).
Zur Beurteilung der vorstehend verzeichneten Manserstadien sei bemerkt, dass
Cisticola exilis nach typischer Passerinenart die Stenerfedern centrifugal, die Hand-
schwingen descendent wechselt.
Diese Daten lassen, so spiirlich sie auch sind, doch schon einige Wahrschein-
lichkeitsschliisse auf die ungefiihre Ausdehnung der Brutzeit in verschiedenen
Gebieten zu :
Australien : November—Miirz.
Neu-Guinea und Bismarck-Archipel : etwa Juli oder August—Februar (vergl.
Dahl, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. i, Heft 3, p. 221; Heinroth, 7 O. 1903 p. 87).
Bura: Oktober—Februar oder Miirz.
Inseln zwischer Babber und Timor (inel.) : Jan. (?)—Juni.
Flores bis Bali: vielleicht November—J uni.
( 364 )
Philippinen und Sula-Archipel : Januar—Jnuii.
Celebes und Kalidupa : Oktober—(?)
[ Brit. Indien : Mai—November, ef. Oates, d.c., p. 117.]
*107. Cisticola cisticola fuscicapilla Wall.
3, Buleleng, 12. ii.
Iris hellbraun, Fiisse hell gelbbraun, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel
hellbraun.—Brutkleid.
Verbreitung : Inselkette von Bali und Kangean bis Moa; Celebes, Peling;
Java (?)
108. Orthotomus sepium sepium Horsf.
Orthotomus sepium, Hartert, p. 545,
?, Buleleng, 11. ii.
Iris und Fiisse hell braungelb, Oberschnabel braun, Unterschnabel gelblich.
Haufig im Gestriipp der Kulturzone, bis etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend.
Verbreitung: Java, Madura, Bali, Lombok. Auf Sumatra, Borneo und Malacca
durch die nahestehende Form Orthotomus sepium cineraceus Blyth vertreten.
“109. Phyllergates cucullatus cucullatus (Temm.).
Nov. Zool. vo). xix p. 341.
? (?), Danau Bratan, 2500 f, 18. i.
Nicht selten im Gebiet des Gunung Bratan zwischen’ 2500 und 6500 f.,
paarweis in dichtem Gestriipp oder zwischen den verworrenen abgestorbenen Asten
und Zweigen gestiirzter Urwaldriesen lebend. Die Art, einer der besten und
auffiilligsten Siinger der Gebirgsregion, sang auf Bali ganz die gleiche Strophe wie
im Gebirge von Perak. Der Warnruf besteht in einem lauten, raschen, zaunkénig-
artigen Schnurren.
Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Borneo, Luzon, Java, Bali.
110. Prinia familiaris Horsf.
Hartert, p. 545.
1 Ex., Buleleng, 11. ii.; ¢, Buleleng, 12. ii.; 1 Ex., Buleleng, 26. iii.; 3,
Tjelukanbawang, 27. iii.; ?%, Buleleng, 3. iv.
Iris rotbraun (ad.) oder hellbraun (juv.), Fiisse blass fleischfarben, Schnabel
schwarz, bei juv. der Unterschnabel hell gelbbraun. Gemein in Buschdik-
kichten der Kiistenzone. Schéner lauter Gesang. Der Schwanz wird hiinfig steil
aufgerichtet und ficherformig ausgebreitet, wie bei Troglodytes.
Am 25. und 29. iii. fand ich 2 Nester bei Tjelukanbawang. Sie waren in dichtem
Gestriiuch verborgen und besitzen die folgende Gestalt :
Nest a sehr tief sackfirmig, Mulde 83 mm. tief und 45 mm. breit, oben offen,
aber durch ein breites Blatt iiberdacht ; Wand diinn, sehr sorgfiltig aus Grasrispen
und. wenigen feinen Wiirzelchen verflochten. Das Nest hiingt in einem grosslaubigen
Zweig, dessen Blitter rings an die Nestwand “angeniiht” sind, dasselbe haltend
und vollig verbergend.
Nest 4 aus den gleichen Materialien geflochten wie das vorige, aber aussen
nT ete, 2.
( 365 )
nicht mit Blittern verniht. Gestalt die eines miissig tiefen Beutels mit seitlichem
Eingang.
Gelege a: 3 Hier. Dimensionen: 177x126; 17°3x127; 171x125 mm.
Gelege 6: 2 Hier. Dimensionen: 184x124; 17-7 x12°8 mm.
Die Hier sind sehr diinnwandig, besitzen einen matten Glanz und sind von zarter,
sehr hell blauer Farbe, ohne Fleckung.
Uber Nester und Hier dieser Art vergl. ferner Bernstein, .f O. 1859 p. 263.
Verbreitung : Bali, Java, Sumatra (?).
*111. Horeites montana (Horsf.).
4, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 19. i.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse hell gelbbrann, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel
gelbrot. Das Exemplar zeigt véllize Ubereinstimmung mit Stiicken von Java
(Gunung Ardjuno, 7500—10,000 f., und Tosari, 6000 f.; ef. Hartert, Nov. Zool.
vol. iii p. 538) und Lombok. Auf letztgenannter Insel wurden 2 Stiick durch
Doherty in 4000—6000 f. Hihe gesammelt, die in Harterts Liste in Nov. Zool.
vol. iii pp. 555-65 nicht enthalten sind.
Nicht selten im Gebiet des Gunung Bratan zwischen 2500 und 4000 f, im
Gebiisch an Lichtungen, besonders im Bambusgestriipp. Der Vogel trigt mit
heller lanter Stimme, die ganz an die eines Phylloscopus erinnert, sehr exact die
Strophe von Fringilla coelebs vor. Solitiir lebend.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok.
112. Copsychus saularis amoenus Horsf.
Cat. B. vol. vii p. 66 ; Hartert, p. 544. ;
+g, 12.1; do, 13.i.; 2, 11.iv—alle von Buleleng.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Die Balivégel sind, wie Hartert bereits erwiihnt hat, typische amoenus mit
vollkommen blaumetallischer (¢) resp. dunkelaschgraner (?) Unterseite, nur die
hintersten Flankenfedern und die Unterschwanzdecken weisen teilweise weisse
Spitzen anf. Ich habe auf Bali kein einziges Exemplar mit weissem Bauch
gesehen.
Hin hiufiger Vogel, vorzugsweise in den Ortschaften und in Fruchtgiirten. Bis
etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend. Balinesisch : tulung-tulung.
Verbreitung : Borneo, Ost-Java, Balii—Die dunkelbiinchige Form ist anf Java
offenbar auf den Osten beschrinkt, wiihrend C. s. musicus itber die ganze Insel
verbreitet zu sein scheint, da Bartels (Nat. Vijdschr. Ned, Ind. yol. 51 p. 153) sie
auch fiir Soerabaja angibt. Bastarde beider oder Ubergangsstadien sind auf Java
und Borneo anscheinend hinfig.
[113. Geocichla citrina rubecula Gould. |
Geocichla rubecula, Hartert, p. 543.
Verbreitung: Java, Bali.
{Turdus sp. ?. |
Hine Drossel mit dunkelbrauner Oberseite und hellerer, offenbar dunkel
gefleckter Unterseite beobachtete ich mehrfach im Gebirgswald am Gunung
Bratan zwischen 3000 und 6500 f. ; besonders hiinfig war sie in den Rhododen-
( 366 )
dronbiischen auf dem Gipfel des genannten Berges, doch vermochte ich zwei erlegte
Stiicke im Pflanzengewirr des Steilhanges nicht zu finden. Vielleicht handelt es
sich um Turdus varius horsfieldi (Bp.), der von Java und Lombok bekannt ist.
114. Artamus leucorhynchus (L.) subsp.
Artamus leucogaster, Cat, B, vol. xiii p. 7; Hartert, p. 547.
Nov. Zool. vol, xx. p. 291,
?, Buleleng, 12.i.; 2, Buleleng, 15. i.
Tris dunkelbraun, Fiisse dunkelgrau, Schnabel blaugrau.
Sehr hiiufig in der Kulturzone bis etwa 2500 f.
115. Parus major cinereus Vieill.
Parus atriceps, Hartert, p. 545.
3, Pik von Buleleng, 15.i.; d 2, Ganung Bratan, 4000 f., 30.1. :
Tris dunkelbrann, Fiisse graublau oder hellgrau, Schnabel schwarz.
Hiinfig in den Kronen der Urwaldbiiume, von der Kiistenzone bis 6500 f.
Viele Stimmiiusserungen dieser Form gleichen vollkommen denjenigen von Parus
major major.
Verbreitung : Himalaya yon Simla bis Bhutan, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim,
Malacca, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Sumba.
*116. Zosterops palpebrosa neglecta Seeb.
Nov. Zool. vol. xix p. 346.
?, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 26.i.; d, Gunung Bratan, 6500 f., 28.1; ¢, Batur,
3500 f., 24. ii1.; 2, Kintamani, 4000 f., 25.i1. ; 1 Ex., Gunung Batur, 3500 f., 26. 11.
Iris weiss oder weissgrau, Fiisse dunkelgrau oder schwarzgrau, Oberschnabel
schwarz, Unterschnabel hellgrau mit schwarzer Spitze.
Charaktervogel der Kasuarinenwaldungen (Casuarina montana Leschen.); als
solcher gemein im Vulkangebirge des Ostens bei Kintamani und am Gunung Batur,
yon etwa 3500 f. an aufwiirts, in grossen Fliigen zwitschernd von Baumkrone zu
Baumkrone ziehend ; im Centralgebirge traf ich ihn nur auf dem mit Kasuarinen
gekronten Gipfel des Gunung Bratan, bei 6500 f.
Verbreitung : Gebirge von Ost-Java, Bali, Lombok und Flores, oberhalb 3000 f.
117. Oreosterops javanica elongata subsp. n.
Zosterops fallax, Hartert, p. 546.
3, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 17.4; 2¢¢, 2 2%, Gunung Bratan, 4000 und
6500 f., 20., 27., 28. und 30, 1.
Tris lebhaft braun oder dunkel rotbraun, Fiisse grauoliv, Schnabel schwarz.
In der Fiirbung stimmen die Balivégel vollkommen mit O. 7. frontalis (Rehb.)
iiberein ; sie unterscheiden sich jedoch durch auffallend liingere Schniibel.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
West-Java: 60, 60°5, 62, 62, 62°5, 68, 63.
Bali; 62, 62, 62:5, 64, 64, 66.
( 367 )
Schnabelliinge in mm. (vom Beginn der Stirnbefiederung an mit dem Zirkel
gemessen) :
West-Java: 10:2, 10°3, 10°5, 10°5, 10:8, 10:8, 10°8, 11-0.
Bali; 11°5, 12-0, 12-0, 12-0, 120, 12:0, 12-2, 12:8.
Typus: 3, Gunung Bratan (Bali), 4000 f, 27. 1.1911, E. Stresemann coll.
No. 211.
Ich méchte “ Zosterops javanica” und “ Zosterops frontalis” als geographische
Varianten einer Art ansprechen, obwohl sie auf einigen Bergen West-Javas neben-
einander vorkommen ; es ist indessen die letztere Form offenbar ganz auf den
Westen beschrankt, wihrend die erstere im Gebirge der Osthiilfte hiiufig ist, im
Westen dagegen nur vereinzelt anfzntreten scheint—was dafiir sprechen diirfte, dass
sie erst neuerdings in das Gebiet von /rontalis eingewandert ist. Will man sie
jedoch spezifisch trennen (cf. van Oort, Not. Leyd. Mus. vol. 34 p. 48), so muss dies
folgerichtig auch mit “ Copsychus musicus” und “ Copsychus amoenus” geschehen,
da sie im Osten Javas nebeneinander leben (vide antea).
Die Art ist auf Bali ein sehr hiiufiger Gebirgsvogel von 3000 f. an aufwiirts.
Sie halt sich, im Gegensatz zu den Arten des Genus Zosterops s. s., die ich
za beobachten Gelegenheit hatte (7. neglecta, stalheri, foghaénsis, buruensis,
obstinata), mit Vorliebe in dichtem Buschwerk auf, das sie unter trigen Spriingen
dorchsucht. Ihre Stimmiiusserangen sind ziemlich mannigfach: der Gesang
erinnert entfernt an den von Acanthis carduelis, der Lockruf ist ein finkenartiges
pink, im Flug lisst sie einen klirrenden Ruf héren. Im Kropf fand ich Reste
von Kérnernahrung.
Verbreitung : Bali.
*118. Dicaeum minullum sollicitans Hart.
2464 (mit stark entwickelten Hoden), Gitgit, 2000 f., 13. ii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Die beiden Stiicke stimmen mit dem Typus und einem zweiten Exemplar des:
Tring-Museums von West-Java ziemlich gut iiberein, unterscheiden sich aber
dadurch, dass die Ziigelgegend nicht gelblich weiss gefiirbt ist, sondern beim
einen Exemplar triib grauweiss, beim anderen hell oliv und kaum von der Firbung
des Oberkopfes verschieden. Doch zeigen sich nach van Oort (Not. Leyd. Mus.
vol. 34 p. 50) auch Javaner hierin variabel. Fliigel 42°5 und 46°5 mm.
Ich fand diese Art nur bei Gitgit in Fruchtgirten. Hin drittes Exemplar, das
ich schoss, war fiir eine Conservierung zu stark beschiidigt.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
*119. Dicaeum sanguinolentum Temm.
3, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 29.1.; 3, Gitgit, 2000 f., 18.ii.; 3, Gunung Bratan,
4000 f., 21.iii.; 2, Tegal, 1500 f., 4. iii.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse und Schnabel schwarz.—Ganz mit Uxemplaren aus
Java iibereinstimmend.
Sehr hiufig im Gebirge zwischen 2500 und 4500 f., seltener tiefer hinab-
steigend. Mit Vorliebe besuchen diese Vogel eine parasitiire Pflanze, die kleine
runde Biischel von mistelartigem Aussehen in den Asten yverschiedener Biiume,
besonders in denen yon Casuarina montana, bildet.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Flores (cf. Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. iv p. 518),
( 368 )
120. Dicaeum flammeum (Sparrm.).
Hartert, p. 545.
6%, Gitgit, 2000 f., 2. 11.; &, Buleleng, 12. i1.; ¢, Gitgit, 2000 f., 13. ii. ;
3, Tjelukan Bawang, 27. iii. oe ‘Buleleng, 4. iv.
Tris dankelbrasn, Fiisse schwarz, Oberschnabel schwarz, Unterschnabel hell-
grau mit schwarzer Spitze. :
Vertritt Dicaeum sanguinolentum in der niederen Zone, bis etwa 2500 f
aufwiirts, und ist hier eine sehr hiiufige Erscheinung, zumal in Fruchtgirten.
Verbreitung: Java, Madura, Kangean, Bali.
Fliigellinge in mm. (dd ad.) :
Java: 52:5, 53, 53:5, 54, 54, 54.
Kangean : 51°5, 52°5
Bali : 53°5, 53°5, 54, 54, 54:5, 54:5, 55°5, 56:5.
(121. Dicaeum trigonostigma trigonostigma (Scop.).]
Dicaeum trigonostigma, Hartert, p. 545,
Doherty sammelte ein ¢ zwischen 2000 und 3000 f.
Verbreitung: Cochinchina, Burma, Malakka, Lingga, Bunguran, Borneo,
Sumatra, Java, Bali.
122. Cinnyris ornata ornata Less.
Cinnyris pectoralis, Hartert, p. 545.
$2, Buleleng, 12.i1.; ¢, Buleleng, 12.ii.; ¢ ¢, Tjelukanbawang, 25. iii.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Gemein in der Kulturregion, vor allem in Fruchtgiirten und anf bliihenden
Biischen. Man sieht die Art meist paarweis. Ein ¢ vom 12. ii. hatte stark
entwickelte Hoden. :
Verbreitung: Malakka, Lingga, Natuna, Borneo, Sulu-Archipel (1 2, coll.
Guillemard, im Tring-Museum), Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa,
Flores.
Anm. Der Name Cinnyris pectoralis (Horsf.) ist durch C. pectoralis Vieillot
1819 priioccupiert ; cf. Oberholser, Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol. 60, No. 7, p. 18 Anm.
123. Arachnothera affinis affinis (Horsf.).
Arachnothera affinis, Hartert, p. 545.
3, Danan Bratan, 2500f., 20.i.; %?, Gunung Bratan, 4500 f, 20.i.; 3, Pik
von Buleleng, 2500 f., 21. i.
Tris lebhaft braun, Fiisse hellbraun oder dunkel braunrot, Oberschnabel schwarz,
Unterschnabel schwiirzlich rot.
Nicht selten im Gebirgsurwald am Gunung Bratan.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
124. Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scop.).
Anthreptes malaccensis, Hartert, p. 545,
3, Lumbanan, 600 f., 2. ii.; 2, Buleleng, 12. ii.; 3, Tjelukan Bawang, 31. iii.
Iris rotbraun, Fiisse grauolivy oder schwarzgran, Ober schnabel schwarz, Unter-
schnabel dunkelbraun,
PM BOO Sete. .
se
( 369 )
In Kokospflanzungen nicht selten, wo dieser Vogel die Bliitenstiinde der
Palmen besucht.
Verbreitung : Cochinchina, Siam, Tenasserim, Malakka, Lingga- und Natuna-
Archipel, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Kangean, Bali.
Fliigellinge in mm. (dd ad.):
Malakka : 62°5, 63, 64°5, 66, 66, 66, 69.
Singapore: 67.
Banguran : 67, 68, 69, 70.
Sirhassen : 68, 68°5, 69-5, 71.
Lingga : 67°8, 70.
Borneo: 66, 67:5, 68, 68, 68.
Labnan : 67.
Java: 64, 65, 66°5, 66°5, 66°5, 67, 67, 68.
Kangean : 64, 65, 66, 66, 66, 67, 67, 69, 69.
Bali: 67, 67-8, 68.
Die Vogel yon Palawan, woher sich jetzt eine schéne Serie im Tring-Museum
befindet, scheinen mir weder zu A. m. chlorigaster zu gehoren, wohin sie Hartert
in Nov. Zool. vol. ix p. 209 stellt, noch zu A. m. malacensis, wie McGregor im
Manual of the Philippine Birds, p. 659, annimmt. Die ¢¢ yon dort sind
unterseits entschieden gelblicher, weniger griinlich als chlorigaster und wiglesworthi,
doch nicht so lebhaft gelb wie malacensis; die Fiirbung der Ohrdecken ist in der
Regel griinlich wie bei malacensis und chlorigaster, nicht rétlich wie bei rhodolaema
und wiglesworthi. Von wiglesworthi unterscheiden sie ferner die griinlich oliyfar-
benen, nicht rétlich olivbrannen Aussensiiume der Schwingen, die auch griiulicher,
weniger briunlich sind als bei chlorigaster.
Die ?$ yon Palawan sind unterseits gelblicher als die von chlorigaster und
wiglesworthi und haben griinliche, nicht briiunlich olivfarbene Aussensiiume an den
Schwingen.
Hin ¢ von Cagayan Salu (Guillemard coll. 3. iv. 13883, im Tring-Museum)
stimmt véllig mit den Palawanvégeln iiberein ; letztere diirften daher zur Form
Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis Mearns
zu rechnen sein, deren Diagnose ich ganz bestiitigt finde bis auf die Angabe,
dass die Kopfseiten rétlicher sein sollen als bei wiglesworthi, was wohl auf einen
Schreibfehler zuriickzufiihren ist. 3 Exemplare von Sibutu (1 ¢, 2 22) stimmen
gleichfalls mit der Palawanserie, nicht mit wiglesworth?, iiberein.
Pliigelliinge in mm. (do ad.) :
Palawan: 65, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66-5, 69:5, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67°5, 67°5, 67°,
68, 70.
Cagayan Sulu: 69.
Sibutu: 69.
125. Stigmatops indistincta limbata (S. Miill.).
Ptilotis limbata, Cat, B. vol. ix p. 237—Nov, Zool. vol. xix p, 344.
?, Gunung Bratan, 4000 f., 21.i.; 2 dd, G. Bratan, 4000 f., 30. 1.; 7, Gunung
Batur, 3500 f., 27. ii.
Iris hellgrau, innere Zone hellbraun; Iiisse blaugrau oder schiefergrau; Schnabel
schwarz,
24
( 370)
Dieser Meliphagide scheint auf Bali an die héheren Gebirgsregionen gebunden
zu sein. Im Gebirgswald am G. Bratan oberhalb 4000 f. war er nicht selten, und
auf den mit niederem Buschwerk bestandenen Plateaus und Hiingen des Ostgebirges
oberhalb 3000 f. stellenweise recht hiufig. Hier besuchte er mit Vorliebe die
Bliiten eines Rubus-iihnlichen Strauches. Hin sehr ziinkischer Vogel, wie die
meisten Vertreter der Familie; sein Gesang, den er hiiufig héren liisst, ist sehr
laut und drosselartig.
Verbreitung : Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Sumba, Sayu, Timor.—
Die Form scheint nach Westen zu an Griésse zuzunehmen :
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Bali: 3 73, 73, 74. 2 65.
Lombok: 6 72°5, 75, 76, 76. ? se 68:5.
Sumbawa: 6 71°5, 72, 72:5, 73, 78, 73, 73°5, 74:5, 76. ? 62, 64, 65.
Alor: 3 73. g 64.
Sumba:° do 70, 70, 72, 72, 72. 2 62.
Savu: 36 68, 70. 2 62, 64.
126. Mirafra javanica javanica Horsf.
Mirafra javanica, Hartert, p. 546.
2 Ex., Bubunan, 31. iii. ; ¢, Buleleng, 3. iv.
Iris yaa Fiisse pranlich aercienieny Oberschnabel braunschwarz, Unter-
schnabel gelblich fleischfarben.—Mit Javastiicken gut iibereinstimmend, und
besonders auf der Unterseite brijunlicher als J. 7. parca.
Hiiufig auf brachliezenden Reisfeldern, hier zuweilen scharenweis vereinigt.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Borneo (°).
*127. Motacilla boarula melanope Pall.
3, Gitgit, 2000 f., 18. ii.
Ich beobachtete ausser diesem Stiick noch zwei weitere, an einem Waldbach
am Fusse des G. Batur in 3500 f. Hohe, Ende Februar. Die Art scheint in ihren
Winterquartieren mit Vorliebe Gebirgsgegenden aufzusuchen ; auch in den Moluk-
ken fand ich sie stets einzeln oder paarweis an rasch fliessenden Bergbiichen.
Wintergast.
128. Motacilla flava L. subsp.
Motacilla fava, Hartert, p. 546.
2 juv., 10. und 11. ii; ¢%, 10. iv.—alle von Buleleng.
Die beiden in Betracht kommenden Formen J. /. tatvanus Swink. und siméllima
Hart. (cf. Hartert, Vég. pal, Fauna p. 288) scheinen sich im Winterkleid nicht mit
Sicherheit unterscheiden zu lassen. Die am 10, iv. erlegten Exemplare, alte
Vogel im letzten Stadium der Kleingefiedermauser, weichen in der Fiirbung des
Oberkopfes von einander ab: bei dem ¢ ist derselbe dunkel oliv, beim: ? dunkel
aschgrau mit schmalen olivgriinen Federsiiumen; der Superciliarstreif ist bei beiden
weiss. Fliigel: ¢ 78, 2 73 mm.—Die beiden im Februar gesammelten Jungvégel
tragen ein sehr stark abgenutztes Gefieder und mausern noch nicht. Fliigel 79 und
82 mm.
Wiihrend der vier Beobachtungsmonate in grossen Scharen auf unbestellten
Reisfeldern der Kiistenregion,
Wintergast.
( 371 )
*129. Anthus richardi albidus Stres.
Nov. Zool. vol. xix p, 316.
3 3, Kintamani, 4000 f., 25. ii.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse ockergelb, Oberschnabel schwarzbraun, Unterschnabel
ockergelb mit schwarzer Spitze.
Sehr hiiufig auf den mit kurzem Gras bestandenen Berghingen bei Kintamani,
wo man die Végel meist paarweis sieht. Die Art erinnert im ihrem Wesen und
in ihrer Stimme weit mehr an eine Lerche als an einen unserer mitteleuropiiischen
Pieper.
Verbreitung : Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba.
*130. Passer montanus malaccensis Dubois.
2, Buleleng, 9. ii.
In Not. Leyd. Mus. vol xxxii p. 165 vereinigt van Oort alle ostasiatischen
Feldsperlinge und diejenigen vom malayischen Archipel unter dem Namen P. m.
saturatus Stejn. Unter dem mir vorliegenden Material erscheinen indessen die
indischen und malayischen Stiicke entschieden rétlicher, besonders am Biirzel, als
solche yon Japan und den Liu-Kin-Inseln, und ich halte daher die yon Hartert
in Vog. pal. Faun. p. 161 angenommene Abtrennung der ersteren fiir durchaus
begriindet.
Den Sperling trifft man anf Bali in allen grésseren Ortschaften der Nord- wie
der Siid-kiiste ; sein Nest legt er unter Hausdiichern an. Balinesisch : petinga.
Verbreitung: Vorderindien bis zum Himalaya, Ceylon, Burma, Tenasserim,
Malakka, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Makassar, Ambon (in letztgenannter Stadt fand ich
ihn hiiufig). Die Philippinenstiicke gehéren vielleicht zu P. m. saturatus.
*131. Amandava amandava (L.).
3, Kntadalem, 4500 f., 2. iii.; ¢ 2, Kutadalem, 10. iii.
Tris rot, Fiisse gelbbraun, Schnabel rot.
Grosse Schwiirme dieses priichtig gefiirbten Végelchens traf ich auf dem mit
knrzem Gras bestandenen Kamm des Ostgebirges ; sonst habe ich es niemals auf
der Insel beobachtet.
Verbreitung : Vorder-Indien, Assam, Cochinchina, Siam, Hainan ; Java, Bali.
Ich yermag keinerlei konstante Unterschiede zwischen geographisch weit getrenn-
ten Stiicken zu entdecken.
Za Amandava Blyth 1836 fiir Sporaeginthus Cab. 1850 ef. Richmond, Proc.
U. St. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxv p. 588.
132. Munia leucogastra leucogastroides Horsf. & Moore.
Uroloncha leucogastroides, Hartert, p. 546.
6, Gitgit, 2000 f., 13. ii.; ¢%, Buleleng, 26.iii.; ?%, Buleleng, 4. iv.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse schwarzgrau, Oberschnabel dunkelgrau, Unterschnabel
hellgran.
Gemein in der Kulturregion, bis 4000 f. aufsteigend, Belegte Nester fand ich
bei Tjelnkan Bawang am 27. und 29, Miirz, je 3 und 5 Wier enthaltend. Sie waren
in den Kronen mittelhoher, freistehender Biiume angelegt; das eine von ihnen ist
telativ sehr schwer, ein grosser dichtgefiigter Haufen aus reifen Reisiihren und
(372 )
wollhaarigen Griisern, in den ein kleines Hinflugsloch schriig hinabfiihrt; das
andere ist sehr lose aus Grashalmen und breiten Bambusbliittern gefertigt ; sein
Einflugsloch befindet sich gleichfalls etwas seitlich. Dimensionen: Hohe 200,
Breite 180, resp.: Hohe 230, Breite 100 mm.
2 Hier messen: 14°77 x 11:0 und 14°6 x 11-0 mm.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Lombok.—Auf Sumatra, Borneo und Malakka durch
M. 1. leucogastra vertreten.
133. Munia punctulata nisoria (Temm.).
Cat. B. vol. xiii p. 353 ; Nov. Zool, vol. xix p. 317.
3, Gunung Batur, 3500 f., 27. 1i.; ¢, Den Pasar, 17. iii ; 2, Bulelung, 2. iv.
Iris braun oder rotbraun, Fiisse hellgrau oder dunkel aschgrau, Oberschnabel
schwarzgran, Unterschnabel hellgrau.
Hiiufig in der Kulturzone; einen sehr grossen Schwarm traf ich zu meiner
Uberraschung im Kasuarinenwald am Gunung Batur. Am 2. April fand ich in der
dichten Krone eines mittelhohen Alleebaumes bei Buleleng ein Nest: es ist ein
ziemlich locker gefiigter, umfangreicher Grashaufen mit unordentlicher, nicht sehr
tiefer, oben offener Mulde und enthielt 6 reinweisse Hier.
Dimensionen in mm.: 15:8 x 10°8; 15:7 x 10'7; 15°2 x 10°7; 16:7 x 112;
16:0 x 11:2.
Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok,
134, Munia maja (L.).
Hartert, p, 546.
3, Kuta dalem, 4500 f., 10. iii.
Mehrere Exemplare auf den Grashiingen des Ostgebirges unter Schwiirmen von
Amandava amandava gesehen. Balinesisch : bondol.
Verbreitung: Malakka, Sumatra, Java, Bali.
*135. Munia ferruginosa (Sparrm.).
3, Buleleng, 4. iv.
Iris dunkelbraun, Fiisse blaugran, Schnabel hellgrau.
Anscheinend nicht selten in den Reisfeldern,
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
136. Munia oryzivora (L.).
Hartert, p. 546,
6, Buleleng, 11. ii.
Iris braunrot, Fiisse blassrosa, Schnabel blassrot, Spitze des Oberschnabels
hellviolett.
Sehr gemein in der Kulturregion bis etwa 2000 f., oft in Schwiirmen yon
mehreren Hunderten beisammen. Auch im parkartigen lichten Urwald der
Kiistenregion West-Balis hiiufig. Der Reisfink briitet in Buleleng in Hiiusern ;
das Nest wird nach Spatzenart auf Balken unter dem Dach angelegt und besteht in
einem liederlichen Heuhanfen, Hines yon ihnen enthielt am 3. April zwei Hier; sie
sind reinweiss und messen; 18°5 x 13°1; 18°5 x 13:3 mm.
Spontane Verbreitung: Lombok, Bali, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippinen,
Malakka, Tenasserim (?),
s
ecisuntaas ERT ee
( 873 )
137. Ploceus manyar manyar (Horsf.).
Ploceus manyar, Hartert, p. 546.
Nov, Zool. vol, xix p. 319.
2%2,16, Tjelukan Bawang, 25. iii.; o, Tjelukan Bawang, 26. ii.; 2,
Buleleng, 2. iv.; 2 dd, Buleleng, 3. iv.
Tris braun, Fiisse blass fleischfarben oder briiunlich fleischfarben ; Oberschnabel
Lriunlich schwarz (¢) oder dunkelbrann ( ?), Untersehnabel heller.
Hiinfig an der Nordkiiste in fenchten Gegenden mit grossen Grasflichen und
niederem Buschwerk. In der Zeit zwischen dem 26. iii. und 5. iv. sammelte ich 8
belegte Nester, welche 3-5 Hier enthielten. In einem weiteren Nest befanden sich
am 26. iii. bereits fliigge Junge.
Auf die Nester passt die ansfiihrliche Beschreibung vollkommen, welche
Bernstein in J. /. O. 1861 p. 177 von denjenigen des Ploceus philippinus atrigula
(sub nom. Ploceus baya) gegeben hat, nicht aber die von denen seines “ Ploceus
hypoxanthus,” der mit Ploceella javanensis und nicht mit Ploceus manyar ident ist.
Hine erneute Beschreibung eriibrigt sich; das Liingenmass (vom Anheftungspunkt
bis zum Nestboden) schwankt zwischen 250 und 140, die Nestbreite (ohne Gang)
zwischen 100 und 110 mm.
Die Nester werden gewohnlich kolonieweis angelegt, mit Vorliebe in Phrag-
mitis (?)-Bestiinden, wie sie an nassen Stellen grosser Rodungen im Kiistenbezirk
hiinfig sind. In die Spitzen der etwa 3 m. hoch aufragenden Halme wird das Nest
dergestalt verwoben, dass es von mehreren gleichzeitig getragen wird. Zuweilen
findet man es auch an den Zweigen eines Busches hingend,
Masse der Hier (in mm.) :
(a) 21:2 x 14:6; 26°2 x 14:0.
(0) 22°3 x 15-0 (von irreguliirer Gestalt).
(c) 21:3 x 14:7.
(d) 21-4 x 151; 225 x 15°23 206 x 15°3.
(ec) 20-4 x 142.
(22-0 x 144 ; 23:0 x 15°35 21-1 x 147; 22:7 x 15°15 21:8 x 1
4:8
()rel'6 x 15:0; 21:1 x 14:5 5 21°) x 15:1; 20°7 x 15:2; 20:2 x 13'6.
(h) 21-0 x 14-7,
Die Hier sind reinweiss, ohne Flecken, und nahezu glanzlos (vergl. Hume-
Oates, Nests and Eggs Ind. Birds ii p. 124).
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
[138. Dicrurus hottentottus bimaénsis Wall.]
Chibia bimaénsis, Hartert, p. 547.
Verbreitung: Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Pantar, Alor, Sumba.
Die Formen, die Sharpe im Cat. B. unter dem Genusnamen CArdbia vereinigt,
stehen einander alle sehr nahe, sind durch Zwischenglieder mehr oder weniger eng
verkniipft und vertreten sich geographisch. Sie bilden eine “ Realgattung ” im
Sinne Kleinschmidts, die yon Indien bis nach Australien verbreitet ist.
139. Dicrurus cineraceus cineraceus (Horsf.)
Dicrurus cineraceus, Hartert, p. 547,
3, Pik von Buleleng, 3000 f., 15. i.; 2 38, Danau Bratan, 2500 f., 17. i. ;
%, Danan Bratan, 2500 f., 18. i.
( $74)
Iris brannrot oder hell rotbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz. Fliigel : 124
(jav.), 129, 129, 129 mm.
Gemein im Gebirgswald zwischen 2500 und 5000 f.; seltener im Urwald der
Tiefebene.
Verbreitung: Java, Balii—Vergl. Hartert, Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 560 und
vol. xvii p. 249.
140. Dicrurus ater longus Bp.
Dicrwrus longus (?), Hartert, p. 547.
9, 11.ii.; 2, iii.; %, 6.iv.—alle von Buleleng.
Tris dunkelbraun, Schnabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Diese Form stimmt in den Fliigelmassen mit D. a. minor Blyth, von Ceylon,
iiberein, unterscheidet sich jedoch durch die bedentendere Liinge des Schwanzes,
insbesondere der iiusseren Steuerfedern.
Bali: .%, Fliigel 134 Aussere Steuerfedern 151 mm,
” ?, ” 133 ” or) 148 ”
TE Coheed 128 3 Be 159 ,,
Ceylon: 25 35 134 F 5 142 ,,
” 3; 130 » ” 140,
adie cee akOp 3 * 1386 oe
Nicht selten in den Reisfeldern, wo die Végel nach Wiirgerart auf einzelste-
henden Pfihlen.zu ruhen pflegen, oder auf Viehweiden, wo ich sie dfters anf dem
Riicken grasender Wasserbiiffel sitzen sah. Seltener im Urwald, hier bis 4000 f.
aufsteigend. Balinesisch: pedji-pedji.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali.
141. Oriolus maculatus maculatus Vieill.
Oriolus maculatus, Cat. B. vol. iii p. 200; Hartert, p. 547.
3, Buleleng, 9. iti.
Tris rotbraun, Fiisse helleran, Schnabel blassrosa.
Sehr hiinfig in den Pflanzungen und am Rande des Urwaldes, bis etwa 3500 f.
aufsteigend. Der Pfiff ihnelt dem von Oriolus oriolus.
Verbreitung : Sumatra, Banka, Borneo, Java, Bali; Malakka ?
Fliigelliinge in mm.:
Bali: 142, 143-5.
Java: 135, 136, 139, 141, 143.
Sumatra: 130, 1388, 139, 146.
Sioban (Mentawei-Arch.): 148.
142. Gracupica tertia Hart.
Hartert, p. 547.
Abbildung : Nov. Zool. vol. xix t. ii.
3, Buleleng, 12.1.; ¢, Gitgit, 15. i.; 1 Ex., Buleleng, 27. iii.
Iris braun, Fiisse hellgelb, Schnabel gelb, nackte Angengegend goldgelb.
Gemein in der Kulturzone, besonders auf unbestellten Reisfeldern sich
einstellend, bei Kintamani bis 4000 f. aufsteigend. Balinesisch : tjurek.
Van Oort ist im Irrtum, wenn er—ohne den Typus gesehen zu haben—in
Not. Leyd. Mus. vol. 32 p. 158 die Meinung ausspricht, die Art sei auf ein junges
( 375 )
Stiick von Gracupica melanoptera gegriindet. Er hat offenbar Harterts Notiz in
Nov. Zool. vol. iii p. 594 iibersehen, in der eine ganze Serie dieser Art von
Lombok registriert ist, die alle mit dem Typus iibereinstimmen.
Verbreitung : Bali, Lombok.
*145. Leucopsar rothschildi Stres.
Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, Bull. B. O. Club vol, xxxi p. 4 (1912—Bali).
Abbildung : Nov. Zool. vol. xix t. ii. (Gefiederton etwas zu grau !).
?, Bubunan, 24. iii.
Dieser schine, sehr anffallend gefiirbte Star scheint sehr selten zu sein. Ausser
dem geschossenen Vogel, der sich im Wipfel ciner Kokospalme nahe bei einer an
der Nordkiiste gelegenen Ortschaft aufhielt, sah ich mit Sicherheit nur noch ein
Exemplar eine Woche darauf an ganz der gleichen Localitiit, hatte aber zufiillig
keine Patrone mehr bei mir.
Verbreitung : Bali.
144. Sturnopastor contra jalla (Horsf.).
Sturnopastor jalla, Cat. B. vol. xiii p, 57.
?, Buleleng, 11. ii.; %, Rendang, 13. iii.; 9%, Buleleng, 5. iv.
Tris gelblich weiss, Fiisse hell leamgelb, Schnabel hellgelb.
Hiiufig in der Region der Reisfelder, bis etwa 2000 f. aufsteigend.
Verbreitung : Sumatra, Java, Madura, Bali.
145. Aplonis panayensis gusti subsp. n.
Calornis chalybea, Hartert, p. 546.
2, Gitgit, 2000 f., 2. ii; 2, Rendang, 1500 f., 13. iii. ; 2 ¢¢, Danan Bratan,
3000 f., 21. ii.
Tris rot, Schabel und Fiisse schwarz.
Diese Form ist von allen iibrigen durch den starken bliiulichen Glanz,
besonders auf der Unterseite, unterschieden: in gewissem Lichte erscheint die
letztere dunkel violettblau. Schnabel kiirzer und niedriger als bei A. p. strigatus ;
Federn von Stirn und Scheitel nicht lang und fein zugespitzt, sondern mit kurzer
stumpfer Spitze. Auf einige Merkmale der neuen Form hatte bereits Hartert
aufmerksam gemacht.
Typus: 3, Danau Bratan, 3000 f., 21. iii. 1911, E. Stresemann coll. No. 328.
Die Art ist besonders in den Kaffeepflanzungen am Gebirgshang hiiufig und
tritt hier oft in grossen Scharen auf, bis 3500 f. aufsteigend. Sie findet sich auch
in der Niihe der Ortschaften und nistet in Buleleng unter Hausdiichern. Der
Gesang gleicht demjenigen der Malakkaform, wie ich ihn in Perak vernommen
habe.
Verbreitung : Bali.
Uber die geographischen Formen dieser Art vergl. die ausgezeichnete Ubersicht
bei Meyer und Wiglesworth, Birds of Celebes, vol. ii pp. 554-60. Genaue
Massangaben finden sich ferner bei Parrot, Beitr. Orn. Sum. pp. 255-6, im folgenden
als P citiert.
Ich gelange nach eingehendem Vergleich der Serien im Tring-Museum zu dem
( 376 )
eleichen Ergebnis wie Meyer und Wiglesworth, welche die unter dem Namen
neglecta durch Walden abgetrennten Celebesvigel im Gegensatz zu Sharpe mit der
Philippinenform vereinigen. Ein Unterschied in der Schwanzliinge, den Sharpe
angibt, besteht nicht, auch stimmen Fiirbung, Schnabelform und Fliigelliinge bei
beiden iiberein. Letztere betriigt in mm. bei einer Serie von den
Philippinen : 95, 96, 96, 99, 100, 100, 100, 101, 101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 102,
102, 103, 104, 105, 105, 105, 109, 110, 111, 111.
yon Celebes : 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 104, 107, 108, 108, 108, 108, 110, 110,
A, p. sanghirensis (Salvad.) ist durch bedeutendere Durchschnittsgrésse und
relatiy liingeren Schnabel gut unterschieden.
Typische A. p. strigatus yon Java und Sumatra sind von stiirkerem Glanz als
Philippinenstiicke (A. p. panayensis) und unterseits ausgesprochener griin, mit
geringerem violettrétlichem Schimmer, auch ist die Grosse aller Teile geringer.
Diese Form geht nun in Malakka und Tenasserim allmiihlich in den nérdlichen
A. p. afjinis (Hay) iiber, der seine extremste Ausbildung in Ostbengalen, Cachar
und Oberburma erfiihrt und sich von strigatus durch bedentendere Grésse und oft
etwas stiirker rotvioletten Schimmer der Unterseite unterscheidet, von panayensis
durch abweichende Schnabelform und _ griinlichere Oberseite, sowie stiirkeren
Glanz des Gefieders. Végel von Nordwest-Borneo, Sirhassen und dem Natuna-
Archipel vermittelu den Ubergang zwischen Malakka- und Philippinenvogeln.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Aplonis panayensis gusti.
Bali: 93, 94, 94, 97, 97°5, 98, 98.
Aplonis panayensis strigatus.
Java: 89, 90, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 95, 96, 96, 97.
Sumatra: 90 [P], 92 [P], 98 [P], 95 [P], 96 [P], 96, 96, 97 [P].
Bangka: 93 [P], 94 [P].
Durchschnitt yon 21 Exemplaren : 94:0 mm.
Aplonis panayensis strigatus > affinis.
Malakka : 94, 94*, 94*, 95*, 95*, 95*, 96, 96, 96*, 96:5*, 97, 98*, 98*, 98*, 98",
99%, 99%, 99*, 99, 100%, 100°5*, 101, 104, 104.—Durchschnitt von 23 Ex, : 97-9 mm.
Salanga: 94*, 98*, 99:5*, 100*, 100:5*, 102*, 102°5*,
Aplonis punayensis strigatus < affinis.
Tenasserim ; 96", 96%, 97*, 98°5*, 100*, 100*, 101*, 101-5*, 102*, 102*, 102*,
102*, 103*, 103*, 103*, 103*, 103:5*, 104*, 104:5*, 106*—Durchschnitt von
20 Ex.: 1014 mm.
Aplonis panayensis affinis.
Cachar : 103, 107*, 107, 109*.
Tipparah : 104*, 105*, 105*, 106*, 108*.—Durchschnitt von 9 Ex.: 105-9 mm.
Aplonis panayensis strigatus > affinis = panayensis.
N.W. Borneo: 99, 108.
Sirhassen : 104, 104°5, 106.
Banguran: 104.
Pula Laut (nérdl. vy. Bunguran): 105,
( 877 )
Die Barussan-Inseln, wie Oberholser die Kette der vor der Westkiiste
Sumatras gelegenen Inseln mit einem Kollektivnamen zu bezeichnen vorgeschlagen
hat, scheinen eine Anzahl wohl unterschiedener Formen zu beherbergen, von
welchen A, p. altirostris Salvad. die weiteste Verbreitung besitzen diirfte: Nias,
Batu- und Tello-Inseln, sowie die nérdlichen Mentawei-Inseln.
Fliigelliinge in mm. :
Nias : 100.
Batu-Inseln : 96, 104, 106, 106.
Tello-Inseln : 105.
Si-Oban: 98, 106.
Von dieser Form wurden durch Oberholser neuerdings (in Smiths. Misc. Coll,
vol. 60, No. 7, p. 17) die Végel von Siid-Pagi unter dem Namen pachistorhinus
unterschieden, mit der kurzen Diagnose: “Similar to Lamprocoraxr chalybeus
altirostris from Nias Island, but with wing longer, and plumage somewhat less
glossy.” Der gleiche Autor stellte Jc. eine Form rhadinorhamphus anf,
“vesembling L. ch. pachistorhinus, but bill more slender, size smaller, plumage
somewhat less glossy, particularly below.—Type Simalur-Island.” Auf Engano
schliesslich wird die Art repriisentiert durch A. p. enganensis (Salvad.): “ Calornis
ce. chalybeae (Horsf.) similis, sed maior, alis longioribus (115 mm.), rostro
robustiore.””
Eine im Tring-Museum befindliche Serie von Pini, nordéstlich der Batu-Inseln,
erweist sich als keiner der bisher von den Barussan-Inseln bekannten Subspecies
zugehorig ; die Pinivégel stehen dem A. p. tytleri iiberaus nahe, unterscheiden sich
aber dureh kiirzeren Schwanz und die Form des—gleichfalls sehr schlanken—
Schnabels : die Kriimmung der Oberschnabelfirste ist weniger gleichmissig als bei
tytleri, vielmehr beginnt sie erst im apicalen Drittel. Ich benenne die neue Form
Aplonis panayensis leptorrhynchus subsp. n.
Typus: Pini, Raap coll. No. 34, im Tring-Museum.
Zum Vergleich beider Unterarten seien die vom Material des Tring-Museums
genommenen Fliigel- und Schwanzmasse beigefiigt.
Aplonis panayensis tytlert.
Jar Nicobar: a 116, ¢ 76.
Trinkut : @ 116, ¢ 75.
Siid-Andaman: @ 113, 116, 117; ¢ 69, 75, 78.
Aplonis panayensis leptorrhynchus.
Pini: a 111, 114, 114, 116, 116 ; ¢ 66, 67, 70, 70, 71.
Hine generische Trennung der Arten mit gestuftem (Lamprocorax) von denen
mit ungestuftem Schwanz (Aplonis) ist durchaus kiinstlich, da zwischen beiden
Typen zahlreiche Ubergiinge vermitteln. Vergl. auch Sharpe, Cat. B. vol. xiii
p. 125 Anm.
146. Gracula javana javana (Cav.).
Eulabes javanensis typicus, Hartert, p. 547.
Nov, Zool, vol. xix p. 313.
3, Tegal, 1500 f., 3. iii. ; ¢, Kembangsari, 2000 f,, 3. iii.
Hinfig in der Region der Kaffeepflanzungen zwischen 1500 und 3000 f,
seltener in der Kiistenebene.
( 378 )
Verbreitung : Bali, Kangean, Java, Sumatra, Billiton, Banka, Borneo, Natuna,
Malakka, Siid-Tenasserim.
In Rerue Francaise d@ Ornithologie 1912 p. 364 fahrt Dr. Dubois “ Gracuia
javanensis var. dubia Schl.” mit einem ? von Bali auf. Was -den Autor dazu
bestimmt hat, als Heimat dieses Vogels, der ganz offenbar als junges Exemplar
von Gracula javana gedeutet werden muss, die Insel Bali zu vermuten, entzieht
sich meiner Kenntnis.
[147. Corvus coronoides macrorynchos Wag. |
Corone macrorhyncha, Cat. B. vol. iii p. 38.
Die Art ist auf Bali in der Kulturzone allenthalben hiufig und stellt sich
zuweilen, besonders in Siid-Bali, massenhaft auf frisch gepfliigten Reisfeldern ein,
dem Menschen gegeniiber iiusserst zutraulich.
Verbreitung: Inselkette yon Java bis Timor; Sumatra (?), Borneo (?),
Malakka (?).
*148. Corvus enca enca (Horsf.).
g, Buleleng, 13.1.
Verbreitung : Java, Bali, Celebes, Sula-Inseln.
[149. Crypsirhina varians (Lath.).]
Hartert, p. 547.
Verbreitung : Cochinchina, Siam, Burma, Malakka, Borneo, Sumatra, Java,
Bali.
ZOOGHEOGRAPHISCHE SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN.
Obgleich unsere Kenntnis der Ornis Balis noch liingst nicht als abgeschlossen
betrachtet werden darf, und diejenige der Vogelwelt von Lombok und Sumbawa
vermutlich noch grissere Liicken anfweist, diirfte eine Zusammenfassung unseres
heutigen Wissens hinsichtlich der Ornithogeographie dieser Inselgruppen doch am
Platze sein, und die Resultate, zu denen wir gegenwartig gelangen, diirften bei der
Fiille des Materials nicht weit vom tatsiichlichen Sachverhalt abliegen.
Ich méchte zuniichst eine rein terminotechnische Hrérterung vorausschicken.
Aus Griinden der grésseren Klarheit und Ubersichtlichkeit sehe ich mich veranlasst,
in den folgenden statistischen Zusammenstellungen eine neve Terminologie ein-
zufithren. Unterschiede ich darin, wie sich dies aus der Benutzung der tiblichen
Ausdriicke ergeben wiirde, lediglich zwischen Arten (species) und Formen
(subspecies), so wiirde hierdurch insofern ein falsches Bild erzielt, als mit der
Bezeichnung Art gegenwiirtig zwei systematisch verschiedenwertige Begriffe
benannt werden. Beispiel: Oveosterops javanica ist zu einem Artbegriff geworden,
ist keine ungeteilte “ Art” mehr, seitdem wir von dem typischen, der Hauptmasse
nach ostjavanischen Vogel den ihm sehr nahestehenden westjavanischen und den
balinesischen zu unterscheiden gelernt haben. Halcyon cyanoventris ist eine stark
specialisierte Art, ausschliesslich den Inseln Java und Bali gemeinsam und auf
beiden in der gleichen Ausbildung entwickelt. Ziihlte ich nun in einer Zusammen- —
stellung Oreosterops javanica und Halcyon cyanoventris als Arten, die Bali und
Java ausschliesslich eigentiimlich sind, im Gegensatz zu den ausschliesslich
( 379 )
gemeinsamen geographischen Formen, welche Arten von weiterer Verbreitung
unterzuordnen sind, so wiirde dies eine Triibung des Sachbildes hervorrufen und
gleichzeitig einen Fehler in den Summierungen ergeben ; die ausschliesslich
gemeinsame Art und Form /Haleyon cyanoventris dentet anf eine nahe Zusam-
mengehérigkeit von Java und Bali hin, die ausschliesslich gemeinsame Art
Oreosterops javanica verbindet beide und betont doch gleichzeitig den faunistischen
Unterschied, da sie auf Java in etwas anderer Form ausgebildet ist als anf Bali.
Ich werde daher in Zukunft den Artbegriff kurz als Art bezeichnen, die
ungebrochene Species als Altform, die geographische getrenuten Reprasentanten
eines Artbegriffes als Jungformen. Beispiele:
Art : Oreosterops javanica.
Altform : Halcyon cyanoventris.
Jungtormen : Oreosterops javanica javanica, frontalis und elongata.
Der Gedanke, der zur Wahl dieser Ausdriicke fiihrt, ist der folgende: Jede
Tierform [Altform] sei—um im Bilde zu sprechen—einem niederen einzelligen
Organismus vergleichbar, der, nachdem er ein gewisses Alter erreicht oder sein
Volumen um einen gewissen Bestand zugenommen hat, oder aber veranlasst durch
Hinwirkungen yon aussen, sich zur Teilung in zwei oder mehr selbstiindige
Tochtertiere anschickt. Diese Teilung wird mit einer Oberfliichenfurchung ihren
Anfang nehmen, und die Furchen werden, im Beginn des Processes nur dem
geiibten Auge erkennbar, allmiihlich sich tiefer einschniiren und deutlicher aus-
prigen, ohne dass zuniichst eine dieser werdenden Tochterzellen selbstandige
Bewegungsfreiheit besitzt : sie sind von einer gemeinsamen Membran umschlossen
[terniire Nomenklatur, Unterordnung der Formen unter einen Artbegriff; Jung-
formen, zasammengehalten durch die Membran “Art”]. Erst nachdem die
Furchen vollig durchgeschniirt haben, zerreisst die umbiillende Membran und die
Tochterzellen erhalten damit Individualitit und die Méglichkeit eigenwilliger
Bewegung ; oder, um das Bild zu verlassen und zur Sache zuriickzukehren: Die
Jungformen reifen zu Altformen, die sich durch verschiedensinnige Specialisierang
morphologisch immer weiter von einander entfernen und hierauf hiiufig geo-
graphisch ineinanderschieben, ohne eine artliche Vermischung einzugehen. Hier-
bei wird gleichzeitig die Tochter-Altform, die sich vom Entstehungszentrum der
Mntter-Altform am wenigsten weit entfernt hat, den Typus der letzteren am
reinsten bewahren, soweit sich dortselbst keine Veriinderungen der physiologischen
Bedingungen vollzogen haben.
Soll sich nach gewissen Zeitriiumen bei der Tochter-Altform der gleiche Reife-
und Teilungsprocess abspielen wie bei der Mutter-Altform, so erscheinen hierfiir
die folgenden Bedingungen erforderlich: Ausdehnung oder Verlagerung des
Verbreitungsgebietes ; oder orographische Veriinderungen inmitten des letzteren,
von der Bedeutung einer fiir die Art uniitberwindlichen Scheide.—Altformen, deren
Area auf ein relativ kleines und klimatisch gleichformiges Gebiet, etwa eine kleinere
Insel, beschriinkt bleibt, werden zwar in der Weiterentwickeluung morphologischer
Ligenarten nicht stehen bleiben, aber niemals zur Teilung schreiten kéunen. Hs
eriibrigt sich wohl, zu bemerken, dass diese Ausfiihrungen nur fiir die Erkliirang
ornithogeographischer Phaecnomene Giiltigkeit beanspruchen, insbesondere solcher
in Inselgebieten.
Nur soweit sei fiir heute dieser Gedanke verfolgt. Der oben gefiihrte Ver-
gleich einer in Teilung begriffenen Altform mit der sich furchenden Zelle erweist
sich in einem Punkte als schief: der Irrealitiit der die Jungformen umschliessenden
( 380 )
“ Art-Membran.” Die Entscheidung, ob bei Formen “ entre deux ages ” eine biniire
oder terniire Benennung Verwandtschaft und Alter am klarsten zum Ausdruck
bringt, wird daher stets dem Gutdiinken des Winzeluen iiberlassen bleiben. Und
dies ist gleichzeitig ein Punkt, der die zoogeographischen Schlussfolgerungen nicht
unwesentlich beriihrt.
Bevor ich auf diese eingehe, scien einige kurze topographische Informationen
vorausgeschickt. Die Fliiche der Inseln Java, Bali, Lombok und Sambawa, deren
Ornis im folgenden beriicksichtigt werden soll, verhiilt sich etwa wie 23:1: 1: 2,9.
Alle vier Inseln sind im wesentlichen vulkanischen Ursprungs, und aus tieferen
Lagen sind von ihnen jungtertiaire Meeres-Ablagernngen bekannt: Bedeutende
Niveauschwankungen und Reliefveriinderungen bis in die geologisch jiingste
Vergangenheit sind daher wahrscheinlich. Die Vegetationsverhiiltnisse sind yon
Java bis Sumbawa iihnliche: in den niederen Lagen viel offenes, fruchtbares
Kulturland, daneben, zumal im Mitteleebirge, ausgedehnte Urwiilder, an den
hohen Aschenkegeln spiirliche Busch-, Gras- oder Kasuarinenvegetation.
Die heutige Minimalbreite der die Inseln trennenden Meeresstrassen betriigt
beiliufig in Seemeilen :
Sundastrasse (Sumatra-Java): 13.
Balistrasse (Java-Bali): 1:5,
Lombokstrasse (Bali-Lombok) : 19.
Alasstrasse (Lombok-Sumbawa) : 775.
Ferner betriigt nach den gegenwiirtigen Lotungen die Maximal- und Minimal-
tiefe dieser Strassen, ausgedriickt in Faden (1 Faden = 1°8 m.).
Sundastrasse: 65—30; Balistrasse: 84—25; Lombokstrasse: 654—122 ;
Alasstrasse: 79—48.
Wenn wir daher im folgenden die Lombokstrasse—in villiger Bestiitigung der
Wallaceschen Vermutung—als wichtige Faunengrenze kennen lernen, so steht
dies ganz in Ubereinstimmung mit dem, was sich aus den heutigen Lage-
beziehungen der Inseln erwarten liisst. Sie wird iberschritten yon mehr als
60 sedentiiren Arten (nicht mitgerechnet sind die meist sehr weit verbreiteten
Ardeiden), unter welchen wir bei 10 zwischen Bali und Lombok (oder, falls die
Art auf Bali resp. Lombok nicht vertreten ist, zwischen Lombok und Java oder
Bali und Sumbawa) eine zu zwei Formen fiihrende “ Winschniirung ” (sit venia
verbo !) antreffen. Dagegen bildet hier die ‘ Wallace-sche Linie” die Westgrenze
fiir 20, die Ostgrenze fiir 62 Arten und Altformen! Im einzelnen ergibt sich,
dass ihre Westgrenze finden in
Sumbawa: Altformen + Arten:(7 + 4) 11, Jungformen 4
Lombok : “ +3, (8 12)20 5 7
Bali: i + 4, (2+ 4)6 5 12 (138 ?)
ihre Ostgrenze dagegen in
Bali: Altformen + Arten: (27 + 35) 62, Jungformen 8
Lombok: ,, omer ern Coo st a hz) ls) 6
Sumbawa: ,, a ee ere oo Gal)! Seat) eas 3 5
Die Familie der Capitoniden, auf Bali noch in vier Arten vertreten, itber-
schreitet die Lombokstrasse nicht, diejenige der Piciden, die auf Bali durch 6 Arten
repriisentiert ist, geht nur in einer Jungform (Yungipicus sondaicus grandis)
éstlicher. Auf der anderen Seite finden wir, dass die Cacatuiden in einer Art
bis Lombok, aber nicht weiter westlich sich verbreitet haben, wiihrend die
PEGS tye Mp germ.
( 381 )
Loriiden und Meliphagiden ihren westlichsten Auslaufer (Trichoglossus haema-
todus mitchelli und Stigmatops indistincta “imbata) bis Bali entsandt haben.
Zur Illustrierang der nachbarlichen Beziehungen, welche die Ornis dieser
Inseln offenbart, mégen ferner die folgenden Zusammenstellungen dienen. Wir
finden
Endemische Altformen aut:
Bali: 1 (Leucopsar rothschild?).
Lombok: 0.
Sumbawa : 0.
Endemische Jungformen aut’:
Bali: 6 (7?) [Oreosterops javanica elongata ; Criniger gularis balicus ;
Phoenicophaés curvirostris deningeri ; Dinopium javanense
exsul; Aplonis panayensis gusti ; Rhinomyias umbratilis
baliensis? ; Carpophaga lacernulata william. |
Lombok: 2 [ Dicaeum machloti neglectum; Dicrurus cineraceus wallace. |
Sumbawa : 4 [Lophozosterops dohertyi doherty: ; Rhipidura diluta sumba-
vensis ; Trichoglossus haematodus Sorstent ; Zosterops
(chloris ?) sumbavensis, |
Ausschliesslich gemeinsam sind :
Java und Bali.
Altformen: 10 (11?)
Arten: 2 | siehe Tabelle.
Jungformen ; 18
Bali und Lombok.
Altformen : 1 [Gracupica tertia].
Arten : 0.
Jungformen: 1 [ Trichoglossus haematodus mitchell].
Lombok und Sumbawa.
Altformen: 0,
Arten : 0.
Jungformen : 1 [ Geoffroyus personatus sumbavensis |,
Sumatra, Java, Bali.
Altformen: 1 (2 ?) [Ptilinopus porphyreus ; Prinia Samiliaris ?).
Arten : 0,
Jungformen: 1 [Xantholaema rosea rosea].
Java, (Bali, Kangean,) Lombok.
Altformen: |] [Horeites montana].
Arten : 0,
Jangformen: 6 (7 ?) [Turdus varius horsfieldi; Orthotomus sepium sepium ;
Pericrocotus flammeus exsul; Munia leucogastra leuco-
gastroides ; Collocalia linchi linchi ; Treron griseicauda
griseicauda ; ? Macropygia ruficeps ruficeps |.
Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa.
Altformen: 0,
Arten ; 0,
Jungformen : v,
( 382 )
Sumatra, Java, (Bali,) Lombok.
Altformen: 0.
Arten : 0.
Jungformen : 1 [Sphenocercus sphenurus horthalsi].
Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa.
Altformen: 0.
Arten: 0.
Jungformen : 1 [Phylloscopus trivirgatus trivirgatus }.
Altformen von der Minimalverbreitung Sumatra bis Sumbawa.
Gallus ferrugineus ; Chaleophaps indica ; Treron vernans ; Cisticola exilis ;
Geocichla interpres, ete
Jungformen von der Minimalverbreitung Sumatra bis Sumbawa.
Carpophaga aenea aenea ; Streptopelia chinensis tigrina ; Macropygia phasia-
nella emiliana; Haliastur indus indus S girrenera; Caprimulgus macrourus
macrourus; Caprimulgus affinis affinis; Cacomantis sepuleralis sepuleralis; Cuculus
intermedius insulindae ; Eudynamis orientalis malayana ; Lanius schach bentet ;
Dendrobiastes hyperythra malayana; Muscicapula melanoleuca westermanni ;
Parus maior cinereus ; Cinnyris ornata ornata, ete.
Die zoogeographischen Schliisse lassen sich demnach kurz dahin zusammen-
fassen : (1) Unter der Ornis der Inseln Bali, Lombok und Sumbawa besitzt diejenige
von Bali die grésste Selbstiindigkeit. (2) Auf Bali iiberwiegt die Zahl der west-
lichen Formen bei weitem die der dstlichen, auf Sumbawa besitzen australisch-
papuasische Formen das Ubergewicht, die Ornis von Lombok ist aus Elementen
beider Faunenregionen etwa za gleichen Teilen zusammengesetat. (3) Java und Bali
diirften liingere Zeit einen einheitlichen Complex dargestellt haben, ihre Verbin-
dung jedoch mag schon seit langem * unterbrochen sein, da sich einige endemische
Formen haben entwickeln kénnen, die auf Java durch nahe verwandte vertreten
sind. Zwei Formen, die Bali und Ostjava eigentiimlich sind (Pycnonotus bimacu-
latus tenggerensis und Copsychus saularis amoenus), auf Westjava jedoch durch
andere Jungformen repriisentiert sind, scheinen daranf hinzudeuten, dass zur Zeit
der Verbindung Balis mit Ostjava dieses durch eine Meeresstrasse von Westjava
getrennt war. Die Annahme des Bestehens einer solchen Trennung wird gestiitzt
durch die jungtertiiren marinen Ablagerungen in Mitteljava und durch die folgenden
weiteren Arten, die in West- und Ostjava in verschiedenen Jungformen ausgebildet
sind: Vurdus fumidus fumidus und whiteheadi sowie Oreosterops javanica
frontalis wnd javanica ; letatere ist offenbar erst, nachdem die Trennung beider
Teile Javas zu bestehen aufgehért hatte, in geringer Zahl ins Gebiet der ersteren
eingewandert. (4) Hine zeitweilige Landbriicke zwischen Bali und Lombok ist
wahrscheinlich, vermutlich zu einer Periode, als erstere Insel nicht mit Java,
letztere nicht mit Sambawa in Zusammenhang stand.
In der folgenden Tabelle bezeichnen horizontale Striche das Fehlen einer Art
oder Altform, Kreuze das Auftreten einer Altform ; das Vorkommen einer Art ist
durch Einfiigen des Namens der sie vertretenden Jungform in die Kolonne der
betreffenden Insel ausgedriickt.
* Zum wenigsten seit dem jiingeren Pleistociin,
4
:
( 388.)
SPECIES. SUMBAWA, LOMBOK, BALI. JAVA, SUMATRA.
Leucopsar rothschildi = = ie = =
4 : : O. u. W. java-
Oreosterops javanica . — = elongata nica —
W. frontalis
Criniger gularis . — _ balicus gularis gutturalis
_ Phoenicophaés curvirostris — _ deningeri | curvirostris erythro-
sy gnathus
_ Dinopium javanense . — — exsul javanense javanense
Aplonis panayensis — — gusti strigatus strigatus
_ Rhinomyias umbratilis — — baliensis ? umbratilis
; - pe -_ | O. tenggerensis
a Pycnonotus bimaculatus —_ tenggerensis Wabinnaaaieen a
r . i: O. amoenus US
Copsychus saularis — amoenus Wanneints (Borneo ;
amoenus)
-Haleyon cyanoyentris — = Bs + =
‘Xantholaema australis — = EB ee a
-Chrysocolaptes strictus = fe + =
Cryptolopha grammiceps . _— ae Se ft =
Graucalus javensis — = + af ==
~ Cyanoderma melanothorax = = ae e af
_Myiophoneus cyaneus _ = + at at,
Prinia familiaris = pi i a 2
Dicaeum flammeum “= == + ihe =
unia ferruginosa a ae ery ae oS.
‘Glaucidium castanopterum ae Be He ae =
nurus alexandri — = alexandri alexandri (Continent ;
fasciatus)
riculus vernalis — — pusillus pusillus (Continent :
vernalis)
fimbriata — —= fimbriata fimbriata culminata
thina tiphia é _ — scapularis scapularis viridis
Melittophagus leschenaulti -- -- leschenaulti | leschenaulti | (Continent
A etc, :swinhoii)
iprocne longipennis os _ Jongipennis | longipennis harterti
niculus lugubris — — lugubris lugubris bracbyurus
ops armillaris = _ armillaris armillaris henricii
. =
ereiceryx lineatus — — lineatus lineatus (Continent ;
\ hodgsoni )
eyanura eyanura irena
J ‘omatorhinus montanus — =. montanus montanus |(Borneo ete. ;
borneensis)
( 384 )
SPECIES. SUMBAWA. LOMBOK. BALI. JAVA. SUMATRA.
Enicurus leschenaulti. _— — leschenaulti | leschenaulti | (Borneo;
borneensis)
Geocichla citrina — — rubecula rubecula (Continent ;
citrina)
Dicaeum minullum = — sollicitans sollicitans | (Continent :
olivaceum)
Arachnothera affinis . — a affinis affinis modesta
Ploceus manyar . _ — manyar manyar (Continent :
flaviceps)
Dicrurus ater — — longus longus (Continent ;
ater)
Picus vittatus = = a in Be,
Dryobates analis = — as x ae
Thriponax javensis = — javensis javensis javensis
Rhipidura javanica — ve ah a EY
Culicicapa ceylonensis = — ceylonensis | ceylonensis | ceylonensis
Hemipus obscurus = =e 3, + a
Pericrocotus peregrinus — = ae fe (Continent
ete.)
, yr melano- melano-
Microtarsus melanocephalos an gephalon melanocephalos canhalae
Turdinus sepiarius a = te ie (Malakka)
Megalurus palustris = i i 4 Ce
Dicaeum trigonostigma — — trigonostigma| trigonostigma |trigonostigma
Amandava amandava . = _ + aks (Continent)
Munia maja = ae ets 3k we
Sturnopastor contra . — = jalla jalla jalla
Gracula javana . — _ javana javana javana
Crypsirhina varians — — ag ae
Ptilinopus porphyreus = — + + +
Spilornis bassa = cs ar ae 4
Microhierax fringillarius — = + ay aE
Ketupa ketupa . — — + + +
Phodilus badius . — os a Eve aS
Anthracoceros coronatus — _ COL eXUus conyexus convexus
Cacomantis merulinus — -- merulinus merulinus merulinys
a
eh 90
( 385 )
SPECIES. SUMBAWA. LOMBOK. BALI. JAVA, SUMATRA,
Centropus sinensis = -- bubutus bubutus bubutus
Xantholaema rosea — — rosea rosea rosea
? cad
Chlorura hyperythra . (Flores : intermedia — hyperythra | (Borneo:
? intermedia) borneensis)
Yungipicus sondaicus. grandis grandis = sondaicus sondaicus
?
Carpophaga lacernulata (Flores : sasakensis williami lacernulata —
sasakensis) =
Dicrurus cineraceus — wallacei cineraceus cineraceus (Palawan ?,
Tenasserim ?)
Eurystomus orientalis connectens | connectens | orientalis orientalis orientalis
Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum | sarasinorum | javanensis |’ javanensis javanensis
Oriolus maculatus broderipi broderipi maculatus maculatus maculatus
Phyllergates cucullatus (Flores : _ cucullatus cucullatus cucullatus
everetti)
Anthreptes malacensis chlorogaster — tmaalacensis malacensis malacensis
Mirafra javanica parva parva javanica javanica —
Alcedo meninting — meninting | meninting meninting meninting
Pycnonotus goiavier . — analis analis analis analis
Munia oryzivora = + + + +
Geopelia striata . maugeus striata striata striata striata
Monia punctulata . |(Flores ete,:| — nisoria nisoria nisoria nisoria
blasii)
Macropygia ruficeps orientalis ruficeps ? ruficeps ruficeps nana
Collocalia linchi , — linchi linchi linchi cyanoptila ?
“ 1
Pachycephala grisola . = grisola grisola grisola brunet
Pericrocotus flammeus — exsul exsul exsul xanthogaster
Horeites montana = ae + + —
Turdus varius — horsfieldi ? horsfieldi (Continent :
varius)
Treron griseicauda = griseicauda | griseicauda | griseicauda —
Macropygia unchall = unchall ? unchall unchall
Sphenocercus sphenurus = korthalsi 2 korthalsi korthalsi
Orthotomus sepium _ sepium sepium sepium cinerascens
- leucogas- leucogas- oa a ,
Munia leucogastra Gl troidee leucogastroides| leucogastra
Ceyx rufidorsa
Phylloscopus trivirgatus
Brachypteryx leucophrys .
Zosterops palpebrosa .
25
inpominata
trivirgatus
+-
9
(Flores ;
neglecta)
innominata
trivirgatus
4.
neglecta
innominata
trivirgatus
+
neglecta
innominata
trivirgatus
+
| O.; neglecta
rufidorsa
parvirostris ?
(Continent ;
palpebrosa)
( 386 )
SPECIES. SUMBAWA. Loox. BALI.
Dicaeum sanguinolentum . (Peres) + +
Erythromyias dumetoria dumetoria | dumetoria ?
Corvus enca (Celebes : —_ enca
enca)
Gallus varius + + oe
Pratincola caprata fruticola fruticola fruticola
bay . | melanoce- | melanoce- | melanoce-
Ptilinopus melanocephalus . phalus phalus phalus
9
Macropygia phasianella (Flores : emiliana emiliana
emiliana)
Streptopelia bitorquata bitorquata | bitorquata | bitorquata
Falco moluccensis occidentalis occidentalis | occidentalis
?
Geocichla andromedae (Flor es) + ?
Alcedo ispida floresiana ? floresiana
Lalage nigra timorensis | timorensis | timorensis
Anthus richardi . albidus albidus albidus
Dicrurus hottentottus bimaénsis | bimaénsis | bimaénsis
Ramphaleyon capensis floresiana floresiana floresiana
Gracupica tertia —_— + +
Trichoglossus haematodus.| forsteni mitchelli mitchelli
Ptilinopus cinctus albocinctus | albocinctus | albocinctus
Pachycephala melanura fulvotincta ? fulvotincta
Stigmatops indistincta limbata limbata limbata
?
Dicaeum mackloti . (Timor ete.:) neglectum —
mackloti)
Munia quinticolor (Flores; | quinticolor =
quinticolor)
Zosterops intermedia . + 4+ =
Ptilotis vi
ilotis virescens (Flores) + _—
Philemon timoriensis neglectus | neglectus =
: : | 2
Munia pallida (Flores) + —
Taeniopygia insularis . + = ao
Calornis minor . + _
Geocichla dohertyi + + —
rd
Pitta coronata > (Flores : concinna =
concinna)
JAVA.
+
dumetoria
enca
+
fruticola
melanocephalus
emiliana
bitorquata
occidentalis
+
bengalensis ?
nigra
malayensis
capensis |
SUMATRA,
miilleri
compilator
(Continent :
bicolor)
Nias :
modiglianii)
(Borneo etc. :
dussumieri)
bengalensis
nigra
malayensis
(Continent :
hottentottus)
malaccensis
( 387 )
SPECIES. SUMBAWA., LOMBOK. BALI. JAVA. SUMATRA,
Monachaleyon fulgidus + + — — _
_ Haleyon australasia . (Gumba ete. :| australasia — — =
, australasia)
Cacatua parvula . (Flores : | occidentalis — = =
; occidentalis
_ Geoffroyus personatus . | sumbavensis | sumbavensis — — =
_ Otus manadensis albiventris | albiventris — aaa =
; Falco longipennis + ds = = _
Baza subcristata. . timorlaoénsis | timorlaoénsis = — —
- Megapodius duperreyi duperreyi | duperreyi — _— =
‘Turnix rufilatus . powelli powelli — — =
; itieraba metallica. metallica metallica _ — =
_ Acmonorhynchusannae_ . + _ = — =
3 _Zosterops wallacei + — — — —
_ Lophozosterops dohertyi dohertyi = = =— =
M unia molucca .. propinqua = = = =
7 + = = — =
Ps + = = - =
ricrocotus lansbergi + = = — =
7 . sumbawensis = = = ==
esculenta == == = 7
erops sumbavensis + — = = =
é + — — = —
( 388 )
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A ,KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUB-
FAMILIES OFNOCHROMINAE AND HEMITHEINAE
OF, GEOMETRIDAE.
By LOUIS B. PROUT, F.E.S.
rPNHE Geometrid subfamilies treated of in this paper have already undergone
a preliminary revision at my hands (Genera Insectorum, fase. 104, 1910, and
129, 1912), but insufficiency of material, lack of time or occasion for real mono-
graphic work, and various other circumstances made it impossible to avoid a
number of uncertainties and even errors in matters of detail. Moreover, many
new species and forms have recently been discovered, in particular among a rich
collection made at Mt. Goliath, 5000—7000 ft., Central Dutch New Guinea (about
139° E. long.), by Mr. A. 8S. Meek. I therefore take this opportunity not only to
describe the novelties but also to introduce various notes and corrections concerning
earlier work.
As I hope shortly to publish a catalogue of the Hemitheinae in the “ Lepi-
dopteroram Catulogus,” it is not necessary here to refer to discoveries of synonymy
which need no particular comment, nor to give a list of the new species which have
been published since the appearance of my work on the “ Genera Insectorum” ; but,
with these exceptions, I shall endeavour to bring our knowledge as nearly as
possible up to date in all essentials, deeming it a manifest advantage to have the
whole within the same covers rather than spread over a number of detached notes.
For this reason no faunistic limits have been prescribed, although the New Guinea
Geometrids claim by far the largest share of attention.
Supramity ORNOCHROMINAE.
1. Dichromodes semicanescens spec. nov.
9,18 mm. Head, with face, fuscous sprinkled with grey. Palpus fuscous,
whitish at base. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Fore and middle
legs and hindtarsus fuscous on upper side, narrowly pale-belted.
Forewing rather short and broad, apex not acute, termen bowed, not strongly
oblique ; mostly grey in basal part, cell and entire area posterior to M and M’,
with coarse fuscous irroration ; basal part of cell and of costal area slightly mixed
with light ferrnginous-ochreous ; stronger longitudinal patches of the same distally
to cell, placed between SC* and R? and between R* and M', reaching as far as a
dark fuscous border, which rans from costa to tornus, about 2 mm, wide anteriorly
but narrowing to a point at tornus; first line fine, dark fuscous, indistinct, from
a thick black spot at one-fourth costa; a thick black costal spot proximally to
cell-spot, another distally to it; cell-spot black, continued with fuscous posteriorly
along DC; postmedian line scarcely traceable. Hindwing uniform fuscous, only
the inner margin slightly paler, with indications of beginnings of lines.
Underside shining greyish fuscous, forewing only with somewhat darker border,
hindwing with rather more brown tinge, rather less shiny, a dark discal spot and
dark border,
Geraldton, West Australia (E. A, Saunders). ‘Type in coll, Brit, Mus,
( 389 )
2. Nearcha agnata spec. noy.
3, 35 mm. Face blackish. Palpus about twice diameter of eye; black, at
base whitish. Antennal pectinations about as in aridaria Walk. Head, thorax,
and abdomen concolorous with wings. Forefemur darkened; middle femur hairy
(hind abraded) ; hindtibia with strong ochreous hair-pencil.
Forewing with apex prominent, termen waved, curved, oblique ; pale ochreous
grey with very sparse dark scales; first line obsolete ; postmedian, as in normal
aridaria, consisting of a curved row of black vein-spots, becoming small and less
distinct costally, closely followed (except at costa) by a curved brown line ; a small
dark, pale-centred discal spot (smaller than in aridaria) ; terminal black dots rather
larger than in aridaria ; fringe strongly dark-chequered, remaining pale opposite
the veins. Hindwing slightly paler, with dark cell-dot before one-third and
feeble grey, nearly straight line beyond middle.
Forewing beneath with cell-spot not pale-centred; no other markings. Hind-
wing beneath slightly hairy at base; hair-tufts ochreous, placed as follows: a
moderate black-mixed tuft in front of.vein C just before apex of cell, and a similar
one, but not black-mixed, in front of M in the end of the cell; ridges along vein ©
from the tuft about half-way to the end of the vein, and on M and especially the
base of R*; a large tuft at the base of and for some distance along and between
SC? and R’; markings consist of a moderately large black cell-spot on DC? and a
black spot at tornus ; terminal spots and fringe as on forewing.
Perth, West Australia (C. M. Worsfold). Type in coll. Brit. Mus,
Belongs to Section 1. (Gen. Ins. 104, p. 29), nearest aridaria, but differing in
the arrangement of the hair-tufts as well as in some details of wing-shape and.
markings.
3. Nearcha uncta spec. nov.
3,33mm. Face black. Palpus moderately long, black. Antenna two-thirds
length of wing; shaft ochreous, pectinations long, blackish. Crown of head mixed
ochreous and blackish, rather rough, projecting a small tuft anteriorly. Thorax
and abdomen concolorous with wings. Legs long and slender, femora glabrons ;
whitish grey, more or less speckled with fuscous; forecoxa, femur, and tibia
predominantly fuscous.
Forewing with costa very slichtly curved at base and close to apex, otherwise
straight, or almost concave ; termen straight, oblique; very glossy blackish grey
with a faint purplish reflection, costal edge narrowly ochreous; first line from
one-fourth costa to one-third posterior margin, consisting of large white dots on
veins and cell-fold; discal spot at beyond one-half, large, dark, but little con-
spicuons on the dark ground ; postmedian wavy, brownish, at 3°5 mm. from termen,
slightly incurved posteriorly, quite indistinct, bat marked with sharp white dots
on the veins, smaller than the antemedian series; a conspicuous pale, thick,
regularly dentate subterminal line ; distal margin tinged with blue-grey, with a
conspicuous series of small black dots ; fringe divided by a pale line beyond middle.
—lTindwing with costa long, apex rounded-prominent, termen straight nearly to
the rounded tornus ; paler, unmarked, terminal dots as on forewing.
Under-surface almost unmarked, both wings with cell-spot indicated, forewing
with a faint postmedian line, hindwing dark-speckled and strigulated.
( 390 )
Waroona, West Australia, May 27, 1909 (G..F. Berthond). Type in coll. Brit.
Mns., paratype in coll. G. Lyell, Gisborne.
Related to pseudophaes Lower; very distinct in its very dark, very glossy
coloration.
4, Ophiographa postmarginata spec. nov.
3%, 24-25 mm. Frontal protuberance rather less long than in serpentaria,
ending, as in that species, in a long, curved, horny point. Head and thorax con-
colorous with forewing, mixed with dark fuscous. d¢ antennal pectinations long ;
2 hindtibia with terminal spurs only.
Both wings in ¢ with termen very feebly, in ? rather more (but still only
slightly) subcrenulate. Forewing with termen strongly bowed, becoming very
oblique ; SC** anastomosing (SC? at a point only) with SC‘, M* well separate
from R’, DC! rather more vertical than usual; pale reddish grey, mixed, especially
in basal area, with red-brown, a sparser dusting of fuscous scales in the same area
(and in the ¢ in the distal area); costal margin as far as first line more fuscous ;
first line fuscous, from costa at beyond two-fifths to posterior margin at about (or
before) one-half, strongly dentate, the sharpest teeth on the veins and submedian
fold, pointing proximad; second line crenulate, 25 mm. from termen, nearly
parallel therewith, slightly incurved between R' and R* and in submedian area, in
? obseured by fuscous shading ; cell-spot weak; terminal line fuscous, thickening
between the veins; fringe whitish. Hindwing with SC?—R! connate; white
with a small dark cell-dot, feeble sinuous postmedian line and a fuscous terminal
shade, in the d 1:5 mm. broad, but in the 2 occupying half the wing, crossing the
postmedian line ; terminal line and fringe as on forewing.
Forewing beneath rather paler, almost unmarked, the postmedian indicated
by a dark spot on costa, accompanied distally by a pale one. Hindwing beneath
whiter than forewing, the cell-spot well marked, the postmedian and the terminal
shade indicated, the former accompanied proximally by a small fuscous costal
blotch.
Sherlock River, West Australia (BE. Clements). Type (¢) and paratype in
coll. Brit. Mus.
Evidently near dilutaria Warr.
5. Lissocraspeda pygmaea spec. nov.
3,20 mm. Head and palpus fuscous, more or less mixed with whitish, a
bar on forehead blacker, vertex more strongly mixed with white ; the strong frontal
prominence ending in two small pointed processes. Antennal pectinations long.
Thorax above fuscous, mixed with whitish ; abdomen paler, with narrow fuscous
belt at end of each segment. Legs mixed with fuscous and whitish.
Forewing fuscous, mixed with blackish, obscuring the markings ; antemedian
line blackish, only indicated as a short mark at about one-third costa; postmedian
blackish, slender, sinuous, at about 2 mm. from termen, thickest and most distinct
at costa, faintly traceable throughout, the inward curves between radials and in
posterior half; terminal line thick, black, interrapted. Hindwing white, dusted
with fuscous near termen, with two fuscous spots or beginnings of lines at distal
part of inner margin and a fuscous tornal blotch containing the darker beginning
of a third line ; an interrupted fuscous terminal line,
ie ae ee ee
bine...
wht
2.
ome
( 391 )
Forewing beneath much paler, darkest at costa and apex, unmarked ; hindwing
white, with coarse fuscous speckling costally, terminal line as above.
Sherlock River, West Australia (EH. Clements). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.
6. Homospora lymantriodes spec. nov.
3,35 mm. Structure as in the type species (7odoscopa Lower), but SC" of
forewing anastomosing at a point with C, R? of hindwing more strongly approxt-
mated at its origin to R'; wing slightly broader (less elongate) than in the only
example of rhodoscopa before me. Head, body, and legs concolorous with wings,
only the abdomen dorsally with bright golden-brown patch on basal segments, as
in the type species.
Forewing very light, whitish brown with a tinge of fawn-colour, the costal
edge with some small fuscous dots; two lines and central shade strongly expressed,
fuscous ; first line from before one-third costa to one-third hind-margin rather
thick, excurved in cell, somewhat inangled on M and SM’; median shade thick,
placed very near second line ; second line from three-fourths costa to near tornus,
dentate outwards on all the veins, and very faintly incurved from R! to R* and
from M! to SM°. Hindwing whiter, with a weak postmedian line, accentuated
by darker vein-spots, a vague fawn-tinged band proximal to it and some shading
at apex.
Forewing beneath with first line obsolete, median shade faint, postmedian
moderately developed ; hindwing beneath not whiter than forewing.
Sherlock River, West Australia (E. Clements). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.
Texture and coloration somewhat recall some Lymantriids.
7. Onycodes leptoctenopsis spec. nov.
3,30 mm. Face crimson, mixed with fuscous, narrowly edged with fulvous
beneath. Palpus fulyous, mixed with crimson. Vertex and antennal shaft bright
fulvous or reddish fulvous. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings; pectus
and forecoxa somewhat hairy. Fore- and midfemur and midtibia mixed with
pink, foretibia and fore- and midtarsus fuscous above, both tibiae and tarsi with
yellow spots, on the latter at ends of joints.
Wings falvous-brown, with sparse dark dots and_ strigulae. Forewing
with costal edge narrowly bright fulvous, narrowly followed from base to perhaps
one-fourth by a delicate pinkish shade ; two small purplish-fuscous marks on costa,
much as in trawmataria, the first at two-fifths, somewhat rhomboidal, the second
(a flattened triangle) midway between this and apex; a purple-fuscous line, oblique
and slightly curved, from close before apex towards middle of posterior margin,
closely accompanied proximally by a ferruginous brown line, which runs to the
middle of the posterior margin and is continued (more overlaid with purplish)
on the hindwing ; some apical markings similar to those of ¢trawmataria, some
ferruginons to fuscous wedges distally to the oblique line between the radials and
anteriorly; fringe slightly darkened with ferruginous, purplish-fuscous at apex.
Hindwing without markings, except the line.
Underside fulvons without definite markings, a pinkish-white dash at apex
of forewing, succeeded by a vague, pale, fulvous-brown, oblique line to middle of
wing ; costal edge of forewing clear bright fulvous, the rest of the wing irrorated
with darker shades—dull reddish distally, brighter pink near posterior margin,
( 392 )
otherwise dull purplish-fuscons, posterior margin itself whitish; hindwing less
irrorated, but with similar shades.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type and three other
3¢ in coll. Rothschild.
The wings are less produced apically than in the type species, scarcely longer
than in the South American genus Leptoctenopsis, to which (e.g. to L. subpurpurea
Warr.) the new species bears a curious superficial resemblance. In the forewing SC*
anastomoses with SC‘, as is normal in this group ; in the hindwing SC? and R! are
well stalked. Hvidently variable; one specimen is of a lilacine colour, only
weakly mixed with fulvous, the postmedian line rather faint, the distal wedge-
marks large and very black.
8. Gerusia polydaedala spec. nov.
3,47 mm.; 2,56 mm. Face brown, narrowly whitish above and beneath.
Palpus varied olivaceous grey, red and fulvous. Vertex and antennal shaft fleshy
grey ; collar and extreme front of thorax dark olivaceous grey, somewhat mixed
with brown. Thorax and abdomen above pinkish grey, with a slight violaceous
tone and with a few dark atoms; thorax beneath very pale olivaceous grey ;
abdomen in $ very robust, beneath fulvous somewhat mixed with ferruginous.
Forecoxa, inner side of forefemur, middle- and hindfemora and tibiae fulvous,
spotted and blotched with red.
Wings in ¢ with termen irregularly crenulate, especially the hindwing, which
projects about R* and M! and bears the strongest tooth at R*; in ? almost entire-
margined, the forewing (as in ¢) with slight curved excision behind apex, then
strongly gibbous, hindwing only very weakly undulate. Forewing with SC!
anastomosing with C (at a point in d, rather strongly in ?); hindwing with C
in ¢ normal, in $ closely appressed to SC, but not anastomosing.
Coloration exceedingly variegated.—Vorewing with the prevailing tone fleshy-
or somewhat violet-grey, with some dark dusting (especially in the ¢), basally and
distally somewhat paler than in the intermediate area, in the ? (especially distally)
slightly more yellowish-tinged ; a small dark discal spot ; antemedian dark line
indented on SC and the submedian fold, excurved between, oblique outwards to
posterior margin (in ? nearly obsolete, excepting the posterior end); two thick,
ill-defined red-brown lines from costa, the first (median) starting at two-fifths,
running very obliquely to posterior angle of cell, here bent at a right-angle, but
becoming almost obsolete, vaguely traceable again as a blotch at posterior margin ;
postmedian starting similarly obliquely to R!, where it forms an acute angle,
becomes fine, black, and denticulate, and rons about parallel with termen as far
as submedian fold, finally again brown and ontbent to posterior margin ; in the
? only, an oblique line, black at first, then brown, rans from apex and closely
accompanies the postmedian distally ; apical region somewhat dark-clouded, a white
subapical spot between SC° and R}, in the d extended to costa near apex as
an interrupted white line, in the ? merely accompanied anteriorly by a minute
white dot; twin black subterminal spots on either side of R*. Hindwing still
more brightly variegated ; prevailing tone in the cell ochreous, somewhat marked
with reddish, a small blotch of the same on R* submarginally, and a paler one
near tornus ; between cell and SM? whitish, coarsely spotted with olive-grey ;
inner margin in $ reddish, in d whiter, in both marked with fuscous ; a small
dark cell-spot and two thick transverse lines of reddish-grey or olive-grey at equal
—~
( 393 )
distances proximally and distally to it, the latter in the 2 nearly lost in olive-grey
clonding which follows it, occupying much of the distal part of the wing; in the d
the grey clouding is chiefly confined to the tornal half of the area; apex and
extreme tornus mostly pinkish in the 2, pale in the d, distal area about the medians
rather violet-grey than olive-grey, and containing two small red-brown blotches
(large spots).
