NUYTSIA Volumes • Number 1 1984 WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Cover Nuytsia floribunda (Labill.) R.Br. ex Fenzl — the Western Australian Christmas Tree. The journal is named after the plant, which in turn commemorates Pieter Nuijts, an am- bassador of the Dutch East India Company, who in 1627 accompanied the “Guide Zeepard” on one of the first explorations along the south coast of Australia. Cover design by Sandra Bird. NUYTSIA VOLUME 5 NUMBER 1 1984 28267—1 WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SOUTH PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA CONTENTS Page Four new names for Pimelea species (Thymelaeaceae) represented in the 1 Perth Region. By B. L. Rye Taxonomic clarification of the Lomandra odora group (Xanthorrhoeaceae or Dasypogonaceae). By T. D. Macfarlane 13 A new species and a new combination among the Proteaceae represented in the Perth Region. By B. L. Rye 25 Taxonomic notes on some Western Australian species of Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae). By J. R. Wheeler 31 Two new Western Australian species of Lomandra Labill. (Xanthor- rhoeaceae). By T. S. (Roland) Choo 43 Dryandra mimica, a new species of Proteaceae from south-west Western Aus- tralia. By A. S. George 49 Seven new orchids from Western Australia. By A. S. George 53 A new species of Darwinia (Myrtaceae) from the Perth Region, Western Aus- tralia. By N. G. Marchant 63 Reinstatement of Spinifex sericeus R. Br. and hybrid status of S. alterniflorus Nees (Poaceae). By G. F. Craig 67 Rumex (Polygonaceae) in Australia: a reconsideration. By K. H. Rechinger 75 Nine new species of Calothamnus Labill. (Myrtaceae: Leptospermoideae) from Western Australia. By T. J. Hawkeswood 123 Patersonia argyrea, a new species of Iridaceae from the Gairdner Range, Western Australia. By D. A. Cooke 155 Notes on Daviesia and Jacksonia (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) for the Flora of the Perth Region. By M. D. Crisp 159 Lomandra nutans (Xanthorrhoeaceae or Dasypogonaceae), a new species from the Stirling Range area. Western Australia. By T. D. Macfarlane 171 New combinations in Tribulopis (Zygophyllaceae) of the Western Australian flora. By Hansjoerg Eichler 177 Publication date of Nuytsia Volume 4 Number 3 177 Editorial Board T. D. Macfarlane (Editor) N. S. Lander B. L. Rye Editorial Assistant J. W. Lee-Frampton Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Perth, Western Australia 6151 Nuytsia 5(1): 1-11 (1984) 1 Four new names for Pimelea species (Thymelaeaceae) represented in the Perth Region B. L. Rye Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Perth, Western Australia 6151 Abstract Rye, B. L. Four new names for Pimelea species (Thymelaeaceae) represented in the Perth Region. Nuytsia 5(1): 1-11 (1984). Descriptions of three new Pimelea species (P. brevistyla Rye, P. calcicola Rye and P. ciliata Rye) are given in preparation for the “Flora of the Perth Region’’. A further species, which appears to be rare and endemic to the Perth Region, is given the new name P. rara Rye, based on P. lehmanniana Meissner var. ligustrinoides Benth. Introduction The Perth Region is defined for the proposed regional flora as the coastal strip of land extending from Gingin to Boyanup and inland to the highest peaks along the Darling Range (Merchant & Perry 1981). It contains 19 of the approximately 45 Pimelea species recorded for Western Australia. Three of the species occurring in the Perth Region are undescribed and another has been described only as a variety. These taxa are described here, prior to my projected revision of the genus in Western Australia, so that the names can be used in the proposed “Flora of the Perth Re- gion”. As in other Thymelaeaceae, Pimelea species have a floral tube consisting of outer axial tissue and inner tissue derived from the corolla and stamen whorls (Bunniger 1972). Calyx tissue arises at the summit of the axial part of the floral tube; hence the calyx apparently consists only of the so-called ‘calyx lobes’, which should, therefore, be known as sepals. In Pimelea, four sepals and two (very rarely one) free stamen filaments arise at the summit of the floral tube but the corolla lobes have been lost. The floral tube has a swollen basal portion surrounding the ovary or fruit and a more cylindrical, usually much longer, upper portion enclosing much of the style. For con- venience, these parts of the floral tube will be referred to here as the ovary and style portions. However, these portions should not be taken as indicating the precise lengths of the ovary and enclosed style respectively. Species descriptions Pimelea brevistyla Rye, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Planta inter Pimeleam preissii Meissner et P. ciliatam Rye quasi intermedia, a priore differt tubo florali non circumscisso, parte centrali pilis divaricatis obsito; a posteriore differt stylo brevie et staminibus subsessilibus connective lato piano. 2 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Typus: Glenburn Rd, Glen Forrest, Western Australia, 6 Oct. 1983, N. Cohen 1002 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW). Somewhat intermediate between Pimelea preissii Meissner and P. ciliata Rye, dif- fering from the former in the lack of circumscission and the long spreading hairs on the central part of the floral tube; differing from the latter in the short style and the suhsessile stamens, with a broad flat connective. Shrub erect, to 1.5 m tall, glabrous except for the inflorescences. Stems apically red -brown, becoming grey with age. Leaves opposite, decussate, spreading; petiole 0.5-1. 5 mm long; lamina usually narrowly ovate, 12-28 x 2-3.5 mm, concave or flat, tapering at both ends, often with a conspicuous yellowish midrib; the lateral margins incurved (when dry). Inflorescence a head-like condensed raceme, terminal, erect, of numerous flowers. Invohicral bracts 4 or 6, yellowish, 8-22 mm long, acute or acumi- nate; outer bracts glabrous, often separated by distinct internodes from the inner pair, the outermost pair (if 6 bracts present) often much more leaf-like than the others; inner bract pair broadly ovate-elliptic, 7-13 mm broad, much thinner than the leaves, glabrous outside, silky-hairy inside, the lateral margins densely ciliate. Flowers bisexual; pedicel c. 1 mm long, silky-hairy. Floral tube not circumscissile; ovary portion brown, ellipsoid, 2-4 mm long, prominently 8-ribbed, appearing glabrous but usually sparsely covered by minute reflexed or widely spreading hairs; style portion expanding gradually to c. 1 mm in diameter at the summit, 6-10 mm long, glabrous inside; lower half of the style portion brown, prominently ribbed, with minute hairs similar to those on the ovary portion, mixed (at least in the upper part) with spreading hairs 3-4 mm long; upper half of the style portion white, densely silky-hairy with appressed hairs to 1 mm long. Sepals spreading, white, ovate, 3- 6 mm long, obtuse, the outside with a similar vestiture to that of the upper part of the floral tube, the inside more sparsely hairy or glabrous. Stamens appearing sessile, the filaments c. 0.25 mm long; anther oblong, 1-2 x c. 0.7 mm; cells parallel on the inner face of a flat dorsal connective, which extends the full width of the anther. Ovary glabrous. Style c. as long as the style portion of the floral tube, the stigma usually borne in the throat of the tube. Other specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Muntadgin, E. T. Bailey 686 (PERTH); Wyalkatchem, Oct. 1937, W. E. Blackall s.n. (PERTH); Smith’s Mill [Glen Forrest], Sept. 1901, Diels & Pritzel s.n. (PERTH); Karragullen, A. R. Fairall 319A (PERTH); Serpentine Falls, J. W. Green 361 (PERTH); Merredin, M. Koch 2772 (MEL); Merredin, M. Koch 2843 (MEL); Kellerberrin, Sept. 1897, R. B. Leake s.n. (PERI’n); 13 mi [c. 21 km] NE Hyden, K. New'bey 1090 (PERTH); Serpentine, Sept. 1922, G. E. Perrin s.n. (MEL); 1 km from Wubin to Brinbro, M. E. Phillips 930 (CBG, PERTH); 1 mi [c. 1.6 km] S Wubin, 2 Oct. 1962, M. E. Phillips, s.n. (CBG); 5.3 mi [c. 8 km] S Wubin, M. E. Phillips 2928 (CBG); Darling Range, Sept. 1901, E. Pritzel s.n. (PERTH); 12 mi [c. 19 km] E Ballidu, R. D. Royce 2132 (PERTH); Helena Valley, J. Seabrook 584, (PERTH); Mt Caroline, 1890, G. Sewell s.n. (MEL); Ca 50 km NNW Merredin, D. J. E. Whibley 4726 (PERTH). Distribution and habitat. The species occurs both in the Darling Range near Perth and in the wheatbelt, the two areas separated by over 130 km (Figure 3A). The wheatbelt localities extend about 335 km in a north-west to south-east direction from Wubin to Hyden respectively. In the Darling Range, P. brevistyla has been recorded in gravelly sand and on granitic slopes. The habitat of the wheatbelt populations is uncertain but two of the known localities are probably granite outcrops. Flowering period. August-October. B. L. Rye, Pimelea 3 Figure 1. Pimelea brevistyla. A — Flowering branch. B — An outer and an inner bract. C — Flower bud. D — Newly opened flower. E — Mature flower. F — Side view of anther. G — Inner face of anther. H — Ovary. I — Upper style and stigma. Drawn from fresh material collected at the type locality. Discussion. This species does not appear to have any very close relatives. It bridges the gap between sect. Heterolaena, which includes Pimelea ciliata, and sect. Epallage, which includes P. preissii. 28267—2 4 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) In the Darling Range, Pimelea brevistyla has leaves 22-28 mm long, involucral bracts 12-22 mm long, sepals 5-6 mm long and the style portion of the floral tube is 8-10 mm long. Wheatbelt specimens have shorter leaves and flowers, not overlapping the range of measurements given for the Darling Range specimens. These differences may result from the difference in rainfall between the two areas, the wheatbelt lo- calities receiving less than 750 mm mean annual rainfall whereas the Darling Range receives over 1 050 mm. There are no obvious topographic or edaphic reasons for the disjunction in the known range of the species. It could possibly be due to inadequate collecting or to a paucity of granite outcrops in the intervening area. Derivation of name. Brevis (L) — short, stylus (L) — style. Pimelea calcicola Rye, sp. nov. (Figure 2) [Pimelea graciliflora auctt. non Hook.: Meissner in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 1: 605 (1845).] Pimeleae sylvestri R.Br. affinis a qua differ! bracteis fructiferis non reflexis, tubo florali magis cylindraceo, antheris late oblongo-ellipsoideis, carneis, connective dorso piano, thecis in facie adaxiali connectivi parallelis. Typus: Cromford Way, Carine, Perth, Western Australia, 10 Oct. 1983, N. Cohen 1007 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANS, K, MEL, NSW). Related to Pimelea sylvestris R.Br. but differs in the unreflexed fruiting bracts, more cylindrical floral tube, deep pink and broadly oblong-elliptic anthers and flat dorsal connective, with the anther cells lying parallel on the inside. Shrub erect, to 1 m tall, with a single main stem, glabrous. Stems apically pale green (sometimes pink-tinged), soon becoming red-brown then grey. Leaves opposite, decussate, usually spreading; petiole c. 1 mm long; lamina pale green (when dry), narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 17-27 x 4-7 mm, flat, with a conspicuous yellowish mid- rib; the lateral margins slightly incurved. Inflorescence a head-like condensed ra- ceme, terminal, erect, of numerous flowers. Involucral bracts 6 (rarely 4), leaf-like, ovate, 12-17 mm long, glabrous, not becoming reflexed in the fruit. Flowers bisexual, pale to deep pink, the lower part more deeply coloured; pedicel to c. 1 mm long, silky-hairy. Floral tube circumscissile; ovary portion 3.5-4 x c. 1.5 mm, glabrous; style portion cylindrical, expanding only slightly throughout its length to a maximum of c. 1.5 mm in diameter at the summit, 9-14 mm long, distinctly 8-veined, glabrous out- side, silky-hairy inside in the upper half, the circumscission point distinct 1-1.5 mm above the summit of the ovary portion. Sepals somewhat spreading, ovate, 2.5-5 mm long, concave, glabrous, the midrib thickened and incurved at the summit. Stamens 2.5-4 mm long; anther orange inside at dehiscence, rapidly becoming deep pink throughout, broadly oblong-elliptic, c. 0.8 x 0.5 mm; connective flat, almost as broad as the anther, the cells parallel on the inner face. Ovary silky-hairy at the summit. Style 15-20 mm long. Other specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: South of Fremantle, Sept. 1902, C. Andrews s.n. (PERTH); Mandurah, Aug. 1961, J. Burbidge s.n. (CANB); 29.6 mi [c. 48 km] S Fremantle, 3 Oct. 1968, E. M. Canning s.n. (CBG); Yanchep National Park, 5 Oct. 1968, E. M. Canning s.n. (CBG); Mandurah, C. F. Davies 138 (PERTH); Burns Beach Rd. H. Demarz .359 (PERTH); Mandurah, Oct. 1964, C. A. Gardner s.n. (PERTH); Madora Beach settlement, B. Haberley 201 (PERTH); North Fremantle, 3 Nov. 1897, R. Helms s.n. (PERTH); Yanchep National Park, B. L. Rye, Pimelea 5 Fifjure 2. Pimelea calcicola. A — Flowering stem. B — Top view of inflorescence. C — Flower with mature an- thers hut immature style. D — Flower with mature style and finished anthers. E — Inside portion of upper tube. F — Side view of anther. G — Inner face of anther. H — Ovary. Drawn from fresh material collected at the type locality. A. M. James 49 (PERTH); 24 mi peg [38 km] on Yanchep Road, F. Lullfitz 3700 (PERTH); The Plains, near Mandurah, V. Mann & A. S. George 32 (PERTH); Near Coogee, s.d., F. Mueller s.n. (MEL); S. loc., F. Mueller 165 (MEL); S. loc., F. Alueller 1274 (MEL); Yalgorup National Park, S. Faust 1341 (PERTH); Yanchep National Park, 27 Oct. 1962, M. E. Phillips s.n. (CBG); North of Wanneroo, F. G. Smith 1584. (PERTH); Victoria Park, J. L. Steedman s.n. (NSW); 24 mi [c. 38 km] Perth to Yanchep, 5 Oct. 1968, J. \V. Wrigley s.n. (CBG); S. loc., s. coll. (MEL 102496). ” Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Distribution and habitat. Extends about 150 km from Yanchep National Park in the north to Yalgorup National Park in the south (Figure 3B), occurring close to the coast associated with limestone. Flowering period. September-November. Discussion. Several authors (e.g. Diels & Pritzel 1904, Beard 1970) have followed Meissner’s misapplication of the name Pimelea graciliflora to this species. Pimelea graciliflora is conspecific with P. sylvestris R.Br., the closest relative of P. calcicola. As no type specimen has been located for P. graciliflora, the type description and illustration must be relied upon to identify the species. The taxon was reportedly grown from seed collected at King George Sound (Albany). Its flower colour and stamens were typical of P. sylvestris but the illustration suggests that the floral tube was more cylindrical than usual. Pimelea sylvestris typically has pure white flowers, although a few specimens are pale pink or pink-tinged, and its floral tube shows a more obvious expansion at the summit than in P. calcicola. In P. sylvestris, the involucral bracts become reflexed after flowering is completed and are often dark purple or black on the undersurface. The anthers are orange, more elongated (rounded oblong) than in P. calcicola, with the connective bent so that the cells are divergent rather than introrse. The two species are allopatric, the closest occurrences of P. sylvestris to P. calcicola being along the Darling Range in the vicinity of Perth (Figure 3B). However, P. sylvestris does occur on the coastal plain both north and south of P. calcicola 's range and occasionally occurs on limestone. Populations of P. sylvestris occurring on limestone in the north are much more similar to P. calcicola than those occurring elsewhere. Derivation of name. Calcis (L) — limestone, cola (L) — an inhabitant, referring to habitat. Pimelea ciliata Rye, sp. nov. Pimelea roseae R. Br. affinis a qua bracteis involucri multiciliatis minus productis, staminibus longioribus, floribus albis vel pallide roseis, tubo florali parte ovarii plerumque pilis longis carentibus differt. Tvpus: Glenburn Rd, Glen Forrest, Western Australia, 6 Oct. 1983, N. Cohen 1001 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, K, MEL, NSW). Related to Pimelea rosea R. Br. but differs in the more ciliate and less elongated involucral bracts, longer stamens, white or pale pink flower colour and, usually, ab- sence of long hairs on the portion of the floral tube surrounding the ovary. Shrub erect, to 1 m high, glabrous except for the inllorescences. Stems apically red-brown or orange-brown, becoming dark grey with age. Leaves opposite, decuss- ate, usually widely spreading; petiole to c. 1 mm long; lamina darker on the upper surface, narrowly elliptic-ovate, 7-22 x 2-7 mm, tapering to the base, tbe lateral mar- gins somewhat recurved; apex acute or acuminate, recurved. Inflorescence a head- like condensed raceme with an almost flat receptacle, erect, of numerous flowers. Involucral bracts 4-8, usually pinkish, sessile with a broad base, ovate or broadly ovate, 9-13 mm long, with ciliate lateral margins, otherwise glabrous; cilia long, often fairly dense. Flowers bisexual, white or pale pink; pedicel 1-2 mm loirg, with erect hairs c. 3 mm long. Floral tube 13-15 mm long, not circumscissile, glabrous inside; ovary portion strongly 8-ribbed, with numerous very short spreading hairs, very rarely with a few long hairs in the upper part; style portion c. 1.5 mm in diameter at B. L. Rye, Pimelea 7 A WESTERN AUSTRALIA THE SOUTH WEST B 0 lOO 200 300 Figure 3. Distribution maps. A~PimeIea brevistyla, Darling Range localities t and wheatbelt localities* . B — P. calcicola* and P. sylvestris -w . C — P. ciliataT and P. rosea* .D — P.raraM. the summit, 7-9 mm long; lower half of the style portion ribbed, silky-hairy with widely spreading hairs 3-4 mm long mixed with a few tiny hairs similar to those on the ovary portion; upper half of the style portion covered by very fine appressed hairs mostly c. 1 mm long. Sepals widely spreading, ovate or narrowly ovate, 3- 5.5 mm long, obtuse, the outside with similar hairs to those on the upper part of the floral tube mixed with large erect hairs, glabrous inside. Stamens 3.25-5.5 mm long; anther 0.75-1.5 x c. 0.3 mm; cells divergent when dehisced. Ovary glabrous. Style 11- 15 mm long. 8 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Selected specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Manjimup, H. J. Anderson 28 (PERTH); Armadale, Sept. 1901, C. Andrews s.n. (PERTH); West of Wagin, J. S. Beard 2107 (PERTH); 42 mi [c. 68 km] Perth to Toodyay, E. M. Canning 2808 (CBG); 71 mi [c. 114 km] Perth to Williams, 30 Sept. 1968, E. M. Canning s.n. (AD, CBG); Pickering Brook, 13 Nov. 1928, E. Dell s.n. (PERTH); Helena Valley, H. Demarz 1724 (CANB); Bickley Reservoir, H. Demarz 6199 (PERTH); Wagin, T. E. George 191 (MEL); Mount Barker, T. E. George 561 (MEL); Wooroloo, M. Koch 1424 (MEL); Manjimup, M. Koch 2455 (MEL); Lowden, Oct. 1909, M. Koch s.n. (AD); York, 1880, McHard s.n. (MEL); Kelmscott, 11 Sept. 1897, A. Morrison s.n. (BRI, CANB); Darlington, 6 Oct. 1910, A. Morrison s.n. (BRI); 2 mi [c. 3 km] E Kojonup, K. Newhey 1303 (PERTH); 54 mi [c. 87 km] Perth to Williams, 16 Oct. 1962, A'l E. Phillips s.n. (CBG); 5 mi [c. 8 km] W Darkin, M. E. Phillips 4005 (AD, CBG); Near Bramley, R. Pullen 9870 (CANB); Near Lesmurdie, J. Pulley 1346 (CBG); Jindong, R. D. Royce 2484 (PERTH); Bindoon to Moora, Aug. 1964, E. J. Salisbury & C. A. Gardner s.n. (PERTH); Mundaring Weir, 1936, J. Scott s.n. (NSW); Rocky Pool, Sept. 1929, A. Steffanoni s.n. (ADW); Stirling Range, F. W. Went 154 (PERTH); Cowaramup to Margaret River, D. J. E. Whibley 5044 (AD, PERTH); Manjimup to Nannup, D. J. E. Whibley 3242 (AD, NT); Near Porongurup Range, P. G. Wilson 3369 (AD, CBG, PERTH); Collie River, P. G. Wilson 3761 (PERTH); Distribution and habitat. Extends from north of Bindoon (north of Perth) to the ex- treme south-west of the State and to the Porongurup Range near Albany (Figure 3C). Recorded from heavy soils in lateritic or granitic areas, usually on hills. Flowering period. August-November. Discussion. Bentham (1873) and later authors have apparently regarded Pimelea ciliata as a white-flowered variant of P. rosea R. Br. Photographs of both species, re- garded as two variants of P. rosea, are given in Erickson et al. (1979: 27, 48). In the Perth Region the two species are quite distinct in their morphology and habitat. Apart from tbe differences noted in the diagnosis, Pimelea rosea has short sepals (2. 5-3. 5 mm) and occurs along the coast, whereas P. ciliata has sepals 4-5.5 mm long and occurs on or near the Darling Scarp and Range. P. ciliata usually has white flowers, the few pink-flowered specimens being a much paler pink than in P. rosea. However, P. ciliata becomes progressively more like P. rosea in some of these charac- ters towards the south of its range, where it frequently has pale pink flowers, shorter sepals (3-4 mm) and stamens only just exceeding the sepals. In P. rosea the stamens are normally shorter than the sepals, although a few specimens on the south coast, especially near Albany, have stamens slightly exceeding the sepals. Throughout its range, P. rosea tends to have softer leaves than P. ciliata. In the extreme south-west corner of Western Australia, Pimelea ciliata and P. rosea are readily confused. They occur close together and may be sympatric (Figure 3C), although on tbe whole they appear to be separated by the same habitat differ- ence as in the Perth Region. The south-western specimens of P. ciliata can be dis- tinguished by their longer floral tubes, almost invariable lack of long hairs on the ovary portion of the floral tube, slightly longer stamens, which just exceed the sepals, more ciliate bracts and paler flower colour, although a few P. rosea specimens in this area are also rather pale. Pimelea ciliata can also be confused in the extreme south- west with P. hispida R.Br., which differs in having rather dense hairs on the inside of the involucral bracts. Possibly, the three species occasionally hybridize because a few specimens of each possess a character more typical of one of the other species. B. L. Rye, Pimelea ^ Derivation of name. Cilium (L), referring to the cilia on the involucral bracts. Pimelea rara Rye, nom. et stat. nov. (Figure 4) Pimelea lehmanniana Meissner var. ligustrinoides Benth. FI. Austral. 6; 9 (1873). Type: Swan River (Western Australia), Drummond, 1st collection (lecto: K; iso: K, NY). Figure 4. Pimelea rara. A — Flowering stem. B — Portion of stem showing leaf bases. C — Flower, D — Portion of flower showing hairs at the throat. E — Outer face of anther. F — Inner face of anther. G — Upper style. Drawn from W.A. Ross 435 and the lectotype. 10 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Shrub, erect, to at least 0.35 m tall, glabrous except for the inflorescences. Stems dark brown to black, apically with a reddish tinge. Leaves opposite, decussate; peti- ole c. 1 mm long; lamina dull bluish green (when dry), elliptic or ohovate, c. 30 x 8 mm, flat, with prominent yellowish lateral margins and midrib. Inflorescence a head-like condensed raceme, terminal, erect, of numerous flowers. Involucral bracts 4 or 6, leaf-like, broadly ovate, 13-16 x c. 10 mm; outer bracts glabrous; inner bract pair sparsely silky-hairy inside, the margin ciliate except near the apex. Flowers bisexual; pedicel c. 0.