31. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE. Vol. XXXIV, 1927-28. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE. ?3 S H 3ouvnal of Zooloo^ ?5 CO ^ X /iV CONNECTION WITH THE TRTNG MUSEUM. ■ZL O EDITED BY LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D., Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN. Vol. XXXIV, 1927-28; (WITH ELEVEN PLATES.) Issued at the Zoological Museum, Trinq, nUNTEU By HA/.ELL, WATSON Sc VINEY, Ld., I.ONPON ANP AVLESUUHV, J927-1928 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXIV (1927-28) GENERAL SUBJECTS PAGES 1. A rush tliroiigh Tiuiisia, Algeria, and Marocco ...... 337 — 352 AVES. 1. Types of Birds in tlie Tring Museum. Ernst Habtert .... 1 — 38 2. Supplement to the Avifauna of Yunnan (Novitates Zoologicae, XXXIII, pp. 189—343). Lord Rothschild 39—45 3. On some birds from the Muluya Valley, East Marocco. Ernst Hartert 46 — 49 4. Nomina Mutanda. Albert Collin and Ernst Hartert . . . 50 — 52 5. Some observations on a pair of Sarus Cranes at Tring. Ernst H.^rtert and F. Young 75—76 6. Some Corrections. Ernst Hartert ....... 129 — 131 7. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. C. Additional and overlooked Types. Ernst Hartert 189—230 8. Notes on the Genus Cyornis Blyth. H. C. Robinson and N. B. Kinnear . 231 — 261 9. Die Ergebnisse meiner dritten Reise nach den Balearen. A. v. Jordans . 262 — 336 10. A rush through Tunisia, Algeria, and Marocco and collecting in the Maroccan Atlas, in 1927. (Plates VIII and IX.) Ernst Hartert . . . 337—371 11. Bird Notes. G. M. Mathews 372—373 12. A Correction. Ernst Hartert ........ 395 LEPIDOPTERA. 1. New Geometridae. L. B. Prout ........ 53 — 70 2. Descriptions of some new Hesperiidae from the Australian region in the Tring Museum. W. H. Evans ......... 71 — 74 3. On some Lepidoptera of special interest with remarks on Morphology and Nomenclature. (Plates 1 — III.) Karl Jordan ..... 132 — 146 4. On Plates IV and V, rej^resenting Oriental Epiplemidae. Karl Jordan . 147 — 150 5. On the Latreillei-Group of Eastern Papilios. (Plates VI and VII.) Karl Jordan 159—172 6. Notes on lolaus, Argiolaus and related genera, with descriptions of new species, subspecies and a new genus (Lep. Lycacnidae). (Plates X and XI.) N. D. Riley 374—394 COLEOPTERA PAGES 1. Further records of Anthribiclae from French Iiulo-Cluna, witli tlie addition of the descriptions of two new species from other countries. Kari, JORDAM ............ 77 — 94 2. Anthribidae from t!ie JIalay Peninsida. Kari, Jordan .... 95 — 104 3. New Anthribidae from the Old World. Karl Jord.an .... 105 — 128 i. Some Anthribidae collected by R. E. Turner in South Africa. Karl Jordan 151 — 158 SIPHONAPTERA 1. Siphonaptera collected in the Dolomites. Karl Jordan .... 17.3 — 177 2. Siphonaptera collected during a visit to the Eastern United States of North America in 1927. K.arl Jord.an ....... 178 — 188 INDEX 397—414 PLATES IN VOLUME XXXIV. PLATES I— III. Structure of Lepidoptera. PLATES IV— V. Types of Epiplemidae. PLATE VI. Structure of Papilios. PLATE VII. Papilios. PLATES VIII — IX. Views from the Great Atlas, Marocco, and aspects of the rocks on which Comatibis eremita nests near El-Hajeb, Marocco. PLATES X— XI. lolaus and Argiolaus. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE. :--^\'i^ fv /<^^- .. ,. . ^^\ 2? o: " ~' o H Journal of Zoology. KDITED BY LORD ROTHSCHILD, P.R.S., Ph.D., Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN. Vol. XXXIV. No. 1. Pages 1—52. Issued August 10th, 1927, at the Zuolooical Museum, Tmno. PKINTED BY HAZBLL, WATSON & VINEY, Ld., IXJNDON AND AYLKSBDUY. 1927. Vol. XXXIV. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE IDITEO BT LORD BOTHSCHILS, EBNST HAHTERT. and KARL JORDAH. CONTEXTS OF NO. I. r^an 1. TYPES OF BIRDS IN THE TRING MUSEUM . Ernst llarten 1-38 2. SUPPLEMENT TO THE AVIFAUNA OF YUNNAN (NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, XXXIII, pp. 189-343) Lord Rothschild 39-45 3. ON SOME BIRDS FROM THE MULUYA VALLEY, EAST MAROCCO Ernst llartert 46-49 4. NOMINA MUTANDA Albert CoUin and 60-62 Ernst llartert Si! LU C5 < < O 1 DC CD ? a. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE VoL XXXIV. AUGUST 1927. No. 1. TYPES OF BIRDS IN THE TRING MUSEUM. By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D. B. Types in the General Collection. VIII. Continued from Novitates Zoologicae, vol. xxiii, 1926, p. 357. See also Novitates ZOOLOGICAE, 1918, pp. 4-B3 ; 1919, pp. 124-178 ; 1920, pp. 425-505 ; 1922, pp. 365-412 ; 1924, pp. 112-134 ; 1925, pp. 138-157, 259-276 ; 1926, pp. 344-357. GOLUMBAE. 1539. Treron calva poensis Hart. & Goods. = Treron calva poensis. Treron calva poensis Hartert & Goodson, Nov. Zool, 1918, p. 350 (Island of Fernando Po, 5 examined). Type : Adult (marked 5, but probably ^J), Banterbare, Fernando Po, 12. ii. 1904. E. Seimund coll. 1540. Treron calva ansorgei Hart. & Goods. = Treron calva ansorgei. Treron calva ansorgei Hartert & Goodson, Nov. Zool. 1918, p. 352 (Benguella, Mossamedes). Tyjse : (J ad. Huilla, Mossamedes, 21 .ii. 1906. W. J. Ansorge coll. No. 298 (16 examined). 1541. Treron calva brevicera Hart. & Goods. = Treron calva brevicera. Treron calva brevicera Hartert & Goodson, Nov. Zool. 1918, p. 353 (Kilimanjaro, Escarpment, Atlii River, Kikuyu, Machakos). Type : ^ ad., Moschi, foot of Kilimanjaro, 1.3.iv.l91G. Angus Buchanan coll. t 1542. Vinago waalia cinereiceps Neum.= Vinago waalia. Vinago waalia cinereiceps Neumann, Joiirn.f. Oni. 19(14, p. 341 (" Am mittleren Gclo "). Type: (J Gelo River, not far from Lake Tata, Jamboland, 1 7. v. 1901. Oscar Neumann coll. No. 1216. 1543. Treron curvirostra hainana Hart. & Goods. = Treron curvirosira hainana. Treron curvirosira hainana Hartert & Goodson, Nov. Zool. 1918, p. 356 (Hainan). Type: ^ ad., Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, 5.iv.l903. Katsumata coll., 11 males and 5 females examined. 1544. Osmotreron wallacei paUidior Hart. = Treron pompadora palUdior. Osmolreron wallacei paUidior Hartert, Nov. Zool. iii, p. 178 (189G — Djampea and Kalao). Type : ^ ad., Djampea Island, south of Salcyer and Celebes, December 1895. " Alfred Everett coll. 1 1 2 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1927. 1545. Osmotreron everetti R. = Treron pompadom everetti. Osmolreron everetti Rothschild, Xov. Zool. i, p. 41 (1894 — Sulu Islands, type Bongao). Type : cj ^d- Bongao Island, July 1893. Alfred Everett coll. 1546. Treron pompadora goodsoni sultsji. nov. Easih' separable from T. p. iciiUacei by its paler cok)ratioii on the upperside, and in that respect nearest to T. p. paUidior, from which it differs in having a less high bill, the grey on the head not extended so far back, the throat being 3cllowish, not pale grey, and the underside is more greenish. Type: c? ad., Tomia, Tukang Besi Islands, S.E. of Celebes, 24..\ii. 1901. Heinrich Kiihn coll. No. 4337. " Iris dull yellowish brown or dark burnt sienna red. Feet dark red. Bill pale yeUow, base greenish." Named after Arthur Goodson, who assisted me a good deal m my studies on jjigeons. In my article on the birds of the Tukang Besi Islands in Nov. Zool. 1903, the only information on the bu-ds of that group that I am aware of, I called these pigeons " Treron griseicauda wallacei," but that was not quite correct. This adds another to the specialised forms of the Tukang Besi group ; the others are : Otus vianadensis kalidupae, Tany(jnathus meyalorhynchus viridipennis, Dicaeum kilhni, Cinnyris iiifrenata, Zosterops flavissima, Oriolus chinensis oscillans, and Hypotaenidia lorquata kuehni. As the males of T. p. goodsoni are moulting or worn I cannot give measurements. We had it from Tomia, Kalidupa, Binongka, and Wantjee Islands. [Except by Goodson and myseK very little has so far been done to group the various green pigeons of this group in a natural way. One is tempted to unite the curviroslra and pompadora forms as subspecies of one species, as the character of the obvious bare " cere " between the hard rhamphotheca and the feathering on the forehead is bridged over by forms with a very short " cere " to those with a very long cere ; thus this character might as well be subspecific, but there are vast areas where forms of both groujjs occur together : T. curvi- roslra nipalensis and T. pompadora phayrei in India, etc., T. curviroslra curvi- roslra (or near subspecies), and T. pompadora axillaris hi the PhiUppines. In the various forms of T. pompadora the various colorations of the under tail- coverts, head, and breast are clearly connected and only subspecific characters. The generic separation of Treron and Osmotreron cannot, however, be possibly admitted.] [I now recognise the following forms of Treron pompadora : Treron pompadora pompadora (Gni.) 1789. Ce3ion. Treron pompadora chloroptera Blyth, 1845. Nicobars. Treron pompadora andamanicaHichiaond, 1903. Andamans. (A somewhat poor form ; the supposed smaller size is by no means constant, the colour is not darker, but the green more yellowish, except in one specimen from Port Blaii', also on South Andaman, whence the tyjie came.) Treron pompadora axillaris Bp. 1854. Philippine Island.s. Treron pompadora everetti (R.) 1894. Sulu Islands (Bongao typical locality). Treron pompadora affinis (Jerd.) 1840. Indian Peninsula. (There is no reason to reject the name affinis of 1840, because in 1845 the same author described the male as rnalaharica !) NoviTATES ZooLoaiCAE XXXIV. 1927. 3 Treroii po)iipadora (jriseicaiida Gray (ex Bonaparte), 1856. Java. Treron. pompadora samjirensis Briigg. 1876. Sanghir Islands. Treron pompadora waUacei Salvad. 1893. Celebes. Treron pompadora pallidior Hart. 1896. Djampea and Kalao. Treron pompadora goodsoni Hart. Antea, Tukang Besi Islands. Treron pompadora vordermani Finsch. 1900. Kangean Islands, north of Bali. Treron pompadora teysmuni Schleg. 1879. Sumba Island. Treron pompadora aromatica (Gm.) 1788. Burn. Treron pompadora phayrei (Blyth). Assam to Burma to Tavoy, and Cochin China. Apparently also Treron psittacea (Temm.) from Timor, and Treron forii Wall, from Floras, Solor, Lomblen, and Alor, and according to Schlegel, also Sumbawa, should be regarded as subspecies of pompadora, although they do not have the chestnut purjjle mantle, etc.] 1547. Treron bicincta leggei Hart. = Treron bicincta hggei. Treron bicincta leggei Hartert, Nov. Zool. I'JIO, p. 193 (Ceylon). Type : c? ad., Ceylon, 9.vi.l889. Bruno & H. Geisler coll. No. 7069. (The Ceylon form is distinctly smaller than the one inhabiting the mainland of India, and it must therefore be separated as above. E. C. Stuart Baker, both in his lovely monograph of the Indian Pigeons, 1913, and in his somewhat hastily jDublished Hand-list of the Birds of the Indian Empire, 1923, calls the birds from Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula " Treron hkincta bisincta " (sic), those from Orissa and Bengal to Burma and Hainan " Treron bisincta domvillii." Apart from the repeated erroneous spelling {T. bicincta was correctly spelt with a c by Jerdon, and Swinhoe called the Hainan form domvilii, in honour of Lieutenant Domvile), this is not correct. Ceylon birds are smaller than Jerdon's types, and the latter agree with the birds from Bengal, Assam, etc. Wings of Ceylon males 142-152, once 153, types of Jerdon . ' 'luh. .xxxvi.p. 64(1916 — Amami Oshima, Riii Kiu Islands). Type: $ ad., Amami Oshima, 10.xii.l904, from Alan Owston's Japanese coUectors. 1631. Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei R. = Coenocorypha aucMandica iredalei. Coenncorijphit nurHandira iredalei Rotliscliild, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 63 (1921 — .lack Lees Island). Type : cj Jack Lees Island, Southland, New Zealand, June 1898. Received from H. H. Travers. Five examined. f 1632. Gallinago tristrami R. = Coenocorypha aticklandica aucMandica. Gallinago tristrami Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, iii, p. xii (1893 — " Antipodes Islands "). Type : Adult (probably ?), said to have been caught on the Antipodes Islands, but as the specimen is, as Sharpc remarked already in 1896, the Auckland Is. form, its stated locality cannot be trusted, and it must have come from the Auckland I.^land? ! NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1927. 15 Not one of the 100 skins of the genus Coenocorijphi in the Tring Museum has been jHOf)eil}' labelled on the spot, with precise locality, date, etc., none having been collected by sufficiently skilled scientific collectors. There is thus no authority for the localities, which were apparently put on the luggage labels, attached to the skins, when shipped to Europe. It is regrettable that Mrs. Meinertzhagen, in her up-to-date Review of the Scolopacinae, Ibis, 1926, has jjublished these wrong localities ; she says of C. auckl. aucklandica, that there is one from the Snares in Tring, where huegeli nests, of " C. a. tristrami" meaning the Antipodes form, that there are Snares I. specimens, of huegeli (the Snares subspecies), that there are three from the Auckland Islands ! As the name tristrami cannot be used for the Antipodes I. form, Lord Rothschild has supplied the following note and description : [In 1893 I described a single specimen of a snipe, said to be from the Anti- podes Islands, as Gallinago tristrami. A couple of years after, when Sharpe pointed out to me that it hardly differed from a series of Auckland Is. skins, I agreed that it was not separable. Sharpe then wrote : " I find that the type of O. tristrami is a rufous specimen of the true Auckland Island form, though at first sight it looks very distinct," and "... Mr. Rothschild now agrees with me that G. tristrami cannot be separated specifically from G. aucklandica." Later on, when more than a dozen Antipodes Is. sj^ecimens had been received, it became evidently that nearly all were nevertheless different, and both Mathews & Iredale {Ihis, 1913) and Mrs. Meinertzhagen (Ibis, 1926) have separated them, calling them tristrami, but they overlooked the fact that the type-specimen does not agree with the other Antipodes I. examples. This being the fact, we must conclude that the type of G. tristrami did not come from the Antipodes Islands, though labelled so by a dealer. As thus the real Antipodes snipe has no available name, I propose to call it Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae Rothsch., subsp. nov., in honour of Mi's. Meinertzhagen, as the author of the excellent review of the subfamily Scolopacinae commenced in the Ibis, 1926. C. a. meinertzhagenae differs from C. a. aucklandica in the much darker ujiperside, the centres of the feathers of the back being more extensively and intensively black, and the rufous edges narrower and more orange, less fulvous, and somewhat brighter. Size about the same, but difficult to determine, as hardly any of either form are reliably sexed. Type of C. a. meinertzhagenae 5 ad. Antipodes Island 1898 purchased from H. H. Travers. In 1893-1895 there were in Great Britain hardly any examples of the snipe (" Semi-woodcocks ") of the genus Coenocorypha, and so there was no reason to doubt the labelling of the few we had. Some years later, however, I received from Henry Palmer a large series from the Chatham Islands and from H. H. Travers & Dannefaerd numbers from the Chatham, Auckland, Snares, and Jack Lees Islands, and it is quite clear that a number of examples have been wrongly labelled. It is quite impossible for these birds with their heavy bodies and soft plumaged, rounded wings to fly more than short distances, and if driven out to sea by gales they would inevitably be drowned ; therefore we cannot suppose that these odd birds labelled from different islands to their home can have been strays ; this supposed drowning at sea is doubtless the explanation of the finding of the skuUs of the long-billed aucklandica or huegeli among the aggregations of bird bones on the shores of the Chatham Islands, where now only the very short- billed C. a. pusilla Uves. 16 NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1927. Dr. H. O. Forbes records under the name of chathamica an extinct Pleistocene Coenocorypha from the fossil beds of the Chatham Islands with a biU over 3 inclies long, that is over J- an inch longer than any hving Coenocoryplta known, but among the large mass of bones I have from the shores of those islands are also recent skuUs of an existing form or forms. Rothschild.] 1633. Coenocorypha aucklandica meinertzhagenae R. = Coenocorpha aucklandica meinertzhagenae, Coenocorypha aiwklandica meinertzhagenae Rothschild, anteu, p. Type : ? ad., Antipodes Islands 1898. Purchased from H. H. Travers. 1634. Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei R. = Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei. Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Cliih, xU. p. 63 (1921 — Jack Lees Island, near S. New Zealand). Type : (^ Jack Lees Island, June 1898. H. H. Travers coU. (The genus Coenocorypha is now generally admitted, and, as I said already, Vog. d. pal. Fauna, ii, p. 1655, 1921, one of its characteristics is the peculiar musky smell, which is even noticeable in weU-naphthalined birds kept in the Museum for over 25 years.) ? f 1635. Haematopus reischeki R. = ? Haematopus ostralegus unicolor (var.) or Haematopiis ostralegus finschi (var.). Haematopus reischeki Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, x, p. iv (1899 — Kaiparu, New Zealand). Type : " (J " Kaipara, North New Zealand, June 1885. A. Reischek coll. The greater amount of black on the back and rump, as well as on the breast, may be either (if two species are recognized) an approach to " Haematopus niger unicolor," or a hybrid between H. o. finschi and " H. n. unicolor." It does not only differ from finschi in the greater extent of black, but also in the greater length of the bill, wings, tarsi, and toes. There is a somewhat similar specimen in the British Museum, and in Tring there are two black Oyster-catchers with white feathers, in one all over the head, neck, body, and wing-coverts, in the other on the breast, abdomen, under tail- and under wing-coverts. This opens up the question, if these black " unicolor " are not aberrations or mutants of the white-backed, white-bellied finschi ? Ecologi- cal or biological differences have not been recorded, and Sir Walter BuUer informed us that the black and white forms were not infrequently seen in the same Bock. The eggs of the two forms are jjrobably not distinguishable, though of the Australian black form Campbell says the eggs he saw are darker — they are, however, not larger. In Austraha, too, the black birds are intermingling with the white-beUied ones, and, according to Campbell, " hybrids " are recorded ; Campbell also found the black form more on rocky ground, which, however, might have been accidental. If it is confirmed, that in New Zealand the black and white-beUied Oyster- catchers are only mutants of one and the same subspecies, this is, however, not the fact in all localities, for examjjie, the two forms have different bills in the Falkland Islands ! NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1927. 17 A curious fact is the occurrence of a peculiar subspecies with a naked ring round the eye in North Queensland and N.W.Australia, " H. niger ophtJmlmicus." Mathews correctly kept it separate, though he had only seen two specimens. In Tring he could have seen others from Mackay (Queensland), Broome and Lewis Island (N.W. Australia) ; on the other hand, examples from Point Cloates (Tom Carter coll.) in W. Australia are no longer ophthalmicus ! The white-bellied birds from the same localities do )iol show the character of ophthalmicus ! Mathews' H. iii'jer beriiieri is only the Black Oyster-catcher in strongly worn plumage. 1636. Haematopus ostralegus chathamensis subsp. nov. Tjrpe : Adult, Chatham Islands, 1890, collected by Henry Palmer. Differs from H. ostralegus finschi of New Zealand (both islands) in having a shorter bUl. Bill from end of frontal feathering 64-78, mostly 67-70 mm. In H. o. finschi the bill, measured in the same way, is 82-89, mostly 85-87 mm. Wing as in finschi, not as in longirostris from AustraUa. Habitat ; Chatham Islands, east of New Zealand. It is curious that this locality has, as far as I can see, never been mentioned. Forbes, in his list of the birds of the Chatham Islands, did not mention it as hving there, nor did Buller in his works on New Zealand, nor do Mathews & Iredale in the Ihis, 1913, in the Reference list of the birds of New Zealand make mention of it. Hemy Palmer, however, sent us 8 si^ecimens from the Chatham Islands, and we got 2 from Damiefaerd. Therefore it is necessary to separate this form. We also received from the late Sir Walter Buller a black Oyster-catcher, with a biU only 65 mm. long. The shortest bill of adult unicolor from New Zea- land measures 80 mm. Unfortunately the locaUty is not known, but it might be from the Chatham Islands and in that case the black mutant of H. o. chathamensis (? ?). This short-bUled black specimen has one white feather behind the right eye. 1637. Sterna sumatrana mathewsi Stres. = Sterna sumatrana matheiosi. Sterna sumalrana mathewsi Stresemaiin, Nov. Zool. xxi, p. 60 {1914 — " Aldabra-Iiiseln. Amiranten, Tschagos-Archipel "). Type : ? ad.. He Piquart, Aldabra, 5.x. 1904. P. R. Mortimer coll. This form has a shorter wing and generally a longer bill, and wing-coverts and back are more whitish than typical sumatrana, which extends to the Torres Straits and the smaU islands of Bushy and Sir Charles Hardy, east of the Cajie York Peninsula, Sterna sumatrana kempi Mathews, 1912, being quite typical sumatrana. When fresh (at least in breeding i)lumage), the breast has a dehcate pink or salmon-pink tmge. We received S. s. ■mathewsi from Aldabra from Mortimer and Thibault, altogether eleven skins. 1638. Sterna repressa Hart. = Sterna repressa. Sterna repressa Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxiii, p. 28S (1916 — new name ioi Sterna albiijena, a name which could unfortunately not be used). Type : Adult, Fao, Persian Gulf. Cumming coll. 2 18 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1927. t 1639. Anous hawaiiensis R. = Anoiis minutus melanogenys. [Anoxts melanogenys Gray, Gen. B. iii, p. 661, pi. 182 (1846 — figure of the Hawaiian form).] Anaiis hatcaiiensis Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, i, p. Ivii (1923 — Hawaiian Islamls). Type : , 1870, p. 169 (New Guinea), nee Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept. il, p. 42 (1807). Gerygone neglecta dohertyi Pvothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1903, p. 473 (Kapaur, New Guinea). 62 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1"J27. 21. Mimus plunibeus nom. nov. versus Ilimus lividus (Licht.). Turdtis lividus Lichtenstein, Verz. Douhl. p. .39 (1823), nee Wilson, Am, Orn. ii, p. 90, pi. siv, fig. 3 (1810). Turdm cinereus Voigt, Cuvier's Thierreich, i, p. 483 (1831). nee Gmelin, Syst. Xal. i, 2, p. 810 (1789). 22. Bradomis pallida bowdleri nom. nov. versus B. p. sharpei R. Bradyornis pallidus sharpei Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Cliih, xxxiii, p. 66 (1913 — Abyssinia), ueo Bradyomis sharpei Bocage, Bull. B.O. Club, iii, p. xliii (1894 — Galanga in Angola). 23. Anthus spinoletta reuteri Munst. versus A. s. borealis Hesse. Anthu-s borealis Hesse, Jonru. f. Orn. 1915, p. .'5S6 (Sachalin), neo A. pralensis var. borealis (ex E. v. Horaeyer MS.) Blasius. " Nauraann, Xatiirij. Vog. Mitleleuropis" (sic!) iii, p. 58 (1900 — Anklam in Ponimern). Anthus spinoletta reuteri Munsterhjelra, Xyt. Mag. for Xaturiidensk. 1916, p. 165 (Sachalin). 24. Anthus rufogularis Brehm versus A. cervinus Pall. Anthus rufogularis Brehm, Lehrb. Xat. eur. Vog. ii, p. 963 (1824 — Nubien und Deutschland). Motadlla cervina Pallas. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i, p. 511 (1827). 25. ? Fringilla coelebs beUicosa Floer. versus F. c. iHstis Floer. ? Fringilla coelebs trislis Floericke, Mitt. Osterr. Reichsh.f. Vogelk. u. Vogelschutz, iii, p. 21 (1901 — " im Winter auf der kurischen Nehrung "), nee Fringilla trislis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 181. (1758 — " Habitat in America septentrionali "'). Fringilla coelebs hellicosus Floericke, Mitt. Vogelwelt, xix, p. 105 (1921 — WoUiynien). Fringilla coelebs karelica Rasiinen, Luonnon Ystciva (Naturfreund), xxviii, p. 21 (1924 — Karelisohe Halbinsel). If a north-eastern subspecies of F. coelebs can be distinguished, all three above names may perhaps refer to the same form. The descriptions of " bellicosus" and " tristis," however, do not agree ! 26. Falco peregrinus perconJusus nom. nov. versus Falco peregrinus minor Schleg. Falco minor Sohlegel, Abh. Geb. Zool. of the forewing more strongly toothed at R' and M', that of the hindwing rather more curved from apex to the tooth at R', which is directed less distad, more towards the tornus ; mid- termmal suffusion of both wings cinnamon, not grey ; the white cell-mark of the forewing an obtuse V or circumflex accent, that of the hindwing very small, drop-shaped, almost punctiform. Peru : Huancabamba, Juiun, 3,000 ft., February 1905 (Boettger), type (J ; Chanchamayo (Schimcke), 2 ^J^J ; Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 6,000 ft., November 1902 (Ockenden), 1 cj ; all in coll. Tring. Mus. 29. Pero steinbachi sp.n. (J, 35 mm. Similar to vetustaria Walk. (1866), from the West Lidies. Antennal pectinations slightly shorter. Forewing with the teeth of the termen still slighter, little noticeable, a black dot present though very small, postmedian line straight from costa to R', the mvvard curve between this and the lobe at fold 66 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXIV. 192S. thus reduced in length, and depth, the dots close to ternien obsolete ; coloration variable as in vetustaria, in the type huffy brown with a sufiEusion of oUve, in the paratype nearly cinnamon in proximal and median areas. Hindiring with the postmedian line straighter and less oblique (more proximal at costa) than in velastaria, the dots close to termen obsolete, excepting the last one or two. Underside much more weakly marked than in vetustaria, the dots close to termen wanting, the wliite postmedian Ihie not or scarcely dark-edged proximaUy, the cell-mark of the huadwing vestigial. $, 37-40 mm. With the usual sexual distinctions of the group, the distal margins being highly dentate (much as ia astapa Druce $), the coloration richer or warmer, though equally variable. Hindwing beneath with the cell-mark shghtly less obsolete than in the (J. E. Bolivia: Buenavista, July-October 1906 (J. Steinbach), 2 (J^J, 3 $$, in coll. Tring Mus. 30. Pero isotenes sp.n. (J, 42 mm. l^ea.T xylinaria Guen. (Oberth., Et. Lep. vi, fig. 1563). Antennal joints more serrate, with fascicles of short cilia. Forewing with R= more forward (from one-third DC) ; in general slightly paler, in particular without the dark longitudinal streak in front of R' ; antemedian line distinct from all the allies {xylinaria Guen., cydodaria Feld., alhiditata Prout) in that its anterior tooth (in cell) is at least as long as its posterior one, though without the heavy black shading of the latter ; cell-spot white, but much smaller and narrower than in cydodaria and alhiditata, weakly margmed with brown and with a blackish dot at its hinder extremity ; subterminal striae between hindmargin and M' more nearly parallel with termen than in xylinaria, midway between postmedian and termen condensed into a thick dark line or streak. Hindwing with the postmedian line rather proximaUy placed, on the underside with a very pro- nounced indentation between the radials. Colombia : Torne, Cauca Valley, type (J and another in coU. L. B. Prout ; Canon de ToHma, 1 $ (worn) in coll. Tring Mus. Venezuela : 1 (J in coll. Brit. Mus. ; Merida, 2 ^^ (worn) in coll. Tring Mus. This species was unfortunately misidentifled in the British Museum and (consequently) in my collection as cydodaria Feld. and is referred to under that name in Nov. Zool. xxiii. 189, under " Meticulodes " albiditata Prout. Felder's figure is practically unrecognizable and the mistake was only discovered on a study of his rather poor type, likewise from Venezuela. I now beheve that my albiditata is merely a large, broad-winged race of true cydodaria ; the Peruvian forms are rather intermediate between the W. Colombian and Felder's type, though nearer to the former, while i ^^^ and 2 $$ from Baeza, E. Ecuador, recently acquired by Lord Rothschild, seem to forge a further link. Confirmatory material from Venezuela, however, is still wanting. I thmk the generic name Meticulodes Guen., if conserved at all, should be restricted to spongiata Guen. (= triplilunata Prout) and bcatricfiria Oberth. (1883), in which SC- of the forewing arises from the stalk of SC'~^ 31. Pero crepusculascens sp.n. ^, 44-45 mm. Antenna, as in the nearly allied mitraria Oberth. (Et. Lep. vi, fig. 1552), with projecting teeth, nearly as long as diameter of shaft. Both NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 67 wings with termen and fringe appreciably more crenulate. Forewing less bright — very little browner than in obfuscaia Warr. (1895) and amniculata Warr. (1907) ; antemedian more strongly projecting in cell, though not quite so acutely angled as in amniculata. Hindwii,g less blackened than in mitraria, the costal and apical regions rather broadly white-mixed. Underside siniilarlj' more pale-irrorated than in mitraria, the forewing more broadly whitish posteriorly, the hindwing with the postmedian line more distally placed, the area outside it less bright brown and with indications of whitish subterminal line, outside which the colour becomes paler. E. Ecuador : Baeza, March 1915, 2 (JcJ in coll. Tring Mus. The type form has apparently slightly less broad forewing than mitraria, but two worn ,^q from Monte Tolima, Colombia, which seem clearly consj)eeific, are at least as ample-winged as Oberthiir's species. From amniculata, wherewith it might easily be confused at first glance, crepusculascens differs in the antenna and in the larger cell-spots, with that of the hindwing conspicuous beneath. 32. Gonodontis justa sp.n. (J, 55 mm. Nearest to bilinearia Swinh. (1889). Antenna rather slenderer, with the pectinations shorter — little over 1 in justa, about 2 in biiineMria. Forewing with the tooth at end of R' stronger, the excavation behind it deeper, approaching the shape of similaria Moore ; rather bright cinnamon-buff, the grey irroration being quite weak ; discal ocellus rather more elongate (trans- versely) than in bilinearia, with its darli proximal edging twice as broad as its distal ; postmedian line rather straighter and not nearer to the termen at costa than at hindmargin. Hindwing with the discal ocellus rather larger than in hilinearia, but less black. Khasis, November 1894, 2 ^^ in coll. Tring Mus. (including the type), 1 (J in coll. L. B. Prout. 33. Gonodontis nubigosa sp.n. (J, 49 mm. Structure and general facies of imitata Warr. (Nov. Zool. iv. 115), the type of Warren's genus Cenoctenncha, only with SC' of forewing arising more proximally and with the terminal teeth considerably stronger, though less extreme than in similaria Moore. Body and wings darker, the forewing, excepting the pale termen, varied with cinnamon and russet, the median area towards postmedian line more snuff-brown ; median area of forewing broad, at costa 13 mm., at hindmargin about 6 ; antemedian sharply angled at both folds, postmedian nearly straight, both with the whitish vein-dots sharp. Hindwing with cell-spot and postmedian stronger than in imitata, the latter beneath not dentate. Szechwan ; Kunkala-Shan, type ^ in coll. Tring Mus. 34. Aspitates gonarcha sp.n. (J, 43-44 mm. Near acuminaria Eversm. Forewing with termen slightlj' more waved, at least anteriorly, between apex and R' appreciably concave, at R' distinctly bent ; antemedian Une not bent at fold, on the other hand slightly ciu'ved or bent at SM- ; postmedian distinct to costa, which it reaches at 5 mm. from apex, slightlj' obhque inward to just behind SC', then suddenly 68 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. excurved, the hinder side of the excurved portion returning more gradually ; the band-like shade outside moderately broad in all the examples, reaching the costa, posteriorly widening from M- to hmdmargin. Hiiidwing with termen anteriorly much more dentate than in acuminaria, the tooth at R' made particu- larly prominent by a noticeable sinus between this and R' ; postmedian straightish, the shading outside it broad, subtriangiUar between costa and M-, with the apex of the triangle at radial fold quite near termen. Underside with the dark cloudmg only strong on forewing jjroximally and in a rather broad subterminal Ijand which narrows and weakens posteriorly. Afghanistan : Prov. Kuliab, 3 o ^ in coll. Tring Mus. 35. Nothofidonia xenoleuca sp.n. (J, 34-38 mm. Near ansorgei Warr. (Nov. Zool. viii. 16), possibly a sub- species. Head and body nearly as in that species. Wings white, only becoming bufi at the extreme base and costal edge of forewing and on the hindwing fringes, which are not chequered with black as in ansorgei. Forewing with the central longitudinal band narrower and more sharply defined, less ragged at its edges and continued to the termen, though sometimes containing a small terminal black spot ; anterior longitudinal band variable, generally broader and shorter than in ansorgei, more sharply defined, generally more distal. Hindwing with the abdominal border more broadh^ blackened or black-irrorated than in ansorgei, the costal border also broadly black or black-irrorated. Abyssinia : Wolisso, between Hauash and Omo, 3-4 June 1925, 10 cJ^J, including the type ; N. bend of Omo, 1 June 1925, 1 (J ; all in coll. Tring Mus., collected by O. Neumann. 36. Myrioblephara finitima sp.n. cj, 24-27 mm. ; $, 27-28 mm. Close to minima Warr. (Nov. Zool. x. 393) but less small (expanse of minima 21-22 mm.). Hindtarsus of ^ less short (2 mm. against 1-5), the tibial hair-pencil perhaps less thick, the abdominal spine shorter. Abdomen with the white basal belt generally more restricted. Forewing with postmedian line less inbent at fold, the narrow shade outside it generally marked with distinct dark dashes on the veins. Hindwing with the median area, instead of being brown as in minima, almost as white as basal, traversed (at least posteriorly) by a somewhat sinuous median line, which is as distinct as the antemedian and nearer to it than to the postmedian ; postmedian less outbent at R'-M' than in minima. Dutch New Guinea : Mount Goliath, 5,000-7,000 ft., January and February 1911 (A. S. Meek), 5 ^^, 4 $?, including the type cJ- British New Gumea : Angabunga River, 1 cJ, 3 ??, misidentified by Warren as confusa Warr. 37. Tephrina benguellae sp.n. (J $, 28-35 mm. Close to pimctilinea Prout {Ann. S. Afr. Mus. xvii. 69, xix. t. xvi. f. 26, Peridda). Antennal pectinations of (J slightly less short and thick (about 2). Wings not noticeably tinged with ochreous on the veins or about the lines ; median line strong throughout, often thickened, on hindwing always proximal to the cell ; postmedian line strong, thickened (or, in the less strongly-marked specimens, marked with two large dots) at R'-M' ; distal area NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXTV. 1928. 69 wholly or largely dark-shaded, bearing a double or confluent dark mark between R' and M' near the postmedian and a fainter one between M- and SM=, at least on forewing. Underside likewise more sharply marked, the antemedian line of the forewing generally distinct, the distal dark shade very strong, on forewing reaching termen in anterior half or nearly throughout, a pale spot, however, always developed or indicated between R" and M^ Benguella : Talala, 1 December 1905, type and two other cJ(J ; Batt, 29 November 1905, 6 ^^, 1 $; Fort Quilenges, 7 January 1905, 1 ?; all in coll. Tring Mus., collected by Dr. Ansorge. As Perideln only differs constantly from Tephrina in the (often only very slightly) irregular termen of the liindwing, I have sunk it to Guenee's genus (cf. Nov. ZooL. xxxiii.. 186-7). The present species, crassata Warr. (1897) and puiiclilinea Prout, form a very natural group and are perhaps subspecies of a single unit, in spite of the (very slightly) shorter pectinations of punctilinea. All have the face slightly protuberant, somewhat chitinised above and a very small, easily abraded, projecting cone of scales below (lost in the originals), transitional towards Hyostomodes Warr. T. crassata is rather large, long-winged and dusky brown, the forewing with a rather distinct white subapical dot, and is the only form knowii from N.E. Rhodesia ; punctilinea, from Bechuanaland and S.W. Africa, is the palest and most uniformly small, with punctiform post- median line, median of hindwing crossing the cell-dot, etc. Except in a few specimens of punctilinea, SC'"- of the forewing is free in all the material yet known. 38. Tolmera eulminata sp.n. (J, 51-52 mm. Larger than albibasis Warr. (1903). Forewing with the pure white basal spot reduced to a few inconspicuous whitish scales ; lines less mixed with brown ; antemedian almost straight from costa to SM^ here dentate outward, thence oblique inward to hindmargin ; a conspicuous black sjiot between this and fovea, some black dashes at costa and a slight black admixture behind SMS the basal area otherwise clear ; proximal subterminal shades broad, especi- ally between M' and SM= ; apical patch more conspicuously pale than in albibasis. Hindwing and underside rather darker than in albibasis, the forewing beneath rather uniformly so, almost obliterating the markings and bringing into strong relief the pale apical patch. Dutch New Guinea : Mount Goliath, 5,000-7,000 ft., January (type) and February (paratype) 1911 (A. S. Meek), both in coll. Tring Mus. 39. Zamarada euerces sp.n. S ?, 29-34 mm. Near phrontisaria Swinh. (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 517), especially in the distal borders. Forewing slightly shorter (termen less oblique anteriorly) ; translucent green instead of bronzy ; ' transverse pinkish-grey strigulation rather well developed ; cell-spot larger, in both species a rhombus, in phrontisaria slightly, in euerces broadly pale within ; distal area scarcely so white proximally, the angular dark markings (" sinuous thin band " of Swinhoe) more proximally placed. Hindwing with cell-mark rather larger and darker ' Swinhoe has omitted to mention the colour, whicli is a very cliaracteristic feature of his species ; it varies according to the incidence of the light, so that it may appear more ochreous or pink, but never green. 6 70 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. than in phrontisaria ; angular markings of distal area narrowed or obsolete outside the broad central bay of the ground-colour. Sierra Leone, tj'pe ^ in coU. Tring Mus. Ivory Coast ; BingerviUe (G. Melon), a $ m the same coUection. Cameroons, interior : Satschi, 21-25 May 1909 (Riggenbach) in coll. Zool. Mus. Berlin. S. Cameroons : Epulan, 30 March 1926 (G. Schwab), a (^ m coll. Joicey. Z. euerces phygas subsp.n. ?, 29-30 mm. Cell-mark of forewing less large (about as in phrontisaria) ; borders on an average narrower. Tanganyika Territory : Mikindani (Reimer), type in coU. Zool. Mus. Berlin ; Tendaguru, Lindi dist. (Janisch), paratype in coU. Joicey. 40. Zamarada acrochra sp.n. cJ $, 31-35 mm. Head, antennal shaft, and costal margin of forewing bright orange (capucine yellow), dark-spotted. Collar nearly as bright. Antenna in (J pectinate to fully three-fifths, the branches long. Hindtibia of ^ rather strongly dilated, with hair-pencil. Thorax and abdomen above of the usual pale violet-plumbeous, the abdomen more mixed with light browiaish vinaceous and with small yellow crests. Forewing pale translucent green, with the strigulation moderate ; extreme base concolorous with thorax ; cell-mark narrow, elongate, generally weak, never intense ; postmedian black line somewhat crenulate, from costa at beyond two-thirds in (J, about two-thirds in $, to hindmargin at about the same, the bay between R' and M- moderate or rather shallow (generally well under one-half breadth of distal area), its proximal angle at R' rather rounded off, that at M= squarer, its distal end rarely indented on M^ ; distal area vinaceous brown or somewhat lighter and more reddish ; the subterminal triangles darker brown, acute except opposite the bay, the dentate subterminal line pale buff ; fringe chequered, orange-bro\vn and blackish. Hindwing with cell-mark still weaker or obsolete ; distal markings as on forewing, or with the bay deeper. Forewing beneath with costal margin duller, cell-mark rather stronger, border very dark proximaUy (blackish bone-brown), fading off towards fawn- colour distaUy, with the apex conspicuously paler, recalling that of exxavata B.-Bak. Border of hindwing similarly coloured, without broadened pale apex. Senegal : Sedhiou (H. Castell), 2 cJcJ- 3 ?? in coll. Tring Mus., the type c? dated 17-25 July 1917. Also from Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroons. and Congo. NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXIV. 1928. 