Under-surface with the colouring somewhat similarly arranged, but stronger
and brighter, the distal area of the hindwing in the ? largely, in the ¢ in tornal
half rufous ; both wings with small black sabmarginal spots on either side of R?
and hindwing with one between M? and submedian fold; ¢ forewing with the
pencil of dark hairs which characterises the typical section of Gerusia.
Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 3500 ft., November
1908—January 1909, ¢ (type) and in coll. Rothschild.
There is no room to doubt that these are sexes of a single species, but the
differences in shape, and especially in hindwing venation, are very curious and very
disturbing taxonomically. They render my sectional arrangement of the genus
(Gen. Ins. 104, p. 54) untenable, for the ¢ would fall into Section I., the ? into
Section I1I. The general coloration and effect of the upperside are remarkably
suggestive of the Australian excusata, which is intermediate in shape between
the sexes of polydaedala, has a less brightly coloured underside, and lacks the
pencil of hairs. The other Australian species, multicolora Lucas, is also near ;
in it and polydaedala—the only two of which I have seen the sex—the 2 has
shortly pectinate antenna and a stronger anastomosis of SC! of the forewing than
I indicated in my diagnosis ; but mdticolora is normal in the anastomosis of C
of the hindwing.
As ab. maculata ab. nov. I describe a form with a black blotch in the
submedian area of the forewing distally to the postmedian line. Mount Kebea,
British New Guinea, 3000 ft., July 1903 (A. E, Pratt) 2 do in coll. Bethune-
Baker. As these two entirely agree, and have also a slightly less brightly
variegated underside than the type form, it is just possible that they represent a
local race ; but the known inconstancy of these dark blotches, and especially
the exact analogy of the allied G. virescens Warr. and ab. viridimacula Warr.
(Nov. Zool. xiy. p. 120), render it most probable that they will prove to represent
an aberration only.
9. Sarcinodes subfulvida ab. flaviplaga ab nov.
3. Bright liver-coloured, but distinguished from the hitherto described forms
in haying a large patch of yellow occupying a great part of the distal half of
forewing ; this starts at the end of the cell, with an irregular proximal boundary
(encroached apon by the ground-colour in the posterior angle of cell) and extends,
in its longer measurement, from close to the apex to SM’; distally it projects
roundly into the ground-colour on the medians and just behind R*, and comes nearer
the termen (about 2-3 mm.) in anterior half, while it is almost connected between
the radials with a second, but less pure yellow terminal patch which extends from
RK to M'. Hindwing with ill-defined yellow patch in centre. Postmedian line in
both wings very fine and yellow, on forewing accompanied proximally by small
blackish vein-dots.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 8500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
(394 )
10. Corium iridoptera spec. nov.
3? 28-31 mm. Similar to Ayperphyes Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii.
p. 704, but smaller ; forewing similarly shaped, the apex acutely produced, hindwing
with termen more convex. Structure about as in hyperphyes, of which the British
Museum now possesses, in addition to the type, a ¢ and ¢ from Aberdare
Mountains, British Hast Africa (7000—8500 ft., 8. A. Neave). Antennal ciliation
in ¢ very short (less than one-half diameter of shaft) and even; ¢ hindtibia with
short hair-pencil from femoro-tibial joint ; ¢ abdomen basally clothed beneath
with strong brown hairs, which are not observable in hyperphyes.
Bluish white, with very strong iridescence ; discal and terminal dots small,
the latter in particular strikingly different from the large bold dots of hyperphyes ;
antemedian and postmedian series of dots rather weak, the postmedian less
incurved posteriorly than in hyperphyes and less prolonged into dashes ; costal
margin of forewing scarcely tinged with grey; terminal grey line (which in
hyperphyes thickens at the vein-ends) very fine and sometimes almost obsolete.
British Hast Africa, the ¢ (type) and 2 2% from N. Kavirondo, Nasiri Hills,
4800 ft., June 14, 1911 (S. A. Neave) in coll. Brit. Mus. A pair from south and
east slopes of Mount Kenya, 5000—7000 ft., February 8, 1911, are probably
conspecific, but measure 34-37 mm., and the ¢ abdomen beneath is dark-haired
throughout.
11. Callipotnia angulifera spec. nov.
32%,42-45 mm. Rather larger than multicolor Warr., Nov. Zool. vi. p. 323.
Forewing with distal margin slightly more oblique, the wing thus appearing
more pointed at apex ; colour somewhat warmer brown (especially in the ¢, which
at the same time is more sprinkled with fuscous), postmedian line uninterrupted,
usually rather more pointed (in multicolor rounded) at R*, from thence to posterior
margin forming a gentle, regular inward curve ; its colour deeper, more ferruginous,
accompanied distally by a fine yellowish line; no round dark spot on posterior
margin. Hindwing also with a continuous, similarly coloured and similarly
accompanied postmedian, which is right-angled on R*, thence nearly straight in
both directions.
Under-surface dull reddish, strongly suffused with olive-grey, thus much more
sombre than in multicolor ; markings obsolete excepting a discal spot and post-
median line, the latter on forewing much less projecting in middle, on hindwing
more angled in middle, than in mz/ticolor ; 3 hair-tuft coloured as in multicolor.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), Type (d) in coll. Rothschild. Also a
pair from the Upper Setekwa River, in the same district, 2000—3000 ft.
August 1910, in coll. Rothschild.
12. Celerena remutata spec. nov.
?,62 mm. Probably related to mutata Walk., List Lep. Brit. Mus, xxxi.
p. 167, but with the dark border of both wings reduced to about the extent of that
of mitis Warr., the oblique dark band from midcosta of forewing uot joining the
border near tornus but separated by a small space of the ground-colour as in
triflaca Warr. From both mitis and trifava, remutata differs in the rather less
deep golden ground-colour and less black borders (varied with grey as in mutata, ete.)
———
_—
eh i i ii
( 395 )
with less crenulate proximal edze ; from the former also in the separation of central
band from tornus, and from the latter in the absence of subapical yellow patch.
Mount Kebea, British New Guinea, 3000 ft. July 1903 (A. E. Pratt). Type
in coll. Brit. Mus.
Cartaletis Warr.
My division of this genus into sections (Gen. Ins. 104, pp. 100-101) is not quite
eorrect. “ Section I1.—Build slender,” etc., should stand at the top of p. 101 ; fordbesi
and concolor, which Warren placed in Cartaletis, certainly belong to his Leptaletis,
i.e. the slender section. Indeed Butler’s type of variabilis (the name-type of
Leptaletis) seems conspecific with concolor ; the ampliflava forms may possibly
represent a separate species, and so may the redder fordesi Druce, but material
which is accumulating seems to indicate that we are dealing with one polymorphic
species, as is also believed to be the case with C. libyssa = montetronis = ethelinda.
13. Cartaletis libyssa euparypha subsp. nov.
3?,60-66 mm. Slightly larger than the typical eastern race, somewhat
brighter fulvous (less reddish), the white spots on the thorax more strongly
developed, marginal band of forewing somewhat differently shaped, its proximal
edge being more strongly curved or even bent in the middle; submarginal spots of
both wings purer, less creamy white, the subapical of forewing narrower, one or
two additional spots behind M?, the entire series on the hindwing larger than in
the type form.
Congo, without more exact locality. Type (¢) and paratype in coll.
Brit. Mus.
14. Paraptychodes perfulva spec. nov.
3, 33 mm. Differs from the type species (tenwis Butl.) in having the
subapical blotch of the forewing fulvous, not white. The yellowish-fulvous face has a
larger and deeper black spot on the upper part than in any specimen of tenuis
before me ; the abdomen is as bright fulvous as the wings, not more whitish, as is
usually the case in ¢enuis. Wings narrow, hindwing with a strong inner-marginal
fold, reaching nearly to M and M?, and mixed with black on the upper surface.
Unfortunately I am only able to compare ? % of the type species.
Witn, British East Africa, February 28, 1912 (S. A. Neave). Type in coll.
Brit. Mus.
A ? much larger (54 mm.) from Mozambique (coll. Brit. Mus. ex coll.
Distant) agrees in the fulvous subapical patch, but differs in that this reaches the
costal margin, the narrow black costal edging of the forewing failing entirely,
though there is a small black mark at base and another at before one-third, and the
hindwing has a complete, though rather narrow, black distal border, into which
the ground-colour projects somewhat between the veins; upper part of face
not black.
15. Paraptychodes costimaculata spec. nov.
?,61 mm. Head fulvous, with a broad black band across upper part of face
and a large black spot in middle of vertex. Palpus black, first and second joints
fnlyous beneath. Antenna thick, black, closely lamellate, without the short
pectinations of tenuis. Thorax fulvous, broadly black mediodorsally and mixed
with black beneath. Abdomen fulyous above, whitish yeilow beneath ; belted with
black at ends of segments.
( 396 )
Wings fulvous. Forewing marked with black at the extreme base and
along costa for 2 or 3 mm.; a black spot extending 2 or 3 mm. on costa at nearly
one-third ; a black apical patch of about the same extent as in ¢enwis, containing a
more extended and irregular white patch than that species, the black remaining
only as: a broad oblique band from costal margin half-way to posterior margin,
constricted at end of cell by a triangular encroachment of the ground-colour, a
moderate apical patch continued to beyond M? as a rather narrow distal band, and
a projecting prong from this latter along M' to near the costal band. Hindwing
with a narrow black border, broadest at apex, its posterior half consisting of three
large, somewhat round-edged blotches whose centres lie on veins R’, M! and M?,
and which are only very narrowly connected on the margin itself.
Under-surface the same.
Ndzooimi, Lagos district, Southern Nigeria, June 10, 1911 (W. A. Lamborn).
Type in coll. Oxford Musenm.
Colour and structure (except antenna) as in the East African tenuis Butl. ;
a pair of short median spurs present on the hindtibia.
16. Ergavia costimaculata spec. nov.
3, 50 mm. Antenna pectinate, the branches very short—only about the
length of diameter of shaft. Hindtibia with a single spur. Forewing without
areole, both wings with DOC* strongly incurved, M! separate. Head, body and
wings light wood-brown, marked with dark reddish-brown. Face, palpus, antennal
shaft and dorsum of abdomen coarsely spotted ; vertex, thorax and wings clearer,
except front of thorax, which is wholly dark.
Forewing with the usual raised black cell-mark; a large costal blotch at base,
reaching nearly to first line, a triangular one from first line to cell-spot and a
smaller subapical ; lines black, the first from costa beyond one-fourth, forming
a very strong outward curve in cell, and a strong outward angle on SM’, thick
from costa to mid-cell, thick-spotted at base of M?, in fold and on SM’, otherwise
very indistinct ; second line weak in parts, starting from a blackish spot on costa,
following about the same course as in most of the genus, thick on most of the
veins ; subterminal line pale, dentate, extremely indistinct except against the
subapical blotch, on either side of R?, where it is accompanied proximally and
distally by dark spots, and behind M?, where it is similarly accompanied ; termen
with large dark dots between the veins; fringe irregularly dark-spotted.
Hindwing with the raised discal mark black; the black postdiscal line stronger
than on forewing, with slight tooth outward on C, two stronger, even ones on SC?
and R?, a regular sinus between the radials and blunt teeth at R* and M! ; traces of
a much weaker, irregular, diffuse brown line nearer base, crossing end of cell ; the
area between the two lines, except costally, filled up with red-brown; some dark
spots proximally to the very faint subterminal line in costal half of wing and
between M? and margin.
Underside of forewing suffused with reddish, postdiscal line of both wings
traceable, chiefly by dark vein-dots, that of forewing distinct from M? to margin ;
both wings with small black cell-mark and with the subterminal blotches present.
Allianca, below S. Antonio, Rio Madeira, November—December 1907 (W.
Hofmanns). Type in coll. Rothschild.
Like drucei Schaus, but with pectinations less than half the length.
——
2% lchihtideih hie aoe a ee ——
ae ee
( 397 )
Supramiry HEMITHEINAE.
17. Pingasa multispurcata spec. nov.
?, 36-39 mm. Face broadly black above, narrowly whitish below. Palpus
two and a half times diameter of eye, pale, dark-mixed above. Thorax and abdomen
concolorous with wings. Foreleg strongly, middle and hindleg slightly fuscons
‘above, with the ends of the joints remaining pale.
Wings above similarly coloured to fephrosiaria Guen., but much more heavily
dark-sprinkled, antemedian line much less strongly outcurved, postmedian less
deeply dentate. Hindwing with the raised scales almost wanting.
Under-surface white, slightly more dusted than in ¢ephrosiaria, the discal
marks, at least on forewing, strong, subterminal band on both wings narrow, not
connected with termen by dark shading between the radials; on forewing con-
tintous or nearly so, constricted or slightly interrupted at the veins, on hindwing
much narrowed or interrapted at costa and about R*—M!, broadened between
the radials.
Rawal Pindi (type), Campbellpur, July 25, 1886 (paratype), both in coll.
Brit. Mus.
A distinct little species, hitherto apparently overlooked. Although both
examples are in good condition they show scarcely a trace of the tufts of raised
scales on the hindwing, but they are in every other respect absolutely typical
Pingasa.
18. Pingasa alba brunnescens subsp. nov.
Differs trom the type form (Pingasa alba Swinh., Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1891,
p. 491) in having the upper surface coarsely sprinkled throughout with light
ochreous-browuish ; postmedian line rather thick, intensely black. On the under
surface the postmedian is also discernible, blackish, the broad band which follows
it usually more tinged with brownish or smoky, hence distinctly differentiable, only
in the pair in coll. Wileman merged with the line.
Gifu, 1886, 2 dd 2 % (ex coll. Pryer); Ningpo, July 1886, 1 ; all in coll.
Brit. Mus. Himi (?), Lyo, June 29, 1896, 1 ¢ 1 & in coll. Wileman.
This is the Pseudoterpna alba of Leech (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p, 228),
bat although both he and I (Se/tz Macrolep. iv. p. 10) noticed the colour variation,
it has not yet been registered as a subspecies. After examining all the material
accessible to me I am, however, convinced that the differences are constant.
Some examples (chiefly ?) are more darkened than others, the Ningpo and Tyo
examples in particular, ‘ihe latter two have the band beneath very broad and
black, almost reaching the termen.
19, Pingasa nobilis spec. nov.
3,56mm. Face ochreous, withont dark bar above. Palpus paler, beneath
white, proportions as in ruginaria Guen. Vertex white tinged with grey. Thorax
white, above tinged with grey ; abdomen white, dorsally sprinkled with ochreous,
crests small, slightly ochreous, minutely black on either side, anal tuft and tuft
at base of abdomen beneath ochreous. Hindtibia strongly dilated, without terminal
process, tarsus barely over three-fifths tibia,
Wings shaped as in ruginaria, white, somewhat purer than in that species ; the
Speckling mostly grey, mixed with red at inner margin of hindwing. Fore-
wing With first line blackish, at costa thick, deep velvety black, its course as in
(398 )
the allies, the angle on submedian fold acute; discal mark normal, elongate ;
both wings with postmedian line formed about as in 7%fofasciata Moore, but
thicker, distal area deep purple-grey, as in the darkest ruginaria, leaving a white
midterminal blotch on both wings.
Under-surface nearly as in ruginaria, the basal yellow shading more restricted,
on forewing slight except along costal margin.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild. Also Haidana,
Collingwood Bay, April 1907, and a short series from Kumasi River, British
New Guinea, at low elevation, May, August and September 1907, all in coll.
Rothschild.
Differs from chlora, ruginaria, ete., in the more ochreous, not black-banded
face, and in having the postmedian line neither deeply dentate nor in its middle
outeurved. In all these respects nearest the Assam form of 7w/fofasciata Moore,
which is smaller, the darker borders of a totally different colouring, the underside
with more yellow, ete. The teeth in the postmedian line are moreover really
more intermediate towards those of chlora, and that on SM? of the forewing is
rather pronounced.
20. Pingasa victoria spec. nov.
2, 46-47 mm. Shape and structure of ch/ora Cram. (palpus 3°5 mm. long,
third joint fully 1:5 mm.). Face black in upper half, whitish ochreous in lower.
Palpus white beneath, more tinged with ochreous above. Vertex, thorax and
abdomen concolorous with wings. Fore- and middle-legs blackish above and on
inner side, spotted with white at the ends of the joints.
Wings coloured as in the coldest (least red-mixed) chlora; lines rather
fine, grey-blackish, on forewing arising from deep black costal spots ; first (on
forewing only) at 55 mm. from base, only very gently outcurved in cell and
submedian area; postmedian of forewing from costa at 12 mm., running somewhat
outwards to R? 5 mm, from termen, the tooth on R! slight, that on R? extremely
slight or wanting, teeth on R* and M!' equidistant from termen, those of M? and
SM? slichtly farther from it (a very slight proximal curve of the line in its posterior
part); postmedian of hindwing approximately parallel with termen, except near
apex, the teeth quite moderate, the proximal curve between the radials slighter than
in chlora, the tooth on R? minute or wanting. ;
Under-surface white, both wings with rather narrow black distal band, that of
forewing leaving a white spot at apex aud white band from R and not quite reach-
ing posterior margin; that of hindwing leaving narrow, irregular marginal band,
nearly or quite interrupted by the black about R*; forewing with small black cell-
mark, hindwing without.
Victoria Falls, Rhodesia, February 16, 1911 (L. A. Sabine). Type in coll.
L. B. Prout. A second example from Barberton, Transvaal (L, de Beer) in coll.
A. J. T. Janse, Pretoria.
Distinguished by the little ontcurved antemedian line and the outward sweep
in the middle of the postmedian of the forewing.
21. Hypodoxa fulgurea spec. noy.
32, 46-54 mm. Face olivaceous ochreous, darker mixed below. Palpus
mixed olivaceous and fuscous above, reddish mixed with white beneath, Thorax
( 399 )
and abdomen above concolorous with wings, beneath (and on sides of abdomen)
bright golden yellow, the breast pink.
Wings very varied with pink, white and blue-grey scales, and in places with
olive-ochreous ; lines and some costal spotting on forewing black. Forewing with
a line close to base, obsolete costally, outangled on M and SM?; antemedian from
two-sevenths costa to near one-third of posterior margin, indented on veins,
excurved between ; postmedian from nearly two-thirds costa to beyond middle of
posterior margin, commencing about vertically, very gently incurved between the
radials, markedly toothed on R* and M?, then retracted basewards but with a
further tooth on M?, approximately parallel with antemedian (3—4 mm. distant
from it) from behind M? to posterior margin; discal mark elongate, ill-defined ;
subterminal line whitish, consisting of a series of long teeth ; terminal line black,
slightly interrupted anteriorly ; between the basal and antemedian lines there is an
ill-defined whitish band; proximally to the antemedian and distally to the post-
median (especially in the ¢@) narrow, ill-defined olive-ochreous bands, and some
similar shading appears in the distal area, especially in the middle. Hindwing
with the postmedian, subterminal and terminal lines, the first-named narrowly
followed by zwArtish ; distal area as on forewing ; tufts of raised scales mostly dark
grey ; abdominal margin and its fringe bright golden yellow.
Underside of forewing mostly pink in proximal half, costally olive-ochreous or
bright yellow, a large roundish black discal spot, followed by a small white patch ;
a velvety blackish, violet-mixed distal band, leaving free a small pale apical space.
Hindwing beneath bright golden yellow in proximal half, then narrowly white,
distally broadly blackish, less intense and more mixed with violet terminally.
The sole ? before me, besides its larger size, is characterised by a much
stronger admixture of blue-grey above (here almost black), especially between
postmedian line and termen, though leaving on forewing a pale apical patch.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October— December 1910 (A. 8S. Meek). Type 3 and a $ in coll, Rothschild, Also
a 3d from the Upper Setekwa River, September 1910, in coll. Rothschild, and one
from Mount Kebea, British New Guinea, 3600 ft., July 1903, in coll. Bethune-
Baker.
Resembles the purpurifera form of emiliaria Guen, ; termen of forewing
slightly more oblique, under-surface of forewing with the purple mostly replaced by
pink, the subcostal yellow colouring restricted ; under-surface of hindwing without
discal spot, the yellow generally restricted, a better developed white band inter-
vening before the black border.
22. Hypodoxa multicolor ab. circumsepta ab. nov.
%. Differs from Warren’s type (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 17) in having the ground-
colour slightly paler, the forewing beyond the postmedian line and nearly the
whole of the hindwing suffused with dark purple-brown or red-brown ; on the
forewing a patch at apex, one on mid-termen and a small one at tornus remain of
the ground-colour ; on the hindwing one at mid-termen and a smaller one at tornus,
also a part of the patch of raised scales.
Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Datch New Guinea, 3500 ft.,
November 1908—January 1909 (type); near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains,
Datch New Guinea, October—December 1910; both in coll, Rothschild,
( 400 )
Probably only a recurrent aberration, as I have seen virtually typical mz/t?-
color 3 from the Ninay Valley, but possibly a prevailing race in Dutch New
Guinea,
23. Hypodoxa leprosa incarnata subsp. nov.
3%. Differs from typical leprosa Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 124) in the 2? being
entirely deprived of green coloration. The paler parts (subbasal and median areas
of forewing and parts of the distal area of both wings) are of the same pinkish
white shade (* pinkish ochreous ” of Warren’s description) as the costal half of the
median area of the hindwing. The blackish band-like markings proximally to
the first line and distally to the second look rather more purple and less heavy
than in the type form, Under-surface of forewing rather brighter pink than in
the type form, the distal blackish area not quite so broad. The colour of the head
and body is similarly changed, the face pinkish above, bright orange below, not
crossed, as in leprosa leprosa, by a blackish bar.
The ¢ differs much Jess from the type form, preserving a general green tone
though much more mixed with pink; face with traces of a rufous bar in the position
occupied by the blackish bar of the type form ; the dark markings heavier than
in the 3 leprosa leprosa, the pale patch in the hindwing of ? leprosa leprosa also
suggested,
Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A.S. Meek). Type (2) and paratypes (1 d,
222) in coll. Rothschild, the ? 2 quite uniform in appearance.
24. Hypodoxa lichenosa rufomixta subsp. noy.
3%. Both sexes more mixed with rufous than in typical Uichenosa Warr.
(Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 124). In the d this rufous admixture is most apparent in the
median area: longitudinal clouds, on the forewing across the cell-spot and
posteriorly to vein M, on the hindwing across cell-spot. In addition all the
purple-fuscous marks are intensified and slightly sprinkled with rufous, and there
is a more distinet whitish-green line or narrow shade distally to the postmedian.
In the median area of the hindwing of the ? (which, as in the type form, is broadly
hoary) the increase of rufous is very apparent (excepting a narrow hoary band
proximally to the raised scales), also in a subbasal band of the forewing, as well
as a brightening of the ordinary dark markings. Underside nearly as in the type
form, but without yellow admixture at base and abdominal margin of hindwing.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), type (¢) in coll. Rothschild.
The ? (slightly worn) is from the same locality in January.
25. Hypodoxa ruptilinea spec. noy.
9,55 mm, Head and palpus ochreous, tinged with greenish, face mixed with
red-brown and fuscons scales. Antenna ochreous to beyond one-fourth, Thorax
above red-brown varied with olive, in front chiefly olive and whitish, ends of
tegulae mostly olive; beneath mostly greenish ochreous. Abdomen above red-
brown, mixed with white and varied in places with olive; beneath paler. Legs
tinged with fuscous, especially inner side of foreleg ; foretibia above bright
ochreous ; all femora strongly haired.
Forewing with termen becoming strongly oblique, the wing thus appearing
somewhat more elongate and narrower than in the allies ; colours very varied,
( 401 )
predominantly red-brown, mixed in places with olive ; costal margin broadly olive,
black-spotted, narrowing distally; extreme base mostly white; some subbasal
whitish blotches between the veins; median area mostly white, speckled with
red-brown and with large red-brown discal spot ; lines darker red-brown, the first
from costa at one-fourth, with bilobed distad projection in cell and single pro-
jections behind M and SM’; second from costa at five-eighths, strongly oblique
outwards to R%, then parallel with termen, dentate on the veins, especially R*, M!
and SM? ; subterminal line thick, white, dentate, bent basewards behind R', almost
interrapted on R*, which is here olive-shaded, behind this vein again as near
termen as at R’, then slightly incurved behind M?; a black blotch proximally to
the subterminal between R* and M?, an olive one distally between the radials ;
terminal line thick, black, strongly interrupted at veins; fringe grey, bisected by
a thick blackish line. Hindwing with the principal tuft of raised scales long,
eyen-margined, white at its base, tips reaching to end of cell, under them some
blackish shading ; a postmedian dark line starting from costa opposite subterminal
of forewing, lunulate-dentate to R}, straight to R* in middle of wing, there bent
distad and slightly interrupted, then again straight, slightly curved distad at
abdominal margin; a thick white line accompanies this line distally, and beyond
it there is some black shading, especially in abdominal half of wing ; subterminal
line strongly zigzag at first and rather ill-defined, from R* white and formed
nearly as on forewing ; terminal line less interrupted than on forewing ; fringe as
that of forewing.
Under-surface whitish suffused with grey; hoth wings with very broad black
band in distal half, shading off somewhat lighter to the termen itself; base of
both wings suffused with ochreous yellow, extending irregularly along the veins;
forewing with large oval black cell-spot, hindwing with discocellulars weakly
marked with grey, somewhat as in muscosaria Guen.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
Readily distinguished by the shape of the postmedian and good development
of the subterminal line, the long and regular hair-scales of the hindwing and other
characters, as well as by the shape. Third joint of palpus rather shorter than in
most of the species. In the forewing SC! is connected with C by a moderate,
oblique bar, and R® arises from near R'. The broad black border of forewing
beneath shows no trace of the white spots which are conspicuous in most of the
species; the comparative dulness of the underside recalls muscosaria almost as
much as the emliaria group; viridicoma Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi, p. 18), from the
Solomons, is near it in the postmedian line, etc., but of a quite different colour,
with emiliaria-like underside, longer third joint of palpus, and longer hindwing,
26, Aeolochroma intima spec. nov.
3,50 mm.; %, 54-58 mm, Structure, shape and general facies of the a/di-
Susaria-turnert group, the typical section of Aeolochroma, Face in upper half
yellow-green, narrowly red-brown above ; in lower half red-brown, very narrowly
whitish green below. Palpus red-brown, paler beneath, Head green, slightly
mixed with whitish and with red-brown. Antennal shaft red=brown, fascicles of
cilia in dg about as long as its diameter, Thorax green, patagia red-brown, slightly
yariegated with whitish and sometimes with green, Abdomen above varied reds
26
( 402 )
brown and green, usually with some purple-fuscous spots; crests green. Under-
side of body and legs paler, more ochreous, foreleg and (more slightly) middle-leg
marked with red-brown.
Wings green, in ¢ moderately, in ¢ very strongly blotched with purple-fuscous.
Forewing with costal edge mostly purple-fuscons, interrupted with pale green
or whitish at origin of all three lines and from the subterminal almost to apex ;
lines pale green or whitish, often interrapted in parts by the dark blotching, or
indistinct in parts through being scarcely differentiated from the ground-colour ;
antemedian from about one-fourth costa, angled on C, strongly (rather longer than
in turneri, prasina, ete.) oblique distad half-way to cell-spot, then falling nearly
perpendicularly on posterior margin, rather evenly dentate ; postmedian nearly
as in prasina, but rather more strongly dentate still, and more nearly perpendicular
in its posterior course, the enclosed central area rather broader, especially posteriorly ;
subterminal forming a white or whitish V close to costa, scarcely traceable beyond;
the purple-fuscous clonding consists of: a basal patch, projecting posteriorly to cell ;
an interrupted narrow band (at least between M and SM?) proximally to first line ;
a line, bar or band distally to first line, occasionally complete, usually interrupted in
anterior part of cell; a line proximally to postmedian, occasionally interrupted near
costa, always filled up with a proximal blotch between R! and M’, and usually (in
varying intensity) one between M? and posterior margin; a cell-mark (in ? large;
a small costal patch anteriorly to the subterminal ; a thick curved line or band from
posterior margin close to tornus, touching the postmedian at M'—R?, joining an
irregular patch which runs between the radials (in 2 sometimes continued to SC*) ;
in 9 almost the entire area between this curved band and the termen is filled up
with the purple-fuscous colour, leaving only a small green terminal spot between
R? and M'; a thick terminal line and more or less strong blotches in fringe.
Hindwing with white or pale dentate postmedian line, purple-fuscous-margined
proximally; purple-fuscous shading costally ; purple-fuscous blotches proximally
to the vague subterminal, placed at costa, between radials, and between M? and
abdominal margin ; in ? almost the entire basal area as far as postmedian line
purple-fuscous and the subterminal blotches much extended, connected but leaving
at least a green spot between R' and M', as on forewing ; cell-spot present, rather
obscured in the ? by the dark surroundings.
Underside of both wings pale ochreous to beyond one-half, bounded by a thick
red line, which is slightly or moderately outbent in middle on the forewing and
always outangled on or just behind M! on the hindwing ; followed narrowly and
interruptedly on forewing, broadly on hindwing, by a white band ; distal area mostly
reddish, duller terminally, enclosing a pale spot at apex and a white one between R*
and M'; cell-spots smaller than above, that of forewing followed as far as the red
line by an ill-defined whitish patch,
Mount Goliath, Jannary—February 1911 (A.8, Meek) 2 dd, 3 22% in coll.
Rothschild, the type (¢) February.
Very near to—perhaps a race of—albifusaria Walk. (List Lep. Brit. Mus. xxxv.
p- 1589), which I cannot compare side by side. As in that species there is a reddish
spot at tornus of forewing ; usually also (especially in the d) there is some whitish
shading beyond the discal spot of the forewing above as well as beneath. The
variable purple-fyscous blotching of the central area of the forewing often absorbs
it almost entirely from posterior margin to M!, and in one ¢ joins the proximal dark
band behind cel], here obliterating the antemedian line.
( 403 )
27. Aeolochroma bakeri spec. noy.
3,34 mm. Face fuscous with a broad white bar across forehead (containing a
small fuscous mark at upper edge) and a narrow one at lower extremity. Palpus
fuscous above and on outer side, pale ochreous beneath, Vertex greenish ochreous.
Antenna shortly and evenly ciliated (the cilia not disposed in fascicles as in the typical
species). Thorax green ; patagia very variegated, roughly in bands of green, white,
black, red, and again at the tips white. Abdomen ochreous tinged with green.
Forewing with termen slightly more crenulate than in prasina Warr. (Nov.
Zool. iii. p. 282), more definitely bent at R*; coloration somewhat as in prasina, the
dark shades deeper and richer ; basal patch broken and ill-defined, bright ochreous
mixed with reddish and black, the strongest projection behind cell ; median area
even broader costally than in prasina, the two starting from enlarged black costal
spots ; anteriorly this area is of the ground-colour, the dark shade being confined to
the posterior half and some projections anteriorly beside the lines; proximal dark
shade of the subterminal interrupted, but strongly diffused proximally in posterior
half of wing, nearly meeting the second line ; the pale patch from secoud line to
termen between R* and M! (indicated in many of the genus) extremely conspicuous;
terminal dark line thick. Hindwing as far as the postmedian (which is scarcely
dentate) strongly shaded with the dark colour, but with a quadrate whitish mark
behind the cell-spot, much as in amethystina ; pale subterminal broad, well developed
from R? almost to inner margin, its dark proximal shading strong.
Underside similar to that of 7xt/ma, the ochreous parts coarsely though sparsely
speckled with fuscous, the forewing less variegated, without definite red line, hind-
wing with the line less red (more fuscous), thicker, roundly bent, not angled, a large
dark discal spot present, distal area more fuscous.
Dinawa, British New Guinea, 4000 ft., August 1902 (A. E. Pratt), Type in
coll. Bethune-Baker.
28. Aeolochroma amethystina (Warr.).
Of this species Warren (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 123) knew the 3 only, described from
Biagi. I have recently seen 3 dd, 2 2? from Mount Goliath, January—February
1911. The ¢ possibly shows indications of belonging to a different race from
Warren’s, the green colour above beingr..ther more restricted, the hindwing beneath
paler, especially the subterminal and terminal bands, but the differences are so very
slight that I abstain from imposing a subspecific name. The ¢ antenna of this
species is only very minutely ciliated, without the fascicles of the typical group ;
termen of both wings slightly more markedly crenulate.
2.62 mm. Larger than the J, of a paler, more reddish purple, the darker
shading distally to the first line and proximally to the second scarcely appreciable ;
the lines themselves broader, especially at the margins; the white discal spots
greenish, that of forewing joined with a broad irregular green patch from costa ;
green shading between costa and SC anteriorly to this patch ; a green costal patch
from apex to subterminal; a small green terminal spot between R* and M!,
Hindwing also with cell-spot indistinct and green, a very small green terminal spot
between R® and M?. Underside with the red parts much less bright, forewing with
the white apical patch obsolete, the discal spot and green costal patch adjoining it
nearly as above, some strong black subterminal and terminal markings. Hiodwing
with similar black markings, in one example weaker,
( 404 )
). Metallolophia arenaria (Leech).
Leech’s very faded type, a ¢ from Kiukiang (Zr. Ent. Soc. London, 1889,
p. 144) has long remained unique. Recently, however, the British Museum has
acquired a beautiful ¢ from Maymyo, Burma, April 1912 (I. M. Mackwood), which
must be a form of this species, although the first line of forewing falls almost
vertically on hindmargin, while in Leech’s type it is here markedly oblique inwards,
Otherwise the differences are only such as are explainable by the condition. Lines
on forewing and at costal margin of forewing blackish, the whole hindwing strongly
sprinkled with dark parple; the markings on the underside, though identical, show
up more strongly in dark purple, especially an interrupted distal band. The face,
front of thorax and base of forewing look brighter (redder). The ¢ characters are
not typical; antenna with short stout pectinations, about as long as diameter of
shaft ; hindtibia dilated, with hair-pencil.
Crypsiphona Meyr.
The larva, of which I failed to find any account (see Gen. Ins. 129 p. 44), is
described (without a name) by Brittlebank (Viet. Nat. v. p. 116), and is figured and
described by Anderson (‘bid. ix. p. 89). It seems to be related to that of Terpna
(Hypobapta) percomptaria Guen., which I strongly suspect—in spite of the paucity
of good imaginal characters—is entirely distinct generically from the Indian
Terpna. :
30. Oenochlora imperialis majestica subsp. nov.
Differs from the typical (Australian) form in several particulars, although
none are very momentous.
Parple-fuscous dusting stronger and coarser, especially in proximal area —-
Forewing with costal part of antemedian line strong, postmedian not parallel.
with termen, but more nearly with antemedian, its costal one-fourth obsolete.
Hindwing with salmon-coloured and rose-coloured costal clouding brighter, wedian
line thick, mixed with rosy, expanding between R! and R*, Underside with the
purple bands broadened, hindwing without discal mark. All the “ whitish ochreous”
parts of the Australian form (see Turner’s description, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales
xxxy. p. 644) are here deep, bright ochreous,
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ie
October—December 1910 (A, S, Meek); a few dd in coll. Rothschild, qui
uniform,
31. Agathia defecta spec. nov.
2,48 mm. Face, palpus, and antenna pinkish brown, lower part of face and
underside of palpus and of clavola almost white. Vertex pinkish brown, occiput
green, Thorax and abdomen above pinkish brown, base of tegulae green ; abdomen
with very slender erect crests. Underside of body whitish. Legs whitish, foreleg
browner on inner side, :
Wings shaped about as in pisina Butl. 2, or with the termen of forewing
slightly more convex —a little recalling that of Adloeopage cinerea Warr. ; venation
normal. Predominantly pinkish brown, costal margin of forewing rather paler,
the bright yellow-green ground-colour reduced to the following patches:
Forewing: a broad subbasal band, immediately following the usnal basal
brown patch (which is here slightly larger and more convex-margined than in
( 405 )
most of the genus), 5 mm. wide in cell, 2 mm. anteriorly (and not quite reaching
costa), about 4 mm. posteriorly ; an oval subterminal patch between SC* and R?,
its longitudinal measurement somewhat exceeding the transverse; a very small
spot anteriorly and another posteriorly to this patch———Hindwing: a rather
more extended subbasal patch, reaching the costal margin and nearly reaching
base and abdominal margin, its distal edge projecting costally, behind R? and
behind M’ ; a narrow subterminal patch from R! to just behind R?; a very small
spot anteriorly to this patch ; a speck on submedian fold about midway between
snbbasal patch and termen. Both wings with a pale line at base of fringe. The
usual dark red terminal markings on either side of the tail of hindwing discernible
but not-at all conspicuous.
Under-surface dirty white-yellow with a faint tinge of green, forewing with
a pink suffusion posteriorly to cell, reaching from SC to submedian fold, a broad,
irregular, deeper pink band beyond it from costa to tornus, a round grey apical
spot and lighter grey terminal suffusion ; hindwing with an equally broad post-
median pink band and some extremely narrow grey terminal shading.
Mount Goliath, March 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
I know no Agathia species with which to compare this; the strong restriction
of the green coloration a little recalls Adloeopage cinerea Warr.
32. Agathia laetata (I.).
I referred here (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 58), but doubtfully on account of the reputed
locality, the Phalaena zonaria of Donovan’s Insects of China, suggesting at the
same time as a possible alternative that the last-named might be a remarkable
laetata-like aberration of carissima Butl. I find that Pryer (Trans. As. Soc.
Japan xii. p. 59) thinks zonaria = carissima, but probably he was only acquainted
‘with the single Japanese species of the genus (cavissima), so that his opinion does
not really add appreciably to the elucidation of the question, especially as nearly
all the members of the /aefata group are so closely related that Hampson
(Faun. Ind. Moths, iii. p. 487) and Turner (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxxv.
627) have made a clean sweep of them as synonyms, or at the utmost subspecies.
Alloeopage gen. nov.
When I wrote my revision I had seen so little material in the genus Helicopage
and was so much in the dark regarding cinerea Warr. and velata Warr. that I did
not venture to remove them from /edicopage, where they had been provisionally
located by Warren, merely indicating the probability of a distinct genus. I have
since satisfied myself that he was right (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 330) in placing them
together as sexes of a single species (though he then overlooked his own older
name of “ Agathia cinerea,” imposed on the ? three years earlier), and that the
unique venation is constant. The d retinaculum also, though strong, has not
the characteristic form of /elicopage. 1 give the characters of the new genus
as follows :
Palpus with second joint reaching a little beyond frons, shortly rough-scaled
above and moderately beneath ; third joint smooth, in ¢ rather long, in % long.
Antennae in d shortly pectinate. Pectus hairy, Femora somewhat hairy. Hind-
tibia in ¢ somewhat dilated, with hair-pencil ; in both sexes with all spurs.
‘Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in both sexes fully developed. Wing-shape
( 406 )
nearly as in //elicopage, but with the termen much more weakly crenulate-—
Forewing with cell less than one-half, DC moderately to rather strongly incurved
(but less extremely oblique posteriorly than in /elicopage), SC’ long-stalked, their
stalk approaching or anastomosing with (,SC? sometimes anastomosing with SC*",
R! separate, M' separate. Hindwing with C shortly and closely appressed to
cell near base, often with a point of anastomosis, then very strongly diverging,
DC ineurved, becoming strongly oblique, SC? separate, R? from well above middle
of DC but not extreme, M! separate.
Type of the genus: Adloeopage cinerea (Warr.) = Agathia cinerea Warr. (%)
= Helicopage velata Warr. (3).
In my Key to the Genera, Alloeopage can be conveniently placed at the
very beginning of Group IV.:
Forewing with SC? stalked with SC! . ape : : . Alloeopage.
Forewing with SC? stalked with SC?” : : 3 , ; the rest.
33. Aracima serrata Wileman.
The type is a 2, not d as given in the description (nt. xliv. p. 271). The
frennlam is singularly weak, and unless it is damaged the species can hardly
remain in Aracima, though all other characters agree.
Anisozyga Prout.
In this rather extensive genus I allowed a few species to remain which onght
to have been removed. My sole excuse is that, with such an enormous number
of Hemitheine species to examine in a limited time, I ventured to trast some
plausible-looking placings in Anisozyga (Anisogamia Warr., nom, praeoce.) without
examining all the characters so carefully as was always done where there seemed
more likelihood of error or doubt. Nos. 23, 27, 28, 34, 35, and 36, having glabrous
femora and wanting the ? frenulam and ¢ hindtibial process, are manifestly
out of place in Anisozyga and even in Group IV. On No. 28, datis Warr., see
Oxychora, infra. No. 36, triseriata Warr., sinks as a synonym to Prasinocyma
nivisparsa Butl.; coerulea Warr. is a Gelasma, in so far as that genus differs
from Prasinocyma, which is little more than a matter of shape; aldiseriata
Warr. must be called a Prasinocyma, but is likely related, in its very slender,
elongate palpus, ete., to the group of small species (virédaurea, ete.) which I have
left in Gelasma, but which may probably form a new genus; scintillans is also
a Prasinocyma, related to nivisparsa ; and seminivea belongs in the same vicinity.
34. Anisozyga polyleucotes ab. adornata ab. nov.
Together with typical d ¢ of this species occurred two smaller d 3 (36-87 mm.),
with the ground-colour purer white (not creamy), the green markings somewhat
extended, and in particular with a small rafous subapical patch on the hindwing
above, in the position of the blackish one of the underside, but less extended.
On the forewing the green markings in the middle of the wing are more confluent
about the origin of the median veins, and on the Acndwing there is a larger and
better defined green blotch between the radials just beyond the cell, while the
white discal mark is less conspicuous and appears less raised ; on both wings
the subterminal green markings are also somewhat better developed. Hindwing
( 407 )
beneath with the apical dark blotch appreciably narrower. Head and thorax above
rather more strongly mixed with green.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type and paratype in coll. Rothschild.
Not unlikely a good species, as no intermediates are known, and the ground-
colour may be significant. On the other hand, Warren has described (Nov. Zool. xix.
p- 68) as absona ab. exalbata a somewhat similar form, but still more creamy than
polyleucotes, and with more green than adornata; and there is just a possibility
that one polymorphic species (adsona Warr.) may prove to cover all the forms.
35. Anisozyga mimicaria spec. nov,
3,28 mm. Related to absona Warr. (Nov. Zool. ii. p. 287), but considerably
smaller, the costal edge of forewing less darkened, all the white markings extended ;
in particular the large midcostal spot of forewing is continued as a narrow dentate
band to posterior margin, the first outer band is broader and uninterrupted, the
succeeding band of white marks enlarged. On the other hand, the red-brown
subapical spot of hindwing is considerably reduced, both above and beneath, on
the upper surface restricted to two very small broken spots, one on each side
of SC’,
Mimika River, New Guinea, July 1910 (A. F. R. Wollaston). . Type in coll.
Brit. Mus.
36. Anisozyga stellifera spec. nov.
3, 30-36 mm, Head green, somewhat spotted with white. Palpus green,
whitish beneath and at tip. Abdomen dorsally green, spotted with white, and with
a small blackish spot towards anal end. Pectus, pencil of hairs, and underside
of abdomen white. Foretibia and tarsus fuscous spotted with white.
Wings semitransparent green, of the same shade as in the fascinans group,
to which it evidently belongs. Usually larger than stellata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv.
p- 129), markings nearly as in that species, the apical, subapical, and mid-
terminal white spots of forewing smaller, the discal spot usually wanting or greatly
reduced, only in a single example well developed. No white fillet.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), Type and seven other
34 in coll. Rothschild.
Smaller than normal absona Warr., more strongly white-dotted on veins,
wanting the large discal patch, submarginal bands reduced, subapical spot of
hindwing smaller.
37. Anisozyga iridescens (Warr.).
Warren (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 81) described this species from the d only. A
series from Mount Goliath, January—Febrnary 1911, includes two 2 2, which I
haye no hesitation in referring here, the agreement being complete except in the
dark dorsum of abdomen and presence of double dark spot on posterior margin
of forewing at about two-fifths, and of dark terminal blotches on both wings.
That of the forewing is purplish-fuscous proximally, becoming more whitish
distally, is abont 1°5 mm. in width anteriorly, its proximal margin curving basewards
from R! to beyond R?*, then receding to termen at M', only some very narrow
terminal shading remaining purplish-fuscous posteriorly ; that of the hindwing is
similarly formed, but a little narrower. A. reducta Warr. (Nov. Zool, xix. p. 70)
is possibly hardly more than a local race of 7ridescens ; its d scarcely differs except
( 408 )
in the presence of a minute fuscous apical blotch on hindwing, but the 2 has broader
and more complete dark borders. Both have the discocellulars formed as in Oxychora,
but the ? frenulum is fully developed and the characteristic hair-pencil of Anisozyga
is present beneath (white). The doubtful zmmwba Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 128) is
another close ally, with the borders more reddish.
38. Anisozyga albifinita spec. nov.
3,34 mm. Face whitish, somewhat mixed with green. Vertex green. Palpus
green on outer side, white beneath ; third joint elongate. Thorax and abdomen
above grey-green, strongly mixed with purple-fuscous ; beneath white, the pencil
of hairs apparently white (in part damaged). Foretibia and tarsus dark fuscous
spotted with white. :
Both wings with discocellulars formed somewhat as in Oxychora ; subdiapha-
nous grey-green, vaguely watered transversely with rather darker grey-green, the
veins interruptedly fuscous. Forewing with costal edge purple-fuscous, with a
few small whitish dots; first line rather broad, whitish, lunulate, outcurved in
submedian area and terminating in a large, distinct white spot on posterior margin ;
discal spot dark fuscous ; postmedian line scarcely traceable except as a conspicuous
white spot on posterior margin at about 3 mm. from antemedian ; a vague distal
bordering of purple-fuscons, its proximal edge about 3 mm. from termen costally,
projecting between radials and again behind M*, where it reaches the white post-
median spot, only 2 mm. wide between R* and M’; a fine dark terminal line,
swelling into spots between the veins, Hindwing with rather large dark cell-
spot, inner margin somewhat variegated, being mixed with purple-fuscous dusting
and some small whitish spots; a vague purple-fuscous border and dark terminal
line nearly as on forewing.
Underside paler, almost unmarked ; forewing with a small dark cell-spot, both
wings with terminal interneural dots.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
39. Anisozyga albinata taminata subsp. nov.
3, 36-38 mm.; 2, 32-33 mm. Differs from typical albinata Warr. (Nov.
Zool. xiii. 80, as ab. of /lavilinea) in having the purplish-fuscous cloudings greatly
extended, the abdomen dorsally mostly purplish-fuscous, some of the white dorsal
spots obliterated, and in haying the antemedian line (which, as in albinata albinata,
is only distinct in the anterior half) white, not yellowish, The fuscous markings
normally consist in the forewing of a median band 3-4 mm. in width right across
the wing, and some terminal clouding from costa to across R*; on hindwing of a
much enlarged apical blotch (reaching across R* and almost to the postmedian line)
and some narrower shading on abdominal margin. The d type and one $ (Oetakwa
River) conform absolutely to this description, a second $ has the markings very
slightly less extended ; another d is intermediate towards the type form, having lost
the terminal dark markings of the forewing and the abdominal of the hindwing,
while the band is narrowed and the apical blotch of the hindwing and the dorsal
markings of the abdomen are reduced.
Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000—3000 ft.,
August 1910 (A. S. Meek), type d and a further d and ? ; near Oetakwa River, up
to 3500 ft., October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), one ? ; all in coll. Rothschild,’
( 409 )
Possibly a distinct species, as the ¢ hindtibial process appears longer—nearly
as long as first tarsal joint (in a/binata about half as long). Possibly, again, a
form of the following ; the group (speciosa Luc., ete.) is very difficult.
40. Anisozyga dorsimaculata spec. nov.
36, 34-38 mm. Similar to favilinea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 80), differing as
follows: Brighter, more yellowish green ; palpus and antenna (especially clavola)
brighter, lighter reddish brown (less fuscous) ; occiput entirely green, whereas in
flavilinea there is a somewhat irregular crescentic white mark posteriorly and in
albinata (which I regard as bon. sp.) a white dot ; antemedian line extremely slender,
usually interrupted, white, not yellowish; postmedian obsolete, except between R?
and M! of forewing and R* and M! of hindwing, where it is white ; subterminal
series of spots similarly obsolescent ; terminal white dots in anterior half of each
wing excessively minute; fuscous discocellular shade of forewing weak, costal
edge on the contrary more broadly fuscous ; under-surface with the pale markings
weaker; abdomen without white spots, but with a very large fuscous blotch (in
flavilinea and typical albinata confined to a single segment, in dorsimaculata
occupying three); d antennal pectinations rather shorter (little longer than
diameter of shaft); ¢ hindtibial process about 1 mm. in length, as long as first joint
of tarsus, hair-pencil very strong.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), type and others ; Upper Setekwa River,
2000—3000 ft., August (2), September (2), 1910 (A. 8. Meek) ; Mount Goliath,
February 1911 (A. 8. Meek) ; all in coll. Rothschild.
Perhaps still closer to speciosa Luc., of which I do not know absolutely
anthentic males, but which seems to include certain forms with very little white
marking. Except the difference in the dorsum of abdomen I can point to no decisive
differential character.
41. Anisozyga albilauta ab.
niviplena ab. nov.
3, 35mm. Differs from the type form (Anisogamia albilauta Warr., Nov. Zool.
iy. p. 33 = fragmentata ab. major Warr., ibid. xix. p. 69) in the considerable
extension of the white markings, which gives it a very different aspect. _ Costal
margin of fore- and inner margin of hindwing more broadly white; first line of
forewing much thicker, cell-mark not dark-pupilled, postmedian line broader, not
interrupted, posterior blotch extended almost to tornus, a white subterminal line
connected midterminally with apical and subtornal blotches. Hindwing with a
thick white cell-mark, thick, uninterrupted postmedian and a subterminal similar
to that of forewing.
Near Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000—
3000 ft., September 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
The type specimen of alsilauta Warr. is in very worn condition, but a
careful comparison with that of major Warr. (bon. sp.) leaves no doubt of their
identity.
42. Anisozyga isogamia spec. nov.
3, 28-29 mm.; %, 34 mm. Very like /ragmentata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv.
p- 127), but with the sexes nearly alike ; somewhat more translucent (colour of
iridescens Warr.), the veins strongly dotted with white ; costal edge more narrewly
(410 )
white, much more strongly dark-speckled, the speckling. olive-brown rather than
dark fuscous ; discal spot of forewing reduced, less distinctly ocellated, the two
subapical costal spots farther apart, the proximal reduced, the distal nearer apex
and increased to a strongly dentate thick line, reaching to R' or nearly to R*.
In the ¢ the white thoracic blotch encloses less, and less definite, dark marking,
but its posterior part is more extended transversely; in the ? the dorsum of
abdomen is mainly dark fuscous. The ¢, as in fragmentata, has the abdominal
margin of the hindwing whitish ; in the ¢ it remains green. In fragmentata the
venation is normal, DC of forewing a rather deep but regular curve, of hindwing
curved, becoming oblique, with R'—M! well stalked ; in ‘sogamia it is as in the
iridescens group and in Oxychora, DC* acutely inangled, hindwing with M’ varying
from connate to short-stalked. The pencil beneath base of forewing is white, as in
Sragmentata.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 3 dd and 1 ? in coll.
Rothschild.
43. Anisozyga orbimaculata magnificata subsp. nov.
3, 35-36 mm. Larger than typical orbimaculata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. 129)
from Biagi, the deeply lunulate-dentate proximal white line not or scarcely inter-
rupted, the white distal markings less grey-dusted, enlarged, especially the
“racket-shaped”? marks of the antepenultimate series between R* and M?, which
form distinct, broad, confluent patches ; a white discal dot is present on the forewing;
the apical blotch of the hindwing is darker than in Warren’s type and less regularly
rounded: uniform purple-fuscous, or at lightest dull rufous internally instead of
whitish pink, and with a broader and darker purple-fuscous circumscription ; but
I gather from the description that this spot varies in colour in the Biagi form.
Abdomen with a rather large purple-fuscous blotch on fifth abdominal, which is
only indicated by a few dark scales in the type form; the white dorsal dots well —
developed.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 7 dd in coll.
Rothschild, showing no variation except in colour of apical blotch of hindwing.
44. Anisozyga decorata goliathensis subsp. noy.
3. Only different in a few not very striking, but apparently constant characters
from decorata decorata from the Angabunga River (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 79). Costal
spot at origin of antemedian line scarcely wider than the line itself ; tornal blotch
of forewing smaller, reduced on the underside to a few fuscous scales; subapical
blotch of hindwing less elongate, leaving a patch of the ground-colonr from the tooth
at the end of R! almost to the apex, whereas in decorata decorata it extends right to
the tooth at end of R?.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 5 dd in coll.
Rothschild.
Rather brighter green than desolata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiy. p. 126), which has
no tornal blotch to forewing, a larger discal mark, whiter postmedian line, larger
and rather brighter subapical blotch to hindwing, ete.
45, Anisozyga bifuscata spec. nov.
3, 32-36 mm. Head and face green. Palpus fuscons, its underside and the
extremities of second and third joints white. Thorax green above, white beneath,
(411 )
the pencil of hair pale green. Foretibia and tarsus fuscous spotted with white.
Abdomen dorsally green, with a white spot at base, then one or two small white
dots, then two or three sometimes partly confluent fuscous blotches.
Wings green, shaped and coloured about as in the preceding. Forewing with
costal margin purplish-fuscous, spotted with whitish; a reddish spot at base ; first
line reddish, somewhat white-mixed, strongly zigzag, from costa at about 4 mm.,
M-shaped outwards in cell, strongly angled on vein M, making a bold outward
sweep in submedian area, but with a slight indentation at its extremity on the
fold, finally bending outwards again from SM? to posterior margin; a similarly
coloured, indistinct, elongate cell-mark ; postmedian line apparently also zigzag,
but very ill-defined, chiefly showing as spots between the veins: a subapical
purple-fuscous blotch ; a few subterminal pale spots, only that between R* and M!
prominent (of moderate size and white) ; distal margin with white dots in the
teeth ; fringe mostly reddish-fuscous. Hindwing without the costal, basal and
antemedian markings; subapical fuscous blotch larger than on forewing.
Under-surface whitish green, costal margin of forewing somewhat ochreous,
spotted with fuscous ; forewing with a fuscous discal dot, both wings with deep
fuscous subapical blotch and some terminal fuscous dots between the veins, at least
in anterior half.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 7 dd in coll. Roth-
schild.
Nearly related to decorata Warr., but at once distinguishable by the strong
fuscous subapical blotch of forewing both above and beneath. R*-M!? of hindwing
are rather shortly to moderately stalked ; in the only two decorata which I have
before me they are scarcely stalked-- virtually connate.
46. Anisozyga eranna spec. nov.
3, 34-35 mm. Face and vertex bright green, the face narrowly edged with
white beneath, the occiput with some reddish spots. Palpus ochreous reddish,
narrowly white beneath. Antenna ochreous reddish, spotted with brick-red ;
pectinations short. Legs ochreous reddish above, white beneath ; foretibia and
tarsus darker, spotted with whitish. Thorax above green, with small reddish
patch in middle ; beneath whitish, the pencil of hairs green somewhat mixed with
white. Abdomen above green with some whitish mediodorsal spots and a reddish
belt about the fifth and sixth seements, and reddish extremity.
Wings bright green, costal edge of forewing and fringes of both wings
ochreous-reddish mottled with light brick-red., Forewing with a white dot at
base ; antemedian line white, edged with reddish, starting from a thickened costal
spot at 3 mm., indented on cell-fold and more slightly on M, somewhat excurved,
ronning into a red blotch on hindmargin at nearly 4 mm.; discal spot large, white,
crescentic ; postmedian line arising from a large white reddish-edged costal mark
5 mm. before apex, but largely obsolete, being only represented by a few dots and
by a fine laonule between R* and M'; midway between postmedian and termen a
series of white, not reddish-edged, spots between the veins, only that between R*
and M! large; distinct. ochreous whitish dots in the teeth at the vein-ends.
Hindwing with cell-mark smaller, first line obsolete, a large apical reddish blotch,
darker in its centre ; the rest as on forewing.
Underside whitish green, the costal edge of forewing and the fringes nearly
as above, the markings of the upper surface mostly faintly reproduced ; forewing
(412 )
with a narrow bright green costal mark proximally to the postmedian pale blotch
and a broader one distally to it, the latter containing the first two white spots of
subterminal series ; hindwing with the centre of apical blotch fuscous.
Mount Goliath, January—Febrnary 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type and two others
in coll. Rothschild.
The blotches on the upperside are coloured nearest as in veniplaga Warr.
(Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 130). From desolata Warr. (ibid. p. 126) eranna can be
distinguished at once by its brighter colour, much lighter and differently shaped
reddish blotch, white spot between R*® and M! on both wings, green not brown
costal mark near apex of forewing beneath, ete.
47. Anisozyga beatrix spec. nov.
3, 40-43 mm. Face green. Vertex whitish ochreous. Palpus with third
joint elongate ; ochreous, paler beneath and at tip. Thorax and abdomen. above
mostly green, thorax posteriorly and abdomen at base occupied by a large, some-
what shield-shaped, pale fleshy, darker-edged blotch, abdomen afterwards with some
dorsal dots of the same colour and a large posterior blotch. Pencil of hair at base
of forewing beneath green.
Wings green with some ill-defined whitish dots and strigulae. Forewing
with costal margin strongly ochreous ; a moderate whitish-fleshy subapical blotch,
counected with apex by a costal streak ; a very small subterminal mark of the
same colour on posterior margin; a very weak, slender, sinuous antemedian line
and indications of small cell-mark; termen subcrenulate, with white dots at
vein-ends. Hindwing with a moderately large apical blotch of the same colour
as that of forewing, dark-edged and containing a few small fuscous dots and
two large dots on termen, between C and SC? and between SC? and R!; termen
strongly crenulate, with white dots at the vein-ends.
Underside whitish green, both wings with the apical blotch present, that of
forewing fuscous in its middle, that of hindwing all fuscous except the extreme
edges. ;
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 5 do in coll. Roth-
schild.
Related to sexmaculata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 134), the blotches exactly the
same colour, but smaller, less numerous, costal margin of forewing more ochreous,
dorsum of abdomen also different.
48. Anisozyga delectabilis spec. nov.
3d, 38-41 mm. Face green, narrowly white below. Palpus ferruginous above,
overlaid with black at least in the basal part of second and third joints, these joints
whitish at tips; all whitish beneath. Head green, slightly mixed with ferruginons.
Antenna pale ochreous spotted with ferruginous. Thorax above green, narrowly
variegated with ferruginous and blackish in middle; metathorax with a bright
ferruginous tuft. Abdomen above mostly green, with white dorsal spots, segments
2 and 3 narrowly belted with ferruginous and black scaling at end, segments 4-6
more largely mixed with these colours dorsally. Pectus whitish, pencil of long
hair green. Legs whitish, forefemur and tibia above and tibia on innerside fuscous,
foretarsus fuscous above, with ends of joints white ; hindtibia with terminal process
quite short.
Wing-shape and venation normal. Rather dark but semitransparent green.
( 413 )
Forewing with costa ochreous mixed with ferruginous and spotted with
fuscous ; an irregular pale line at base; some fine white subbasal markings,
tending to form one or two irregular transverse lines ; antemedian line slender,
white, lonulate-dentate, the teeth pointing proximad on the veins, the course
oblique outwards to submedian fold, then incurved to SM?® and again oblique
outwards to rather before middle of hindmargin, here accompanied proximally by
a flattened, red, black-mixed blotch, slightly variable in extent, but never crossing
far beyond SM?; a crescentic white cell-mark ; postmedian line white, somewhat
zigzag, lunulate-dentate, the teeth pointing distad on the veins; thickened and
produced at R!, exceedingly fine from R! to beyond R?, a little thickened at R*;
also thick costally, where it forms a white proximal margin to a ferruginous and
reddish subapical blotch which contains distally two black, distally white-edged
spots ; a small, flat, ferruginons, black-marked blotch on posterior margin from
postmedian line to tornus ; a small white triangle in or close to apex ; a smaller,
rounder white dot behind it, between SC°® and R', a series of minute interneural
ones (mostly in pairs) continuing these subterminally ; terminal whitish triangular
dots at vein-ends; fringe pale with a broad, interrupted, reddish-fuscous line
intersecting it before middle and a greyer one distally.—— Hindwing without first
line, white cell-mark or inner-marginal blotches, the rest nearly as on forewing ; a
white spot (sometimes minute) at the base of M’; the subapical blotch of forewing
here becomes apical, and is extended nearly to R*, is more black-dusted and contains
two or three rather large black spots.
Under-surface much paler green, the white markings of upperside present but
feeble, the apical blotches of both wings present, uniformly blackish.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Roth-
schild; 9 other dd in coll. Rothschild and Brit. Mus.
Possibly a local race of gracililinea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 127), from which
it scarcely differs except that the postmedian line of both wings is dentate on
all the veins, whereas in that species it makes a single bold curve from before R3
to behind M?, and that on the forewing the line is more faint about R? and R?.
From decorata Warr., which it also resembles, it can be distinguished by the
deeper, bluer green colour, clearer white lines, larger blotch on posterior margin
proximally to the first line of forewing, larger subapical blotch on forewing
beneath, etc.
?. A ? which I think, on account of the tufted metathorax, position and
course of antemedian line, thin, curved discal mark, approximation of lines on
posterior margin, separated subapical spots of forewing, white colour at apex, ete.,
may be referable to this species, should be described here. 36 mm, Face green,
thorax partly green, vertex, middle of thorax, metathoracic tuft and abdomen mixed
with white and deep flesh-colour—JSorewing with base and costa broadly the
same, the narrow, curved discal mark confluent therewith ; first line white, rather
thick, wavy, rather oblique outwards from costal margin to submedian fold, here
roundly bent and thence slightly incurved ; accompanied proximally in posterior
half of wing by a rather large, deep flesh-coloured blotch ; postmedian line white,
from nearly two-thirds costa, about parallel with termen to R*, then strongly out-
bent, forming a strong rounded prominence, incurved again to and along M?,
approaching first line, the enclosed green space from here to posterior margin being
only about 1 mm. broad; a narrow pale fleshy band follows the postmedian, then
three ovate green spots between SC! and KR’, separated by pale veins, succeeded
( 414)
distally by a thick deep flesh-coloured line ; a further narrow white band, a thick
deep flesh-coloured line (arising from green subapical spot), and finally a white band,
broadest in anterior half of wing ; terminal line thick, green, interrupted with white
at the vein-ends; fringe with alternately white and fleshy lines, but more spotted
with fleshy opposite the veins. Hindwing green as far as the postmedian line,
merely with a small, fine white cell-mark ; postmedian line and distally nearly as
on forewing, no green costal markings, the white terminal band much less clear.
Underside paler, the markings more shadowy, but with an almost complete fuscous
subterminal band on the forewing (occupying the position of the two outer fleshy
lines and their interspace), only obsolete from costal margin to SC* and containing
a pale spot between SC! and SC; hindwing with a similar band from costa to R*,
broad anteriorly, narrowing, a very feeble and slender outeurved continnation from
R* to M?.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), in coll. Rothschild.
49. Anisozyga longidentata spec. nov.
3,29 mm, Face green, white below. Palpus green, third joint not very long,
white. Vertex green mixed with white. Antenna white spotted with red-brown ;
pectinations short. Thorax mostly green, the pencil beneath wanting. Abdomen
dorsally green with white spots. Foretibia and tarsus fascous spotted with pure
white. ;
Forewing with termen moderately crenulate ; green, rather more yellowish
than in most of the genus, irregularly spotted and streaked with white, especially in
basal area ; costal edge narrowly deep chocolate, spotted with white; lines white ;
antemedian thick, from costal margin at almost one-third to posterior margin at
one-half, strongly outbent on entering cell, thence lunulate-dentate ; postmedian at
about 3°) mm. from termen, deeply dentate, the distal teeth placed on the veins, the
proximal filled in at their tips with white spots and giving place to thickened Junules
posteriorly ; a chain of elongate interneural white spots shortly beyond the post-
median, more closely approximated to it in the posterior than in the anterior half
of the wing; a series of similar but smaller ones close to termen; termen with
white dots at vein-ends; fringe green, filled in with white in the interneural crenu-
Jations. Hindwing with termen strongly crenulate; mostly white, marked with
green in inner-marginal region, with green cell-spot and very deeply dentate green
lines beyond ; the first with the points of all the distal teeth approximately equi-
distant from termen, but that on R? much the longest, on account of extremely deep
indentations of the line on either side of it ; the second similar, its deepest indenta-
tion between R? and R°, its distal teeth running along the veins to near termen ;
the third (subterminal) consisting of narrow interneural V-shaped marks pointing
proximally, their apices slightly filled in with green, their distal extremities in part
touching a green terminal line ; fringe as on forewing. ;
Underside much more yellowish ; the costal edge of forewing deeper ochreous,
both wings with two ill-defined, thick, approximated whitish postmedian lines, the
proximal the more dentate.
Mount Goliath, January—february 1911, 3 gd in coll. Rothschild.
A very distinct species. The discocellalars are formed almost as in Oxrychora,
but the frenulum, the hairy femora, etc., indicate a trae, if slightly aberrant,
Anisozyga.
( 415 )
50. Anisozyga lenis spec. nov.
3,34mm. Very closely related to swhliturata Warr. (Nov. Zool. vi. p. 327)
but smaller; otherwise the differences noticeable on the upper surface are slight.
Ground-colour slightly more greenish, the green markings a little less deep, hence
the contrast decidedly toned down; distal edge of median band of forewing and the
corresponding edge of green basal half of hindwing less deeply scalloped out between
R? and R* and between M? and SM’; on hindwing also this green area is rather
more extended, and there is a small, only slightly broken reddish subapical blotch in
place of the “blackish” (purple-fuscous) dots of sudliturata. Underside without
the olive basal suffusion, the thick olive-fuscous postmedian line which bounds it (or
which remains even when, as in some swbliturata from the Oetakwa River, the
suffusion is nearly obsolete) reduced to a dentate line from C to R*; the olive-fuscous
submarginal band very much narrowed, even somewhat interrupted, widening merely
at costal extremity, especially on hindwing, and emitting no blotches proximally
between R? and R®*.
Dinawa, British New Guinea, 4000 feet, Angust 1902 (A. E. Pratt). Type in
coll. Bethune-Baker.
That this is not a local race of swhliturata is proved—apart from the almost too
great differences in the position of the markings—by the occurrence of typical
- subliturata at the same time and place.
51. Metacineta vernicoma spec. nov.
?, 30 mm. Structure and general coloration entirely agreeing with the other
species of the genus, hindwing not noticeably bent at R%, abdominal crests very
small, red, on a rather broad red mediodorsal stripe, wings less strigulated with
whitish.
Forewing with costal edge whitish yellow, not white, not dusted with red except
at extreme base; discal dot small, red; no other red spots ; no white spots at vein-
ends, a fine, interrupted red line at base of fringe, followed in fringe by red spots
opposite the veins, Hindwing with similar discal dot and bordering.
Under-surface paler, without discal dots ; no red line at base of fringe, no red
dusting at base of costa of forewing.
Sonthern Nigeria, January 1909 (G. C. Dudgeon). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.
An extremely worn % from the Oban district, Southern Nigeria (P. A. Talbot), also
probably belongs here.
In the fore- as well as in the hindwing R? arises quite near R!.
52. Comibaena castaneata (Warr.).
Comostolodes castaneata Warr., Nov. Zoal. xiii. p. 87 (1906),
Probolosceles agathia Warr., ibid. xix. p. 80 (1912).
Pyrrhorachis castancata Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 239 (1912).
I find that this very distinet little species possesses a frenulam—slender and
colourless, but not extremely short. It is probably a very specialised development
of Comibaena, with the five subcostals and KR? all stalked together and the 3
hindtibial process wanting. The wing-shape and pattern give some suggestion of
the pictipennis group of that genus,
( 415 )
53. Comibaena rhodonia spec. nov.
2,22 mm. Face and palpus white marked with green ; palpus with second
and third joints very long. Vertex green. Antenna simple, whitish. Thorax
green above, in front white spotted with red ; abdomen with some white, red-edged
spots (partly discoloured), anal extremity white.
Forewing with SC! from cell, anastomosing with OC, SC? arising before SC® ;
light apple-green, costal margin spotted with red, the red becoming predominant
distally, expanding at two-thirds and again at apex, enclosing white spots at the
expansions ; an ill-defined red, white-dotted spot on posterior margin before one-
half, a few red scales on M before origin of M?; cell-dot black; a series of
postmedian red blotches, enclosing white dots or dashes on the veins ; first bloteh
small, on R!; second large, from R? to across R* and followed by some red dusting
along R* to termen; third blotch small, on M'; fourth large, from tornus and
posterior margin to across M?; termen with small, white-centred red spots at vein-
ends ; fringe pale green, marked with red opposite the veins. Hindwing with
termen rounded, M! stalked ; concolorous with forewing, with small black cell-dot
and series of terminal red, white-centred spots, that at tornus larger.
Underside pale green, costal margin of forewing tinged with reddish, both
wings with weak cell-dot.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
Nearly related to inductaria Guen. and viridifimbria Warr.; distinguished by
the large rosy blotches: not impossibly an aberration of the latter.
54. Racheospila nortia (Druce).
Synchlora(?)- nortia Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. ii. p. 93; Prout, Gen. Ins. 129 p. 115.
I was unacquainted with this species when my Revision appeared, and merely
cited it in the position assigned by Druce. I have now seen examples from Costa
Rica collected by Mr. Schaus, and find that it belongs to the diarita-group of
Racheospila, i.e. Lissochlora Warr., as already suggested with a query by Warren
(Nov. Zool. vii. p. 135). A much larger form—or very close ally which I have not
yet been able to differentiate—occurs in S.H. Peru.
55. Racheospila superaddita spec. nov.
d,18 mm. Face red, with two white spots below. Palpus red above, beneath
and at end of second joint snow-white. Vertex and antennal shaft snow-white ;
occiput red. Thorax and base of abdomen above green; abdomen with four raised
white dorsal spots standing on a dark red ground, those on second and third
seements large, confluent, occupying a great part of the segments, that on fourth
smaller and detached, that on fifth still smaller. Pectus, abdomen beneath, and
legs mostly white; posterior tibia with rather strong pencil and well-developed
terminal process one-half as long as tarsus.
Forewing apple-green, with costal edge red at base, otherwise snow-white
narrowly margined with red; a minute red cell-spot; a fine, indistinct, curved
whitish antemedian line from M to posterior margin ; a distinct, somewhat lunulate-
dentate white postmedian, 2 mm. from and parallel with termen, only slightly
incurved posteriorly ; terminal line fine, red, nowhere thickened; fringe white,
finely and weakly barred with reddish opposite the yeins and with the tips reddishe
( 417 )
tinged.-——Hindwing with termen slightly more prominent about R* than in the
allies, C not anastomosing with cell; postmedian line removed rather further from
termen ; terminal line and fringe as on forewing.
Under-surface paler, the red at costal margin of forewing rather broader ; cell-
dots and line obsolete.
Jimenez, W. Colombia, 1600 ft., July 1907 (dry season). Type in coll. L. B.
Prout.
Although this group (Section IL., Gen. Zns. 129, p. 109) is already rather
extensive and the species closely allied, I have seen all except venustula Dogn.,
and desteraria Grossbeck (both of which are shown by the descriptions to be entirely
different) and cannot refer the present species to any. Nearest to sigillaria Guen.
and ephippiaria Méschl., the white lines better developed, red on termen and fringe
less developed, hindwing less perfectly rounded, ¢ hindtibial process longer,
56, Progonodes holochroa spec. nov.
3,38 mm. Head and palpus green, a narrow white fillet between antennae.
Antennal shaft ochreous whitish. Thorax above green, beneath white. Abdomen
above dirty ochreous whitish with a slight admixture of green ; crests dark purplish
bronze. Legs whitish, tinged (especially the fore and middle pairs) with reddish
brown above and on onter side.
Wings shaped about as in stagonata Feld. (Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127,
f. 25). Forewing uniform bluish green, not very densely scaled ; costal margin
with coarse fuscous speckling which does not quite reach the extreme costal edge ;
a fuscous discal spot; a series of large white dots at the vein-ends; terminal
line fuscous, somewhat interrupted by the extremities of the white dots; fringe
ochreous, slightly tinged with fuscous opposite the veins. Hindwing concolorous,
with a rather large white discal spot on DC? and a very small one posteriorly on
DO*; termen and fringe as on forewing.
Underside much paler. Forewing with costal margin broadly tuscous as far
as end of cell (the extreme edge quite ochreous), ochreous beyond, with a few coarse
fascous speckles ; cell tinged with fuscous; fringe as above. Hindwing with the
large white discal spot feebly indicated ; fringe as above.
Chiriqui, Panama (received throagh Staudinger and Bang-Haas). ‘Type in coll.
L. B. Prout.
Readily distinguished from its nearest allies (stagonata and arycanda) by the
absence of white admixture in the green ground-colour.
57. Chlorodrepana cryptochroma spec. nov.
¢,32mm. Face black. Palpas black, base beneath lighter and more reddish,
Antenna ochreous. Thorax above green. Abdomen scarcely crested; brown, dorsally
spotted and speckled with blackish. Legs ochreous, forelegs fuscou above.
Forewing with KR! not stalked, M' barely stalked; uniform deep blue-green,
extreme costal edge salmon-colour. Hindwing with M! barely stalked; deep
blue-green, costal area as far as middle of cell and R* (rather less far towards
apex) salmon-colour.
Underside ochreous ; forewing, with the exception of the margins and an
ill-defined apical patch, strongly irrorated with blackish, base of costa and most
of submedian area rather more reddish ; hindwing similar, the entire area, which
27
( 418 )
above is salmon-colour, here rather free from blackish irroration and slightly tinged
with reddish, distal half of submedian area also rather free from irroration, but not
reddish.
N. Kavirondo, Maramas District, Nala, British East Africa, 4500 ft., June 20,
1911 (8S. A. Neave). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.
A very distinct species, entirely without the discolorous distal borders of the
other species of Chlorodrepana.
58. Gelasma insulsata (Warr.).
Euxena insulsata Warr., Nov, Zool. iv. p. 39,
This species is clearly a Gelasma by all characters. On my first examination
of Warren’s type I noted the basal expansion of the hindwing, which would place
it in my Group V., but by some unaccountable oversight I ignored this note later,
and left the species in Huwxena (Gen. Ins. 129, p. 64), although with a query on
account of the pectinate ¢ antenna. I have recently re-examined the type.
59. Gelasma albitaenia spec. nov.
32%, 28-34 mm. Face ochreous, with lower edge white. Palpus ochreous
above, white beneath. Antennal shaft white proximally, ochreous distally ;
pectinations ochreous. Vertex white, a band posteriorly concolorous with thorax,
Thorax above olive-green mixed with white ; abdomen paler; both beneath white.
Forewing coloured and marked nearly as in spwmata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii.
p. 88), but wanting the dark cell-spot and with the white subterminal line broad
and conspicuous, somewhat inbent at R? and in submedian area. In this it more
resembles thetydaria Guen., which has longer, more fuscous pectinations, much
broader, differently placed lines, rather broader hindwing, ete. Hindwing
slightly narrower than in spwmata, the tail at R* slightly less pronounced ; coloured
and marked similarly to that species, cell-spot wanting ; the white subterminal
much narrower and less conspicuous than on forewing.
Underside whitish, similarly but much more faintly marked, almost
unicolorous.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type ¢ in coll. Rothschild. Also a %
from Setekwa River, September 1910 (coll. Rothschild), and a farther example in
coll. Brit, Mus.
60. Gelasma smaragdina spec. nov.
?,29 mm. Face green. Palpus rather slender, twice diameter of eye,
terminal joint moderate ; green, paler beneath. Head green; a fillet and base of
antenna white. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter with small white
spots. Fore-femur and tibia green above.
Forewing with apex sharp, termen almost smooth, oblique, scarcely convex ;
SC! curved, successively approaching © and SC? (on the right wing in the unique
type touching the former, thus certainly variable in the species), DC deeply incurved,
R? much before middle, M! separate; rather bright, light blue-green, costal edge
(except at base) light purplish-fuscous strigulated with whitish ; lines and discal
spot (rather near first line, cell being short) much yellower green; first line from
before one-fourth costa to one-third hindmargin, excurved and sinuous, accom-
panied proximally by faint pale shading; postmedian at three-fifths, slightly
( 419 )
incurved between radials and posteriorly, slightly excurved between, accompanied
distally by a series of white vein-spots ; terminal line dark brown, thickest at
yein-ends, gradually narrowing (in places almost interrupted) between ; fringe very
pale whitish yellow. Hindwing with termen subcrenulate and a moderate tooth at
R’; cell one-third, C closely appressed for a short distance, R? from very near R?;
cell-spot, postmedian and terminal lines and fringe as on forewing.
Under-surface whitish blue-green, costal half of forewing brighter green with
whitish, fuscous-spotted costal edge except at base ; no other markings.
Mount Goliath, March 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
More vivid green than most of the genus.
61. Gelasma balteata (Warr.).
The type of this species (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 137) is a 3 in worn condition, the
palest parts therefore appearing clearer white than would otherwise be the case.
I have now before me two ? ? from Monnt Goliath, February 1911, in beautiful
condition, which may possibly represent a local race, but are probably typical of
the species. Their size is larger (30-32 mm.), the elbow in the termen of the
hindwing appears slighter, the white areas of both wings are well speckled with
green, terminal line green, fringe whitish, tinged with green.
The ? palpus is slender, with the terminal joint moderately elongate. In all
three specimens SC! anastomoses with SC?.
62. Gelasma bicolor privata subsp. nov.
3,24 mm. Differs from typical bicolor Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 88) in its
slightly larger size, rather less strong tail to hindwing, slightly whiter, slightly
less irregular lines, with the accompanying green shades rather less thick, the
postmedian and the cell-spots obsolete beneath, the underside of hindwing, and of
forewing at distal and posterior margins, being whitish, the rest of forewing greener.
The third joint of the palpns looks slightly longer, but this may be merely a matter
of position or exposure, as no precise measurements have been possible.
SC! of the forewing arises from the cell and anastomoses at a point with C,
afterwards closely approaching SC? ; R! is connate or barely stalked ; C of hind-
wing anastomoses at slightly more than a point with the cell, R*® arises very near
R!. Antennal pectinations coarse and curved, as in Thalassodes ; hindtibia dilated,
with hair-pencil and very short terminal process.
Monnt Goliath, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek).
63. Gelasma submixta spec. nov.
2, 22-24 mm. Near commixta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 89), similarly
coloured but less mixed with white, smaller, both wings rounder, forewing with the
postmedian line more curved, bearing no white vein-dots distally. The green
lines and cell-spots are not on the whole very conspicuous—/.e. not greatly
darkened ; the dark terminal line is marked chiefly—in some examples only—at
tlie vein-ends. The structure seems quite to agree with that of commixta, the
palpus slender, with both second and third joints long, forewing with SC! from cell,
anastomosing with C and nearly always with SC* also, R! stalked, DC incurved,
hindwing with R* from very near R'. The similarity in colour, shape, palpus, ete.,
( 420 )
to Prasinocyma debilis raises « doubt whether the delimitation of the genera
Gelasma and Prasinocyma is at present satisfactory ; the palpal and venational
structure and the degree of angulation of the termen of the hindwing seem to show
all kinds of intergradations, and possibly the two will have to be merged together.
Tarner has already (Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, xxxy. p. 559) placed one
angled-winged species of the present group (centrophylla Meyr.) in Prasinocyma.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 7 22 in coll.
Rothschild. Also a 2? from Dinawa, British New Guinea, 4000 ft., August 1902
(A. E. Pratt) in coll. Bethune-Baker.
The curious fact that bicolor and commixta Warr. (both from Angabunga
River) are only known in the ¢ and ? sex respectively, and bicolor privata and
submiata Prout (both from Mount Goliath) the same, suggests a possibility—in
spite of some difficulties—that they may prove to be sexes of a single species,
occurring in two distinct races, both rather strongly dimorphic sexually ; in both
cases the tail of the hindwing would be slighter in this Mount Goliath race.
64. Prasinocyma panchlora spec. nov.
3d 28 mm. Shape and colour of vermicularia Guen., differing in the green
lace, more broadly white vertex and uniformly green wings without the whitish
strigulation and without darker green cell-mark. The costal edge of the forewing
is narrowly whitish ochreous, perhaps a little paler than in verméicularia. Possibly
also the abdomen is a little more slender. From chloroprosopa Prout (Ann.
Transv. Mus. 1918, p. 194), to which it comes still closer, panchlora differs in its
somewhat lighter green colour, pale costal edge and absence of the white hind-
marginal spot of the forewing. he structure is typical, the hindtibial hair-pencil
rather long but slender, white ; forewing with SC! anastomosing with C, R!
connate, M' connate ; hindwing with SC? shortly stalked, M' scarcely stalked.
Simonstown, Cape Colony, November 1903 (P. de la Garde). Type in coll.
Brit. Mus,
65. Prasinocyma degenerata spec. nov.
3, 20-22 mm. Face and palpas reddish brown; palpus with second joint
reaching just beyond frons, third joint rather short, distinct. Antennal shaft white
at base, then ochreous ; pectinations rather long. Vertex green, extremely narrowly
edged with white in front. Thorax and abdomen above green, beneath white,
anal tuft white. Forelee red above; (middle legs lost;) hindleg white, with a
short pencil from end of femur and another from base of tibia; tarsus abbreviated
(one-half tibia).
Wings moderately opaque green, not strigulated with whitish. Forewing
with costal edge narrowly pale ochreous ; an indistinct dark green cell-spot ;
fringe concolorous proximally, whitish distally——Hindwing the same, except
costal edge. :
Under-surface unmarked ; of forewing much paler green, becoming whitish
green posteriorly ; of hindwing whitish green. :
S.E. Ruwenzori, 3500 ft., May 16, 1906 (Hon. G. Legge and A. F, R, Wollaston).
Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Also a less perfect ¢ from Gabt el-Meghahid, White
Nile (H. N. Dunn).
An inconspicuons little species of a more opaque and less bluish green than
( 421 )
vermicularia, the build rather more compact. In the forewing SC! is free, R!
connate, M! connate; in the hindwing C is closely approximated to the cell to
almost one-half, SC? well stalked, M! well stalked.
66. Prasinocyma geminata spec. nov.
32, 29-34 mm. Face and head green, extremely narrowly white between
the antennae, Palpus with third joint in d rather short, in ? quite moderate ;
red above, white beneath. Antennal shaft whitish ; pectinations in d moderately
long, ochreous. Thorax and abdomen dorsally green, the latter with small white
spots and white anal extremity. Fore and middle legs crimson above and on
inner side ; hindleg white, hindtibia in ¢ somewhat dilated, with slender pencil.
Forewing very broad; SC! free (in one wing of one example exceptionally
running into C), R! not or scarcely stalked, M' separate; very pale blue-green, so
densely marked with bright green as to leave only fine spots and strigulation of
the pale colour (similar to pulchraria Swinh.); costal edge narrowly pink, becoming
more ochreous towards apex; discal dot small, black ; no other markings.
Hindwing ample, apex somewhat squared, termen bluntly elbowed at R*, M!
separate at origin from R*; concolorous with forewing; a small black discal spot
on DC*, a more elongate green, posteriorly black-marked one on DC*. Underside
paler, unmarked ; costal edge of forewing as above.
Nairobi, British Hast Africa, 3¢¢, 1 2, April 21—May 3, 1911 (T. J.
Anderson), all in coll. Brit. Mus.; the type (¢d) dated May 3. Also a o from
the same locality, May, in coll. Bethune-Baker.
Differs from neave? Prout, which also has a double discal spot on the hindwing,
in its much brighter, yellower-green colour, pink costal edge of forewin
shorter palpus, ete.
g, much
67. Prasinocyma(?) debilis spec. nov.
3?, 25-28 mm. Head and face green, narrowly white between the antennae.
Palpus green above, whitish beneath. Antennal shaft white, pectinations in J
strong and coarse, much as in Thalassodes. Thorax and abdomen green above,
whitish beneath, abdomen dorsally with small white spots at ends of seements.
3 hindtibia with hair-pencil.
Wings green, smoothly scaled. Forewing with extreme costal edge
yellowish ; a dentate antemedian white line which does not reach costal margin,
its deepest tooth pointing distad on the submedian fold ; postmedian also dentate,
but scarcely traceable except as a row of white dots on the veins, forming an
outward curve through most of its length, incurved behind M?; a small dark
green cell-spot ; terminal line slightly darkened ; fringe concolorous.——J//indwing
similar, without first line.
Under-surface nearly uniform whitish green, with costal edge of forewing
yellow; only in the ¢ with costal part of forewing somewhat greener than
the rest.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type (¢) in coll. Rothschild,
Also 7 ?? from the same locality, Jannary-—February.
Rather larger than fragilis Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 35%), not of quite such a
fall colour, but chiefly distinguished by more strongly excurved postmedian series
of dots, more approximated to termen and as a rule less connected into a line,
the larger, darker cell-spot not accompanied by white scales, and the different
( 422)
underside of forewing, that of frag‘lis having a bright green median shade. I have
referred, under Gelasma submixta, to the affinity of this species (with fragilis)
to certain members of Gelasma.
68. Prasinocyma seminivea respersa subsp. nov.
?,30 mm. Differs from typical seminivea Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 82) in
its somewhat larger size and more uniform white sprinkling, the central area
of the forewing, both above and beneath, containing rather less green. The
postmedian line appears somewhat more regular in its course ; the whitish ante-
median line of the forewing is well defined, exangled on the folds and close to
the posterior margin. The typical form, moreover, has a clearer white (less green-
sprinkled) blotch near the tornus.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
As noted under An/sozyga, this species must be removed here. It is perhaps
intermediate between the fragilis group and the following species.
69. Prasinocyma scintillans isorrhopia subsp. nov.
3%, 30-35 mm, Somewhat larger than typical scintillans Warr. (Nov. Zool.
xiii. p. 81), the white longitudinal spots along the cell-fold more strongly developed,
the tornal white markings of the forewing rather ample, the underside of the
forewing quite differently coloured, being entirely concolorous with the hindwing
(whitish green), only its costal edge quite narrowly dull yellowish.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek); ¢ (type) and 3 2
in coll. Rothschild, the sexes quite alike.
70. Prasinocyma nictata spec. nov.
3, 26 mm. Face green. Palpus with third joint rather elongate; green
above, whitish beneath. Vertex green, narrowly white between the antennae.
Antennal shaft white spotted with green, the pectinations green, rather long and
coarse, extending to scarcely beyond the proximal half of the antenna, altogether
recalling Thalassodes. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter with a rather
small but conspicaous white spot at the end of each segment ; beneath whitish.
Hindtibia with hair-pencil.
Forewing rather deep, bright green, costally somewhat more yellowish, the
extreme costal edge purplish fuscous; except in the costal region sparsely sprinkled
with slightly metallic blue-white scales, a stronger cluster of which surrounds
the black cell-dot, particularly on its posterior and distal sides; first line at
about 3 mm., fine, whitish, slightly interrupted, not reaching costa, bent outwards
on folds and inangled on M and SM?; second line near termen, consisting of a
sharp series of white vein-dots and a small blotch on posterior margin, the series
forming a rather regular curve from SO° to SM' (the fold); discal spot, outside
the blue-white scales, surrounded by a vague purplish-fuscous suffusion ; fringe
duller than ground-colour, especially in distal half. Hindwing with termen
slightly crenulate, a little prominent at R*; similarly coloured and marked to
forewing, but without first line and with the blue-white scales somewhat reduced.
Underside without markings, hindwing and distal and posterior margins of
forewing whitish, the rest of forewing more green, with costal edge yellowish
at base, then somewhat fuscous.
Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild,
( 423 )
71. Prasinocyma obsoleta subobsoleta subsp. nov.
?, 36-41 mm. Smaller than typical odsoleta Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 84),
less strongly bluish green, the pale lines slightly more distinct, broader, the green
diseal spots slightly more noticeable.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 5 22 in coll.
Rothschild.
The recently described delicata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. p. 75, as Chlorochroma)
seems to me somewhat doubtfully distinct from odsoleta, but I have not yet compared
the types.
72. Prasinocyma dentatilineata spec. nov.
?, 34-39 mm. Closely similar to odsoleta, especially the subspecies sub-
obsoleta; more blue-green, at the same time with a very minute whitish irroration,
the lines stronger, whiter, the antemedian more strongly outbent behind cell,
inangled on SM’, the postmedian strongly dentate; cell-spot darker green, concise.
Both lines distinctly continued on hindwing, whereas in odsoleta the first is here
faint or often obsolete; discal spot nearly as on forewing. Under-surface with the
dark terminal vein-dots rather strongly developed.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 4 2? in coll.
Rothschild.
Two dd, taken at the same time and place, measuring 28-31 mm., possibly
belong to this species, being of the same colour and similarly marked, but are very
distinct in having on each wing a rather large, black, faintly red-tinged discal dot
and strong black dots at the vein-ends; costa of forewing slightly more reddish,
darker beneath.
The colour of this species is, except for the minute white irroration, almost
exactly that of punctulata Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 357), which has a red face, finer
pale lines, more broadly yellow costal margin of forewing, etc.
73. Prasinocyma ruficollis spec. nov.
?,40-43 mm. Rather narrower-winged than odsoleta, palpus longer (about
three times diameter of eye), redabove ; face with its upper edge very narrowly red,
occiput and collar red ; wings of the yellowish green of strigicosta Warr. (Nov. Zool.
xix. p. 77, as Chlorochroma), forewing with costal edge reddish, both wings with
discal spot rather large, very distinct, black mixed with red, weakly discernible
beneath, terminal black dots strong though very small.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 2 % % in coll. Rothschild.
Apart from other distinctions, the bright red on head and collar will prevent
possible confusion with sfrigicosta.
74. Prasinocyma dioscorodes spec. nov.
32,51 mm. Face green; vertex white; occiput green. Palpus green, white
beneath, third joint in ? elongate. Antennal shaft white ; pectinations in d long
and coarse, not continuing quite to two-thirds. Thorax and abdomen green dorsally,
the latter with rather strong white spots at ends of segments.
Forewing with apex acute, tornus well defined, SC! anastomosing with C, R!
stalked, DC* sometimes strongly incurved; dark dull green, with costal edge
( 424 )
narrowly whitish; lines white, marked by more or less wedge-shaped spots on the
veins and folds; first from one-sixth costa, very oblique outwards to submedian
fold, then oblique inwards ; postmedian from SC* or R! at about five-sevenths, the
spots on R’—M? nearer termen, those on-SM? and hindmargin nearer base, somewhat
confluent, in the $ increased to a white blotch which almost reaches submedian
fold ; discal spot blackish : fringe with a fuscous line at base, distally white, darker-
chequered opposite the veins. Hindwing with discal spot and postmedian line,
the latter not appreciably enlarged at inner margin; fringe as on forewing.
Underside uniform whitish green, costal edge of forewing yellowish ; fringes
without fuscous line at base, but with stronger dark spots at vein-ends.
Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A, 8. Meek). Type (¢) in coll. Rothschild.
Also a 2 from Upper Setekwa River, August 1910.
Much larger than absimilis Warr. (Nov, Zool. viii. p. 193)—of which, however,
simplex Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. p. 78, as Dioscore) = reversa Warr. (ibid. p. 81, as
Pyrrhaspis) may be alarger form; darker green, the postmedian row of spots much
more out of alignment, the blotch at posterior margin in $ much larger (wanting in
the simplex form), the fringes more strongly spotted, especially beneath. In that
species, too, the hindwing venation is almost as in Thalassodes, while here the
discocellulars are much less oblique, the stalkings of SC? and of M! are shorter,
and R? arises nearer to R? (in the 2 very close to it).
75, Prasinocyma infirma spec. nov.
?, 34mm. Smaller than glauca Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 135), costal margin
slightly more roanded, colour less bluish green (near that of Hemithea distinctaria
Walk.), the rows of white spots arranged about as in glauca but much smaller, the
spot on SM? narrow, oblique outwards, extending so as to reach posterior margin,
cell-dots smaller, costal edge less bright yellow, fringe green, the dark terminal dots
obsolete above, very small beneath.
Abdomen with small white dorsal spots. Forewing with SC! anastomosing
with C, R! stalked.
Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
76. Prasinocyma deviata spec. noy.
3%, 30-31 mm. Face with a few fine, projecting hairs; green, somewhat
paler below. Palpus little elongate, second joint with a few fine, projecting hairs
beneath ; green, paler beneath. Vertex narrowly white; occiput green. Antennal
shaft white ; pectinations green, long, strong, ending rather abruptly at about four-
fifths. Thorax and abdomen dorsally green, the latter with one or two small white
spots. Hindtibia in ¢ little dilated.
Forewing with apex pointed; SC! anastomosing with C, R! stalked ; bluish
green (very pale blue-green with dense deep green irroration), the lines fine, paler,
respectively followed and preceded by olive-green shades (narrow bands) ; first from
costa at about one-third, excurved anteriorly, then nearly vertical; second from costa
at less than 2 mm. from apex, very slightly excurved at first, then oblique and very
faintly incurved to posterior margin at scarcely beyond two-thirds ; asmall indistinct
dark cell-spot near the first line. Hindwing with termen faintly crenulate, slightly
bent at R® ; marked as forewing, the first line curved, nearer base than on forewing,
second rather similarly formed to that of forewing, but not incurved,
( 425 )
Under-surface pale green, costal margin of forewing narrowly pale ochreous,
both wings with faint traces of darker postmedian line or band.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), Type (¢), two other
36 and one ? in coll. Rothschild.
77. Prasinocyma venata spec. nov.
32, 35-38 mm. Closely similar to the preceding but much larger, ground-
colour rather paler, the veins standing out distinctly darker, the lines scarcely paler
than the ground-colour, thus chiefly indicated by the accompanying olivaceous bands;
first line on forewing less strongly curved costally, on hindwing straight, second
line rather farther from termen ; both wings with distinct dark green cell-mark,
extending the entire length of the discocellulars. Abdomen without white dorsal
spots. Face and palpus normal, the latter with third joint rather longer than in
deviata. ;
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). ‘Type (¢), 8 other dd
and one ? in coll. Rothschild.
78. Prasinocyma tripuncta spec. nov.
?, 32-34mm. Face green; vertex white ; occiput green. Palpus little longer
than diameter of eye, third joint relatively short ; green, beneath white. Thorax
und abdomen green above, whitish beneath.
Forewing with SC free, R! stalked (in the type specimen only very shortly) ;
subdiaphanous dull green marked with rather deeper and brighter green ; costal
edge ochreous ; a small opaque green patch at base, followed by green sprinkling,
which under the lens is seen to consist of interrupted, longitudinally arranged
scaling, its distal boundary vague, especially costally, but apparently at about 4 mm.
on costal margin, crossing M at 3°5 mm. and here marked by a very distinct (less
distinct in cotype) dark green spot, then running outwards along submedian fold
to 5°5 mm., finally about vertical to posterior margin; cell-spot dark green ; post-
median line deeply Innulate-dentate, the teeth directed distad on the veins, that on
R® projecting much less than those on R', R?, M' and M?, the inward curve on
snbmedian fold rather strong. Hindwing with C approximated to cell for some
distance near base ; a discal dot and lunulate-dentate postmedian line.
Under-surface paler, almost unmarked, costal margin of forewing yellowish
ochreons ; discal dots faintly indicated.
Mount Goliath, Jannary—February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type and cotype in
coll. Rothschild.
By texture, scaling, ete., certainly a Prasinocyma, though the rather short
palpus only just escapes confusion with Chlorocoma Turner,
79. Prasinocyma bipuncta spec. nov.
2,29mm. Very similar to the preceding, differing as follows :
Rather smaller; head entirely green, except a very narrow white fillet between
the antennae ; palpus about half as long again as diameter of eye, the third joint
very slender and rather elongate (measuring about ‘> mm.). Forewing with SC!
anastomosing with © and at a point with SC’, R' separate ; rather more whitish
green, the darker scaling rather sparser and more uniformly distributed ; costal
edge more narrowly and less brightly ochreous above, scarcely ochreous beneath ;
( 426 )
subbasal green shading nearly obsolete, on the contrary, a distinct antemedian line
present, lunulate-dentate, the teeth pointing basewards on M and SM*; no dark
green spot on M; discal spot black; postmedian line with the tooth on R* as
prominent as those on R! R?, aud M!; that on M?, on the contrary, much less
prominent, the inward curve on submedian fold thus appearing less deep.
Hindwing with C touching cell at a point only, then rapidly diverging ; black
discal spot and postmedian line nearly as on forewing.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
80. Prasinocyma signifera superba subsp. nov.
2, 31-82 mm. Larger than typical signifera Warr. (Nov. Zool, x. p. 360),
from the Aroa River, and recently obtained from the Oetakwa River; discal mark
of forewing slightly, of hindwing much larger (2°5 mm. x 15 mm.), the latter
without white circumscription, almost entirely ochreous, strongly overlaid with
bright red, the scattered blackish atoms about as in the type form.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 2 % 2 in coll. Rothschild.
81. Prasinocyma geometrica spec. nov.
3, 29 mm. Face, fillet, and antenna whitish. Palpus slender, moderately
elongate ; green above, white beneath. Crown of head, dorsal surface of thorax, ~
and base of abdomen green ; abdomen posteriorly more shaded with fuscous,
Forewing with distal margin faintly subcrenulate, more oblique posteriorly to
M' than anteriorly ; subdiaphanous grey-green, the basal area and the region of the
cell-spot somewhat dusted with fuscous ; a fuscous spot near base, another on SC
before first line ; first line fuscous, deeply and irregularly Iunulate-dentate, some-
what interrupted, only reaching from SC to posterior margin, deeply dentate
inwards on M and rather Jess deeply on SM’; a rather large roundish fuscous spot
on cell-fold close to end of cell, almost immediately followed by a biangulate fuscous
mark which oceupies DC? and part of DC’, then runs outward, is sharply angled
again on the radial fold, and terminates at the posterior extremity of cell ; post-
median line strongly and irregularly lunulate-dentate, darker grey-green, only
marked with fuscous at the extremities of a few of the teeth between the veins ;
arising 4 mm. before apex, strongly outbent at R! and with a very deep curve
inwards behind M?; termen with a row of fuscous spots at vein-ends.— Hindwing
crenulate, with a slightly sharper point at R*; discal, postmedian, and terminal
markings as on forewing.
Underside whitish green, the discal markings faintly showing through.
Monnt Goliath, February 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
Perhaps nearest to caniola Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 360), but abundantly
distinct. The peculiarly formed discal marks, with the aid of some illusion from
the fuscous dusting, suggest in some aspects the typical “looping” posture of a
Geometrid larva, the roundish spot representing the head, the biangulate mark the
body.
82. Prasinocyma vagrans spec. noy.
3,28 mm. Closely related to vagabunda Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 361) in
structure, colour, and markings. Much smaller, of a slightly fuller green, the
markings rather more heavily punctuated in places with rast-colour ; postmedian
( 427 )
line right-angled on M* (in vagabunda only faintly denticulate). Underside of
forewing with costal edge broadly tinted with rust-colour, a discal mark on DC*
the same; of hindwing without spots at ends of Rt and R*. The hindleg appears
less dilated, and I cannot find a hair-pencil.
Mount Goliath, February 1911 (A. 8. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
83. Prasinocyma phoenicogramma spec. nov.
?,22 mm. Face red; vertex white; occiput red. Palpus scarcely half as -
long again as diameter of eye, third joint not much elongate. Thorax and abdomen
dorsally greenish.
Wings rather pale yellowish green. Forewing with SC? anastomosing with C;
costal edge tinged with red ; lines purplish red; first at before one-fourth, curved,
not sharply defined ; second from costa at beyond two-thirds, parallel with termen,
nearly straight or very faintly wavy, distinct; terminal interrupted at vein-ends ;
discal dot minute, black mixed with red; fringe tinged with pale reddish proxi-
mally. Hindwing bluntly angled at R*; DC? oblique, M' almost connate with R? ;
first line wanting ; second scarcely beyond middle of wing, somewhat incurved
between the radials, so as rather closely to approach the discal dot.
Underside with forewing suffused with dull reddish from costal margin to M,
except at extreme termen, otherwise very pale greenish; terminal line and fringes
as above.
Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. S. Meek). Type in coll. Rothschild.
In the absence of the ¢, and of manifest relationship to any known species,
the generic position of this neat little species is somewhat uncertain. The
basa] expansion of hindwing is sufficiently strong to justify a suspicion that the
do may possibly prove to be without a frenulum.
84. Prasinocyma oxybeles spec. nov.
3, 30-31 mm. Face bright red in upper half, pure white in lower. Palpus
little longer than diameter of eye, red, terminal joint mostly white. Vertex white ;
occiput narrowly bright red. Thorax above green; abdomen somewhat paler
(possibly a little discoloured), marked with red dorsally, excepting the first seg-
ments, the red enclosing two or three roundish white spots. Legs pale, forefemur
and tibia shaded with red.
Forewing shaped as in the Neotropical genus Vuchyphyle, the costa being
arched distally, apex acute, termen straight or even faintly subconcave, tornus
pronounced ; cell produced anteriorly, SC! free or anastomosing briefly with C,
R stalked; green, somewhat olive-tinted (perhaps slightly faded) ; costal margin
crimson (especially in proximal part), extreme edge fuscous ; a conspicuous crimson
spot at apex, extending into the fringe ; lines represented chiefly by red spots on
the veins, those of the proximal series the larger, placed in a triangle on SC,
cell-fold and M (at base of M*) and a fourth on SM?*, the connecting line very
indistinct, deeply outangled in cell and in submedian area; distal series from
posterior margin at beyond two-thirds, slightly oblique outwards as far as R', then
a little recurved, but scarcely indicated in front of SC°, the connecting line ex-
tremely indistinct, forming a series of deep lunules proximally to the spots ; a red
discal spot (in the type specimen somewhat elongate)tanteriorly to R* and a smaller
( 428 )
one in the middle of DC; extreme distal margin and fringe pale. Hindwwing
slightly elongate in the direction of tornus, termen almost inappreciably bent at
R*; cell short (scarcely two-fifths), M' well stalked; no proximal markings, cell-
spot slight, simple, distal series and termen as on forewing. ;
Under-surface strongly flushed with crimson (at base of costa of forewing deep
crimson), leaving only the apical part, termen and posterior margin of forewing and
all the margins of hindwing very pale green.
Mount Goliath, January 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 2 32 in coll. Rothschild.
Very like Prasinocyma (?) papuensis Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 134), but
distinct in the absence of tail to the hindwing, the red upper part of face and rather
more extended red blush on hindwing.
85. Prasinocyma syntyche spec. noy.
3?, 28-26 mm. Closely similar to oxycentra Meyr. (Proc. Linn. Soc. New
S. Wales (2) ii. p. 888), on an average smaller, 2 palpus rather longer, costal margin
of forewing more reddish at base, the broad white costal border afterwards under-
lined with yellow, in apical third (or more) more broadly with red than in any
oxycentra ; distal border of both wings more broadly red, completely separating
the terminal white vein-dots from the green ground-colour. The discal dots are
also on an average somewhat larger, the bend in the termen of hindwing at R®
generally slighter but varying somewhat.:
Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft., October—
December 1910 (A. 8. Meek), 3 do (including the type) in coll. Rothschild ;
Upper Setekwa River, August—September 1910, 3 ¢¢,1 ? in coll. Rothschild ;
Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, December 1907—February 1908, 3 dd in coll. Brit.
Mns. and coll. L. B. Prout ; Wataikwa River, New Guinea, August 1910 (A. F. R.
Wollaston), ? in coll. Brit. Mus.
86. Prasinocyma votiva spec. noy.
3, 28-30 mm.; 2 28mm. Face and palpus green; third joint of palpus in
? moderately elongate. Vertex white, occiput green, a narrow band of deep
golden yellow separating the two colours. Antennal shaft white, towards the tip
red. Thorax and abdomen green above, whitish beneath. Foreleg reddish yellow
on innerside, the coxa green.
Wings yellow-green. Forewing with costal margin at base reddish, the rest
pure white, in proximal half posteriorly, in distal half anteriorly edged narrowly
with golden yellow; lines pale, lunulate-dentate, very indistinct except on the
veins, where the teeth are minutely white; cell-dot mixed blackish and red;
terminal line consisting of dark red dashes between the veins, thus intermediate
between the spots of marginepunctata Warr. and the little-interrupted line of
laticostata; fringe deep golden yellow, paler at. tips. Hindwing with termen
slightly bent at R*; cell-dot, postmedian, termen and fringe as on forewing.
Under-surface whitish ; forewing anteriorly pale green, this colour nearly
filling the cell but narrowing somewhat distally, the extreme costal edge yellow.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8, Meek). Type (¢), 2 other do
and 1 @ in coll. Rothschild.
The shape, colour and markings, and the short (sometimes very short) terminal
( 429 )
spurs show the close affinity of this species with the /loresaria group. Perhaps it
is a form of daticostata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 84), very slightly larger, bend
in termen of hindwing rather more feeble, colour yellower green, fringe brighter
golden, terminal line less nearly continuous, costal area of forewing beneath more
differentiated.
This group and especially marginepuncta Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p, 356, 2 =
Oenospila peristicta Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 162, 3) and laticostata Warr. seem to
connect the genus Oenospila Swinh. with Prasinocyma, and it is to be feared (as I
already hinted, Joc. cit.) that the latter large and less specialised genus will
ultimately have to be merged in the small and specialised Oenospila, which bears
the chronologically antecedent name.
87. Prasinocyma discoprivata spec. noy.
3%, 36-40 mm. Face bright green. Palpus with third joint moderately
elongate; green, white beneath. Vertex and antennal shaft white ; occiput green,
separated from the white vertex by a very narrow yellow band or line. Thorax
and abdomen green above, white beneath ; extremity of abdomen also white above ;
a yellow dorsal line. Legs mostly white, forecoxa green in front, forelez smoky
on upper and outer side.
Wings apple-green, shaped nearly as in discata Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 83),
the bend in the termen of hindwing inappreciable, the termen not even so convex
as in most of the allies. Forewing with costa yellow at base, otherwise the
extreme edge pure white, narrowly separated from the ground-colour by yellow
slightly mixed with reddish brown ; a reddish brown spot at apex; lines very
faintly pale, little noticeable; first from about one-fourth costa, oblique to
posterior margin beyond one-third, slightly outbent behind M and then inbent, but
much less irregular than in discata ; second placed as in discata but rather more
shallowly dentate; a very small blackish cell-spot touching distal side of DC, a
faint red mark on the proximal curve of DC*; a yellow terminal line dusted with
red-brown proximally and with minute red-brown dots at vein-ends ; fringe pale
yellow. Hindwing similar except costal edge, the black cell-spot not accom-
panied by a red mark.
Underside whitish green, costal part of forewing brighter green, including cell
but narrowing to apex ; costal edge of forewing yellow at base, then white, a
red-brown line (thickest towards base) separating this edging from the green
colour ; the costal extremity of veins C and SC! also tinged with red-brown and
a red-brown spot at apex.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A. 8S. Meek), 7 dd, 12 in coll.
Rothschild.
Together with this form were received 4 $d whose appearance is rendered
strikingly different by the presence of a large deep purple-fuscous discal blotch on
the hindwing, as large as in the least extreme discata but unicolorous. The form
may he distinguished as ab. semidiscata ab. nov.
This species evidently belongs to the group which seems transitional towards
Gigantothea or perhaps towards Chrysochloroma; SC! of forewing free, or anasto-
mosing slightly with C, DC* deeply incurved, R? of hindwing from much above
middle of DC, R' and R* both rather shortly stalked; hindleg with strong hair-
pencil, all spurs developed.
( as )
88. Prasinocyma perpolluta spec. nov.
Chlorochroma polluta Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 356) 2, nec ¢.
3,35 mm.; 2, 31-35 mm. Differs from polluta Warr. (3) = bicornuta Warr.
(Nov. Zool. xix. p. 75) in having the postmedian line of both wings markedly
dentate (in polluta only faintly wavy), both lines on forewing accompanied by (or
even almost replaced by) red shading, nearly the entire median area of this wing
clouded with fuscous-reddish. The size seems to be on an average rather larger.
I can find no other distinctions. The structure agrees ; palpus in both sexes with
terminal joint rather short (especially in the ¢); ¢ hindtibia strongly dilated.
Upper Setekwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 2000—3000 ft.,
September 1910 (A. S. Meek). Type (d) and ? in coll. Rothschild. There is a ¢
from near Oetakwa River in coll. Brit. Mus., and Warren’s 2 polduta from the Upper
Aroa River, British New Guinea, also belongs here.
Mr. Warren in his description of pol/uta mixed two forms which he has since
recognised as species. The possibility is not absolutely excluded that his first idea
may prove correct, in spite of the remarkable difference in the shape of the
postmedian line. Unfortunately his type specimen (the d ) is of the form (or
species) which he has recently named dicornuta, and the ¢—belonging to the form
which he is now regarding as pol/uta—was nameless. The dimorphism, if such it —
be, is in any case not sexual.
89. Prasinocyma intermedia approximata subsp. nov.
3 2, 38-45 mm. Differs from typical intermedia Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 131)
in its larger average size and in the antemedian line of the forewing. This is about
4 mm. distant from the base both at costal and posterior margins, and is angled
outwards on the median vein. The postmedian line is rather broader, the red
discal mark better developed, both above and beneath. The angled antemedian
line and the size bring it remarkably near to datistriga Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii.
p- 84), in which, however, the first line is more oblique (from costal margin at —
3 mm. to posterior margin at 5 mm.) and which lacks the pale yellow dorsal line of
abdomen, which intermedia shares with most of the group.
Mount Goliath, Jannary—February 1911 (A. S. Meek), type and others (d)
in coll. Rothschild ; Upper Setekwa River, September 1910, a 9 in the same
collection. a
90. Prasinocyma ruficulmen spec. nov.
3,48 mm. Face green. Palpus red, beneath whitish. Vertex and base of
antenna suow-white, the former bounded behind by a red line; occiput green. —
Thorax and abdomen above green, with a long mediodorsal ridge of brick-red ;
beneath greenish white. Legs pale, the anterior pair darkened above and on —
inner side; hindtibia dilated with hair-pencil, spurs short, tarsus about two-thirds —
tibia. ‘
Wing-shape and aspect of consobrina Warr. (Nov. Zool. xix. p. 75, as Chloro-
chroma). Whitish green, densely irrorated with blue-green,.the veins darker and
more olivaceons. Forewing with costal edge red, mach paler from just before
first line to beyond cell; lines rather thick, orange-red; first from before one-
fifth costa, oblique outwards to SC, thence straight to hindmargin at about one-
fourth, weakly pale-edged proximally ; second from SC* at beyond three-fourths, |
almost straight, nearly parallel with termen, white-margined distally ; cell-spot
( 431 )
black, in middle of DC*, seated on a curved red-brown mark which occupies the
whole of DC?—DC* and projects a prong along the base of R*; fringe red, with
small obscure dark spots at vein-ends. Hindwing with both lines equally strong,
nearly straight, similarly white-edged ; cell-spot rather small, dark green ; fringe as
on forewing.
Under-surtace whitish green, with postimedian line faintly indicated, forewing
with costal half dusted with brick-red to beyond middle, the dusting narrowing
off distally ; fringes brick-red with dark spots extending on to the vein-ends.
? quite like the d but larger, expanding about 58 mm. ; palpus scarcely longer
than in the ¢. ;
Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 3500 ft.,
November 1908—Jannary 1909. Type in coll. L. B. Prout, also one from the
same locality in coll. Brit. Mus., and I have recently seen it from near Oetakwa
River, Snow Mountains, up to 3500 ft., October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek), in
coll. Rothschild.
91. Prasinocyma corolla spec. nov.
2, 40-44 mm. Extremely like the preceding except in its considerably
smaller size. Dorsal line white, not red, less raised (more as in consobrina, etc.) ;
coloration slightly duller and more uniform, veins less contrasted, especially on
hindwing ; lines somewhat narrower and of a duller red, first line not pale-edged
proximally, on forewing dentate at M and SM’, on hindwing less straight than in
rujiculmen ; shading about discocellulars and base of R? on forewing broader but
rather ill-defined ; discal spot of hindwing rather darker; fringes whitish, slightly
tinged with reddish proximally, preceded only by a red terminal line, on which,
however, the dots at vein-ends are strong, blackish.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). Type (d) and % in coll. Rothschild.
Nearly related also to rujistriga Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii, p. 85), differing in the
less yellow-tinged dorsal line, greyer green wings, duller red markings, first line of
hindwing incurved in submedian area, presence of red shading distally to the cell-
mark of the forewing and especially in the termen and fringe; in rufistriga the
terminal red line is weak, and not black-dotted on the veins, the fringe reddish with
a white line at base. Moreover the d hindtibia is rather thicker in corolla, with
shorter terminal spurs.
92. Gigantothea gigas flavimargo subsp. nov.
3%, 38-40 mm. Smaller than typical gigas Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. p. 355),
costal edge and fringes clearer golden ochreous, the redder proximal part being
much narrowed, dorsal stripe of abdomen similarly clearer than in the type form ;
discal dots minute, green, less dark than in the type, lines fine, that of hindwing more
strongly bent in middle than in the type. Second joint of palpus green above (in
the type bright ochreous). The ¢ tibial armature is typical ; in ménor Warr. (Nov.
Zool. x. p. 355) the terminal spurs are longer, and minute medians are sometimes
present, and it is not quite certain that the genus is tenable.
Near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, up to 3500 ft.,
October—December 1910 (A. 8. Meek). ‘Type in coll. Rothschild, Also other
examples from this locality and from the Upper Setekwa River, August—
September 1910,
( 432 )
Prasinocyma flavilimes Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 83) shows some similarity,
but differs in the hindtibial armature, has the fringe light yellow and many other
distinctions.
Strepsichlora Warr.
Strepsichlora Warr., Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 136 (1907).
Blechromopsis Warr , ibid, xix. p. 72 (1912).
Not only in structure but also in entire facies these genera are absolutely
identical, and the erection of the second was evidently an oversight. Fortunately
no synonymy, I think, has been created in the species, though both costipicta and
nubifera are very closely related to ‘nguinata, and one or other may perhaps prove
a local race of it, while dissimilis is equally near to acutilunata.
Oxychora Warr.
Oxychora Warr., Nov, Zool. v. p. 236 (1898).
Oxypora Warr., ibid. xix. p. 79 (1912),
I do not think these are more than sections of a single genus. The 3
structure is identical, as also the facies; but there is a hitherto unrecorded
distinction in the ? antenna, which may justify our retaining the name Oxypora
as subgeneric.
The type of Oxychora (tenuis Warr.) was described from the ¢ alone, but I
have now before mea ? from near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, Datch New
Guinea, October—December 1910 (A. S. Meek), and find it has the antenna strongly
pectinate, almost as in the ¢. In dentilinea and spilota, on the other hand, the
§ antenna is virtually simple (‘closely pubescent”), as recorded by Warren ;
the same is the case with batis Warr., which I have transferred to Oxychora.
93. Oxychora batis eusticta subsp. nov.
?. Differs from typical datzs Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 78) in having more
distinct series of white vein-dots (traceable, but weak, in Warren’s type) and
longer terminal and tornal blotches. Both series of dots on the forewing start
in the brown costal margin, the first at about one-fifth, the second at about three-
fourths or beyond ; first outbent in cell, then nearly vertical to posterior margin ;
second somewhat oblique inwards to R?, then outbent, again strongly inbent, rather
near first line from M? to posterior margin, which it reaches about the middle. The
latter series reproduced on hindwing.
d. The ¢ of this species is hitherto undescribed ; the frenulum is quite short
and slender, the basal expansion of hindwing (as also in ¢) well marked; the
palpus has both second and third joints slender, smooth and elongate ; hindtibia
moderately dilated, with hair-pencil, the tarsus rather short. Slightly smaller than
the 2, of a somewhat fuller green, the marginal blotches as a rule considerably
smaller, and these (together with all the other “ fleshy ochreous” parts) much
more strongly coloured, redder. In the absence of the ¢ of batis batis it is of
course impossible to say whether, or how, the present race differs from it.
Mount Goliath, Jannary—Febrnary 1911 (A. 8. Meek), 6 dd, 3 9% in coll.
Rothschild.
94. Metallochlora roseifimbria spec. nov.
3,27 mm. Face red. Palpus with second joint reddish above, whitish
beneath, third joint above ochreous, Vertex narrowly ochreous, occiput green,
( 433 )
Antenna ochreous, a short proximal part unicolorous, then with the shaft red-
spotted. Thorax and abdomen above green, the latter becoming ochreous towards
the extremity ; the crests shining deep red.
Forewing with SC free, SC? arising close before SC’; bright green as in proximata
Warr. and subsp. cércumscripta Warr.,* costal edge ochreous with a few dark dots;
discal dot dark red, a very faintly darker green line (scarcely discernible) running
from it to posterior margin, parallel with postmedian; postmedian line equally
faintly darker green, but rendered more apparent by a thicker, slightly paler green
shade which accompanies it distally; nearly straight from costal margin before
two-thirds to posterior margin at fully three-fourths; a rather narrow pale yellow
line before the terminal, widening midway between the veins and enclosing
elongate fuscons marks ; terminal line dark, very slender; fringe rose-pink.
Hindwing moderately angled at R*; similar to forewing, without first line, post-
median rather less oblique.
Underside yellow-green, unmarked ; terminal dark marks and pink fringe
nearly as above.
Vella Lavella, Solomons, March 1908. Type in coll. Rothschild.
Differs from proximata in the more angled hindwing, position and course of
postmedian line (on both wings very much further from termen) and the brighter
rose-coloured fringes.
95. Neromia picticosta spec. nov.
3,22 mm. Face dark red, lower part ochreous ; vertex pale ochreous ; occiput
green. Palpus short, dark red. Antennal shaft pale ochreous, spotted with dark
red; ciliation moderate. Thorax and abdomen dorsally green, abdomen not
erested. Fore and middle legs red above and on inner side; hindtibia not
dilated.
Wings dull bluish green, irrorated with white-——Forewing with costal
margin pale ochreous, with a dark red basal streak 2 mm. in length, scarcely at all
broken into spots, afterwards with a number of rather irregularly distributed red
spots, the last close to apex; two broad whitish lines, the antemedian obsolescent
at costa, from before one-third, slightly bent in cell, then vertical to posterior
margin at a little beyond one-third; postmedian almost straight, almost parallel
with termen, about 2 mm. therefrom ; fringe concoiorous, or slightly paler distally.
Hindwing with postmedian continuing that of forewing, straight to beyond M’,
then very slightly curved away from tornus and narrowing.
Underside paler, especially the posterior part of forewing and entire hindwing ;
lines obsolete; forewing with costal margin as far as SC pale ochreous, almost
entirely covered with red.
Antananarivo (Chulliat). Type in coll. L. B. Prout.
Probably a little faded, being of exactly the colour which is assumed by the
species of the genus Mivocera when they have been on the wing a short time.
A slender, reddish frenulum is present, thus the species is certainly not a Méxocera,
but in the absence of the ? it cannot be positively stated that it may not have to
be removed to Chlorissa. It may be added that % material in the African species
which haye been referred to Chlorissa is much wanted ; I have recently discovered
that one or two are two-spurred, ¢.c, will have to be transferred to Neromia.
* M. circumscripta only differs from prowimata in the slightly broader yellow line before the
termen, and is possibly only an aberration,
28
( 434 )
Neurotoca Warr.
This genus must be removed from Group VI., where—pending the discovery
of the $—I left it in my revision (Gen. Ins. 129, p, 228). By the kindness of
Mr. A. J, T. Janse of Pretoria I have now been able to examine 2 dd of
Y. endorhoda Hmpsn., and to add one to my own collection, and 1 find that the
frenulum is present. The genus may be placed next to Neromia, from which it
differs in the pectinate antenna in both sexes, crested abdomen (this should be
added to the diagnosis), etc. In the generic key it will separate from Pseudhemithea
under No. 28: ;
Antenna pectinate : 5 é q : ; Neurotoca.
Antenna not pectinate . : : ‘ ‘ : Pseudhemithea.
96. Diplodesma ussuriaria (Brem.).
Todes ussuriavia Brem. Mém, Acad. Sci. St.-Pét. viii. p. 77. t. 6. £. 24 (1864).
Hemithea ussuriaria Stgr. Cat. (ed, 3). p. 265 (1901) ; Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 170 (1912).
Hemithea eluta Wileman, Tr. Ent, Soc. Lond. p. 337 (1911).
Diplodesma eluta Prout, Gen. Ins. 129. p. 252 (1912).
I had never been able to satisfy myself as to the species represented by
Bremer’s poor figure and brief description until September last, when Herr R.
Piingeler, of Aachen, kindly sent for my inspection examples from his collection.
There is no doubt that his determination is correct, and that the insect is the
same which has been recently described by Wileman as eduta and which I placed
in Diplodesma on account of the stalking of SC'. Like my pudentifimbria, how-
ever, it shows in fresh specimens a crested abdomen, and it is still an open question
whether my Déplodesma, sect. iii, would be best treated as an aberrant section
of Hemithea or of Diplodesma, or as a separate genus intermediate between
the two.
97. Omphax ornatimargo spec. nov.
, 26-31 mm. Face, vertex, palpus, and base of antenna deep purple-red ;
collar ferruginous. Thorax green above, pale beneath. Fore and middle legs
partly purple-red. Abdomen pale, anteriorly more ochreous, a miuute ferruginous, —
purple-mixed crest at base.
Forewing broad, even for this genus, termen slightly more ventricose than
in the other species ; SC! in both examples anastomosing at a point with C, free
from SC*, DC extremely oblique ; ground-colour as in plantaria Guen., costal
margin bright yellowish ferruginous, the edge basally dark purple-red ; termen
ferruginons, overlaid with a reddish-fuscous pattern consisting of somewhat
triangular markings, their apices on the veins, their bases narrowly connected
by reddish-fuscous shading between; fringe ferruginous, spotted and dusted with
reddish-fuscous. Hindwing the same, the costal margin paler, not marked with
red at base.
Under-surface dirty pale yellowish, somewhat dusted with reddish.
Minna, Northern Nigeria, September 17, 1910, and July 1910 (Scott Mactie,
type and co-type respectively in coll. Brit. Mus., the latter the larger.
. Rhodesia depompata spec. nov. a
3?, 25-26mm. Face dirty olive with a slight reddish admixture; vertex
white, occiput pale green, Palpus in ¢ shortish, third joint not strongly elongate;
( 435 )
-in ? with third joint rather long and slender, but much less extreme than in
alboviridata Saalm., mostly purple-red. Antennal shaft white in proximal half,
more reddish in distal; ¢ with rather long pectinations, ? not pectinate. Thorax
and base of abdomen dorsally green; abdomen otherwise whitish, mixed with
purple-reddish dorsally and with two or three small narrow crests.
Forewing bright green, costal edge white mixed with purple-pink (lighter
than in z¢iridalbata, but otherwise similar); discal dot white, a smaller white
dot anterior to it on DC? (as in viridalbata) ; lines nearly obsolete, the postmedian
faintly indicated by a few minute white vein-dots; a fine dark reddish terminal
line interrupted by minute white dots at the vein-ends; fringe nearly as in
viridalbata. Hindwing with C anastomosing with SC to middle of cell ; marked
as forewing, except the costal edge.
Under-surface whitish green, costal edge of forewing reddish, becoming pale
distally ; both wings with fine fuscous terminal line, interrupted at the veins.
Johannesburg (J. P. Cregoe). Type (d) and 2 2? in coll. Brit. Mus., ex
coll. Distant.
In the nearly unmarked wings, with purplish fringes, this species rather
recalls a Heterorachis than a Rhodesia, and even in structure it is not absolutely
typical, the less extreme palpus being an irregularity.
99. Hierochthonia robusta spec. nov.
?, 16 mm. Face ochreous, head otherwise whitish. Palpns fully as long
as diameter of eye, rather stout, ochreous, more whitish towards base. Antennal
shaft whitish at base, becoming more ochreous; shortly pectinate. Thorax and
abdomen green above, whitish beneath ; abdomen robust. Legs more ochreous.
Forewing shaped as in petitaria Chr., or termen slightly more oblique ; SC!
well free, R! connate with SC**, DC* curved, becoming strongly oblique, M! connate
or nearly so; pale yellow-green, closely irrorated with bright grass-green, the
resultant tone about as in petitaria; costal edge pale yellowish ; no markings,
only in some lights a faint suggestion of a paler postmedian line, placed rather
far distally, and of a darkening of the green colour in the position of the cell-spot.
Fringe green proximally, more yellowish distally. Hindwing less elongate
costally than in petifaria ; C anastomosing with SC to about one-half the cell ;
DOC* somewhat curved, becoming oblique, R? from little above middle of DO,
M' short-stalked ; concolorous with forewing, unmarked or with faint indication
of cell-spot.
Port Sudan, Red Sea (N. E. Waterfield), 2 % 2 in coll. Brit. Mus.
The cotype is a sport in venation, SC? in both wings bifureate from rather
near its point of origin,
Chloroparda Prout.
Concerning this genus I wrote (Gen. Ins, 129, p, 140): “Tt is unfortunate to
be compelled to found a genus upon a species of which we have only the ? before
us, but the combination of characters marks it out as abundantly distinct. Should
the d frenulam prove to be absent, it must be transferred to the vicinity of
Thalera, from which it differs widely in venation, but little otherwise.” I have
now seen a d in coll. Rothschild (also from Burma, the only known habitat),
and find, as I suspected, that the frenulum is wanting; antennal pectinations
long. I propose placing it next after Thalera, and in my key to Group VL,
( 436 )
after No. 14 (“ Hindtibia with terminal spurs only”), Its separation can quite
simply be effected thus :
Forewing with SC? arising after SC* . ; 5 : . Chloroparda,
Forewing with SC? arising before SC® ; : : . the rest.
Dysdamartia gen. noy.
Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes quite short, hairy beneath. Tongue
present. Antenna not quite one-half length of forewing, in both sexes bipectinate
almost to apex, the earlier branches long in d, moderate in 2. Pectus and femora
glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen slightly
erested. Trenulum wanting in both sexes. Forewing with costa arched, especially
at base, apex roundly prominent, termen strongly excised between apex and R*,
strongly prominent between R* and M'; cell about one-half, DC curved, becoming
oblique, SC! from near end of cell, anastomosing at a point or shortly with C,
SC*~ long-stalked, SC? separating first, R' separate, M' well separate. THindwing
with termen rounded, only straight between R! and R%, tornus rather pronounced ;
cell about one-half, DC shortly inbent anteriorly, then rather strongly oblique
outwards ; C anastomosing at a point or scarcely more with cell near base, SC?
stalked, R? from near R', M! well separate.
Type of the genus: Dysdamartia quaesita spec. nov.
Near Chloroparda, but with SC? of forewing arising before SC’, termen of
hindwing not excised, etc. Differs also from Thalera in shape, abdominal crests,
etc, The sexes differ greatly in markings in the only known species, which is not
at all the case in those genera. In my key, Group VL., the wording under No. 13
had better be slightly changed, as Dysdamartia is in a measure intermediate. If
we read “Abdomen strongly crested ” for Lophostola and ‘ Abdomen not or slightly
crested” for the rest, no confusion can arise. The new genus can then be introduced
at No, 19:
Abdomen somewhat crested ; forewing with termen deeply excised
Dysdamartia.
Abdomen not crested ; forewing with termen smooth . Cymatoplex ; Mixocera.
100. Dysdamartia quaesita spec. nov.
3, 22-23 mm. Face and palpus red. Antennal shaft pale straw-colour
spotted with red. Vertex and thorax above green. Thorax beneath, with legs,
largely reddish. Abdomen ochreous, mixed with reddish, especially dorsally.
Forewing vich deep green, the costal edge reddish ochreous, a small (occasionally
larger) whitish spot between R* and M! at their base, edged, irregularly and variably,
with a rim of mixed black and red scales ; fringe shining pale yellowish, mostly
purple-blackish at base, and with spots of the same colour extending irregularly
and to variable distances across the fringe, the largest and most prominent covering
it between R* and M', Hlindwing pale fleshy, sometimes whitish, always darken-
ing at termen and especially at tornus and inner margin, the dark tornal blotch
sometimes mixed with fuscous, always separated from the inner-marginal darkening
by a narrow pale space ; fringe concolorous with that of forewing, none of the dark —
spots (or only that at apex) crossing it completely. Underside bright reddish,
paler towards inner margin of both wings, especially of forewing ; costal edge of
forewing bright ochreous, ro
( 437)
2, 26-28 mm. Differs as follows: Forewing above rather less bright green
and with a very large blotch (either grey or purple-red) from tornus to R?,
encroaching into cell, on posterior margin occupying at least one-third of wing, on
termen reaching at least to M’, its proximal edge more or less indented between M
and SM?;-a narrow distal border of the same colour adjoining the blotch, becoming
wider round the wing-excision but very narrow again at apex.- Tlindwing grey,
faintly violaceous, in the red-blotched examples strongly suffused with reddish,
especially towards inner margin ; distinct traces of a darker, pale-edged median
line, slightly concave; fringes less darkly marked than in ¢. Underside grey,
except costal edge of forewing ; both wings (especially forewing) with some reddish
suffusion basally.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911.(A. S. Meek), a good series of both
sexes in coll. Rothschild; the type d dated February.
Rather variable apart from the sexual dimorphism. In one d, in which the
normally present spot is abnormally large and crosses M’, there is a second, similar
bat much smaller spot posterior to it, touching M*. Two % % taken in January, both
red-blotched, vary in the depth of the colour, and one has a distinct red line along
R$ and red bar along R? connecting the blotch with the distal border.
Dichordophora gen. nov.
Face smooth. Palpus rather strong, second joint reaching beyond frons, rongh-
scaled above and beneath, third joint distinct, moderate. Tongue developed.
Antenna in both sexes pectinate to beyond three-fourths, the branches in ¢ rather
long, in ? short. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia
in d not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested.
Frenulum wanting in both sexes. Wings with termen entire. Iorewing with cell
less than one-half, DU strongly incurved, SC! from cell, free, or anastomosing with
C, or with Cand SC?, M! not stalked ; hindwing with cell less one-half, DC* strongly
curved, C approximated to cell to about one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked,
M! separate.
Type of the genus: Dichordophora phoenix (Prout) = Dichorda (?) phoenix
Prout, Gen. Ins. 129 p. 128.
I described the type species from the ¢ sex only, and was consequently unaware
of the absence of the ¢ frenulum ; but a referenee—even provisional—to Dichorda
was quite inexcusable, indicating an insufficient examination, for I find the ? hind-
tibia lacks the median spurs. Through the kindness of Mr. J. A. Grossbeck, who
has sent me the gd, I am now able to give a correct generic account of the species.
It is quite distinct from the other two-spurred genera of the New World in which
the d frenulum is absent (Anomphax, Kucrostes, and ? Dyscheilia). Without
disarranging the existing key to the genera, it can be introduced in No, 9 thus :
Palpus moderately long, rough-scaled ; hindwing with C approximated to cell
to about one-half. ; ; 3 ; - ; . Dichordophora.
101. Omphacodes minima spec. nov.
3,16mm. Face reddish? (discoloured) ; vertex white, occiput green. Palpus
with second joint rather long, third joint moderate. Tongue apparently wanting.
Antennal shaft white, pectinations long, brownish. Thorax and abdomen dorsally
green, spotted with cream-colour.
( 488 )
Forewing with SC! connate with SC’, anastomosing with OC, R! stalked, M*
connate; bright green with costal edge white, small white discal dot and wavy
post-median line, the latter not well expressed except as white vein-dots, slightly
excurved anteriorly and inecurved in submedian area ; termen with white dots at
the vein-ends; fringe whitish, dark-spotted opposite the veins. Hindwing
similar, the postmedian line still more ill-expressed.
Underside paler, unmarked.
Zungeru, Northern Nigeria (G. B. Simpson). Type in coll. Brit. Mus.
102. Hemistola tricolorifrons spec. nov.
3, 41-42 mm. Face red above, strongly mixed with green in middle, white
below. Palpus minute (scarcely half diameter of eye), red above, white beneath.
Antennal shaft white, pectinations long, ochreons. Head green, with a narrow
white fillet between the antennae. Thorax and abdomen green above, white beneath.
Fore and middle legs red above and on inner side; hindleg slender, tibia not
dilated. :
Wings unusually broad, smooth-margined, thinly scaled, subdiaphanous ; green,
strigulated with white, as in Prasinocyma, no markings, fringe concolorous.
Forewing with SC! anastomosing shortly with C, R! shortly stalked, M! connate ;
costal margin very narrowly ochreous, still more narrowly edged with red.
Hindwing with © shortly approximated to cell, moderately rapidly diverging, M’
shortly stalked. i
Forewing beneath paler green, becoming whitish posteriorly; costal edge
bright red in proximal half. Hindwing beneath whitish. ‘
W. slopes of Mount, Kenya, 5000—8500 ft., February 18, 1911 (S. A. Neave).
Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Also a precisely similar ¢ from Lamu Island, February 18,
1912 (S. A. Neave). - ;
Apart from the stracture this species strongly recalls Prasinocyma ampla
Warr. (Nor. Zool. xi. p. 465), though even broader-winged. The hindwing shows a
very strong basal expansion and no trace of frennlum, otherwise I should have
suspected a relationship with the slender-winged species of Heterorachis (diaphana
Warr. and asyllaria Swinh.). ,
Lophostola Prout.
Since publishing my revision I have still further confirmed the absence of
the frenulum in this interesting genus (cf. Gen. Ins. 129, pp. 229, 252). It is the
only one, so far as is yet known, which has preserved the strong abdominal crests
(which tend to disappear in the specialised forms) with the loss of the d frenulum,
and my “ perhaps,” in discussing the subject on p. 2 of my work, can be deleted.
103. Lophostola cara spec. nov.
3. Differs from annuligera Swinh. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iti. p. 94) in its
smaller size, slightly brighter, less bluish green colour, lack of dark spotting on
the ochreous costal margin of forewing, bright red discal spot on each wing, not
pale-centred and only very finely and indistinctly pale-surrounded, more yellowish
(not whitish) fringes, with no prominent fuscous line at base, the spots in the
middle of fringe more reddish fuscous ; abdominal crests likewise somewhat more
reddish. In addition, the two lines of the forewing do not terminate in markedly
( 439 )
enlarged white spots on posterior margin; on the other hand, the first line is
traceable, almost uninterrupted, as far as to vein M, excurved in submedian area.
Tooth at R* of hindwing somewhat sharper.
Bibianaha, Gold Coast, November 1911 (H. G. F. Spurrell). Type in coll.
Brit. Mus.
As a typical specimen of annuligera was taken by Mr. Spnrrell in January
1912 at the same locality, it is just possible that, in spite of its different aspect,
cara is a seasonal form of that species.
104. Berta arfakensis spec. noy.
3 3, 24 mm. Shape, coloration, and aspect of chrysolineata, which also
occurs in the Ninay Valley. do antenna pectinate for less than half its length
(in chrysolineata to beyond one-half).— Forewing with basal area white, with only
a very few olive markings ; an olive band from middle of posterior margin (where
it is nearly 2 mm. in width), outcurved a little between the medians, thence parallel
with termen, projecting strong teeth distad along the veins ; a band running from
this band at vein M, crossing the cell to costa at about one-fourth ; both these
bands enclose large white spots, which tend in places to break them up into
pairs of lines; a few olive spots in the enclosed white costal triangle, one on
midcosta being the largest; a zigzag olive subterminal line, thickening into two
blotches proximally between the radials; a terminal line similarly thickened ;
fringe chequered white and pale olive. Hindwing with irregular olive blotching
at ends of cell, enclosing a round white spot in the projecting lower arm of cell
and thickening and extending between the medians so as to join the outer line,
which is strongly dentate ; subterminal and terminal lines and fringe nearly as ou
forewing.
Differs in venation in having the angulation of the discocellulars exaggerated
in both wings, R' of forewing longer stalked, SC! still arising beyond it, SC? only
just before, or even just after, SC*, often anastomosing with SC!. Superficially,
arfakensis is best distinguished by having on both wings a continuous white band
between the median and distal olive markings.
Ninay Valley, Central Arfak Mountains. Dutch New Guinea (3500 ft.),
November 1908—March 1909. Type d in coll. Rothschild with; others of both
sexes; also in coll. Brit. Mus. and coll. L. B. Prout.
105. Berta fenestrata spec. nov.
3 %,23 mm. Face and head olive-green, vertex narrowly white.. Palpus
olive above, white beneath. d antenna pectinated to about two-thirds, the branches
* long. Thorax and abdomen olive-green above, with white spots ; beneath white. Fore
and middle legs olive-green, white beneath ; hindleg white, faintly tinged with
olive above.
Wings dull olive-green, marked with white. Forewing broad, SC! anasto-
mosing with C at a point or more, SC? arising opposite SC°, not (as in all the
olivescens 1 haye examined) anastomosing with SC!; discocellulars of pronounced
Berta shape ; base spotted with white ; a white subbasal band not reaching costa,
partly confluent (especially just behind M) with the succeeding ; a very irregular
antemedian white band, projecting and thickening distally in cell and still more
in submedian area; a discocellular white patch, broadest anteriorly, where it
( 440 )
encloses a small olive-green spot ; an elongate white costal patch anteriorly to
this ; a postmedian band formed as in albiplaga Warr. (Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1893, p. 357, t. 31, f. 5), but rather broader, a more broken band proximally to it,
consisting of a broad mark from costa nearly to R® (preceded proximally by a
small isolated white spot between SC* and R'), a quadrate, sub-oblong patch lying
on (anteriorly to) R* and some smaller spots in posterior half of wing ; subterminal
spots small, placed on the veins ; fringe with white spots in proximal half, continued
more weakly in distal, placed opposite the veins. Hindwing similar to that of
albiplaga, the postmedian band (correspondingly to that of forewing) somewhat
thicker, especially in the type specimen (¢).
Under-surface white, with extremely feeble traces of olive markings, especially
costally on the forewing.
Vella Layella, Solomon Islands, March 1908 (type, ¢) ; Arawa, Bougainville,
December 1907 (cotype, 2) ; both in coll. Rothschild, collected by A. S. Meek.
Possibly a local race of albiplaga Warr. (of which I only know the ?), with
much more white on forewing. The smaller size and much increased white
markings distinguish it from olivescens Warr., even if the venational difference
prove inconstant ; the shorter non-pectinate part of the d antenna differentiates it
at once from the chrysolineata group.
106. Comostolopsis subsimplex spec. nov.
3 %, 16-18 mm. Face bright orange ; vertex narrowly white between antennae,
crown otherwise green. Paipae bright orange, second joint pale beneath, third
joint strongly elongate. Antennal shaft whitish, ¢ pectinations more reddish than
in stillata Feld. Thorax and abdomen green dorsally. Foreleg marked with red
above and on inner side.
Wings rather bright green, much less blue than in s¢idlata, slightly deste
than in simplex Warr., costal edge of forewing extremely narrowly ochreous; both
wings with dark red discal dot and terminal line, the latter interrupted at the
vein-ends and thickened midway between, and with golden yellow fringes (in the d
slightly more reddish) ; forewing with two ill-expressed, wavy, whitish, transverse
lines, the outer apparently somewhat dentate, incurved somewhat between the
radials and posteriorly, continued on hindwing. In the ¢ the lines are marked
with small red dots on SM’, that of the antemedian rather larger.
Under-surface whitish green, the forewing with decided red suffusion except at
posterior margin ; fringes yellowish.
Antananarivo, 3 (type) and % (Chulliat) in coll. L. B. Prout.
107. Pyrrhorachis (?) marginata Warr.
Chlorochroma (2?) marginata Warr., Nov. Zool. vi. p. 21 (1899).
This species was accidentally omitted from my revision. Described from a
single 2, from Little Key Island, Palpus long and slender; hindtibia with two
very unequal pairs of spurs (Warren overlooked one of the medians); wing-shape
somewhat intermediate between that of normal Pyrrhorachis and that of
Chloéres ; forewing with SC! about connate, M! stalked. I am inclined to suspect
it is an aberrant Pyrrhorachis, but until the d is discovered it cannot positively
be proved that it is not a Prasinocyma (Chlorochroma Warr.), as tentatively
suggested by its author, The discocellulars are not at all like those of Comostola.
Azhe
( 441 )
108. Pyrrhorachis rhodometopa spec. nov.
3,22 mm. Face green, forehead partly crimson. Vertex crimson, between
antennae, the rest of the head green. Antennal shaft crimson in basal half, slightly
spotted with whitish. Thorax above red in middle, patagia and tegulae creen.
Base of abdomen green dorsally, dorsum otherwise red.
Wings bright apple-green. Forewing with costal margin yellowish, densely
sprinkled thronghont with deep crimson; distal margin red, preceded by a very
fine yellow line which runs out into dots at the vein-ends; fringe pink proximally,
paler and duller distally. Hindwing with termen and fringe as on forewing.
Wings beneath paler, forewing with costal margin fuscous, both wings with
elongate fuscous interneural spots at termen, fringe lighter fuscous.
Mount Goliath, January—February 1911 (A.S8. Meek), 2 3 in coll. Rothschild.
Closely related to ruficeps Warr. (Nov. Zool. xiii. p. 89), possibly a local race,
but larger, with less of the face red, the red borders of the wings much narrower,
the costal more crimson red, not dotted with fuscous ; termen of forewing rather
less rounded, hindwing rather less elongate, etc.
Androzeugma gen. noy.
Face smooth. Palpus rather slender, with appressed scales ; in ¢ rather short,
in 2 moderate, third joint in both sexes distinct, in ¢ rather short, in 2 more
elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in ¢ thick, almost simple, shortly lamellate ;
in ? simple. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in d not dilated, in both sexes with
a pair of short terminal spurs, medians wanting. Abdomen not crested. Wings
- delicate, rather thinly scaled, termen almost smooth, that of hindwing very slightly
bent at R* Frenulum wanting in both sexes. Forewing with cell rather short,
SC stalked, SC! free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! stalked with
subcostals, M’ stalked ; hindwing with cell short, DC* moderately oblique, C in
the d anastomosing with SC, shortly or to less than one-half cell, in ? merely
appressed, SC? rather long-stalked, M' stalked.
Type of the genus: Androzeugma hapala spec. nov.
Belongs to my Group VI. Although the more slender build, thinner scaling,
coloration, ete., strongly suggest that it has no really near affinity with Méxocera
Warr., the structural variations in the last-named leave few characters which can
be rigidly enforced as differential in all cases. The palpal differences are the
most convenient; the anastomosis of C of the hindwing with the cell in the male
is stronger than has been observed outside the five genera separated off at No. 2
in my key, but, curiously enough, is not shared by the 2. To adapt my key to the
reception of this new genus it will be necessary to read (Gen, Ins. 129, p. 18):
18. Palpus in both sexes quite short . 5 d ; : : 795
Palpus moderate to long, especially in the ? “ : 20.
20. Face and femora smooth ; both wings with M! stalked or at leash
connate : ¢ 20A.
Face rough-scaled, femora Meley: fat h wings mith Mt Hae
separate at origin : ; : . Lulops.
20a, Antenna in both sexes pecninte (or in g vonunbltnee serrate),
build robust, scaling thick, forewing with SC! from cell Eucrostes.
Antenna in both sexes simple, build slender, scaling thin, fore-
wing with SC! stalked : i f " é Androxeugma,
( 442 )
109. Androzeugma hapala spec. nov.
32, 22-27 mm. Face and upper side of palpus orange; vertex and antenna
pale yellowish : occiput green. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter with
yellow dorsal line. Foreleg reddish orange above and on inner side.
Wings whitish green, closely irrorated with blue-green, the resultant tone
about as in Nenochlorodes nubigena Woll. Forewing with costal edge pale
yellowish; lines creamy whitish; first line very indistinct, from costa before one-
fourth, oblique outwards to behind M, then bent and falling nearly vertically on
hindmargin ; postmedian line finely dentate, almost parallel with termen ; cell-spot
very small, yellow ; fringe yellowish. Hindwing similar, without first line.
Under-surface paler, unmarked ; costal edge of forewing yellowish.
Zungeru, Northern Nigeria, 4 dd, April 21, 1911 (type), May 15-18, 1911,
November 17,1911, 1 2, April 27, 1911 (Scott Mactie); N’Gami Country (F. D.
Lugard), 1 worn d; all in coll. Brit. Mus.
110. Allochrostes curvilinea (Pront).
Omphacodes eurvilinea Prout, Gen. Ins. 129, p. 221 (1912).
I find this species has only two spurs on the hindtibia, thus not an Ompha-
codes. It probably may represent a new genus, the facies being altogether unlike
that of Adllochrostes; but as the ¢ is still unknown and the ? presents no very
salient characters, it must in the meantime be referred here.
NOTES ON PALAEARCTIC ZYGAENIDAE.
By Dr. K. JORDAN.
N Rom., Mém. Lép. iii. p. 170 (1887), Dr. O. Staudinger described a new species
of Zygaenid from Amaurland for which he proposed the new genus Inope,
mentioning as chief distinguishing characters that veins 7 and 8 of the forewing
are stalked, the hindtibia bears two pairs of spurs, and the ?-antenna is quite
smooth. A second species of Jnope from the same district was described as
I. impellucida by Graeser in 1888 (Berl. Ent. Zeits. 32, p. 108), who also described
another semitransparent Zygaenid without markings as Northia ulmivora, \.c.
p- 107. When writing the descriptions of the Palaearctic Zygaenids for Dr. Seitz’s
Macrolepidoptera of the World, I was not acquainted with these three species,
and, as all three were said by Staudinger and Graeser respectively to have two pairs
of hindtibial spurs, I united them under the generic term Jnope Stand. (1887),
adding the rider under Clelea that the species of Jnope might possibly belong
to Clelea.
Herr R. Piingeler has been so kind as to send me for examination from his rich
collection some specimens of the above species, which confirm my doubt as to the
validity of nope, though only partly in the anticipated direction.
The statements as to structure in the original description of Inope heterogyna
are not all correct. The hindtibia bears only one pair of spurs, not two pairs, and
the %-antenna is distinctly dentate, but the last two subcostals of the forewing
( 443 )
(SC! and SC*,= veins 7 and 8) are stalked as stated by Staudinger. As the
foretibia does not bear a spur, there remains nothing to distinguish Znope from
Procris (= Ino), in which genus the subcostals 4 and 5 are occasionally also
stalked. nope, therefore, sinks as a synonym of Procris.
Graeser’s w/mivora has only one pair of hindtibial spurs. Herr Max Bartel,
who has acquired the Dieckmann collection containing Graeser’s types, also has
found but one pair of hindtibial spurs in the types, according to a note on the labels
of Herr R. Piingeler’s specimens. The species, however, bears a long spur on the
foretibia, and therefore must be placed with J//iberis Walk. (1854) = Northia
Walk. (1854, preoce.).
The third species, zmpellucida Graeser (1888), bears two pairs of spurs on the
hindtibia, as stated by the author. The subcostals 4 and 5 of the forewing are
stalked and the foretibia has a long epiphysis. The species agrees in these
characters with Cle/ea, where it should be placed.
The three species of Jnope, therefore, part company, each finding a resting-
place in a different genus.
Procris heterogyna Stand. (1887) is similar in colouring to Procris elegans
Pouj. (1886), which also occurs in Amurland, and is frequently identified with
Iltiberis sinensis Walk. (1854), a species only known with certainty from China and
belonging to a different subfamily. The colouring of the body and the dark portions
of the wings is of a much blacker tone in /eterogyna than in P. elegans. The
antennae are thinner, and the branches of the d-antenna only slightly club-shaped,
hairy, with a few scales on the dorsal surface, the branches contrasting strongly
with those of P. elegans-d, in which they are strongly widened and densely scaled,
as in P. pruni Schiff. (1776). Both wings are narrower than in P. elegans; the
subcostals 4 and 5 are stalked, and the anterior cell-angle of the hindwing is much
less obtuse than in P. elegans, being slightly over 90°. The clasper of the ¢
apparently has no prominent tooth.
( 444 )
EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN SAHARA.*
By ERNST HARTERT.
Xx.
QUELQUES NEVROPTERES DU SAHARA FRANGAIS.
Par te R. P. LONGIN NAVAS, S.J.
La liste qui va suivre représente le produit des chasses névroptériques de M. le
Dr. Hartert dans le Sahara algérien pendant I’an 1912. Un premier lot m’a
été confié lors de mon heureuse visite au Musée Zoologique de Tring avec les
Congressistes da [1° Congrés entomologique d’Oxford, le 10 aott passé; un autre
m’a été envoyé dernitrement 3 a Saragosse par le Dr. Hartert.
Je tiens a remercier ici vivement M. le Dr. Hartert par lobligeance de m/’avoir
fourni Voccasion d’étudier des formes si intéressantes et par sa générosité me
permettant incorporer 4 ma collection quelques doubles de plusieurs espéces.
Dans l’énnmération je suivrai Pordre des Familles et des Tribus.
Faw. NEMOPTERIDES.
Tribu NEMOPTERINI.
1. Halter halteratus Forsk.
Oued Mya Sud, 4 mai.—H. de Ghardaia, 2 juin.—Oued Nea (de Ghardaia &
Guerrara), 8—5 juin, 10 échantillons.
Ces captures étendent considérablement l’aire géographique de l’espéce, connue
déji de Asie occidentale et du nord-est de l'Afrique.
[Trés nombreux dans l’Oned Mya Sud, venant a la lampe an soir—E. H.]
Tribu CROCINI.
2. Nina chobauti MacLachl. (Fig. 1).
Croce chobauti MacLachlan, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1898, p. 169.
La présence de la dudle aux ailes du d fait entrer cette espece dans le genre
Nina Nay.
Le ¢ étant encore inédit, j’en donnerai ici une courte description.
Fig. 1.
Nina chobauti WL. &
Aile antérieure }.
Antennae pallidae, ante apicem leviter incrassatae, apice acute. Vertex
latior oenlo,
* See anted, pp. 1—163.
( 445 )
Ala anterior (fig. 1) reticulatione fusca; stigmate flavido, hand fusco interne
limitato ; area costali 12 venulis ante stigma, radiali 2 venulis internis, 9 ante
stigma; bulla alba, antrorsum linea curva fusea limitata.
Ala posterior bulla valde prominente, subtriangulari, granulosa, sordide alba.
Long. corp. (cum prosost) : 10°38 mm.
» al pare LOS) + 55
9), post: 33 ”
Hab. Oued Mya Sud, avril. 3 échantillons 2,1 3.
Trouvée auparavant & lAlgérie.
3. Nina harterti sp. nov. (Fig. 2).
Corpus pallidum, rufescente pictum.
Capnt albidum ; oculis plumbeis, globosis ; vertice illis latiore, macula elongata
fasco-rufa ; prosostomate longo, latitudine capitis cam oculis longiore, apice leviter
rufescente, in medio basilari lateraliter fusco lineato.
Prothorax elongatus, in medio anteriore angustatus, albidus, dorso duabus
lineis latis longitudinalibus ferrugineis. Mesonotum similiter trilineatum, vel
subtotum ferrugineum (?). Metanotum breve, transversum, rufescens.
Abdomen gracile, cylindricum, stramineum, fusco-ferrugineo lateraliter et ad
apicem segmentornm pictum, albido pilosum.
Pedes graciles, albidi; tarsis longis, articulo 1° ceteris simul sumptis 1}
longiore.
Ala anterior (fig. 2) margine costali ante stigma recto, ultra stigma fortiter
curvato; margine posteriore in d ad bullam fortiter excavato; apice obtuso ;
Fig, 2,
Nina harterti Nav. &
a,—Aile antérieure, §. b.—Bulle de la méme,
membrana hyalina, iridea; reticulatione subtota fusca, fimbriis pallidis. Area
costalis angusta, 14-18 venulis ante stigma; stigmate maxima parte albo, interne
spatio triangulari ferrugineo, Area apicalis leviter ampliata, aliquot venulis furcatis.
Area radialis 2 venulis ante sectorem, 10-14 ante stigma. Sector radii pleramque
9 ramis, primo prope basim furcato, ceteris simplicibus. Venulae intermediae seu
inter sectorem et procubitum numerosae, 10-14, discales paucae. Bulla subtriangu-
laris, nivea, antice fusco-ferrugineo lineata.
Ala posterior triplo longior, filiformis, alba, venis in quarto basilari fascescentibus ;
bulla in 4° vel 5° basilari sita, valde prominente, subtriangulari, albo-grisea, externe
linea fuscescente signata,
( 446 )
Long. corp. (cum prosost.): 12 mm.
al. ant. :
», post. :
”
”
12-4 ,,
30-34 ,,
Hab. Oued Mya Sud, avril; Ain Guettara, 11 avril. 13 échantillons.
[Trés nombreux au soir prés d’Ain Guettara—E. H.]
Fam. MYRMELEONIDES.
Tribu MYRMELEONINI,
4. Myrmeleon cinereus Klug.
Myrmeleon distinguendus Ramb.
8. Oued Mya, 8 avril. 2 échantillons.
Connu déja de Ja région méditerranée.
Oued Mya Sud,
5. Myrmeleon fasciatus Nav.
S avril. 7 échantillons. Le type est d’Hgypte.
6. Nesoleon arenosus sp. noy. (Fig. 3).
Similis variegato, Klug.
Caput testaceo-pallidum, macula interantennali fusca ; palpis pallidis, ultimo
articulo labialinm grandi, inflato, fusiformi, fusco ; antennis fortibus, fuscis, fulvo
Fig. 3.
Nesoleon arenosus Nav.
Téte et thorax.
annulatis, primis articulis flavidis, clava depressa ; oculis nigris ;
vertice linea longitudinali media angusta et macula bina
subrotunda laterali fuscis ; occipite fasco punctulato (fig. 3).
Prothorax testaceus, subaeque longus ac latus, pilis
pallidis, superne tribus lineis longitudinalibus fuscis, media
recta, Jateralibus sinuosis. Meso- et metathorax testaceo-flavi,
superne quinque lineis longitudinalibus, lateralibus interruptis,
signati (fig. 3); inferne fusco Hneati.
Abdomen testaceum, inferne fuscum, superne fusco trilinea-
tum, lineis ad apicem segmentorum interruptis ; pilis flavidis.
Pedes pallidi; femoribus fusco punctatissimis ; tibtis apice
fuscis ; anterioribus et intermediis fusco punctatis ; calcaribus
testaceis, primo tarsoram articulo brevioribus ; tarsis pallidis,
fusco late annulatis.
Alae hyalinae, irideae, apice obtusae.
Ala anterior reticulatione fusco et pallido striata, aliquot
venulis angustissime limbatis in tertio apicali et posteriore ;
stria posteriore ad anastomosim et externa ad rhegma parum sensibilibus ; stigmate
interne fuscescente ; area apicali serie venularum gradataram fusco limbatarum ;
area radiali 8 venulis pallidis internis.
Ala posterior pallidior, reticulatione subtota pallida, fusco punctata; stigmate
interne leviter infuscato; 7 venulis radialibus internis.
Long. corp. :
» al. ant.
21 mm.
3) -20°Disy
9 99 post.: 17 ,,
Hab, Oued Mya Sud, 1-5 mai, 1 échantillon,
= fe ena
*
POP LE Ht ny
er?
( 447)
7. Nesoleon puellus sp. nov.
Minor, fuscus, testaceo varius.
Caput testaceum, fronte nigra inter antennas; palpis testaceis, ultimo articulo
labialium externe fusco maculato; vertice fornicato, medio sulcato, duplici linea
transversa punctis fuscis ; oculis fusco-plnmbeis; antennis fortibus, testaceis, fasco
annulatis.
Prothorax latior quam longior, pilis pallidis; testaceus ; tribus lineis dorsalibus
longitudinalibus fuscis. Meso- et metanotum similiter trilineata. Pectus subtotum
fuscum, testaceo maculatum.
Abdomen fuscum, albido pilosam ; superne bina linea laterali testacea.
Pedes pallide testacei, fasco punctati; femoribus anterioribus et intermediis
punctatissimis, posterioribus subtotis fuscis ; calcaribus testaceis, primo tarsoram
articulo brevioribus.
Alae hyalinae, in tertio spicali latae; stigmate pallido, interne late fusco
limitato ; reticulatione subtota fusca, pallido striata ; sectore radii 7 ramis.
Ala anterior area apicali serie venularum gradatarum fusco limbataram
instructa. Pleraeque venulae radiales, aliquot discales supra rhegma in striam
obliquam fusco limbatae ; praeterea stria fusca ad ramum anteriorem cubiti et ad
anastomosim rami obliqui. Aliquot axillae furcularam marginalium angustissime
fusco limbatae. Area radialis 7 venulis internis.
Ala posterior aliqnot venulis radialibus limbatis; venula rhegmatica vix
sensibiliter; praeterea multis aliis. Venulae radiales internae 5.
Long. corp. : 20 mm.
PE ad Hanh. 2 nL Sh ey
eS) OSL) sel Oita
Hab, Oued Nea (de Ghardaia i Guerrara), 3-Ojuin. 2 échantillons.
8. Myrmecaelurus lepidus Klug.
Oued Mya Sud, 1-6 mai. 1 échantillon. Connu jusqu’a présent de l’Egypte.
9. Myrmecaelurus trigrammus Pall.
Espéce de la région méditerranée.
Oued Nea (de Ghardaia & Guerrara), 38-5 juiun—Oued Mya Sud 3 mai.
2 échantillons.
10. Myrmecaelurus lachlani Nav.
Mem, Real. Acad. Cienc. Barcelona, vol. x. 1912, n. 9., p. 43, £. 20.
Espéce algérienne.
Un échantillon ? que je rapporte ’ cette espéce décrite sur le ? seulement. Je
vais la décrire en ce qu’elle a de particulier.
%. Abdomen inferne subtotum fuscum.
Alae reticulatione subtota flava ; subcosta ad insertionem venularum manifeste
fusca ; item aliquot venis ad insertionem venularum leviter fuscatis.
Ala anterior area radiali venulis pluribus, 6-7 ante sectorem, 6-7 ultra
sectorem ante stigma.
Ala posterior yenulis radialibus 5—5 respective,
( 448 )
Long. corp. : 22°59 mm.
sy nell. wanit..ce OAc o eee
3. on mbes eens, :
Hab. Oued Nea (de Ghardaia 4 Guerrara), 3-5 juin. :
La différence principale que je remarqne consiste dans le plus grand nombre
de veinules dans le champ costal.
11. Myrmecaelurus medius sp. nov. (Fig. 4).
Similis majori MacLachl. Flavus, fortis.
Caput ocalis nigris; antennis fortibus, crassis, clava parum dilatata; ferrugineis ;
articulo 1° annulo basilari fusco, 2° fusco; vertice linea longitudinali fusca; palpis
labialibus articulo ultimo puncto externo fusco notato.
Prothorax latior quam Jongior, antice leviter angustatus; angulis anticis
rotundatis ; margine antico medio leviter concayo ; disco linea media longitudinali
fusca. Meso- et metanotum fusco trilineata, lineis lateralibus interruptis. Pectus
flavum, fusco pallide lineatum.
Abdomen flavum, pilis flavis, ut in thorace ; superne tribus lineis longitudi-
nalibus fuscis, media latiore.
Pedes flavi, flavo pilosi, fusco breviter setosi; tibiis anterioribus robustis ;
calcaribus testaceis, primum tarsorum articulum superantibus.
Alae (fig. 4) angustae, apice obtusae; membrana hyalina; stigmate flavo-
Fic. 4.
Myrmecaelurus medius Nay. 9 Ailes 3.
(Presque schématiques),
testaceo ; reticulatione flavido et nigro varia; sectore radii cum initio et apice ejus
ramorum nigro.
Ala anterior area apicali venulis gradatis nigris; area radiali 4 venulis flavis
internis ; procubito toto nigro; cubito cum venulis utrimque ortis flavo, apice nigro ;
posteubito nigro, apice excepto, Aliae venulae ramique in disco nigri; linea
plicata flava.
Ala posterior area apicali una alterave gradata venula nigra; area radiali 3
venulis internis flavis ; procubito toto flavo; cubito toto nigro cum ramo obliqno
confluente. Aliae venulae ramique discales nigri; linea plicata flava.
Long. corp. : 33:5 min.
3), als AGP OMrO peas
itt. digo se eereOmnns
Tiong. ,, post.:. -28 ,, i:
Hab, Ei. de Ghardaia, 18 juin. 1 échantillon.
( 449 )
12. Myrmecaelurus tabarinus sp. nov.
Flavus, fusco et testaceo varius. Similis dachlani Nav.
Caput flavum, fronte inter antennas fusco-ferruginea, linea ante antennas in A
fusea ; vertice suleato, linea media longitudinali antrorsam incompleta et macula
grandi laterali subelliptica fusco-ferrnginea; oculis fuscis; antennis ferrugineis,
fusco leviter annulatis; clava oblonga, flavida; palpis flavis, artienlo ultimo
labialiam externe fuseo punctato.
Thorax flavus, pilis flavis; superne fnsco trilineatus, linea media integra,
lateralibus interruptis ; inferne fusco maculatus. Prothorax latior quam longior,
lineis lateralibus ad sulcum interruptis, puncto ante suleum continuatis.
Abdomen testaceum, flavido pilosum; inferne fascia longitudinali integra,
superne fascia media longitudinali ad apicem segmentorum interrupta, lata, alia
angusta laterali, ad prima segmenta obsoleta, fuscis.
Pedes flavi, fusco setosi; calcaribus primo tarsorum articulo brevioribus ;
tarsorum articulis apice ferrugineis.
Alae hyalinae, apice subacutae ; reticulatione flava, ad venularum insertionem
fusco striata; stigmate flavo sordido; linea plicata manifesta; area apicali serie
venularum gradatarum instructa; area radiali 5 venulis internis seu ante sectorem,
4 inter ortum sectoris et stigma.
Long. corp. : 22 mm.
foal. ant.: 23" -,,
Pee rasya [OStatic Len ass
Hab. Oued Nea (de Ghardaia i Guerrara), 3-5 juin. 2 échantillons.
13. Lopezus gen, nov.
Similis Myrmecaeluro, Costa.
Antennae thorace breviores, clava manifesta. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo
fnsiformi.
Abdomen ¢ unica appendice laterali geniculata ad apicem septimi segmenti
abdominis, pilis longis instructa.
Pedes calearibus primo tarsorum articulo brevioribus.
Alae angustae ; vennlis costalibus simplicibus ; area apicali aliquot vel nullis
yenulis gradatis; area radiali paucis venulis internis, seu ante sectorem, pauciores 5.
Sector radii ultra ramum obliquum cubiti ortus. Ramus obliquus cubiti apertus, seu
oblique in marginem posteriorem tendens.
Je prendspour type de ce nouveau genre le Myrmecaelurus fedtschenkoi Mae
Lachl., in Fedtschenko’s Voyage, 1875, p. 6, t. 1, fig. 3-4.
Il se distingue aisément du genre Myrmecaelurus Costa par la présence d’une
senle paire (appendices géniculés poilus ’ ’abdomen du d an lieu de deux paires ;
en outre les veinules radiales internes sont beaucoup moins nombreuses, du méme
que celles en gradins au champ apical ; les éperons plus courts, ete.
14. Lopezus fedtschenkoi MacHachl.
Hab, Wassi el-Hadjar, sud-ovest @Ouargla, 15 mars. Un échantillon do
entitrement conforme 4 la description et figare de MacLachlan ; seulement Vaile
postérieure est sans la sombre tenue représentée dans la figure; ?% Mraier, entre
Biskra et Touggourt, 23 févr, 1912.
MacLachlan dans Trans. Ent, Soc. London, 1898, p. 157, avait déji eité cette
29
( 450 )
espece de l’Algérie: “ I may cite the curious Myrmecaelurus fedtschenkoi, MacLachl.,
which oceurs in the Province of Oran in a slightly modified form.”
Les dimensions de cet échantillon sont :
Longueur du corps : 23 mm.
» dePLaile ant.: 22°5 ,,
” s post.: 20 ,,
15. Solter rothschildi sp. nov.
Testaceus, fusco-ferrugineo varins.
Caput testaceum, facie flava, palpis testaceis, articulo ultimo labialiam externe
fusco punctato ; antennis ferrugineis, testaceo annulatis, inferne pallidioribas, duobus
primis articulis flavidis, clava inferne flavida; oculis fuscis ; vertice testaceo,
ferrugineo maculato.
Thorax testaceus, ferrugineo irregulariter notatus. Prothorax latior quam
longior. Pectus testaceum, flavido varium.
Abdomen testaceum, segmentis plerisque late ferrugineo-fusco fasciatis, vel
potius fusco-ferrugineum, segmentis basi testaceis ; pilis brevibus, ad basim pallidis,
ad apicem fuscis.
Pedes testaceo-rufi, fortes, pilis brevibus, albidis ; apice tibiarum et articuloram
tarsalium leviter fuscatis; calcaribus testaceis, duos primos tarsorum articulos
longitudine subaequantibns.
Alae amplae, apice obtusae, hyalinae ; reticulatione testaceo et fusco-ferrugineo
varia ; stigmate testaceo, interne ferragineo late limitato.
Ala anterior area costali venulis simplicibus ; area apicali serie venularuam
gradatarum fuscaram ; radiali pleramque simplici, cubitali simplici, seu uniareolata ;
sectore 8 ramis ; 5 venulis radialibus internis.
Ala posterior pallidior, reticulatione subtota testacea ; venis aliquot ad inser-
tionem venularum fusco-ferrugineo striatis; area apicali sine venulis gradatis,
radiali simplici, paucis venulis internis, 2-4; sectore 8-9 ramis; pilula ¢
peticulata, disco testaceo.
Long. corp. : 20-25°5 mm.
» al. ant.: 23:5-28 ,,
» 9) post.: 21-25 ,,
Hab. Oued Mya Sud, 1-5 mai; 8. de Ghardaia, 26-30 mai, 13 échantillons.
Obs, Jinclus cette espéce et la suivante dans mon genre Solter (Broteria, 1912,
32), quoique plusieurs échantillons ne posstdent pas un caractére “area radiali
partim biareolata vel reticulata ante sectorem.” Ce caractére, dune importance
tres secondaire, pent étre omis dans la caractéristiqne du genre, on bien Ini ajouter +
“quandoque,” ou “non semper.”
On connaissait de ce genre quelques espéces de Portugal et de Syrie ; il est
nouveau pour |’ Afrique.
[Cette espece ¢tait tres commune vers la fin de mai, volant & la lampe.—-E. H.]
16, Solter nevipennis sp. nov.
Similis rothschildi, Testaceus, fasco-ferrugineo varius.
Caput testaceum; oculis fusco-nigris; palpis maxillaribus apice obscaratis, —
labialibus articulo ultimo grandi, inflato, apice subito mucronato ; antennis tenn
fusco-rufo anguste annulatis.
( 451 )
Thorax testaceus, pilis concoloribus, fusco-ferrugineo varius. Prothorax paulo
latior quam longior, angulis anticis rotundatis ; dorso fusco-rnfo trilineatus, linea
centrali integra, cum lateralibus postice coalescente, lateralibus ante sulenm latis,
pone sulcum versus medium retractis seu ad centralem approximatis.
Abdomen inferne testaceo-pallidum, superne testaceum, fascia apicali ad singula
segmenta ferrugineo-fusca.
Pedes testacei, pilis concoloribus, femoribus dorso ad apicem, tibiis anterioribus
et intermediis dorso ad medium et ad apicem infuscatis, posterioribus apice
ferrugineis; calearibus ferrugineis, anterioribus duos primos tarsorum articulos
aequantibus; tarsis 1° articulo longiore 2°, sed multo breviore 5°; hoc apice
fusco.
Alae latae, apice obtusae ; membrana hyalina, reticulatione subtota testacea ;
stigmate albido ; linea plicata manifesta; sectore radii 8 ramis ; area apicali aliquot
venulis gradatis ; area radiali 4-5 venulis internis.
Ala anterior stigmate grandi, interne ferrugineo limitato; reticulatione
ferrngineo et testaceo varia; multis venulis ferrngineo limbatis, atomos discales
et maculam rotundatam ad rhegma efticientibus; areis cubitali et postcubitali
immaculatis.
Ala posterior penitus immaculata; stigmate leviter ferrugineo limitato interne ;
venis aliquot leviter ferrngineo striatis ; area radiali 3-4 venulis internis.
Long. corp: 22 mm.
OREO gs
Se MDOBIsssees)) 95
Hab, Oued Nea (de Ghardaia 4 Guerrara), 3-5 juin. 1 échantillon,
Tribu NEUROLEINI,
17. Neuroleon limbatellus sp. nov. (Fig. 5).
Fusens, testaceo varius.
Caput fuseum, facie maculis pallidis parum definitis; palpis pallidis, articulo
ultimo labialiam fusiformis, externe fusco, mucrone elongato ; oculis fuscis ; antennis
fuscis, pallido annulatis, clava ovali, forti, inferne flava.
Fig. 5.
Neuroleon limbatellus Nay. Prothorax,
Thorax subtotus fuscus, pallido striatus. Prothorax (fig. 5) longior quam
Pak 5 4 |
latior, disco testaceo, fascia laterali angusta, interne ad suleum dilatata, media lata,
medio longitudinaliter divisa, ad sulcum angustata, fuscis.
omen fuscum, singulis segmentis superne ad basim macula grandi testaceo
Abdomen f , singul ement 1 | la grandi test
pallida ; pilis fuscis et pallidis.
Pedes pallidi, graciles, fusco punctati et setosi, femoribus et tibiis apice, tibiis
anticis etiam medio fusco annulatis; calearibus testaceis, parum curvatis, duos
primos tarsorum articulos aequantibus aut superantibus ; tarsorum articulis apice
fuscis,
( 452 )
Alae hyalinae, irideae, immaculatae, apice subacutae ; stigmate pallido,
insensibili, venulis plerisque fuscis, angustissime fusco limbatis ; venis pallidis,
ad venulas fusco striatis.
Ala anterior area radiali 7 venulis internis, sectore 6 ramis,
Ala posterior 1 venula radiali interna, sectore 5 ramis,
Long. corp.: 16-17 mm,
» alant.: 155-195 ,,
By) ve aye Poste 14 DS) ae ,
Hab, Ain Guettara 11 mai; Oued Mya Sad, 1-5 mai. 2 échantillons.
Plusieurs espéces de ce genre sont connues d’Hurope, d’Asie et d’Afrique.
18. Neuroleon nubilus sp. nov.
Fulvus, fusco varius.
Caput facie palpisque pallidis: vertice et fronte fuscis ; antennis thorace
longioribus, fulvis, fasco annulatis, clava depressa.
Prothorax paulo longior quam latior, fulvns, pilis lateralibus albis; linea
longitudinali media bina externe dentata, alia marginali laterali, duobus punetis
intermediis, fuscis. Meso- et metanotum fualva, fusco lineata. Pectus falvo et
fusco varium,
Abdomen falyam, pallidum, albido pilosum, linea dorsali media fusca.
Pedes pallidi, fusco punetati et pilosi, apice tibiarum tarsoramqne articuloram —
fusco; calearibus testaceis, anterioribus primum tarsoram articulum superantibus, —
sed secundum hand aequantibus.
Alae hyalinae, irideae, reticulatione fusca, pallido varia.
Ala anterior stigmate albido interne fusco limitato ; area radiali 7 venulis
internis; sectore radii 7 ramis; venulis aliquot in quinto apicali et axillis
furcularam marginalinm anguste fusco limbatis; stria duplici fusca perspicna,
posteriore ad anastomosim, brevi, anteapicali obliqua longiore.
Ala posterior stria brevi fusca ad rhegma ; venulis aliquot anteapicalibus et
axillis fareularum marginalinm leviter fasco limbataram, limbam seu nobilum
efficientibus ad marginem externum ; stigmate pallido, fere insensibili.
Long. corp.: 14°5 mm.
As) en esse
Senee a DOS Lacie
Hab. Oued Noa (de Ghardaia i Guerrara), 3-5 juin. 1 échantillon.
Obs. Quoique j’aie signalé pour le genre Neuroleon la longueur des éperons
antérienrs excédant les deux premiers articles des tarses, j'inclus dans ce genre
cetfe espece & éperons un peu plus courts, par lensemble de tous les autres”
varactéres. On pourrait modifier la caractéristique du genre ainsi: Calearia primum
tarsorum articulum longitudine excedentia.
19, Macronemurus chryseus sp. nov. (Fig. 6).
Flavus, fusco notatus.
Caput flavam; macula inter antennas fere in x fusca; palpis flavis, articulo —
ultimo labialium grandi, fusiformi, externe ferrugineo; antennis robustis, thorace
multo brevioribus, sensim in clavam ampliatis, falvis, ferrugineo annulatis, articalo:
1° flavo ; oculis fuscis; vertice medio leviter suleato, callo laterali ferrugineo; —
occipite puncto laterali fusco.
( 453 )
Thorax flavus, pilis flavo-albis. Prothorax latior quam longior, linea longi-
_ tudinali media integra fusca, lateralibus subobsoletis, puncto ad suleum distincto.
Mesonotum linea longitudinali media parum sensibili, in scutello longitudinaliter
divisa. Metanotum linea fusca media ad scutellum.
Abdomen flavum, flavo pilosum, superne pilis fuscis, sezmentis ultimis superne
fusco punctatissimis (fig. 6); linea dorsali longitudinali fusca, ad apices seymen-
torum interrapta; inferne bina linea fusca ad prima segmenta, in 8° etiam linea
media brevi; cercis 3 praecedente segmento param longioribus, nigro pilosis,
lie. 6.
Macronemurus chryseus Nav. g, Uxtrémité de labdomen,
basi declivibus, mox rectis, apice leviter incrassato pluribusque tuberculis asperato
(fig. 6).
Pedes flavi, fusco punctati, nigro setosi; calcaribus testaceis, 1° tarsoram
articulo brevioribus ; tarsis 1° et 5° articulo longitudine subaequalibus, 5° longiore,
intermediis brevioribus.
Alae hyalinae, longae, apice subacutae ; margine externo conyexo; reticulatione
flava; subcosta ad venulas fusco punctata ; stigmate flavo, param sensibili, area
radiali 2 yenulis internis ; sectore 7 ramis; linea plicata in tertio apicali manifesta.
Long. corp. d: 32 mm.
Ae alvants 2 22. 15
PERDOBEA i hOs0: 55
age Cele: + 3 F
Hab. Oued Nea (de Ghardaia a Guerrara) 3-5 juin, 1 échantillon 3.
Tribu CREAGRINI.
20. Creagris neurasthenicus sp. noy.
Minor, fuscus, ferrngineo mistus.
Caput facie flava; fronte inter antennas fusca; vertice fulvo, duplici linea
- transversa fusca; oculis fuscis ; antennis fulvis, fusco annulatis, clava forti ; palpis
flavis, ultimo articulo labialium fusiformi, externe fusco-ferrugineo notato.
Prothorax paulo longior quam latior ; marginibus lateralibus parallelis ; in
-prozona seu ante sulcum fulvus, in metazona fuscus, striola laterali anteriore fulva.
Meso- et metanotum fusca, marginibus posterioribus falyis. Pectus fuscum,
ferrugineo notatum.
Abdomen fuscum, pilis fulvis; primis tribus segmentis et margine posteriore
aliquot segmentorum ferrugineis.
Pedes pallidi, fusco pilosi et setosi; calcaribus testaccis, tres primos tarsorum
articulos aequantibus ; tarsis fusco annulatis.
Alae apice subacutae, margine externo convexo, levissime sub ipsum apicem
concavo ; stigmate insensibili ; reticulatione testaceo-pallida, fusco striata; nullis
yenulis limbatis, nulla stria fusca sensibili,
( 454 )
Ala anterior venulis plerisque fuscis ; venis ad insertionem venularum fuscatis ;
area apicali serie venularum gradatarum; area radiali 6 venulis ante sectorem.