(5 mm long, silky- hairy. Floral tube probably not circumscissile, c. 11 mm long, entirely glabrous inside or with a circle of hairs c. 0.5 mm long at the throat; ovary portion ellipsoid, c. 3 mm long, 8-ribbed, covered by reflexed appressed hairs c. 0.5 mm long; style portion expanding to c. 1 mm in diameter at the summit, c. 8 mm long, prominently 8-ribbed, with long spreading hairs 2.5-3 mm long above a basal belt with short hairs similar to those on the ovary portion. Sepals spreading, ovate, c. 3 mm long, the outside sparsely covered by rather short silky hairs, glabrous inside. Stamens c. 5 mm long; anther c. 1.5 x 0.5 mm, broadest near the base; cells divergent when dehisced. Ov'ary glabrous. Style c. 13.5 mm long. Other specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Between Parkerville and Smith’s Mill [Glen Forrest], Jan. 1904, W. V. Fitzgerald s.n. (NSW); Parkerville, W. A. Ross 435, (PERTH). Distribution and habitat. Only known from near Parkerville in the Darling Range east of Perth (Figure 3D). Flowering period. December- January. Conservation status. The species appears to be either very rare and geographically restricted or extinct. However, its exact status cannot be determined because no re- cent attempt has been made to collect or survey it. There are only three known col- lections, two from the vicinity of Parkerville and one of unknown origin, the most re- cent collection having been made in 1919. Discussion. The summer flowering time of Pimelea rara is unusual as the predomi- nant flowering period for the genus in south-western Australia is July-November. In floral morphology, P. rara is closest to P. lehmanniana, but there are many differ- ences in the distribution, orientation and size of the hairs on the floral tube. For example, the basal hairs in P. lehmanniana (if present) are much thicker and are spreading rather than reflexed. The leaves of Pimelea rara are similar in gross morphology to an eastern Aus- tralian species, P. macrostegia (Benth.) J. M. Black. The latter was once considered to be just a variant of P. ligustrina Labill., hence Bentham’s choice of the epithet ligustrinoides for P. rara. However, P. ligustrina is quite different in both floral and leaf morphology from P. rara. As Bentham’s epithet is inappropriate for the new species, I have chosen a new epithet rather than making a new combination. Acknowledgements I thank Professor K. H. Rechinger and Mr P. G. Wilson for providing the Latin diagnoses, Ms M. A. Menadue for the illustrations and my colleagues at the Western Australian Herbarium for general advice. I am also grateful to the Directors of the folk'wing herbaria for the loan of specimens: AD, ADW, BRI, CANB, CBG, K, MEL, NSW and NT. B. L. Rye, Pimelea 11 References Beard, J. S. (1970). “West Australian plants." 2nd ed. (Society for Growing Australian Plants.) Bentham, G. (1873). “Flora Australiensis.” Vol 6. (Reeve: London.) Bunniger, L. (1972). Untersuchungen uber die morphologische Natur des Hypanthiums bei Myrtales- und Thymelaeales-Familien II. Myrtaceae III. Vergleich mit den Thymelaeaceae. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 48: 79-156. Diels, L. & Pritzel, E. (1904). Thymelaeaceae. Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae Occidentalis. Bot. Jahrb. .Syst. 3.5: 391-397. Erickson, R., George, A. S., Marchant, N. G. & Morcombe, M. K. (1979). “Flowers and Plants of Western Australia”. (Reed: Sydney.) Marchant, N. G. & Perry, G. (198U. A checklist of the vascular plants of the Perth Region, Western Aus- tralia. West. Aust. Herb. Res. Notes 5: 111-134. Nuytsia5(l): 13-24 (1984) 13 Taxonomic clarification of the Lomandra odora group (Xanthorrhoeaceae or Dasypogonaceae) T. D. Macfarlane Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Perth, Western Australia 6151 Abstract Macfarlane, T. D. Taxonomic clarification of the Lomandra odora group (Xanthorrhoeaceae or Dasypogonaceae). Nuytsia 5(1): 13-24 (1984). Three species are recognised in the Lomandra odora group, two of them new: L. odora (Endl.) Ewart, L. nigricans T. D. Macfarlane and L. integra T. D. Macfarlane, The name L. endlicheri (F. Muell.) Ewart is illegitimate; it has often been applied to each of the three species recognised here. Descriptions, photographs of specimens, distribution maps and a key to the three species are provided. Introduction This study arose from the preparation of the account of Lomandra for the “Flora of the Perth Region”. An illegitimate name, L. endlicheri (F. Muell.) Ewart has long been in use, but simple substitution of a legitimate name is an insufficient remedy in view of the observed taxonomic heterogeneity. The group of closely related species dealt with here is restricted to south-western Australia and is referred to as the L. odora group. Taxonomic studies of the L. odora group commenced when Endlicher (1846) as- signed one specimen collected by Ludwig Preiss to Xerotes tenuifoiia R. Br. and another Preiss specimen to the new species X. odora. Mueller (1874) recognised that the Preiss specimen identified by Endlicher as X. tenuifoiia did not in fact belong to that species. Mueller further considered the Preiss specimens cited by Endlicher under these two names and some later collections to represent a single species, to which he gave the name X. endiicheri F. Muell., an illegitimate name because X. odora was cited as a synonym. Mueller thought that X. rupestris Endl. might pos- sibly be a variety of X. endiicheri, but it has been excluded from the present study on the basis of a statement by Choo (1969) who, having examined the type, con- sidered it a synonym of L. coiiina (R. Br.) Ewart (= L. giauca (R. Br.) Ewart subsp. coiiina (R. Br.) A. T. Lee). Bentham (1878) recognised Endlicher’s two taxa, X. odora (under which he cited the type and a specimen from Drummond’s first collection not seen by me) and X. endlicheri (where the specimen identified by Endlicher as X. tenuifoiia was cited along with several other specimens, most of them seen by me). The epithets of X. odora and X. endiicheri were also used (in the genus Lomandra) in the censuses and catalogues of Gardner (1930), Beard (1970) and Green (1981). Bentham, misled by the immature state of the type specimen of L. odora, described the species as having sessile male flowers, as did Blackall and Grieve (1954). Consequently specimens of the L. odora group, which have distinctly pedicellate male flowers when mature, have 14 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) usually been identified as L. endlicheri (described by Bentham as having pedicellate flowers). Choo (1969) recognised one species in the L. odora group as treated here, and applied to it the legitimate name L. odora with L. endlicheri consigned to its synonymy. This study of the L. odora group has led to the conclusion that there exist three species, each represented among the specimens assigned to one species by Mueller (1874) and Choo (1969) while at least two of the species are represented among the specimens assigned by Bentham (1878) to X. endiicheri. The three species are L. odora (Endl.) Ewart, L. nigricans sp. nov. equivalent to Endlicher’s ‘X. tenuifoiia R. Br.’, and L. integra sp. nov., a hitherto unrecognised species. They share the follow- ing unique combination of features: flowers white or greenish yellow and usually marked with purple or green toward the tip of at least the outer perianth segments, flowers strongly and pleasantly scented, arranged in verticillate clusters on a simple or branched inflorescence, pedicellate in the male and sessile in the female, leaves glabrous, capsules (where known) smooth, and a chromosome number of 2n = 16. There are three other species which share several of these features and in particular a similar inflorescence structure, but which lack perianth markings and strong flower scent and differ further in the features detailed below. Lomandra muitiflora (R. Br.) J. Britten has 8-10 mm long pedicels compared with 2-7.5 mm pedicels in the L. odora group, the base of the flowers form a distinctive collar around the top of the narrower pedicel compared with the smooth transition of pedicel to flower in the L. odora group, and the arrangement of flower-subtending bracts is different in L. muitifiora compared with the L. odora group (Stevens 1978). Lomandra patens Lee, much more robust than the L. odora group, has a male panicle which usually has more branch-bearing nodes with branches often secondarily branched (never seen in the L. odora group), male pedicels 0.3-1 mm long and a consistently paniculate fe- male inflorescence (female inflorescences are never paniculate in L. odora and only sometimes so in L. nigricans and L. integra). Plants of L. ordii F. Muell. are very much larger than any in the L. odora group, with wider leaves (10-20 mm wide), they possess a very large peduncle 60-100 cm long and 4-10 mm diameter, the stamens of the inner whorl are inserted higher on the perianth than those of the outer whorl, and female flowers are shortly pedicellate. The species of the L. odora group differ from each other in features of the leaf bases, leaf dimensions, inflorescence dimen- sions, flower colour, flowering time and to some extent in soil preferences. All occur near Perth and extend varying distances southward, one species growing along the south coast as far east as Israelite Bay (Figure 5). Herbarium specimens from herb. PERTH, MEL and UWA were employed in this study, including the relevant types and the majority of the specimens used by Mueller, Bentham and Choo. All three species were seen in the field. Detailed exam- ination including measurements were made on at least 15 specimens of each species except that flower measurements are based on four specimens per species, these being sufficient to show lack of discriminatory value in flower dimensions. Chromosome numbers are based on unpublished information from G. J. Keighery. Voucher specimens for the chromosome counts, marked in the specimen citation lists by an asterisk (*), are lodged at PERTH. Key to the species of the Lomandra odora group 1. Leaf bases shredding into fine fibres at least with age 2. Leaf bases remaining white or pale (becoming grey in old leaves but not blackening), inflorescence less than half as long as leaves (of ungrazed and unburnt plants), usually 1/4-1/3 as long as T. D. Macfarlane, Lomandra odora group 15 leaves; longest internode between flower clusters or branches of male inflorescences usually less than 1 cm long (range 0.4- 1.8 cm); female inflorescence with 1-4 flower-bearing nodes; flowers greenish yellow to cream, sometimes with purple markings 1. L. odora 2. Leaf bases blackening or turning dark brown except for a white zone occupying about 1-2 cm at bottom and sometimes the up- permost 1 cm of leaf base; inflorescence from about half to as long as leaves (of ungrazed and unburnt plants), longest internode between flower clusters or branches of male inflor- escences usually more than 2 cm long (range 0.9-7 cm); female in- florescence with 4-12 flower-bearing nodes; flowers white with purple markings 2. L. nigricans 1. Leaf bases membranous, intact or with very few longitudinal splits 3. L. integra 1. Lomandra odora (Endl.) Ewart, Proc. Roy. Soc. Viet. 28: 219 (1916). (Figure 1) Xerotes odora Endl. in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 2: 50 (1846). Type: In turfoso-arenosis umbrosissimis inter gramina alta supra urbeculam Perth, Preiss 1529, 1 Sept. 1839 (iso: MEL 21078). Xerotes endlicheri F. MuelL, Fragm. 8: 205-206 (1874) nom. illeg., pro parte, as to the name X. odora Endl. cited in synonymy. Plants consisting of 1 -several tufts arising from a compact segmented horizontal rhizome, new tufts arising near the leaf bases by short (6-15 mm) horizontal exten- sions of rhizome, roots arising from rhizome at base of each tuft, new leaves often growing out from among previous season’s leaves so that old leaf bases surround the tuft. Leaves fine, crowded on a short erect concealed stem, 10-54 cm long and 0.5- 1.2 mm wide, all of similar length and width on each plant, semi-terete or plano-con- vex, occasionally very shallowly channelled on top, not ribbed, glabrous; leaf bases with margins at first membranous or scarious but at length breaking up into fine fibres which remain whitish; leaf apex obtuse. Male inflorescence a raceme or panicle of verticillate clusters of flowers, branches when present occurring only at lowest 1-2 nodes and accompanied by pedicellate flowers attached to same node, the branches inconspicuous, the longest usually 1 cm long, occasionally up to 2.5 cm, the inflor- escence of fully grown plants (i.e. excluding plants regenerating after fire or grazing) less than half as long as leaves, usually 1/4- 1/3 as long, the flower and branch clusters mostly closely spaced giving the whole inflorescence a compact cylindrical shape, sometimes the nodes more widely spaced, longest internode 0.4- 1.8 cm long, usually 1 cm or less; cluster bracts conspicuous, rather herbaceous in texture, with broad base and long attenuated upper half, greenish, a little shorter to a little longer than pedicels of mature flowers. Female inflorescence a compact spike of 1 -several ver- ticillate clusters of flowers, of similar length to male inflorescence. Flowers scented, greenish-yellow to cream, sometimes with purple markings toward tip of outer peri- anth segments. Male flowers on spreading or erect 2-5 mm long pedicels, perianth spreading at anthesis and usually remaining open afterwards, 2. 8-3. 2 mm long, seg- ments free or joined at base, the outer 3 segments markedly shorter or about equal to inner 3, slightly narrower and thinner, all segments thin and flexible in texture (not thick, fleshy and inflexible); stamens about equal in length, filaments shortly adnate to perianth, those opposite inner segments inserted slightly higher than other 3. 16 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) F’igure 1. Lomandra odora. A — Whole plant. B — Leaf bases. A from A. S. George 10403 (male); B from R. Coveny 8203. Female flowers sessile; staminodes very small, inserted like stamens of male flowers; stigmas borne on a short but distinct style. Only young capsules seen, approximately spherical, green with pale vertical stripes along middle of valves. Chromosome number 2n = 16. Additional specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Guildford, 31 July 1896, H. W. Alcock (PERTH); Canning Plain, Perth, Aug. 1902, C. Andrews (PERTH); Guildford, Aug. 1902, C. Andrews (PERTH); Gooseberry Hill, F. M. Bennett (UWA T. D. Macfarlane, Lomandra odora group 17 3197); Canning Vale near Perth, 25 Sep. 1982, A. Brown (PERTH); Kewdale, R. Coveny 8203 (PERTH, NSW n.v.); Red Hill Road, Upper Swan, 30 Aug. 1978, R. J. Cranfield (PERTH); Palm Terrace, Forrestfield, 5 Oct. 1978, R. J. Cranfield (PERTH); Greenbushes, Aug. 1901, Diels (PERTH); Without precise locality, Drummond 816 (MEL 20535); Canning Plains, 28 Aug. 1902, W. V. Fitzgerald (PERTH); Gnangara, C. A. Gardner 7685 (PERTH); Bull Creek, S of Perth, A. S. George 10403 (PERTH, NSW, CANB); 11 mi [17.7 km] S of Mandurah, G. J. Keighery 168 (PERTH*); Wooroloo, M. Koch (MEL 20524); Mundaring, Aug. 1901, Lambert (PERTH); Bayswater, A. Morrison 16177 (MEL); W. Australia, Oldfield (MEL 20515); Benger, R. D. Royce 4833 (PERTH); Mandurah, R. D. Royce 5737 (PERTH); Elgin, R. D. Royce 5746 (PERTH); Cannington, Sep. 1916, F.W. Wakefield (PERTH). Flowering period. Late August to early October. Habitat. Grows in sandy soil in woodland of Banksia or Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) or at edges of swamps on the Coastal Plain, and found occasionally on the Darling Range where the habitat has not been recorded. Distribution. (Figure 4) Western Australia, Perth south to Greenbushes (70 km SE of Busselton). Notes. There is an additional specimen (MEL 20516) of L. odora (with a fragment of L. caespitosa (Benth.) Ewart) which is not accounted for in the above distribution summary and specimen list. It bears two labels, (1) W. Australia, Oldf. [Oldfield] and (2) Port Gregory, W. Australia, Oldf. For both L. odora and L. caespitosa Port Gregory, near Geraldton, would be a considerable northward range extension on the evidence of all other specimens. Unfortunately Oldfield’s precise itineraries are un- known although he is known to have collected in the Geraldton area and further south. In view of the mixed taxa, the presence of two labels and the anomalous geo- graphical location, I have decided to treat this Oldfield specimen as a doubtful re- cord pending further collections of either L. odora or L. caespitosa from the Geraldton area. 2. Lomandra nigricans T. D. Macfarlane, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Xerotes endlicheri F. Muell., Fragm. 8: 205-206 (1874), nom. illeg. pro parte, as to “Hay-River (Warburton)”. [Xerotes tenuifolia auct. non R. Br.: Endl. in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 2: 49 (1846).] Caespites rhizomate compacto segmentato exorientes; radices prope bases foliorum exorientes. Bases foliorum laceratae, nigrescentes praeter infimus 1-2 cm. Folia 23- 68 cm longa, semper angusta. Inflorescentia mascula in paniculam vel racemum disposita, foliis aequantia vel dimidio breviora; fasciculi florum infer! plerumque dis- tantes (internodio longissimo plerumque 2-7 cm longo), floribus verticillatis. Flores albi maculls purpureis ornati, odorati, pedicellati. Typus: 11 mi NW of Northcliffe, A. S. George 2633 (holo: PERTH (male and female together)). 18 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 2. Lomandra nigricans. A — Whole plant, male on left, female on right. B — Leaf bases. A from A. S. George 2633 (holotype); B from G. J. Keighery 221. Plants consisting of 1-several tufts arising from a very compact segmented hori- zontal rhizome, tufts contiguous and rooting independently from near the leaf bases, new leaves often growing out from among previous season’s leaves so that old leaf bases surround the tuft. Leaves rather coarse, crowded on a short, erect, concealed stem, 23-68 cm long and 0.8-2. 7 mm wide, all of similar length and width on each plant (i.e. without long-narrow and short-broad leaves both present), semi-terete, plano-convex or shallowly channelled on top and convex beneath, smooth or slightly T. D. Macfarlane, Lomandra odora group 19 ribbed, glabrous; leaf bases with margins membranous and white when young but soon shredding finely and turning dark brown, purple-black or black, the lowest 1- 2 cm and sometimes the uppermost 1 cm remaining white; leaf apex obtuse. Male in- florescence a panicle or raceme of verticillate clusters of flowers, branches often at the lower 1 -several nodes and usually accompanied by pedicellate flowers attached to same node, the longest branch measuring 1-9 cm (often more than 3 cm) long, the in- florescence about half to as long as the leaves, the flower and branch clusters (at least the lower few) usually well spaced, longest internode 0.9-7 cm long, usually more than 2 cm. Cluster bracts (except at lowest 1-2 nodes) thin in texture and in- conspicuous, broad-based with short obtuse or erose apex, purplish, shorter than the pedicels of mature flowers. Female inflorescence a spike or paniculate spike of ver- ticillate clusters of flowers, of similar length to male inflorescence. Flowers scented, white with purple markings on upper part of perianth segments, especially the outer 3. Male flowers on pedicels 2-7.5 mm long, perianth spreading at anthesis, otherwise more or less campanulate and often appearing rather pendulous after anthesis, 2.6- 4.2 mm long, segments free or joined at the base, outer 3 segments slightly shorter (occasionally as long), narrower and thinner, all segments thin and flexible in texture (i.e. not thick, fleshy and inflexible); stamens about equal in length, filaments shortly adnate to perianth, those opposite inner segments inserted slightlj' higher than other 3. Female flowers sessile; staminodes very small, inserted like stamens of male flowers; stigmas borne on a short but distinct style. Capsules green or purplish green with pale vertical stripes along septa and in middle of valves, ovoid to depressed spherical, up to 8 mm long, not wrinkled. Chromosome number 2n = 16. Selected specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Muresk, E. T. Bailey 191 (PERTH); Jandakot, Aug. 1939, W. E. Blackall (PERTH); Stirling Range, below Bluff Knoll, J. Chesseli & A. McComb, McC. 90 (UWA); Station Gully near the creek, on road to Yallingup, Choo Ten Soo 6655 (UWA); Jarrah Road, South Perth, R. J. Cranfield R62, R231 (PERTH); Canning Mills Road, Roleystone, R. J. Cranfield 295 (MEL, PERTH); Without precise locality, Drummond 815 (MEL 20532); Gingin, Sep. 1920, C. A. Gardner (PERTH); 26 mi [41.8 km] E of Jerramungup, A. S. George 4401 (PERTH); Near edge of Lough McNess, Yanchep National Park, A. M. James 312 (PERTH); East Mount Barren, July 1924, A. Johnson (PERTH); 20 km E of West Mount Barren, G. J. Keighery 158 (PERTH*); 7 km S of Collie on Mumballup Road, G. J. Keighery 197 (PERTH*); Lucky Bay, G. J. Keighery 216 (PfeRTH*); 30 km E of Israelite Bay on edge of scarp, G. J. Keighery 221 (PERTH*); 30 km W of Israelite Bay on edge of Wylie Scarp, G. J. Keighery 617 (PERTH*); Ruabon, G. J. Keighery 2361 (PERTH); 4.2 km along Hassell Highway from Albany-Borden Road, c. 16 km by road NE of Albany, T. D. Macfarlane 1166 (AD, BRI, CANB, NSW, PERTH); 3 mi [4.8 km] S of Mt Barker on Albany road, R. Melville & R. D. Royce sub Melville 4381 (K n.v., MEL); Subiaco, A. Morrison 10238 (MEL); About 7 mi [11.3 km] N of Albany, K. Newbey 2811 (PERTH); W. Australia, Oldfield (MEL 20527, 20528); Peaceful Bay, S. Paust 383 (PERTH); In arenosis circa urbeculam Perth, 15 Maji 1839, Preiss 1530 (MEL 20523, 20498); Cape Naturaliste, 11 June 1980, M. H. Robinson (PERTH); Darlington, R. D. Royce 3058 (PERTH); Upper Hay River, M. Warburton (MEL 20507, 20549); Bremer River, Webb (MEL 20506, 20514); Near Yarloop, F. W. Went 239 (PERTH); Walpole, J. H. Willis (MEL 20554). Flowering period. Late May to August. 28267—3 20 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 3. Lomandra Integra. A — Whole plant. B — Leaf bases. Both from T. D. Macfarlane 281. Habitat. Grows on grey or yellow sand in Jarrah {Eucalyptus marginata) and Banksia woodland on the Swan Coastal Plain, on lateritic soil in Jarrah forest on the Darling Range, and in moist black sand in swampy areas and in lateritic or sandy soils covered by shruhland along the south coast. Distribution. (Figure 5) Western Australia, Gingin (70 km N of Perth) SE to Israelite Bay (185 km E of Esperance). T. D. Macfarlane, Lomandra odora group Notes. This species is sometimes to be found growing sympatrically with L. odora on the Swan Coastal Plain near Perth but flowers earlier. The specific epithet nigricans refers to the blackening of the leaf bases. 3. Lomandra Integra T. D. Macfarlane, sp. nov. (Figure 3) Xerotes endlicheri F. Muell., Fragm. 8; 205-206 (1874), nom. illeg., pro parte, as to “Lake Muir {Muir), Blackwood-River {McHard).” Caespites rhizomati elongate insidens, radicibus rhizomate basibus foliorum remotis exorientibus. Bases foliorum intactae vel parum fissae, scariosae, albae, flavidae vel pallido brunneae. Folia 7-58 cm longa, interdum brevia lataque, interdum longa angustatque. Inflorescentia mascula in paniculam vel racemum disposita, folds brevioribus vel longioribus sed plerumque quam dimldio folia multo longiora; fasciculi florum inferi distantes (internodio longissimo plerumque 2-8 cm longo); floribus verticillatis. Flores albi, saepe maculis purpureis ornati, odorati, pedicellati. Typus: About 5 km N along South Western Highway from Palgarup, 34°09'S, li6°12'E, T. D. Macfarlane 963 (holo: PERTH (male and female together); iso: CANB (male), NSW (male)). Plants consisting of 1-several tufts arising from an elongated straight or somewhat knarled ascending rhizome which extends deep into soil below leaf bases, roots mostly arising from lower parts of rhizome distant from leaf bases, new leaves arising in new tufts from upper parts of rhizome and not surrounded by bases of old leaves. Leaves rather coarse, crowded on a short erect concealed stem, 7-58 cm long and 0.7- 3 mm wide, some plants with all leaves short (7-C.15 cm) and broad or rarely narrow, some plants with all leaves long (more than 25 cm) and narrow, other plants with both short-broad and long-narrow leaves, shorter leaves usually flat, longer leaves flat, concave-convex or shallowly channelled on top and convex beneath, often strongly ridged especially when flat, glabrous; leaf base with membranous or scarious margins that remain intact or occasionally exhibit 1 or a few longitudinal splits but not shredding, remaining white or at most turning yellowish or pale brown; leaf apex obtuse. Male inflorescence a panicle or raceme of verticillate clusters of flowers, branches usually present at lower f -several nodes and usually accompanied by pedi- cellate flowers attached to the same node, the longest branch measuring 0.5-12 cm (often more than 3 cm) long, the inflorescence shorter or longer than leaves but almost always more than half as long, the flower or branch clusters usually well spaced, longest internode 1-8 cm long, usually more than 2 cm; cluster bracts (except at lowest 1-2 nodes) thin in texture and inconspicuous, deflate or broadly triangular with an acute apex, green in the centre with whitish margins, shorter than to as long as pedicels of mature flowers. Female inflorescence a spike of verticillate clusters of flowers or a paniculate spike with one or more branches occurring at lower nodes, similar in length to male inflorescence. Flowers scented, white often with purple markings on upper part of perianth segments, especially the outer 3. Male flowers on pedicels 2-4 mm long, perianth spreading at anthesis, 2.7-3 mm long, all segments free or joined at base, outer 3 segments slightly shorter, narrower and thinner, all segments thin and flexible in texture (i.e. not thick, fleshy and inflexible); stamens about equal in length, filaments adnate to perianth for a small part of their length. 