A

rio

7

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Library of the

Museum of

Comparative Zoology

Occasional Papers on MoUusks

Published by
The Department of Mollusks

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

VOLUME 5 30 August 1989 NUMBER 67*

MOLLUSCAN TAXA OF
ADDISON EMERY VERRILL M CZ

AND KATHARINE JEANNETTE BUSH,3RARy
INCLUDING THOSE INTRODUCED BY

SANDERSON SMITH AND .rp ^-
ALPHEUS HYATT VERRILL ^^^ ^^ '^89

Richard I. Johnson HARVARD

Abstract. All of the some 550 moUuscan taxa introdu^cedFby '
Addison Emery Verrill, Katharine Jeannette Bush, Sander-
son Smith, and Alpheus Hyatt Verrill are listed alphabeti-
cally. Most of the species occur in the north western Atlantic
Ocean, but a few are from the Bermuda and Caribbean
Islands and Lower California. Illustrations are provided of
almost all of the previously unfigured types. Bibliographies
of papers on mollusks by the several authors are included.

Historical Section 3

Relevant Literature 13

MoUuscan Taxa

Remarks 14

Acknowledgments 16

Abbreviations 17

List of Types 18

Literature Cited 74

Dredging Station Locations 77

*Volume 5 starts with Number 67

1

2 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Bibliographies

A. E. Verrill 84

K. J. Bush 94

S. Smith 95

A. H. Verrill 96

Index 99

Plates 108

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 3

HISTORICAL SECTION

Addison Emery Verrill, first professor of zoology at Yale
University, was one of the leading figures in the third era of
American conchology, which William H. Dall called the
Stimpsonian Period after WilHam Stimpson (1832-1872).
"This period can hardly be said to have been introduced by
an epoch-making work, but gradually the old methods were
discarded for the new. This meant adopting radical changes
in classification and welcoming the theory of evolution with
all the light it shed in dark places" (Dall, 1888: 97). Stimpson
was preparing a manual of the marine invertebrates from
Maine to Georgia for the Smithsonian Institution based on
the most extensive collection of eastern American inverte-
brates ever brought together, but it, along with the manu-
script, was destroyed in the great Chicago fire of October 1871.
Stimpson died the following year, only forty years old. It was
Verrill who with the aid of his brother-in-law, Sidney Irving
Smith, prepared a more geographically limited, but com-
prehensive manual, Report upon the Invertebrate Animals
of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters (1873). Verrill was to
write extensively on the marine invertebrates of eastern
North America based on subsequent collections made by the
United States Fish Commission. Many of these works were
exclusively on mollusks. Some, like those of Dall, were based
on the spoils of Alexander Agassiz' expeditions on the
government ships Blake and Albatross which Agassiz under-
took at his own expense. When Dall wrote his paper, Some
American Conchologists (1888), Stimpson, who was thirteen
years his senior, was long dead "cut off early in his career
showing more promise than accomplishment," but Dall
could hardly have called the period after himself or Verrill,
who were very much alive, and among its most accomplished
members.

Verrill was born on his father's farm on Furlong Mountain
in Greenwood, Maine on February 9, 1839, and was named
for a close friend of his parents, Nathan Addison Emery, who
died from a fall shortly thereafter. Verrill's parents, George

4 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Washington Verrill and Lucy Hillborn, were both descended
from Colonial families; the Verrill line from an ancestor who
settled in Gloucester, Massachusetts about 1720 and the Hill-
borns from a Quaker who settled in Pennsylvania before
1688. As in many other old American families, some became
entranced with their ancestors, especially as they correctly
perceived that they were being outnumbered by newer arriv-
als as the nineteenth century advanced. Writing in this
century, Verrill's son, George Elliot Verrill (1958) traced the
Verrill name, and its variations, and concluded that the var-
ious branches of the family had a common progenitor, a
Norman who came to England with William the Conqueror
in 1066 and settled in Sussex County.

Interestingly, Verrill's sister, Lucy Ellen, married Henry
Rust Mighels of Norway, Maine in 1866. He was the son of Dr.
Jesse Wedgwood Mighels (1795-1861), the pioneer concholo-
gist of Maine, whose collection of shells and books at the
Portland Society of Natural History was destroyed in the
Portland fire of 1854. During the 1840s he published several
illustrated articles in the Boston Journal of Natural History
describing new native shells (Johnson, 1949). Mighels re-
turned from Cincinnati, Ohio to Norway, Maine in 1857
where he remained until his death. He must have been
known to young Verrill.