Venae venulaeque ad harum insertionem tenuisime, vix sensibiliter nisi sub lente,
limbatae.
Ala posterior pallidior, vennlis plerisque testaceo-pallidis; area apicali aliquot
venulis gradatis.
Long. corp.: 20°56 mm.
AD Oat ZUG 35
95 4, post: 19 7
Hab. Nord @Ain Guettara, 11 avril. 1 échantillon,
21. Nadal gen. nov.
Similis Creagri Ramb.
Japut palpis labialibus articulo ultimo fusiformi.
Pedes graciles, calearibus rectis, primum tarsorum articulum subaequantibns ;
tarsis longis, primo articulo ceteris longiore, tres sequentes longitudine superante,
quinto longo, tribus praecedentibus longitudine subaequali.
Alae reticulatione ut in Creagri. Ala anterior ramo obliquo cubiti margini
postico parallelo, cum posteubito anastomosi conjuncto; area radiali ploribus
venulis ante sectorem, radiali serie venularum gradatarum instracta. Ala posterior
una venula ante sectorem radii. ~
Abdomen longum, ala anteriore pleramgue brevius.
La forme des éperons et des tarses de lespece que j’ai sous les yeux, tout a
fait différente des autres Creagris, m’oblige a la séparer de ce genre et la prendre
pour type @un autre nouveau.
22. Nadal anterior sp. nov. (Fig. 7).
Capnt flavidam ; palpis gracilibus, apice ultimi articali fasco ; vertice param — .
fornicato, duplici linea transversa fusea, anteriore punctiformi; oculis fuscis. — 4
Thorax fuseus, ferrugineo notatus, pilis albidis, Prothorax vix longior quam =
latior, antrorsum angustatus ; margine antico rotundato, late testaceo, pilis albis |
hirto. ; a }
Abdomen totum fuscum, albido breviter pilosum, f |
Pedes albido pilosi, fusco setosi; femoribus subtotis ferrugineis vel fuscis ; tibiis
ee Be
FIG. 7.
Nadal anterior Nay, Aile antérieure } (schématique),
pallidis, apice fuscis; calcaribus testaceis, posterioribus metatarso brevioribus ; 5
tarsis articulo 1° testaceo, intermediis fuscis, ultimo pallido, apice fusco. .
Alae longae, apice acutae; margine externo leviter concavo sub apices
membrana hyalina; reticulatione pallido et fusco varia; venulis gradatis in area
apicali. 5 F
Ala anterior (fig. 7) guttis aliquot fuscis respersa: tribus ad aream radialem,—
ty
( 455 )
inter ortum sectoris et stigma, alia ad ramum anteriorem cubiti, vel ad ramum
obliquum procubiti ; stria obliqua ad anastomosim, alia minore ad rhegma, seu
ante apicem cubitorum ; atomis in lineam obliquam anteapicalem ; praeterea aliquot
venulis in medio apicali angustissime fusco limbatis ; area radiali 7 venulis internis ;
stigmate pallido, interne fuscato.
Ala posterior multo pallidior, sine maculis, limbo angustissimo et pallido ad
rhegma, ad venulam radialem ante stigma, ad venulas gradatas apicales,
Long. corp.: 25 mm.
a ale amit) 22.0,
” ” post. : 20 ,,
Hab, Est de Ghardaia, 2 juin. 1 échautillon.
Tribu GYMNOCNEMINI.
23. Maracanda MacLachl.
Fedtschenko’s Voyage in Turkestan, vol. ii., Moscow, 1875, p. 5.
Avec l’aide des espéces suivantes je vais compléter la caractéristique du genre
Maracanda, en ajoutant les caracttres communs & toutes les espéces que je connais
de ce genre.
Antennae insertione distantes, thorace breviores.
Abdomen ? octavo sternito in lobulos divergentes ad modum fureae postice
producto (fig. 8, b); setis apicalibus uncis (fig. 8, a).
Tibae I, Il, femoribus I, IL breviores.
Alae sectore radii ultra ramum obliquam cubiti orto; area radiali paucis
venulis internis, 2-3 in ala posteriore.
‘ Il est utile de transcrire ici les mots de la traduction anglaise du texte russe
faite par Hagen (Canad. Mntom. 1887, p. 211), & propos de la Maracand1 amoena
MacLach]l. “At the extremity of the abdomen are found two broad triangular
plates, rounded off towards the end, approximate, surrounded internally with black
hairs ; under these plates are two auxiliary palpi, one under each plate, the lower
half of the following abdominal segment deeply cleft in the middle, and with a
lengthened fringe joins a long cylindrical growth.”
Et ce que le Dr. Hagen ajoute: “Of course | am unable to decide if the
Russian translation of the Euglish original is exact ; at least only in one place
(genitals of female) I find some difficulty in understanding it.”
Je pense qu’avec ce qui précede et les figures suivantes (fig. 8, a, b) on rendra
claire cette partie.
24, Maracanda lineata sp. nov. (Fig. 8).
Caput testaceum, duobus atomis fuscis inter antennas, linea transversa fusce
pone antennas; palporum labialium articulo ultimo externe fusco, nitente; vertice
puncto fusco laterali anteriore et linea transversa parum definita posteriore ; oculis
fuscis ; antennis fuscis, testaceo annulatis.
Prothorax paulo longior quam latior, antice leviter angustatus ; testaceus ;
pilis pallidis ; superne tribus lineis longitudinalibus fuscis notatus. Meso- et
metanotum testacea, similiter trilineata ; mesonoti linea laterali in duas divisa,
metanoti linea laterali lata, Pectus fuscum, testaceo notatum,
( 456 )
Abdomen fusco-cinereum, albido breviter pilosam ; margine postico ultimorum
segmentorum testaceo, furca octavi sterniti (fig. 8) 2 apicem segmenti 9 attingente.
lia. 8.
Maracanda lineata 9 Nav.
a, Extrémité de abdomen.
b, Sternite 8,
Pedes flavidi, flavido pilosi, tibiis tarsisque apice fuscis; femoribus superne
et lateraliter fuscatis.
Alae hyalinae, apice elliptice rotundatae; reticulatione testaceo-pallida; stigmate
late fusco, externe pallido; sectore radii 6 ramis.
Ala anterior area apicali serie venularum gradatarum; area radiali 4 venulis
internis ; disco linea bina fusca longitudinali, anteriore ad procubitum a medio
alae ad rhegma, posteriore ad cubitum, ante ortum rami obliqui ad regionem
rhegmaticam ; stria item fasca obliqua ad venulas gradatas externas.
Ala posterior stria obliqua fusca ad vennlas gradatas externas subobliterata ;
cubito ad originem rami oblique ad rhegma fusco, sed haud limbato,
Long. corp.: 17 mm,
sy) Glaaitns ee LOsDi ss
Je Se ell) a
Hab, Oued Mya Sud, 18 mai, Deux échantillons ?.
25. Maracanda stigmalis sp. nov.
Similis /ineatae Nav.
Caput testacenm; duobus atomis fuscis inter antennas et linea transversa
tenuil pone antennas fuscis ; vertice medio sulcato, puncto transverso laterali et —
linea postica transversa fuscis ; oculis fusco-rufis; antennis fulvis, fusco annulatis ;
articulo ultimo palporam labialium externe fusco ad medium. ;
Thorax testaceus, superne fusco trilineatus, pilis albidis. Prothorax subaeque —
latus ac longus. Pectus fuscum, testaceo abunde maculatum. =
Abdomen fusco-ferrugineum, albido breviter pilosam; ultimis segmentis dorso
et ad latus, lobulis furcae 8 sterniti ? testaceis.
Pedes flavo-testacei, albo pilosi, fusco setosi; tibiis et tarsis apice fuscis,
femoribus superne et lateraliter fusco-ferrugineo notatis.
Alae apice elliptice rotundatae, hyalinae, stigmate late fusco, vix pallido—
externe; reticulatione testaceo-pallida; venis ad insertionem venularum fusco |
striatis ; sectore radii fere 5 ramis.
Ala anterior paucis venulis gradatis in area apicali, fusco limbatis; item —
limbatis venulis gradatis externis in striam obliquam, et axillis furcularum margi-
nalinm, aliquot venulis in ipsa insertione ad procubitum et cubitum ; area radia
4 vennulis internis. =
( 457 )
Ala posterior area radiali 2 venulis internis; aliquot venulis gradatis externis
et axiHis furcularum marginalium angustissime fusco limbatis.
Long. corp. : 18 mm.
Palvantes el Sto) 5,
op 1eeic # Aleka)
Hab. Nord de El-Golea, 18 mai. Trois échantillons.
Malgré la grande ressemblance de cette esptce avec la précédente, je ne puis
nullement Videntifier avec elle. Outre la diversité frappante de coloration, surtout
des ailes, je trouve les suivantes différences organiques, entre autres. Le pro-
thorax est moins allongé, les ailes plus courtes, proportionnellement, avec moins
de veinules en gradins au champ apieal et moins de branches au secteur ; le stigme
est plus allongé, ete.
26. Maracanda saharica sp. nov. (Tig. 9.)
Similis stigmali Nay. Minor, fulva, fusco notata.
Caput linea inter antennas, alia pone antennas, medio interrupta, fuscis ; vertice
fornicato, medio longitudinaliter sulcato et fusco lineato, quatuor punctis fuscis,
anterioribus majoribus et magis distantibus ; oculis plumbeis ; antennis testaceis,
fusco annulatis.
Prothorax longior quam latior, antrorsum leviter angustatus ; margine antico
rotundato ; pilis albis; dorso fusco trilineatus, linea laterali ante suleum subinter-
rupta. Meso- et metanotum similiter trilineata, linea laterali lata, in mesonoto
alia tenui interjecta.
Abdomen fuscum, furca octavi tergiti ? fulva, ad apicem noni haud attingente,
ramis valde divergentibus, fere in angulum rectum ; dorso fascia laterali lata et
linea angusta ad connectivum, fulvis.
Pedes testaceo-pallidi, flavido pilosi; femoribus dorso leviter ferrugineo
suffusis ; tarsorum articulis apice fuscis.
Alae hyalinae, apice elliptice rotundatae ; reticulatione subtota testacea, pallida ;
stigmate fusco, elongato.
Maracanda saharica Nay, 9. Bout de Vaile antérieure.
Ala anterior (fig. 9) venis ad insertionem venularum plerumque fusco panctatis ;
area apicali serie 5 venularum gradatarum fuscarum, quarum una fusco limbata;
area radiali 6 venulis ante sectorem ; sectore 6 ramis; stria fusca obliqua ad
venulas gradatas externas manifesta ; alia ad anastomosim exigua; aliquot venulis
procubitalibus ad insertionem rami anterioris cubiti limbatis.
Ala posterior reticulatione testaceo-pallida, venulis ultimis radialibus et gradatis
externis fuscis ; area apicali una alterave venula gradata pallida ; area radiali 3
( 458 )
venulis ante sectorem; sectore 5 ramis; stria anteapicali fusca tenui ad venulas
gradatas externas ; aliquot axillis furcularum marginalium levissime fuscatis.
3 ?
Long. corp. : 16 mm. 14. mm.
sy alata selon WHS) ge
» 9, post.: 16 ,, lb,
Hab. Oued Mya Sud, 1-5 mai. Un couple.
Je crois quwil ne sera pas inutile de donner ici le tableau dichotomique des
especes connues du genre Maracanda MacLachl., afin de les mieux connaitre et
de les rapporter entre elles.
1. Espéce de l’Asie et de ?Europe méridionale ; couleur générale jaune pale ;
ailes avec quelques atomes bruns, mais sans strie oblique antéapicale ; enverg.
30-40 mm. : , : 1. amoena ML.
Hspéces parce : ov Gte penal ian ou ieee antennes testacées,
annelées de bran ; ailes avec quelques atomes bruns et une strie oblique antéapicale
plus oe moins ienteste 4 ¢
. Aile antérieure avec dene bioree ioueyceuales aes parallels tres
eee l'antérieure & la partie externe du procubitus, la postérieure plus longue,
le long du ramean antérieur du cubitus ; un vestige de strie cubitale 4 Vaile
postérieure : : : ; . 2. lineata Navy.
——- Ailes sans ces fetiied loupitactinnateg ; ; - 3.
3. Plus grande, plus obscure ; abdomen presqne en Bitibe peak ehaae radial
de Vaile postérieure avec 2 veinules internes : ¢ 2 3. abkemnislin Nav.
Plus petite, plus pale; abdomen avee une bande latérale et une ligne
fine fauves de chaque coté & la partie supérieure ; 3 veinules internes au champ
radial de Vaile postérieure. . 4 A : ‘ : 3 4. saharica Nay
ON OVIS LERVIA PALLAS AND ITS SUBSPECIES.
By tur Hon. W. ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.
(See anted, p. 36.)3
Wuen I first examined the ¢ Barbary Sheep obtained by Mr. Hartert in the
Oued Mya on May 2, 1912, I was only able to compare it with a specimen
that died at Tring. I was even then much struck by the pale sandy colour
and absence of the median face-line; but on comparing it at the British Museum
with an Aurés Mountain ram, presented by Sir Edmond Loder, I was very doubtful,
and waited to see more specimens. Meanwhile I had a fine ¢ specimen, obtained
in the Aurés Mountains, mounted in exactly the same position as the Oued Mya ¢.
On comparing them a vast difference was at once apparent: while in the Oued Mya
one the colour was pale sandy rufous, without a trace of a dark face-stripe, with
a white patch below and somewhat behind the ears, and the horns were bent down
and backward, hardly rising at all above the skull, in the Aurés specimen the colour
is deep rafous grey with a distinct face-stripe, and the horns rise considerably
above the head before curving backwards, and the downward curve is slighter.
I saw at once that I must inspect more specimens. I ascertained that there were
a number of Eeyptian specimens in the possession of two sportsmen and in Messrs,
Rowland Ward’s hands, I first of all examined a 2 head from the mountains east
of the Nile which Messrs. Rowland Ward were mounting, and then the fine
3 belonging to Mr. Gilbert Blaine from between the Dongola Province and
Kordofan. I then inspected Mr, G. C. Whitaker’s fine ¢ from the Red Sea Province,
and lastly some dried skins of specimens from the Dongola region.
~The Dongola-Kordofan race is again very distinct ; having low bent horns like
the Oued Mya form, but the colour is brownish grey on the ueck and body, while
the head and face is darker grey owing to an admixture of black hair; the beard is
so strongly mixed with dark hairs that it appears almost black.
The Red Sea form is similar in most respects to the Oued Mya form, but
is deeper rufous in colour and lacks the sub-auricular light patches.
It now remains to cousider the nomenclature of these four forms, and we are
faced with a difficulty in the case of Pallas’s /ervia, for it was not always known
where his specimens came from; but there can be no such doubt in regard to
tragelaphus Cuvier, which came from Mauretania, and ornatus T. Geotfroy, the type
of which was shot “ outside the gates of Cairo.” However, as Pallas founded his
lervia on Shaw’s Fishtall or Lerwee, and this was procured in Algeria, it is quite
clear that both dervia and tragelaphus refer to the North Mauretanian race. The
Red Sea race is undoubtedly the one which in Geoffroy’s days reached to Cairo, and
therefore must stand as ornatus, while the Central Saharan and Dongola-Kordofan
races must get names. I describe them as follows :
Ovis lervia sahariensis subsp. nov.
3 ad. Horns strongly depressed, turning sharply down before bending back-
wards. Uniform pale rafous sand-colour all over; a whitish patch below and
somewhat behind the ear, no trace of a median facial stripe,
( 460 )
Hab, West Central Sahara,
Type: ¢ ad. Oued Mya, May 2, 1912 (Ernst Hartert and Carl Hilgert coll.).
Ovis lervia blainei subsp. nov.
3 ad. Horns strongly depressed, turning sharply downwards, but not bent
backwards so much as in the other three races,
Neck aud body uniformly brownish grey, less rufous than in any of the other
races. Sides of head, face, and mask much darker owing to admixture of blackish
hairs ; beard on rami of lower jaw almost black.
Hab, Dongola Province ; Kordofan.
Type: ¢ ad., Border of Dongola Province and Kordofan (Gilbert Blaine coll.).
I here append a short key of the four races :
(Herne strongly depressed, no face-stripe. 2.
1) Horns hardly or not at all depressed, an indistinct median face-stripe. Ovis
i lervia lervia,
5 foe sandy rufous. 3.
“\Pelage brownish grey, beard blackish, Ovis lervia blaine?.
jPelage warm sandy rufous, no white sub-auricular patch. Ovis lervia ornata,
\Pelage pale sandy rufous, a white sub-auricular patch. Ovis lervia sahariensis.
XII.
ON DIPTERA COLLECTED IN THE WESTERN SAHARA BY DR. ERNST
HARTERT, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. ;
By ERNEST E. AUSTEN,
Parr I. BOMBYLIIDAE.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
Tue collection of Diptera formed by Dr. Brust Hartert during his recent expedition
to the Algerian Sahara, although not extensive, includes, as is but natural, a number
of species of interest. Owing to official duties, the author has found it impossible
in the following pages to do more than give an account of the Bombyliidae, but a
second instalment of this paper, dealing with the remainder of the collection, will be
published as soon as possible. In the present contribution, for the sake of greater
completeness, notes on certain specimens taken in Algeria in 1908 by the Hon.
L. W. Rothschild, and presented by him to the National Collection, have also been
included. With the exception of species distinguished by an asterisk (*), deter-
minations of previously described species have been supplied or verified by
Herr Th. Becker, of Liegnitz, who has made a special study of Algerian Diptera,
and to whom the author desires to express sincere thanks for his great kindness.
It only remains to add that Dr, Hartert’s collection of Diptera, including the
types of new species, has most generonsly been presented to the British Museum
(Natural History). g
LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LS
( 461 )
ANTHRACINAE.
Genus EXOPROSOPA Macq.
Exoprosopa beckeri sp. nov.
?. Length (8 specimens) 14 to 18°5 mm.; width of head 4 to 5:2 mm.; width
of front at vertex 1 to 1-4 mm.; length of wing 16 to 21:5 mm.
Large, sand-coloured species, with pale, parti-coloured wings, tips and hind
borders of which are mithy ; head and body clothed exclusively with yellowish cream-
coloured hairs and scales, bristles on post-alar calli and hind border of scutellum also
yellowish ; antennal style elongate, often as long or almost as long as third joint of
antennae ; wings with all posterior marginal cells open, and submarginal transverse
vein (recurrent vein) sinuate, not at right angles to second longitudinal vein.
Head : Ground-colour ochraceous-rufous, lower portion of sides of face yellowish
horn-colonred, a spot or blotch on vertex, also jowls and basi-occipital region, and
sunken portion of occiput slate-coloured or blackish slate-coloured ; face only bluntly
conical below, not especially prominent ; horizontal portion of proboscis, from origin
of palpi to tip, 4 to 475 mm. in length ; palpi dark brown on outer surface, and
clothed with yellowish hair; first and second joints of antennae ochraceous-rufous,
third joint clove-brown or black.
Thorax : Ground-colour of main portion clove-brown or blackish slate, that of
sentellum and post-alar calli cinnamon-rufous or chestnut, an ill-defined roughly
triangular area on hind border of main portion of dorsum likewise reddish in some
Specimens, extreme base of scutellum occasionally blackish slate-coloured ; hair
on collar and upper part of pleurae Jong and dense, ground-colour of dorsum in
undenuded specimens entirely concealed by hair and scales.
Abdomen: Ground-colour (which in undenuded specimens is completely con-
cealed in same way as that of dorsum of thorax) sometimes same as that of
scutellum, except that tergites of first three or four sezments each have a median,
transverse, blackish slate-colonred blotch at base; in other cases ground-colour of
dorsum is mainly blackish slate, but the hind borders of the second to the sixth
tergites inclisive, as well as the lateral extremities of the second and third, or
second, third, and fourth tergites are cinnamon-rafons, while the hind border of the
last tergite is ochraceous-bnff, and the venter is cinnamon-rufons, with a greyish
clove-brown transverse band, more or less widely interrupted in the middle line, at:
the base of each ventral scute, commencing with the second; in yet other specimens
gronnd-colonr is clove-brown or blackish slate, but posterior angles of second and
third tergites, hind borders of third and following tergites, and those of all ventral
scutes are ochraceous-buff or buff.
Wings : Anterior two-thirds, from base of wing to end of first longitudinal
vein, buff or cream-buff (proximal third or two-thirds of marginal cell, proximal
two-thirds or three-fourths of second basal cell, and proximal half of anal cell paler);
this coloured area bounded distally by an irregular, lighter or darker, mammy-
brown or sepia-coloured oblique band, starting from anal cell just beyond middle
(or from axillary cell close to median portion of sixth longitudinal vein), filling
more or less completely bases of third and fourth posterior cells (usually occupying
a larger portion of fourth than of third posterior cell), occupying proximal half or
rather more than proximal half of discal cell, forming a border along posterior side
of third longitudinal vein from just beyond junction of anterior transverse vein to
( 462 )
distal extremity of discal cell, thence curving across first posterior cell a little
beyond its middle and passing into an irregular blotch suffusing submarginal trans-
verse vein and junction of latter with second longitudinal vein, and terminating at
distal extremity of first longitudinal vein, but leaving extreme tip of marginal cell,
as also that of interior submarginal cell, unoccupied. The degree uf development of
the oblique band just described varies in different individuals ; sometimes the band
is well developed, fairly dark, and so broad as greatly to restrict the extent of
the buff-coloured area in the proximal portion of the wing; in other instances the
central portion of the band is so faint as to be scarcely distinguishable, so that the
band is divided into two blotches, one extending from anal cell to base of third
posterior cell, the other suffusing the junction of the submarginal transverse vein
with the second longitudinal ; in all cases the milky hind border makes a deep
indentation into the distal portion of the discal cell: first costal cell occasionally
mummy-brown, Sguamae isabella-coloured, fringes whitish.
Halteres : Stalks buff or cream-buff, knobs cream-coloured, sometimes darker
at base.
Legs: Front femora clove-brown, extreme tips cinnamon-rafous, middle and
hind femora cinnamon-rufous, lower portion of their anterior surfaces clove-brown,
middle and hind femora sometimes mainly clove-brown, all femora, as also tibiae
and tarsi, clothed above with whitish scales, bristles on femora, tibiae, and tarsi
black ; tibiae and tarsi cinnamon-rufous, front tibiae sometimes more or less clove-
brown, at least on inside, middle and hind tibiae long and slender.
Aucertan Sawara: type and three para-types from Hl Meksa, south of
El Goléa, 2. iv. 1912; two specimens from the southern portion of the Oued Mya,
5. v. 1912 ; two from El Goléa, 10-13. v. 1912.
The author has much pleasure in naming this fine species in honour of Herr
Th. Becker, in grateful recognition of the generous assistance afforded by him in the
working out of Dr. Hartert’s collection.
In coloration and general appearance Exoprosopa beckeri presents a distinet
resemblance to Z. albida Walk. (? = L. bagdadensis Macq.), the type of which is
stated by Walker to be from the “ Hast Indies,” and to Z. olivierti Macq., of which
the typical example was obtained in Arabia. In neither of these species, however,
are the distal extremity and hind border of the wing distinctly milky, as is the case
in L. becheri, while the latter is farther distinguished, inter alia, by its first posterior
cell being open instead of closed, and by the elongation of its middle and hind
tibiae.
Exoprosopa arenacea Becker.
(Zeitschr. f. syst. Hym. u. Dipt., Bd. vi. p. 151 (1906).)
Three ? 2? from El Meksa, south of El Goléa, Algerian Sahara, 2. iv. 1912.
According to the original description the wings in this species are “ violet-
grey,” and “harmonise very well with the colour of the sand.” The wings in
Dr. Hartert’s specimens, however, are dark brown, except the tips, hind borders,
and an extension from the latter into the distal portion of the discal cell, all of
which are either milky-white (two specimens) or light drab-grey (one specimen) :
the dark colour is sharply differentiated from the pale portion of the wings, and
there is no trace of the supernumerary transverse veins mentioned in Becker's
description. It will be seen, then, that from the description of the wings alone
it would be impossible to recognise Dr. Hartert’s specimens as belonging to
( 463 )
Le. arenacea Becker. Other noteworthy differences, however, exist. Thus Becker
describes the first two joints of the antennae as “ yellowish-brown,” while he states
that the last two abdominal tergites are “ entirely yellow’’; in the specimens before
the writer the first two joints of the antennae are clove-brown or black, at any rate
above, and the abdominal tergites in question, except their hind borders, are of the
same colour.
It may be added that the typical specimen (a ?) of 2. arenacea Becker, which
is in the Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, in Brussels, was obtained
at Tilhs de Mela, in the Sahara, on 1. iv. 1893, by Professor Lameere.
Genus MOLYBDAMOEBA Sack.
Molybdamoeba trinotata Duf.
(Ann. Soe, Ent. France, 2 Série, T. x. p. 7, Pl. 1. i. fig. 9 (1852) (Anthraz).)
One ? from the southern portion of the Oued Mya, Algerian Sahara, 4. v. 1912.
This specimen does not altogether agree either with Dufour’s figure, or with
his extremely brief description : the type of the species was taken in the vicinity of
Madrid.
Genus CYTHEREA Fabr.
* Cytherea argyrocephala Macq.
(Mém. Soc. royale des Se., de V Agric. et des Arts de Lille, 1840, p. 333 (Anthrax) ; Dipt, Exot., ii,
1, p. 55, Pl. 20. fig. 9 (1840) (Anthraz).)
One ¢ from Hammam R’Irha, Algeria, May 1908 (Hon. L. W. Rothschild).
The type of C. argyrocephala Macq. was obtained in Algeria, and the British
Museum possesses a 2 of this species from Constantine, 7. v. 1895 (Rey. A. EB. Eaton),
in which there are three submarginal cells in the right wing. The left wing of this
specimen is, however, perfectly normal, and does not exhibit even a trace of a
supernumerary transverse vein in the first submarginal cell.
Under the name Mulio argyrocephalus Macq., Becker (Zeitschr. f. syst. Hym.
u. Dipt., iti. Jahrg., p. 91 (1903) ) records the oceurrence of this species in Egypt.
BOMBYLITNAE.
Genus GERON Meig.
* Geron hybridus Meig.
(Klassif., i, p. 186 (1804) (Bombylius).)
One ? from the southern portion of the Oued Mya, Algerian Sahara, 4. v. 1912.
Genus USIA Latr.
Usia florea abr.
(Ent. Syst., T, iv. p. 412 (1794) (Voluccella).)
Four dd and one ? from Hammam R’Irha, North Algeria, May 1911 (Hon.
L. W. Rothschild and Dr. E. J. O. Hartert).
The Museum previously possessed specimens of this species from the same
locality, as well as others from Algiers, taken in both cases in May 1908
(Hon, L. W. Rothschild).
( 464 ) ‘
Genus CONOPHORUS Meig.
Conophorus bellus Beck.
(Zeitschr. f. syst. Lym. u. Dipt., Ba, vi. p. 112 (1906) (Ploas bella).)
One ¢ from Biskra, South Algeria (Hon. L. W. Rothschild and Dr, E. J. O.
Hartert).
The type of this species was obtained at Tunis.
Genus ANASTOECHUS 0. Sack.
Anastoechus retrogradus Beck.
(Mitteil. Zool. Mus. Berlin, ii. Ba., 2, Heft, p. 17 (1902) (Systvechus).)
One 2 from the southern portion of the Oued Mya, Algerian Sahara, 4. v. 1912.
The typical specimens of A. retrogradus were taken at Alexandria, Egypt, at
the beginning of May, and Bezzi (Brotéria, Se. Zool., vol. viii. fase. 2, p. 50,
tab. ix. fig. 37 (1909)), who has published a photographic illustration of the species,
also records its occurrence at Sidi-Gaber, near Alexandria. Becker (loc. cit.)
mentions the capture of a @ at Berriane, Southern Algeria (Sahara), on May 28
(Prof, Lameere), and the British Musenm (Natural History) possesses a d and
trom Biskra, Algeria, 13. iv. 1895, “visiting Limoniastrum guyonianum, Coss. and
Dur.” (Rey. A. E. Eaton). A second ? in the National Collection, from Fontaine
Chande, §. Algeria, 16.v.1894 (Rey. A. E. Eaton), either represents a variety of
A. retrogradus Beck., or, as is perhaps more probable, belongs to a new but closely
allied species. It is distinguished from the typical form of A. retrogradus by its
much greater size, measuring 14:5 instead of 11 or 12 mm. in length ; by the first
joint of the antennae being pale cinnamon-rafous, instead of black or blackish; by
the third joint of the antennae being different in shape (suddenly contracted and
less tapering) as seen when the head is viewed in profile; and by the greater
development of coarse, ochre-yellow or brown-tipped hairs on the front, and of
transverse bands of ochraceous hairs on the abdomen.
Anastoechus retrogradus Beck. is allied to A. (Bombylius) miscens Walk,
(Entomologist, vol. v. p. 271 (1871)), the type of which was obtained at Arkeko,
near Massowah, Britraa. In A. méscens, however, the abdominal bristles are
entirely black, the base of the anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein is not
rectangular and is deyoid of all trace of a recurrent appendix, and the transverse
veins are not suffused with brown.
Anastoechus hyrcanus (Pall.) Wied.
(Zoologisches Magazin, Ba. i, Stiick ii, p. 22 (1818) (Bombylius).)
One ¢ from Biskra (Hon. L. W. Rothschild and Dr, E. J. O. Hartert).
Genus BOMBYLIUS Linn.
Bombylius punctatus labr.
(Ent. Syst. T. iv. p. 408 (1794).)
One excellently preserved 3 of this splendid species from Hammam R’Irha,
North Algeria, May 1911 (Hon. L. W. Rothschild and Dr, E. J. O. Hartert).
The National Collection previously possessed specimens of B. punctatus from
( 465 )
Constantine, 12, 15. v. 1895, and Lac des Oiseaux, 15. vi, 1896, in North Algeria
(Rey. A. E. Eaton); from Kambos, Mt. l'aygetos, Southern Greece, July, 1901
(Holtz); Corfu, 31. v. 1901 (Rev. F. D. Morice); Odessa, South Russia, 1843
(Dr. Dowler); Galilee, Palestine (B. T. Lowne, F.R.C.S., F.L.S.); and Jericho,
Palestine, 13. iv. 1909 (Rey. I’. D. Morice).
Becker (Zeitschr. f. syst. Hym. u. Dipt., Bd. vi. p. 97 (1906)) records the
capture of an example of this species near Tunis, in the month of May.
Bombylius fimbriatus Meig.
(Syst. Beschr. ii. p. 191 (1820).)
One ¢ from Hammam R’Irha, North Algeria, May 1911 (Hon, L. W. Roths-
child and Dr. E. J. O, Hartert).
Bombylius senex Meig.
(Syst. Beschr., ti. p. 216 (1820).)
Two ?2 from the Oued Nea, between Guerrara and Ghardaia, Southern
Algeria, 3-5. vi. 1912.
(Lo be continued.)
XIII.
ORDER RHYNCHOTA.—HOMOPTERA.
By W. L. DISTANT.
Fammry CICADIDAE.
1. Melampsalta cantans.
Tettigona cantans Fabr., Ent. Syst. iv. p. 20. 13 (1794).
North Algeria ; Hammam R’hira (May 1911, Rothsch. and Hart.).
2. Pauropsalta aestuans.
Tettigonia aestuans Fabr., Ent, Syst. iv, p. 20. 14 (1794).
North Algeria; Hammam R’hira (May 1911, Rothsch. and Hart.).
Famiry FULGORIDAE.
Subfam. DicryopHarinar,
3. Dictyophara harterti sp. n.
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; lateral margins of vertex above and a central
longitudinal carination between eyes, lateral margins and carinations to pronotum,
and carinations to mesonotum, virescent ; abdomen above greenish ochraceous ;
vertex beneath ochraceous, the lateral margins and a central carination yirescent ;
30
( 466 )
face ochraceous, lateral margins and clypeus virescent ; body beneath virescent ; legs
ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, apices of the first palely infuscate ; head
long, porreet, slightly but distinctly curved downward, considerably longer than the
mesonotum and seutellum together, deeply excavate above, the lateral margins
strongly ridged, the apex rounded and a little narrowed ; pro- and mesonota with
three éentral, longitudinal carinations ; tegmina longer then the head, pronotum and
scutellum together, the apical third transversely veined ; posterior tibiae with four
spines.
Length (including tegmen): 12 mm,
South Algeria ; S. of Ghardaia (May 1912).
Apparently allied to 2). ogadensis Melich. from Somaliland, but differs in
having the head, pronotum and seutellum together shorter than the tegmina ; from
D. pannonica Creutz it is distinct by the structure of the head and different
coloration.
Subfam. Issryan,
4. Falcidius apterus.
Cercopis aptera Fabr., Ent. Syst. iv. p. 54 (1794).
North Algeria (Rothsch. and Hart. 1912).
Subfam. Farias.
‘5, Rhinophantia longiceps.
Phantia longiceps Put., Rev. d’Ent. 1888. p. 367.
Sands of El Arich, S.W, of Touggourt (June 1912); Oued Neca (Ghardaia to
Guerrara, June 1912).
Fammy CERCOPIDAE.
6. Triecphora numida.
Cercopis numida Guér., Iconogr. Regne Anim, p. 369 (1829-1838),
Les Glaciéres de Blida (June 1908, Rothsch. and Jord.).
Famity JASSIDAE.
7. Hecalus dubius.
Hecalus dubins Melich., Verh. z.-b, Ges. Wien liv. p, 36, no, 36 (1904),
N. of El-Golea, Algerian Sahara.
I submitted this species to Dr. Melichar, who kindly identified it as his
Hecalus dubius, described from Southern Abyssinia.
8. Eupelix producta.
Eupeli« producta Germ,, Faun, Eur, 20, 24 (1817),
Algeria (May 1912).
9. Athysanus sp.
Apparently near A. taeniaticeps Kbm., perhaps a variety of same?
Sands of El Arich, 8.W. of Touggourt (June 1912).
( 467 )
10, Athysanus othello sp. n.
Head and pronotum ochraceous, a series of minute black spots both on the
anterior and posterior margins of head, eyes black ; seutellum ochraceous with a small
black spot at each basal angle and an angulated transverse black line on disk ; face
black with some scattered small ochraceous spots ; cheeks and clypeus ochraceons, the
former with an inner marginal row of small dark spots and the latter more or less
suffused with piceous ; sternum black ; abdomen beneath ochraceous, the lateral
margins more or less black ; legs ochraceous, femora annulated with black, apices
of tibie black, tarsi spotted with black ; tegmina ochraceous, sparingly and
irregularly spotted with black, the spots small, the most prominent being on each
side of the claval suture (at apex and behind middle), and a few on the costal margin ;
head short, rounded, about three times as broad as long; pronotum finely trans-
versely striate ; scutellum moderately obliquely depressed at basal area.
Length : 5 mm.
Oued Nea (Ghardaia to Guerrara), June 1912.
11. Deltocephalus melichari sp. n.
Head very pale stramineous, a small fuscous spot on each side of apex and
two somewhat large transverse brown spots just in front of eyes which are very pale
violaceous ; pronotum, scutellum,'and tegmina stramineous ; pronotum with four
transverse brownish spots, two on anterior margin below inner margins of eyes, and
two on disk, and a short transverse black line beneath the eyes; scutellam with
three brownish spots on anterior margin and one before apex, all transverse ;
tegmina with the apical area subhyaline, the transverse veins, the apical margin,
and a subapical spot, fuscous-brown ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, face
paler ; head longer than broad between eyes, centrally moderately longitudinally
depressed, the apex subacutely rounded; eyes large, obliquely directed backward,
longer than broad; pronotum about as long as head, and twice as broad at base
as long.
Length: 5 mm.
E]-Meksa, south of El-Golea.
( 468 )
XIV.
ODONATA.
Von Dr. F. RIS in Ruerau, Scuwetz.
1. Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis Vanderl.
1 3, Hammam Phira, 31. v. 1911 (W. Rothsch. and KH. Hartert).
2. Ischnura Graellsi Ramb.
1 3g, See Fedzara, 21. v. 1909; 1d, 2 3 2, El-Golea, 16. v. 1912.
Das 3 von El-Golea zeigt einen sehr feinen weisslichen Saum am hintern Rand
des Prothorax, eine Higenschaft, die sonst nicht Z. Graellst sondern der nahe ver-
wandten J. Genei zukommt. Die Appendices dieses Exemplars sind stark
gequetscht; doch glaube ich an den App. sup. bestimmt die Graellsi-Form zu
erkennen.
3. Agrion Lindeni Selys.
1 3, See Fedzara, 21. v. 1909 (W. Rothsch. and EH. Hartert).
4. Mesogomphus Hageni Selys.
1 6, Biskra, 24. ii—16. iii.
Das unausgefiirbte Exemplar stimmt in den Strukturmerkmalen mit vor-
liegenden d von Abessinien und Siidafrika iiberein.
5. Hemianax ephippiger Burm.
3 % 9%, Hassi el Hadjar, 15. iii. 1912.
6. Orthetrum anceps Schneid.
1 ?, Hammam Rhira, 25. v. 1911 (W. Rothsch. and BE. Hartert).
7. Orthetrum chrysostigma Burm.
1 dg, El-Golea, 26. iii. 1912.
8. Trithemis annulata Pal. de Beauv.
336, 1 2, In-Salah, Tidikelt, 15, 20. iv. 1912.
{ Hiiufig in den Oasengiirten.—E.H. |
9. Selysiothemis nigra Vanderl.
1 3, El-Golea, 16. v, 1912.
Wiihrend die Arten unter 1-8 lange bekannte Vertreter der algerischen Fauna
sind, bedeutet S. nigra einen ausserordentlich interessanten Zuwachs zu unserer
Kenntnis dieser Fauna. Die Art wurde 1825 von Vander Linden beschrieben nach
einem bei Terracina in Mittelitalien gefangenen adulten ¢; das Exemplar ist in der
Sammlung Selys Longchamps (jetzt im Museum in Briissel) noch vorhanden. Hin
zweites d, unausgefiirbt und damit von ziemlich verschiedenem Aussehen, erhielt
de Selys aus Catalonien von Cuni y Martorel und beschrieb es 1878 als Urothemis
advena. 1897 beschrieb der Verfasser aus dem Hamburger Museum eine Serie 3 ?
von Maralbachi in Chinesisch Turkestan und errichtete fiir die Art die Gattung
Selysiothemis. 1912 endlich erwiihnt sie A. Bartenef von Afghanistan, Persien, dem
( 469 )
Amu Darja, Transkaspien und der Provinz Elisabetpol. Das sehr eigentiimliche
Colorit beider Geschlechter liisst sich vortrefflich mit ihrer Existenz in Sand- und
Wiistengebieten vereinbaren. Der neue Fund der Art im Siiden von Algerien lisst
erwarten, dass ihre Existenz in Italien und Catalonien doch nicht von der éstlichen
Hauptverbreitung so véllig isoliert ist, wie es zunichst den Anschein hat. Es
bleibt zu bedenken, dass im ganzen Mittelmeergebiet gerade solche Gegenden, wie
sie dieser Art zuzusagen scheinen, doch noch sehr unyollstindig auf Libellen
durchforscht sind.
Die systematische Stellung von Selyséothemis liegt weit ab von den palae-
arktischen Libellulinengattungen, Die niichsten Verwandten sind zweifellos die zwei
Arten der Gattung Macrodiplax Brau., cora Brau. mit einer enorm weiten insuliiren
und Kiistenverbreitung am pacifischen und indischen Ocean, dalteata Hag. mit einem
sehr engen Kiistenareal am Golf von Mexico, beide mit Verdacht auf Entwick-
lung in Brackwasser oder Salzwasser. Moglicherweise ist ein solcher Verdacht
auch fiir 8. nigra gerechtfertigt.
[Das Exemplar wurde am Rande des ganz rezenten, von dem Ueberfluss der
artesischen Brunnen entstandenen Siisswassersees gefangen, doch befinden sich in
der Nihe auch Brackwasserlachen, die im Sommer verdunsten.—E.H. |
CORRECTIONS TO No. VIL (LEPIDOPTERA).
By toe Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pu.D.
Ocneria uniformis mihi = Cazama inotata Walk.
Bryophila incerta mihi belongs to the genus Jambiodes Hmpsn., and must
stand as lambiodes incerta (Rothsch.).
Eublemma sabulosa mihi belongs to the Acronychid genus Mudaria Moore,
and must stand as Mudaria sabulosa (Rothsch.).
The Anumeta called A. henkei (No. 77, p. 129) is a new subspecies, and is
described below.
Lymire lactealis (No. 130) 3 and [nosima albicantalis (No. 134) 3 are 3 and ¢
of one species, and must stand as Lymire lactealis Rothsch. The ? mentioned under
L. lactealis is a new species, and will be described later.
Anerastia majorella mihi = Anerastia ablutella Zell.
Constantia longidentalis mihi = Cladeobia chellalalis Hmpsn.
Constantia aridalis mihi belongs to the genus Aefenia, and must stand as
Aetenia aridalis (Rothsch.).
Constantia dilutalis mihi is a Phycid of the genus Tephris, and must stand as
Tephris dilutalis (Rothsch.).
Anumeta henkei harterti subsp. nov.
3. Differs from henkei henkei by its sandy yellow not grey ground-colour and
the sharper transverse lines in the forewings, in the almost complete absence of grey
markings on the hindwings, and in the submarginal black line of the latter being
almost obsolescent.
Type d. S. of El-Golea, 12. v. 1912.
( 470 )
SOME UNFIGURED SYNTOMIDAE.
By tHe Hon. W. ROTHSCHILD, Pu.D., F.R.S.
PLATE XIII.
Cosmosoma rosenbergi Rothsch. Ann. Mag. vol. 5 (8). p. 508
” Jlavothorax ,, la yo ” p. 507
i intensa » . : ” sik ” ”
55 crathidinum ,, - Noy. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 34
ad watsont % Ann. Mag, vol. 5 (8). p. 508
buchwaldi i - - S 9 5 p. 509
b citrinum - Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 34
5 pulchrum Rothsch. nom. nov.
for C. rosenbergi = - No. 49 aie 3 p-. 35
Cosmosoma parambae Rothsch. ; ie tes » ”
a chiriquensis ,, - - . Ann. Mag. vol. 5 (8). p. 508
klagest " : i p- 509
Phaio unimacula fr - - Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p. 39
Calonotos antennata is ” ” % ”
Cosmosoma teuthras lignicolor Rathedh” 3 Fr »
ys. ARs ss Jlavicostale ,, : 5 Sta tess as p-. 33
» 43. A steinbachi PP - TS 53 os ”
” 44, ” simillimum ” ’ . ” ” ” ”
» 40. . metallicum ,, Pub ae a sp ” ”
ant: mn ichneumonoides Rothsch. . 4, Ep » p- 34
mes rs stuarti 2 Rothsch, += - sae ass ” ”
” 48. ” ” 3 ” ‘ S ” ” ” 33
ashes “0 venatum ” 2 % ” ” ” ”
” 50. ” dubium ” . . ” ” ” ”
RL le 96 analicincta ,, = ee Ann. Mag. vol. 5 (8). p. 509
» 02 hs ochendeni “5 » ”
: : ee
» D8. ” plagiata ” 2 5 pe) ” p. 510
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Vou. XX.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE
EDITED BY
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
ee
pei oS
CONTENTS OF NO. III.
PAGES
‘4. LIST OF THE COLLECTIONS OF BIRDS
MADE BY ALBERT 8S. MEEK IN THE
LOWER RANGES OF THE SNOW
MOUNTAINS, ON THE EILANDEN
RIVER, AND ON MOUNT GOLIATH
DURING THE YEARS 1910 AND 1911 Walter Rothschild and
Ernst Hartert ~ 4738—527
.
|
9, SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR.
ROBIN KEMP IN TROPICAL AFRICA &. Jordan and
N. Charles Rothschild . 528 —581
3. SOME NEW # £ANTHRIBIDAE FROM ‘ ,
AFRICA : 5 ‘ i ‘ y . K, Jordan . 3 - 582—985,
4. LIST OF MAMMALS OBTAINED BY THE
HON. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST
HARTERT, AND CARL HILGERT IN 3
WESTERN ALGERIA DURING 1913 . Oldfield Thomas. . 586—591
5, DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SYNZOMIDS Walter Rothschild . , 591 es
6. EXPEDITION TO THE CENTRAL WESTERN on a
SAHARA BY ERNST? HARTERT Ne A M
(Continuation) — ie
XV. Ruynconota HErrroprera » @ Horvath . § 4 592—597 ty
XVI. Hymenorrena (Puare XV.) .. FD. Morice — . —. 598-602
XVII. Onrnoprines . 0. =... Tgnacio Bolivar... 603615
WOVITATES ZOOLOGICA.
Vol. XX. OCTOBER 1913. No. 3.
LIST OF THE COLLECTIONS OF BIRDS MADE BY
ALBERT 8S. MEEK IN THE LOWER RANGES OF THE
SNOW MOUNTAINS, ON THE EILANDEN RIVER, AND ON
MOUNT GOLIATH DURING THE YEARS 1910 AND 1911.
By tHe Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Pa.D., ann ERNST
HARTERT, Pu.D. Rg oe, HUET
RE, IGS: reinwardtii, megala < reinwardtii Stresemann, Nov. Zool. xx. p. 307.
Baza reinwardtii stenozona van Oort, Nova Cruinea, ix. Zool. i. p, 56.
23, 22% ad.; Upper Setekwa River, Jaly, September, November 1910.
(Nos. 4377, 4378, 4531, 4982, A. S. Meek Coll.)
We do not find the alleged differences of B. 7. stenozona constant, and cannot
separate the latter from B. s. reinwardtii. We consider the birds from New
Guinea to be inseparable from those from the Southern Moluccas. It is trne
that they point somewhat to the large Fergusson-form, but on the whole they
agree with reinwardtii. The wings of the present specimens measure 294, 299,
303, 307 mm. It is desirable to compare more specimens from Fergusson, in
order to confirm the apparently very distinct form B. s. megala.
139. Henicopernis longicauda (Garn.).
Falco longicaudus Garn,, Voy. Coqu., Zool. i. p. 588. pl. 10 (1828—Dorey).
? ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 14. x. 1910.
“Tris bright lemon-yellow ; feet chalky-white ; bill flesh-colour.”
v 40. Chalcopsittacus scintillatus chloropterus Salvad.
Chaleopsittacus chloropterus Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova ix, p. 15 (1876—Hall Bay, British
New Guinea); cf. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. i. p. 276; Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 65; van Oort,
Nova Guinea ix., Zool, i., p. 73.
? ; Upper Hilanden River, 4.iii.1911. (No. 5477, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris reddish brown ; bill and feet black.”
Dr. van Oort (Nova Guinea ix., Zool. livr. i. p. 73) makes some interesting
remarks, from which it appears that C. s. scintillatus and chloropterus occur in
the same locality. Further researches are desirable to definitely establish the
status of these two forms.
/ 41. Chalcopsittacus scintillatus scintillatus (Temm.).
_ Psittacus scintillatus Temminck, Pl. Col. 569 (1835—Lobo Bay) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 64.
4 3 ad. and jun. ; Setekwa River, June 1910. (Nos. 4222, 4228, 4224, 4232,
A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
3 juv. ; Upper Setekwa River, 7. vii.1910. (No. 4305, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
42. Kos fuscata Blyth.
Eos fuscatus Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal xxvii. p. 279 (1858—Habitat unknown) ; cf, Nov. Zool.
1901. p. 65.
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 12. xi. 1910. (No, 4979.) (Red “ phase.”)
3 3,2 2 ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., October, November 1910. (Nos. 4866,
4916, 4954, 4955, 4956, A. S. Meek Coll.) (All of the red “ phase.”)
73,2 %: Mt. Goliath, Jannary and February 1911, (Nos. 5205, 9240,
5287, 5288, 5289, 5311, 5348, 5312, 5458, A. S. Meek Coll.) (Six red “ phase,”
one intermediate, two yellow “ phase.”)
( 484 )
v 43. Lorius lory erythrothorax Salvad.
Lorius erythrothorax Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova x. p. 32 (1877—Mount Epa in §.E. New
Guinea); ef, Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 66; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 74.
2g ad.,1 fd juv., 1 ? ; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4241, 4250,
4251, 4295, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 3,12 ; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., July, August, October 1910. (Nos. 4555,
4651, 4642, 4833, A. S. Meek Coll.)
44, Trichoglossus haematodus cyanogrammus Wag].
Trichoglossus cyanogrammus Wagler, Mon. Psittac. p. 554 (1835—Habitat in Amboina. Locality
taken from Brisson, Av. iv. p. 364); ef. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 69; van Oort, Nova Guinea
Xe Doe paides
3 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4436, 4472, A. 8.
Meek Coll.)
23, 2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., September and October 1910. (Nos.
4756, 4764, 4765, 4827, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
» 45. Glossopsittacus goldiei (Sharpe).
Trichoglossus goldiei Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvi. pp. 318, 426 (1882—Astrolabe Mountains);
ef. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 71.
26,3 9; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and February 191].
(Nos. 5111, 5218, 5274, 5226, 5391, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
* 46. Charmosynopis multistriata Rothsch.
Charmosynopsis multistriata Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club xxvii. p. 45 (1911—‘ Oetakwa River ”).
3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 2. vii. 1910. (No. 4252, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 12. x. 1910. (No. 4821, A, S. Meek Coll.)
/ 47. Charmosynopis pulchella (Gray).
Charmosyna pulchella Gray, List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 102 (1859—Dorey) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901.
p. 72.
3 2 jun.; Upper Setekwa River 2. vii 1910, (Nos. 4248, 4249, A. S. Meek
Coll.
, 3 ad., 2 2 ad.,1 3 jun.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., July 1910. (Nos. 4664,
4667, 4668, 4671, 4676, A. S. Meek Coll.)
4d ad.,3 2? ad.,1 3 juv., 2 ? juv.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911.
(Nos. 5144, 5207, 5228, 5339, 5888, 5308, 5429, 5408, 5437, 5429, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
’ 48. Charmosyna josephinae (Finsch).
Trichoglossus Josephinae Finsch, Atti Soc. Ital. Se. Nat. xv. p. 427. pl. 7 (1873—Arfak).
Charmosyna josephinae van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 75.
3 juv.; Upper Setekwa River 1. vii. 1910. (No, 4237, A. S. Meek Coll.)
1 dad.,3 2 ad., 3 d jun.; Snow Mountains, 2090 ft., July and October 1910.
(Nos. 4654, 4661, 4662, 4622, 4788, 4789, 4910, A. S. Meek Coll.)
Ad.: “Tris yellowish red; bill red; feet orange yellow.”
( 485 )
* 49. Charmosyna stellae goliathina Rothsch. & Hart.
Charmosyna stellae goliathina Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1911. p. 16 (Mt. Goliath).
43,5 %; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911, (Nos. 4204, 5146, 5211,
5266, 5279, 5284, 53884, 5392, 5426, A. S. Meek Coll.)
2 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 20. viii. 1910. (Nos. 4653, 4659, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
“Tris salmon-red ; bill red ; feet orange-yellow.”
Differs from C. stedlae stellae in both sexes by having the longer upper tail-
coverts dull green instead of red.
v 50. Charmosyna atrata Rothsch.
Charmosyna atrata Rothschild, Bull. B. O. Club vii. p. liv (1898—Mt. Seratchley, British New
Guinea).
3; Mt. Goliath, 5000 ft., 14. 1.1911. (No. 5121, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 juv.; Mt. Goliath 28. 1.1911. (No. 5223, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris salmon-red ; bill red ; feet orange-yellow.”
Both these specimens show more green on the upper tail-coverts than the
three specimens from the mountains of British New Guinea, but the second one is
quite young.
v 51. Neopsittacus muschenbroeki (Schleg.).
Nanodes muschenbroeki Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 34 (1871—Hatam, Arfak).
636%; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5137, 5162, 5202,
52038, 5882, 5395, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
2. Opopsitta (Cylopsittacus auct.) blythi godmani (Og.-Grant).
Cyclopsittacus godmani Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. BO. Club, xxvii. p. 67 (March 1911—Upper
Mimika River).
Cyclopsitta blythi meeli Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 160 (September 1911—
Hilanden River).
36,4 2%; Hilanden River, December 1910. (Nos. 5047, 5056, 5057, 5058,
5059, 5064, 5065, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The feathers of the cheeks and sides of head are a little more stiff and narrow
than in adult O, d/ythi, but not quite as much developed as in edwards?.
53. Solenoglossus aterrimus (Gm.). .
(Microglossus aterrimus auct.).
Psittacus aterrimus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. 1. p. 330 (1788—* Habitat in Nova Hollandia”),
Microglossus aterrimus, Nov, Zool. 1901. p. 77,
2? ; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 12. viii. 1910, (No. 4602, A. S. Meek Coll.)
There appear to be at least three subspecies of this Parrot, viz.—a very large
form from the mainland of New Guinea, an intermediate and blacker race from Cape
York, and a smaller one from the Western Papuan Islands. The nomenclature of
these forms, however, is very complicated, but as we restricted the name of alecto to
the small island-race (ov. Zool. 1901 p. 77), Mr. Mathews’ attempt to fix the type
locality of the name aterrimus as Waigiu (Nov. Zool, xviii. p. 262) is invalid. Our
bird from the Snow Mountains has the wings 352 mm. long, 7.e. only 2 mm.
longer than the smallest recorded ¢ of the big continental race.
( 486 )
54. Dasyptilus pesquetii (Less.).
Psittacus Pesquetii Lesson, Bull, Sciences Nat. xxv. p, 24 (June 1831).
?; Upper Setekwa River, 4. vii. 1910. (No, 4276, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
’ 55. Cacatua triton triton (Temm.).
Psittacus triton Temminck, Coup d'eil gén. 8.1. poss, Néerland. Inde archip. iii. p. 405 (1849—I of
Aidouma). Teste Salvadori, Orn. Pap. i. p. 94.
Cacatua triton triton, Nov. Zool. 1901, p. 78.
3; Upper Setekwa River, 16. xi. 1910. (No. 5003, A. S. Meek Coll.)
Dr. van Oort (Nova Guinea ix., Zool. livr. i. p. 70) calls this bird Cacatua
galerita triton, which is probably more correct, but we cannot at this moment review
this group of Cockatoos.
’ 56. Nasiterna keiensis viridipectus Rothsch.
Nasiterna pygmaea viridipectus Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club xxvii. p. 45 (1911—Upper Setekwa
River).
32%; Upper Setekwa River, 1. viii. 1910, (Nos, 4459, 4460, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown; feet ashy blue ; bill slaty blue.”
3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 14.x. 1910. (No. 4842, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
3; Upper Bilanden River, 7. iii.1911. (No, 5501, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
This bird was described as a subspecies of .V. pygmaea, and unfortunately the
close relationship to NW. keiensis was overlooked, owing to its close resemblance
to the females of WV. pygmaea. However, it is not absolutely identical with
NV. heiensis heiensis, as Mr. Ogilvie-Grant makes it out (in A. F. R. Wollaston’s
Pygmies and Papuas, p. 287), but it differs from the latter by its smaller bill and
slightly shorter wings. Wings of three males 62, and of a ¢ considerably under
60 mm,, as opposed to 63—65 in the males and 61 to 62 in females of NV. heiensis
heiensis.
57. Nasiterna bruijni Salvad.
Nasiterna bruijni Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova vii. pp. 715, 753, 907, pl. 21 (1875—Arfak
Mountains) ; cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 79.
2g ad.,1 ¢ jun, 3 2 ad.; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and
February 1911. (Nos. 5097, 5197, 5253, 5351, 5381, 5432, A. S, Meek Coll.)
‘Tris dark brown, feet and bill ashy blue.”
. 58. Geoffroyus personatus aruensis ((xray).
Psittacus aruensis Gray, P. ZS, 1858. pp. 183, 195 (Aru Islands).
Geoffroyus personatus aruensis, Nov. Zool, 1901. p. 84; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 72.
3 5,1 2%; Upper Setekwa River, July and November was (Nos. 4364, 4973,
4974, 5004, A. S. Meek Coll.)
¥ 59. Geoffroyus simplex (Meyer).
Pionias simplex A. B. Meyer, Verh, zool. bot. Ges. Wien. lxx. p. 39 (1874—Arfak Mountains),
3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 20. viii. 1910. (No. 4638, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris cream; bill entirely black; feet greenish steel-grey.”
( 487 )
This specimen agrees very well with Gould’s figure, though the bluish collar
is slightly more lavender. Neither the figure nor our specimen, however, agrees
entirely with the original description, and they specially show no black on the
rump or brown on the back, though the figure was taken from the type.
’ 60. Eclectus pectoralis pectoralis (P. L. S. Miill.).
Psittacus pectoralis P. L. 8. Miiller, Nutursystem, Suppl. p. 78 (1776—Ex Buffon—rectius Mont-
beillard—New Guinea, and Moluccas).
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 81; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i, p. 71.
2; Lower Setekwa River, 22.xi.1910. (No, 5028, A. S. Meek Coll.)
32; Upper Setekwa River, 13.ix.1910. (Nos. 4535, 4536, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 27. ix. 1910. (No. 4741, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
¥ 61. Aprosmictus callopterus wilhelminae Ogilvie-Grant.
Aprosmictus wilhelminae Ogilvie-Grant, Bull, B.O. Club xxvii, p, 83 (1911—Kaparé, tributary of
the Mimika River).
3d ad., 4 d juv. and ?; Snow Mountains, July—November 1910. (Nos.
4551, 4579, 4586, 4630, 4779, 4886, 4934, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“ Tris orange-yellow ; feet smoky black ; bill black.”
Tn this series the pink tips to the middle rectrices are only to be found in the
females and immature males, while there is no sign of them in the adult males and
in one of the females.
The specimen from the Resi Mountains mentioned by Dr. van Oort (Nova
Guinea ix, Zool. livr. i. p. 72) as probably belonging to A. callopterus belongs
most likely to this form.
, 62. Psittacella brehmii brehmii (Schleg.).
Paittacus brehmii Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk, iv. p. 35 (1871—Arfak Mountains).
5 3,4 2; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5163, 5230, 5249,
5296, 5301, 5302, 5368, 5386, 5427, A. S. Meek Coll.)
In these specimens the head is darker and the pale dorsal bars more yellowish
than in the majority of our Arfak specimens, but as the latter are mostly old native-
collected material it would be unwise to attach too much importance to this
difference. The Mt. Goliath birds are certainly very different from P. 6. pallida.
63. Psittacella modesta (Schleg.).
Psittacus modestus Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 36 (1871—Arfak Mountains).
Of this species, hitherto only known from the Arfak Mountains, we have now
received the following specimens :
26,3 % ad.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5236, 5237
5303, 5347,5417, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“ Iris in both sexes yellowish red ; bill and feet pale slaty blue.”
In the males the hindneck has the feathers dull orange-yellow edged with
brown, while in . madaraszi the orange-yellow is lighter, more conspicuous, and
more spot-like. One of our females has some red feathers in the crown.
?
( 488 )
» 64. Loriculus aurantiifrons batavorum Stres.
Loriculus aurantiifrons batavorum Stresemann, Journ. f. Orn. October 1913 (New Guinea. Type
3 Snow Mts.). ;
?; Upper Setekwa River, 16. xi.1910. (No. 5006, A. S. Meek Coll.)
$2; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., 28. vili., 19.x.1910. (Nos. 4655, 4855,
A. S. Meek Coll.) /
* 65, Alcyone azurea lessonii Cass.
Aleyone Lessonii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Philad. v. p. 69 (1850—Ex Lesson, New Guinea) ; cf. Nov.
Zool. 1901. p. 143. :
3 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 5. vii.1910. (No. 4286, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill black with white tip; feet flesh-colour.”
This young bird is in plumage like the adult ones, only duller and paler,
. 66. Ceyx solitaria Temm.
Ceya solituria Temminck, Pl. Col. 595, Fig. 2 (1836—New Guinea): van Oort, Nova Guinea
ix. i. p. 77.
23,2 2 ad, 1 2 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4281, 4384,
4393, 4404, 4422, A. 8S. Meek Coll.) »
?; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 31. vii. 1910. (No. 4556, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
3; Upper Hilanden River, 9.iii. 1911. (No. 5510, A. S. Meek Coll.)
* 67. (?) Syma torotoro meeki Rothsch. & Hartert.
Syma torotoro meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. viii. p. 147 (1901—British New Guinea,
Terra typica ; Milne Bay).
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 17. vii. 1910. (No. 4383, A. S. Meek Coll.)
2 3; Snow Mountains, September 1910. (Nos. 4738, 4918, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The upperside of S. torotoro meehi is often quite as dark as in S. torotoro torotoro,
but the dimensions are always much smaller, and the underside, as a rule, lighter.
Altogether these specimens are somewhat intermediate between S. ¢. tentelare
from the Aru Islands and S. ¢. meek’, but we think they are nearer to the latter.
The wings vary, measuring 73—78 mm. Dr. van Oort mentions a female from
Sabang, which he unites with tentelare (Nova Guinea ix. Zool. part 1. p. 77, 1909).
Unfortunately we have not received any females.
/ 68. Melidora macrorhina macrorhina (Less.).
Dacelo macrorhina Lesson, Voy. Coqu., Zool. Atlas pl. 31 bis, Fig. 2. Fig. a (1826—Dorey, New
Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 78.
23,1 2%; Upper Setekwa River, Jane—Angust 1910. (Nos. 4206, 4424, 4513,
A. S. Meek Coll.)
2 8; Snow Mountains, September 1910. (Nos. 4711, 4749, A. S. Meek Coll.)
/ 69. Clytoceyx rex imperator Oort.
Clytoceyx rex imperator van Oort, Nova Guinea, Zool. ix. p. 79 (1909--Terra typica : Alkmaar).
9 ad. ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 3.xi. 1910. (No. 4947, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“ Tris light brown ; bill light brown ; feet: chalky-white and flesh-colour.”
3 juv.; Mt. Goliath, 3.ii.1911. (No. 5281, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
( 489 )
The type, a male collected by Dr. Lorentz, has a wing of 180 mm., as opposed
to 165 of the type of C. rex rex. Our female has a wing-measurement of 176 mm.,
but the young male only shows a wing-measurement of 170; the plumage of the
body is very much worn.
‘ 70. Sauromarptis gaudichaud (Quoy & Gaim.).
Dacelo Gaudichaud Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, Zool. p. 112. pl. 25 (1824—Papuaria) ; cf. Nov.
Zool. 1901. p. 151 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 79.
? ad.; Lower Setekwa River, 17. vi. 1910. (No. 4181, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
3? ad., 2 juv.; Setekwa River, 18,19. vi.1910. (Nos. 4191, 4196, 4199, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
?; Upper Setekwa River, 12. vii. 1910. (No, 4346, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
?; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 5. viii. 1910. (No. 4578, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
* 71, Halcyon sancta (Vig. & Horsf.).
Halcyon sanctus Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xv. p. 206 (1826—Australia).
? jun.; Upper Setekwa River, 15. vii.1910. (No. 4367, A. S. Meek Coll.)
* 72. Chrysococcyx meyeri Salvad.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 437.
1 g,2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., September 1910. (Nos. 4720, 4721, 4743,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris chocolate; bill black ; feet slaty blue.”
’ 73. Cacomantis assimilis assimilis (Gray).
Of. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 434 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 68.
? juv.; Lower Setekwa River, 25. xi.1910. (No. 5036, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 juv.; Hilanden River, 14. xii. 1910. (No. 5069, A. S. Meek Coll.)
v 74. Cacomantis castaneiventris Gould.
Cf. Nov. Zool..1907. p. 435.
3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 1. vii.1919. (No. 4244, A. S. Meek Coll.)
dg ad.; Mt. Goliath. 15.i.1910. (No. 5398, A. S. Meek Coll.)
75. Cacomantis variolosus (Horsf.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 437.
3 juv.; Setekwa River, 19. vi. 1910. (No. 4195, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
; 76. Cuculus optatus Gould.
Cuculus optatus Gould, Proc, Zool. Soc, Lond, Part xiii. 1845. p. 18 (1845—Port Essington in
Australia) ; ef, Hartert, Vig. pal. Pauna ii. pp. 949, 950.
“ Cuculus saturatus Blyth,” Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 433.
juv. ; Lower Setekwa River, 21. xi. 1910. (No. 5023, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 26.ix.1910. (No, 4946, A. 5. Meek Coll.)
32
( 490 )
‘ 77. Calliechthrus leucolophus (Miill.).
C£. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 439 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p, 68.
3; Lower Setekwa River, 27.xi.1910. (No. 5042, A. S. Meek Coll.)
?; Mt. Goliath, 21.ix.1911. (No. 5232, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“78. Centropus bernsteini Schleg.
C£. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 443.
2 ad. ; Upper Setekwa River, 8. viii. 1910. (No. 4485, A. S. Meek Coll.)
? juv. ; Hilanden River, 9. xii. 1910. (No. 5058, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“79. Centropus menbeki menbeki Less. & Garn.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 441 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 69.
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 16.ix.1910. (No. 4547, A. S. Meek Coll.)
36; Hilanden River, 20. xii. 1910. (No. 5082, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
80. Eurystomus crassirostris crassirostris Scl.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 197.
@ juv.; Setekwa River, 19. vi. 1910. (No. 4194, A. S. Meek Coll.)
23,29 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 8.15. xi.1910. (Nos. 4957, 4997, 4998,
4999, A. S. Meek Coll.)
* 81. Podargus papuensis Quoy & Gaim.
C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 198; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 81.
2; Upper Setekwa River, 16. vii.1910. (No. 4376, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown-red ; bill horn-colour; feet pale dirty green.”
; » 82. Podargus ocellatus ocellatus Quoy & Gaim.
CE, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 199; van Oort, Nova Giinea ix. 1. p. 82.
3 ad.; Upper Hilanden River, 3. iii 1911. (No. 5474, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
/ 83. Aegotheles salvadorii Hart.
CE. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 200.
3 ad. ; Mt. Goliath, 13. ii.1911. (No. 5374, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill brown ; feet flesh-colour.”
' 84, Aegotheles wallacei.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 201.
3 ad.; Hilanden River, 19. xii. 1910. (No. 5079, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris light brown; bill dark brown ; feet flesh-colour.”
This bird agrees very well with our ¢ from the Aru Islands. It appears to be
very rare, and is only known from the Berau Peninsula and the Aru Islands, but.
recently Shortridge obtained one on the Wataikwa River at the foot of the Snow
Mountains, which, with ours, makes seven recorded specimens.
( 491 )
85. Caprimulgus macrurus macrurus Horsf.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 202 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 81.
35,12; Upper Setekwa River, July—September 1910. (Nos. 4394, 4499,
4515, 4542, A. S. Meek Coll.)
’ 86. Collocalia whiteheadi Grant.
Collocalia whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1895, p. 459 (Palawan, Luzon).
? ad. ; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., 27.71.1911. (No. 5208, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
/ 87. Collocalia fuciphaga fuciphaga (Thunb.).
Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 202: van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 82.
?; Lower Setekwa River, 19. xi.1910. (No. 5010, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 5,12; Upper Setekwa River, July—September 1910. (Nos. 4325, 4438,
4470, 4533, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3; Snow Mts., 2000 ft., 25. viii. 1910. (No. 4627, A. S. Meek Coll.)
Mr. Oberholser has recently separated a number of new local forms of
C. fuciphaga, but without his material for comparison we cannot give an opinion
on the validity of these forms.
v 88. Chaetura caudacuta caudacuta (Lath.).
Hirundo caudacuta Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. 57 (1801—Australia).
?; Upper Setekwa River, 8.xi.1910. (No. 4548, A. S. Meek Coll.)
2g, 12; Snow Monntains, 3000-5000 ft. November 1910. (Nos. 4930
4931, 4932, A. S. Meek Coll.)
¥ 89. Chaetura novaeguineae D’Alb. & Salvadori.
Chaetura novaeguineae D’Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiv. p. 55 (1879—F ly River).
5 go, 2%; Upper Setekwa River, August and November 1910. (Nos. 4366,
4440, 4478, 4479, 4969, 4984, A. S. Meek Coll.)
This species was hitherto only known from a single specimen. After Mr.
Meek’s rediscovery of this species it was also found, by members of the B. O. U.
Expedition to New Guinea, on the Mimika River.
90. Macropteryx mystacea mystacea (Less.).
Cypselus mystaceus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., Atlas, pl. 22 (1826—New Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova
Guinea ix. i, p, 82.
2; Setekwa River, 28. vi.1910. (No. 4221, A. S. Meek Coll.)
9; Lower Setekwa River, 26. xi.1910, (No, 5037, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“91. Mellopitta gigantea Rothsch.
Orn, Monatsber, 1899. p. 137 (‘‘Mt. Maori,” west of Humboldt Bay, north coast of New
Guinea).
The type specimen had the ramp and upper tail-coverts as well as the greater
part of the abdomen, flanks and thighs rafous brown; the facts that the brown
( 492 )
of the abdomen did not seem to be sharply and quite regularly limited, and that a
few black feathers appeared in the brown area, suggested that the bird was
immature, though it had the appearance of an adult individual.
Mr. Meek obtained a male (No. 4907) at an elevation of about 3000 ft. in
the Snow Mountains, on October 27, 1910, which is pure black all over. The beak
is a little, but not much smaller (23 against 26—not 27—in the type); wing 129,
tarsus 58 mm. :
‘Tris brown ; bill and feet black.”
More material will be necessary to show if the differences between this specimen
and the type are due to age, sex, or locality, and if present there would be no
excuse for assuming that these birds did not belong to the same form.
v 92. Pitta macklotii macklotii Temm.
Pitta Macklotii Temminck, Pl. Col. 547 (1834—Type from Lobo, collected by Salomon Miiller) ;
Nov. Zool., 1901. p. 63; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i. p. 83.
3 ad.; Upper Setekwa (tributary of Oetakwa) River, 28, vii. and 8, x.1910.
(Nos. 4437, 4494, 4505, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
23,1 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 22. viii, 1.ix., 9.x.1910. (Nos. 4606,
4694, 4797, A. S. Meek Coll.)
2, 19; Hilanden River, December 1910. (Nos. 5074, 5080, 5081, A. 8.
Meek Coll.)
93. Pitta atricapilla atricapilla Quoy & Gaim.
Pitta atricapilla Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i. p. 258. pl. 8. fig. 3 (1830—Dorey, north
coast of New Guinea) ; Nov, Zool, 1901. p. 62,
Pitta novaeguineae Miller & Schlegel, Verh. Nat. Gesch, Nederl. Overz. Bez., Zool. Aves, Pitta,
pp. 19, 20 (1839-1844) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, Zool, i, p. 82.
1 3, 2 $; Lower Setekwa (Oetakwa) River, November 1910. (Nos. 5009,
5025, 5035, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 29. vii. 1910. (No. 4446, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; feet dark smoky horn-colour ; bill black.”
5 3, 1 %; Hilanden River, December 1910. (Nos. 5051, 5052, 5055, 5061,
5063, 5073.)
The wings measure from 101 to 109, but in No. 5063, marked “ male,” only
97°5 mm, :
/ 94. Chelidon rustica gutturalis (Scop.).
Hirundo gutturalis Scopoli, Del. Flor, & Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 96 (1786—‘‘ In Nova Guiana, p. 118,
tab. 76.” Sic! This does nut mean that the bird was found in New Guinea, but that it
is the species described and figured in Sonnerat, Voy. Nouvelle Guinée, p. 118. pl. 76; the
locality there given, and therefore the terra typica for the name guttwralis is Antigua, on
the Isle of Panay, Philippines !)
? juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 13. xi.1910. (No. 4987, A. S, Meek Coll.)
/ 95. Chelidon javanica (Sparrm.).
Hirundo javanica Sparrmann, Mus. Carls. ii. Taf. 100 (1789).
Hirundo frontalis Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i. p. 204. pl. 12. fig. 1 (1830—Dorey, New
Guinea).
5 6? ; Upper Setekwa River, August, September, November 1910. (Nos.
4363, 4507, 4508, 4532, 4992, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
( 493 )
The late Dr, Sharpe stated that specimens from New Guinea and Torres Straits
were paler underneath than typical javanica. Comparing our specimens, we cannot
find this confirmed, and are unable to find other differences. If they should
be separable, the name frontalis would of course be available for the Papuan race.
Mr. Mathews treats neoxena as a subspecies of javanica, and perhaps with
good reason.
* 96. Monarcha axillaris Salvad.
Cf. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 458; 1907. p. 462.
? imm.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 22.x. 1910. (No. 4875, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; bill dark slaty-blue with black tip; feet dark slaty-blue.”
Unfortunately we have no specimens from Arfak, which is the terra typica of
M, axillaris.
97. Monarcha guttula (Garn ).
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 456 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i, p. 87.
3d ad., 1 d juv. ; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4407,
4429, 4496, 4497, A. S. Meek Coll.)
98. Monarcha menadensis (Quoy & Gaim.).
(Monarcha dichrous auctoram—preferred on account of the wrong name, the species not being
found in Celebes.)
Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 458.
26, 1%; Setekwa River, 18,22. vi.1910. (Nos. 4187, 4190, 4217, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
25, 1%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4236, 4246, 4270,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
According to Mr. Meek’s sexing in this and former collections, the entirely
black-backed birds are males, those with a slate-coloured upperside females; but
from the differences in size of some of the black-backed specimens we must conclude
that the adult male and female have an entirely black upperside, and differ merely
in size, while the slate-backed birds are young or immature. This was already
Salvadori’s ‘view in Orn. Pap. ii. p. 31.
» 99. Monarcha rubiensis (Meyer).
Tchitrea rubiensis A, B, Meyer, Sitzungsb. k. Akad. Wien \xix, p. 494 (1874—Rubi).
Bathmisyrma rufum Reichenow, Orn. Monatsber, 1897. p. 161 (Gogol River, Kaiserwilhelmsland).
Monarcha rubiensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 460 (near Humboldt Bay and
Bismarck Mountains),
4 3,3 9 ; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4242, 4255, 4320, 4336,
4335, 4343, 4347, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; bill slaty-blue and black ; feet slaty-blue.”
The males have the throat black, in one specimen extending down to the
jugulum, in the others not extending over the lowest part of the throat. The
females have the throat rusty rufous like the breast. Wings of the males 94-97,
of the females 90-93 mm,
One of the males has over a dozen white (albinistic) feathers on the crown.
( 494)
100. Arses telescophthalmus harterti Oort.
Van Oort, Neva Guinea ix. 1. p. 86 (1909—Noord River, Sabang, Geitenkamp, collected by
Lorentz).
32%; Setekwa River, 19, 23. vi.1910. (Nos. 4200, 4229, A. S. Meek Coll.)
13,2 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4284, 4359,
4488, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
3? ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August 1910. (Nos. 4645, 4684, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
“ 8% : Iris dark brown ; eyelids blue ; bill and feet slaty-blue.” :
In addition to the characters pointed out by Dr. van Oort, it seems that the
bare skin of the eyelids is not quite so largely developed as in A. ¢. aruensis. The
wings of our males measure 78-83, those of the females 77-79 mm. There is
fad a considerable amount of variation, and not much difference, if any, from
A. t. aruensis in size.
101. Rhipidura tricolor (Vieill.).
C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 462 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 85.
3d ad, 2 9 ad., 1 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, July and September 1910.
(Nos. 4373, 4524, 4537, 4538, 4539, A. S. Meek Coll.)
4102. Rhipidura threnothorax 8. Miill.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 463 ; van Oort. Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 85.
6 $2 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, June, July, Angust 1910. (Nos. 4197,
4265, 4269, 4411, 4454, 4518, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown ; bill black ; lower mandible whitish horn-colour.”
The white spots on the breast vary much in size.
' 103. Rhipidura leucothorax Salvad.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 463.
2 d ad.; Setekwa River, 21, 23. vi.1910. (Nos. 4213, 4234, A.S. Meek Coll.)
4 3; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4264, 4398, 4409, 4417,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill black, lower whitish horn-colour ; feet black.”
104. Rhipidura setosa gularis 8. Miill.
Cf. Nor. Zool. 1903. p. 464.
6 $2; Upper Setekwa River, 17—25.vii.1910. (Nos. 4386, 4885, 4401,
4402, 4428, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
105. Rhipidura auricularis de Vis.
Rhipidura auricularis de Vis, Report on New Guinea, Birds, p, 2 (1890—Musgrave Range) ; Nov.
Zool. 1903. p. 465.
13, 32; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January 1911, (Nos. 5132,
5166, 5434, 5445, A. S, Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; feet dark brown, almost black; bill: upper black, lower
flesh-colour with blackish tip.”
Male: wing 81, females 76°5-77mm. The male appears thus to be much larger,
m+.
"(495 )
and its back is a little darker, otherwise there appears to be no difference between
the sexes. The skins from Mt. Goliath agree perfectly with those from the Aroa,
Mambare and Angabunga Rivers in British New Guinea.
* 106. Rhipidura atra Salvad.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 465.
1 g juv. in the first rufous plumage, 1 ¢ jun. changing from the rufous into
the black plumage ; Snow Mountains, 2500 and 3000 ft., 4. viii. and 20. x. 1910.
(Nos. 4570, 4863, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 6 ad. 3 ? ; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5092, 5115, 5190, 5200,
9396, 5443, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; feet dark brown ; bill: upper black, lower flesh-colour.”
/ 107. Rhipidura hyperythra miilleri Meyer.
[Rhipidura hyperythra Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond,, 1858. p. 176. Aru Islands !]
Rhipidura rufiventris Miiller (nec Vieillot !), Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Ind. Land- en Volkenk.: p. 185
(1839-44—Lobo !)
Rhipidura Miilleri A. B. Meyer, Sitzungsber, k. Al. Wiss. Wien \xix. p. 502 (1874—New name for
rufiventris, no description. Terra typica for the name miilleri therefore =Lobo !)
There appear to be three races at least of Rhipidura hyperythra: one from
the Aru Islands, with nearly the whole throat slate-black, merely a chin-spot
“being white, one from the Mountains of British New Guinea with more white on
the chin, the greater part of the throat being white, and with a larger white patch
to the rectrices—14—17 mm. in the outer pair, against 11-12 in typical hyperythra,
and a third from various parts of Dutch New Guinea, with the throat generally
not quite so far white as in the birds from British New Guinea, viz. Ramsay’s
castaneothorax, and the tips to the rectrices small, those of the outer pairs being
white for 7-10 mm. These latter birds must apparently be called mzllert, which
is a new name for rujiventris. Of this last form we had four from near Humboldt
Bay, collected by Mr. Dumas, and Meek now sent us :
4 8,2 2 from the Snow Mountains, 2500-3000 ft., August adit September
1910. (Nos. 4588, 4599, 4620, 4706, 4707, 4892, A. S. Meek Coll.)
"108. Rhipidura rufidorsa Mey.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 465.
? ; Setekwa River, 22. vi.1910. (No. 4215, A. S. Meek Coll.)
4 32 ; Upper Setekwa River, 25. vii., 16. viii., 12. xi. 1910. (Nos. 4425, 4579,
4520, 4980, A.S. Meek Coll.)
3 ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 14. x. 1910. (No. 4844, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The species of the genus Rhipidura are, as in many other genera, unnaturally
grouped in the Hand-list of Birds, and it would be very useful if some one could
find the time to rearrange them.
~ 109. Microeca flavovirescens Gray.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 471 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 83.
33, 3%; Upper Setekwa River, July and Angust 1910. (Nos. 4278, 4331,
4351, 4354, 4395, 4512, A. S. Meek Coll.)
? ; Upper Bilanden River, 6. iii. 1911. (No. 5489, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
g Iris dark brown ; feet yellow ; bill : upper black, lower yellow, white at base.’
( 496 )
J 110. Microeca papuana A. B. Meyer.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 470.
& juv.; Mt. Goliath, 10.1.1911. (No. 5085, A. S. Meek Coll.) This specimen
has cream-yellow tips to the upper wing-coverts, secondaries, and some of the
feathers of the crown.
8 62 ad.; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5157, 5158, 5160, 5175, 5176,
5177, 5436, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
J 111. Poecilodryas (Megalestes) albonotata griseiventris subsp. nov.
Differs from Poecilodryas (Megalestes) albonotata albonotata (originally de-
scribed from Arfak, common in the mountains of British New Guinea) in having the
whole abdomen ashy-grey, only the vent and under tail-coverts being white, while in
P. albonotata albonotata the middle of the abdomen, almost to the chest, is more
or less white ; this character is, of course, variable, but in our series the difference
is very conspicuous. Type of the new form: d No. 5454, Mt. Goliath, 14.1, 1911.
The distribution of P. albonotata albonotata is peculiar, in view of the—
apparently—isolated occurrence on Mt. Goliath of P. a. griseiventris, but as far
as we can sce from comparison with only two bad skins from Arfak, there is no
difference between the latter and a fine series from British New Guinea.
Mr. Meek sent the following examples of the new form :
5 6, 3 2; Mt. Goliath, up to 5000 ft., January and February 1911.
(Nos. 5105, 5169, 5196, 5209, 5210, 5257, 5367, 5454, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
Wings: ¢ 110-114, ¢ 105-108 mm.
We think this species should be included in the genus Poecilodryas, and not
separated as Megalestes.
/ 112. Poecilodryas hypoleuca (Gray).
Cf. Nov. Zovl. 1903. p. 468 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 84.
4 6,12; Lower Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos. 4184,
4189, 4202, 4220, 5043, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 13. vii. 1910. (No. 4360, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3%; Upper Bilanden River, March 1911. (Nos, 5481, 5490, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
J 113. Poecilodryas cyanus subcyanea de Vis.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 470.
3d ad.; Mt. Goliath, 22.i.1911. (No. 5158, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
é juv., changing from the rufous brown-striped plumage into the slaty-blue
one, Mt. Goliath, 13.i.1911. (No. 5451, A. S. Meek Coll.)
7 @ ad.; Mt. Goliath, January, February 1911. (Nos. 5104, 5176, 5178, 5365,
5439, 5440, 5447, A. S. Meek Coll.)
It seems that these specimens belong to P. ¢. subcyanea, described from the
mountains of British New Guinea. The wings of the females measure 81-84, that
of the male 88 mm. Specimens from British New Guinea are often still larger—
wings to 92 mm.
SS a aeaeeS7-Ie_a_—_———
_ ( 497 )
114. Poecilodryas leucops nigro-orbitalis subsp. nov.
Differs from the other Papuan forms of P. dewcops in the great extent of white
on the chin, which extends over the greater part of the throat, and is thus nearest
to P. leucops albigularis from Cape York (cf. Nov Zool. 1907, p. 459), but differs
from the latter in having the eyelids black, the white loral patch not extending in
a narrow line round the eye, as in P. /. albigularis ; the black line dividing the two
white loral patches along the middle of the forehead wider, the bill a little larger.
Crown slate-colour, paler in the middle and towards the nape ; back olive-green ;
throat white, rest of under-surface yellow, across the chest a clouded dusky band.
Wings of males 74-77, of females (as sexed by the collector) 68-74 mm.
Type: ¢, 4862; Snow Mountains, 20. x. 1910.
3 6, 3 2; Snow Mountains, October 1910. (Nos. 4861, 4862, 4881, 4882,
4902, 4906, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown, feet pale straw-yellow ; bill black, utmost base pale.”
VY 416. Poecilodryas bimaculata (Salvad ).
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 468 ; 1907. p. 459.
5 6 ; Snow Mountains, September and October 1910. (Nos. 4718, 4794, 4868,
4872, 4783, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
These specimens have all rather little white on the abdomen, while the
majority, though not all, of our specimens from British New Guinea have more white
on the abdomen, but, apparently, the males less than the females. The wings of
the Snow Mountains examples measure 79-85°5 mm. Possibly a large series may
confirm the difference and lead to the establishment of a new subspecies.
/ 116. Heteromyias armiti (de Vis).
C£. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 467, pl. xiii. fig. 3.
24, 62; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5179, 5180, 5194, 5275, 5294,
5352, 5397, 5412, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; bill black, in some specimens with the tip widely whitish
horn-colour ; feet flesh-colour.”
Some of these specimens have a more decided greyish tinge across the breast
than our spécimens from British New Guinea, Wings 88-97 mm.
117. Gerygone palpebrosa palpebrosa Wall.
Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 472.
3 ad. ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 23. x. 1910. (No. 4878, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
2 3 ad.; Upper Hilanden River, 9. iii. 1911. (Nos. 5508, 5509, A, 8. Meek
oll.)
“Tris dark red ; feet dull slaty-blue ; bill black.”
Gerygone palpebrosa wahnesi (Mey.) is the black-headed form from German
New Guinea. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1908, p. 472.
118. Gerygone chrysogaster Gray.
Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 472 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i, p. 83 (1909—Noord River).
6 39%; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos, 4235, 4297, 4379,
4382, 4421, 4502, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
( 498 )
$2; Upper Eilanden River, 10. iii. 1911. (Nos. 5511, 5512, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The iris, according to the labels, varies in colour. It is described as grey,
reddish brown, burnt sienna, light brown, and dark red !
Heinrich Kiihn marked the iris in specimens from the Aru Islands as
chocolate, brownish red, and dark greyish brown W. Doherty called it pale
scarlet and whitish scarlet, Dr. Lorentz dark brown. We cannot see differences
between these specimens and others from Aru. The yellow of the lower abdomen
and vent is rather brighter in adult birds, paler in young ones.
119. Gerygone conspicillata subsp. ?
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 473.
» @; Lower Setekwa River, 21. xi.1910. (No, 5022, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris red; feet slaty-blue; bill black.”
This specimen agrees on the whole with G. conspicillata, but the upperside
has a greyish tinge. Wing 55 mm.
J 120. Gerygone (Eugerygone) rubra (Sharpe).
Cf, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 474.
23; Mt. Goliath, 18.i., 2.ii.1911. (Nos. 5134, 5273, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; bill black, with base light horn-colour ; feet brown and
yellow.”
The wings of these two birds measure only 58 mm., while in a speeimen from
Mt. Cameron (Owen Stanley Range) they measure 63 mm.
/121, Machaerirhynchus flaviventer xanthogenys Gray.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 476; 1912 (xix.) p. 201.
32; Upper Setekwa River, 1, 9. viii. 1910. (Nos. 4458, 4489, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
?; Upper Hilanden River, 7.iii.1911. (No. 5497, A. S. Meek Coll.)
/ 122. Machaerirhynchus nigripectus saturatus subsp. nov.
[Machaerirhynchus nigripectus Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr, Dierkunde iv. p. 43 (1871—New Guinea
Terra typica: Arfak !) ; Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 476, note. |
Differs from Arfak specimens in being larger, wings of males 62-5-66, females
60-63°5 mm., and the females are darker on the upperside, not fuscous grey (as in
Arfak individuals), but deep blackish brown, almost black. Type ¢ No. 5276,
Mt. Goliath, 2. ii. 1911. The males seem to be also rather bright yellow
underneath.
The birds from British New Guinea have been separated by Dr. van Oort as
M. n. harterti (Notes Leyden Mus, xxx. p. 235); they have the wings as long
as in satwratus, but the females are not so blackish on the upperside as those of
the latter, and the underside is brighter yellow. ?
Of M. nigripectus saturatus Mr. Meek sent us:
43, 69; Mt. Goliath, January, February, and March 1911. (Nos. 5180
5184, 5227, 5238, 5276, 5277, 5295, 5407, 5424, 5498, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”
( 499 )
Y 123. Clytomyias insignis oorti R. & H.
C£. Nov, Zool. 1907. p. 460 (Angabunga River, A. S. Meek Coll.).
?; Mt. Goliath, 19.71.1911. (No. 5419, A. S. Meek Coll.)
This specimen agrees with the females from the Angabunga River and Bihagi.
Wing 57 mm. The specimens from British New Guinea have the wings 53-
57 mm.
‘124, Todopsis cyanocephalus bonapartii Gray.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 477; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix, i. p. 84,
2 dad, 2 2? ad.,1 d juv.; Setekwa River, June, July, August 1910. (Nos.
4208, 4209, 4210, 4462, 4463, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The young bird (No. 4210) is of interest. It is evidently in the first plumage,
just out of nest. The crown is dull deep brown, with a few blue feathers sprouting,
sides of head darker. Underside dull white, sides of body cinnamon rafous, back
dark cinnamon rufous, upper tail-coverts blackish.