22 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) those opposite inner segments inserted slightly higher than other 3. Female flowers sessile; staminodes very small, inserted like stamens of male flow’ers; stigmas borne on a short but distinct style. Capsules not seen. Chromosome number 2n = 16. Additional specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Pemberton, 21 Oct. 1968, A. M. Ashby (PERTH); Augusta, A.M.B. [Baird], (UWA 3186); Port Augusta near Geographe Bay, 1881, Miss Bunbury (MEL 20511); Augusta, on road to light- house, Choo Ten Soo 6657, (UWA); Blackwood River, McHard (MEL 20508, 20509, 20510); Carey Block, Sandy Hill Rd Area [c. 21 km W of Pemberton], 17 Sep. 1962, A. J. Hart (PERTH); Blackwood River, Hester (MEL 20512); Dwellingup, G. Hos 16A/2 (PERTH); Bow River, Nov. 1912, S. IT. Jackson (PERTH); Jarrahdale, G. J. Keighery 26 (PERTH*); Pemberton area, 34°23'S, 115°59'E, T. D. Macfarlane 281 (PERTH, NSW); Type locality, burnt area, T. D. Macfarlane 964 (PERTH); Lake Muir, Muir (MEL 20522); Mouth of Ellen Brook on Caves Rd W of Gracetown, S. Paust 157 (PERTH); Karri Dale, W.R. (= and W’arren River? Collected bv Walcott? See Mueller, 1874 p. 205) (MEL 20536); Manjimup, R. D. Royce 2733 >ERTH); West bank of Walpole River on South Western Highway, E. M. Scrymgeour 1194 (PERTH); Mt William near Wagerup, P. Vandermoezel 19 (PERTH); Mornington Mills, R.F.W. [Williams] 47, 79 (UWA); Karri Dale, Walcott (MEL 20525, 20529); Mt Lindsay [Lindesay], Webb (MEL 20502); Canning Dam, F. W. Went 25 (PERTH); Parryville, 12 mi [19.3 kmj W of Denmark, J. H. Willis (MEL 20552). Flowering period. August to November. Habitat. Occurs on lateritic soils in Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest and on sandy clay soils in Karri {E. diversicolor) forest. Figure 4. Distribution of Lomandra odora. T. D. Macfarlane, Lomandra odora group 23 Figure 5. Distribution of Lomandra nigricans. Figure 6. Distribution of Lomandra integra. 24 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Distribution. (Figure 6) Western Australia, near Perth south to Albany, inland from the Swan Coastal Plain or on near coastal hills (e.g. in the Cape Leeuwin-Cape Naturaliste area and near Walpole). Notes. The leaves of this species vary considerably in relative length and width, sometimes in the one collection (Figure 3). Shorter leaves, which are usually broader than long leaves, are evidently formed in the first season of regeneration after fire but perhaps also under certain other conditions as they are not found only on re- cently burnt plants. There are very few female plants of L. integra to be found among the herbarium collections. Field observations indicate that in this species there is an excess of male plants in natural populations. This contrasts with the situation for most species of Lomandra where the females are less common than males in herbarium collections owing to their being different in form or otherwise less conspicuous to collectors but actually occurring with similar frequency to the males in nature. Lomandra integra can be found growing sympatrically with L. nigricans on the Darling Range, but L. integra flowers later. The specific epithet integra refers to the entire leaf bases. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following: the heads of the herbaria MEL and UWA for loans of specimens, C. L. Lynch and P. J. Poli for technical assistance and map prep- aration, Paul G. Wilson for critical comments on the draft manuscript and checking my Latin diagnoses and G. J. Keighery, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, for per- mission to use his unpublished chromosome number information. References Beard, -J. S. (1970). “A Descriptive Catalogue of West Australian Plants.” Edn 2. (Society for Growing Aus- tralian Plants.) Bentham, G. (1878). “Flora Australiensis”. Vol. 7. (Reeve: London.) Blackall. W. E. & Grieve, B. .1. (19.54). "How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers”. Part 1. (University of Western Australia Press: Nedlands.) Choo Ten Soo (1909). “A Study of the Western Australian Species of Lomandra Labill. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), with Reference to their Anatomy, Taxonomy and Phylogeny.” (Unpub, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Western Australia.) Endlicher. S. (1846). Xerotes. In Lehmann, C. “Plantae Preissianae.” Vol. 2. (Meissner: Hamburg.) Gardner, ('. A. (1980.) "Enumeratio Plantarum Australiae Occidentalis.” (Government Printer: Perth.) Green. J. W. (1981). “Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia.” (Western Australian Her- barium: South Perth.) Mueller. F. (1874). “Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae.” Vol. 8: 205-214. (Government Printer: Melbourne.) Stevens, P. F". (1978). Generic limits in the Xeroteae (Liliaceae sensu lato). J. Arnold Arbor. 59: 129-155. Nuytsia 5(1): 25-30 (1984) 25 A new species and a new combination among the Proteaceae represented in the Perth Region B. L. Rye Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Perth, Western Australia 6151 Abstract Rye, B. L. A new species and a new combination among the Proteaceae represented in the Perth Re- gion. Nuytsia 5(1): 25-30 (1984). In preparation for the “Flora of the Perth Region”, the new combi- nation Banksia sewinuda (A. S. George) Rye (syn. B. littoralis R. Br, var. seminuda A. S. George) is made and the new species Hakea lasianthoides Rye (syn. H. lasiantha R. Br. var. angustifolia Benth.) is de- scribed. Hakea lasianthoides differs from its closest relative, H. lasiantha, in the shorter appressed indu- mentum on the young growth, the similar rather than differential colour of the hairs on the pedicel and calyx and the more elongated thinner leaves. It also differs in its flowering period, geographical distri- bution and, apparently, in habitat. Introduction This paper provides a new combination, Banksia seminuda, and describes a new species, Hakea lasianthoides, so that the names can be used in the proposed “Flora of the Perth Region”. Both species occur in, but are not confined to, the Perth Re- gion, the boundaries of which are shown in Marchant & Perry (1981). Following Cronquist (1981: 608), the conspicuous outermost floral whorl of the Proteaceae is referred to here as the calyx; the corolla is considered to be reduced to the nectary gland(s). In Hakea, the typical indumentum consists of three-celled T- shaped or Y-shaped hairs, the basal cell immersed in the epidermis, the second cell forming a short stalk, while the terminal cell is elongated and attached at or near the centre (Johnson & Briggs 1975). Hence the hairs appear bifid or like a pair of hairs. The measurements given here for hairs refer to the total length of the terminal cell only if the hairs are appressed and straight, that is T-shaped. Where the cells are Y- shaped, the length of the arms of the terminal cell are stipulated. Species treatments Banksia seminuda (A. S. George) Rye, comb, et stat. nov. Banksia littoralis R. Br. var. seminuda A. S. George, Nuytsia 3: 408-410 (1981). Type: Nanga Brook, south of Dwellingup, Western Australia (32°49'S, 116°04'E), 15 May 1973, A. S. George 11655 (holo: PERTH; iso CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH). Discussion. This taxon is adequately described and illustrated by George (1981) in bis recent revision of Banksia. George (pers. comm.) treated B. seminuda as a variety of B. littoralis, because he was unable to separate them by fruit characters and the floral differences were less than are usually found between pairs of closely related Banksia species. However, he now considers them to be distinct species. Floral characters alone are quite sufficient to distinguish B. seminuda from B. littoralis and leaf dimensions are also usually sufficient for identification. In the field the two species are readily distinguished by their bark. They are also distinct in their habit. 26 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) oooco Figure 1. Hakea lasianthoides. A — Flowering branch (xl.5). B — Portion of young stem (x20). C — Stem hair (x30). D — Flower (x7). E — Dehisced follicle (xl.5). F — Seed (xl.5). Drawn from several PERTH specimens. although in exposed coastal locations the normally tall, straight-trunked B. seminuda has a more stunted habit, which is less readily distinguished from that of B. littoralis. The bark and habit differences are illustrated by photographs in George ( 1981 : 406 ). B. L. Rye, Proteaceae in the Perth Region 27 Further evidence that the two Banksia taxa are distinct species, rather than just variants of a single species, is their failure to hybridize in mixed stands. S. D. Hopper (pers. comm.) conducted a thorough survey of two mixed populations in the Two Peoples Bay area but found no hybrids. A number of other mixed populations are known, although the species generally occupy different habitats. B. littoralis, commonly known as Swamp Banksia, typically occurs in winter-wet depressions whereas B. seminuda, known as River Banksia, occurs along watercourses. Both species have long flowering seasons, which overlap considerably. George (1981; 410) suggested that a difference between the two taxa in the orientation of the calyx limb may relate to their having different pollinators. However, it is more likely that the pollen is deposited on different positions on the same pollinators. Either way, the floral difference might provide an effective barrier to cross-pollination. Hakea lasianthoides Rye, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Hakea lasiantha R. Br. var. angustifolia Benth. FI. Austral. 5: 502 (1870). Type: Drummond 21 (holo: presumably K-n.v.; iso: MEL-n.v., probable isotype also at PERTH). Hakeae lasianthae R. Br. affinis a qua surculis juvenilibus indumento breviore appressoque, colore pilorum pedicellorum color! pilorum calycis simili, foliis tenuioribus magis elongatis, anthesi serotina differt. Typus: Bow River, Western Australia, “Shrub several feet high on damp ground”, November 1912, S. W. Jackson s.n. (holo: PERTH; iso (n.v.): K, CANB). Related to Hakea lasiantha R. Br. but differs in the shorter and appressed indu- mentum on the young shoots, the similar rather than differential colour of the hairs on the pedicels and calyx, the thinner more elongated leaves and the later flowering time. Erect shrub or small tree to 5 m tall. Young shoots ferruginous, covered by a mix- ture of ferruginous and colourless hairs; hairs closely appressed, straight, to c. 1 mm long. Leaves usually lacking a well defined petiole, often bluish green (in dried material), linear to narrowly obovate (rarely almost elliptic), often curved, 40-120 x 3.5-13 mm, thinly coriaceous, often retaining sparse hairs on the upper surface, 2 or more main veins arising in the lower half of the leaf and converging with the midrib at the apex; mucro usually 1-2 mm long, broad, black in the upper part, innocuous. Flowers several, in condensed racemes in the upper leaf axils; peduncle c. 1 mm long; involucral bracts early deciduous, golden brown, hairy near the apex or ciliate on the upper margin; rachis c. 2 mm long. Pedicels 4-10 mm long; hairs of the same shape and colour as those on the calyx but less dense and shorter. Receptacle fairly straight. Calyx white (rarely cream or ferrugineous in the upper part), 6-10 mm long, densely hairy on the outside, glabrous inside; claw 5.5-8 mm long, each sepal c. 0.3 mm broad; limb with a recurved apex in the bud, 2-3 x c. 1 mm, the subterminal concavities 1.1 -1.4 mm long; hairs Y-shaped, colourless (very rarely mixed with fer- ruginous hairs), the spreading arms 0.5-1 mm long. Anthers 0.5-0. 7 mm long. Nectary horseshoe-shaped. Ovary c. 1 mm long, distinctly stipitate. Style 5-7 mm long; stig- matic disk lateral, 1-1.5 x 0.6-1 mm. Follicle 25-33 x 7-9 mm, almost straight; outer surface somewhat chartaceous and wrinkled, sometimes shed. Seed body black, c. 8 x 4 mm; wing up to 15 mm long (including the decurrent portion), c. 5 mm broad, acute, narrowly decurrent at least part way along the shorter side of the seed body. 28 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 2. Distributions of Hakea lasianthoides • and H. lasiantha a . Other PERTH specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Near Augusta, A. M. Ashby 2373; Forest Grove — Alexandra Bridge, R. J. Cranfield 938; West of Nannup, A. R. Fairall 829; Northcliffe, A. R. Fairall 862; Pemberton, Jan. 1936, C. A. Gardner s.n.; Bow River, Nov. 1912, S. W. Jackson s.n.; Bow River, Dec. 1912, S.W. Jackson s.n.; Coronation Rd, Warren district, M. Page 15; East of Bullsbrook, 24 Aug. 1981, F. Phillips s.n.; Nannup — Busselton, R. D. Royce 2395; Cowaramup, R. D. Royce 5782; Pemberton district, F. M. C. Schock 45; Brockman Hwy, E. M. Scrymgeour 1224; Nannup, Sept. 1926, A. C. Shedley s.n.; Nannup, 20 Aug. 1951, J. B. Sohott s.n.; Pemberton, Nov. 1934, T. N. Stoate s.n.; Dwellingup, Sept. 1935, T. N. Stoate s.n.; Near Cranbrake Pool (sic.), A. Strid 21768; Near Walpole, F. W. Went 131; West of Manjimup, D. J. E. Whihley 5108; North of Walpole, P. G. Wilson 6352. Distribution and habitat. Extends from Bullsbrook (near Perth) to Bow River on the south coast (Figure 2), usually recorded from damp habitats in forests or woodlands. Flowering time. Late August to January. Discussion. Both the isotype of Hakea lasiantha var. angustifolia at MEL (Marchant pers. comm.) and the probable isotype at PERTH lack flowers but match H. lasianthoides in their stems and leaves. A new name was chosen for the taxon rather than a new combination because the specific epithet angustifolia had already been used. B. L. Rye, Proteaceae in the Perth Region 29 Hakea lasiantha and H. lasianthoides appear to be allopatric (Figure 1), the former extending from Albany north to the Stirling Range and east to Cheyne Beach. The separation between the known ranges of the two species is c. 85 kilometres. Although both species have long flowering periods lasting about 5 months, they show little or no overlap, H. lasiantha flowering from early April to August and H. lasianthoides from late August to January. In any given year there is probably no overlap in flowering time. As far as can be determined from the available details on herbarium specimens and limited field observations by A. Strid (pers. comm.), the species also occupy distinct habitats. Hakea lasianthoides occurs in wooded areas in winter-wet depressions or along watercourses whereas H. lasiantha occupies drier more exposed sites, generally in heathlands. The most reliable morphological differences between the two Hakea species are in the indumentum. In H. lasiantha, the young shoots are very densely covered by Y- shaped hairs with arms 0.5-2 mm long. The stems usually retain the dense indumen- tum in the flowering region, appearing ferruginous and furry. In H. lasianthoides, the stems in the flowering region are grey and not conspicuously hairy, the hairs dif- fering from those of H. lasiantha in being appressed, smaller and less dense. The pedicels of H. lasiantha have a mixture of ferruginous and colourless hairs and are noticeably darker than the calyx, which has only colourless hairs or very few ferrugi- nous hairs. In H. lasianthoides, all pedicel and calyx hairs are colourless, except in the northernmost population at Bullsbrook, where a mixture of ferruginous and colourless hairs occurs on both the pedicel and calyx. The Bullsbrook specimen is unique in that the calyx is two-coloured, the ferruginous hairs mainly on the limb and the colourless hairs mainly on the claw. Hakea lasianthoides almost always has more elongated leaves than H. lasiantha, as can be seen from the measurements made of the longest leaf on 18 specimens of each species (Table 1). The ratio of leaf length to breadth was useful in separating the two species, with most H. lasiantha specimens having ratios of 3.6-5. 8 whereas most H. lasianthoides specimens had ratios of 6.5-24.5. Only one specimen of each species fell within the range (as given above) of the other species. The leaves of H. lasiantha also tend to be much thicker than those of H. lasianthoides but this difference is not easy to quantify. Table 1. Ranges of measurements of the longest leaf from each PERTH specimen of Hakea lasiantha and H. lasianthoides. Hakea lasiantha Hakea lasianthoides Total Excluding extremes* Total Excluding extremes* Length (mm) 36-84 41-69 42-120 50-116 Breadth (mm) 7-19.5 7.5-16.5 3.5-10 4-9 Length/breadth 2.7-9.2 3.6-5.8 5.6-29.4 6.5-24.5 Range excluding the highest measurement and the lowest measurement. 30 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Although Hakea lasiantha and H. lasianthoides show differences in several other characters, their ranges of variation overlap. The flowers of H. lasiantha tend to be slightly longer and usually appear much thicker and more furry (mainly because of the thicker longer indumentum) than in H. lasianthoides. The fruits also tend to be shorter and thicker in H. lasiantha. Hakea lasianthoides and H. lasiantha show obvious morphological similarities and are not as readily distinguished as most pairs of related Hakea species. Nevertheless, they are treated here as distinct species, rather than just as subspecies of H. lasiantha, because they can be reliably distinguished on morphological criteria and because they appear to be good biological species. Even if they were not geographi- cally separated, their flowering time difference would presumably prevent hy- bridization. Acknowledgements 1 am grateful to Dr N. G. Marchant for checking material of the new Hakea against type specimens in MEL, Professor K. H. Rechinger for writing the Latin di- agnosis and Ms M. A. Menadue for the illustration. References Cronquist. A. (1981). “An Integrated System of Classification of the Flowering Plants.” (Columbia Univ. Press: New York.) George, A. S. (1981). The genus Banksia L. F. (Proteaceae). Nuytsia 3: 239-473. •Johnson, L. A. S. & Briggs, B. G. (197.5). On the Proteaceae — the evolution and classification of a southern family. Bot. .1. Linn. Soc. 70: 83-182. Marchant, N. G. & Perry. G. (1981). A checklist of the vascular plants of the Perth Region, Western Aus- tralia. W. Austral. Herb. Res. Notes No. 5: 111-134. Nuytsia 5(1): 31-42 (1984) 31 Taxonomic notes on some Western Australian species of Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae) J. R. Wheeler Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Perth, Western Australia 6151 Abstract Wheeler, J. R. Taxonomic notes on some Western Australian species of Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae). Nuytsia 5(1): 31-42 (1984), One new species, H. ferruginea and one new subspecies, H. spicata subsp. leptotheca, are described and illustrated. Taxonomic notes are provided on H. montana Steudel and its allies. Hibbertia commutata Steudel and H. ovata Steudel are reinstated as distinct species. Introduction The genus Hibbertia Andr. has between 60 and 70 species in Western Australia, most of which are endemic to the south west of the State. The purpose of this paper is to validate two new names so that they may be included in a treatment of the genus for the forthcoming “Flora of the Perth Region” and also to explain the re- instatement of two names which have been relegated to synonomy since Bentham’s treatment (1863). The Perth Region as defined by Merchant & Perry (1981), con- tains 30 species of Hibbertia. Firstly the new taxa are described and secondly notes are provided on H. montana and its allies. This paper highlights the need for further research in the genus Hibbertia. Throughout the paper the sectional classification which I have followed is that of Gilg and Werdermann (1925). However further studies are necessary on the sectional and subsectional boundaries to establish their accuracy. 1. Hibbertia ferruginea J. R. Wheeler, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Frutex tenuis, 0.2-0.5 m altus. Folia linearia, alterna vel subfasciculata. Flores sess- iles, solitarii vel glomerati, flos quisque bracteis 3-7, latis, rigidis, ciliatis, 4-6.5 mm longis suffultus. Sepala quam bracteae paulo longiora, pilis ferrugineis dense sericea. Stamina in fasciculos 5 tristaminatos disposita; filamenta connata. Ovarium carpellis 5 glabris compositum. Typus: Yoongarillup, near Busselton, Western Australia. “Sandy soil.” 17 October 1952, R. D. Royce 3891 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, MEL). Erect shrubs 0.2-0. 5 m high. Stems slender with long internodes. Leaves alternate or in few-leaved fascicles, sessile, linear, (7)15-30(50) x 1-1.5 mm, bluntly mucronate, glabrous to sparsely hairy with fine, often curled hairs, more densely hairy at the slightly dilated and ciliate base, margins closely revolute. Flowers terminal and axillary, sessile, solitary or several together, mostly 10-15 mm in diameter, sur- rounded by 3-7 bracts. Bracts broad, imbricate, concave, rigid, oblong to circular or broadly obovate, sometimes almost as long as and partly concealing the sepals, 4-6.5 X 3-7 mm, obtuse or minutely apiculate, the outermost bracts somewhat smaller and terminating in a small leaf-like projection; inner surface glabrous; outer surface 32 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) CQGOO Figure 1. Hibbertia t'erruginea A — Habit. B — Leaf. C — Flower. D — Flower with sepals and petals re- moved, showing the arrangement of stamens and carpels. E — Staminal bundle. F — Anther. G — Carpels. From A. T. Hatchkiss. Ludlow, 4 Sept. 1953. glabrous at the base but sparsely to densely sericeous towards the centre and apex with white or ferruginous hairs; margins membranous and ciliate with white curled hairs. Sepals 5, shortly united at the base, narrowly ovate or narrowly oblong to ovate or oblong, 5-7.5 x 2-3.5 mm, acute or subacute; the inner surface sparsely hairy towards the apex, otherwise glabrous; the outer surface densely sericeous with fer- ruginous hairs; margins becoming glabrous, entire or minutely ciliolate. Petals 5, free, obovate, emarginate to obcordate, sometimes rather obliquely so, 6-10 x 3- J. R. Wheeler, Hibbertia 33 6.5 mm. Stamens 15, in 5 fascicles, each of 3 stamens with fused filaments, 2 of the 3 anthers of each fascicle sessile, the filament of the third innermost stamen is con- tinued and swollen just below the anther; anthers 2-celled, oblong to elliptic, 1- 1.75 mm long, opening by longitudinal slits; staminodes absent. Carpels 5, glabrous; styles arising from the adaxial side of the carpel and radiating; ovules 1 per carpel. Other specimens examined (all PERTH): Ludlow, 4 Sept. 1953, A. T. Hotchkiss s.n.; Collie Basin, J. M. Koch CJK592; Sabina Road, 0.8 km west of Nannup to Busselton Road, B. R. Maslin 2819; 8 miles [12.9 km] from Nannup, towards Northcliffe, M. E. Phillips 2557; Capel-Donnybrook Road, R. D. Royce 2307; Yoongarillup, R. D. Royce 3163; Yoongarillup, R. D. Royce 3891; Capel, R. D. Royce 4375; Yoongarillup, Busselton District, R. D. Royce 4544; Hithergreen, Busselton district, R. D. Royce 5752; Yoongarillup, R. D. Royce 5760; Wilcock Forestry Plantation, near Curtis Siding, 150 miles [241 km] S of Perth, C. L. Wilson 861. Habitat. Sandy soils, in Jarrah or Banksia woodland, or on sandy heathlands. Distribution. (Figure 3) South-west of Western Australia, from near Capel (c. 26 km S of Bunbury) and Collie (c. 55 km E of Bunbury) southwards to near Busselton and Nannup. Flowering period. August to November. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the colour of the hairs on the sepals. Hibbertia ferruginea belongs to section Candollea (Labill.) Gilg. and is part of a species aggregate, which includes H. depressa Steudel, H. desmophylla (Benth.) F. Muell. and H. helianthemoides (Turcz.) F. MuelL, in which species boundaries are unclear. Bentham (1863) and later workers have placed much emphasis on the number of carpels as a character for discriminating species. This character is variable in some species; however, it appears to be a reliable diagnostic character when dis- tinguishing between the species in this particular complex. Table 1. The critical differences between Hibbertia ferruginea, Hibbertia depressa, Hibbertia helianthemoides and Hibbertia desmophylla H. ferruginea H. depressa H. helianthemoides H. desmophylla Carpel Number 5 5 3 3 Stamina! Arrangement 5 X 3 5x3 3 X (3-4) + 2x (1-2) 3 X (3-4) -1- 2 X (1- 2) Bracts Rigid, broad, conspicuous Membranous, inconspicuous Membranous or rigid and narrow, mostly inconspicuous Membranous, inconspicuous Sepals Subacute, densely hairy Subacute, mostly sparsely hairy Subacute to acute, glabrous or sparsely hairv Obtuse, glabrous Leaves Few, alternate or clustered. Almost glabrous to s{)arselv hairv In dense clusters. Densely hairy In dense clusters. Sparsely to densely hairy In dense clusters. Sparsely to densely hairy Leaf length Mostly 15-30 Mostly 6-15 mm Mostly 8-15 mm Mostly 8-20 mm inm 34 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Hibbertia ferruginea is similar to H. depressa in the number and arrangement of carpels and stamens. Both have 5 carpels and have their stamens in 5 fascicles of three stamens with none free. Hibbertia ferruginea is also close to H. desmophylla and H. helianthemoides but the latter two species have only 3 carpels with stamens arranged in 5 fascicles of which 3 have three or four stamens and 2 have either two or one stamen. The principal diagnostic characteristics of H. ferruginea and its allies are shown in Table 1. Hibbertia ferruginea differs from the other species in this complex in the presence of conspicuous, broad, rigid bracts closely surrounding the flowers and densely ferruginous appressed hairs on the sepals. It also differs in its more slender habit with narrower, less hairy and less clustered leaves. Although H. depressa, H. heliantheinuides and H. desmophylla may each show some variation in shape and texture of both bracts and sepals, none of their variants come close to H. ferruginea, which itself shows very little variation. 2. Hibbertia spicata F. MuelL, Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 2:1-2(1860). Type citation: “Ad portum Gregorii. Walcott et Oldfield” (holo: K; iso: MEL). Hemistephus linearis J. Drumm. ex Harvey, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 7:52(1855). Type citation: “Northern districts. J. Drummond”, s.n. (type not located at K). Non Hibbertia linearis R. Br. (1817). A low, erect or spreading shrub, 0. 2-0.5 m high, rarely to 0.7 m. Leaves linear, rarely very narrowly oblong, (7)9-30(39) mm long, obtuse to shortly mucronate; upper surface glabrous, tuberculate or smooth, rarely sparsely scabrous; lower sur- face densely and minutely stellate; margins revolute. Inflorescence a 2-5(9)-flowered pedunculate spike. Flowers 5-15(20) mm in diameter, all but the lowest subtended by 2, often dimorphic, bracts; bracts narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, rarely broadly ovate, 2-5(8) mm long, margins sometimes ciliate. Sepals 5, 3.5-8 mm long; the outer 2 sepals narrowly ov'ate to narrowly elliptic, rarely narrowly obovate or ovate, mostly acute with a prominent midrib, glabrous or with minute stellate hairs, usually also with a few simple, uncinate hairs and rarely a few' straight hairs, margins sometimes ciliate; the inner 3 sepals scarious, broadly elliptic, obtuse, with a less prominent or scarcely any midrib, minutely stellate hairy and also sometimes with a few simple, uncinate hairs towards the base, margins minutely ciliolate. Stamens 6-12(15), all on one side of the carpels; filaments sometimes united towards the base; anthers nar- rowly oblong and 1-1.5 mm long, or linear and 1.5-3 mm long; staminodes variable, either on both sides of the stamens only, or on both sides and opposite the stamens, or continued around to form a complete ring with the stamens, or forming a com- plete ring outside the stamens, or behind the stamens only, or absent. Carpels 2, densely hairy; ovules 2 per carpel. Both H. spicata F. Muell. and H. polystachya Benth. (1863) belong to section Hemipleurandra Benth. subsection Spicatae Gilg, in which the stamens are all on one side of the carpels and in which staminodia are usually present. Their inflor- escence is a one-sided spike of 2 or more flowers. Hibbertia spicata is characterised by an almost glabrous upper leaf surface and sepals w'hich mostly have only uncinate and/or minute stellate hairs. H. polystachya is characterised by long, simple, spreading hairs on the upper leaf surface and sepals which are densely hairy with long straight simple and minutely stellate hairs. How- ever some specimens are intermediate in respect to these characters. Bentham (1863) J. R. Wheeler, Hibbertia 35 also used differences in staminodes to separate the two species, but these differences have been found to be unreliable. Specimens considered to be H. polystachya on the basis of leaf and sepal characters were found to have staminodes which were similar in both number and arrangement to specimens considered, on the basis of leaf and sepal characters, to be H. spicata. Therefore it seems that the status of H. polystachya is uncertain. Further studies are necessary to clarify the position. Hibbertia polystachya and H. spicata are extremely closely related and may even be conspecific. Key to subspecies 1. Anthers narrowly oblong, 1-1.5 mm long, staminodes several. Outer 2 sepals hairy with simple, uncinate and/or minute stellate hairs subsp. spicata 1. Anthers linear, 1.5-3 mm long, staminodes few or absent. Outer 2 sepals glabrous, or almost so subsp. leptotheca 2a. subsp. spicata Low erect or spreading shrub, 0.2-0.7 m high. Leaves 7-39 mm long, obtuse to shortly mucronate; upper surface glabrous, smooth or tuberculate, rarely minutely scabrous. Flowers 8-15(20) mm in diameter. Outer sepals mostly narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic, 4-7 mm long, acute with simple, uncinate and/or minute stellate hairs, rarely narrowly obovate, obtuse, with straight uncinate and stellate hairs, or rarely ovate, ciliate and with only a few straight and uncinate hairs. Inner sepals 5- 6 mm long, minutely stellate with often a few simple, uncinate hairs towards the base. Stamens 6-12; anthers narrowly oblong, 1-1.5 x 0.2-0.4 mm; staminodes variable in number and position, always present. Selected specimens examined (all PERTH): Wagin, C. A. Gardner 1003; Cockleshell Gully, C. A. Gardner 8430; 9 km S of Eneabba, E. A. Griffin 1006; Avondale Research Station, 6 km W of Beverley, R. Hnatiuk 790181; Vearnlea, 11 km N of Cockleshell Gully, R. D.'Hoogland 11962; near the turnoff from the Geraldton to Mullewa road to the Casuarinas, c. 36 miles [57.9 km] E of Geraldton, R. D. Hoogland 11978; Great Northern Highway, N of Pearce at 32 mile peg [51.5 km] from Perth, R. D. Hoogland 12014; 31.7 miles [51 km] E of Geraldton airport towards Mullewa, F. Lullfitz 5701; Glen Forrest, 18 Nov. 1899. A Morrison s.n.; Red Hill, 22 Sept. 1944, R. D. Royce s.n. Distribution. (Figure 3) Widespread in Western Australia. Occurs in the Eremaean Botanical Province, in the area of North West Cape, and in the Irwin, Avon and Dar- ling Botanical Districts from Kalbarri southwards to Wagin and just north of Katanning. Habitat. Found on a variety of soils including limestone soils of North West Cape, sands of the northern heathlands and lateritic soils of the Darling Range. Flowering period. July to November. Variants of subsp. spicata from North West Cape and from Tammin have slightly larger flowers 15-20 mm across, lack uncinate hairs and have very dense stellate hairs on the slightly broader and darker coloured sepals. 2b. subsp. leptotheca J. R. Wheeler, subsp. nov. (Figure 2) 28267—4 36 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 2. Hibhertia spicata subsp. leptoiheca A — Habit. B — Buds. C — Leaf. D — Flower. E — Sepals. F — Flower with sepals and petals removed, showing the arrangement of stamens and carpels. G — Stamen. H — Carpels. From J. R. Wheeler 2040. Differ! a H. spicata subsp. spicata antheris longioribus linearibus, staminodiis paucis vel nullis, sepalis exterioribus subglabris, interioribus minute tantum slellatis. Typus: Yalgorup National Park, between the N end of Lake Preston and Martin’s Tank Lake, Western Australia, 31°51'80"S, ]14°40'20"E. "Diffuse shrub to 45 cm tall. Abundant in Dryandra sessilis and Hakea undulata and low closed shrubland on limestone soils.’’ 17 September 1981, N. G. Marchant 81/76 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, MEL). J. R. Wheeler, Hibbeitia 37 Low erect or spreading shrub, 0.2-0.3 m high with slender stems, glabrous or almost so, often viscid. Leaves (8)12-25(30) mm long, acute; upper surface smooth or sparsely tuberculate, glabrous with rarely a few minute scabrous hairs towards the base. Flowers 5-10 mm in diameter. Outer sepals narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 3.5-5 mm long, acute, glabrous or almost so. Inner sepals 4. 5-6.5 mm long, hairy with minute stellate hairs. Stamens 8-15; filaments relatively short, free to the base; an- thers linear, 1.5-3 x 0.25-0.65 mm, the connective dark when dry; staminodes absent or rarely 1-2 present, either side of, or behind the stamens. Other specimens examined (all PERTH): Perry’s Lime-kilns, Subiaco, Aug. 1919, VT. B. Alexander s.n.; Blackwall Reach, Applecross, along Swan River, Sept. 1904, C. Andrews s.n.; Swan River below Perth, C. Andrews 2nd Coll. no. 2, Sept. 1904; 10 km N of Lancelin, S. R. Chambers & T. Tapper 8; Reservoir Hill, H. Demarz D.5661; Fremantle, Sept. 1897. R. Helms s.n.; Mouth of the Swan River, 1 Sept. 1897, R. Helms s.n.; Fremantle, 1 Sept. 1897, R. Helms s.n.; Cottesloe, mouth of Swan River, 3 Oct. 1900. A. Morrison s.n.; Yalgorup National Park, S. Paust 1354; Lancelin, F. G. Smith 1936; Bold Park, Perth, J. R. Wheeler 2040; 10 miles (16.1 kmj from Yanchep turnoff on way to mouth of Moore River, C. L. Wilson 870. Distribution. (Figure 3) Western Australia, the coastal plain from Lancelin to Yalgorup National Park. Habitat. Near-coastal limestone. Flowering period. June to October. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the narrow anthers. Hibbertia spicata subsp. leptotheca is geographically separated from subsp. spicata; subsp. leptotheca occurs only on the coastal plain between Lancelin and Yalgorup National Park, whereas subsp. spicata ranges from North West Cape south to Wagin and near Katanning, but is absent from the coastal plain in the Perth Re- gion. Also subsp. leptotheca has a different habitat preference from most populations of subsp. spicata, occurring on near-coastal limestone. Notes on Hibbertia montana Steudel and its allies. 3. Hibbertia montana Steudel, in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 1:270 (1845). Type citation: “In limosis lapidosis cacuminis mentis Bakewell, ditionis York, 5. Febr. 1839. Herb. Preiss. No. 2135." (iso: MEL). Hibbertia sargentii S. Moore, J. Bot. 47:338 (1909). Type citation: “Foot of Mount Bakewell, in black humus with granite and quartz subsoil; O. H. Sargent, 517’’ (holo: BM). There has been much confusion surrounding H. montana Steudel. Bentham (1863) misapplied the name H. montana. placing H. commutata Steudel and H. discolor Steudel in synonymy, at the same time relegating H. confertifolia Steudel to a variety of H. montana. Later workers have all followed Bentham’s misapplication of the name H. montana. The description of H. montana given by Bentham (1863) relates to H. commutata and H. discolor, both of which have 3 glabrous carpels. Hibbertia montana, however, is a species with velutinous carpels. H. montana occurs near York, where it still flourishes at the type locality, Mt Bakewell, and may extend as far south as Boyagin. 38 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 3. Distribution of Hibbertia ferruginea, H. spicata subsp. spicata and H. spicata subsp. leptotheca. Hibbertia sargentii S. Moore, from the description, I consider to be a synonym of H. montana Steudel. As may be seen from the following quotation, S. Moore (1909) followed Bentham’s misapplication of H. montana, when he says of H. sargentii “On first view it might be mistaken for H. montana, to which Mr Sargent tells me, some J. R. Wheeler, Hibbertia 39 authorities whom he has consulted would refer it; but I cannot accept this opinion, tor H. mnntaiia, besides having glabrous carpels, a matter of some systematic im- portance in this genus, belongs to another subsection of Euhibbertia, of which one of the features is the absence of stam inodes.” The diagnostic characters of H. montana are given in Table 2. Hibbertia montana is closely related to both H. ovata Steudel and H. lasiopus Benth., all having 3-5 hairy carpels. The close relationship of H. montana, H. ovata and H. lasiopus is also evident on examination of their stamens. The stamens of H. montana, H. ovata and H. lasiopus are very similar, numerous and arranged all around the carpels. The fila- ments in the young flowers curve, closely hugging the carpels at the base and spread- ing only in the upper half. Several staminodes are present amongst the outer stamens. Hibbertia lasiopus, with its much larger flowers has many more stamens than H. ovata and H. montana. 4. Hibbertia commutata Steudel, in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 1:267 (1845). Type citation: “In saxosis vallis cataractae ad caput fluvii Cygnorum, 26. Jul. 1839. Herb. Preiss. No. 2136” (iso: MEL). Hibbertia discolor Steudel, in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 1:267 (1845). Type citation: “In limosis ad fluvium Canning, 22. Jul. 1839. Herb. Preiss. No. 2137” (iso: MEL). Hibbertia cvnfertil'olia Steudel, in Lehm. PI. Preiss. 1:267 (1845). Type citation: “In subarenosis di.strictus Plantagenet, Nov. 1840. Herb. Preiss. 2143” (iso: MEL). The confusion between this species and H. montana, which arose from Bentham’s treatment (1863) is discussed above. After examining isotypes (MEL) of both H. commutata and H. discolor and visiting the type locality of H. commutata, the waterfalls of the Susannah Brook, a tributary of the Swan River, I have no hesitation in reinstating H. commutata Steudel and placing H. discolor Steudel as a synonym. The diagnostic characters of H. commutata are shown in Table 2. Hibbertia commutata is a widespread species in the Darling Range, from New Norcia south- wards to the Stirling Range. H. confertit'olia Steudel I consider to be a small-leaved variant of the variable H. commutata. Hibbertia commutata is closely related to H. serrata Hotchkiss, both having 3 glabrous carpels. The stamens of H. commutata and H. serrata are fewer than those of H. montana. H. ovata and H. lasiopus. They tend to alternate with the carpels rather than evenly surround them. The filaments are almost straight, spreading from the base. Staminodes are absent in H. commutata and rare to frequent in H. serrata. The larger flowers of H. serrata from the Darling Scarp have many more stamens than either H. commutata or the H. serrata from the karri forest. 5. Hibbertia piJosa Steudel, in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 1:272 (1845). Type citation: “In densis umbrosis montis Darling’s-range, ditionis Perth, Sept. 1841. Herb. Preiss. No. 2130.” (iso: MEL). I have been unable to match any material with the original description of H. pilosa. According to the original description the leaves of this species are sparsely pilose and the carpels 1-2 with dense, long, pilose hairs. The status of H. pilosa therefore is uncertain. Table 2. Diagnostic characters of Hibbertia montcina Steudel and its allies 40 Nuytsia Vol. 5 , No. 1 ( 1984 ) -2 ^ 03 CD ^ bJD ^ S ^ bjD -o a ^ SBg 2 .2 2 7^ CC 2 -o £ I Z2 c r 2 2 'Sx « -C o) ^ CD b£ ^ = « ^-o - ^- a; £ - e ^ — » g ti H to^ c ^ 2 ^ B “ -2 I'sl CU g ^ s e.& s « “ s si . cn 0) _C 0- 3-^ - o O >. .1 1-^ a. £ g. £ = £ 2’^ ^ i: - . _c — . c/: fc, X J2 u t- 2 o 2‘£ ■« . t- ir: is -Q — 2 o o ^ ^ /-v CC - ^ -’7S O. “ O- ^ COSS ^ ZlJ' _ £ cc "x ;'| s 1 £ £f r- CD C « -c 1 & '2 2 cs io| CO > ■• .; s |- : Sis ' CM ^ : o 5 ri>” i =r -siJ CM ' I (D O CO S > ^ i2 "5 - >'* -5 5= .i: 03 b£ ^ t" >.■“ c s; cc • - P -o: -c CO CO >J ^ ID ^ .'tS bjo ^ X ^ § > O c :2 o «c3 c c O CM -C C3 -£ C (D U 03 b£ CD ^ CD > ^ o x-S (fl Q- CO O c o c >. D D a CO CO -—CO hDJ CO C/^ <03 C/;i ^ Ts; s- co be 3 — CO •— CO CO o a,-= a- CQ D ■ 2-3 O J= "o S sg 3 r. CO CD X -c c a> lr^ CD ^ -3 r- X X— D J. R. Wheeler, Hibbertia 41 6. Hibbertia ovata Steudel, in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 1:270 (1845). Type citation: “In limoso-calciilosis fruticosis prope Mahagany-creek, ditionis Darling’s-range, 12. Sept. 1889. Herb. Preiss. No. 2134.” (iso: MEL). Hibbertia inontana var. major Benth., FI. Austral. 1:35 (1863). p. pte as to the Preiss syntype. Type citation: “Swan River, Drummond" s.n, (holo: K not found); “Darling Range, Preiss n. 2134.” (iso: MEL). Bentham included H. ovata as a synonym of H. montana var. major. Hibbertia ovata, however, is a species with velutinous carpels, sessile flowers and distinctive sepals. The diagnostic characters of H. ovata are shown in Table 2, and on the basis of the differences between it and its allies, shown in Table 2, I reinstate H. ovata Steudel as a species quite distinct from both H. serrata and H. montana. Hibbertia ovata is most closely related to H. montana and H. lasiopus (see above under 3. Hibbertia montana). Hibbertia montana var. major Benth. was possibly based on mixed material since Bentham’s description does not entirely agree with the Preiss syntype, which is also the type of H. ovata. Domin (1923) recognised that two taxa were involved as he ap- pears to have excluded the Preiss syntype from his concept of the variety, lectotypifying, by implication, H. montana var. major by the Drummond collection. However, since he does not cite either collection, there is no evidence that he saw the Drummond specimen. An attempt by R. Filson to locate the Drummond specimen at Kew has been unsuccessful. Thus the application of the name H. montana var. major, in the sense of the presumed lectotype, is still in doubt. This name was ap- plied by the W.A. Herbarium and by Blackall and Grieve (1956) to the plant I recog- nise as H. serrata Hotchkiss sensu lato. 7. Hibbertia serrata Hotchkiss, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales 79:29-33 (1954). Type citation: “Pemberton. W.A., A.T. Hotchkiss, September 2, 1953” (holo: NSW) ? Hibbertia montana var. major Benth., FI. Austral. 1:35 (1863) p. pte as to the Drummond syntype. Type citation: “Swan River, Drummond” s.n. (holo: K not found). Hibbertia serrata sensu lato includes the Darling Range variant, previously recog- nised as H. montana var. major. Further fieldwork is necessary to see if this variant is sufficiently distinct to be recognised at the varietal or subspecific level, or whether indeed H. .serrata is one variable taxon. The diagnostic characters of H. serrata are shown in Table 2 under H. serrata (sensu stricto) and H. serrata (Darling Range variant). Hibbertia serrata is most closely related to H. commutata (see above under 4. Hibbertia commutata). The relationships of H. montana and its allies. It has become evident that H. montana and H. ovata are more closely related in many ways to H. lasiopus than to H. commutata and H. serrata. Hibbertia commutata and H. serrata belong in section Hibbertia subsection Bracteatae Benth., whereas I would place H montana and H. ovata with H. lasiopus in section Hibbertia subsection Hemihihbertiae Benth., de- spite the sessile flowers of H. ovata which are not characteristic of that subsection. The boundaries of the subsections within section Hibbertia perhaps need re-examin- ation in the light of the occasional staminodes found in H. serrata and the sessile flowers of H. ovata. 42 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Acknowledgements I wish to thank Dr Neville Marchant for his help and encouragement, for examining types at Melbourne, and for commenting on the manuscript. I am grateful to Dr John Green and Mr Paul Wilson for critically reading the manuscript and making suggestions for improvement. I would also like to thank Margaret A. Menadue for preparing the illustrations, Cheryl Lynch for preparing Figure J, Pro- fessor K. H. Rechinger for preparing the Latin diagnoses. Dr R. D. Hoogland for his helpful comments and Mr R. Filson for searching for types at Kew. References Bentham. 0. ( 1863). "Flora Australiensis." vol. 1. (Reeve: London.) Blackall. W. E. & (Irieve, B. J. (1956). "How to Know Western Australian Wildtlowers.” Part 2: 379 (University of Western Australia Press: Perth.) Diels, L. & Pritzel. K. (1904). Fragmenta Phytographie Australiae Occidentalis. Bot. Jahrb. 35: 382-387. Dornin. K. ( 1923). New additions to the Flora of Western Australia. Vestn. Krai. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Pnr. 2: 70, "1921-22". Gilg. E. Werdermann. E. (1925). In: A. Engler's “Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien" ed 2, 21: 21-30 (Dunckcr & Humhlot: Berlin.) Hotchkis.s, A. T. (1954). A new species of Hihbertia Andr. from Western Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales 79: 29-33. Marchant, N. G. & Perry, G. (1981). A checklist of the vascular plants of the Perth Region, Western Aus- tralia. W. Austral. Herb. Res. Notes 5: 111-134. Moore. S. ( 1909). A new Hihbertia from Western Australia. J. Bot. (Lond.) 47: 338-339. Mueller. F. von (1860). "Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae." vol. 2: 1. (Government Printer: Melbourne.) Steudel, E.T. (1845). In: C. Lehmann, “Plantae Preissianae." vol. 1. (Meissner: Hamburg.) Nuytsia 5(1): 43-48 (1984) 43 Two new Western Australian species of Lomandra Labill. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) Choo, T. S. (Roland) Botany Department, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Present address: Apt. Block 520, 21-4222, Ave. 5, Ang Mo Kio, 2056, Republic of Singapore Abstract Choo, T. S. (Roland). Two new Western Australian species of Lomandra Labill. (Xanthorrhoeaceae). Nuytsia 5(1): 43-48 (1984). Two new species of Lomandra, L. brittanii and L. maritima, are described and figured. They are both restricted to the south-west of Western Australia. Lomandra brittanii occurs east and up to 100 km south-east of Perth and L. maritima occupies coastal habitats over a range from c. 200 km north to c. 70 km south of Perth. Introduction This paper is presented to validate names for the forthcoming “Flora of the Perth Region”. R is based on work conducted at the University of Western Australia dur- ing 1967 and 1968 and embodied in a Master’s thesis (Choo 1969). Species studied included all the then recognized Western Australian species of Lomandra. Lomandra brittanii Choo, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Differt a L. paucif'lora (R.Br.) Ewart: inflorescentiis femineis racemosis paucifloris, inflorescentiis masculis spicatis; bracteis florum femineorum pro genere longissimis (10-25 mm longis); caulibus rectis brevissimis (0.5-1 cm). Typus: 28 mile peg on Albany Highway, south-east of Perth, Western Australia. 9 Nov. 1967. Choo, T. S. 67104 (male) (holo: PERTH). Perennial, rhizomatous, dioecious herbs. Leafy stems erect and short, very densely tufted. Leaves basal, soft, narrow-linear, flat or concave, 5-20 cm long, 0.5-1 mm broad, apex rounded; sheathing bases white or yellowish, margins scarious and some- times splitting into fibres. Male inflorescences small and inconspicuous, spicate, 3- 8 cm long, bearing 6-20 flowers in groups of two or three. Each male flower sub- tended by a bract and bracteole; bract scarious, lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-10 mm long, 0.7-1. 5 mm broad; bracteole scarious, ovate to very broadly ovate, 0.5-2 mm long, 0.5- 1 mm broad. Female inflorescences very much reduced racemes, 1-3 mm long, hidden among the leaves, bearing a single terminal cluster of 1-5 flowers. Each female flower subtended by a conspicuous bract and bracteole; bract larger, scarious, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, 10-25 mm long, 1-2 mm broad; bracteole similar but smaller, 3-10 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad. Male flowers purple or yellowish-purple, globular, 2. 5-3. 