NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS OBSERVATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA COUNTERCURRENT by Robert L . Har rod June 1984 Thesis Advisors J. B. Wickham S. P. Tucker Approved for public release; distribution unlimited T222093 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TmiJ PAGE ("♦>«.! Data Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM ! REPORT NUMBER JOVT ACCESSION NCI 3 PEC.P £s"S :atauCC K.MdJS *. TITLE (end Suotltte) Observations of the California Countercurrent TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COHERED Master's Thesis June 1984 S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AuTMO«f«; Robert L. Harrod 8 CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER tj *. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO AOCRE5S Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93943 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT P a O j E C ~ AREA 4 W O ►* K UNIT NUMeERS AS< II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO AOORE3S Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93943 '2 RE=>OP"r DATE June 1984 13 NUMBER OF P AGES 147 TT. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 4 ADDRESS^;/ dtttirtnt tram Controlling Ottlcej 15. SECURITY CLASS, (at thta report: UNCLASSIFIED 15a DECLASSIFICATION OOWnGRaOIN' SCH EDuLE '«. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (at thle Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (at (/la mbetrmct entered In Block 20. It dtttermnt tram Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. * ' EY WORDS (Conllnut on reveree aida it nac«j*ary end Identity by block number) California Countercurrent, California Undercurrent, Davidson Current, California Current, Eastern boundary currents, metered currents. 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on revere* elde It neca*iemry end Identity by bloc* number) Results from moored current meters, 150-350 m, are described for a region over the continental slope off Cape San Martin from January 1979 to April 1980. Current vector time series were constructed from the data and compared to the local coastal upwelling index. Progressive vector diagrams were also constructed, and spectum analysis was performed for alongshore DO , JAN 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE S-'N 0102- LF- 0U-660I j_ UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dele Snter security classification of this page 46 . 4 7 . 4 8 4 9 . 50 . 5 1 . 52. 53. 54 . 55 . 56 . 57 . E n a r ^ v de ns i t y s p e c C r u n o f c i r c e n t ne t a r a C 1 3 6 n depth at Station 7 deployed on 3 march 198 0 3 9 Energy density spectrum of current meter at 311 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 3 March 1980 90 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 127 m depth at Station 7 from 9 January to 28 February 1979 91 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 223 m depth at Station 7 from 9 January to 2 6 February 1979 92 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 169 m depth at Station 2 from 24 April to 13 June 19 79 93 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 241 m depth at Station 2 from 2 4 April to 12 June 1979 9 4 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 15 8 m depth at Station 7 from 9 July to 30 August 1979 95 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 231 m depth at Station 7 from 9 July to 29 August 19 79 r) 6 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 356 m depth at Station 7 from 9 July to 3 0 August 1979 97 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 165 m depth at Station 2 from 2 3 July to 11 September 1979 --- 98 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 237 m depth at Station 2 from 2 3 July to 13 September 1979 99 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 12 7 m depth at Station 7 from 9 October to 29 November 1979 LOO Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 2 0 0 m depth at Station 7 from 9 October to 29 November 1979 101 10 8 . 'rogressive vector diagram for the cur re a I n e h e r at 16 9 m depth at Station 2 from 27 November 1979 to 16 January 1980 102 59. Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 266 m depth at Station 2 from 27 November 197 9 to 13 January 1980 103 6 0. Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 311 m depth at Station 7 fron 4 March to 15 April 1980 ' 104 61. Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 186 m depth at Station 7 from 4 March to 12 April 19 80 10 5 6 2. Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 3 11 m depth at Station 7 fron 4 March to 10 April 1980 106 11 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Eastern boundary currents are the subject of scientific investigation for a variety of reasons, particularly the impact of these currents on the fishing industry. Ryther (19 6 9) concluded certain fishing grounds such as those off Peru, California, northwest and southwest Africa, Somalia, and the Arabian coast are so fertile, that they supply over half of the worlds fish harvest, yet constitute less than one percent of the oceans. These fishing grounds are invariably located close to shore, and their great fertility is due to frequent replenishment of near-surface nutrients from a few hundred meters deep in the open ocean offshore. The primary process for this is coastal upwelling, which in the Western Hemisphere is associated most markedly with the eastern boundary currents off North and South America. The economic need to understand these currents is made evident by the devastation of the coastal regions of Ecuador and Peru in 1982-1983 by the sudden influx of warm water termed El Ni no . The socioeconomic effects included; flooding, landslides, destruction of transportation facilities, huge agricultural losses, disturbance of coastal fisheries, and loss of life (Halpern et a 1 . , 198 3). This warm water Influx takes place from time-to-time, and recovery from a severe occurrence may take several years (Smith 1983). Off the North American west coast, the eastern boundary flow regime is known as the California Current System. A comprehensive summary of the present knowledge of this system is given by Hickey (1978). The California Current System includes the southward flowing California Current, and a number of manifestations of a counter-flow: the California Undercurrent, the Davidson Current, and the Southern California Countercurrent. This system is part of the general circulation of the North Pacific Ocean which is dominiated by an oceanwide, clockwise circulation known as the North Pacific Gyre. The eastern limb of the gyre is the California Current System, which extends along the North American continent from southern Canada to Mexico. The system includes both poleward and equatorward flows which vary on many time-scales. There are, for example, inter-annual variations such as El Nino, seasonal variations, and large variations with periods associated with weather systems. The California Current is a slow and broad equatorward surface flow, branching from the North Pacific Current, and marked by cold subarctic water type. The waters of the various countercurrents may be characterized by their admixture with water of equatorial origin which has relatively high levels of temperature, salinity and phosphate, and relatively low dissolved 13 During the winter months a surface current with poleward flow occurs in nearshore regions off the west coast of the United States. This current, inshore of the California Current, is known as the Davidson Current and is ordinarily found north of Point Conception. The Davidson Current may be a surface manifestation of the California Undercurrent. The Southern California Counter current is the name applied to the poleward flow from San Diego to Point Conception; during winter months, this nearshore flow is sometimes continuous with the Davidson Current. The study of eastern boundary currents is of both theoretical and practical interest. Dynamical models with features of observed eastern boundary currents have been developed since the turn of the century. Ekman (19 0 5) described the effects of a steady wind blowing on an ocean, and stated the concepts now known as the Ekman spiral and the Ekman transport. Sverdrup, Johnson, and Fleming (1941) provided some understanding of the dynamics of the up welling process. Hunk (19 50) computed the mass transports in a wind-driven ocean from the curl of the estimated wind stress. Recent models include the two-dimensional and three- dimensional upwelling models, and sea breeze produced upwelling models reviewed by O'Brien (1977). These models considered the influences of horizontal boundaries, bottom topography, and the variability of wind stress on the 14 ocean. The first numerical model of coastal upwelling ;:as constructed by O'Brien and Hurlburt (1972); this two-layer model successfully predicted the observed equatorward jet but failed to produce a poleward undercurrent. Suginohari (1974) used a model with a straight coast and a bottom topography which did not vary in a coastwise direction. His model succeeded in developing a poleward flow in the lower layer. A later review of models is given by Allen (1980). These models permit inferences, such as the effects of shelf width and coastal winds, to be made about shelf-flow motions which have time scales like those of the atmospheric weather systems which drive them. Irregu- larities of the coastline and bottom topography force three-dimensional motions. However, there has been little theoretical work in this area until recently. An important conclusion from the models is that the currents arise from and are maintained by both local and remote atmospheric forcing. Significantly improved models of coastal upwelling include more realistic wind stress and finer resolution of bottom topography, especially the shelf break and steep bottom slopes. Complementing models are field experiments which provide the basis for their motivation and verification. Two recent comparisons of models to field observations are Hickey (198 0) and Janowitz (198 0). Hie key used the two- dimensional, baroclinic, time-dependent model of 15 Hamilton (1978) and found it Co be effective for tine periods as long as fifteen days in predicting the displacement of isopycnals off the Oregon coast. Janowitz's comparison of a model of time-dependent quasi- geos trophic upwelling to moored meter data concluded tentatively that the model may have some validity, but further comparisons and verification should be undertaken. Early observational studies of the California Current System emphasized relatively large-scale motions. Sverdrup and Fleming (1941) utilized T - S relationships to define the origins of water of two sorts (in northern hemispheric eastern boundary flows): northern water with increasing salinity as temperature decreases with depth and southern water with relatively constant salinity as temperature decreases. That the warmer water was a northward-flowing current was also demonstrated by Sverdrup and Fleming (1941) utilizing geostrophy; later, Reid, et al. (1958) showed that geo-strophic shear of the flow at the 200-dbar surface with respect to the 5 Of,1 and the 1000-dbar surfaces indicates a northward flowing undercurrent. During the fifties and early sixties most Lagrangian current measurements were limited to drift bottle estimates of surface currents. One important exception was the tracking (for a few days) of deep drogues by Reid (1962), which also indicated a northward-flowing undercurrent off the central California coast. It is in the last decade that moored 16 current meters have provided a means to examine details of the flow over long time-periods. Moored current meters can be positioned to give direct measurements of the currents over extended periods (approximately two months for the Aanderaa meter, if a ten-minute sampling interval is used). Moored meters provide an excellent means for detailed local studies to elucidate better the properties, relationships, and interactions of the several portions of the California Current System. Studies of the California Current System during the 19 6 0 ' s using moored meters were primarily of the coastal waters off Oregon and Washington. While few current measurements have been made in the California Current and reliable wind stations are sparse, continuing studies off Washington and Oregon by Hickey (1979, 1980) and Huyer et al. (1979) show a significant relationship between local wind forcing and currents. Hickey stated that the seasonal variation of the near shore region of strong flow appears to be related to the seasonal variation of the alongshore component of wind stress at the coast. Huyer et al. show that the transition from the predominantly northward surface currents of the winter oceanographic regime to the predominantly southward surface currents of the spring oceanographic regime over the Oregon continental shelf occurs within a period of several days during a strong southward wind event. Recent work for waters off the central region of t'he California 17 coast includes descriptive studies by W i c k h a m (1975), Coddington (1979) and Dreves (1980). Wickham (1975) made salinity-temperature-depth (STD) sections, and parachute drogue observations off Monterey Bay. Wickham found the California Countercurrent to be present 15 km'off the coast in August 1972 and in August 1973. Coddington (1979) compared direct current measurements from an array moored off Cape San Martin to indirect measurements from ge os trophy. Coddington found the California Countercurrent to be present during the study period from November 1978 to February 1979. Dreves (1980) studied the relationship between local sea level gradient and alongshore flow for the same study period as Coddington. Dreves found that current and sea level gradient energy distributions were in close agreement, showing high energy concentration at the low frequency end of the spectrum. The region of the central California coast off Cape San Martin (Figure 1) was chosen for study for several reasons: there is relatively little ship traffic or fishing and, consequently, less risk of current meter damage or loss; the bottom topography is relatively devoid of complications, consisting of an extremely narrow shelf, sharp shelf break, and depth contours approximately parallel to the coast; additionally, the close proximity of. the study area to Monterey was a logistical convenience. The current meter data used by Coddington and Dreves, 18 some six sets of current meter observations spanning six months from 2 5 July 1978 until 2 2 January 1979, have been augmented as part of the continuous monitoring of the countercurrent off Cape San Martin. An observational data base of direct current measurements of more than one year's duration now exists. The objective of this study is to provide a preliminary analysis of current meter data for the period January 1979 to April 1980 . 