32 ad; Upper Hilanden River, 4.iii.1911. (Nos. 5479, 5480, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
In the male the breast is not so deep blae-black as in those from the Setekwa
River, but the intensity of the colours varies in these birds.
Possibly our 7. c. dohertyi from Takar (cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 477) will not
be tenable, the dark colour of the back perhaps being due to dampness of the
skins while drying.
J
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 477.
2 3; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 22. viii., 21.x.1910. (Nos. 4605, 4867, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
3; Upper Setekwa River, 25. vii.1910. (No, 4423, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 3; Upper Eilanden River, 6.iii.1911. (Nos. 5493, 5494, 5495, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
125. Todopsis wallacii Gray.
126. Campochaera sloetii flaviceps Salvad.
Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 209.
2 3,3 2%; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August to October 1910. (Nos. 4615,
4752, 4754, 4762, 4772, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”
Unfortunately we have no typical C. sloetii from the original locality to
compare.
J 127. Coracina caeruleogrisea (Gray).
Graucalus caeruleogriseus, Nov, Zool, 1903, p. 203 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. livr, i, p. 87
(1909).
1“3” jun. ; Upper Setekwa River, 6. vii. 1910. (No. 4801, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
This specimen is evidently young, as it shows buff tips to the rather pointed
rectrices, quills, and upper tail-coverts.
23 ad., 1d jun, 2 ? ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 3000 ft, August,
October, November 1910. (Nos. 4681, 4798, 4874, 4922, 4940, A, 8. Meek Coll.)
/ ( 500 )
128. Coracina papuensis papuensis (Gm.).
Graucalus papuensis papuensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 205.
°
4 3,2 2; Upper Setekwa River, July, August, November 1910. (Nos. 4390,
4391, 4406, 4484, 4991, 5038, A. S. Meek Coll.)
These specimens clearly do not belong to C. papuensis meehiana R. & H.
(Nov. Zool. 1912. p. 201), which is much paler on the chest and throat.
/ 129. Coracina longicauda De Vis.
Graucalus longicauda De Vis, Revort New Guinea for 1889, p. 59 (1890—Musgrave Range) ;
Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 204.
gad. ; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., 14.1.1911. (No. 5122, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”
Wing 170, tail 150 mm.
‘130. Edoliisoma amboinense miilleri Salvad.
[Campephaga amboinensis Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn. 1865. p. 156. Amboina.]
Ceblepyris plumbea 8. Miiller, Nat. Gresch. Ned. Overz. Bez., Verh. Land- en Volkenkunde p, 189
(1839-1844—Partim, ex Nova Guinea tantum) ; terra typica Utanata River, S.W. Papua.
[The name has generally been rejected by Salvadori and others, because Wagler, Syst. Av.,
under the genus Corvus, among the species wrongly placed in the latter, says that the Corvus
novae-quineae of Gmelin should be looked up under “ Ceblepyr. plumb.” Evidently Wagler
invented the latter name as a substitute for the Corvus novae-guineae, which is neither a Corvus
nor does it occur in New Guinea; Wagler was prevented, by his untimely death, from
publishing his full account, but the name Ceblepyris plumbea might be construed as being fixed.
Dr. van Oort does not share this view, but looks upon “ Ceblepyr. plumb.” as a nomen nudum.
Both points of view have something to recommend them, but we prefer to accept that of
Salvadori.]
Edoliisoma amboinensis miilleri Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 208.
Edoliisoma plumbea van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr, i. p. 88 (1909—Noord River and.
Sabang).
? jun. ; Setekwa River, 20. vi. 1910. (No. 4207, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The specimen is very pale underneath, with rather little spotting.
_/ 131. Edoliisoma schisticeps poliopse Sharpe.
C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 208 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr, i, p. 88 (Alkmaar, Resi Kamp).
2 ; Upper Setekwa River, 24. vii. 1910. (No. 4419, A. S. Meek Coll.)
23,32 ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., August to October 1910.
(Nos. 4574, 4625, 4649, 4750, 4923, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris in both sexes dark brown; bill and feet black.”
The male appears to be indistinguishable from that of £2. schisticeps schisticeps,
while the female differs by the slate-grey colour of the chin, cheeks and ear-
coverts.
~ 132. Edoliisoma montanum minus Rothsch. & Hart (?).
Edoliisoma montana minus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1907 p. 464 (British New Guinea,
type ¢ ad. Bihagi).
Edolisoma montana van Oort, Nova Guinea ix,, Zool., livr. i. p. 89 (¢ Hellwig Mountains).
13,2 2,5 Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5243, 5244, 5361,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
(501 )
Only one of the females is not in monlt, so that the wings can be properly
measured. We make it 1245 mm. It would thus belong to the smaller form,
which we named “ minus.”
y 133. Edoliisoma meyeri sharpei Rothsch. & Hart.
Edoliisoma meyeri sharpei Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 208 (N.E. coast of British
New Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova (ruinea ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 89 (“ Resi Kamp ”).
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 22. vii. 1910. (Nos. 4408, A. S. Meek Coll.)
2d; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 3000 ft., 25. viii, 23. x. 1910. (Nos. 4637,
4888, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
Wings 113-115°5 mm.
/134. ? Edoliisoma incertum (Meyer).
Campephaga incerta Meyer, Sitzungsber, k. Akad, Wiss. Wien xix. p. 387 (1874—Jobi Tsland),
“9”; Snow Mountains 29. x. 1910. (No. 4917, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
This specimen, marked ?, agrees well with the description of Meyer, except
that the wing measures only 109 aud not 115 mm., bat Sharpe gives (Cat. B. iv.
p. 52) only 4°5 in.=114 mm.
135. Edoliisoma melas (Less.) (? an meehi.)
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p 206; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 89.
33,3 %; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4292, 4433,
4455, 4456, 4457, 4495, A. S. Meek Coll.)
d ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 5. ix. 1910. (No. 4717, A. S. Meek Coll.)
It seems that the females are somewhat intermediate between those of
E. melas melas and E. melas meeki. Altogether they vary a good deal, and as the
males appear to be indistinguishable we do not see our way to say for certain
whether these specimens should be classed with LZ. melas melas, meehi, or an inter-
mediate race.
136, Aethomyias spilodera guttata ?an subsp. nov.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 475.
4 3 ad.,1 3 jnov.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 24. and 25. viii. 1910. (Nos.
4617, 4633 fo 4636, A. S, Meek Coll.)
Ae. spilodera guttata differs from Ae. spilodera spilodera in the colour of the
forehead, which is reddish brown with blackish tips to the feathers, instead of dark,
almost blackish, olive without distinct spots. Our specimens from the Snow
Mountains have a rather distinct rnfous forehead, but we do not venture to separate
them on that account from the material at present at hand. Young birds of the
two recognised races appear to be quite similar to each other.
137. Crateroscelis murina (Ncl.) subsp. ?
Cf. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 226, 227 ; 1907, p. 465.
73%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910, (Nos. 4282, 4283, 4285, 4296, 4308,
4381, 4369, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
24,195 Snow Mountains, 2000 to 8000 ft., 25. viii., 23. x. 1910. (Nos. 4628,
4629, 4877, A. S. Meek Coll.)
( 502 )
3 ; Upper Eilanden River, 4. iii, 1911. (No. 5482, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The subspecies of this bird are not yet worked out. As the type locality for
C. murina we have to consider Lobo Bay, while Meyer described brunneiventris
from Rubi (Sitzungsber. k. Ak. Wien \xix. p. 497, description of a young bird),
Ramsay his /fwlvipectoris (sic) from British New Guinea (Goldie River), and we
(Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 227) our rufobrunnea from near Humboldt Bay, the latter being,
as we now know, also a young bird, in which the whole underside is rufous and the
lower mandible black, not light horn-colour, as in the adult birds. There are, apart
from minor differences in size, some variations in all our birds; the type of our
rufobrunnea is rather dark rufescent underneath, while young birds with dark under-
mandibles from Bihagi, Upper Mambare River, are paler on the under-surface ; a
male and two females, apparently adult, collected by Heinrich Kiihn on Mysol are
also rather pale brownish underneath, the brownish buff extending over the throat ;
the heads are almost uniform with the back. These Mysol birds appear to belong to
a localised subspecies.
./ 188. Malurus alboscapulatus alboscapulatus Mey.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 478 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 91.
3 o ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July and November 1910. (Nos. 4289, 4313,
4963, A. S. Meek Coll.)
These specimens do not belong to M. a. naimii, as their wings measure 48°5,
51, 51-5 mm.
139. Malurus lorentzi Oort.
Malurus lorentzi van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 91 (1909—Noord River).
6 3 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and November 1910, (Nos. 4312, 4314,
4326, 4327, 4362, 4964, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown ; bill black; feet vandyke brown.”
Males and females are alike in colour, and Dr. van Oort’s female, which is more
buff underneath, is probably not adult. The white superciliary line is indistinct in
some specimens. Wings 47-51 mm,
140. Sericornis perspicillata Salvad.
C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 228; 1907. p. 466.
9 32 ad.; Mt. Goliath, about 5000 ft., January and February 1911. (Nos. 5133,
5165, 5263, 5265, 5282, 5292, 5293, 5345, 5400, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown; bill black (base of lower mandible light horn); feet light
horn-brown or flesh-colour.”
“141. Sericornis olivacea Salvad.
C£, Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 466. ;
2; Snow Mountains, 30. x.1910. (No, 4920, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
142. Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi Oort.
Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., live. i, p. 9) (1909—Hellwig Moun-
tains. Type compared).
7 $Zad., 1 d juv.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5172,
5181, 5195, 5280, 5309, 5349, 5371, 5409, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown, dark brown, reddish brown, dark red ; biil black ; feet brown.”
eee a ee
ee
— sd sgtnige, 0
hg NA TE AO ec PET Sts PN Fi
( 503 )
We have compared this fine series with the type of S. arfakiana nouhuysi and
find it to agree perfectly. The young bird (No. 5349) is darker and much more
rufescent on the underside.
Comparing all the Sericornis of this group, we come to the conclusion that
three forms can be distinguished :
Sericornis arfakiana arfakiana Salvad.
Arfak, hills near Humboldt Bay, Karon Mountains.
Besides one of the types (specimen c of the list on p. 408 in Salvadori’s Orn.
Pap. ii.), we have examined a 2 from Karon in the Leyden Museum, and an
adult and two young birds from “Mt. Moari” near Humboldt Bay, collected by
J. M. Dumas.
The young birds are more strikingly distinct from S. a. nouhuysi than the old
ones, being more yellowish, less rufescent, than the young of S. a. nouhuysi. The
adult birds have distinct pale edges to the greater upper wing-coverts.
' Sericornis arfakiana nouhuysi Oort.
Hellwig Mountains, Mt. Goliath.
Differs from S. a. arfakiana in being much more rnfescent above as well as
underneath, which is especially striking in the young birds. There are no distinct
pale edges to the greater upper wing-coverts. This form is larger than S. a.
arfakiana, but not much. Wings of the males 64-67, of the females 59°5-62 mm.,
allowing for one probably erroneously sexed specimen.
Sericornis arfakiana oorti subsp. nov.
A series of specimens from the Kotoi district, Mt. Cameron, Eafa, Aroa River,
Angabunga River, and Bihagi differ again from S. «a. arfakiana in being paler
olive, and more yellowish underneath, the feathers having distinct yellow edges,
producing a somewhat streaked appearance. The young birds are much more
tufescent, thus resembling the adult—but not the young—of S. a. arfakiana, except
in size. The wings measure about 60-61 in the females, and run up to 66 in the
males. Type of S. a. oorti d, No. a 2464, A. S. Meek Coll., Bihagi, head of
Mambare River, 19, ii. 1906, in the Tring Museum.
The specimens from British New Guinea were formerly enumerated by us as
“ Sericornis arfakiana” (Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 228 ; 1907, p. 467).
We have also received a skin from the Rawlinson Mountains, 1250 m. high,
shot on October 10, 1911. It appears to be slightly more rufescent than S. a.
arfakiana, but as it is in bad condition it is not easy to say whether it belongs to
the latter or to S. a. nouhuysi. With this bird were sent the nest and two broken
eggs.
The nest is placed in two big rolled-up leaves, like a tailor-bird’s nest, though
no stitches are noticeable. The nest itself is composed of ferns, moss, and dry
leaves, lined with a few feathers. The two eggs are of a brownish cream-colour
with a pink tinge, and with a brown zone at the large end. They measure 22°8 x
15°7, and 21°6 x 15°6 mm.
143. Sericornis meeki sp. nov.
% ad. Upper surface greenish olive, browner on the head and brighter, more
greenish on the ramp, but upper tail-coverts a shade more rufescent, lesser upper
wing-coverts with more greenish edges, larger series with paler tips. Quills dark
(504)
brown, outwardly margined with olive-brown, lighter on the outermost ones, narrow
inner edges greyish buff. Rectrices dark brown, widely margined with rufous-
olive, and with a wide subterminal black bar. Lores and ear-coverts olive-brown,
only a faint shade paler than the crown, around the eye an indication of a pale and
more yellowish ring. Chin, throat, and chest brownish buff, abdomen olive-yellow,
flanks more olive. Under tail-coverts yellowish buff. Under wing-coverts dull
brownish yellow.
“Tris dark brown (and grey) ; feet brown, toes orange-yellowish ; bill blackish
horn-colour, base of lower jaw paler.”
Wings 54°5 and 55, tail 39, tarsus 20, culmen, 12°5 mm.
Type: ¢, Mt. Goliath, 8. 11.1911. (No. 5338, A. S. Meek Coll.)
22%; Mt. Goliath, 31.1. and 811.1911. (Nos. 5252, 5338, A. S. Meek Coll.)
In the Leyden Museum is a female from an elevation of 2600 m. on the
Hellwig Mountains, collected by Dr. H. A. Lorentz, which is very similar to
S. meehi on the upperside, but brownish buff underneath. It seems to be a young
bird, and might perhaps belong to S. meek.
144. Sericornis ?
o juv.; Snow Mountains, 5. viii. 1910. (No. 4576, A. S. Meek Coll.)
This is a perfectly young bird, evidently a Sericornis, but it does not agree
with any of the species we are acquainted with. The bill is black, iris “light grey.”
Upper surface dull olive-green, underside pale yellow, throat and chest with olive-
grey longitudinal spots.
/ 145. Amalocichla brevicauda (De Vis).
Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 226 ; 1907. p. 465.
3; Mt. Goliath, 4.ii.191]. (No. 5297, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The specimen agrees with our series from the mountains of British New
Guinea, but the upperside and breast are a shade darker. It would be interesting
to compare a series from Mt. Goliath. The young bird is spotted like a young
thrush.
~/ 146. Androphilus viridis Rothsch. & Hart.
Androphilus viridis Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxix. p. 33 (December 1911—
Mt. Goliath). ‘
3; Mt. Goliath, 9.111911. (No. 5346, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The description of the single specimen in the Bull. B.O. Club is as follows :
“« Upperside olive-green, the feathers being browner in the middle and at the base,
upper tail-coverts slightly browner ; quills deep brown, outer edges green, like the
back; tail greenish olive; sides of head and neck like the back; a short white
malar stripe; throat and chest black, rest of underside olive-green. Iris dark
brown; bill black: feet vandyke-brown. Culmen 15, wing 66, tail 72, tarsus
26 mm.”
147. Ifrita coronata Rothsch.
Cf. Bull. B.O. Club May 1898 ; Nov. Zool. vi. pl. iii; Nov, Zool. 1908. p. 226, 1907. p. 465.
36,8 %; Mt. Goliath, up to 5000 ft., January and February 1911. (Nos. 5118,
5119, 5154, 5182, 5198, 5213, 5262, 5329, 5366, 5405, 5452, A. S. Meek Coll.)
As we have. stated before, the males have a white, the females a buff
superciliary line; moreover the males are larger, wings 84-87, females smaller,
wings 79-81 mm.
(505 )
148. Eupetes castanonotus saturatus Rothsch. & Hart.
Eupetes castanonotus saturatus Rothschild & Hartert, Orn. Monatsber, 1911. p. 157 (Snow
Mountains).
dd ad., 3 2 ad, 1 d med., 1 ? juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August to
October 1910. (Nos. 4624 (type), 4672, 4680, 4696, 4724, 4728, 4744, 4790, 4795,
4838, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
Differs from E. c. castanonotus in having the underside of a deeper blue with a
purplish tinge, and a deeper chestnut back. “ Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
The young in first plumage has the upper surface brown; middle rectrices dark
brown, throat greyish white, rest of underside dusky brown. The young male has
the rump chestnut.
149. Eupetes caerulescens nigricrissus Salvad.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 230; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. livr. i. p. 90 (Noord River).
43,2 2%; Upper Setekwa River, June to September 1910. (Nos. 4180, 4211,
4263, 4414, 4415, 4416, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3d, 2 2; Upper Hilanden River, March 1911. (Nos. 5485, 5486, 5499, 5504,
5505, A. S. Meek Coll.)
/ 150. Eupetes leucostictus loriae Salvad.
C£. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 230. 1907. p. 464.
?; Mt. Goliath, 27. i. 1911 (No. 5212).
“Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.” (No. 5212 A. S. Meek Coll.) As we
have said before, the $ has the entire upper surface rufous chestnut, while in the
males it is dull greenish olive. Z. 1. loriae is very-closely allied to F. 0. leucostictus,
from which it seems to differ only by the black throat and guttural patch being
more or less connected by black feathers with white edges ; moreover, the black
guttural patch has more or less round white spots to the tips of its feathers, which
are not seen in the &. J. loriae. It appears to be a mistake to say that the
ehest is olive-greenish and not cinereous blue, as it is mot always bluish in
E. 1. leucostictus.
151. Pomatorhinus isidori Less.
Cf, Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 231; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. livr. i, p. 89.
13, 2% Lower Setekwa River, 17, 18. vi. 1910. (Nos. 4184, 4192, 4193,
A. S. Meek Coll.)
3%; Upper Setekwa River, July and November 1910. (Nos. 4280, 4339, 4972,
A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris yellow, dull yellow, dull white, and brown !”
vy 152. Turdus (Geocichla) papuensis (Seeb.).
Geocichla papuensis Seebohm, Cat. B, Brit. Mus, v. p. 158. pl. ix. (1881—S.E, New Guinea,
Type in the British Museum, collected by A. Goldie),
? juny. ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 18, x. 1910. (No. 4849 A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown; bill black ; feet light horn-colour.”
Of this rare mountain-Thrush we have, besides some skins from the Upper Aroa
33
( 506 )
River, collected by Emil Weiske, at elevations of about 3500 feet, received a skin
from the Sattelberg in German New Guinea, together with its nest and fragments
of eggs; the latter are pale green with pale rufous spots, like small Blackbirds’
eggs and many other eggs of Turdi.
153. Artamus leucorhynchos leucopygialis Gould.
Cf, Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 112; 1912. p. 292.
1“ 3,’ 2 2; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4368, 4874, 4452, A.S.
Meek Coll.) :
These three specimens agree with the race from S.E. Papua and Australia,
Their wings measure only 122 and 125 mm. It seems doubtful if the birds from
N.W. New Guinea can be separated, but they are generally slightly larger and
have larger beaks.
‘154. Artamus maximus Mey.
Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903, p, 112.
3; Mt. Goliath, 10. ii. 1911. (No. 5350, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
/ 155. Pitohui aruensis nigripectus Oort.
Pitohui aruensis nigripectus van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr, i. p, 93 (1909—Sabang).
3; Upper Setekwa River, 7. vii. 1910. (No. 4309, A. S. Meek Coll.)
4S ad.;2 2? ad.; 2d? juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., August, Sep-
tember, October 1910. (Nos. 4616, 4740, 4742, 4773, 4774, 4785, 4786, 4928, A. 8.
Meek Coll.)
2 3,1 2; Upper Hilanden River, March 1911. (Nos. 5483, 5484, 5504, A. S._
Meek Coll.)
“Tris red, dark red, chocolate; bill and feet black, or bill black, feet dark
slaty blue.” ‘
The differences of this new form are well described by Dr. van Oort ; but,
according to the sex-marks on our labels, the adult males only have the breast and
part of abdomen pure black, while the adult females have the throat and jagulam _
black, the rest of the underside cinnamon-rufous. The lower ramp and upper tail-
coverts in all our specimens are black, more or less mixed with rufous-chestnut. In
a young female (No. 4740) the crown is brown with black streaks, the throat
cinnamon, towards the breast with an admixture of black. The tail, which is pure
black in adult males and females, is margined with brown. In the young male in
first plumage (No. 4774) the crown is dull cinnamon-brown, throat dall cinnamon-
brown as far as the chest, ramp and upper tail-coverts dark chestnut, the whole tail
rufous-brown. Wings of the adult males 123-128, of the females 121-126. mm.
156. Pitohui ferrugineus ferrugineus (Bp.).
Rectes ferrugineus Bonaparte, Compt, Rend. Paris, xxxi, p. 563 (1850—Ex 8, Miiller MS. in Mus,
Leiden. Terra typica: Lobo, Nova Guinea); van Oort, Nov Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i,
p. 94,
4 3 2%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4243, 4277, 4349, 4350, A. 8.
Meek Coll.)
3 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August 1910. (Nos. 4613, 4644, A. 58.
Meek Coll.)
( 507 )
/ 157. Pitohui cristatus (Salvad.).
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 98.
S
:
¢
6
2 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 27. ix., 6. x. 1910. (Nos. 4739, 4780, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
No. 4780 agrees with our P. cristatus from various localities, while No. 4739
is much deeper rufous below and a little more rufescent above, than all other
examples seen by us.
/ 158. Pitohui meeki spec. nov.
(Perhaps subspecies of P. nigrescens.)
? ad. Upperside rufous brown, head more brownish. Quills deep brown,
outer webs ferruginous brown, inner webs widely margined with bright ferraginous
towards the base. Tail chestnut brown, shafts brighter and more reddish. Whole
underside brownish rust-colour, under wing-coverts light ferraginous.
Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black. Wings 125-5, tail 103, culmen from base
of forehead 30°5, tarsus 31°5 mm.
Type and only specimen received: $ ad. Mount Goliath, 7. ii, 1911. (No.
5321, A. 8. Meek Coll.) /
This bird belongs to the group called “ Melanorhectes,” as is not only proved by
its general appearance and fluffy plumage, but also by the peculiar musky smell,
which is peculiar to Pitohui (Melanorhectes) nigrescens nigrescens and schistaceus.
It differs from the adult females of these two forms by its much more rufous colour,
~ thus somewhat resembling the young birds ; but it is not so bright ferraginous, and
is evidently an old bird. More material must be compared before we can decide
whether it is a representative of P. nigrescens, or a separate species, and how the
male looks.
’ 159. Pinarolestes megarhyncha megarhyncha (Quoy & Gaim.).
Cf. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 99; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. Zool., livr. i. p. 94.
5d ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4257, 4328, 4329, 4370,
4371, A. S. Meek Coll.)
4 3% ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 2500 ft., August 1910. (Nos. 4575,
_ 4587, 4598, 4685, A. S. Meek Coll.)
These specimens appear to be quite typical megarhyncha.
yA
Of. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 92.
3 ad., 3d jun. 2 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July and September 1910,
(Nos. 4260, 4267, 4526.)
3 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 9.x. 1910. (Nos. 4799, 4800, 4801.)
160. Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.).
’ 161. Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Less.).
£, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 93.
? ; Upper Setekwa River, 27. vii. 1910. (No. 4434.)
( 508 )
¥ 162. Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothsch.
Pachycephala tenebrosa Rothschild, Bull. B.O, Club xxix. p. 20 (Nov. 1911—Mt. Goliath).
9 $2; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5135, 5224, 5246,
5320, 5334, 5343, 5344, 5394 [type], 4416, A. S. Meek Coll.)
There is hardly anything to add to the original description, though the colour
of the upperside is browner in some, darker and more blackish in others, The
species is not quite a typical Pachycephala; it approaches, in fact, the genus.
Pinarolestes, in the copious and fluffy plumage on the back and rump, but the bilk
is much deeper, in fact exactly like that of other typical Pachycephalae.
Wings of the males 93-96, females 90-92 mm.
’ 163. Pachycephala rufinucha gamblei Rothsch.
CE. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 104 ; 1907. p. 471.
6 3? ad. 1 J immat., 1 ? juv.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911..
(Nos. 5095, 5264, 5313, 5314, 5315, 5330, 5385, 5390, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The curious plumage of the young birds and the differences from P. 7. rufinucha.
have been described as quoted above. This species approaches Pachycephala
tenebrosa in the fluffy plumage of the back and rump, thus connecting it with the
true Pachycephala. :
J 164, Pachycephala soror Scl.
Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903, p. 103 ; 1907. pp. 470, 471.
? immat.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 26. viii. 1910. (No. 4641, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
73 ad,3 % ad, 2 d? immat.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911.
(Nos. 5094, 5185, 5186, 5215, 5216, 5217, 5241, 5270, 5310, 53856, 5414, 5446,.
A. S. Meek Coll.)
The first plumage in which these birds leave the nest has apparently not yet.
been described; the immature specimens have cinnamon edges to the quills and
upper wing-coverts, and a few cinnamon-rafous feathers on the back and abdomen,
showing that the foregoing plumage must have been cinnamon-rufous. Their heads.
are dull cinnamoneous-brown.
! 165. Pachycephala schlegelii schlegelii Schleg.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p, 103.
3 9 ad.; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5108, 5147, 5438, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
It is interesting to find on Mt. Goliath—as in several other cases—the Arfak
race, and not the one inhabiting British New Guinea.
Y 166. Pachycephala aurea Rchw.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 102.
5 3,1 ¢ ; Upper Setekwa River, July, September, November 1910. (Nos. 4387,
4528, 4529, 4540, 4965, 4993, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“ [ris chocolate-brown ; bill black ; feet slate-colour.”
The adult males vary somewhat in the colour of the back, which is sometimes.
brighter, sometimes paler, and in a few cases washed with olive. More conspicuous,
however, are the variations of the throat, which has in some specimens only a tiny
white spot, while in other specimens nearly the whole throat is white. The female —
( 509 )
has apparently not been described. The feathers of the crown and nape are widely
margined with olive-grey ; throat white ; the feathers of the wide jugular black
band have yellowish tips ; the feathers of the back are yellowish olive. Quills dull
black, primaries outwardly margined with grey, secondaries and upper wing-coverts
with dull olive-green ; tail black, mottled with olive-green.
Wings only 80 mm., those of the males 85-88 mm.
The males agree perfectly with those from the mountains of British
New Guinea.
Y 167. Pachycephala leucostigma Salvad.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 107 ; 1907. p. 473.
3 ad. 3 2 (two not fully adult), 1 quite young ; Mt. Goliath, not less than
5000 ft., January and February 1911. (Nos. 5129, 5251, 5267, 54038, 5444,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
The adult male was described by us in 1907, but it must be added that the
adult female has the crown almost uniform olive-grey, the forehead only being
adorned with white streaks. The very young bird (No. 5251), just from the nest,
agrees with other young, thouch older, birds. These birds are absolutely identical
with those from the mountains of British New Guinea, but it is desirable to have a
good series of fresh Arfak specimens to compare,
/ 168. Pachycephala poliosoma (Sharpe).
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 473.
Pachycephala poliosoma approximans Ogilvie-Grant, Bull, B.O. Case xxix, p. 26 (Twaka River ,
foot of Snow Mountains). 4
5 3? ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 2500 ft., August and October 1910.
(Nos. 4562, 4566, 4567, 4618, 4792, A. S. Meek Coll.)
Mr, Ogilvie-Grant distinguished his new form, stating that it differed from
specimens from the Aroa and Mambare Rivers in having the top of the head and
ear-coverts very dark slate-grey like the rest of the upper parts, while in
P. poliosoma poliosoma these parts were washed with brown, and that the foreneck
and chest were uniform dark grey, not washed with brown, These alleged
differences are, we are sorry to say, not constant at all, when comparing the Snow
Mountain birds with our twenty specimens from British Papna, Not only are the
alleged distinguishing characters of the birds from the Snow Mountains not equally
seen in all the specimens, but they are also evident in several adult males in fresh
plumage from British New Guinea.
/ 169. Pachycephala griseiceps (tray (? subsp.).
Pachycephala griseiceps Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1858. p. 178, 192 (Aru Islands).
5 “3”: Snow Mountains, 2000—3000 ft., August and October 1910. (Nos,
4607, 4619, 4643, 4791, 4903, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
These five specimens show the dark shaft-lines to the feathers of the underside,
especially of the throat, chest, and breast, very conspicuously ; in this respect they
are most nearly approached by some of the birds from the Upper Aroa River in
British New Guinea, but also some Aru birds—Aru being the typical locality—
show distinct stripes, and our Aru examples being inferior skins, as compared with
those of Mr. Meek, a very close comparison is somewhat difficult. It appears,
however, that the skins from Kapanr (cf. Nov. Zool. 1901. p. 56, 1903. p, 105)
( 510 )
are more yellowish on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, and hardly ever show
any striping on the under surface. They might therefore be separated under the
name of P. griseiceps squalida Oustalet (Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 1877-1878.
p. 56—terra typica Amberbaki, Berau Peninsula). The birds from Waigin and
Misol (Mysol) might be united with sgualida, though some—and perhaps the
majority—of the latter show again distinctly the dark shaft-stripes on the feathers.
of the throat and breast.
v
170. Kulacestoma nigropectus De Vis.
Eulacestoma nigropectus De Vis, Report on New Guinea 1893-94, Ornith. Specimens. p, 4 (1894—
Mt. Manaeao, Brit. New Guinea).
Eulacestoma nigritorques (evidently slip of pen) Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B.O. Club viii. 1898. p. x.
Eulacestoma nigripectus Sharpe, Handlist B. iv, p. 314 (1903).
Eulacestoma nigropectus Sclater, Ibis 1904. pp. 373-5. pl. ix.
6 ad. 1 juv.; Mt. Goliath, 19.11.1911. (Nos. 5420, 5421, A. S. Meek Coll.)
1 ob ad., 2 3 ad.; Avera, Aroa River, May 1903. (Nos. a477, 528, 529, A. S_
Meek Coll.) 4
3 ad.; Bihagi, head of Mambare River, 31. i11.1906. (No. 42691, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill black in the ¢, horn-colour, light at base of lower
jaw in the ?, light horn throughont in the young bird.”
The bill varies much in size, that of the male from Bihagi being much larger.
Wings of the adult males 68-70, females 70-70 mm. The wings are outwardly
margined with olive-rufous in the adult females, the chest shows faint whitish
cross-bars. In the young bird (No. 5420) the cross-markings of the chest are more
distinct, and the upper wing-coverts as well as the margins of the secondaries are
bright ferrnginous.
(On one of the skins in the British Museum is a MS. name by Professor
- Reichenow, which has never been published.)
‘171. Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothsch. & Hart.
Pachycare flavogrisea subaurantia Rothschild and Hartert, Orn. Monatsber, xix. p. 157 (Oct, 1911—
Snow Mountains).
5 @ ad., 2 ? ad.,1 2 juv.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., October and November
1910. (Nos, 4848, 4873 [type], 4885, 4895, 4935, 4936, 4941, 4946, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
This brilliantly coloured form differs from Pachycare Jlavogrisea flavogrisea
by the deeper and more orange colour of the underside and sides of the head. In
the very young female (No. 4941) the colours are paler. Wings of the males.
65-68, females 64-67 mm.
We have also received a female of Pachycare flavogrisea from an elevation
of 1200 m. in the Rawlinson Mountains, German New Guinea, together with nest
and eggs. This bird appears to be very orange underneath, and may belong to
P. f. subaurantia, but it is so badly skinned that one can hardly be quite certain
whether it belongs to P. f. flavogrisea or P. f. subaurantia. The two eggs are
rather pointed, and in colour look exactly like small eggs of a Pyenonotus. Their
ground-colour is whitish pink, and they are covered all over with rufous pink spots
and patches. They measure about 21 x 15 mm., but being end-blown (with rather
big holes) their length is not absolutely certain. The nest is a large structure —
( 511 )
of fibres and decayed leaves, wrapped up in fresh leaves. Its original shape is
uncertain, but it seems to be a cave about 10 cm. deep, narrowing below; the
entrance has apparently been at the top.
¥ 372. Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum R. & H.
Dicaeum geelvinkianum diversum Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 215 (Ambernoh
River) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., livr. i. p. 98.
“9”; Setekwa River, 20. vi.1910. (No. 4201, A. S. Meek Coll.)
(One red feather on chest. )
3%; Upper Setekwa River, 30. vii., 9. viii,1910, (Nos. 4450, 4490, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
3 3; Snow Mountains, 2000—3000 ft., September and October 1910. (Nos.
4688, 4702, 4861, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
173. Pristorhamphus versteri meeki Rothsch. & Hart.
Pristorhamphus versteri meeki Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix. p. 36 (1911—Mt.
Goliath).
6 dad, 3d juv, 6 2; Mt. Goliath, about 5000 ft., January and February
1911. (Nos. 5106, 5136, 5155, 5173, 5174, 5193, 5199, 5214, 5255, 5332, 5333,
5355, 5362, 5404, 5441, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 ?: “Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.”
This form differs in the male sex from P. ». versteri in the darker colour of
the underside, and the greater extent of white at the base of the rectrices ; the tails
measure 75-79 mm.
(The type is No. 5332, Mt. Goliath, 8. ii, 1911.)
The curious fact that the females of Pristorhamphus are larger than the males
has been mentioned before, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 217.
174, Melanocharis nigra chloroptera Salvad.
C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 216, 1907. p. 477.
43, 2%; Upper Setekwa River, June and July 1910. (Nos. 4188, 4253,
4299, 4358, 4399, 4412, A. S. Meek Coll.)
We can see no difference from Aru Islands specimens, unless that in some—
but not all—specimens the bill appears to be slightly more slender; colour and
dimensions agree in every way.
J 175, Melanocharis striativentris Salvad.
CE. Nov. Zool. 1907. p. 478.
?; Snow Mountains, 2500 ft., 10.ix.1910, (No, 4591, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown; feet slaty blue; bill smoky dark brown.”
/ 176. Rhamphocharis crassirostris Salvad. (?).
Rhamphocharis crassirostris Salvadori, Ann. Mus, Civ. Genova vii. p. 943 (1875—Arfak) ; id. Orn.
Pap, ii. p. 288, Sharpe, Cat. B, Birds Brit. Mus. x. p, 84; id. in Gould’s B, New Guinea,
part xx. (vol. iv. pl, ix.) and text.
3; Mt. Goliath, 20. i1.1911. (No, 5425, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
Agrees in every way with the type of RA. crassirostris in the Genoa Museum,
(512)
except that the base of the lateral rectrices is white for about 1 cm., as in
Rh. maculata. Wing 68:2 mm.
“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
6 juv.; Mt. Goliath, 14.11.1911. (No. 5383, A. S. Meek Coll.)
Back olive-green, with some white dots to the tips of the feathers.
3 pull.; Mt. Goliath, 12.11.1911, (No. 5360, A. S. Meek Coll.)
This is quite a young bird, with the back uniform olive-green without white
dots, underside creamy white with longitudinal grey spots. It is of course not
quite certain that this bird belongs to RA. crassirostris, but we have little doubt
that our identification is correct.
/177. Oreocharis arfaki (Meyer).
Cf, Nov. Zool. 1904. p. 474.
7 dad.,5 2; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5088, 5107, 5152,
5170, 5171, 5187, 5206, 5254, 5406, 5415, 5433, 5435, A. S. Meek Coll.)
\ 178, Cinnyris aspasia aspasia Less.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 190%. p. 475; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., livr. i. p. 94.
3 ; Lower Setekwa River, 22. xi. 1910. (No. 5024, A. S. Meek Coll.)
43, 3 2; Upper Setekwa River, July and Augnst 1910. (Nos. 4261, 4441,
4442, 4480, 4509, 4510, 5001, A. S. Meek Coll.)
1 gd ad.,1 3 juv.; Upper Bilanden River, 8, 9. iii, 1911. (Nos. 5506, 5507,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
/ 179, Myzomela eques nymani Rothsch. & Hart.
Myzomela eques nymani Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 223 (Simbang in German New
Guinea [terra typica] and British New Guinea).
& ; Upper Setekwa River, 5. viii. 1910. (No. 4475, A. S. Meek Coll.)
5 ¢ ; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., October 1910. (Nos. 4814, 4828, 4831, 4835,
4836, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
It would be desirable to compare a series from Simbang, as well as well-
prepared fresh skins from Waigiu (terra typica of the name egues) and N.W.
Papua. The specimens from British New Guinea are absolutely identical with
those from the Setekwa River; they are darker than typical egues, but can hardly
be said to be more greyish.
J 180, Myzomela rosenbergi Schleg.
Cf. Nov. Zool, 1903. p. 220,
3 juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 1. ix. 1910. (No. 4689, A. S. Meek Coll.)
6 dad.,5 2; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and February 1911.
(Nos. 5087, 5091, 5098, 5101, 5102, 5116, 5168, 5188, 5285, 5442, 5448, A. S. Meek
Coll.)
» 181. Myzomela cruentata cruentata A. B. Mey.
Cf£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 222; 1907. p. 479.
1 d ad., 2-¢ juv., 3 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August and September
1910. (Nos. 4657, 4674, 4675, 4677, 4678, 469], A. S. Meek Coll.)
( 513 )
7182) Myzomela nigrita nigrita (Gray.
C£. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 221.
4 ¢ ad, 2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August, September, October,
November 1910. (Nos. 4656, 4692, 4698, 4837, 4915, 4938, A. S. Meek Coll.)
We cannot see differences from specimens from Aru, which is the terra typica
for the name ngrita, but should any be found, the name meyert (Salvadori, Orn.
Pap. ii. p. 292, in the text), which replaces erythrocephala A. B. Meyer, nec Gould,
would be available for the Papuan race. M. ». pluto is a much larger bird.
J 183, Oedistoma pygmaeum pygmaeum Salvad.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 436.
3.3 2; Upper Setekwa River, August 1910. (Nos. 4474, 4476, 4483, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
2 3; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 23, 26. viii. 1910. (Nos. 4614, 4646, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
We would now regard 0. meeki (Hart.) as a subspecies of pygmaeum and call it
O. pygmaeum meeki. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 436.
184, Melilestes iliolophus iliolophus Salvad.
C£. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 438.
1 g,2 2 ; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos, 427], 4355,
4458, A. S. Meek Coll.)
23,12; Snow Mountains, 2500 and 3000 ft., August and October 1910,
(Nos. 4595, 4596, 4853, A. S. Meek Coll.)
It would be desirable to have freshly collected and good skins from Miosnom
and Arfak to compare with Mr. Meeck’s beautiful specimens, which, together with
others from British New Guinea, look very greenish compared with old Arfak skins.
Y 185. Melilestes novaeguineae flaviventris Rothsch. & Hart.
Melilestes novae-quineae flaviventris Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O, Club xxvii. p. 44 (Aru
Islands).
-§ ; Upper Eilanden River, 7. iii, 1911. (No. 5500, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
2 3,2 2; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., August, September, October 1910.
(Nos. 4569, 4709, 4843, 4912, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown, dark brown; bill black ; feet slaty blue.’ Wing, males 68, 68-5,
females 58-60°5 mm.
These birds agree well with the topotypical Aru specimens.
/ 186. Melilestes megarhynchus megarhynchus (Gray).
Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 436; 1912. p. 203 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 95.
23,2 9 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4321, 4426, 4435, 4443,
A. §. Meek Coll.)
1 3 ad.,1 3 juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August 1910, (Nos, 4658, 4673,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
/187. Philemon novaeguineae brevipennis subsp. nov.
Differs from P. novaeguineae novaeguineae, P. novaeguineae jobiensis, and P.
novaeguinene subtuberosus in having shorter wings and slenderer beaks. Wings of
males 143-146, of females 136-140 mm.
( 514 )
Hab. Snow Mountains, Dutch New Guinea; type No. 4713, Snow Mountains,
4. ix. 1910, A. S. Meek Coll.
13,2 9; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., September 1910. (Nos. 4687, 4713,
4714, A. S. Meek Coll.)
25,1 2 ; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4410, 4431, 4432, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
The Philemon novaeguineae is a very interesting species from the point of its
geographical variation. In 1903 (Nov Zool. 1903. pp. 449, 450) we acknowledged
three subspecies: P. novaeguineae novaeguineae, subtuberosus, and jodbiensis, and in
1912 (Nov. Zool. xix. pp. 204, 209) we quoted P. novaeguineae novaeguineae from
the Kumusi River and Haidana, Collingwood Bay. The discovery of a new form on
the lower slopes of the Snow Mountains led us to reconsider these forms, and we
came to the following conclusions :
P. novaeguineae novaeguineae extends from the Berau Peninsula (Arfak,
Dorey, Sorong, ete.) to Ron Island, Batanta, Waigin and Mysol.—In 1903 we
united with it the Aru birds, and two examples said to have come from “ Mt.
Maori” (Humboldt Bay) and the Ambernoh River. We must modify our views of
1903 somewhat, on account of more material received and of a more careful study.
J -P. novaeguineae aruensis A. B. Mey. From a renewed comparison of a large
series we are inclined to separate the Aru form because the heads are after all generally
much paler, and the knobs at the base of the culmen reach often a size which is
never developed in P. n. novaeguineae.
P. novaeguineae jobiensis A.B. Mey. Jobi Island and along the north coast of New
Guinea east of Geelvink Bay to German New Guinea (Konstantinhafen, Stephansort).
P. novaeguineae brevipennis R. & H. Besides the specimens from the Snow
Mountains and Upper Setekwa River the following appear to belong to this form :
Two males from Hall Bay, collected by D’Albertis, being specimens f* and g* of
Salvadori’s list in Orn. Pap. ii. p. 360. These two birds are too light and too small
for P. n. subtuberosus, but their wings are longer than in our P. ». drevipennis from
the Snow Mountains, measuring 147 and 150 mm.—An unsexed specimen said to be
from the Ambernoh River, and another said to be from “Mt. Maori,” near Humboldt
Bay. The wings of these birds measure only 146 mm., and they agree otherwise
with our P. n. brevipennis. hey were mentioned in Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 449. They
have been collected by Mr. J. Dumas, but were not received direct, but through Mr.
van Dnivenbode, and their locality was given by word, as they were unlabelled.
P. novaeguineae subtuberosus Hart. Originally described from Fergusson
Island. Differing in the small hump at the base of the culmen, and the generally
duller colour, especially the more brownish underside. The specimens from
the Kumusi River and Collingwood Bay mentioned in Nov. Zool. xix. pp. 204, 209
agree best with P. x. subtuberosus, and not with P. novaeguineae novaeguineae ; the
two from the Kumusi River might very well be united with P. ». subtuberosus, but
the two from Collingwood Bay have larger knobs than any from Fergusson Island,
though small for typical novaeguineae.
V 188. Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris Rothsch. & Hart.
Melirrhophetes belfordi griseirostris Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix. p. 34 (December
1911—Mt. Goliath, type No. 5353, A. S. Meek Coll.).
63,4 $5; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5098, 5148, 5161,
5222, 5248, 5298, 5325, 5353, 5354, 5455, A. S. Meek Coll.)
(515 )
“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet pale slaty-blue.”
This is a smaller form than IV. elfordi belfordi, with the beak pale slaty-blue,
instead of black. Wings of males 130-134, females 122-124 mm. Nearly all the
specimens, however, show some moult.
J 189. Melipotes gymnops goliathi Rothsch. & Hart.
Melipotes gymnops goliathi Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix. p. 34 (1911—Mt. Goliath,
type No. 5221, A. S. Meek Coll.).
5 9,3 2 ; Mt. Goliath, about 5000 ft., Jannary and February 1911. (Nos. 5086,
5142, 5189, 5221, 5341, 5363, 5364, 5458, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown ; bill black; feet slaty-blue.”
This form is nearest to If g. fumigatus A. B. Meyer, from British New
Guinea, but differs in having the hindneck and back deep brownish black, instead
of blackish olive, in having darker centres to the feathers of the breast, and being
slightly larger. The typical gymnops has a totally different underside. Wing in
the males up to 117, in the females 109-111 mm.
Vv 190. Timeliopsis fulvigula meyeri (Salvad.).
(Euthyrhynchus axct.).
[Buthyrhynchus fulvigula Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierkunde iv. p. 40 (1871—New Guinea. Types
from the Arfak region).]
Euthyrhynchus fulvigula meyeri, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 451.
3 3; Mt. Goliath, January, February 1911. (Nos. 5138, 5229, 5300,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris light yellowish brown, dull brownish yellow, pale chocolate ; bill dark
horn-colonr ; feet dull slaty-blue.”
These specimens agree with ours from British New Guinea, but we have no
examples from the Arfak region. Wings 77 to 79°5 mm.
Y 191. Ptilotis diops Salvad.
Ptilotis diops Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova xxxix, (ser, 2. vol, xix) p. 581 (1899 —“ Hab, in
Nova Guinea orientali-meridionali, ad ripas flaminis Purari ”).
3? ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 8. vii., 11. x. 1910. (Nos. 4317, 4976,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown ; bill black ; feet pale slaty-blue.”
We have also received a male from the Aicora River, near the frontier of
German New Guinea, in the utmost N.E. of British New Guinea.
192. Ptilotis erythropleura lorentzi Oort.
[Ptilotis erythropleura Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ, Genova vii. 1875. p. 949—Arfak.]
Ptilotis erythropleura lorentzi van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i, p, 95 (1909—Hellwig
Mountains).
Ptilotis praecipua nigritergum Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club xxix, p, 35 (January 1911—
Mt, Goliath),
36,2 9; Mt. Goliath, January 1911. (Nos. 5089, 5108, 5148, 5449, 5450,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
When describing P. praecipua nigritergqum we were not acquainted with
P. erythropleura from Artak, and thus it happened that we overlooked the fact
(518 )
that the new form had already been described by Dr. van Oort. Dr. van Oort has
compared our specimens with his series and finds them perfectly similar.
Thus P. erythropleura consists at present of three distinct subspecies :
1. Ptilotis erythropleura erythropleura Salvad.: Arfak.
2. Ptilotis erythropleura praecipua Hart.: Mountains of British New Guinea.
(Cf. Nor. Zool. 1897. p. 870, 1903. p. 4438.)
3. Ptilotis erythropleura lorentzi Oort: Hellwig and Goliath Mountains in
Central Dutch New Guinea.
“ Tris green ; bill black; feet slaty-blue.” Wings, ¢ 97-100, ? 87-90 mm.
/193. Ptilotis cinerea marmorata Sharpe.
CE£. Ptilotis cinerea, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 444.
3 ? ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., October, November 1910. (Nos. 4852, 4929,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
In 1903 we have shown that P. marmorata is the same species as P. cinerea,
but now, though we are badly in want of fresh material from the Arfak region,
we consider that two subspecies, P. cinerea cinerea and P. cinerea marmorata,
should be distinguished. he Arfak form is browner, less olive, on the upperside,
and the juvenile plumage is more uniform in the latter, a little more spotted in
P. ¢. marmorata.
/ 194. Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior Rothsch. & Hart.
Ptilotis chrysotis saturatior Rothschild & Hartert, Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 445 (Aru Islands).
Ptilotis chrysotis filigera van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool., livr. i, p. 97 (1909—Noord River,
Sabang, Alkmaar, Resi Mountains).
2 ; Upper Hilanden River, 7. iti. 1911. (No. 5496, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
35,1 2%; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4262, 4302, 4315, 4340,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
1 3, 2 ¢ ; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., September and October 1910. (Nos.
4722, 4819, 4908, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
We cannot separate these birds from P. c. saturatior of the Aru Islands, while
we find them distinctly browner than P. c. filigera, less greenish on the upperside,
especially the rump, darker on the crown and generally more uniform on the
underside. In the mountains of British New Guinea the species is represented by
P. chrysotis visi Hart.
J 195. Ptilotis aruensis aruensis Sharpe.
Ptilotis aruensis Sharpe, Zool. Coll. Alert p. 19 (1884—Arn).
Piilotis aruensis aruensis Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 442.
Ptilotis flavirictus van Oort (non Salvadori!) Nova G'uinea ix., Zool., livr. i. p. 96 (1909—
Noord River).
2 gd ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 9. vii, 9. viii. 1910, (Nos, 4333, 4486,
A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
These two skins agree perfectly with typical aruensis. We do not know why
Dr. van Oort preferred the name /lavirictus for P. aruensis. We have, through the
kindness of Dr. Gestro, been able to compare the type of P. flavirictus, which has
indeed nothing to do with P. aruensis, but which we consider to be merely
young P. analoga !
(517)
/ 196. Ptilotis analoga analoga Rchb.
Ptilotis analoga Reichenbach, Handb, spec. Orn. “ Meropinae,” p. 103. pl. 467 (1852—Ex “ Ptilotis
analogue ” Hombronand Jacquinot, Voy. Pole Sud, pl. xvii. Terra typica: ‘‘ W. coast of New
Guinea ”’).
Ptilotis analoga analoga Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 441.
“ @.” but obviously ?, the wing measuring only 76 mm.; Merauke, 4. vi. 1910
(A. 8. Meek Coll., without number).
o jun.; Snow Mountains, 2. ix. 1910. (No. 4698, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
Through the kindness of Professor Trouessart we have been able to compare
the type of the “ Ptilotis analogue,’ which is also the type of Ptélotis similis
Jacquinot and Pucheran, and of P. analoga Reichenbach, and we find it to agree
with the birds we used to call Ptilotis analoga. The wings of the males measure
apparently 80-87 and sometimes even 90 mm., those of the females 72-77 mm.
We say “ apparently,” as so many of our birds are evidently wrongly sexed, that
we had to correct the sexes in many cases, but in any case the wings vary from 72
to 87, and even 90 mm,
With these birds, the real P, analoga analoga, we used to unite the Cape York
bird, z.e. Gould’s P. notata, but this was not correct.
The Cape York Peninsula is inhabited by birds with much stouter beaks and
feet and an indistinctly streaked or mottled, not quite uniform, under-surface ; the
feathers have grey shaft-stripes. The wings measure: 80-87 mm., those with wings
of 80-82 evidently being females, those with 87 males. This is Gould’s P. notata,
and it must be kept separate, though we are by no means sure that it is a subspecies
of analoga, and it will be safer not to call it so at present.
Together with Ptilotis notata we find a smaller form, Gould’s P. gracilis,
which differs from P. notata by its smaller size, finer bill and feet, a uniferm under-
side and paler upper surface. The wings measure, ¢ 76, females 70-72 mm.
These birds must be a subspecies of P. analoga. They are, in fact, in some cases
almost indistingnishable, though it seems that they are generally paler on the
upperside, and never reach the size of adult males of P. analoga.
/ 197. Ptilotis mimikae Grant.
Ptilotis mimikae Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B. O. Club xxix. p. 27 (Mimika River, foot of Snow
Mountains),
3d, ?, $ immat. ; Snow Mountains, October 1919. (Nos. 4850, 4869, 4900,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
1d ad., 2 2 ad., 1 2 immat.; Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4294,
4332, 4356, 4357, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown or ashy grey ; bill black ; feet slaty-blue.”
These birds are curiously near to P. oréentalis A. B. Meyer, but differ by their
larger size and comparatively stouter and less elongated bills. The wings of our
adult males measure only 785 and 88 mm., while that of the (apparently excep-
tionally large) ¢ from the Upper Aroa River (cf. Nov. Zool. 1907, p. 482) has a
wing of 96 mm., but Mr. Ogilvie-Grant measures the wings of his male examples
81-91 mm.
We have also received two females from the Upper Setekwa River, 4. and 12. vii.
1910 (Nos. 4273 and 4345, A. 8. Meek Coll.). Both areapparently not quite adult.
They agree with the females of Ptilotis mimihkae in size, colour of upperside and
(518 )
wings, but are not quite so distinctly mottled underneath; this latter may be dune
to their immaturity. Both these birds have, however, the auricular patch and
subocular line white, instead of yellow. These specimens are probably aberrations of
P. mimikae. They do not have the heayy bills, brown outer webs to the primaries
and tail, and brownish upperside of Pcilotis montana, which appears to have always
white or whitish yellow auricular patches. We know, however, that among Péilotis
analoga sometimes aberrations with white, instead of yellow, auricular patches occur,
the so-called albonotata of Salvadori. We are, therefore, of opinion that the skins
Nos. 4273 and 4345 are aberrational Péilotis mimikae, and nothing else.
, 198. Ptilotis orientalis A. B. Meyer.
Ptilotis orientalis A, B. Meyer, Journ. f. Orn. 1894. p. 92 (S.E. New Guinea, exact locality not
known).
Piilotis analoga orientalis Rothsvhild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 441.
1 3, 2 % ; Snow Mountains, 2000 and 3000 feet, August and October 1910,
(Nos. 4639, 4893, 4910, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris light bluish grey, steel grey, light brown ; bill black; feet pale blue or
slaty blue.”
We had also a dozen skins from Avera and Bihagi on the Upper Aroa and
Mambare Rivers, which, by some oversight, were not mentioned in our lists in
Nov. Zool. 1907 and 1912.
The wings of the males measure 75—76°5, those of the females 695—
72 mm.
Formerly we thought that Ptilotes orientalis was a subspecies of Ptilotis
analoga, bat this idea was no doubt erroneous, as both species occur together in
several places, and the mottled underside, thin, comparatively elongated bill, and
small size, distinguish P. orentalis rather conspicuously.
{In Bull. B.O, Club xxix. p. 28, Mr. Ogilvie-Grant gave a short review of the
species of Ptilotis of the group similar to Ptilotis analoga. According to this
review it would appear that the status of these birds is exceedingly simple ; which,
however, is by no means the case. It is, nevertheless, trne that in many parts of
New Guinea, as in Queensland, a smaller species occurs side by side with a larger
one with stouter bill.
Thus we have in Queensland P. notata and P. gracilis, in the Snow
Mountains and parts of the mountains of British New Guinea P. mimikae and
P. orientalis, Among all our analoga from N.W. New Guinea, however, we have
not found specimens of the smaller form ; and also from the Ara Islands we have,
apart from P. arwensis, received only typical P. analoga, and the small specimens
from those isles which we have received we consider to be females of P. analoga,
which are, indeed, hardly distinguishable from the males of P. gracilis, though
generally a little darker. Dr. van Oort, however, gives Aru also as the habitat of
gracilis, Formerly we have treated P. notata as a subspecies of P. analoga, and
P. gracilis as a distinct species. We think now that this view, which is also so
far shared by Mr, Mathews, should be modified ; that P. gracilis should be treated
as a subspecies of analoga, and notata as another species. The reason for this is
that the stout bills, mottled (almost striped) underside and paler upper surface of
P. notata separate it well from P. analoga, while, on the other hand, P. gracilis is
hardly separable from analoga except by size, unless it be by its paler upperside.
=
egy =
ELE LAG ELLA LD EH
(519 )
We are now acquainted with the following forms of the species P. analoga and
its allied forms:
1. Ptilotis analoga analoga: New Guinea, Islands in the Geelvink Bay,
Batanta, Mysol, Waigin (teste Salvadori), Aru Islands (Wokam, Kobroor,
Trangan !).
2. Ptilotis analoga longirostris Grant (Ptilotis longirostris Ogilvie-Grant, Bull.
B.O. Club xxix. p. 27, November 1911, Wamma, Aru Islands, A. R. Wallace
Coll.). Mr. Ogilvie-Grant compared his P. longirostris with P. aruensis, but it is
not an ally of the latter. In fact, it is nothing but a P#lotis analoga with a longer
bill ; culmen 26 mm. from the forehead, which is only 2 mm. more than in many
P. a. analoga. As P. analoga with bill of the usual length oceurs on Wokam,
Kobroor, and Trangan, it is not very probable that the little island of Wamma
should have a specialised form, but it is, of course, possible. The unusual length
of the bill was already noticed on the label by Dr. Wallace, who, however, did not
at that time separate P. arwensis.
/ 3. Ptilotis (analoga?) gracilis Gould: North Queensland—I have already
given my reasons for considering that this must be a representative in North
Queensland of P. analoga. If it should be true that P. gracilis occurs side by side
with axaloga in New Guinea and Aru, it would be treated as another species, but I
am inclined to think that what Mr. Ogilvie-Grant and Dr. van Oort call P. gracilis
in New Guinea are small females of P. analoga analoga.
4, P. (analoga?) vicina Rothsch. & Hart., Nov. Zool. 1912, p. 203, described
from the Sudest Islands. This bird has the strong bill of notata and aruensis,
while the coloration of the underside and rump is exactly like that of P. analoga ;
the greyish forehead is quite peculiar.
5. Ptilotis notata Gould: North Queensland. See remarks anted.—Mr.
Mathews (Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 403) separates further a P. analoga mixta and
P. gracilis imitatrix which I cannot at present discuss; I am therefore awaiting
a fuller description and statement about the material on which these forms were
based.
6. P. orientalis A. B. Meyer: Mountains of British Papua and Snow Monun-
tains. See antei, No. 198.
7. P. mimikae Grant: the same distribution as P. ordentalis.
8. P. aruensis aruensis Sharpe: Aru Islands and Snow Mountains.
9. P. aruensis sharpei Rothsch. & Hart.: New Guinea. Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903,
p. 442.
10. P. montana: Dutch and German New Guinea, and Aicora River, in the
N.E. corner of British Papua, near the German frontier (Arfak, Kapaur, Sattel-
berg).— Ernst Hartert. |
» 199. Motacilla boarula melanope Pall.
{ Motacilla boarula Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum, p. 527 (1771—Habitat in Huropa. Restricted
terra typica: Sweden. Description only referable to this bird, but quotations and biologica
mixed). |
Motacilla Melanope Pallas, Reise d. versch. Prov, d. Russ, Reichs, iii, p. 696 (1776—“ In Daouria
cirea ripas glareosas”’).
53%; Upper Setekwa River, November 1911. (Nos. 4959, 4960, 4970, 4990,
5000, A. S. Meek Coll.)
7
(520 )
J = Dearne
200. Munia tristissima Wall.
Munia tristissima Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1865. p. 479 (N.W. Peninsula of New Guinea).
732; Upper Setekwa River, July and August 1910. (Nos. 4439, 4453, 4463,
4464, 4465, 4466, 4467, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris dark brown ; bill and feet slaty blue.”
We have also two skins from Dorey, one from the hills near Humboldt Bay,
and five from the Kumusi River in the northernmost part of north-eastern British
New Guinea.
J 201. Gymnocorvus senex (Less.).
C£. Nov, Zool. 1903. p. 91; van Oort, Nova Guinea, ix. i. p. 99.
6; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 3. xi.1910. (No. 4949, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris light blue; feet chalk white; bill flesh-colour.”
Vv 202. Phonygammus keraudrenii keraudrenii (Less. & Garn.).
Barita Keraudrenii Lesson and Garnier, Ferussac’s Bull. Sci. Nat. et Géol. viii. p. 110 (1826—New
Guinea ; terra typica Dorey); ef. Nov. Zool. 1903. pp. 86, 87; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix.
Zool. i. p. 104.
3 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 30. vii. 1910. (No. 4449, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
1 2 ad., 2 2 jun., 1 2 juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., August—October 1910,
(Nos. 4612, 4690, 4811, 4823, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3g ad.; Bilanden River, 16. xii. 1910. (No. 5075, A. S. Meek Coll.)
? juv.; Upper Hilanden River, 4. iii, 1911. (No. 5476, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 No. 5075 is slightly smaller than d 4449.
(Mr. Ogilvie-Grant records P. heraudrenii jamesi as obtained by the Good-
fellow expedition, but our specimens do uot belong to that form.)
A character hitherto not mentioned by us is the greater length and width of
the hackles on the neck and breast in P. h. james?.
| 203. Manucodia chalybata orientalis Salvad.
Cf. Nov, Zool, 1903. p. 85; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 103.
4 dad, 12 ad, 2 6,12 jun.; Snow Mountains, 2000, 2500, 3000 ft.,
August—November 1910. (Nos. 4559, 4597, 4856, 4937, 4952, 4958, 4603, 4716,
A. S. Meek Coll.)
204. Manucodia chalybata ?
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 15. xi.1910. (No. 5002, A. S. Meek Coll.)
This specimen is not quite adult, and differs from our immature examples
of MV. chalybata orientalis in the absence of the velvety terminal bars to the dorsal
feathers, thus giving the appearance of the back of Manucodia atra, though of —
a glossy purple, not greenish blue colour. Whether this is merely an abnormal
specimen, or a hybrid, cannot be decided from this single specimen.
[Manucodia jobiensis Salvadori was treated as a subspecies by one of us in the
Ibis, 1911, p. 367, but the Goodfellow expedition obtained both J. chalybata
orientalis and jobiensis at Pariman, therefore we must return to the former view,
that M. chalybata and jobiensis are good species, Cf. Tierreich, Paradiseidae, :
pp. 44, 45, and ov, Zool. 1903, p. 86. ]
( 521 )
/ 205. Manucodia atra atra (Less.).
Cf. Nov. Zovl. 1903. p. 84; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 104,
3? ad, % jun.; Upper Setekwa River, 14, 20. vii. 1910. (Nos. 4361, 4396,
4397, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
J 206. Paradisea apoda novaeguineae Alb. & Salvad.
Paradisea apoda var. novaeguineae @ Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus, Genova xiv. p. 96 (1879—
Fly River) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 103.
3d juv.,2 2 ad.; Upper Setekwa River, July to November 1910, (Nos. 4288,
4400, 4418, 4525, 4981, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
vs 207. Cicinnurus regius regius (L.).
Paradisea regia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. i, p. 10 (1758—“ India orient.” !) ; ef. van Oort, Nova
Guinea ix,, Zool, i. p. 102.
3? juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 15.ix.1910, 13. xi.1910. (Nos. 4548, 4988,
A. S. Meek Coll.)
¢ juv.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 11. x.1910. (No. 4813, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
208. Diphyllodes magnificus magnificus (Penn.).
Paradisea magnifica Pennant, in Forster’s Zool, Ind. p. 40 (1781—No definite locality) ; cf. van
Oort, Nova Guinea ix. i. p. 102.
2g ad.,1 ¢ juv., 3 2; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., July—October 1910.
(Nos. 4552, 4604, 4642, 4712, 4716, 4919, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The two adult males have the inner secondaries exactly alike and of a dull
orange, They agree thus fairly well with the brighter specimens of our series
of what we call typical magnificus. Males obtained by the Goodfellow expedition
are called chrysoptera by Mr. O.-Grant (t.c, p. 271). Typical chrysoptera from Jobi
are, however, much brighter and darker orange on the inner secondaries; in fact,
except for having fuscous instead of rufous brown crowns, they are quite comparable
with hunsteini.
Lesson’s name “ seleucides” appears on p. 16 of his “ Paradiseidae,” and
on the same page, under the genus Diphyllodes, he distinctly states that his genus
contains only a single species. Onp.191 Lesson calls the birds figured on plates 19
and 20 D. magnificus, while the same plates were quoted on p. 16 as D. seleucides.
It is therefore quite clear that the name sedeuctdes was only a new name for
magnificus ; and it is thus impossible to use the names magnificus and seleucides for
two different forms. Should it become necessary, when more material with exact
localities and dates comes to hand, to separate the birds with dull orange inner
secondaries from those with clay-coloured ones, the latter will have to receive
a new name,
?
7
209. Astrapia splendidissima Rothsch.
Astrapia splendidissima Rothschild, Nov. Zool. ii. p. 59. pl. 5 (1895).
The adult males differ from our trade-skins from Dutch New Guinea in the
following points :
/ The green of the head and neck above lacks the golden gloss and is more
Dluish. The throat and lower neck are more bluish and less golden; the metallic
34
( 522 )
red jugular band and line on each side of the throat are much more coppery,
less crimson, the green of the breast and abdomen is mnch less yellowish. These
differences, however, are not likely to be of any taxonomic value, as the colour —
of metallic parts varies much according to treatment—carbolic acid, for example,
altering them completely, also the process of roasting the skins over fire, which
is apparently resorted to by many Papuans.
2¢ad,4d juv., 6 2; Mount Goliath, not less than 5000 ft., January and
February 1911. (Nos, 5127, 5128, 5139, 5150, 5268, 5269, 5271, 5318, 5889, 5431,
5463, A. 8. Meek Coll., one without label.)
“Tris black ; bill black ; feet slaty-blue.”
’ 210, Faleinellus striatus atratus Rothsch, & Hart.
Faleinellus striatus atratus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool, 1911, p. 160 (Mt. Goliath, A. S. Meek
Coll., type in Tring Museum).
1g ad. 2¢ juv., 3 $ ad, 1 ¢ poll.; Mt. Goliath, January and February —
1911. (Nos. 5100, 5126, 5806, 5369, 5370, 5413, 5401, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
A second adult male has been presented by Mr, A. 8. Meek to the Governor-
General of the Dutch East Indies.
./ 211. Seleucides ignotus ignotus (Forst.).
Paradisea ignota Forster, Ind. Zool, pp. 31, 36 (1781—New Guinea) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix.
Zool. i, p. 101, :
3 juv.; Upper Setekwa River, 21. vii. 1910. — (No, 4403, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
6 ad. in moult, ¢ juyv.; Hilanden River, 15, 21. xii.1910. (Nos. 5072, 5084,
A. S. Meek Coll.)
212. Ptiloris magnificus (Vieill.).
Faleinellus magnificus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist, Nat. xxviii. p. 167. pl. G.39. fig. 3 (1819).
3? ad.; Upper Setekwa River, 29. vii., 2. vili. 1910. (Nos. 4448, 4468,
A. 8. Meek Coll.)
3 juv., 3 2 ad.; Snow Mountains, 2000-3000 ft., September to November 1910.
(Nos. 4695, 4719, 4823, 4950, A. S. Meek Coll.)
3 ad., dS juv.; Upper Hilanden River, 3.iii.1911. (Nos. 5471, 5472, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
213. Pteridophora alberti A. B. Meyer.
Pteridophora alberti A. B. Meyer, Bull, B.O. Club iv. p. 11 (1894— East of Ambernoh River,”
according to Mr. Duivenbode) ; van Oort, Notes Leyden Museum xxx, p. 241,
3 in full moult, with blue appendages only an inch long ; Mt. Goliath, 6,11, 1911.
(No. 5319, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris brown; bill black; feet dark brown.”
J 214, Lophorina superba minor Rams. (?).
Lophorina superba minor Ramsay, Proe. Linn. Soc. N, S. Wales x. p. 245 (1885—Owen Stanley
Mountains, Haustein leg.).
? juv.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., 19. x. 1910. (No. 4858, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris pale steel-blue ; bill black ; feet vandyke brown.”
This is the youngest Lophorina we have seen; the head is not black, but.
( 523 )
brown, and both crown and neck are spotted with pale yellow ; the underside is
brownish buff, not greyish white. The back is still less brown, a little more olive-
grey than in our youngest L. s. minor. It would, therefore, be most desirable to
examine adult males and females from this region, as there might exist small
differences from typical minor.
/
215. Parotia carolae carolae A. B. Meyer (?).
Parotia carolae A. B, Meyer, Bull, B. O. Club iv. p. 6 (1894—“ N.W, New Guinea,” but described
from trade-skins without locality) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 102.
2 2; Mt. Goliath, 6, 7. ii 1911. (Nos. 5317, 5326, A. S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris silvery and ashy grey; bill black ; feet black and dark brown.”
Until we have seen males from Mt. Goliath, we shall not be certain whether
these birds belong to P. c. carolae or berlepschi, but they are certainly more grey,
less olive, than our females of meek.
! 216, Parotia carolae meeki Rothsch.
Parotia carolae meeki Rothschild, Bull. B. O. Club xxvii. p. 35 (1910—Snow Mountains).
1 dad. 3 % ad, 3 ¢ imm.; Snow Mountains, 3000 ft., August to November,
1910. (Nos. 4558, 4610, 4846, 4896, 4913, 4914, 4951, A. S. Meek Coll.)
The iris of the adult male is described as “ lemon yellow.”
The old male after all differs from that of P. c. carolae only in having a black
chin, upper throat and cheeks.
Vo] 7. Paradigalla brevicauda Rothsch. & Hart.
Baradigalia brevicauda Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1911. p. 159 (Mt. Goliath, collected by
A.S. Meek. Type in Tring Museum) ; Rothschild, bis 1912. p. 109. pl. ii.
7d ad, 3d jun, 5d juv., 4 ¢ ad.; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft.
January and February 1911. (Nos. 5099, 5120, 5123, 5124, 5145, 5164, 5183, 5191,
4220, 5123, 5247, 5250, 5322, 5323, 5340, 5357, 5428, 5462, 5467, A. S. Meek
Coll.) ;
| 218. Loboparadisea sericea Rothsch.
Loboparadisea sericea Rothschild, Bull. B. O, Club vi, p. 15 (1896—* North coast of New Guinea”
—from hearsay, exact locality not known. Figured Nov. Zool. 1897, pl. 2).
3%; Mount Goliath, 29.1, 4,13. 11.1911. (Nos. 5235, 5299, 5375, A. S.
Meek Coll.)
“ Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.”
We have no donbt that these must be females of a Loboparadisea very closely
allied to L. sericea, and probably of the latter, but until males from Mt. Goliath are
examined, we cannot be absolutely certain. ‘There is no turned-up wattle as in the
male, but between the nostrils and the lores is an area of soft skin, and a narrow
line of feathers runs up from each nostril to the forehead. The colour from the
forehead to beyond the middle of the back is brownish olive (instead of yellowish
chestnut), lower back and ramp lemon-yellow with olive markings on the middle of
some feathers ; upper tail-coverts rufous-olive. Tail deep rafous-brown (instead of
bright rufons). Under-surface lemon instead of golden yellow. Wings 96-99 mm.,
while the wings of the four males now in the Tring Museum measure from 90 to 98 mm.
( 524 )
219. Loria loriae Salvad.
Loria loriae Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Genova, ser. 2 ; vol. xiv. p. 151 (1884—Moroka district, Owen
Stanley Mountains).
8 dad., 2d jun.,4 d juv., 8 2 ad.,2 2 jun.; Mt. Goliath, not less than 5000 ft.,
Jannary and February 1911. (Nos. 5090, 5114, 5125, 5149, 5234, 5256, 5272, 5283,
5291, 5305, 5316, 5327, 53828, 5335, 5336, 5337, 5359, 5372, 5401, 5402, 5430, 5456,
5457, 5467, A. S. Meek Coll.)
6 ad.: “ Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.” (Females similar.)
V [220. Xanthomelus aureus ardens D’Alb. & Salvad.
Xanthomelus ardens D?Albertis and Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova xiv. p. 113 (1879—Fly
River) ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 100, pl. iii, (1909—Sabang).
Meek failed to secure this bird either on the Oetakwa, Setekwa, or Hilanden
Rivers. Up to the year 1907—so for twenty-eight years—this very fine form was
only known from the mutilated type, a native skin wanting the whole under-surface
throat and cheeks, and the perfect young male killed by D’Albertis. In 1907
Dr. H. A. Lorentz, when exploring the Noord River in 8.W. Dutch New Guinea,
was able to collect two adult males, which at once showed by their red (not black)
cheeks and the absence of the black on the throat that the form was much more
distinct from X. aureus aureus than we had hitherto thought. In 1910-11 the
B. O. U. Expedition under Mr. Goodfellow procured seven specimens on the
Waitakwa River, an affluent—like the Setekwa—of the Oetakwa River. Of these
/ three were adult males, one an adult female, and three immature males.
The adult male, which on the upperside agrees with the type, has the
secondaries more narrowly (half-inch) tipped with black and a single black spot at
the end of the longest tertial ; the second male has the two longest tertials three-
parts black and the secondaries broadly tipped with black; but the third male,
while having the secondaries and tertials as in No. 1, has black lores and a black
patch on each side of the throat, and the bill also is larger and blacker.
The male of X. a. ardens differs from aureus aureus by the more slender
and not blackish bill by the head and mantle being fiery red instead of orange,
and by having all the secondaries broadly tipped with black, instead of a narrow
black terminal line on the outer three, or narrow black tips only to the outer
four or five ; the throat is yellow and the lores and cheeks fiery red instead of deep
black. The females and young males differ in being much more olivaceous grey-
brown, not deep umber-brown on the upperside ; the throat is white cinnamon-buff
and the cheeks and sides of neck greyish earth-brown, instead of pale and dark
umber-brown ; on the upper breast the transverse lunulated bands are much less
pronounced or entirely absent instead of being strongly marked.
The black lores and throat-patches in the third adult male of Mr. Goodfellow
show that I was quite right in placing X. ardens as a subspecies of X. aureus aureus.
I fee] that the followers of the more modern systems of nomenclature must make a
stand against the tendency of certain authors to continue to treat as species all the
forms of fine brilliant families like the Paradiseidae and only to treat allied forms
of inconspicuous families as subspecies. The genus Xanthomelus has not yet been
found in German New Guinea nor in the North Coast Region. The figure of the
adult male of X. a. ardens in Sharpe’s Monograph of the Paradiseidae is entirely
fictitious as regards the underside.— Walter Rothschild. ]
© PR a Ei ha ok te
ll deel od.’
italien eae
(525 )
221. Amblyornis inornatus musgravii Goodwin.
[Ptilonorhynchus inornatus Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 51 (1873—Arfak).]
Amblyornis musgravii Goodwin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889. p. 451 (Mt. Musgrave; attempt to
diagnose).
Amblyornis musgravianus Goodwin, vis, 1890. p. 153 (Mount Musgrave).
Amblyornis macgregoriae de Vis, Report on British New Guinea 1888-89, App. C. pp. 113, 115
(1890—Mount Musgrave).
? ad. ; Snow Mountains, 23. x. 1910. (No. 4876, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
36,6 2 ad.; Mt. Goliath, January and February 1911. (Nos. 5096, 5113,
5259, 5260, 5331, 5373, 5879, 5468, 5469, A. S. Meek Coll.)
6 ad: “Tris dark brown; bill black above, horn-colour beneath ; feet dark
slate.”
When one of us wrote the Paradiseidae, in No. 2 of the Tierreich, he united the
form from British New Guinea with the typical A. 7vornatus from Arfak, the adult
male of which was unknown till 1894. He did this on the comparison of the orange
erests as, at the time, the small number of specimens available made the more
tufous shade of the Arfak birds appear a doubtful character. As we now have ten
adult males and eight males withont crests and females from the Arfak region, and
fifteen adult.males and fourteen females or males without crests from British New
Guinea, the Snow Mountains and Mt. Goliath for comparison, it is clear that the
Arfak birds have a decidedly more rufous tinge above and below, while those from
the other localities are more olive above and duller below. Therefore we are of the
opinion that these forms should be separated as subspecies.
Tn October 1910 Amblyornis subalaris germanus from the Rawlinson Mountains
was described (Bull. B. O. Club, xxvii. p. 13). The chief reason for treating it as
a subspecies of A, swhalaris was the small size and an imperfect and distorted crest
ofa male. Later on we received a full-plumaged male, which distinctly proves that
germanus is a form of A. inornata and not of subalaris, being distinguished from
A. inornata musgravii by its still more accentuated olive shade as well as its small
size.
Thus the genus Amélyornis consists now of the following forms :
1. Amblyornis subalaris Sharpe: British New Guinea.
2. 5 flavifrons Rothsch.: Dutch New Guinea.
3. inornatus inornatus (Schleg.) : Arfak Peninsula.
4, . inornatus musgravii Goodwin: Central Dutch and British New
Guinea, as far north as Mt. Batchelor on the British frontier of German New Guinea
(dad. in the Munich Mnseum examined, for the loan of which we are obliged to
Mr. Hellmayr).
5, Amblyornis inornatus germanus Rothsch. : Rawlinson Mountains, Huon Gulf,
German New Guinea.
J 222. Ailuroedus melanotis melanocephalus Rams.
Aeluroedus melanocephalus Ramsay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, viii. p, 25 (1883—Owen Stanley
Range).
23, 42%; Snow Mountains, 2000 to 3000 ft., August to November 1910.
(Nos. 4577, 4601, 4650, 4727, 4854, 4948, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
“Tris red ; feet and bill pale slaty-blue.”
( 526 )
223. Ailuroedus buccoides buccoides (Temm.).
Kitta buccoides Temminck, Pl. Col. 575 (1835—Lobo Bay).
Ailuroedus buccoides v. Oort, Nova Guinea ix., Zool. i. p. 99 (1909—Noord River, Sabang,
Alkmaar).
3 ; Upper Setekwa River, 4. vii. 1910 (No. 4272, A. S. Meek Coll.)
23; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 3. ix. 1910, 9. x. 1910. (Nos. 4705, 4807,
A.S. Meek Coll.)
9 ; Upper Eilanden River, 3. iii. 1911. (No. 5470, A. 8. Meek Coll.)
“Tris red ; bill and feet pale blue.” 4
It has remained for Dr. van Oort, with the aid of Temminck’s type and
the specimens collected by Dr. H. A. Lorentz, to discover that the “Cat-Birds ”
hitherto identified as the “ Attta buccoides” of Temminck are not that form. The
true Az. buccoides buccoides is evidently confined to the coasts and hinterland of
Southern Dutch New Guinea ; it differs from the birds of North-west New Guinea
and adjacent islands by its much smaller beak, deeper brownish buff underside, and
somewhat smaller black spots, though the latter are not nearly so small as in A?.
buccoides stonii, and extend over the sides of abdomen and flanks; the crown of the
head is apparently never so deep brown as in adalt stoniz.
The result of this discovery of Dr. van Oort’s, which is strikingly confirmed by
our specimens, is, that A?. buccoides auctoram from N.W. Guinea and adjacent
islands is without a name. We propose to call it
Ailuroedus buccoides oorti
after Dr. van Oort of Leiden.
Type: “2°; Waigiu, 24. xii. 1902, John Waterstradt Coll. in the Tring
Museum.
In Pygmies and Papuans, p. 273, Mr. Ogilvie-Grant named specimens collected
by the Goodfellow expedition “ Atluroedus stonei” ; this was evidently caused by the
dark underside of the specimens as compared with our Az. 4. oorti.
J 224, Oriolus striatus Quoy & Gaim.
Oriolus striatus Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe i. p. 191, pl. ix. fig. 2(1830—Dorey, New Guinea) ;
ef, Nov. Zool. 1903. p, 111.
3 3; Upper Setekwa River, August, September, November 1910. (Nos. 4977,
4546, 4481, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
3 ; Upper Hilanden River, 4. iii. 1911. (No. 5478, A. S. Meek Coll.)
xf 225. Melanopyrrhus anais orientalis (Schleg.).
Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 113; v. Oort, Nova Guinea ix. Zool. livr, i, p. 106.
14,3 2 ad.,1 ? juv.; Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos.
4203, 4204, 4205, 4214, 4995, A. S. Meek Coll.)
1 d ad. : Upper Setekwa River, 14, xi. 1910. (No. 4994, A. S. Meek Coll.)
All the adult specimens have entirely orange-yellow crowns, while out of the
seventeen specimens mentioned in Vor. Zool. 1903. p. 113, only four have the crown
entirely orange-yellow, and these are all from Southern British New Guinea.
Although we have three specimens from British New Guinea with more or less
black on the occiput, should it be proved that the birds found north of the central
(527 )
mountain ranges always have black on the occiput, that form would have to be
called M. anais robertson’ VAlb. (Sydney Mail 1877. p. 247—1#este Salvadori,
Orn. Pap. ii. p. 463 !)
226. Mino dumontii Less.
‘Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 113.
?.; Snow Mountains, 2000 ft., 30. ix. 1919. (No. 4757, A. S. Meek Coll.)
g 5 3 2 ; Lower and Upper Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos.
4231, 4986, 4996, 5008, 5029, A. 8S. Meek Coll.)
Comparing these specimens with a series from North-Western New Guinea
(terra typica Dorey, Arfak), they are found to agree fairly well with the latter ;
their wings range from 140 to 150 mm., the females being smaller than the males ;
also Aru specimens agree fairly well with them, though their beaks are sometimes
yery small. There are, however, a number of specimens from Northern German
New Guinea (Friedrich-Wilhelm-Hafen) in the Tring Museum, which have
enormous bills, and wings from 150 to 160 mm. We would separate these, were
it not for one skin, which is quite small. We therefore prefer to await the
examination of a bigger series of well-sexed specimens, before creating a new name,
though we are certain that this will have to be done before long.
Al 227. Lamprocorax metallicus metallicus (Temm.).
(Calornis metallicus metallicus auct.)
Of, Nov. Zool. 1903. p. 114; 1912. p. 311.
5 6 ? ad., 1 3 juv.; Lower Setekwa River, June and November 1910. (Nos.
4183, 4185, 5012, 5018, 5019, 5020, A. S. Meek Coll.)
| 228. Dicrurus bracteatus assimilis Gray.
Of. Nov. Zool. 1903. pp. 109. 110 ; van Oort, Nova Guinea ix. Zool. i. p. 105.
63 %53 Upper Setekwa River, July 1910. (Nos. 4274, 4311, 4319, 4824, 4342,
4352, A. S. Meek Coll.)
These specimens, like those recorded by Dr. van Oort from the Noord River,
Sabang, and other places, agree well with the Aru birds. Their wings measure
140 (2) to 150 (3) mm.
Vv 229, Chaetorhynchus papuensis Mey.
Cf. Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 110.
5 3,12; Snow Mountains, 2000 to 3000 ft., July, August, October 1910.
(Nos. 4554, 4561, 4568, 4571, 4572, 4865, A. S. Meek Coll.)
These specimens are quite typical, except that they possibly average smaller
than the Arfak race (terra typica Arfak!), but our Arfak material is too poor to
come to a conclusion about this fact. The wings of the Snow Mountains examples
measure 117-120°5 (males) and 109 (female) mm.
The specimens from British New Guinea are equally small, and—if separable—
would belong to the same race.
( 588 )
STPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. ROBIN KEMP IN
TROPICAL AFRICA.
By Dr. K: JORDAN anv tar Hon. N. CHARLES ROTHSCHILD, M.A.
R. ROBIN KEMP collected mammals during the years 1910-11 in British
Kast Africa, Uganda, and the adjoining district of the Belgian Congo, and
sent us a large collection of parasites which he had secured from some of his
mammal captures. No real collection of the Ectoparasites of this district had
previously been made, so it is not surprising that the present collection contains
many interesting forms and new species.
Mr. Kemp secured thirty-nine species of Siphonaptera in all, of which twenty-
one are new. Several of these new species have been found on mammals with
fossorial habits, and their study has greatly assisted to correct the classification of
certain groups of fleas.
In the present paper we have separated some genera from Ctenophthalmus and
Leptopsylla, as a result of the investigation of certain of the species received from
Mr. Kemp.
Mr. Kemp’s collection comprises two new species of the genus Ctenocephalus
allied to the common dog-flea, These two—together with zollastoni and rosmarus,
also species from the Ethiopian region—are all the known members of the genus
Ctenocephalus (apart from canis and felis), and indicate that Africa is the real
home of this genus of fleas. Apart from the common C?. canis and felis, no
member of this genus is known from any country other than Africa.
In the case of two of the genera we have enumerated all the species known
from the Ethiopian region.
1. Echidnophaga larina Jord. & Roths. (1906).
Echidnophaga larina Jordan and Rothschild, in Thomps. Yates and Johnst. Labor, Rept. vii. 1.
p. 49. no. 3. t. 1. fig. 12, t. 2. fig. 18, t. 3. fig. 25 (1906) (Cape Colony, Somaliland, Abyssinia).
1 ? from Basso Nyiro, British Hast Africa, January 31, 1911.
4 2% from Masaka, Uganda, April 2, 1911, off a domestic dog.
2. Echidnophaga gallinaceus Westw. (1875).
Sarcopsyllus gallinaceus, Westwood, Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 246 (1875) (Ceylon).
Echidnophaga gallinaceus, Jord. & Roths., l.c., p. 52, no. 5. t. 1. fig. 1, t. 2. fig. 14, t. 3. fig, 21, 6. 4
fig. 27 (1906) (tropical and subtropical districts of Asia and Africa, and Southern U.S.A.),
3 2% from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 12, 1910, off Mus rattus.
1 g from Nakuru, British East Africa, September 23, 1910, off Herpestes spec.
3. Echidnophaga aethiops Jord. & Roths. (1906).
Echidnophaga aethiops Jordan and Rothschild, /.c. p. 51. no. 4 (1906) (Namaqualand).
1 ¢ from Voi, British Hast Africa, April 13, 1910, off a bat.
The second segment of the maxillary pulpus is not quite so short in this
specimen as in the type, bat is nevertheless shorter than in 2. gallinaceus. The
hindcoxa, moreover, bears a larger number of spiniform bristles than the type
specimen. £. aethiops appears to be close to £. murina Tirab. (1903), which occurs
on rats in Italy.
|
|
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{
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es
(529 )
4. Pulex irritans L. (1758).
Pulex irritans Linué, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 614. no. 1 (1758) (partim) ; Jord. & Roths., /.c. p. 7.
no. 1 (1906).
1 ? from the Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa; no host given.
1 ¢ from Gazi, British East Africa, August 12, 1910 ; caught in grass.
5. Xenopsylla somalicus Jord. & Roths. (1908).
Loemopsylla somalicus Jordan and Rothschild, Parasitology i. p. 37. no. 2. t. 3. fig, 8 (1908) (South
Somaliland).
The hindtibia bears usually one, occasionally two bristles on the outer surface,
but never a series, as in X. pallidus Tasch. (1880).
1 d and 1 ? from Voi, British East Africa, May 14, 1910.
1 d and 4 2? from Eusso Nyiro, British East Africa, January 28 and 29,
1911.
17 3 and 21 ¢? from Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro, January 30, 1911.
494 and6 $ ? from Husso Nyiro, February 3, 1911.
Host: Xerus dabagala rufifrons, a squirrel.
6. Kenopsylla cheopis Roths. (1904).
Pulex cheopis Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2). xiv. p. 85. no. 4. t. 1. fig. 3, 9, t. 2. fig. 12, 19 (1903)
(Shendi).
Loemopsylla cheopis, Jordan and Rothschild, Parasitology i. p. 4. no. 6. t. 1, t. 2. fig. 8, t. 4. fig. 8,
t. 6. fig. 1 (1908).
1 ? from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 10, 1910, off Paraxerus aruscensis.
1 3 and 20 ? ? from Nakura, British East Africa, September 22 and 24, 1910,
off Tachyoryctes spec.
2 $3 from Entebbe, Uganda, March 20, 1911, off the common brown rat.
2 gS and 1 2 from Rumrati, British Hast Africa, September 27, 1910, off
Arvicanthis massaicus.
1 3 from Basso Nyiro, British Hast Africa, January 24, 1911, off Thamnomys
spec. ;
.
7. Kenopsylla nubicus Roths. (1903).
Pulex nubicus Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2). xiv. p. 84. no. 2, t. 2, fig. 10.16 (1903) (Shendi).
Loemopsylla nubicus, Jordan and Rothschild, /.c. p. 46. no. 8. t. 3. fig. 6, t. 4. fig. 6 (1908).
Xenopsylla nubicus, iid., Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 64. no. 5. text-fig. 1 (1911).
1 ? from Voi, British East Africa, April 16, 1910, off Tatera osgood?.
1 3 from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 26, 1910, off desert-rat.
8. Xenopsylla brasiliensis Baker (1904).
Pulex brasiliensis Baker, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. p. 379 (1904) (Siio Paulo).
Loemopsylla vigetus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xvi. p. 53. no. 1, t. 8. fig. 3. 4. (L909) (Niger).
Xenopsylla brasiliensis, Jordan & Rothschild, l.c. xviii. p..65. no, 6. text-fig. 4 (1911).
1 2 from Voi, British East Africa, April 12 and 16, 1910, off Tatera osgood?.
1d and 4 2? from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 12 and 24, 1910, off rats.
1% from Shimbo Hills, British Hast Africa, July 21, 1910, off Arvicanthis
dorsalis phocotis.
1d and 1 ? from Gazi, British East Africa, Angust 20, 1910, off Paraxerus
ATUBCENSLS.
( 530 )
13 from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 6, 1911, off Oenomys spec.
1g and 1 ? from Kigezi, Uganda, April 12, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus
rubescens.