5 mm long, sessile, rarely lower flowers on very short pedicels, 0.5-1 mm long. Tepals free, 3-, 5- or 7-nerved, incurved, differentiated into an outer sepaloid whorl and an inner petaloid whorl; outer tepals shorter and narrower, purple, membranous, narrowly ovate to broadly elliptic, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad; inner tepals longer and broader, purple or yellowish-purple, thick and fleshy with membranous 44 5mm Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) L I’igure 1. lAimandra brittanii. A and B — Male flowers; C — Bract of male flower; D — Bracteole of male flower; K— Female flower; F' — Female inflorescence bearing three flowers with long bracts; G — Ovary. incurved margins, rotund to orbicular, 2-2.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm broad. Stamens equal in length, 1-1.5 mm long, inserted at the base of the tepals. Rudimentary ovary 0.3-0.7 mm long, 0.3-0. 7 mm in diameter. Female flowers larger, purple, campanulate, 4-6 mm long on pedicels 0.5-3 mm long. Tepals free, 3-, 5- or 7-veined, differentiated as in male flowers; outer tepals shorter and narrower, membranous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 3-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad; inner tepals longer and broader, thick T. S. Choo, Two new species of Lomandra 45 and fleshy with membranous incurved margins, elliptic to rotund, 4-5 mm long, 2- 3 mm broad. Staminodes c. 0.5 mm long. Insertion on tepals similar to stamens in male flowers. Ov'arv triquetrous, 1.5-2 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad. Stigmas sessile on ovary. Additional specimens examined. Type locality, T. S. Choo 67101 (male) and 67109 (female) (CANB), 67102 (male) and 67110 (female) (K), 67103 (male) and 67112 (female) (NSW), 67111 (female) (PERTH), 67105, -106, -107 (all male) and 67113, -114, -115 (all female) (UWA); Parkerville, T. S. Choo 6721 (UWA — spirit collec- tion); 60 mile peg, Albany Highway, T. S. Choo 6741a (UWA— spirit collection); Western Australia, Oldfield, MEL 20707 (n.v.) Distribution and ecology. Restricted to an area east and south-east of Perth (c. 40- 100 km) in Jarrah {Eucalyptus marginata) forest in sandy or lateritic soils (Figure 3). Flowering period. October-November. On account of its perianth structure this species is seemingly closely related to L. pauci flora, but the two species differ as follows. (a) The staminate inflorescence of L. brittanii is a spike, whereas that of L. pauciflora is a raceme. The pistillate inflorescence of the former species is very dif- ferent from its staminate inflorescence and is a very reduced raceme bearing a ter- minal cluster of 1-5 flowers, whereas that of the latter species is very similar to its staminate inflorescence and bears 10-20 flowers in groups of two or three. (b) The bracts, especially those of the pistillate flowers, of L. brittanii are very conspicuous and longer than the flowers, whereas those of L. pauciflora are shorter than the flowers. (c) The leafy stems are erect and short, 0.5-1 cm long, and the leaves are basal in L. brittanii, whereas in L. pauciflora the stems are procumbent and elongated, 10- 50 cm long, and the leaves are caullne. The Oldfield specimen cited above, was originally identified as Xerotes caespitosa Benth. and later (Lee 1962: 162, 1966) identified as L. sororia (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Ewart (T. D. Macfarlane, pers. comm.), the sole record of that species from Western Australia. The specific epithet commemorates Dr N. H. Brittan who supervised the author’s postgraduate degree. Lomandra maritima Choo, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Differt a L. hermaphrodita (C. Andrews) C. A. Gardner: foliis longioribus (30- 50 cm), latioribus (2-5 mm), nec tortilibus, nec torsilibus; rachillis inflorescentianum alternis; floribus solitaribus raro 2-3 simul praesentibus; florescentia Aug-Oct. Typus: On hillslope near Challenger Drive, City Beach, near Perth, Western Aus- tralia. 29 Sept. 1966. T. S. Choo 6698 (male) (holo: PERTH). Perennial, rhizomatous dioecious herbs. Leafy stems erect and short, densely tufted. Leaves basal, soft, narrow-linear, flat 30-60 cm long, 2-5 mm broad, apex rounded; sheathing bases brown or purplish, with scarious margins splitting into 46 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) F Figure 2. Lotnandra maritima. A and B — Male flowers; C — Longitudinal section of male flower; D — Front view of stamen; E — Back view of stamen; F — Female flower; G — Longitudinal section of female flower; H — Ovary. fibres. Male and female inflorescences similar, a panicle 5-10 cm long, with alternate rachillae bearing solitary scattered flowers, occasionally two or three together. Each flower subtended by a bract and a bracteole; bract membranous, lanceolate to ovate, 2-6 mm long, 1-2.5 mm broad; bracteole similar but smaller, 1-4 mm long, 0.5-1 mm broad. Male flowers purple and yellow, globular, 3.5-6 mm long, on pedicels 2-10 mm long. Tepals free, 3-, 5- or 7-veined, incurved, differentiated into an outer sepaloid whorl and an inner petaloid whorl; outer tepals purple, membranous, narrowly ovate to rotund, 3-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm broad; inner tepals yellow, thick and fleshy with membranous incurved margins, broadly ovate to rotund 4-5 mm long, 2. 5-3. 5 mm broad. Stamens 1.5-2 mm long, inserted near the base of the tepals. Rudimentary T. S. Choo, Two new species of Lomandra 47 Figure :i. Dislriliution map for L. hrittanii and L. maritima. ovarr 0.5-1 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter. Female flowers purple and yellow, ellip- soid, 5-8 mm long on pedicels 1-5 mm long. Tepals as in staminate flowers but larger, outer tepals broadly to very broadly ovate; 3-5 mm long, 2.5-4 mm broad; inner tepals broadly ovate to rotund, 4-6 mm long, 2.5-4 mm broad. Staminodes 0.5-1 mm long, insertion similar to stamens in male flowers. Ovary triquetrous, 2-2.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm in diameter. Stif^mas sessile on ovary. Additional specimens examined. Tvpe locality, T, S. Choo 6695 (female) and 6696 (male) (K)- Tvpe locality, T. S. Choo 6697 (female), (PERTH); 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Jurien Bav’ township along track to lighthouse, T. S. Choo 68123 (UWA); Guilderton Beach T S Choo 68125 (UWA); Yanchep Beach, 8 Aug. 1960, G. G. Smith s.n. (UWA); Kings Park, Perth, Oct. 1953, A. M. Baird s.n. (UWA); Pinjarra to Mandurah road, near Serpentine River, C. L. Wilson 828 (UWA). Distribution and ecology. Restricted to the coastal region of south-west Western Australia, extending from Jurien Bay in the north (c. 200 km N of Perth) to Mandurah in the south (c. 70 km S of Perth)— Figure 3. It is found only in sandy soil. Flowering period. Late August-October. The new species is most closely related to L. hermaphrodite from which it differs in the following ways. (a) Lomandra maritima, as the specific epithet implies, is a coastal species, whereas L. hermaphrodita is found only in inland localities. 48 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) (b) The flowering period of L. maritima is late August to October, whereas L. hermaphrodita (lowers in April and May. (c) The inflorescence branching in L. maritima is alternate, rarely opposite, whereas in L. hermaphrodita it is opposite or verticillate. (d) The dry leaves of L. maritima are yellow or light brown, those of L. hermaphrodita are brick red or copper-coloured. Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the award of a University of Western Aus- tralia Studentship held in 1967 and 1968. He also wishes to thank Dr Brittan for supervision and guidance in the course of the work and for writing the Latin diag- noses, and Dr T. D. Macfarlane of the Western Australian Herbarium for infor- mation on the Oldfield specimen of L. hrittanii. References Choo, T. S. (Roland) (1969). “A Study of the Western Australian species of Lomandra Labill. (Xanthorrhoeaceae). with Reference to their Anatomy, Taxonomy and Phylogeny.” (Unpub. M.Sc. Thesis. Llniversity of Western Australia.) Lee, A. (1962). Notes on Lnmandra in New -South Wales. Contrib. New South Wales Natl Herb. 3: 151-164. Lee, A. (1966). Ijomandra. Contrib. New South Wales Natl Herb., Flora Ser. 34: 16-42. Nuytsia 5(1); 49-51 (1984) 49 Dryandra mimica, a new species of Proteaceae from south-west Western Australia A. S. George Bureau of Flora and Fauna, G.P.O. Box 1383, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Abstract George, .A. S. Dryandra mimica, a new species of Proteaceae from south-west Western Australia. Nuytsia 5(1): 49-51 (1984). Dryandra mimica is described and discussed. Superficially resembling D. nivea (Labill.) R. Br., it is most closely related to D. vestita Kippist ex Meissner. The genus Dryandra R. Br. (Proteaceae) has not been revised since its treatment by George Bentham in Volume 5 of the Flora Australiensi.s, published in 1870. Sev- eral new species have been described since then, but at least fifteen more await names. These will be published before the genus is prepared for Volume 17 of the “Flora of Australia”, due to appear in 1988. One species is described here, however, in order to be available for the forthcoming “Flora of the Perth Region." Dryandra mimica A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Species facie Dryandrae niveae (Labill.) R. Br., sed recte D. vestitae Kippist ex Meissner affinis, a qua habitu prostrate, foliis multi-dentatis, et tepalis penicillatis, praecipue differt. Typus: Corner of Brentwood Rd and Crystal Brook Rd, Wattle Grove, Western Aus- tralia (82°()4'S, 116°00'E), 17 Dec. 1972, A. S. George 11648 (holo: PERTH; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH). Shrill) with small lignotuber and short underground stems, the latter with many linear tomentose bract-like prophylls. Leaves crow-ded near stem apices, linear, at- tenuate towards ba.se, pungent, mostly 13-35 cm long including petiole, 5-15 mm wide just below apex, tomentose above becoming glabrous, reticulate and closely tomentose below, dentate with many rigid, obtuse to acute lobes 1-2 mm long at 90° to midrib; sinuses U-shaped, mostly 3-8 mm wide; margins revolute; petiole 4-6 cm long, tomentose and loosely hirsute, the lamina decurrent as a narrow rib each side. Inflorescences terminal, becoming crowded over successive years; involucral bracts narrowly linear, attenuate, 17-22 mm long, rufous-villous in lower 2/3, distally hir- sute and closely tomentose. Flowers c. 20 per head, evenly spaced over receptacle; bracts and bracteoles narrowly linear, c. 1 cm long, rufous-villous. Perianth straight or outer ones gently curved, 25-30 mm long, yellow, glabrous at base, then villous with curled hairs, then glabrous in distal half except a tuft of long white hairs at apex; glabrous inside; limb narrow, 7-8 mm long, its base not clearly marked. Pistil straight or gently curved, 24-27 mm long, stout at base, attenuate to apex, glabrous; pollen-presenter not thickened. Hypogynous scales linear, acute, 2 mm long. Follicles few, ± oblong but upper margin obliquely curved to stylar side, swollen at base, 2 cm long, 1 cm wide, covered with matted appressed hairs, the base and stylar side also with long, straight rufous hairs. 50 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 1. IJryancira mimica. Holotype (.4. S. George 11648). Other collections examined. Type locality, 6 Aug. 1964, A. S. George 6360 (with old flowers) (PERTH); W of Mogumber Siding, 3 Sept. 1975, A. S. George 14165 (with old flowers) (PERTH); Acton Park Road, Whicher (Range), 13 Sept. 1976, G. S. McCutcheon 823 (sterile) (PERTH). A. S. George, Dryandra mimica ol Distribution. Western Australia, known from the three localities cited. Habitat. At the type locality on a sandy flat among low shrubland with scattered emergent Eucalyptus marginata and Kingia australis; at Mogumber on a deep sandy slope in Banksia low open woodland with heath understorey. Flowering period. December-January. Affinities. The species has very much the aspect of Dryandra nivea (Labill.) R. Br., with which it grows at the type locality. This resemblance is superficial, arising from the prostrate habit and dentate leaves. In fact, the leaves have rounded sinuses, not V-shaped as in D. nivea. The floral arrangement is different, D. nivea having the flowers (pale brown) arising around the margin of the receptacle leaving a broad central cavity at anthesis, whereas in D. mimica the flowers (yellow) arise evenly and evenly spaced from the receptacle. This arrangement is the same as that of D. vestita Kippist ex Meissner which is the closest relative of the new' species. The floral struc- ture and indumentum are like those of D. vestita, except that D. mimica has an api- cal tuft of long straight hairs which is lacking in D. vestita. The involucral bracts are similar in these two species and the close covering of prophylls on the underground stems of D. mimica has a parallel in the prophylls on the aerial steins of D. vestita. Both flower in summer, an unusual flowering period in the genus. At anthesis the tepals separate but do not relax, the limb loosely enclosing the pollen-presenter. In most species of Dryandra, including D. nivea, the tepals relax and curl back, leaving the pollen-presenter free. Conservation status. Endangered, coded 3E (Leigh, Briggs & Hartley 1981). The type locality is freehold land and the Mogumber locality has been partly cleared. Etymology. The Latin mimicus, imitative, refers to the superficial resemblance of the new' species to Dryandra nivea. Reference Leigh, -J. H.. Briggs, J. D. & Hartley, W. (1981). “Rare or Threatened Au.stralian Plants”. (Austral. Natl. Parks & Wild! Serv., Special Publication 7; Canberra). 28267—5 Nuytsia5(l): 53-62 (1984) 53 Seven new orchids from Western Australia A. S. George Bureau of Flora and P'auna, G.P.O. Box 1383, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Abstract George, A. S. Seven new orchids from Western Australia. Nuytsia 5(1): 53-62 (1984). The following new taxa are described: Valadenia awplexans. C. infundihularis, C. uliginosa, C. wanosa. Drakaea thynniphila. Pterostylifi dilatala and Tbelymitra variegata var. apiculata. Introduction Description of these orchids arises from new collections and research carried out following my Check list of the Orchidaceae of Western Australia in Nuytsia 1: 166- 196 (19701. Most have been known for some years but it has only recently been pos- sible to decide the rank at which they should be named. The Drakaea provides a name for a species to which, until 1970. the name D. elastica Lindley w'as misapplied. Caladcnia amplexans A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figure lA-D) Species Caladeniae caeruleae R. Br. affinis, a qua lobis lateralibus labelli purpureis columnam amplectentibus praecipue differt, etiani folio latiore undique viridi, flore caeruleo pallidiore, et labello sine vittis transversalibus prominentibus. Typus: 56 miles (c. 85 km) NE of Wubin, Western Australia (c. 29°53'S, 117°00'E) 20 Aug. 1960, A. S. George 900 (holo: PERTH). Tuber ovoid, 1.5-2. 5 cm long, the outer layers densely matted. Flowering plant to 25 cm tall. Leaf broadly linear, obtuse to acute, 2.5-1 2.5 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, sparsely hirsute above, almost glabrous below, green both sides. Stem hirsute with non-glandular hairs; bract 1, at middle; floral bract obtuse, 5-9 mm long. Flower 1, sometimes 2, pale blue inside and outside, scentless. Lateral sepals broadly falcate, directed forwards, obtuse, 7-16 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, closely glandular outside. Dorsal sepal linear, erect, 8-18 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, glandular outside. Petals lin- ear, slightly falcate, 9-16 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, sparsely glandular outside. Lahelhim erect, 5-7 mm high, the apex recurved; lateral lobes broadly obtuse, entire, 1.5-2 mm high, clasping column apex, purple-maroon, sometimes faintly and irregularly handed; apical lobe c. 1 mm long, yellow, the margins with small calli; calli of lamina in 2 rows of 10-14 to the bend, then irregularly crowded on the apical lobe, cream, the basal ones almost 1 mm long, becoming smaller distally, the heads globular, papillose; sometimes small calli lateral to 2 main rows. Column 5-7 mm high, broadly winged from base to anther; anther apiculate. Selected collections examined. Between Wurarga and Pindar, Aug. 1963, Y. Chadwick 2037; NW of Eurardy Stn homestead, 27°19'S, 114°27'E, 25 Aug. 1969, A. S. George 9541; Morawa, 27 Aug. 1959, M. C. George; near Koorda, 17 Sept. 1972, B. & M. Smith: 11 km N of Bullfinch, P. G. Wilson 6173; 24 km W of Paynes Find, 7 Aug. 1969, P. G. Wilson 8647. All collections at PERTH. 54 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) E o Figure 1. A-I ) — Caladenia amplexans. A — Flower. B — Leaf. C — Labellum from rear. D — Column from front. Locality not recorded. E-l — Caladenia infundibularis. E — Flower. F — Leaf. G — Labellum and column from side. H — Labellum from front and above. I — One row of calli. From .4. S. George 11727. A. S. George, Seven new orchids 55 Distribution. Western Australia, from the lower Murchison River to Merredin and east to Mt Churchman and Bullabulling. Habitat. In loam and clay in Acacia shrubland, in granitic soil, and on greenstone ridges. Flowering period. August — September. Affinities. Caladenia ainplexans has a strong affinity with C. caeruiea R. Br. of the section Caladenia. It is readily distinguished from this species by the labellum which clasps the column with its lateral lobes. In C. caeruiea these lobes are erect and well- spaced from the column. Caladenia amplexans usually has a broader leaf that is green (not red) beneath, the perianth segments are more obtuse, and the flowers are paler blue. The labellum lacks the prominent transverse red bands of C. caeruiea. The distributions of the two species overlap slightly near the line of the Great East- ern Highway, but C. caeruiea in Western Australia otherwise occurs south of C. amplexans. The two species have not been recorded growing together. The column-clasping labellum is also found in the related Caladenia saccharata H. G. Reichb., but this species has a glistening white, sweetly scented flower and a nar- row red -green leaf. There is also an affinity with the much larger species C. sericea Bindley. Conservation status. Not considered rare or endangered. Etymology. The Latin epithet amplexans (clasping) refers to the labellum. Caladenia infundibularis A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figure lE-I) Species Caladeniae huegelii H. G. Reichb. affinis, a qua floribus pallide viridibus et atro-rubris; lamina labelii pro parte maxima horizontali apice deorsum curvato marginibus incurvis; et callis 4(-6) seriatis non ad dimidium laminae attingentibus, differt. Typus: Near Scenic Drive turnoff, Augusta-Cape Leeuwin road, Western Australia (34°20'S. 115°09'E), 16 October 1973, A. S. George 11727 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANB). A moderately robust spider orchid to 70 cm tall. Leaf linear to narrow-lanceolate, erect, 13-26 cm long, 8-14 mm wide, acute, hirsute both sides. Stem hirsute; stem bract 1. Ovary densely glandular-hirsute. Flowers 1 or 2; perianth pale green with maroon markings; sepals and petals finely nerved; scent absent. Lateral sepals spreading, broadly linear for 10-15 mm, then narrowed to filiform points, the whole 30-55 mm long, with slender clubs 7-15 mm long; dorsal sepal erect, linear, tapering to filiform point. 30-58 mm long, with club 6-15 mm long; sepals glabrous inside ex- cept some short glandular hairs near base, sparsely glandular-pubescent outside but glabrous below clubs; clubs very shortly glandular. Petals spreading, linear, tapering to filiform points, without clubs, 30-40 mm long. Labellum on a claw of 1-2 mm, the lamina obovate-obtrullate, horizontal for most of its length, towards the apex down turned with incurved margins almost forming a funnel, the apex itself turned under or outwards; margins entire at base for 7-10 mm, then fringed with fine smooth segments 3-7 mm long becoming shorter and thicker anteriorly, near the apex irregularly dentate to entire; apex almost acute; whole lamina 17-24 mm long, 9- 15 mm wide excluding fringe, the lower 1/2 to 2/3 pale green, remainder dark red; 56 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) call) in 4 (sometimes 6) rows extending for 7-10 mm from base, slender, linear but with curved apices, the basal ones straight, c. 1.5 mm long, anterior ones less than 1 mm. Column ± erect, 13-15 mm high, narrowly winged with triangular, obtuse lobes c. 3 mm wide just below anther; anther 3-4 mm long, apiculate; 2 yellow glands at base of column. CoIIectinnH examined. Karritlale, Oct. 1905, C. Andrews; “Cape Augusta" (probably Cape Leeuwin), 18 Oct. 1962, A. R. Fairall 789; Margaret River, Oct. 1959, K. Fletcher; S of Yallingup, 8 Oct. 1967, A. S. George 9209; Margaret River district, Oct. 1914, L. Glauert; Karridale, 12 Oct. 1977, R. Heherle; 5.5 km E of Karridale, 23 Oct. 1974, S. D. Hopper; Augusta, 17 Oct. 1967, G. Sumner; Yallingup, Oct. 1958, T. Smith. All collections at PERTH. Distribution. Western Australia, between Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste. Habitat. In loam in Jarrah-Karri forest, and in granitic sandy loam in low shrubland near coast. Flowering period. October. Affinities. This species belongs to the complex within section Calonema that includes C. huegelii H. G. Reichb. and C. dilatata R. Br. It is distinguished by the broad, hori- zontal lamina ol' the labellum, by the apex which is funnel-shaped with incurved margins, and by the 4-6 short rows of slender calli. Conservation status. Rare, coded 2RC (Leigh, Briggs & Hartley 1981). Etymology. The Latin infundihularis (funnel-shaped) refers to the apex of the labellum. Caladenia uliginosa A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Species Caladeniae patersonii R. Br. affinis, a qua praecipue floribus minoribus, labello minore pallide viridi et purpureo breviter fimbriato, differt. Sepala 4.5-8 cm longa; labellum 15-19 mm longum, 6-9 mm latum. Typus: 31 km N of Frankland, Western Australia (34°11'S, 116°59'E), 3 Oct. 1978, a". S. George 15250 (holo; PERTH; iso: AD, CANB, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH). A slender spider orchid to 35 cm tall. Leaf linear, often broadly, acute or obtuse, 5- 20 cm long, hirsute both sides, the hairs more sparse towards apex. Stem hirsute; stem bract 2-3 cm long. Ovary glandular-hirsute. Flowers 1-4; perianth pale green or greenish-cream with maroon markings; scent absent. Sepals broadly linear for 12- 20 mm, then narrowed rather abruptly to filiform points, the whole 45-80 mm long, sparsely glandular near base, densely so on apices; lateral sepals pendulous. Petals similar but 35-55 mm long. Labellum erect on a claw 1 mm long, 7-9 mm high, 8- 10 mm long, 15-19 mm long flattened, 6-9 mm wide; lamina narrowly ovate-oblong when flattened, curved forwards with the apex recurved; lateral lobes small, wdth a fringe of smooth segments up to 2.5 mm long; apex dentate, maroon; calli in 4 rows, often 6 near base, reducing to 2 near apex, narrow, slipper-like, white at base of labellum, smaller and maroon towards apex, not reaching apex. Column tilted slightly back, then forwards, 11-14 mm high; wings expanded to 4 mm wide below anther; 2 yellow glands inside at base; anther apiculate. A. S. George, Seven new orchids 57 Figure 2. Caladenia uliginosa. A — Labellum from front x2. B — Labellum and column from side x2. C — Fringe ol labellum margin. D — One row of calli from labellum. E — Column from front x3. Locality not recorded. Selected collections examined. Near Dryandra, 29 Sept. 1971, A. S. George 11053 (PERTH); 12.5 km W of Frankland R., Muir Hwy, 2 Nov. 1977, A. S. George 15023 (AD, CANB, K, NSW, PERTH); Woodanilling turnoff, Albany Hwy, 3 Oct. 1978, A. S. George 15263 (PERTH); Kojonup, Oct. 1924, B. T. Goadby (PERTH); Rocky Gully, 9 Nov. 1977, R. Heberle (PERTH); Bridgetown, 15 Oct. 1919, 0. H. Sargent (PERTH). Distribution. Western Australia, between Dryandra, Pindalup, Bridgetown, Rocky Gully and Kojonup. Habitat. Low-lying clay flats, wet in winter, in Eucalypt low open woodland and open shrubland. Flowering period. October-November. Affinities. Caladenia uiiginosa belongs to the section Calonema in which it is related to C. patersonii R. Br. It is distinguished from this species by the pale green and red flowers, the smaller labellum with shortly fringed lateral lobes and maroon apex, and the lack of scent. Usually it is a short plant less than 20 cm tall. Conservation status. Not considered rare or endangered. Etymology. The Latin uliginosus, swampy, refers to the preferred habitat of the species. Caladenia wanosa A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figure 3A-E) Species Caladeniae radiali R. Rogers affinis, a qua foliis minus hirsutis, sepalibus non nisi per 3-6 mm ab apicibus glandulosis, petalis glabris, sepalo dorsali erecto, et callis labelli vinosis in seriebus duabus, differt. 