19 II . DIRECT CURRENT OBSERVATIONS A. DATA COLLECTION The data for this study were collected using Aanderaa Model RCM-4 recording current meters, which are self- recording and intended to be anchored in the ocean below the wind wave zone; they record current speed and direction and water temperature. The meters were deployed off Cape San Martin, Califor- nia, from August 1978 until July 198 0 (see Figure 2). The station locations are shown in Figure 3. The present study covers the period from January 1979 to May 1980. Coddington (1979) and Dreves (198 0) have discussed data collected during the period from April 197 8 to January 1979. Deployment of the arrays was accomplished with the Naval Postgraduate School's research vessel ACANIA. Each mo o ring of several meters was launched by being strung out behind the ship, the uppermost meter and flotation devices first and the anchor last. The array's descent was slowed by a small drogue about two meters in diameter attached to the anchor. An array of three meters was used at Station 2 (35° 52.16'N, 121° 33.76'W) and four meters at Station 7 (35° 5 1. 4 ' N , 121° 46.54'W). They were arranged approx- imately as depicted in Figure 4. The anchor consisted of 20 one or two railroad wheels attached to an AMF- Sea link Model 242 acoustic release. Benthos 17-inch glass spheres in plastic hard hats (55 pounds net buoyancy each) were used to provide wire tension, with two spheres directly above each current meter and six above the release. The entire array was moored below the region of strong surface wave action and was recovered by acoustically activating the release. Upon recovery the meters were returned to the laboratory for maintenance prior to subsequent redeployment . B. DATA PROCESSING The data were recorded on three-inch reels of I /4-inch audio tape (Scotch Brand number 295) at ten-minute sampling intervals. Conversion of the data from the tapes recorded by the RCM-4 meters into a computer-acceptable format was accomplished with a Hewlett-Packard 9845 computer and an Aanderaa tape translator. The 1/4-inch tape was played back on a Wollensach audio deck and an oscilloscope was used to give a visual confirmation that data were present and of appropriate amplitude. The data were then translated from long and short to high and low voltage pulses and recorded on IBM -compatible 9-track tape on a Kennedy 9-track tape recorder. The Hewlett-Packard 9 3 45 computer was also used to plot and print portions of the data. 21 Five different programs were used with Che Naval Postgraduate School's IBM 360 computer in processing the data. They are listed in Appendix D. The initial program reads in the raw data from the 9-track magnetic tape, allows an initial look at the data if desired, and stores the data in mass storage for quicker, more efficient utilization. The second program applies temperature, speed, and direction calibrations to the data for each current meter. The third program reads in the calibrated output from program two, identifies missing records, and uses established cut-off parameters to suppress noise. Temperatures greater than 12°C, and less than 5°C are discarded, along with current speeds in excess of 100 cm-s . Discarded and missing records are filled in by the following process: upon encountering a faulty value, searching continues until a value is found that meets the acceptance criteria. Linear interpolation is used to obtain fill-in values. Initial looks at the data revealed only minimal gaps in the records. Program three, by means of a binomial, converts the data record from ten-minute values to hourly values and then produces four plots. Currents are presented in the form of stickplots, and three other plots display U and V components of the current (respectively, eastward .and northward for positive values), and temperature as functions of time. The fourth program reads in the output of program two, fills in missing and 22 faulty records, and Chen performs a spectrum analysis of the data. Its output consists of two plots of frequency versus power density for onshore and alongshore components of current. The fifth program uses the hourly records produced in program three to construct progressive vector plots. Two of the current meters used in the study were very noisy and gave unrealistically high indications of the speed. These noisy data are not shown here. 23 III. STUDY OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to provide a preliminary analysis of the current meter data. Questions to be considered are: 1. Do the data reveal seasonal variations of the flow? 2. Do the data reveal differences or similarities in the flow between Stations 2 and 7? 3. Are there indications of mes o scale events? 4. Are such mesoscale events coherent with respect to depth and/or position? 5. Is there a generalization about variation with depth that can be made? 6. How do the currents appear to be related to Bakun's coastal upwelling index (Bakun, 1980)? 24 IV . DESCRIPTION AND ORGANIZATION OF GRAPHICS To highlight the salient features of the variations, and to examine them in the framework of Section III the data are presented in several ways. There are seven different graphical representations in Appendixes A, B , and C. These plots are: 1. Time series of Bakun's coastal upwelling index (Bakun, 1980). 2. Time series of current vectors. 3. Time series of eastward components of the current vectors . 4. Time series of northward components of the current vectors . 5 . Time series of temperature. 6. Spectrum analyses of alongshore flow and on/offshore flow. 7. Progressive vector diagrams. The plots are organized chronologically according to deployment date of the meters, beginning 5 January 1979 and ending in March 1980. In Appendix A there are sets of time series. For example, Figure 8 and those like it contain time series o f Bakun's coastal upwelling index ( U I ) , and current series 25 (stickplots), in this case for the meters deployed on 5 January 1979 at Station 7 , permitting visual comparison of one aspect of local forcing and the associated motions. The coastal up welling indices are indicative of onshore-offshore Ekman transport, as estimated from wind stress at the position in the vicinity of Point Sur indicated L n Figure 1 . The procedure for calculating upwelling indices is presented in detail by Bakun (197 3). The stickplots are graphical depictions of current speed and current direction. Time-scales are indicated along the top and bottom of Figure 5, and the units of measurement for the ordinates are shown on the left side of the figure. Pertinent information on the figures of this type include: station number, date of deployment, meter serial number, and depth of meter deployment. Another type is represented by Figures 6 and 7. They depict U, V, and T for the two current meter records represented in Figure 8, where U (positive) is the eastward component of the current vector, V (positive) is the northward component of the current vector, and T is the temperature. Again, time scales and pertinent station information are given in the figure. The time series of these variables are complementary to the progressive vector diagrams found in Appendix C since they accentuate higher frequency events such as inertial and tidal oscillations. The figures in Appendix B contain spectrum analyses of 26 alongshore flow and on /offshore flow for each current meter. The abscissa (frequency) and the ordinate (power density function) are clearly labeled, and each figure also lists station number, meter serial number, meter deployment depth, and date of deployment. The spectrum analyses indicate regions of high energy in the frequency domain and suggest forces at work. Appendix C contains the progressive vector diagrams (PVD). The vertical and horizontal scales are equal (kilometers), and true North is indicated. Crosses are positioned at 3-day intervals, and the letter "F" indicates the final plotted position. In addition to station number, meter number, meter depth, and period of computation, the mean speed and mean direction for the entire period are indicated. The PVD's depict well the low frequency variations, so-called "events", such as eddies. Appendix D contains the listings of the computer programs used to process and plot the current meter data. 27 V. ANALYSIS A. RELATION BETWEEN CURRENT AND LOCAL WIND FORCING The coastal mountains of California tend to deflect the low level winds so that they blow equatorward parallel to the coast. Consequently, the average Ekraan transport is offshore (Stewart 1967). In the simple E 'cm a n model, the offshore flow lies generally above the level at which our current meters are moored. But there are strong vertical motions ( u p-a nd-d ownwe 1 1 i ng ) and other intense mesoscale exchange mechanisms in the area of study which negate the application of the simple Ekman model to observed cross- slope flow and suggest the possibility of a deeper "virtual" Ekman layer extending well into the pycnocline. In this section qualitative relations between current and local wind forcing are examined through use of the time series of stick plots and up welling index and also by referring to Figure 5. These relations will first be examined separately at each mooring station, and then for the time period July - August 1979, when current meters were deployed at both Station 2 and Station 7. Finally, seasonal and geographical variations will be considered. 28 1 . A n a 1 v s i s at Station 2 The corresponding U I and current velocity for Station 2, the inshore station, are shown in Figure 11 for the period from 23 April to mid-June. There are event-scale (ca. one week) changes in current direction and speed that appear to be coherent with depth. The up welling index is positive all during the months of May and June with nearly periodic episodes of great intensity. It is reasonable that there be upwelling in this period of strong positive upwelling index (UI=+138). The mean cross slope flow (U') for this period (Table II) is small and positive, which indicates that the meters are below the Ekman layer. The poleward alongshore flow shown by the stick plots indicates the presence of a countercurrent at 169 and 241 m. Strong equatorward winds (positive UI) seem to correlate well with strong poleward flow of the countercurrent during this time period, especially at the level nearest the surface. Also, very large drops in the index are associated with a slight- ly lagging decrease in the poleward current speed, and increased variablility in current direction during inter- vals centered on 21 May, 1 June, and 9 June (Figure 11). Continuing at Station 2 in the period 21 July - 12 September 1979 (Figure 18), there is also an overall tendency for poleward flow associated with positive upwelling index especially at the level nearest the surface. The mean cross-slope flow (Table II) for this 29 period of strong upwelling index (UI=+125) is negative; if an extended Ekman layer is postulated, this cross-slope flow can be interpreted as lying within a layer which includes both meters. The magnitude of U I declines during the latter part of this period. On a shorter time-scale (about 9 days) the rise and fall of the upwelling index is accompanied throughout the record, beginning about 10 August, by poleward currents during periods of high upwelling index, and equatorward or diminished poleward currents during periods of reduced upwelling index. Thus, decreases in the upwelling index clearly relate to decreases in, or disappearance of, the counter current on these time scales (ca. 9 days), especially at the greater depth, 237 m. In the following period, 24 November 1979 through 18 January 1980, as shown in Figure 24, the upwelling index is further reduced (UI=-20), becoming dominantly negative after mid December. The meter at 194 m (Figure 24) is suspect due to lack of direction changes. This could be the result of a stuck vane, or a malfunction in the sensor. The alongshore current at depth 266 m alternates betweeen poleward and equatorward flows with durations between three and ten days. There is a marked change in currents after 23 December; they become weak and variable following a strong surge in the downwelling index at that time. 30 2 . Anaylsis at Station 7 First consider the winter period January - February 1979, illustrated in Figure 8. The mean flow at both levels (152 m and 223 m) is predominantly poleward; but there are important event- scale variations. There are also alternating periods of positive and negative upwelling index during this period. The significant current variations and the upwelling index changes do not seem correlated. For example, from 5 to 10 January 1979 the currents at both depths were toward the southwest and during the next 15 to 17 days rotated clockwise. While the upwelling index varied erratically about zero, a similar rotation of the currents and unrelated variation of the upwelling index continued until about mid-February, when predominantly poleward flow again resumed, and the currents flowed in this direction for the remainder of the record, approximately twelve days. A fair conclusion for this period, when wind forcing is inconsistent and weak, is that there is no simple relation between the local upwelling index and the observed behavior of the currents on time scales of tens of days, and that some other mechanism than local forcing is involved. During July and August 1979 (Figure 1-4), the index is positive and the flow at Station 7, is also predominatly poleward at 158, 231, and 356 m, especially in July. Large events involving reversals in the currents can be seen on 31 about 7 August and 24 August at all three observed levels. These events appear to occur at all depths almost simultaneously, which suggests that they are not directly related to the local wind. During October and November 1979 (Figure 21) there is again a period of generally weak up welling index when that index has no obvious relation to the currents. These currents were equatorward from 12 until to 30 October, followed by a reversal to become poleward from 1 through 21 November while the upwelling index again varied erratically near zero. During the period 3 March through 12 April 1980 (Figure 27) poleward and equatorward flow alternate until about mid- March, while the upwelling index remains low. Following a rise in the upwelling index at that time (mid- March) and its persistence at high levels for nearly three weeks, predominantly poleward flow begins and persists for the remainder of the recorded period, some three weeks. The meter at 113 m (Figure 27) is suspect due to lack of direction changes and small magnitude, and its data will be ignored. 