Addison's interest in marine zoology is said to have been
awakened by his grandfather Hillborn who took him for a
walk along the sea shore at Cape Elizabeth, near Portland,
Maine when he was ten years old and told him the vernacu-
lar names of the invertebrates which they found. His real
passion at this age became minerals and he secured copies of
C. T. Jackson's reports on the geology of Maine. Writing
many years later he said, "About a dozen years later [age
twenty-two] I was associated with Dr. Jackson as an officer of
the Boston Society of Natural History [curator of Radiates,
1864-1870] and I had the pleasure of telling him how much his
reports had helped me in my early efforts to study geology by
myself. When I was about twelve years old my father
obtained for me Dana's small Manual of Mineralogy, but I

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 5

little thought that I would eventually be the colleague of that
eminent scientific man in Yale University. Later I also
obtained Professor Asa Gray's Manual of Botany, little
thinking that subsequently I would be a student under him at
Harvard" (Verrill, 1958: 92).

In 1844 when Verrill was fourteen years old, his father was
seriously injured, and the family moved to Norway, Maine
where his father ran a successful general store until his
death in 1862. Young Verrill prepared for college at the Nor-
way Liberal Institute, which later became the public high
school, between 1853-1859.

In addition to a passion for botany and an interest in
photography, Verrill began to collect birds and mammals.
Before he entered Harvard, he had already amassed a suite
of specimens numbering two hundred birds and mammals.
Although not particularly interested in insects, he aided a
younger friend, Sidney Irving Smith (1843-1926) who became
an authority on marine and freshwater Crustacea as well as
the insects of Maine. Smith followed Verrill to Yale where he
earned his Ph.D. in 1867 and became a professor of zoology.

Early in May 1859, when he was little more than twenty
years old, Verrill entered the Lawrence Scientific School of
Harvard University with advanced standing. He must have
been present at the ground breaking ceremony on June 14 of
Louis Agassiz' Museum of Comparative Zoology, which was
ready for occupancy the following May. By this time Agassiz
had hired Edward Sylvester Morse (1838-1925), another
Maine boy and friend of Verrill, who later was to publish the
first work on the terrestrial shells of Maine in the then new
Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History. Subse-
quently, Morse became director of the Peabody Museum of
Salem. Between 1877-1879 he visited Japan to teach zoology
and became the father of zoological study there. He studied
Japanese culture and made a distinguished collection of
Japanese pottery. Among the mollusks he collected there
were two new species of cephalopoda from Tokyo Bay which
he sent to Verrill for description.

Among the other student assistants during the years of

6 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1859-1864, most of whom became distinguished researchers,
were Alexander Agassiz, Frederic Ward Putnam, Alpheus S.
Packard, Jr., Nathaniel Southgate Shaler, Samuel Scudder,
Alpheus Hyatt, Albert Ordway, Caleb Cooke, William H.
Dall, and Albert Smith Bickmore. In his first annual report
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology for 1859, Louis
Agassiz wrote, "Mr. Verrill has arranged the corals, and has
made a special study of the embryology of the class of Birds.
To aid in the latter purpose, he passed the summer on the
island of Grand Manan." When he returned at the end of the
summer, Verrill had some 1200 bird embryos as well as
numerous bird and fish skeletons.

Early in 1861 Agassiz sent Verrill, Ordway, and Putnam to
obtain specimens from the Smithsonian Institution to "get
as many corals, birds, birds' eggs, and mammals of all kinds
as you can and gain the confidence of Prof. [Joseph] Henry
(1797-1878) by talking with him." William Stimpson, then
established as a marine invertebrate zoologist, who had been
an Agassiz student about a decade before, and whom Verrill
had previously met in Cambridge, was the first person to call
on the young men as soon as they arrived in Washington.
While there, Verrill met Spencer Fullerton Baird (1825-1887),
who was to become an important contact, as Baird was
appointed United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisher-
ies, and eventually succeeded Joseph Henry as Secretary of
the Smithsonian. He also met Count Louis F. de Pourtales, a
former pupil of Agassiz in Switzerland, who had joined the
United States Coast Survey in 1848 and was first in this
country to attempt deep sea dredging.

During the summer of 1861, Alpheus Hyatt (1838-1902) and
Nathaniel Southgate Shaler (1841-1906) visited Anticosti
Island, in the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, to collect geological,
paleontological, and zoological specimens. It was here that
Verrill had a serious introduction to those marine inverte-
brates to which he was to devote most of his professional
career.