71 DESCEIPTIONS OF SOME NEW HESPEEIIDAE FROM THE AUSTRALIAN REGION IN THE TRING MUSEUM By colonel W. H. EVANS, C.I.E., D.S.O., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 1. Hasora buina n.sij. Male — ^Above velvet black, bases clothed with grey-green hairs : head and thorax clothed pale blue-green hairs : abdomen black. No secondary sexual characters. Wings rounded. Cilia dark brown. Below dark chocolate with a purple flush : outer fifth of forewing and third of hindwing paler. Thorax and palpi clothed blue-grey hairs : abdomen with grey hairs. Forewing dorsum below vein 1 yellow and a small diffuse yellow patch in the centre of the outer third of the cell. On the hindwing there is a narrow yellow streak below and along vein 1 from the base to rather beyond the middle of the wing : a sharply defined small double yellow spot in the centre of the outer third of cell 1 and a similar single spot just before the end of the cell. Expanse (2 x distance from centre of thorax to apex of forewing) 54 mm. Female similar to the male ; generally paler and rather larger. Described from 2 males and 1 female obtained by A. S. Meek in January 1908 at " Buin, Bougainville, Solomon Islands." The nearest ally is H. unihrina Mab. (= nahroa Swinh.) from the Celebes, which it resembles on the upperside, in size and wing contour, but the underside of buina is very distinct and quite diff^erent from any other Hasora. There is a female of umbrina in the R. Oberthiir collection at Remies : the forewing bears large pale yellow hyaline spots as in anura Den. 2. Hasora lavella n.sp. Male — Above dark chocolate brown, paler basally. Head clothed dark olive green hairs : thorax of same colouring as base of wings. No secondary sexual characters. Wings jjroduced as in most Hasora, viz. ahxis. Cilia dark brown. Below chocolate brown with a purple gloss. Clothing of palpi with the long scales yellow, the sides and short scales brown. Thorax brown : abdomen alternately brown and pale yellow. Forewing tornally yellow-brown : costa to just beyond end cell dark olive green : a narrow crescent (convex to apex) of bluish white scales, sharply defined, midway between the end of the cell and the apex, extending from vein 4 to vein 9. Hindwing crossed by a straight broad (4 mm.), pure white, sharply defined, discal band from the costa (where it is narrowed considerably) well before the apex, across the end of the cell (not entering the cell) to vein 1a well before the tornus, whence it curves to meet the dorsum at the end of vein 1b, narrowing and becoming bluish : the basal area up to the discal band is dark, non-iridescent green, of a rather unusual shade. Expanse 60 mm. Female as male : generally paler and rather larger. Described from .3 males from Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, and 1 female from Florida Island, obtained by A. S. Meek in March 1908. 72 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAIS XXXIV. 1928. The nearest allies are proxissima Ehv. & Edw. from the Philippines, Siani, and Borneo, and latifascia Joic. and Talb. from New CJuinea, but the peculiarly coloured underside and the apical band on the forewing below readily distinguish lavdla. 3. Notocrypta caerulea n.sp. Male — Above black with a deep but brilliant steely blue glaze. Head and thorax white spotted. Forewing crossed by a compact broad hj'aline band as in the majority of Notocrypta, but instead of being white the band is pale shining blue : it extends from vein 1, through spaces 1, 2, base of 3, end of cell to the subcostal vein and there is a narrow white dash on the costa above the band : there is a small white dot on the disc in space 4, another in 7, and another in 8. Hindwing unmarked. Wings rounded, but the apex of the hindwing is somewhat produced and the termen is convex between veins 1b and 3. The cilia of the hind- wing are narrowly white from the tornus to vein 6 and at the end of the dorsum, darkened at the end of each vein. Below generally paler and considerably so at the apex of the forewing and on the outer third of the hindwing and along the dorsum : on the pale areas of both wings the veins are overlaid with sparse white scales. Markings of forewing and cUia of hindwing as above, but the streak on the costa of the forewing is broader. Palpi white spotted and broadly white at the sides. Expanse 52 mm. Female as male. Described from 3 males and 2 females in the Tring Museum and a pair in the British Museum obtained by A. S. Meek between November 1905 and February 1905 at "Angabunga River, affluent of the St. Joseph River, British New Guinea, above 6,000 feet " (locality of type) and " Biagi, Mambare River, British New Guinea," obtained in April 1906. N. caerulea generally resembles the ordinary species of Notocrypta, but is readily distinguished by the blue glaze, the white spotted head, and the striping below. The antennae are as in Notocrypta, there being a few white scales below the club. The palpi are more pronounced and the third joint is more porrect, rather as in Udaspes. 4. Plastingia rothschildi n.sp. Male — Above black with a deep blue glaze. Forewing with the base below the subcostal vein broadly bright iridescent blue, extending to the middle of the wing. Hindwing with the basal third below the cell iridescent blue, clothed with bluish white hairs. Head and thorax prominently white spotted : upper part of abdomen clothed bluish white hairs. Secondary sexual characters as follows : dorsum of forewing strongly bowed : on the hindwing a large suboval patch of specialized yellow scales lying behind the origin of vein 7 and extending from mid cell to vein 8, overlying which area there is an erectile tuft of long yellow hairs springing from near the base of the cell. Below black with a dark purple glaze and a very characteristic wing pattern. Palpi bright orange, also the centre of the abdomen : thorax white spotted. Forewing with a short orange streak at the base of the costa : a patch of pale bluish green scales near the end of the cell, continued somewhat obscurely as a streak towards the base of the cell : a rather broad crescentic (convex to apex) NOTTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. 73 band of similar scales from vein 2 near the termen to vein 9 just beyond the end of the cell : dorsum below vein 2 for a distance of two-thirds from the base denuded of scales (a secondary sexual character) leaving only a large dark central suboval patch of the ground colour. Hindwing with a short broad orange streak at the base of the costa : a very large sharply defined pale bluish white apical oval area extending from just beyond the yellow basal streak very nearly to the apex and from the lower edge of the cell very nearly to the costa : a pale bluish green submarginal band, widening dorsally, from vein 4 to the dorsum : centrally between this band and the base there is a pale bluish white spot on the dorsum. Expanse 44 mm. Apex of forewing produced, hindwing rounded. Antennae as in Plastingia generally, but the apiculus is longer than usual and tends to twist round the shaft. Palpi with the third joint prominent, stout and porrect. Female as male : with rounder wings and no secondary sexual characters. Described from 2 males and a female obtained at Milne Bay, British New Gumea, in February 1899 by A. S. Meek. This beautiful little species on the upperside generally resembles P. extrusus Hew., of which there are several specimens at Tring and in the British Museum. The underside of P. rothschildi is very remarkable and the secondary sexual characters are unique as far as the genus Plastingia is concerned. P. extrusus is a very variable species in respect of the hyale spotting on the forewing and the pale markings on the hmdwing below : it was redescribed by Joicey and Talbot as " Mimene hasalis " in A.M.N. H. 1916 and 1917. 5. Plastingia papua n.sp. Male — Above dark brown with a strong purple gloss. Base of hindwing and body sparsely clothed golden yellow hairs and some similar hairs on the palpi. Forewing with a golden yellow band composed of four conjoined spots, arranged thus : across space 1 from mid vein 1 to base vein 2, in space 2 very nearly to the base, at the extreme base of space 3 and in the lower part of the cell behind the origin of vein 3 : some obscure yellow scales towards the apex in spaces 6 and 7. Hindwmg with the basal half of the costa yellow : a large circular golden yellow discal spot in spaces 4-5 and a smaller similar spot further from the margin in space 1b. Cilia dark brown. No secondary sexual characters. Below — Forewing brown with a deep purple gloss : a yellow costal streak extending half-way along the costa from the base : a discal yellow band as above and a yellow patch in spaces 6 to 8, also some scattered yellow scales towards the termen in spaces 3, 4, and 5. Hindwing brilliant shining purple : a large suboval yellow area at the base of the costa, extending to half-way along the costa and just reaching the cell : golden yellow discal spots as above : small submarginal yellow spots from space 1a to 6 and a dash of yellow towards the base in space 1 . Palpi and legs golden yellow : abdomen narrowly banded dull yellow. Expanse 36 mm. The antennae are plain dark brown with a long apiculus as in all Plastingia. The third joint of the palpi is short, stout, and porrect : the palpi are very variable in this genus. The venation of the hindwing is some- what aberrant in that the cell is very long, more than three-quarters the width of the wing. Forewing somewhat produced : hindwing rounded. Described from 2 males from New Guinea. The type is marked " Hydro- grapher Mts., British N.G., 2,500 feet, Eichhorn Bros., February 1918." The markings of the forewing resemble P. telesinus Mab., from the Philippines, 74 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. but the large spots on the hmdwing and the brilliant purple and gold underside distinguish P. papiin from any other species. 6. Pirdana cyanea, n.sp. Male — Above dark brown, basally clothed with dark orange brown hairs. On the forewing there is a narrow, irregular, and interrupted dark brown brand from two-thirds along vein 1 to vein 4 and just beyond the cell. Cilia dark brown. Below dark brown with a strong purple gloss. Forewing apex paler. Hind- wing crossed by a broad (4 mm.) dull yellow band from the costa behind the apex to vein 1b : a diffuse and rather obscure j^atch of scattered pale bluish scales along the tornus in 1b. Palpi with white scales freely intermixed with the ordinary brown scales and broadly white at the sides. Thorax and abdomen with some white scaling : abdomen orange at the sides for a distance of two-thirds along from the thorax (a very unusual feature). Expanse 48 mm. Wings produced and of the usual Pirdana shape, e.g. hyela. Antennae plain and as in Pirdana. Palpi with the third joint stout, rather short and erect. Female above generally as the male, but without the brand, paler, slightly larger and wings more rounded. Below the glaze is dark indigo and on the hind- wing the band is paler, wider (6 mm.), extending full width to the dorsum turning pale bluish white beyond vein iB. Forewing with a rather broad bluish white discal band from vein 1 to vein 4 in continuation of the hindwing band : a similar irregular patch in the centre of the cell above the origin of vein 3, also a few similar scales beyond the upper apex of the cell. The type-specimen is marked " Kapaur, low country, February 1897, W. Doherty." There are 3 more pairs from New Guinea at Tring and a few specimens in the British Museum. P. cyanea generally resembles P. tiacellia Hew. from Aru and New Guinea, and has doubtless been confused with that rare species, of which there are a few specimens of both sexes at Tring and a pair (including the type) at the British Museum. P. tiacellia differs in having no brand, a yellow costa to the hindwing above, orange palpi below, while the band on the hindwing below turns orange at the upper end. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 75 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON A PAIR OF SARUS CRANES AT TRING By ERNST HARTERT AND FREDERICK YOUNG LORD ROTHSCHILD is keeping a pair of Sams Cranes, Grus antigone antigone, in a paddock opposite tlie Museum. Tiie female is about twelve years old, whUe the male was only received in 1924, being a juvenile bird, probably not two years old. As is well known, all Cranes are very interesting and gentle birds in captivity, and we always enjoy to observe them. Blauuw noticed in Grus japonensis, St. Quintin in several other species of Cranes, that moult did not take place every year, and it is obvious that our Grus antigone do not moult every year, but only every second and apparently even sometimes every third year, though they seem oftener to renew the down covering part of their body under the feathers. Our cranes are rather noisy birds, uttering, chiefly in the pairing season or when otherwise excited, their loud trumpet calls. These calls are not so deep as those of Grus grus, but higher, shriller. As a rule the male begins with a loud kruiii ; immediately the female answers with a stUl shriller, more prolonged, drawn-out, and somewhat rolling shriek ; when uttering these trumpet blasts they usually face each other, and sometimes bow to each other. They are chiefly fed on dog biscuits and get from time to time some meat and vegetables ; they also catch insects, worms, etc., in their paddock. If they are given dead birds (mostly sparrows), rats or mice, in nine times out of ten they wash' them in water, especially when bigger, while sparrows and mice are often swallowed at once entire. Rats and moles they crush and shake until the skin comes off, or at least most of it ; of birds they tear and shake tails and wings off. Very amusing are their dances. They are rightly called dances. The birds run round the paddock, then strut about with stiff legs, bow to each other, hop into the air, tear out pieces of turf, throw them into the air, and sometimes catch them up again, and this performance is often accompanied by trumpet blasts. In 102.5 they began to pair. A nest was commenced on July 17, and the first egg laid July 20, a second on the 22. The female then began to incubate at once. The eggs were taken away on September 8 ; they had been unfertile. Another nest was built from September 22, and finished the next day. The nests consisted of dry grass, dr\- nettle stalks, and small pieces of wood. On September 2.3 the first egg was laid, the second on the 27th. Again the eggs were not fertile. The male has never been sitting and the female, who seems alone to incubate, is a somewhat poor sitter, often leaving the eggs for short periods. In 1926 a nest was hurriedly constructed on June 28, and an egg laid ; the second the 30th, between eight and nine m the morning. Again the female incubated alone, and the eggs, after being incubated for forty-seven days, were taken up and found to be infertile. ' Tliis "washing" is done quite deliberately, and sometimes also pieces of liver or meat are washed ; it is of course impossible to say whether this is actually done in order to clean the food, or to wet it for the purpose of swallowing it more easily. 76 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXTV. 1928. On August 29 and 30 two eggs were laid again, in a very small and carelessly constructed nest, and the female sat more irregularly and badly than before. Eggs not fertile. In 1927, on July 8, an egg was laid on the bare ground and immediately broken and eaten by the male. A slight nest was made on the following day, and an egg laid on the 10th, a third on July 13. The female made no attempt to sit, but broke and ate both eggs. Further eggs were laid, either on the bare ground or in an apology for a nest, some outside in the paddock, some in the sleepmg shelter, but all were eaten by the female, unless at once taken away. On the day of writing, August 22, an eighth egg was laid in the sleeping- house and not eaten by the birds. The eggs differ widely from the brown eggs of European and most other Cranes, in being white, more or less glossy, with rugous or yellowish brown, and some deeper-lying mauve or dull violet spots, mostly small and often sparse. Against the light the shell looks green. The eggs laid in Tring, as far as they could be saved, measure : 108 x 66, 107 x 67, 106 x 66, 105 x 66, 104 x 65-5. 103-5 X 63-5, 102-5 X 61, 99-5 x 62-5, and 99 x 66-5 mm. These eggs closely resemble those of the Australian Crane Grus rubicunda, but the latter are less elongated, thicker and rounder. After writing this a ninth egg was laid on August 24 in the sleeping-house. The birds did not attempt to break these eggs and two days later the female began to incubate and set well, but the eggs were unfertile ; the male never assisted and showed no desire to do so. NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 77 FURTHEE RECOEDS OF ANTHEIBIDAE FEOM FEENCH INDO- CHINA, WITH THE ADDITION OF THE DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM OTHER COUNTRIES By dr. KARL JORDAN 'T'HE list of Anthribidae from Indochina which I published in Opusc. Inst. ■*• Scienl. Indochina, i, 1923, pp. 3-41, enumerates 86 .species, which were mostly collected by Monsieur R. Vitalis de Salvaza. That paper, the proofs of which unfortunately were not submitted to me for correction, contains many misprints, for which I should like to apologize. Through the kind service of Monsieur J. Clermont, of Paris, who has become the successor of Blonsieur H. Donckier, I have lately received the Anthribidae collected in Tonkin by the R. Pere de Cooman, and additional material collected by Monsieur Jeanvome. Among these specimens I found a surprisingly large number of sjiecies which are either new or not yet recorded from Tonkin ; these form the chief subject of the present article. I am very grateful to Father de Cooman for having devoted some of his time to the procurmg of Antlirihidae and congratulate him on the great success with which his energies in this direction have been crowned. I trust that fiu'ther collections will make the list of Indo- chinese Anthribidae stUl more complete. Besides the species recorded in the present paper, I have about 10 others mostly represented by single specimens not well enough preserved for description ; these must wait tUl further material comes to hand. The 36 species and subspecies marked with an asterisk are new for Indochina. *l. Mecoceras principalis sp. nov. (J$. Prothorace tuberculo lateral! acuto armato valde distuactus. Long. 18 mm., lat. 8-8-5 mm. Tonkin: Chapa, vi.l918 (Jeanvoine), one pair. A robust species. Dark ohve, with definite ochraceous and velvety black markuigs nearly as in M. asmenus Jord. (1913) : anteriorly on each side of frons a velvety black spot bounded on outer side along eye by a narrow irregular line which extends forwards to the apex of the rostrum as a broader stripe ; lower border of eye and an elongate spot behind eye ochraceous ; on each side of disc of pronotum a broadish irregular black stripe from near apex to base, bounded on dorsal side by a thin irregular ochraceous line and on outer side by a short streak from carma to middle, within the black stripe a small ochraceous dot, farther towards side from base to near apex a narrow ochraceous line twice interrupted, above lateral tubercle a spot of the same colour ; alternate inter- spaces of elytra, beginning with the sutural interspace, spotted with black and ochraceous, on subbasal swelling and at sides before and behind middle a larger black spot, subapical dots of interspaces 3 and 9 also somewhat enlarged, in middle of each elytrum a large irregularlj' rounded black spot between second and sixth interspaces ; underside spotted with ochraceous on side, a spot of the same colour on mesosternal intercoxal process, on coxae, and in middle of 78 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. first abdommal sternite, two spots each on femora and tibiae ; upperside of tarsal segment 1, except base and apex, and basal half of 4 greyish ochraceoiis. Eyes farther apart than in iM. allectiis Pasc. (1860) ; at base of proboscis a very narrow median sulcus which extends a httle on to the frons, sides of proboscis smooth in basal half. Antenna of (J a little surpassing the elj-tra, segment 1 not reaching to the eye. Dorsal carina of pronotum interrupted in middle and near side ; the lateral carina ending with a high tubercle, which is somewhat curved backwards in cJ. On miderside of prothorax no tubercle, but in both sexes a sharply marked straight transverse groove. 2. Mecoceras asmenus hedybius subsp. nov. M. a. Jord. (nee id. 1913), in Vitahs, Opusc. Inst. Scient. Indochiiie, Faune Entom. i, p. 8, no. 9 (1923). Differs from the two North Indian examples I have seen in the black discal spots of the pronotum not being boimded by orange on the outer side. Type from Chapa (Jeanvome). 3. Mecoceras callosus Jord. (1904). il/. mamillatus Jord. (err. cal.), I.e. p. 8, no. 10 (1923). In addition to the specimens mentioned. I.e., we now have a small series of both sexes from Tonkin : Hoa Binh and Lactho (de Cooman) ; Than Mei, vi . 1917, and Lang Wak, ix.l917 (Jeanvoine). 4. Physopteras aspersus Jord. (1923). Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), several specimens. The ij is similar to the 9, except that the antenna is a little longer. 5. Acorynus salvazai Jord. (1923). Tonkin : Chapa, v. 1918 (Jeanvoine), 1 ?. Described from a ^. In the ? the frons is not quite so broad as the interspace between the median and next carinae of the rostrum. *C. Acorynus confinis sp. nov. $. Statura .4. .sa/mzoi Jord. (1923); rostri carinae breviores ; segmentum Sum antennae septimo fere aequilongum ; pygidium longitudine multo latins ; tibiae antica et intermedia apice simpUces. Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 1 ^. On the elytra the ochraceons dorsal median spot smaller than in A . salvazai and the black subapical spot connected laterally with the postmedian one ; other- wise the markings and colour almost the same. Frons about half as broad again as the first segment of the antenna ; segment 8 one-third shorter than 7, being a little longer than 10. Dorsal carma of pronotum strongly and evenly concave in middle, much more so than towards the sides. Pygidium nearly one-third broader than long, in A. salvazai a little longer than broad. Apex of fore- and midtibiae neither dUated nor mucronate. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 79 *7. Acorynus anchis expansus subsp. nov. (J. Elytrorum colore ochraceo niulto inagis extenso. Tonldn : Tien Yen, viii.1917 (Jeanvoine), ] (J. Pronotum not depressed before middle. Elytra ochraceous, before apical declivity a black transverse band which is convex in front and concave behind on each elytrum, narrows laterally and does not quite reach the lateral edge ; between this band and the base a number of more or less confluent irregular short black streaks and transverse lines, a spot on shoulder and another on subbasal swelling larger, in centre of ochraceous apical declivity a small black mark on each elytrum. *s. Acorynus brevis Jord. (1911). Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 1 $. Described from a $ from " Malacca." The present specimen differs a little in the markings, particularly in the apex of the elytra being occupied by a white patch which is rounded anteriorly and in front of which there is a transverse curved row of small whitish dots. *9. Acorynus altilis sp. nov. $. Statura .4. hrevis Jord. (1911), sed elytris angustioribus. Niger, tomento luteo-griseo et olivaceo obtectus. Pronotum medio impunctatum. Eljrtra oUvacea, luteo-griseo suffusa, macula nigra dorsali antemediana notata, area apicaU communi antice rotundata luteo-grisea. Long. 5-6 mm. • Tonkin : Lactho (de Cooman), 1 $. Frons and rostrum luteous grey, the former as broad as the interspace between the dorsal carinae of the proboscis ; these carmae short, the central one reaching to middle of rostrum, the lateral dorsal one shghtly curved and extending beyond middle, cariniform edge of antennal groove directed towards side of pronotum, not bemg strongly curved. Antenna blackish throughout, rufescent at the joints, 10 less than one-half longer than broad. Eye very Uttle longer than broad. Pronotum (pubescence not well preserved) with three yellow- ish spots at the base and several others apically and laterally, sides slightly punctate and rugate, the pimctures larger on the prosternum ; dorsal carina almost straight, very feebly angulate in middle, flexed forward at sides in an even curve. Elytra depressed along suture, subbasal swelling distinct, pubescence olive suffused with luteous and variegated with minute, rather diffuse, luteous grey dots, a large spot of this coloiu- behind black shoulder, in front of middle between interspaces 2 and 4 a velvety black spot about as broad as long, behind it the luteous pubescence somewhat condensed, on subbasal swelling and at margin behind shoulder as well as behind middle near margin a black spot, luteous grey anal area well defined, bounded by a diffuse black band, on the slightly elevate interspace 3 a small blackish subapical spot. Pygidium luteous grey. Under- side and legs grey, side of metasternum sparsely punctate, base and apex of tibiae, apex of first tarsal segment and the whole segments 2 to 4 blackish brown. *10. Acorynus coomani sp. nov. ?. Rufo-brunneus, supra luteo-griseo pubescens, subtus griseus. Carinae rostri obsolescentes. Oculi circulares. Pronotum conicum, multo latius quam longius, punctatum, nigro-maeulatum. Elytra brevia fortiter convexa, nigro notata, macula magna lateraU nigra. 80 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. Long. 4 mm., lat. 2-3 mm. Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 1 $. Distantly related to A. aspersus Jord. (1925) from Assam. Proboscis one-fourth longer than apicallj- broad, narrowest in middle, rather strongly widened at apex, flattened, with slight indications of three carinae proxi- mally to middle. Frons about one-fourth the width of the apex of the rostrum ; no groove below eye ; occiput brown. Segments 1 and 2 of antemia pale rufous, the others rufous brown, club short, but longer than in true Tropideres, a little looser, 10 a little longer than broad. Pronotum punctate, three-fourths broader than long, conical, an almost hexagonal difiuse luteous grey central area bounded by blackish diffuse confluent markings which converge towards occiput, a difiuse median stripe more densely pubescent luteous, at each side of this stripe in front of the carina a blackish dot, on the lateral area of the disc a longish spot before the carina and a smaller one farther forward also blackish ; dorsal carma some- what convex from side to side, faintly concave in middle, curved forward at side in a semicircle. On elytra a shoulder-spot, a transverse line on subbasal sweUing, a small angle-shaped spot before apical declivity on interspace 3, a longish sub- apical transverse spot which is dentate and irregular and reaches neither the suture nor the lateral margin, and a very large submedian patch black, this patch broadest at the lateral margin, irregularly rounded above, extending upwards to punctate line 2 and including some minute luteous grey dots towards the side. Pygidium semicircular, slightly brownish in centre. Pro- and metasternum pmictate. Base and apex of tibiae and the entire segments 2 to 4 of tarsi more or less brown. *ll. Acorynus manifestus sp. nov. cj. Brunneo-niger, griseo pubescens, pronoto et elytris olivaceo-brunneis ochraceo guttatis. Rostrum planatum, impressum, utrinque caruiatum. An- temiarum segmenta sum-ipui compressa linearia, 8° albo tribus sequentibus paulo breviore. Pronotum impunctatum, carina in semicirculo antrorsum flexa. Elytra fascia postmediana nigra ad suturam interrupta sat diffusa notata. Tibiae et tarsorum segmentum basale griseum apice extremo nigro, tibia media fortiter mucronata. Long. 7 mm. Tonkin : Hoa BLnh (de Cooman), 1 (J. Antenna reaching beyond middle of elytra, black, 3 to 7 sjDarsely pubescent grey, 8 white, basal segment pyriform, not quite reaching the eye, 2 a little longer than broad, 3 to 11 flattened, with dispersed bans on imderside, 3 one-third longer than 4, 4 to 8 nearly equal in lengths and widths, Imear, 9-11 together about as long as 3, very little broader than 8, 9 triangular, less than twice as long as broad, 10 nearly square, 11 broadest at base, pointed at apex, a little longer than 9. Proboscis greyish white, nearly vertical, somewhat longer than broad, broadest at apex, dorsal surface shallowly depressed, slightly convex between the antennae, on each side of the depression a thin carina which extends from near the eye to above the antennal groove, not quite touching the carinitorm edge of this groove, being here broken and continued to near apex, a thin median carina does not reach the apex of the rostrum, but is continued over the frons on to the occiput ; below eye a thin curved sulcus. Eye almost circular. Frons about one-third as wide as the base of the proboscis between the lateral carinae. Occiput NoviTATES Zoological XXXIV. 1928. 81 olive brown, this colour extending on to frons, eye slightly edged above with ochraceous. Pronotum with indications of shallow punctures, practically im- punctate, without transverse discal groove, a little more than half as broad again as long, three antemedian spots m a transverse row, the middle one of which is elongate, an indistinct spot behind lateral one, a diffuse mark at apex of lateral carina and a spot before scutellum ochraceous. On each elytrum 14 ochraceous spots (the number jirobably variable), all small, 3 of them before and 3 behind the black postmedian band, 3 subbasal, a double one before subbasal swelling, 3 on apical area, and one at side behind posthumeral lateral spot ; the black band reaches neither suture nor margin, about | nnn. broad in thii-d interspace, narrow- ing laterally and becommg still more diffuse than it is dorsally. Pygidium olive-grey, rounded, broader than long. Underside and legs ashy grey ; a dot at apex of metepistemum ochraceous ; a central patch on metasternum, continued on to midcosae, covered mth longish yellowish grey hair ; setiferous haii's on ventral sm-face of foretarsal segment 1 longer than on the other tarsi. In the absence of a $ it is not advisable to erect a new genus for this peculiar species. *12. Litocerus alternans sp. nov. $. Statura L. Tchasiani Jord. (1903), rostro unicarinato et elytris nigro et luteo tessellatis distinctus. Long. 9 mm. Tonkin : Lactho (de Cooman), 1$. Proboscis densely rugate, with a very thin median carina which does not reach apex, no other carinae, no groove below eye. Frons a little broader than the first foretarsal segment. Antenna as long and slender as in L. khasianus, but 9 much longer than 11, which is a little longer than 10. Pronotum with dispersed shallow punctures in posterior half of disc and on sides, dorsal and lateral carinae nearly straight, angle strongly rounded off, a complete broadish median stripe, a small basal lateral spot and another small spot at apex of lateral carina ochraceous, at each side of median stripe a black subapical spot, rest of disc olive, mdistiuctly broken uj) into three spots by blackish interspaces. Elytra oUve, with three rows of ochraceous spots separated by velvety black spots, the latter somewhat longer than the former, four bemg black and five ochraceous in thii-d interspace, at side of first ochraceous spot of foiu'th interspace a black spot m second. Underside pale ochraceous marked with black ; a large submedian ring on tibiae creamy buff, as is also the first tarsal segment with the exception of apex and extreme base. 13. Litocerus sticticus Jord. (1904). L. siricticus ! Jord., in Vitalis, Opusc. i, p. 14, no. 21 (1923). Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 1 $. Described from a (J. The species has a purpUsh sheen in certain asi^ects. 14. Ti'opideres japonicus Roel. (1S79). Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 1 S- This is the second specimen recorded from Indochina. 82 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. *15. Tropideres notabilis sp. nov. $. Statura et colore T. japonico simillimus, antennarum clava laxa longiore atque elytro absque macula griseo-alba disttnguendus. Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 2 $$. Antenna longer than in T. japonicus, segment 8 about three times as long as broad, 10 one-third longer than broad. Eye nearly circular. Pronotum less mieven than in T. japonicus and less coarsely punctate, dorsal carina not curved back in centre. None of the markings of the elytra greyish white, all luteous. 16. Tropideres securus Boh. (1839). Tonkin : Lactho and Hoa Binh (de Cooman), a series. Common and widely distributed in Indo-Malayan countries ; but this is the first record of the species from Tonkin. 17. Tropideres paviei Lesne (1891). Tonkin : Lactho and Hoa Binh (de Cooman), a series. Not recorded from Tonkin before. I now place this species in Tropideres instead of Litocerus. 18. Tropideres calliergus Jord. (1923). Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), a pair. Described from a single $ from Tonkin. In the o the eyes are contiguous and the foretibia bears a postmedian tubercle on the iimer side. *19. Hucus limbatus sp. nov. (J. Niger, supra cervino pubescens, pronoto utrinque bivittato, elytris nigro limbatis dorso transversim nigro notatis, angulo carinae prothoracicalis acuto. Long. 4-5 mm. Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 1 ^. Upperside of rostrum sparsely pubescent, appearing black, sides and cheek white, this area sharply defined, being bounded by the dorso-lateral groove of the proboscis, five carinae, which do not enter upon the dilated apical area, median carina thin, extending on to frons, which is about as broad as the interspace between the median carina and the next. Antenna sparsely pubescent grey, &st and second segments rufous, the others black, 3 one-fourth longer than 4, 4 to 7 nearly equal, 8 a little shorter, 9 to 11 together as long as 3, 9 not quite twice as long as broad, 10 nearly square, 11 conical, a little longer than 9. Pro- notum granulose, each side with two complete narrow black vittae, parallel with lateral margin and placed a short distance from the lateral carina ; dorsal carina somewhat convex. Elytra flattened dorsally, sutural space impressed apicaUy onl}', a lateral black stripe from base to near curve of margin, the wmg-edge itself not covered by this stripe in basal half, two dots side by side on subbasal swelling, an anteriorly convex row of spots in middle, consisting on each elytrum of a large dot at suture and two small ones farther back at side, before apical declivity a row of four small dots (two on each elHrum), and on apical declivity one dot on each elytrum, all black. Pygidium semicircular. Underside whitish grey, femora and tibiae rufous, tips of tibiae and the tarsi black, first segment of midtarsus nearly aU grey, first of foretarsus with small grey spot. NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 83 *20. Cedus diversus Jord. (1911). Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 2 (J (J. New for Indochina. *21. Mecocerina coomani sp. nov. (J$. Color M. rhanis Jord. (1911), pronoto duabus vittis utraque e tribus maculis composita notato, segmento anali ventrali feminae fortiter sinuato. Long. 2-8-7 mm. Tonkui : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), a series. Close to 31. rhanis ; pronotum rather more distinctly punctulate at sides, and the stripes of the elytra a little deeper. The three black spots on each side of the disc of the pronotum often merged together into a broadish stripe. The lateral posthumeral spot of the elytra excised in front, between it and the ante- apical transverse band two or three small spots, the antemedian spot in third interspace very much smaller than the one on subbasal swelling, the latter spot often enlarged sidewards, the contour of the black band more irregular than in J/, rhanis. In $ the pygidium broader than long and the anal sternite excised, this sinus round, the angles of the segment well projecting. Androceras gen. nov. (J$. Generi Mucroniamis Jord. (1894) dicto similis ; rostro utrinque sub oculum sulco brevi instructo, antenna maris compressa, segmento 8° plus minus longitudine clavae, jsronoti margine antico recto, elytrorum basi singulatim rotun- data, pygidio utriusque sexus simplice, abdomme maris haud deplanato. Genotypus : ^4. khasianus Jord. (1903), as Mucronianus. The short longitudinal basal cannula of the pronotum more or less oblique, descendmg posteriorly, forming a more or less acute angle with the small adbasal transverse carmula. The number of species alUed to Mucronianus Jord. (1894) probably is large and wUl, possibly, require the erection of several additional genera. However, it appears to me advisable for the present to place the known species into thi-ee genera : (a) Mucronianus Jord. (1894). Basal margm of elytra straight. ^J- antenna normal, with a club of three segments ; ^J-pygidium produced into a conical projection. (h) Androceras gen. nov. Basal margin of each elytrum rounded, ^- antenna compressed, segment 8 about as long as 9 to 11 together, cJ-pygidium without projection. (c) Nes.siodocus Heller (1925). Basal margin of each elytrum rounded, cj-antenna and jj-pygidium normal. *22. Andi'oceras khasianus Jord. (1903). Tonkin : Hoa Binh (de Cooman), 1 o , 6 $$. New for Indochina. SUghtly variable in pattern. Pronotum punctate. Proboscis with a carma from near inner margin of eye obUquely apicad, this ridge forming the inner boundary of the dorsal groove, the second groove laterally at eye. Antenna of cj much broadened and flattened from third segment, the segments triangular, half as long again as broad, each nearly as long as and broader than 9 to 11 together, 9 a little longer than broad, 10 much broader than long, 11 triangular, pointed. °* Novn-ATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. *23. Androceras lepidus Jord. (loil). Toiikin : Hoa Binh and Lactho (de Cooman), a series. New for Indo- china. Pronotum punctate. Probosci.s with oblique doreo-lateral carina. Antenna of ^ very little flattened, about tlie same in width from the third segment to the apex, segment 8 Unear hke 3 to 7, as long as 9 to 11 together and the same in v^•idth, narrower than in $, 9 somewhat longer than 10, which is a little longer than broad, 11 as long as 9, triangular, pointed. Pygidium almost semicircular m cJ, shorter than in ?. Longitudinal basal carinula of pronotum horizontal, less obhque than in .-l. khasiamis. One of the ^^ only 3 mm. long (from anterior margin of pronotum in a straight line to apex of pygidium). Origmally described from Perak. We have the species also from Sumatra (J. B. Corporaal). *24. Androceras stratus sp. nov. Sungai Renglet, 8 102 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 3,500 ft., iii. 1915 (H.M.P.), 4 $$, some at light : Gunong Padang, 5,500 ft., xii. 1923 (H.M.P.), 1 ?; Lubok Tamang, 3,500 ft., vi. 1923, at light {H.M.P.), 1 3. The species was described from a single (J from Perak, and no further specimens had come to hand until Mr. Pendlebury sent the above series. The pronotum and elytra are uniformly grey {apart from dark spots due to abrasion), but in one $ there is a remnant of the ancestral pattern, the elytra bearing in this example a minute brown postmedian dot on second line of punctures and farther back in sutural interspace a short thin brown line. The head has usually a brown median stripe and varies from yelkn^- to nearly white. The antenna of the $ varies much in colour, the principal varieties being : [a] segments 1 to 8 yellowish grey ; (6) segments 5 and 0 bluish black ; and (c) all segments bluish black. Similar colour-variations occur in other species with hairy $- antennae, for instance X. saperdoides and X. pictus. 45. Stiboderes cavifer Jord. (1925). Selangor : The Gap, 2,700 ft., i.l915, 1 (J. Known to me from Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Luzon, and North Celebes. 46. Stiboderes chevrolati Bits. (1883). Perak : Batang Padang, 1,800 ft., i. 1925 (H.M.P.), 1 ?. 47. Taphrodes marmoratus Roel. (I88O). Pahang : Sungai Renglet, 3,500 ft., iii. 1925 (H.M. P.), 1 $. Peninsular Siam : Nakon Sri Tamarat, Khao Luang, 2,000 ft., iii. iv. 1922 (H.M.P.), 1 ^ at Ught, 1 ?. 48. Xylinades ragosus carbo subsp. nov. cJ$. Capitis carina media angustior. Pahang: Cameron's Highlands, 4,800 ft., x. 1923 (H.M.P.), 2 ^S, type; ibid., i. 1924 (M. R. Henderson), 1 cJ ; Sungai Renglet. 3,500 ft., iii. 1925 at light (H.M.P.), 1 S- Perak : Batang Padang, 1,800 ft., vi. 1923, at light (H.M.P.), 1?. In X. r. rugostis Gylh. (1833), from Java, the median carina of the head is broadish and therefore appears less convex than in X. r. carbo ; it is also longer in the specimens from the Malay Peninsula. 49. Xylinades amensis Jord. (1895). Selangor: Gombak Valley, x.1921 (H.M.P.), 1 (J; and Pahang: Sungai Renglet, 3,500 ft., iii. 1925, at light (H.M.P.), 1 $. 50. Xylinades nodicomis Weber (1801). Perak : Batang Padang, L800 ft., i.l925, at light (H.M.P.), 1 cJ. 51. Dendrotrogus perfolicornis F. (isoi). Pahang: Lubok Tamang, 3,500 ft., vi. 1923 (H.M. P.), 1 $, and Peninsular Siam : Nakon Sri Tamarat, Khao Luang, 2,000 ft., iii. 1922 (H.M.P.), 1 $. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 103 52. DendrotrogTis hypocrita Jekel (185.5). A common species, widely distriljuted. 53. Eucorynus crassicomis F. (1801). Evidently everywhere in Indo -Malajan countries. 54. Rawasia ritsemae Reel. (l88o). Perak : Batang Padang, 1,800 ft., iii.1924 (H.M.P.), 1 cj. 55. Rawasia annulipes Jord. (1895). Perak: as above, v. 1923 (H.M.P.), 1 ^, and Selangor : Gombak Valley, viii.1822 (H.M.P.), 1 $. 56. Rawasia communis robusta subsp. nov. cj. Major, pronoto lateribus minus rotundato, elytris brevioribus, tibiis apice nigris. Long. 12-14 mm., lat. 5-6 mm. Selangor : The Gap, 2,700 ft., i.l915, S^JJ, and Kuala Lumpur, 1 ^. Elytra with black postmedian tuft as in R. c. communis Jord. (1895), from Assam. Prothorax more conical than in the Assamese subsjDecies, the elytra shorter, less cylindrical. Apex of mid- and hindtibiae more extended black (in foretibia the apex black on underside only). 57. Caccorhinus obscmnis Jord. (1904). Lobok Kedondong, N.W. of Mt. Ophir, 200 ft., xi. 1920 (H. C. Abraham), 1 $. 58. Basitropis rotmidata Jord. Tamarat, Khao Luang, 2,000 ft., iii.1922 (H.M.P.), 1 ?. 59. Basitropis platypus Jord. (1903). Selangor ; Gombak Valley, x. Iit21 (H.M.P.), 1 $. Only a few specimens of thi.s broad-footed species are linown to me. 60. Phloeobius altemans Wied. (1819). Perak : Batang Padang, 1,800 ft., v. 1923 (H.M.P.), 1 (J, 1 $ ; same place, vi. 1924, at light (H. R. Henderson), 1 $. • 61. Ozotomerus rugicoUis Jord. (1895). Selangor: Kuala Lumpur, vi.l916, 1 cj. Pahang : Kuala Tahan, xi.l921 (H.M.P.), 1 (J. Peninsular Siam : Nakon Sri Tamarat, Kliao Ram, 750 ft., ii.l922, at light (H.M.P.), 1 $. 62. Apolecta aspericoUis Kir.sch (1875). Pahang (W. H. D. Edwards), 1 ^ ; Pahang : Senyum, Kotu Tongkat, vi.vii.l917, 1 ?. 