3 . ComparisLon of Stations 2 and 7 Current meter arrays were deployed at both Stations 2 and 7 during the period from 21 July to the end of August, providing an opportunity for examining horizontal 32 variations. As mentioned above, the currents at Station 2 (depicted in Figure 18) appear to respond with little or no lag to local forcing for this entire period. The response of the currents to local winds is not so clear at Station 7 (Figure 14). The currents at Station 7 may respond differently to local winds than currents at Station 2 because of the increased distance from the controlling boundary (coast). It is also possible that the response of the currents at Station 7 to local forcing may be masked by other influences. Certainly, there is no longer a nearly in-phase response of the current (note, for example, that on 27 August flow at Station 2 is predominantly poleward while flow at Station 7 is predominantly equatorward). If flow at Station 7 is being driven by local winds, the response must lag the wind. Seasonally, the countercurrent was strongest during the spring months of 1979 at Station 2 (Figure 11). Geograph- ically, the major discernable difference is the closer correlation between the current and the local forcing at Station 2 (inshore) than at Station 7 (offshore). In summary, there are four important conclusions to the analysis of the currents and their relation to the upwelling index: 1. The entire record from January 1979 to April 1980 indicates currents are predominantly poleward at both stations, especially while Bakun's coastal upwelling index is high and positive. 33 2. Throughout the period, many events with time scales of tens of days occur at ail recorded depths. 3. Current response to local forcing is more apparent at Station 2 . 4. The countercurrent runs most strongly during the periods of high up welling index at the nearshore station (Stat ion 2 ) . B. SPECTRUM ANALYSIS The current meter data are subjected to spectrum analysis in order to identify regions of high energy in the frequency domain, and consequently suggest forces at work in the study area. The information from spectrum analysis, in this case via a program using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), depends upon the record length and the sampling interval. The parameters used in the spectrum analysis program are: Record length Sampling interval No. of points per record Resolution Nyquist frequency No. of frequencies resolved No. of degrees of freedom = TR = 10 24 h = At = 1 h N =10 24 = Af = .00 98 h - fN - .5 h_1 = M = fN/af = 512 = N/M = 2 - 1 The records available are typically about 5 0 days (12 0 (J h) long; the maximum resolution attainable by FFT is, therefore, obtained from data sets of length 10 24 hours. 34 For a fixed record length, however, high resolution is paid for at the expense of stability. The resolution with no averaging of spectral estimates over frequency is Af = 1024 h ; and for single spectra (with no ensemble averaging) the estimates of variance have only two degrees of freedom (and are thus uncertain indicators of the variance distribution). For time series defined at equal time-intervals At, the highest frequency component discernable is given by N, = (2At) , the "Nyquist frequency". The variance of frequencies higher than this are attributed, spuriously, to lower frequencies. Such misread ("aliased") variance is thought to be of minor concern in the data sets of this study except for those few (discarded) with high frequency instrumental noise. Among forces known to be at work in the ocean which are likely to contribute to energetic currents are tidal and (possibly) inertial forces. Some of the most important components are the semi-diurnal tide- producing forces (Sverdrup, et a 1 . , 1942): Name Principal lunar Principal solar Luni-solar Symbol Period(h) Frequency (h ) M- K. 12 .42 12 .00 1 1 .97 .0805 .0833 .0835 The inertial frequency and period, calculated with the average latitude (35.8°) of Station 2 and Station 7, are f(i) = .0487 h"1, and T(i) = 20.5 h. 35 The spectral estimates consistently indicate energetic components at tidal and Lnertial frequencies as well as at periods of approximately 10 days. The dominant tidal components present are the semi-diurnal, with the most significant peaks appearing to be the luni-solar. In Table I are shown the approximate values of the low frequency, lnertial , and semi-diurnal tidal peaks for both alongshore, and onshore/offshore motion. These values in Table 1 are taken from the spectrum analysis plots to show what, if any, relation there is between high energy and depth, season, and proximity of the shore. In general the spectra indicate greater energy for tidal, inertial, and Low frequencies at the upper meters. It appears that motions at these frequencies are also more energetic in winter than in summer. Finally, tidal and low frequency energy are greater near shore, while energy in the lnertial frequency is greater offshore. C. INFERENCES FROM PROGRESSIVE VECTOR DIAGRAMS The PVD's are helpful in observing low frequency variations and the mean currents which are summarized in Table II. As a meander, eddy, or wave in the countercurrent moves through a stations position the boundary between the poleward flow and equator ward flow moves about, with the current meters alternating between either side of that boundary. Such an occurrence is reflected in the PVD's as a current reversal. 36 en X) o co- co o o o 1— 1 oo ^ LU < _J UJ m Q_ < h- >- CJ3 OC UJ cs o co I — I on < Q. o LU r U_ LU O Q£ LA O rs. oo r- O O 00 O 00 O 00 -O r ON ■>. O _1 Z X O LO r~ t— O o- 00 o 00 t- O ro oo ONr < O CO T" h- ej lu _l 0 2 Q£ O O O O _1 o oo st o ro lo N. O ro mj o 21 O O • • • ■ < • ■ • 1 ■ • » ■ ■ • • 0 _J X 00 r- ro ro ro ro O 00 LO n < 00 ,"~ oo *- Li- Li. LU _J -J _1 _i O OS LO LA ro oo _l O ro lo _i _i Is- >d- ro "I— LO 00 <: -s. O ■ ■ • a o oo st o LO o T- St 00 _J X T— T— r- s: s: oo T- O o o o St 00 O t- r- < 00 00 00 /■"N >" < U- Q U_ UJ _l O QC LO _) LO LO LTl O o st O r- O O r- K- r- C*i O **+ o • < t— Z X O £ o o O r- r*- lo O- LO r- T~ T~ O t- O ■ O oo 00 r— UJ cj lu « z en ro o o o ro O CO LO O O CO o ro 00 00 L> u_ o o _J X LO St O- 00 O LO O T- 00 00 O T— X— o *- o 3 Or- 0_ O st O ro O O LO 00 to ro lo OO o r-OO^" LU T- t\J t- oo r- 00 *- 00 t- oo ro t- 00 r- i- ro O UJ H o o O o o o O < o- o- 1*- f*. N. r^ CO Q cn _i > z _l H en H Q_ 3 o < 3 o < Q£ < —3 z —> —y O £ < h- ro T~ St LO o~ o- ro oo 00 OO 00 Z o 1— I 1- (\j oo oo O- o- o- r^ < h- 00 +-> u cu Q. i — O) CD oo ^_ II II CO +: 37 < UJ _l CO < Q < UJ Cd ZD o o oo < o C_3 f— \ u . E o o r- O in r— O T- (M T- o vj" vj- fM T- O o s~s + + 1 1 1 + + + i i . + + 1 1 + *~\ U O r- t- in C\J rs. -o ro m oo oo T— T— st si- fs. to l>^ O r- O *- O fM st ^*- -4" LH fM LO >d- st- ro fM E v- r- o ^-/ /"\ t- 0 <\j sf t- ro 00 T- CO o <\j O vO r- O IA N OJ |0 Sf >o ro CN O LA fM in ro m fM O v- COr- UJ r- CM r- (M r- (M r- fM r- fM M v- fM t- t- ro cs a o >-i o o CN CN CN O f> O f> CN f> O o o cc r- r»- N- N- Is- 00 rs. n- r- n- r^- n- 00 CO LU a. CC 3 z _J D Q_ > 3 Z z d m J 3 (J 1- D > c; d o: Q. t_ 3 3 L UJ O i- < < t_ UJ 3 1-3 o t_ O < «- CL UJ < _c -s — 5 -C 00 zn — 3 _C LL. -3 -C < O -C 2 s: -c < S +-> •M +-> ■H ■H +-< +j i— i ro o r- ro -J- CO CN CO CN O O CN sr lo 1- fM r- fM T— fM r- fM NO fM r- 2 o H-t h- fM (M fM rs. r^- N- N- < H- 01 S- OJ i_ i_ =3 i- U zs u aj +-> am u O 5- QJ r— O Q. c/i x: oo I 1^1 Z! L0 CT) 00 00 sz O O 00 S- i— -i- S_ c c aj ro rO -M OJ QJ QJ II II II 38 Two interesting features r e a d i L y seen in the progressive vector diagrams v i g u r e s 4 7 through 6 2, are cur re iit reversals of long duration, and the mean current for the duration of the mooring. The mean current direction (9), given as azimuth, speed (V), cm-s , and temperature (T), degrees Celsius, for each current meter for the entire study period are shown in Table II; and they are also shown on the individual plots. Also shown in Table II are the mean onshore and alongshore current components repectively. The alongshore direction in this case is defined as 340° T for Station 2, and 35 0° T for Station 7, which represent the azimuths of the mean contours at those sites. For both Stations 2 and 7 over the entire period, the seasonal and depth variations will be considered. The mean alongshore current is always poleward at all observed levels (from 127 m to 356 m) and at both stations. Mean alongshore current speeds were greater near shore at Station 2, than offshore at Station 7. Mean alongshore current speed at the upper levels appears to vary only slightly seasonally at both stations, approximately 4 to 6 cm-s, with the exception of the upper meter at Station 2, 2 3 April to mid-June, i.e., the counter current appears weak at observed depths, except in late spring. The P V D ' s indicate predominantly unidirectional flow at the near-surface levels of Station 2,. while at the deeper, 39 lower meters there were often current reversals and oscillations possibly associated with meanders, waves, and eddies. Current reversals occurred in greater numbers and were present at all depths at Station 7 which may possibly be due to Station 7 being near a boundary between north and south currents. The semidiurnal components of the currents are at times apparent in the PVD's as for example in Figures 4 9 and 57. Shorter term variations are also indicated by the PVD's, in particular reversals. No apparent current reversals are present at the upper meter of Station 2, 2 4 April to mid- June (Figure 49), and only two minor reversals can be seen near the end of the record for the lower meter (Figure 50). At the same station from 23 July to mid-September, two current reversals of short duration are evident at the upper layer (Figure 5 4); and more than half a dozen current reversals of from three to twelve days in duration can be seen for the current at greater depth (Figure 55). Current reversals are not present at the upper level of Station 2 (Figure 58), 27 November 1979 to mid-January 1980, but several current reversals of approximately three to nine days duration can be seen at depth (Figure 59 ) . A single current reversal is present at both meters of Station 7 (Figures 47 and 48), 9 January to the end of February 1979. At the same station, 9 July to the end of 40 August 19 79, three current reversals are apparent at the upper two meters (Figures 51 and 52), and two reversals can be seen in the lower meter (Figure 53). These reversals all appear to be of a relatively Long duration, 15 to 2 0 d. Two current reversals are present at both meters of Station 7 (Figures 56 and 57), 9 October to 29 November 1979. For the period 4 March to 15 April 198 0 at the same station, no reversals are seen in the upper meter (Figure 60), but several oscillations and reversals are seen in the two lower meters (Figures 61 and 62). D. CROSS-SLOPE CURRENT The mean cross-slope currents from Table II are plotted against time in Figure 5. The dominant feature of these currents is an annual variation with onshore flow in winter months and offshore in spring and summer. This annual variation correlates with the strong upwelling occurring in the spring and summer, and the weak upwelling index in the winter. Qualitatively, the relation between the upwelling index and the cross-slope current means is consistent with a thick layer influenced by a modified surface Ekman regime. E. TIME SERIES The time series plots of U (positive-east) and V (positive-north) components were primarily used as an air! in interpreting the stickplot data. They are also useful for their resolution of high frequency variations. The 41 semidiurnal components of the currents are e v L d .j n t ;i s well as the larger scale current oscillations indicated in the s tick plots . The temperature versus time plots also indicate the semidiurnal components and large-scale oscillations found in the stick plots. Approximate mean temperatures for the current meters at Station 2 and 7 throughout the record are shown in Table II. The temperature decreased with depth at all stations. The mean temperatures at Station 2 at all depths (Figure 6) become increasingly warmer during the period from April 1979 to January 1980, while the mean temperatures at Station 7 at all depths (Figure 7) become increasingly cooler. This is consistent with existing wind stresses, which would tend to uplift the isotherms at the "nearshore station (Station 2) in the spring (strong upwelling index) and depress them in winter (weak up welling index). The cooling continues at Station 7 at all depths from December 1979 until April 1980, and no simple explanation is apparent. 