Verrill's friendship with Hyatt continued through life, and
he named his second son after him. Hyatt became curator at

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 7

the Boston Society of Natural History as well as being in
charge of the fossil cephalopod collection at the Museum of
Comparative Zoology. He also served as professor of zoology
and paleontology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
ogy and professor of biology at Boston University. He pub-
lished on the systematics and evolution of ammonoids and
on fossil gastropods of the freshwater family Planorbidae,
and was working on the Hawaiian tree snails at the time of
his death. Hyatt was essentially a philosopher, lost in specu-
lation concerning the significance of the adaptations of the
animals he discovered. Like most of Agassiz' students he
early embraced evolutionary theory, not as a Darwinian, but
rather as a neo-Lamarckian and developed a theory of
"racial senescence" which gained some popularity until the
formulation of the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory
in the 1930s.

Shaler was appointed assistant in paleontology in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology in 1864, and the following
year began teaching zoology and geology in the Lawrence
Scientific School eventually becoming its dean. He was
gifted in generalization and in the popularization of science.
While Shaler may have considered himself an early Darwin-
ian, he became more of a neo-Lamarckian as time went on,
a term coined by Alpheus S. Packard, Jr.

Verrill in contrast to Hyatt and Shaler was a painstaking,
hardworking investigator who devoted himself to discover-
ing the most minute morphological characteristics that
would distinguish two closely allied species, as well as tack-
ling tangles of synonymy that might have discouraged
anyone else. While the vogue in zoology changed from tax-
onomy to comparative anatomy, then to the study of adapta-
tions and the evidences for evolution, and finally to experi-
mental genetics at the beginning of the century, Verrill
maintained to the end of his life the importance of taxonomy
as a necessary preliminary to more specialized biological
work.

The Anticosti Island trip did not lead to any extensive pub-
lications, and nothing appears to have been announced in

8 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

regard to the original purpose of the trip which was to test the
anti-Darwinian teachings of Agassiz. On the contrary, this
field experience helped to instill the belief of organic evolu-
tion in one form or another in the young men. In later years
Hyatt, who commanded his own yacht, said it had been an
extremely dangerous trip and that they should not have
come back at all.

In 1863 Agassiz published in the annual report of the
museum, a new set of regulations for museum assistants
which caused nearly all of them, with the obvious exception
of Alexander Agassiz, to leave the museum. E. S. Morse was
the first to depart, followed by F. W. Putnam, A. S. Packard,
Jr., A. Hyatt, and A. E. Verrill. A. S. Bickmore wrote the first
annual report on Mollusca that year and then was dismissed
by Agassiz for soliciting funds for an expedition to Amboina
to re-collect the shells described by Rumphius in the sixteenth
century. He later became scientific "father" of the American
Museum of Natural History.

When George Peabody endowed the Peabody Museum in
Salem, Massachusetts, Putnam became director and invited
the others to help reorganize the museum of the East India
Marine Society and to incorporate the natural history collec-
tions of the Essex Institute. Verrill was looked upon as the
spokesman of the "Salem Secession," (Dexter, 1965: 1) but he
was in Salem for only a short time before he took an
appointment as a full professor in zoology in the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale University. He was made a member
of the governing board, and became curator of all the zoolog-
ical collections at the age of twenty-five.

In 1866 George Peabody also gave Yale University the
funds to "found and maintain a museum of natural history,
especially in the departments of zoology, geology, and min-
eralogy." Verrill moved into the original Yale Peabody
Museum in 1876, and finally had the opportunity to put on
display the collections he had been accumulating since he
arrived in New Haven a dozen years before. He had already
written extensively on cephalopods, especially giant ones,
an interest that would persist at least until 1897 when he

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 9

wrote on a "Supposed giant Cephalopod on the Florida
coast," Octopus giganteus Verrill, which only recently was
proven to be an Octopus based on fragments of it that had
been sent to the Smithsonian Institution. Therefore, not sur-
prisingly among the exhibits were a life size model squid over
forty feet long counting the two thirty foot tentacles and a
giant octopus. These were designed by Verrill but con-
structed by James H. Emerton of Salem, Massachusetts, who
became Verrill's assistant and illustrator in 1880. They were
made of papier-m^ch6, rubber, and any other materials at
hand. Three copies of the squid were made and two of the
octopus. Only one model remains on exhibit, that of a huge
reddish octopus suspended from the ceiling of the Coral
Room at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The room is a
memorial to his lifelong friend from college days, Alexander
Agassiz (Hall and Hall, 1985: 46).