104 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 192S. 63. Apolecta latipennis Jord. (1916). Pahang: Sungai Renglet, 3800 ft., iii.1925, at light (H.M.P.), 1 (J, and Fraser's Hill, 3500-4500 ft., viii.1923 (H.M.P.), 1 cj- These c?c? are less broad in the elytra than the $ from which the species was described, but agree otherwise very well with it. 64. Apolecta puncticollis Joixi. (1895). Perak (C. Wray), 1 3. Pahang: Kuala Tahan, 300ft., xi.l921 (H.M.P.), !?• 65. Araecerus fasciculatus Deg. (1775). Selangor : Kuala Lumpur, i., iv., vi., x., a series, one (j* at light. 66. Araecerus corporaali Jord. (1924). Selangor : Kuala Lumpur, viii.1922 (H.M.P.). 1 ?. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 105 NEW ANTHRIBIDAE FROM THE OLD WORLD By dr. KARL JORDAN 1. Meganthribus pupa Jord. (1895). T^HE receipt of additional specimens from the Philippines and elsewhere ■'■ enables me to supplement my remarks on this species published in Nov. ZooL. XX, p. 265, no. 6 (191.3). As stated. I.e., the metasternum of M. pupa has no groove at the apex between the midcoxae, i.e. the groove which runs along the anterior margin of the metasternum behind the cavity of the midcoxa is shallow and does not extend across the median process. In M. sulphureus Waterh. (1876), M.harmayuli Lesne (1891), M. childreni Gray (18.32), and allied species, the groove is very deep and is continued across the intercoxal jirocess, whereas M. nubilus Jord. (1898) takes a somewhat intermediate position, the groove of this species being more or less indicated in the centre, not entirely absent in this place. The specimens we now have of M. pupa afford sufficient evidence for the following arrangement of the subspecies : A. Intercoxal process of mesosternura more convex than the anterior median process of the metasternum which meets it, its apex being more ventral than the metasternal process (in the inverted specimen the mesosternal process above the metasternal one) ; on the mesosternal process along its side a groove or depression : a. M. pupa whiteheadi Jord. (1895). Elytra tessellated with black. — Luzon. The pair from North Luzon (type cJ) more whitish grey than our two (J,^ from Mt. Banahao and Imugan, and the dark markings of the underside smaller and less extended black. h. M. pupa bakeri Heller (1925). The dark tessellation of the tipperside much reduced, but on each elytrum a large black postmedian patch nearly as in M. sulphureus Waterh. (1876). Sibuyan. Not known to me. c. M. pupa mindorensis subsp. nov. (J. Narrower than the two previous subspecies ; dorsal depressions of pronotum deeper. General colouring less white than in the typical pair of M. pupa whiteheadi (probably somewhat darkened by discoloration) ; black markings as in M. p. whiteheadi, but the large spots of the elytra rather shorter. Length of elytra 20 mm., breadth 10-5 mm. Mlndoro, 1 (J. B. Intercoxal process of mesosternum flattened, its apex on a level with the metasternal process. 106 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. d. M. pupa pupa Jord. (1898). Meganthribus pupa ab. confluens Heller, ^mY. Mitteil., p. SS, tab. 3, fig. 6, $ (1925) (Mindanao). I have as yet found no geographical difference between the specimens from the localities represented in our series of 9 cJ(J and 6 $$. Phihppines : Panao and Mindanao ; Talaut Is. ; Buru ; Ceram. e. M. pupa papuanus subsp. nov. cJ$. Like M. p. pupa, but the transverse carina of the pronotum less curved and interrupted not only in centre but also before joining the lateral carina. Might be mistaken for Eugigas scJioenJierri Thorns. (1857). One pair from Korrido, Geelvink Bay, New Guinea (0. Beccari). 2. Meganthribus harmandi schanus subsp. nov. ?. Upper surface much more extended black than yellowish grey, imder- side yellowish grey marked with black. The following markings of upperside yellowish grey : an interrupted median stripe on head and pronotum, dilated in middle of disc and agam before carina, the sinus between the two projections rounded, at side of pronotum a narrow stripe from near apical margin to near carina, sinuate on dorsal side, the posterior end of this band curving forward, behind carina a small lateral spot ; on elji;ra a short broadish basal sutural streak posteriorly more or less connected with an antemedian discal patch which is composed of several spots, above shoulder a longish basal spot and behind shoulder a lateral one, in seventh and ninth interspaces a row of spots, behind middle a transverse patch composed of two or three spots, several small spots on apical declivity, and mmute spots at lateral margin ; a streak at each side of pygidium. On underside two lateral spots on metepisternum, two rows on abdomen, and middle of pro- and metasterna behind pro- and midcoxae black, centre of metasternum and of abdominal segments 2 to 4 also black, probably because denuded. Legs more extended black than in M. h. harmandi Lesne (1891). Dawnat Range, Tenasserim, xii.1893, 1 $. 3. Mecotropis whitehead! retipennis subsp. nov. (J?. Elytra densely marmorated with grey from base to apex. Philippines : Musbate (type), Aroroy. The eye sinuate and the median groove of the proboscis continued on to the frons. Black markings of underside somewhat larger than ui M. whiteheadi whiteheadi Jord. (1898). 4. Mecotropis caelestis catoxanthus subsp. nov. Mecotropis caelestis Jord. (nee id. 1898), Nov. Zool. xx. p. 266, no. 60 (1913) (Palawan). cj. Sides of sterna ochraceous instead of bluish grey. Palawan, 2 (J^J. We now have M. c. caelestis Jord. (1898) also from Mindanao. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 107 5. Mecotropis pantherinus philippus subsp. nov. $. Light pubescence ashy grey, slightly bluish ; the black spots of the elytra on the whole somewhat smaller than in specimens from Aru and New Guinea, the largish round spot on the subbasal swelling of M. p. pantherinus Thorns. (1857) replaced in the new subspecies by some smaller irregular spots. Recalls M. caelestis, but the frons has a median carina. Philippines : Aroroy, 2 $$. 6. Xenocerus suturalis tombarus subsp. nov. (J$. The lateral stripe of the pronotum complete, the median one broad and somewhat diffuse ; the basal humeral spot of the elytra larger and con- nected along basal margin with the sutural stripe, which is more strongly widened behind base than in X. s. suturalis Jord. (1904) from Ron and Jobi, Geelvink Bay. Bismarck Archipelago: New Ireland, xi. 1923-iii. 1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), a pair. 7. Xenocerus olivaceus ancorinus subsp. nov. (J$. Like X. olivaceus australicus Jord. (1895), but the transverse band of the elytra not nearly reaching lateral margin, usually attaining 7th or 6th stripe of punctures, the sublateral line of basal half absent, the thin apical sutural line and the transverse subapical dash at the most indicated. Bismarck Archipelago : New Hanover, ii.iii.l897 (Webster), 4 (^(J, 2 $$. 8. Xenoceras olivaceus suadus subsp. nov. (J$. X. olivaceus equestris Pasc. (1860) affinis, vitta elytrorum subhumerali basi breviore, fascia transversa tenuiore. Ron I., type, and Waigeu I., 2 (J, 7 $$. The transverse, oblique, band of the elytra thinner than the sutural vitta ; the dorsal stripe reaching only halfway from base to transverse band, no sublateral and subapical markings. 9. Xenocerus timorensis sp. nov. ^J. X. olivaceo Motsch. (1874) similis, elytrorum virgis griseis latioribus, vitta dorsali basah magis arcuata, antennarum segmento 3'° breviore. Long. 13 mm. Dutch Timor: Gunong Leo, 2,000-4,000 feet, xi.xii (W. Doherty), 1 i'onoti majoribus, carina mediana capitis sub- obsolescente, dente apicali tibiae intermediae sat magno et lato. Northern Nias: HiU Madjedja, x-xii.l895 (Mitschke, Kannegieter), a small series, ex coll. van de Poll. The apical tooth of the midtibia is much larger than in N. sellata sellata Jord. (1895) and very broad. The median carina of the head is present, but is more or less spUt up by longitudinal grooves, bemg fiarticularly low anteriorly on the frons. Dinomelaena gen. nov. (J$. Margines apicalis et lateralis rostri ad angulum apicalem separati ; margo apicalis medio convexus, hand sinuatus. Clava antennae valde com- pressa, segmento 10° latitudine longiore. Carina antebasaHs pronoti ad latus in arcu lato antrorsum flexa, paulo undulata. Genotypus : D. scelesta Pasc. (1860, as Apatenia). Here also belong D. baijanensis Jord. (1897), D. ivimacidata Jord. (1894), and D. tuberculosa 3orA. (1894), all described as Apatenia , Siud D. quadritubercu- lata Montr., described as a Stenocerus. They are all fairly large, short, black species. 114 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXlV. 1928. Pronotum uneven, somewhat constricted before the dorsal carina, so that the lateral carina is curved in S-shape, its apex being curved forward and some- what raised ; longitudinal carinula horizontal, forming with dorsal carina an acute angle. El\'tra tuberculated. Club of antenna as in Apatenia viduala Pasc. (185!)), 11 usually narrower and shorter than 10. The mesosternal intercoxal process truncate, angulate, the midcoxa being indented as in Ajjatenia and allied genera. 20. Dinomelaena remota sp. nov. ^. D. scelestae similis, rostro subtus sine fossa longitudinaU mediana, el}i:roruui tuberculis par vis. Long. 7-9 mm. Solomon Is. : Kulambangra, iii.1901 (A. S. Meek), 1 cj, type ; Florida, i.l901 (A. S. Meek), 1 ^. Whereas in D. quadrituberculatus Montrouz. (1855), from Woodlark, the d'Entrecasteaux, Egum, and Lousiade Is., Trobriand, and the eastern districts of the mainland of New C4uinea, the underside of the proboscis bears only an indication of a median groove, this groove is long and sharply defined in D. impunctata Jord. (1894), D. scelesta Pasc. (1860), and D. batjaneiisis Jord. (1897). In the above specimens from the Solomons the underside of the proboscis is convex between the antennal grooves, flattened anteriorly, where there is a small impression. The carina of the pronotum is more evenly curved at the sides than in the allied species. The subbasal swelling of the elytrum low, hardly tuberculiform, postmedian tubercle not much higher, the raised pustules in interspaces 5 and 7 distinct, on apical declivity one pustule in interspace 5 and, farther forward, two in 7 buff, in front of postmedian tubercle a triangular velvety black sutural spot. Oxyderes gen. nov. (J$. Apateniae affinis, angulis prothorcis atque carmae acutis, singuU elytri basi fortiter rotundato-producta medio baud marginata. Genotypus : O. frenaUis Jord. (1897, as Hypseus). The basal margin of the elytra is distinctly " marginate " in the allied genera, i.e. the channel which rmis from the sides across the shoulder-angle is continued to the scutellum ; in the species I separate here as a new genus the channel is obsolete on the dilated portion of the base. Besides the genotype here belong Hypseus cyrtu-s Jord. (1912), which probably is the same as Stenocerus collaris Gylh. (1833), Apatenia tessellata Kirsch. (1875), Apalenia fastigata Jord. (1924), and the following new species : 21. Oxyderes strigatus sp. nov. cJ$. Carina rostri antice obsoleta, sterna et abdomen luteo-albo vittata. Borneo : Brunei (Waterstradt), 1 (J, type ; Kuching, xii. 1899, 1 $ ; Kobele, ii.l893, 1 $ ; and 1 cj, " Borneo (Wahnes)." Similar to 0. tessellata Kirsch (1875), of which it may be a co-subspecies ; it has like that species a submedian tubercle in front of the hindcoxa. Carina of proboscis obsolete from middle to apex, being broken up into a number of NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 115 wrinkles ; it extends on to frons, but soon disappears as a carina, there being no high carina on posterior portion of frons as there is in O. tesseUata. Marlvings of pronotum variable : they are either similar (type) to those of O. tesseUata or are united into four dorsal vittae. Elytra tessellated (type) as in 0. tesseUata, or the black spots more or less united into stripes. Underside marked with yellowish white : on prosternum a median and a sublateral stripe and a patch below carina, on mesosternum a lateial stripe and the median process, on metanotum a sublateral and a lateral stripe and on abdomen a continuous lateral one. 22. Hypseus fumatus sp. nov. (J$. Niger, macula antescutellari lutea notatus, subtus griseo pubescens. Rostrum longitudine plus duplo latius, apice medio leviter emarginato. Clava antennae laxa. Pronotum inaequale, longitudine triente latius. Elytra basi fortiter producta, a basi ad apicem subgradatim angustiora, nigro-pustulata, gibbositate subbasali pustulis multo latiore altioreque. Long. 5-3 mm. Borneo, 1 cj, type ; " Malaisie," 1 $. Upperside with a short, stiff brown pubescence which is somewhat silky and assumes in certain aspects a greyish tint ; besides the yellow spot in front of the scutellum no conspicuous markings. Proboscis coarsely rugate-punctate, slightly convex from side to side, without carina, somewhat depressed in middle of base, lateral margin rounded, separated from apical margin by a slight incision, middle of apical margin straight, faintly incurved. Head coarsely rugate, frons narrower ((J) or broader (?) than one-third of the rostrum. Segment 3 of the antenna as long as 2, not distinctly longer than 4, 5 to 8 gradually decreasing in length, 8 not quite twice as long as broad, club longer than 3 to 8 together, as strongly compressed as in A'patenia viduata Pasc. (1859), the edges very thin, all three segments longer than broad, of the same lengths, 9 and 10 truncate, recalling the seed-pod of some Crucifer, such as CapseUa. Pronotum a third broader than long, with a shallow depression in middle, two farther forward, connected with median one, and indications of depressions before carina, punctate-rugulate, somewhat gramilate at sides, in a view from front about nine very hazy blackish spots appear ; dorsal carina convex. Elytra one-half longer than broad, broadest at base, hardly at all flattened, alternate interspaces with inconspicuous black jiustules which are very little raised except a median one in third interspace, subbasal callosity broad and very distinct, the elytrum being depressed in front of and behind it, basal margin strongly romided, behind shoulder and at apex an impression close to lateral edge. Pygidium one-third broader than long, evenly rounded. Grey jjubescence of underside rather long and dense. On labiophore a transverse ridge which joins the ends of the longitudinal carinae, forming a posteriorly open square. Tibiae with two grey rings. 23. Hypseus scapularis sp. nov. (J. Niger, parum griseo-brunnescens, elytris nigro tessellatis macula rotunda flava humerali ornatis, pronoto longitudine jjaululo latiore. Long. 6- 7-7 '3 mm. 116 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. Philippines : Leite, 1 cj, type ; Surigao, Mindanao, 1 $. Near H. axillaris Jord. (1895), but the prothorax and elytra longer, the dorsal carma incurved in middle, the subbasal swelling of the elytra very low, etc. Proboscis one-half longer than broad, emarginate in middle, coarsely rugate- punctate, with a median carma in basal half. Frons narrower (cj) or some- what broader ($) than segment of antenna, without carina, coarsely punctate- rugate like occiput. Segment 3 of antenna longer than 2 (which is rufous), 3 to 8 gradually decreasmg in lengths, 8 little longer than broad, triangular in $, club less compressed and less loose than in AiMtenia viduata Pasc. (1859), particularly in $, 9 = 10, 11 ovate, shorter and narrower than 10. Pronotum one-ninth broader than long, depressed in middle from carina to before centre, here the depression dividing, running obliquely forward to behind eye, in the depression a longitudinal low elevation from centre to near carina, puncturation dense and deep, densest and roughest at side, minute on middle apical portion ; dorsal carina distinctly curved back in middle, lateral carina extending beyond middle ; in front of scutellum a narrow ochraceous spot, in oblique aspect nine diffuse black patches become visible, separated by short scanty pubescence. Scutellum slightly ochraceous. Elytra nearly double as long as broad, almost gradually narrowing from shoulders, flattened above, but not impressed, stripes of pmictures distinct, interspaces flat, except apex of ninth, subbasal swelling present, but low, not tufted, suture and alternate interspaces with long and short black spots, yellow shoulder spot circular. Pygidium one-fifth broader than long, rather strongly narrowed apicad, but rounded. Underside grey, the pubescence long on prosternum. Tips of lobes of labiophore rather pointed, not rounded off, along apical margin of labiophore a groove curved like the margin. Forecoxae widely separated, the anterior intercoxal process depressed. Mesosternal intercoxal process twice as broad as the coxa. Anal sternite apically somewhat compressed, the apical margin appearing angulate in anal aspect. 24. Hypseus mollis sp. nov. (J. Rufo-brunneus, griseo pubescens, sericeus. Rostrum longitudine duplo latius, medio carina brevi planata instructum. Frons latitudine dimidii rostri. Pronotum longitudine paululo latius, fere aequaliter sed leviter convexum, coriaceum, utrinque gutta alba notatum, carina dorsah medio levissime angulata utruique paulo convexa. Elji;ra ab callositate subbasali declivia, seriatim punctata, interspatiis planis, macula posthumerali alba, stria dorsali a medio ad apicem declivem ubi trans suturam cum stria alterius elytri unita. Long. 4-3 mm. Borneo : Matang Road, Sarawak, i.1910, 1 ^. Grey pubescence of upperside thin, not concealing the ground. Labiophore with a median carina which reaches to the apical margin, apex of lobes rounded off. Upperside of rostrum rugate-punctate, base somewhat impressed in middle (the impression extending on to frons), and in this depression a flat, glossy, median carina, from margin of eye a cariniform wrinkle extends on to proboscis ; a slight transverse carinula from lateral margin ; apical margin with a very small median sinus. Segment 3 of antenna as long as 2, one-third longer than 4, NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. 117 5 to 8 decreasing, S being less than twice as long as broad, club not very strongly compressed, loose, 9 a little longer than 10 and more evenly narrowed to base, 11 as long as 10, very slightly narrower, elliptical. Pronotuui one-fifth broader than long, not strongly narrowed to apex, slightly but distinctly incurved at sides in posterior third, coriaceous, without distinct puncturation, without distinct impression, the antemedian depression being but vestigial, at apex of lateral carina a white mark projecting from underside, above and somewhat in front of this bar a round dot of the same colour, a very thin median Ime indicated anteriorly and posteriorly ; angle of carina a little smaller than 90°, longitudinal cannula descending. Scutellum greyish white. Elytra depressed above, but not at all impressed along suture, subbasal swelling broad but not high, there being no distinct depression behind it, a linear spot each at base of interspaces 2 and 4, shoulder-angle, lateral margin from behind shoulder to base of abdomen, a line in interspace 3 from before middle to apical delivity black-brown, the line widening to interspaces 4 and 5 before declivity, then curving towards suture where it meets the line of the other elytra, the figure of the letter U being formed ; within this line a minute white median spot, and traces of several others before declivity, behind shoulder-angle a large white spot. Pygidium nearly as long as broad, rounded. Pubescence of underside much longer than on upper ; prosternum and sides of metasternum with dispersed large punctures. Forecoxae well separated ; median process of mesosternum as broad as the coxa, truncate, sides angulate before apex ; abdomen with lateral marginal grey spots. Base and apex of femora and tibiae grey, midfemur almost entii'ely grey. In lateral aspect the specimen decreases rather strongly in thickness towards apex of elytra. 25. Hypseus branneus sp. nov. cj$. Rufo-brunneus, supra griseo marmoratus, pronoto figura centrali transverso-rhombiformi vittaque mediana abbreviata, et elytris singulis macula postmediana magis conspicua notatis. Oculi maris subcontigui. Rostrum latum, breve, apice leviter trisinuatum. Antennarum segmentum 10'"" aut latitudine parum longius (^) aut subquadratum ($). Pronotum punctatum. Elytra cyUndrica, subtessellata. Dens onychiorum posticorum obsolescens ((^). Long. 3-3-6 mm. Singapore (J. C. Saunders), type, 3 (J(;J, 1 $. Sumatra : Siak, Patran Baroe, xii.1919 (J. B. Corporaal), a pair. Perak (W. Doherty), 1 ?. Proboscis twice as broad as long, with a short basal median carina, which is sometimes obsolete, coarsely rugate-punctate, apical margin slightly undulate, almost truncate, the median sinus vestigial ; on underside the labiophore rough along anterior margin, somewhat swollen, smooth and glossy at buccal sinus. Frons as broad as segment 2 of antenna ( ^J) or one-fourth as wide as the rostrum ($), punctate -rugate. Club of antenna rather shorter than usually, 10 shorter than 9 and 11, in $ as long as broad, not triangular, 11 pale at tip. Pronotum conical, transversely convex, without distinct impressions, one-sixth broader than long, punctate, coriaceous, markings luteous grey as on elytra : a broadish median stripe from scutellum to middle, reappearing at apex as a thin line, in centre a transverse rhomboid of thin lines, at apex on each side of middle a 9 llg NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. diffuse triangle the apex of which nearly reaches the lateral angle of the rhomboid, tioni near this point a line which is first oblique and then runs straight to base, another linear spot farther towards side, lateral carina bordered with luteous grey, the lateral markings somewhat variable ; dorsal carina slightly convex, not angulate in middle, lateral carina extending half-way to apex, angle 90°, basal carinula descendmg. Elytra not depressed, cylindrical, subbasal swelling low, the rows of punctures rather deep, interspaces slightly convex, diffusely spotted with luteous grey, alternate interspaces irregularly tessellated with brown, the brown spots larger in third interspace, in this space a largish luteous grey postmedian spot extending on to the neighbouring interspaces, a smaller sublateral spot behind shoulder and one or two lateral ones before apex. Pygidium rounded as usual, a little broader than long, grey in middle. Grey pubescence of underside not dense, somewhat denser on metepimerum, which is brown in middle. Prosternum and sides of metasternum punctate. Median process of mesosternum narrower than coxa, angulate near apex. Knees and tarsi paler rufous than rest of legs. In (J the tooth of the hindtarsal claw vestigial. 26. Hypseus vaiius sp. nov. $. Praecedenti simillimus, rostro basi depresso, fronte capitis triente rostri paulo latiore, clava antennae breviore, segmento 10" transverso. Philippines : Surigao, Mindanao (Bottcher), 1 $. Luteous grey markings of pronotum more numerous at sides, there being a sublateral median sjjot from which extend one line forward and two lines obliquely back- and sidewards, between this sjiot and the central rhomboid a longitudinal stripe which does not reach carina, between it and median stripe an oblique spot at carina, in apical area the markings more or less connected with one another, median stripe much widened behind carina. On proboscis a central half-moon, the margin of the ej^es and a spot at apical angles, on head a spot in centre of frons and the greater part of the anterior portion of the occiput luteous grey ; base of rostrum impressed, the impression flanked by a vestigial carina which is the prolongation of the rim of the eye ; median carina vestigial, reappearmg at apex as a slight swelling. Club of antenna not quite equal in length to segments 3 to 0 together, 9 not strongly narrowed to base, very little longer than broad, 10 broader than long, 11 round, nearly circular in outline. Elytra much more conspicuouslj- tessellated, the grey dorsal post- median sj)ot narrow, being restricted to intersjiace 3. 27. Hypseus arboreus sp. nov. (J. Niger, supra tomcnto olivaceo-brunneo vestitus, ochraceo variegatus, elytris nigro tessellatis gutta alba postmediana in interspatio tertio. Proboscis longitudine duplo latius, margine apicali leviter trisinuato, basi impressa. Frons tam lata quam quarta pars rostri. Clava antennarum sat compacta, segmento 10° subquadrato. Pronotum grosse punctatum, longitudine fere dimidio latius, angulo carinae acuto. Pj'gidium macula mediana magna pallide flava ornatum. Long. .5-3 mm. S. Celebes : Lompa-Battan, 3,000 feet, iii.1896 (H. Fruhstorfer), 2 (J^J- Rostrum coarsely rugate-punctate, impressed in middle of base and flattened, NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 119 before the eyes ; on underside the greater portion of the lobes of the labiophore punctate ; lobes of labium bioad. Head coarsely rugate longitudinally, in middle of frons a small spot and behind eye a large one ochraceous. Antennae pitchy, the first two segments rufous as usual, 3 as long as 2, 8 about twice as long as broad, club not quite as long as 3 to 6 together, not strongly compressed, 9 triangular in outline, longer than broad, 10 as long as broad, 11 as long as 9, elongate -ovate, subtruncate at base. Pronotum slightly depressed before middle and along carina, markings similar to those of H. varius sp. nov., but greyish ochraceous and more diffuse, a median vitta interrupted by the transverse central rhombiform and an ante- median dot more conspicuous than the other markings, a spur extends upwards from grey underside in front of lateral carina ; dorsal carina straight in middle, slightly convex laterally, lateral carina a little convex dorsally. Elytra half as long again as broad, depressed at base and behind subbasal callosity, which is broad, I'ound, not tuberculiform ; alternate interspaces dotted with black spots of semi-erect pubescence, third interspace with a black raised line from middle to apical decUvity, in this line a conspicuous white postmedian spot and an anteapical ochraceous dot. Pygidium nearly as long as broad, rather strongly narrowing apicad. Prosternum and sides of metasternum as well as the neck of the mesosternum pimctate, abdomen also with large punctures on sides, more or less in two rows ; middle of abdomen strongly flattened except last segment, sides of segments 2 to 5 with broad brown diffuse stripe, on side of metasternum a large brown patch. Tooth of claw of hindtarsus present, but reduced in length. 28. Hypseus rufitarsis sp. nov. $. Niger, rostro, macula mediana ante carinam pronoti sita atque scutello albis, macula lata antescutellari fiavescenti-alba. Rostrum longitudine plus duplo latius, margine apicali medio producto. Clava antennae longa, segmento 9° latitudine triplo longiore. Pronotum inaequale, carina sat fortiter convexa medio subangulata, carina laterali recta trans medium continuata, angulo lateraU acuto. Elytra tuberculata. Tarsi pallide rufi. Long. 6 mm. Sumatra : Palembang, 1 5- Rostrum entirely silky white, this pubescence also occupying the anterior portion of frons, ajiical margin bisinuate, the middle distinctly projecting forward, inner margin of eye extending on to rostrum as a sort of caruia, median carina short, vestigial. Frons two-fifths the width of the rostrum, slightly raised anteriorly in middle, occiput brown, with sparse white scale-hairs, rugate like frons. Antenna blackish, segment 3 a very little shorter than 2, 8 twice as broad as long, club loose, strongly compressed, but the margins not sharp, 9 nearly linear, thrice as long as broad, slightly and not quite gradually narrowing to base, 10 almost exactly like 9, 11 broken. Pronotum nearly one-third broader at base than long, coarsely punctate, in middle a depression the sides of which extend laterad-forward, in front of carina at each side of white spot a groove, before these grooves a rounded hump, not a tubercle. Elytra slightly flattened at suture, depressed before and behind the round subbasal swelling, strongly punctate-striate, in intersjjace 3 three 120 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. rounded tubercles, the largest median, the next before apical declivity, the third subapical, in apical fourth of 5 one distinct tubercle and an indistinct one, in 7 two small tubercles near the two of 5. Pygidium brownish black, a little broader than long. Prosternum coarsely punctate, the punctures on metasternum dispersed, abdomen with some shallow punctures. Mesosternal process about as broad as coxa, truncate, angulate. 29. Hypseus argutus sp. nov. cj. Rufo-brunneus, supra griseo marmoratus et guttatus, elytris nigro- brunneo tessellatis, antennarum segmento ultimo longo, angusto, latitudine plus duplo longiore, segmento primo abdominis tuberculo mediano acuto armato. Long. 4-3 mm. Sumatra: Liberia, v. 1921 (J. B. Corporaal), 1 cj. Proboscis grey at eyes and in middle, sparsely pubescent elsewhere, half as broad again as long, depressed in centre of base, emarginate in middle of apex, transversely convex in apical half, with a slight transverse swelling from lateral margin ; on underside the labiophore punctate except at buccal sinus, where it is glossy and convex, cariniform margins of interantennal area curved sideways, not parallel. Frons a very little broader than one-third of the rostrum. Occiput with two brown patches from eyes obliquely backwards to middle. Antenna rufous at base, segment 3 as long as 2, a little longer than 4, 5 to 8 decreasing in length, 8 twice as long as broad, club as long as 3 to 8 together, 9 and 10 triangular, 9 twice as long as broad, 10 a little shorter and narrower, 1 1 longer and narrower than 9, more than twice as long as broad, almost linear, but rounded-narrowed at both ends. Pronotum only one-ninth broader than long, not uneven, the antemedian depression vestigial, finely coriaceous, with shallow punctures at sides, markings of a type found in many species : in centre a transverse rhombiform, from the anterior and posterior angles of which the interrupted median vitta extends forward and backward, the posterior median line broad, white, widened behind carina, anterior median line widening out behind apical margin, contmuous with the lateral grey markings ; these consist of a longitudinal line across lateral angle of rhomboid, stopping below this angle and being continuous with (or nearly) two oblique spots which run from near this point to carina, one inwards and the other outwards, the latter continued across carina, at lateral carina an elongate spot continuous with a broad sublateral line which runs from before middle to apex and anteriorly is connected with the subapical transverse extension of the semilateral grey stripe ; dorsal carina feebly straightened in middle, convex laterally, lateral angle less than 90°, basal carinula strongly slanting down. Scutellum white. Elytra cylindrical, without tubercles, rather strongly punctate-striate, subbasal swelling distinct on account of a depression before and behind it, not tuberculiform, alternate interspaces spotted with black-brown, in third inter- space a median and a postmedian linear black-brown spot between which there is a whitish spot, behind shoulder and at sides before apex a whitish spot more conspicuous than the other grey markings, the elytra being nearly spotted as in H. varivs sp. nov. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 121 Underside grey, the pubescence densest on mesepimerum ; punctures of prosternuni and sides of metasternum shallow ; abdomen without large punc- tures, near base of first segment a very sharp tubercle, which recalls certain species of Litocerus Schoenh. (1833). Legs uniformly rufous. Ulorhinus Sharp (1891). Near Phaidimia Pasc. (1859), Init the prothorax strongly punctate above and below. The basal longitudinal carinula of the pronotum horizontal, forming an acute angle with the dorsal carina, or obsolete. Club of antenna compact or nearly, 10 not being longer than broad. Proboscis about twice as long as broad, its apical margin slightly incurved in middle or here straight. In many species the third interspace of the elytra convex or pustulate. Besides the genotype, U.funebris Sharp (1891), here also belong the Japanese Anthribidae described by Sharp in 1891 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Land. pp. 297-328) as Tropideres aberrans and T. confinis ; further, the Palaearctic Anthribus bilineatus Germ. (1818), the African Hyjiseus elongatus Jord. (1901), Apatenia analis Jord. (1901), Apatenia benina Jord. (1920), and the Eastern Apatenia parvula Jord. (1912). 30. Ulorhinus australiacus sp. nov. /gidae it is anteriorly subcarinate in the middle, with a depression at each side of the caruia ; and in the forewing the cell- vein is apically forked as in Zygaenidae, whereas in the Megalopygidae it is simple, the cell-apex being very deeply inangulate in that family. For these reasons I regard Psi/charium to be a Zygaenid allied to Anotnoeotes of the subfamily Phaudinae. This subfamily being well represented in Africa, there is nothing anomalous in the occurrence of P/ii/duirium on that continent. The abdominal tergites are spinose under the long hair, as is the case in Megalo- pygidae and many Phaudinae. III. On CoSSUS (?) MULTIPUNCTATA DrUCE (1887) AND SOME OTHER EPIPYROPIDAE. The inducement for the writing of the present article on Epipyropidae was the receipt of a peculiar species of this family from Eastern Bolivia, where Jose Steinbach had bred a series of sjsecimens from larvae living on a lantern-fly. The species is evidently identical with the one described by Druce from a single female as Cossus (?) multidentata in Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het. ii, p. 230, tab. xxiv, fig. 9 (1887), from Chiriqui, now in the Berlin Museum, and placed by Dyar and Strand, in Wagner, Lep. Cat., 16, p. 34 (1913), with a question-mark under Epipomponia. The position of Cossus (?) multidentata has remained doubtful. In order to ascertain, if possible with our present very limited knowledge, to which of the various genera of Epipyropidae the species should be referred, I have compared the material of this family contained in the British Museum and in our own collection at Tring. The result is not satisfactory, (1) because many of the species described are not available, and (2) because the differences on which the genera hitherto proposed for species of Epipyropidae are chiefly founded are not reliable. The diagnoses of the genera are almost exclusively taken from the neuration, which a closer examination proves often to be so different in individuals of the same species and even in the right and left wings of the same specimen that accordmg to the generic diagnoses sometimes one specimen of a species, or the left wings, would belong to one genus and another specimen, or the right wings, to a second genus. The genera, therefore, require revision ; but for that task a much larger material would have to be compared than I have seen. The definition of genera is rendered particularly difficult in this family on account of the great simplification and the resulting uniformity in structure due to the loss or reduction of certain organs in all the species known to me. Before proceeding to describe the new forms contained in the Tring Museum and to comment on some others a few words on the general characterisation of the family and on the affinities of these interesting moths with semi-parasitic larvae will not be out of place. The family may be defined as follows : Mouth-parts reduced to a median projection consistmg of a short basal segment and a longer, conical, apical segment which bears a tuft of scales (PI. II, fig. 23) and shows a slight indication of a longitudinal median groove or division ; above this buccal tuft a transverse naked swelling as remnant of the labrum. Ventral margin of frons sinuate. Ocelli absent. No chaetosema. Antennae bipectinate in both sexes, branches apical, shorter in $ than in (J, scaled on the dorsal side, as is the shaft. No epiphysis on foretibia, no spurs on mid- and hind- tibiae ; no pulvillus and paronychium on claw-segment, claw without tooth. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 137 sole of tarsi with verj- few weak bristles, but with pale (sensory) hairs, particularly numerous in $. In cJ the last abdominal tergite (PI. II, figs. 18-22, x.t.) not modified into an uncus, being similar to an ordinary tergite, but with the margin speciaUsed. Wings : retinaculum absent in both sexes, frenulum present, similar in the sexes, simple, spiniform. In forewing the veins from the cell, or one or two from beyond cell or absent ; in cell two veins, both simple at apex (not forked), sometimes vestigial, the anterior one proximally joining the subcostal ; SM' present, SM" vestigial or absent. In hindwing SC free from base, or con- nected with C by a bar, this bar subbasal and directed distad. or placed at the apex of the cell and either directed basad or transverse ; one thin cell-vein, which is not forked distally ; SM' present, but thin and usuallj- partially vestigial, SM' varying from being distinct to being absent. This description does not fit any other Lepidopteron. If we take the neuration of the hindwing as a guide in ascertaining the relationship of the Ejnpyrojndae, the full complement of veins of fig. 17 with a subbasal bar between cell and costa points to the Oelechiinae amongst the Tineidae (s.l.) as well as to the Cossidae and Dalceridae among the " Macros." The structure of the antennae, however, and the reduction of the mouth-parts, tibial spurs, etc.. remove the Epipyropidae from the Tineidae and place them near the Dalceridue. I look upon them as an early branch of this family. In the reduction of the mouth- parts and in the absence of the retinaculum and tibial spurs the Epipyropidae are more advanced than the Dalceridae, the reduction probably being due to the semi-parasitic life of the larvae ; on the other hand, in the anal tergite of the [J and in the neuration the Epipyropidae represent a more generalised type, but with a strong tendency towards the loss of veins. Some stages in the process of the reduction of the number of veins in the foiev^ing are illustrated by figs. 2 to 6 on Plate I, taken from Epipomponia muUipunctata. In fig. 2 ($) the full number of veins is present, and all the subcostal (SC), radial (R), and median (M) branches arise independently from the cell. Fig. 3 ((J, left wing, apex missing) differs in SC being stalked with SC ; in the right wing of the same specimen, fig. 4, the basis of both SC and SC° are shifted distad and are obsolescent. In a second ^J, fig. 5, SC' is absent from the left wing and SC* stalked with R\ while in the right wing, fig. 6, both SC' and SC° are lost. In the hindwing of E. muUipunctata it is particularly the instability of the bar connecting SC with C which is interesting. This bar may be complete, fig. 7, or partially obsolete, fig. 8, or entirely absent, fig. 9. Stages figs. 7 and 9 occur even in the same specimen, fig. 1 1 representing part of the venation of the left hindwing of a $ with B well developed, and fig. 12 the right wing of the sjJecimen with the bar absent. In fig. 12 the costa bears a small spur on the costal side ; this spur occurs rarely, but is sometimes longer than in fig. 12. One of our $ shows an additional vein on the forewing between R' and M', fig. 10. A further reduction in the venation of the hindwing is illustrated by figs. 13, 14, and 15, taken from three species of Epipyrops. In fig. 14, E. atra Pagenst. (1900), SC is complete to base and connected with R' by a cross-vein ; in E. malagassica sp. nov., fig. 15, SC is entirely free, but proximally obsolete; and in E. doddi Roths. (1906), fig. 13, SC is entirely absent. 138 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 102S. 1. Epipyrops paUidipuncta Hamps. (1896). Q. Microlimn.r jKilUiliptnirln Hampson, Fninui Brit. Ind., Moths, iv, p. 484, fig. 256 (1896) (Ceylon). W. H. T. Tam.s has correctly removed this species from the Limacodidae and placed it with the E pipyropidae in the collection of the British Museum. The venation of the hindwing is quite incorrect in Hampson's figure, and his description of it is evidently taken from that figure. 2. Epipyrops doddi Roths. (1906). This species from Queensland may be identical with one of the seven species described by Perkins from Queensland and New South Wales. The forewlng has only 4 subcostals, and in the hindwing, fig. 13, SC is missing. The last abdominal segments of the (J, fig. 21, will probably suffice for the correct deter- mination of the species ; the clasper, CI, has a convex ventral surface and is distally gradually produced into a strong, conical, pointed tooth ; above the clasper a broadish lobe of the anal segment (x.t.) is visible, the outline of the apical margin of this segment being more or less reversed lyriform. 3. Epipyrops atra Pagenst. (1900). (J. Orgijia aim Pagenstecher. Lep. Bismarck-Arch, ii, p. 41, no. .56 (1900) (Xeu Pommern). The unique specimen on which this species was based is in the Trtng Museum. It agrees closely with E. doddi in colour, size, and shape, but the forewing has 5 subcostals, the subcostal SC- of the hindwing is present, fig. 14, and the posterior abdominal segments of the o, fig. 20, are different ; the clasper CI is bulbous and bears on the inner side a short process, which is denticulate at the apex ; the anal tergite (x.t.) has, on each side, a deep sinus, which separates a narrow lobe from the main portion of the segment. Frons much narrower than in E. doddi and the eye correspondingly larger, being broader (measured transversely in frontal aspect) than the frons. 4. Epipyrops malagassica sp. nov. mp. ix. i. p. 45. tab. 252. fig. 2133. J (1913) (Ta- tsien-Iou). Byasa nevilli, Evans. Joiirn. Bomhay N.H. Soc. xxix. p. 233 (1923) (Assam). Papilio nivelli (!). Draeseke, Iris, xxxvii. p. 55 (1923) (Wassekou). The specimens from N.E. Assam, West China, and Yunnan are alike in structure. The harpe of the (J is very characteristic (PI. VI. fig. 16), bearing proximally a knob-like process ; the teeth are restricted to the obtuse apex or to the apical third. The scales beneath the creamy white wool of the scent- fold are nearly all bi- or tridentate. Mid- and hindtihiae thinner than in P. hedistus, P. dasarada, etc., the spines of the upperside less numerous. Tail always without red spot. Sometimes the markings of the hindwing almost entirely suppressed, = ab. Indus Oberth. (1913). Intergradations also are known. In the c? specimen figured on our Plate VII the left forewing is abnormal, there being a cross- vein between R' and M' and between M' and M-. Hab. N.E. Assam, Yunnan ; Western China. 