42 IV . CONCLUSIONS A northward flowing current was found for the entire period of this study. It was strongest at the upper levels, roughly between 10 0 and 200 m . Seasonally, this countercurrent was strong during spring and substantially weaker during winter. The speed and direction of the countercurrent at any given time may differ markedly from the average flow. There were events on scales of tens of days which appeared to be qualitatively coherent between stations and also between depths at a given station. Frequent current reversals and oscillations occurred, consistent with the weak, poorly defined, broad flows associated with eastern boundary currents. Bakun's coastal upwelling index is an indicator of possible wind- driven coastal upwelling. The coastal upwelling index is,, in the me an, consistent with the observations of a deep cross-slope flow (Ekman layer), a large upwelling index corresponding to thickening of the Ekman layer. The countercurrent is present during the entire study, and the low frequency alongshore current is never equatorward. Relatively high -energy peaks' at semidiurnal tidal frequencies and inertial frequencies occurred in the 43 majority oE Che current: records. Additionally, low frequency energy peaks were found at periods of about L 0 d. At Station 2, (nearshore), the alongshore component of these three frequencies tends to be greater than the on/offshore component, and generally speaking, the low frequency energy peak (T = 10 d) is dominant. At Station 7 (offshore), the on/offshore component of these three frequencies is noticeably greater, but there is no obvious pattern to the energy distribution. The countercurrent was present at the study site, but it was not possible to unequivocally identify and correlate local forcing with the countercurrent. The vertical migration of the frontal boundary between equatorward and poleward flow was observed at both stations, but less often at the nearshore Station 2 than at Station 7 . Hydrographic data from the study area for this time period were not examined at all, and deserve future consideration. Correlation of currents and wind or upwelling index, coraparision of observed currents With predicitons of various models, and the relation of metered currents to those inferred from hydrographic data are recommended for future studies. 44 122W 12 1W % \'.*' **. ,S* ^ivV'.. •..:!'•"•' "1 , "*" '-1 >^>U>S>;.;' © Upwelling Index ■■•••';.■-». **-»s vv (?) Current Meters 7..~:V l/ 'i- \ /; V; • :"' *->»••' >--*V»/".. '••<■■" ."■•"•» !?■'' „-•' (.'.'; ' v . .•'/ r • ■ . • .■•• .'* y- • . ' ■ • . / .' • ,' /■'.'■ """*■ *» yw /••*•*"' ■**■. .*' ■» f-'^s.'. ' • '" •'* '.A. * c- - ;■•• v. ..:» .' 'CV'.... ■ r,"'v;:' i ..S. \ ]■■■'.' : n / J p ' •! »" /' Vv ■ '. v» A-'- •' '"■-■* ^-^?%"-. V ""'"■-.. *^«V '••• V"-.-~. Vr '.'•' " ■>'* » vt'- '•■■'" <"""' © > w:.. • "•v.- '«»■■■. i v ■ •:-••" • ( \ **V 7 •; X~, V'.;- * ! V. v; .■ • • *» ^N"Nui.-' v. \ >v'.'' • , '*• *** \* • '. x*. * V '*"'■ \ "*■•„ N* V-' V . * * X* . ■ • •' ". * \ \.** . • ■ .•■••% i * \-:- * * V . . .** #■' * i\* : •' ' J '••'•■ '[■'•— J < - /■:■'; \ ', \ ' \ J"" jhi" V—-V. 'l )?:.".. \ *■••-.._ \ ■'•:■■ '"**••.. \ ^-<' ' * ". * '■■»•"'*"• N \ ^*v ■ ' 18 29 a 914 a 18 3 n \'.' ■/.■./:; 3 7N _ 36N 35N Figure 1. The study area 45 CO «*■ ro "^ O rn s- •M E CO _. ro c~. Sd313H 4ft o CD CD <,-. 0) CD Ll- O uy- <- <- Ll— OH CO2- C5) I/)— r- <- 0) E >> 0 T) M , M O H O c o u xi u 3 M •H c ■H 4-) u cfl ss c 0) 03 > en •H 4-) cu ^H CJ OJ i-i 3 •H o o o CM o o o o U3 o o CO o o o o o CM (Ui) HldBQ 47 ig 2 Benthos 17" Glass Spheres -Aanderaa RCM-4 Current Meter 5/32" SS Wire 2 Eenthos 17" Glass Spheres ■Aanderaa RCM-4 Current Meter 5/32" SS Wire 6 Eenthos 17" Glass SDheres •AMF Model 2^2 Acoustic Release '15 Meters of 5/32" SS Wire ■3/8" Chain ,3 Meters •Anchors, 2 or more RR wheels Figure 4. Current meter array CD vD CN o oo on r-- o CM O —I CN u o C 0) !-i U CN vO -a- CN sO — •* on u-i n in c-i CM _■ cn> CM a u CJ o B o ■H CO u c/i 0) O C o c a) OO ■H + + en i I s-mo 3uajjn3 aaoqsun usaw 49 100 JAN 1979 APR JUL OCT JAN 1980 APR 150 200 a 250 300 350 8.5 8.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 Figure 6. Mean temperatures at Station 2. 50 100 JAN 1979 APR JUL OCT 150 ■ 9.4 200 ■ o. o 8.6 250 300 350 ■ 8.7 8.3 7.4 JAN 1980 APR 9.3 8.4 9.0 8.0 7.0 Figure 7. Mean temperatures at Station 7 51 APPENDIX A TIME SERIES PLOTS H to , 01 M M 03 S-4 3 =i d a to in i— i •-3 rH m u 3 c o o r~ T3 4-1 CU O >^ CT> o 03 rH h a. O d a) •rH E rH rH 4-1 m c 3 QJ CN (N CU r-< P *r-4 3 S-< CJ 3 CO cu rfl 4-1 4-1 d r-H •H r-l o o Ph U-4 oo M o en 3 -h r- GO •H c Plh (0 h3 D3ywD r* 6 CN CN « m rr> f-» n 0) r- .C £. ON 4-1 4-1 — i D. , Q o u U-l a H 3 -3 =tfc 4-1 LO 5-1 w 0) w o r». 4J .-H c O Qu o -H cu •H d T3 Ul 03 4J e r a t u r e a t ion 7 m a; , and temp epth at St CO V component at 152 m d CN U c ompo ne n t , current meter "5IT/WD r- c IT) QJ 3 1*1 53 0) cr> -C r^- u o^ H u o r-\ U-l •H U OJ Q. E < •H U m CN en 3 d Cfl o Vj QJ -d > 01 ^ W o j_l H O a. rH a) a, TD a) r->. M 3 d a_j o cfl •H U u 0) CO a. U e c^ 0) u J_) cc -a c x; « 4-J CX n OJ 4-1 T3 d OJ E d o m a CNJ e CN o a J-l CO > l-i « a) u u d 01 01 E d o 4-1 a d E 0J o S-j u S-i 3 o a i-i 3 00 ■H 03S/W0 D3S/VO 54 in <* S-l O U-l co s-i 0 ■u CJ 01 > 4-1 • C Ch 0) r-. u a^ c 3 f-3 s-l M U H •H >, u r— I a, u J2 cn u-i C o o CO T3 •u a) O >, H O . CX >— 1 Jai CL u -u a U 0) 3 u cn i-i 3 U CJ >H 0) O .3 Dh aJ iu oodv^ cn CO r- CN 0) u S-l Qj 3 < 00 m (JL, CN 55 01 o> »C 1 — <-j a\ H l-l O .H 4H -H M 1) 0, E < ■H u m CN ro 1-3 01 w c £-1 01 T3 > 0) !>, en 0 -1 rH 0 a 1— i oj 00 CX TJ (N oj cn 'f~* 3 c 4-1 C re -H >-l 4-J 0) ra CN £N a. 4-j £ en 01 4-1 4-1 03 "O C X ro w a •v 0) 4J ~0 c 0) g r— * 0 ctn £X 0 r -H c co r~ CN M < CN CO ri 0) 4-1 -J C 01 OJ c r- O •U (X E O O 1-1 1-1 D ^j O 0> D 00 •H D3S/VO 56 o m ' cu E ■H c 4-1 o to X) c 3 OJ p T. J*, m ha 01 > en o O 0) -a CM c CO o (N 4J TO S-i 01 ■H 4-1 TO 4-1 C/j 4-1 TO CN e CM CD 4-1 T3 C TO 4J 4-1 Ph CD B 1— 1 Hi * O E ON H *s r~ 4J 4J a> C c H CD CU c M rH o )-i ■H o. 3 S-i >i s u a (C o < ^r s o CU rn ^D 4-1 CN c 01 H u 3 O • On >, r^ rH On H rH O >, X rH 3 LLJ —J O J-J 3 o o rH a x) ^ , ■H O u t— I en ex 0) c X CD -a 3 O •H 4J CTj GO CO c •H 4-1 rH CTJ rH cu en 3 i- a a) 33 w a) E H 3 en 4-1 C •H O a. c cu M H 3 'J (n a> rH P» CU H rH 3 3 M >3 •H 58 0) JZ • 4-1 a> l*x u CTi o i—l U-l ^ 0) i— 1 £ 3 ■H >-} 4-1 r^ m 3 a en o !-i a) -d > cj >, 0) o j_i rH o CX H CJ CX -3 CO r-^ u 3 3 4-1 O cd •H M 4_> a) RJ Cu ij £ CO OJ 4-1 4-1 n) TJ C -C CTJ 4J CX «* cu 4-1 T3 3 a) B c o 00 ex LO 6 H 0 M #\ CJ u 4-1 c (1) a) £ a o 4J ex 3 £ OJ o 1-1 u S-i 3 3D •J m H r- 1—1 OJ H u 3 3 ►3 to ■H r-» Pn D3S/W0 D3S/WD 59 01 JS • 4-1 ON r-. O rH U-l >*, CD rH E 3 •H ^3 U I — f-4 CO 3 3 CO 0 M a) >, CO o J-J —1 O Cu rH rH rH CD a T3 a) r-» u 3 3 J-J O m -H cr 3 in < S-4 iJ E en a> u u CO -a C .3 03 J-J ex o n c 0) E c O rH ex n E ^J O CJ J-J "5T > •N 01 J-l J-J 3 0) CD E c o j-j n*» CX 3 UJ E QJ O S-i CJ H 3 ^ CJ 3 c- H OJ J-J 3 SO ■H 03S/VO 60 V si • 4-J cn r^ U cn o H U-l >» 01 iH E 3 •H -> 4J r^ cn 3 3 CO O S-J OJ -a > u >i cn o 4-J H O CL -H QJ Q. -0 OJ r^. h 3 C 4-1 O 03 •i-l Cn M 4J 3 cu a) < a 4-J E CO o> 4-J 4-1 CD 13 3 ,3 to 4-J ex •> 0) 4-1 -a c 01 E a o ^40 a m E rn 0 o 4J CO > u « 0) 4-1 4J c QJ 01 E zl o 4-1 CL 3 E 0) o M u U 3 ZD CJ CN cn H r-< r^ 0J r— 1 M 3 3 ►j 00 D3S/VO 61 o H ►J CO M o fa I— « o 1J CO 4J CO CN -1 en M o 4J Q< o 3 0) • vO CO > en r~- 4-1 3^ c rH 3 M ^ U .H 3 3 H rj •-3 m ^ —i H CN H 3 3 O O jC "3 4-1 3 cn o >, *-* 3 fa P t3 >-i 3 Vj 3 3 CO 3 SZ tn 4_) u 3 C H < .H U 0 O fa XJ CO CT\ \D r- 3 rj W rH 3 3 SO »3 •H fa (N "5157HT 7MS7WT 62 > H fcT" _^s CM o D3S/W0 J L I o i ) 1 03 Oh 1-1 —J 01 o *—J VD CO 4-1 t—i 1) CN e •H c 4-J o w X) rH 3 Hi m 10 >~1 u 3 0) 1-1 > Pi. -I : CTj O CM CO a c (N e r a t ur e t S t a t io CTi (X CO rH , and tem m depth m 4_l LO rH V componen eter at 16 r^ onen t , rrent m tn P, 3 3 E o rH *C o a ai p *-> en en rH 10 r~ rN OJ rH H 2 a ^ •H rH Ph CN dbs/wd 63 > h- CM — CO I "3T?7VCr ii lii i -^f57W3 en I od og r-N c^ r~\ ft CD ^0 w H o n 0) CN •H C JJ 0 iH CO T3 n a oj c/) >> S-i o OJ ^H > ex, 0) 0) T3 *J O CN in r- 1 rsj a c c OJ -H 1-1 u 0 cO 4-1 4-) CO CO l-l en 0) 4-1 0) e * 4-1 4-1 C C 0) OJ c n en o u 3 CX 0 t-i • *j a> C r-> oj cr\ U iH (-4 3 1-4 CJ CD >^ O I— 1 4-1 ^ u 3 o o -C ^ H M-l C O O W T3 4-j a) o >> 0 IT) 2 tick d ep en r^ *0 C c o 03 -H 4-J X 03 O OJ 4-J X) CO C 1— 1 4-J ta CO C W ■H ^ r-H OJ >H 4-1 ^ji 0) OJ CM 2 6 a O 4-1 r* U OJ 3 U CO 5-4 3 X 4-j a H rj •H OJ O -C P-4 4-1 ■'-^V^F^'^^ oj en H r~ oj S-l -P D u 00 o •H Mh D3S/WD 65 a\ u r-» X. 3> 4-1 rH O 01 <4-, ,43 G a 4-1 £ o •H O •u r^- uj 3 c CO c !-j v -a ?> CU >1 0 in 2 rape r Stat OJ 4-1 4-J 03 13 c x: crj 4_i a o CO * qj 4-j -a c 0) £ c 0 r^. a. cn e rn o CJ 4-1 CM 00 CM 0^ +J u O CTJ « CU 4-1 4-) C CJ QJ £ C O 4-1 d. c £ OJ O S-4 U J-i a 3 u CN CN OJ u 3 GO •H 66 > h- ~l 1 en D3S/WD i c_^ 0) r^ £ d> 4-> rH v-l l-J m O OJ CN s time f 7 o c t o y r» 'J c r-i c/) c > o 'Si G 4-J rH O CX r-1 OJ r-i Cu "C r-i r a ture t io n 7 > oj ca 0 Cu 4-J if) 2 , and tern ep t h at S O 4-1 "C ro coraponen at 2 00 m ■^r > CN po nen t , n t meter 00 e 3 0 CO Z ■H •C (N OJ r-l JZ 4-1 1-i QJ H >-4 £i t-i O E > OJ 0 O E Z CO ■H c CN fC W m ro 3 C 0) O CU T3 > CU J') CO o 4-) I— 1 o ex r*» OJ CN > CU 0 u S 3 00 *f ■H CN PL, 03S/VO D3S/VO 69 A o CO en CM m CN CJ o 0) o CX i— I CD CX X3 0) CN C O •H 3 4-1 01 X 4-1 oj ra CX 4-1 6 co OJ 4-1 4-1 -a c JZ ca 4-i ex * .u 4-1 X) C cu E c c ^o e cm c a 4_i 1-4 ~ CJ 4J 4-1 C CJ ai g c O 4-1 ex c E CJ o x a x 3 3 CJ CM CJ X 3 00 a o 1-1 4-1 03 4-» in 0 B CO vO i-l CO T-t r-1 n a 4-1 J£ p. 4J H current h 19 80. m >, a rH of hourl on 3 Mar [^ ickplots deployed u 4-1 .H 04 < d e x and s Station 7 U3 c CN e 1 1 ing I e t e r s at O CN r-1 e 27. Point Sur Up the current oo o CO 3 u ■H 2 n aai^O > MHHB -4 a en D O vO -CM U 0) ■u c o « o Will 03S/VO o L-L..1. D3S/W3 r> en r^ H 3 CO r* M o QJ •H > 4-) re CO jj Hi c/a O , , i_i r*» ex cO cu - M u _^ ^ i—* *— • n OJ (0 T3 !-J rH OJ E < e m OJ rH HI rH TJ 4-J c CD CO V-i VO „ a; • (N HI hi o C 0) 00 0) E a> c rH o 4J ex c jr £ OJ u o u u O o u ra CN 3 £ > CJ en •» 0) w rC c c HI O OJ 2 r-l tj o O QJ *T rv H >, iH ~ o o 01 rH a E fX H J-4 CO 3 H 4-1 CC 4-1 U TO U 0) r~\ cu a ui o < and teni nt meter arch 198 >0 « o S CN ompone n t the curr e d on 3 O u ^ CM Donen t , V s t ime for on 7 deplo rj" , r-\ O IX) 4-1 0 ^ CO 01 -J 3 > CO • Osl CO o CO S-4 u 3 m ofl X •H m D3S/WD 73 UJ 4-J 4-1 C- O 0) h "a r*» 0) >-l rH • 3 n ffi 4-1 on r-« a: ct> i-l 4J rH U a) ca <-{ 0* < and temp n t meter 5 January CM oraponent , t h e curre loyed on O CN on e n t , V c time for tion 7 dep 0 . U comp versus at S ta 00 o ro 00 dJ u ri P-i 03S/VO D3S/WD 74 APPENDIX B: SPECTRUM ANALYSES OF ALONGSHORE FLOW AND ON/OFFSHORE FLOW Station 7 Meter #762 Depth=152m 5 Jan 79 * 2 on/offshore unf iltered ■*-**-*- i'i T - "*■ fft A 1 li A^\ - - I. It miouihCi icicles ft", houai alongshore xlO" 8 3 2 fRtouENCr icicles ftn houai Figure 31. Energy density spectrum of current meter at 152 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 5 January 1979. 7 5 Station 7 Meter #842 Depth=223m 5 Jan 79 xlO 4 B 3 E 2 on/offshore unfilter'ed i fi ■■■ * 8 *!■ i ti an* "* " i r- frtOUEMCt ICTCLtJ f£A MOUHl alongshore unfiltered l^wWa ■».....*■ »r...v. .f. ,., \ i.im i fMOUCHCT ■!■ A on/offshore unfiltered [kw a,«r'i ■*■! « n >..i»*i.«Vn.fc.» m j it rncsuCNCr icicles rm kouai xlO" Figure 34 . alongshore .Z.O unfiltered icyo 7.50 5J0 » V> i [t!A^A^.M^»^»/ *Y.rUVV»,h/W^t»l.«i'nrtAT 1 | , ■H,l 1 ■ I ^Ak. rncQuENcr iciclm rcn nouni Energy density spectrum of current meter at 241 m depth at Station 2 deployed on 23 April 1979. 78 Station 7 Meter #2760 Depth=158m 7 Jul 79 5 xl°_ ; 3 on /offshore utif iltered * «V^.. rntoutNCi (CiCitJ P{« mouxi alongshore rniouCNcr icicles rcn houai Figure 35 . Energy density spectrum of current meter at 158 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 7 July 1979. 79 Station 7 Meter #842 Depth=231m 7 Jul 79 on/of fsho re :10" 20 15 10 a 05 unfiltered ^ly, *,. . - ., ...,,,,,- -[' V- 1 - - - mi ■ - -i.- FMSulKC! ICICLES nn nouni along sho re xlO" s 4 unfiltered I 3 i- : i ■hM^\ ^^ ■'/*w»i\. m />,,■! i./V/.i A „i. ■ in r*i » i* • n FBSOutNCI ICULC3 FCA HOUAI Figure 36. Energy density spectrum of current meter at 231 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 7 July 1979. 80 Station 7 Meter #762 Depth=356m 7 Jul 79 xlCT 4 3 ^ on/offshore unfiltered i . »*A/ww. eaaJLa /M»_ ,.»».*,.»/ 1. ^nrt .1 i —i i .in n.ot a. to o.is FrtEOUlNCI ICIUES PER HOUR! 20 3 15 & 5 10 I 05 :10- ■«.«AJ. alongsho re unfiltered 1 I h f^«i i/ — zim - - i - - - i i ■ i ' iii fAEOUEhCI ICICLES ttn HOURI Figure 40 . Energy denisty spectrum of current meter at 127 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 7 October 1979. 84 Station 7 Meter #842 Depth=200m 7 Oct 79 xlO 15 10 05 :lJ fBtOUEKCI ICIUtS H* HOlhi Figure 42. Energy density spectrum of current meter at 194 m depth at Station 2 deployed on 24 November 1979. 86 Station 2 Meter #1319 Depth=266m 24 Nov 79 20 xlO" 15 10 a 05 on/offshore un filtered J^A^^^eJ^A ML k t.l.'S.M-'j. ArfA- «.n t.ia i.i% rMOUlnCI ICUUS H* HOuAl AJWt i* .I » : 2 r Hi : i xlO 1 Figure 4 3 . alongshore unfiltered - n**„ r. m,\*S»l I — II l» ,Mil» i Ifc fwoutHCi iciCLIS rtn nouni Energy density spectrum of current meter at 266 m depth at Station 2 deployed on 24 November 1979. 87 Station 7 Meter #2760 Depth=113ra 3 Mar 80 200 300 1200 on /offshore unfiltered ■W\A\/\ rSA. ~^*>— -A ffl£0U£NCr ICICLES PEA nOU«l alongshore unfiltered AaaAV\A .w^.A^A. aAaaa^a fhioj£h£i Icicles rcn noun) Figure 44, Energy density spectrum of current meter at 113 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 3 March 1980. 88 Station 7 Meter #842 Depth =186ra 3 Mar 80 xlO on/offshore Z3 unf iltered « 20 , i 15 - u [ 10 ft 1 •A X u 2 05 2 UaJ y ^.^,,-^1^.^... . Q.M a ie t.ll FftEQuENCT lCTCL£5 PIft HOURl xlO" a 3 Figure 45 . alongshore unfiltered yvv.~....iv»iVA. i% ^i,i^^ t\iStf% . fMQUlNCI IClCLtJ ttn KOuMi Energy density spectrum of current meter at 186 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 3 March 1980. 89 Station 7 Meter #762 Depth=311m 3 Mar 80 20 15 5 10 s s 05 c s e xlO a/VTu on/offshore unf iltered ■*■ ~K\ •■»<•'-■** tflQ ,-• ,-*-r-r • zA. ffitQothtr ICICLES un houHi alongshore fSlOuthCl tUUtl TEN HOUHI Figure 46. Energy density spectrum of current meter at 311 m depth at Station 7 deployed on 3 March 1980. 