During his first year at Yale, Verrill roomed with Daniel C.
Eaton, Professor of Botany. They formed a friendship which
lasted as long as they lived and in which their families
participated after they both married. Verrill married Flora
Louisa Smith in Norway, Maine on June 15, 1865. She was
the sister of Sidney Irving Smith, whom Verrill had be-
friended in Maine and who became a distinguished Yale
professor himself. The Verrills had six children, including
Major George E. Verrill, an engineer who constructed
breakwaters, and became his father's biographer and
Alpheus Hyatt Verrill, who described a few shells in his
latter years.

During his early years at Yale, Verrill did much of his
marine collecting along the shore by dredging from a small
craft in Long Island Sound, mainly in the vicinity of New
Haven. In 1870 when the United States Commission of Fish
and Fisheries was created with Spencer F. Baird as commis-
sioner, he appointed Verrill as his assistant in charge of all of
the invertebrate collections. The first investigations were
made in 1871 with Woods Hole, Massachusetts as the base. In
1872 the dredging was conducted out of Eastport, Maine by
the United States Revenue cutter Moss wood under the

10 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

instructions that operations were to be suspended if a suspi-
cious vessel were sighted; however, since smuggling was
done at night, the order does not appear to have upset any
dredging schedule. From 1873 until 1881 when Woods Hole
became the permanent base of operations, work was carried
out by the vessels Bache, Speedwell, and Blake from various
ports between Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode
Island. It was not until the arrival of the vessel Fish Hawk in
1880 that there was sleeping space on board for the scientific
staff, but the Fish Hawk was of light draft and could make
offshore cruises of only a few days' duration. Finally in 1883
the Commission received a specially built research steam-
ship, the Albatross, of about 1,000 tons, which had good
accommodations and facilities for the scientists and was
able to dredge in much deeper water than previously possi-
ble. When Baird died in 1887 coastal dredging off New Eng-
land was discontinued and not resumed until 1954 (Galtsoff,
1962: 48).

Verrill's studies provided a basis of knowledge of the ma-
rine benthic invertebrates of the Woods Hole region extend-
ing at least to the 100 fathom line. Published in 1871 , it is still
a major source of information about benthic communities of
this area. In "Notice of a remarkable marine fauna occupy-
ing the outer banks off the southern coast of New England,
and some additions to the fauna of Vineyard Sound" (1884),
he describes the rich fauna along the 100 fathom line between
latitudes 35°40' and 40°22' N and longitudes 69°15' and
71°32' W. He concludes that the number of species and abun-
dance of individuals in this area "is due very largely to the
annual uniformity of the temperature enjoyed at all seasons
of the year, at all those depths that are below the immediate
effects of the atmospheric changes. The region ... is subject
to the combined effects of the Gulf Stream on one side and the
cold northern current on them, together with the gradual
decrease in temperature in proportion to the depth." He also
describes the effects of the Gulf Stream in bringing "vast
quantities of free-swimming animals which furnish an inex-
haustible supply of food for many bottom animals."

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 11

" Verrill's conclusion about the condition responsible for the
abundance of life along the 100 fathom line in an area south of
Woods Hole shows a highly developed power of observation
and the ability of the author to visualize a general ecological
picture from the multitude of detached observations. Verrill
never lost sight of the forest because of the trees" (Galtsoff,
1962: 48).

"For more than thirty years [Verrill] had the faithful assis-
tance of Dr. Katharine J. Bush (1855-1937), co-author of sev-
eral of his papers on mollusks and annelids, whose accuracy
and ability are reflected in nearly all of Professor Verrill's
publications during that period," wrote her brother-in-law,
Wesley R. Coe (1929). Katharine Bush was educated in public
and private schools in New Haven, but had not attended
college, when in 1879 at the age of twenty-three, she was hired
by Verrill. He noted in the 1880 annual report of the Peabody
Museum she, "has been employed in completing the cata-
logues and writing labels," and in the next year's report, she
had been promoted to arranging and cataloguing collections
made by the United States Fish Commission at the commis-
sion's expense.