58 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Typus: W of Eurardv Station homestead, N of Murchison River, Western Australia (27°34'S, 114°40'E), 24 Aug. 1969, A. S. George 9530 (holo; PERTH; iso: CANB). A small slender spider orchid 10-20 cm tall. Leaf linear, erect or ascending, 3-9 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, acute, hirsute on lower surface, glabrous or very sparsely hirsute on upper surface, the hairs mostly non-glandular. Stem loosely hirsute with both short and long glandular and non-glandular hairs; stem bract 1; a similar bract sub- tending flower. Flower 1, rarely 2; perianth cream with deep maroon markings, almost glabrous except the glandular apices to the sepals; all segments 3-5-nerved, the central nerve the most prominent. Sepals broadly linear in lower half, tapering to filiform apices, the distal 3-6 mm glandular with short, thick glands, the whole sepal 21-32 mm long; lateral sepals curved dowm, dorsal sepal erect. Petals almost horizon- tal, linear, tapering to acuminate apices, 12-24 mm long. Labellum on a claw of 1- 1.5 mm. erect at base, then curved forward with the apex recurv’ed; lamina transversely elliptic, 8-10 mm wide, when flattened + obovate and 12-13 mm long, prominently nerved, the nerves fanned outw'ards from base; lateral lobes ± horizon- tal; apex obtuse, maroon; margins entire, smooth, slightly thickened towards recurved apex; calli in 2 rows extending about half-wmy along lamina from base, 7-12 calli per row, the basal 1 -3 ± slender with narrow-ovoid heads, the others stout with heads becoming spherical on the short anterior calli. the heads divergent from the mid-line of the lamina; calli deep maroon. Column erect, 8-10 mm high, with scat- tered glands inside; no yellow glands at base; wings narrow above broad base and ex- panded below anther into lobes 2 mm broad wdth lower angle pronounced but obtuse; anther ascending to horizontal, 1.5-2 mm long, very shortly apiculate. Other collections examined. Z Bend, Murchison River, Kalbarri National Park, early Sept. 1972, N. Hoffman (PERTH, K, MEL, NSW). Distrihution. Western Australia, in the lower Murchison River area. Habitat. On a sandy flat in the shelter of shrubs (George) and in sand over sandstone among shrubs at the edge of the Murchison River gorge (Hoffman). Flowering period. August-September. Affinities. Caladenia wanosa is closely related to C. radialis R. Rogers, differing from it especially in the leaf, perianth and calli. The leaf is less hirsute than in C. radialis; only the sepals are glandular and then for only 3-6 mm (in radialis all segments are glandular for up to half their length); the dorsal sepal is erect (curved backwards and horizontal or pendulous in radialis); the calli are in 2 distinct rows, thick and maroon (in a ± crowded band, slender and white to cream in radialis). Caladenia wanosa oc- curs well north of the known range of C. radialis, which occurs between Mingenew, Highbury and Ravensthorpe. These two species are probably best placed in section Phlebochilus Benth. A review of the infrageneric classification of Caladenia is needed, since many species have been described since Bentham divided the genus into five sections (FI. Austral. 6: 376-389, 1873). Conservation status. Rare, coded 2RC (Leigh, Briggs & Hartley 1981). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the initials of the W.A. Native Or- chid Study and Conservation Group. The Group has been very active in extending our knowledge of tbe orchids in Western Australia and has contributed many speci- mens to the Western Australian Herbarium. Figure 3. A-E — Caladenia wanosa. A — Flower. B — Leaf. C — Apex of labellum from front. D — One row of calli. E — Column. F’rom A. S. George 9530. F-K — Drakaea thynniphila. F — Flower. G — Hinge of labellum. H — Lamina of labellum from front. 1 — Lamina of labellum from rear. J — Hairs from lamina of labellum. K — Anther and stigma. Between Nannup and Pemberton, collector unknown. L — Thelymitra variegata var. apiculata. Column from side. From A. S. George 2598. 60 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Drakaea thynniphila A. S. George, sp. nov. (Figure 3F-K) Species Drakaeae elasticae Lindley affinis, a qua lamina labelli parviore (6-10 mm longa) non verrucosa praeter basim, apice non vel parum sursum flexo, differ!. Typus: Gull Rock Road, E of Oyster Harbour, Western Australia (34°59'S, li8°00'E), 1 Oct. 1971, A. S. George 11099 (holo; PERTH; iso: CANB). A slender plant 13-35 cm tall, glabrous except labellum and rarely leaf. Leaf cor- date. sessile at base of stem, ± amplexicaul, obtuse, 6-13 mm long, the centre thick and spongy below becoming thinner when dried, grey-green above with reticulate venation, rarely pubescent above. Stem bract 1, sessile, closely appressed, 4-6 mm long. Floral bract similar. Pedicel slender, 1-2 cm long. Perianth segments (except dorsal seijal) reflexed against oyary or curved forwards, narrow-linear, acute, 8- 12 mm long, the margins inrolled; dorsal sepal extended horizontally behind column, similar to other segments, 9-13 mm long. Labellum on a claw with a median hinge, the lower part 5-6 mm long with a small swelling around a depression on upper side towards hinge; upper part of claw' 5-6 mm long with a small swelling just above hinge; lamina dark red-hlack, smooth except base, 6-10 mm long, ± oblong, slightly sw'ollen below point of attachment, then narrowed, the apex not or slightly flared, straight or a little upturned: callus below' point of attachment consisting of variable rounded sessile glands, usually with a neck; both callus and adjacent half of lamina hirsute with simple or slightly divided hairs. Column reclined backw'ards, 7-9 mm long; basal auricles oblong-triangular, rounded, 2 mm long; stigma with apical mucro projecting beyond anther. Collections examined. ?Yarloop, 4 Oct. 1977, A. Browip Napier, near Albany, 14 Sept. 1971, L. Byrne; Gull Rock Road, E of Albany, 14 Sept. 1971, L. Byrne; (flull Rock Road, E of Albany, 1 Oct. 1971, A. S. George 11097; Rowley Road, SW of Forrestdale, 2 Oct. 1977, A. S. George s.n.; Donnelly River, 4 miles S of Nannup- Pemberton Road, 25 Oct. 1959, AL C. George; East Porongurups, Sept. 1930, B. T. Goadby; Denmark, 23 Sept. 1973, G. Rogerson; 1.5 miles W of Walpole, 21 Sept. 1974, T. G. Wilson; between Albany & Denmark, late Sept. 1975, C. Woolcock. All collections at PERTH. Distribution. Western Australia, in near-coastal districts between Perth and Albany. Habitat. In white sand on flats adjacent to swamps, in low open-woodland of Euca- lyptus marginata, Banksia spp. and Casuarina fraseriana. Flowering period. September-October. Affinities. Drakaea thynniphila differs from D. elastica Lindley, its closest relative, in having the lamina of the labellum somewhat smaller, without an upturned apex, smooth and evenly dark red-black without spots. The two species have similar geo- graphical ranges and flowering times, but the new species is usually much less fre- quent in number of plants. Etymohygy. The specific epithet is derived from Thynninae, the subfamily to which belong the wasps w'hich pollinate Drakaea (Stoutamire 1981), and the Greek suffix phila (loving). Conservation status. Rare, coded 3R (Leigh, Briggs & Hartley 1981). A. S. George, Seven new orchids Pterostylis dilatata A. S. George, sp. nov. 61 Species Pterostylis nanae R. Br. affinis, a qua foliis plantae florentis omnibus caulinis nullis rosulatis vel basalibus, etiam apicibus petalorum dilatatis, differt. Typus: Below N side of Bluff Knoll, Stirling Range, Western Australia (34°22'S, 118°15'E), 6 July 1969, A. S. George 9390 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANB). Flowering plant slender, 5-15 cm tall, without basal leaves. Stem leafy, finely scab- rid; basal bract sheathing, 3-6 mm long. Leaves 3-6, narrowly lanceolate, acute, 6- 23 mm long, 1.5-5. 5 mm wide. Flower 1, erect, translucent white banded with bright to pale green. Galea 15-24 mm tall, the hood curved forward and slightly downward. Dorsal sepal gibbous near base, broadly linear above, rather abruptly narrowed to obtuse apex. Petals slightly exceeding dorsal sepal, the apices obtuse, dilated and concave forming a prominent hood 9-10 mm wide; outer margins slightly irregular. Lateral sepals erect, 22-30 mm long, united and narrowly cuneate for 10-14 mm, the apices filiform, terete, slightly clavate in distal 2-3 mm; sinus horizontal, the margin inrolled with a prominent central, obtuse, emarginate lobe. Labellum lamina oblong, obtuse, 5-6.5 mm long, with basal hair tuft. Column 7-8 mm high. Selected collections examined. 19 miles (c. 30 km) N of Regans Ford, 19 July 1978, R. Cranfield 225 (PERTH); 8 km N of Kukerin, 1 July 1970, A. S. George 9898 (PERTH); Boyatup Hill, 33°44'S, 123°02'E, 13 Aug. 1980, A. S. George 15980 (PERTH); Manmanning, 10 Aug. 1974, B. & M. Smith (PERTH); 1 km N of Gibson, 5 Aug. 1980, D. R. Voigt s.n. (PERTH). Distribution. Western Australia, at scattered localities in the south west between Perth and Israelite Bay, with an isolated occurrence at Point Culver on the edge of the Great Australian Bight. Habitat. In sand in Eucalypt low woodland and open shrubland, usually in shelter of shrubs; also in granitic soil in closed scrub; at Gnangara persists in plantation of Pinus radiata. Flowering period. June-August. Affinity. Pterostylis dilatata is clearly related very closely to P. nana R. Br. and I have deliberated for some years as to the rank it should be given. It may easily be distinguished from P. nana by the lack of any basal leaves in flowering plants, and by the broad apices of the petals which give the galea a more hooded aspect. In Pterostylis, the presence or absence of a basal rosette in flowering plants has been considered important in the infrageneric classification and usually is linked to significant floral characters. Pterostylis nana and P. dilatata are exceptions, for their flowers are very similar morphologically. The plant described by Bindley as Pterostylis pyramidalis is a variant of P. nana in which the basal leaves form a loose, not compact, rosette. Conservation status. Rare, coded 3RC (Leigh, Briggs & Hartley 1981). Etymology. The Latin dilatatus, widened, refers to the apices of the petals. 62 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Thelymitra variegata (Lindley) F. Muell. var. apiculata A. S. George, var. nov. (Figure 3L) A Thelymitra variegata (Lindley) F. Muell. typica lobis lateralibus columnae apiculatis dif'l'ert; apiculi filiformi, 0.5-1 mm longi. Folium non spirale. Segmenta perianthii 10-17 mm longa, purpurea maculis atro-purpureis, marginibus aureis. Tvinis: 7 miles (11 km) SE of Badgingarra homestead, Western Australia (30°29'S, 1 i5°36'E), 19 June 1961, A. M George 2598 (holo: PERTH). Differs from typical Thelymitra variegata (Lindley) F. Muell. in the apiculate lat- eral lobes of the column: apiculi filiform, 0.5-1 mm long. Leaf not spiral. Perianth segments 10-17 mm long, bright purple with deep purple spots, the margins golden. Collections examined. 3 miles (5 km) SW of Mt Lesueur, 24 July 1969, K. M. Allan 65; Stockyard Gully, July 1963, W. H. Butler; 2 miles (3 km) E along McNamarra Road from Brand Hvvy, near Badgingarra, 19 July 1978, R. Cranfield 246; c. 5 miles (8 km) NE of Hill River Spring on Watheroo road, 19 June 1961, A. S. George 2608; Mogumber Mission. June 1965, M. C. George; near Jurien turnoff from Brand Hwy, 1981, P. Nikulinsky: Watheroo, 2 Aug. 1971, Mrs Scott (fls almost over). All collec- tions at PERTH. Distrihution. Western Australia, between Eneabba and Mogumber. Habitat. In lateritic sand in low shrubland. Flowering period. June- July. Discussion. Thelymitra variegata is variable in size and in the representation of gold and pale and deep purple in the perianth, but in general the floral morphology re- mains uniform. An exception is found in northern populations where the lateral lobes of the column each bear a fine apiculum. In addition the plants usually flower very early, in June and July; the typical variety flowers in August and September, although it may appear in July on the heaths east of the Stirling Range. The geo- graphical range of var. apiculata is mostly to the north of that of var. variegata, but there are collections of the latter from Watheroo and Mt I^esueur. Conservation status. Endangered, coded 2E (Leigh, Briggs & Hartley 1981). Etymology. The varietal epithet refers to the fine points on the column lobes. Acknowledgements I am pleased to acknowledge discussions with a number of people about these or- chids, in particular Andrew Brown, Laurie Byrne, Mark Clements, Ron Heberle, Noel Hoffman, Stephen Hopper and Warren Stoutamire. 1 am also very grateful to Annette Wilson for preparing most of the Figures. References Leigh. .1. H., Briggs, •]. D. & Hartley, W. (1981). “Rare or Threatened Australian Plants." (Austral. Natl. Parks & Wildl. Serv.. Special Publication 7: Canberra.) .St( utamire. W. P. (1981 ). Pollination Studies in Australian Terrestrial Orchids. Natl. Geogr. Soc. Res. Rep. 18 : .Sbl-.ogS. Nuytsia 5(1): 63-66 (1984) 63 A new species of Darwinia (Myrtaceae) from the Perth Region, Western Australia N. G. Marchant Western Australian Herbarium, George Street, South Perth, Western Australia 6151 Abstract Marchant, N. G. A new species of Darwinia (Myrtaceae) from the Perth Region, Western Australia, Nuytsia 5(1): 63-66 (1984). A new species, Darwinia apiculata, from near Kalamunda, suburban Perth, Western Australia, is described and illustrated. It belongs to sect, (ienotyllis (D('.) Benth. and is similar to D. helichrysoiiica (.Meisn.) Benth. and D. (lederaides tTurcz.) Benth.. differing in its hahit. bracts, bracteoles. calyx lobes and corolla lobes. Darwinia apiculata is known only from the type locality. The genus Darwinia Rudge (Myrtaceae) is currently being revised by the author. This new species is described in order to validate its inclusion in the projected hand- book on the “Flora of the Perth Region’’ the boundaries of which are defined by Marchant & Perry (1981). Darwinia apiculata N. G. Marchant, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Frutex rotundatus 40-50 cm altus. Rami juveniles folds manifeste decurrentibus. Folia dispersa; petiolus 0.2-0. 3 mm longus; lamina lineari-triquetra, apicem versus irregulariter ciliolata, apiculata. Involucri hracteae exteriores anguste ovatae, longe acuminalae, 8-10 mm longae, superficie abaxiali basi gibbosae. Involucri bracteae interiores anguste ovatae, longe acuminatae, triquetrae, 10-15 mm longae, superficie adaxiali profunde concava. Flores 4-8. Bracteolae 2, cymbiformes. Tabus floralis prominenter 5-costatus. Calycis lobi late ovati usque obovati. Corollae lobi trullato- ovati. Stamina 10. Staminodia 10, anguste triangulares. Ovula 2. Typus: Uncleared area west of Alpine Rd, west of Kalamunda, 31°58'S, 116°02'E, Western Australia, 17 Oct. 1982, N. G. Marchant 82/111 (holo: PERTH; iso: CANB, K). Densely branched, rounded shrubs 40-50 cm tall. Young branches slender, red, with prominent, decurrent leaf bases. Leaves scattered; petioles erect, 0.2-0. 3 mm long; laminae horizontally spreading, linear-triquetrous, adaxial surface convex with a raised keel, 3-5 mm long on young stems, 5-6.5 mm long on mature stems, irregularly ciliolate towards apices, acute, apiculate. Inflorescences fusiform in bud, becoming ovoid or broadly ovoid, cernuous. Floral leaves patent, pale green, petiole 0.5-1 mm long, lamina narrowly ovate, acuminate, 6.5-8 mm long, abaxial surface gib- bous at the base. Outer involucral bracts narrowly ovate, long acuminate, 8-10 mm long, abaxial surface gibbous at the base, adaxial surface with narrow, lateral wings near the base, upper part triquetrous and sparsely ciliolate. Inner involucral bracts narrowly ovate, long acuminate, triquetrous, 10-15 mm long, green, yellow-green or yellow and red, ciliolate, abaxial surface gibbous at the base, adaxial surface deeply 64 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 1. Darwinia apiculata. A — Habit. B — Portion of branch showing inflorescence. C Enlarged portion of branch showing decurrent leaf bases. D — Single leaf and transverse section. E — Inflorescence (viewed from below) showing floral leaves, involucral bracts and five flowers. F — Single flower and two br^teoles. G — Two stamens and two staminodes. H — Fruit in longitudinal section showing single seed. I Embryo showing turgid radicle and appressed plumule. All drawn from living material. N. G. Marchant, Darwinia 65 concave. Flowers 4-8. Bracteoles 2, cymbiform, ovate when opened out, 3-4 mm long, 1.5-2. 5 mm wide, acuminate. Floral tubes obconical, 2.5-3 mm long, with 5 prominent costae which continue into the calyx lobes; intercostal regions with 1 or more minute horizontal ridges and wrinkles; lower part brown; upper part yellow-green. Calyx lobes broadly ovate lo broadly obovate, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, entire, obtuse. Cor- olla lobes trullate-ovate, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2. 5 mm wide, acute, entire; margins slightly involute. Stamens 10; filaments slightly dilated at base, fused to staminodes in lower part, free part less than 1 mm long; anthers ovoid. Staminodes 10, alternat- ing with the stamens, narrowly triangular, as long as the staminal filaments. Style falcate, introrse, slightly dilated at the middle, 6-9 mm long, red. Style end tapering to a truncate apex which is subtended by a 1 mm wide band of diffuse hairs. Ovules 2. Fruits apparently rarely developed, indehiscent, with all dried floral parts at- tached; floral tube slightly enlarged, hardened, pale-coloured. Seeds 1, rarely 2, exalbuminous; testa thin. Embryo consisting almost entirely of the turgid radicle 0.6- 0.8 mm diameter; plumule sub-apical, appressed to radicle, consisting of a pair of minute, terminal cotyledons c. 0.1 mm long and a slightly flattened hypocotyl c. 0.3 mm long. Distribution. Known only from a single locality west of Kalamunda, suburban Perth, where it occurs sporadically over 5-6 ha. Habitat. Under dry sclerophyll woodland of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and thickets of Dryandra sessilis on a level, lateritic soil c. 250 m above sea level. Affinities. Darwinia apicuiata belongs to sect. Genetyliis which is characterised by short calyx lobes and flowers in simple, terminal heads. It superficially resembles D. helichrysoides (Meisn.) Benth. and D. oederoides (Turez.) Bentb. The three species are easily distinguished by the characters given in Table 1. Table 1. Distingui.shing features of D. apicuiata and two allied Soutn-western Australian species of Darwinia. D. apicuiata D. helichrysoides D. oederoides Habit densely branched, 40-50 cm tall sparsely branched, 20-45 cm tall sparsely branched, prostrate Inner involucral bracts length 10-15 mm 20-26 mm 13-16 mm apex acuminate acute acute Bracteoles 3-4 mm x t.5-2.5 mm 6-7 mm x 6-7 mm 12-15 mm x 2-2.5 mm Calyx lobes shape broadly ovate- broadly obovate ovate triangular length 1 mm 2. 5-3.5 mm 1 mm Corolla lobes shape trullate-ovate trullate-ovate triangular apex acute obtuse obtuse Conservation status. (Leigh, Briggs & Hartley 1981). Endangered. Darwinia apicuiata is known only from 5-6 ha. of uncleared, partly disturbed Crown Land with a total estimated population of 150-200 individual plants. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the distinctly apiculate leaves. 66 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Acknowledgements I am grateful to Mr & Mrs R. Hamilton, Kalamunda for drawing my attention to the new species. The illustration was kindly prepared hy Margaret A. Menadue, while Paul Wilson made valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. Pro- fessor K. H. Rechinger expertly provided the Latin diagnosis. References Leigh. J. H., Briggs, J. D. & Hartley, \V. (1981). “Rare or Threatened Australian Plants.” (Austral. Natl. Parks & Wildl. Serv., Special Publication 7; Canberra.) Merchant, N. G. & Perry, G. (1981). A checklist of the vascular plants of the Perth Region, Western Aus- tralia. W. Austral. Herb. Res. Notes No. 5:111-134. Nuytsia 5(1): 67-74 (1984) 67 Reinstatement of Spinifex sericeus R.Br. and hybrid status of S. alterni floras 'Nees (Poaceae) G. F. Craig Department of Agriculture, Jarrah Road, South Perth, Western Australia 6151 Abstract Craig, G. F. Reinstatement of Spinil'ex sericeus R.Br. and hybrid status of S, alterniflurus Nees (Poaceae). Nuytsia 5(1): 67-74 (1984). Spinifex sericeus R.Br., previously included under S. hirsutus LabilL, is reinstated. S. alterniflorus Nees, a hybrid of S. hirsutus Labill. and S. longifolius R.Br., is de- scribed. Distinguishing features and a key to the Australian species of the genus are presented; distribution maps are provided. Introduction There are four species of Spinifex growing in Australia, one of which is a naturally occurring hybrid between Spinifex hirsutus Labill. and S. longifolius R.Br., called S. alterniflorus Nees. A fifth species, S. littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr. is absent from Aus- tralia. Robert Brown (1810) recognised Spinifex sericeus, which he described from collections in the area of Port Jackson, New South Wales and on the coast of Queensland, as being distinct from S. hirsutus Labill. (1806-7), the lectotype of which was collected by Labillardiere from the south coast of Western Australia. S. sericeus R. Br. was later made a synonym of S. hirsutus Labill. by Bentham (1878). Recent studies (Craig 1982) suggest that S. sericeus R.Br. should be reinstated. Discussion Morphology. The major vegetative features which distinguish Spinifex hirsutus and S. sericeus are leaf blade width and internode diameter. The more robust Spinifex hirsutus has often very short stem internodes, 9 to 18 mm diameter, and broad leaf blades (9 to 17 mm width). This compares with S. sericeus which has relatively nar- row stem internodes, 4 to 8 mm diameter, and narrower leaves (5 to 10 mm leaf blade width). Spinifex alterniflorus is morphologically intermediate to S. hirsutus and S. longifolius. It can be distinguished from both species by having a narrow leaf blade (3 to 7 mm broad) which is sparsely pubescent below and glabrous above. Biochemistry. Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes show clear distinctions between the varieties. Variations in allellic patterns were observed for ADH, IDH, GOT, LAP and PGM enzymes (Craig 1982) which highlight the phenotypic variation between the Spinifex species. 