90 APPENDIX C PROGRESSIVE VECTOR DIAGRAMS >^ .D o CO CD a; T3 CM S fa en r^ vO CN •^ en r--» m co B P rH CN CO u >> a II 1 • M >H M X C vt VO CD ■U CL »-) oo + N o o CO w o 01 IT) -U <\1 <1) o B o Jd >. S-i CO u 3 CO >-< X l-i 0) CD fa +J ■0) CO a CN ■u o c •u 0J u ?% u u 3 crj CJ 3 C QJ co X, •n 4J ON >-i O e 4-1 0 S-i e m co M i->. M ca c •H o ID •H 4-) M CO o 4-1 4-1 00 CJ 0J 4-1 > CO 4-1 •H a. en cd en TD CD Vj E • 0£ o^ O r-s r^ !-( CN C> Ph i-H H . O CO X3 CO ca a) CO Tt CN E fa "■v. "-. s co e CO cn >o CJ c =«5 CM CN >> o II 1 ^£> vO i-l •H U J2 C • CN ca 4-1 CL »-) i— i + o in a o 4-1 CO M cu 4J 0) g 4-1 0 c 4J 01 M ^ l-i l-l 3 CO u 3 e o> CO ,c n 4-1 ON M O 6 14-* 0 >-< g <4H CO M r^ oo CO C ■H o -a •H 4J M CO 0 4-1 • 4J 00 0> CJ r^ 0) 4J o> > CO H 01 sz >, > 4J u •H ex CO CO 01 3 CO TJ 1-4 01 -Q u g OJ 00 fa o CO (-4 CN v£> fa CN CN 00 ^r 3 00 •H fa 000 0050 kilometers 010a 0150 92 N Q Q O o ON r^ a) o 03 c 0) >. 3 CO CO *n ►n ~^» T) M3 E s CN CTi i-l CTi CO o CO c ^ i-( 1 CN «— 1 >. 0 II 5-1 • o 5-i •H l-l X. a. r-< • CO 4-1 a CO r-H 4J CO CD 4J > co •H W 4-1 CO CO cu 5-i .c to 4-) O ex 5-i ^ D c/1 m o\ *~i ^ T1 i— 1 6 E CN CO r-4. i— ( CN i— 1 u CO ti •>S= CN 1 >tf i-H >% 0 II V-4 • .-4 *-l •H u s: a o • CO 4-1 (X CO 1-4 l> + o LD kilometers -0150 •0100 N m U o 1-1 0J M_l > •H CN CO 01 c 0) o >-l •H ao 4-1 o CO u 4-1 P-I (71 • o LO CU l-l 3 DO -0050 000 94 r«« u w >> M CO C3 o 3 w •o vO E < *"«^ r-~ r^ 00 B CO CN m o a ti =tt= i-i on CN 5*. o 1! 1 • t-i V-i •H u JS rH CN m 03 u a t-j CO f 0) •U CD 0) A 00 X Q C\ i> + N o LTl a o o o -0150 -0100 -0050 kilometers 03 u u to OJ »J •w go 0) 3 E < u o c rO aj u O n 4-1 3 o >1 rH 01 3 r-; •n 4-1 CT> M o E 4H o n E 4H 03 M r*». 00 03 3 •H 0 T3 •H 4-1 H 03 O 4-J 4-1 OQ V a) U > 03 a) £1 > 4-1 •H CL 03 CL) 03 T3 OJ (-4 E • 00 en o oo r-* 1-1 m on P-, rH rH m OJ r4 3 00 •H Pn 95 N ON as 4-J 03 o o rn a U (J) a) 3 0J 3 5 < as r*» o 03 60 » 0 II I • v-t U 1-1 H J3 iH O CO cfl 4J (X '-J en v-i + -0150 -0100 kilometers -0050 000 4-i a\ C CM CJ 1h o >-l 4J 3 u >^ I— I a) a o ON O S <4-l CO S-i 1 — 00 CO c ■H o T3 •H 4J )-i CO O 4-J 4-1 CO CJ 01 4-1 > CO 0) > a 0) -a w CO 01 >- E oo O H >-i co Pi CM CN LO 3 O0 •H 96 N o CO d o « ■U C/3 ON 3 (N E< nmo % n n vo ll i • £ H CO 3 to en T3 0) u d. n en csj OJ II || Q OMC1) l> > cu + 03 i — i t CL 01 -d B vO m m u ea S-J OJ 4-1 OJ E 4J c cu • U tTv j-i r^ 3 cr> U r-H QJ 4-1 x: en u 3 oo >j 3 o < U-l O 6 en rd M 0 oo w 03 •H ^ TJ -H 3 (-< -l O J_l ON CJ a) E > O j-j !-i 0) U-l d) > j-j •h r-. -l -u cu > CM * > m 4J Q. on vO a) 4-1 0) o> cn II II w S Q CNlCD l> + N a in m o o O m a o (\J O CO J-l 0) 4-1 0) E o lO >X> 1 — 1 • .Tl 4J ' — 1 03 3> H U 01 l-i u 01 0) rO E £ 01 j-j 4-1 c ex 0) 0) !-i en u 3 i— 1 CJ i— i 0) o .c 4-1 4-1 >> J-l H 0 a y-i •-) E ro ca CN S-i ao s ca o ■H !-J ID M-4 >-i CN O 4-1 c CJ a 0) ■H > 4-1 CO 0) 4-1 > c/0 •H CO 4-1 CO CO OJ V4 X w 4-> o a (-1 cu Pu T3 a) 3 •H •0150 -0100 kms ■0050 000 98 CJ\ P>s W CX o >> 0) 0) TO a\ CO CO -0 i-< E "■x. CM co r-» co b CO i-i CO t-< o ti ***= CM 1 CO >•» 0 II i-< • r^ k • r-l p X 3 0) 4J "-5 r-J • > CO 4-1 a, CO i-H cu ■u CU QJ CO II II GO S Q CMICDI> + 99 8 o o o 0) e o N Station 7 Meter #2760 Depth=127m 9 Oct- 29 Nov 79 9=68.1 V=5.05 cm/sec + every 3 days D00 0050 kilometers Figure 56 . Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 127 m depth at Station 7 from 9 October to 29 November 1979. 100 Station 7 Meter #842 Depth=200m 9 Oct-29 Nov 79 9=70.6 V=4.07 cm/sec + every 3 days 020O 025O kilometers Figure 57. Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 200 m depth at Station 7 from 9 October to 29 November 1979. 101 Station 2 Meter #1965 Depth=194m 27 Nov 79-16 Jan 80 9=279.8 V=6.24 cm/sec + every 3 days T N -025O -020O -01 50 -0100 kilometers ■005O o o O o o o in o o w 0J •u (U E o Figure 58 Progressive vector diagram for the current meter at 169 m depth at Station 2 from 27 November 1979 to 16 January 1980. 102 o 00 ts CO •n o en 00 CD CO CT\ T-l en T3 r-t E 1 ■-^ CN ro vD ON 6 m r-l MD r-^ u C ^ CM >. o II > vO u 1-1 u X o iH vO aj ■u CD 4-J IS • • > CO 4-1 a co CN ai 4J + ~~] -0040 en OJ E o 0), -a S£> o • CN a 30 4-1 CTN c-a H ^ >> 0) r-l 4J CO 0) 3 E C CO 4-> n a cu 00 u rH u 3 o o 4-1 0) ON ,c r- 4-1 ON rH M 0 M <4-4 00 o CO Z •H TJ r- CN ^ o E 4-J O O U CN OJ > d •H o ID «H cn 4-J CU CO Vj 4-J Men o P-. CO CTn 0) u 00 •H kilometers -0020 000 0020 0040 103 O 00 o CO u ■ r» c~> E m CN T-i io y c =fe l-H i— i in >» o II i • r-l m •H u X u o Vt cu 4-1 CJ 4-J 1 r-4 • > CO 4J a en •si- 0) 4J CD 01 II ll co X Q sa- a> l> + N o IT) CM O 8 o o LO -oioo -005a kilometers o o ■-H o o IT) CO o l-i o 0) ■U CO OJ r; > 4-J •H a. en 0) CO T3 cu n 6 M o m 1-4 H Ph rH 000 o 0J >-4 00 •H p4 04 o CO O u b CO ce CO CM o G =Sfc rH r-( r-» >* o II 1 • CO 1-1 -rA U X! J-J CO CO u Cug 00 CO a) U cu a) II II OQ *~ Q + -0060 -0040 kilometers -0020 000 105 o 00 o V4 a) CO ex w T) CM E < ^ r^ MD r-4 b CO r^ r-l o o C ^ en r-l >, o II 1 r- U tA U JS U CM v£> « •U a 00 CM ca H i-i i-H 0) ■H u !-i OJ a. 6 < ■u O a) (-1 4-1 3 o ,C a cu 'h ,C ca •u s M 4-1 ro OJ > £ •H 4-J W a I/) 0) ^ ^ r_ V— -q. ~ 0. ^ UJ>- CC JJ r _i > — ■*J. • —•1— •«" <=ilU 1— ~u _J _-»'_) — I Hi -i] ijai' — "• X.--T ii_l'>0»•' — n • •* • m -ti ^^_,V)_ >— L.J LOLU uu Cj 7T.-C- ►-or O— ' C3LU •" JjLU < — >^:oo — (_JLU 2-^: <•• j>^;>— c -UJ»- .«(_))— 1— LJCC ^-_UJ LC I— ) o^: •-_J u_t— — . LU<-~u-J •—i i_j t— cx re .— ich y- o1— ~~_; w— ^'- 3 •tl^o — < f~ U_ L_l LU LU ■jooi— ^ruj^r^-tX'- — m — -~ u-i^ua in<_joj »i— i— ol — IX — LL ""C fjf U_l>— l LU-— .—I—* — •! — IX' ^ I— LL. t— — • ,x(-u>-iiijq:-'u.i'mh^'-,-|u i— _>xm —i a !•— "q.(M -—•—»-* (Xj 2^ ooa jll'J x _juj i— >r —4 '/.U-'U-.L — II — i — UJ >~l *• s£ IX1— I'X. k— CI. — ' f" _i | — UJ ix v;'f\— i— U '_)'„/) ■— < ^juji.u ^UL"«lm^i 'LrfL.(.; IX _-n~~-rjr— <-\_— — -n«l- V .-j^-s^/v, . . IjUHh^>U '-K! lu uj '— — ' J- -— <>- »jx — < l/lwlJXll I'NJfM'M— 'T^IZT) " •••"II ^ X V —III II V-O >- >— i i— ijjij_ilj«^ yz i— c x. "~lJx xcj — j— 'i/t •"(•jO'***" —— — I — I — I I — ' _) 5^LU.Xl II _> II XC3_"? M — i — \ u x — • ♦ a- i— • ►i/) —5 — u —•— r- •—> (_)r— >- •> _, »L_K ? X 11 ^U 1 — JJ LU >— « t x ^r — • >: t— lUU-IXIU. LJ •• X— ce — QlX r-H- iu LJ •• r.it- ■!(• !!■ OO V — ' '— ) 00 ^v •- ^v_l^ II < — 1 JJ u_i_ _J .. -^ •"LULU II — IQ-) •• Uh X LXIX < IT II X — c?*— — «— • ""'OLU ~) X UJ O 107 ro, CJ _<<1 » ClCG — •-C3 •_".u i— H/J t-< -••—< QC — f* I — r^ '•7 — on _> II o-j II a o LJ II ll l-£) ci p LU LL y— _J LJ 2. LJ^ a: * LL LL II < — . •- i— \a_ >— LL.2.-"£ uju. . — ,— i ■• oj — ■. — . O^- <~o + + •— <2-0 CO — < *" ►— • — i^OLL,**' — ■v-i'—" — ■*•— I — — O LU — h- £2 h- — L3 - - - ca ■-»—•»— i — a_ ^ ) >— < rt • « — • ►— —J -j_j — * i — •> ,_> — ^J — ' LL I U IX OJ _J l_U ' "' U LLI •— < ~*_ •*■ _J M. LJ V. |_J i_) | — IJJ !_J — iul-.»■« I— — l_JLJ_J_Jt.»-Q -3-3GI- jmuQO i^'JUQ'J'J DCJ^^JLLGn:ZZ^ GO OGG oOQf 'jTJJO. — V ^*iuluiu LJ LL' CL 108 I— 7H • lu O CX _l LU CX -J OO + _o — — • • J rx oo Z :o • lX oo < oo LJ UJ LJ > LL. fX w < »- ex 2: r— U* 2. ex >■ —I Luiy>— - oo _j in _j w ex. ^ — « lj rt(J ITl < --* <5 LU LO f— LU 'JJ LU "> I t— _J l/J (J U «/> —• -~ uj«-r — o >— i— O CX00»-4 >— i CL— —. — -, OLU— — 5- 0 » r? i/l T1 'X o' # — > ^T" --» O ^ ZT — cl >> "^ O i_i •— ■ fNJ <\J y Q V • >3" ■» — 4 i—i i—i • O • C-3 Q T> # > »— V— X •« • >- UJ LL'lu7^^j-~ n ■ — oo Lt- | >- *V\J— /"> t— < •— « PJ *u J^ uj -^_ *-u r— -— *— - QJ »■ • | » rj jrj •. uj >. w» ^^ - CX J_ CX Cj CJ Cj LU < — — — LLvTh-00 H- uj— • *-i «u. f— a. ^ ~z 7C >— oocx — — u-\ lu— < ► — lj o\ — ex -c — • _•-):- | o^ •.•,.. o a. lj tnr- o — > o -h <_jrk— — — - cx^coll au •-—•)<- cr u_r- lu r^ cc < r- ■!> -~- •ex i-h-huuj -^_i. >— ^_" o:_slu oolu CJ— < CJ uc • v-J "~* "~* oiltn^h — i- i—i in oi-'-nf- o«y. ^^r.— lj — >— ■ ^: * * -m. + — - _i — • • LJ "-a i^i ,•><. _< (MmJ ^J i— • 35. «_> n. I — LJ,VJ'"~ * *- + ,— ' -E-XU» rr >< "M. »— ■»■— tvuivj u_ _£ ~— w *t •— MfV|!_j zC <\ — ' Z 12 "17 — ' — < h- — 4-H-X-?— — in^CM • »0 .~-^J>— • II I — ^^"1 — I — — .-t- — •' — , — , i — I j t ■ — -a n- || ii ii — « — >. OO' •— i LX >. — ' — ■— i U ,tLL-H — i ;j) -i OUH OOUL Cj—< ^ cX ^'JL J«- ^— 'S.— 'O rx (\to _i (_>vu o rvi'Nj c LTi in CT- La ^-i uoo ooo uuju oo cud lj 109 CJ X. h- X X. a ■k o a: X — X -— X c "■■* •» o O CX c> m ■— 1 o •—t in , \L UJ CC 2. sO U >-• h- — i— + H- U-Q. — II >_ UUQ e*n£U_ ii r3^>-z: 110 ooz — » .>-_< o h- >— o D"U •> "•-3 Q LULULU — -^ ^ oo or :>: LJ — < — i 3 *-!•— • o-— X i— CI .ooo Ol— <•—>>—(/? r— IIJJ X> ^X oocc iju LLI— LJJ UJ rf. h- LU » di-t::- or — _j_I Xlu "■O— <'—OZ —OO >U_ •-LJ OOO CJU. — c_?<-- tl-JUJ4 CK. •—•*_> ^^- Ui'J — CXS i_JCJ> LJI— LU lu ..r: or U "••— LU>-l^. - rji*-* »■ h-qo uj C-o— . -"OO rvc 0. — »— * _)—(/>'" 00^ — ■CI •<. — "_> — * ' — " > f J l > Ol' 2 I LL. oc CL '1 C 1—1 .?_ >— ' lj r ^lll »LJ LJ— 1— cj a:33sc ~or— 1 O0<_J — 'O- JLL iu u I COX •" 3 0 SK.0-HC3 -C 01 >- •— ' J> — < J — «t— I >. l_j l« — cc — I c_— - zc *>r~*. :Orjr t_)^»— > sC -— <•— • ■»J J. t— uj ■— •— - f— LU UJ <£ <. j . J _ LJvO>— (_j_3 LL.-} 'JJ «-l OT LJ t— oe OO — " or > ua LJ< uj LU oc a? on: ?□ •—u_ 00 |/1U •— • rfi ■>. LU UL LJ PT LL.UJ 3J 00 2. LU _) <1 — ■» CJ L 1 o— — '(M LO^J — ILL'OO ^-— - — ^- — — • w^ QL «J *— ' ►— 4 11)—^ >— < >— ' — < — < -"x 1 1 —< 1— < LJ u — « or ju, 'i — u-2 iujrr.tT •— • 11 — 0')oJ_ QOOLJ.^I — LUC/"— ' LJO. I— UJLL UZ — ' LU — r~ 1— N.'JJ <1 2.-J H- ^r: LJ a LJ-I a. jc 1— 0 UU LJ LJ CJ — • LJ — «r;i— c: •^ '—' — » • < • — Ul>— • u. -1. 'u ->_ m ■jr 1 X'" — ' ' U ">J LJJ_vJJl ••" •» i/j <* ^* •— ^v h- r^ LU«— ■>_ • — « OO^-'LJLJ^- x< LU CJ — O ^»— OD _ICj >— ir: —* LU •* -^ CJ • -5 LL-LULJ -»a. r— ^r CJ "-» O'Jt— •00 LU _J < • "^ Xi — • O •> Cl'J • • IT, LU 1— H-O • > — 1 X LLI 1 rxicx^^ju^ ■——J U. •— — 1 • — ' 'W— f"L '• LJ.J — or •— • — 'J *4.— ' >. (VI — H ; ■* >— • ~' rrj 0 —* _J — ■ — 'MJCJ.V— T». LU — . — U — * a. -Jludtx or a. lu h- ■—•CD " ■— ' lop^z:lu-'/>ll< 0. "—i — j - 1 U-'r- -~ + 1— :' — h- cr. cc — « ^^LJo'JCJoO LJ U'— '1 — t -5 'jj'-: % ci < uj ll X "" * UiJ- II u- 11 u-Tai 3l: ' j ^ j_ — •— • •— • «T.— 1 —)~-' —}UJh- r— UT^ O (M r^, OOU'J'J uou 0'_)<-JLJlJ LJ'-) JUL! 111 z: UJ ex > cC * 1-4 < » Z ■*. uj ►— u_ h-iX. I-O t- nra: u j aizu >— LJ t— X <1 -JIL'U u • > ul. "• •» — j» cc :x ■<£ 0<— i cj •« 'J- I— > >— X) '-J LJ u *— v > — • + l— > X •» LJ UL — < i/)i/1CJ • — »mm-^»« ll —J 12 jl *— • I— Q X •• UJ oi > mo^UQ "rfi j_ t— ia 3 d - aii- t— uj nil— i— O or 71 a£ O O O Q UJ OJOG 1-— i<±17T. • •• ~>'r> o ^c — ' o X •» .. c r^ t> X "— i — J- ,~" X +■ •» ct on i_)(/i^O(^J,— — •— i • •—>-l • <_j 3 — ■ C «-*n'^r>i — ■* ►— *— • — ■» ^ .?- rj JZ LJ uj 0*1 '." ^ t <"»■ iuT-v — »_j_j — . ,n —in. « * oj ►— i/)f3 ^» — — '-—'—' — -irj. j _j -,n •jl •> > — » ul l_j u. — ^. i_j «"« t_i i_j ■ " — *■ ir. at. ■*■ r— 3 ~t_ I— " CL (O UJ >.'•—■ •— — I • •>~^-— I •— •._*>— ' — la. u soa •« co zo — + cjt-joe? -»• — glj >— ^c j_ o-> j_ oj •• on o o -• i_j - > z z: • • " rx cX r— ex '.n >— • uj o tt tr. ■ — 'C ^- — -^ ,zv— a. , o. • a. • • + i — i | . • ♦ cl >-J -tx • z: u-i i— 'U_'— Q(_j | — -UJUJ — u.i LU o-)>^> Q. ^T— LUH- Z rr: — I <— • <_? I I —< CCU CC SI 00 r- p^cC r\J-— U_ I LJ • ' — ' • ■ •■ — > •"""•' — •— •— ■ • • *— ' Cl UJ CL -X S) — mjlo_i uj— i */i>_j — a | rj| +m -jnu-^a uj CL — "CJ-' "1 o-lt—Lj. ^ u_ o^v-4 rf + or j i — i i ■ — • . — i '^-j |li_ji_JrNlllrM vi jj uj n ~c - i—i •— u- X — < 'i.LJi — LJ ■> •>-»"— t— i— • — — 'cr*— ;x ul i — UJ k- « _J Ct -JJ _J ll*C>— — lu LJ'— ".J — — ' T5 lj fX~*XX ii txj ; — • — •• _> ^ i_i » y— -» lo_jcx ili ^ ii on _j >r (_;r.3-^ ci lj i— — ■o'. — — ■— unr ■)•— o1— -^ttz — — ' <3 • ►— -JX3 h- II fM LJ — LU r? • -ii a.— ii J-J'-j-- -_j'J_jC— -T— r_j«-— :i— lil" ";►— 3 X T uj'J /iux 'jj i-HJOQaj _j X— 'i— :; — — -j r ■— oi o—'j'JO/ii-ujj u i— cd ex a.a.— ' O-1 h- Q_ -Z3 — a: 01— tn •. h- ~~ "—1. Z> — a: — ID"— t_i - X — ► on — »— MJ Q. (/).£ Q. > X — -ID »■■» •» '/l *■» i — mj n (/* on uj — a i t— t— I -wi — •CI — (_) (— u. uj ^ ► -i ^ ex.— "^-JT" fi- I— X LU LU — -O— ' 5T< Ooo<>o LJ UJ (X — ' o o l-H UJ 5: z> rr_ a h- — II LL' o _ w n i ^ — , a 3 LOi-i>-HJ'* ■ — ' i — t — > • — ■ «Uuji.Ji.J •» •IT! »XX — QiC^ — I- I— ID — <*0<-tt — — — :>r°'— — -2*o^LUZ> — + • CJ *-> — i_J t— LP — LU<.-— L^LJ-J — • — >_> oc _) -it- -;;• ^: c >%i -»^ • C*. ~— — •■— -— ■ — >— n — — ».-%j — ' I J. LJ-^-^l— It «. — H-J-"*1 — *L_l' .J'.J' M— ' UJ ) — — • r. >— • LL >— < > ■ II ; •— ' — i'J_f.L — t — * _} _JO0 '." T>IJ.' •< LCY — "i^'X— "lO" •— t--— !■— 't— t'J>l --^i_i_^-i— 1/1 LU I— o >_ LoaQ.tti-i< UJU ^.-^ I — « n. 2- + O ltlh ■<• "-4--»--t-r^T3_3 • .~ r\J r°, i ^^ aj_j t: i— clchid ^lu1— — iw- «r' :zo<-",i— -) ii ii n ii ii ii ii h i| zj n ^< —i ,inrl.<.T/u.ux~--^'ii"^ JCD ii ii QO n Hivjri ^ '^ nO r- ro o^ "J — i oo^» _) a_cj<>i— «ui- 0^*3: •c^J_'J-^^.XLJ-^3_, -DID— >:di3JX5X j> o r\i . — i ^> is- ■«■ w " M • • • • • u «"T 1/5 X 3 LLIf.3 >— oo 0 oo ►Xuj a. X ccoo>— a: y-'Z^Z- > UJ X LU 2 -3 x u ^xx-j- a _l J_ CL UJ n i j_ ^J. •>>—>_ U_ | •• > X ^t_juj— i — -^ — CC LU o,J- <* ^0 (\J _J :x — • r— * • u a juo a. * LJ X X -J 2! ^v — °c •> OU.X) • — - — — u a cuu x) o>-»-> u X u- x<£ o: h- ••— U.I o^ OOOt/) Z) + O > ^ cC >- LU a co^cc t I— rn^w- "Z h- + 7? LU •■ n _jLU z? +■ »u x cc -iai/)_J'/5 •*. ->«. ■*• rvi ["£ f\l vi i — [\j-fl-tX>— Ll_ <— l/>n*-" "^ OCi— ' • * +1M— O. ujuj ^; — — ^v > J in • — o U1 z *~ < *JC r-5 xx—1 t— a) — 'XX Cd • •■ <^CJUJX CL (NJfNJLL 4-rg- iu j mo xT'w — — >— ~ — < f— ll. _)•—•(— at; — i xx » i— »x — o r^uJ (O M r\J ~)X •> CL OLT' + -J0X • • I— X>— ng>— _j _JiJJ XI— 1— \ 4- X^X ^C -rf| — , -~ (NJ-W- — UJUJ LJ i.JJI — -^ LJ— » Cl Dl^ILUUUJ C--~ — ' — —I ~f~l U O • .> . -~cNiro vTLf^O — -»(— «^JO X •— O — X<^ i^ ^.'-•aioor. Zoo — ' • *X - •— . -o +. r\j— —■ 1 + +• + + + r-cc 4- ^11— •• +■ X'-^X • 1— H-i— X <3 ^-i_r— c XOv-" •— C~- —1 +—' + >—<•—'_—'.—,-). 4- —1 4- en ~~~ — Za."v vli o° t/: i— LUci oicl— ' t\i cc *•—* 1/) — > •*-"-<——■— '-^ ^- ■—>•—•!— ••_J— 3— ) "J •- CC —-.—(>_ ^- >_2_ >_r^ >_-w---^-— • 00^— — -~- out— LJO •• uj LUCJ^'tQ- —" 0000 - x ^ i.U 00 'J 11 •,> li_i7_ ujuj ijju-ju_) j>_ ?_ 11 -p- 11 — i— 1 — >_^xu\x X -^ uj_) ^cy— — — 1 — 1— < j_ 1 — ►— — «l — OJ 1 — H- f— H-K- LULU— •— .X'lL ICUJ UJ"— — —1 •— ■— t ^ ! J- LJ '-D LJ or. -fr LL LL - •••— ' 1 — U(J > ( vj j<- r— n- ■«■ # -w -ft h- f— '■ m~0 _' _J _;_3ii.i_?