1 2 from Naivasha, British East Africa, September 17, 1911, off the same host.
9. Xenopsylla niloticus Jord. & Roths. (1908) (text-figs. 1 and 2).
Loemopsylla niloticus Jordan and Rothschild, Parasitology i. p. 50. no, 12. t. 5, fig. 3(1908) (Upper
Egypt and Sudan).
The present series of specimens has drawn our attention to a rather striking
distinction of this species which we did not mention in our original description.
The eye of X. niloticus (text-fig. 1) is much smaller than in the allied species, even
being vestigial on one side of the head in one of the specimens obtained by
Mr. Kemp.
The genitalia of the ¢ ¢ appear to vary to some extent. The “finger”
is so much longer in one of the specimens than in the others that we thought
at the first the individual belonged to a distinct species. But as the specimen,
in other respects, has all the characteristics of X. nzloticus, we are inclined to
Fic. 1.—Head of Xenopsylla niloticus 8, Fic. 2.—Receptaculum seminis of X, niloticus,
consider it as an abnormal individual. The ninth abdominal sternite of the 3 also
varies, being broader at the apex in some examples than in others.
The receptaculum seminis has a very characteristic shape (text-fig. 2, taken,
like fig. 1, from a Sudanese specimen».
A series of both sexes from :
Voi, British Hast Africa, April 10 and 18, 1910, off Yatera mombasae and
Tatera nigricauda.
Kilimanjaro, May 12 to 16, 1910, off Tatera nigricauda.
Mt. Kenia, December 6, 1910, off Oenomys bacchante.
Nyama Nyango, Husso Nyiro, February 3, 1911, off Zatera nigricauda nyama.
10. Xenopsylla isidis Roths. (1903).
Pulex isidis Rothschild, Nov, Zool. x. p. 313, no, 2. t. 5. fig. 2. 5. 6 8 (1903) (Harar).
Loemopsylla isidis, Jordan & Rothschild, Parasitology i, p, 56. no. 16. t, 2. fig. 16, t. 4, fig. 11, t. 6.
fig. 3 (1908),
Xenopsylla isidis, iid., Mov. Zool. xviii. p. 65. no. 7 (1911).
43 and4 2 ? from Mt. Elgon, British East Africa, off Procavia daemon.
This is a new locality for the species.
( 531 )
11. Ctenocephalus conversus spec. nov. (text-figs. 3, 4, and 5).
3%. Mr. Kemp obtained both sexes of a species very closely allied to
Ct. wollastoni Roths. (1908), described from two do collected by Dr. A. F. R.
Fig, 3.—Ct. conversus 3.
Wollaston on the Ruwenzori Mts. The new species differs from wollastoni in the
genal comb only containing seven to nine spines instead of ten or eleven, and in
the shape and armature of the modified abdominal segments.
Fic. 4.—Ctenocephalus conversus.
3. The eighth sternite is less evenly rounded at the apex than in C7. wollaston:,
and bears a subapical row of four long and two shorter bristles (on each side)
( 532 )
besides two or three small ventral bristles (text-fig. 4). The large movable flap
of the clasper (F) is three times as long as it is broad at the widest point
(45 : 14), being longer and a little narrower than in wollastoni. The long
bristles situated on this flap are slightly less numerous than in wollastoni, and
the small bristles, of which there are ten to twelve in the middle area near the
dorsal margin on the inner surface of the flap in ewollastoni, are replaced in the
new species by two to four slender bristles. The ninth sternite, which is rounded
at the apex of the ventral arm in woldastoni, has this apex rounded dorsally,
but angulate ventrally in the new species (IX. st.). Moreover, the bristles on
this segment are much less numerous than in wollastoni.
?. The dilated ventral portion of the eighth tergite (text-fig. 5, VIII. t.) is
divided by a round apical sinus into a pointed upper lobe and a broader and
rounded lower one. The upper portion of this ventral lobe is internally incrassate,
and bears at the apical margin five thin bristles, of which two are short, and
near the margin on the outer surface a transverse row of four long ones. The
Vill.st.
Fie. 5.—Ctenocephalus conversus.
segment has, in addition, three bristles more proximal and more ventral in
position, and one long one further up the side. The eighth sternite, which
is small and elongate, does not bear any bristles. The stylet is very slender, —
conical, being four times as long as it is broad at the base. The receptaculum
seminis (R.S.) has a globular head, which is shorter than the tail.
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°6 mm, ¢ 3°3 mm.
1 J (type) from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, March 15,
1910, off Lophuromys testudo.
1 ? from Mutaragwa, March 17, 1910, off Dendrohyrax crawshay?.
1¢ from Mutaragwa, March 23, 1910, off Genetta stuhlmanni.
12. Ctenocephalus craterus spec. nov. (text-figs. 6, 7, and 8).
3%. A most interesting species, which connects the preceding one with
Ct. canis and felis. In the high head, the position of the eye, the length of the
maxillary and labial palpi, and the size of the antennae, Ct. craterus resembles
Ct. wollastoni and conversus, but it agrees with Ct. canis and felis in the position
~
( 533 )
and greater length of the genal spines, the presence of a spine at the apex of the
genal process, and the structure of the modified abdominal sezments.
Head.—The frons is not quite so abruptly rounded as in Ct. wollastoni and
conversus, but much the greater part of the anterior margin is nevertheless vertical
(do, text-fig. 6) or subvertical (?). An internal incrassation extends from the
oral frontal corner obliquely upward as in Ct. felis and canis, being, however,
much shorter in the ¢ of craterus than in those species. ‘The eye is well removed
from the genal comb, being placed at two-fifths of the distance from the comb to the
vertex. There are two long bristles on the frons, one before the eye and the other
near the oral frontal corner. The comb commences at this corner as in can/s and felis,
and consists of seven (rarely six) long and sharply pointed spines. The occiput
bears one long bristle behind the base of the antennal groove, a long and a short
one in the middle, and a row of four (on each side) near the apex. The ? has no
Fic. 6.—Ctenocephalus craterus 8.
small bristles above the antennal groove, while the d has here a row of about
fifteen. The rostrum reaches to the apical fourth of the forecoxa, the first segment
of the labial palpi being at least half as long again as segments 2 and 3 together.
Thorax.—The pronotum has a comb of sixteen to eighteen pointed spines, the
dorsal spines being slightly depressed. There is one row of bristles, containing
twelve on the two sides together, on all three thoracic nota. The mesonotum, in
addition, bears many small bristles at the base, arranged in one row laterally and
in several irregular rows dorsally, these bristles occurring dorsally in both sexes
from the base to near the row of long bristles. The mesopleura have six or seven
bristles, of which the one placed above the stigma is very long. The metepisternum
has one or two bristles (usually two) and the metepimeram twelve to sixteen in
two rows (6, 6—or 7, 6—or 8, 7—or 8, 8).
Abdomen.—In the ¢ the stigmata are as large as in the 3 of canis, being
slightly smaller in the d. ‘The tergites of ¢ and % bear one row of bristles con-
( 534 )
taining (on the two sides together) on the anterior segments ten to twelve and on
the posterior ones eight to ten bristles, the first tergite, however, having two rows
of four bristles. The antepygidial bristle is a very little shorter than the second
hindtarsal segment. The sternites have few bristles in both sexes, the numbers
being two to four in the d and three or four (rarely five) in the ?, segment VII. of
the ? usually having one or two more bristles than the preceding segments.
Legs.—The coxae are similar in shape to those of Cz. felis and canis. The
hindcoxa bears eleven to fifteen stout short spiniform bristles on the inner surface
and three bristles on the posterior apical lobe. The hindfemur has two subapical
ventral bristles on the outside and a row of three to five on the inner surface. The
hindtibia has five dorsal notches, exclusive of the apical one, and on the outer
surface a row of eight to ten bristles, besides six to eight placed along the anterior
edge. The longest apical bristle of the first hindtarsal segment often reaches to
the apex of the second segment, and the corresponding bristle of the second segment
mM,
Fic. 7.—Ctenocephalus eraterus.
frequently extends to the apex of the fourth. The measurements of the mid- and
hindtarsi are as follows :
Midtarsus: ¢ 21, 28, 18, 11,31; ? 27, 34, 20, 13, 35.
Hindtarsus: 3 59, 33, 21, 14, 33; 2 67, 39, 238, 16, 38.
The proportions vary a good deal in the specimens of different size.
Modified Segments—é. The eighth sternite (text-fig. 7) has an oblique sub-
apical row of three or four bristles and one ventral bristle, besides some minute
hairs. The internal portion of the ninth tergite is broader than long, being truncate,
with the upper angle about 90° and the lower angle very strongly rounded (IX. t.).
The manubrium (M) and the two flaps of the clasper bear a remarkably close
resemblance to these organs of Ct. canis. The bristles on the outer surface of the
large flap F! are more numerous and the small flap F’ is narrower than in canis.
The outline of the distal portion of the ninth sternite is so much obscured in the
specimen from which the figare is taken that we cannot make it out clearly——
9. The eighth tergite, which has no bristles above the stigma, bears from eight
( 585 )
to fourteen lateral bristles and on the outer side an apical row of eight or nine,
rarely as few as six, while there are on the inside three apical bristles and eight
somewhat stouter subapical ones. The stylet is strongly conical, being two and
a half times as long as it is broad at the base. The bristles of the anal sternite
are apical and subapical, as in canis and felis. The head of the receptaculum
~sVIILst.
Fic. 8.—Ctenocephalus craterus.
seminis (R.S.) is much shorter than the tail ; it is widest proximally and incurved
dorsally at a short distance from the tail.
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°10 mm., ? 2-9 to 3°6 mm.
8 dd and 29 ?? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa,
March 15-17, 1910, off Dendrohyrax crawshayi.
1 ? from Mutaragwa, March 23, 1910, off Genette stuhlmanni.
- 1? from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., February 27, 1910, off Arvicanthis
pumila,
The trne host appears to be Dendrohyrax crawshayi.
13. Ctenocephalus canis Curtis (1826).
Pulex canis Curtis, Brit, Ent. iii, No. 114. figs. A-E and 8 (1826) ; Roths., /.c. (1905).
63¢ and 13 ?? from Voi, British East Africa, April 27, 1910, off Canis
lateralis.
93d and 12 2 ? from Taveta, Kilimanjaro, May 5, 1910, off Lepus spec.
11 3¢ and 22 22 from Rumrati, British Hast Africa, October and November
1910, off Luxerus erythropus.
236 and 2 $$ from Rumrati, off Lpimys jacksoni.
( 536 )
14. Ctenocephalus felis Bonché (1835).
Pulex felix Bouché, Nova Acta Ac. Leop, Carol. xvii. p. 505. No. 4 (1835) ; Roths., Nov. Zool. xii.
p. 192 (1905) (differences between canis and felis).
3 3¢ from Eusso Nyiro, British East Africa, January 30,1910, off Tachyoryctes
ruddi.
5 6d and 12 $2 from Voi, from British East Africa, April 16, 1910, off
Mungos ichneumon funestus.
3 3S and 16 ? from Rumruti, British East Africa, October 20 and 27, 1910,
off Lepus victoriae. ;
6 83 and 11 ?? from Rumrnuti, British East Africa, October 1910, off
Dendrohyrax crawshayi.
1 3 from Rumrnti, off Luxerus.erythropus.
3 22 from Masaka, Uganda, April 2, 1911, off domestic dog.
1 ? from Kagamba, Uganda, July 14, 1911, off man.
Also long series taken at Mombasa from the blankets and beds of natives,
July 6, 1910, at Mazeras, British Hast Africa, off a negro and goats on July 3
and 4, 1910, and on the ground in a Masai Kraal at Laikipia, British East Africa,
October 25, 1910.
15. Ceratophyllus incisus spec. nov. (text-fig. 9).
?. Mr. Kemp collected a number of specimens of a species of Ceratophyllus, all
2%, which agrees well with C. fasciatus except in the smaller number of bristles
Fie. 9.—Ceratophylius incisus.
on the abdominal sternites and in the shape of the seventh sternite. As in fasciatus,
the rostrum reaches to the trochanter, the occiput bears one median bristle, not two,
and the forefemur a number of small bristles on the onter surface. The comb con-
sists of nineteen to twenty-two teeth. The bristles number six to eight on the
sternites of the third to sixth abdominal segment on the two sides together, and on the
seventh sternite eight to thirteen. This sternite is divided by a narrow sinus of
slightly variable depth into a rounded-triangular upper lobe and a broader truncate
( 587 )
lower one, the segment being more strongly chitinised around the sinus than
elsewhere. The eighth tergite has two long bristles below the stigma accompanied
by a minute hair, two or three at the apical margin and eight or nine further
proximally; on the inside the segment has one apical bristle and a subapical row
of three, all short, but almost as stout as the long bristles of the outer surface. The
receptaculum seminis resembles that of C. fasciatus ; the tail narrows perceptibly
towards the apex and the head is reticulated on the outer surface,
2 29 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, February 25,
1910, off Oenomys bacchante ; type.
14 ?2 from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 1 to 14, 1910, off Thamnomys
ibeanus, Lophuromys zena, and Graphiurus microtis saturatus.
1 ? from Aberdare Mts., March 1910, off Cryptolopha mackenziana.
1 ? from Buhamba, Congo, June 4, 1911, off Thamnomys dryas.
16. Ceratophyllus infestus Roths. (3908) (text-figs. 10 and 11).
Ceratophyllus infestus Rothschild, in Sjéstedt, Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., Siphonaptera, p. 4. t, 1.
fig. 6. 7 (1908) (Kibonoto).
As the original figures of C. infestus have slightly suffered in reproduction, we
take the opportunity of supplementing them with two additional figures taken from
the type (d) and a paratype (?). The genitalia vary slightly in detail, The type
. Fic, 10.—Ceratophyllus infestus. Fig. 11.
bears a small hair below the long bristle of the clasper on one side of the body, but
not on the other, This hair is absent from the examples collected by Mr. Kemp.
The receptaculum seminis (text-fig. 11) is remarkable for its slender shape and pro-
jecting mouth.
7 2 trom Mt. Kenia, December 2, 1910, off a squirrel, Heliosciurus keniae.
17. Pygiopsylla afer Roths. (1908).
Pygiopaylla afer Rothschild, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. p, 618. no, 1. t, 29, fig. 7,8 (1908) (Angola).
1 ? from Kagamba, Uganda, July 14, 1911, off Dasymys medius.
35
( 538 )
Xiphiopsylla gen. nov.
3%. The bristles of the head, pro- and mesonotum small, those of the post-
median row on the abdominal segments and metanotum long, generally of nearly
the same width to near the tip, or even slightly widened distally, the tip not drawn
out into a long thin point, these bristles closely resembling a straight sword.
Eyevestigial, quite smalland only distinct in optical section, without any pigment.
Frontal tubercle triangular in a lateral view, pointed, distinctly projecting down-
wards ; oral angle of frons more strongly produced ventrad than is usual, forming a
conspicuous hook in a side view. Genal lobe very broad. Antennal groove of 2
not continued to the vertex. Maxillary palpus very long and slender, reaching
beyond the apex of the forecoxa and being longer than the labial palpus, which
consists of five segments.
Pronotum long, with more than one row of bristles, and a comb of sixteen or
less spines, the latter not placed close together. The comb is situated at a consider-
able distance from the ventral edge of the pronotum. Mesonotum without subapical
spines on inside. Episternum of the metathorax higher than long.
One antepygidial long bristle in both sexes. Inthe ¢ the anal tergite separated
from the “ pygidium” by a distinct suture; the ninth sternite without internal
vertical arm, and the eighth sternite large.
Genotype: X. hippia spec. nov.
Allied to Ceratophyllus, of which it is an offshoot.
18. Xiphiopsylla hippia spec. nov. (text-fig. 12, 13 and 14).
3. Very strongly chitinised. On the abdomen the chitin is thickest in the
centre of the segments, the skeleton appearing very thick on the back and venter in
a lateral view. The greater part of the specimen is conspicuously reticulated, the
meshes being smaller and more regular in the strongly chitinised portions of the
body. Moreover, the abdominal tergites and the posterior halves of the sternites
are densely denticulated, and the meso- and metanotum, metepimemum and the
abdominal segments I. to VII. have serrate apical edges. The long bristles of the
abdomen are shaped like a sword, the lateral ones being faintly widened before
narrowing to a point.
Head.—The frons is evenly rounded in the ¢ (text-fig. 12), the occiput being
horizontal. In the 2 the dorsum of the occiput slants forward and the frons is less
strongly curved than in the d. There is a row of six bristles extending from the
maxillary palpus obliquely upwards to the antennal groove, and further down a row
of three or four bristles, of which the upper one is placed in front of the vestigial
eye, an additional fairly long bristle being situated near the antennal groove between
the two rows. These bristles vary in length, but the most ventral one is always
the longest. The occiput has a few small bristles along the antennal groove, the
approximate numbers being six inthe ¢ and eight in the 2. The lateral bristles of
the occiput as well as those of the subapical row are exceptionally short, the lateral
ones as a rule being arranged in three sets (usually 1, 2 or 3,1). The first segment
of the antenna and the club are very long arid slender in the 3, and the bristles of
the first and second segments quite short in both sexes. The proportional lengths
of the segments of the maxillary palpus are: 21, 15, 16, 23.
Thoraxz.—The pronotum bears two rows of short bristles. The comb contains
fourteen spines, and the distance from the first spine to the ventral edge of the
( 539 )
pronotum about equals the interspace between the first and fifth spines. The
Jengths of the three thoracic tergites are subdorsally 24, 30, 25. The metepisternum
is very much higher than it is long. The lower half of the distal margin of the
metepimerum is incurved, so that the apex of this sclerite is almost pointed ; the
dorsal portion of the oes margin is rounded, the outline being, however, slightly
variable. The metepimerum ad two or three long bristles below the stigma, and
in front of this row abont eight or nine small ones, irregularly distributed.
Abdomen.—The tergites I to VI in d and I to V in ? bear dorsally on the
two sides together two to four apical spines. The postmedian row of long bristles
contains about twenty-four bristles on the two sides together. The small bristles
placed between the long ones are very thin, while the short bristles which are placed
in front of the long ones, and of which there are one to three rows, are remarkably
Fre, 12.—NXiphiopsylla hippia @.
thick. The row of long bristles curves backwards dorsally, and the second to
fourth short lateral bristles of the second segment point obliquely downwards.
‘The basal sternite has ventrally one pair of bristles and some very minute hairs,
the following sternites bearing on the two sides together a row of twenty to twenty-
four long bristles, and a small number of additional shorter bristles.
Legs.—The bristles on the coxae, femora, and the outside of the tibiae are
small. The subapical posterior sinus of both the mid- and hindcoxae is small and
nearly semicircular, the angle above the sinus is prominent, as the hindmargin
of the midcoxa is rather abraptly incarved above this angle and that margin of
the hindcoxa gently incurved from the angle to beyond the centre. The apical
lobe is broad in both these coxae. The forefemur has several small hairs on the
outer surface. The hindfemur bears six or seven subventral hairs on the outside,
inclusive of the subapical bristle. ‘The mid- and hindfemora have six or seven
( 540 )
pairs of stout dorsal bristles situated in notches, inclusive of the apical pair. The
longest bristle of the second hindtarsal segment does not reach the apex of the
fourth segment. The measurements of the tarsi are as follows :
Midtarsus: ¢ 22, 17, 12,9, 22; ¢ 21, 16, 11, 8, 20.
Hindtarsus: ¢ 54, 30, 16, 10, 24; ? 50, 26, 14, 9, 21.
Modified Segments—é. The eighth tergite (text-fig. 13) has the lower apical
angle drawn out into a point, and bears five or six short thick bristles above the
stigma, and thirteen to fifteen much longer ones below it (only the apical ones.
being drawn in our figure). The eighth sternite is about one-fourth longer than
it is wide dorso-ventrally, bearing twenty-six to thirty bristles, of which one
situated beyond the centre of the ventral margin is very long, being drawn out:
Fic. 13.—Xiphiopsylla hippia.
juto a long thin point. The dorsal outline of the sensory pygidial plate is nearly’
straight, but the hind edge of the plate projects backwards, because the anal tergite-
is hollowed out dorsally. This groove extends across the segment, and is densely’
elothed with very tbin hairs. The clasper (Cl) has a very slender manubrium
(M), which bears a groove along the upperside and very slightly bends upwards.
at the end. Above the insertion of the movable process (I) the clasper is produced
into a very short, almost rectangular process (P), which bears two long bristles.
and one short one. There are no bristles on the clasper near the insertion of the:
“finger” (F). The latter process is very long and very slender, being of nearly
the same width throughout, except for tapering to a point at the apex, which is.
slightly eurved upwards. The two halves of the ninth sternite (1X. st.) are united.
from the base to the centre, and have one long wire-like internal lever. The distal
(541 )
portion is claviform, and each club bears on the outer surface numerous short,
stout spines, which point downwards. Near the base of the handle of each clab
there are two or three slender bristles. There is no vertical arm to the ninth
sternite. ¢. The seventh tergite is produced into a lobe below the long ante-
pygidial bristle ; the sternite (text-fig. 14, VII. st.) is longitudinally striated like
the eighth segment and the ventral and apical portions of the seventh tergite, and
gradually narrows towards the apex, which is truncate, and bears a small sinus.
The eighth tergite (VIII. t.) has three to five minute hairs above the stigma, and
about as many just below it. The ventral margin of this segment bears six to
<-- -VIll.st.
Fie, 14.—NXiphiopsylla hippia.
eight fairly long but very slender bristles, there being about twelve small hairs
at and near the ventral margin, and a patch of six or seven on the inside of the
segment. The pygidial plate is more convex than in the d, but does not project
posteriorly on account of the anal tergite being but very feebly concave near the
base. The anal tergite is obtuse, and bears on each side two long slender bristles,
all the other bristles being short and thin. The stylet is not quite three times
as long as it is broad, being bottle-shaped, and bearing a long apical bristle and
two short subapical ones, of which the dorsal one is quite small. The receptaculum
seminis has a very large truncate head and a short tail, and resembles to some
extent a fig, the head being shorter in the second specimen than in the one
figured,
( 542 )
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°8-3 mm.; ? 3-32 mm.
1d and 2 ? ? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, March 1-14,
1910, off Lophuromys zena.
1 J (type) from Mutaragwa, March 21, off Mpimys jacksoni.
1 dg and 2 22 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., February 23, 1910, off
Tachyorystes audax.
1 2 from Solai, Mt. Kenia, December 5, 1910, off Lophuromys zena.
1 3 from Mt. Kenia, December 8, 1910, off the same host.
1 3 from Mt. Kenia, December 6, 1910, off Otomys irroratus elgonis.
19. Xiphiopsylla hyperetes spec. nov. (text-fig. 15).
3. The reticulations of the body and the denticulation of the ridges are very
much less pronounced than in Aippia, the skeleton of the abdomen is not distinctly
incrassate dorsally and ventrally, the lobe of the pronotum situated below the comb
Fia. 15.—NXiphiopsylla hyparetes.
and the metepisternum are much broader, the lower angle of the genal process
projects much more, and the small bristles of the abdomen are much thinner than
in hippia. The postmedian row of bristles on the tergites does not curve so
distinctly backwards dorsally, and contains a few bristles less; the corresponding
row of the sternites consists of only fourteen or less bristles, the small bristles
in front of the row of long ones form four to six rows dorsally on the tergites, the
oui
( 548 )
hind edge of the hindcoxa is more rounded, and the angle above the sinus therefore
less pointed ; and the modified abdominal segments also are different. The pronotal
comb contains sixteen spines.
Modified Seqments.—3. The eighth tergite bears, above the stigma, about a
dozen bristles, which are much thinner than in X. Aéppia. The portion of the
segment below the stigma is apically truncate, with the lower angle hardly at all
produced, and bears altogether about sixteen bristles, of which seven or eight are long.
The eighth sternite is longer and apically more rounded than in X. dippia, being
widest beyond the centre, and bears a much larger number of bristles (about fifty
on each side). The longest of these bristles is placed at the ventral margin in the
neighbourhood of the apex. The upper inner angle of the ninth tergite is pointed
(in Jateral aspect) and the manubrium shorter than in X. Aéppia. The short
process (P) of the clasper is rounded, the finger (F) broader and shorter than in that
species, and the ninth sternite somewhat different in shape. The dilated apex of
this segment is longer than in X. Aippia and the spines are fewer in number.
2. The seventh tergite bears below, and posterior to, the long antepygidial bristle,
two or three short ones. The seventh sternite is broader than in A7ppia, rotundate-
truncate, and does not bear a sinus. The eighth tergite has about twelve
small bristles above the stigma and four below it. The ventral portion of this
sclerite is truncate at the apex, with the angles rounded, and bears along the
ventral edge five or six bristles accompanied on the inside by four small ones ;
above the most distal marginal bristles there are two smaller ones, the lateral
outer surface bearing about ten to twelve small bristles, and the inner surface
seven or eight slightly stouter ones. The stylet and the anal sternite are longer
than in /zppia, and the bristles at the apex of the latter much more numerous. The
receptaculum seminis is remarkably different, closely agreeing with that of the
next species. It is much more strongly chitinised, the head asymmetrically ovate
with the mouth produced.
Length: ¢ (mounted) 3°9 mm.; ¢ (not mounted) 4-1 mm.
1 3 from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, March 1 to 14, 1910,
off Lophuromys zena.
1 2 from Mt. Mikeno, Belgian Congo, off Lophuromys spec.
20. Xiphiopsylla apriona spec. nov. (text-fig. 16).
?. Similar to YX. hyparetes, but at once distinguished by the apices of the
abdominal segments not being serrate.
There is no regular reticulation even on the more incrassate central parts of
the abdominal segments, nor are the ridges denticulate as in the two preceding
species.
The lower angle of the genal process is much more rounded than in X. /yparetes.
The pronotal comb contains only twelve spines, the lobe below the comb being
broader (in a vertical sense) than the pronotum, exclusive of the comb, is long
dorsally. The proportional lengths of the pro-, meso- and metanota are 24, 40, 30,
The long bristles of the abdominal tergites are distally slenderer than in the
previous species, but still resemble a straight sword, whereas the bristles of the
sternites taper gradually from the base to the tip, not differing from ordinary
bristles. The postmedian row of the sternites contains at most twelve bristles.
The small bristles placed in front of the postmedian row of the tergites are less
(544 )
numerous than in X. Ayparetes. The seventh tergite bears only one short bristle
below the long antepygidial one. The seventh sternite is as broad as in X, hyparetes,
but is more rounded and is not longitudinally striated like the eighth tergite, but
vertically, the lines on the apical area of the segment being very close together.
The eighth tergite has about a dozen small bristles above the stigma and four to
eight below it; its apex is more rounded than in X. hyparetes and hippia. The
bristles on the ventral portion of this sclerite agree with those of X. Ayparetes,
Fic. 16.—Xiphiopsylla apriona.
except that there are less on the inner surface. There is also no essential
difference in the anal segment between these two species. The receptaculum
seminis likewise is nearly the same as in Ayparetes.
32? from Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa, December 14 and 15, 1910, off
Tachyoryctes spec.
21. Listropsylla dolosus Roths. (1907).
2. Listropsylla dolosus Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xviii. p. 175. no. 2 (1907) (Kikuyu Escarp-
ment Brit. E. A.). r
Mr. Kemp obtained both sexes of this species. The ¢ almost exactly agrees
with L. stygius Roths. (1908), described as Ceratophyllus stygius in Ent. Mo. Mag.
(2). xix. p. 77. no. 3. t. 1. fig. 3 (1908) from a single ¢ collected by A. F. R.
Wollaston on the Ruwenzori Mts. The ‘finger,’ however, is slightly different in
the two forms, being broader in stygivs than in dolosus. In dolosus the long
ventral bristle of the “ finger” is placed at three-fifths, and in stygiws at two-thirds,
i.e. the distance from the base of the “finger” to the bristle is in stygius twice as
long and in dolosus half as long again as the distance from the bristle to the apex
of the “ finger.” The two insects are presumably geographical forms of the same
species. Both in dolosus and stygius the ventral genal margin bears some short,
flat, cordiform teeth, and the first midtarsal segment is twice as long as the
second.
( 545 )
1 from Mataragwa, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, March 13, 1910, off
Graphiurus microtis saturatus.
1 2 from Mutaragwa, March 24, 1910, off Dendromys nigrifrons.
29¢ from Mutaragwa, March 4, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.
? from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Lophuromys spec.
3 and 2 2 ? from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Epimys medicatus.
? from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Arvicanthis spec.
3 from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Otomys irroratus elgonis.
6 from Kilimandjaro, May 13, 1910.
? trom Kigezi, Uganda, April 9, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.
2? 2 from Kigezi, April 25, 1911, off Arvécanthis spec.
? from Kigezi, April 26, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.
Le OS el el oe
Ctenophthalmus Kolen. (1856).
The genus appears to be very abundantly represented in Africa south of the
Sahara. The species from tropical Africa, however, though undoubtedly closely
related to some of the Palaearctic forms, do not exactly conform to the generic
diagnosis based on the European species. The number of plantar bristles present
on the fifth segment of the hindtarsus is generally considered of taxonomic value
in Ctenophthalmus and allied genera, being quite constant in the European species.
The Ethiopian Ctenophthalmus, however, prove that one must not lay too much
stress on a single character of this kind. Only one of the nine species of
Ctenophthalmus from tropical Africa has three pairs of lateral bristles on that
tarsal segment, as in all the European species, the other forms bearing three bristles
on one side of the segment and four on the other, or four on both sides, or three
pairs on one hindtarsus and three and a half pairs on the other, the numbers
fluctuating within the same species and sometimes being different on the right and
left hindtarsus of the same individual. The European Ctenophthalmus, with the
exception of Ct. rettigi Roths. (1908), moreover, are characterised by bearing a
curved hair at the tip of the labial palpi, which is not the case in any tropical
African form. All of them, however, have the three genal spines typical of this
genus, a pointed frontal tubercle situated in a groove, a vestigial eye, two rows of
bristles on the frons, a short pronotum bearing one row of bristles, ete. The hind-
coxa has no patch or row of spines on the inside, and the fifth segment of all the
tarsi bears a ventral proximal pair of bristles in between the first lateral pair.
Four species of Ctenophthalmus have been described trom Africa south of
the Sahara: calceatus Waterst. (1912), ansorge’ Roths. (1907), engis Roths. (1907),
and triodontus Roths. (1907). “ Typhlopsylla” ingens Roths. (1900), as pointed
ont on p. 562 of the present paper, does not belong to the genus Ctenophthalmus.
A. Proboscis reaching close to apex of forecoxa ; three or four bristles beneath
stigma on abdominal tergites I] and IIL; Jongest apical bristle of second hind-
tarsal segment reaching beyond apex of fourth segment; surface-sculpture faint,
These
characteristics sharply distinguish Ct. tréodontus and a nearly allied new species
from all the other African ones.
particularly weak on the legs ; metepimerum with more than ten bristles.
( 546 )
22. Ctenophthalmus audax spec. nov. (text-figs. 17 and 18).
In this species and C. triodontus the bristles are more numerous than in any
other tropical African species. Ct. audax is differentiated from Ct. triodontus in
the ¢ by the movable process of the clasper not being abruptly dilated distally,
andin the ? by the basal abdominal sternite bearing a number of lateral bristles.
Head.—The first and second genal bristles are much shorter and more obtuse
than the third, the second one being especially blunt. The frons bears two rows
of bristles and the occiput three rows.
Thorax.—The pronotal comb consists of sixteen spines. The two lower
bristles of the pronotal row are much closer together than the other bristles of the
same row. The mesopleura bear eleven or more bristles, the metepisternum has
three or four, the metasternum one or two, and the metepimerum thirteen to
sixteen.
Abdomen.—The abdominal tergites I and II in the ¢ and I—VII in the ¢
Fig. 17.—Ctenophthalmus audaw.
have, like the metanotum, two complete rows of bristles, three or four bristles of
the posterior row being placed below the stigma, at least on segments II and III,
on segment II there is also a bristle of the anterior row placed below the stigma.
The sternites of segments III to VI bear in the d on each side a row of four
or five bristles, there being rarely a bristle in front of the row, in the ? the row
contains seven to nine bristles, and there are from four to six bristles in front of the
row, the basal sternites bearing in this sex three to six lateral bristles on each side.
Legs.—The mid- and hindcoxae bear posteriorly near the apex one long and one
small bristle. The femora have no lateral bristles, except for a small one on the
inner surface of the forefemur. There are two subapical ventral bristles on the
mid- and hindfemora, and one such bristle on the inner side. This latter bristle is
long and thin, particularly on the hindfemur, not being short and stumpy as in
European Ctenophthalmus. The mid- and hindtibiae have one row of bristles on
the outer surface near the dorsal bristles. The first hindtarsal segment bears one
or two apical bristles which reach to the apex of the second segment, and two
ee
i oe
( 547 )
apical bristles of this latter segment extend to (respectively beyond) the apex of the
fourth segment, which segment is only a little longer than it is broad. ‘The fifth
hindtarsal segment has three or four lateral bristles, the number differing frequently
in the right and left legs, and the true inner edge of the segment (in slide usually
anterior) has often only three bristles, when the outer (in slide posterior) bears four.
It is the third bristle which varies.
Modified Segments.— 3. The eighth tergite has three small bristles above the
stigma, and the sternite a row of five or six long ones, below and proximally to
which there are five or six smaller bristles. The process (P) of the clasper (text-
fig. 17) is broad and non-sinuate, bearing a number of slender bristles at the upper
edge and a transverse, curved, lateral row of five very long ones. The movable
process (F) is of the type exhibited by C. caucasica. Its ventral edge is gently
incurved, not angulate, while the dorsal edge is elbowed opposite the tip of the
non-movable process P, being incuryed proximally to this angle, and convex
Fie. 18.—Ctenophthalmus audar.
between it and the slightly dentiform distal angle. F is provided with ten to
thirteen short, pointed bristles along the dorsal edge between the dorsal angle and
the tip, and with six long bristles at the ventral edge, there being also some slender
bristles ventrally at the tip and a aumber of other small bristles on both the
inner and outer surfaces. These small bristles are particularly numerous on the
inner side. ‘The ninth sternite is sub-acuminate, the dorsal edge of the ventral
arm being nearly straight and the distal portion of the ventral edge rounded.
There is a row of three to five long and slender bristles ventrally near the apex of
this sclerite, and about sixteen small bristles distributed over the sides and the
edges of its apical half. The anal tergite has on each side about a dozen bristles,
the most proximal ones being placed at a short distance from the base of the
segment and there being near the apex one longer one on each side. The anal
tergite bears only a pair of long bristles on each side. ?. The seventh sternite
has a deep sinus as in Ct. triodontus, but the sinus is (text-fig. 18) narrower than in
that species, The lobe situated above it is variable in width. The segment bears
( 548 )
on each side a row of twelve to fourteen long bristles, and in front of it eight to
fourteen more bristles, some of which are situated close to the row and are also
long. The eighth tergite has one to three small bristles above the stigma,
a ventral patch of eleven to fourteen, and an internal patch of eight small ones.
The eighth sternite (VIII, st.) is somewhat contracted in the specimen from which
our figure is taken. The anal sternite bears on each side a moderately long, stout
bristle in the middle, sometimes accompanied by a smaller one, and a subapical
pair of long ones. The stylet is long and slender, surpassing in length the third
hindtarsal segment. Below the stylet there is a solitary long bristle on the anal
tergite. The head of the receptaculum seminis (R.S.) is twice as long as it is broad,
being also longer than the tail.
The senlpture of the surface of the body and legs is very feeble in both sexes,
the lines being hardly traceable on the legs.
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3°2 mm., ? 3°5 mm.
13 dd and 20 ?? from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Range, Brit. E, Africa,
11,000 ft., February 23, 1910, off Tachyoryctes audax ;—type.
1 ? from Mt. Kinangop, February 24, 1910, off Otomys irroratus.
7 oo from Mt. Kinangop, February 28, 1910, found in killing bottle.
4 $5 and 3 3? from Aberdare Mts., February 13, 1910, off Tachyoryctes
audax.
B. Proboscis not nearly reaching to apex of forecoxa; at the most two
bristles below stigma on abdominal tergites II and IIL; longest apical bristle of
second hindtarsal segment at most extending to the base of the fourth segment ;
metepimerum with less than ten bristles.
23. Ctenophthalmus eumeces sp. nov. (text-fig. 19).
Only the ¢ known to us.
Head.—The spines of the genal comb are pointed. The rostrum reaches to the.
apical third (about) of the forecoxa. The frons bears two rows of bristles, and the
occiput three rows.
Thoraz.—The pronotal comb contains sixteen spines. There are ten bristles
in the postmedian row on the three thoracic tergites on the two sides together, the
two lower ones being rather further apart than the others. The mesopleura bear
eight bristles, the metepisternum two, and the metepimerum five to seven arranged
in two rows.
Abdomen.—Kach tergite bears two rows of bristles, the first tergite having
an incomplete third row. The first bristle of the posterior row is placed below
the stigma, while the first bristle of the preceding row is placed above the
stigma. The sternites of segments III to VI have on each side a row of
three bristles, and in front of it one or two, seldom three, additional smaller
bristles, segment VII bearing in the type-specimen four bristles in the postmedian
row.
Legs.—The small apical ventral bristle on the inner surface of the hind-
femur is short and rather stout. The longest bristle of the second hindtarsal
segment reaches a little beyond the apex of the third segment. The fourth
segment is not quite twice as long as it is broad in the hindtarsus. The
(549 )
fifth segment of the same foot bears three plantar bristles on one side and four on
the other, or four on both sides.
Modified Segments.——&3. The eighth sternite has four long and from six to
nine shorter bristles. The distal process (P, text-fig. 19) of the clasper is broad
and obtuse, being slightly notched at the upper margin. It bears a row of six
or seven long bristles, slightly variable in position, and at the dorsal margin
some smaller ones in addition, The movable process F is longer and slenderer
than in any other African species known, and has at the upper edge seven to
nine short spiniform bristles, ventrally near the apex two slender bristles and
Fig. 19.—Ctenophthalmus eumeces.
farther proximally a cluster of four or five, which are much slenderer than in
Ct. audaxz. The ninth sternite is almost the same as in Ct. audax, except for its
slightly larger width.
1g from Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, December 19, 1910, off Arvicanthis
pumilio ;—type.
1 gd from the Igembi Hills, north-east of Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa,
February 12, 1911, off Oenomys spec.
24. Ctenophthalmus cabirus spec. noy. (text-figs. 20 and 21).
3%. Very close to Ct. ansorged Roths. (1907) and calceatus Waterst. (1912),
distinetly differing in the modified abdominal seements of the 3.
The process P of the clasper (Cl, text-fig. 20) is divided into two lobes, as in
calceatus, the sinus being much deeper and the lobes therefore longer than in
ansorgei. The upper lobe bears three bristles as in calceatus. The movable
process F is twice as long as it is broad at the widest point, being shorter but
not narrower than in ansorge?, and longer than in calceatus, The ninth sternite
(1X st.) bears a larger number of small bristles than in ansorge?.
( 550 )
The ? does not present any reliable difference from that sex of ansorge, the
specimens being somewhat variable 7xter se. The sinus of the seventh sternite
(text-fig. 21, VII. st.) divides the segment into a broad upper lobe and a smaller
>
. P
PAM A
tial
Mn 3
Fig. 20.—Ctenophthalmus cabirus.
Fie. 21.—Ctenophthalmus cabirus.
lower one. i The eighth tergite has two bristles at the apical edge above the
ventral angle. The head of the receptaculum seminis is longer than the tail. ,
1 3 from Mbarara, Uganda, April 3, 1911, off a rodent.
1 2 from Mbarara, July 25, 1911, off Oenomys spec.
1d and 1 2 from Rumruti, British East Africa, September 28, 1910, off
Arvicanthis massaicus. a
1 ? from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Otomys spec.
18 from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Lophuromys ansorget.
( 551 )
2 ?¢ from Kigezi, Uganda, April 10 and 27, 1911, off rodents.
433 and 4 ? ? from Kumba, Uganda, June 30, 1911, off Otomys spec.;—type.
1? from Masaka, Uganda, March 22, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus
rubescens.
1 ? from Nairobi, British East Africa, September 12, 1910, off Epimys spec.
1 $ from Igembi Hills, British East Africa, February 13, 1911.
1 ? from Mt. Kenia, December 7, 1910, off Lophuromys zena.
We add the description of a new species collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.
25. Ctenophthalmus atomus spec. nov. (text-fig. 22).
?. Differs from Ct. ansorgei in the shape of the seventh abdominal sternite.
This segment, instead of being divided by a narrow and deep sinus into two lobes,
bears one large truncate-emarginate lobe, below which the edge of the segment
runs obliquely downward and forward, as shown in fig. 22.
Fig. 22.—Ctenophthalmus atomus.
The eighth tergite closely agrees with that of Ct. ansorgei and cabirus. It
bears two apical bristles (both broken in our specimen), asin those species, also a
ventral row of four, and above the row one long and four short bristles.
1 ? from Ndala Tando, Angola, December 18, 1908, off Arvicanthis rufinus
(Dr. W. J. Ansorge).
26. Ctenophthalmus acanthurus spec. noy. (text-figs. 23 and 24).
3?. Evidently a near ally of Ct. engis Roths, (1907), of which only the @ is
known. The ? of acanthurus differs from that of engis in the shape of the seventh
abdominal sternite and in the longer head of the receptaculum seminis. In the 2 ?
of both species the ventral row of bristles on the eighth tergite terminates with a
short bristle, which is placed at the apical margin of the segment. The & of
acanthurus is easily recognised by the ninth sternite bearing a row of short, stout
spine-like bristles at the ventral margin,
Head.—Vhe geval spines are pointed, The genal process is nearly twice as
broad as the second genal spine.
( 552 )
Thorax.—The mesonotum bears three rows of bristles, besides a basal row
which extends down to the second pronotal spine, and a number of additional small
bristles on the back and the sides, There is, in fact, only a small lateral area bare
of bristles. The mesopleura bear seven, and the metepisternum five or six bristies.
Abdomen. — Segments I to VI have no obvious distinctive characteristics.
They bear two rows of bristles on the tergites with an incomplete third row on the
first tergite and one or two dorsal bristles in front of the rows on the other tergites.
The sternites of segments III to VI have, in the 2, usually a row of six bristles
on the two sides together, and two to six additional bristles, the ? bearing, as a
tule, eight bristles in the row and four to six in front of it.
Legs.—In the hindtarsus the second segment bears one apical bristle, which
reaches to the apex of the third segment ; the fourth segment is twice as long as it
Fig. 23.—Ctenophthalmus acanthurus,
is broad, and the fifth segment has fonr lateral bristles. The proportional lengths
of the hindtarsal segments are: ¢, 41, 30, 19, 12,20; 2, 42, 31, 20, 12, 20.
Modified Segments.—¢d. The eighth sternite is broadly rounded, and bears on
each side six to nine bristles, of which three (more rarely only two) are long. The
clasper (text-fig. 23) terminates in a broad and short process which is divided by a
very shallow apical sinus into two lobes, the sinus being deeper on the inner side
of the clasper than on the outer surface, The upper lobe is rounded and bears
about a dozen bristles at the edge. The ventral angle of this lobe is produced on
the inner side of the clasper into a short, subtruncate, strongly chitinised projection.
The lower lobe is very obliquely truncate, and bears a long bristle at the ventral
angle and another on the outer surface. The movable process (I) has a characteristic
shape. Its ventral margin is rounded from the base to three-fourths its length and
then ineurved, the apical ventral angle of the finger distinctly projecting downward.
ee el
( 553 )
Close to this “nose” there are five ventral bristles, and above it two more bristles,
one of which is quite short. The dorsal portion of the finger is very strongly
rounded-dilated, as shown in the figure, and bears a row of about nine short,
spine-like bristles along the most dorsal part of the edge, the distal ones of these
bristles being the thinnest. The inner arm of the ninth sternite is rather
strongly curved, its apical dilated portion being twice as long as this portion is
wide at its centre. The ventral arm is as long as the vertical one, bears numerous
small bristles on the sides and at the ventral margin, one small stiff bristle at
the apical margin, and a row of four stout, short, strongly chitinised ones at
the apical portion of the ventral margin. ?. The seventh sternite (text-fig. 24)
exhibits a row of nine or ten long bristles (on the two sides together), besides
some small bristles, and is divided by a deep sinus into a very broad upper
lobe and a much narrower rounded lower one. The ventral edge of the apper lobe
is excurved near the apex of the sinus, which is rendered very narrow in con-
sequence. The eighth tergite has no bristles above the stigma, and bears a ventral
VIL sto VilLst.
Fra. 24.—Ctenophthalmus acanthurus.
row of five or six strong bristles, of which the last is short and placed close to
a long one, both being situated practically at the apical edge of the segment.
Above this row there is one long bristle, and more proximally than this bristle
often one or two small ones. The upper angle of the dilated ventral portion
of this segment is sometimes acuminate, sometimes rounded. On the inner
surface of the segment are six or seven small bristles. The eighth sternite is
broader than usual, its apex being much less narrowed than in the other African
species. The stylet is conical, being nearly three times as long as it is broad at
the base. The anal sternite bears seven bristles. The head of the receptaculum
seminis (R.S.) is longer than the tail.
13 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts. 11,000 ft., British East Africa,
February 27, 1910, off Dendromys insignis ;—ty pe.
1 2? from Mt. Kinangop, February 27, 1910, off Leggada spec.
334 from Mt. Kinangop, March 1, 1910, off Crocidura fumosa.
233 and6 2%? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 24, 1910, off Den-
Aromys nigrifrons.
36
(554)
1 3 from Mutaragwa, March 13, 1910, off Graphiurus microtis saturatus.
1 $ from Mutaragwa, March 11—14, 1910, off Thamnomys ibeanus.
230 from Mutaragwa, March 13, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.
1 3 from Mt. Kenia, December 1910, off Lophuromys zena.
27. Ctenophthalmus lycosius spec. nov. (text-figs. 25 and 26).
3%. A species remarkable for the peculiar shape of the male genitalia. In
the number and arrangement of the bristles, apart from the modified segments, this.
species agrees almost exactly with Ct. acanthurus, engis, and others. The genah
spines are pointed. The genal process in the ¢ is a little broader than the second
genal spine, and in the ? half as broad again. The lobe of the pronotum situated
below the comb is broader than in the allied species, its vertical diameter being
equal to the distance from the lower edge of the first spine in the ¢ to the upper
edge of the third, and in the 9 nearly to the centre of the fourth spine. The second
hindtarsal segment bears an apical bristle which reaches beyond the third segment,
and another which extends to the apex of that segment. The mesopleura of the
$ bear eight or nine bristles.
Modified Segments.—&. The eighth abdominal sternite bears on each side:
Fic. 25.— Ctenophthalmus lycosius.
about nine bristles, of which the three distal ones are the longest. The clasper
(Cl, text-fig. 25) terminates in an almost square process (P) which is rounded-
truncate distally, the apical margin being divided by a very small sinus into a short.
upper and a longer lower portion. Above this sinus there are about eight bristles
arranged in a double row, the outer row being continued ventrad by three long
bristles, of which the last is placed near the ventral margin. The movable process
F is distally dilated both dorsally and veutrally, resembling a hammer. ‘There are
four long bristles at the truncate ventral angle of F, while the strongly rounded
dorsal margin bears a row of spiniform bristles, a few similar bristles, variable im
( 555 )
number and some of them rather long but thin, being placed at the distal (or
apical margin). The ninth sternite is very unlike that of every other known African
species. Its horizontal arm strongly widens apically, the ventral margin remaining
nearly straight to the apex, while the dorsal margin gradually runs upwards,
forming an acute, but slightly rounded, angle with the gently convex distal
margin. The ventral angle is produced downward into a sharp tooth, The
segment has only short bristles, a row of seven or eight being placed at the
ventral margin and a patch of about sixteen dorsally near the apex. ?. The
seventh sternite (text-fig. 26) bears on the two sides together in our single
specimen an interrupted row of thirteen bristles, and in front of the row twelve
additional bristles. The segment is deeply divided by a very large sinus into a
broad upper lobe and a short lower one. The upper lobe is trancate-sinuate, with
the upper angle strongly rounded, the ventral angle produced (much as in Ct. engis),
and the ventral margin horizontal. The lower lobe is much shorter than the upper
Fic. 26.—Ctenophthalmus lycosius.
one, and its upper margin is strongly slanting, being dilated into a very small,
obtuse additional lobe near the upper lobe. The eighth tergite has no bristles
above the stigma. There is a ventral row of six bristles on this segment (VIII. t.),
of which the first is small and the last two, which are long and differ but slightly
in size, are placed-close together at the apical margin, which is incurved. Above
the row there is one long bristle accompanied by two or three smaller ones, while
the inner surface bears one or two short but fairly strong bristles and two or three
exceedingly small ones. The anal sternite has eight bristles on the two sides
together. [The receptaculum seminis has accidentally been destroyed in mounting
the specimen. |
23d and 1 ? from the Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, February 17—21,
1910, off Lophuromys zena.
Another %, taken by Mr. Kemp in the same district on February 25 off Oenomys
bacchante agrees on the whole so well with the ¢ of lycos’us that we place it here.
The mesopleura of this example bear nine or ten bristles, aud the seventh abdominal
tergite has three antepygidial bristles on one side and four on the other; the
seventh sternite also being slightly different on the two sides of the body. The
( 556 )
lower angle of the upper lobe of this segment is very little produced and much more
broadly rounded off than in the ? described above. The lobe of the right side bears
an additional small lobe ventrally, which is absent from the lobe on the left side.
The ventral lobe is shorter than in the true ? of dycosius, and the bristles in front
of the row on the seventh sternite are more numerous (nineteen on the two sides
together). The eighth tergite has above the row one long bristle and three small
ones on one side and five small ones on the other, there being five bristles on the
inner surface on each side. The anal sternite has ten bristles. The receptaculam
seminis resembles that of Ct. engis in the head being shorter than the tail,
though the head is not quite so short as in engés. The specimen possibly represents
a distinct species.
28, Ctenophthalmus cophurus spec. nov. (text-figs. 27 and 28).
Head.—The first spine of the genal comb is slender and, like the third, sharply
pointed, the second spine being the broadest and having an obtuse apex. The
genal process is narrower than usual, which is particularly noticeable in the $, in
which sex the width of the process does not much exceed that of the second genal
spine measured in the centre; the upper edge of the process, moreover, is not
distinctly elbowed, as it is in the $ $ of most other species.
Thorax.—The third spine of the comb is half as long again as the pronotum.
The lobe below the comb is narrow, its diameter being equal or inferior to the
distance from the lower edge of the second spine to the upper edge of the third
measured in the middle. The mesonotum bears two rows of bristles, a few additional
dorsal bristles and a series of small basal ones. This latter series only extends as
far as the fourth pronotal spine, there being consequently a lateral area on the
mesonotum between the basal edge and the two rows of bristles which is devoid of
bristles. The mesopleura have seven bristles, the metepisternum has two, and the
metepimerum six to nine, usually seven.
Abdomen.—the tergites bear two rows of bristles, the first tergite having a few
additional dorsal ones. The first bristle of the second row, and on the second tergite
also the first of the anterior row, are placed below the stigma. The basal sternite
has no lateral bristles in either sex. The sternites of segments III to VI have in the
3 a row of six to eight bristles on both sides together, and two to six smaller
bristles in front of the row, the numbers being slightly larger in the 2 and the
bristles rather stronger.
Legs.—The apical ventral bristle on the inner side of the hindfemur is short.
The longest apical bristle of the second hindtarsal segment reaches a very little
beyond the apex of the third segment. The fourth segment of the same tarsus is
half as long again as it is broad, and the fifth bears as a rule three lateral plantar
bristles on one side and four on the other, the right and left hindtarsi usually differ-
ing in these bristles. The proportional lengths of the hindtarsal segments vary
slightly, being usually in the d 39, 27, 17, 10, 17, and in the ? 44, 28, 18, 10, 18.
Modified Segments—6. The eighth sternite (text-fig. 27, VIII. st.) is
ventrally produced into a rather narrow lobe which is very feebly chitinised, being
vitreous from the most distal bristle and membranous at the apex. The segment
bears about a dozen bristles, of which the four to six distal ones are long. . The
process P of the clasper is broad and rounded, being convex dorsally and somewhat
incurved ventrally. It bears a transverse row of usually four long bristles, seldom
one or two more, the ventral bristle being accompanied by a smaller bristle and the
|
i
ee
( 557 )
row running obliquely distad from the dorsal to the ventral margin. The dorsal
edge of the process, moreover, bears several thin and short bristles. The movable
Viltst.
Fig. 27.—Ctenophthalmus cophurus.
process F somewhat resembles the sole of a boot. It is narrowest proximally to the
centre and has the apex rounded, the ventral edge being more strongly curved than
Villst
Fia. 28,—Ctenophthalmus cophurus.
the dorsal edge. The finger has no long bristles, but only short ones, as shown in
the figure. The ninth sternite (LX. st.) is also characteristic in shape. The apex of
( 558 )
the internal vertical arm is very broad, the arm itself slender, and the horizontal
arm again broad. This latter portion of the boomerang-shaped segment is not
acuminate, as in the allied species, but truncate, with the upper angle rounded and
the lower angle about 85°. The apex is but feebly chitinised, and bears a row of
short slender bristles (about a dozen), there being no bristles farther proximally on
the sides and along the ventral margin. The segment, moreover, is clothed at the
almost membranous apex with exceedingly minute hairs not indicated in the figure.
——¥?. The seventh sternite (text-fig. 28) has a very broad sinuate upper lobe, the
lower angle of which is produced into a narrow process of variable length. The
segment bears a row of from five to seven long and strong bristles on each side and
six to eight additional bristles in front of the row. The eighth tergite is strongly
rounded, and is further characterised by the position of the bristles, none of which
are placed at the apical edge. There is a snbyentral row of five or six bristles on
this segment, which are all stout, sometimes with the exception of the first ; above
this row there is one long and thick bristle and two to four smaller ones. On the
inside the segment bears one or two minute bristles. The stylet is three times as
long as it is broad at the base. The anal sternite has seven or eight bristles on the
two sides together. The head of the receptaculum seminis (R.S.) is somewhat longer
than the tail.
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 2°3 mm., 2 2-4—3 mm.
1 3 and 3 2 ? from Igembi Hills, British East Africa, February 15 and 16,
1911, off Lophuromys zena.
1 3 and») ? ? from Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, February 17-21, 1910,
off Lophuromys zena ;—type.
1 g from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., February 27, 1910, off Dendromys
insignis.
1 ? from Mt. Kinangop, February 25, 1910, off Oenomys bacchante.
1 3g from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 13, 1910, off Graphiurus microtis
saturatus.
1 d and 4 % ? from Mutaragwa, March 13, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.
4 364 and 3 2? 2? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 1-14, 1910, off
Lophuromys xena.
1 ? from Mt. Kenia, December 7, 1910, off Otomys irroratus elgonis.
3 ¢ d from Mt. Kenia, December 8, 1910, off Lophuromys zena.
1 ¢ from Mt. Kenia, December 10, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.
1 ? from Mt. Kenia, January 3, 1911, off Wpimys jacksoni.
26 and 3 2 ¢ from Mt, Kenia, January 3, 1911, off Thamnomys spec.
1 from Mt. Kenia, December 12, 1911, off Lpimys medicatus.
1 ? from Mt. Kenia, off Lophuromys zena.
29. Ctenophthalmus eximius spec. nov. (text-figs. 29 and 30).
3 %. Allied to Ct. cophurus, but at once distinguished from it by the fifth
hindtarsal segment bearing only three pairs of lateral bristles (besides an anterior
ventral pair), by the 2 having four antepygidial bristles instead of three, and by the
modified abdominal segments being different.
Head.—The spines of the genal comb are all three sharply pointed, The genal
process is broader than in Cé. cophurus, being half as broad again as the second
genal spine in the d, and nearly twice as broad as that spine in the ¢.
ep lye erat eo se
LLL
( 559 )
Thorax.—The mesonotum has a large lateral area bare of bristles, as in
Ct. cophurus. The proportional lengths of the hindtarsal segments are as follows :
3 40, 26, 18, 9,17; % 43, 29, 19, 9, 17.
Abdomen.—The ¢ bears three and the 2 four antepygidial bristles, of which the
second from above is the longest. The bristles on the sternites of segments III to
VIL are as follows (on the two sides together, the first figure referring to the
bristles of the postmedian row)—d : 6+ 3o0r4, 64+ 3to 5, 642 to 4, 642 to 4,
6+2to4; 2: 8or9+4+11 orl2,8+7 or 8,8 + 4,844, 11 or 12 +8 or 9.
Modified Segments.—3. The eighth sternite (text-fig. 29, VIII. st.) is more
strongly chitinised apically than in C¢. cophurus, aud its dorsal margin starts more
gradually, moreover being denticulate. The segment bears thirteen to sixteen
bristles on the two sides together. The manubrium as well as the non-movable
process of the clasper are much shorter than in Ct. cophurus, particularly the former-
This process (P) is truncate, with the dorsal angle rounded, the lower angle about 90°
and the distal margin slightly notched. It bears five slender bristles at the upper
Fie. 29.—Ctenophthalmus eximius.
half of the apical margin and an oblique row of three very strong and long bristles
on the side, the ventral one being the most proximal. The movable process F is
truncate. It almost gradually widens from the insertion to the apex, the ventral
angle being distinct and projecting in the shape of a rounded tooth, and the dorsal
angle being rounded off. The ventral margin of this exopodite is nearly straight
and bears two pairs of small thin bristles in the apical half. The short bristles
placed along the apical and dorsal margins, of which there are about eight, are very
thin. The inner arm of the ninth sternite is broader than in Cf. cophurus, with the
exception of the widened apical portion, which is narrower than in that species.
The horizontal arm is canoe-shaped distally, being acuminate with the dorsal margin
straight and the ventral margin distally rounded. This ventral arm bears about
eight small bristles, one long and strong one and behind this bristle a second one
half the size (or less) of the long bristle-—?. The seventh sternite (text-fig. 30) is
divided (on each side) by a broad and shallow upper sinus and a smaller, but equally
shallow lower sinus into three short lobes, of which the upper one is either pointed
or rounded, the second subtriangular with the apex rounded off, and the ventral lobe
( 560 )
quite short. The eighth tergite resembles that of Ct. cophurus. It bears a subventral
row of five or six stout bristles, sometimes preceded by a small bristle, and above
the row there is one long bristle accompanied by one or twosmall ones. None of the
bristles are placed at the apical margin of the segment. On the inner surface the
~*VIILst
Fig. 30.—Ctenophthalmus eaximius.
segment bears three to five small bristles. The receptaculum seminis is similar to
that of Ct. cophurus, but somewhat slenderer than in most examples of that species.
1 dand 1 ? from Kigezi, Uganda, April 19, 1911, off Lophuromys zena;—type.
1 3 and 1 ? from Kigezi, April 15, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.
1 ¢ from Lake Mutanda, Uganda, May 9, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.
2 6 and 1 ¢ from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 6, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.
1 fg and 1 ? from Chaya, near Ruchuru R., Belgian Congo, September 17, 1911,
off Lophuromys spec.
2 2 from Muhamba, Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo, May 20, 1911, off
Lophuromys spec.
Key to the species of Ctenophthalmus known from Africa south of the Sahara.
I. Rostrum reaching to near apex of forecoxa; longest bristle of second
hindtarsal segment extending beyond apex of fourth segment; abdominal tergites.
II. and U1. with more than two bristles below the stigma; metepimerum with more
than ten bristles; sculpture of surface of body and limbs very inconspicuous.
a. 3. Movable process of clasper abruptly widened distally, the ventral angle
pointing ventrad; ? without lateral bristles on the basal abdominal
sternite . : 5 : 3 : . Ct. triodontus Roths, (1907).
&. Movable process of clasper not curved down at apex ; the ventral angle
pointing distad ; ? with lateral bristles on the basal abdominal sternite
Ct. audax spec. nov.
II. Rostrum hardly extending to apical third of forecoxa; longest bristle of
second hindtarsal segment at the most reaching to base of fourth segment ;
abdominal tergites with only one bristle below stigma; metepimernm with less
than nine bristles ; metepisternum narrow ; surface-sculpture distinct.
6. Fifth hindtarsal segment with four lateral plantar bristles, at least on one
side of the segment or in one hindtarsus . : : ¢ Be ge
This segment with three lateral plantar bristles. Highth abdominal segment
of f triangular ; ? with four antepygidial bristles. Ct. ewtmius spec. nov.
(561 )
c. Mesonotum laterally with only two rows of bristles, there being a large
naked area between these rows and the base. IX. st. of d truncate, and
VIII. st. apically membranaceons ; in ? all bristles of VIII. t. at a distance
from the edge. ; : . Ct. cophurus spec. nov.
Mesonotum with three rows cs eieties and additional small bristles on the
sides as well as back, besides the basal row. In ¢ IX. st. acuminate or
apically strongly widened ; in the most distal bristle of VIII. st. placed
at the apical edge : i : . : ; 2 - yds
d. 3d. ; : : : : ‘ : ‘ : : : Tae:
pare . , : : ; white
e. dd. (This sex not eta of Ct. eee ae engis.)
IX. st. apically very strongly dilated, the ventral angle being produced
into a sharp tooth : : ‘ : . Ct. lycosius spec. nov.
[and ? Cz. engis Roths. (1907)]
IX. st. subrotundate at apex, bearing a ventral row of short, stout,
strongly chitinised spiniform bristles, Ct. acanthurus spec.-nov.
IX, st. subacuminate or subtruncate, with long and small bristles, or
only with short ones, all slender . 5 ; a:
J. Process of clasper divided by a distinct sinus into = lobes , ° Ob
Process of clasper not divided : : : . Ct. eumeces spec. nov.
g. Sinus of process of clasper quite shallow on outer side, movable process
more than twice as long as it is broad . Ct. ansorgei Roths. (1907)
The sinus deeper, movable process twice as long as it is broad. 3 ale
i. Apex of movable process much more rounded dorsally than ventrally
Ct. cabirus spec. nov.
Apex of movable process almost symmetrically rounded
Ct. calceatus Waterst. (1910)
i. 23. (This sex not known of Ct. eumeces.)
Head of receptaculum seminis shorter than tail. : ; + Ge
Head of receptaculum seminis longer than tail . : - igh?
j. Last bristle of ventral row on VILL. t. half the length of the preceding bristle
Ct. engis Roths. (1907)
Last two bristles of that row almost equal in size Ct. lycosius spec. nov.
k. No bristles above stigma of VIII, t. j : Ct. acanthurus spec. nov.
One or more bristles above stigma of VIII. t. . ; F : ads
1. VIL. st. with a narrow and deep sinus
Ct. ansorgei Roths. (1907) and cabirus spec, nov.
VIL. st. with a triangular sinus . ‘ Ct. caleeatus Waterst. (1912)
VIL. st. with a very broad upper lobe, lower lobe effaced
Ct. atomus spec. nov
Dinopsyllus gen. noy.
The antennal groove extends to the vertex, as in Palaeopsylla Wagn. (1902),
to which genus the new one is closely allied, The frontal tubercle is vestigial,
being small and rounded, and having in some specimens the appearance of a
transparent lid placed on a tunnel; in most examples the tubercle is exceed-
ingly indistinct (text-figs. 33 and 40) There is a vertical row of five spines
along the antennal groove, but in one species (/). ingens) this comb is reduced
to one or two spines, or is absent. The vestigial eye is placed above the row, and
( 562 )
simulates a sixth spine. The genal process is broad and obtnse, and is separated
from the oral edge by a deep sinus, which is partly covered by the first and
second spines of the genal comb. The antenna is inserted near the vertex in
both sexes. Its first segment is very large, being as long as the club and bearing
numerous short bristles, The second segment is very short, except on the anterior
side, where it is much produced distad, The first segment of the maxillary palpus
is longer than, or as long as, the second, and this is about as long as the fourth, or
longer, the third being the shortest. The labial palpus consists of five segments.
The pronotum is long and bears two or three rows of bristles, besides a comb of
more than twenty-five spines. The thoracic and abdominal tergites are denticulate
at the apical margins, particularly the proximal abdominal segments. The meta-
notum has no comb of spines, while the following four or five abdominal segments
(usually with the exception of the first) bear a lateral comb of short, stout spines.
The basal abdominal sternite has always a number of small bristles on the sides,
the small bristles in front of the postmedian row of long ones of the other sternites
are numerous, and the median tergites have at least three rows of bristles. There
are three long antepygidial bristles in both sexes, and the eighth tergite has on
each side at least eight bristles above the stigma.
The tibiae bear numerous bristles on.the outer surface. The outer dorsal
bristles form a comb, as in Leptopsylla, Hystrichopsylla, ete., while four or five
inner dorsal bristles are prolonged. The first midtarsal segment is much longer
than the second. . The fifth segment of the tarsi bears four pairs of lateral ventral
bristles (in zzgens five pairs !), besides an additional pair on the ventral surface near
the base.
The modified abdominal segments are very similar in all the species. In
the ¢ the eighth tergite is small and the sternite very large. The ninth tergite is
laterally strongly chitinised, a trapeziform plate being formed which bears a row of
bristles at the apical margin and two exopodites at the lower distal angle. The
upper exopodite (F! in our figures) is very long, and reminds one of a sail of a
windmill. It is provided with very thin bristles and bears a short, stout, blunt
spine at the lower distal corner on the inside. The second process (F? in our
figures) is quite short. The horizontal arm of the ninth sternite (one on each side)
is more or less dilated at the apex and studded along the ventral margin with
moderately thick bristles, of which the distal ones are always short and sharply
pointed, The anal segment is long, and there is, proximally to the anal sternite,
always a very distinct plate, of which the trae homology is still obscure (this
sclerite is found in many Siphonaptera). In the $ the seventh sternite has a
broad and very shallow apical sinus in all the species, varying but little. The
eighth sternite is narrow, long, blade-like, with the tip obtuse. The anal segment,
especially the sternite, is long, and bears namerous bristles. The stylet is slender,
conical. There is one receptaculum seminis, of which the head is about as long as
the tail.
Genotype: J). ellobius Roths. (1904, as Ctenopsyllus).
Dinopsyllus ingens is a specialised branch which stands apart from the other
species of the genus. But, as we may expect intermediate forms to be discovered,
it is not advisable at present to place zmgens in a separate genus.
Dinopsyllus is confined to Africa south of the Sahara, and contains only large
species. It is easily distinguished from Palaeopsylla Wagn. (1902) and Lepto-
psylla Roths. (1911) by the hairiness of the body, the long first segment of the
;
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:
{
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ee
epee Velie »
( 563 )
antenna, the long pronotum, etc. The species of Dinopsyllus differ from Palaeo-
psylla also in some characters which they have in common with Leptopsylla—
viz. the comb-like dorsal bristles of the tibiae and the long first segment of the
midtarsus—and, on the other hand, are distinguished from Leptopsylla by the
non-angulate frons and the absence of spine-like frontal bristles, besides the pre-
viously mentioned differences. The species of Dinopsyllus are at first sight very
uniform in structure, particularly in the modified abdominal segments, and some
of them exhibit obvious differences only in the males ; at any rate, we have not
been successful in finding the differences in the females of two of the species. The
study of Dinopsyllus, therefore, presents some difficulties.
Besides the genotype, )). ellobius, two other species belonging here have been
previously described by the jnnior author as Typhlopsylla ingens and Ctenopsyllus
hirsutus. The description of ed/obius was based on a single pair and that of Azrsutus
on one female, all in but moderate state of preservation. As we now have a
number of species with which we can compare edlobius and hirsutus, it appears
desirable to point out the main characteristics in which each known species differs
from its congeners. For that reason we propose to enumerate here all the species of
Dinopsyllus with which we are acquainted, whether they were obtained by Mr. Kemp
or some other collector. The genus is evidently one of the chief features of the
Ethiopian fauna of Siphonaptera.
The collection made by Mr. Kemp contains no less than eight species, all being
new to science.
30. Dinopsyllus echinus spec. nov. (text-figs. 31 and 32).
32. The largest species found by Mr. Kemp. It is at once recognised by the
peculiar structure of the derm. The raised lines of the exoskeleton form a network
of rather small and in many places almost regular meshes, generally hexagonal.
On the sides, however, the transverse connections are so thin that the reticulation
appears to be replaced by dorso-ventral lines only connected irregularly. These
lines have the appearance of being densely though minutely denticulated, which is
not the case in any other species known to us. The denticulation is quite distinct
even in unmounted specimens. The teeth are the proximal portions of the trans-
verse lines, of which the distal portions are not visible in transmitted light. The
Species greatly resembles in size and general appearance D). Airsutus Roths. (1908).
Head.—The frons is evenly rounded in the ¢ and inclines very little backwards,
being broad ventrally, the distance of the frontal oral corner to the tip of the
lowest genal spine being larger than the distance from that corner to the vestigial
frontal tubercle. The latter is situated below the centre of the frons. The genal
process measured from the tip of the second genal spine is as long as this spine
measured from the tip of the third spine. The bristles of the head are essentially
the same as in other species of this genus. ‘The maxillary palpus is characterised
by the second segment being longer than usual, the measurements, which vary to
a slight extent, being: ¢ 24, 22, 15,19; ?% 25, 25, 15, 22.
Thoraz.—Vhe pronotum has a comb of thirty-five to thirty-eight spines and
three rows of bristles, of which the anterior row is incomplete. The mesonotum
bears dorsally seven to eight rows of bristles, and has, as in other species, a couple
of setiform spines near the apex internally on both sides. The metanotum bears
only five rows of bristles. The metepimerum has from thirty-five to fifty bristles.
Abdomen.—The basal abdominal sternite has seven bristles in the ¢ and from
( 564 )
twenty-three to thirty-five in the 2. The central segments bear dorsally five
rows of bristles. Most specimens are provided with four combs of spines on
segments II-V, the gd sometimes (e.g. in the type-specimen) bearing a spine at
the apex of the segment I. The numbers of spines in the combs are as follows :
1-7-9; JED8=19, TV 8-185 V0,
Legs.—These agree with the legs of the other species of the genus.
Modified Segments.—S. The ventral angle of the eighth sternite (text-fig. 31) is
Fie, 31.—Dinopsyllus echinus.
rounded off and bears two bristles, the interspace between which either nearly equals,
or is almost twice as wide as, the groove of the upper bristle, which is the larger
Witst. aoe —~. &
= — —_——>
—— - <— ce
— ee 1
Pan ——-
Vikst
Fig. 32,—Dinopsyllus echinus.
of the pair. The long process of the clasper is slightly more convex on the upper
side than on the lower, and is widest proximally to the centre. Its upper margin
( 565 )
is three and a half times as long as the largest transverse diameter of this process.
The ninth sternite bears three sets of bristles on the ventral side, an apical row of
nine or ten, of which the last two are long, a median row of seven or eight, and
a number of thin bristles situated along the proximal half of the segment. The
dilated apex of the ninth sternite is dorsally flattened. ?. The seventh sternite
(text-fig. 32) is rather deeply sinuate. The distance of the long subapical bristles
of this sternite from the bottom of the sinus equals at the most the distance between
four bristles of the last row of the seventh tergite. The eighth tergite nearly
always bears four bristles above the apical sinus and, as in the other species, a thin
one in the sinus, one example having three instead of four bristles.
Length (mounted specimens): 3 4°5 mm., 2 4°5 to 5-7 mm.
1 and 2 ? ? from Mutaragwa, March 7, 1910, off Epimys jacksoni.
1 ¢ from Mt. Kenia, December 5, 1910, off Lophuromys vena.
1 3 and 1 ? from Igembi Hills, N.E. of Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa,
February 15, 1911, off Epimys spec.
24d and 3 2? ? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., Brit. H. Africa, March 1-14,
_ 1911, off Lophuromys zena.
2 22 from Muhamba, Lake Kivu, March 20, 1911, off Lophuromys zena.
1 2 from Kidaha, Mutanda, Uganda, off Lophuromys spec.
1 ? from Kigezi, Uganda, April 12,1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens.
31. Dinopsyllus hirsutus Roths. (1908).
Ctenopsyllus hirsutus Rothschild, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) xix. p. 78. no. 4. tab. 1. fig. 4 (1908) (Ruwenzori).
Described from a single 2 obtained on Mus univittatus lunaris. This specimen
agrees closely with the females of the preceding species, but the differences are
such that they would not justify us in treating Avrsutus and echinus as being the
same insect.
2. D. hirsutus shares with D. echinus the dense reticulation of the body, the
long second segment of the maxillary palpus, the shape of the outline of the head,
and the size, but is distinguished by the following characters. The denticulate
appearance of the sides of the abdomen is absent from D. Airsutus, the metepi-
merum bears only 27 (24)* bristles, and the combs of the abdomen contain very
few spines, the numbers being 5, 3, 2, 0 (4, 3, 2, 0). Moreover, the seventh
tergite is abruptly dilated below the antepygidial bristles into an almost rectangular
lobe, the corresponding lobe of D). echinus being much more rounded and projecting
much less. The distance of the long bristle nearest to the base of the sinus of the
seventh sternite is much larger than in J). echinus, equalling the distance between
six bristles of the subapical row of the seventh tergite. The eighth tergite bears
three bristles at the apical margin above the sinus, the upper bristle being much
stouter and shorter than the second. The basal abdominal sternite bears 16 (17)
bristles on the side in D. hirsutus, and 22 to 35 in the 2 of D. echinus.
Mr. Kemp did not meet with this species.
In the species now following the surface of the body does not bear a distinct
reticulation except in a few restricted places—e.g. on the abdominal sternites in
between the bristles—whereas the vertical lines are very obvious. There are few
transverse connections between these lines. The difference between the preceding
* The numbers in brackets refer to the other side of the body.
( 566 )
species and the following ones is even more pronounced in reflected light than in
transparent light, the whole body of D. echinus and hirsutus having the appearance
of being densely covered with an armour of small scales, while in, the following
species only the dorso-ventral lines are visible.
An imitation of small teeth occurs in all the following species in the apical area
of the abdominal sternites, and is observed, as may incidentally be mentioned, in
many other Siphonaptera, e.g. Leptopsylla.
32. Dinopsyllus longifrons spec. nov. (text-figs. 33 and 34).
3 ?. On an average larger than the following species, but smaller than the
previous ones. The frons is longer in the ¢ than in any other known species, with
the exception of the one from Angola described as No. 39 of this paper. The
pronotum, as a rule, has three rows of bristles in both sexes, the abdominal bristles
are very numerous, in the ? particularly on the basal sternite and eighth tergite,
and the ¢ has usually a comb on the first abdominal tergite.
Head.—The frons, in the 6, is very strongly curved (text-fig. 33) in the region
of the frontal tubercle and almost straight farther down, the outline being nearly —
Fic. 33.—Dinopsyllus longifrons.
parallel with the row of genal spines. The vestigial frontal tubercle is situated at
two-thirds in the ¢ and in the centre or a little below it in the 2. The distance of
the tip of the first genal spine from the frontal oral corner is less than half the
levgth of the frons. There is a row of five or six bristles above the vestigial eye,
one longer bristle immediately below this row, and a long one farther down at some
distance in front of the third genal spine (counted from below), Numerous small
bristles varying in number are placed on the frons from the vestigial frontal tubercle
downwards, besides five or six medium-sized ones, which are situated at and near
the frontal and genal edges. The occiput bears three rows of bristles, the last row
containing fifteen or sixteen on the two sides together. The proportional lengths of
the segments of the maxillary palpus are 21-22, 15-17, 11-12, 16-17. The head
of the ¢ agrees with that of the d, except in the frons being much shorter, more
( 567 )
evenly rounded and broader. The short bristles found above the antennal groove
and on the first segment of the antenna are more numerous in the ? than in the d,
the ?-antenua, in addition, being much shorter.
Thorax.—The pronotum has a comb of 27-29 spines in the ¢ and 29-31 in
the ?, and bears in most specimens three rows of bristles, containing in the ¢ 9-11,
16-19 and 14 bristles respectively, the numbers being in the ? 0-3, 18-19, 13-14.
The mesonotum has seven rows of bristles, the anterior rows being irregular and
incomplete ; the metanotum has six rows, of which the first is represented by a few
bristles only. The mesopleura bear in the ¢ 27-30 bristles and in the ? 34-50, the
metepimerum having at least twenty-nine in both sexes.
Abdomen.—In most ¢ ¢o the first abdominal tergite bears a comb of a few
spines, but apparently never in the 2. The second to fifth tergites have a lateral
comb in the ¢ and the second to fourth in the ?, the sixth of the d and fifth of the
2 bearing occasionally a single spine. The numbers of spines in the combs on
each side are: d—I 0-4, II 8-11, III 8-13, LV 11-15, V 6-9, YI 0-1, and in the
? 10, IL 4-6, III 5-7, LV 3-7, V 0-1. The tergites I-VII bear each four rows of
bristles with a few additional small bristles in front. The bristles of the tergites
are more numerous in the d than in the ?. The basal sternite has ten to fourteen
small lateral bristles in the d and seventeen to twenty-three in the 2, besides a
number of bristles placed at the ventral margin. ‘The posterior row on the sternites
of segments IIJ-VI contains on the two sides together eight to eleven long bristles
in both sexes, there being twenty-five to forty-five bristles in front of the row.
Legs.—The forecoxa has about a hundred bristles on the outer surface and
the margins, and the forefemur about ten to fifteen small lateral bristles on the
outside in the ¢ and sixteen to twenty-two in the ?. The mid- and hindfemora
have lateral bristles only at and near the apex. The comb-like dorsal bristles of
the foretibia number eleven or twelve, while those of the hindtibia vary from fifteen
to nineteen. Lach tibia bears four long inner dorsal bristles, the corresponding
bristle of the first notch on the foretibia also being prolonged. The bristles of the
tarsi are short bat very numerous. Many of the additional lateral bristles are
rather pale, such bristles being particularly numerous on the anterior side of the
second hindtarsal segment. The measurements of the tarsi are as follows in
two pairs :
Foretarsus: G—17,15,11,8,16; %—21, 15, 11, 8, 18.
19, 16, 11, 8, 17; 21, 15, 11, 8, 18.
Midtarsus: 3—29, 20, 12,9,20; %—387, 23, 14, 9, 18.
35, 25, 15, 10, 20; 38, 24, 14, 9, 18.
Hindtarsus : ¢—55, 41, 24, 13,20; %—65, 42, 23, 14, 19.
64, 44, 25, 15, 21; 63, 45, 24, 15, 22.
Modified Segments.—6. The eighth tergite (text-fig. 34) bears about a dozen
short bristles above the stigma on each side. The eighth sternite has the apical
margin slightly incarved; the lower angle projecting a little, though it is strongly
rounded off. The bristles number about fifty-five to sixty, and are divided by a
naked apical area into an upper and a lower set, as shown in the figure. The ninth
tergite bears a row of hairs below the sensory plate and four large bristles at the
apical margin of the lateral incrassate portion which corresponds to the clasper of
other Siphonaptera, these long bristles being accompanied by one or two small ones.
The long process F! is more strongly widened in the centre than in the other known
( 568 )
species of Dinopsyllus, and its upper apical angle projects distinctly. The bristles
of the ninth sternite, though somewhat variable, exhibit a common plan of arrange-
ment in all the specimens, There is an apical series of seven to nine, of which the
two posterior bristles—occasionally separated by a short one—are long. In a
proximal direction several minute hairs follow, then a solitary long bristle, and one
or more minute hairs, and finally a row of small and moderately long bristles
(text-fig. 34).——-?. The seventh sternite has nearly the same outline in all the
species, the apical margin bearing a broad and shallow sinus. This sclerite has in
longifrons a postmedian row of-from fifteen to nineteen long bristles on the two
sides together, there being from forty-seven to over sixty smaller bristles in front
of the row. The eighth tergite bears about fifty bristles below the stigma and about
twenty above it, on each side. The apical margin of this tergite is sinuate above
the veutral angle, which is pointed, a thin bristle being placed in the sinus and three
———— == =
— & Ss SSS
¢ =
SSS SS See
= c —— = 2
VilLst.
Fic. 34.—Dinopsyllus longifrons.
larger ones above it. There is an oblique subapical row of four bristles on the inner
surface of the eighth tergite. The receptaculum seminis has a hump on the upper
side of the head.
Length (mounted specimens) : ¢ 35-4 mm. ; ¢ 4°38-5°2 mm.
23 and1 2 from Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, February 13, 1910,
off Tachyoryctes audax ;—type.
1 2 from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare, February 24, 1910, Ofomys trroratus elgonis.
2 2 ¢ from Rumruti, British Hast Africa, October 31, 1910, off Thamnomys spec.
1 3 from Rumruti, British Hast Africa, October 28, 1910.
1 2? from Nakura, British Hast Africa, September 21, 1910, off Arvicanthis
abyssinicus rubescens. ‘
1 3 from Mt. Kenia, British Bast Africa, December 18, 1910, off Lpimuys spec.
1 & from Kigezi, Uganda, April 28, 1911, of Lophuromys spec.
1 2 from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.
( 569 )
1 ¢ from Mbarara, Uganda, July 30, 1911, off Oenomys spec.
1 3 and1 ? from Mt. Kenia, off Hpimys spec.
1 ? from Kiduhu, Uganda, off Lophuromys spec.
2 2 ¢ from Kigezi, Uganda, April 27, 1911.
1 2.from Kigezi, April 12, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens.
1 ? from Chaya, Belgian Congo, June 17, 1911, off the same host.
33. Dinopsyllus apistus spec. nov. (text-fig. 35).
This species and the next are easily distinguished in the $d, but the ? ? do
not seem to present any reliable differences, provided that the specimens which we
presume to be the females of apistus belong to this species and not to the next.
Fic. 35.—Dinopsyllus apistus.
D. apistus and all the following species are so closely allied to ). longifrons
that most of the characters mentioned in the above description of that species apply
equally well to these other species. For the sake of brevity we shall therefore
endeavour to avoid repetition, and confine the descriptions of the following species
as much as possible to the main distinguishing characters. With the exception
of the last species (from Angola) the thorax and abdomen bear less bristles than
in D. longifrons, the spines in the abdominal combs are less numerous, the od
have no comb on the first abdominal tergite the eighth abdominal tergite of
the 2? has less than forty bristles below the stigma, the frons of the dd is
shorter, and their clasping organs exhibit some distinctions in shape and in the
number and position of the bristles.
3. D. apistus 3 is recognised by the apical ventral angle of the eighth
37
(570 )
sternite being produced and bearing two long bristles placed close together
(text-fig. 35). The process F' of the clasper, moreover, is a little less widened in
the centre than in 1). longifrons. The ninth sternite (LX. st.) is strongly rounded
dorsally at the apex and very slender in the centre. It bears about six small
and slender bristles in the proximal two-fifths, no bristles in the central fifth, and
a slightly variable comb of stiff bristles in the apical third, either two (type) or
three of the bristles of this comb being as long as the sclerite is broad at the widest,
point of the dilated apex.
The distances of the oral frontal corner from the tip of the ventral spine of the
genal comb on the one hand and from the centre of the vestigial frontal tubercle on
the other are 66 and 100 respectively. The mesonotum has six rows of bristles
(the anterior rows being irregular) and the metanotum five or six rows. The
mesopleura bear sixteen to eighteen bristles, the metepimerum nineteen to twenty-
two, the first abdominal sternite five to seven, the seventh sternite (on the two
sides together) a row of eight, and seventeen to twenty additional smaller bristles,
and the eighth sternite about forty-two bristles. One of the specimens has only one
apical spine on each of the abdominal segments II, III, and IV, while other examples
have several spines—e.g. the type bears on one side 3, 3, 4,1 spines, and on the
other 2, 3, 5, 1.
One of the gd (see below) is accompanied by two ? ? ; these three specimens,
being taken off the same individual of the host, are, presumably, one species. The
two $2 agree in most details with one another, but do not present any marked
difference from ? ¢ obtained in other localities and on other hosts, and belonging
to some other species—e.g. D. lypusus. The number of bristles on some of the
segments are as follows: The mesopleura have seventeen or nineteen bristles, the
metepimerum twenty-four or twenty-five, the first abdominal sternite fifteen or
sixteen, the seventh tergite a row of twelve and twenty small additional bristles on
the two sides together in both specimens, the seventh sternite a row of sixteen and
forty-six additional bristles, also in both examples, and the eighth tergite twenty-
nine or thirty-five bristles below the stigma. There are three abdominal combs,
consisting of 3, 4, 4 and 3, 4, 5 spines.
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3—35 mm.; ? 35 mm.
1 3 and 2 2 2? from Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, December 25, 1910.
1 3 from Mt. Kenia, British Bast Africa, December 13, 1910, off Lpimys jacksoni.
1¢ from Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa, January 2, 1911, off the same host.
1 gd from Kigezi, Uganda, April 28, 1911, off Lophuromys spec. ;—type.
1 3 from Mt. Kenia, British Hast Africa, January 3, 1911, off Heliosciurus heniae.
34. Dinopsyllus lypusus spec. noy. (text-figs. 36 and 37).
Hvidently the commonest species of the genus in British Hast Africa and
Uganda.
3. The ventral apical angle of the eighth abdominal sternite (text-fig. 36) is
strongly rounded off, not being produced as in D. apistus, and bears two bristles,
the space between which is about twice as wide as the groove of a bristle.
Proximally to these bristles there is a very long one, as shown in the figure. The
number of bristles on the eighth sternite is sixty odd (on each side). The process
F! of the clasper is practically the same as in D. apistus, but the ninth sternite is
characterised by bearing an apical row of eight bristles, of which the posterior three
are long, a median row of five to eight, and a few thin proximal bristles.
| pth aye
=
oy at P ia Chey acne:
:
Pca,
pleat ted
Shee ye te re Fie
( 571 )
The type-specimen has twenty-seven bristles on the mesopleura, twenty-five on
the metepimerum on one side and twenty-nine on the other, thirteen small ones on
€ A ----W0s.
a rem LZ
“=e
—
q— ae
—e
— is
Fia. 37.—Dinopsyllus lypusus.
the basal sternite, and four abdominal combs consisting of 4, 5, 7 and 1 spines
on one side and 4, 7, 6 and 2 on the other.
( 572 )
Some specimens which we consider as belonging to this species have a vestigial
third row of bristles on the pronotum. A series of five dd (and four ? ?) taken
off Hpimys medicatus at Nairobi, moreover, proves the bristles on the ninth
sternite of the ¢ to be variable in number, particularly the median series. The
numbers of teeth in the abdominal combs of these five dg are as follows (one side
only counted): 4, 5, 7, 5—4, 4, 4, 1—3, 5, 5, 0—4, 6, 5, 3—4, 5, 4, 2.
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3°3—4 mm.; ¢ 3-4—4°3 mm.
1 3 and 2 2? ? from Rumruati, British East Africa, October 31, 1910, off Nasilio.
delameret.
3 39¢o from Rumrnti, October 26 and November 8, 1910, off Hpimys medicatus..
2 2 from Rumrati, October 27 and 28, 1911, off Arvicanthis massaicus.
13 and 2 2 ¢ from Rombo, Kilimanjaro, June 7 and 21, 1910, off Arvicanthis:
ardens.
1? from Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., March 1 and 14, 1910, off Lophu-.
romys Zena.
29% from Nairobi, British East Africa, September 16, 1910, off Arvicanthis.
spec.
? from Nairobi, September 12, 1910, off Otomys spec.
from Nairobi, September 13, 1910, off Arvicanthis spec.
2¢
ine
53 and 4 2? 2 from Nairobi, September 12, 1910, off Epimys medicatus.
g
g
? from Nakura, British East Africa, September 20, 1910, off Epimys spec.
from Naivasha, British Hast Africa, September 17, 1910, off Epimys spec.
1 2 from Igembi Hills, British East Africa, February 15, 1911, off Otomys spec.
2929 from Masaka, Uganda, March 27, 1911, off Arvicanthus abyssinicus:
rubescens.
1 3 from Masaka, Uganda, July 31, 1911, off Otomys spec.
1¢ from Kigezi, Uganda, April 2, 1911, off Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens.
233 and 7 $? from Mbarara, Uganda, April 3, 1911, off Oenomys spec.
1 ? from Mbarara, Uganda, July 28, 1911, off Oenomys spec.