28267—6 68 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 1. Type specimens of Spinifex hirsutus Labill. (1806). The bisexual inflorescence (L.H.S.) is typical of Western Australian populations, and the male inflorescence (R.H.S.) from eastern Australian populations. Figure 2. Lectotype sheet of Spinifex hirsutus Labill. (1807), probably collected from Esperance Bay in Western Australia. G. F. Craig, Spinifex 69 Pollen fertility. Estimates show 83 ‘o pollen viability for S. hirsutus, 93% viability for S. sericeus, and from 0 to lO^'r viability for S. alterniflorus (Craig 1982). Distribution. The two species are geographically distinct. Spinifex hirsutus is restric- ted to the south-west of Western Australia, and S. sericeus occurs in the eastern states of Australia, including Tasmania. It is also found in New Zealand. Spinifex alterniflorus occurs where the distributions of S. hirsutus and S. longifolius overlap, that is, in the south-west of Western Australia between Bun bury and Perth. Photographs of the type specimens of Spinifex hirsutus Labill. (1806-7) held at the Herbarium Universitatus Florentinae (FI) and S. sericeus R.Br. (1810) held at the British Museum (BM) were examined. The type material of S. hirsutus is likely to have come from Esperance Bay in Western Australia or “capita van-Dieman” (Tasmania) where Labillardiere visited during 1791-94 while on d’Entrecasteaux’s voyage. Both the broad-leaved and narrow-leaved variants are included as types (Figure 1). A specimen labelled “cotypus” (Figure 2) closely resembles the male inflorescence illustration published by Labillardiere (1807, tab. 231) and one labelled “isotypus” (Figure 1) resembles the bisexual inflorescence illustration (tab. 230) in the same publication. Stem width and leaf width measurements show that these specimens correspond to the broad-leaved Spinifex which grows in Western Australia. Thus the name S. hirsutus Labill. is restricted to the broad-leaved robust form, and the name S. sericeus R.Br. is reinstated for the narrow-leaved plant of eastern Australia. Taxonomy The following key distinguishes the three commonly occurring species of Spinifex in Australia, as well as a fourth, rarely mentioned species, S. alterniflorus Nees. This is a naturally occurring hybrid between S. hirsutus and S. longifolius which occurs between Bunbury and Perth in Western Australia (Craig 1982). A fifth species, S. littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr. grows on the sandy shores of India, Burma, Java and China (Trimen 1974); it is absent from Australia. la. Leaves glabrous on both lower and upper side, rigid, nar- row S. longifolius R.Br. b. Leaves silky-pubescent or villous on one or both sides, flexuose 2 2a. Leaf blades villous below and glabrous above, 3-7 mm broad, green 3.S. xalterniflorus Nees b. Leaf blades densely hairy on both sides, 5-17 mm broad, grey-green 3 3a. Stem internode diameter 9-18 mm; leaf blade 9-17 mm broad, densely silky pubescent; base of female or bisexual spikelet hairy; male spike- let 11.5 to 13.5 mm long 1. S. hirsutus Labill. b. Stem internode diameter 4-8 mm; leaf blade 5-10 mm broad; base of female or bisexual spikelet glabrous; male spikelet 9.5 to 10.5 mm long 2. S. sericeus R.Br. Spinifex longifolius has been taxonomically described by Gardner (1952). It is a native coastal species of Australia, extending from Geographe Bay in Western Aus- tralia northwards through Northern Territory, New Guinea and the lesser Sunda Islands to Java (Sauer 1965). There are a few scattered occurrences in northern Queensland (McDonald 1979). 70 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) In Western Australia north of Geraldton it is the principal binding agent of the seawardmost foredunes. In the South-West, Spinifex longifolius more commonly grows on foredunes in sheltered areas where there is little sand inundation, rather than sites where sand is rapidly accreting. Spinifex longifolius flowers between May and September in the north, and be- tween August and November in the south-west of Western Australia. I. Spinifex hirsutus LabilL, Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 81, tab. 230, 231 (1806-7). Lectotype (here selected); Esperance Bay, Labillardi^re (FI, photo seen, Figure 2) specimen labelled “Cotypus.” Culms creeping, stout, much branched, with usually very short terete internodes, 9 to 18 mm diameter, and imbricate leaf-sheaths which are persistent and mostly crowded on the older parts. Leaf-sheaths broad, open, scarcely keeled, truncate, striate, silky-pubescent on the outside and densely ciliate on the margins; ligule a densely ciliate rim. Leaf blades flat, linear, 9 to 17 mm broad and up to 35 cm long, densely silky-hairy on both sides. Male inflorescence pedunculate, consisting of clus- tered racemes, several together forming a terminal pseudo-head with usually a few fasciculate racemes some distance below, and subtended by lanceolate silky-villous spathioles. Racemes with sessile spikelets not distichously arranged. Spikelets on very short stout pedicels, solitary, silky-hairy, 11.5 to 13.5 mm long; glumes equal, 10.0 to 13.0 mm long and 5 to 9 veined; lemmas equal, 10.0 to 14.0 mm long, lower lemma 6 to 8 veined and upper lemma 5 veined. Female inflorescence a pseudo-head of racemes (each of which is reduced to one or rarely two spikelets), 1 to 3 on a single flowering stem, surrounded by bracts which vary from lanceolate to linear-subulate; rachis up to 15 cm long ending in a long subulate point or stout bristle. Spikelets sessile or subsessile, lanceolate in outline, 12.5 to 18.0 mm long, silky at base; glumes as long as the spikelet, lower glume 10 to 12 veined, upper glume 7 to 11 veined; lemmas sul)equal, 11.0 to 15.0 mm long, lower lemma 5 to 9 veined. Lower lemma without palea. Stamens rudimentary. Specimens examined (all PERTH). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Middle Is., Recherche Archipelago, A. S. Weston 10777; Emu Point, Albany, K. Newbey 3511; Albany, Oct. 1945, C. Gardner, Oldfield River, A. E. Orchard 1482; East Mt Barren, J. R. Cannon 361; Eyre, July 1901, Anketell; Israelite Bay, R. A. Saffrey 1332; Mullaloo Beach, T. E. H. Aplin 954; Middleton Beach, Albany, Dec. 1902, C. Andrews. Distribution. South-west coast of Western Australia, from near Jurien in the north to Eyre on the south coast (Figure 3). Habitat. Seawardmost foredunes where sand is actively accreting. Flowering period. November to January. 2. Spinifex sericeus R.Br., Prod. 198 (1810). Type: Broad Sound, 10 Sept. 1802, R. Brown (holo: BM, photo seen (PERTH)). [S. hirsutus LabilL, Nov. Holl. PI. 2;81, tab. 230, 231 (1806-7) pro parte, not as to lectotype. | G. F. Craig, Spinifex 71 Figure 3. Distribution of Spinifex hirsutus Labill. ( A ) and S. sericeus R.Br. ( ■ ) in Australia. Culms creeping, stem internode diameter 4 to 8 mm. Leaf blades flat, linear, 5 to 10 mm broad and up to 88 cm long, silky-hairy on both sides. Male inflorescence as in S. hirsutus. Male spikelets 9.5 to 10.5 mm long. Glumes slightly shorter than lemmas, lower glume 7.0 to 9.0 mm long and 7 to 9 veined, upper glume 8.0 to 10.0 mm long and 6 to 10 veined, lower lemma 9.0 to 10.0 mm long and 5 to 7 veined, upper lemma 9.5 to 10.5 mm long and 5 veined. Female inflorescence similar to S. hirsutus but with spikelets glabrous at base. Spikelet length 1.3 to 18 mm long; glumes same length as spikelet; lemmas unequal, lower lemma 9 to 15 mm long and 5 to 9 veined, upper lemma 7 to 13 mm long. Palea present in lower lemma, 1/3 to 1/2 as long as palea in upper lemma; upper palea subtending a female floret. Stamens rudimentary. Specimens examined (all PERTH). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Brighton, M. Koch 936. VICTORIA: Wilson’s Promontory Meehold 2327; Portland Bay, Nov. 1887, C. Walter ; Port Phillip, G. Luehmann. NEW SOUTH WALES: Byron Bay, J. L. Boorman 9826. Distribution. Spinifex sericeus extends southwards from north Queensland, through New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, to near Adelaide in South Australia. It is also found in New Zealand. The distribution map (Figure 3) is derived from Western 72 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Australian Herbarium specimens, McDonald (1979), Hesp (1982) and personal obser- vations. In Western Australia, S. sericeus is naturalized at City Beach, Perth, at Bunbury and at Peaceful Bay on the south coast. Habitat. Coastal foredunes where wind blown sand is being deposited. Flowering period. November to January in south-east Australia, and June to August in Queensland. As discussed above, type material of Spinifex hirsutus Labill. (1806-7) included the broad-leaved variant of Spinifex collected from Esperance Bay, Western Australia, and a narrow-leaved variant presumably collected from Tasmania (Figure 1). The lectotype of S. hirsutus Labill. was chosen to be the broad-leaved variant and the narrow-leaved type was later described by Brown (1810) from material collected at Broad Sound, near Mackay in Queensland. 3. Spinifex xalterniflorus Nees in Lehm., PI. Preiss. 2: 96 (1846) (pro sp.). Type: Swan River, Preiss, n. 1883 (iso: MEL, n.v. (see below)). Tussock forming perennial with creeping stems, dioecious. Stems stout, internode diameter 6 to 9 mm. Leaf blade with a thick, rigid midrib, margins flattened, narrow (3 to 7 mm broad), villous below and glabrous above. Male inflorescence with charac- ters intermediate to S. hirsutus and S. longifolius. Female inflorescence with up to six pseudo-heads of clustered racemes on a flowering stem, each raceme reduced to one or two spikelets; rachis up to 17 cm long ending in a subulate point. Spikelets sessile or subsessile, lanceolate in outline, 14.5 to 23.5 mm long, silky at base. Seeds very rarely reach maturity. Specimens examined (all PERTH). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: City Beach, Perth, Craig 430 and 440; Floreat Beach, Perth, Craig 441; South Cottesloe, Perth, Craig 442 and 443. This taxon is a naturally occurring hybrid between S. hirsutus and S. longifolius with morphological characters intermediate to both species. It has the appearance of S. longifolius but can be recognised by being sparsely pubescent below and glabrous above on the leaf blade. Distribution. Populations of this hybrid occur in Western Australia at City Beach and Floreat Beach, near Perth; Kwinana, Woodman Point, Warnbro, Preston Beach and Leschenault Peninsula, Figure 4. Habitat. Coastal foredunes in areas where there is light sand deposition. Flowering period. August to January. The type held in Melbourne was examined by N. G. Marchant, of the Western Australian Herbarium, and compared with a specimen and table of characters sup- plied by me. The type bears a note by S. T. Blake saying it is “perhaps a hybrid”. G. F. Craig, Spinifex 73 Figure 4. Distribution of S. xalterniflorus Nees in the south-west of Western Australia. Acknowledgements I am grateful to Mr P. G. Wilson for commenting on the manuscript. Dr J. W. Green kindly made available facilities at the Western Australian Herbarium. Thanks are also due to Miss B. Wilson who took measurements and photographs of type material held in Florence. 74 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) References Bentham, G. (1878). "Flora Australiensis" vol. 7. (L. Reeve &; Co., London.) Brown, H. (1810). “Prodomus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae van Dieman.” (Taylor: London.) Craig, G. F. (1982). "Hybridity in Spinifex L.” (M. Sc. Prelim. Thesis, Botany Dept,, University of Western Australia.) Gardner, C. A. (1952). "Flora of Western Australia.” Vol. 1 Part 1, Gramineae. (Govt. Printer: W.A.) Hesp, P. A. (1982). “Dynamics and morphology of foredunes in south-east Australia.” (Ph.D. Thesis, Sydney University.) Labillardifere, J. J. (1804-1807). “Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen.” (J. Cramer: Weinheim; reprint 1966.) McDonald. T. .1. (1979). “Studies in Spinifex hirsutus with special reference to its use in the rehabilitation of coastal sand dunes.” (M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Qld.) Nees, C. G. D. (1846). In C. Lehmann, “Plantae Preissianae Vol. 2” (Meissner: Hamburg.) Sauer, J. (1965). Geographic reconnaissance of Western Australian seashore vegetation. Aust. J. Bot. 13: 39-69. Trimen, 1. (1974). “A Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon” Part V. (M/S Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.) Nuytsia 5(1): 75-122 (1984) 75 Rumex (Polygonaceae) in Australia: a reconsideration^ K. H. Rechinger Beckgaase 22, A-1130 Vienna, Auatria Abstract Rechinger, K. H. Rumex (Polygonaceae) in Australia: a reconsideration. Nuytsia 5(1): 75-122 (1984). Descriptions and a key are provided for the 8 indigenous and 9 alien species of Rumex within Australia. Of the indigenous taxa R. alcockii, R. stenoglottis, R. x comaumensis (R. bidens x R. brownii) and R. x johannis- moorei (R. brownii x R. crispus) are described as new. Rumex dumosiformis is reduced to a variety of R. dumosus and R. flexuosiformis is relegated to synonymy under R. drummondii. Notes on 4 hybrids be- tween alien species are included. A classification for subgen. Rumex is proposed in which three new subsec- tions within section Simplices are described; subsect. Amphibii, subsect. Australieases and subsect. Acrancistron. The following taxa are included in this account. Indigenous species: Rumex alcockii Rech. f., R. bidens R. Br., R. brownii Campdera, R. crystallinus Lange, R. drummondii Meisn., R. dumosus A. Cunn. ex Meisn., R. stenoglottis Rech. f, and R. tenax Rech. f. Alien species: Rumex acetosella L., R. bucephalophorus L., R. conglomeratus Murr., R. crispus L., R. frutescens Thouars, R. obtusifolius L., R. puJcher L., R. sagittalus Thunb. and R. vesicarius L. Hybrids: R. xcomaumensis Rech. f. (R. bidens R.Br. x R. brownii Campder&), R. xjohannis-moorei Rech.f. (R. brownii Campdera x R. crispus L.), R. xschuhei Hausskn. (R. conglomeratus Murr. x R. crispus L.), R. xmuretii Hausskn. (R. conglomeratus Murr. x R. pulcher L.), R.x pratensis Mertens & Koch (R. crispus L. x R. obtusifolius L.) and R. xpseudopulcher Hausskn. (R. crispus L. x R. pulcher L.). Introduction Rumex is a world-wide genus of about 160 species, a considerable number of which comprise geographical races which could be interpreted as subspecies. The genus as a whole has been monographed twice, once by Campdera (1819) and once by Meisner (1856). Both these treatments are now outdated. In a series of contributions towards a new generic monograph I have either revised the genus on a regional basis (South America 1933b, Australia and New Zealand 1935a, North America 1937, Asia 1949, Africa 1954) or have dealt with individual species-complexes (1932, 1933a and 1939). These papers, together with my treatments of Rumex for Flora Europaea (1964) and for the second edition of Hegi’s Flora von Mitteleuropa (1958) include all known species except for a small endemic Hawaiian group which is still in need of revision. My account of the Australian (and New Zealand) species (1935a) was based on the limited herbarium material available at the time. It was felt that the Australian species should be reappraised before summarizing the results of my studies in this genus. The current study was conducted during a visit to Western Australia from October to December 1982. In this account the eight indigenous and nine alien species of Rumex currently known from Australia are described. These are the same species as in my 1935a re- vision except for the following: two new indigenous species, R. alcockii and R. stenoglottis, are described; two new hybrids, R. xcomaumensis (R. bidens x R. The present paper is to be regarded as “Vorabeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Rumex IX”. See references for previous publications. 76 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) brownii) and R. xjohannis-moorei (R. brownii x R. crispus) are described; R. dumosiformis has been reduced to a variety of R. dumosus; three alien species, R. frutescens, R. sagittatus and R. vesicarius, not previously recorded are included; notes on four hybrids between alien species are included viz. R. xschulzei (R. conglomeratus x R. crispus), R. xmuretii (R. conglomeratus x R. pulcher), R. xpratensis (R. crispus x R. obtusifolius) and R. xpseudopulcher (R. crispus x R. pulcher). Species are arranged within the text according to the infrageneric classification which is outlined below. In most cases only a selection of specimens seen has been listed. Those herbaria from which material was examined are given in the Acknowl- edgements. The study was conducted at herb. PERTH and it is believed that the specimens examined there included the majority of those currently housed in Aus- tralia. I here take the opportunity of correcting some misprints in my 1937 publication. p. 7, description of subsect. Densiflori, first line: read valvae ecallosae instead of callosae. p. 8, description of subsect. Hydrolapatha, second line: read latitudine instead of longitudine. p. 8, description of subsect. Obtusifolii, first line: read latitudine instead of longitudine. p. 8, description of subsect. Dentati, second line: read latitudine instead of longitudine. p. 8, description of subsect. Maritimi, second line: read latitudine instead of longitudine. p. 18 line nine (key): pedicels short, thick, about as long as the fruit instead of: long, slender, nearly twice as long as the fruit. Geographical distribution and ecology of indigenous species For the first time the distributions of indigenous Australian Rumex species have been mapped. I am of the impression that except for some areas of south eastern Australia, these distributions are incomplete. This may reflect a certain lack of interest in the genus by collectors within certain areas. I hasten to add, however, that following three months in Western Australia where field work was conducted be- tween Kalbarri and Albany, I was successful in locating only two indigenous species of Rumex (R. brownii and R. dumosus). Indigenous species are evidently either rare or geographically very restricted, at least in this part of Australia. This experience raises the question as to whether or not R. drummondii has become extinct. Most of the indigenous Australian species are centred in the south-east of the con- tinent. One of the most geographically restricted species is R. bidens, a semi-aquatic plant which is found in freshwater swamps (Figure llA). Its thick, hollow, creeping rhizome is at least temporarily submerged and from this arise short, usually unbranched inflorescences. It is known from New South Wales near the Murray River, Victoria, Tasmania and parts of South Australia. Rumex brownii is wide- spread in both coastal and inland areas of south eastern Australia but there are scat- tered, disjunct occurrences in Queensland, Central Australia and south-west Western Australia (Figure 13A). This species is also recorded for New Zealand, New Guinea, Timor and Java and it is not known what comprised its original area of occurrence. K. H. Rechinger, Rumex in Australia ' Rumex alcockii, here segregated from R. brownii, is mainly confined to the Eyre and Yorke Peninsulas and the Flinders and Gawler Ranges in South Australia. This species occurs near the western limit of distribution of R. brownii in S.A. (compare Figures 13A and B). Rumex tenax has a fairly wide south-east Australian distri- bution but in contrast to (the unrelated) R. brownii it is evidently confined to the interior parts of the country west of the Great Dividing Range (Figure IIB). Rumex crystallinus, the only annual among the indigenous Australian species, inhabits the borders of temporarily submerged depressions and watercourses in arid/semi-arid in- land areas. It is certainly not a weedy species and its few scattered records in the central and more northern parts of the continent and the one single very disjunct lo- cality in Western Australia may well reflect undercollecting in the intervening areas (Figure 14). Rumex dumosus and R. stenoglottis are also south-east Australian species. As I am unable to distinguish these two species when in flower, many herbarium specimens could not he named. Therefore the distributions shown in Figures 12A and 12B are rather incomplete. From available information R. dumosus (including var. dumosiformis) predominates in the south-east of Australia; the more northerly Queensland localities shown on Figure 1 2B look to represent a true disjunction. In contrast to R. dumosus, R. stenoglottis, with few exceptions, has a more north- erly, inland distribution occurring from 27° to 37°S and diagonally from 146° to 151°E (Figure 12A). Rumex drummondii, the third representative of the dumosus- group, is a little-known south-west Western Australian endemic. Aliens The European and Mediterranean species R. acetosella s.l., R. crispus, R. pulcher, R. conglomeratus and R. obtusifolius seem to have accompanied the early settlers in the first half of the last century. These species occasionally grow together and except for R. acetosella, hybrids occur between them (see below). Rumex vesicarius (subgen. Acetosa), a saharo-sindian species which is widespread throughout desert and semidesert areas of North-Africa and Southwest Asia, seems to be the most recent immigrant to Australia. In 1921 Domin described this as a new species, R. clementii; later it was partly misnamed as R. roseus L., a closely allied but clearly distinct species. Today R. vesicarius is spread over vast areas of Australia and it attracts public attention by its large, often purplish tinged valves and its pale green, somewhat succulent leaves. One may speculate that this species was introduced to Australia by Afghan camel drivers during the latter half of last century. The South American R. f'rutescens is reported here as new to Australia. It was first recorded from Goode Island, Melbourne, a locality no longer existing owing to harbour works at the mouth of the Yarra River. It was rediscovered in 1981 at William Bay, 70 km west of Albany, W.A., by John Moore. Its main distributional area is South America but it is also known from two small islands in the South Atlantic: Gough Island and Tristan da Cunha. Rumex sagittatus (subgen. Acetosa) is a climber with tuberous roots and sagittate leaves. This South African species rep- resents a garden escape within Australia. Rumex bucephalophorus, an extremely polymorphic, predominantly annual Mediterranean species, is a rare and evidently casual alien in Australia. The most frequent alien of the genus is definitely R. acetosella (subgen. Acetosella). Its frequency can be judged from its representation in the major Aus- tralian herbaria as well as from my own field observations. When making excursions 78 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) in various directions from Perth, I have seen it practically everywhere along road- sides and on other disturbed sites. It covers huge areas of neglected fields south-west of Capel. The most frequent species of the subgenus Rumex is beyond doubt R. crispus. Its strict habit is very characteristic and is unlike all other Rumex species occurring within Australia. Rumex crispus fruits somewhat earlier than the other species of subgen. Rumex but there is sufficient overlap of flowering times to permit hy- bridization to occur. Probably R. pulcher with its two subspecies is the third most common alien species of Rumex in Australia where its spread seems to have been favourably influenced by its high drought-tolerance. In the past this alien species was confused with the indigenous R. dumosus and R. drummondii, an error dating back to Bentham’s (1870) treatment of R. pulcher (see sp. no. 9 below for further de- tails). Rumex conglomeratus and R. obtusifolius are of only minor importance as aliens within Australia. Rumex hymenosepalus Torrey, Botany Mexican Boundary 177 (1858), from the Southwestern United States and Mexico, is recorded in the NSW census (Jacobs and Pickard 1981) as naturalized (sporadically) in N.S.W. and Victoria. It is charac- terized by tuberous roots, somewhat succulent stems without axillary branches, fleshy, lanceolate, acuminate leaves with cuneate base and large, delicate, entire valves lacking callosities. Its taxonomic position within subgen. Rumex is isolated. The large valves lacking callosities are somewhat similar to those of R. vesicarius, but the latter species is an annual and belongs to subgen. Acetosa. Rumex hy- menosepalus inhabits the most arid parts of SW North America and is there locally frequent on sandy and sometimes saline soil. For details see Rechinger (1937; 89-92). Hybridization Hybridization occurs frequently between most of the species of subgen. Rumex. These hybrids are usually highly sterile therefore back-crossing seems rare and hy- brid introgression is absent. Pollen sterility is easily recognized by the grains either being of more or less unequal size or sometimes clumped together and forming an amorphous mass which is not released from the anthers. In nature, hybrids of Rumex may he recognized by their appearance. The primary panicle sheds most of the sterile flowers but the plants continue to grow and tend to form secondary flowering panicles. Thus the hybrids are often taller than the parents and assume an untidy habit. Additionally most hybrids fail to set fruit because the flowers dry and fall off before full development of the valves (i.e. the three inner perianth segments) occurs. The few fruits which do reach full size combine the characters of the parents in various ways. Often these hybrid nuts, even if reaching full size, are not viable and can be compressed between the fingers. From the large amount of Australian herbarium material examined, all the hybrids detected, with two exceptions, had European species as both parents. The most fre- quent hybrid is R. crispus x R. obtusifolius and this has been recognized by collectors in several cases. In Europe it is found wherever the parents grow together and it is evidently the most frequent hybrid in the genus and perhaps the most frequent of any genus within Europe. Rumex crispus x R. pulcher has only recently been found in south-west Western Australia by John Moore and by myself. Occurring also at the same locality were R. conglomeratus x R. crispus and R. conglomeratus x R. pulcher. K. H. Rechinger, Rumex in Australia 79 Rumex bidens x R. brownii is described below as the first recorded hybrid between indigenous Australian species. Also for the first time, a hybrid between an indigen- ous Australian species (R. brownii) and an alien (R. crispus) is here described viz. R. xjohannis-moorei. Two hybrids in which R. dumosus or one of its relatives is one of the parents orig- inated among plants cultivated by Danser in the 1920’s, viz. R. xascendens Danser {R. dumosus x R. salicifoJius) and R. xupsaliensis Danser (R. dumosus x R. sp.). These hybrids were included in my 1935a treatment of Australian Rumex but are not dealt with in the present paper. The taxonomy of subgenus Rumex As all the indigenous Australian species of Rumex occur in subgen. Rumex it is ap- propriate here to fit these into the classification which I first proposed in 1937 (for North American species) and extended in 1949 (to include Asiatic species) and 1953 (to include African species). The framework of this classification is presented below where it will be seen that three new subsections (Acrancistron, Amphibii and Aus- tralienses) within sect. Simplices have been described in order to accommodate the Australian taxa. The basis of this classification is the combination of fruiting and growth characteristics, hopefully resulting in a more natural arrangement of species than has hitherto been proposed for this subgenus. Meisner (1857) divided subgen. Rumex (his section Lapathum) into two groups, one containing species with entire fruiting valves and the other containing species with dentate valves. This arrangement is considered to be highly artificial. In an earlier paper (Rechinger 1949b) I outlined certain evolutionary trends within subgen. Rumex (syn. subgen. Lapathum). Tbe taxonomy of this subgenus is based on the transformation characteristics of the three inner perianth segments (valves) dur- ing the ripening process. The three main types of valve modification are: 1. The valves become more or less membranous and a network of nerves develop. 