^ — ■nu--' t— »— \_)s.'-i^ -lja -n- -— i ^, -— rj [_ 3 ' l^^ri — - ' w|_^ j^ _^._..j_) ~;— ■ - LL 0L '/' LJ X — I — * _( —> c c c n CM LO C- «.5 X<- ? UDOUUUU OU'J 114 4- 0 -T5S- "> + •*• • r--o > iri 4- JC >o • ;» (M -*• t- LO • J>C0 4- c>J vT ^i• ^> • * C\J r*1 4- > • 4- U iM ■!:- X. LT p» X t/i— . tx"-" TV u^r^J •» ~ XX ^r "0 — oo ^> — Q • — Ol/l Kix -< • > OLL ♦s •» • • o<-> -U* ro • — im — > I— — O (X • *• X Ol/1 □ ^J—l X -< •> — ox I— I •- «k ■ ■ • • _> X X (X -C* X Z. ► a ljj^ x Xlu — -> ►— m ► — — If"! I -< X I ~< 'yf X C ~* X IJJUJ X LUiiJ ^ro-— 1 — t— _i iuj^' 1/1 -~^1 ■— i/ij. - r> 1 — — • (_plu — .^ix •- — 'j^tu —• rn- rn-C I r\j>— < u^^c ~~ r*'- el*-.— 'M 'J"*_: — • ,—1 1 «.~-4_u »■ «— lplj .' — • —a 1 •-•— ixirn •» u^lj-^' — ■ • ""• C ■ + — •* » »— 1 * — 'a' »aomp • + .-— •■ • ~x 1 >— 1 "0.0100 • +■■—. >tC~o<\j »m «x o >*-< • >". -^sfOi/itNj »m »X - > «^T "COvj-o^txi I —<>— + c 1 ir> »• - ouo • i -t^ + o !>}■••• 10 •> oxo t 1 ^-<>— *■ II 11 ai/i^j - 1 »o _>--<— j ~x -c 11 i! a. 00— 1 - 1 «o •'-^ -J>— ' ~x »-o 11 11 0.00 — -~^^_ - . "OO *— K- oaux • o— ■ 211— - * -o •• ».— • x>~- — ir\j— -a. ■*■ +■ a^x.T — c - x>x ■— — — r— c — ac + + u *j __: ' — 1— ~_ ci + ■•■ O^ vit/iaw — ■ -^lu -u »• ■— '«-C3 ui/iQ,yii'iaw — 1— '^LJH-OMi/)^— L t J . — • I — — • ■ — • |r^J I— j_, — l-|_r-";rjh-l/l^j^i- —I —X *— J-H- "- >— 1 — ''".J a'idiOtUMWw _i_ " '-J.J->fV "X X*— '. JUU. ry. u-l.1. LJ~ *•»- '*" 'U UJ" X O. i-»J X X lX — ' • XX—' X xx<>ox O.C III JJJJCC ►— -- 1 + X"T Z > -J < -><<<<< M J!?. 11 — t--i x<,x< j> jlXu.u'jij<-iij ~ itiun'jx>- .5 o'J^uu zi H-mjuuuurD'J-O'J x>- uu'iuu-i X'-j-x X X x> 115 -> — Q • *- «> CML z - _ILU X_| -> m •. r-irO o r\Jin •* • • »■ o • ■a IT- • - (_> ■ •• o 2Tcn LU ~ —1 • X, <3 • m ' !JLU C£UJ IJ ' T. UJl_l — _juj-^J D.UJ •* ■ra. • •a (no ->(/lX •" rn» ""»*£ — - • -_J I • IT, • X - o i _> £L'.p-l LLIr— . I LI UL '^J a. uji— 2:1—0 — —on x^- + im- n ► ► -M _J-J-J_J_l'V>0 —1 »C£C LP' •* * "LULJ > • UJ-rO»m»_JX 00 •> OO-O «0 I vTXLT ;>r-t ►^ „C -H ** I - - OX •LUC — ••»•«■• ~»v— - Ci—— 'O 'CO •— H_) UU lO LJ — ' — UJ ' — I r— X I-- >— h~ '^ '-" ^ *— J- 'J. 'JLI'«J r— LJ Vj UJ •— ' !—•»—• '_J '-r. jj — 1 _j<4_jv--<_i_j j_ -«■ n x < r— _j — 1 i 1 1 1 — 1 — ' •(— •on 11 J^-Jh-Jjjjjjjou #— 1 — . I lM •> <\J - 'X 1 u U X _) -^ u- -' • ~- _J — < tx zj 11 II kj <£ _1|— O f— j <<<<*? 11 _jo 11 ^-ir-t u -^ Li j O'-J'^LU (M o 116 •. LU c O •d LU o Ul>0> oo fT UJ>- — 'C UJ o- — , ..— oO X LU ■O — h- XI— x>-x — ox CX LUOUJ U. (_3^ LU ^^ILt. •q. c J - ■2-<£ UU ►o-» Xx U>X T-4 0J ai U-JLUZ X— 1J ^2- xg o •— "— > uu 1— Ox CLLU UJ'J l— O *"~^ Q. IhM — I .— »«— (y)u_ X*-« 31 -OK X «— 1 x^cx" >LU x a: a. Oh h-X 3 .UJ iflO •» <— >>r\ ^ XoO Q-J • o?-x QU >— LU O >-0 ;jl 4L*-"^3 "j. c — ' "»-— — u^ OLi_J <->- M. — 1 or. cj .. uj--r a O ■— ■ O"— ^— « CJ <— >C LU — ►— _j (— cc •■ ■— 'O UJ (M ■C3 'JJ LU ^ ** o«/'C XX o f— — 4 <—> o — on LL >X ^~ ^a:x LLIf 5 Ol _|— -I/I --, -iU - y~ ~tl Pk c£Ox y U^ *~. — -^ ■ — ' «— . sO LI. .-.0 _>X 1 — 1 r.'3COf— CX II -_ ~_--^ UJOO _) — 1 LU >— < 1 — ( uj 3 ' 'J 1— ~> — i. — — • — :x — .— »r\j UJ — ■ • ' — ' '.U » XX K «l •■*•« 1 — • >— ' cr. u._• 11 ^_i»j — X>I _JUJC"£X — ' IJ XX 21 X y — rc lu I— — > I ex. :x c - —4 — )U-— » TC fNJ f^i — 'U- r-i X — — t a UO I— o< X1 • xxi u c; c^d; or -o CPf 'J | ^:a - — >— • LL I— >— 1 OO X — oOX X •— aim a t— 'vj ir\'n 11 LL -aj - — « xo: xcx >— ixx oh>h «— • — — ,*•* co t— x h-pi— «^» oo?, x " oruAi— 1 — uj x xxx t— jCCC-L >o-~ o •«— m— ^00 XXoO '/,— 1 • XX t/1 4- •*•— UJ — •■»■ -i: ■— < (_>u 1 (\li-X •XCL*-« *r • — •— — > ■ — — >^^_j •j_r-r-;j> 5/1 rT)i— » >-J >— 1 11 H — nr- ■— <•— 'a>. *— 11 — ^,. || ws-y. — .-—UJ II .-»"£_} — I— OCX. — h- uj_i a. — '— u_ — >— ■ • X'— • 11 1— n x u-— i •vi. f^—— II O. 'TXXfX — r-TT— 'I— — II II <-r> x 'y)inoo— • eta.— *y—^-* i| «-. — -^ — — .-> xt/r-" 1— — x(^'"-j— ' ^:o'-,^-, xlj->^— 1— x >o x— h- cj oooocj <£~?_^ oooooo cooouoa coo OO'JOJjj 0:0:0: , LU Zj n UJ uc LL O o L' I a pi \_p c; >- o cr _> C3 UJ a. u o: UJ — vt— — — — 0:0:0: 0:0:0: — " •— * C\J CM nT <1 <3 "y. CJO J» — <_JCj>CJ"JJXX. XCJX X X. li nujujujuiuuuvrijuu — IU j • • • • ^tj m C.U T) rLt ?J — _> -) 3 5~) U — < -ji — ^- — •■ — - — — 1 1 ) ' — 1 — > ; UJ— 'CJ _i_J_l _J_J_J 3: h- soll u_u_u_ < < n<« —< r-iwc/) — — h- o -u - - c o 00 (~: oiioc 00 • ~ 2: uxr 2. . ^ o u ►— 1 1 -»-• -^ ►— — -tj.^: «uj • a. mjulilj ^cc — < >- ;*-h-— <-"):X ) 'JcX_3_j •'S LL >■ 0^-001 -G.— ._J>— "V. ^U. — 1|— in— • >o^"JZ —i — ■ LJ'J--JU_<"-3_Jl 1 O'-'JwJOJ^ m o II 001— M 2. i-Q O JUL) OO UJ 0:00 CJl_J 1—7" — — 'o: o: x'jj OCJI— U_OJJ. 3 <=:^a: U CJ'_Jh- uc — >ooo0 — I— <3.<£ CJ OLU — *• uj a: 1— a a a qo CJ — i'jj OO ^CJCJ «• ■«* ar K O.CJ — ' '_1 UJ l— 1 UJ LJOO *■ u_i >— —i '—_J _j o: x •l/i ^ U_ CJ «4. • — X'U^'J _i rrcju'-' U — U.I l— a. o: 1— oruJ'U Q cj ca ^> j_ .^ H-2TZ3 '.j-OCHO 00 uj iy> cc uj u. rQh- rY_J _;UJt_j< OO^ILL?: CJ l— — * . — 1 LJ — » CJ LJ a. • 00 O •1 O or CJ 00 -<: •LI CJ Q.— I C/1 + II U- II cc OOcJCJOOCXJ 118 Q.LU Ol 2_LU V/J — « • * o in —i^ f\j» ^o -~>— — a -— H-t— -v - o H- UJO - •— "" II — LJ « 30-»* "•"'f H VJLJ t-J IJOUNA — ■— « UJ^i (J3 LU LUIPCJ »<— < ■> •"O1—' — i ex.— o- n» - ^> — ' 4- LLOOUM— ) -II |l (— — I • «i— ►— — - i i • 2 cxolulj ->;s:» oox ^UJ oil— i— o •» LUOaCO- —'"3 *- * OjOC ►-•ZO co U Q.OU I M hZX -O • »LJ'0 OTj"-"1 — I LL) »l^ •»<3' (/^ '""X*?" _»—« + or rx ■*. n . — t- — -— — ^ ji — u ilu -m*— «^_ I •— » •>— it— < • i—i U_OOcj ^j _JiM »■ » + 4- «*_ fMOO r\| • - «-co0uj_iu. • mm • _• — ... \ ii ii \ x >- — O —• :> ■*! ». ' m • « i\j — wf*7>r"? fM -~.v— H- — > i — ^>-'-*Ln LI J or. (,)wXnri— uiu.li.-j — —"—•—<— I — ■ — 'I » t I — < - 'U'JJO'J - -Li_ — C_)LJ • •■ — +U.U. ■*■ <£ p— u>i_Jor. *£- UJU-" - "* — < * «t— *— ■ .— < .— 1»— i.— «— i <— »-. Us^—l-t-iau II II a: + OQUU+ — cjo — z -z. X «-j>cx.lj oo f\j -)^Z • • >— DC CX •• CL h- 002TUJLULLI OO LU 00 I— — — 'LJ>— <_ loOr i CL • • 4- | <— • | • • ■+■ — LU O I— .i. —■ — I— -00(X LU(/)>h- fNJ + f.r N -^^. + .— iQvO.— I r£ —4 LU ~1UJ —>—>— \-»- i_u^^--a._ U_|— u.'- o >— .LT1 I I — ■ CrCLJO 0^ OCT JZ OT— ~ »— OCT >— I — - 00^ ~— I ^-^ •.-»—. — i— i • • — 33r\j + • <;^- ja □»>-□:- x"*-- - *;•— uj •— i ■"* r— k •— i lx. r i* — i— i— j vu i — i — t— — •— .<_)•• - •»» ,,1>- I ■ — •• — ' f 1 ||UiJlMlllvi ^—1 . — • — ■— w — — 1_> >— d,a i— !jj — 4 v i — i?— i_) ii + _jt— >— 'vj ^-i_;i_i» Lr^aJ- • - -n- cn ii or. — 'ur. rr M f\i_»'— < >— >i_j — >ij T3 »— it w*i ■— <2.ij_j n «m i— ^-.~<— • — a.-- — ;\j— »>■ *— — • fX — ■ •— I— D'Jni-1 JL-//^ 3 <■ || a. U -: 1J I— O -QM^.QooOLJjlOi- nc II ^jClllllllll^Cj uaiZ!-jLLJOl^UJU__3a 3."!J^GZ-J« — "LT-U 3QHC?: LJOOv-f— ■— ii— — LJOUO/JQuJU |o0u_U_ LL ^1 r3 LH O L.5 O C1 L.">Q O — •— :>:* ^rr.j— ii ^r^vjiu;.!^ '-»*: ii cr:^:— ' T ii ll'.l ii y 19 00 2. OlO • UJ •> _jr\j U • ;>-<_> <_> * • >o l_> •> --TO — ujro -, D • — T?- UJ LU — C LL _5 lu • (_J ex -x n_ UJ U_ 2- ac < x a: o __> < t_5 00 < UL K— U LL> Q. OO tjj u u. in un .__■ -_: 2- 2. —> -C < r- ► 1 CM 21 — •—i "CO — h- <\j Jul 3 - •-OM' i_i in — - LO ■K- II II in — M II «4. II iX 11 r 'T.ou -j. ■— « INJI*- LUi Ul -j l| U.I2. <■ — >•— 1 '\jr\Ji— ifN) — ipirvj- — -uj i_J.>_J -» 2: -cGLJ -.^ ► 1— 1 st- m — ■— e> ^i1— — * — ' •<\H—cf. — Z -— ' —* CM + ^v| i-vO JT ^ r-j^__v.O.— U LL y— LL- r^ — 1 •■ »• •— OLL— tO^:.— . .^I-K-LJ— ' • • t— 1 — 1 •— lm— • •LL^U ■» — ■ »-«.(J«->^4LU II i_M\l:_J~— CXI — ICl --I—.— 11 || 1 ~> 11 ••^C1— > •> l| <— ILU |l ■--»«— l > • ; — UJ lu ijj >jj •— • u_ _j 1— . — 1 • l~j LJ LL UJ a. OCU LJ-O —1.2 LLU »>t— 1 LLIL- DO LL'3 a_U_ LL 11 11 r- o-— • — » —*l M I 1 — p — . sT •— ' — > ~lU l_J V ' II »i IJ_ L_? •-* — ■— ' 1 VJ — ' *-" -U _J -J <£ rj— •— «r? ii 'jJtj'xi-— '_3 'L1— -^u-uj^ •'jj— CJn LL. O UJ Q. UJ U pgi— L__joi^-.t— m + un1— "r)>— _i_ji— 'n— ."in— >-*>-> ^fu_i— — -oi— 1 1 Tj g: mho q^^:u — 11 *: 1 1 - — • • — • — 1 — j ' — • — «;j 'aaj- acuj'-i^-Jr^v— Qca ■DU_rvl.il C-«i_(_j 'w)'_)(-j oljkicj— * .i:ul;j:u qu_>-'Q.u_>-hjjq. ll jeo'JL'jqc lulo I PsJ l\J o — I in c rn in CO vtnj m on m rMin in -L »-0- f— — ->u-r IJ^LL LU —J— 1 r— tn ■" —I OO * _J -^> o — -^ _) in— « < — 1 - a >^ _3 LJ a_ '^0 2. *i ?r. — • — 1 ^T LJ»J- I * ■"■ '-■' X -_. J-. fl- ""■ 00O. ■» Sr ,N-i * -C •«■ ^ -^ 2. L_J_JOvi(\|tNI^ 2I-J II H H H — 'j_j U -_>>_■ -£<£«=_: oou) 120 IH UO (Nl -«• -a- LL. *C Jlil -lu »u m no cnj< •»OH a: LL. 1.1 -o on i— i/i <•£ f— •« i— . X C_3 C2 Oi/l ZZh u-i LUZ I— K-X< U_«— LUUJ # Z. — 'U- _J — •» — I* ►— i <£. — II -n- — 4 -)- .— < — ( »— t — » ♦ ri. LU Ll_ — J — « i_l UL —I — > "3 -*.__) II (—h""— 'O ii o+ — — • ii ;«£—• 5^ _j_r'-^^ , — r_j .—.—i— I —* — ■—• u_ ^v; LJ C3 "^ '-' — urv,t +u_u__it— "' d are^'-ii— -~ (Nli-. |1 II — .£— -I— O'O ~D2_-H .-''D n ii c£-i- UJ r— ~- JL ZX + oo >_ x 3 o-> MJ a. x ->> * .OJ ->■»(• iy>— I -ft- LL O^ •X (NJ-tt- 00 — X^ * I LL •— » T II ' 0 II JL. <_J — * ^>^: <-'—•-?- * i——1 • _><_> ;^i— c— «oo ii 'xt II _j II O I| -: sj; ii 3is:a_ |i oillj ZUJQ3 -2C!*-~D-^ T" II 3T LHJ^'LH/ltOUKi/lXXXtlLL LL —• r-it— i— U_ "v I +■ O -C Jt. II <£** *U_ H —•II II — < P. ^ LL 00 •» a • ►— ii ce. -3 i— X. CL LL' * u co ec 00 LU LU h- 2 <£ i I— 1 UJ - -^ •* OO X ni fc ■B -> U 1 LU ■ a O i—i a LL t— *• oo •» II •• UJ LU o r\ T» rn -f _i > — . 1/1 (V » «-4. ■k > X rn '? cuo 2lLL. J*. < II LLIZT O0. S-< xu + r.i' >< 'S)'— "X II -» LLh- OOO — " II nr^,''7C? M II 'i — ' — — 3 • • • rvjn i %*■ tn x ii — ij ii it ii >.^;?_ ii "—x-DtMr^vi-ronrjrM XLLWJJDl/WWDD c c in »ni o O O UOu O oo cr 121 LU oo I/) Q. >. — -^ — cccvi •. to ->3 < f— •H- -><- — Q. t\jr\i ■ — Z nz> < to — -h- -«- UJ c£ h- 1/5 >— r\jmoo (J? UJ U. t— 3 00 -~T— f— < >^ Q. c + + + »-f\j2ir 0 — <-— ^ — _l —.— -rgrn^j- z:r?u_Li- - O <3. •t — 1 u. — <— OJJ u_^--~-»— '. u •"— ' •— • UJ r-H — V — * ~^ i ?_ ?c ■N.H- ^\ *£- •» ^.^- 11 *J. 2. *. **• . j _> _; <-u ^irMoti'i^- L— >^ ■JJ <— 'O — " + UJ 3 U_ U_ry)l/>t/J _J - j'.'jj H- — • h- —i -J Jl. J3>S) :; ■»*■ ii ii ii si "!X!/i?:x^ _;>— <£ Ji/1 •o _) £ ii *r r\j nif\mvT>-< ii -D ii Drux LJ<1:uJcjl u ^.OO (/I "-"^ra: ^JTJDh ^toiyio^ooZ) r^ -7" (—13 LTTLU II ,— 1 II i— <"? ii ii s:s :*: ■<£ i— ii a; ii ii >— LDT3 :£ — '1— OCT.? £ >: > Z uJh-Q m-rj^DJ ^(NJOrrr^LU ZJOKIU :? -3 — 3QJ'J ^lU^T ..DIDOOUIoOt-'U. _5_)_5 3CC UJOOLL. _SQt_3c/T,_) O'UCIU o LO 122 I_J X UJUJ >- U_ LU zh ^r - »xxlu _j— i _j O -h a: \—zs. * >— < 00 > o_ 00 >— 1 x x— < •- t— ^U_^ i/)UJ J_— UJi— Z3CXX • -» _> o— <— • 1— J- 1— xcx-cCooh- cj^o o. o a. • ^1— . i— x »-«luoo uj «— a o v. -Z. X U^>— ■ h-X-JI—oOXX-O OOXX h- cr - — < O »X Q <_JQ- '—■CL*— 3: CQ ^5. 00 — ' "v» XXOOQ. «2ICQ «• X UJ ID X 00 11 a. < c_jcx— x i/> jjx U u _i xcllo q_ uj u a: n. 1 23 „£ ex uj a — 'xx 1— - —. • 00 "V I— *i 00 X ^ ' LL — 1 — 1 h- J— — «=l X 2L i. X U. ry OO ex ^— u 1— Lua. aau mjd u «• _i z v~> (_juj— _s u)x*3.lu— 'LJ X-3.H— u_ c_/ aj 1— uj LJ U_ r— ^ Qt — 3 UL I— XX ) ->. X X X LJ <3. _| V > XI ► |l Z OCQ X— O0C3 OXX O OsJ — I CL _3 >xfa.«— > a «u cji— xs.cjtxx > ZQUJUJ u_u_u_ x Z3 *v I— • LU>OaUJw|JJUZ •< CXoO ~Z CL m CL X >— 'O>00CjOQ Oh- X - ex" O — 'O a.ujoDOwiJj . z ,r> i—1""! q .""* 1 — it — fh~ •— — «ox o t x cut •— • v/juju-i xiCrx X lu t* I o v> j: Tl uj ■ on x O *- lj X ►— a>_ u_ u_ »< s >— — 1 — j-ct',1"— -<:— 1— f— « • ^ cr: rj cj UL ^C -^. JK. I — «* UJ<-^) L_) OO ,£_ — V » ■rx <1 UL u-'^ v-ujlli cw"lux_cx«— i^r •u_ »<^ rjn^j a. a. or 1— ie:ujuj_j quozl-j x _juj x <_>cj— 1 ~z. JL Q- ►— U_'UJ — cx"rx2 XOO_'0 UZ'-UZJ X^XLUOh-LU LU ww £.*£ • -*x-jolu- z: o ^: UULU «LUU — ^LU •■— ) "CXX — ' CT l_)i— cr> ocx" 2r i-a>souD •— x — • -— -u • a UJ X: x— ten ltq— • »-_o \ ^ — j — t — i — <^j lo t— »— _>'— — ':>_.<£. LP > • — ljoi oo^j r^x— . — < i/»lo oi^: <£— >i ■•j-'l o .i. i—l tx — ' *. to <^ i.U 0/j— "— < LULU>>- * >_ LJ •*''"* ►— ^r X— I X— ' — ' ••X'^J— •"--* <£ < — ' *— X ->LX 1/1 UJ—»i./1 <£(—•—< *J"JJ i/J >— i— » _JOO — « — <- — ct ' j '..u *c ^/iiUJ x'-Ur- x vio~0<— ' • iiu.u.m it LOOi-n — a-cnr— —•— ii OLU ixjcX y— i.ut— cX— >*£. J>— 'OOu-Loi— _i oc X ZC?#u-l imijj • • >— LUCJ— II — * lu — o;lij< t— i_j ahQiLUOhL)^-J<0'-3 X— • — '<— ' UJ^X— x^xcj uj^ujooxxxlui— x ?: — <(3x x1 >— ■• — h— i — — 'lu <2£UTi;aJji-|l/)l-i-*^WZ — ">UJJJ< < XC\ XOOXCXxXXOf'tJLUO — X CX CX" OLJcxx-i cx^orcL^:^. ex— 'lx _< ocixu__cx — ■ »T vU L_> •~* UUUOOOUOOOUOUOUUUUOuUu X O O O <^)<^> 12 3 M I— cj on i— ^r i— U< 2L _J «-* Q-O O i— uj a. _J o">|_ o. —i— a. Z 1/ J CL UJ < O 3C t- Z" oO -^ < UJ uo O ^ -h- ^ a ooz: < a, h- •— • 2- zo OO l_l — *LL tX. U LJ UJ CL- h- J_ •• UJ I— - X -2- Ct -*S\ LJ U nts-» -J < >- 00 •— • — I— --j.LJ l— *- LUh- UJ ujii.itx.to *. — ■ uj rjj — 7^-uu«n uj <"• J- Z "LJ-U-J t_> C_> ui r- — . ^.Lji— 'J. fi r~* i/i ^ iu i — < || CJ OO UJoO "X Ol cc. jc uj _j>— '^ot— on m u en — ' en ► i— — I y— uj u_ o_ — i UJ • l_J O *» (_) CL'— LJ>— I— ^J. O O UJ »v0 <-> CL ZTI— CLU. 2 fc 'M 00 > — t 2! -H- — x. ii _i • -"— cd — • ■» qlO» -^ o -~0C<2 C3.~ :> u_ 2Tt— > <_> Q.ro>— u_ > ^"X Q_ • oo— j uj . < _-— * u. a. uj — • — — 'LJ aiXOOf— j>~^ | iy)^j-<- l_J Ou '"" •""• ""* • -- II #1f 1C >— ic UL ^c "" 5 -> J> A. *""n, ^- UJ<* • 'Ull _j jl U. "7 »«•* i-J -j •>«-• i-^vA.~3— •— >x,X uju-^ii iujuj -4J — 'ur. ■• j_ • « t-JCJ'^Ji'. _J ^ i_ r\j»— ryj^- (j ?_ ->--}_)_) >:<;sK^-nujw(_i'j ► >— 30<"p n ti n on— '— '— r^-^o— i^n— ■ • .^—JCjr! •aO'-^OT— ) 1. 1 j * 5 • — ij >—.- » .o^oo M 2L-^sl*2 — •— — ai— ' T T> — '•— ' — n^J^j + oj j- — <1 -X. uj ll <-(--> J» >> 'JC— «l£ •« JZJ.^OHww!.U _l id LL^lUrj OCTO^O-? — •h-LLGXX^-— CLCLXLUIUUJUJ jTcrTOCj- l/)»-33 || M_?>OGOMOI| -oau. i^LjucuL^: ►-• Cj _3 > — > ^> *£■<£— >"~ 3^._i jru_uj oooo_iit (^(^xcjoj—iu^i ^-irvi — i r\i cj u-\ p i nT loo — ' r- O . — i ■ — • r^. r— < — < . — « — ^ ^h o ^^ (N •— I rJU r-4 124 I' I > IU r\i — x -^ m ll - » r? u on— u Q a^ m •z: a— 3: LU X> — i - - I— a1 ► ~ - X rr\^ — y— mr~~ <\i -J - - > O — — fM I- >-x * LU - - 3 to _j r\Jr-- i— < >— I— r\J ^ > - - t: LJ H- LU — 00 >_ V- u. lo t/J 5: en >— " •« t_3 _JL_) «--(_> _J » UJ X" _1_ LU —• i— u-j i v/ ; •-<—•» (_j ,» >— j i *z +■ - *• m * O co —j _j cr. -"• o lu •— ■ — . Orsj u. j_ ^ —1 Q. >—\— t— t— i— 3 h-j— ^ _J-J LL —• l_) II - - 2. V— LU LUTL _) LULU I— f\J LULU l_) _£^ •— OO — <_JQ £_)•—■ LJ an lu a o :_? lu a: is iiu* #i- XX LOQ OXX oif^O LU CL 3^ «XC— — -_J -< ■8- * OO . H #* LU I— CC Z LO CJ— CL •»■ Q_ t— LU 2. .