1 2 from Kagambah, Uganda, July 10, 1911, off Hpimys walambae pedester.
1 ? from Kagambah, July 14, 1911, off Lophuromys spec.
1 ? from Kagambah, July 14, 1911, off Dasymys medius. f
1¢ and1 ? from Nalasanji, Uganda, July 8, 1911, off Lophuromys ansorget.
2
1
35. Dinopsyllus grypurus spec. nov. (text-fig. 38).
6. Similar to D, lypusus, but abundantly distinct in the clasping organs..
The eighth abdominal segment is as in D. lypusus. The two bristles which are
placed near the ventral apical angle are sometimes close together, occasionally
(e.g. in the type-specimen) the space between them is about twice as wide as the
groove of a bristle. The long process ' of the clasper is of nearly even width
throughout and, in contradistinction to all the other species, is bent upwards.
The apex of the ninth sternite (text-fig. 88) is more rounded ventrally than in the
other forms, and the short bristles placed there are straight and thin, at any
rate thinner than in the other species. The number of bristles on the ninth
sternite is not constant, being different to some extent even on the right and left.
halves of the sternite. There is an apical set of from five to eight, of which
two or only one is long, then follows (proximad) a gap with minute bristles,
sometimes interrupted by a single moderately long one (as in fig. 38), and then
( 573 )
a set of three or four, of which one is somewhat prolonged, there being also some
additional minute bristles at the ventral edge farther proximally.
The frons is a trifle longer than in D. /ypusus, The meso- and metanota bear
five rows of bristles, the former having a few additional bristles dorsally near the
base. The mesopleura are studded with eighteen bristles, the metepimerum with
twenty-one to twenty-four, and the first abdominal sternite with three to nine. The
abdominal combs consist of the following spines in the three mounted specimens,
S— ee a" S
M ~— Le ‘sp
' re = La.
" [ vin — é Soe ve
’ (Sh —-> — Pas
« Se
Se eS ZA
SS) =
—— y « eS Ist
ic A
aS a ee ‘
= <
a \ € aN
G =
| \ Fas eee
i en cask iS Ze
Vullist
Fic. 38.—Dinopsyllus grypurus.
the figures in brackets referring to the combs of the other side of the same
specimen : 3, 2, 4 (2, 6, 5)--4, 4, 4 (4, 4, 4)—3, 4, 6 (5, 3, 4).
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3:0-3°5 mm,
434 from Mnutaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British East Africa, March 24, 1910,
off Dendromys nigrifrons ;—type.
1¢ from Mt. Kinangop, Aberdare Mts., March 1, 1910, off Crocidura fumosa.
36. Dinopsyllus eremus spec. noy. (text-fig. 39).
?. Two females obtained by Mr. Kemp in Belgian Congo and one in British
East Africa differ so much in the receptaculum seminis from all other females that
we have no doubt of their specific distinctness. In all the females, inclusive of
D. echinus and hirsutus, the receptaculum has a prominent hump on the upper
side of the “ head,” and apparently does not present any differences in the various
species. On the other hand, the receptaculam seminis of D. eremus has no hump
whatever (text-fig. 39).
The specimen, moreover, is distinguished from D. lypusus and apistus by the
slightly different position of the vestigial frontal tubercle. In the two species
mentioned the tubercle is situated in the 2, a little nearer to the frontal oral
corner than to the hind edge of the frons, while in ). eremus the reverse is the case.
The occiput measured along the dorsal line is twice as long as the distance of
the antennal groove (on the vertex) to the frontal tubercle in D, eremus, and
only aboat half as long again as that distance in D. /ypusus and apistus. The
(574 )
pronotum is longer than in the species mentioned, particularly the comb, which
contains thirty-five spines. The mesopleura bear 20 (19) bristles, the metepimerum
has 26 (25), the basal abdominal sternite 13 (13), the seventh tergite on the two sides
together a row of nine long bristles, and in front of the row twenty-one additional
bristles, the numbers on the seventh sternite being thirteen and forty-eight, and the
eighth tergite has on each side six bristles above the stigma and thirty-one to thirty-
seven below it. The three combs of the abdomen contain 4, 4, 6(4, 2, 6) spines.
The numbers in brackets refer to the other side. The stylet is half as long again as
in D. apistus and lypusus, being as long as in the much larger D. Airsutus and
equalling twice the distance between the first and second bristles of the posterior
Fig. 39.—Dinopsyllus eremus.
row on the sixth tergite. The apical margin of the seventh sternite is more
oblique than in the allied species, the sinus being shallow and the upper lobe
less prominent.
Length (mounted specimen): 3-8 mm.
1 ? from Mt. Mikeno, Belgian Congo, off Lophuromys spec. ;—type.
1 ? from Buhamba, near Lake Kivu, Belgian Congo, June 1, 1911.
1 ? from Igembi Hills, British Hast Africa, February 13, 1911, off Thamnomys
spec.
37. Dinopsyllus kempi spec. nov. (text-fig. 40).
3. A single specimen of Dinopsyllus was found by Mr. Kemp on Graphiurus
microtus saturatus. This example, though closely agreeing with D. lypusus in other
respects, is remarkable for its short round frons, which is more like that of a
lypusus ? thana d. In this character ). kempi comes very near to D. ellobius
Roths, (1904). The vestigial tubercle is exactly in the centre of the frons (text-
fig. 40). The genal process is longer and broader than in D. apistus, lypusus,
and edlobius, and the second genal spine (counted from below) slenderer.
( 575 )
The pronotum has a comb of thirty-one spines and bears two rows of bristles.
The mesopleura have 20 (21) bristles, the metepimerum bears 17 (18), the basal ab-
dominal sternite 8 (6), and the eighth sternite 36 (38). There are four combs on the
abdomen on segments II to V, the numbers of teeth being 7, 8, 8, 8 (7, 9, 10, 4).
The seventh tergite bears a row of eighteen long bristles, and only eleven
Fie. 40.—Dinopsyllus hempi.
additional bristles in front of the row on the two sides together, the numbers on
the seventh sternite being eight and twenty-four respectively.
The apical ventral angle of the eighth sternite is less rounded than in
D. lypusus, but more so than in D. apistus, and the two long bristles placed near
this angle are farther apart from each other than in the allied species, The
ninth sternite bears an apical row of eight bristles, of which two or three are
long, then follow two moderately long bristles and farther proximally a row of four
or five bristles.
Length (mounted specimen) 3-6 mm.
1 3 from Mntaragwa, Aberdare Mts., British Hast Africa, March 13, 1910, off
Graphiurus microtus saturatus.
38. Dinopsyllus ellobius Roths. (1905).
Ctenopsyllus ellobius Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xii. p. 490. no, 9. t. 14. fig, 13-15 (1905) (Zululand).
The frous is short and ventrally very broad, the head agreeing best with that
of D. kempi. The distance between the tip of the lowest genal spine and the
frontal oral corner is larger than (d) or as large as (?) that between the frontal
oral corner and the vestigial frontal tubercle. This tubercle is placed below the
centre of the frons in both sexes. The eighth sternite of the ¢ is strongly rounded
off apically, and the two bristles placed near its ventral apical corner (which is quite
effaced) are quite close together.
We take the opportunity of also describing the following species from Angola
collected by Dr. Ansorge.
( 576 )
39. Dinopsyllus horridus spec. (text-fig. 41).
3%. A near relation of D. longifrons, from which it differs chiefly in the
d-genitalia. The upper and lower antepygidial bristles are of practically even
length in the d as well as the $. The last but one genal spine is broader than
in D. longifrons. Both sexes have three rows of bristles on the pronotum, and a
pronotal comb of thirty or thirty-one spines. The mesopleura bear 38 (37)
bristles and the metepimeram 32 (33) in both sexes, the basal abdominal sternite
having 15 (17) in the 3, and 23 (23) inthe . The eighth sternite has on each
side 56 (61) in the d, and the eighth tergite below the stigma 39 (41) in the 2,
while the seventh tergite bears on both sides together a row of twenty-three long
bristles, and forty-eight additional bristles in the d, and sixteen and thirty-six
“VIL st.
Fig. 41.—Dinopsyllus horridus.
respectively in the ?, the numbers of bristles on the seventh sternite being in the
3 11 + 41, and in the 2? 20 + 68. The species has a comb on the first abdominal
tergite in both sexes, the spines in the other abdominal combs being in the ¢
2, 7, 8, 9, 3 (1, 8, 8, 9, 3) and in the 2 2, 8, 9, 8, 0 (2, 7, 8, 8, 0).
The ninth tergite (text-fig. 41) of the d has six or seven long bristles at the
oblique distal margin. The long process of the clasper is less widened in the
middle than in D. longifrons, and its upper distal angle a little less prominent.
The ninth sternite (IX. st.) is much slenderer distally than in any of the other
species, and bears a dense comb of bristles from the apex to the centre, the series
being interrupted twice (text-fig. 41).
Length (mounted specimens): ¢ 3-5 mm., ? 4:3 mm.
1 3 and 1 ? from Pedreira, Angola, November 12, 1904, off Petromys campanae,
collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.
~
ied
OA dire Miah OY amin
Pit. Dee allt BA cee
PEE TET, 0 if Mieke ted Re tlh pail
reat aT
(577)
The 2 specimen bears on the sixth abdominal segment a long and stout
apical bristle corresponding to the antepygidial bristles of the seventh segment.
The apical margin is sinuate where this bristle is placed.
40. Dinopsyllus ingens Roths. (1900).
Typhlopsylla ingens Rothschild, Ent. Rec. xii. p. 37. t. 2. fig. 4 (1900) (Cape Colony).
A strongly modified species. The combs of the head and abdomen have almost
disappeared, while the bristles, particularly those on the legs, are more numerons
and longer than in any other species of Dinopsyllus. The species is only known
from South Africa.
Key to the species of Dinopsyllus :
I. Surface of body densely reticulated ; five genal spines.
a. Comb of third abdominal segment containing at least eight spines,
metepimerum with at least thirty-five bristles. D. echinus spec. nov.
Comb of third abdominal segment containing three spines, metepimeram
with twenty-seven or less bristles . . D. hirsutus Roths. (1908)
IJ. Surface of body with dorso-ventral lines ; five genal spines.
A. 3¢ (not known of eremus).
b. Vestigial frontal tubercle in or below centre of frons . 3 pcs
» above centre of frons . F : a Oh
c. The xe brite: placed near the ventral distal angle of the eighth
sternite close together . j : . D. ellobius Roths. (1805)
These two bristles widely apart . : é . D. kempi spec, nov.
d. Long process of clasper curved upwards from base to centre
D. grypurus spec. nov.
The upper and undersides of this process convex . : : ie?
e. Ventral apical angle of eighth sternite strongly produced ; two bristles
at tip of angle very close together . : . D. apistus spec. nov.
The angle rounded off . j ; ; ; . My:
f. The row of bristles on the ninth sea mlraced continuous .
D. horridus spec. nov.
The row widely interrupted é : gy:
g. Combs on second and third abdominal segments vith Fak: or more
spines . : : : . D2. longifrons spec. nov.
These combs with six or fee spines. : . D. lypusus spec. nov,
B. ? 2 (not known of hempi and grypurus).
h. Head of receptaculum seminis without hamp . D. eremus spec. nov.
7" * 55 with prominent hump . c as
i. Metepimerum with more than twenty-eight bristles. , SE
5 ,, Jess than twenty-six ‘4 : : vanity
j. First abdominal tergite with apical spines . D. horridus spec. noy.
3 », Without apical spines ). longifr ons spec. Noy,
hk. Bifience from frontal oral angle to tip of first genal spine larger than
distance to frontal tubercle . , . D. ellobius Roths, (1905)
The former distance shorter than the latter. 2), lypusus spec. nov. and
D, apistus spec, nov.
Ill. 0 to 2 genal spines . ‘ : : é . D. ingens Roths. (1900)
( 578 )
Hypsophthalmus gen. nov.
3$?. Allied to Chimaeropsylla, Dinopsyllus, Palaeopsylla and Leptopsylla.
Genal comb vertical. Hye near base of antenna. Labial palpus consisting of four
segments. Frons without short stout spiniform bristles near anterior margin.
Mandibles slender. One long antepygidial bristle accompanied by two very small
oues. Vertical lines of metepimerum ventrally not more numerous than dorsally
Hindcoxa on inuer surface with a comb or patch of small spiniform bristles. Fifth
segment in all tarsi with four pairs of plantar bristles, all lateral.
Genotype: H. campestris spec. nov.
We also place here the species described as Ctenopsyllus aganippes Roths.
(1902) and Ctenopsyllus granti Roths. (1904), both from the Cape Colony. The
three species agree in the characters mentioned above, but differ 7vter se so widely
in other structures that they may ultimately be classified under different genera.
41. Hypsophthalmus campestris spec. nov. (text-figs. 42, 43 and 44).
3. The frons is almost evenly curved, being minutely angulate just below
the centre. The structnre of the skeleton is different above and below the angle,
Fic. 42.—Hypsophthalmus campestris 9.
as is also the case in Leptopsylla (and some other genera). An internal incrassation
situated below the angle extends from the anterior edge of the frons inwards,
terminating and being most strongly chitinised near the base of the last but one
genal spine (counted from below). There is a row of six bristles along the frontal
edge, ove bristle behind the eye, a second in front of the penultimate genal spine,
and a third nearly on a level with the most ventral bristle of the anterior row. On
the portion of the frons below the angle there are three pale dots, two being placed
close to the comb and the third towards the anterior margin. The genal comb
contains five spines as in Dinopsyllus, the second from below being the longest.
Liar YR Pr.
(579 )
All the spines are rounded at the tip. Above the comb in close proximity to the
fast spine there is the strongly chitinised eye, which appears to be reduced as
regards its function as an organ of sight. The occiput has three rows of bristles.
The antennal groove is closed. The bristles on the second segment of the antenna
are short in both sexes. The club reaches to the hindmargin of the antennal groove,
being very little shorter in the ¢ than in the ¢. The proboscis extends a little
beyond the centre of the forecoxa.
Thorax.—The pronotum has one row of bristles and a comb of twelve obtuse
spines, the apical lobe situated below the comb being about as wide as two spines
taken together. The mesonotum, which is somewhat shorter than the metanotum,
bears two rows of bristles, some additional dorsal bristles and a basal row of very
small ones, besides some internal subapical setiform spines, of which one is placed
a short distance above the ventral angle. The mesopleura have five or six bristles.
There are two bristles, one long and one short, on the metepisternum, one on the
metasternum, two complete rows and an incomplete one on the metanotum, and six
or seven bristles (3,3 or 4) on the metepimerum. The apical edge of the metanotum
is denticulate like the abdominal tergites, but has no spines.
Abdomen. —The tergites bear two rows of bristles, but the anterior row is only
represented by a few bristles on the posterior segments. One bristle is placed
below the stigma. The posterior row contains twelve or thirteen bristles on the
central segments. Tergites I to IV or V have one or more apical spines. The
antepygidial bristle is rather short and stumpy. The sternites of segments III
to VII in the d and III to VI in the 2 bear four long bristles on the two sides
together, sternite VII of the ? seven or eight, there being no small bristles in
front of the row.
Legs.—The subapical sinus of the hindcoxa is very shallow, the angle above it
being but very slightly prominent. The comb on the inner surface of this coxa
consists of six or seven spiniform bristles. All the femora bear in the apical half
abont half a dozen subdorsal bristles and two ventral subapical ones, there being
an additional bristle above and somewhat posterior to the second subapical one on
the mid- and hindfemora and two or three lateral ones on the forefemur. The
inside of the femora bears a small ventral bristle near the apex and a subyentral
one (occasionally absent) towards the base. The tibiae are covered on the outside
with numerous bristles (about thirty on the hindtibia, apart from those placed at
the anterior edge) and their dorsal edge bears five pairs of bristles exclusive of
the apical bristles. ‘There are two more single bristles in between the second and
third and fourth and fifth pairs respectively. Of the dorsal bristles of the tibiae
the outer ones do not form a comb, as in the case of Leptopsylla and Hypsoph-
_ thalmus aganippes. The apical bristles of the hindtarsal segments do not extend
to the apex of the next seement, the first segment bearing the longest bristle, which
nearly reaches to the apical bristle of the second segment. The fourth hindtarsal
segment is twice as long as it is broad. The measurements of the tarsi are as
follows :
Foretarsus: 6, 8,9, 7, 6, 15; 2,9, 9, 8, 6, 16.
Midtarsns: o, 16, 15,10,7,15; %, 17, 16, 11, 8, 16.
Hindtarsns: 6, 30, 23, 15,9,17; %, 34, 24, 14, 9, 17.
Modified Seqments.—&. The eighth sternite is much larger than the tergite,
Its apical margin is rounded, but the ventral angle is produced (text-fig. 43) and
( 580 )
bears five bristles on the two sides together. The body of the clasper (Cl) is very
large. Its distal margin is nearly straight, with the dorsal angle slightly and the
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HOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
A Fournal of Zoology.
EDITED BY
Tar Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, F.RS., Px.D.,
Dr. ERNST HARTERT, anno Dr. K. JORDAN,
Se \
fey Rag ap EN
ee PA
You, mi whee ts
. met et ha
No. 4.
Paces 617—656.
Tyne aNp Con'rents AND Errata to Vou. XX. _
Issuep Fepruary 28ru, av tHe ZooLocicas Musgum, Trine.
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Lp,, LONDON AND AYLESBURY,
1914.
Vou. XX;
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
EDITED BY
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN.
CONTENTS OF NO. IF.
PAGES.
INDEX TO VOLUME XxX. ; j ; f , ; : é . 617—656
(TITLE-PAGE, CONTENTS, AND ERRATA TO VOLUME XxX.)
( 617 )
INDEX.
ablutella (Anerastia), 138, 469. aegyptiaca (Cossus), 134.
Abraxas, 202. — (Farsetia), 150.
abraxina (Hyposiccia), 202. — (Linaria), 160.
absimilis (Prasinocyma), 424. — (Malcomia), 150.
absona (Anisozyga), 407. — (Mutilla), 599.
abyssinicus (Arvicanthis), 530, 551, 568, 569, — (Tricholabiodes), 599.
572. aegyptiacus (Scaurus), 99.
acanthinurus (Uromastix), 13, 79, 80. — (Streptopelia), 67, 185.
acanthion (Tachyglossus), 191. —(Turtur), 3, 7, 24, 25, 184, 185.
Acanthis, 367. aegyptium (Acridium), 614.
Acanthodactylus, 76, 80, 81, 154. aegyptius (Caprimulgus), 25, 26, 27, 60, 181.
Acanthothorax, 257. —(Turtur), 27.
acanthurus (Ctenophthalmus), 551-554, 561. — (Uromastix), 80.
accipitrinus (Asio), 61. Aelia, 592.
acervata (Adesmia), 98. aenea (Carpophaga), 382.
acheenensis (Centrococcyx), 322. aenia (Lycomorphodes), 200.
Acheta, 615. Aeolochroma, 401-3.
Acidalia, 131, 132. Aepypodius, 477.
Acmaeodera, 92, 93. aeruginosus (Circus), 22, 64.
acosmetus (Xenocerus), 276. aestuans (Pauropsalta), 465.
acraeina (Melitaea), 115. — (Tettigonia), 465.
Acrida, 607. Aetenia, 469.
Acridella, 607. aethiopicus (Ctenopsyllus), 581.
Acridium, 614. aethiops (Echidnophaga), 528.
Acrocephalus, 22, 50, 176. Aethomyias, 475, 501.
Actitis, 69. afer (Pygiopsylla), 537.
aculeata (‘Tachyglossus), 189, 191. affinis (Aplonis), 376.
— (Zaglossus), 189. — (Arachnothera), 368.
acuminata (Aelia), 592. — (Caprimulgus), 340, 382.
— (Erolia), 482. — (Cardepia), 122.
acuminatus (Totanus), 482. — (Centropus), 347.
acuta (Platypterna), 610. — (Geococeyx), 253, 254.
acutilunata (Strepsichlora), 432. africana (Carduelis), 27.
Addax, 35, 70. — (Curtilla), 615.
Adesmia, 98. africanum (Trichodesma), 160.
Adoretus, 107. africanus (Carduelis), 38, 168.
adornata (Anisozyga), 406, 407. Afrida, 195.
adspersula (Acmaeodera), 93. Agama, 26, 78.
advena (Urothemis), 468. aganippes (Ctenopsyllus), 578.
Aegithina, 358, — (Hypsophthalmus), 579.
Aegotheles, 490. Agathia, 404, 405, 406.
aegra (Oenanthe), 55, 72. agathia (Probolosceles), 415.
— (Saxicola), 179. agilis (Pachyura), 588.
Aegypius, 62. — (Sorex), 588.
aegyptia (Orthacantacris), 614. Aglossa, 139.
4u
( 618 )
aglossalis (Crocalia), 139.
agnata (Nearcha), 389.
agrestis (Phloeophilus), 261.
Agrion, 468.
Agrobates, 22, 25, 52, 178.
Agrotis, 120.
Agylla, 224.
Agyrtria, 248, 249.
ahasver (Passer), 40.
Ailuroedus, 525, 526.
Akis, 99.
Alaemon, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 22, 23, 26, 46, 72, 172.
Alastor, 599, 602.
alaudipes (Alaemon), 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 22, 23,
26, 46, 172.
alba (Artemisia), 161.
— (Motacilla), 3, 5, 6, 9, 47.
— (Pingasa), 397.
— (Pseudoterpna), 397.
—(Tyto), 3, 61, 280, 283.
Albarracina, 118, 119.
alberti (Pteridophora), 475, 522.
albertisii (Columba), 479.
— (Gymnophaps), 479.
albescens (Amicta), 134.
albicans (Cleophana), 123.
albicantalis (Enosima), 469.
— (Enosoma), 138.
albida (Eublemma), 127.
— (Eurosia), 193.
— (Exoprosopa), 462.
albidice (Leucochloé), 110.
— (Pieris), 13, 24, 110, 111.
albidula (Dericorys), 613.
albidus (Anthus), 371.
albifinita (Anisozyga), 408.
albifrons (Henicophaps), 480.
albifusaria (Aeolochroma), 402.
albigrisea (Zygaenosia), 204.
albigularis (Columba), 479.
— (Janthoenas), 479.
— (Poecilodryas), 497.
albilauta (Anisogamia), 409.
— (Anisozyga), 409.
albina (Cleophana), 122.
albinata (Anisozyga), 408, 409.
albinus (Danais), 114.
albiplaga (Berta), 440.
albiseriata (Anisozyga), 406.
albistriata (Sylvia), 52.
albitaenia (Gelasma), 418.
albitempora (Chlorospingus), 236.
albiventer (Sphedanolestes), 596.
albiventris (Thryothorus), 227.
albocinctus (Ptilinopus), 328.
alboguttulatus (Physopterus), 263.
albolanosa (Flatipalpus), 107.
albolanosa (Pachydema), 107.
albolineata (Criophasia), 124.
albonotata (Megalestes), 496.
— (Poecilodryas), 475, 496.
—(Pratincola), 290.
— (Ptilotis), 518.
albo-ochracea (Calophasia), 125. :
alborosea (Talara), 201. |
alboscapulatus (Malurus), 502.
albostrigata (Phassodes), 278.
memmennmenndgl
alboviridata (Rhodesia), 435. «
album (Zygophyllum), 154.
Alca, 70.
Alcedo, 312, 313-16, 336, 337, 361.
alchata (Pterocles), 3, 67, 185.
Alcippe, 352.
Aleyone, 488.
alecto (Solenoglossus), 485.
alexandrae (Tyto), 280.
alexandri (Conurus), 336.
— (Palaeornis), 336.
alexandrinus (Charadrius), 26, 69, 186.
algerialis (Ulotricha), 139.
algeriana (Thalpomena), 611.
algeriensis (Ammomanes), 23, 24, 42-4, 72.
algerinus (Laemostenus), 87.
algira (Grammodes), 129.
algiriae (Cerocala), 130.
algiricus (Mecynotarsus), 94.
— (Psammomys), 30.
algirus (Erinaceus), 586.
— (Mus), 590.
allectus (Mecocerus), 259.
alleni (Agyrtria), 248, 249.
— (Pogonotriccus), 243, 244.
Allochrostes, 442.
Alloeopage, 404, 405, 406.
alopecuroides (Halogeton), 148.
alpestris (Eremophila), 46, 170, 172.
— (Otocorys), 46, 170.
alticola (Colias), 187.
altirostris (Aplonis), 377.
— (Lamprocorax), Dike
aluensis (Xenocerus), 276.
Alytes, 62.
Amalocichla, 504.
Amandava, 371, 372.
amandava (Amandava), 371, 372.
Amaurocoris, 592.
Amaurornis, 303-5, 331.
Amazilia, 250, 251.
amazilia (Amazilia), 251.
— (Amizilis), 251.
— (Orthorhynchus), 2651.
amazonicus (Thryothorus), 227, 228, 231-233.
ambigua (Anthophora), 598.
Amblyornis, 525.
( 619 )
amboinense (Edoliisoma), 500.
amboinensis (Campephaga), 500.
— (Macropygia), 479.
americanus (Coccyzus), 252, 253.
amethystina (Aeolochroma), 403.
Amicta, 133, 134, 153, 157.
Amizilis, 251, 252.
Ammetopa, 123.
Ammodaucus, 157.
Ammomanes, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12-16, 20-26, 42-4,
56, 72, 171, 172.
Ammophila, 600.
amoena (Maracanda), 455, 458.
amoenus (Copsychus), 365, 367, 382.
Amphicoma, 106.
amphileuca (Saxicola), 54.
Amphimallon, 106.
ampla (Prasinocyma), 438.
ampliflava (Cartaletis), 395.
Amycto, 26.
Anabasis, 147.
anais (Melanopyrrhus), 526, 527.
Analestesa, 90. ;
analis (Catamenia), 238.
— (Dendrocopos), 349.
— (Dryobates), 349.
— (Pyenonotus), 359.
analoga (Ptilotis), 516, 517, 518, 519.
analogus (Asura), 213.
Anas, 6, 66.
Anastoechus, 464.
anceps (Orthetrum), 468.
andamanensis (Xenocerus), 268.
Andrena, 598.
Androphilus, 475, 504.
Andropogon, 145, 146.
Androzeugma, 441, 442.
Anerastia, 138, 469.
angulifera (Callipotnia), 394.
angusticollis (Heliotaurus), 97.
angustula (Campylomma), 597.
Anisodactylus, 87.
Anisogamia, 406, 409.
Anisoplia, 107.
Anisozyga, 406-422.
annulata (Trithemis), 468.
annulatus (Andropogon), 146.
annuligera (Lophostola), 438, 439.
annulipes (Mecotropis), 266.
Anomala, 107, 108.
Anomphax, 437.
anonymus (Centropus), 323.
ansorgei (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 549, 550, 551.
— (Lophuromys), 550, 561, 572.
Antalastor, 602.
antennarius (Erodius), 98.
_ anterior (Nadal), 454.
Anthia, 18, 88,
Anthicus, 94-6.
Anthophila, 598.
anthophilaria (Rhodometra), 132.
Anthracoceros, 338.
Anthreptes, 368, 369.
Anthus, 8, 9, 11, 14, 20, 21, 46, 47, 173, 174, 371.
Anthyllis, 151.
Anumeta, 129, 130, 469.
anxius (Stephanophorus), 104.
Aphanus, 594.
Aphodius, 104, 105.
apiaster (Merops), 14, 17, 25, 60, 181.
apiciplaga (Chrysallactis), 194.
— (Melanaema), 203.
Apisa, 188.
apistus (Dinopsyllus), 569, 570, 573, 574, 577.
-Aplonis, 375-7, 381.
apoda (Paradisea), 521.
Apodemus, 590.
Apopestes, 131.
approximans (Pachycephala), 509.
approximata (Prasinocyma), 430.
— (Zophosis), 98.
apriona (Xiphiopsylla), 543, 544.
Aprosmictus, 487.
aptera (Cercopis), 466.
Apterogyna, 599.
apterus (Falcidius), 466.
Apus, 26, 27, 59, 180.
Aquila, 63.
aquila (Fregata), 334.
arabica (Cleome), 150.
aracari (Pteroglossus), 227.
Arachnothera, 368.
Aracima, 406.
araneus (Crocidura), 588.
araxicola (Anthicus), 95.
arbustorum (Eumenes), 598.
arcifer (Mecotropis), 268.
arciferus (Xenocerus), 274.
arcuata (Dendrocygna), 333.
Ardea, 9, 332.
ardens (Arvicanthis), 572.
— (Xanthomelus), 524.
Ardeola, 64, 333.
ardesiacus (Contopus), 245,
Ardetta, 22, 65, 184.
Ardices, 278.
ardosiaca (‘Tyrannula), 246,
ardosiacus (Myiochanes), 245, 246,
arenacea (Exoprosopa), 462, 463.
arenalis (Cybolomia), 141,
Arenaria, 331.
arenaria (Asura), 205,
— (Discestra), 121.
— (Metallolephia), 404,
( 620 )
arenarius (Pterocles), 185.
arenicola (Streptopelia), 66, 184.
— (Tephroclystia), 133.
— (Turtur), 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 184.
arenicolor (Ammomanes), 4, 7, 8, 11, 16, 23, 26,
43, 171.
— (Galerida), 3, 45, 172.
Arenipses, 138.
arenosa (Clytie), 128.
arenosus (Nesoleon), 446.
arfakensis (Berta), 439.
arfaki (Oreocharis), 51%.
— (Tyto), 283, 284.
arfakiana (Sericornis), 502, 503.
arfakianus (Aepypodius), 477.
— (Talegallus), 477.
Argya, 72.
argyrocephala (Cytherea), 463.
argyrocephalus (Mulio), 463.
arida (Eublemma), 127.
aridalis (Aetenia), 469.
— (Constantia), 140, 469.
aridaria (Nearcha), 389.
aridiella (Tephris), 136.
aries (Cossus), 134, 135.
Aristida, 4, 34, 145. ~
aristides (Julodis), 92.
armata (Melecta), 598.
armillaris (Cyanops), 347.
armiti (Heteromyias), 497.
Arnebia, 159.
arquata (Cisticola), 178.
Arremon, 236,
Arses, 494.
Artamus, 289-93, 366, 506.
Artemisia, 161.
articulata (Anabasis), 147.
— (Tamarix), 156.
articulatum (Haloxylon), 147.
aruensis (Arses), 494.
— (Geoffroyus), 486.
— (Philemon), 514.
— (Pitohui), 506.
— (Psittacus), 486.
— (Ptilotis), 516, 519.
arundinaceus (Acrocephalus), 50, 176.
Arundo, 9, 50.
aruscensis (Paraxerus), 529.
Arvicanthis, 529, 530, 535, 545, 549-51, 565, 568,
569, 572.
arvensis (Moricandia), 151.
Arvicola, 286.
arycanda (Progonodes), 417.
ascalaphus (Bubo), 6, 37, 61, 182.
Asellia, 10, 28.
asiatica (Papilio), 109.
Asio, 61, 76, 285,
——————
aspasia (Cinnyris), 512.
asper (Acanthodactylus), 80.
aspericollis (Amaurocoris), 592.
Asphodelus, 147. ’
aspilatella (Staudingeria), 137.
assimilis (Cacomantis), 489. ;
— (Dicrurus), 527.
— (Macropygia), 311, 312.
— (Mecocerus), 260.
— (Poospiza), 238.
Asteriscus, 161. F
Astrapia, 474, 521.
astrarche (Lycaena), 116.
Astur, 475, 482.
Asura, 203, 205-14.
Asuridia, 202.
asuroides (Melanaema), 203.
asyllaria (Heterorachis), 438.
atalanta (Pyrameis), 3, 114.
ater (Dicrurus), 374.
— (Tasgius), 89.
aterrimus (Microglossus), 485.. ;
— (Psittacus), 485. :
— (Solenoglossus), 485. ]
Athene, 14, 24, 25, 27, 61, 62, 72. I
Athetis, 126. ‘
Athysanus, 466, 467.
atlantica (Pistacia), 25.
atlantis (Elephantulus), 587.
— (Gypaétus), 63.
Atomophora, 597.
Atomoscelis, 597.
atomus (Ctenophthalmus), 551, 561.
atopus (Meganthribus), 264, 265.
atra (Fulica), 9, 10, 22, 68.
— (Manucodia), 520, 521.
— (Rhipidura), 495.
Atractylis, 161.
atrata (Charmosyna), 485.
atratus (Faleinellus), 475, 522.
atribasalis (Eulocastra), 127, 128.
atribasis (Metaxanthia), 591.
atricapilla (Muscicapa), 9, 17, 18, 21, 4%. Fs
— (Pitta), 492.
atricollis (Pteroglossus), 227.
atrigula (Ploceus), 373.
atriplicis (Hoplopus), 107.
atrirostris (Cyclarhis), 234,
— (Cyclorhis), 234.
atropos (Alastor), 602.
Attagenus, 91.
audax (Ctenophthalmus), 546, 547, 549, 560.
— (Tachyorystes), 542, 548.
Aulacoderus, 96.
Aulacorhamphus, 254, 255.
Aulacorhynchus, 254, 255.
aurantiaca (Nishada), 224.
A Lae ai I ca
ate
a> eee
( 621 )
aurantiifrons (Loriculus), 488. Basitropis, 584.
aurantiifusca (Metarctia), 187. bassus (Spilornis), 334.
aurantiiventris (Chloris), 168. batavorum (Loriculus), 488
aurea (Pachycephala), 508. Bathmisyrma, 493.
. aureata (Asura), 208. batis (Anisozyga), 406.
| aureiventris (Metaxanthia), 591. — (Oxychora), 432.
aureoplagiata (Eugoa), 222. batnensis (Mylabris), 97.
aureorosea (Miltochrista), 225. baui (Albarracina), 119.
aureus (Canis), 36. baya (Ploceus), 373.
— (Xanthomelas), 524. Baza, 305-8, 483.
auricularis (Otogyps), 62. beatrix (Anisozyga), 412.
— (Rhipidura), 494. beccarii (Chaleophaps), 480.
Aurigena, 92. — (Phlegoenas), 480.
auritus (Plecotus), 28. beckeri (Exoprosopa), 461, 462.
ausonia (Euchloé), 111. bedeli (Thriptera), 100.
australicus (Xenocerus), 276. belemia (Euchloé), 3, 111, 112.
australis (Eurystomus), 301. belfordi (Melirrhophetes), 475, 514, 515.
— (Xantholaema), 348. belia (Euchloé), 111.
avernalis (Asura), 212, 213. bella (Eromene), 135.
axillaris (Monarcha), 493. — (Ploas), 464.
Axinotarsus, 90. bellus (Conophorus), 464.
azurea (Aleyone), 488. — (Ptilinopus), 477.
— (Hypothymis), 293-7, 351. bengalensis (Alcedo), 312, 313, 314, 336.
azureus (Eurystomus), 302. — (Centropus), 342.
bennetti (Gazella), 35.
bentet (Lanius), 355, 356, 382.
bacchante (Oenomys), 530, 537, 555, 558. berardi (Ocypterus), 293.
bacha (Falco), 334. bergeri (Passer), 168, 169.
badius (Phodilus), 335. bergii (Sterna), 331.
baetica (Cleophana), 124. berlepschi (Parotia), 523.
bagdadensis (Exoprosopa), 462. —(Thryothorus), 229, 230.
bairdi (Coceyzus), 252. bernsteini (Centropus), 490.
bakeri (Aeolochroma), 403. Berta, 439.
balicus (Criniger), 358, 381. beryllina (Alcedo), 337.
baliensis (Ptilinopus), 328. biarmicus (Falco), 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 23, 25, 64,
— (Rhinomyias), 351, 352, 381. 184,
balteata (Gelasma), 419. bibronii (Agama), 78.
— (Selysiothemis), 469. bicinetus (Xenocerus), 272, 273.
balteatus (Sphingonotus), 612. bicolor (Asura), 210.
banghaasi (Albarracina), 118. — (Chionaema), 192.
y barbara (Rhagonycha), 90. — (Gelasma), 419, 420.
barbarus (Orthomus), 87. — (Lycomorphodes), 200.
— (Pterostichus), 87. — (Odozana), 196.
barbatus (Gypaétus), 63. bicornuta (Prasinocyma), 430,
— (Pycnonotus), 76. bieostatus (Erodius), 98.
barbicornis (Xenocerus), 269, 270. bifasciata (Illice), 199.
Barita, 520. bifuscata (Anisozyga), 410.
Baroda, 138. bilopha (Eremophila), 46, 170, 172.
Barsinella, 202. — (Otocorys), 25, 26, 46, 170.
bartoni (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191. bimaculata (Acheta), 615.
basalis (Chaleococeyx), 342. — (Poecilodryas), 497.
— (Mecocerus), 257. bimaculatus (Crocopsis), 359.
basialba (Chionaema), 192. — (Pyecnonotus), 359, 382.
basigranatus (Stephanophorus), 104. bimaénsis (Chibia), 373.
Basileuterus, 235, 236. — (Dicrurus), 373.
basipunctata (Afrida), 195. binotatus (Metabletus), 88.
basitesselata (Asura), 206. bipartita (Chrysallactis), 194.
biplagiata (Miltochrista), 216.
bipuncta (Chlorocoma), 425.
bipunctata (Eugoa), 221.
bisbimaculatus (Tachys), 87.
biseraensis (Tarache), 128.
— (Teracolus), 113.
biskraélla (Catabola), 142.
— (Tineola), 142.
biskrensis (Akis), 99.
— (Euphutomma), 599.
— (Mutilla), 599.
— (Oxythyrea), 108.
bismarcki (Baza), 305, 308.
bitincta (Graptasura), 204.
bitorquata (Streptopelia), 330.
Blaps, 99.
Blechromopsis, 432.
Bledius, 89.
Blepharopsis, 156, 607.
bleusei (Anomala), 108.
— (Constantia), 140
— (Hybalonomala), 108.
blythi (Cyclopsitta), 485.
— (Cyclopsittacus), 485.
— (Opopsitta), 485.
boarula (Motacilla), 361, 370, 519.
bodeli (Onthophagus), 106.
Bodilus, 105.
boisdeffrei (Grammodes), 129.
boissyi (Xanthomima), 93.
boliviana (Callisthenia), 199.
Bombinator, 62.
bombycinus (Cataglyphis), 600.
— (Myrmecocystus), 600.
Bombylius, 463, 464, 465.
bombylius (Amphicoma), 186.
— (Eulasia), 106.
Bombyx, 118, 119.
bonapartii (Todopsis), 499.
bonduelli (Statice), 158.
bonelli (Phylloscopus), 17, 21, 49, 50.
bonnairei (Perrinellus), 92.
Borago, 160.
borbae (Thamnophilus), 227.
borealis (Motacilla), 47.
— (Phylloscopus), 353.
borin (Sylvia), 22, 51.
borneensis (Centropus), 322.
— (Enicurus), 361.
— (Pomatorhinus), 360.
boskianus (Acanthodactylus), 80, 81.
Bostrychopsis, 93.
Botys, 141.
bougainvillei (Asura), 213.
boulengeri (Chalcides), 82.
bouvieri (Anthicus), 96.
brabantella (Heterographis), 137.
( 622 )
braccata (Saucerottia), 249, 251.
brachydactyla (Calandrella), 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14,
42.
Brachynema, 593.
Brachynus, 88.
brachyotus (Otus), 285.
Brachypteryx, 361.
brachyrhynchus (Contopus), 246.
brachyurus (Surniculus), 340, 341.
bracteatus (Dicrurus), 527.
brasiliensis (Pulex), 529.
— (Xenopsylla), 529.
bravi (Eurystomus), 301.
brehmii (Psittacella), 487.
— (Psittacus), 487.
brehmorum (Apus), 26, 27, 59, 180.
brevicauda (Amalocichla), 504.
— (Paradigalla), 475, 523.
brevipennis (Mecocerus), 258.
— (Philemon), 475, 513, 514.
brevirostris (Mecotropis), 267.
brisouti (Formicomus), 94.
browni (Conopophaga), 248.
bruguieri (Fagonia), 154.
bruijni (Nasiterna), 486.
— (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191.
brunnea (Calophasia), 124.
brunneicauda (Hyloterpe), 352.
— (Pachycephala), 355.
— (Rhinomyias), 352.
brunneiventris (Crateroscelis), 502.
brunneri (Sphingonotus), 612.
brunnescens (Mecocerus), 259, 260.
— (Odozana), 197.
— (Pingasa), 397.
brunneum (Amphimallon), 106.
brunneus (Amphimallon), 106.
— (Aphodius), 104.
— (Hylophilus), 235. ”
bryoniaefolium (Erodium), 153.
Bryophila, 125, 469.
Bubalis, 35.
bubalis (Bubalis), 35.
Bubo, 6, 37, 61, 182.
bubo (Bubo), 6, 182.
bubutus (Centropus), 321, 322, 323, 342.
buccoides (Ailuroedus), 526.
— (Kitta), 526.
bucephalus (Xyletinus), 93.
buchariensis (Anthicus), 95.
Bufo, 84.
bulle (Croce), 444.
burdigalensis (Gryllus), 615.
Burhinus, 68.
buruanus (Xenocerus), 277.
buruensis (Cinnyris), 310.
— (Zosterops), 367.
Rr ret nal ay od SNE ean tiem
~=
( 623 )
busilaphus (Bubalis), 35.
Buteo, 14, 15, 23, 63, 183.
Butorides, 333.
byrsopis (Thalassodes), 82.
eabanisi (Poospiza), 238.
cabirus (Ctenophthalmus), 549, 550, 551, 561.
Cacatua, 335, 486.
Caceabis, 24, 25, 67, 72, 185.
Cacomantis, 342, 382, 489.
caelestis (Mecotropis), 266, 267.
Caenotriccus, 241.
caeruleogrisea (Coracina), 499.
caeruleogriseus (Graucalus), 499.
caerulescens (Eupetes), 505.
caeruleus (Parus), 27, 47.
Caesalpinia, 152.
cagayanensis (Anthreptes), 369.
calamaria (Asura), 211.
Calamochrous, 140.
Calandrella, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 42, 78.
calearata (Hyalorhipis), 611.
calearatus (Scaurus), 99.
calcariella (Staudingeria), 136.
cealcariellina (Staudingeria), 136.
calceatus (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 549, 561.
californianus (Geococcyx), 253, 254.
caligatus (Trochilus), 251.
Calliechthrus, 489.
callima (Alcedo), 336, 337.
Callipotnia, 394.
Callisthenia, 198, 199.
callopterus (Aprosmictus), 487.
callosum (Lithospermum), 160.
ealocara (Hypothymis), 297.
Calocoris, 596.
calonyx (Eurystomus), 298, 299, 300.
Calophasia, 122, 124, 125.
Calopteryx, 468.
Calornis, 356, 375, 377.
calorynx (Eurystomus), 299.
Calosoma, 87.
camelus (Struthio), 70, 71.
campanae (Petromys), 576.
Campephaga, 500, 501.
campestris (Anthus), 8, 9, 11, 14, 47.
— (Dipodillus), 29, 143, 589.
— (Hypsophthalmus), 578, 580.
Campochaera, 499.
Camponotus, 600.
Camptobrochis, 596.
Camptocera, 594.
Campylomma, 597.
canarius (Serinus), 39.
candidissima (Helix), 24.
canescens (Glottis), 69.
canescens (Hyalorhipis), 611.
— (Morettia), 150.
canifusalis (Constantia), 139.
caniola (Prasinocyma), 426.
canipileus (Chlorospingus), 235.
— (Hemispingus), 235.
Canis, 36, 535.
canis (Ctenocephalus), 528, 532, 533-5.
— (Pulex), 535.
ceannabina (Carduelis), 39.
canorus (Cuculus), 341.
cantans (Melampsalta), 465.
— (Tettigonia), 465.
cantator (Thryothorus), 227, 232.
canteneri (Metopoceras), 123.
cantillans (Sylvia), 12, 14, 52, 74, 177.
capensis (Asio), 76.
— (Ramphaleyon), 338.
Capparis, 23, 149.
caprata (Pratincola), 290, 354.
— (Saxicola), 354.
Caprimima, 220.
Caprimimodes, 220.
Caprimulgus, 20, 21, 25-7, 59, 60, 181.
382, 491.
cara (Lophostola), 438.
caradrinoides (Laphigma), 126.
carbonaria (Elis), 599.
— (Trielis), 599.
carbonarius (Aphanus), 594.
Cardepia, 122.
Cardiophorus, 92.
Cardium, 10.
Carduelis, 27, 38, 39, 168.
carduelis (Acanthis), 367.
— (Carduelis), 27, 38, 168.
cardui (Pyrameis), 2, 3, 4, 13, 114.
carinata (Sessinia), 94.
carissima (Agathia), 405.
carnea (Heterographis), 137.
carolae (Parotia), 475, 523.
carolinae (Galerida), 24, 25, 44, 45, 171.
Carpocarpa, 158.
Carpocoris, 593.
Carpophaga, 328, 381, 382, 478.
Carpophilus, 91.
Cartaletis, 395.
cassicus (Cracticus), 507.
castaneata (Comibaena), 415.
— (Conostolodes), 415.
— (Pyrrhorachis), 415.
castaneiventris (Cacomantis), 489.
castaneothorax (Rhipidura), 495.
castaneus (Olibrus), 91.
castanonotus (Eupetes), 475, 505.
castanops (‘Tyto), 280, 282, 283.
castanopterum (Glaucidium), 335.
340,
castanopterus (Centropus), 321, 324.
Casuarina, 326, 366, 367.
Casuarius, 476.
casuarius (Casuarius), 476.
Catabola, 142.
Cataglyphis, 600.
Catamenia, 237, 238.
cataphanes (Apopestes), 131.
caucasica (Ctenophthalmus), 547.
caudacuta (Chaetura), 491.
— (Hirundo), 491.
Caulocera, 218, 219.
caurensis (Thryothorus), 227, 233.
Cazama, 469.
Ceblepyris. 500.
Cebriognathus, 90.
celebensis (Artamus), 289, 290, 291, 292.
Celerena, 394.
Celerio, 13, 21, 22, 117, 147, 155.
Centrococeyx, 321, 322.
centrophylla (Prasinocyma), 420.
Centropus, 321-4, 342, 347, 490.
Cephus, 600.
Cerastes, 8, 22, 47, 83.
cerastes (Cerastes), 8, 47, 83.
— (Coluber), 83.
Ceratophyllus, 536, 537, 544.
Cerchneis, 183.
Cercopis, 466.
Cerocala, 130.
Certhilauda, 8.
cervinus (Anthus), 173, 174.
cestina (Anumeta), 130.
cestis (Anumeta), 130.
ceylonensis (Culicicapa), 352.
— (Hypothymis), 296.
Ceyx, 338, 488.
chabordis (Cleophana), 123.
Chaetorhynchus, 527.
Chaetura, 475, 491.
Chalastogastra, 600.
Chalcides, 76, 82.
chalcites (Saprinus), 89.
Chaleococeyx, 342.
chalconota (Carpophaga), 478.
Chalcophaga, 382.
Chalcophaps, 330, 480.
Chalcopsittacus, 483.
Chalicodoma, 598.
chalybata (Manueodia), 520.
chalybea (Calornis), 375.
chalybeae (Calornis), 377.
chalybeus (Lamprocorax), 377.
Chamaeleon, 82.
Chamaita, 219, 220.
chamaitoides (Nudaria), 220.
chamomillae (Cucullia), 122.
( 624 )
Chara, 18, 145.
Charadrius, 26, 69, 186, 331, 482.
charlonia (Euchloé), 2, 113.
Charmosyna, 475, 484, 485.
Charmosynopsis, 475, 484.
Chelidon, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14-25, 58, 180, 350, 492,
493.
chellalalis (Cladeobia), 469.
Chelonia, 77.
chenopodiphaga (Pseudohadena), 125.
cheopis (Loemopsylla), 529.
— (Pulex), 529.
— (Xenopsylla), 143, 529.
chersinus (Xenopsylla), 143.
Chibia, 373.
childreni (Meganthribus), 264, 265.
Chilena, 16, 119.
chimaera (Troides), 278.
Chimaeropsylla, 578, 581.
chinensis (Amaurornis), 304.
— (Excalfactoria), 327.
— (Gryllus), 615.
— (Streptopelia), 329, 3380, 382.
Chionaema, 192, 193, 225.
Chloéres, 440.
chlora (Pingasa), 398.
Chloridia, 119.
chlorigaster (Anthreptes), 369.
Chloris, 168.
chloris (Chloris), 168.
— (Haleyon), 337, 338.
— (Zosterops), 381.
Chlorissa, 433.
Chlorochroma, 423, 425, 480, 440.
Chlorodrepana, 417, 418.
Chloroparda, 435, 436.
chloroprosopa (Prasinocyma), 420.
chloroptera (Melanocharis), 511.
chloropterus (Chaleopsittacus), 483.
chloropus (Gallinula), 331.
Chlorospingus, 235, 236, 237.
chobauti (Croce), 444.
— (Milluta), 599.
— (Nina), 444.
— (Perrinellus), 92.
Chobautiella, 89.
christiei (Plecotus), 28.
Chroantha, 593.
chrysaétus (Aquila), 63.
Chrysallactis, 194.
chryseus (Macronemurus), 452, 453.
chrysippus (Danais), 13, 114.
chrysocercus (Merops), 25, 60, 181.
Chrysochloroma, 429.
Chrysococeyx, 489.
Chrysocolaptes, 350.
chrysogaster (Gerygone), 497.
chrysolineata (Berta), 400, 439.
chrysomela (Asura), 206.
chrysomelina (Epilachna), 91.
Chrysophanus, 116.
chrysoptera (Diphyllodes), 521.
chrysostigma (Orthetrum), 468.
chrysotis (Ptilotis), 516.
Chrysuronia, 248, 249.
Cicindela, 17. 20, 86.
Cicinnurus, 521.
Ciconia, 65.
ciconia (Ciconia), 65.
ciliare (Pennisetum), 146.
ciliata (Nitidula), 90.
— (Plantago), 160.
cinctus (Ptilinopus), 328.
— (Xenocerus), 273.
cineraceus (Dicrurus), 373, 381.
— (Orthotomus), 364.
cinerascens (Pachytylus), 611.
cinerea (Agathia), 406.
— (Alloeopage), 404, 405, 406.
— (Diarhabdosia), 217.
— (Ptilotis), 516.
— (Sylvia), 22, 51.
cinereiceps (Macropygia), 479.
cinereocapilla (Motacilla), 9, 17, 47.
cinereus (Myrmeleon), 446.
— (Parus), 366, 382.
cinnamomea (Neopipo), 246, 247.
— (Pipra), 247.
cinnamomeogrisea (Polia), 121.
cinnamomina (Scotogramma), 121.
Cinnyris, 309, 310, 368, 382, 512.
Circaetus, 25, 64, 183.
circia (Pterocyanea), 66.
— (Querquedula), 66.
circumflexa (Cicindela), 86.
circumscripta (Metallochlora), 433.
circumsepta (Hypodoxa), 399.
Circus, 9, 12, 22, 63, 64.
cirnei (Rhynchocyon), 581.
Cirphis, 122.
cirrhocephalus (Astur), 475, 482.
cirtensis (Buteo), 14, 15, 23, 63, 183.
Cistela, 90.
Cisticola, 178, 362-4, 382.
cisticola (Cisticola), 178, 362.
citernii (Anthicus), 96.
citreopygus (Ramphastos), 254.
citrina (Geocichla), 365.
— (Illice), 199.
citrinopuncta (Asura), 206.
Cladeobia, 469.
claudii (Casnarius), 476.
claveli (Tmethis), 612.
clavicornis (Mycetoporus), 89.
( 625 )
clavipalpis (Athetis), 126.
Clelea, 442, 443.
Clemensia, 202.
clementiae (Cinnyris), 309, 310.
Clemmys, 77.
Cleome, 150.
cleopatrae (Xenopsylla), 143.
cleopatrella (Nephopteryx), 135.
Cleophana, 122, 123, 124.
cleptea (Amaurornis), 303, 304.
clivorum (Elephantulus), 588.
clot-bey (Rhamphocorys), 26, 41.
Clytie, 128.
Clytoceyx, 488, 489.
Clytomyia, 475.
Clytomyias, 499.
Cnipolegus, 240.
coarctatus (Eumenes), 598.
coeandica (Colias), 187.
coccinea (Miltochrista), 215.
Coccinella, 91.
coccineoflammeus (Asura), 210.
coccineotermen (Miltochrista), 225.
Coeeyzus, 252, 253.
coelebs (Fringilla), 365.
Coelopeltis, 83.
ccerulans (Sphingonotus), 612.
coerulea (Anisozyga), 406.
coeruleocephala (Hypothymis), 295, 296.
— (Muscicapa), 296.
cognata (Pyrgomorpha), 613.
Colias, 3, 13, 113, 187.
collaris (Muscicapa), 22, 48, 175, 337.
Collocalia, 339, 381, 491.
collurio (Lanius), 22.
collybita (Phylloscopus), 3, 5, 14, 15, 17, 21, 49,
84.
Coluber, 83.
Columba, 24, 66, 311, 477, 478.
Colymbus, 70.
Comibaena, 415, 416.
commixta (Gelasma), 419, 420.
communis (Sylvia), 22, 24, 51.
Comostola, 440.
Comostolopsis, 440.
compressicornis (Polycorynus), 583, 584.
— (Xenocerus), 273.
concolor (Cartaletis), 395.
confusum (Europtron), 107.
confusus (Thriponax), 317-19,
conica (Pyrgomorpha), 613.
conjunctus (Xenocerus), 270.
connectens (Eurystomus), 298, 302.
Conophorus, 464.
Conopophaga, 248.
Conostolodes, 415,
consobrina {Prasinocyma), 430, 431.
conspicillata (Gerygone), 498.
— (Sylvia), 14, 15, 52.
Constantia, 139, 140, 469.
continua (Ephutomma), 599.
— (Mutilla), 599.
Contopus, 245, 246.
contra (Sturnopastor), 375.
Conurus, 336.
conversus (Ctenocephalus), 531, 532, 533.
convexus (Anthracoceros), 338.
Convolvulus, 8, 159.
cophurus (Ctenophthalmus), 556-61.
Copicucullia, 122.
Copiphana, 122.
Copsychus, 365, 367, 382.
Coptognathus, 108.
Coracias, 60, 298, 301.
Coracina, 499, 500.
corae (Xenocerus), 274.
corax (Corvus), 11, 24, 25, 37, 38, 72, 167.
coraya (Thryothorus), 227, 228-33.
— (Turdus), 228.
cordata (Daemia), 23, 159.
cordiger (Mecotropis), 267.
Corium, 394.
cornelia (Prioneris), 279.
Cornifrons, 141.
— (Lyctus), 93.
cornuta (Euphorbia), 155.
cornutum (Zygophyllum), 154.
cornutus (Cerastes), 22, 47, 83.
corolla (Prasinocyma), 431.
coromanda (Ardeola), 333.
coronata (Ifrita), 504.
— (Prionotheca), 100.
coronatus (Anthracoceros), 338.
— (Pterocles), 185.
Corone, 378.
coronoides (Corvus), 378.
coronulatus (Ptilinopus), 477.
Cortyta, 129.
Corvus, 11, 24, 25, 37, 38, 72, 167, 378, 500.
Cossus, 134, 135.
costilobata (Callisthenia), 198.
costimacula (Schistophleps), 218.
costimaculata (Ergavia), 396.
— (Paraptychodes), 395.
costipicta (Strepsichlora), 432.
Coturnix, 67.
coturnix (Coturnix), 67.
Cracticus, 507.
cramera (Lycaena), 116.
crassirostris (Eurystomus), 298, 303, 490.
— (Rhamphocharis), 511, 512.
Crateropus, 4, 24, 25, 52, 155, 178.
Crateroscelis, 501, 502.
craterus (Ctenocephalus), 532, 533.
( 626 )
cratippus (Danais), 114.
Crator, 108.
erawfurdii (Picus), 321.
crawshayi (Dendrohyrax), 532, 535, 536.
Creagris, 453.
erecca (Anas), 6, 66.
cretica (Fagonia), 153.
creticus (Lotus), 152.
Criniger, 358, 381.
erinigera (Phlegoenas), 481.
crinita (Tropinota), 108.
Criophasia, 124.
cristata (Fulica), 10.
— (Galerida), 3, 5, 44, 45.
— (Sterna), 331.
cristatus (Lanius), 356.
— (Pitohui), 507.
Crocalia, 139.
Croce, 444.
croceus (Colias), 3, 13, 113.
Crocidura, 553, 573, 588, 589.
Crocopsis, 359.
Crotalaria, 152.
eruciata (Asura), 212.
— (Miltochrista), 214.
cruentata (Myzomela), 512.
Crypsiphona, 404.
Crypsirhina, 378.
eryptochroma (Chlorodrepana), 417.
Cryptolopha, 353, 354, 537.
Ctenocephalus, 528, 531-6.
Ctenodactylus, 30-32.
Ctenophthalmus, 528, 545-61, 581.
Ctenopsyllus, 562, 563, 578.
cucullatus (Phyllergates), 364.
Cucullia, 122.
Cuculus, 253, 254, 341, 342, 382, 489.
Culicicapa, 352.
culminata (Lalage), 357.
euniculus (Crator), 108.
cuprealis (Aglossa), 139.
curruca (Sylvia), 9, 14, 15, 20.
Cursorius, 8, 10, 24-6, 68, 185.
curta (Zophosis), 98.
Curtilla, 615.
curvifrons (Platypterna), 610.
curvilinea (Allochrostes), 442.
— (Omphacodes), 442.
eurvipes (Dericorys), 613.
— (Derocorystes), 613.
curvirostris (Rhinococeyx), 347.
— (Phoenicophaés), 347, 381.
euvieri (Gazella), 33.
— (Talegallus), 476.
cyaneus (Myiophoneus), 361.
— (Psilothrix), 90.
eyanicollis (Eurystomus), 298.
( 627 )
cyanirostris (Knipolegus), 240. Dendrobiastes, 351, 382.
eyanocephala (Amizilis), 252. Dendrocopos, 349.
cyanocephalus (Todopsis), 499. Dendrocyena, 481.
Cyanoderma, 361. Dendrocygna, 333, 481.
cyanogrammus (Trichoglossus), 484. Dendrohyrax, 532, 535, 536.
Cyanops, 347, 348. Dendromys, 545, 553, 558, 573.
cyanoventris (Halcyon), 338, 378, 379. Dendrotrogus, 584.
. eyanura (Euchichla), 350. deningeri (Phoenicophaés), 347, 381.
g — (Pitta), 350. dentatilineata (Prasinocyma), 423.
' eyanus (Poecilodryas), 496. dentilinea (Oxychora), 432.
Cybolomia, 141. defecta (Agathia), 404.
i Cyclarhis, 234. depompata (Rhodesia), 434.
‘ Cyclopsitta, 485. depressa (Heteracantha), 87.
; Cyclopsittacus, 485. Dericorys, 613.
\ Cyclorhis, 234. Dermestes, 91.
cylindrica (Acmaeodera), 92. Derocorystes, 613.
Cymatoplex, 436. deserta (Eublemma), 127.
Cypselus, 491. desertalis (Noctuelia), 141.
cyrtana (Copicucullia), 122. deserti (Acanthodactylus), 81.
— (Cucullia), 122. —(Ammomanes), 8, 12, 14, 15, 20, 23, 24, 42,
Cyrtopeltocoris, 597. 56, 72.
Cyrtostomus, 309. — (Elephantulus), 586, 587, 588.
Cytherea, 463. — (Hemophytum), 11, 150.
— (Ja¢ulus), 590.
— (Lacerta), 81.
dabogala (Xerus), 529. — (Marrubium), 160.
Dacelo, 488, 489. — (Oenanthe), 7, 54, 179.
Daemia, 23, 159. — (Saxicola), 4, 11, 54, 179.
daemon (Procavia), 530. — (Sylvia), 2, 4, 8, 23, 24, 26, 51, 177.
daira (Teracolus), 113. — (Tarentola), 78.
dama (Gazella), 35. deserticola (Celerio), 22, 117, 155.
Danais, 13, 17, 114. — (Chobautiella), 89.
danica (Locusta), 611. — (Diecranoplia), 107.
daplidice (Leucochloé), 110. — (Enoplatarsus), 108.
— (Pieris), 2, 4, 13, 24, 110, 111. — (Erodius), 98.
Dasymys, 537, 572. — (Julodis), 26.
Dasyptilus, 486. — (Melitaea), 2, 21, 114, 115.
Daucus, 157. — (Plusia), 129.
debilis (Prasinocyma), 420, 421. — (Staudingeria), 136.
decander (Gymnocarpus), 149. — (Sylvia), 3, 52, 74.
decemguttatus (Xenocerus), 272. desertorum (Alaemon), 172.
decipiens (Loboptera), 603. — (Bubo), 6, 182.
decoloratus (Sphodromererus), 614. — (Caprimulgus), 22, 59.
decorata (Anisozyga), 410, 411, 413. — (Cebriognathus), 90.
decumbens (Arnebia), 159. — (Euchloé), 111.
defarguesi (Pentaria), 97. — (Stirogaster), 594.
degenerata (Prasinocyma), 420, desolata (Anisozyga), 410, 412.
deichleri (Galerida), 2, 4, 26, 44, 45, 171, 172. deundulata (Albarracina), 118.
delamerei (Nasilio), 572. Deverra, 110, 115, 157.
delectabilis (Anisozyga), 412. deviata (Prasinocyma), 424.
deletus (Xenocerus), 276. diadema (Myiobius), 243,
Delias, 476. — (Ochthoeca), 242, 243.
delicata (Prasinocyma), 423. Dianthus, 149.
delicatula (Tyto), 280, 283. diaphana (Heterorachis), 438.
deliciosaria (Phagelia), 133. diaphora (Kulocastra), 127, 128.
Deltocephalus, 467. Diarhabdosia, 217.
Demiegretta, 333. diarita (Racheospila), 416.
( 628 )
Dicaeum, 367, 368, 381, 511. domesticus (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.
Dichirotrichus, 88. dominicianus (Lanius), 290.
Dichorda, 437. dominieus (Charadrius), 331.
Dichordophora, 437. donax (Arundo), 9, 50.
dichroa (Ephutomma), 599. doreas (Gazella), 34.
— (Mutilla), 599. doreya (Macropygia), 479.
Dichromodes, 388. dorippus (Danais), 114.
dichrous (Monarcha), 493. dorsalis (Arvicanthis), 529.
Dicranoplia, 107. — (Opilo), 90.
dicruroides (Surniculus), 340, 341. dorsimaculata (Anisozyga), 409.
Dicrurus, 373, 374, 381, 526. dorsovittis (Physopterus), 582, 583.
Dictyophara, 465, 466. Dorylus, 600.
Diduga, 220. douei (Adesmia), 98.
didyma (Melitaea), 2, 21, 24, 114, 115. Drasterius, 92.
dilucida (Apopestes), 131. drucei (Ergavia), 396.
diluta (Cleophana), 124. dryas (Thamnomys), 537.
— (Rhipidura), 381. Dryobates, 349.
dilutalis (Constantia), 140, 469. dubia (Gracula), 378.
— (Tephris), 469. dubius (Charadrius), 69, 186, 482.
dilutaria (Ophiographa), 390. — (Hecalus), 466.
dilutior (Talara), 201. dufourii (Melanopsis), 10, 18.
dimidiatipennis (Eumenes), 599. dumontii (Mino), 526.
Dinopium, 349, 381. duperreyi (Megapodius), 477.
Dinopsyllus, 561-78. ‘ Dupetor, 481.
diops (Ptilotis), 515. duprasi (Pachyuromys), 589.
Dioscore, 424. : dussumieri (Streptopelia), 330.
dioscorodes (Chlorochroma), 423. Dyscheilia, 437.
Diphyllodes, 521. Dysdamartia, 436.
Diplodesma, 434, Dyspessa, 134, 135.
Diplootocus, 58, 74.
Diploptera, 598.
Diplotaxis, 150. eatoni (Salius), 600.
Dipodillus, 29, 30, 143, 589. ebenina (Ammophila), 600.
Dipus, 30. — (Psammophila), 600.
discata (Prasinocyma), 429. eburnicollis (Rhizotrogus), 106.
Discestra, 120, 121. Echidna, 188.
discoprivata (Prasinocyma), 429, Echidnophaga, 528.
discrepans (Xenocerus), 275. echinus (Dinopsyllus), 563, 564, 565, 566, 573,
dispar (Cortyta), 129. , 577.
dissimilis (Strepsichlora), 432. Echium, 159.
Dissoura, 332. Eclectus, 487.
distincta (Bryophila), 125. Edoliisoma, 500, 501.
— (Euchloé), 111. edusa (Colias), 3, 113.
distinctaria (Hemithea), 424. edwardsi (Opopsitta), 485.
Divales, 90. Egadroma, 87.
diversum (Dicaeum), 511. Egretta, 65, 332, 333.
divisa (Zygaenosia), 204. electo (Colias), 113.
dodsoni (Dipodillus), 30, 589. elegans (Lanius), 3, 4, 16, 23, 24, 25, 27, 48, 72,
dohertyi (Lophozosterops), 381. 155, 174.
— (Miltochrista), 215. —(Paniseus), 601.
— (Todopsis), 499. — (Procris), 443.
Dolichaesia, 195. — (Siphia), 351.
Dolichocera, 263. — (Stenodactylus), 78.
dolosus (Ceratophyllus), 544. Elephantuli, 587.
— (Listropsylla), 544. Elephantulus, 586-5.
dombrowskii (Motacilla), 174. eleus (Chrysophanus), 116.
domesticus (Gryllus), 615. elgonis (Otomys), 542, 545, 558, 568.
y i y'
( 629 )
Elis, 599.
ellioti (Amizilis), 252.
ellobius (Dinopsylla), 562, 563, 574, 577.
elongata (Miltochrista), 216.
— (Oreosterops), 379, 381.
elongatum (Leucohimatium), 91.
eluta (Diplodesma), 434.
— (Hemithea), 434.
emarginata,(Pachychile), 99.
Emberiza, 24, 41, 170, 237.
Emberizoides, 238, 239.
Embernagra, 238.
emiliana (Macropygia), 329, 382.
emiliaria (Hypodoxa), 399, 401.
Empidochanes, 239, 240, 241.
enca (Corvus), 378.
Endoliche, 195.
endorhoda (Neurotoca), 434.
enganensis (Aplonis), 377.
engis (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 551, 554, 555, 556,
561.
Enicurus, 361.
Enneadesmus, 93.
Enoplatarsus, 108.
Enosima, 469.
Enosoma, 138.
Eos, 335, 483.
ephippia (Eucera), 598.
ephippiaria (Racheospila), 417.
ephippiger (Hemianax), 468.
Epicauta, 97.
Epilachna, 91.
Epimys, 535, 542, 545, 551, 554, 558, 565, 568-72.
Episcardia, 142.
episcopus (Dissoura), 332.
epistomalis (Adoretus), 107.
epomis (Xenocerus), 272.
epops (Upupa), 9, 14, 25, 61, 181.
eques (Myzomela), 512.
equestris (Spilostethus), 593.
— (Xenocerus), 275, 276.
eranna (Anisozyga), 411, 412.
eremaula (Phthoimaea), 143.
Eremazus, 105.
Eremias, 81, 82.
Eremocharis, 612.
Eremophila, 25, 26, 46, 72, 170, 172.
eremus (Dinopsyllus), 573, 574, 577.
Eretes, 88.
Ergavia, 396.
Erinaceus, 586.
Eriomastyx, 218.
erlangeri (Falco), 8, 11, 12-15, 25, 64, 184.
— (Otus), 182.
— (Phylloscopus), 49.
— (Scops), 182.
Erodium, 153.
Erodius, 98.
Erolia, 482.
Eromene, 135.
Eromenes, 135.
Erythra, 304.
erythrocephala (Myzomela), 513.
erythropleura (Ptilotis), 515, 516.
erythropus (Euxerus), 535, 536.
— (Rhinocoris), 595.
Erythrospiza, 4. 14, 23, 39, 72.
erythrothorax (Lorius), 484.
Erytus, 104.
Esacus, 332.
esculenta (Rana), 10, 18, 84.
ethelinda (Cartaletis), 395.
Eublemma, 126, 127, 469.
Eucera, 598.
Euchloé, 2, 3, 8, 13, 24, 54, 72, 111-13.
Eucichla, 350.
Eucrostes, 437, 441.
Eudynamis, 382.
Eugerygone, 494.
Eugigas, 257, 263.
Eugoa, 221, 222, 226.
Eulabes, 377.
Eulacestoma, 510.
Eulasia, 106.
euleri (Coceyzus), 252, 253.
Eulocastra, 127, 128.
eumeces (Ctenophthalmus), 548, 549, 561.
Eumenes, 598, 599.
euparypha (Cartaletes), 395.
Eupelix, 466.
Eupetes, 475, 505.
Euphorbia, 4, 22, 117, 155.
euphorbiae (Celerio), 22, 117, 155.
euphratica (Megacephala), 87.
Euphutomma, 599.
Euprepocnemis, 614.
europaeus (Caprimulgus), 20, 22, 59.
Europtron, 107.
Eurosia, 193.
eurycercus (Centropus), 322.
Eurylomia, 217.
Eurystomus, 297-303, 336, 490.
euspilus (Meganthribus), 264, 265.
eusticta (Oxychora), 432.
Eutane, 216.
Euthriptera, 100.
Euthyrhynchus, 515.
Eutrygon, 480.
euxanthe (Colias), 187.
Euxena, 418.
Euxerus, 535, 536.
Euxoa, 120.
evanescens (Euchloé), 111.
everetti (Xenocerus), 271.
( 630 )
Evergestis. 140. felix (Pulex), 536.
eversmanni (Phylloscopus), 49. Felovia, 31, 32.
exalbata (Anisozyga), 407. feminina (Asura), 213.
examinandus (Phylloscopus), 353. femoralis (Phytocoris), 596.
Excalfactoria, 327. fenestrata (Berta), 439.
excubitor (Lanius), 3, 4, 16, 23-7, 48, 72, 155, 174. | Fennecus, 29.
excusata (Gerusia), 393. ferox (Buteo), 14, 15, 23, 63, 183.
exigua (Acanthodactylus), 81. ferruginea (Anomala), 107.
—(Laphigma), 126. ferrugineipectus (Grallaria), 248.
exiguus (Acanthodactylus), 81. — (Grallaricula), 248.
exilipes (Erodius), 98. ferrugineus (Gallus), 382.
exilis (Cisticola), 362, 363, 364, 382. — (Pitohui), 506.
eximius (Ctenophthalmus), 558, 559, 560. — (Rectes), 506.
Exochomus, 91. ferruginosa (Munia), 372.
Exoprosopa, 461, 462, 463. figuratus (Drasterius), 92.
expandens (Barsinella), 202. — (Saprinus), 89.
exsul (Dinopium), 349, 381. filicornis (Platypterna), 609, 610.
— (Pericrocotus), 357, 381. filigera (Ptilotis), 516.
— (Tiga), 349. fimbriata (Lalage), 357.
fimbriatus (Bombylius), 465.
— (Xenocerus), 271.
Fagonia, 153, 154. fissurata (Lithostege), 132.
Faleidius, 466. flaccata (Acidalia), 131.
Falcinellus, 475, 522. flagellatus (Xenocerus), 274, 275, 276, 277.
falcinellus (Ibis), 9. flamandi (Fagonia), 153.
— (Plegadis), 65. ‘ Flammea, 284.
Falco, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 23-7, 64, 184, 284-6, 306, flammea (Tyto), 283.
334, 483. flammeum (Dicaeum), 368.
fallax (Zosterops), 366. flammeus (Asio), 61, 285.
falloui (Euchloé), 13, 112. — (Pericrocotus), 357, 381.
famelica (Vulpes), 36. Flatipalpus, 107.
familiaris (Prinia), 364, 381. flava (Athetis), 126.
faremonti (Adesmia), 98. — (Motacilla), 12, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 47, 74,
Farsetia, 150. 84, 174, 370.
fasciata (Afrida), 195. flavescens (Phylloscopus), 49.
— (Chionaema), 193. flaviceps (Campochaera), 499.
— (Eugoa), 221, 226. — (Metarctia), 187.
— (Narasodes), 224. flavicollis (Dupetor), 481. r.
— (Rallina), 331. flavidior (Troides), 278.
fasciatus (Centropus), 321. flavidus (Heterocerus), 92.
— (Ceratophyllus), 536, 537. flavifrons (Amblyornis), 525.
— (Conurus), 336. flavilimes (Prasinocyma), 432.
— (Myrmeleon), 446. flavilinea (Anisozyga), 408.
— (Oncocephalus), 594. flavimargo (Gigantothea), 431.
fascinans (Anisozyga), 407. flavipes (Exochomus), 91.
fasciolata (Asura), 212. flaviplaga (Sarcinodes), 393.
— (Caulocera), 218, 219. flavirictus (Ptilotis), 516.
— (Cortyta), 129. flaviventer (Machaerirhynchus), 498.
fascioterminata (Chamaita), 219. flaviventris (Chlorospingus), 236, 237.
fascirrorata (Eugoa), 226. — (Melilestes), 513.
fastuosus (Xenocerus), 272. flavogrisea (Pachycare), 475, 510.
fausti (Stirogaster), 595. flavoplagiata (Miltochrista), 215.
feddeni (Mulleripicus), 321. flavopunctata (Asura), 207.
— (Thriponax), 318, 321. flavovirescens (Microeca), 495.
fedtschenkoi (Myrmecaelurus), 449, 450. flexuosa (Cicindela), 86.
feei (Limoniastrum), 158. florea (Usia), 463.
felis (Ctenocephalus), 528, 532, 533-6. floresaria (Prasinocyma), 429.
floresiana (Alcedo), 314, 315, 336.
— (Ramphaleyon), 338.
floridensis (Asura), 213.
fliickigeri (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.
foetida (Chara), 18, 145.
foghaénsis (Zosterops), 367.
forbesi (Cartaletis), 395.
forficula (Enneadesmus), 93.
Formicivora, 229, 231, 235.
Formicomus, 94.
forreri (Amazilia), 251.
forsteni (Trichoglossus), 381.
fossularum (Micrelytra), 593.
Fradina, 161.
fragilis (Prasinocyma), 421, 422.
fragmentata (Anisozyga), 409, 410.
Fregata, 334.
Fringilla, 237, 365.
fringillarius (Microhierax), 334.
frischi (Dermestes), 91.
frontalis (Chelidon), 493.
— (Hirundo), 492.
— (Oreosterops), 366, 379, 382.
— (Phonapate), 93.
— (Zosterops), 367.
fruhstorferi (Mecotropis), 266.
— (Xenocerus), 272.
fruticans (Fagonia), 153.
fruticola (Pratincola), 354.
— (Saxicola), 354.
fruticosa (Linaria), 160.
fruticosus (Gymnocarpus), 149.
fuciphaga (Collocalia), 491.
fulgurea (Hypodoxa), 398.
Fulica, 9, 10, 22, 68, 304.
fuliginosa (Fring.lla), 237.
— (Syria), 137.
— (Tiaris), 237.
— (Zygaenosia), 205.
fulva (Argya), 72.
fulvigaster (Picus), 318.
fulvigula (Euthyrhynchus), 515.
— (Timeliopsis), 515.
fulvigularis (Chlorospingus), 236.
fulvipectoris (Crateroscelis), 502.
fulvipes (Spilostethus), 593.
fulvitarsis (Anthophora), 598.
fulvotineta (Pachycephala), 354.
fulvus (Crateropus), 4, 24, 52, 155, 178.
— (Gyps), 25, 62.
fumidus (Turdus), 382.
fumigatus (Melipotes), 515.
— (Myiochanes), 245, 246.
— (Tyrannus), 245.
fumosa (Crocidura), 553, 573.
funesta (Oxythyrea), 108.
funestes (Mungos), 536,
( 631 )
furcata (Tyto), 283.
fuscata (Eos), 483.
fuseatus (Eos), 483.
fuscicapilla (Cisticola), 362, 364.
fuscicapillus (Eurystomus), 298.
fuscifrons (Gazella), 35.
fuscirostris (Talegallus), 476.
fuscofascia (Nishada), 223.
fuscogrisea (Thallarcha), 217.
fuscostrigosa (Sessinia), 94.
fuscus (Totanus), 286.
galactodes (Agrobates), 178.
galactotes (Agrobates), 22, 25, 52.
Galerida, 2, 3, 4, 5, 24-6, 44, 45, 171, 172.
galerita (Cacatua), 486.
gallicus (Circaetus), 25, 64, 183.
— (Cursorius), 68, 185.
gallinaceus (Echidnophaga), 528.
— (Sareopsyllus), 528.
Gallinago, 9, 69, 332.
gallinago (Gallinago), 9, 69.
Gallinula, 303, 304, 331.
gallinula (Gallinago), 9.
— (Limnocryptes), 69.
Gallus, 327, 382.
gamblei (Pachycephala), 508.
garamantis (Dipodillus), 30.
garrulus (Coracias), 60.
garzetta (Egretta), 65, 333.
gassana (Copiphana), 122.
gaudichaud (Dacelo), 489.
— (Sauromarptis), 489.
gayi (Trochilus), 250.
gayneri (Eublemma), 127.
Gazella, 11, 21, 23, 33-5.
gazella (Mecocerus), 258, 259, 260.
— (Onthophagus), 106.
gazellae (Mecocerus), 259.
Gecinus, 348.
geelvinkianum (Dicaeum), 511.
Gegenes, 116.
Gelasma, 406, 418-20, 422.
geminata (Prasinocyma), 421.
genei (Ischnura), 468.
Genetta, 532, 535.
geniculata (Platypterna), 608, 610.
Geocichla, 365, 382, 505,
Geococeyx, 253, 254,
geoffroyi (Charadrius), 331.
Geoflroyus, 381, 486.
geometrica (Prasinocyma), 426.
Geopelia, 330,
Gerbillus, 29, 589.
gerbillus (Gerbillus), 29.
gerboa (Jaculus), 590.
germana (Miltochrista), 214.
—(Odozana), 197.
germanus (Amblyornis), 529.
Geron, 463.
Gerusia, 392, 393.
Gerygone, 497, 498.
geslini (Mecomischus), 161.
gestroi (Ptilinopus), 478.
gibbifer (Mecocerus), 261.
gibbosus (Physopterus), 261, 262.
gigantea (Mellopitta), 475, 491.
gigantoptera (Hypothymis), 295.
Gigantothea, 429, 431.
gigas (Eurystomus), 297, 299.
— (Gigantothea), 431.
gilliesii (Caesalpinia), 152.
gilvata (Mecyna), 140.
girrenera (Haliastur), 334, 382.
githaginea (Erythrospiza), 4, 14, 23, 39, 72.
glabra (Pachychile), 99.
Glareola, 22, 68.
glareola (Totanus), 9, 69, 288.
— (Tringa), 69, 331.
Glaresis, 104.
glauca (Prasinocyma), 424.
glauce (Euchloé), 112.
Glaucidium, 335.
glauconome (Leucochloé), 111.
— (Pieris), 21, 111.
Glossopsittacus, 484.
Glottis, 69.
glottis (Tringa), 6.
godmani (Cylopsittacus), 485.
— (Leptopogon), 243.
— (Opopsitta), 485.
goebeli (Anthicus), 95.
goiavier (Pycnonotus), 359.
goldiei (Glossopsittacus), 484.
— (Trichoglossus), 484.
goliathensis (Anisozyga), 410.
goliathi (Melipotes), 515.
goliathina (Charmosyna), 475, 485.
— (Eriomastyx), 218.
goliathus (Eugigas), 263.
goodfellowi (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191.
gouldi (Dupetor), 481.
gracile (Europtron), 107.
gracililinea (Anisozyga), 413.
gracilipes (Micipsa), 99.
gracilis (Leptopternis), 612.
— (Phloeobiopsis), 585.
— (Platypterna), 608, 610.
— (Ptilotis), 517, 518, 519.
Gracula, 377, 378.
Gracupica, 374, 375, 381.
graellsi (Ischnura), 468.
Grallaria, 248.
( 632 )
Grallaricula, 248.
grammiceps (Cryptolopha), 353.
grammicus (Odontotarsus), 592.
Grammodes, 129.
grandis (Phacusosia), 203.
— (Yungipicus), 380.
granti (Clenopsyllus), 578.
granulata (Oxythespis), 604, 605, 606.
granulatus (Tolyphus), 91.
Graphipterus, 88.
Graphiurus, 537, 545, 554, 558, 574, 578-
Graphosoma, 592.
Graptasura, 204.
gratiosa (Ochthoeca), 243.
gratiosus (Mecocerculus), 243.
Graucalus, 356, 499, 500.
graveolens (Asteriscus), 161.
gregaria (Schistocerca), 614.
griseatus (Caprimulgus), 340.
griseicauda (Osmotreron), 328.
— (Treron), 328, 381.
griseiceps (Basileuterus), 235, 236.
— (Pachycephala), 509, 510.
griseigula (Formicivora), 229, 231.
— (Thryothorus), 229, 230, 231.
griseipectus (Thryothorus), 227, 232, 234.
griseirostris (Melirrhophetes), 475, 514.
griseiventris (Megalestes), 496.
— (Poecilodryas), 475, 496.
griseobasis (Chamaita), 219, 220.
griseola (Kublemma), 127.
— (Odontelia), 121.
— (Odozana), 196.
griseotincta (Asura), 206.
— (Reinwardtoenas), 480.
grisescens (Euthriptera), 100.
griseus (Varanus), 80.
grisola (Muscicapa), 49.
— (Pachycephala), 355.
grosulariata (Abraxas), 202.
grus (Megalornis), 68.
gryllotalpa (Curtilla), 615.
Gryllus, 615.
grypurus (Dinopsyllus), 572, 573, 577.
guineensis (Syntophoderes), 583.
gularis (Criniger), 358, 381.
— (Rhipidura), 494.
gundi (Ctenodactylus), 31, 32.
gurneyi (Baza), 305, 308.
gusti (Aplonis), 375, 376, 381.
guttata (Acmaeodera), 92.
— (Aethomyias), 475, 501.
— (Dendrocygna), 481.
guttatum (Erodium), 153.
guttatus (Mecocerus), 259.
— (Melanocoryphus), 594.
— (Stenodactylus), 78.
guttula (Monarcha), 493.
guttulata (Dendrocygna), 481.
— (Eremias), 82.
— (Lacerta), 82.
gutturalis (Chelidon), 350, 492.
— (Hirundo), 492.
guyonella (Oecocecis), 142, 158.
Guyoniana, 155.
guyoniana (Euphorbia), 4, 22, 117.
guyonianum (Limoniastrum), 4, 142, 157, 464.
Gymindis, 88.
Gymnocarpus, 149.
Gymnochroma, 220.
Gymnocorvus, 520.
Gymnocrex, 481.
Gymnophaps, 479.
Gymnopleurus, 106.
gymnops (Melipotes), 475, 515.
Gypaétus, 63.
Gyps, 25, 62.
gyrfalco (Falco), 287.
haematodes (Trichoglossus), 484.
haematodus (Trichoglossus), 335, 381.
haemorrhoidalis (Calopteryx), 468.
— (Divales), 90.
hhageni (Mesogomphus), 468.
Halcyon, 337, 338, 378, 379, 489.
Haliaétus, 334.
Haliastur, 334, 382.
halimifolia (Fradina), 161.
Halogeton, 148.
halophila (Oenanthe), 7, 54.
— (Saxicola), 23, 54.
Haloxylon, 147.
haloxylon (Schmittianum), 147.
halteratus (Halter), 444.
Halter, 444.
hamicornis (Anthicus), 94.
handlirschi (Glaresis), 104.
hapala (Androzeugma), 441, 442.
Haplophyllum, 155.
hardwickei (Uromastix), 79.
harenosus (Anthicus), 94, 95.
hargitti (Thriponax), 317, 320.
harmala (Peganum), 154.
harmalae (Anthophora), 598.
Harpagophana, 123.
harterti (Alastor), 599, 602.
— (Anumeta), 469.
— (Arses), 494.
— (Artamus), 292.
— (Dictyophara), 465.
— (Hemiprocne), 339.
— (Machaerirhynchus), 498.
—(Massoutiera), 14, 15, 31, 32.
41
( 633 )
harterti (Melitaea), 24, 115.
— (Mylabris), 97.
— (Nina), 445.
— (Ochodaeus), 105.
— (Platypterna), 608, 609, 610.
— (Reduvius), 595.
— (Thisoicetrus), 614.
hayi (Apodemus), 590.
— (Gazella), 35.
Hecalus, 466.
heegeri (Nezara), 593.
helenae (Neopipo), 246, 247.
Helianthemum, 156.
Helicopage, 405, 406.
Heliosciurus, 537, 538, 570.
Heliotaurus, 97.
Heliotropium, 159.
Helix, 24.
helviventris (Phlegoenas), 481.
helvolus (Eretes), 88.
Hemianax, 468.
Hemilophus, 320.
Hemipodius, 327.
Hemiprocne, 339.
hemipterus (Carpophilus), 91.
Hemipus, 356.
Hemispingus, 235.
Hemistola, 438.
Hemithea, 424, 434.
Hemithylaca, 250, 251.
hemochroa (Oenanthe), 54.
Hemonia, 222.
Hemophytum, 11.
Henicopernis, 483.
Henicophaps, 480.
henkei (Anumeta), 129, 469.
henoni (Mylabris), 97.
henoniana (Anthyllis), 151.
Henophytum, 150.
henricii (Cyanops), 347.
herba (Artemisia), 161.
herberti (Thryothorus), 227, 228-33.
herbicola (Emberizoides), 239.
Herpestes, 528.
hesperidum (Cucullia), 122.
Heteracantha, 87.
Heterocerus, 92.
Heterochaeta, 604, 605, 606.
Heterographis, 137.
Heterogyna, 600.
heterogyna (Inope), 442, 443.
Heteromyias, 497.
Heterorachis, 435, 438.
Hierochthonia, 435,
hieroglyphica (Asura), 207.
— (Odozana), 197.
hilgerti (Anumeta), 130.
( 634 )
hilgerti (Chilena), 16, 119.
Himatismus, 99.
hippia (Xiphiopsylla), 538-44.
Hippolais, 17, 21, 22, 27, 50, 51.
hirsuta (Ammophila), 600.
— (Psammophila), 600.
— (Thymelaea), 156.
hirsutus (Ctenopsyllus), 563, 573.
— (Dinopsyllus), 563, 565, 566, 574, 577.
hirtipes (Gerbillus), 589.
hirtum (Helianthemum), 156.
Hirundo, 9, 14, 17, 20, 22, 25, 58, 180, 339, 491,
492.
hispanica (Oenanthe), 14, 56, 73, 179.
— (Saxicola), 9, 12, 179.
hispanicus (Calocoris), 596.
— (Gryllus), 615.
hispaniolensis (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.
hispida (Ocnera), 100.
hispidoides (Alcedo), 314-16.
hodgsoni (Cyanops), 348.
hodgsonii (Hemilophus), 320.
—(Thriponax), 318, 320.
hodnae (Euxoa), 120.
hoffmanni (Hemithylaca), 250, 251.
— (Saucerottia), 250, 251.
Holectypus, 10.
holochroa (Progonodes), 417.
holoschoenus (Scirpus), 146.
Holotrichius, 595.
Homeosma, 137.
homochroa (Oenanthe), 179.
— (Saxicola), 179.
Homospora, 391.
Hoplia, 107.
Hoplopus, 107, 108.
Horeites, 365, 381.
horridus (Dinopsyllus), 576, 577.
horsfieldi (Turdus), 366, 381.
horsfieldii (Picus), 318.
hortensis (Sylvia), 22, 51.
hortulana (Emberiza), 41.
horvathi (Camptocera), 594.
hospitonides (Papilio), 13, 24, 109, 157.
hottentottus (Dicrurus), 373.
Houbara, 68.
humei (Artamus), 289, 291.
humeralis (Xenocerus), 275.
humile (Echium), 159.
hunsteini (Diphyllodes), 521.
Hyaena, 36.
hyaena (Hyaena), 36.
Hyalocoris, 594.
Hyalorhipis, 611.
Hybalonomala, 108.