2. The midrib of one or all three valves more or less thickens and is transformed into a basal callosity. 3. The margins of the valves develop teeth of various number, shape, direction and length. These modifications may occur separately or combined in various ways. They may be limited to a single species or to a group of species. In some cases all possible combinations occur within a single very polymorphic species, re- sulting in parallelism and convergence. These facts, together with the ability of many species to hybridize, cause some of the main problems for the taxonomist within this subgenus. Growth characters are of primary importance in dividing subgen. Rumex into its component sections: 1. Section Axillares. Plants not developing basal leaves; producing regular, leafy, axillary shoots that tend to develop secondary inflorescences which often overtop the primary ones; the flowering and fruiting process is practically inde- terminate. 2. Section Simplices. Plants developing basal leaves; stem solitary, unbranched and producing a terminal panicle with a limited flowering and fruiting period. Figure 1. Fruits of Ruinex species. A — R. conglomeratus. B — R. frutescens. C — R. crispus. D — R. y,agittatus. Fj — R. vesicarius. F — R. acetosella. Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) K. H. Rechinger, Rumex in Australia 81 Figure 2. Fruits of Rumex species. A — R. ohtusit'olius. B — R. pulcher suhsp, pulcher. C — R. pulcher subsp. divaricatus. D — R. drummondii. E — R. dumosus. F — R. stenoglottis. 82 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 3. Fruits of Rumex species. A — R. brownii. B — R. crystallinus. C — R. alcockii. D — R. hucephalophorus. E — R. tenax. F — R. bidens. K. H. Rechinger, Rumex in Australia 83 Hybrids between species from these two sections are extremely rare. Section Axillares has its centre of diversity in North America but there are several species in South America, four in Africa and two in East Asia. The section is rep- resented in Australia by only the rare alien, R. frutescens (syn. R. cuneifolius) . Hybrids between species of this section are known to occur. Section Simplices has its centre of diversity in Europe and Asia and all the en- demic and alien Australian species of subgen Rumex, except R. frutescens, belong to it. Hybrids are common between species of this section. Despite a tendency for R. alcockii and R. brownii to occasionally develop axillary shoots these species have been included in sect. Simplices. These two species regu- larly develop basal leaves, which is a characteristic of this section. Taxonomic arrangment of the Australian species of Rumex (Numerals refer to species numbers in the text, asterisks indicate alien species.) Subgen. Acetosella *R. acetosella L. Subgen. Acetosa Sect. Sagittati 2. *R. sagittatus Thunb. Sect. Vesicarii 3. *R. vesicarius L. Subgen. Rumex Sect. Axillares 4. *R. frutescens Thouars Sect. Simplices Subsect. Crispi 5. *R. crisp us L. Subsect. Congiomerati 6. *R. conglomeratus Murr. Subsect. Amphibii 7. R. bidens R.Br. Subsect. Obtusifolii 8. *R. obtusifolius L. 9. *R. pulcher L. Subsect. Australienses 10. R. dumosus A. Cunn. ex Meisn. 11. R. drummondii Meisn. 12. R. stenoglottis Rech.f. 13. R. tenax Rech.f. Subsect. Acrancistron 14. R. brownii Campdera 15. R. alcockii Rech.f. Subsect. Maritimi 16. R. crystallinus Lange Subgen. Platypodium 17. *R. bucephalophorus L. 28267—7 84 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Hybrids 18. R. xcomaumensis Rech.f. (R. hidens R.Br. x R. brownii Campdera) 19. R. xjohannis-moorei Rech.f. (R. brownii Campdera X R. crispus L.) 20. R. xschulzei Hausskn. {R. conglomeiatus Murr. x R. crispus L.) 21. R. xmuretii Hausskn. (R. conglomeratus Murr. x R. pulcher L.) 22. R. xpratensis Mertens & Koch {R. crispus L. x R. obtusifolius L.) 23. R. xpseudopulcher Hausskn. (R. crispus L. x R. pulcher L.) Key to Rumex species in Australia (Including indigenous and alien species; excluding hybrids — see spp. nos. 18-23.) la. Leaves usually hastate or sagittate with acute lobes. Flowers dioecious, polygamous or hermaphrodite 2 b. Leaves never hastate with acute lobes. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous 4 2a. Valves very small, not longer than the nut, without a callosity, often adnate to the nut — subgen. Acetosella 1. R. acetosella L. b. Valves distinctly overtopping the nut — subgen. Acetosa 3 3a. Vigorous erect annual. Valves 12-18(23) mm, often tinged purplish or pinkish 3. R. vesicarius L. b. Perennial climber with thick tuberous roots. Valves much smaller 2. R. sagittatus Thunb. 4a. Valves entire 5 b. Valves toothed 7 5a. Panicle open with divaricate branches, flower whorls distant and nearly all subtended by a leaf. Valves small and with a thick callosity covering most of their surface 6. R. conglomeratus Murr. b. Panicle condensed, closed, whorls condensed, only the lowermost whorls or none subtended by a leaf. Callosity not covering most of valve surface 6 6a. Stem procumbent, rhizome long and indurate and bearing a few short, erect or ascendent inflorescences. Leaves thick, leathery when dry, obovate, obtuse, flat 4. R. frutescens Thouars b. Stem strictly erect with appressed or rarely slightly patent inflorescence branches. Leaves lanceolate, tapering at both ends, acute, crispate (curled) 5. R. crispus L. 7a. Annuals. Fruiting perigone very small, up to 2 mm long 8 b. Perennials. Fruiting perigone above 2 mm long 9 8a. Whorls few-flowered (normally 2-3 flowered). Basal leaves minute, 1-2 cm long, spathulate or ovate-lanceolate, flat. Fruiting pedicels often thickened and flattened. Outer perigone segments reflexed 17. R. bucephalophorus L. b. Whorls many-flowered. Leaves to 6 cm long, linear with obtuse lobate cordate base and strongly crispate margin. Fruiting pedicels filiform. Outer perigone segments appressed to the base of the inner ones 16. R. crystallinus Lange 9a. Amphibious plant with long, creeping, often inflated rhizomes and relatively short, simple or little-branched inflorescences 7. R. bidens R.Br. b. Terrestrial, more or less erect plants, often with repeatedly- branched panicles 10 K. H. Rechinger, Rumex in Australia 85 10a. Valves with several hooked teeth on each side and with a hooked tip 11 b. Valves with one or several straight or slightly arcuate teeth on each side 12 11a. Basal and lower stem leaves oblong or lanceolate about 4-5 times longer than broad, thin. Pedicels, thin whorls with (5)6(8) flowers. Valves about (2. 5)3(4) mm long 14. R. brownii Campd. b. Basal and lower stem leaves ovate or ovate oblong up to ± 3 times longer than broad, thick. Pedicels thicker, whorls with 8-15 flowers. Valves about 4.5-5 mm long 15. R. alcockii Rech.f. 12a. Basal leaves oblong-ovate or elliptic and about twice as long as broad, with a distinctly cordate base 13 b. Basal leaves lanceolate to linear or almost so, many times longer than broad, with variable base 14 13a. Pedicels slender, at least twice as long as the fruiting perigone, ar- ticulate far below the middle 8. R. obtusifolius L. b. Pedicels rather thick, about as long as the fruiting perigone, articu- late at the middle or slightly below 9. R- pulcher L. 14a. Leaves very narrow, c. 5 mm broad, up to 20 times longer than broad, nearly grass-like, flat. Valves 2.5-3 mm long 13. R. tenax Rech.t. b. Leaves broader, usually ± crispate. Valves (usually) longer 15 15a. Valves triangular 10. R. dumosus A. Cunn. ex Meisn. b. Valves oblong, tongue-shaped with a prolonged apex 16 16a. Valves very narrow (hardly 1.5 mm broad) with a single patent, marginal tooth near the base 12. R. stenoglottis Rech.f. b. Valves broader (1.5-2 mm) with 2(3) teeth on each side, the upper one pointing forward 11- R- drummondii Meisn. Subgen. Acetosella 1. *Rumex acetosella L., Spec. Plant. 338 (1753). Typus: Herh. LINN sheet 464.38 (locality unknown). Perennial, dioecious, extremely polymorphic. Stews 10-50 cm high, erect or as- cendent, flowering on upper half. Leaves very variable; basal leaves long-petiolate, laminae usually hastate with acute, simple or rarely dissected basal lobes, the upper leaf segment broadly or narrowly lanceolate, rarely linear; stem leaves similar but smaller and short-petlolate. Inflorescences repeatedly branched, leafless. Flower whorls usually 5-8-flowered. Pedicels about equalling the flowers. Valves neither broader nor longer than the nut, either free or more frequently adnate to the nut. Nuts 1-1.5 mm long. (Figure IF). Distribution. Probably originating from Europe and southwestern Asia; well estab- lished in North and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The species comprises several subspecies, these being indistinguishable when no fruiting material is available. Most of the fruiting specimens from Australia belong to the supsp. angiocarpus (Murbeck) Murbeck, a southwest Europe taxon in which the valves are adnate to the nut. Until recently it was assumed that chromosome numbers were correlated with morphological characters (Love ’941). Flowever, ac- cording to more recent studies by Den Nijs (1974, 1976) and Johnson and Brigp (1962) this is not true, the situation being much more complicated. As the taxonomic studies of Den Nijs have not yet been published, I must refrain from going into more detail and no material is cited here. 86 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Subgen. Acetosa sect. Sagittati 2. *Rumex sagittatus Thunb., Prodr. FI. Capens. 67 (1794). Typus not indicated. Acetosa sagittata (Thunb.) L. Johnson & B. Briggs, Contrib. New South Wales Nat. Herb. 3: 166 (1962). R. luxurians L.f., Suppl. 212 (1781) non L., Mantissa 64 (1767). R. burchellii Campdera, Monugr. Rumex 135 (1819). Perennial. Roots developing thick tubers. Stems usually very long, exceeding 1 m, climbing, flexuose. All leaves bright green, long-petiolate; laminae (4)8-10 x 3-5 cm, hastate, with very acute divergent basal lobes up to 2.5 cm long, apices acute. Inflor- escences wide, open, primary branches at right angles to the axis, repeatedly branched. Flower whorls few-flowered. Flowers dioecious. Fruiting pedicels thin, fili- form, articulate at about the lower third. Outer perianth segments reflexed. Valves in fruiting stage orbicular, 4-7 x 6-9 mm, with narrowly cordate bases, thin, mem- branous, finely reticulate, pale coloured and sometimes tinged purple. Nuts 3 x 1.3 mm, pale brown. 2n = 18 (Johnson & Briggs, loc. cit.). (Figure ID). Distribution. South Africa. Cultivated in places in tropical and subtropical regions. Established (?) in Australia. Selected specimens examined. QUEENSLAND; Maleny, 18 January 1951, R. Cole s.n. (BRI). NEW SOUTH WALES: La Perouse 33°59'S, 151°14'E, R. Coveny 6429 and J. Powell (NSW); 1 mile [1.6 km] S of Eurobodalla, NW of Narooma, H. Salasoo 5163 (NSW); North Sydney, C. T. White 10333 (BRI); c. 2 km S of Williamtown on Newcastle road, K. L. Wilson 2414 (NSW). VICTORIA; Port Phillip Bay, Ricketts Point between Black Rock and Beaumaris, Helen I. Aston 932 (MEL). TASMANIA: Sandy Bay, Long Beach 42°54'S, 147°18'E, 1 October 1968, D. I. Morris s.n. (HO); “Boobyalla” near Currie, King Island, Bass Strait, July 1972, B. D. Smith s.n. (MEL). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: South Perth, R. D. Royce 6801 (PERTH); Claremont, February 1962, J. Williams s.n. (PERTH). Rumex sagittatus is quite unlike any other Australian species in its tuberous roots — which are however, rarely collected or even observed — and its climbing habit. The valves are second in size only to R. vesicarius. Subgen. Acetosa sect. Vesicarii 3. *Rumex vesicarius L., Spec. Plant, ed 1: 336 (1753). Type citation: “Hab. in Africa.” Acetosa vesicaria (L.) A. Love, Rit. Landbun. Atvinn. Hask. Reykyavik Ser. B, No. 3; 108 (1948). Rumex ciementii Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89: 614 (1921). Rumex roseus auct. austral, nec aliorum. K. H. Rechinger, Rumex in Australia 87 Stout, succulent, pale green annuals. Basal and lower stern leaves with petioles longer than the laminae; laminae 5-10 x 4-8 cm, triangular with cordate or subtruncate bases (basal lobes ± acute, acuminate or rarely ± obtuse), flat, apices ± broadly acuminate to ± acute; upper stem leaves similar but smaller. Pedicels single per ocrea. Flowers at the apex of pedicels twin or triplet. Valves 12-18(23) x 15 mm, thin, finely reticulate, often tinged purplish or pinkish, inflated, those of the 2-3 flowers folded together, suborbicular or broadly elliptic, profoundly emarginate on both ends. Nuts 3. 5-4. 5 mm long, greyish brown. 2n = 18 (A. Love loc. cit.). (Figure IE). Selected specimens examined. QUEENSLAND: 66 km from Bedourie on road to Boulia, R. W. Purdie 1402 (BRI). NEW SOUTH WALES: Fowlers Gap, N of Broken Hill, S. Jacobs 1940 (NSW); 11 km E of Warratta Bore, 32 km E of Milparinka, K. L. Wilson 1642 and J. Pickard (NSW). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: c. 3 km from Wirrealpa on road to Blinman, W. R. Barker 293 (MEL, dupl. ex AD); Aroona Valley, c. 25 km NW of Oraparinna Hst., E. N. S. Jackson 1733 (CANB, dupl. ex AD); Ediacara, c. 50 km W of Leigh Creek, T. R. N. Lothian 2400 (AD); Sacred Canyon, c. 19 km SE of Wilpena, 27 September 1981, Naomi Norris s.n. (MEL); Gawler Cemetery, D. E. Symon 12901 (ADW); Musgrave Park 26°09'S, 131°12'E, S. H. Yengoyan, V. G. Harper and A. A. Yengoyan 150 (NT). NORTHERN TERRITORY: Mulga Park 25°51'S, 131°39'E, S. H. Yengoyan, V. G. Harper and A. A. Yengoyan 31 (NT); Billygoat Hill, Alice Springs, G. Chippendale 90 (NT). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 mile [1.6 km] W of Mileura Hst., NW of Meekatharra, R. A. Saft'rey 1113 (PERTH); 3 miles [4.8 km] from Menzies towards Kalgoorlie, 7 September 1968, M. E. Phillips s.n. (MEL, dupl. ex CBG); 2.5 km SE of Yalgoo 28°22'S, 115M3'E, K. Paijmans 3903 (CANB). Distribution. North Africa to Pakistan; north Arabia, southern Persia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, one locality in central Greece. This desert/semidesert species was introduced into Australia during the past 50-60 years and is now widespread and well established. In Western Australia I have observed the species to be well established at both Kalgoorlie (around the goldmines) and Kalbarri. Rumex vesicarius cannot be mistaken for any other species on account of its annual growth, its juicy stem and leaves and the size of its valves. The fact that one pedicel usually hears two to three flowers, the valves of which are folded together, can easily escape observation. 4. * Rumex frutescens Thouars, Esquisse FI. Tristan d’Acougne in Mfel. Bot. et Voy. 4: 38 (1811). Tvpus: Tristan da Cunha, Moseley, Challenger Exped. s.n. (E, BM). R. cuneifolius Campdera, Monogr. Rumex 95 (1819). Icon.: Rechinger f., Ark. Bot. 26A (3): 20, fig. 8, tab. 5 (1933). Perennial by a long, indurate, creeping rhizome with thick nodes; flowering stems solitary or few, short, rarely elongating. Basal leaves not developed; stem leaves thick, fleshy when alive but leathery when dry; lower leaves of flowering stems with thick petioles less than half as long as the laminae, laminae up to 12 x 5 cm, obovate 88 Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) Figure 4. Rumex frutescens. John Moore, 10 Dec. 1981 (PERTH). K. H. Rechinger, Rumex in Australia 89 with cuneate bases, flat but with finely crispate margin, apices obtuse; upper stem leaves few, shorter petiolate, ± acute. Inflorescences nearly leafless or with very few small leaves in the lower part, compact in the fruiting stage. Whorls many-flowered. Fruiting pedicels usually shorter than or as long as the perigone, stout, articulate about the middle. Fruiting valves 4-5 (6) x 3 mm, leathery, entire, ovate-triangular in outline, all bearing a strong thick fusiform callosity. Nuts about 2.5 x 2 mm. (Figures IB and 4). Distribution. South America, Argentine, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, Tristan da Cunha, Gough Island. Rarely as an alien in Europe (well established on dunes in southern England) and in North America. Known from two localities in Australia. Specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: William Bay, 70 km West of Albany, growing in summer moist winter waterlogged swamps with Juncus sp. in sand over gravel, 12 Dec. 1981 John Moore s.n. (PERTH). (On a visit by John Moore and myself to this locality in December 1982, R. frutescens could not be found.) VICTORIA: Coode Island, Oct. 1908, Dec. 1908 and 28 Mar. 1912, J. A. Tovey and C. French jnr. (all MEL). This locality is no longer in existence, it having been destroyed by harbour works at the mouth of the Yarra River, Melbourne; there is, however, still a Coode Road (N. G. Marchant pers. comm.). The discovery of this species at two localities on the south coast of Australia is of major phytogeographic interest. Its main area is South America. It was described from Tristan da Cunha as R. frutescens Thouars (1811). In my monograph of Rumex in Africa (1954: 62) I erroneously stated that R. frutescens is a synonym of R. cuneifolius (1819). The area of this species seems to be a truly south Atlantic one: Tristan da Cunha, 37°06'S, 12°20'W; Gough Island 40°12'S, 4°45'W. The question is still open whether it has been spread with or without human intervention. On its oc- currence in Britain see Lousley, Report. Bot. Exch. Club 1941-42: 579 (1942). Subgen. Rumex sect. Simplices subsect. Crispi 5. *Rumex crispus L., Spec. Plant. 335 (1753). Type citation: “Hab. in Europae suc- culentis.” Perennial. Stems (30)50-100(150) cm high, strictly erect. Basal and lower stem leaves petiolate, petioles shorter than the laminae; laminae lanceolate, undulate, up to 30 cm X 60 mm, attenuate on both ends with cuneate rarely narrowly truncate bases, apices acute; upper stem leaves similar, but gradually becoming smaller and narrower. Inflorescences with erect rarely slightly patent branches, more or less com- pact in the fruiting stage, rarely the lower whorls separated by a few subtending leaves in the lower part of the inflorescence. Whorls many-flowered. Fruiting pedi- cels variable in length, thin, always longer than the valves. Fruiting valves varying in size (3.5)4-5(6) mm long and broad, orbicular-cordate, rarely subcordate-triangular, entire, usually all valves bearing a callosity, callosities equal or sometimes unequal; rarely only the anterior valve with a callosity and the others ecallose. Nuts (2)2.5- 3(3.5) mm long, normally broadest below the middle. (Figure IC). Selected specimens examined. QUEENSLAND: Mary River c. 20 km S of Gympie 26°02'S, 152°04'E, 25 October 1974, S. L. Everist s.n. (BRI); Clifton, C. T. White 12670 (BRI). NEW SOUTH WALES: 40 km NNW of Warren, K. Paijmans 1770 (CANB); Between Lyneham and Gungahlin, J. Pulley 1174 (CBG); Cave Creek, c. 0.5 mile [0.8 km] below Blue Waterhole, A. Rodd 68 (NSW). ™ Nuytsia Vol. 5, No. 1 (1984) VICTORIA: Wangaratta 36°22'S, 146°17'E, Helen 1. Aston 2167 (BRI, dupl. ex MEL); Studley Park, Kew, R. V. Smith 77/28 (MEL). TASMANIA; 13 miles [21 km] from Queenstown towards Hobart, M. E. Phillips 477 (CBG); Flinders Island near Whitemark, John Whinray 3 (MEL). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Southern Lofty Region 35°11'S, 138°37'E, A. W. Bell 106 (MEL dupl. ex AD); Bute Railway yard, c. 130 km NNW of Adelaide, B. Copley 812 (MEL dupl. ex AD) NORTHERN TERRITORY: Todd River, Alice Springs 23°42'S, 133°52'E, 14 November 1979, A. Thomas s.n. (NT). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Woody Island, Recherche Archipelago, Ian Abbott 17 (MEL); Denmark 34°57'S, 117°21'E, K. H. Rechinger 60137 (PERTH, W). Distribution. Probably originally spontaneous in Europe and southwestern Asia. Now well established in most extratropical parts of the world. Rumex crispus is the most common of the European species of subgen. Rumex in Australia. Rumex crispus, in spite of a moderate range of morphological variability, can eas- ily be distinguished from other species in Australia by its ± strict and rather dense panicles, its crispate leaves which are attenuate at both ends and by its broad, cor- date-rounded, entire fruiting valves of which usually all, but rarely only the anterior one, hear a callosity. Subgen. Rumex sect. Simplices subsect. Conglomerati 6. *Rumex conglomeratus Murr., Prodr. Stirp. Goetting. 52 (1770). Typus: Germania: Gottingen. For Synonymy see Rechinger f. 1949a: 96. Perennial. Stems usually 30-80 cm high, ± erect, often branching from below the middle; branches arcuate-divaricate and forming open panicles. Basal and lowermost stem leaves petiolate; petioles usually as long as the laminae; laminae flat, narrowly oblong-ovate with slightly cordate or truncate bases, up to 6 cm x 3 mm, small in comparison with the size of the plant, apices rotundate-obtuse; upper stem leaves be- coming gradually smaller and with shorter petioles and more acute apices. Flower whorls many-flowered, all distant, all (except sometimes the uppermost) subtended by a small short petiolate leaf. Fruiting pedicels about the same length as the valves or only slightly longer, articulate at the middle or slightly below. Fruiting valves 2.5- 3.2 X 1-1-7 mm, oblong ovate, entire, all bearing a large callosity which sometimes occupies nearly the whole surface of the valve. Nuts 1.3-1. 7 mm long, dark brown. (Figure lA). Selected specimens examined. QUEENSLAND; Upper Peachester 26°51'S, 151°54'E, L. S. Smith s.n. (BRI). NEW SOUTH WALES: Moseley Park, Lord Howe Is., A. C. Beauglehole 5514 (CANB); Graveyard Ck, Kunghur, c. 12 miles [19.3 km] SW of Murwillumbah, E. F. Constable 6583A (NSW); At edge of Lake Burley Griffin, R. Pullen 8762 (CANB); c. 1.5 km S of Wyong Ck and 0.5 km W of Pacific Coast Highway, K L. Wilson 1991 (NSW); 6.5 km N of Bendemeer on Macdonald River road to Kingstown, K. L. Wilson 4357 (NSW). VICTORIA: Junction of Emerald and Cockatoo roads 37°58'S, 145°27'E, S. J. Forbes 244 (MEL); Studley Park, Kew, R. V. Smith lll2