— — > a x — — . co (— ^ x ►— C3 -u> ~2 era i— •-< * i£ _j — ^O-ljv:^: 2. x— > h- en— ^ - - luz — Ql | lu «-h » a-> *i ^u-ci *— ►— lt. ^ . u— «sO^ — •>— —>> - ■^-■^ u) *lu i 1 » i— a-. _> :> >_ 2_ a. .>_ 1— • lu j n **: jj > t>„ .»_ rr 7\. lu ui^<-^ ^-.~— u,r',<~^^< uiuiM — i_j _j h— «a t— ■— 1 ~i cc. lh >.?._J_J.J_J «J Jt-« A.V )_J_»JX -L.^-M J> -v| • J- »»X. " iu_JU lUJ-fl- II * Li. - —> _) L/ ) k/ J tyi »/ ; J>_ ^C iUJ J-Il/Wlwii/)!- h- _? J o<— I I— J— ►— ^T •*-»— *« t— LU II --LJ _i • Ji— ^.iJ L'j'.o 11 11 11 Hiyi^fNj cj looo 11 11 h 11 _i 11 11 f— — 1 j h?.ull|m a:-*- — II || — . ~.~ «—, (-Hjjyv^^ • .^ — t H l| — »^,~— nLU -JU"- <— - — ?- II I' '-U ^LU<1>_ Q.JL-^11 II HUJCLfNjLLI _) >— I — 'J! 2.^-3 XI + r\|iti 4- ^5 >_j_j_j_i^>_i_iLjm 4- _)_i oCh- ■£*-* — K-TCvT ^ «— i|— — if\l'-n ir 7:^1— 2. ?r— >^~- — — '— _j ^-vii. >_>-— ~-— < n —• 1 _j*-— oa:>— cc — «(x— - uf~-J-*.xi3; 11 11 — • 13 DZ5>D>LLU_cr 11 "nu_ n z>a3>3>'^°i— ll^o n 3> uLauju, clotox uolu-^m?^^^ l/II^UOLLa >—Cj_JL_>— l^OOL/)l»JLJ)LJL_J Z LJ_JOLJ 2T^"-^ -SL1_- >— rJ ►— I— I— LJ ^ i^ _S f\|f\J O LJOO OO OO OO 125 II uc LU Q. 3. z: t_5 UJ IS) a. _l LU x z. - >x UJ~H ■ '3>s _j w^ m- LU" --J" QU l— >— • LU or. » • V) ca-X ••^ ^. ^L—* — "2_ - *• •• •O •* i-» X z:1— LU •• ro •• » ►IM -v. 2_X m * •• Kf-< O z: -J"^ 1— LJ |l U. > ►sT « — jj r£ - UJ ^ — — . < 00 ■— <• v: •■ ff- — . • ntr ^ O 7X rvi o 0 "=" 11 >-Vl • t— •y. UJ •-(_) h- t 1 1 *• r» LLI — . ID V>"uj Q. i^vT u. •» > LJJ ^ 3IVIJJ *L •ht_< •» >. V— >_ >— ■ S> Cl "> t— ► x; t— i y£ _J >— — •.- in LU rv ><• i\i »— UJ in X r-3>. ~X- *• — J .TTrvi ■ i—i ur. -w LJ LJl/) UJ"— '—"-+SL ^> «• <\j ►— Ql p* — ^:uj • jj t— ►— • (— 1— u_3: ^C *> *> u_ a. oo LUsC >— ILJ * •> » •— • X •> l-H ^ + — j. a CLlU a. »o- en X— • X r— <3. _ ? r-h- LJI— II LJ LJ(L?-d LJ .d »> (\j LU ?: LO t— O >-o — ^ 0 2:0 LJ^O -t— LJ ^ X — (NJ X * — ■£";<•; i/lO^OO <\— ujmi- onu.1 7T •■ • LU.— >— t ^— »— * cc •fr \ O —" >—(/)»_ ^> ► X r- ihH t—y- LJ uulu — a. — LU ^n— -a Q. —J u_ i— >_i -J-JO I — ^*~ 2:_j~ . ■+• • _l Z'ino- *• Q. << ~^^ ** |— UJ UJ LU f— LJ _j_jlj .0 — OLJ <.LU ^1^1 ^: vT^x >< OLJC-J • LU(\J ^Ol/l/CO »LJ l\l •2CJLU •~xcxu ^"* ^ — .1— . — ' — _ — * u Mn x ' T> - CJ •"— < ~— <£— < i\inij a i _J._ ^r ►— o«-r CL _J IX •» -iJ ^ 1 — J3X r-x * n i ' U J»_ a; *. • IJJ — i UL CX. »— LU'.y »— vg f rvj »h— "»»lui — ""s,* --) ►(i| — <.i\i^ — «* ->.»—' i — < —4(1 | — - Nj- •«- L_" ^ ; J_ t_>L/">^->LJsUJ"X '.3 ' — LOMJ^— »- u o~- • vL5 — *^J »— u if— i — t~y_ _J 1 1 •IX) nc t— f.9 3C ca <^ 2u 1 u s; _j — • — t— — < ^ -~-t— ^ — •— - ■co.Lt. II n II •—! U. • rxl II 1 .> -j — II 1—002: || T- II 1— *\^ - ?- — * LJ II t\]'J~) 'OI3 O LJ *— U O C J ^ "— ' (X U- <—cC ■— <•— (Qd •• O —i i— 4 ■— < ►-«u_ o >— i 1— '1— ( ^Q-LLU-^O ZQU.U ^to>:occ - oa OiQK u_ f— •— H-— < Q_tiC_5_SLU« jCLL JCLUfM ■—4 --I .— 1 u\ CJ ^J CJ (M ui LU O in LO in 0 sU ^O -O r~ 00 < _J O c o L_> I.U C — < CT o r> o » o • LJ »i —4 LU -J r\i _J LU aj • UJCL t— LJ LO ► •+- II LO~J|— 03^)1— OCllo LJLJ — x *— "^r~ lj • *-*. *-u \ — • LJ a.1— <-♦ i.ULJ ac 11 OC^ •— i— — < • 23^. ^-—» _3'-LJ LL'L '/!¥ 1—1 t— 1 * •— * O no <~>l-> o o LJ LJO u o LJ 126 a cc Q z < — 1 •» 1— u~-< — rvj LU H- 1— • 00 z -^ -J • - - — < sO LU a *v < c0 XO 1— LL CC ■— i LT\ LU O— ' > m h- *-4 ZM. "--CC O X • #■ < ■» O -_jcCO N Z lc •> LULU>— i *• *k LU LUt— ID — — l~\J lD Q. • ?_ ►— < og • Z LJ u ■«1 U.I — ' » J_ —i o 1—4 z Wl _J U.LJ — u_ X LJ L5 ••_>— • h~ — •• o CC a UJ MM «> CC OO LJ '_n Ol- •■ ■> —>z fM > LU h—4 LU CC *— i 0O «i— "LULU LU CC — ICJ u •-LJ _J Z cc • X »<>-■ ■— i LU < o o cC < cco^ — O iJJO _l •> O -J i_j •d LJ _J Z) uou -x _lr^-l Z oo • — H ~5 TTM35 l< L-~- ^v < _> LU CC V c cc X <> oo _j «-.^CJ ■—LJ L— >— 1 > J_ -~— . 13 v> ~ r>J o LX. >-L- o — - LL' LU >-or)r_) >— cr — • • LU kWM r— J U.I LJ — 1 <—< _jti »^ ?. LJ «» o<-» -c - J_ •« r— i_> U 1 ■d **. oo «3 om t— m LJ LL. UOU r" O-J — ^ »» J_ <5 O LU 00 u_ I— < ZO^ II oo « <»x O-— >— < rnro ?_ LU a >— LU LLI •— 1 CC Oo')LU*5 oo \ -«• -«■ O — JLU Z ->_i LJ cc uvr CC Jl^'-JX' ~cr ••LL LL >— t— u •h CCZ-e.— LJ' j)>-.r-\ *-! >— h- ?:< Q. LULU^LU LU — CC , — 1— o Oir_J^2-< — cc _J(— - CC _JLLLU LU OOLU o •—<£>-> _j ►> 1— \— \— -»— a w(J( UOQ. >— O— ' 0C O _J o r> "O LLO — — CC *t — '— . za z LL.LUOO LL —- 1 ")□ <^ 1— < 1 oo II CJUJ-i OlJ o \s ?"— ) < ^:t-Luc SOIL ^C < LJ— U- o a CO< OLJ t— 1 i.n u-i ^ZTXilo .—4 LLI UH i— 1 z Z UJ OO ~-*Z. o z Z oc cr^' N^ LU LU 2->_ - z + -UU + UJ * — Cl 1 4 • • . — 1 — -1 LU i_)oOO •w- •.( LJCC • • Z- UJU\" cc-< UJU1» LU m- Q L_»UJ • ■< ■* »-. aj X — ■V.LU 1 — J 1 — t •« 1 1 O X LU — IO - LL l| -JO •> L3 m «"CJ LU(J 3 1 — 1 ►— OO^LU •J-l — <-J ft -iv i—4 ■ -x) in UJ •— il\) X '_J *— I'lX * -n Xrj o • • UJ II ^. rC^S. Z-" JMil ~J J> II > — ) •• ^«. r- Z ll *\jt\Oz NJ LL, "»r\ ii-i »U>VJ ^UJUJ • -J 'J_ LU -T. — i !_J — 1 .UK- J1. >_ "J •— — -O — —4 < ->. -u-» *£LU <— ' .*_ ■ J»-- 1— X II — 1— <£•""• r-l II — H- 1^— « — »►— *— < i— i ^: f-J + ^ LJ_J 'jO-J — • — oololo l| ||LU< — LJ LJ LLlLU-> — 'LC^ (U ^«— <■— 'LX. ►LU^ .— < i—i rx — 1 —iCC LU— — ■ — ii •dur^XLuaj si*— ►— >- T" n ~-^-g:o- -D ~x II LLCCO^OOIUO U-rCCU-Oif CD CCU-LLLLO-5LJ'l— : r"^-ooij -^_J «* 3i>oo . O ^j.;ju. >— i *— 4 LJ .£. -ELL ■— 1 D31LU 1 '» i — < LJ-^-> 127 <_) • oo< -u XXX -^UJOJ X * * oo •» • — ■ • oo ► x UJ CJ UJ OCCJ u_) ►QZ> • — 'X hOII > -XX '— >_00cO 2 3-i.O t— J_ •» *• ^J.^-LJl— 1 ^-UJ«— 1+ "O.OCJ —> - U- i, ►— Oh- CJ «-iL)U-' • i-iz uj - — ><■ X ■— Z> ZIIXU ")I — CXCXJCLU ►Uij_X t— << -J ^ «-ooco x>cxcyc_j uj •■ •* OOOZ" n l| | nc: x> . — i LIJ i/k/iDl" -s_icj ll_>_>u_ 'v i o'JJU-ii-t. nc j_ — ->< "-"rr.ira-J ujuujlJ- i— o •d h- ►— .*; — > u_ -j< x a C_)i_jCJ_J uj »-cX i_i»— iC0- f— CJ IJJUJ'U*-. IX' en oc a x: x CJ_J o XXX cotco O O <— > •o CJ— I o - .— M\J -c o » uj—»m CL— »0 o o o o I — — I — o o o UJ X. UJ h- < 00 x UJ UJ 3 I— •— I ► LU —CD CXOO OO Q^O— t [_>■-< » ex ►r- CUOO OH a ex UJ rvl 00 X UJ > X X> a CJ CJ i. X 3 Q. t— X) CJ X CL UJ ex UJ ex X LL X a UJ u u CX on (X 0<:;"X II — _) ^•_JI',I o-)_) M >— (io t— UJIJ O II ^■IJJUJL-) ^r-LJh-r_)UJ 'X (/T— i_J f— — «rX<_> — «rvi r- j ,— 1>— -v, i v) (— sj n_> — i •» 1 1 i! <£ ON Or-i Oh HO CO oo I— UJ 3C cx _J LJ t\J > - i— r\! oo oo UJ UJ U 2. o-) 3: ZD o cr cr UJ rx O _J o <_> c_) iMfO OO cr~ o> •. » o - o^ cr — — o CO u CL a CL u. CJ u_ CJ a LU CU o X U! a _J Cl i_ <— ' x o rsj m o tv' f\J o lo u^ rn -o X LU pi r* — 1 -J" o 11 -1 1 gr i| »:<: IKOy ^1 <^0^>.r_>»— CJ"^ C"— o^ r 3 "^ ' — r-4 _)_; CJCJh- O^o ^.'--'0^:1— — -^ < CO II — 4LULX-— ' •— 1>— «CP •— <>— 'i-LU' v— ii^ljcj x?c •— u v- u?: *— .r- — CJCJ ,ii/T-U'-<5. *'— tx. 1— "3 C£ CJCJI— CJCJ _"— —— — OH — 'CJ <— 'CXLLC31— 'CLLL (J"'- ■ CX U_ OC CO OC unohtJ UOOO ooc^ 'X)>-> 0—1 cj>o— • ceo c o C — ' UOUuU o CJ MOO — (<-\jhi.— < 00 ccoo O — 1 o o o -^ 128 Ul in < LU n a. m O o LT m o o o o (P LJ UJ LU X IJJ LJ u. -J CO CNI LfMO fNJ fNJ no — — — .— ..—it— i x>- x>- - ► <-"-'(Nir\l u-)<;— n— i ►_< >— « x; p- *£ J< >- X >- •— • I— I CX a u LJ LO LU X UJ LJ CO fNJ. (_1JC\) injcni -r * - •■in-aj r», j> ex _3 CJ 2. < LU X r- o CTf\J ••—4 oovo •» l— ►—.-j — XX (p — i •—* — i— cr it •> UJ CD X a. < X T- fNJ •» in "4. h— uj • •— i |UJ ~— i II in CJ ) — — I CO in <\j »m ■— km — . — L. I l/l O **>» t"> —■• — > .— • — 4 <_) ^ — I — • cj -vi, <; ' — < U. LP ' — 1 1 — » — .X P- — u_ ^r^r i, || LJ _> I— < Q f_) rjX> I— Z^^J-wihX X — >— OC II II << oxaoax>r-r. O"— 'Q-U.LD— "—<3,- II II X>- <;>- rj-x*rj— »Ct T. — J^vCTCSai— • >-MS X. J". -t- 2. x x — «— ■•<_; h-_j ^ c_'*-vj -J juj->l *— UJ<^(_) — UU-h I— OX>x>— — ■• ■> G — TZT^ILLLLCjrUOI.L.XXQJ'^CLLXU-h-arCj 2UU->LLKO;ILJU CO rn - h- —< — -43 >— ' . — — »uj.— <^->— rnx LTO -CNJ'— ' LT —JO | _£—iaj ~ | x i— < — » (_ tsj ' uj C7^ LUO •"< •j-'U X<_T nj O —j - Q 00 uj on •— (_>►— - » rn - -< CM r cm •• u> 'j «cm ••txj a: <_><<) J- UJCL — -I »— < I CM — , <\i jx »cm r\i "•lu m ex ^ •. *_ sO «... ino •> »-£j_o Xi— i— x c\jx h- cm xu\ h- m>-< h- >rx u_ — ' X f" — O1— ' » -. — i— vO > •— -t— r\j-5— h- — - >^o -i XvT— (M uWinw v0>-< ~4CC<— v-J«-'-^ »q_lj«vj— - I | — (»i>_i ii oocxj-— x*c _j_jx 2.-00 - »«»-KJ co «-0 P'152- — od *-0 ao »0 — >— — vT XXI— V X — "OO «UJ-JO— 3 >-* — ' *<~>~^L3 ii-— t •— • ui n .>- n XCj1-* *~ x LJ_3— ■ x _) II XO1-1 X no:— < X Cr^X^U. II II H || || ii i| ia ii f- < — n>-'^Lj>-e;— "- 'O ujoo ujii ,i oo "-"^ X^hZT Xh-5!--ia>2h2>h7:,-ll-Z>|->-"-' <<_J~UJ^J X^t— <<_J—«UJ u — — <>— 'a: cj —•^••-•h-icj -dq^wmq —— ._*_o ^-t _ji-< xo >—■->- x*^— " _j>— oxn ou_^q:c cdoxxi— cxcaxxoxi— o^gcxxi— rtroox> nuju— iclll -^e;— 'w—a 2TU?*— <~3 <■£ —"— ' a. .^o •— 1«— — f ^toj-n vT^of^- co lt>o-^ rvj— UJ 1—1 »— t ••— 4 XJL X 03 GO • *1 K- on - 0 CC _J UJ or cx" — • < 00 X'<_) a 00 ► •— 1 X *— * _; l/)U_ jk o UUJ o -i. X O-t CP <.Q i/i a. X X xcx — ii o X x ae XT u UJi— i •—j X K- o a X CQ ^ •• U'l Q- ^ CO x 1 X tr M»— a >, ar; ■— < _ # >o u_ ■• X-— ' r»i — < • co j- •»<: < a _j 2 -J°o - ~j£ or- «c XJ 0 "— 'r- « >* o i-l i—i n i o 1 2: •^ ■ LU •• UJ>— •' w X ■ _J . — i — z X_j _i •■ • CL O^ UJ< C1 •« 1 < ^3 •- X ^ - X_J_J 5; 0 . o<}-UJ O _J.-tO II <^J xoo »-(m X < cX-O J!T Tl ^D 0 •« UJ »• - _l cO>- c: x < UQf e>o 1—1 • — •"-t-v. a. ^v X'O •n *i — -> >-xx P" X -;>~ <_J •• h— i oo UJ— | h/lH-> -\S\\±i +-4 Of^J r-g —i *v|— « •a. — OC ►— ■ — CXI l*sl< ^. >-> X.£ torn 1 xi— l_> <.►-.— ^ X 2_ r»i<— • — • — '2. cj^-i — ■ a. •» — X ■_« J- < sti — ) .>.. ?: xi«;— . ■>TNi — LI )U_X • 1 ^'O^'J i -j w_i n |i— i ■ nio— i — >-• ) ni 1 >r ^L 1 vO\- WIJ^ — i«— i J' . <3 »— < JO p*r o_ 1— UJ x — "-■CX CL X< — < >— 'CX <5 — X X X —■x »— < >— 1 — CC — * - xcxc x~x<.<. fc— • — • t— | CLXl—ejXXCO —" ■— i OGlLL. o>— • fc—4 i— J o— o — 1 o^ <*-. 0 fc— i ■i V k— 1 Q.U_>— 1 ' J<1 l/)0'— ' —J — -) ^-1 (Mm o o CO r— 1 ~-< o o Xo o 131 o LU LU -J Q_ » OC 00— ^ • — < oo oo •• OO — UJ U £U Q. I— O • T UJ I— X oo U I- X < Z — H- U JO— UJ _£ UJ -IX -J < a_o < U - vT ce _i a: u> LU OO _J PSl LU1— I 00 f\J Hj <" OO f> 'Si vt _J f*1 UJ uj -o X o — « _} V l—Q- CC uj — — fM Q.O LJ U- •*" o-) 133 ' U • -"• UL r ) » uu i — ^ i — 'j_^c i\j»>vr vu en -^,i »ui ^o r»i r~ •> O1- ' — O * — I vO | CO LLh- <, r— cr u*^ u'Jai ajco — ■<[ cj + a"1 •••■ tu r-ix. j oooo •• « ». a- (_im — «■ r» fvj oo — ^-ujuj •.►— iyi r— cr ■K-uLr^ouj cr cd go «_j - i _j ujct P- _l r— — oOcO— < XLU t_j ujlu — ,— i — — O — i — < O _J — ► < -i/l < -co < _J -X^ — _J_iLPi 4. oj _i hi/io\XU O -^CM — f vO>— i — CT ■» ^s.<3X i— i^. x r- x -vr-cj zu^-ix •• uu • — i • • ccx^jsiv - 00 + -X lo •■< ijjx »co •— 'OO — ^0— < 1/1N<(^ * 00 5_ uA| — (_j t— — . •>>— • CT^vIX • r- 1— • -"-<5.Nr-l • 1— 1 x • •— 'h- I f I I UUJ— I »2l •»— — ^: >— >_^— < it — 'jjxim 11 t\j->—)\— ^)^_|~-"— _JI— oO_ JOO^~ X"JI— _J_lU_l— — II— LLt— I— LLI— h- 1— _J ^— — Ut— <~ ' ^ T — icx — < — * — < — < i-Ki^waQNa CL U-O1— "— 'OOO <4.— <«— iOOU— i i.O,^|U>-iU.«-U'-HlO>-- r- — 1 r~-p_r~ r- N-r^co ao roccco ooco co cotn cojo cucr c^C^cr ctlt — '— I r-l U 32 7Z. < UJ X > o t- — 2 UJ >— « O UJ oo < t- 1-0 en on LJ i_> i. a. 1— ^ UJ a oO t— ( u_ 00 x oo "3 UJ • arx UJ a. a CO Q-<1 _>rx h- 1/>-x • + X— 'tr Xinoo ■ <(— o~ ►— ii— tLU or* ■^-^r •• uu —I CtLL. O r\j — ■ cm o a •■ (M | — V) L J CM 00-3 0 fMin O p— _jcnj UJ.-» • X>>»r oi <3^i m oo o CO 0+ + L" UJ2-CMUJI— —IOO LU 00X1 — Cu ►JUJ'-'OM -v • < < • a:ir><<-<.>— < •. •■t_)u>uJco ~LJ >-h ujuj oollcmoo '-ii-i«>-(Uj ujoo — i — ii— i—i .- I ajca | ->-;>- >— vClj x'^h-lj 'MW>-"J I *IUJ *~<0 V)_v_ooo >- < XI— O II >-\— O n lj r— — uj OoO uj"»* UJ CCO. u_ ujO.— t — < XLU XO->- UJO— "~ ' >- l.u lu (j uu LJ — i XOuJ O— - •>- Z!-* +(—»—< CO'JJt— >-,-'>>>— 003: X U X xluoo >>aiu.i Q.u_ •o«— icQ •■- • •— ■ 'O "- ' oj k-< «— i en — ■ >— > — *«/)»— • i—i >— i •— ' i— < au o cD oo»-j>— i>— <>— <»-^ i—n/^i—,— iojo1-"1- •■— ujo i-NI UJ >. 1—1 j>- ^v <3.H— uu a> 00 LJ _l _j O <3 < uu <-; LJ J_-~ oo o-j !->• \ ^v UJ X > O-J UJ X al Z!< X X ao -U <3 <00 XI— f-ICO UJJW LJ •►— OoO X hO'^U < < O X < — IVJt— 1 -U t_) .-«-«- SJJO — 1# ^ ^uo cn r- o ^-t (XI m>r LTtN 0" 0^ o o c oo —1 rsj CM CM CM CM 33 UJ p- u_ «£oo X • OX (_) ■ — «uji-t. | — «T H- LU IJJ T>_JLJ ~* — i — » _l IMHU U _? •■ <1 ! O Ui- <-> O — 'H-ac c_J> ' — > O — I 00 -» — 00 OO O ■»■ «/> r-l ■CQC X >- ■«• # UJ^iVO ■— I -X >— ' ■«■ O1— ' uj UJ r— l/> x t\iv}- >- rvl^uj * uj .x. oo u_ _j -J <-><_> — ' ^h— — . (xjp^j^^ ^,)_--~_^> 0O_J<3. — > i— ■ X X lu •—.(_?— — .oo— • — •> »fl <)- uj •— * c\i in •. »m vJ-uj^-jdu^ ro x oo •— ■ ro ^ .— ico — '— ■••— ' uj uj w — _~- i > i — >-o —• .jexujujco'-fcouj cuto — — •■ -Y- I— Oh- I— *— — XJ.0100 + — I m LUO — + s: <-> < o < < — !•— ••—!>— «<—•■—• •— I— ' II aJUJ> v» I \J— ' — ' ^-4 >— ' — — " < Ml \J '-^ ' " ■■— ' I *> " t-JUJU-H'JOl-lJX i o^'X uj~-o II || II II || II II II >— i || !|-.— -II 0|| II II |l l| — — II IT, II II II II II rr LL.O >_^l,^l— i-l •-«*-* OslUOS. V)I.1J— .— »— *^» — ^»-^-^ — . — ^ ^,^^_i , — «^ — ,^. p_, — .~^^ — . aJUJ II l| f— h-^-— it— h~ —•a. — <<\Jrn — " j «j. in < vj m jj i*- ro u^ 'jj i->jua<3 p-ujlt _j^"^— .*• u_ 'in/)j — j i/)«xu. xt—- — '~--~-— ^— — «-'-^— «-ti — ' ~'^*^.— • — Kh^-l-l-i-l-'-l-i-iMhhKaji-ai-^l-h-'-t-aJi-O'-Hht-l-'-i-'iiJ^OO II || ~" _t—i_«_.-.i_i i — <• — i jv— — ,h_, -Q^,(_K-.>_,^-ifc_^_, — i-C>--|— «— ■■— • ■ — •• — »•— >t-~ h- ST"5!!! II II 'M ' — ■ JJ II II II I — I — | — I — I — • — i — I — h- H- — — •— I — i — ) — I — I — ■ — •■ — -V— \—\—\—\—\—*£ h-f— JJJII ~JZ XXXX>>>>OX>LLULXQXXXXXXLL>0>> >>>Q LLilHIII I»Ii^> ")^TnTnQTlMMOij-)OoOOi-iMnO")-) OOOO _)>-*•— 'O _!—■-) — — •— '*£— '<— o <3 r-aj c^ui — ^r\jrn ntlh vu •— i c_> o C^ o«— « . — i .^ — i -— * —j— i —i cr M (NJ (Mf\J l^JfNJ (M(NJf\l t\J(NJ fM O a* t^ 134 ^2 I- 5!~ r- u_ - i~" "«" >"— I— —4 on -a- # u_ co i— i ■» k- 1— »-i_; i—ii—i ■tt- 00 LU X«>-_J i—i (~)— II -»- i— i s> on uj x cc y- y- + + t- ■«■ -lx^^c 4- •*■ r-vl -.-» — ~» — >— « — i i— i > O OO CQOOOCr-O r\| ++ -i— ■ (JUaiX — ^-LUX->- oo i—i X>*CO O O rJ' — S«fX>^ * on o0 r>vl u.' U I UJ M UJ U.' I IJ ►-i ujUJUJ — \^\ | | —l | <-* | CT — -^ kOLK1, — # ->»■ i— iMMfvj — Nvlrvj^J C I ►— -J-J-K- ■«• Z2 ■* ■* ~<\l — i S on oo CJ ^ — — ^oo>— '— ii— n/T-^i— ••— ' C ■*• I— <<;ZU •> 4- 3-K- ■«■ <_; — cxujc_)— "— >^zr >— ■ — iuj '_olucjj— «oo oo^— ■ -~ — cm + + uj ->- "-lu ►>• - u •.;:>- 'juNu.iu^^NNriJij n COLLI I i.C3«— ' ^-f^J— -UJ • • X->-_l— aI ?