Hybosorus, 106.
hybridus (Geron), 463.
hybridus (Pirates), 595.
Hybris, 284.
hydrochaeris (Aphodius), 105.
— (Bodilus), 105.
Hydrochelidon, 22, 69.
Hydrous, 89.
Hylophilus, 235.
Hyloterpe, 352.
hyparetes (Xiphiopsylla), 542, 543, 544. ::
Hyperaspis, 91.
hyperetes (Xiphiopsylla), 542. F
hyperphyes (Corium), 394. .
hyperythra (Dendrobiastes), 351, 382. s
— (Muscicapula), 351. 2
x
— (Rhipidura), 495.
Hypobapta, 404.
hypoerita (Dendrotrogus), 584.
Hypodoxa, 398, 399-401.
Hypolais, 177.
hypoleuca (Actitis), 69. 4
— (Muscicapa), 9, 17, 18, 21, 49, 175.
— (Poecilodryas), 496.
— (Totanus), 9, 22, 69.
— (Tringa), 69, 482.
hypoleucos (Tringa), 332. $
— (Tringoides), 332. 4
hypoleucus (‘Tringoides), 186. ?
Hypopta, 135.
Hyposiccia, 202.
Hypothymis, 293-7, 351.
hypoxanthus (Ploceus), 373.
Hypsophthalmus, 578-80.
hyreanus (Anastoechus), 464.
Hystrichopsylla, 562.
Tambiodes, 469.
ibeans (Thamnomys), 581.
ibeanus (Thamnomys), 537, 554..
ibera (Testudo), 77.
This, 9.
ibis (Ardeola), 333.
icanus (Mecotropis), 267.
ichneumon (Mungos), 536.
icterina (Hippolais), 50.
— (Hypolais), 177.
Ictinaétus, 334.
idiochroa (Hypothymis), 297.
Teracidea, 334.
Ifrita, 504.
igneus (Bombinator), 62.
ignibasis (Talara), 201.
ignota (Paradisea), 522.
ignotus (Seleucides), 522.
iliolophus (Melilestes), 513.
Illiberis, 443.
Illice, 199, 200, 225.
Seethie, diei Meee adel 1
( 635 )
illigeri (Hybosorus), 106. intensa (Miltochrista), 226.
Imitator, 128, 130. intermedia (Chaleides), 82.
imitator (Mecocerus), 260, 261. — (Egretta), 332.
imitatrix (Ptilotis), 519. — (Platypterna), 610.
immaculicornis (Brachynus). 88. — (Prasinocyma), 430.
impellucida (Inope), 442, 443. — (Xantholaema), 348.
imperator (Agrotis), 120. intermedius (Centrococcyx), 322, 323.
— (Clytoceyx), 488. — (Centropus), 322, 324.
imperialis (Oenochlora), 404. — (Cuculus), 341, 342, 382.
impressa (Mylabris), 97. j interpres (Arenaria), 331.
improbus (Tyranniscus), 242. — (Geocichla), 382.
incarnata (Hypodoxa), 400. intima (Aeolochroma), 401, 403.
incerta (Bryophila), 125, 469. Todes, 434.
— (Campephaga), 501. ion (Onitis), 106.
— (Iambiodes), 469. iranica (Pieris), 111.
incertum (Edoliisoma), 501. iridescens (Anisozyga), 407, 410.
incisus (Ceratophyllus), 536. — (Trischallis), 222.
indica (Chaleophaps), 330, 382. Tris, 604.
— (Tyto), 283. irregularis (Eugoa), 226.
indicus (Enicurus), 361. — (Miltochrista), 215.
indistincta (Stigmatops), 369, 381. irrisor (Cardepia), 122.
inductaria (Comibaena), 416. irritans (Pulex), 529.
indus (Haliastur), 334, 382. irroratus (Otomys), 542, 545, 548, 558, 568.
inermis (Agama), 26, 78. isabella (Gazella), 21, 34.
— (Lawnsonia), 17. isabellina (Ammomanes), 172.
infestus (Ceratophyllus), 537. — (Asura), 213.
infirma (Pyrrhaspis), 424. isabellinus (Lepus), 33.
infumata (Asura), 214. — (Phytonomus), 104.
infumatus (Corvus), 37. Ischnura, 468.
ingens (Dinopsyllus), 577. isidis (Loemopsylla), 530.
— (Palaeopsylla), 561-2. — (Pulex), 530.
— (Typhlopsylla), 563, 577. — (Xenopsylla), 530.
inguinata (Cardepia), 122. isidori (Pomatorhinus), 505.
innominata (Ceyx), 338. isogamia (Anisozyga), 409, 410.
innuba (Anisozyga), 408. isorrhopia (Prasinocyma), 422.
inobilitus (Anthicus), 96. ispida (Alcedo), 312, 313-16, 336, 337, 361.
Inope, 442, 443. italiae (Passer), 39, 168, 169.
inornata (Acanthodactylus), 81. italicum (Graphosoma), 592.
— (Amblyornis), 525, ituribisciensis (Thryothorus), 229, 230.
— (Sylvia), 74, 177. Tulops, 441.
inornatus (Amblyornis), 525. Ixias, 279.
— (Ptilonorhynchus), 525. Txobrychus, 65, 333.
inotata (Cazama), 469.
inquieta (Scotocerca), 4, 26, 52, 178.
inquinata (Strepsichlora), 432. jacksoni (Epimys), 535, 542, 545, 554, 558, 565,
insignis (Clytomyias), 475, 499. 570.
— (Dendromys), 553, 558. Jaculus, 30, 143, 590.
— (Eremocharis), 612. jaculus (Dipus), 30.
— (Mecotropis), 266, 267. — (Jaculus), 30, 143, 590.
insularis (Amaurornis), 303, 304. jalla (Sturnopastor), 375.
— (Asura), 212. jamesi (Phonygammus), 520.
— (Tyto), 283. Janira, LO.
insulindae (Cuculus), 341, 382. Janthoenas, 479.
insulsata (Euxena), 418. japonica (Pyrameis), 114.
— (Gelasma), 418. javana (Gracula), 377, 378.
intacta (Illice), 199. javanense (Dinopium), 349, 381,
intensa (Asura), 210. javanensis (Centropus), 342.
javanensis (Eulabes), 377.
— (Gracula), 378.
— (Ploceella), 373.
— (Tiga), 349.
javanica (Amanrornis), 303, 304, 331.
— (Chelidon), 492, 493.
— (Gallinula), 303.
— (Hirundo), 492.
— (Mirafra), 370.
— (Oreosterops), 366, 378, 381, 382.
— (Rhipidura), 351.
— (Turnix), 327.
— (Zosterops), 367.
javanicus (Leptoptilus), 332.
javensis (Graucalus), 356.
— (Picus), 318.
— (Thriponax), 316-21, 350.
jerboa, 590.
jerburyi (Staudingeria), 136.
jerdoni (Thriponax), 321.
jesupi (Ochthoeca), 242, 243.
jobiensis (Manucodia), 520.
— (Philemon), 513, 514.
jolyi (Lotus), 152.
jordana (Dyspessa), 134.
josephinae (Charmosyna), 484.
— (Chrysuronia), 248, 249.
— (Trichoglossus), 484.
— (Trochilus), 248.
Josiodes, 210.
Julodis, 26, 92.
junceti (Laphigma), 126.
Jynx, 9, 17, 61.
kabylaria (Leucanitis), 128.
kabylicus (Lepus), 32.
kantarae (Tentyria), 99.
kaporensis (Ptilinopus), 478.
keaysi (Ochthoea), 241.
keiensis (Cinnyris), 309, 310.
— (Nasiterna), 475, 486.
kempi (Dinopsyllus), 574, 575, 577.
keniae (Heliosciurus), 537,
keraudrenii (Barita), 520.
— (Phonygammus), 520.
kertészi (Leptoconops), 3, 6, 27.
Ketupa, 335.
ketupa (Ketupa), 335.
kimberli (Tyto), 280, 281, 282.
Kitta, 526.
klecho (Hirundo), 339.
Knipolegus, 239, 240.
kokpetica (Mutilla), 599.
— (Pseudophotopsis), 599.
komaroffi (Salebria), 136.
komarovi (Mutilla), 599.
( 636 )
komarovi (Pseudophotopsis), 599.
k6nigi (Julodis), 92.
korbi (Albarracina), 118.
korschun (Milvus), 8, 11, 14, 24, 63, 183.
korthalsi (Sphenocereus), 382.
kraussi (Calophasia), 124.
— (Platypterna), 609, 610.
kuhli (Pipistrellus), 28, 586.
lacernulata (Carpophaga), 328, 381.
Lacerti, 81, 82.
lachlani (Myrmecaelurus), 447, 449.
lacrymans (Xenocerus), 273.
lactans (Spilostethus), 593.
lactealis (Lymire), 138, 469.
lacteociliata (Illice), 199.
lacteoflava (Asura), 208.
Laemocoris, 596, 597.
Laemostenus, 87.
laetata (Agathia), 405.
laetior (Eurystomus), 299.
laeviceps (Anthicus), 95.
laevicollis (Xenocerus), 274.
laevigata (Periploca), 23, 159.
laevipennis (Psammodius), 105.
lahayei (Pingasa), 131.
Lalage, 357.
lamborni (Apisa), 188.
lameerei (Sphingonotus), 612.
Lamprocorax, 377, 526.
laniger (Andropogon), 146.
Lanius, 3, 4, 9, 14-17, 21-5, 27, 48, 72, 155, 174,
290, 355, 356, 382.
lapegrandi (Himatismus), 99.
Laphigma, 126.
lardatella (Episcardia), 142.
larina (Echidnophaga), 528.
Lasioderma, 93.
lateralis (Canis), 535.
laticineta (Eulocastra), 128.
laticostata (Prasinocyma), 428, 429.
latifasciatus (Xenocerus), 270, 272.
latimarginaria (Osteodes), 132.
latipes (Platypterna), 610.
latistriga (Prasinocyma), 430.
laurencei (Corvus), 38.
lawesi (Tachyglossus), 191.
Lawnsonia, 17.
laxiflora (Linaria), 160.
Lebia, 88.
lefrancei (Coptognathus), 108.
— (Erodius), 98.
Leggada, 553.
lemoroi (Heterochaeta), 605, 606.
— (Oxythespis), 606.
lendeni (Geococeyx), 253.
( 637 )
lenis (Anisozyga), 415. leucothorax (Rhipidura), 494.
leopardina (Asura), 209. leucotera (Pieris), 110.
Lepidogenys, 306. leucotrichus (Ammodaucus), 157.
o lepidus (Myrmecaelurus), 447. — (Convolvulus), 8, 159.
. leprieuri (Cardiophorus), 92. leucura (Oenanthe), 43, 56.
( leprosa (Clemmys), 77. libyssa (Cartaletes), 395.
I — (Hypodoxa), 400. licheneus (Xenocerus), 274.
7 Leptaletis, 395. lichenosa (Hypodoxa), 400.
t leptoceros (Gazella), 11, 23, 33, 34. lignaria (Chionaema), 192.
} Leptoconops, 3, 6, 27. — (Dolichaesia), 195.
: Leptoctenopsis, 392. limbata (Ptilotis), 369.
4 leptoctenopsis (Onycodes), 391. — (Stigmatops), 369, 381.
j Leptopogon, 243. limbatellus (Neuroleon), 451.
; Leptopsylla, 528, 562, 566, 577, 579, 581. Limnocryptes, 69.
Leptopternis, 611. Limoniastrum, 4, 10, 26, 142, 157, 158, 464.
Leptoptilus, 332. Linaria, 160.
leptorrhynchus (Aplonis), 377. linchi (Collocalia), 339, 381.
Lepus, 32, 33, 535, 536, 590, 591. lindeni (Agrion), 468.
3 lervia (Ovis), 36, 459, 460. — (Coceyzus), 252.
leschenaulti (Enicurus), 361. lineata (Celerio), 13, 21, 117, 147.
— (Melittophagus), 338. — (Cyanops), 347, 348.
lessonii (Aleyone), 488. — (Maracanda), 455, 456, 458.
lesteraria (Racheosphila), 417. lineatum (Graphosoma), 592.
Leucanitis, 128. lineatus (Thereiceryx), 347, 348.
leucoblepharus (Basileuterus), 235. Linoceraea, 596, 597.
Leucochloé, 110, 111. liparidia (Asura), 206.
leucogaster (Artamus), 366. Lissochlora, 416.
— (Haliaétus), 334. Lissocraspeda, 390.
— (Ocypterus), 290. Listropsylla, 544.
— (Picus), 318. Lithoprocis, 194.
leucogastra (Munia), 371, 372, 381. Lithospermum, 160.
leucogastroides (Munia), 371, 381. Lithostege, 132.
— (Uroloncha), 371. littoralis (Anthicus), 95.
Leucohimatium, 91. — (Thisoicetrus), 615.
leucolophus (Calliechthrus), 490. litura (Prodenia), 125.
leucomelaena (Amaurornis), 303. lituratus (Mecocerus), 260.
leucomelana (Amaurornis), 304. livia (Columba), 24, 66.
— (Gallinula), 304. livida (Nacerdes), 94.
leucophrys (Brachypteryx), 361. — (Mathiola), 150.
leucophthalmus (Cymindis), 88. — (Polyphaga), 603, 604.
— (Sphodrus), 87. lividus (Aphodius), 104.
leucoporeia (Eutrygon), 480. livornica (Celerio), 13, 21, 117, 147.
— (Trugon), 480. livornicoides (Celerio), 117.
Leucopsar, 325, 375, 381. Lixus, 104.
leucops (Poecilodryas), 475, 497. lobatus (Ptyodactylus), 77.
leucoptera (Hydrochelidon), 22, 69. Loboparadisea, 475, 523.
leucopyga (Oenanthe), 6-8, 15, 21, 25, 26, 43,55, | Loboptera, 603.
72, 179. Locusta, 611.
— (Saxicola), 11, 14, 24, 55, 179. loderi (Gazella), 11, 23, 33, 34.
leucopygialis (Artamus), 289, 292, 506. Loemopsylla, 529, 530.
leucorhynchos (Artamus), 289-93, 506. longicauda (Coracina), 500.
— (Lanius), 290. — (Graucalus), 500,
leucorhynchus (Artamus), 366. — (Henicopernis), 483.
leucorrhoa (Oenanthe), 14, 54, 73. longicaudus (Falco), 483.
leucoryn (Lanius), 290. longiceps (Phantia), 466,
leucostictus (Eupetes), 505. — (Rhinophantia), 466.
leucostigma (Pachycephala), 509. longicollis (Mesostena), 98,
( 638 )
longicornis (Acanthothorax), 257. lunigera (Linoceraea), 597.
— (Axinotarsus), 90. lunulata (Cicindela), 86.
— (Mecocerus), 258. lupinoides (Crotalaria), 152.
— (Polycorynus), 583. Luscenia, 18.
— (Xenocerus), 271. Luscinia, 14, 58.
longidentalis (Constantia), 139, 469. lusitanicus (Spilostethus), 593.
longidentata (Anisozyga), 414. lutea (Chilena), 119.
longifrons (Dinopsyllus), 566, 568, 569, 570, 576, | — (Metarctia), 187.
577. luteofasciata (Acidalia), 132.
longipennis (Calandrella), 42. luteus (Bombyx), 119.
— (Dryobates), 349. lutiella (Eromene), 135.
— (Hemiprocne), 339. lutosa (Mecocerus), 258.
— (Hirundo), 339. luzonica (Xanthetis), 203.
— (Macropteryx), 339. Lycaena, 3, 17, 116.
longirostris (Ptilotis), 519. Lycomorphodes, 200.
longiseta (Paronychia), 149. lycosius (Ctenophthalmus), 554, 556, 561.
longispina (Aphodius), 105. Lyctus, 93.
longistriga (Odozana), 196. Lymantria, 118.
longistyla (Savignia), 151. lymantriodes (Homospora), 391.
longulus (Spilostethus), 593. Lymire, 138, 469.
longus (Dicrurus), 374. lypusus (Dinopsyllus), 570-7.
Lopezus, 449. lysimon (Lycaena), 3.
Lophorina, 522, 523. — (Zizera), 20, 116.
Lophostola, 436, 438, 439.
Lophotes, 306, 483.
Lophozosterops, 381. macgregoriae (Amblyornis), 525.
Lophuromys, 532, 537, 542, 543, 545, 550, 554, Machaerirhynchus, 475, 498.
555, 558, 560, 565, 568, 569, 570, 572. machaon (Papilio), 13, 24, 109, 110, 157.
lorentzi (Malurus), +75, 502. Machetes, 6, 69, 186.
— (Ptilotis), 515, 516. mackayi (Tyto), 281, 282.
loreyi (Cirphis), 122. mackenziana (Cryptolopha), 537.
Loria, 524. mackloti (Dicaeum), 381.
loriae (Eupetes), 505. macklotii (Pitta), 492.
— (Loria), 524. Macrodiplax, 469.
Loriculus, 336, 488. Macroglossum, 11, 117.
Lorius, 484. Macronemurus, 452, 453.
lory (Lorius), 484. macroptera (Zilla), 151.
Lotus, 152. Macropteryx, 339, 491.
lotus (Zizyphus), 116. Macropygia, 311, 312, 329, 381, 382, 479.
louisiadensis (Nishada), 223. macrorhina (Dacela), 488.
Loxia, 293. — (Melidora), 488.
Lucasi, 107. macrorhyncha (Corone), 378.
lucasi (Julodis), 92. — (Galerida), 45.
lucidus (Erytus), 104. macrorynchos (Corvus), 378.
— (Aphodius), 104. macrourus (Caprimulgus), 382, 491.
lucifuga (Cucullia), 122. — (Cireus), 12, 63.
lucilla (Euchloé), 113. maculata (Hrolia), 482.
lucionensis (Lanius), 356. maculatus (Mecocerus), 259.
luctuatus (Physopterus), 582. — (Oriolus), 374.
luctuosus (Graphipterus), 88. maculiapex (Philydrus), 90.
— (Tachyphonus), 236, 237. maculifer (Physopterus), 262.
lugens (Aphodius), 105. maculivitella (Saluria), 138.
— (Oenanthe), 7, 8, 54. maculosus (Mecotropis), 267.
— (Saxicola), 23, 54. madaraszi (Psittacella), 487.
lugubris (Surniculus), 340, 341. magna (Tyto), 283, 284.
lunaris (Mus), 565. j magnifica (Megaloprepia), 479. i
lunata (Staria), 592. — (Paradisea), 521.
ES 9 eee eg =
magnificata (Anisozyga), 410.
magnificus (Diphyllodes), 521.
— (Falcinellus), 522.
— (Ptiloris), 522.
magnirostris (Esacus), 332.
maja (Munia), 372.
majestica (Oenochlora), 404.
major (Anisozyga), 409.
— (Anumeta), 130.
— (Endoliche), 195.
— (Erythra), 304.
—(Parus), 366, 382.
— (Thamnophilus), 227.
majorella (Anerastia), 138, 469.
majori (Myrmecaelurus), 448.
malaccensis (Passer), 371.
malacensis (Anthreptes), 368, 369.
Malacogaster, 90.
Malacyntis, 142.
malayana (Dendrobiastes), 351, 382.
— (Eudynamis), 382.
malayensis (Ictinaétus), 334.
Malcomia, 150.
Malurus, 475-502.
mamillatus (Xenocerus), 269.
manillensis (Ardea), 332.
Manoba, 224, 225.
Manucodia, 520, 521.
manyar (Ploceus), 373.
Maracanda, 455-7, 458.
margiana (Odontelia), 121.
marginata (Asura), 208.
— (Chlorochroma), 440.
— (Egadroma), 87.
— (Pyrrhorachis), 440.
marginepunctata (Prasinocyma), 428, 429.
marmorata (Ptilotis), 516.
marmoreus (Mecotropis), 267.
maroccana (Oxythespis), 605.
Marrubium, 610.
martini (Camptobrochis), 596
— (Platypterna), 610.
massaicus (Arvicanthis), 529, 550, 572.
Massoutiera, 14, 15, 31, 32.
Mathiola, 150.
maugeus (Geopelia), 330.
maura (Apopestis), 131.
— (Cicindela), 86.
Mauretania, 117.
mauretanica (Amicta), 133, 134, 153, 157.
— (Celerio), 117.
— (Euxoa), 120.
mauretanicus (Turdus), 27.
mauritanica (Ammophila), 600.
— (Crocidura), 588.
— (Psammophila), 600.
— (Stenodactylus), 78.
( 639 )
mauritanica (Tarentola), 78.
mauritanicus (Sorex), 588.
— (Turdus), 53.
maximus (Artamus), 506.
— (Centrococeyx), 321.
Mecocerculus, 243.
Mecocerus, 257-262.
Mecomischus, 161.
Mecotropis, 265-8.
Mecyna, 140.
Mecynotarsus, 94.
medicatus (Epimys), 545, 558, 572.
mediofascia (Asura), 210, 211.
— (Graptasura), 204.
mediofasciata (Illice), 199.
mediopuncta (Asura), 211.
— (Eugoa), 221, 222.
mediterraneus (Eumenes), 598.
medius (Dasymys), 537, 572.
— (Myrmecaelurus), 448.
meekiana (Coracina), 500.
meeki (Cyclopsitta), 485.
— (Edoliisoma), 501.
— (Oedistoma), 513.
— (Parotia), 475, 523.
— (Pitohui), 475, 507.
— (Pristorhampus), 475, 511.
— (Sericornis), 475, 503, 504.
— (Syma), 488.
Megacephala, 87.
megala (Baza), 305, 307, 483.
Megalestes, 496.
Megaloprepia, 479.
megalops (Anthicus), 95.
— (Mycetocharina), 97.
Megalornis, 68.
Megalurus, 361.
Meganthribus, 257, 263-5.
Megapodius, 477.
megapsis (Mecotropis), 266.
megarhyncha (Emberizoides), 238, 239.
— (Luscinia), 14, 18, 58.
— (Pinarolestes), 507.
megarhynchus (Melilestes), 513.
melaleuca (Loxia), 293.
melaleucus (Artamus), 289, 293.
Melampsalta, 465.
Melanaema, 203.
Melania, 18.
melanocephala (Sylvia), 15.
melanocephalos (Microtarsus), 359.
melanocephalus (Ailuroedus), 525.
— (Ptilinopus), 328.
Melanocharis, 511.
melanochlamys (Astur), 482.
Melanocoryphus, 594.
melanogastra (Cyrtostomus), 309.
( 640 )
melanoleuca (Muscicapula), 382. meyeri (Timeliopsis), 515.
melanoleucus (Physopterus), 582, 583. mbhorr (Gazella), 35.
melanope (Motacilla), 370, 519. Micipsa, 99.
Melanopsis, 10, 18. micipsa (Ammophila), 600.
melanoptera (Gracupica), 375. Micrelytra, 593.
Melanopyrrhus, 526, 527. Microeca, 495, 496.
Melanorhectes, 507. Microglossus, 485.
melanos (Thryothorus), 228. Microhierax, 334.
melanothorax (Cyanoderma), 361. microphylla (Thymelaea), 156.
melanotis (Ailuroedus), 525. Microtarsus, 359. ~
melanura (Agrotis), 120. microtis (Graphiurus), 537, 545, 554, 558.
— (Pachycephala), 354. microtus (Graphiurus), 574, 575.
melas (Edoliisoma), 501. militaris (Spilostethus), 593.
Melecta, 598. millierei (Dericorys), 613.
melichari (Deltocephalus), 467. Milluta, 599.
Melidora, 488. Miltochrista, 202, 214-16, 225, 226.
Melilestes, 513. miltochristaemorpha (Asura), 214.
Melipotes, 475, 515. miltochristina (Asura), 212.
Melirrhophetes, 475, 514, 515. miltochristoides (Asuridia), 202.
Melitaea, 2, 21, 24, 72, 114, 115. Milvus, 8, 11, 14, 24, 63, 183.
Melittophagus, 338. mimetica (Asura), 212.
Mellopitta, 475, 491. — (Caprimimodes), 220.
melvillensis (Artamus), 292. mimicaria (Anisozyga), 407.
— (Tyto), 282. mimikae (Ptilotis), 517, 518, 519.
menadensis (Monarcha), 493. mindanensis (Caprimulgus), 340.
menbeki (Centropus), 490. mindorensis (Mecotropis), 267.
mendica (Blepharopsis), 156, 607. —(Thriponax), 318, 320.
meninting (Alcedo), 336. miniata (Miltochrista), 202.
menthae (Mylabris), 97. — (Talara), 201.
meridionalis (Anthicus), 95. miniaticollis (Aulacoderus), 96.
— (Caprimulgus), 22, 59. minima (Omphacodes), 437.
— (Chelidon), 180. Mino, 526.
— (Hirundo), 58. minor (Calandrella), 42, 72.
Meriones, 8, 30, 144, 589, 590. — (Dicrurus), 374.
Merops, 14, 17, 25, 60, 181, 338, 339. — (Gigantothea), 431.
merula (Turdus), 27, 53. — (Lophorina), 522, 523.
merulinus (Cacomantis), 342. — (Turtur), 329.
mesites (Xenocerus), 270. minullum (Dicaeum), 367.
Mesochorus, 601. minus (Edoliisoma), 500, 501.
Mesogomphus, 468. minuta (Ardetta), 22, 65, 184.
Mesostena, 98. minutella (Baroda), 138.
Metabletus, 88. minutus (Ixobrychus), 65.
Metacineta, 415. Mirafra, 370.
metallicus (Calornis), 526. miscens (Bombylius), 464.
— (Lamprocorax), 526. mitchelli (Trichoglossus), 335, 381.
Metallochlora, 432, 433. mitis (Celerena), 394.
Metallolophia, 404. Mixocera, 433, 436, 441.
Metarctia, 187. mixta (Ptilotis), 519.
metascota (Asura), 213. modesta (Psittacella), 487.
Metasia, 141. modestus (Anthicus), 95.
Metaxanthia, 591. — (Psittacus), 487.
Metopoceras, 123. modiglianii (Macropygia), 329.
mexicanus (Geococeyx), 253. moesta (Oenanthe), 54, 72.
meyeri (Chrysococeyx), 489. — (Saxicola), 54, 72.
— (Edoliisoma), 501. moilensis (Coelopeltis), 83.
— (Euthyrhynehus), 515. — (Coluber), 83.
— (Myzomela), 513. moluccensis (Falco), 334.
( 641 )
Molybdamoeba, 463. Muscicapula, 350, 351, 382.
mombasae (Tatera), 530. muscosaria (Hypodoxa), 401.
monachus (Aegypius), 62. musculus (Mus), 590.
—(Vultur), 62, 170, 183. musgravianus (Amblyornis), 525.
Monarcha, 493. musgravii (Amblyornis), 525.
{ monilis (Ramphastos), 254. musicus (Copsychus), 365, 367.
y monostigma (Melanocoryphus), 594. musschenbroeki (Artamus), 289, 290, 291, 293.
montana (Casuarina), 326, 366, 367. mutata (Celerena), 394.
— (Edoliisoma), 500. mya (Ammomanes), 12, 14, 15, 20, 43, 72.
— (Horeites), 365, 381. myagroides (Zilla), 151.
— (Ptilotis), 518, 519. myalis (Constantia), 139.
montanum (Edoliisoma), 500. mycerini (Xenopsylla), 144.
montanus (Passer), 371. Mycetocharina, 97.
— (Pomatorhinus), 360. Mycetoporus, 89.
monteironis (Cartaletes), 395. Myelois, 135.
Monticola, 12, 53. Myiobius, 243.
moratus (Elephantulus), 587. Myiochanes, 245, 246.
morawitzi (Apterogyna), 599. Myiophoneus, 361.
Morettia, 150. Mylabris, 96, 97.
Moricandia, 151. Myotis, 29.
morio (Andrena), 598. myotis (Myotis), 29.
mossi (Colias), 187. Myrmecaelurus, 447-9, 450.
Motacilla, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, Myrmecocystus, 600.
47, 74, 84, 174, 361, 370, 519. Myrmeleon, 446.
moussieri (Diplootocus), 58, 74. Myrmotherula, 235.
mozabitica (Eublemma), 126, 127. mystacea (Macropteryx), 491.
— (Tmethis), 612. mystaceus (Cypselus), 491.
Mudaria, 469. Myzomela, 512.
Mulio, 463. mzabi (Massoutiera), 30, 31, 32.
miilleri (Edoliisoma), 500. — (Metasia), 141.
— (Rhipidura), 495.
miillerii (Carpophaga), 478.
— (Columba), 478. Nacerdes, 94.
Mulleripicus, 321. Nadal, 454.
mulsanti (Tentyria), 99. nevipennis (Solter), 450.
multeaculeata (Tachyglossus), 191. naimii (Malurus), 502.
multicolor (Callipotnia), 394. nana (Carduelis), 39.
— (Hypodoxa), 399, 400. — (Macropygia), 311, 312.
multicolora (Gerusia), 393. — (Sylvia), 2, 4, 8, 24, 26, 51, 177.
multilunatus (Thriponax), 317, 318, 319. Nanodes, 485.
multipunctata (Tyto), 283, 284. Narasodes, 224.
multispurcata (Pingasa), 397. nasidens (Chalicodoma), 598.
multistriata (Charmosynopsis), 475, 484. Nasilio, 572.
Mungos, 536. Nasiterna, 475, 486.
Munia, 371, 372, 381, 520. nasomaculata (Addax), 70.
muricolor (Utriculifera), 226. nasomaculatus (Addax), 35.
murina (Amicta), 133, 134, 153, 157. nastes (Colias), 187.
— (Amycto), 26. nasuta (Acrida), 607.
— (Crateroscelis), 501, 502. Nearcha, 389, 390.
— (Hemonia), 223. neavei (Prasinocyma), 421.
murinus (Apus), 26, 27, 59, 180. nebularia (Totanus), 69.
— (Vespertilio), 29. — (Tringa), 69. ;
Mus, 528, 565, 590. nebulosus (Onthophagus), 106.
muschenbroeki (Nanodes), 485. neglecta (Aplonis), 376.
— (Neopsittacus), 485. — (Dissoura), 332.
Muscicapa, 9, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 48, 49, 175, — (Tarentola), 78.
296. — (Zosterops), 366, 367.
a 2
neglectum (Dicaeum), 381.
neohanoveranus (Eurystomus), 298, 303.
Neophron, 8, 14, 24, 62.
Neopipo, 246-8.
Neopsittacus, 485.
neoxena (Chelidon), 493.
Nephopteryx, 135.
Neromia, 433, 434.
nesiotes (Pachycephala), 355.
Nesoleon, 446, 447.
neurasthenicus (Creagris), 453.
Neuroleon, 451, 452.
Neurotoca, 434.
Nezara, 593.
ni (Plusia), 129.
nictata (Prasinocyma), 422.
nigerrimus (Uromastix), 79, 80.
nigra (Hydrochelidon), 69.
— (Lalage), 357.
— (Melanocharis), 511.
— (Selysiothemis), +58, 469.
nigrescens (Amicta), 134.
— (Chionaema), 193.
— (Melanorhectes), 507.
— (Pitohui), 507.
nigricauda (Tatera), 530.
nigricrissus (Eupetes), 505.
nigrifrons (Dendromys), 545, 553, 573.
nigripectus (Machaerirhynchus), 475, 498.
— (Pitohui), 506.
nigripennis (Exochomus), 91.
nigripes (Egretta), 333.
nigrirostris (Cyclarhis), 234.
— (Cyclorhis), 234.
— (Macropygia), 479.
nigrita (Myzomela), 513.
nigritergum (Ptilotis), 515.
nigritorques (Eulacestoma), 510.
nigriventris (Uromastix), 79, 80.
nigroaculeata (Zaglossus), 189, 190.
nigro-orbitalis (Poecilodryas), 475, 497.
nigropectus (Eulacestoma), 510.
nigroplagiata (Talara), 200.
nigrorufa (Zygaenosia), 205.
nilotica (Vulpes), 36.
niloticus (Loemopsylla), 530.
— (Xenopsylla), 530.
Nina, 444, 445.
Nishada, 223, 224.
nisoria (Munia), 372.
nisseni (Ammetopa), 123.
— (Melitaea), 115.
nitens (Moricandia), 151.
Nitidula, 90.
Nitraria, 11, 22, 40, 154, 158.
niveata (Chamaita), 219.
niveiceps (Chrysallactis), 194.
( 642 )
niveofasciatus (Xenocerus), 274.
niviplena (Anisozyga), 409.
nivisparsa (Anisozyga), 406.
— (Prasinocyma), 406.
nivosella (Myelois), 135.
nobiliaria (Zuleika), 131.
nobilis (Otidiphaps), 481.
— (Pingasa), 397.
noctua (Athene), 14, 27, 61.
Noctuelia, 141.
noctuella (Nomophila), 140.
noloides (Schistophleps), 218.
Nomophila, 140.
Northia, 442, 443.
nortia (Racheospila), 416.
— (Synchlora), 416.
nostradamus (Gegenes), 116.
notata (Lithostege), 132.
— (Ptilotis), 517, 518.
nouhuysi (Sericornis), 502, 503.
nouna (Teracolus), 24, 113, 149.
novaeguineae (Ardices), 278.
— (Chaetura), 475, 491.
— (Corvus), 500.
— (Melilestes), 513.
— (Paradisea), 521.
— (Philemon), 475, 513, 514.
— (Pitta), 492.
novaehollandiae (Tyto), 280-83.
nubicus (Loemopsylla), 529.
— (Pulex), 529.
— (Xenopsylla), 143, 529.
nubifera (Strepsichlora), 432.
nubigena (Xenochlorodes), 442.
nubigera (Chloridia), 119.
nubilus (Meganthribus), 265.
— (Neuroleon), 452.
Nudaria, 220,
nudatum (Traganum), 16, 148.
Numenius, 331.
numida (Cercopis), 466.
— (Eucera), 598.
— (Trieephora), 466.
numidalis (Tretopheryx), 140.
nyama (Tatera), 530.
Nyeticorax, 22, 65.
nycticorax (Nycticorax), 22, 65.
nymani (Myzomela), 512.
oberholseri (Hypothymis), 295, 296.
oberthuri (Athetis), 126.
— (Lymantria), 118.
obiensis (Xanthetis), 203.
obliquata (Chilena), 119.
obliquivitella (Tephris), 136.
obscura (Catamenia), 237, 238.
( 643 )
obscura (Emberiza), 237.
— (Spermophila), 237.
obscurum (Amphimallon), 106.
obseurus (Amphimallon), 106.
— (Hemipus), 356.
— (Ophion), 601.
obsolescens (Euchloé), 13, 112.
obsoleta (Prasinocyma), 423.
— (Xanthomima), 93.
obsoletus (Dichirotrichus), 88.
obstinata (Zosterops), 367.
obstipata (Orthonama), 132.
occidentalis (Cacatua), 335.
— (Falco), 334.
— (Melitaea), 115.
ocellatus (Podargus), 490.
Ochodaeus, 105.
ochraceorufa (Melanaema), 203.
ochreata (Eurylomia), 217.
ochrotaeniella (Heterographis), 137.
Ochthoea, 241-3.
Ochthoeca, 242, 243.
Ocnera, 100.
Ocneria, 118, 469.
ocnerioides (Asura), 211.
ocrophus (Totanus), 9, 22, 69.
— (Tringa), 69.
octofasciatus (Sphingonotus), 612.
Ocypterus, 290, 293.
Odontelia, 121.
Odontotarsus, 592.
Odozana, 196, 197.
Oecocecis, 142, 158.
oedicnemus (Burhinus), 68.
— (Oedienemus), 68.
Oedistoma, 513.
Oenanthe. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 21,
23-6, 43, 53, 54, 55, 72, 73, 179.
oenanthe (Oenanthe), 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 17, 53, 54,
73, 179, 180.
— (Saxicola), 53, 179.
Oenochlora, 404.
Oenomys, 530, 537, 549, 550, 555, 558, 569, 572.
oenone (Chrysuronia), 248, 249.
— (Ornismya), 248.
Oenospila, 429.
officinalis (Borago), 160.
— (Scincus), 82.
ogadensis (Dictyophara), 466.
oleae (Mylabris), 97.
Olibrus, 91.
olivacea (Ochthoeca), 242.
— (Sericornis), 502.
olivaceus (Ochthoeca), 242.
— (Xenocerus), 275, 276.
olivescens (Berta), 439, 440.
olivieri (Calosoma), 87.
olivieri (Campalita), 87.
olivierii (Exoprosopa), 462.
omar (Metopoceras), 123.
Omphacodes, 437, 442.
Omphalophana, 124.
Omphax, 434,
Oncocephalus, 594.
Oncophorus, 89.
Onitis, 106.
onopordi (Julodis), 92.
Onthophagus, 106.
Onycodes, 391.
oorti (Ailuroedus), 526.
— (Clytomyias), 475, 499.
— (Sericornis), 503.
opaca (Hippolais), 21, 22, 50.
— (Hypolais), 177.
— (Potosia), 108.
opacior (Aphodius), 104.
opacus (Aphodius), 104.
Ophiographa, 390.
Ophion, 601.
ophthalmicus (Anthicus), 95.
— (Pogonotriceus), 243, 244, 245.
Opilo, 90.
Opopsitta, 485.
optatus (Cuculus), 342, 489.
opulentus (Physopterus), 262.
oraniensis (Dorylus), 600.
oratoria (Iris), 604.
orbiferana (Hemonia), 223.
orbimaculata (Anisozyga), 410.
Oreocharis, 512.
Oreosterops, 366, 378, 381, 382.
orientalis (Coracias), 298.
— (Eudynamis), 382.
— (Eurystomus), 297-303, 336.
— (Gallinula), 331.
— (Heterochaeta), 605.
— (Macropygia), 311, 312.
— (Manucodia), 520.
— (Melanopyrrhus), 526.
— (Ptilotis), 517, 518.
— (Trischallis), 222.
Oriolus, 22, 38, 168, 374, 526.
oriolus (Oriolus), 22, 38, 168, 374, 526.
ornata (Cinnyris), 368, 382.
— (Ovis), 460.
ornatimargo (Omphax), 434.
ornatula (Chroantha), 593.
ornatus (Anthicus), 95.
— (Ovis), 459.
— (Saprinus), 89.
— (Uromastix), 79.
— (Xenocerus), 269.
Ornismya, 248.
orphea (Sylvia), 22, 51.
Orthacantacris, 614.
Orthetrum, 468.
( 644 )
pallidior (Ptilinopus), 328.
pallidus (Xenopsylla), 529.
Orthomus, 87.
Orthonama, 132.
Orthorhynchus, 251.
Orthotomus, 364, 381.
Oryzaephilus, 91.
oryzivora (Munia), 372.
osgoodi (Tatera), 529.
Osmotreron, 328.
Osteodes, 132.
Ostrea, 10.
othello (Athysanus), 467.
Otidiphaps, 481.
Palpangula, 128.
palpebrosa (Gerygone), 497.
— (Zosterops), 366.
palpi (Exoprosopa), 461.
palustris (Emberiza), 41.
—(Megalurus), 361.
panayensis (Aplonis), 375-7, 381,
panchlora (Prasinocyma), 420.
pandurus (Spilostethus), 593.
Paniscus, 601.
pantherina (Atomophora), 597.
pantherinus (Mecotropis), 268.
Otocorys, 25, 26, 46, 170. Papilio, 13, 24, 109, 110, 157.
Otogyps, 62. papillosa (Reseda), 151.
Otomys, 542, 545, 548, 551, 558, 568, 572, 581. papuana (Microeca), 496.
Otus, 3, 9, 14, 25, 27, 62, 182, 285. papuanus (Astur), 475, 482.
oudrii (Ptyodactylus), 77. papuensis (Artamus), 289, 292.
ovata (Capparis), 23, 149. — (Chaetorhynchus), 527.
Ovis, 36, 459, 460. — (Coracina), 500.
oxybeles (Prasinocyma), 427. — (Geocichla), 505.
oxycentra (Prasinocyma), 428. — (Podargus), 490.
Oxychora, 406, 408, 410, 414, 432. — (Prasinocyma), 428.
oxygnathus (Myotis), 29. — (Turdus), 505.
Oxypora, 432. Paracymus, 90.
Oxythespis, 604, 605, 606. Paradigalla, 475, 523.
Oxythyrea, 108. Paradisea, 521, 522.
oyapocensis (‘Thryothorus), 228, 229, 230. paralius (Mecocerus), 259.
parameia (Miltochrista), 214.
Paraptychodes, 395, 396.
Paraxerus, 529.
pardalis (Acanthodactylus), 81.
— (Mecotropis), 266..
— (Physopterus), 263.
Pariodontis, 143.
Paronychia, 149.
Parotia, 475, 523.
parroti (Centropus), 323, 324.
Parus, 27, 47, 356, 366, 382.
parva (Mirafra), 370.
parviflora (Savignia), 151.
parvirostris (Artamus), 292.
parvula (Cacatua), 335.
parvus (Thriponax), 317, 318.
Passer, 4, 5, 8, 11, 22, 23, 26, 39, 40, 72, 154,
168, 169, 183, 371.
passerinoides (Tamarix), 156.
pauciovulata (Tamarix), 156.
pauper (Spermophila), 237.
Pauropsalta, 465.
Paussus, 88.
pavoninus (Aulacorhamphus), 259.
— (Pteroglossus), 254, 255.
— (Ramphastos), 255.
paykuli (Mylabris), 96.
pectoralis (Alcippe), 352.
pachistorhinus (Aplonis), 377.
— (Lamprocorax), 377.
Pachycare, 475, 510.
Pachycephala, 354, 355, 475, 508-10.
Pachychile, 99.
Pachydema, 107.
Pachytylus, 611.
Pachyura, 588.
Pachyuromys, 589.
pacifica (Coracias), 301.
pacificus (Eurystomus), 298, 301, 302.
Palaeopsis, 219.
Palaeopsylla, 561, 562, 563, 577.
Palaeornis, 336.
palaestinensis (Euchloé), 111.
pallasii (Alcedo), 313, 314.
pallida (Asura), 209.
— (Baza), 305, 306.
— (Hippolais), 21, 50.
— (Hypolais), 177.
— (Psittacus), 487.
— (Pyrameis), 114.
— (Spilornis), 334.
—(Upupa), 181.
pallidior (Lepus), 32, 590.
— (Metopoceras), 123.
pectoralis (Cinnyris), 368.
— (Eclectus), 487.
— (Psittacus), 487.
— (Rhinomyias), 351, 352.
— (Thriponax). 317, 319.
pedester (Epimys), 572.
Pediculus. 25.
Peganum, 154.
pelagica (Alcedo), 316.
Pelargopis. 338.
pelewensis (Artamus), 289, 293.
peltastes (Pachydema), 107.
— (Phygotoxeuma), 107.
penelope (Anas), 66.
penia (Euchloé). 113.
Pennisetum, 146.
Pentaria, 97.
Pentoden, 108.
perenopterus (Neophron), 62.
percomptaria (Hypobapta), 404.
peregrina (Schistocerca), 614.
peregrinus (Falco), 284, 285.
— (Pericrocotus), 357.
perfasciata (Eugoa), 226.
perfulva (Paraptychodes), 395.
Pericrocotus, 356, 357, 381.
Pericyma, 129.
Periploca, 159.
Periploea, 23.
peristicta (Qenospila), 429.
perlatus (Ptilinopus), 478.
perplexa (Tyto), 280, 281, 282.
perpolluta (Prasinocyma), 430.
Perrinellus, 92.
persica (Oxythespis), 605.
persicus (Merops), 25, 60, 181.
personatus (Geoffroyus), 381, 486.
perspicillata (Sericornis), 502.
pesquetii (Dasyptilus), 486.
— (Psittacus). 486.
petersi (Tyranniscus), 242.
petitaria (Hierochthonia), 435.
petrii (Stenodactylus), 76, 77.
Petromys, 576.
petrosa (Caecabis), 24, 25, 67, 185.
Phacusosia, 203.
phaeops (Gallinula), 304.
— (Numenius), 331.
Phalaena, 405.
Phantia, 466.
pharao (Saprinus), 89.
Phaselia, 133.
phasianella (Macropygia), 329, 382.
Phassodes, 278.
Philadelphus, 153.
Philemon, 475, 513, 514.
Philenora, 217.
( 645 )
philippensis (Centropus), 322.
philippinensis (Mecocerus), 258.
— (Thriponax), 318, 320.
philippinus (Lanius), 290.
— (Merops), 338, 339.
— (Ploceus), 373.
Phillixus. 104.
Philydrus, 90.
phlaeas (Chrysophanus), 116.
Phlegoenas, 480, 481.
Phloeobiopsis, 584, 585.
Phloeophilus, 261, 262.
Phloiophilus, 261, 262.
Phodilus, 335.
phoenicogramma (Prasinocyma), 427.
Phoenicophaés, 347, 381.
Phoenicopterus, 66, 184.
phoenicura (Amaurornis), 303-5, 331.
— (Ammomanes), 171.
Phoenicurus, 8, 9, 14, 20, 22, 25, 57.
phoenicurus (Amaurornis), 303.
— (Ammomanes), 4, 7, 8, 11, 16, 23, 26, 43.
— (Phoenicurus), 8, 9, 14, 20, 22, 25, 57.
phoenix (Dichorda), 437.
— (Dichordophora), 437.
phoeotis (Arvicanthis), 529.
Phonapate, 93.
Phonygammus, 520.
Phthoimaea, 143.
Phygotoxeuma, 107.
Phyllergates, 364.
Phyllopertha, 107.
Phylloscopus, 3, 5, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17, 20-22, 49,
50, 84, 175, 353, 354, 365, 382.
Physopterus, 257, 261-3, 582, 583.
Phytocoris, 596.
Phytonomus, 104.
piceola (Euthriptera), 100.
picticornis (Atomophora), 597.
picticosta (Neromia), 433.
pictipennis (Comibaena), 415.
picturata (Harpagophana}, 123.
pictus (Xenocerus), 269,
Picus, 318, 321, 348.
Pieris, 2, 3, 4, 13, 21, 24, 54, 110, 111.
pilicornis (Hyalocoris), 594.
Pimelia, 100.
Pinarolestes, 507, 508.
pineti (Bryophila), 125.
Pingasa, 131, 397.
pinon (Carpophaga), 478.
— (Columba), 478.
Pionias, 486.
Pipistrellus, 28, 586,
Pipra, 247.
Pirates, 595.
pirazzolii (Oncophorus), 89.
( 646 )
pisina (Agathia), 404. polystictica (Iris), 604.
pistaceus (Hydrous), 89. Pomatorhinus, 360, 505.
Pistacia, 25. pomiformis (Eumenes), 598.
Pithyranthus, 157. Pompilus, 600, 601.
Pitohui, 475, 506, 507. Poospiza, 238.
Pitta, 350, 492. . porphyreus (Ptilinopus), 328, 381.
plagiata (Gymnochroma), 220. postbicolor (Asura), 211.
plagifer (Phloeobiopsis), 584. postcaerulescens (Lithoprocis), 194,
plagosus (Chionaema), 193. postdivisa (Chionaema), 192.
plana (Zophosis), 98. postmarginata (Ophiographa), 390.
planipes (Paniscus), 601. postpuncta (Manoba), 225.
Plantago, 160. postrosea (Metarctia), 187.
plantaria (Omphax), 434. postrubida (Odozana), 197.
platensis (Embernagra), 238. postvitrea (Caprimima), 220.
platyacanthus (Pompilus), 600, 601. postvitreata (Asura), 209.
platycerella (Prophtasia), 138. potis (Chimaeropsylla), 581.
Platynorrhynchus, 261, 582. Potosia, 108.
Platypterna, 607-10. praecipua (Ptilotis), 515, 516.
platyzona (Xenocerus), 270. praeustus (Xylonites), 93.
Plecotus, 28. prasina (Aeolochroma), 402, 403.
Plegadis, 65. Prasinocyma, 406, 420-32, 438, 440.
plicata (Psoralea), 152. prasinus (Aulacorhynchus), 255.
Plicatula, 10. — (Pteroglossus), 255.
Ploas, 464. pratensis (Anthus), 9, 47.
Ploceella, 373. Pratincola, 14, 18, 22, 56, 57, 180, 290, 354.
Ploceus, 373. : pratincola (Glareola), 22, 68.
plorans (Euprepocnemis), 614. — (Tyto), 283.
plumbea (Ceblepyris), 500. Prepiella, 198.
— (Edoliisoma), 500. prepielloides (Callisthenia), 198, 199.
plumbeiventris (Gymnocrex), 481. Prinia, 364, 381.
— (Rallus), 481. Prioneris, 279.
plumosa (Aristida), 34, 145. Prionotheca, 100.
Plusia, 129. Pristorhampus, 475, 511.
pluto (Myzomela), 513. privata (Gelasma), 419, 420.
Podargus, 490. — (Homeosoma), 137.
poecilocercus (Empidochanes), 239-41. Probolosceles, 415.
— (Knipolegus), 240. proboscis (Exoprosopa), 461.
Foecilodryas, 475, 496, 497. Procavia, 530.
poeciloides (Anisodactylus), 87. Procrimima, 224.
poensis (Tyto), 283. Procris, 443.
Pogonotriccus, 243, 244, 245. Prodenia, 125,
Polia, 121. ‘ producta (Eupelix), 466.
poliopastalis (Constantia), 140. profesta (Pericyma), 129.
poliopse (Edoliisoma), 500. Progonodes, 417.
polioptilus (Myiochanes), 246. prolifera (Atractylis), 161.
poliosoma (Pachycephala), 509. Promasia, 142.
Polistes, 598. prominens (Laphigma), 126.
poliura (Megaloprepia), 479. Pronatestra, 122.
polluta (Chlorochroma), 430. prophata (Hypothymis), 294, 295, 296, 351.
— (Prasinocyma), 430. Prophtasia, 138.
Polophilus, 321. proximata (Metallochlora), 433.
Polycorynus, 583, 584. pruinosa (Platypterna), 610.
polydaedala (Gerusia), 392, 393. pruni (Procris), 443.
polyglotta (Hippolais), 21, 22, 50, 177. Psammodius, 105.
polyleucotes (Anisozyga), 406, 407. Psammomys, 30.
Polyphaga, 603, 604. Psammophila, 600.
polyspathus (Pompilus), 600, 601. Psammophis, 83.
Psammornis, 11, 70, 71.
Pseudhemithea, 434.
pseudobotys (Metasia), 141.
Pseudohadena, 125.
pseudojosiodes (Asura), 210.
pseudophaes (Nearcha), 390.
Pseudophotopsis, 599.
pseudosuturalis (Cymindis), 88.
Pseudoterpna, 397, 398.
Psilothrix, 90.
Psittacella, 487.
Psittacus, 483, 485-7.
Psoralea, 152.
Pteridophora, 475, 522.
Pterocles, 2, 3, 67, 185.
Pterocyanea, 66.
Pteroglossus, 227, 254, 255.
Pterostichus, 87.
Ptilinopus, 328, 381, 477, 478.
Ptilonorhynehus, 525.
Ptilopus, 478.
Ptilotis, 369, 515, 519, 522.
Ptychopoda, 133.
Ptyodactylus, 71.
pubescens (Daucus), 157.
pudentifimbria (Diplodesma), 434.
pudicus (Carpocoris), 593.
puella (Columba), 479.
— (Megaloprepia), 479.
puellus (Nesoleon), 447.
pugnax (Hemipodius), 327.
— (Machetes), 6, 69, 186.
— (Turnix), 327.
pulchella (Charmosyna), 484.
— (Charmosynopis), 484.
— (Columba), 477.
— (Utetheisa), 24, 133.
pulchellus (Ptilinopus), 477.
pulchraria (Prasinocyma), 421.
pulchripennis (Tmethis), 612.
Pulex, 529, 531, 535, 536.
pumila (Arvicanthis), 535.
— (Lucasi), 107.
pumilio (Arvicanthis), 549.
punctata (Asura), 207.
punctatissima (Asura), 207.
— (Tyto), 283, 284.
punctatus (Bombylius), 464.
— (Scaurus), 99.
— (Xenocerus), 276.
puncticollis (Scarabaeus), 106.
— (Xenocerus), 275.
punctifasciata (Chionaema), 193.
punctistriata (Caulocera), 219.
punctistrigosa (Chionaema), 225.
punctulata (Munia), 372.
— (Prasinocyma), 423.
( 647 )
pungens (Aristida), 4, 145.
pupa (Meganthribus), 265.
pura (Chilena), 119.
purpurascens (Odozana), 196.
purpurea (Ardea), 332.
purpurifera (Hypodoxa), 399.
pusillus (Cnipolegus), 240, 241.
— (Knipolegus), 239, 240.
— (Loriculus), 336.
putoni (Melanocoryphus), 594.
— (Oncocephalus), 594.
Pyenonotus, 76, 359, 382, 510.
Pygaera, 118.
pygidialis (Pentodon), 108.
Pygiopsylla, 537.
pygmaea (Lissocraspeda), 390.
— (Nasiterna), 486.
pygmaeum (Oedistoma), 513.
pyralina (Chionaema), 192, 193.
Pyrameis, 2, 3, 4, 13, 114.
pyramidum (Gerbillus), 29.
Pyrgomorpha, 613.
Pyrrhaspis, 424.
pyrrhaula (Asura), 212.
pyrrhauloides (Asura), 212.
Pyrrhocorax, 38.
pyrrhocorax (Pyrrhocorax), 38.
Pyrrhorachis, 415, 440, 441.
pyrrhuloides (Emberiza), 41.
quadrangularis (Amicta), 134.
quadrifasciata (Asura), 209.
— (Miltochrista), 214.
quaesita (Dysdamartia), 436.
Querquedula, 66,
querquedula (Anas), 6, 66.
quoyi (Cracticus), 507.
Rabinopteryx, 126.
Racheospila, 416; 417.
raddella (Eromene), 135.
radius (Euxoa), 120.
ractam (Retama), 4, 8, 152.
ragonoti (Salebria), 136.
Rallina, 331.
ralloides (Ardea), 9.
— (Ardeola), 64.
Rallus, 303, 481.
ramburiella (Eromene), 135.
ramelana (Agylla), 224,
ramesis (Xenopsylla), 144.
Ramphacyon, 338.
Ramphastos, 254, 255,
Rana, 10, 18, 84.
rapae (Pieris), 3, 110.
raphani (Pieris), 111.
rattus (Mus), 528.
rauca (Sphenoptera), 93.
Rectes, 506.
rectilineatus (Xenocerus), 269.
rectirostris (Lixus), 104,
— (Phillixus), 104.
rectius (Uromastix), 80.
redtenbacheri (Lasioderma), 93.
reducta (Anisozyga), 407.
— (Asura), 206.
Reduvius, 595,
refina (Gazella), 35.
regia (Paradisea), 521.
regis (Xenopsylla), 143.
regius (Cicinnurus), 521.
Regulus, 353.
regulus (Regulus), 353.
reichei (Bostrychopsis), 93.
reichenowi (Milvus), 183.
reinwardtii (Baza), 305, 306, 307, 483.
— (Falco), 306, 483.
— (Lophotes), 306, 483.
Reinwardtoenas, 480,
reinwardtsi (Reinwardtoenas), 480.
reiseri (Hippolais), 17,21, 22, 27, 50, 51, 177.
relaxus (Paracymus), 90.
remotata (Acidalia), 131.
remutata (Celerena), 394.
renatalis (Evergestis), 140.
reppensis (Hyperaspis), 91.
Reseda, 151.
respersa (Prasinocyma), 422.
Retama, 4, 8, 152.
reticulata (Clemensia), 202.
retrogradus (Anastoechus), 464.
rettigi (Ctenophthalmus), 545.
reversa (Prasinocyma), 424.
rex (Clytoceyx), 488, 489.
reyi (Chlorospingus), 236.
Rhabdocidaris, 10.
rhadinorhamphus (Lamprocorax), 377.
Rhagonycha, 90.
Rhagophthalmus, 90.
Rhamphocharis, 511, 512.
Rhamphocorys, 26, 41, 72.
Rhinococeyx, 347.
Rhinocoris, 595.
Rhinomyias, 351, 352, 381.
Rhinophantia, 466.
Rhipidura, 351, 381, 494.
Rhizotrogus, 4, 106.
Rhodesia, 434, 435.
rhodolaema (Anthreptes), 369.
rhodometopa (Pyrrhorachis), 441.
Rhodometra, 132.
rhodonia (Comibaena), 416.
( 648 )
rhodoseopa (Homospora), 391.
Rhogas, 601.
Rhynchocyon, 581.
Rhynchota, 592.
richardi (Anthus), 371.
richmondi (Hypothymis), 297.
ridgwayi (Thryothorus), 227, 229, 230.
ridibunda (Rana), 84.
riggenbachi (Pariodontis), 143.
rimosa (Mylabris), 97.
riordani (Tyto), 281, 282.
Riparia, 9, 14, 21, 22, 58, 180.
riparia (Riparia), 9, 14, 22, 58, 180.
rivolii (Ptilinopus), 477.
robertsoni (Melanopyrrhus), 526.
robusta (Hierochthonia), 435.
romanaria (Acidalia), 131.
romanarioides (Acidalia), 131.
roraimae (Pteroglossus), 227.
rosacea (Miltochrista), 215.
— (Odontelia), 121.
— (Pericyma), 129.
rosea (Apopestes), 131.
— (Xantholaema), 348.
roseata (Talara), 201.
roseiceps (Odozana), 196.
roseicollis (Ptilinopus), 328.
roseifimbria (Metallochlora), 432.
rosenbergi (Myzomela), 512.
roseofuliginosa (Lllice), 199.
roseogrisea (Asura), 208.
roseothorax (Diarhabdosia), 217.
roseus (Phoenicopterus), 66, 184.
rosmarus (Ctenocephalus), 528.
roszikae (Dipodillus), 29.
rothschildi (Leptopternis), 611.
— (Leucopsar), 375, 381.
— (Platypterna), 607, 610.
— (Psammornis), 11, 70, 71.
— (Solter), 450.
— (Troides), 278.
rotundatus (Graphipterus), 88.
rozeti (Elephantulus), 586, 587.
rozsikae (Dipodillus), 143, 589.
rubea (Ocneria), 118.
rubecula (Geocichla), 365.
rubescens (Arvicanthis), 530, 551, 565, 568, 569,
572.
rubetra (Pratincola), 14, 18, 22, 57, 180.
— (Saxicola), 57, 180.
rubicola (Pratincola), 14, 56, 57.
— (Saxicola), 56, 57.
rubicunda (Neopipo), 247.
rubiensis (Monarcha), 493.
—(Tchitrea), 493.
rubra (Eugerygone), 498.
— (Gerygone), 498.
( 649 )
rubralis (Aglossa), 139. sabulosa (Mudaria), 469.
rubricosa (Asura), 208. sabulosellus (Heterographis), 137.
rubrinervis (Calocoris), 596 sacer (Scarabaeus), 106.
rubripuncta (Prepiella), 198. sacra (Demiegretta), 333.
rubropunctata (Eremias), 81, 82. sacraria (Rhodometra), 132.
— (Lacerta), 81. saharae (Athene), 14, 27, 61.
ruddi (Tachyoryctes), 536. — (Burhinus), 68.
rufa (Baza), 306, 307, 308. — (Caprimulgus), 25, 26, 60, 181.
rufescens (Paniscus), 601. — (Cossus), 135.
ruficeps (Columba), 311. — (Crotalaria), 152.
— (Macropygia), 311, 312, 329, 381. — (Dyspessa), 135.
— (Pyrrhorachis), 441. — (Merops), 181.
ruficollis (Caprimulgus), 22, 59. — (Oedicnemus), 68.
— (Colymbus), 70. — (Papilio), 109.
— (Corvus), 37, 38, 72. — (Passer), 4, 5, 8, 11, 22, 23, 26, 40, 72, 154,
— (Gazella), 35. 169, 183.
— (Prasinocyma), 423. — (Paussus), 88.
ruficulmen (Prasinocyma), 430, 431. — (Scotocerea), 4, 52, 178.
rufidorsa (Ceyx), 338. saharensis (Anthicus), 95.
— (Rhipidura), 495. — (Himatismus), 99.
rufifrons (Agylla), 224. sahari (Emberiza), 24, 41, 170.
— (Xerus), 529. saharica (Maracanda), 457.
rufigaster (Carpophaga), 478. — (Rana), 10, 84.
— (Columba), 478. sahariensis (Ovis), 459, 460.
rufigula (Phlegoenas), 481. Salebria, 136.
rufinucha (Pachycephala), 508. Salicornia, 3.
rufinus (Arvicanthis), 551. salicornicum (Haloxylon), 147.
rufipennis (Centropus), 324. Salius, 600.
rufithorax (Axinotarsus), 90. salomonensis (Alcedo), 316.
rufitineta (Bryophila), 125. Salsola, 158.
— (Endoliche), 195. Salsolaceae, 4.
rufiventris (Carpophaga), 478. saltitans (Carpocarpa), 158.
— (Rhipidura), 495. Saluria, 138.
— (Stizus), 600. salvadorii (Aegotheles), 490.
rufoarenalis (Calamochrous), 140. — (Merops), 339.
rufobrunnea (Crateroscelis), 502. sambawanus (Xenocerus), 275.
rufocanus (Arvicola), 286. sancta (Haleyon), 337, 489.
rufofasciata (Manoba), 224. sanctaemartae (Myrmotherula), 235.
— (Pingasa), 398. sanctus (Haleyon), 337, 489.
rufomixta (Hypodoxa), 400. sanghirensis (Aplonis), 376.
rufomixtata (Acidalia), 131. sanguineus (Sphedanolestes), 596.
rufotineta (Asura), 214. sanguiniceps (Epicauta), 97.
rufum (Bathmisyrma), 493. sanguinicollis (KEuphutomma), 599.
rufus (Circus), 9. — (Mutilla), 599.
ruginaria (Pingasa), 397, 398. sanguinolentum (Dicaeum), 367, 368.
ruptilinea (Hypodoxa), 400. saperdoides (Xenocerus), 268.
russatus (Xenocerus), 271. Saprinus, 89,
russula (Crocidura), 588, 589. Sarcinodes, 393.
rustica (Chelidon), 6, 9, 11, 12, 14-20,25,27, 58, Sarcopsyllus, 528,
180, 352, 492. ' saturatior (Bryophila), 125.
— (Hirundo), 17, 20, 180, — (Ptilotis), 516.
rutilus (Arvicola), 286. saturatus (Cuculus), 489.
— (Eupetes), 475, 505,
— (Graphiurus), 537, 545, 554, 558, 574, 578.
sabella (Arenipses), 138. — (Machaerirhynchus), 475, 498.
sabulosa (Anumeta), 129, — (Passer), 371.
— (Kublemma), 127, 469. Saucerottia, 249, 250, 251,
42
( 6503)
saucerottei (Saucerottia), 249, 250, 251.
— (Trochilus), 250.
saiil (Trochilus), 250.
saularis (Copsychus), 365, 382.
Sauromarptis, 489.
Savignia, 151.
savignyi (Alastor), 602.
— (Apterogyna), 599,
saxatilis (Monticola), 12, 53.
— (Spilostethus), 593.
Saxicola, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22-4, 53-6, 57,
72, 180, 182, 354,
sealaris (Xenocerus), 269.
seapularis (Aegithina), 358.
scapulosa (Cerocala), 130.
Searabaeus, 106.
Scarites, 87.
Scaurus, 99.
Sceliphron, 600.
schach (Lanius), 355, 356, 382.
schistacea (Hemonia), 222, 223,
-— (Procrimima), 224.
schistaceoalba (Hemonia), 223.
schistaceoplagiata (Talara), 201.
schistaceus (Melanorhectes), 507.
— (Pitohui). 507.
schistacinus (Astur), 482.
schisticeps (Edoliisoma), 500.
— (Pomatorhinus), 360.
schisticolor (Formicivora), 235.
— (Myrmotherula), 235.
Schistocerea, 614.
Schistophleps, 218.
schleglii (Pachycephala), 508.
Schmittianum, 147.
schoenherri (Eugigas), 263.
— (Zophosis), 98.
schoenobaenus (Acrocephalus), 22, 50, 76.
schokari (Coluber), 83.
— (Psammophis), 83.
schousboei (Meriones), 8, 30, 144, 590.
schweinfurthii (Haloxylon), 147.
Scincus, 82.
scintillans (Anisozyga), 406,
— (Prasinocyma), 422.
scintillatus (Chaleopsittacus), 483.
— (Psittacus), 483.
Scirpus, 146.
selaterii (Casuarius), 476,
scoparia (Deverra), 110, 115, 157.
— (Pithyranthus), 157.
Scops, 25, 182.
scops (Otus), 3, 9, 14, 27, 62, 182,
— (Scops), 182.
Scotocerca, 4, 26, 52, 178.
Seotogramma, 121.
scrofa (Sus), 37.
scutellaris (Zygia), 90.
scutellatus (Acanthodactylus), 81.
secedens (Pachycephala), 355.
seebohmi (Oenanthe), 73.
sefranus (Lepus), 590.
sefrensis (Anthicus), 96.
seitzi (Euchloé), 112.
Seleucides, 522.
seleucides (Diphyllodes), 521.
Selysiothemis, 468, 469.
semicanescens (Dichromodes), 388.
semicinctus (Mecynotarsus), 94.
semifasciatus (Thamnophilus), 227.
semiluctuosus (Xenocerus), 277.
seminivea (Anisozyga), 406.
— (Prasinocyma), 422.
semivitrea (Hutane), 216.
senator (Lanius), 9, 14-17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 48, 174.
senegalensis (Oxythespis), 604, 605, 606.
— (Streptopelia), 67, 185.
— (Turtur), 3, 7, 24, 25, 27, 76, 184, 185.
senegallus (Pterocles), 67, 185.
— (Telophonus), 76.
senegalus (Pterocles), 2.
senex (Bombylius), 465.
— (Gymnocorvus), 520,
— (Xenocerus), 275.
sepiarius (Turdinus), 360.
sepium (Orthotomus), 364, 381.
sepoides (Chalcides), 82.
sepsoides (Scincus), 82.
septempunctata (Coccinella), 91.
sepuleralis (Cacomantis), 342, 382.
sericea (Loboparadisea), 475, 523.
Sericornis, 475, 502-4.
Serinus, 27, 39.
serinus (Serinus), 39.
serpentaria (Ophiographa), 390.
serrata (Aracima), 406.
— (Omphalophana), 124.
serrator (Graphipterus), 88.
serrulatus (Dianthus), 149.
sessiliflorum (Helianthemum), 156.
Sessinia, 94,
setosa (Rhipidura), 494.
— (Tachyglossus), 191.
Severinia, 605, 606.
sexmaculata (Anisozyga), 412.
— (Anthia), 18, 88,
sexstriatus (Tachys), 87.
sharpei (Edoliisoma), 501.
— (Ptilotis), 519.
shawi (Meriones), 589, 590.
sherif (Lepus), 590.
sibilatrix (Phylloseopus), 22, 49.
sicula (Chalicodoma), 598.
sigillaria (Racheospila), 417.
( 651 )
signifera (Prasinocyma), 426. speciosus (Xenocerus), 268, 274.
siifolia (Diplotaxis), 150. speculigera (Muscicapa), 175.
Silene, 149. Spermophila, 237.
silenides (Pronatestra), 122. Sphedanolestes, 596.
similis (Eugoa), 221. Sphenocercus, 382.
— (Mecotropis), 266. Sphenoptera, 93.
— (Ptilotis), 517. sphenurus (Sphenocereus), 382.
similliforma (Eurylomia), 217. Sphingonotus, 612.
simillima (Hemonia), 223, Sphodromerus, 614.
— (Motacilla), 370. Sphodrus, 87.
— (Nudaria), 220. sphyrus (Papilio), 109.
simplex (Caenotriccus), 241. spilodera (Aethomyias), 475, 501.
— (Comostolopsis), 440. Spilornis, 334.
— (Geoffroyus), 486. _ spilosa (Mecotropis), 267.
— (Passer), 4, 5, 8, 11, 22, 23, 26, 40, 72, 154, — spilosomoides (Miltochrista), 214.
169, 183. Spilostethus, 593.
— (Phloeobiopsis), 584. spilota (Oxychora), 432.
— (Pionias), 486. spinifera (Euxoa), 120.
— (Prasinocyma), 424. spinipes (Uromastix), 80.
— (Xenocerus), 268. spinosa (Capparis), 23, 149.
simulator (Mecocerus), 260, 261. — (Zilla), 151.
sinapis (Zygaenosia), 205. spirifex (Sceliphron), 600.
sinensis (Centropus), 321-4, 342, splendidissima (Astrapia), 474, 521.
— (Illiberis), 443. splendidum (Stilbum), 600.
— (Ixobrychus), 333. Sporaeginthus, 371.
—(Polophilus), 321. squalida (Pachycephala), 510.
Siphia, 295, 351. — (Tropinota), 108.
Siphonaptera, 528. stagnatilis (Totanus), 9, 22, 69.
sitifensis (Cymindis), 88. — (Tringa), 6, 69.
sitiphoides (Aphodius), 104. stagonata (Progonodes), 417.
sloetii (Campochaera), 499. stalkeri (Zosterops), 367.
smaragdina (Gelasma), 418. Staria, 592.
sociabilis (Cardepia), 122. Stathmopolitis, 142.
Sognorus, 89. Statice, 158.
Solenoglossus, 485. Staudingeria, 136, 137.
solitaria (Ceyx), 488. - stellae (Charmosyna), 475, 485.
sollicitans (Dicaeum), 367. stellata (Anisozyga), 407.
solomonensis (Eurystomus), 298, 303. stellatarum (Macroglossum), 117.
solskyi (Ochodaeus), 105. stellifera (Anisozyga), 407.
Solter, 450. Stenodactylus, 76, 77, 78.
.. somalicus (Loemopsylla), 529. stenostona (Baza), 307.
— (Xenopsylla), 529. stenozona (Baza), 307, 308, 483.
sondaicus (Yungipicus), 380. stenura (Gallinago), 332.
sophiae (Amazilia), 250. stephani (Chalcophaps), 480.
— (Saucerottia), 249, 250, 251. Stephanophorus, 104.
— (Trochilus), 249-50. stercorea (Typhaea), 91.
sordida (Eugoa), 221. Sterna, 331.
— (Ptychopoda), 133. sticticus (Scaurus), 99.
sordidior (Eugoa), 222. stictitus (Eretes), 88.
Sorex, 588. stigmali (Maracanda), 457.
soror (Pachycephala), 508. stigmalis (Maracanda), 456, 458.
sparsilis (Syntophoderes), 583. stigmatica (Calophasia), 125,
spatzi (Caccabis), 24, 25, 67, 185. Stigmatops, 369, 381.
— (Pratincola), 57, 180. Stilbum, 600.
— (Saxicola), 57, 180. stillata (Comostolopsis), 440,
speciosa (Anisozyga), 409, Stipa, 34, 145.
— (Ardeola), 333, Stirogaster, 594, 595.
( 652 )
Stizus, 600,
stolida (Grammodes), 129.
stoliger (Cardiophorus), 92.
stonei (Ailuroedus), 526.
stonii (Ailuroedus), 526,
straminea (Imitator), 128.
streperus (Acrocephalus), 22, 50, 176.
Strepsichlora, 432.
Streptopelia, 66, 67, 76, 184, 185, 329, 330, 382.
striata (Butorides), 333.
— (Geopelia), 330.
— (Muscieapa), 22, 24, 25, 49, 175.
— (Timora), 120.
striaticollis (Micipsa), 99.
striativentris (Melanocharis), 511.
striatus (Falcinellus), 475, 522.
— (Oriolus), 526.
— (Searites), 87.
— (Xenocerus), 273.
strictus (Chrysocolaptes), 350.
stridulus (Pirates), 595.
strigata (Asura), 211.
strigatula (Asura), 209.
strigatus (Aplonis), 375, 376.
strigicosta (Prasinocyma), 423.
strigifrons (Laemocoris), 596.
strigillata (Prepiella), 198.
striolata (Emberiza), 24, 41, 170.
strioliger (Surattha), 135.
Strombus, 10.
Struthio, 70, 71.
stuhlmanni (Genetta), 582, 535.
sturmi (Gymnopleurus), 106,
Sturnopastor, 375.
styani (Hypothymis) 295,
— (Siphia), 295.
stygius (Ceratophyllus). 544.
suaveolens (Crocidura), 588.
suavis (Dyspessa), 134, 135.
subalaris (Amblyornis), 525.
subaurantia (Pachyeare), 475, 510.
subcalva (Oxythyrea), 108.
subcristata (Baza), 305, 483.
subcristatus (Lepidogenys), 306.
suberuciata (Asura), 209,
— (Miltochrista), 214.
subcyanea (Poecilodryas), 496.
subfasciata (Eugoa), 221.
subfulvida (Sarcinodes), 393.
subhyalinifascia (Zygaenosia), 205.
subliturata (Anisozyga), 415.
submixta (Gelasma), 419, 420, 422.
subobsoleta (Prasinocyma), 423.
subpurpurea (Leptoctenopsis), 392.
subrosearia (Rhodometra), 132.
subsimplex (Comostolopsis), 440.
subterosus (Philemon), 513, 514,
subtilis (Rabinopteryx), 126.
subuleti (Anthicus), 94, 95.
suffusus (Palaeopsis), 219.
sulcifer (Aulacoderus), 96.
suleifrons (Physopterus), 583.
sulphurea (Hoplia), 107.
sulphureus (Meganthribus), 263, 264.
suluensis (Thriponax), 317, 319.
sumatranus (Mecocerus), 260.
— (Physopterus), 263.
— (Rallus), 303.
sumbavensis (Geoffroyus), 381.
— (Rhipidura), 381.
— (Zosterops), 381.
superaddita (Racheospila), 416.
superba (Columba), 477.
— (Lophorina), 522.
— (Prasinoeyma), 426.
superbus (Melanocorphus), 594.
— (Ptilinopus), 477.
superciliosus (Lanius), 356.
supinus (Convolvulus), 8, 159.
supumata (Gelasma), 418.
Surattha, 135.
surinamensis (Oryzaephilus), 91.
Surniculus, 340, 341.
Sus, 37.
susana (Rana), 84.
suturalis (Xenocerus), 276.
swinhoii (Melittophagus), 338.
syenitica (Oenanthe), 43.
sylvaticus (Apodemus), 590.
— (Camponotus), 600,
Sylvia, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 20-24, 26, 51, 52,
74, 177.
Syma, 488.
symmixta (Hypothymis), 294, 296.
Synchlora, 416.
Syntophoderes, 583.
syntyche (Prasinocyma), 428.
Syria, 137.
syriaca (Albarracina), 119.
syrtalis (Constantia), 139.
Systoechus, 464,
tabarinus (Myrmecaelurus), 449.
tabidus (Cephus), 600.
— (Reduvius), 595.
— (Trachelus), 600.
Tachyglossus, 188, 189, 191.
Tachyoryetes, 529, 536, 542, 544, 548,
Tachyphonus, 236, 237.
Tachyphyle, 427.
Tachys, 87.
taeniaticeps (Athysanus), 466,
taigoor (Turnix), 327,
( 653 )
taivanus (Motacilla), 370. theklae (Galerida), 2, 4, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 171,
Talara, 200, 201. 172.
Talegallus, 476, 477. theophrastus (Teracus), 24, 25.
Tamarix, 156, 158, 596. Thereiceryx, 347, 348.
tamerlana (Colias), 187. thetydaria (Gelasma), 418.
taminata (Anisozyga), 408. Thisoicetrus, 614, 615. :
taprobana (Alcedo), 314. thomensis (Asura), 211.
tarabuli (Gerbillus), 29. threnodes (Cacomantis), 342.
Tarache, 128. threnothorax (Rhipidura), 494.
taractes (Xenopsylla), 144. 3 Thriponax, 316-21, 350.
Tarentola, 78. Thriptera, 100.
Tarucus, 24, 25, 115, 116. Thryothorus, 227-34.
Tasgius, 89. thunbergi (Motacilla), 21, 22, 24, 25, 47, 74, 84.
Tatera, 529, 530. Thymelaea, 156.
Tchitrea, 493. Tiaris, 237.
teinturiei (Hyperaspis), 91. tibialis (Platypterna), 607, 608, 610.
telescophthalmus (Arses), 494. Tiga, 349, 350.
Telophonus, 76. tigrina (Streptopelia), 329, 382.
tenacissima (Stipa), 145. tigrinus (Turtur), 329.
tenebricosa (Tyto), 283. Timeliopsis, 515. .
tenebrosa (Pachycephala), 475, 508. Timora, 120.
tenellata (Tephroclystia), 132, 133. timorensis (Lalage), 357.
tenellus (Anthicus), 95. timorlaoénsis (Baza), 305, 306.
tenggerensis (Crocopsis), 359. Tinea, 10.
— (Pyenonotus), 359, 382. Tineola, 142.
tentelare (Syma), 488. tingitanus (Corvus), 37, 38, 72, 167.
Tentyria, 99. — (Passer), 39, 40, 168, 169.
tenuifolius (Asphodelus), 147. tinnuncula (Cerchneis), 183.
tenuipes (Heterochaeta), 605. Tinnunculus, 17.
tenuis (Oxychora), 432. tinnunculus (Falco), 24, 27, 64.
— (Paraptychodes), 395, 396. tiphia (Aegithina), 358.
teophrastus (Tarucus), 115, 116. Tmethis, 612.
Tephris, 136, 469. Todopsis, 499.
Tephroclystia, 132, 133. toliensis (Xenocerus), 275.
tephrosiaria (Pingasa), 397. Tolyphus, 91.
tephrus (Xenocerus), 272. tomentosus (Atomoscelis), 597.
Teracolus, 24, 113, 149. tornifascia (Tephroclystia), 132.
teret (Lalage); 358. torquatus (Saxicola), 56, 57.
Terpna, 404. torquilla (Jynx), 9, 17, 61.
terrestris (Trugon), 480. torotoro (Syma), 488.
terricola (Scarites), 87. tortilis (Stipa), 34, 145.
terrulenta (Clytie), 128. tortricina (Lycomorphodes), 200.
tertia (Gracupica), 374, 381. tortuosa (Deverra), 157. :
testacea (Analestesa), 90. Totanus, 6, 9, 22, 69, 286, 288, 482.
— (Cistela), 90. tournevillei (Agama), 26.
— (Palaeopsis), 219. tournevillii (Agama), 78.
Testudo, 77. : Trachelus, 600.
testudo (Lophuromys), 532. Traganum, 16, 148.
Tettigonia, 465. tragelaphus (Ovis), 36, 459.
teysmanni (Cinnyris), 309, 310. transeaspica (Buchloé), 113.
thais (Lebia), 88. transfascia (Philinora), 217.
Thalassodes, 419, 421, 422, 424. transfasciata (Bugoa), 221.
Thalera, 435, 436. transversalis (Anthicus), 95.
Thallarcha, 217. traumataria (Onyeodes), 391.
Thalpomena, 611. treitschkei (Scotogramma), 121,
Thamnomys, 529, 537, 554, 558, 568, 574, 581. Treron, 328, 381, 382.
Thamnophilus, 227. Tretopheryx, 140,
triangularis (Eulocastra), 128.
Trichodesma, 160.
Trichoglossus, 335, 381, 484.
Tricholabiodes, 599.
Trichostoma, 352.
tricolor (Rhipidura), 494.
tricolorifrons (Hemistola), 438.
tridens (Asellia), 10, 28.
tridentata (Nitraria), 11, 22, 41, 154.
Triecphora, 466.
Trielis, 599.
trifasciatus (Attagenus), 91.
triflava (Celerena), 394.
trifolii (Seotogramma), 121.
trigonostigma (Dicaeum), 368.
trigrammus (Myrmecaelurus), 447.
Tringa, 6, 9, 22, 69, 331, 332, 482.
Tringoides, 186, 332.
trinotata (Molybdamoeba), 463.
triodontus (Ctenophthalmus), 545, 546, 560,
triplagiata (Illice), 200.
tripuncta (Prasinocyma), 425.
triradiata (Deverra), 157.
Trischaliis, 222.
triseriata (Anisozyga), 406.
tristis (Secaurus), 99. ~
tristissima (Munia), 520.
Trithemis, 468.
triton (Cacatua), 486.
— (Psittacus), 486.
trivialis (Anthus), 14, 20, 46, 173.
trivirgata (Cryptolopha), 354.
trivirgatus (Phylloscopus), 354, 382.
trizonata (Asura), 208.
Trochilus, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252.
trochilus (Phylloscopus), 14, 17, 20, 21, 49, 175.
Troglodytes, 364.
Troides, 278.
Tropinota, 108.
Trugon, 480.
truncata (Zygaenosia), 204.
truquii (Cicindela), 86.
tuberculata (Melania), 18.
tuberculatum (Haplophyllum), 155.
tuberculatus (Physopterus), 263.
tuberculifrons (Ochodaeus), 105.
tunetie (Lepus), 590.
turcomanie (Oxythespis), 605,
Turdinus, 360.
Turdus, 27, 53, 328, 365, 366, 381, 382, 505.
turneri (Aeolochroma), 402.
Turnix, 327.
( 654 )
Typhlopsylla, 562, 577.
typica (Cyanops), 347.
typicus (Eulabes), 377.
Tyranniscus, 242.
Tyrannula, 246.
Tyrannus, 245.
tyrrhenica (Muscicapa), 49, 175.
Tyta, 284.
tytleri (Aplonis), 377.
— (Hypothymis), 297.
Tyto, 3, 61, 280, 284.
ulceratalis (Cornifrons), 141.
ulmivora (Northia), 442,
Ulotricha, 139.
ultramarinus (Parus), 27, 47.
umbratica (Cucullia), 122.
umbratile (Trichostoma), 352.
umbratilis (Rhinomyias), 351, 352, 381.
umbrinus (Corvus), 11, 24, 25, 37, 167.
— (Oenanthe), 7.
— (Xenocerus), 275.
uncinata (Phonapate), 93.
uncta (Nearcha), 389.
undatus (Ixias), 279.
undulata (Houbara), 68.
undulatum (Heliotropium), 159.
unguiculata (Acridella), 607.
unicolor (Aurigena), 92.
— (Cnipolegus), 240.
unifascia (Asura), 207.
— (Illice), 225.
unifasciata (Defarguesi), 97.
— (Pentaria), 97.
uniformis (Oeneria), 118, 469.
unistriatus (Eremazus), 105.
univittatus (Mus), 565.
Upupa, 9, 14, 25, 61, 181.
urbica (Hirundo), 9, 14, 17, 20, 22, 25, 58, 180.
—(Chelidon), 180.
Uroloncha, 371.
Uromastix, 13, 76, 79, 80.
Urothemis, 468.
ursina (Polyphaga), 603, G04.
Usia, 463.
ussuriaria (Diplodesma), 434.
— (Hemithea), 434.
— (Lodes), 434.
Utetheisa, 24, 133.
Utriculifera, 226.
Turtur, 3, 6, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 76, 184, 185,
$29.
turtur (Streptopelia), 66, 184.
— (Turtur), 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 184,
Typhaea, 91.
vacina (Discestra), 120.
vae (Felovia), 32.
— (Massoutiera), 31.
yagabunda (Prasinoeyma), 426-7,
vagrans (Prasinocyma), 426.
vali (Ctenodactylus), 31, 32.
validus (Centrococcyx), 321.
vandepolli (Pachycephala), 355.
Varanus, 80.
variabilis (Leptaletis), 395.
— (Syria), 137.
— (Xenocerus), 270.
— (Zygaenosia), 205.
varians (Crypsirhina), 378.
variegata (Nudaria), 220.
variegatus (Mecotropis), 265, 266, 267.
— (Nesoleon), 446.
— (Numenius), 331.
variolosopunctatum (Pentodon), 108.
variolosus (Cacomantis), 489.
varius (Gallus), 327.
—(Turdus), 366, 381.
varvasi (Scaurus), 99.
velata (Alloeopage), 405.
— (Helicopage), 406.
velatus (Anthicus), 94.
vellosissima (Zaglossus), 189, 190, 191.
velox (Cuculus), 253, 254.
— (Geococeyx), 253.
velutinus (Surniculus), 340.
”__ (Xenocerus), 271.
venata (Prasinocyma), 425.
veniplaga (Anisozyga), 412.
venosa (Laphigma), 126.
venustula (Racheospila), 417.
vermicularia (Prasinocyma), 420, 421.
vernalis (Loriculus), 336.
vernans (Treron), 382.
vernicoma (Metacineta), 415.
versteri (Pristorhampus), 475, 511.
verticalis (Amizilis), 252.
— (Trochilus), 252.
veruculella (Tephris), 136.
Vespertilio, 29.
vespiformis (Metaxanthia), 591.
vestalis (Eublemma), 127.
vestimenti (Pediculus), 25.
vicina (Ptilotis), 519.
victoria (Pingasa), 398.
victoriae (Lepus), 536.
vigetus (Loemopsylla), 529.
villosa (Silene), 149,
violaceogriseus (Odozana), 197.
vipera (Cerastes), 83.
— (Coluber), 83.
virens (Brachynema), 593.
virescens (Colias), 187.
— (Gerusia), 393.
virgatus (Xenocerus), 269,
viridalbata (Rhodesia), 435.
viridaurea (Anisozyga), 406.
( 655 )
viridicoma (Hypodoxa), 401.
viridifimbria (Comibaena), 416.
viridimacula (Gerusia), 393.
viridipectus (Nasiterna), 475, 486.
viridis (Androphilus), 475, 504.
— (Bufo), 84.
— (Centropus), 324.
— (Psilothrix), 90.
virilis (Agylla), 224.
visi (Ptilotis), 516.
vitellinus (Ramphastos), 254.
vittatus (Gecinus), 348.
— (Picus), 348.
Voluccella, 463.
votiva (Prasinocyma), 428.
vulgaris (Chamaeleon), 82.
Vulpes, 36.
Vultur, 62, 170, 183.
wagleri (Aulacorhamphus), 255.
—(Aulacorhynchus), 254, 255.
— (Pteroglossus), 254, 255.
wahnesi (Gerygone), 497.
waigiouensis (Eurystomus), 303.
walambae (Epimys), 572.
wallacei (Aegotheles), 490.
— (Dicrurus), 381.
— (Mecocerus), 258, 260.
wallacii (Todopsis), 499.
warionis (Albarracina), 118, 119.
— (Bombyx), 118.
warscewiczi (Saucerottia), 249, 251.
washingtoni (Passer), 169.
westermanni (Muscicapula), 350, 382.
whitakeri (Crocidura), 588, 589.
— (Lepus), 32, 591.
whiteheadi (Collocalia), 491.
— (Mecotropis), 267, 268.
— (Meganthribus), 265,
— (Pachycephala), 355.
— (Turdus), 382.
whitei (Tyto), 280, 281, 282.
wiedemanni (Blaps), 99.
wiglesworthi (Anthreptes), 369,
wilhelminae (Aprosmictus), 487.
williami (Carpophaga), 328, 381,
winchelli (Pachycephala), 355.
Winthemi, 87.
wollastoni (Ctenocephalus), 528, 531, 532, 533.
Xanthetis, 203.
xanthodryas (Phylloscopus), 353.
xanthogenys (Machaerirhynehus), 498.
Xantholaema, 348.
xanthomelaena (Oenanthe), 54,
( 656 )
Xanthomelas, 524. zenobia (Cinnyris), 309, 310,
Xanthomima, 93. zerda (Fennecus), 29.
Xenocerus, 257, 268-77. Zilla, 151.
Xenochlorodes, 442. Zizera, 20, 116.
Xenopsylla, 143, 144, 529, 530. Zizyphus, 2, 116.
Xerus, 529. zoeae (Carpophaga), 478.
Xiphiopsylla, 538-44. — (Columba), 478.
Xyletinus, 93. zonaria (Agathia), 405.
Xylonites, 93. — (Phalaena), 405.
zonurus (Ptilinopus), 478.
Yungipicus, 380. ep opus tab:
Zophosis, 98.
Zosterops, 354, 366, 367, 381.
Zaglossus, 188-91. Zuleika, 131.
zedlitzi (Erythrospiza), 39. Zygaenosia, 204, 205.
zena (Lophuromys), 537-42, 543, 551, 554, Zygia, 90.
558, 560, 565, 572. Zygophyllum, 154.
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