By 1885 she was taking courses at the Sheffield Scientific
School and by 1901 became the first woman to earn a doctor-
ate in zoology at Yale. Bush's research was on the taxonomy
and systematic classification of marine invertebrates, espe-
cially mollusks, annelids, and echinoderms, based primarily
on the material collected by Alexander Agassiz and the Unit-
ed States Fish Commission. Her papers appeared under her
own name or as junior author with Verrill. Among her last
works on mollusks was "Notes on the family Pyramidellidae"
(1909); this was in response to a paper on the same subject
written earlier the same year by Paul Bartsch (1871-1960), in
which she complained about his purloining of her unpub-
lished work. Dr. Bush left the Museum about 1913 or 1914 to
become a patient at the Hartford Retreat (now called The
Institute for Living) where she died in 1937. Wesley Coe, her
brother-in-law and bibliographer of Verrill, sent a short para-
graph to Yale Alumni Weekly, which on May 7, 1937 gave the

12 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

barest facts of her life. She never married and Katharine
Bush's admiring biographer, Jeanne E . Remington, adds that
"a series of rented rooms was home to Katharine Bush;" then
hsts the various addresses and even suppHes a photograph of
the entrance to one of them (Remington, 1977: 4, 6).

In addition to Bush, Verrill was long associated with San-
derson Smith (1832-1915) during the investigations of the
marine fauna made by the United States Fish Commission
from 1875 to 1887. Working without compensation Smith was
a careful and enthusiastic collector who rendered valuable
services in connection with the dredging during those years.
Verrill mentioned that, "although unfortunate circumstances
prevented his participating largely in the final working up of
the collections as planned, his name appears jointly with that
of the writer, in connection with a large number of new species
of deep sea shells discovered by us."

During the spring of 1898 Verrill visited the Bermuda
Islands, accompanied by, among others, C. Montague Cooke,
Jr. (1874-1948) who was one of his students both as an under-
graduate and as a Ph.D. candidate. In 1901 Verrill again
visited the Bermuda Islands, this time accompanied by his
wife and one of his sons, Alpheus Hyatt Verrill (1871-1954)
who helped collect and make colored drawings, as well as
photographs, of many of the specimens. He invented the
autochrome photographic process in 1902. Verrill senior wrote
extensively on all aspects of Bermuda, his last related paper
appearing in 1923. A. H. Verrill became a naturaHst and
explorer and spent much of his life in Central and South
America. He wrote many popular books on archaeological
subjects and two on shells (1936 and 1950). In his seventy-
third year he established a shell business in Lake Worth,
Florida and began describing shells from the Caribbean that
he believed to be new species.

The elder Verrill wrote his last paper on mollusks in 1906
and though he retired in 1910, he remained active and con-
tinued to publish numerous works on invertebrates. He died in
1926 while visiting his son and biographer, George, in Santa
Barbara, California.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 13

RELEVANT LITERATURE

Agassiz, L. 186L Report of the trustees of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, 186L pp. 1-50.

1863. Annual report of the trustees of the Museum of Comparative

Zoology together with the report of the director, 1862. pp. 1-41.

1864. Annual report of the trustees of the Museum of Comparative

Zoology together with the report of the director, 1863. pp. 1-56.

1865. Annual report of the trustees of the Museum of Comparative

Zoology at Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts together
with the report of the director, 1864. pp. 1-51.

Coe, W. R. 1929. Biographical Memoir of Addison Emery Verrill (1839-1926).
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Bio-
graphical Memoirs 14: 19-66.

Dall, W. H. 1888. Some American Conchologists. Proceedings of the Biologi-
cal Society of Washington 4: 95-134.

Dexter, R. W. 1954. Three young naturalists afield: the first expedition of
Hyatt, Shaler, and Verrill. The Scientific Monthly 79 (1): 45-51.

1965. The "Salem secession" of Agassiz zoologists. Essex Institute

Historical Collections 101 (1): 1-13.

1979. The impact of evolutionary theories on the Salem group of Agas-

siz zoologists (Morse, Hyatt, Packard, Putnam). Essex Institute Histor-
ical Collections 115 (3): 144-171.

Galtsoff, P. S. 1962. The story of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries biolog-
ical laboratory. Woods Hole, Massachusetts. United States Department
of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisher-
ies. Circular 145: 1-121.

Hall, E. and M. 1985. About the exhibits. Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 1-56.

Johnson, R. I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a
catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on MoUusks, Harvard Uni-
versity, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1 (14): 213-231, pi. 27.

Linton, E. 1915. Reminiscences of the Woods Hole Laboratory of the Bureau
of Fisheries, 1882-89. Science, n.s. 41: 737-753.