10. Papilio laos Riley & Godf. (1927). o. Papilio laos Riley and Godfrey, Joiirn. Xal. Hisl. Soc. Siain. iv. p. 168. no. 1. tab. 4. fig. 1 (1927) (Ban Xa Sao, French Laos, ii.). No spot on tail ; on upperside of hindwing 4 submarginal transverse red bars ; on underside 5 such spots and an anal one, and in addition three small discal spots. Scent-wool nearly white. Harpe (PI. VI. fig. 17) with three ventral teeth of which the proximal one is the largest, apex produced into a pointed process the sides of which are rounded. Hab. French Laos, 1 cj (type) in Mus. Brit. 11. Papilio mencius Feld. (1862). (J$. Papilio mencius Felder, Wien. Ent. Mnn. vi. p. 22. no. 1 (1862) (Xingpo) ; Jord., in .Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Ix. p. 33 (1908). The four Chinese Swallowtails with black tails and red submarginal lunules on the hindwing are easily distinguished in the cj-sex by the scent-fold and the armature of the claspers. To facilitate identification it is advisable to open the scent-folds when setting specimens. The light colour of the wool separates P. impediens and P. mencius readily from P. alcinous confusus and P. plutonius. In all these sjsecies the hindtibia is distinctly swollen and bears very numerous spines on the upperside, there being, on the outer surface, no spineless stripe above the ventral spines. In P. mencius the harpe always bears two proximal processes (PI. VI. fig. 18), of which the distal one is sometimes dentate ; the harpe narrows to apex, the tip being curved upwards ; the ventral margin without distinct teeth. Hab. China and Yunnan. NOVITATES ZooLoaicAE XXXIV. 1928. 169 ft. p. mencius rhadinus subsp. nov. (PI. VII. fig. :5 cJ, 4 $). cj?. In appearance almost identical with P. nevilli ; the three posterior spots of the upperside deeper red, tail longer, lobe behind tail less projecting, in anterior half the hindwing somewhat narrower, the anterior veins arising from cell shorter, therefore the white patch also shorter, SC- (= 7) more curved upwards, on underside the cell of the hindwing with the two lines which are so distinct in P. nevilli barely indicated. In (J the hindtibia distinctly swollen, with the spines more numerous than in P. nevilli ; the wool of the scent-fold a little darker, the scales under the wool nearly all entire ; the harpe of the clasper (PI. VI. fig. 18) quite different, agreeing with that of P. m. menciun. Length of forewing : 40-49 mm. Hab. Yunnan : Tapintze (Rev. P. Delaway), 2 pairs in coll. John Levick, ex coll. Oberthiir ; also in Mus. Brit. b. P. mencius mencius Feld. (1862). The older references might with advantage be discarded, it being very doubtful as to whether this or some other species was meant. Papilio alcinous mencius, Rothschild. Nov. Zool. ii. p. 268 (partim), tab. 1. fig. 21-25. 39. genit. (1895) ; Seitz, Gros.i-Schmeit. i. p. 9 (1907) (nee fig.). Papilio mencius, Oberthiir, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. 136, 138 (1907) ; Roths., Nov. Zool. xv. p. 168, sub no. 19 (1908) ; Jord., in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. ix. p. 33 (1908). Submarginal spots of hindwing small. For short description cf. Seitz, ix. Hab. Eastern, Central, and Western China. 12. Papilio impediens Roths. (1895). Squirrel-flea, two others the flea of the White-footed Mouse, and the sixth example was a new Mouse-flea which the Opossum probably had picked up when eating a mouse or grubbing for insects. I think the fall would be a better season for some of the mammal-fleas than the summer. A number of abandoned bird-nests examined at the Rolling Rock Club proved a failure, whereas fleas were fairly plentiful on mice and shrews ; the best species among them was a small series of Leptopsylla hesperomys, which was but poorly represented in the collection at home. The Blarina-iiea was not rare, and as I had already obtained a series of it on the Potomac and at Mt. Kisco its capture was apt to leave me cold. The Blarina is a carnivorous, fierce little beast ; I was shown a quite young rabbit whose ears had been partially eaten, and on putting a trap in the nest I caught a Blarina, which had evidently been the culprit. It was no merit of my own that I was luckier with bird-fleas at Cohasset, Boston, Mass., where I stayed with my friend Mr. B. Preston Clark in his beautiful home, situated on the rocky shore of the Atlantic. Mr. Clark's daughter and her husband are much interested in birds, and when I mentioned that we knew very few bird-fleas from North America, Mrs. K. C. Harding suggested that we might find something 1 wanted in the old nests contained in the nesting boxes set up in the garden. And here indeed we obtained the nest of the White-footed Mouse, full of fleas, cocoons and larvae, and in another box a quantity of a bird- flea onh' known from far-away British Columbia. Soon after my arrival in England Mrs. Harding sent me several tubes with fleas, one tube containing a species which I at first took to be new, but afterwards found to be described 13 l82 NOVFTATES ZoOLOr.lCAE XXXIV. 1928. from J) .... P- ,, „ 28. ., ,, alcinous ..... ■ P- 172 „ 29. P- ,. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. Fig. 1. Papilio nevilli ^, Yunnan . 2. J, ,, $, Yunnan . 3. ,, rnencius rhadinv.'^ ^J, Yunnan 4. $, Yunnan 5. »j hedisius ^, Yunnan 6. )? latreillei genestieri q, Tibet NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC/E. VoL. XXXiV. PI. VI. iTES ZooLocic/E. Vol. XXXIV. 1927-28. PI. VII ?ziM^ LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTED BY THE British Ornithoioffists' Union and Woiiaston Expeditions in the Snow IVIountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea WITH TWO COLOURED PLATES By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D. (LORD ROTHSCHILD) PRICE: £1 5s. (lees 20% to Booksellers). A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY SPHINGIDAE By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., AND KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D. PRICE: £5 (less 20% to Booksellers). cxxxr and 972 pages, with 67 Plates. Annual Subscription to " Novitatet Zoologieae," £1 5t. Price of completed Volumes, £1 10s. Volume XXV and foUounng tsmtes, £1 16t. (Committion fur Booksellers on completed volumes only.) Communications, etc., may be addrosseol to THE EDITORS OF " NOVITATEB ZOOLOQICAE," ZOOLOOIOAL MUSEUM, TRINa Subscribers should give notice of the non-arrival of any numbers immediately upon receipt of the succeeding part, otherwise the missing numbers cannot be replaced free. riUNTED UY HAZKIX, WAIBOH AND VIMET, 1.II., LOHDOV AMD AYLBBBVIlT. NOVITATES ZflOLOGlCAE. 03 O H Journal of Zooloo^. < c ■^■<' , /%♦/ EDITED BY ,^.':^?^n^^, LORD EOTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D., Db. EENST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN. Vol. XXXIV. No. 3. Pages 189—395. Plates VIII-XI. Issued July SIst, 1928, at the Zooloqioal Museum, Tmno. PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYLESBDUY. 1928. Vol. XXXIV. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK BDITBD BT LORD ROTHSCEILI), ERNST EARTERT, and K&RL JORDAN. CONTENTS OF NO. III. PAQSS 1. TYPES OF BIRDS IN THE TRING MUSEUM. C. ADDITIONAL AND OVERLOOKED TYPES Ernst Hartert . 189—230 2. NOTES ON THE GENUS CYORNIS, BLYTH . H. C. Robinson and N. B. Kinnear . 231—261 3. DIE ERGEBNISSE MEINER DRITTEN REISE NACH DEN BALEAREN A. v. Jordans . 262—336 4. A RUSH THROUGH TUNISLl, ALGERIA, AND MAROCCO AND COLLECTING IN THE MAROCCAN ATLAS, IN 1927. (PLS. VIII AND IX.) Ernst Hartert . 337—371 5. BIRD NOTES G. M. Mathews . 372—373 6. NOTES ON lOLA US, ARGIOLA US AND RELATED GENERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES, SUBSPECIES AND A NEW GENUS (LEP. LYCAENIDAE). (PLS. X AND XI.) . N. D. Riley . . 374—394 7. A CORRECTION Ernst Hartert . 395 op Q S? CO CJ < < O ) q: NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE Vol. XXXIV. JULY 1928. No. 3. TYPES OF BIEDS IN THE TRING MUSEUM. By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D. G. Additional and overlooked Types. Continued from Novitates Zoologicae vol. xxiv, 1927, p. 38. See also Novttates Zoo- LOGICAE, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1925, 1926. IX. QINCE 1918, when I began to catalogue the types of birds in the Tring ^ Museum, Lord Rothschild and I and other author.s, chiefly Dr. van Someren, Colonel Meinertzhagen, and others, have described new forms, the types of which are now in this Museum, while I also overlooked a few types. All these I am now trying to enumerate. I am thus bringing the number of type specimens to 2005, excepting the types in the Brehm collection (already catalogued) and those of Australian birds in the Mathews collection. It is satisfactory to see that other museums are pubhshing lists of their types, following my plan — for example, the Stockholm Museum, which published a list of their types written by Count Gyldenstolpe. It is to be hoped that all museums do the same, the most necessary being the Paris Museum, the British Museum, the Leiden Museum, the Senckenbei-g Museum in Frankfurt, Miinchen, Vienna, the American Museum, and others. There is, however, at present very httle hope that the bigger museums do this. CORVIDAE. t 1746. Corvus comix judaeus Meinertzh. = Corvus comix sardonius. Corvus cornis jiidaetis Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xxzix, p. 85 (1919 — Paleatine). Type: (J Bir Salem near Ludd, Palestine, 17.xii.l918. R. Meinertz- hagen coll. (Cf. Meinertzh., Nov. Zool., 1926, p. 108.) 1747. Corvus comix minos Meinertzh. = Corvus comix minos. Corvus cornis minos, Meinertzhagen, BiiU. B.O. Club, xU, p. 19 (1920 — Crete). Type: ^ Candia district, 2,000 feet, 13. vi. 1920. R. Meinertzhagen coll. (Upperside much worn.) 14 189 190 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. 1748. Gamdus glandarius cretorum Meinertzh. = Garrulus glandarius cretorum. Garrulus yhmdaiiiis rrcluniin MciniTlzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 19 (1920 — Ilex forests on hiUs of Crete). Type : $ ad. Mt. Ida, Crete, 4,500 feet, 1.5. vi. 1920. R. Meinertzhagen coll. PARADISAEIDAE. 1749. Paradisea mixta R. Paradism mixta Eothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 127 (1921—" Habitat ? The bird may be a hybrid between minor and novaeguineae, but is not probable "). Type : (J ad., tradeskin that came to London soon after the war, no indica- tion of locality. At that time Birds of Paradise came in lots from various parts of New Guinea, some evidently from the basins of the Digul or Fly River, con- taining lots of raggiana, novaeguineae, and hybrids between the two ; others apparently from the systems of the Markham and (or) Waria Rivers, in East New Guinea, or further south, containing many iniermedia, some grand and one niaria. The exact localities of these birds would be very interesting indeed, but those of the second category must have come from somewhere in the hinter- land of the great Huon Gulf. The exact locaUty of P. maria was somewhat uncertain, until Stresemami, Orn. Monatsber. 1925, p. 128, made it known that it occurred on the southern slopes of the Herzog Mountains. Whether P. mixta is a subspecies or a result of hybridization, cannot at present be decided. f 1750. Paradisea apoda subintennedia R. = Paradisaea apoda intermedia. Paradisea apoda subintermedia Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 138 (1921 — " Inland from Huon Guli"). Type : c? ad., tradeskin without locality, said to have come from inland of Huon Gulf, but there is no authority for this statement, no collector being known. The skins now known of intermedia came from the north-eastern part of the former " British New Guinea," from the Kumusi River (type locality) to Colhngwood Bay. The consignment, out of which Lord Rothschild had the type of subintermedia, contained specimens with duller nuptial side-plumes, and others as brilliant as in intermedia, and intermediates. As there are also specimens to all intents and purposes indistinguishable from the type of subinter- media, I regard the latter name as a pure synonym of intermedia, and I think they were collected near Holnicote Bay, where the type of intermedia was obtained, on the Kumusi River. 1751. Amblyomis subalaris gennanus R. = Amblyornis inornattis germanus. Amhlyornis su'ialari.s germanus Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xxvii, p. 13 (1910 — " Rawlinson Mts., German New Guinea "). Type : $ Rawlinson Mts. Bought from the late Professor Foerster, who had it no doubt from Rev. Keysser. Since describmg this subspecies Lord Rothschild has received an adult male from the Rawlinson Mts. Amblyornis germanus is a small and dark very distinct form, not of subalaris, but of inornalus. Wing of adult male 129 mm. NOVITATES ZOOLOQICAE XXXIV. 1928. 191 DIGRURIDAE. 1752. Dicrurus leucophaeus stevensi Baker = D. leiicophaeus sfevensi. Dicrurus leucophaeus stevensi Baker, Nov. Zool. xxv, p. 295 (not 294 !) (1918 — Darjiling). Type : $ ad. Rungarum, Darjiling, 5,700 feet, 25. iv. 1900. C. T. Bingham coll. This group of Drongos is rather comisUcated, and I could not criticize Baker's treatment without a thorough study of the Drongos, for which the material in the Tring Museum is not sufficient, but it seems to me that the author was justified in naming this form. 1753. Dicrurus leucophaeus minimus Baker = D. leucophaeiis minimus. Dicrurus leucophaeus minimus Baker, Nov. Zool. xxv, p. 296 (1918 — Ceylon). Type: S Trincomali, Ceylon, 22. xu. 1874 (not 23.xii!). Coll. W. V. Legge. As usual in Ceylon birds, specimens from that island are much smaller than the allied forms. 1754. Dicraras modestus ugandensis van Som. = Dicrurus modestus ugandensis. Dicrurus modestus ugandensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, p. 102 (1921 — " Bugoma, Budongo, Lugalambo, Mabira, Elgon in Uganda ; and Kavirondo in East Africa "). Type : (J Budongo, lO.xii. 1918. V. G. L. van Someren coll. (?) 1755. Dicrurus elgonensis van Someren = Dicrurus ludwigi elgonensis. Dicrurus elgonensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 95 (1920 — " Elgon and North Kavirondo "). Type : Lerundo (Nyarondo of some maps), c? ad., 21.iii.l917. H. J. Allen Turner coll. for Col. Meinertzhagen. (We have no series to confirm the differences of this form, Ijut in any case they must be very slight.) 1756. Dicrurus ater harterti Baker = Dicrurus macrocercus harterti. Dicrurus aler harterti Baker, Nui\ Zool. xxv, p. 299 (1918 — Formosa). Type: (J Tai-peh, Formosa, 6.iv.l896. Collected by Alan Owston's Japanese hunters. This form seems to me to be fairly distinct. ORIOLIDAE. 1757. Oriolus luteolus thaiacous Hart. = Oriolus xanthomus thaiacous. Oriolus luteolus Ihaiarous Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxviii, p. 63 (1918 — Koh Lak in Peninsular Siam). Type : cJ ad., Koh Lak, Siamese portion of Malay Peninsula, almost latitude of town of Tenasserim, 17 .xi. 1913. W. J. F. Williamson coll. Meinertzhagen, in his review of the genus Oriolus, Ibis, 1923, p. 75, keeps this subspecies separate (though misspelUng its name thaiocous), adding that " some specimens of the typical race from southern India are indistinguishable from this race." Baker, B. India, iii, p. 12 (1926), says it is impossible to keep it separate, as " many " birds from India, especially from the " South- West," are indistinguishable. Judging from the material in Tring, however, such 192 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXXV. 1928. specimens must be exceedingly rare, and can hardly be " many." If single specimens are allowed to upset a subspecies, the Ceylonese ceylonensis should also be united, as we have a male from Ceylon with a wing of 135 mm. STURNIDAE. 1758. Aplonis fuscus huUianus Math. = Aplonis fuscus hullianus. Aplonia fiiscus hnllianus Mathews, Nov. Zool. xviii, p. 451 (Lord Howe Island). TyiJB : An unsexed specimen without date, collected by (or for) Travers on Lord Howe Island. This form differs from A. fuscus fuscus of Norfolk Island by its larger (stouter) bill, and old males are on the upperside more greyish and much less metallic green, especially on the head. Mathews' diagnosis does only partially hold good, but hullianus is a very distinct form. 1759. Amydrus montanus Som. = Onychognathus morio montanus. Amydnts montanus van Someren, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xl, p. 52 (1919 — Mt. Elgon). Cf. Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 132. Type: $ ad., Mt. Elgon, 9,000-10,000 feet, 15.iii.l916. Dr. van Someren coll. t 1760. Cosmopsarus regius donaldsoni Som. = Cosmopsarus regius regius. Cosmopsarus regius donaltlsoni van Someren, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xl, p. 52 (1919 — " Somaliland, S. Ethiopia, and northern frontier district in East Africa "). Type : cj ad., Marsabit, A. Blayney Percival coll. In Bull. B.O. Club, xliv, pp. 70, 71, Dr. van Someren has explained that he redescribed the C. regius regius again, when he named donaldsoni, wliile the birds which he took for typical regius required a name, and he named them C regius magnificus. 1701. Lamprocolius sycobius pestis Som. = LamprocoUus sycohius pestis. Lamprocolius sycohius peslis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xli. p. 124 (1921 — " Mombasa, Samburu, Maungu, N'di "). (Cf . also Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 131.) Type : (J ad., Samburu, 18.x. 1917. Dr. V. G. L. van Someren coll. Dr. van Someren's " pestis " .seems to be a form found in the thorn-bush country from Mombasa northwards. It seems to differ from true sycobius merely by its larger bill, and I think it was an error that in 1922 its distribution was extended to " Lake Kivu and Tanganyika." ICTERIDAE. 1762. Molothrus occidentalis Berl. & Stolzm. = MoloUirus bonariensis occidentalis. Mololhrus nccidtnUilis Berlepsch & .Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 378 (" Hab. in Peru occ, Lima, etc."). Types : S, Lima, 10. xi. 1889, ?, Lima, 18.x. 1889. Jean Kalinowski coll. Both (J and $ are marked " typus " by Stolzmann. They are therefore as much types as any other specimens. The female is much more distinct than the male ! NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 193 PLOGEIDAE.' 1763. Erythrura trichroa eichhomi Hart. = Erythrura trichroa eichhorni. Erythrura trichroa eichhorni Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 274 (St. Matthias Island, north of New Hanover). Type : ^ ad., St. Matthias Island, S.vii. 1923. A. F. Eichhorn coll. 1764. Amblyospiza albifrons inontana 8om. = Amblyospiza albifrons montana.' Amblyospiza alhifrons montana van Somcrcn, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 122 (1921— " Kenia, Kukuyu, Nairobi, Kisumu, etc." ). Type : (?, Fort Hall, Kikuyu Mts., 25. iv. 1918. Dr. van Someren coll. In my opinion, the status and distribution requires further investigation. 1765. Anaplectes jubaensis Som. = Anaplectes jubaensis. Anaplectes jubaensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 94 (1920 — " South-west of Juba River "). Type : (^ ad., " Juba river," December 1912. A. Blayney Percival coll. 1766. Otyphantes emini budongoensis Som. = Ploceus (Otypliantes) emini biidongoensis. Otyphante-s emini budongoensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 123 (1921 — " Budongo, Masindi, Bugoma "). Type : cjad., Busindi, 7.vi.l919. Collected by Dr. van Someren 's collectors. t 1767. Heteryphantes nigricollis vacillans Som. = Phceiis (Heteryphantes) nigricollis nigricollis. Heteryphantes nigricollis vacillans van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 123 (1921 — " S. Ankole, Bugoma, Budongo, Mabendi, Mabira, Elgon, Entebbe, N. Kavirondo, Taveta, Bukoba"). Type: iionym of littoralis is U. tjengalus loveni Granvik (Journ. f. Orn., 1923, Sonderheft, p. 181). Dr. Granvik evidently did not read the original description, but quoted the one in the Journ. E. Africa and Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc, vi, p. 258, which was not published in " 1911 " but in 1918. The description there is somewhat contradictory to that of 1922, but the latter only is of importance, as it is the diagnosis of the new subspecies. ? t 1777. Aidemosyne cantans tavetensis Som. = Aidemosyne cantans meridionalis (1). Aidemosyne cantans tavetensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli. p. 121 (1921—" South Ukambani to Kilimanjaro (Simba, Tsavo, N'buyumi. Taveta) "). Type : ? ad., Simba, 17.x. 1917. V. G. L. van Someren coll. I doubt if it will be possible to maintain the distmctness of the subspecies tavetensis, and believe Sclater 's suggestion {in litt.) that they are not separable from A . cantans meridionalis will be found to be correct. 1778. Ortygospiza atricoUis dorsostriata Som. = Ortygospiza atricollis dorsostriata. Ortygospiza atricollis dorsostriata van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 11.5 (1921 — " Butiti, Tore, and South Ankole, Western Uganda "). Type: ^ ad., South Ankole, Uganda, 8.x. 1919. Dr. V. G. L. van Someren coll. 1779. Hypargus monteiri ugandensis Som. = Hypargus monteiri ugandensis. Hypargus monteiri ugaiulensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 115 (1921 — " Masindi, Mubango, Kyetume, Entebbe, Buzileranjoon in Uganda, north to Lado, Langomeri") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 162. Type: ^ ad., Masindi, 15.xii.l918. Collected by Dr. van Someren's trained men. 1780. Granatina ianthogaster rothschildi Som. = Granatina ianthinogaster roth- schildi. • Granatina ianthogaster rothschildi van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 53 (1919 — " North and South Kavirondo "). Types : cJ?. Kisumu, 22. and 23. v. 1916. V. G. L. van Someren coll. This form seems to be distinct but nearest to roosevelti Mearns (Smithson. Misc. Coll., Ixi, 9, p. 3, 1913), but the spots round the eyes are darker blue and the abdomen is much darker. ?t 1781. Granatina ianthogaster montana Som. = Granatina ianthinogaster ianthinogaster (?). Granatina ianthogaster montana van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 53 (1919 — " The mountainous plateau in the region of Lakes Naivasha and Nakuru "). Type : (J, Naivasha, 20. ii. 1919. V. G. L. van Someren coll. I have hardly any doubt that montana is the same as typical ianthinogaster, but we are in want of a good series of adult females. 196 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIX. 1928. 1782. Granatina ianthogaster ugandae Som. = Granatina ianthinogaster wjandae (?). Qranatina ianthogaster ugandae van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 53 (1919 — " The desert country in western Uganda south to South Rudolf and Suk " ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 159. " S. Ethiopia to Lake Rudolf and Turkana." The first statement in 1919 was erroneous ; it never occurs in western Uganda). Type : S, Mt. Moroto, N.E. Uganda, 30. xi. 1917. V. G. L. van Someren coll. I have no material (no females !) to discuss this form. (?) 1783. Pytelia percivali Som. = Pytelia melba percivali (?). Pytelia percivali van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 56 (1919 — " Loita Plains south to Nguruman Hills " ) ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 161. Type : $, Loita, 9.vii.l918. A. Blayney Percival coll. This form — judging from the well-preserved type-specimen, which is all we have — is nearest to P. m. belli Ogilvie-Grant, but is darker on neck and neck, has a darker back, and larger white spots on the breast. Mr. Sclater, however, tells me that a series from the Loita plains appears to be inseparable from the specimens from Ruwenzori, Lake Albert, etc. t 1784. Pytelia melba mosambica Som. = Pytelia melba grotei. Pytelia melba nwsambica van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 55 (1919 — " North Mozambique "). Type : (J ad., Lumbo, G.viii. 1918. V. G. L. van Someren coll. There seems to be no doubt that this is Reichenow's P. melba grotei from the coast districts of southern Tanganyika Territory. (Teste Sclater in Hit. and my conclusion.) Reichenow's name was published in April, van Someren's December 31, 1919. 1785. Lagonosticta jamesoni taniensis Som. = Lagonosticta rubricata taruensis. Lagonoslicta jamesoni taruensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 54 (1919 — "Coast of British East Africa from Lamu to Mombasa and inland to the Taru and South Ukamba") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 164. Type : ^ ad., Tsavo, 14.iii. 1918. V. G. L. van Someren coll. 1786. Lagonosticta rhodopareia umbriventer Som. = Lagonosticta rubricata vmbriventer. Lagonosticta rhodopareia umbriventer van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 54 (1919 — "East Mt. Kenia and the Northern Guasso N'yiro ") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 163. Type: <^, Embu, Kenia, 9. iv. 1913. V. G. L. van Someren coll. This form seems to be nearest to hildebrandti Neum. but paler. 1787. Lagonosticta senegalla kikuyensis Som. = Lagonosticta rubricate kikuyensis. Lagiinoslirtn senegalla kikiiijensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 55 (1919 — "British East Africa from Kavirondo to the coast and East Kilimanjaro ") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 164. Type : ?, Nairobi, 17.ii.l917. V. G. L. van Someren coll. This form, especially the female, is darker than brunneiceps and sotnaliensis. It is closest to rxiberrima, the males of which are hardly distinguishable, while the females of kikuyensis are greyer, less rufous on the underside. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 192S. 197 1788. Estrilda charmosyna kivanukae Som. = Estrilda charmosyna Jcivanukae. Bstrilda charmosyna kivanukae van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 55 (1919 — " South Ukamba to Loita and the country east of Kilimanjaro ") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 165. Type: (J, Mbuyuni, 26.vii. 1918. V. G. L. van Someren coll. FRINGILLIDAE. t 1789. Eiuberiza Forbesi Haiti. = Emberiza affinis affinis. Eiriberiza Forbesi Hartlaub, Journ.f. Orn. 1882, p. 324 (Langomeri). Type : ^ ad., Langomeri, IS.viii. 1881. Emin Pasha coll. E. forbesi is certainly the same as E. affinis Heuglin, Journ. f. Orn., 18C7. (Clearly described as having ?;o white bars on the wing, name ex Paul Wilhelm von Wiirttemberg's MS., characterization of Heughn.) 1790. Emberiza cia omissa R. = Emberiza cia omissa. Emberiza cia omissa Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xxviii, p. 60 (1921 — Tsin-ling Mts., China). Type : ? ad.. Si, Taipaishang, Tsin-Hng Mts. China, 2.xi.l905. Collected by Alan Owston's Japanese collectors. Sushkin spHts the Meadow Buntings into two species, E. cia, the western group, E. godlewskii, the eastern group, and therefore calls this form E. godlewslcii omissa. He does this apparently, because both the western group with a more grejash and black crown, and the eastern group with more rufous or chestnut crown, are separable into various races, but not because he finds that they inhabit similar areas anywhere. He thus explains by his nomenclature that there are two small divisions of Meadow Buntings, while my nomenclature shows the relationship and supposed common origin of all these forms, which to me seems to be much more important. It is impossible to explain the relationship and origin of all forms by our nomenclature, and I am content if I can express whether forms are subspecies or not ; in entomology we often have seasonal forms, in birds of course not, and I do not endeavour to name varieties, aberrations, mutations, for which descriptions suffice for me. If Hachisuka, Stresemann, and others begin to give names to supposed mutations they will burden nomen- clature greatly, while descriptions would advance science equally, but enthusiasts of the study of individual variation may think differently. t 1791. Pyrrhula erythaca taipaishanensis R. = Pyrrhula erytlmca u'ilderi. Pyrrhnla erythaca taipaishanensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 1921, p. 63 (Taipaishang, Tsin-lin Mts.). Type : c?. Taipaishang, 17.vi.l905. Collected by Alan Owston's Japanese collectors. Cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 2057 ; La Touche, Handb. B. Eastern China, part iv, pp. 307-309. 1792. Propyrrhula subhimachala intensior R. = Prop, subhimachala intensior. Propyrrhula siilihiimchala intensior lvoth.schild, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, [). 12 (1922 — " Lichiang Range "). Type : (J ad., Lichiang Range, Yunnan. G. Forrest coll. This race follows the general tendency of developing deeper-coloured forms in Yunnan, but the material at hand is rather insufficient, and the series from 198 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. Sikkim at hand is poor ; this form therefore requires confirmation. The species varies considerably, and one of Forrest's examples hardly differs from a Sikkim skin. 1793. Carpodacus nibicilloides lapersonnei Meinertzh. = Eryihrina rubicilloides lapersonnei. Carpodacus ruhicilloides lapersonnei Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Cluh, xlvi, p. 83 (1926 — Shushal, Eastern Ladak). Type: (J ad., Shushal, eastern Ladak, 14,500 feet, II. vi. 1925. R. Meinertzhagen coll. The distribution of the various forms of E. nibicilloides (which is better separated specifically from rubicilla) is not yet quite clear, and requires confirma- tion. Meinertzhagen says he examined specimens from Ladak, Gyangtse, Kansu, and Koko Nor, while his C. r. lucifer is to inhabit southern Tibet north to Mt. Everest and Kansu ! 1794. Sorella emini guasso Som. = Sorelh emini giMsso. Sorella emini guasso van Somereu, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 38 {" The more open bush and thorn country of the country round the N. Guasso Nyiro River and Northern Frontier "). Type : o ad., N. Guasso Nj-iro, N.E. Kenya, April 1919, collected by Dr. van Someren's native collectors. t 1795. Passer domesticus halfae Meinertzh. = Passer domesticus niloticus. Passer domesticus halfae Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 67 (1920 — Wadi Haifa, Egypt). Type : cJ ad., Wadi Haifa, 21 .ii. 1904. Presented by R. Meinertzhagen. 1796. Passer rutilans intensior R. = Passer rulilans intensior. Passer rutilans intensior Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 11 (1922 — " Mekong valley "). Type : Shellal, 10. ix. 1917. R. Meinertzhagen coll. In 1923, Nachtrag I, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 26, and Ibis, 1925, p. 309, myself and Meinertzhagen corrected the above name, gaza not being a form of M. bi- maculata but of calandra. Its reddish colour alone separates it from M. c. calandra. It is true that I have collected strongly reddish calandra in Cyrenaica, but they are tainted from the red soil of that country, while Meinertzhagen's gaza are freshly moulted autumn birds, which are not at all tainted. Except the specimens described in 1919, also those (at least three now before me, kindly presented to the Truig Museum) collected by the author at Amman in Trans- jordania in October and end September, belong to this race, and not to hebraica, if the latter is distinct. 1807. Melanocorypha calandra hebraica Meinertzh. = Melan. calandra hebraica. Melanocorypha calandra hebraica Meinertzhagen, BvU. B.O. Club, xli. p. 21 (1920 — " Acre, Damascus, and in the Coastal Plain of Palestine south to Ludd from October to May "). Type : (J, Jenin, N. Palestine, 1 .v. 1920. R. Meinertzhagen coU. As originally described, these birds seem to be intermediate between M. c. calandra and psammochroa, but they are not reddish like gaza. I attach no import- ance at all to the supposed smaller size, as all calandra vary strikingly in size, and some psammochroa are as large as some hebraica. The difference of hebraica from psammochroa requires further confirmation, but I consider them different from gaza. According to Meinertzhagen, hebraica breeds in Palestine. f 1808. Calendula dunni pallidior Hart. = Calendula dunni. Calendula dunni pallidior Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1921, p. 130 (Damergu). Type : ? 1 ad., Takakut, Damergu, 1,550 feet, S.iii. 1920. Angus Buchanan coll. No. 430. Cf. Nov. Zool., 1924, p. 42 ! 1809. Eremophila alpestris deosai Meinertzh. = Eremophila alpestris deosai. Bremophila alpestris deosai Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xlvi, p. 84 (1926— " Deosai plateau between Baltistan and Kashmir"). Type: J ad., Deosai plateau, 13,200 feet, 24. viii. 1925. R. Meinertz- hagen coll. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 201 (?) t 1810. Mirafra fischeri kawirondensis Som. = Mirafra fischeri fischeri (?). Mirafra fischeri kaivirondensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 125 (1921 — " Kisiirau, Karungu, Kendu Bay, Kibigori, also Sovoti and Entebbe "). Type: (J, Kisumu, 9.xii. 1917. Dr. van Someren coll. The type is a specimen of the blackish variety. I am not sure if one can separate kawirondensis from typical fischeri. (?) 1811. Mirafra longonotensis Som. = Mirafra africanoides longonotensis. Mirafra longonotensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 57 (1919 — "Apparently limited to the Loita Plains and the open plateau in Naivasha and Nakuru districts "). Type : ^J ad., Loita, lO.vii. 1918. A. Blayney Percival coll. The description as a dark form fits the seven worn specimens collected by Doherty (cf. Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 178), but the bird marked as the type, from Loita, is very much lighter, and agrees with one from Somaliland, collected by Archer. This form requires further study, also its relationship to the very reddish alopex ! 1812. Ammomanes deserti geyri Hart. = Ammomanes deserti geyri. Ammonmnes deserti geyri Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 41 (1924 — Damergu). Type: cJ. Farak, Damergu, 29. vi. 1922. Angus Buchanan coll. No. 148. 1813. Ammomanes deserti payni Hart. = Ammomanes deserti payni. Ammomanes deserti payni Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xlv. p. 36 (1924 — Figuig, E. Marocco). Type : ^ ad., Figuig, 19.iii. 1924. W. A. Pajoi coll. I have now examined specimens from Ain-Sefra, Beni-Omiif, Figuig, and Missour on the Muluya River. 1814. Ammomanes deserti amiae Meinertzh. = Ammomanes deserti ajinae. Ammomanes deserti annae Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii,p. 147 (1923 — " North Arabia from about 20 miles west o£ Azraq to the lava-hills 90 miles east of that place "). Type: (J ad., 30 miles east of Azraq in North Arabia, 27.x. 1922. R. Meinertzhagen coll. 1815. Alauda arvensis weigoldi Hart. = Alauda arvensis iceigoldi. Alaitda arvensis weigoldi Hartert, Abh. d: Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, xv, 3, p. 20 (1922 — Middle China, Yantsekjang and south to Foochow). Type : c? ad., Hankow in China, 18.iii.l912. Admiral Hubert Lynes coll. 1816. Alauda arvensis hainana Hart. = Alauda arvensis hainana. Alauda arvensis hainana Hartert, Abh. d: Bur. Zool. Mus. Dresden, xv, 3, p. 21 (1922— Hainan). Type : cj ad., Kiangchau, Hainan, 24. ii. 1902. Katsumata coll. 1817. Alauda arvensis herberti Hart. = Alauda arvensis herberti. Alauda arvensis herberti Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 149 (1923— Round Bangkok in Siam). Type : ^ ad., Bangkok, Siam, 31 .iii. 1915. W. J. F. Williamson coll. 202 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. 1818. Galerida cristata zion Meinertz. = Galerida crisiata zion. Galerida cristata zion MeLnertzliagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 21 (1920 — "Jerusalem, Beisan, Lake Galilee, Jeniu, Damascus, Syrian Desert, Baalbek '" ; Ibis, 1921, p. 037, also Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 2088). Type: (J ad., Jerusalem, 20. xi. 1919. R. Meinertzhagen coll. 1819. Galerida cristata iaiami Meinertz. = Galerida cristata imami. Oalerida cristata imami Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xliv. p. 16 ( 1923 — " Sok-al-Khamis.Menakha, Sanaa in Yemen, El-Kubar and Gerba in the Amiri country "). Type: $, S6k-al-Khamis, 8,000 feet, in Yemen, 11 .viii. 1913. G. W. Bury coll. This subspecies is recognizable, though some specimens are very close to tardinata. The bill of G. c. imami is (barring exceptional individuals) distinctly larger than that of tardinata. 1820. Galerida cristata halfae Nicoll = Galerida cristata lialfae. Oalerida cristata halfae Nicoll, Bull. B.O. Club, xlii. p. 7 (1921— Wadi Haifa in Egypt). Type: Wadi Haifa, 2. ii. 1921. S. S. Flower coll. It seems, indeed, that the Crested Larks from Wadi Haifa are neither maculata, wliich lives north of it, nor altirostris, which lives south of it, but a more greyish form, not darker than maculata, but more grey. For notes on the distribution of Crested Larks in Egyjjt, see Meinertzhagen, Ibis, 1921, pp. 634-639. G. cristata caroli is apparently not distinguishable from brachyura of southern Palestine. 1821. Galerida cristata festae Hart. = Galerida cristata festae. Oalerida cristata festae Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 12 (1922— Cyrenaica) ; Nov. Zool. 1923 p. 10 ! Type : cj ad., Bengasi, Cyrenaica, 27.ui.1922. Hartert and Hilgert coll. MOTACILLIDAE. 1822. Motacilla flava iberiae Hart. = Motacilla flava iberiae. Motacilla flava iberiae Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, iii, p. 2097 (1921 — " Spanien, Portugal, Balearen Siidfrankreich, Nordalgerien, vielleicht aueh Marokko nistend "). Type : (J ad., Mirandra on Ebro, North Spain, 18. vi. 1919. Ernst Hartert coll. 1823. Anthus blayneyi Som. = Antlius brachyurus blayneyi. Anthus blayneyi van Somcren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 56 (1919 — " South Ukamba north and west to Loita and Olgerei "). Type : ^, Olgerei, 1 .vii.1917. A. Blayney Percival coll. 1824. Anthus sokokensis Som. = Anthus sokokensis. Anthus sokoketisis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 124 (1921 — " Sokoke Forest on coast of B.E. Africa. In forest, keeping to the more open areas of undergrowth "). Type : (J, Sokoke, 14.1.1921. Coll. by Dr. van Someren's trauied natives. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 203 1825. Anthus leucophrys goodsoni Meinertzh. = Anthus leucophrys goodsoni. Anthus leucophrys goodsoni Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 23 (1920 — 'Distribution not indicated, but type from Nakuru in Kenya Colony fixed). Type : $, Nakuru, 2. i. 1917. Collected for Colonel Meinertzhagen by Alan Turner. 1826. Anthus leucophrys neumanni Meinertzh. = Anthus leucophrys neumanni. Anthus leucophri/s neumanni Meinertzliagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 23 (1920 — New name for A. I. anrjolensis Neumann 1906, which is preoccupied by Anthus angolen.sis Socage 1870). Type the same as that of Neumann's angolensis, i.e. ^, Ambava, Angola, 13. V. 1903. W. J. Ansorge coll. No. 158. 1827. Anthus campestris griseus NicoU = Anthus campe.stris griseus. Anthus campestris griseus NicoU, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 25 (1920 — " Egypt, Turkestan, Persia"). Type: (^, Tischkan River, Turkestan, 22. v. 1900. N. Zarudny coll. 1828. Anthus richardi lacuum Meinertzh. = Anthus richardi lacuum. Anthus richardi lacuum Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 22 (1920 — " British East Africa and Uganda"). Type: cJ, Naivasha, 9.xi. 1916. R. Meinertzhagen coll. No. 87. 1829. Anthus gouldi tumeri Meinertzh. = Anthtis gouldi turneri. Anthus gouldi turneri Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 24 (1920 — " Kituni in the N.W. part of Kenya Colony "). Type : ? ad., Kituni, 19. ii. 1917. H. J. Alan Turner coll. The description of the upperside as " uniformly dark hair-brown " is not quite correct, as dark centres to the feathers are clearly visible. 1830. Anthus gouldi pmnus Meinertzh. = Anthus gouldi prunus. Anthus gouldi prunus Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 24 (1920 — BengueUa). Type : cJ, Catatu River, Benguella, 29. ix. 1904. W. J. Ansorge coll. 1831. Anthus sordidus asbenaicus R. = Anthus sordidus asbenaicus. Anthus sordidus asbenaicus Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 33 (1920 — Mt. Baguezan, Asben) ; see also Nov. Zool. 1921, p. 127. Type : cj ad., Mt. Baguezan, Asben, Central Sahara, 5,200 feet, 25. v. 1920. Angus Buchanan coll. No. 632. 1832. Anthus sordidus decaptus Meinertzh. = Anthus sordidus decaptns. Anthus sordidus decaptus Meinertzhagen, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 23 (1920 — " East Persia and Balu- chistan "). Type: $, Rud-i-Taman River, East Persia, 23.viii.1898 (Russian date). N. Zarudny coU. When I described A. sordidus captus from Palestine in 1905 I united with it specimens from Persia and Baluchistan. Meinertzhagen has now collected an instructive series from Palestine, which shows that captus is a much smaller subspecies than decaptus. 204 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. MELIPHAGIDAE. 1833. Prosthemadera novae-seelandiae phoebe Kemp. = P. novae-seelandiae phoebe. Prosthemadera novae-seelandiae phoebe Kemp, Austral Avian Record, i, 5, p. 124 (1912 — North Island of New Zealand). Type : S-> Umawera, Hokianga, North Island, October 1907. Only two specimens came to the Tring Museum, the type-specimen and one without original label, but marked " North Island, N.Z.," by Mathews. The wings measure cj 151 (type), and (unsexed) 142 mm. This is only a very sUght difference from South Island specimens, in which the males have wings of 154-160 mm. There is no difference in colour at all, those stated by Kemp do not exist. The subspecies phoebe therefore requires confirmation by more material ! (P. novae-seelandiae kwini Kemp (I.e.) from the Auckland Islands, which is unknown to me, is perhaps a female, the shorter wing and smaller white throat- frill being characteristic of the females.) 1834. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae kermadecensis Math. & Ired. = P. novae- seelandiae kerrnadecensis. