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REMINGTON KELLOGG
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MARINE MAMMALOGY

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

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PROF. OWEN ON CERTAIN FOSSIL BONES. iL)

tinguishes this tooth in the Lophiodon from that of the Tapir. The teeth of the fossil
from Georgia a little exceed in size those of the Lophiodon Isselanus (Grand Lophiodon
d@’ Issel, Cuvier, ‘ Ossemens Fossiles,’ ed. 1822, tom. 2, pt. 1, p. 184, pl. 3, fig. 3,) the
antero-posterior diameter of the last molar in that species being one inch and eight
lines, and in the present fossil one inch ten lines. But the depth of the jaw below
the middle of the last molar in the present fossil is three inches; whilst that in the
Lophiodon Isselanus in the figure cited, is scarcely two inches; and Cuvier expressly
states (p. 186) that it surpasses in depth the corresponding part of the jaw of the
Lophiodon medius (pl. 3, fig. 1,) which has molar teeth of the same size as in the
Lophiodon Isselanus.

The present fossil has been described and figured in “ Silliman’s American Journal
of Science,” vol. 43, 1842, pl. 3, fig. 1, under the name of Sus Americana; Dr. Harlan
conceiving that from its general appearance and number of the teeth this fragment
bore a close analogy with the same part in the Sws babirussa, Buff., acknowledging,
however, that the Babyroussa “ wasa much smaller animal.”” Besides the difference
of size, the last molar in the fossil has the anterior transverse ridge proportionally
larger, and the posterior lobe proportionally smaller than in the Babyroussa, resem-
bling the Lophiodon in the points in which it thus differs from the species of Sus cited.
The form of the fossil jaw differs at the part supporting the last molar from that in
the Babyroussa, where the socket of the last molar overhangs the inner surface of the
ramus, whilst in the fossil the inner surface of the ramus beneath the last molar
describes a gentle convexity from the tooth to the lower margin of the ramus. The
outer part of the ramus of the jaw of the Babyroussa begins to expand below the
fourth and fifth molars, counting forwards from the last, to form the socket of the
large tusk; but the fossil jaw does not offer the least indication of an enlargement
for that purpose; and the fractured anterior end, as displayed in the cast, is very
different in shape from the corresponding part of the jaw in the Babyroussa, and
shows merely the wide dental canal, and no socket for the tusk which would be here
situated in the Babyroussa or Wild Boar.

The nearest approximation which I could make from a study of a cast of the fossil
in question to any known existing or extinct animal, was to the great tapiroid Pachy-
derms; but I added in my description of this cast in the “ Catalogue of Fossil Mam-
malia and Birds in the College of Surgeons,” 4to., 1845, p. 198, “that ulterior dis-
coveries, may, indeed, show that the Lophiodont dentition was combined with other
characters ii the American fossil, necessitating a generic distinction, and it is well to
remember that the dentition of the Macranchenia, of South America, a three-toed
Pachyderm with an astragalus almost identical with that of the Lophiodon, and of a
size which agrees with the jaw of the fossil Sws Americana of Harlan, has yet to be
discovered.”

The original of the cast shows the course of the enamel on the outer side of the

20 PROF. OWEN ON CERTAIN FOSSIL BONES.

penultimate molar ; it there defines an anterior lobe of the crown about the one-third
the antero-posterior extent of the crown, by a close, straight fold of enamel penetrating
inwards about 22 lines.

The anterior lobe or transverse ridge of the corresponding tooth of a Lophiodon
might, perhaps, present a similar appearance, if worn down to the base of the crown.

But in the present fossil, the enamel proceeds to define a middle lobe on the outer
side of the crown, shorter than the foregoing, beyond which the enamel and dentine
are worn obliquely away to the base of the posterior fang; the indication of the
middle external lobe or festoon of enamel is, however, decisive against its generic
relationship with Lophiodon.

This indication of the arrangement of the enamel, slight as it is, reminds one of
that in the lower molars of the Tozodon,* and another feature of resemblance is the
apparent interruption of the enamel at the anterior part of the molar in the fossil. If
the presence of two distinct fangs in the Georgian Fossil were adduced as dis-
tinguishing it from the Toxodon, it might be replied that perhaps the long curved
rootless molars in that animal at the last period of age might, as in the Horse, acquire
root.

But the trilobed character is on the outside of the molar in question, and on the
inside of those of the Toxodon; in which also the middle lobe only has a coat of
enamel, not the anterior or posterior of the inner lobes: there is no doubt, therefore,
that the Georgian Pachyderm is as generically distinct from Tozxodon, as it is from
Lophiodon ; and it would seem to have diminished the interval which divides the
strange Gliriform Pachyderm of South America, from the more normal Tapiroid
forms of Pachyderms which are found fossil in the old world.

As naturalists have accepted the latinized Indian word Tapirus as the generic
name of the existing American Pachyderm, which makes the nearest approach to the
present remarkable fossil, they will probably sanction the application to the genus
and species which it represents, of the name Harlanus Americanus ;+ in honour of the
indefatigable and accomplished naturalist by whom the fossil was first made known
to science.

Royal College of Surgeons, London, July 8th, 1846.

* Fossil Mammalia of the Beagle, pl. 5, fig. 2.

t The annexed drawing of this fossil was made in London under the supervision of Prof. Owen.

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