_— 4 — — -< vX cr — — »o~"-J"-'1— '"-"O-^ — «— >_i^i t— t— C0 I '-< I oo>— OU II II II l| ,£.<* II si- l| ^.— >♦■ 4. IU-1 ivj-».*^-<^_jx;_i x— 'X — * jJ0,,w_,_, _^ —.^^^—ii, i, || || || ij^^-^iMjL^. -^in)— crii— — «^-u «£ < <£ —— I II l| UQ '/0 ^^X>'J.i C.jOJO c_?_- ^,^^_>:w_^--_>_w_3._w^, II II II |l —4Z '! " ■— 'OOCO'^Jr— r— rvlXUJ >aU'"OH- " -T — ~-1— 'O ^ f\] 0~-~-2: . < ^ < 5! > II i| rvj r\| u x i— 51 31 U-LL-uj^iU «^I I— aLfMX>— h(jOHX>< |t :> > :> xxxlli i-'^n'-'n-'-js -s_> ii i m u h n ii —• n rvj n rn n >>.">>>>^'-^> oox - 5 ►_ ii— i •— i — < oo u > uj >- -<'-vi— — - js -5_) n ii ii ii ii n ii "* ii r\i ii m n -j-_j_j X XXwiyi-u.u.'/iOi/iZr:^rvJU.Cr,VOrri^-(ONUfri'-J-f^OO i/)WLUW>i/li-ii-ii-iUl-l«U,JUMOOUOiJUUMU'-iO'- ~ cu O in t\J i\J vT «• — — l~ p- r- * — — . r\jsT (\j ► »■•(-(") I— I »■•• •— t • • O •— < "• oo « «. O O ■• —■ 00 *_ o LO ► » in in i—i x •• r«- I— ►- -J -J X - •• OJ Ci. •» X >- >— |— •> on i_ t j u. r- •. •* ^ •* t— * X ^ r\J •— i •— i rvl iM "T *<« (_;u\u\uj •»-« in •»»•»•■ — » — «. — — ^> «-o'~i— i O —i on u) v) on rn »cnjx m t(\JZO ~ooor<7*<3. — • • O i— ' •— • •— ■ •"-" *"<"\i oo >— • •» «o o >- oo(-r x x .x; x i/>(_>iyi ■< v><_ivi »-o— "••— ■ x1^"1' O ■— ■ O *• _ x -C i — i — u_ •— < cro ;>- >• «>- p-oox ^.x ioc x\x ^>» *._;<. ;>-c\ji-\j.— . x IO OO-- •* •» *■ »ooCO<--< :> 0^> - - ► CO —* O umo oo oo co oo •— i f— i >- x >- >— < >— » <— 1>- > >■ — • r— ■— ■ ..oo cm mo oo 21— » Tl LU *• •> • — • ■— • «— • _(\^ -_J «. ~\\ ••_] •» «.(N| ~oO _ • I*- C\J i— tr-J— I 4- CD •— -ixr\]co:^ * - z h- •— ^— ?r •*- 1— »— ?: m-4- o - -X'-^»'-<>i_^0[i'X< cro^^-^zruxxKH xxt— OO UJr\IO X »x »x • X>— ' "" ) X1— 'X >— ••— l— 3 X~)X •— f\|3— X □(— ►" X|— -^-O Cn— •— • — I 1 ►—»—••—■ ►— K--HLL II l| II X II II II 'x. i oo 0>— -i<<:i— «J. ~- ^ « -c. — -— BMBxaxsaui-ahL)0'>-li-UH-'jt-^lS-3J (X. '—*»—<»—» J -5 l| —irgr i «;vrm>U + >uj _;o • * *- Z <*.2L«1. ■* l-JU-JUUJJ-HJ-JU'JJ «iajuj J", Ot-JLU — •*-•*•-»-— i ■*•*-«. — •— '0^--»->-->->->-^-u.i-i — iu — ia.u-a__ju — mx — <-ij.>-'j- ^r. n n ii m-j-- j- 3 ~ > ~ 5> — h ~j -•3-7 «— — ,fO:jtx 11 11 (/) 11 to 11 w; 11 —— < ^-~-^. >^"^0 i/no o vi 00 ooon 00 ooo'' a. ^'JooO'JfNJ'MCt-njuuJ-'uLju c^fYh- zj — j«jmj«j— j«jj«mjmjj-.jjj^m oo>— 1— -^ — • — — ■ — • — >—;ri— — 'w-.-. 33^: — -J xx— ixox_)X_jx xox— uxxjkjj- 1 » — 1 — — <— ixx n'.ccccixi-'X.cx.ai'xL uua u_o^-o->-o>ox>-oxo'_)x^-o.>-o^-'— 'O^o— "-• '— >—^:iCc_)-3-7_>-)— ^r-3-)-) vt %r — ■ (— 21 + ►— >— I — I — X K— XXXX UJTJ— ^■—1 2TZ-1 ■*M O ■-'(M'-lO'j; — 1 f\J — 1 C\| \—~£_ JrY—y— h- ^15: -♦■►—►— I— >— "ZZro^i-xxi- xxxi— k- xxxx (XOOvfH m LU i-U U_ r-J LU LU LU f£) LL — ■ • UJ UJ LU LU os;?._ •»x—'2:^:— it— -£ ^ ^ >— _i i— — H-«-»UJ II II II X II n |l II X II II II II ■— 1 uj-»-"»— « — r-— u_cu 11 ii — ~— 1 uj— — . — — 1 lu— — — — r»» ^xtui'i'r^ ■♦- — J—)1-* ~j i| -ini'i ^vririvu"^ ""*■ -""' '**- -•• — I -t- + ■*■ + LU — )UJ — - -*• •+. + "it— || "3 -j-j-)_> 11 _; || II U'~7 »-3-l I—ILU"— ' LJt_H-J<— J>— ifX «— IfM'M l_l(_JLJl-JLU — ■<( J I_J « > < ILL' '- l_J (_)"-*<-£ O. — iruuo a. u_ *u^ u^ o> 0011 >_lolo 0. 5! + + .J -£X>- -OO II * -w a l| IT\X >• o K-T II 11 "J QQ^r\| |i iCXIvf Cmrn 00c — u^tr UJ— .-^ ^LUX •— T-vlLU OO >— nvl X'-')'— < 'JJ >-00 I I I ^r\j,— i <~><^)^ ULIL.LL m C > + LU *- — >o I lt II <\j o U>-l- u-na U C3 vT r-i u- CQ m O • met 00 0^ •"UJ vO»— m< — II Mu^UJ UJ II M uo h- O'JO ^-i>-'C3 vTLO sU |^-r- r^ r\irsj CM CM r— CM r-co CMC j CO CM in o cm ni o o u -^rgmvr in filrii'*iri pn ooco c- o 137 mmLnm minm | + | I i + + i + + r\i— >fNj O O O O O O <— > O O — "»-h — • WMHHHMWW-H || || || II II II II II II M || II ~ ■ ■"• "— » — 1 —»-—. — <_ 31— t (Nj ~-< r\j(M vrU\>UP*-uj (J» — 1.— (— « 3 _j in u. tn in u~\ in + I + 1 4. t\J _.| CM uj .— < rv .— < r\i .— 1 r\j •— < c\j — iuuu h-UuUUUUOUUMMM u < < 00 >r*r>r f l + 1 + I + + I + I I + r\j*-— 1— .--•—■—'—< 11 i| i| uj — ->.— — — -«*— — •— »o — < eg lj'w^*— »— « (vJU,*C'— ''N)i'"1<'ir\Jjr— 'JUl-','— •--<•— ^r^JU,^ — UMi'i^uivOl^Uir^-ti — i-— I >— o<->o — 4 <3.<—>— <_ vJ-O'- II II II o O on rn O if r\ O 38 x a. < a _j a. *£ ijj UJ ^4. a; o <\J UJ o UJ aj U LU LU <•> in r- r- <- • • C7>— »l/1 in — 'Ul • »A/ I >— 4 ^J- ^ _ UU — .(\|i— ix. O — X _j 5ivrx< (j>x— 1 •> »on v.t ».<-o >— 1 #.C~>ijO>— « Oi/!m a: ><}■<— >x lt>— x l-inni vommuor--) o.ox— ■ ►— 1 1— 1 ■— ■ ^-i_u.Jt_)vOU^UJ^_;T in o% uucr— ( — 1— unj'u^^;— Mvjrqvr msui—aj Z3— 'x^-^ X ^- LT _> _; _j _j 1— (J* — uo || "J— J— KJ — ^-- — ^-~- •—>--— — i-i UJ^— — '— • w—w — ao '/}.«£ jSoo I -^1/) SlSHr>/L-3 »— LUCJT» II CLO.-—^ > ;>-> ;>;> ^>>^-?- -> II OU',»^>-? ^>^> 11 I O O1— "— ' !-— cccCcC^cC^cLoc^u—1 — i 1' — >— _i_ i|— 1— 1— _Jh- — '^S 71 2: i/l — • _) _J •— T ^1 •— Z5_JZ)3_3-)3Z)-3"-J JD_JDDJ_)JJJ-JJ — '_l_J -£ 2T —I ^ ~ — • cc ~- — UJ x _j _) — ■ qC 3 uuoouO'JuO^a u|JUooouu^ l| II II •~j lp u. X «» — ■ UL> CJ> r-uj >_ u rvjnj z u^ •> • »- » ►—J ** rV^CCU^ •k •Oi__ c^r-r- > p- 3 Zjr^r^\ cc tM 3 * \— »— » O ^ >— ■ x UJ r— m U UJ .— « CC*~ •— ■ vT ■> CM | — o>r * a.— UJ . ^ _J rn i— — I — <- <>■ •*cn 1— >_ 1-CT-IX3 X ^1— ClO < •—•<— 1 ?-OH oC ~- -J-O • a. + O— P~|--""4 -h u'o^>.— > meter — r II uu IM r— 1 (Ni r-KT m^u 0 ODvT vor- aj O ~T ^r vTxf - ni O O oc CO c c— < fNjrurM — 1 CT^ cr -J- (y, -*o>, c* 17^0 O 39 1/1 3: < oo a X U- o UJ REC. SIX. cc a u_ ^ UJ UJ • nJIiii JE>— LJ *v 1— z • UJU_< o UJrjQC o — o OU. X cccua NT LUO •X TD jC|— ^ 2: z> LU Z>00 a •s ^aD LU >— 'LUt— o LJf— — < o u-u^: o — 00OLU • <-ta:_j cj_j < LU«LlV_jUJ •* —— -J +• 'f C*"""OU_l— ■ a: -j u_^ —i —i Z> OO Ol— CO >_ — «•— » to sj-O u_ C< v* Or; •» tx v_> -' _l aiLuajrj vTU u um UJ O X O _— I -~_J— IOC «£ 21 X) JC O oc ^ >r — ' - r— — — » ► qc— J+ *-• ac^l— *C.LU.-w(\j vr in - # * '\J cjj-h TOO «— " ^ — OJ 21 tC « fNJUfNJ '-O •«— I vjJOfM * •»-< » • • •• r~ ( _) «LU •» — x. — LU (— 2 CO— lt-li— I I ft— I | C— *+ — — • + —i,— t ^J— < + - J. \Z. s£ 12 »0^ «LJ— > OO— I CO — 'O —•(_)•— LJO —I UJC< UWOtNJJ uj i_jot3i— uj \ -*j *- LU LU— •>— 0*3. U_"— ' U_>— . u_ •— < LU1— < «. U_— 'U- — !•— ' •— i •— ' + * viimc/1 -H UJ miSl*£ uu_jcr OL QL Oi T I 'X '^l|LU_JzC_)u^'lJ OM '-"J«-iix)uj< || LJ II II OHM LJ II II t_J If II ~ — uj(— uj •— — M all — OU-O^ZtiJ— «0^ — oo— -o •— — * CM r0 --Tin vO'*- COLT 0-— I 'M HI f- 03 ■— 1—4 i— I •— I (NJfNJ * o oooo <~J>LJ<^J 140 ■—i X < > m. or LJ I— o 00 ►—I •>< o -L. > (_3— — ' — ►— 1 > •* iyjo t_> — — t- ?- — « X ■ >II i— i-h LJO o #". ?_ • ^ > ror-^i—^ -_j — «^ -~o LU JI *• — ►—I mm looo 31 LJOO ► 0-" Q C-JCL < 2T. — -v < mir* •»?■ -M- CC oo— —'OL ^_ a. ZO c - r^-^ «^ _) -<_>■* JO - h- LJ _!._< CJ ,— i— ». h— 1 OO— --XD-. >— >•— * i i ^—io^qlLJ — TO o o — co Q-O LO- «• > a. i-^mo • iH *— — <£~ h- — CsT 00 U.'-' O— ' >-cc CO _j si — r_j EX LL. LJ iHJS LL! <— t — « UJvl (XI O 1— r— «^-4 ji.o 00 UL >_ XlLJ-S-1 -A- '_) — i # — . •U LLJ "^LJOJ— ' 'J 1 1 -»• LJ l| I1 II -^- — <^'— "Ul •"■ 1 1— 4 ^ -— ' —• II -£. LJO. V— — • ->LJ + LJ_J _J ^— ^— < *— • 1 - _p CI ^'y) i/ii/i-i '-OLJL.1 II l| (.0 II II II II II H uj^: »-■>• 73 joo pio — "-.3 t — 1 OQ-PsJ *£ <^T. iotcoo ii •WG1""-! II O't . — 1>_ — ^^^ a — «■»»•»«■*. — — ex. ►— r— cr O^ II O' — r-H ■— * —* II k— f or u ^^o • (JOi^O xxoo jz Ju^o^- 'vOh-oir\— c >— T- ii ii -_iuj^ i— ocdh-x*; II M ±XX>-_) -tt/I^LL-11-lU.hH □ •~* —"-'•—' ^"-"fXUJ^lJ XI^Ij*- a-O II II II H >U- O 01LU0^CJLJ>-'Jf— Ot— i^U X^*-1 OJ m LJ o oo LJ o oo — t — ( ojm o CO O — •» cj> o O •— '(*" u-\ o ■— t •— itj •> i-h & * ■ O # ««•» CO »(SJ O -.1-1 h_>- x m o •— — - «•> X "> O*— 0»-« mXi- 2: o 00 •— t *-> 1— ii— • — _* •+. 03 >»►"■' \ 1 uu_joo v: _)'- j».. **- <£ _j *£ - <-tjcn ,-i M 1— « •— 1 <£ —■>—i ■— « «£ >- 1— 1 it -w o •— '.J 11 1 11 »-« 11 11 11 uji/i 11 • «-—£. n >-«>r n —••— 11 —<<< x" 11 11 uj;r c_j — <•— "— "— !—*<-* 1— !>— «_.— .1— 1 — >--a:u_: 142 L r S f OF REFERENCES Allen, J. S., "Models of wind-driven currents on the continental shelf", Annual Review of Fluid Mechani cs , v . 12, pp. 389-433, 1980. Sakun, A., "Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 1946-71, U.S. Department of Commerce", NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-67 1, pp. 10 3. Bakun, A . , Personal communication, 1981. Coddington, K . , "Measurement of the California Countercurrent", M.S. Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, June 197 9. Dreves, D. A., "Sea levels and metered currents off centra California", M.S. Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, September 198 0. E kma n , V . W . , ocean currents" 2(11), pp. 1-52 'On the influence, of the earth's rotation o n ', Arkiv for Matematik, Astro no mi, och Fysik, 1905 . Halpern, D., et a 1 . , "Oceanographic observations of the 1982 warming of the Tropical Eastern Pacific", Science , v. 221, pp. 1173-1175 16 September 1983. Hamilton, P. and M. Rattray, "A numerical model of the depth dependent wind-driven upwelling circulation on a continental shelf", Journal of Physical Oceanography, v . 8 pp. 437-457, May'197ir Hickey, B. M. and P. Hamilton, "A spin- up model as a diagnostic tool for interpretation of current and density measurements on the continental shelf of the Pacific Northwest " , Journal of Physical Oceanography, v . 10, pp. 12-24, 1980. Rickey, B. M., "The California Current System - Hypothesis and Facts", Contribution Number 10 38 of the Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, 24 April 197 8. Hickey, B. M., A. Huyer and R. L. Smith, "The alongshore coherence and generation of fluctuations in currents and sea level on the Pacific Northwest continental shelf, winter and spring 1975", Journal of Physic a I 0 c e a n o g r 3 p h y , v.ll, pp. 822-8 3 5, June 1981. 143 Huy e r , A . , E . J . C . So bey and R . L . Smith, "The sprin transition in currents over t h e 0 r e g o n c o ntin e n t i 1 s he L f " , Journal of Geophysical Researc h , v. 84, pp. 6995-7011, 1 0 November 19 79. J an o wit 7. , G. S., "A model and observations of t i me - dependent upwelling over the mid-shelf and .slope", Journal of Physical Oceanography, v . 1 10 PP 15 7 4-1583. July 19 8 ) . 1 1 u n k , W . H . , "On the wind driven ocean circulation", Journal of Meteorology , v . 7 , pp. 79-93, 1950'. O'Brien, f. J. and H. E. Hurlburt, "A numerical model of c o a s t a 1 upwelling, Journal o_f Physical. 0 c e a n ; •> ; ; - a p hy , v . 2 , pp. 14-26, January 1972. O'Brien, J . J . , "Upwelling in the ocean: Two and three dimensional models of upper ocean dynamics and variability" , Modeling and Prediction of the Upper L a vers of the Ocean, Pergammon Press, 1977. Re id, J. L., G. I. Roden and J. G. Wyllie, "Studies of the California Current System", Progress Report of the California Cooperative Oceanic Pish erics Investigations, 1 July 1956 to 1 January 1958, pp. 28-56, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ha Jo 11a, California, 1958. Reid, J. L . , Jr. and R. A. Schwa t z lose, "Direct measuremtns of the Davidson Current off central California", J our n a 1 _o f Geophysical Re search , v . 67, pp. 559-565, June 1962. Reid, J . L . , Jr., "Measurements of the California Countercurrent at a depth of 2 5 0 meters", Jour na 1 of Marine Research, v. 20 PP 134-137, 15 July 1962. Ryther, J. H . , "Photosynthesis and fish production in th : sea", Science , v. 166, pp. 72-7b, 30 October 1969. Smith, R . L . , "Peru coastal currents during El Nino: 1976 and 1982", Science , v. 22 1, pp. 139 7-1399, 30 September 1983. Stewart, R. W., "The influence of friction on inert I a 1 models of oceanic circulation", Studies on Oceanography, university of Washington Press, 1965. Suginohara, N . , "Coastal upwelling: onshore - offshore circulation, equatorward coastal jet and poleward undercurrent over a continental shelf slope", Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 12, pp. 272-284, March P3 5~2~" 144 5 v e r drup, 4 . U . , M . W . J o h n s o n a n d R . 4 . h" 1 e n i n g , T i e 0 co an t h e 1 r P h y s L c s , Chemistry, a a d geaer a 1 Biol o gy , Prentice- Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N . J., 194 2. Sverdrup, H. U. and R. fi. FLemiag, "The waters off the coast of Southern California", Scripps Institute of Oceanography Bulletin PP 6 1-375, 9 October 1941 II i c k h a m , J . B . , "Observations of the California Undercurrent" , Journal of Marine Research , v . 33, p p 340, September JTT T~. ' 3 25 45 [NTIAL 0 I ST R I BUT ION LIST .'lo. Conies 1 . Chairman Code 68 Department: of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School Monterey , CA 9 3 9 A3 2. Director N aval 0 c e anography Division ( 0 P 9 5 2 ) Navy Department Washington, DC 20350 3. Office of Naval Research Code 430 Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity NSTL Station, USD 39 5 29 4. Dr. Robert E. Stevenson Scientific Liaison Office, 0 N R Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jo 11a, CA 9 2037 5. SIO Library University of California, San Diego P.O. Box 2367 La J o 1 1 a , C A 9 2 0 3 7 b . Department of Oceanogra p h y L i b r a r y University of Washington Seattle, WA 98105 7. Department of Oceanograpny Library Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97 33 1 8. Commanding Officer Fleet Numerical Weather Central Monterey, CA 93940 9. Commanding Officer Naval Environmental Prediction Research Facility Monterey, CA 93940 L 0 . Commander Oceanographic Systems Pacific Box 1390 Pearl Harbor, H a v; a i i 9 6 8 & 0 146 1 1 . Def :nse Technical Information Center ■ C a ;n e :' o n Station Alexandria, V A 22314 12. Library Code 0142 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 9 3943 13. Commanding Officer Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity NSTL Station, MS 39 5 29 14. Commander Naval Ocean o g r a p h y Co mma n d NSTL Station, MS 39 5 29 15. Commanding Officer Naval Oceanographic Office NSTL Station, MS 39 5 29 16. Or. S. P. Tucker, Code 6 8 T x Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 17. Professor J . B . Wickham, Code 6 8 W k Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943 18. Lt. K . Coddlngton Department of Ocean Sciences U.S. Coast Cuard Academy New London, Ct 0 6 320 19. l C D R R . L . Harrod 1AGS, Blgd. 144 Ft. Sam Houston, TX 7823 4 147 1 3 3 ; 2iU236 Thesis H293U7 Harrod c.l Observations of the California Counter- current . 21023G Thesis H293iiT Harrod c.l Observations of the California Counter- current .