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae kermadecensis Mathews & Iredale, Austral Avian Rec. ii, 5, p. 113 (1914 — Sunday Island, Kermadeo group). Type : o, Sunday Island, 19.vii. 1913. (Collector's name not stated.) Specimens from the Kermadec Islands differ from P. n. novaeseelandiae (South Island, New Zealand) in having stronger legs and feet, especially a larger hmd-toe and claw. This is not quite so obvious in the type-specimen, as in most other males, but it is remarkable in a series. The differences in colour described by the authors were due to the specimen (they had apparently only that one before them when describmg it) bemg strongly powdered with plaster. Since it has been dusted the colour-differences have disappeared. GeneraUy the bills are larger. We have only males in the collection. The wings are by no means longer, the wings of 154 and 155 of the type being not imusually long for novaeseelandiae (see above). When describing P. n. kermadecensis the authors compared it with P. n. phoebe Kemp, of which they had only two specimens before them, and which was not represented in most collections anywhere. That, of course, made comparison of the supposed new form almost impossible to everybody else. Such action should be condemned, as the object of separatmg new forms is to elucidate problems, thus helping fellow-workers, and not to put unsolvable enigmas before the ornithological public. 1835. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae chathamensis subsp. nov. Type: [S ad.) (probablj^ Little Mangare) Chatham Islands, east of New Zealand. H. C. Palmer coll. The form from the Chatham Islands is much larger, having longer wings and tails than New Zealand specimens. The white tufts on the foreneck are considerably larger, those of the female being as large as or larger than in the male of P. n. novaeseelandiae. We have eleven specimens coUected by H. C. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 205 Palmer ; dates and sexes cannot now be found out, as Palmer's diary referring to the Chatham Islands was burnt. The sexes, however, differ so much in size, that we can make them out from the skins before us. The wings of the males measure 160-169, those of the females 142-150 mm. ; once 135, if that specimen is from the Chatham group. This, the most distinct of the subspecies of the Prosthemadera, has so far remained unnamed, though Lord Rothschild verbally mentioned its great size long ago. 1830. Melirrhophetes belfordi joiceyi R. = Melidectes {Melirrhophetes) belfordi joiceyi. Melirrhophetes belfordi joiceyi Rothschild, Xov. Zool. xxviii, p. 285 (1921 — Mt. Kunupi, Weyland Mts.). Type : cj ad., Mt. Kunupi, 6,000 feet, November-December 1920. Pratt Bros. coll. I agree with Stresemann that Melirrhophetes must either be suppressed (as he did) or can only be upheld as a subgenus of Melidectes. M. rufocrissalis somewhat connects the two supposed genera, but is it not a bit keen to treat it as a subspecies of belfordi 1 M. b. joiceyi is a very distinct form, being distin- guished by its small size and the greenish (not grey) edges to the feathers of the back in the adult birds, while in M . b. belfordi only young birds have these edges greenish. 1837. Philemon eichhomi R. & H. = Philemon eichhorni. Philemon eichhorni Rothschild & Hartert. Bull. B.O. Club, xlv, p. 8 (1924 — New Ireland); Nov. Zool. 1925, p. 133. Type: (J ad., S.W. New Ireland, 22. i. 1924. A. F. Eichhorn coll. 1838. Ptilotis finschi R. & H. = Ptilotis ixoides finschi. Ptilotis finschi Rothschild & Hartcrt, Xov. Zool. x, p. 448 (1903 — " Mts. of British New Guinea "). Type : Mts. British New Guinea. Weiske coll. (Bought from dealer, but preparation unmistakably of Emil Weiske.) 1839. Myzomela cineracea rooki Hart. = Myzomela cineracea rooki. Myzomela cineracea rooki Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxxiii, p. 142 (1926 — Rook Island). Type : S ad., Rook (or Rooke) Island, west of New Britain, 24.vii.1913. A. S. Meek coll. No. 5810. NECTARINIIDAE. 1840. Cinnyris loveridgei Hart. = Ginnyris loveridgei. Cinnyris loveriihjei Hartcrt, Bull. B.O. Club, xlii, p. 49 (1922 — Uhiguru Mt.s.. Tanganyka Territory). Type : cJ ad., Uluguru Mts., 24. v. 1921. Arthur Loveridge coll. 1841. Cinnyris bifasciatus tsavoensis Som. = Cinnyris bifasciatus tsavoensis. Cinnyris bijasciiitus tsavoensis van Sonicreii, Nov. Zool. xxix, p. 196 (1922 — " Teita, Sagala, Maungu, Tsavo, Upper Tana, and Simba "). Type : cJ ad., Tsavo, 3.iv. 1918. V. G. L. van Someren coll. It is mteresting that the smaller tsavoensis occurs together with the larger chalcomelas Rchw. (shephardi Jacks.). 15 206 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXIV. 1928. 1842. CinnsTis angolensis kakamegae Som. = Cinnyris angolensis kakamegae. Cinnyrin ungoJtnsis kakammjut van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 113 (1921 — " North Kavirondo and Nandi, Yala River, Kaimosi, and Nandi Escarpment "). Type: (J, Kakamegoes, 15. ii. 1917. J. J. Allen Turner coll. for Col. R. Meinertzhagen, No. 1208. 1843. Cinnyris habessinicus turkanae Som. = Cinnyris habessinicus turlcanae. Cinnyris luihessiuicus tiirhntnr van Somcren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 94 (1920 — '* East Uganda and W. Rudolf to Suk country "). Type: J ad-, Kobua River, Lake Rudolf, March 1918. V. G. L. van Someren coll. This form is " very close " but just recognizable. t 1844. Cinnyris leucogaster lunibo Som. = Cinnyris leucogaster leucogaster. Cinnyris Uumgaster lumbo van Someren. Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 113 (1021 — " Lumbo in North Mozambique "). Type: (J ad., Lumbo 12. vii. 1918. 1845. Cinnyris sericeus eichhomi Hart. = Cinnyris sericen-s eichhorni. Cinnyris sericeus eichhorni Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxxiii, p. 41 (1926 — Feni Island, east of New Ireland). Type : S ad., Feni Island, 10. v. 1924. Albert F. Eichhorn coll. 1846. Anthreptes longuemarei neglectus Neum. = Anthreptes longuemarei neglectus. Anthreptes longuemarei neglectus Neumann, Om. Monatsber. 1922, p. 13 (" Rufu und Uluguru- Gebirge, vielleicht Ukami, Usaromo, Usagara "). Type : cj, Uluguru Mts., Tanganyika Territory, 19. v. 1921. Arthur Love- ridge coll. There is a series of this form in the Berlin Museum. 1847. Anthreptes yokanae Som. = Anthreptes yohanae. Anthreptes yokanae van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 63 (1921 — " Rabai Hills north of Mom- basa "). Type : S ad., Rabai, 10. xi. 1920. V. G. L. Someren coll. There is now in the Tring Museum quite a series from Rabai and Sokoko, collected by Dr. van Someren and hi.s trained collectors. 1848. Anthreptes collaris ugandae Som. = Anthreptes collaris vgandae. Anthreptes collaris ugandae van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 113 (1921 — " Uganda to Kivu and east to Mt. Elgon, south to highlands of British East Africa ") ; Xov. Zool. 1922, pp. 202, 203. Type: ^, Maraquet, 10.x. 1918. Collected by Dr .van Someren's trained collectors. t 1849. Anthreptes collaris teitensis Som. = Anthrejiles collaris elacMor Menrns. Anthreptes collaris teitensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 113 (1921 — " South Ukambani to Teita and East Kilimanjaro ") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 202. Type : (J, Teita, IS.viii. 1918. Collected by Dr. van Someren's collectors. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 207 1850. Anthreptes tephrolaema elgonensis Horn. = Anthreptes tephrolaema elgonensis. Anthreptes tephrokienw clrjonensis van Soineren. BiiU. B.O, Club, xli. p. 112 (1921 — " Nandi Escarp- ment to Mt. Elgon and Mablra in Uganda "). Type : cJ, Kaimosi, 22.1.1917. J. Allen Turner coll. for Colonel Meinertz- hagen. t 18.51. Hedydipna platura karamojoensis Som. = Hedydiptia platura platura. HechjfJipna platura ka m mojocnsis van Sonieren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 93 (1920 — " East Uganda and VV. Rudolf to Silk"). Type : (J ad., Kamalinga, Karamojo, 23. xi. 1917. Dr. van Someren coll. 1852. Nectarinia pulchella aegra Hart. = Nectarinia pulchella aegra. Nectariiiia pulchella aeijni Hartert, Nor. Zool. xxviii. p. 122 (1921 — Asben, Zinder, and Kano). Type: :Jluviali.'!. Scaeorhynchus gularis transfluvialis Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii, p. 548 (1900 — Khasia Hills) ; Baker, B. India, i.^. 118, 1922. Type : (J, Guilang, North Cachar, 21 .iv. 1895. E. C. Stuart Baker coll. 1873. Psittiparus gularis hainanus R. = Psittiparus gularis Jiainanus. Psittiparus gularis hainanus Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xiv, p. 7 (1903 — Mt. Wuchi, Hainan); Nor. Zool. 1900, p. 241. Type : (J, Mt. Wuchi, March 1903. Katsumata coll. 1874. Scaeorhynchus ruficeps bakeri Hart. = Psittiparus ruficeps hakeri. Scaeorhynchi(s ruficeps bakeri Hartert. Nov, Zool. vii, p. 548 (1900 — " Cachar, Assam, to Karennee and Tenasserim ") ; Baker, B, India, i, p. 117. 1922. Type : cj, Hungrum, North Cachar, 3. v. 1895. E. C. Stuart Baker coll. LANIIDAE. t 1875. Chlorophoneus elgeyuensis Som. = variety (mutation) of CJil. nigrifrons nigrifrons. Chlorophoneus elgeyuensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 23 ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 115 (1919 — " Known only from the Elgeyu-Sheringani Hills and Kenia, 8,000-10,000 feet "). Type : $, Marakwct, Elgeyu, 5.x. 1918. Dr. van Someren coll. When Dr. van Someren described this most interesting mutation, he had very few specimens only available. We have now in the Tring Museum 42 skins : 21 from Mt. Kenya, collected by the late Noel van Someren, 14 from Kyambu, collected by V. G. L. van Someren and J. P. Cook, 4 from Kilimanjaro, coll. by Noel van Someren, 1 female from Marak\\et, 1 female from Morshi, Angus Buchanan coll., 1 male from Fort Smith, Kikuyu, coll. by W. J. Ansorge. While there is some variation in the series from Kyambu, the breast varjdng from yellow with only an orange tinge, to orange yellow, there are among the Kenya specimens some with the breast and foreneck flame-scarlet or orange scarlet, and intergradations from thi.s to bright yellow with hardly an orange tinge. It is to be expected that the flame-scarlet breasted males also occur in the Kyambu and Kilimanjaro districts, if sufficiently large series were collected. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 211 1876. Chlorophoneus nigrifrons conceptus Hart. = Chlorophoneus nigrifrons conceptus. Chlorophoneus niijrijrons concejHiis Hartcrt, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii. p. 79 (1923 — " Forest west of Lake Tanganyika "). Type: ^ ad., 120 km. west of Lake Tanganyika, 2,300 m., 22.vu.1908. Rudolf Grauer coll. Differs from CM. nigrifrons nigrifrons in having the tips of the inner primaries and secondaries yellow, and the tips to the rectrices wider and also — though small — visible on the central pair. We have now two males and one female, all alike, except that the female has no black on the forehead. (In Nov. ZooL., 1922, p. 451, I said that I was convinced that Chlorophoneus graueri (Hart.) was the same as reichenowi, but this can hardly be the case, as the white line over the forehead and the sujjerciliary line are so much narrower than in Kamerun specimens, which must be reichenowi, whether that is separable from melamprosopus or not.) t 1877. Laniarius mficeps cooki Som. = Laniarius ruficeps rufimichalis. Laniarius mficeps cooki van Sonieren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 23 (1919 — " Taru desert country and S. Ukambani") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 118. Type : (J, Tsavo, IS.iii. 1918. V. G. L. van Someren coll. L. ruficeps kismayensis Erl., Dm. Monatsber., 1901, p. 182, is not separable from L. r. rufinuchalis Sharpe. Cf. Zedlitz, Journ. f. Orn., 1915, p. 60. L. r. rufimichalis is the southern form, ranging from GarduUa (N.E. of Lake Stefanie) to Gurra-Land, Kismayu, and the Tsavo district, Taru and Maungu, etc., in East Africa. L. r. ruficeps inhabits N.E. Somaliland (the Haud). The males have a much longer wing than the females, and more black on the forehead, but L. r. rufinuchalis has more black on the forehead and conse- quently less red on the crown in both sexes, which is easily seen if series of both forms are compared. 1878. Harpolestes senegalus mozambicus Som. = Tchagra ' senegalus mozamhicus. Harpolestes senegalus niozaiiihicus van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xK, p. 103 (1921 — " Lumbo, Northern Mozambique ") ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 112. Type : o Lumbo, lO.vii. 1918. Collected by Dr. van Someren's experienced collectors. 1879. Harpolestes australis littoralis Som. = Tchagra australis littoralis. Harpolestes australis littunilis vmh .Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xLi. p. 102 (1921 — "Coastal scrub region of British and German East Africa : Changamwe, Mombasa ") ; Nov. Zool. W22,^. Ill Type: ? ad., Changamwe, 18.vii.l918. Collected by van Someren's collectors. ? 1880. Harpolestes senegalus confusus Som. = Tchagra senegalus confusus (?). Harpolestes seneijalus cunfusus van Someren. Nov. Zool. xxix, p. 113 (1922 — ZuUiland). Type: cJ, Umfalosi, Zululand, 2. viii. 1904. C. B. Grant coll. ' The oldest correct name for this genus seems after all to be Tchagra, as adopted by Sclater in vol, V. of Shelley's unfinished B. oj Africa ! 212 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 1881. Prionops plumatus haussarum Hart. = Prionops plumatus haussarum. Prionops plumatus liaussarum Hartert, Xof. Zool. xxviii, p. 126 (1921 — Kano) ; Nov. Zool. xxxi, p. 37 (1924). Type : (J ad., Farniso near Kano, 1,700 feet, IS.xii. 1919. Angus Buchanan coll. No. 44. 1882. Sigmodus scopifrons keniensis Som. = Sigmodus scopifrons keniensis. Sigmodus smpifrons keniensis van 8omeren, Bull. B.O. Cluli, xliii, p. 80 (1923 — " The country east and north of Kenia to Marsabit, and west to the Karoli Mts., going east to the upper waters of the Juba River "). Type : $ ad., Meru, N.E. Mt. Kcnia, 3. i. 1921. Noel van Someren coll. The description of this form is not very enlightening, as Dr. van Someren compared it with the coastal form ranging " from the Tana river south to Vanga," which he took for the typical scopifrons. The latter, however, is . 147 (1923 — El Jid. Northern Arabian desert) ; Ibis. 1924, p. 616. Type : J, El Jid, east of Rutbah Wells, N. Arabia, " within political Iraq," 30.x. 1922. R. Meinertzhagen coll. Presented by the collector. This form requires more confirmation ! The specimens are in fresh plumage, and the rump is very pale, and, apart from worn breeding specimens, we have a Tunisian example with equallj' pale rump. We also have a male shot on the road from Biskra to Tolga 16.ui.l909, with the bill exactly as long as that of the type, and the wing is not longer than in a number of Algerian males. A male from "El Buhea, 28.iii.1910 " — probably in Eastern Palestine or Trans- jordania, received from Aharoni, would belong to this form, also a young male from Rheme, Palestine. [Spring specimens have a browner, less greyish tinge on the dark portions of the plumage. — R.] 1912. Callene sokokensis Som. = Vibrissosylvia sokoken.sis. Callene sokokensis van Soraeren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 125 (1921 — " Sokoke Forest, coast of B. E. A."). Type: 0, Sokoke Forest, 21.i.l921. Collected by Dr. van Someren's collectors. I follow W. L. Sclater in placing this species into the genus Vibrissosylvia. 1913. EnicuTus maculatus omissus R. = Enicurus tnaculatus otnissus. Enicurvs maculatus omissus Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xxviii, p. 26 (1921 — Fohkien, East China). Type : Fohkien. Tang Wangwang coll. 1914. Turdus milanjensis uluguru Hart. = Tunius olivaceus uluguru. Turdus milanjensis uluguru Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xliv, p. 6 (1923 — Bagito, Uluguru Mts., Tangan- yika Territory). Type : o ^d., Bagito, Uluguru Mts., 4. v. 1922. Arthur Loveridge coll. I follow W. L. Sclater in regarding this subspecies as a form of T. olivaceus — together with milanjensis, nyikae. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 217 1915. Tardus melanarius heinrothi R. & H. = Turdu^ melanarius heinroihi. Turdus melanariiis heinrothi Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xliv, p. 53 (1924 — St. Matthias Island) ; Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 273. Type : cJ, St. Matthias Island, 9.vii. 1923. A. F. Eichhorn coll. No. 8647. Still the only known specimen of this subspecies. 1910. Turdus talasea R. & H. = Turdus talasea. Turdus talasea Rothschild & Hartert. Bull. B.O. Club, xlvi, p. 53 (1926— Talasea, New Britain) ; Nov. Zool. 1926, p. 141. Type : ?, Talasea, 12. ii. 1925. A. F. Eichhorn coll. No. 9920. Also still the only known specimen. 1917. Turdus dauma eichhomi R. & H. = Turdus dauma eichhorni. Turdus damna eichhorni Rotliscliild &■ Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xliv, p. 52 (1924— St. Matthias Island) ; Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 273. Type : $ ad., St. Matthias Island, 31 .v. 1923. A. F. Eichhorn coll. No, 8480. 1918. Turdus dauma choiseuli Hart. = Turdus dauma choiseuli. Turdus dauma choiseuli Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, p. 273 (Choiseul Island, northern Solomon Islands). Type : ?, Choiseul, 13.1.1904. 1919. Turdus joiceyi R. & H. = Turdus dumasi joiceyi. Turdus joiceyi Rothschild & Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p, 74 (1921— Ceram). Type : Adult, Mts. of Ceram. Collected by Pratt brothers. I have no doubt whatever that Turdus joiceyi must be treated as a subspecies of T. dumasi, though the upjjerside is much darker, the tail brownish black instead of chestnut-brown, the legs (in skin) dark brown, and there is only one row of white spots on the upper wing-coverts. In shape, size, and style of coloration the two forms, however, agree entirelj^. 1920. Yuhina nigrimentum intermedia R. = Yuhina nigrimentum intermedia. Yiihina nigrimentum intermedia liuthschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 11 (1922 — Mekong valley and Mekong-Salwin Divide). Type : cj, Mekong-Salwin Divide, lat. 28° 10 N., 10,000-11,000 feet, 27.vii. 1921. G. Forrest coll. No. 574. This subspecies is very close to Y . n. nigrimentum from Sikkim ; its upperside is not greyer, but darker, more olivaceous. 1921. Proparus striaticollis yunnanensis R. = Fulvelta striaticollis yunnanensis. Proparus striaticollis yunnanensis Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 11 (1922 — Mekong-Salwin Divide, N,W, Yunnan). Type: ^, Mekong-Salwm Divide, lat. 28° 55' N., 26.viii. 1921, in mixed forest, 10,000 feet. G. Forrest coll. 218 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1028. 1922. Fulvetta chrysotis forresti R. = Fulvetta chrysotis forresli. Fulvella chrysotis foirv^li llotlistluld. Bull. B.O. Ctuh, xlvi, p. 64 (1926 — Shweli-Salwiii Divide); Nov. Zool. 1926, p. 269. Type : Shweli-Salwin Divide, Yunnan, December 1919. George Forrest coll. Seven specimens were sent in all, not seventeen, as stated in Nov. Zool. 1926, p. 269. 1923. Siva strigula omissa R. = Siva strigula omissa. Siva singula omissa Rothscliild, Xov. Zool. xxviii, p. 40 (1921 — Perak). Type: ?, Gunong Kerbau, Perak, 5,000 feet, 18.iii.1913. Collected by Herbert C. Robinson's trained natives. In the Journ. Fed. Malay States Museums, xiii, 4, p. 216 (1927) Robinson says that S. s. omissa R. is indistinguishable from S. s. malayana Hart. He points out only that the coloration of the yellow underside fades very much and that therefore the colour of the under surface cannot be made a distinguishing character of a subspecies ; he might have added that also the colour of the upperside changes from yellowish brown to gi'ey. Therefore the colour differences described by Lord Rothschild do not really serve to distinguish his omissa, but the latter is smaller than malayana and has a smaller bill. Wings of our seven malayana 67-09, of our two omissa about 63-65 mm. S. s. malayana is much nearer to S. s. yunnanensis in size, but the yellow tips on the lateral rectrices are less wide in malayana. S. s. yunnanensis is very near to castaneicaiida from the Chin Hills. 1924. Lioptila robinsoni R. = Leioptila desgodinsi rohinsoni. Lioptila robinsoni RothscliUd. Xov. Zool. xxviii, p. 38 (1921 — South Annam). Type : ejus anomalus Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxviii, p. 116 (1921 — near Kano) ; Nov. Zool. xxxi, 1924, p. 32. Crateropus plebeius gularis Reichenow, Orn. Monatsher. 1910. p. 7 (Mba, .southern Adamana). Type: c? ^d., Farniso near Kano, 27.xii. 1919. Angus Buchanan coll. No. 100. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 219 Originally described from one specimen, afterwards, in 1924, admitted after receiving six more. Lynes, however, thinks that it is not separable from C. plebejus 2^lebeJ2is. I follow W. L. Sclater (in litt.) in uniting this form with Reichenow's gularis, but it is indeed very close to T. p. plebejus. 1929. Turdoides fulvus maroccanus Lynes = Turdoides fulvus maroccanvs. Turdoides fulvus maroccanus Lynes, Mem. Soc. Sci. Nal. Maroc, No. xiii, part 1, p. 49 (1925 — Taroudant, Sous). Type: $ ad., near Taroudant, 25. vi. 1924. Admiral Hubert Lynes coll. No. 628. 1930. lanthocincla caerulata latifrons R. = lanthodncla caerulata latifrons. lanthocincla caerulata latifrons Rothschikl, Nov. Zool. xxxiii, p. 266 (1926 — Shweli-Salwin Divide). Type: 3, forests of Shweli-Salwin Divide, 8,000 feet, July 1925. G. Forrest coll. No. 5982. Only a pair with imperfect tails known, more material therefore desirable. 1931. Pomatorhinus ruficollis similis R. = Pomatorhinus mficollis similis. Pomatorhinus rttficollis similis Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xxxiii, p. 261 ( 1926 — N.W. Yunnan : Tengyueh, Liohiang Range, Shweli-Salwin Divide). Type: (J, thickets on hills around Tengyueh, 7,000 feet, iii.1922. G. Forrest coll. No. 1391. This seems to be quite a recognizable subspecies nearest to baheri and perhaps albipectus from Szemao in South Yunnan, of which we have no specimens. 1932. Xiphirhynchus superciliaris forresti R. = Xiphorhamphus superciliaris forresti. Xiphirhynchus superciliaris forresti Rothschild, Nov. Zool. xxxiii, p. 262 (1926 — Shweli-Salwin Divide and hills N.W. of Tengyueh). Type : ?, Shweli-Salwin Divide, W. Yunnan, vii. 1925, in forest 10,000- 11,000 feet. G. Forrest coll. 1933. Melaenomis lugubris ugandae Som. = Melaenomis lugubris ugandae. Melaenornis lugubris ugandae van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 104 (1921 — Uganda and Kavi- rondo) ; Nov. Zool. 1922, p. 93. Type : cj ad., Sezibwa River, 16.x. 1915. Van Someren coll. The distribution of the Melaenornis forms as accepted by Dr. van Someren requires further confirmation. 1934. Empidomis semipartitus orleansi R. = Empidomis semipartitus orleansi. Empidornis semipartitus orleansi Rothschild, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 45 (1922 — " Upper Nile : Rejaf, Gondokoro, Nimule "). Type: cj ad., Rejaf, 20. ii. 1922. Due d'Orleans coll. This subspecies is obviously smaller than E. s. semipartitus, the wing of the type being 94 mm., and that of another Rejaf example (also marked (J) only 85 mm., while other Upper Nile examples have wings of 88-95 mm. E. semi- partitus semipartitus have wings of 85-89 mm. — thus not really smaller than 220 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. orlennsi — but the underside is paler. More material is desirable of E. s. semi- partitus to confirm its constancy. We had only four from southern Abyssinia collected by 0. Kovacz. 1935. Bradornis taraensis Som. = Bradornis griseus taruensis. Bradomis taruensis van Somcrcn, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 104 (1921 — " The thorn-bush country o{ the Taru : Maungu, Samburu, 8agala, Taveta, M'buyuni. Campi-ya-bibi "). Type: (J, Campi-ya-bibi, 3. vii. 1918. Van Someren coll. In Ibis, 1918, Sclater & Praed summarily dismissed the various races of B. griseus, a view to which they will hardly adhere. B. g. taruensis has a much smaller bill than the southern B. g. griseus, besides having a darker upperside ; B. g. jnimilus of Somaliland is much smaller than even taruensis and very pale. 1930. Bradornis murinus suahelicus Som. = Bradornis tnurinus suahelicus. Bradornis murinus suahelicus van Somcrcn, Bull. B.O. Club, xli, p. 104 {1921 — " Masindi, Entebbe, Kyetume, Elgon, and also Londiani, Kakamegoes, Nairobi, Kitai, and Sagala "). Type: $, Londiani, 12. xii. 1912. Van Someren coll. Although very much like B. m. murinus, it seems to me that Dr. van Someren's differences hold good. 1937. Alseonax caerulescens kikuyensis Som. = Alseonax caerulescens kilcuyensis. Alseonax caerulescens kikuyensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Vluh, xli, p. 102 (1921 — " Nairobi, Kyambu, in the Kikuyu Mountains ") ; Nov. Zool. 1922. p. 96. Type : ?, Kyambu Forest, 19.iii. 1916. Van Someren coll. 1938. Bias musicus changamwensis Som. = Bias nmsicus changamwensis. Bias musicals changamwensis van Someren, Bull. B.O. Club, xl, p. 24 (1919 — " C'oast-lands of British and German East Africa "). Types : (J$, Changamwe, near Mombasa, 21 .vii.1918. Van Someren coll. 1939. Bias musicus pallidiventris Som. = Bias musicus pallidiventris. Bias musicus jiallidiveniris van Someren, Bull. B.O. ( 'luh, xli, p. 102 (1921 — Angola to Tanganyika). Type : $, Cahoca in Angola, 23. xi. 1903. W. J. Ansorge coll. 1940. Diaphorophyia graueri silvae Hart. & Som. = Diaphorophyia graueri silvae. Diaphorophijia yraueri silvae Hartert & van Somcrcn, Bull. B.O. Club, xliii, p. 79 (1923 — Silwa, Kaimosi). Type : c? ^id., Silwa, Kaimosi, East Africa, 25. v. 1922. Collected by Dr. van Someren's native collector. 1941. Rhipidura dahli antonii Hart. = RMpidura dahli antonii. Rhipidura dahli antonii Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxxiii, p. 141 (1926 — New Ireland). Type : c? ad.. New Ireland, 18. 1 . 1924. A. F. Eichhorn coll. No. 8975. 1942. Rhipidura rufifrons granti Hart. = R. rufifrons granti. Rhipidura ru/ifrons ijranii Hartert, Bull. B.O. Club, xxxviii. p. 60 (191S — Hendova, Gizo, Vclla Lavella, and Kulambangra Islands, central group of Solomon Islands). Type : . Saxicola torquata graecorum Laubmann. Das Schvvarzkchlclien ist ein sehr haufiger Standvogel auf alien Inseln. in der Ebene wic ira Gebirge. Die Brut beginnt bereits im Marz (vergl a. die anderen Autoren). Ich muss hier auf einige beschriebene Fornien der Art etvvas ausfiihrlicher eingehen. Dass insularis Parrot von den tyrrhenischen Inseln sich weder in der Farbung noch in den Maassen von der Nominatform unterscheiden lasst, daher als .Sj-nonii m zu gelten hat, diirfte jetzt wohl von alien Autoren anerkannt werden. — Nun wurden neuerdings zwei weitere Formen beschrieben : Blanchet trennte das Schwarzkehlchen von Tunesien unter dem Namen Saxicola torquata desfontainesi in der Revue Frunr^aise (fOrnithologie. ix, pp. 277-8, 1925, ab auf Grund abweichender Farbung in alien Kleidern (Niiheres s. Originalbeschreibung) und grosserer Maasse : Fliigellange 66-9, Schnabel 12-13 mm. ; iu letzterem Merkmal bestehe ein durchschnittlicher Unterschied von 1 mm. Zu dieser Subspecies gehorten nach ihm wahrscheinlich alle Schwarzkehlchen von N.W. Afrika, vielleicht bis Marrocco. Sie gliche der insularis, sei aber grosser. — Kartert {Mem. Soc.Sc. Nat. duMaroc, 1926, p. 18) bezweifelt einen Farbungsunter- schied, erkennt die Form aber wegen um i mm langeren Schnabel an, wahrend er eine Differenz der Fliigellange (65-9, sogar bis 70) auch nicht sehen kann- Er rechnet dazu die Vogel von Tunesien, Nordalgerien und Marocco, vielleicht gehorten dazu aber auch die der Pityusen, die auch den langeren Schnabel besas- sen. — Kleinschmidt schreibt in Falco, 1927, p. 7, dass desfontainesi auch auf Sardien vorkomme, man miisse einheimische Vogel und VVintergaste natiirlich auseinanderhalten, desf. habe auch im Winter langeren Schnabel. Ferner beschrieb Laubmami (Verhdlgn. Ornith. Oes. Bayern, 1927, p. 351) das griechische Schwarzkehlchen unter dem Namen Saxicola torquata graecorum subsp. nov. (Typus : Korfu, (J 5.x. 25) wegen geringerer Fliigellange; ihm vorliegendes Material aus Griechenland messe 63, 64 und 64,5 mm., ein Unter- schied, auf den schon Reiser, Parrot und Stresemann aufmerksam gemacht haben. Ich habe auf diese Beschreibungen hin nun mein grosses Material balearischer Brutvogel (27 nebst 2 von Ibiza) genauest an Hand grosser Serien verglichen : Es ergaben sich k e i n e r 1 e i Farbungsdifferenzen zwischen vergleichbaren Individucn, die individuelle Variation der Tonung und der Ausdehnung der verschiedenen Farbungscentren ist betrachUch aber bei alien Populationen gleich. Mir schien dies erst bei den n.w. afrikanischen anders und der Beschrei- bung von Blanchet entsprechend zu sein, doch besteht hier die Differenz lediglich NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 281 darin, dass die Exemplare aus dieser Gegend friiher abgerieben und daher schon im Marz z.B. oberseits fast einfarbig schwarz sind, wahreiid dieser Abreibungs- proce.ss entsprechend den spateren Brutzeiten je nordliclier desto spater dieses Ausmass erreicht ; nordeuropiiische Vogel sehen erst im Juni so aus, aber dann schwindet jeder Unterschied aller Federpartieen der Ober- wie Unterseite ; natiirlicli darf man nur gleichaltrige Exemplare vergleichen und solche gleicher Punkte der Variationsreihe. Nun die Maasse ; Nordeuropaische maas ich mit 64-70 mm. Fliigellange und 10-12 mm. Schnabellange ; solche aus Slavonien, Dalmatian, Hercegovina, Rumaenien, Italien (diese ohne Differenzen untereinander) mit 64-68 bezw. 10-12. Bei dem Typus von graecortim (VVintervogel !) 65, bei einem Brutvogel von Korfu 66, bei weiteren drei Griechen 65-67 bezw. 10-11. Stresemann gibt in seiner Avifauna Macedonica die Maasse von 53 macedonischen Stiicken mit cJ 62-69, $ 62-66 an. — Ich habe bei dem ausserordentlich umfangreichen Material, das ich untersuchen konnte, niemals eine Fliigellange mit weniger als 64 mm. gemessen ; ol) die geringer angegebenen Maasse wiiklich von ausgemauserten Exemplaren stammen ? ! Wenn Letzteres nicht der Fall sein soUte, konnte ich die Form graecorum nicht anerkennen, ich mochte deren Berechtigung zwar so nicht in Abrede stellen aber sie wohl fraglich oder unentschieden lassen. — Ich mass ferner eine Serie von 14 Corsikanern mit 65-68 bezw. 10-1 1'S, zehn Sardinier mit 64-67 (vergl. graecorum \) bezw. 10-12 (also nicht '' desfontainesi"), 27 Balearen mit 66-70 bezw. 10-125, die 2 Ibizaner, 66, 67 bezw. 11, 12. Nun noch die N.W. Afrikaner : C'otypus von desfontainesi und 7 weitere 65-70 bezw. 10-12'5 Algerier (Brutzeit) 68-70 bezw. 11-13 (i x), ferner 3 Maroccaner 65-67 bezw. 11-12; ausserdem eine Anzahl Wintervogel mit 65-69, bezw. 10-12. — In den Fliigel- maassen vermag ich mit Hartert keinen konstanten Unterschied festzustellen ; was die Schnabelliingen angeht, so muss ich zunachst darauf hinweisen, dass hier sehr ungleich grosses Material gegeniibersteht ; wahrend bei alien iibrigen das Extrem von 12 mm. verhaltnismassig selten ist, komnit es bei sicheren Brutvogeln aus Tunesien und Algerien verhaltnismassig (geringes Material !) oft vor, und ich fand hier nur einmal 10 aber dafiir auch einmal 13 mm. — Es ist unbedingt grosseres Brutmaterial aus N.W. Afrika notig, um sagen zu konnen, ob tatsachlich hier der um J-l mm (!) liingere Schnabel typisch ist und, wenn das der Fall sein soUte, so mag es dem Einzelnen iiberlassen bleiben, ob er glaubt, dass deswegen eine Population einen eigenen Namen bekommen soil, oder, was dasselbe heisst, ob diese Feststellung unsere Erkenntnis irgendwie fordert. Phoenicurus phoenicuras phoenicurus (L.). In meiner ersten Arbeit schrieb ich vom Gartenrotschwanz : " Er briitet wohl iiberall in den Olivenhainen, aber nur vereinzelt ; auf Menorca ist er gleich- falls Brutvogel (Ponseti),'" 1921 dagegen liielt ich die Brutangabe fiir einen Irrtum, wenn auch " vielleicht ganz vereinzelt ein Paar zur Brut schreiten mag, aber weder Munn noch ich konnten dies feststellen " ; auch 1927 sagt Munn (Cham- berlin, p. 156), er habe zur Brutzeit nie ein Exemplar gesehen, wahrend er zur Zugzeit haufig sei. In der letzten Dekade Marz beginnt der Zug langsam und die letzten sah ich am 2. bezw. 4., bezw. 11. bezw. 20. Mai, der Hauptdurclizug ist in der ersten Halfte des April, zuerst fast nur Mannchen, dann beide Gesch- lechter und zuletzt nur oder doch fast nur mehr Weibchen. — Wahrend ich die beiden anderen Male, wie gesagt, die letzten in den ersten Tagen des Mai beo- 282 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. bachtete, war diesmal noch am 11. auf der Cabrera ein recht starker Zug, aber auch niir an dieseni eii en Tage. Ferner sah ich am 20. v. 27 und tagsdarauf an derselben Stelle in altem Laubwald ein (J, das sich ganz wie ein Brutvogel benahm, ohne dass ich aber damit in denselben Fehler fallen, und sein tatsach- liche.s Briiten damit als erwiesen ansehen will, zumal ich spiiter nicht mehr in diese Gegend kam. — Ein Brutnachweis ist nicht erbracht, doch halte ich ein ganz vereinzeltes Briiten fiir nicht unwahrscheinlich. Phoenicuras ochruros ater (Br.). Der Hausrotschwanz ist auf alien Inseln ein sehr haufiger Durchziigler und soil sich auch den Winter iiber hier aufhalten, jedoch briitet er nicht im Gebiete. Luscinia megarhynchos luscinioides Jordans. Die Nachtigall ist in der von mir beschriebenen Form (vergl. Falco, 1923, p. 3, und Vogelf. II) ein ungemein verbreiteter Brutvogel aller Inseln ein- schliesslich der Pityusen — wenig- stens Ibizas, wilhrend wir auf Formentera nur wenige sahen. — Ich sammelte noch einige weitere Exemplare, so dass mir jetzt iiber 30 vorliegen. Die Fliigellange geht von 80-S7 mm. beim ^J. Die Nachtigall trifft Anfang April em. — Die Nominatform wird zweifellos auch hier durchziehen, dooh liegen keine Belegstiicke vor. — Ponseti behauptet, dass auch der Sprosser {L^tscinia luscinia L.) in Menorca durchziehe, doch wird er von niemand sonst erwahnt und ich bezweifle die Richtigkeit der Angabe. Die beigefiigten Zeichnungen, die mir liebenswiirdigerweise Herr Pastor Dr. Kleinschmidt anfertigte, zeigen die merkwiirdigen Schwingenver- haltnisse der balearischen Nachtigall gegeniiber denen der Nominatform und des Sprossers (vergl. hierzu Vogelf. II, p. 163). M 12 3 4 1. Luscinia luscinia (L.) ^ 30.5. Oland. 2. 13.6.1908. Oland. Maximum. 3. Luscinia megarhynchos megarhynchos, "' ^SS'K^Sx'J^m^ ^^^^BmSS^Sf^^^^L^w^^^^ ' ^ - 1 it!''-'. lb. FIG. 3.— (J IIOUBARA BU.STARD SHOT OX WAT TO BOU-SAADA. the first time in 1909. Not very far from Zaatcha the road — which is rather bad in places — ascends the mountains and affords beautiful views. From the summit of the pass towards Bou Saada one passes over a treeless plateau on which Bustards (Chlamydotis undulata undulata) and Dorcas Gazelles are found. It would have been interesting to explore this plateau, but our time was too short. As it was, we reached Bou Saada in the dark, but found quite com- fortable rooms in one of the less pretentious hotels, avoiding as usual the large and splendid but expensive hotel Transatlantique. Bou Saada is picturesquely situated on terraces above the Oued Bou Saada, which runs into the Chott-el- Hodna. with fine palm gardens, and not far from an extended group of high sand dunes which, so far away from the real Sahara, have, of course, some of the desert plants and creatures, but not all. In fact, in the one day we were able to spend at Bou Saada we saw none of the real desert birds peculiar to the Saharan dunes ; we shot a pale form of the theklae group of Crested Larks (see list). In the river-bed were numerous House Martins, but probably still on migration. 342 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. On April 8 we left Bou Saada with regrets. The good road passes over the most tj'pical Algerian Haut Plateau, with much Artemisia herba-alba. Birds were fau'ly numerous. Except Crested Larks — no cristaia observed — we saw numerous Melanocorypha calandra rnlandra, Ammomanes deserti algerien^is, I heard and Turtle shot Chersophilus dujjonti duponti, Diplootocus moiissieri were not rare in places, Oenanthe hispanica hispanica were seen, a flock of Black-bellied Sandgrouse (Pt erodes orienfalis L.), and the usual Waders on a little swamp, including Himantopiis. Somewhere along this road Monsieur d'Abadie (whom we had met already in Tunisia, and whom we saw again en passant at luncheon in Djelfa) had shot Eremophila alpestris bilopha, which we did not observe. In Djelfa we stopped for luncheon in the old hotel, and then proceeded to Berrouaghia, where we arrived rather late in the dark. We were warned that Boghari was rather full of bugs, and so did not stop there as we had intended, and also because we did not care to arrive too late at Alger the next day, as the continually winding road up to the nearly 1,000 m. takes a rather long time and is tiring for the driver. We passed the cliffs south of Boghari, where in Loche's time and recently Comatibis eremita nested, but apparently the little colony was not frequented in 1927. We could not devote much time to the exploration of these rocks, but Mr. Jourdain visited them also a bit later and found not a single bird there, though he explored them well. In Alger we visited our old friend Dr. Nissen, and witnessed the tail-end of the violent gale which did so much damage along the western part of the north coast of Africa Minor, especially at Melilla, where quite a number of ships were lost. Here Mr. Turtle left us, to our regret, as he had to go back to Cam- bridge. April 12 Hachisuka and I left Alger by the western road, which runs close to the sea-shore as far as Tenes and offers many beautiful views. The gale had abated and it was a magnificent day. The country contains vineyards, fields and woods of Aleppo pines, which were full of Fringilla coelebs africana Lev., but no specially remarkable birds were observed. In Orleansville House Martins nested in numbers, all on one building opposite the hotel in which we passed the night. They were already building their nests, of which I counted between thirty and forty. Sparrows took possession of barely finished nests. Black Swifts only were seen, as before in Alger — where in 1908 and 1909 Pallid Swifts nested also, though in smaller numbers — and later on in Mascara. April 14 we had an easy run over good roads to Mascara, over Haut Plateau country, though not steppe, but fertile, mostly cultivated land with many vine- yards and olive gardens, especially in the plain of Egris, where the beautiful Mascara wines come from, which are perhaps the best of Algeria. As no train was running next day we had to stay the whole of it in Mascara, which, not- withstanding a comfortable hotel, was somewhat wasted, as the agricultural plain did not contain many desirable birds. Chaffinches, Goldfinches, Green- finches, and Passer domesticus (P. hispaniolensis was not observed) were common, Stonechats and Red-headed Shrikes were seen, Oenanthe hispanica rather frequent in the vineyards (? nesting there), and in a small gorge Athene noctua glaux was shot by Hachisuka. We went by the slow but fairly comfortable train down to Colomb Bechar, as we were strongly advised not to risk the car on the bad and sandy roads. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 343 Leaving Ain-Sefra the railway goes round the Djebel Mekter, in a semi- circle, through fine scenery, and then enters a seemingly endless plain. The vege- tation gets poorer and poorer, the aspect more and more desert-like. Near Beni-Ounif, the Algerian settlement south of Figuig in Marocco, the peculiar little hillocks of Anabasis aretioides become visible, and farther south are some- times almost the only plants seen from the train for long distances ; they vary in size from small bolsters of the size of a fist to others of three and even sometimes four feet across. Even small plants are almost impossible to pull up, as the roots extend very deep. In other places Artemisia herba-alba abounds, but the monotony is often relieved by river-valleys, in which grow the fresh-looking green " Harmal," Peganum haniialn L., Zizyphus bushes, and now and then an Pig. 4.— LAKGE PLAXT of anabasis aretioides, SlIALLEE OSES D." THE DISTANCE. isolated Terebinth tree, or an oasis with date-palms. On the whole the farther south the more bare and dry, desert-like the country became. Colomb Bechar, in the south-westernmost comer of Algeria, but more Maroccan than Algerian, is quite a desert town. The surroundings are bare and desert-like, the native villages, mostly in date-palm groves along the river-bed, are picturesque, and fine sand dunes extend some distance to the south. The surroimding mountains are bare and rocky. The resident bird population is not rich. In the town were a few, in the palm groves plenty, of House Sparrows, but no sign of any hispaniolensis, a few House Martins were seen, probably nesting, but no nests found. Sand Martins in the river-bed — possibly nesting somewhere on the river bank, but more likely stUl on migration. The testes were still small. Corvus corax once seen, probably ruficollis. Upupa epops several. Emberiza striolata saliari in the town. Carduelis carduelis africana and Erythrospiza githaginea (once) seen in gardens and on the river. Hachisuka shot one Crested Lark, Qalerida cristata macrorhyncha, but no others were observed. Alaemon alaudipes was once seen south of the town, but not obtained. Oenanthe deserti was not rare in the desert, Oenanthe leucopyga inhabits the bare "''** NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. rocks. Falco biarmicus erlangeri, Fako tinnuncuhis. Gyps fnlvn^, and Neophron percnopterun near the towii. Ammomanes phoenicurus arenicolor were seen commonly, but still in llock.s, testes and ovaries still small, in plain and on sand-covered rocks. Ammomanes deserti payni, judging from size of sexual organs, already nesting, or short time before laying. Hachisuka saw Cursorius, in the river-bed a pair of Storks. Swallows were numerous. In spite of the late date (April 17 and 18) migrants were still numerous, flocks of 20-30 of CalandreUa hrachydactyla, quite a number of Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe, flocks of Motacilla flava flavn on and among the sheep in the river-bed, several Motacilla alba alba. Phylloscopiis trochihis in the gardens of the oasis, Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus common in the gardens. Sand Martins in the river-bed, Hachisuka saw two species of waders, which, however, were not identified. The stay in C'olomb Bechar was not over pleasant, the hotel being not very good, tlie rooms smelly of leaking acetylene-gas pipes (fortimately the weather was hot and one could open windows and doors), the service — during the Easter holidays — poor. Nevertheless, we regretted that we could not stay longer, as longer excursions, with the help of cars or horses even, might have been very interesting. On April 19 we took the train ])ack northwards as far as Beni-Ounif. This we found a pleasant place, there being the choice of the excellent but expensive Hotel Transatlantique and two other, less pretentious, but comfortable and quiet hotels. The ornis was, however, hardly any less poor than at Colomb Bechar. On the way there, north of Colomb Bechar, I observed from the train flocks of Merops persicus chrysocercus, Emberiza striolata sahari, and twice Houbara Bustards (Chlamydotis undulafa undulata). French officers in the train told us that the " Poule de Carthage," Otis tetrax tetrax L., was not at all rare east of Colomb Bechar, along the Oued Sousfana and in the steppes there- abouts. As they gave a recognisable description and said they knew the Houbara as well, there must be some truth in this, but it seems strange that this Bustard should occur so far south, though it is well known in West Marocco. At Beni-Omiif House Sparrows, Swallows, and a few Martins were seen in the place, Corvus corax (apparently ruficollis) in the distance, Neojihron percnop- terus, Ammomanes deserti payni, Ammonmnes plwen. arenicolor, where there were Zizyphus a few Grey Shrikes {Lanius e. elegant), a flock of Cursorius cursor cursor. There were still a good many migrants : Phylloscopi (mostly trochilus), ^^ Musci- capa luctuosa luctuosa, CalandreUa brachydactyla, Oenayithe oenanthe oenanthe, Phoenicurus j^hoenicurus phoenictirus. A delightful excursion is to the Berber town of Figuig in Marocco. This is a large oasis of over 15,000 inhabitants, and beautifully situated on a steep hill, the whole place surrounded by crenellated walls and full of fine gardens with tall date-palms and other fruit-trees. The houses are often built in two stories, as I have only seen them in the villages of the Great Atlas in Marocco, but not usually in the more northern parts of Marocco. In the palm gardens we looked in vain for Streptopelia senegalensis plwenicophila, the palm Dove so well known from the northern Algerian Sahara, while Turtle Doves were com- mon. The people in the oasis were very friendly though not at all cheeky. In one of the gardens we saw a Great Tit, but could not shoot it. On a building in the outskirts I saw an Oenanthe leucura .syenitica at close quarters and we NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 345 observed Merops apiaster and several Merops persicus chrysocercus, of which I had never seen a specimen in West Algeria or from Marocco. Passer dome-sticus tingitanus and Emberiza striolata sahari were common. Near Beni-Ounif migrants were still observed : Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus, Phylloscopus, Pied Flycatchers, as late as April 22. From Beni-Ounif we continued our journey northwards to Ain-Sefra. We foimd hotel accommodation worse than in 1913. Birds were less numerous, probably on account of the drought. Two days diligent search in the well-known localities did not reveal Rhamphocorys clot-bey, nor did the Rev. F. C. R. Jourdain Flu. 5.— STORKS UN OLD WALL OF EL-HAJEB. find it there ! Oenanthe deserti and Erythrospiza githaginea were present, but less numerous, both species of Arnmomanes, Scotocerca, Oeiianthe rnoesta were found. Of the latter Hachisuka shot a male, while I have neither note nor recollection of having seen it in 1913 at Am-Sefra. Also Ravens, obviously C. c. tingitanus, were seen several times, though in 1913 we never observed a single one. From Ain-Sefra we returned to Mascara, thence we motored to Sidi-bel- Abbes, where we passed a comfortable night. Sidi-bel-Abbes, known as the headquarters of a regiment of the Foreign Legion, is a town of about 38,000 inhabitants, and is situated in one of the most fertile plains of Algeria. For an 346 NOVITATES ZoOLOGtCAE XXXIV. 1928. ornithologist the surroundings are even less interesting than those of Mascara, as they are mostly fields of wheat, also fruit-gardens and vineyards. From this town we motored to Oudjda crossing the Maroccan frontier soon after Lalla Manila, where there was the usual dela}' at the customs house, though we were very considerately treated. At Tlemcen we enjoyed the beautiful scenery and had luncheon in the excellently situated Transatlantique Hotel outside the town. West of Oudjda the country became drier — we entered what I called (cf. Nov. ZooL. xxxiv, 1927, p. 4G) the " Desert Wedge," i.e. hammada-like eomitry with very few trees. The end of this '' wedge " reaches right up to north of Guercif, and a little west of Guercif occurs Oenanthe moesta moesta, of which Hachisuka shot a young of the year. West of Oujda I shot two Galerida cristata of very different aspect, one being much darker than the other (see list). FIO. 6.— OLD WALL OF EL-HAJEB WITH HOLES IN WHICH NEST FALCO -VJ CJ/J.V.Y/ AND HOLLERS. The Angad plain I fomid more cultivated, with more corn growing, than in 1913, when we visited the eastern parts of it. After passing the Moulouya at Guersif and two little affluents to the latter, a change was very obvious, as we entered more fertile country again, when we saw the first river flowing westwards, a tributary of the Oued Sebou, which enters the Atlantic Ocean near Mehedia — we had entered the West Maroccan zone ! After a number of mishaps to the car we reached the wonderful city of Fez (Fes) after eight o'clock in the evening and found comfortable quarters in the Hotel Transatlantique. It is not here the place to describe this most interest- ing and peculiar Maroccan town of far over 100,000 inhabitants. Of birds we observed great numbers of Alpine Swifts — of the dark form (see list), only Black Common Swifts, and a few Lesser Kestrels. On April 29 we went to Meknes, visited General Freydenberg, and proceeded to El-Hajeb, on the north-western slopes of the Middle Atlas. Besides the small colony of Cornatibis eremiia, dis- NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. 347 covered by Bede near this picturesque little place, there is a bigger one near by. We could not reach the nests, nor could we get any boy to climb up, because everybody attended the great " fantasia," in the plains ; great numbers of natives assembled there, thousands of shots were fired for several days, singing and furious riding, feasting, etc., so no native help could be obtained. On the old walls of El-Hajeb Storks nested in numbers, and in the holes numerous Lesser Kestrels and Rollers. From El-Hajeb we returned after a couple of days to Meknes and thence to Rabat, where we saw our old friends again, and fetched Frederick Young from Casablanca on May 4. On May 5 we visited again the swamp at the mouth of the Bou Reg-reg, where Circus pygargus nest, and again I found Asia capensis tingitanus and f" 7Bff Tizj ; OUJDII '" ULCER 118Q .lilt » Oil. Fin. 7.— SIGNPOST ON KOADS IN WKSTKllN I'HENCII MAIMIC'L'O, VISIBLE FROM FAR. Cisticola and saw half a dozen Numenius arquatus arqiiatus. On May 6 we travelled down to Marrakesh. In the Rehamna, not very far north of Marrakesh, we saw some Cursorius, but more were observed m June, when returning for the second time from Marrakesh. The Short-toed Larks in the Rehamna plain, which we formerly thought were CalandreUa rnfescens minor, seemed all to be C. brachydactyla hermonensis, at least those we shot belonged to the latter. We had some delay at Casablanca, an iminteresting city for a naturalist, where, however, the excellent restaurant called " Le Roi des Bieres " is a redeeming factor. The main roads (not of course the side-tracks or " pistes ") are very good in Marocco, even better than most of them in Algeria, and they are marked with very practical and conspicuous " signposts." At Marrakesh the weather was glorious and not yet too hot. We spent three days there and collected in the immediate neighbourhood and on the Tensift River. The birds were of course the same as in 1925 (see Mem. Soc. 8c. Nat. Maroc, No. XVL p- 4, 1927), but quite a number of Miiscicapa striata 348 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. and Sylvia borin were apparently still on migration. On the Tensift River several Kingfishers were seen. Near Marrakesh the rare Polyommatus phoebus, of which we saw onlj' a few in 1925, was common in certain places, and for the first time I observed and caught Euchloe cJuirlonia in this part of Marocco. Via Rabat we went to Ouldjet-es-Soltane on the Upper Oued Beth, where we were kindly put up by the garde forestier, Monsieur Azam. I had been told that Guinea-fowls were common, but they were far away, and in spite of several long rides on excellent horses we did not see a single one, though I heard one from a distance, and Berbers brought in two damaged specimens, and I got a beautiful clutch of eggs. The omis of this part is rather rich. The first evening a heavy thunderstorm raged, so that for several days we could not cross the river. Circaetus and Neophron were seen every day, Alectoris barbara and Turtle-doves were common, Hachisuka shot in the twilight both Caprimulgus ruficoliis ruficollis and europaeus meridionalis, Cuckoos were present, and lots of common birds. There were not so many Butterflies as I would liave expected, but both species of Gonejiteryx were seen. There was only observed one species of Parus, i.e. major ; the woods consisted mostly of Callitris articulaia (Vahl.) Murb. (so named by Professor Maire),' and there were neither Cedars nor Oaks. The valley where Ouldjet-es-Soltane lies is very fertile, the com was just being cut. A nasty kind of burr penetrated trousers and irritated legs. Of remarkable plants Ephedra altissima Desf. and Asparagus altissimus may be mentioned. The migratory European birds had passed through, but Oenanihe oenanthe oenanthe was still obtained. One day we had dinner, lasting about two hours and a half, in a Berber tent, consisting of a number of dishes of mutton, the usual euscus, and a kuid of pancake, all very fat, and we had to drink seven glasses of very sweet mint-tea and dirty river water. On May 18 we returned to Rabat, having luncheon with our friends the Poussiers in Khemisset, and enjoying their beautifully laid-out gardens with a wealth of flowers, vegetables, and fruit. While the mam road from Meknes to Rabat, and most main roads in Marocco are excellent, the " piste '" to Ouldjet-es-Soltane was bad and often dangerous, but our friend Hachisuka managed it with the greatest skill and sang froid. Mr. Hachisuka was obliged to return to Europe and left us, via Tanger. In Rabat were this year several pairs of Hirundo daurica riifida, but the old nest I saw in 1925 was forsaken, though much enlarged again, having been used for three years. May 23 Young and I went up again to El-Hajeb. Between Khemisset and the Oued Beth both of us clearly saw (not very far from the Oued Beth Valley) a Merops persicus chrysocercus sitting on a telegraph wire. On the wonderful cliffs near El-Hajeb, where the Comatibis nest. Blue Rook Thrushes were not rare, there were also several pairs of Oenanthe leucura syeni- tica, and on the plains theklae Crested Larks. On May 23 I saw an Aquila chrysaetos, but on May 24 a pair of Eagles were observed, which, judging from the rich, almost orange-coloured underside, seemed to be Aquila heliaca adalberti ! At least, I do not know what else they were ; they could certainly not have been Aquila rapax ! Unfortunately they were flying far and high, and on all the 1 The plants of which I brought liorae samples were kindly named by Professor Maire in Alger, to whom my sincerest thanks are due. NoviTATEs Zoological XXXIV. 1928. 349 subsequent days I did not see them again. On the 28th two Anthropoides virgo flew past El-Hajeb, calling loudly, in the direction of Meknes. I also saw a skin of ^4. virgo shot near Ain-Leuh by the Commandant, Monsieur Ayard. The weather was fine ; the abundance of water caused this part of the country to look much fresher than the plains, and it was less hot than, for example, at Meknes ; the nights, in fact, were sometimes quite cool, and there was heavy dew in the mornings. Many flowers adorned the rocks, among which Bellardia trixago var. flaviflora (Rouy) Maire, Spergularia longipes Lange and others seemed to me peculiar. On the 30th we returned once more to Rabat. Passing through the forest of Mamora, we were pleased to see it nearly all green, only here and there, and FIG. 8.— ROCKS WHBBB COMATIBIS NEST PROM DISTANCE. in one limited place many oak-trees being defoliated by the caterpillars of Porthetria dispar, while in 1924, at the same time of the year, nearly every oak- tree I saw was bare. On June 2 we rode down again to Marrakesh in a C.T.M. car. We left Rabat at 10, arrived Casablanca at 12, left Casablanca at 1.30, and arrived in Marrakesh at 7.15 in the evening. North of Marrakesh we saw a number of Cursorius. I wanted to visit Telouet, the Pasha of the Glaoui's place, but did not get permission to do so, because smallpox and typhoid had broken out there. I went, however, into the Great Atlas, south-east of Marrakesh, up the valley of the Oued Rdat. Passing the (then) highest mihtary poste of Areg-n-Anon (or simply called Areg), we met Lieutenant Olive, who most kindly assisted us by sending a bed, blankets, and sheets, so that we could stay in a large tent with a wooden floor by the river under the village of Taddert, 1,650 m. high. We got good food in the " cantine " at Taddert, only about ten minutes away, though we had to cross the river on not too convenient stepping-stones, and to climb up or slide down a steep stony slope with loose slabs of stone. 24 350 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. Monsieur Dereims, the cantinier, cooked as well for us as it could be possible in this isolated spot, but unfortunately our tent was alive ^^■itll many hundreds of fleas, not to mention an occasional, nasty, but quite rare flat and smelly insect, to relieve the monotony of the coimtless " fathers of the jump," which seem to swarm all over the Great Atlas in the summer months. This part of the Atlas is not wooded, only in one spot farther down we passed a thin wood of Oaks. The road in the valley of the Rdat runs with the river and the slopes on both sides are usually steep and bare, only in some side valleys were little tributaries come down, but are mostly dry in summer, one sees some junipers. The wild vegetation was fairly rich, high bushes of Retama dasycarpa Coss. em. Maire being very numerous, also Adenocarp'tis anagyrijolius var. leiocarpiis R. Lit. et FlO. 9.— ON SIDK OF ROAD IN THE liUAT VALLEY, TO .SHOW STEEP SIDE;?, Maire, which from a distance reminds one of the Cytisiis ballamlieri of the Middle Atlas. The villages have many old Walnut trees of often enormous size and stems sometimes several metres thick. Many are damaged by wind or lightning and have grown in strange shapes. Unfortunately at Taddert there would be no Walnut this year, as a late frost had destroyed all young fruit, but at Areg, 220 m. deeper down, they were not touched. The scenery is l)eautiful, mountains towering high on either side, and the weather was perfect. There were, however, not very many birds, and no rare species. Though the river seemed to be ideal for them, there are no Cinclus in the valley, but one saw now and then a Grey Wagtail or two (MotaciUa cinerea (boarula)). There were no Sparrows and no Sahara- (or House-) Buntings (Emberiza slriolaUt sahari) in the villages. Among the Walnut trees lived a few Fringilla coelebs ajricana. Goldfinches, very few Parus major lynesi, some Muscicapa striata, and one pair of Serinus, a few Coracias garrulus. Once in the evening a Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis flew along the village road, and sometimes Kestrels were seen. On the mountains one saw NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 351 Buteo rufinus cirtensis, Milvus migrans, Neojihron and Ravens, by the river a few Nightingales and Blackbirds. On the roclcs above the road nested Diplootocus moussieri and Oenanthe leucura, while a dog that used to accompany us put up several times some Alectoris barbara barbara. On June 10 I accompanied Lieutenant Olive on a ride to the Tizi N' Tichka, 2,425 m. high, often along steejj mountain-sides with wonderful scenery. We passed a very high waterfall with very little water, which earlier in the year must be a magnificent sight. The Tizi N' Tichka is a pass over a pleasant grass-covered plateau with a splendid view all round, but specially of the 3,575 m. high Djebel Aouldjidit or Bou Ourioul, still with extensive patches of snow. The Tizi N' Tichka is on the watershed between the streams flowing FIO. 10.— TIZI K'TICHKA PASS AND DJEBEL EOU OUEIOUL. northwards towards the Rdat, and those running southwards to the upper reaches of the almost unknowai and legendary Oued Dra ! The Tizi is only 12 km. in a straight line, and 26 km. by the road, from Telouet, the mediaeval castle of the powerful Pasha of the Glaoui. Over the Tizi I saw a large flock of Red-billed Chough, Pyrrhocorax pijrrJiocarax, but no other remarkable birds. The vegetation differed a great deal from that of Taddert, which is about 770 m. lower. Instead of the Retatna dasycarpa Coss. em. Maire, common near Taddert, I found golden yellow bushes of Genista florida var. vmroccana Ball, and, to my great surprise, Artemisia herba-alba, a plant of the Haut Plateaux of Algeria, but not of the mountains above 2,000 m., I thought. Other plants of the Tizi N' Tichka were Olaucium corniculatum Curt., Campanula filicaulis Dur. = C. maroccana Ball, Papaver atlanticum, (Ball), Orchis data Poiret, Helianthemum glaucum Pers., Dianthus caryophyllus virgineus R. et F. var. godronianus Briq., Armeria allioides Boiss., the very pretty Mentha gattefossei Maire, Pterocephalus depressus Coss., Thymus satureioides var. j)s&^'do'niastictina Ball, but my time — S52 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. a few hours ! — \va.s too short to make any adequate collection ! It is strange that the number of Lepidoptera was not greater ! There were some species in fair numbers in the valley of the Rdat, but nothing very wonderful. On the Tizi N' Tichka it was probably too early ; I caught, of course, what I could, and obtained one single Zygaena, while there were none found at Taddert, not- withstanding most diligent search. I saw also a form of Satyrus uhdelkader — a single individual — but could not catch it as it flew dowii an awe-inspiring steep cliff of several himdred metres. Also near Taddert, i 1,700 m., the Butterflies were not remarkable for the number of .species, and apparently some of the rarest forms were not yet out — in fact Lieut. OUve wrote me that in August they were much more numerous. On the Reiama dasycarpa the caterpillars of Apopestes spectrum Esp. were exceedingly common, in all sizes, also a large species of a Cicada, very very numerous, and when one touched a bush they flew off with a loud lattling noise. Several species of large Buprestidae occurred, one of them a rare one, restricted, my friend Thery tells me, to the Great Atlas. On June 12 we returned to Marrakesh and spent the 13th catching butter- flies. Palyommatus phoebus was still in existence, but specimens were getting worn. Though I measured at 6 p.m. only 30° C. it was very close, the sun not appearing before 10 a.m. The vegetation in the open was fast drying up, but in the new gardens many flowers were in bloom, among which I particularly admired the introduced foreign Jacaranda m.imosijolia and Parkinsonia aculeata. On June 14 motored again into the Great Atlas, through a fine river-valley to Tagadirt-N' Bour. This valley too had very steep sides, hardly any butterflies were seen, and bird-life consisted only of the forms known to me. Over the village (kasbah) we saw a Oypaetos, apparently two years old, and near by some Blue Rock Thrushes. The room we were told we could get at the Sheik's place was occupied by a French painter, and no other decent place was available. While we had tea with the son of the Sheik, in a hole not fit for human beings, fleas ran up our legs and the smell of goats and worse things was abommable. So we returned to the region of Asni, almost opposite, on the other side of the river, to Asselda, where we stayed in 1925, and found rooms in a new, very modest, but decent hotel, the " Asni Hotel." The Berbers were just cutting their corn, and the population was mostly out in the fields. Great flocks of Wood Pigeons, Rock Doves, and Stock Doves fell into the fields to eat the corn — as there were no woods with suitable nesting- places, the Stock Doves must have come from far away. Also Buhulcus ibis came to the river, a big flock, but they are said to occur there only rarely. Young of the year of Muscicapa striata, Motacilla alba subpersonata, Oenanthe hispanica, Diplootocus moussieri, Stonechats, and other common birds were observed, but nothing very remarkable, nor anything wonderful in butterflies, while no moths came to the light. June 17 returned to Marrakesh, where we found it rather hot. I don't think the thermometer went above 33° C, but we missed the fresh momitain air of the Atlas. The drive to the coast, to Casablanca and Rabat was also hot, and so was Rabat. From Rabat we returned to Gibraltar, and from there to England. Thus ended another most interesting and pleasant tour in Africa Minor, the land which I love. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 353 NOTES ON CERTAIN BIRDS COLLECTED AND OBSERVED. Corvus corax tingitanus Irby. At Ain-Sefra in West Algeria Ravens were not rare, while in 1913 we never saw one there. Ravens observed at Colomb Bechar and Beni Oimif were probably C. c. ruficollis. Pica pica mauritanica Malh. Not rare on the Upper Oued Beth, near Ouldjet-es-Soltane. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pontifex Stres. (?). It is strange that the Chough has not been recorded from Tunisia since Salwin's visit there, but Monsieur Blanchet has recently had information about the prolsable occurrence in North-West Tunisia, near the Algerian frontier. In the Great Atlas I have only once seen a flock, and that was on June 10, at 2,400 m. on the Tizi-N-Tichka, when a large flock was seen high overhead. The subspecies of the Chough have not been worked out satisfactorily. In Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 36, 1903, I had insufficient material, and refrained from seriously discussing them. Everybody, myself included, has so far shirked the study of their forms, but P. p. himalayanus and P. p. brachypus have recently been recognised as distinct (Kleinschniidt, Meinertzhagen, La Touche, Strese- mann). In fact, the latter two subspecies are the most distinct ones, the others being more difficult to distinguish. Recently Stresemann separated two more subspecies, P. p. j307itifex from North Persia, and P. p. centralis from the Tian- Shan Mountains. In naming P. p. pontifex he has not helped his brother ornithologists much, as he does not say how far he thinks that this subspecies extends ! It seems to me that it is the widest spread and thus " commonest " form of the Chough. Stresemann 's P. p. centralis is a very well-marked subspecies, but it is rather misleading to compare it with the large himalayanus, as one of its most striking peculiarities are the small feet ; therefore it should have been com- pared with brachypus, which, however, has a thicker bill and less pointed wing. As far as I can at present con.struct the subspecies of the Chough — though I do not say that this review is final ! — I think the following forms can be distm- guished : Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (L.). Described by Linnaeus as coming from England and Egypt ; the latter locaUty being doubtful, I have in 1903 restricted the terra typica to England. This is the smallest form, bill 50-58, wing 253-260 and 276 mm. maximum. I know this form only from Great Britain (where it has become rare and is now restricted to a few localities in the south and west) and Ireland, where it is still fairly common. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax erythrorhamphus (Vieill.). This name refers to the Alpine form and must be accepted, if this form is separated from the British one. Unfortunately this species is now so very 354 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. rare in the Alps (apparentlj^ it was formerly more numerous), that specimens are rare in collections ; I could therefore measure only 5 good specimens. Their bills measure 51-57, wings 278, 287, 288, 291 mm., a maximum which is not reached in the British Isles. I believe the Spanish form is the same as the Alpine form, but about this I am doubtful. Certainly Pyrenean specimens agree. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pontifex Stres. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax ponlifex- Stresemami, Juiirn. f. Urn. 1928. p. 343 (Elburs Mountains, North Persia). It seems to me impossible that this is an isolated Elburs form. In fact, it seems to be widely spread, possibly from Palma (Canary Islands) through Marocco, Algeria, Palestine, Crete, Asia Minor, Palestine to Persia. I measured as follows : Palma 290, 291, 295 mm. (Eight.) Marocco 280-313 mm., bill 54-69. (Series.) Algeria 288-307 mm., bill 59-64, 66. (Series.) Crete c? 311, ? 293 mm. Asia Minor (Taurus) 304, 323 mm. Luristan ^J 305, 308 mm. Persia (East Persia) ? 290, 294, ^ 310, 320 mm. Persia (Shiraz, East Persia) 288, 314, 316 mm. Persia (Elburs) 305, 317 ; 293, 305, 318, 320, 327 mm. Palestine 290-313, 326 mm., bill 52-59. Simien, Abj-ssinia, 308 mm. It wiU be seen that the specimens from nearly all countries mentioned come very close to the Elburs ones, of which only one surpasses them. But we must remember that, except from the British Isles (Ireland), Algeria and Marocco, anj-thing like a sufficient series is available from nowhere, and that therefore we do not know the maxima, which by accident might have been found among the few from the Elburs, and possibly the large bird from there was an exceptional giant. The small size of the Palma birds might, if confirmed by a larger series, force us to recognise the Palma form as a special subspecies, but I had formerly a very large measure of a Palma specimen — unfortimately I have no note how I got that measure, but I believe from Sharpe, in litt. Abyssinian specimens I have not examined, except the one in the British Museum, that came from Petherick ; that skin passed through Gould's hands, and it surely never came, as Sharpe said (p. 148, Cat. B. Brit. Aim. iii), from the Kitch country " west of the Nile." " Lemien " means doubtless Semien, where alone in East Africa the species is found, and it was possibly given to Petherick by Heuglin, who collected specimens in Semien. All these birds have more or less greenish wing-coverts, but a purplish tinge is sometimes discernible in Persian examples. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax himalayanus (Goidd.). This race has a somewhat bluisli or purjjlish gloss on the wings, more distinct than in Persian ones, and is large, wings 305-327 mm., sometimes smaller, according to Kleinschmidt down to 278 mm., and has generally a large bill. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 355 On an average it surpasses topotypical pontifex in size of wings and bill, but some specimens are not distinguishable, except by the generally more bluish wing-coverts. Bill 59-65 mm. Himalaya, at great elevations, eastwards to Yunnan and Setchuan. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax centralis Stres. Pyrrhocomx pyrrhocorax centralis Stresemann, Joiirii. f. Orii. 1928, p. 344 (Tian-shan). These birds are on an average smaller than most pontifex and Mmalayanus, but many do not differ in length of wing. They have the greenish outer aspect of the wings, but their feet are as small as those of brachypus, from which, how- ever, they differ by the more {jointed wing, the distances between the tips of the fifth and sixth primaries being greater ! They are apparently common in parts of Turkestan, near Djarkent, mountains near Lake Issik Kul, Karakol, and doubtless many other places. Wings of the specimens in Tring 278-313 (once), according to Stresemann 276 (5) to 319 (^J, once) mm. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax brachypus (Swinh.). North-East Chinese Choughs are very much like P. p. centralis, but the tip of the wing is shorter (distance between tips of fifth and sixth primaries smaller), and the bill is generally thicker. Wings 273-305 (twice) mm. Feet smaller than all except centralis. North-East China, apparently north to Transbaicalia, Shansi, Shensi. Swuihoe gave this form 1871 the name var. brachypus. Sharpe {Cat. B. iii) quotes the name " var. orientalis," as of Dybowski, Journ. f. Orn. 1868, p. 332, but this is incorrect ; Dybowski there described the small feet, but does not give a name ! The name " var. orientalis " is given by Taczanowski, Journ. f. Orn. 1872, p. 454 (not by Dybowski, p. 445 as Taczanowski quoted in his posthumous great work, p. 539), but without any kind of characterisation or reference, and is therefore a nomen nudum. It inhabits the mountains of Chihli, and Weigold brought one home that was collected in Shansi, where Swinhoe had formerly also found it. I have not examined Mongolian specimens. Stumus vulgaris vulgaris L. Still seen in small flocks on the Algerian Plateau between Constantine and les Lacs on April 1 . Bucanetes githaginea zedlitzi Neum. As already pointed out by Lavauden {Voy. Babault, Ois, p. 50), this species ranges in Tunisia north to the Djebel Cherichera, north-west of Kairouan. We did not find it during the hours we were there, probably because of the drought at the time, but both Lavauden and Blanchet have collected it there, and the latter presented me with a skin from there. This pretty Finch seems to need water, for it visits wells and cisterns, as observed by Lynes and myself. The flocking together m sprmg is probably done for going to places where they can drink — apparently these flocks go for miles to water. 356 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. I think we must agree with Lynes, who said that the specimens he collected in the stony plain near Tiznit — and the one I mentioned before as doubtful from Tizi in the Great Atlas — belong to B. g. amanium (Hart.) which inhabits the Canary Islands. In shortness of wing and thickness of bill they are amantum, but their back is (in worn plumage) lighter ! On the other hand, those collected near Ain-Sefra in West Algeria are B. g. zedlitzi, which is a very distinct sub- species. In Marocco this bird seems also to be restricted to the south of the Great Atlas ; I never came across it in the Great Atlas, but two oflficers described it to me as having been seen on the south slopes of the Atlas. As I have said, zedlitzi is a quite distinct subspecies, but the specimen said to be from " Constantine," in the Berlin Museum, most certainly never came from the neighbourhood of Constantine town, though from the province of Constantine. What I said about the length of the wings is perfectly correct, that of the female being about 5 mm. shorter, and if there are supposed pairs shot by Zedlitz with wings equal in the sexes, there must be some error about this. Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis Temm. When formerly writing about the Sparrows of Africa Minor I had not realised the fact that in Eastern Tunisia no domesticus tingitanus occurs, while hispaniolensis is very common in the towns (where, as a rule, they roost) and in the agricultural parts of the coimtry. Only in the south of Tunisia we find that these Sparrows lose the stripes, which are the most characteristic feature of hispaniolensis, to a great extent, and in places entirely. Among these red- headed sparrows without stripes on the sides, there are, however, some that have stripes, so that this race is not absolutely fixed {Ibis Suppl. 1927, pp. 60-66). In none of those from South Tunisia is there an obvious admixture of domesticus ! How do these facts now agree with our theory that the fliickigeri-type is the result of hybridisation of hispaniolensis and domesticus, established on obser- vations and collections made in Algeria 1 That hybridisation takes place is, in my opinion, not doubtful ; not only do we — except in South Tunisia — never find these varieties (red-headed without stripes and males with crowns partially grey, partially red) in places where only either hispaniolensis or domesticus is foxmd, but we also find man}' intermediate specimens (cf. Nov. Zool. xviii, 1912, and xx, 1913). How can it be explained, then, that in El-Oued only the fliickigeri-type was found, and this is also the case in most of the South Timisian oases ? I think we can assume, that in El-Oued, as well as (more or less) in Ouargla and nearly so in Tonggourt, the parents have died out, and that this bastard-race, which breeds true, or nearly so, became established, and that this bastard-race has spread eastwards through South Tunisia. There can hardly be any doubt that in the course of time this race will become exclusive in these southern regions ; I do not see how we can avoid recognising it in that case, by a name, the oldest of which is fliickigeri ! It will then perhaps be treated as a subspecies of hispaniolensis, though it is not, strictly speaking, of the same footing as other subspecies, which we regard as geographical forms, the results of surroundings, climate, and other local conditions. Some modern ornithologists look upon Passer hispaniolensis and domesticus NoviTATEs Zoological XXXIV. 1928. 357 as subspecies. This is, in my opinion, most misleading. Subspecies are geo- graphical forms representing each other. These two Sparrows, however, do not do this. Except on a few small islands and along the coast-stripe of eastern Tunisia hispaniolensis does not represent domesticiis anywhere ; in the range of Passer domesticim it inhabits similar geographical areas from the utmost west eastwards to Turkestan, Afghani- stan, and Kashmir, but in northern regions and in tropical India domesticus becomes the exclusive form ! How did it happen that in Algeria such broadcast hybridisation took place ? We cannot definitely say this, but it seems to me that it originated in their living together in the same conditions. In other countries this is apparently not the case. In Spain, Palestine, etc., P. hispaniolensis breeds chiefly in bushes and trees, gardens, and Eucalyptus growths, away from the towns, making the free nests which we know so well in our countries as those of P. domesticus, which is, however, more or less a frequenter of towns and nests to a large extent on buildings, also usurping swallows and martins' nests, nesting-boxes, water- pipes, and other unwelcome sites. Now where these two species live together, I would be more astonished if they never hybridised. They have females so much alike that one can hardly distinguish them, they have the same notes, except that that of hispaniolensis is a little higher, mellower, and they have the same dimensions. In spite of continual attention I have never seen Passer hispaniolensis in Marocco, except in April 1901 in the Mehuila, the extended orange wood on the banks of the Oum-er-Rebbia east of Mazagan, where it is common. Riggenbach sent it from Bou Laouane on the Oum-er-Rebbia south-east of Mazagan, Djebel Chedar, and Mogador, also from the Mehuila. Bede records it from Oudjda in North-East Marocco, near the Maroccan boundary. Emberiza striolata sahari Lev. Nests in Figuig and Beni-Omaif, as well as in Ain-Sefra. While it is so common and tame in Marrakesh, where it sometimes enters restaurants, pecking up crumbs, and sitting on the tables, or bedrooms, nesting chiefly in native houses, and is found at Asselda in the Great Atlas, it was not observed at or near Taddert in the valley of the R'dat. Calandrella brachydactyla hermonensis Tristr. The specimens of Calandrella, we shot in the Rehamna north of Marrakesh were this and not rufescens minor. Possibly the birds seen there by Lynes and myself and which we thought might have been rufescens minor were all brachydactyla ! Amniomanes phoenicurus arenicolor (Sund.). Common near Colomb Bechar on April 17 and 18, but still in flocks : testes and ovaries winter size or very very little enlarged. A few were also seen at Beni-Ounif, where it has also been recorded by Messrs. Foley and Geard, under the name of " cinctura," a name referring to the subspecies from the Cape Verde Islands ! 358 ■ NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. Aimnomanes deserti payni Hart. We found this bird at Ain-Sefra and Beni-Ounif. Monsieur Bede {3Iein. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. xvi, p. 67, 1927) saj's that Admiral Ljiies informed him that he had collected A. phoenicurus arenicolor at Misour on the Muluya River, but this was a slip of the pen of the Admiral, the birds he saw and collected being A. deserti payni. The birds mentioned by Bede (I.e.) as A. deserti algeriensis from Outat-el-Hadj on the Muluya were also payni, as our friend would see, if he again compared them with Tunisian specimens. Messrs. Foley and Geard {Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique du Nord, xviii, p. ISl) recorded from Beni-Ounif both ^4. deserti algeriensis and A. deserti intermedia Heim de Balsac, both from other parts of Algeria, neither of them being foimd at Beni-Ounif. Galerida cristata. The knowledge of the forms of C'rested Larks grows gradually, if slowly. In 1903-4 when I wrote about the Galeridae in my Vog. pal. Fauna, I still united North Tunisian long-billed Galeridae with macrorhyncha. These were after- wards, 1905, separated as G. c. carthaginis by Kleinschmidt & Hilgert, though the type was not shot near Carthage, but was a specimen from the neighbourhood of Tunis, bought from Monsieur Blanc — a very dangerous and censurable pro- ceeding. This form was, as far as I am aware, never found outside of Tunisia. It is common along the Sahel and south to the plain of Achichina south of Sfax, being replaced by the so-called G. c. gafsae Kleinschm. & Hilg. farther south- wards. Here, too, the two authors called the type of the subspecies from the Seggi gafsae, not a specimen shot at Gafsa ! In this case this has caused much misunderstanding, as the form from Gafsa is arenicola ! Erlanger had carthaginis from Tunis, Kairouan, and west of Souk-el-Arba. I also shot it on the slopes west of Souk-el-Arba, close to the Algerian frontier. Further west it was not known ! In spite of diligent search Lord Rothschild, Hilgert, and myself have never turned up a Long-billed Crested Lark, G. cristata, in North Algeria proper, i.e. in the Tell-region. Yet I have no doubt that it will be found sparingly along the Tell from Tunisia to Marocco, because I have last year shot an adult male, April 14, west of Orleansville, and another adult male on April 27 west of Oudjda, west of the plain of Angad, in North- West Marocco. In each case two were seen, evidently pairs, but only one could be obtained. It is not astonishing that the occurrence of cristata in the coastal plains and hills has been overlooked. It is probably only a bird of the plains, not of the hills, it is obviously rare, and at a distance it is difficult or impossible to distinguish it from the common theklae forms foimd in the same places. And, worst of all, very little collecting has been done in these northern regions — most modern collectors, from Koenig to the present day, have been attracted by the southern desert-countries and neglected the northern belt as well as the highest mountains ! After shooting the specimens of G. c. carthaginis west of Oudjda Hachisuka and I were on the look out for more Long-billed Crested Larks, but, unfortunately that day, April 27, we made by far the longest journey, from Oudjda to Fez, in one day ! Therefore we could not delay for hours, where it would have been desirable, and we had to go too fast for careful observation. Nevertheless, we looked at every Crested Lark, but all seemed, and doubtless most of them were. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 359 short-billed theklae, not cristala. But a little west of the Muluya River, not far from Guercif, we saw again two long-billed cristata and shot one of them. This, however, is much darker than the one from west of Oudjda, and it is in fact Galeridn cristata kleinschmidti Erl., hitherto known from the Tanger region, near the forest of Mamora, and in the upper reaches of the Bou-regreg River. While we saw no Long-billed Oaleridae near Ain-Sefra and near Beni-Ounif, Hachisuka shot a male (breeding condition) among the sand dunes and date- palms at Colomb Bechar on April IS. This is the only Crested Lark seen there by us with certainty, and it belongs to the southern subspecies, G. cristata macrorhyncha Tristr. (represented farther eastwards by the very closely allied arenicola). It seems therefore that the distribution of the forms of G. cristata in Africa Minor is as follows : O. cristata deprimozi Lavaud. : Kerkennah Islands. (We have a few specimens from Monsieur Bede, but unfortunately they are either bad skins or collected end of June, when in horrible condition). G. cristata gafsae Kleinschm. & Hilg. : From the island of Djerba to the eastern Bled Seggi. G. cristata carthaginis Kleinschm. & Hilg. : Northern Tunisia to North- West Marocco — probably sparingly all along the Tell. G. cristata randonii Loche : Hauts Plateaux of Algeria (so far only known from Ain-Oussera between Alger and Laghouat) to Missour on the Muluya. G. cristata arenicola Tristr. : From Gafsa in Timisia to about N'goussa north of Ouargla and the plain of El-Outaya south of El-Kantara. G. cristata macrorhyncha Tristr. : This very closely allied form replaces arenicola farther west, in the Mzab country, and is common in and about Ghardaia, Laghouat, etc. It evidently extends westwards into Marocco, as we got one at Colomb Bechar, near the Maroccan boundary. G. cristata kleinschmidti Erl. : North Marocco eastwards to the watershed between Muluya and Sebou (waters running to Mediterranean and Atlantic respectively), south to upper reaches of Oued Beth and Bou-Regreg, Mamora, and probably farther southwards. G. cristata riggenbachi Hart. : Replaces the former from the valley of the Oum-er-Rebbia southwards to the Sous (Lynes), but absent from high altitudes. Galerida theklae. Generally the Short-billed theklae vary more individually than the fairly constant cristata and they are therefore somewhat difficult to limit. The " dusting " in sand and soil colours the plumage in the same way as the cristata forms. Galerida theklae harterti Erl. : In North Tunisia G. theklae harterti Erl. is common. It extends over North Algeria, i.e. the coastal plain and Atlas Moun- tains (Tell), westwards to the neighbourhood of Oran and Tlemcen, south to the northern Atlas range, as far as Berrouaghia (at least) and Mascara. Galerida theklae erlangeri Hart. : Replaces G. t. Imrterti further westwards, in North Marocco (Tanger, Yebala), south to the region of Azrou (Middle Atlas), Upper Oued Beth, Upper Bou-Regreg, Tafoudait, Mamora, and probably farther southwards. 360 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. This form is very closely allied to G. t. harterti of North Tunisia and North Algeria, but has a much smaller and finer bill. Galerida theklae mficolor Whit. : Replaces 0. t. crlangeri from the Oum-er- Rebbia south to the Sous, but does not ascend, in the Great Atlas, over 4,600 feet, in the narrow valleys south of Marrakesh not 1,000 metres. It extends north-eastwards by Meknes, Fez (Fes), to Lalla Marnia in North-West Algeria. Alauda arvensis harterti Whit. An adult male in nesting condition was shot 26. iv. 1927 west of Tlemcen, near Oudjda. Several were singing, and these Skylarks were doubtless breeding on the plain of Angad. It seems to me that the same subspecies breeds there as well as on the Hauts Plateaux of the Middle Atla.s, the plains of Tunisia, and the Algerian Plateau, and that it is more the condition of wide plains than the elevation they care for. ChersophUus duponti duponti (Vieill.). On the plateau between Bou Saada and Djelfa I heard the peculiar song and Mr. Turtle shot a specimen. This is the same plateau, with much Artemisia and Thymus, on which we found this bird not rare farther north, near Ain- Oussera, in 1914. In Tunisia we were not far enough south to come across C. d. margaritae. Mr. Bannerman's notes in Ibis. 1927, Suppl. pp. 108-111, require some comment. It is valuable to have specimens in spirits, though there could never be any doubt that ChersophUus is a Lark ! I cannot find the plate in ^Vhitaker's B. of Tunisia at all good, but I would not call it too yellow. The district where Bannerman shot two specimens was about the same in which Koenig discovered this subspecies, and the skins from there are somewhat intermediate, not as bright as those from Medenine, Tatahouine, Cyrenaica, and Solium. Bannerman deplored that no one had a sufficient series to discuss the subspecies of this bird. It is true that the British Museum had only a very small series and he obtained two, one of which was skinned. But had he seen the series of 44 skins of the two subspecies in the Tring Museum, he would perhaps not have said so. The species is entirely a bird of North Africa, and the few specimens known from Portugal, Spain, and the Provence must have been astraj', for it does apparently not breed there. Bannerman again mentions specimens from the " Balearic Islands," but it is known that no ChersophUus occurs there. The supposed Balearic specimens were bought on the market by one of the Brothers Gal (Gal Freres) in Nice and labelled " lies Baleares." They were not " collected by Schutter," but liought from the German dealer Wilh. Schliiter, who had received them from Gal Freres. The birds came from North Algeria or Tunisia. Gals' wrong locality has disturbed many ornithologists. I thought we had published the facts, but this does not seem to be the case. All we find about it is in Jordans' Vogelfauna Mallorcas, pp. 64, 65, 1914. Rhamphocorys clot-bey (Bp.). Hachlsuka, myself, and Jourdain have, in 1927, in vain searched for it near Ain-Sefra, in the places where it was fairly common in 1913. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 361 The species, however, has recently been recorded (Foley & Ceard, Bull. Hist. Nat. Afrique Nord, xviii, 1927, p. 180) from Beni-Ounif and Colomb Bechar, and Heim de Balsac found it 50 km. north of Ain-Sefra in Marocco (H. de B. in litt.). Motacilla flava iberiae Hart. I foimd this, the Spanish, subspecies again, evidently on the breeding- ground, on a wet meadow with tamarisk bushes on the Oued Tensift near Marra- kesh on May 8. A male with the white superciliary line narrower and shorter was shot at Biskra on April 3. Motacilla alba subpersonata Meade-Waldo. Observed on the Tensift River north of Marrakesh. Lanius excubitor dodsoni Whit. It seems that nearly all the dark Shrikes of Tunisia belong to dodsoni, and that algeriensis is usually only found rarely in North Algeria and common in North Marocco, where it ranges down to about Casablanca, and is not rare on the Upper Oued Beth, but from the Oum-er-Rebbia southwards it is everywhere replaced by dodsoni. Lanius excubitor elegans Swains. A few Grey Shrikes were seen near Beni Ounif, and specimens shot belong to elegans, and this form was also found by Heim de Balsac north of Figuig. A Grey Shrike seen by Lord Rothschild near Ain-Sefra, in 1913, was then probably also elegans. Erithacus rubecula witherbyi Hart. Erithacus rubecula witherbyi Hartert, Voij. pal. Fauna, i, p. 753 (1910 — Northernmost Tunisia (Camp de la Sant6), North Algeria (Hamiuam R'hira and Blidah Glaciere) and Maroccan Atlas. The latter statement wrong, the Maroccan form being slightly different again : E. r. atlas Lynes). Eritliacus rubecula lamudeni Bannerman, Bull. B.O. Club, xlvii, p. 24 (1926— Les Sources, Ain- Draham) ; Ibis, 1927, Suppl. p. 140. It was from specimens from the Kroumirie, Camp de la Sante, a few miles from " Les Sources " and North Algeria, that I described E. r. witherbyi, and this has been accepted by MM. Lavauden, Blanchet, and Bede and others, and is correct. The differences which Bannerman pointed out are either individual, or due to his comparing birds shot later, when they fade considerably. Even ours shot 29.iii are a slight tinge lighter than his from March 7. We took care to collect half a dozen Robins at " Les Sources," the exact place where Bannerman collected his " lavattdeni." Robins were common near Camp de la Sante (only a few miles from Les Sources), in the same vast forest and at Les Sources, and we could have shot more, if it had not rained all the time we were there. All our skins are alike, and they do not differ from the type of witherbyi, except that the upperside is a slight shade darker, due to their being shot a month earlier. The Camp de la Sante specimen is not, as Bannerman says, " difficult to separate from E. r. witherbyi," but not at all separable, except that it is, due to the date 362 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. when shot, slightly lighter, but not darker, as it should be, if Bannerman's lavaudeni was separable. There is no difference in size either, nor does the bill differ constantly. Much as I regret, that I must reject Lavauden's name and Bannerman's supposed subspecies, I must decidedly state that lavaudeni is a synonym of witherbyi. The European form winters in Africa Minor, in fair numbers, from Marocco to Tunisia. The Robins at Les Sources were evidently " at home," singing in spite of the rain and cold. Hirundo rustica. When we were in Colomb Bechar I was struck by the great tameness of the Swallows in the hotel yard. They used to come and sit on railings and wires so that one could almost take them in the hand, but in the evening, when the light was turned on, I actually took several in my hands and put them back on the wire from which I had taken them. Delichon urbica meridionalis Hart. In Orleansville 14. iv. 1927 we observed a colony on a large house in the town. The birds were building and apparently repairing old nests. A male shot had testes 5 mm. long and was very fat. It is very typical meridionalis with very short tip of the wing, the left wing measuring 101 mm. In Bou-Saada, April 7, House Martins swarmed in the river-bed, but they were probably still on migration. Riparia rapestris rupestris (Scop.). Several were flying on the rocks of El-Kantara on April 2, but whether they were breeding there or not I could not say. The neighbourhood of El-Kantara is, however, the only place where the Rock-Martin is known to breed, except (teste Heim de Balsac) the Gorge de Chiffa in North Algeria. Riparia riparia riparia (L.). A flock in the river-bed at Colomb Bechar, April 17, testes small, probably still on migration. Wing 108 mm. Riparia paludicola mauritanica (Meade-Waldo). These little Sand Martins were flying about near the Tensift River north of Marrakesh, and sat on the telegraph wires by hundreds. All these were either young (with pale rufous-sandy edges to the feathers of the upperside), or adults in full moult, after the breeding season, sexual organs very small, quite reduced. The old feathers are quite pale sandy, the new ones dark mouse- grey. On June 2, when we passed the same place, not a single one could be seen. Apus melba. The forms of the Alpine Swift are not easily understood. In 1912 (Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 835) I did not admit Apus melba tuneti, described by Tschusi as a paler subspecies from Tunis. Later on I recognised tuneti. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 363 In 1926 {Mem. Soc. Scienc. Nat. Maroc, No. xvi, p. 20, publ. 1927) I called attention to the fact that a specimen from Meknes, taken from the nest May 26, is darker than the others from that town, which are typical tuneti, and might pass for A. m. melba. In 1927 I found the Alpine Swift as common in Fez as in Meknes, and (as I could not shoot in the crowded streets of the town) got a boy who caught six in their nests, and who also brought two clutches of three eggs each, all fresh. Now these six Swifts (three in the Museum at Tring, three in Hachisuka's possession) were all perfectly alike, dark, and indistinguishable from the darkest A . melba melba ! This, however, does not induce me to suggest that A. m. melba and tuneti are to be " lumped." In fact, in Tunisia all specimens nesting in various parts of the country, of which Monsiem- Blanchet lias a very fine series, are pale, while one, obviously on migration, passing over the plain at the foot of Djebel Cherichera in Middle Tunisia on March 25, and shot in my presence by Monsieur Lavauden, differs from all these and belongs to the dark melba. To the pale form belong also those nesting in Constantine. It is, however, very strange that Fez (Fes), only 55 km. east-north-east from Meknes, has a population of dark melba, while those of Meknes, or at least the majority of them, are pale tuneti. Comparing all our Alpine Swifts, I find further that a series from Somaliland, from Hargeisa, 4,000 feet, and Bihendula, 2,000 feet, are of the jjale tuneii type, but very much shorter in the wing and tail. While tuneti have wings of 217 to 229 mm., the Somaliland ones have wings of 195 to 207 mm. I therefore name this small race Apus melba archeri subsp. no v. Type: S ad. Hargeisa, 28. vi. 1918, No. 1107, collected by Sir Geoffrey Arclier, in the Tring Museum. The specimens were collected in June and March. At least one of the June specimens is in moult. Named in honour of Sir Geoffrey Archer, formerly Governor of British Somaliland. As long ago as 1880 Legge called attention to small dark Alpine Swifts obtained in Ceylon, apparently nesting on the island. I mentioned them again in the Vog. pal. Fauna, 1912, and Baker in 1927 described them, but cautiously did the same as I did, i.e. deferred action mitil material of breeding birds would be at hand. This I approve of heartily, as a rule, but I have now seen so many Apus melba from many localities, that it is evident to me that such small and at the same time dark birds, as I have seen from Ceylon, with wings only 200, 203, 207, 212 mm. (thus like archeri but dark !) are not found elsewhere. I therefore name the bird apparently nesting in Ceylon Apus melba bakeri subsp. nov. in honour of my friend E. C. Stuart Baker. Type : An adult bird from Catton Estate, Ceylon, 4,500 feet, 1866, collected by S. Bligh, ex Mus. E. Holdsworth in the Tring Museum. Three others in the British Museum. Probably there is another unnamed though distinct form, of pale colour, like tuneti and archeri, but larger than the latter, and with the white throat patch reduced as in 4. m. africanus. These seem to breed in the mountains of India, 364 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. and we have a specimen collected in South Arabia, in June !, by Bury. These birds require further investigation, we must have series from breeding-places before we can do more. Apus affinis galilejensis (Antin.). The little white-rumped Swift seems to be spreading northwards, for, as we know from Lavauden, it nests now every year on the cathedral of the town of Tunis, where it was formerly unknown. In Marocco it now nests on a house in a busy thoroughfare in Rabat, where a few years ago it was not known, and Lynes tells me that he saw a number in the air from his bedroom window in a Fio. U.— S.W. GATE OP UAKRAKESH UNDER WHICH WHITE-RUMPED SWIFTS iAPVS AFFIXIS) NEST. hotel in the centre of the town of Casablanca. In Marrakesh they nest under gateways of the ports of the town, in clusters over a well, and in subterranean watercourses outside the city walls. There is no doubt that these birds are generally migratory, i.e. in Tunis and Rabat, while in Marrakesh, according to information given to Lynes by Mr. Muir, they are only entirely absent for about two months in the winter. The specimens from Marocco cannot be separated from A. a. (jalilejensis (Antin.). This paler form is also found in Persia and North-West India. There are, however, birds which are darker, with darker and longer tails, which Baker rightly called nipalensis (Hodgs. 1836). Baker unites with this the apparently still darker and perhaps smaller Ceylon form, which Madarasz described as Apus singalensis — unfortunately not quoted by Baker, as he left out synonyms, but, of course, one does not know if he did this purposely, or whether he did not know the name singalensis. There are, unfortunately, only two specimens in the British and only one at Tring from Ceylon, but it will be better not to close the door and to keep the Ceylon form doubtfully different. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 192S. 365 In North Africa, south to Air (Asben) we find A. affinis galilejensis, but in the tropics, West Africa and East Africa, lives a darker form which seems not to differ in any way from the Indian A. affinis affinis. Breeding birds from SomaUland require attention. They are pale, like galilejensis, but seem to have shorter wings ? Again, on the islands of Sao Thome and S. Principe a different form is found, which is still blacker than A. a. affinis, and has a longer tail. I name this subspecies Apus affinis bannermani subsp. nov. in honour of Mr. David Baiuierman, who has written about the birds of these islands, and who confirmed the differences from the specimens in the British Museum and supplied the measurements of the latter. A. a. bannermani differs from its allies as follows : They are darkest of all, on head, back, and abdomen, agreeing in their dark colour, especially dark black-brown forehead and blackish tail only with singalensis. The tail and wing is longer, though in the length of the tail nipalensis is about the same. All the specimens have more or less distinct blackish or brown shafts to the white feathers of the rump and dark brown shaft-lines on the throat. In other A. affinis the rump-feathers and throat are quite white and have only very rarely and quite exceptionally indications of dark shafts. The measurements are as follows (Mr. Bannerman having kindly supplied those of the British Museum examples) : Wings : Princes Island : (J 137, $ 136 mm. San Thome : $ 134, 137, not sexed 135-5, 142-5 mm. ! Bill : Princes Island : 6, 6 mm. San Thome : 6, 7, 7, 7 mm. Tail : Prmces Island : (^ 46, $ 43 mm. San Thome : $ 43, 45, not sexed 45, 47 mm. In A. a. nipalensis from Nepal and Sikkim the wings measure 126, 129, 129, 130, 130, 131, 132, 133, 133 mm., tails 43, 43, 43, 44, 44, 44, 45, 45, 45-5 mm. In A. a. nipalensis, however, the crown and forehead are paler brown, not so blackish, the mantle is not so deep blue-black, but brownish black, the rump feathers without dark shafts, while the tails are also dark and long. Type of A. a. bannermani adult, Pedroma, San Thome, November 1899, A. Mocquerys coll., in Tring Museum. We would therefore distinguish the following forms : Apus affinis affinis (Gray) (probably valley of Ganges). Western and Central provinces of India to Deccan and great parts of tropical Africa. (Specimens from Somaliland require fm-ther study, Abyssinian birds are not separable.) Apus affinis galilejensis (Antin.) (Lake of Galilee). From SjTia to Marocco, locally distributed, nesting in colonies, Sind and North- West Provinces of India. (Nesting Sind.) Apus affinis nipalensis (Hodgs.) (Nepal). 26 S66 NoViTATES ZoOLOalCAE XXXIV. 1928. Nepal to Bhutan and Kamrup in Assam, Bengal Duars, Orissa to Madras and, according to Baker, to Belgaum, M3'sore, and Travancore. Apiis affinis singalensis Mad. (Madarasz, Ann. 3Ius. Nat. Hungar. ix, p. 420, 1911— Ceylon). Apparently restricted to Ceylon, and requiring further confirmation, but nesting Cej'lon. Apus affinis bannermani Hart. (San Thome and Princes Island). Apparently restricted to these islands. Apus affinis subfurcatus Bljiih (Penang). Assam to Burma and western China west to Chittagong and Comilla in East Bengal, Siam to Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Merops apiaster L. I never saw so many Common Bee-eaters as on April 23 in the plantation at the bottom of the sand dunes at Aiin-Sefra. Late in the afternoon hundreds were sitting on the sand dunes, other hundreds on tamarisk-trees, others again on tall poplars, fig-trees, and others. They evidently were going to roost there, still being on migration. Merops superciliosus chi-ysocercus Cab. & Heine. On April 5 a few were seen in their old haunts on the Oued Biskra south of Biski'a, where later on they nest. On April 19 a number were seen in various places from the train between Colomb Bechar and Beni-Ounif, and we saw several in Figuig, westernmost Marocco. On May 23 Young and I saw most clearly an adult M. s. chrysocercus sitting on a telegraph wire between Khemisset and the Oued Beth, not far from that river ; the colours and the long tail were very conspicuous — but what was this bird doing so far away from any of its known breeding-places, which are in the desert ? I am afraid we cannot avoid treating M. persicus (and therefore, of course, also chrysocercus) as a subspecies of M. superciliosus ! Faico biarmicus eriangeri Kleinschm. We observed this Falcon several times between Sousse and Sfax in Tunisia, and Turtle shot a beautiful adult female from the car. Several times I saw it at a distance in Algeria, but we had no time to locate nests or to shoot specimens. Between Tlemcen and Oudjda we saw one, evidently an adult female, take a chicken, perhaps three-quarters grown, from a farm-yard, close to us ; we could not see the actual striking of the bird, as it was done beyond a wall, but it flew over our heads with its quarry, and was soon out of sight behind a hill. Falco biarmicus nests in southern Spain, but I am not aware that there are skins in any Museum, except one in Norwich ! Egg-collectors have probably got their eggs, but they are scientifically quite useless if the parents are not obtained. A lot of unnecessary collecting is unfortunately done by egg-collectors NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXIV. 1928. 367 who do not preserve birds. There are, for example, a number of eggs of Goshawks from Spain and Tanger, or its wider neighbourhood, in collections, but I believe Witherby is the only collector who has an adult Goshawk from Spain in his collection. Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides Temm. The above name must be used for the Lesser Peregrine of North Africa. We did not obtain specimens, though ^irobably the bird was seen once near El-Kantara and in the Middle Atlas of Marocco, in the distance. Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe. Monsieur Paul Bede jiresented me with an adult male in his collection. It was captured at sea between Sfax and Kerkennah 29.x. 1926 and kept in Bede's aviary until l.xii.l926, when it died suddenly. It was found to be full of ascarids. This bird has no red najje patch and is imderneath white, with the usual dusky cross-bars, and the very faintest creamy tinge along the middle of the abdomen, throat white, jugulum with a few blackish shaft-stripes, upper- side dark. It is wrong to use the name punicus for this or any other Falcon. The much-discussed plate of Falco punicus Levaillant jun. (to which no text appeared) represents Falco per. pelegrinoides ; several ornithologists with whom I have discussed the question (with specimens for comparison) agree with me. We have several specimens which agree closely with the plate, while I have not seen any brookei like it. When Monsieur Lavauden was at TrLng, he was aston- ished to see our plate of Falco punicus, saying he could now understand my explanation of the plate, but the plate in his copy (or the one he had consulted) was very different. Therefore his copy must be wrongly colom'ed (there is no text to this plate !), for I have now seen two other copies in London which are exactly Like our copy in Trmg. Kleinschmidt's idea, that it represents another subspecies, different from brookei, requires confirmation. Neither are our sldns from Tanger very different from others from Sardmia in colour (except that they are in less fresh plumage, and therefore a bit faded), nor are they noticeably smaller. Kleinschmidt's own measurements only suggest them to be smaller, as he measures (and his measure- ments are exceedingly correct) "punicus" wmgs (J ad. 274-290, $ 325-339, " brookei " (J 290-299, $ 328-348 mm. Surely a few mm. in a Peregrine are not of any importance, if only such few specimens are examined. It is regrettable that Kleinschmidt did not mention the South Spanish Peregrines, which I find in every way indistuiguishable from those from Tanger and not essentially cUfferent from Corsican and Sardinian ones. Wing cJ ad., Aquilas near Mm'cia 12. iv. 1899, Gray coll., on the label correctly called " Mediterranean Peregrine." Besides this we only have a yomig female from the same locahty. A pair still nests on the Rock of Gibraltar, where it is protected. Of North Africa we only know the following : Formerly Olcese and Favier used to obtain many specimens on the northern Peninsula of Marocco, and it nested at Cap Spartel (teste Irby). Specimens are also occasionally obtained on the coasts of Tunisia, mostly through Monsieur Blanc. Vaucher obtamed 368 NoviTATEs ZooLoolCiE XXXIV. 1928. one at Rabat, May 1898, and according to Kleinschmidt, riiickiger one at Kerrata in North Algeria.' Others evidently nest not only on Corsica and Sardinia, but also on Mallorca, Elba, Monte Cristo, and apparently near Marseille (specimen in Marseille Museum). It seems therefore that F. p. broohei is the nesting form in North Marocco (while farther south breeds pelegrinoides), but for Algeria and Tunisia, as far as I know, the nesting has not been proved. Falco naumanni naumanni Fleisch. Very numerous at El-Hajeb. On the walls of Chella and Salle they had, I am sorry to say, considerably decreased against 1924 and 1925, but I do not know the reason. Though I have seen an irresponsible boy shooting two near Salle in the month of May, I do not think that these pretty and useful Falcons are much persecuted by the Euiopean gumiers, but that there may have been some natural causes for a (temporary) diminution of the species. ? Aquila heliaca adalberti Brehm. One morning at the cliffs of El-Hajeb Young and I saw two large eagles fl34ng over in the distance, which had the underside orange fawn-colour. I do not loiow what they could have been if not A. h. adalberti in the juvenile dress. Unfortunately they were not seen again. Though this bird is very rare and perhaps not a regular inhabitant of Marocco, it has once nested near Larache, where Vaucher took the eggs and shot the female. These two big eagles were certainly not chrysaetos, nor could any Maroccan rapax appear so bright under- neath— almost yellowish orange-brown. Milvus milvus. In Mim. Soc. Sciences Nat. Maroc. No. xvi, p. 36, Monsieur Paul Bede has given the name M. milvus harterti to the supposed subspecies of the Red Kite in Marocco, but the type (shot by himself near Ain Leuh) is not adult, and the slight difference in size is not a proof that this form is reallj' smaller than European specimens. Comatibis eremita (L.). There are two colonies, not very far from each other, near El-Hajeb, one of which, the smaller one, was discovered by Paul Bede, in consequence of a fortunate breakdown of the car in which he travelled from Meknes to Azrou. The rocks are very rugged and full of smaller and larger caves and holes, in which the Ibises nest. The biggest colony must consist of nearly fifty nests. The nests are inaccessible, except with elaborate climbing gear, and perhaps for lithe Berber boys accustomed to these rocks, which they climb occasionally for honey. Unfortunately no boys were available during my first visit with Hachisuka, as a big " fantasia " with endless riding, shooting, and feasting was going on near by, and when I returned there four weeks later, the Ibises had 1 This specimen, now in Koenig's collection, I have since examined. In opposition to the specimens seen from North Marocco and Tunisia it has as large riifous patches at the back of the head as pelegrinoides usually has, and I think it is a strongly marked pelegrinoides. This specimen was shot in the breeding season. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAI: XXXIV. 1928. 369 young, as was clear from fresh j)ieces of egg-shells, out of which yomig had emerged, so I did not care to risk a life. Once we saw the Ibises feeding close by on an inundated field, but generally one saw no sign of them until one was close to the rocks, when they came out of their holes with an audible rustle of wings, flew straight away from the cliff, then turned round and flew round and round, not entering their caves until one went away some distance or was hidden quite out of sight. When flying round their wings were quite extended, but after some time, when coming nearer to the nests, the wings were much more bent, and this was generally suddenly done by a flock. Neither while they were sitting on ledges nor when flying round was any sound ever heard by us, and certainly Bede was mistaken when he thought that he believed that they continually kept on crjdng like cm-lews ! In fact, they usually utter no sound whatever, neither when they leave the nest, nor when they fly about, nor when they walk on the ground in search of food. Only very rarely can one hear a very soft whistle, which Heim de Balsac likens a little to that of 3Iilvu.s migrans. This latter gentleman has, however, heard also a deep, hollow croak, difficult to describe. The food at this season consists very largely of beetles ; in every stomach I found beetles, also more or less stones. In one stomach I found eight Buprestidae (Julodis anoperdi), some small Carabidae, several grasshoppers, several large caterpillars, ants' " eggs," and stones. Orthoptera are, of course, a favourite food. Sir Geoffrey Archer shot a male in much worn jjlumage on September 21 at Tug Wujaleh, Somaliland, 5,000 feet high. Major Flower observed six or eight miles south of Singa on the Blue Nile on February 11,1 922, several hvmdred, perhaps over a thousand, of these Ibises ; one was shot, and is now in the Giza Zoological Museum ; he had seen specimens twice before on the Blue Nile, but never such large numbers of individuals (cf. Ibis, 1922, p. 598). 1923 and 1924 these Ibises, as Monsieiu: Heim de Balsac tells us, have certainly nested on the old cliffs south of Boghari, while in 1925 and 1927 they did not nest there, and of 1926 there seems to be no information. The theory that they nest in years with more rainfall, and therefore with many orthoptera, la probably correct. In that case they should nest again in 1928, the year — according to Heim de Balsac, in litt. — being exceptionally humid and locusts having been observed. Chlamydotis undulata undulata (Jacq.). Seen (and shot) on the jilateau between Tolga and Bou-Saada, and observed twice from the train between Colomb Bechar and Beni Ounif. Anthropoides virgo (L.). On May 28 two were seen flying in the direction of Meknes near EI-Hajeb, loud calling. I also saw one that was shot by Captain Ayard near Ain Leuh in the Middle Atlas. Columba oenas oenas L. In June these Pigeons came with Columba livia and palumbus in flocks to the cornfields, just being cut, on the river near Asni in the Great Atlas. 370 NOVITATES ZoOLOGICiE XXXIV. 1928. They must have come from some distance, as there seemed to be no breeding- place near. CuTSorius cursor cursor (Lath.). A few were fomid (in small flocks) by Hachisuka near Beni-Ounif. Quite a number were observed north of Marrakesh in June, where a small flock was also seen in May. Glareola pratincola pratincola (L.). On May 10, on a small lake between Rabat and Fedhala, we found a good number, evidently on breeding ground, but they had not yet any eggs. Later, when passing along in the large omnibus of the C.T.M., the water seemed to have disappeared, and no birds were seen — though of com-se we could not make sure that they had deserted the place. Numenius arquata arquata (L.). Ma3' 5 half a dozen at the mouth of the Bou Regreg near Rabat. Numida meleagris sabyi Hart. I had been told it would be easy to come across Guinea-fowls near Ouldjet- es Soltan, but there are none near that post, and we saw not one. Some Berbers, however, brought in two for Hachisuka. The crop of one of them was full of beetles : several Buprestids of the species Aurlgena unicolor var. igniventris, Julodis anoperdi var. algirica, and Lydua marginatas F. A clutch of eight eggs was found near the Upper Oued Beth on May 14. It was somewhat incubated. The eggs measure 49 X 39, 50-5 X 39, 51 X 38-5, 51-3 X 39, 51 X 39-5, 52-5 X 38-5, 53-5 X 37-7, and 54 X 39 mm. As I proposed to treat all real Guinea Fowls as subspecies of one species, the name of the Maroocan form remains N. m. sabyi. Linnaeus, when creating the name Phasianus meleagris (Syst. Nat. ed. x, i, p. 158, 1758), took this from his own " Gallina (Meleagris) " in Hasselquist's iter Palaestinum, p. 274, where a specimen is described which came from Nubia : " Subjectum descriptum ex Nubia erat allatum, ex Mercatoribus Nubiis," etc., and the bristles on the forehead are described. It is therefore perfectly adequate to refer to the work on Hassel- quist's voyage, edited by Luinaeus, after Hasselquist's death, and the name of a bird that came from Nubia and has bristles on the forehead cannot be accepted for one from West Africa without bristles ! In an excellent " Monografia delle Galline di Faraone (Numididae) " Pro- fessor Alessandro Ghigi (1927) kindly admits that my view might be taken, but, he adds, that the change is not really necessary in obedience to the i)rinciple of priority, and that the Guinea Fowl's names should not be changed because these birds did not belong exclusively to the ornithologists, but belonged also to agriculturists and scientific men working in applied zoology. To this I must reply, that the acceptance of the name meleagris for the Nubian Guuiea Fowl is not onlj' possible but unavoidable. Agriculturists will not worry about this, and surely none of them has noticed it, though it is now in use for a number of years ; they will call it Gallina di Faraone, like English farmers call it Guinea NoviTATEs ZooLocic/E. VoL. XXXIV. 1927-1928. Pl. VIU. E. Hartert photo. ViEW.S FROM THE GrEAT AtLAS. MaROCCO. NoviTATEs ZooLocic/E. VoL. XXXIV. 1927-1928. Pl. IX. jd i 1 ^'■'^: 7f^,M.-^. £ ■■■■k^/ >.^EW P-v^ bJ K^^p ■ ^t. > M r '^1<0^^^l L"' '^^."-^ r- 4.;,-. iMfit h E, Hartert photo. Aspects of the Rocks on which Comatibis eremita nests near El-Hajeb, Marocco. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 371 Fowl, German.s Perlhuhn, French Pintade, etc., etc., and men working in applied zoology will do the same, or else will get over the change soon enough, and if they do not accept, it will not matter much. From Professor Ghigi we learn that about 2,300 years ago the Guinea Fowls were found in much the same part of Marocco as now ! For in Hanno's Peripliis it is said that near the Lake Cephesias, which is the modern Merdja Ras-er- Daoura, between the Oued Sebou and the Atlantic Ocean, the Guinea Fowls were fomid, while they still Uve on the upper Oued Beth, which is only a tributary of the Oued Sebou. PIO. 12.— BEBBEE HOUSE IN TADDERT, QEEAT ATLAS, BUILT IN TWO STORIES. 3 '2 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. BIRD NOTES. By GREGORY M. MATHEWS. Pseudolalage gen. nov. Differs from Lalage in having rictal bristles ; the bill is more slender. The feathers on the rump not so sleek. The feathers of this bird are fluffy, not hard as in Lalage. Type : Lalage banhsiana Gray. Analisoma gen. nov. Differs from Edolisoma Pucheran, in having a thicker, heavier biU, and from Graucalus in having the nostrils not covered with feathers, and placed differently. Type : Campephaga analis Verreaux et des Murs, 1860. Lisomada gen. nov. Differs from Edolisoma Pucheran, in having the sexes alike. The tail is also shorter in proportion to the wing measurement. Type : Volvocivora inspirator Finsch. Lophomyiagra gen. nov. Differs from Myiagra in having a crest of feathers ; the nostrils are placed farther from the base of the bill, not partially hidden. Type : Myiagra azureocapilla Layard 1875. Oscarornis gen. nov. Differs from Lalage Boie in having a distinct biU, showing it to be the most primitive form. Type : Lalage sharpei Rothschild. Melanojntta Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiana, vol. ii, No. 11, p. 317 {Consp. Voluc. Anisod. p. 7), before August 28th, 1854, was introduced for certain birds, amongst which, as first species, was Pitta cucullata of Hartlaub. The next year Gray, p. 144, designated this as type. No black Pitta was known then. In 1871, Schlegel, in Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 47, described a new genus and species as Melampitta lugubris from Arfak, N.W. New Guinea. In 1885, Stejneger in the Standard Nat. Hist. vol. iv, p. 466, introduced the genus Mellopittdiox lugubris Schl. only. In 1888, Sclater, writing the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum, vol. xiv, used on p. 449 Coracopitta, and in a footnote adds Melampitta in its correct form. Melanopitta is already in use for a subgenus of Pitta. I propose therefore to replace it by Coracopitta. NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 373 Edolisoma melan goodsoni subsp. nov. Differs from E. melan (Miiller) in having the male with steel-green, not purplish, reflections, more noticeable on the wings and under surface. In the female, the upper and under surface is distinctly darker, the bill is longer, and the lores blackish. Type in Tring Museum, collected on Trangan Island, in the Aru Group by H. Kiihn. Type female September 21st, 1900. Distribution : Aru Islands. Artamides welchmani bougainvillei subsp. nov. Differs from A. w. welchmani (Tristram) in being distinctly lighter above and below : the throat is blacker and the bill smaller. Wing 184.8. Type : a male, collected on Bougainville Island, Solomon Group, on April 20th, 1904, by A. S. Meek. In Tring Museum. Submyiagra ferrocyanea cinerea subsp. nov. Differs from *S'. /. Jerrocyanea (Ramsay) in the female, by having a grey cliin and throat : the bill is also wider. Type : Collected on Bougainville Island by A. S. Meek on January 18th, 1908. Rhipidura rufidorsa kumusi subsp. nov. Differs from R. r. rufidorsa Meyer, in having a lighter head (more greyish) and the back and rump being lighter brick red. Type : a male, collected on the Kumusi River, south-east New Guinea, on August 22nd, 1907, by A. S. Meek. Type in Tring Museum. 374 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. NOTES ON lOLAUS, ARGIOLAUS AND EELATED GENERA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES, SUBSPECIES AND A NEW GENUS (LEP. LYCAENIDAE). By N. D. RILEY. {Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) (With Plates X, XI.) 'T'HE following notes are intended to be supplementary to the excellent account of the genera concerned given by Aurivillius in Vol. XIII of Seitz, Macro- lepidoptera of the World. The material upon which they are based was not available to him, and in the main has only recently been received by the British Museum through the acquisition of the Oberthiir collection and the gift of much material from Mr. Bethune Baker's collection. In addition to the resources of the British Museum, through the kindness of Lord Rothschild I have been able to examine the whole of the material in the Tring Museum, which has proved of the greatest assistance. Notably the hitherto unknown male of Argiolaus maesa was discovered in Lord Rothschild's collection, and further a number of new forms which will be found referred to below. Mr. Joicey also most kindly lent me all the types of lolaus (s.l.) in his possession, and the results of the examination of these have, I hope, greatly increased any small value these notes may have had. A good many species are here recorded from Uganda and East Africa that have previously been known only from the West Coast ; and the remarkal^le uniformity of the geographical variation of these races is perhaps worth indicating. The species concerned are all extremely beautiful, with brilliant blue and black upper sides and delicately marked undersides. On the West Coast the upper sides are almost invariably intense deep blue, the red markings about the anal angle of the underside of the hindwings fairly extensive and deep red in colour. On the East Coast these colours as a general rule give way respectively to pale sky-blue, often mixed with white, and much restricted, sometimes almost obso- lescent orange. Tanuetheira H. H. Druce. From the long series of T. timon Fab. now in the British Museum, it is evident that H. H. Druce's T. jjrometheus is only a subspecies of ti7non. It is easily recog- nised in the ^J by the more developed androconial area of the disc of the forewing, which stands out as a rather conspicuous large dark brown patch. The females are less marked marginally on the underside than in T. timon timon. T. timon orientius Hulstaert (iJev. Zool. Afr., xii, p. 177, 1924) is the well- marked subspecies found in Uganda. There are 7 (^(J, 6 ?? in the British Museum. The best distinguishing characters are furnished by (a) the greater extent of white about the anal angle of the hindwing in both sexes, and on the disc of the NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 375 fore wing in the $, (b) the reduction of the red anal markings of the underside to two well-separated spots, one in 16, the other in 2. The distribution of this species, so far as indicated by the B.M. series, is : T. timon prometheus. Sierra Leone. T. timon timon. Gold Coast, S. Nigeria, Cameroous; Gaboon and Congo. T. timon orientius. Uganda. Argiolaus H. H. Druce. 1. Argiolaus gabunica sp. nov. (Pis. X and XI, fig. 8.) (J. Upperside, deep blue, without any trace of green ; on the forewing filling the cell and reaching costa almost as far as cell-apex except for a very narrow line, only just entering base of area 3, filling half area 2 and reaching in area lb to 1 mm. from margin ; on hindwing reaching vein 7 almost throughout its length, and vein lb except distally, enclosing a round black submarginal spot in area 2, invaded distally by a black triangular submarginal in Ic, and separated throughout from margin only by a very narrow black line ; anal lobe red with small black dot at extremity ; oval androconial patch dull dark brown, not reaching lower margin of cell ; abdominal and costal areas grey-brown. Underside white, forewing with costal edge and termen greyish ochreous, apex faintly suffused same colour ; no markings ; hair-pencil black. Hindwing with fine dark brown anteciliar line ; submarginal line commencing as an elongate orange spot in 6, thence narrower and grey-brown to vein 3, where swollen to a large orange patch not touching termen but just reaching discal line at vein 2 and enclosing an intensely black and rather large spot in 2, thence closely approxi- mated to the discal line and in colour orange, expanding and becoming redder when encircling the black spot on the lobe ; the later separated from termen by white, partially surrounded by scattered violet scales ; submarginal line is continued from the upper edge of lobe as far as extremity of vein la ; discal line very fine, brownish, interrupted at each vein, commencing before extremity of vein 8, in areas 3-6 about four times as far from submarginal line as that is from margin, but slightly convergent to submarginal line and closely approximate to it in areas la, lb and Ic and there co-extensive with it. Frons black, white-edged. Legs white. Forewmg with 12 veins. Length of forewing, 19 mm. Habitat. Gaboon. Type S, ex Crowley Coll. (B.M. Type No. Rh. 318), unique. In the key to lolaus (subg. Argiolaus) given by Amivillius in Seitz (vol. xiii, p. 392) this specimen runs out to julus and menas. From both of these it can be separated by the much deeper blue of the upperside, the largely orange-coloured submarginal line on underside of hindwing by means of which the anal spot and the spot in area 2 are joined (these are divided in julus and menas), and by the inclusion in the latter of a large black spot absent in both the other species. The underside markings of this c? agree in the main with those of 6 $5 of aelianus in the B.M., and I had at one time regarded it as the hitherto unrecognised (^ of that species. But whereas in aelianus $$ the discal and submarginal lines on the imderside of the hindwing are confluent towards the costa, in the J of gabunica they are widely separated, a difference which, in the present state of our know- ledge, would seem to preclude their union as sexes of a single species. "''" NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. 2. Argiolaus jamesoni Druce. (a) A. jamesoni jamesoni Druce. ?. The blue of the upperside is the same as in A. aelianm ?, but its outer edge is more ragged on the forewing, where also it invades the bases of areas 4 and 5 (in aelianus it just invades the base of area 4 only). On the hindwing upperside no trace of a discal line is present except in Ic, large black marginal spots, almost contiguous, are present in areas Ic, 2, 3 and 4, and between these and the heavy black anteciliar line (especially in areas Ic and 2) there is consider- al)Ie white scaling ; the orange spot above the black anal spot is markedly triangular. Underside faintly creamy. Forewing with no marking before the pro- minent, thick, submarginal line which, from vein 1 to vein 3, is orange, thence dark brown and, from vein 4, fused with the similarly coloured apical area ; the latter dark-brown area extends to just below vein 2, tapering to a pomt. On the hindwing the discal black line is as in the ^ ; the submarginal line is similar, but much thicker, from vein 7 to 6 orange, from 6 to 4 mainly dark brown, but much expanded and orange at the vein, between 4 and 3 expanded to form a very large quadrate orange spot that encloses an intensely black spot larger than the anal one, orange and curved from 2 to Ic, in lb also orange and expanded to fuse with the red mark surmounting the black anal spot, thence to inner margin verj' narrow and black. Neallotype ? from " Cameroons " (B.M. Type No. Rh. 335), and one other. The feature by which the female of A. jamesoni is most easily recognised consists of the orange expansions of the submarginal line on the underside of the hindwing, a character shown also in the (J, but more obvious in the western than in the eastern subspecies. (b) A. jamesoni entebbeae ssp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, figs. 6 (^, 7 $). cj. Differs from A . jamesoni jamesoni by its smaller size — forewing length 19 mm. as compared with 22 mm. — and pure white underside gromid-colour. On the hindwing upperside the blue extends into area 6 only as a small triangular patch, whereas in jamesoni jamesoni it extends broadly across this area to reach vein 7 ; the apex of hindwing is in consequence rather more widely black than typically ; androconial patch extending barely halfway across cell. ?. Upperside differs from the typical $ in having on the hindwing a faintly indicated discal line and rather smaller black marginal spots. On the uiulerside the submarginal band is orange on the forewing to above vein 3 and on the liind- wing completely orange. Habitat. Uganda, Entebbe, 1-11. ix. 1911 (8. A. Neave), Type ^ (B.M. Type No. Rh. 320) and 2 others, all males ; Bopoto, Upper Congo (Rev. R. Smith), (Type ?), in Tring Museum. The discal line on the hindwing underside in A. jamesoni is obsolescent, con- sisting of a series of short internervular lines running parallel with the margin and at a distance of about 3 mm. from it. Closely approximated to this, and therefore some distance removed from the margin, runs a strongly developed completely orange submarginal line. This is a very distinctive feature of the species and one of considerable value for identification purposes. The miderside NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 377 ground-colour of the type-specimen of jamesoni is creamy ; the white along the costa of the forewing on the upperside is much exaggerated in Diuce's figure, consisting really of a few scattered white scales amongst many others that are blue. 3. Argiolaus parasilanus Rebel. (a) A. parasilanus divaricatus ssp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, figs. 4 (J, 5 $.) cJ. Upperside, rather pale greenish, faintly sliining blue. Forewing : area 12 with a few pale greenish scales at base, then hoary grey, shading into the black of remainder of costal area, apex and termen ; blue extending over anterior cell edge only as far as vein 12, barely into base of area 5, rather more in area 4, occupying basal two-fifths of area 3 and three-fifths of area 2, in lb reaching to 2 mm. from termen ; cilia dark brown. Hindwing ; the circular shining dark brown sex-patch extends to lower edge of cell, it is centrally lighter brown ; abdominal area and costa broadly dark grey, the latter extending, and becoming black rather broadly (at least 1 mm.) to vein 4, thence more narrowly to anal lobe ; the blue area extends broadly (5 mm.) across area 6 to reach vein 7 throughout its breadth ; a submarginal black dot in area 2 and another larger and triangular in Ic ; anal lobe red, black at its extremity ; cilia white, basally grey. Underside, creamy, with faint ochreous tinge. Forewing very slightly infuscate along costa, termen and at apex ; a prominent but fine dark brown discal line from vein 7 to vein 1, distant 5 mm. from termen at vein 7, 3 mm. at vein 2, slightly curved, an ill-defined much interrujited submarginal dark line nearer to margin than to discal line, and an extremely fine light brown anteciliar line ; cilia light grey proximally, darker distally ; hair-pencil black. Hindwing : discal line perfectly straight from its origin at vein 8 (at 2 mm. from extremity) to centre of area Ic where, at a point 1 mm. distant from submarginal line, it turns to run parallel with inner margin to vein la ; submarginal line well- developed, conspicuous, orange, in an even curve from vein 7 (1 mm. from margin) to inner margin just above lobe, slightly expanded distally first in area 2, where it bears a minute black point on its outer edge, and then again in lb ; a fine black anteciliar line ; lobe crimson, surrounded inwardly by a ring of violet scales and enclosing a black spot at its extremit}'. $. Upperside, pale but bright iJowdery blue, most intense towards the bases of the wings. Forewings : the boundaries of the blue area e.xactly in the male ; faintly whitish about the cell-end. Hindwing : the black border much wider than in (J, 3 mm. at vein 6, 1 mm. at vein 5, expanding again in Ic ; the discal line of underside repeated above in the form of short black lines in areas Ic to 5. Underside exactly as in the ^, except for a fine and very faint line along forewing discocellulars. Frons black, white-edged. Legs white. Length of forewing, ^J and $ 19 mm. Habitat. Kenya Colony : Nandi Plateau, 5,700-6,200 feet, May 30-June 4, 1911 (S. A. Neave), Type (^ (B.M. TypeNo. Rh. 317) ; Yala R., S. edge Kakumga Forest, 4,800-5,300 feet. May 21-28, 1911 {S. A. Neave), Type $ (B.M. Type No. Rh. 319) ; Uganda, Buddu, W. shore L. Victoria Nyanza, 3,700 feet, Sept. 19-25, 1911 {S. A. Neave), 1 $. 378 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. In the West Coast region occurs a local race of this species that may be known as : (6) A. parasUanus mabillei ssp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, figs. 2 ^,3 $.) (^$. Diffeifrom ■parasUanus divaricatus in their slightly larger size, much deeper blue upperside and more ochreous undersides. The cJ has a larger central light brown patch in the androconial area on the hindwing ; the female is devoid of any trace of white and is more broadly black bordered. On the underside the discal line on the hindwing is slightly less divergent from the submarginal, and the latter is considerably expanded in area 2, there almost enclosing a much larger black spot ; and above the lobe, and between these two points it partially reaches the discal line. Habitat. Portuguese Congo, Landana, April-May (ex coll. Oberthur ex coll. Mabille), Type ^ (B.M. Type No. Rh. 321) ; " Afr. occ." (ex. coll. Oberthiir, ex coll. MabUle), Type ? (B.M. Type No. Rh. 322) ; Gaboon, 1 ,5 (ex coll. Oberthiir). The prominent orange submarginal line and the strongly divergent discal line on the hindwing underside should serve to distinguish this species at once. It is most closely related to A. paneperata Druce, differing from that species principally in the direction of the markings just mentioned. (f) A. parasUanus parasUanus Rebel (Pis. X, XI, fig. l ^.) Since the above was written Professor Rebel has most kindly lent me the type of his /. parasUanus for examination, and I find that it is not only closely related, as I expected, to what I had called divaricatiw, but actually conspecific with it. It may be conveniently compared with the description of ssp. divaricatus, the following differences being noted : Upperside, the blue rather deeper in tone, almost as in ssp. mabillei, rather less extensive anteriorly on the forewing and decidedly so on hindwing ; black margin of hindwing 3 mm. wide at vein 6, about twice as wide thi'oughout as in ssp. divaricatus ; the blue area only occupying a triangular area at base of area 6 ; androconial area not reaching lower edge of cell, 4-5 mm. long (6 mm. long in divaricatus). Underside purer white ; discal Unes of both wings thicker, browner ; submarginal line of forewing thicker, evenly curved, orange ; submarginal line of liindwmg more widely separated from margin, orange ; spot in area 2 very slightly large than in divaricatus, red, with only a few black scales. That part of AurivUlius's key to Argiolaus which includes the species so far dealt with may be amended as follows : o Upperside coloration blue, sometimes slightly greenish. § Blue coloration extending fully into area 12. J Hw. underside without submargmal line, discal Une faint. 1 . Upperside colour bright sky-blue without green shimmer menus 2. Upperside colour darker, at certain angles with strong green shimmer ....... julus {{ Submarginal line present. 1. Submarginal line complete, orange, very closely approximate to discal line ..... jamesoni NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 379 2. Same line grey, or only orange in area 6 and from area 2 to anal lobe, well separated from discal line, (o) Upperside colour bright sky-blue without green shimmer, no submarginal spot on hw. ups. . menas (6) Upperside colour darker, at certain angles with strong green shimmer ; hw. ups. with sub- marginal black spots ..... gabunica §§ Blue colour not extending broadly into area 12, hw. with black submarginal spots in lb and 2. 1. Hw. imderside with discal and submarginal lines diverging widely towards costa, submarginal line orange ........ parasilanus 2. Same lines subparaUel ; submarginal line grey (rarely orange) between veins 3 and 7. (a) Thick black marginal line on hw. underside from anal lobe to vein 3 . . . . . schultzei (b) At most some dusky subfusion in this region . paneperata 00 Upperside coloration distmctly green ..... calisto 4. Argiolaus poecilaon sp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, fig. Q^.) (J. Upperside as in A . laonides but practically devoid of any tinge of green ; outline of blue area on forewings as in laonides, but approaching the termen rather more closely in area la. The hindwing is without black submarginal spot across vein 2, and the blue extends broadly to vein 7, leaving a wide (2 mm.) black apical mark ; androeonial area accordingly restricted and not extending beyond the end of the cell. Underside as in laonides except that the forewing is without the broad blackish suffusion that occupies areas la and lb in that species, and that on the hindwing the black spots in area 2 and on the anal lobe are reduced to mere dots, the orange that in laonides surrounds and connects them being confined to a faint circle round each spot. $. Upperside lighter blue than in (J, especially distally. On the forewing the blue occupies the same area as in the (^. On the hindwing its anterior margin is evenly rounded and barely extends above vein 6 ; a dark and fairly wide submarginal line from anal lobe to vein 3. Underside Uke that of the i^, but the forewing marginal band rather wider towards apex, and the submarginal orange line on the hindwing more prominent. (This female is in better condition than either of the males.) Frons black, edges white. Legs grey, not banded. Length of forewing, 15-17 mm. ((J and $). Habitat. Uganda, Entebbe, 1-11. ix. 1911 (S. A. Neave), 2 ^^, including Type (B.M. Type No. Rh. 323) ; Entebbe, Sept. 1900 (Allotype ? in J. J. Joicey coll.). It is possible to regard this as an eastern subspecies of A. laonides, but the entire absence of the black suffusion in areas la and lb of the underside of the forewing, so prominent a feature of laonides, seems rather to miUtate against this opinion. ggQ NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXIV. 1928. 5. Argiolaus catori B. Baker. (a) A. catori catori B. Baker (Pis. X, XI, fig. 10 ?.) 5. Similar to the female of ssp. coitoni (see below) except that the forewing blue area is devoid of white suffusion, the general tone of the blue is rather darker, the black spots in Ic (marginal) and 2 (submarginal), the former not present in cotloni, are here large and prominent, almost touching. On the underside of the forewing the apical area is noticeably more darkened than in the o or in cotioni, being suggestive of laon or laonides, and discal and submarginal lines are both present or indicated, both grey brown in colour, and very closely approximated ; on the hindwing the markings are as in the male, except that the discal line is rather better developed and the spot in area 2 is larger and inclined to be orange rather than red — in 2 specimens from Sierra Leone it includes a black spot. Habitat. Ivory Coast (Cremer), 1918 (ex Oberthiir coll.); (Neallotype ?, B.M. Type No. Rh. 325). Also in B.M. from Sierra Leone (2 $$ ex Hewitson coll., labelled belli), and " W. Africa " (1 ? ex Godman and Salvin coll.). The females of J. catori catori, chiefly on account of the markings of the under- side, are extraordmarily suggestive of the ? of E. laon, with which indeed they had formerly been confused in the B.M. The uppersides are quite different. The two females from Sierra Leone bear prominent black spots in the orange marks on the hindwing undersides in area 2 ; in this respect they are atypical, but the four females of ssp. cottoni available (see below) exhibit the same variation. A. catori catori is represented in the Cameroons, the Congo and Uganda by the subspecies cottoni B. Baker. Cottoni differs from catori in having a much wider black apical area to the forewing above, and a complete and fairly strongly marked discal line on the underside of the hindwing. The females may be characterised briefly as follows : (6) A. catori cottoni B. Baker (Pis. X, XI, fig. 11 ?.) $. Upperside, forewing black with a large powdery blue area (basally green- ish) occupying the cell (except antero-distally), \ of area 3, i area 2, area lb to within 2 mm. and la to witliin 3 mm. of termen ; in areas 3, 2, the neighbouring part of lb and the distal half of cell mainly replaced by white. Hindwing powdery grey-blue, the costa to vein 5 and upper edge of cell, the abdominal area and part of ic grey ; a diffuse dark submarginal spot in 2 ; indications of a faint discal line placed at little inward of that on underside ; and lobe black, with a few green scales. Underside as in cj. Neallotype, ?, Uganda, Toro, Daro or Durro Forest, 4,000-4,500 feet, 25^29 Oct., 1911 {S. A. Neave) (B.M. Type No. Rh. 324). Two other $9 and 1 taken during June-July 1909 (dry season) is in the B.M. (Adams coll.). Another cJ in B.M. dated November, 1 ^ in Tring Museum Oct. -Nov. and another Jan.-March, are all from Bitje, Ja River. 5. Epamera farquharsoni B. Baker. This species is readily distinguished by the extreme expansion of the inner margin of the forewing, which far exceeds that of any other species in the genus. The wide black outer half of the forewing is also characteristic. Curiously, Bethune Baker omits all reference to the former character in his description of the insect. The tibiae are white, laterally blackened, not prominently banded with black and white as is usual in this group, the tarsi alone being banded, very deli- cately ; in this feature the species resembles scintillans and bolissus, cytaeis and flavilinea. 6. Epamera bansana yalae sp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, figs. 17 (J, 18 $.) (J. Upperside, forewing black, the rather pale chalky blue area reaching in the cell to origin of vein 2 only, not filling cell-apex, nor extending into costal area, on the disc only reaching vein 2 near its base, its outer edge running thence to vein 1 at 2 mm. from termen. Hindwing blue of same colour, barely reaching vein 6, but extending up to anteciliar line between vein 5 and anal lobe, thus including the submarginal dusky line ; the androconial area occupies about half the costal length, but reaches neither the base of the wing nor the lower edge of the cell ; submarginal line thickened to form an oval black spot in area Ic ; lobe half orange, half black overlaid with green scales ; a short tail at vein 3. Under- side very pale grey. Forewing with fine brown line at cell-end ; brown discal line from 9 to vein 2, straight, rather nearer to cell-end than to termen ; a curved, finer submarginal line from vein 7 to vein 2, grey-brown ; anteciliar line grey- brown ; cilia white ; hair-pencil black. Hindwing : a line at cell-end, as on forewing ; discal line brown from vein 8, just before extremity, where it com- mences, to vein 2, then black, somewhat concave between vein 8 and vein 6, curved strongly in area Ic and then almost straight to inner margin ; submarginal line rather irregular, grey-brown from costa to vein 3, thence swollen to form orange spot in area 2 (outwardly bearing a black dot), broken in Ic, then orange and 386 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. deflected to touch lobe-spot before reaching inner margin ; lobe-spot black, inwardly orange, heavily dusted with metallic scales ; anteciliar line black, preceded by a greyish shade ; cilia white. Frons orange, ventrally white. Legs conspicuously black-and-white banded. $. Upperside, the blue area much famter, less heavily scaled than in the cJ, and extending just beyond vein 4 so as to include the bases of areas 2 and 3 ; this additional area is, however, mainly white. Hindwing costal and abdomliial areas rather light grey-brown, the former e.xtending to vein 5 and darkest where crossed by the extremities of the discal and submarginal lines ; discal lines else- where really barely visible except by transparency ; submarginal line large and rather diffuse, followed by a white line and a marginal diffuse dark line of its own width ; anteciliar line black. The anal portion of the wing is missing. Underside as in the ^J in so far as the condition of the type permits comparison. Habitat. Kenya Colony, Yala R., S. edge of Kakumga Forest, 4,800-5,300 feet, 21-28 May, 1911 (-S. A. Neave) (B.M. Types No. Rh. 328 ^ and 332 $) ; Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon, 6,000-6,400 feet, 7-9, Aug. 1911, 3 ?? (S. A Neave) ; Nandi Plateau, 5,700-6,200 feet, 30 May-4 June, 1911 (S. A. Neave) ; Masai Reserve, nr. Mara River, 25. v. 1913, 1 $ (^4. 0. Luckman). Bethune Baker's female type of E. bansnna bansana came from the Banso Mts. in the Cameroons at an altitude of 6,000 feet. Its most striking feature is the width of the discal line on the underside. In this respect it is approached by one of the females in the B.M. from Mt. Kokanjero (S.W. of Elgon, Kenya Colony), but the other two females from the same locality and the female type of yalae from the Yala River, like the ^ described above and two other males from the Nandi plateau, all have quite narrow discal lines. The resemblance of this species, in the female, to 7. bolissus is very striking, as pointed out by Bethune Baker, but in the three species of true lolaus (eurisus, bolissus and carina) the orange and black spot on the hindwing underside in area 2 touches the margin, whereas in bandana it is considerably removed from it. 7. Epamera violacea sp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, figs. 19 (J, 20 ?.) cj. Upperside, hindwing and basal half of forewing rather soft, powdery, slightly violaceous blue, almost of the same shade as that of E. sidus, but slightly deeper and duller ; remainder black or dark grey. Forewing blue area occupies basal half of area 11, the cell except a small apical portion, a small triangle at base of 2, the whole of area lb except a roughly L-shaped portion against the margin and vein 2, and the whole of area la; cilia dark grey. Hindiving costal and abdominal areas grey-brown ; androconial patch small, pale, about 2 mm. in diameter, set in a large darker glossy area that extends to the base, but on vein 5 is 6-7 mm. distant from margin ; no discal line or submarginal line ; marginal line very close to anteciliar line, represented in area Ic by a prominent oval black spot, in area 6 and 7 by dark shades against the apex, and between these points very faintly indicated only ; lobe mainly white, black spot small and inconspicuous because overlaid by metallic scales, orange rather larger, but not conspicuous ; anteciliar line black ; cilia pale grey. Underside white, inclined rather to greyish than to cream-colour. Forewing with well-marked cell bar and discal line, both slightly ochreous brown, the latter running straight from area 9 (just before extremity of vein 10) to the middle of NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 3S7 vein 2, then curving inwards and ending on vein 1 ; submarginal line rather darker, less well defined, interrupted at each vein, placed slightly nearer to the termen than to discal line and extending from vein 7 to vein 1 ; between the submarginal line and the termen the ground colour is somewhat greyer than elsewhere ; anteciliar line grey-brown, extremely fine ; cilia shining grey ; inner marginal hair-tuft intensely black and lying in a pearly white area. Hindtving cell-bar as on forewing ; discal Ime from costa immediately before extremity of vein 8, straight and rather thick, ochreous-brown, as far as middle of vein 3, thence narrower and wavy, and straight in general direction to the middle line of area Ic, where it becomes thread-like and black and turns to end on vein la just before its extremity ; submarginal line rather darker (as on forewing), arising on costa midway between discal line and apex, and converging almost to meet discal line in Ic, about vein lb becoming orange, in area lb deflected to touch lobe-spot, thence more prominent than elsewhere, orange, running along inner margin to terminate at vein la ; a minute red spot on outer edge of submarginal line in area 2 ; between submarginal line and termen some grey shading, especially in area Ic ; lobe-spot small, red, outwardly black, metallic-scaled, separated from margin outwardly by white triangular space ; anteciliar line very fine, black ; ciUa pearly white ; tails black, white-edged. $. Upperside distinctly violaceous. Forewing blue area as ua ^, but with the addition of a whitish blue diflfuse extension into the bases of areas 2 (half), 3 (a third) and 4 (a small patch basally only). Hindwing costal area very pale and extending fully to vein 6 ; discal line represented in areas 6 and 7 by large grey-brown spots, elsewhere indicated mainly by transparency ; submarginal line strongly developed, spots large, especially in areas 5 and 6 ; a strong marginal series of oblong spots, developed in area Ic into a large prominent oval black spot, and elsewhere most prominent in areas 5 and 6 ; otherwise as in cJ- Under- side markings and colour as in (J. Frons orange ; legs white, only very faintly banded on tibiae and tarsi with dark grey. Length of forewing, ^J 15 mm., $ 17 mm. Habitat. Angola, Pungo Andongo, May and July 1875 {A. v. Homeyer), 4 ^^, 2 ?? in Tring Museum ; Belgian Congo, Tanganyika District, M'pala (Guilleme), 1 ?, in B.M. Holotype cJ not dated ; female type dated 3.7.75. This species is closely related to E. bansana B. B., with which indeed the single $ in the B.M. from M'pala, Tanganyika District, Belgian Congo, had been associated. The discovery of a series of 4 (J (J and 2 $$ from Pungo Andongo, Angola, in the Trmg Museum, however, clearly establishes it as a good species. The (J (J are deeper violaceous blue than those of E. bansarui yalae, and the blue on the hindwing extends almost up to the costa. The females are readily dis- tinguished by their violaceous tint ; they closely resemble those of E. bakeri on the upper side, but the under surfaces are quite distinct. On the hmdwing under- side the straightness of the discal line, the minute size of the crimson rather than orange spot in area 2, and of the lobe-spot, are characters of some use in recognising the species. In Mr. Joicey's collection there is a ,^ from Zoniba (Jan. 1921) and a $ from Mt. Mlanje (Feb. 1925), both in Nyasaland, that differ somewhat from Angolan specimens. The differences, however, are slight and not of the same order in both specimens, so that it is not possible to form from them an opinion as to whether or not they represent a local race. 388 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 8. Epamera bakeri sp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, fig. 21 ?.) $. Upperside powdery, rather greyish blue ; margins black. Forewing with the blue occupying the whole of the cell (except the extreme apex), the basal third of area 3, basal three-fifths of area 2, and reaching to within 1-5 mm. of termen in area lb ; cilia grey. Hind wing with abdominal area and costal area (broadly) grey-brown ; blue extending from base to anteciliar line between vein lb and vein fi, but only attaining the latter vein in its proximal half ; discal black line distant 3 mm. from termen and parallel to it, interrupted at each vein, the lower ends of the portion in areas 2 and 3 directed distad ; submarginal spots moderately large, especially in Ic, black, and just separated from the prominent though narrow anteciliar black line by a fine line of the blue ground-colour ; lobe mainly white, but with a very small orange spot proximally and some metallic scaling ; cilia white. Underside white. Forewing with a very delicate discal black line from vein 1 to vein 9 ; an extremely fine anteciliar line ; cilia very pale grey. Hindwing discal line very delicate and l^lack, complete, parallel to margins ; submarginal line faint, not sharply defined, black from costa to vein 3, then thickened slightly to form a small blood-red spot, in area Ic represented by a few red scales only which connect with the lobe-spot, thence to vein la on margin ; antecUiar line very sharp and black, between it and submarginal line a little grey shading, especially in Ic ; cilia pale grey ; lobe as on upperside, but with considerably more red proximally. Frons orange, narrowly edged with white. Legs not banded. Length of forewing, 16-17 mm. Habitat. Port. E. Africa, valley of Kola River, near Mt. Chiperone, 1,500- 2,000 feet, 3.iv.l913 (S. A. Neave) (Holotype ?, B.M. Type No. Rh. 333); Rhodesia, Luwumbu valley. Upper Luangwa, 2,500-3,500 feet, 19-26 July 1910 (S. A. Neave), 2 ?$ ; Salisbury, 15.vii.l917, 1 ?. 9. Epamera bellina Ploetz. (a) Epamera bellina exquisita ssp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, fig. u J.) cJ. Upperside, the blue of the forewing replaced to some extent by white about the apex of the cell and the bases of areas 2 and 3. On the hindwing the apex is broadly black (almost 3 mm. wide against 1 mm. or less in bellina bellina), and the space between the marginal and submarginal black spots in area Ic is com- pletely filled by a square pure white spot. On the underside the apex of the fore- wing is distinctly cloudy, and the discal and submarginal lines clearly defined ; the hindwing discal line is straighter and rather bolder than in bellina bellina, and instead of fusing with the red (and black) submarginal spot in area 2 at vein 3 only joins it at vein 2 and is orange in this area, not red ; the red and black spot just mentioned is smaller than in the West Coast form. Habitat. Uganda, S.E. Buddu, Tero Forest, 3,800 feet, 26-30. ix. 1911 (S. A. Neave), 2 ^^, including holotype (B.M. Type No. Rh. 327). (6) Epamera bellina maris ssp. nov. (Pis. X, XI, fig. 15 ^J.) (J. Upperside as in E. bellina bellitia, except that there is a white area on the forewing and a square pure white spot on the hindwing in area Ic as in E. bellina exquisita. Underside as in bellina bellina. Described from 2 ^J^J, including Holotype labelled "' San Thome, 1926 (T. A. NOVITATES ZooLoaicAE XXXIV. 1928. 389 Barnes)," both in Tring Museum. There is some doubt as to whether this locality is correct, as the material collected on San Thome by T. A. Barns for Mr. J. J. Joicey contained no examples of this species. It is curious that this species should have given rise to a race in San Thome which, in the development of the white markings of the upperside, exactly resembled the Uganda subspecies, though differing from it on the underside. 10. Epamera scintiUans Auriv. The known range of this species can be extended to N. Nigeria (1 c? in B.M.), Kenya Colony (Nasisi Hills nr. Mumias, 4,800 feet, 1 <^, S. A. Neave), S. Rhodesia (Umtali, 2 c? JJ JJ JJ -f • „ 8. J) gabunica sp. nov. (^ . „ 9. jj poecilaon sp. nov. c? . „ 10. )) catori catori $ . . . „ 11. jj catori cottoni $ . „ 12. Epamera niaesa Hew. c? • ■ • • „ 13. )» laon stetiogrammim ssp. nov. (J „ 14. )) bellina exquisita ssp. nov. jJ . „ 15. )j ,, maris ssp. nov. cJ „ 16. >) hemicyanus kamerunica ssp. nov. ^J „ 17. )> bansana yalae ssp. nov. .^ „ 18. ij JJ JJ JJ ¥ . • „ 19. JJ violacea sp. nov. (J . . . „ 20. ,, ,j ? . . . „ 21. JJ bakeri sp. nov. $ . „ 22. JJ fiavilinea sp. nov. cj . ,, 23. JJ cytaeis caerulea ssp. nov. (J . „ 24. JJ „ leonis ssp. nov. ^J „ 25. JJ aethria $ . „ 26. JJ aphnaeoides nasisii ssp. nov. $ „ 27. Pseudiolaus poultoni gen. et sp. nov. (J p. 378 p. 378 p. 378 p. 377 p. 377 p. 376 p. 376 p. 375 p. 379 p. 380 p. 380 p. 382 p. 384 p. 388 p. 388 p. 385 p. 385 p. 385 p. 386 p. 386 p. 388 p. 389 p. 390 p. 390 p. 390 p. 391 p. 392 NoviTATEs ZooLOGicE. VoL. XXXIV. 1927-1928. Pl. X. NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC/E. VoL. XXXIV. 1927-1928. Pl. XI. .r p: V'' 5^:^ ■^ r- iT 3.^t /?..>v •/ ^r 27 ^ NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXIV. 1928. 395 A COEEECTION. By ERNST HARTERT. TN page 367, antea, I described an adult male of a Falcon caught near Sfax, •^ which I called Falco peregrinus brookei. This was a strange error, the bird being undoubtedly a specimen of Faico peregrinus calidus Lath. Cf. Vog. pal. Fauna, p. 1046. This accounts for the difference from Falco peregrinus brookei described on p. 367, as well as for the locaUty where it was caught. On page 300, Dr. v. Jordans suggests the possibility of separating the Pere- grines of Mallorca from those of Corsica and Sardinia. To me they seem to belong to the same subspecies, and the small differences pointed out by Jordans seem to be individual, but the material available being very small, this is difficult to decide. If, however, the Mallorcan form could be separated, it would be the same as the one nesting in southern Spain and near Tanger, and it would require a new name, as the name punicus cannot be used. If Jordans (antea, p. 300) said that the Mallorcan birds were very close to the " nordafrikanische Wanderfalke," this statement requires modification : the " North -African " Peregrine is F. p. pelegrinoides, but he means evidently the form which nests in Spain and near Tanger, the latter being the only nesting-place known for certain in North Africa ; therefore the expression " North African " Peregrine is misleading. LEIPIDOPTERA COLLECTED BY THE British Ornithologrists' Union and Wollaston Expeditions in the Snow IVIountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea WITH TWO COLOURED PLATES By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D. (LORD ROTHSCHILD) PRICE : £1 5s. (less 20% to Booksellers). A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY SPHINGIDAE By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., AND KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D. PRICE: £5 (less 20% to Booksellers). cxzxr and 972 pages, with 67 Plates. Annttal SubecripUon to " Novitates JZoologicae," £1 5s. Price of completed Volumes, £l,10t. Volume XXV and following issues, £1 15s.- (Commiseion for Booksellers on completed vohimee only.) Oommunieations, etc.* may be adtfreeeed to THE EDITORS OF " NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE," ZOOLOaiCAL MUSEUM, TRINO. Subscribers should give notice of the non-arrival of any numbers Immediately upon receipt of the succeeding part, otherwise the missing numbers cannot be replaced free. I'RINTED BY BAZELL, WAlliON UID VINEV, LD., LONDON AM1> AYLBSBUbV, NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE. H journal of Zooloo^. KDITBD BT LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D., Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN. Vol. XXXIV. No. 4. Pages 397-414. Issued Novembeb, 1928, at the Zoolooical Museum, Tbikg. PmNTED BY HAZELL, WATSON k VINEY, Ld., LONDON AND AYXESBUHY. 1928. Vol. XXXIV. N0VITATE8 ZOOLOaiCAU BSITBD MT LORD R0TH8CHILI), EBNST HAXTEET, and KABL JOBDAIT. CONTENTS OF NO. lY. FAdM INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV 397-414 TITLE PAGE, CONTENTS. LIST OF PLATES TO VOLUME XXXTV ^ ui O CO < o or a INDEX aalge (Uria), 326. abyssinicus (Passer), 198. .•\canthLs. 2S8, 289. Acanthopneuste, 214. .\ocipiter, 227, 303. Acoryniis. 78-80, 97-98. Acridotheres. 44. Acrocephalus, 214. 271, 272. acrochra (Zamaratla). 70. acuta (Anas), 320. adalberti (Aquila), ,303, 368. adamsoni (Papilio), 167. admiralitatis (Gallicolumba), 12. — (Phlegoenas), 12. aedon (Troglodytes), 188. Aegithina, 43. 45. aegra (Nectarinia), 207. Aegypius, 305 aequatorialis (Capito), 225. acruginosus (Circus), 304. .aesalon (Faico), ,301. aethria (Epamera), 390. allinis (Emberiza), 197. Afriliyx. 14. .Aideniosyne, 195. aircnsis (Cercomela), 216, Alauda, ^01,284, 360. alba (Crocethia), 315. — (Egretta), 310. ~ (Gyeis), 20. — (Motacilla), 286. albclhis (Mergus). 319. albcrti (Hypotacnidia), 21. — (Rallus), 21. albertorum (Rhipidura), 221. albicilla(Haliaetus). 305. albicollis (Muscicapa), 271. albida (Keinwardtoena), 8. — (Reinvvardtoenas), 8, albididorsalis (Sterna), 18. albidinueha (Domicella), 225, albidior (L>dage), 222. albifrons (Anser), 321. — (Sterna), 323, albiorbis (Pero). 61. albipectiis (Pomatorhin'is), 41, albiventris (MicroscelLs). 230, •27 albivitta (Chaniepelia). 11. albopictus (Epitaphius), 108, iilbotorquatus (Acrocephalus), 214, Alca, ,326, Aleedo, 297, aioinous (Papilio), 171, 172, Alcippc, 50, 129. Alcctoris, 25, 26, 306. Alectura. 31. alexandrinus (Charadrius), 317. allectus (Mecocerus), 96. allenbyi (Charadrius), 13. Alloplius, 109. Alioschema, 153, 1.54. alpina (Erolia), 315. Alsconax, 52, 220. .altera (Pyrrhula), 44. alternans (Litocerus), 81. — (Phlocobius), 103. alticola (Pero), 59. altilis (Acorynus), 79, aluco (Strix), 298. Amandara, 44. Amaurornis, 24, 229. Amblyornis, 190. Amblyospiza, 193, Ammomanes, 47, 201, 357, 358. Ammoperdix, 26. Amphipsylla, 174, Aniydrus, 192. Analisoma, 372. Anaplectes, 193. Anas, 50, 320. ancorinus (Xenocerus), 107, audrei (Crypturus), 33. Androceras, 83, 84, angolae (Pluvianus), 229. angoiensis (Erancolinus), 26. angulatus (Messiodocus), 85, annae (Ammomanes), 201, annulipes (Rawasia), 93, 103. anomalus (Crateropus), 218. .-Vnopyrops, 140, Auous, 18. Anser. 320, 321, anser (Anser), 320. ansorgpi (I.ioptilus). 21S. 397 398 ansorgei (XumicLi). ;jl. — (Sarotlinira). 2.'!. — (TriTon). 1. antarj;\Tcus (Artiocossus), 140. Antliuscopus. 209. Anthreptes, 206, 207. Antliribus, 97. Anthropoides. 313. .369. Anthus, .50. .52, 202. 203. 2Sli, 287. antialliis (Zygaenode.s), 91. antigone (Grus). 75. antiqiiorum (Phoenicopterus), 311. antonii (Rhipidura). 220. Apatenia, 89. apiaster (Merops), 205, 366. apivorus (Pemis). 305. Aplonis. 192. aplota (Xerthomma), 93. Apolecta, 103. 104. apricarius (C'haradrius), 316. Apteryx. 31, 32. Apus, 294, 295, 362-366. apus (Apus), 295. aquaticiis (Acrocephalus), 272. — (Rallus), 311. — (Sealops), 187. Aquila, 302, 303. 368. Arachnothera, 43. Araecerus, 94, 104. arborea (Liillula), 284. arboreus (Hypseua), 118. Arboricola, 28. archeri (Apiis), 363. orcticus (Colymbus), 325. arctomys (Ceratophyllus), 183. Ardea, 310. Ardeola. 309. Arenaria. 316. arenicola (Streptopelia), 10. — (Turtur). 10. arenioolor (Ammomanes), 357. Argiolaus, 375-382. argutus (Hypseiia), 120. Argya. 214. 218. arideensis (Sterna), 18. Arizelocichla. 223. armoricana (Perdix), 27. arquata (Xumcnius). 370. arquatus (Xumenius), 313. .•Vrtamides, 373. .Artamus, 42, 45. Artiocossus, 140. aruensis (Xylinades), 102. arundinaceus (Acrocephalus), 271. arvensis (Alauda), 284. asbenaicus (.Anthus), 203. aserriensis (Chordeiles). 224. Asio, 298. a*pericollis (Apolecta), 103. aspersiis (Physopterus), 78. Aspilates. 67. Astianu.', 155-1.57. .\stur, 50. a.stutu.s (Burhmiis), 13. ater (Parus), 284. — (Phoenicurus), 282. Athene. 298 atlas (Erithacus), 49. atra (Epipyrops), 138. — (Fulica), 312. — (Monasa), 51, atratus (Pterocles), 12. atricapilla (Munia), 44, 45. — (Sylvia), 273. atthis (.Alcedo). 297. aucklandica (Coenocorypha). 14. audaci-s (Geopelia), 10. audouini (Larus), 322. augur (Phaulimia), 122. aurantiiventris (ChJoris), 287. aurata (Araclmothera), 43. aurcsccntior (Ptilinopus), 5. aureus (Turdus), 276. australiacus (Ulorhinus), 121. Autotropis, 93. avosetta (Recurvirostra), 316. azorica (Columba), 7. bacillosus (Anthribus), 97. badius (Lanius), 270. baeri (Columba), 7. baeticatus (.Acrocephalus), 214, bakeri (Apus), 363. — (Meganthribus), 105. — (Porzana), 24. — (Psittiparus), 210. — (Scacorhj-nehus), 210. balearica (Fringiila), 290. — (Loxia), 290. — (Muscicapa), 270. — (Petronia), 290. ~ (Sylvia), 274. balearicus ((Parus), 284. — (Regulus), 284. balearoiberieus (Passer), 290. baliensis (Ptilinopus), 3. Barabusicola, 28, 39. bangsi (Cuculus), 297. — (Sterna), 18. banncrmani (Apus), .365. — (Cursorius), 13. banyumas (Cyornis). 2.50. barata (Papiho), 164. barbara (Epamcra), 391. bartclsi (Criniger), 51. basilanica (Gallicolumba). 229. 399 basilanioa (Plilegocnas), 229. Basitropis, 93, 103. bassana (Sula), 321. Batis, 222. battyi{Leptoptila), 11. bavarici (Carduelis), 50. beccariana (CyornLs), 245. beccarii (Dicaeum), 207. belli (Cuculus), 227. — (Urodynaniis), 226. bcllicosa (FrmgiUa), 52. bellina (Epamera), 388. bengalensis (Centropus), 39. benguellae (Teplirina), 68. benguellensis (Francolinu.s), 26. berezowskyi (Phasianiis), 28. berlepschi (Columba), 7. — (Crypturus), 32. bhamoensis (Stachyridopsis), 42. Biaa, 220. bicallosus (Sintor), 101. bicolor (Cyanoderma), 51. — (Iridiprocne), 188. bicornis (Acorynus), 97. bidens (Nessiara), 113. bilopha (Ereraophila), 46. bimaculatus (Acorynus), 98. biplaga {Sintor), 88. bisoctodentatus (Ctenophthalmus), 175. Blarina, 187. blarinae (Doratopsylla), 186. blayneyi (Anthus), 202. blytlii (Alcippe), 50, 129. boneili (Phylloscopus), 271. borealis (Anthus), 52. — (Budytes), 286. — (Ccratophyllus), 174. borin (Sylvia), 275. borneensis (Melanoperdix), 29. Botaurus, 309. Botriessa, 127, 128. bougainvillei (Artamides), 373. bowdleri (Bradornls), 52. Bowdleria, 215. brachydactyla (Calandrella), 285. — (Certhia), 284. Brachypteryx, 42, 45. brachypua (Pyrrhocorax), 355. brachyrhynchus (Cyanops), 225. Bradornis, 52, 220. brehrai (Ptilopachus), 29. brevicauda (Blarina), 187. brevicera (Troron), 1. brevipeimis (Mecocerus), 90. brevis (Acorynus), 79. breweri (Parascalops), 187. brookei (Falco), 367, 395. brooksbanki (Oenantlie), 216. 28 brunneus (Hypseus), 117. brynhilda (Pero), 65. Bubulcus, 310. Bucanetes, 355. buchanani (Argya), 218. — (Crateropus), 218. ■ — (Myrmecocichla), 216. — (Petronia), 198. ■ — (Serinus), 199. — (Turdoidea), 218. budongoensis (Otyphantes), 193. — (Ploceus), 193. — (Smitliornis), 224. Budytes, 286. buina (Hasora), 71. buUeri (Puffinua), 129. Burhinus, 13, 318. burnianicus (Buteo), 51. buruanus (PtUinopus), 5. buruensis (Megapodius), 31. Buteo, 51, 303. buteo (Buteo), 303. Caccorhinus, 103. cacharensis (Zosteropa), 208. cacliariensis (Geotrygon), 11. caerulata (Cyornis), 253. caerulea (Epamera), 390. — (Notocrypta), 72. caeruleifrons (Cyornis), 243. caeruleus (Porphyrio), 312. calandra (Emberiza), 291. Calandrella, 285, 357. Calendula, 200. Calidris, 14. calidus (Falco), 395. calix (Alloplius), 109. Callene, 216. calliergus (Tropideres), 82. callistrepta (Ischnopterix), 56. caUosus (Mecocerus), 78. calocephala (Cyornis), 246. camelinus (Cedus), 99. campestris (Anthus), 286. — (Carduelis), 50. Campethera, 226. Candida (Gygis), 20. cantUIans (Sylvia), 274. canus (Larus), 322. canutus (EroHa), 315. Capella, 313. capensis (Zygacnodes), 153. Capito, 225. Caprimulgus, 297. caraganae (Perdix), 29. carbo (Xylinadcs), 102. Carduelis, 50, 288. carina (lolaus), 382. 400 caroli (Crypturua), 33. carolinae (Galerida), 48. carolinensis (Galeoscoptes), 188. Carpodacus, 198. Carpophaga, 5, 6. carruthersi (Cisticola), 215. caspius (Porphyrio), 24. casta (Ehadinopsj-Ua), 175. castaneus (Tardus), 52. Casuarius, 34-37. catatina (LeptopsyUa), 186. Catharacta, 20. catori (Argiolaus), 380. catoxanthus (MecotropLs), lOG. caucasicus (Tardus), 52. caustomeris (Pero), 62. cavifer (Stiboderes), 102. Cediopsylla, 182. Cedus, 83, 99. centralis (Pyrrhocorax), 355. — (Quelea), 194. — (Sarothrura), 23. C