Remington, J. E. 1977. Katharine Jeannette Bush: Peabody's Mysterious
Zoologist. Discovery 12 (3): 2-8.

1977. Curatorial staff of Yale's Museum of Natural History and its

antecedent collections, 1802-1977. Discovery 12 (3): 32-42, fold out.

Verrill, A. E. 1883. Description of some of the apparatus used by the United
States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Annual report of the United
States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1880, pp. 65-74, pis. 1-4.

14 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1884. Physical characters of the portion of the Continental Border

beneath the Gulf Stream, explored by the "Fish Hawk," 1880 to 1882.
Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisher-
ies for 1882, pp. 1045-1057, pis. 1-5.

_ 1910. Alexander Agassiz. American Journal of Science 39 (4): 685-686.

_ 1926. Sidney Irving Smith. Science, n.s. 54: 57-58.

Verrill, G. E. 1958. The ancestry, life and work of Addison E. Verrill of Yale
University. Pacific Coast Publishing Company, Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia, pp. vii, 1-99.

Wayman, D. G. 1942. Edward Sylvester Morse. A biography. Harvard Uni-
versity Press, pp. ix, 1-457

MOLLUSCAN TAXA DESCRIBED BY

A. E. VERRILL, K. J. BUSH, AND S. SMITH

AND LATER BY A. H. VERRILL, WITH

THEIR ORIGINAL REFERENCES, TYPE LOCALITIES

AND THE LOCATION OF THE TYPE SPECIMENS.

REMARKS

For convenience of reference the following list of taxa
introduced by the above authors is arranged alphabetically
by species. In addition to the original reference, subsequent
ones are also cited if they include the first figure of a type or
other relevant information. References to later collections
are usually not included. Since many of the dredging sta-
tions are mentioned many times over, their longitude and
latitude are listed beginning on page 77. There were very few
Bache stations so they are included in the original refer-
ences. Complete lists of the dredging stations in North Amer-
ican waters between 1867 and 1887 which include other data
such as water temperature and types of bottoms were com-
piled by Smith (1888).

Most of the available types which were previously not
illustrated are figured here. The figures on the plates are
arranged by genera insofar as possible, though the several
species described from Lower California are arranged geo-
graphically. The actual measurements are given on the plate
captions. All data in brackets have been found on original
labels, are additions or corrections from recent maps, or are

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 15

comments by this author. No attempt has been made to
discuss the present status of any of the taxa. This is a task for
individual revisers.

As a partial compensation for his work, the Fish Commis-
sion allowed Verrill to keep the first set of duplicates as his
personal property, after sending the types and unique speci-
mens to the National Museum of Natural History. Other
duplicates were to be sent to other institutions. However, he
did not finish working on the material until 1908, and except
for his own set of duplicates which he sold to Yale's Peabody
Museum, all of the material was returned to Washington,
save for six holotypes which appear to have been overlooked.
The types in the Division of Mollusks are segregated, and
there is a file of the types which made the task of locating and
determining holotypes, either figured or unfigured, easier
than originally expected. When this could not be done, and
when the original description was not based on a single
specimen, lectotypes have sometimes been selected from
among the syntypes. In all such cases the specimens are
figured. Lectotypes have been selected from specimens in the
National Museum when possible, otherwise from those in the
Peabody Museum, where the types are also separated from
the main collection. With the exception of two cephalopods
sent to Verrill by E. S. Morse, and one he deposited in Can-
ada, all of his extant types in this class are in Washington
and were studied by Roper and Sweeney (1978), and no
attempt has been made to do more than include their
findings.

The types of the species described by Bush for Alexander
Agassiz are in the general collection of mollusks at the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. The collections made in
Bermuda should be in the Peabody Museum, but only one lot
described in Verrill's 1900 paper on nudibranchia was
located and none from the 1901 paper, nor could the several
subspecies of Poecilozonites, a fossil land snail from Ber-
muda, be found.

Many of the species which bear Bush's name do so jointly
with Verrill; they are included in papers authored by him and

16 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

those that were co-authored. In addition are those which
were described solely by Bush. Almost all of the species
which bear Smith's name do so jointly with Verrill, who with
Smith, recognized them as new when they were first sorted,
"for such species, 'Verrill and Smith' are usually given as
authorities," but Verrill makes it clear that he, alone, is
responsible for the descriptions of all the species (Verrill,
1884: 140).

Since J. H. Emerton, Verrill's artist, did not publish on
mollusks himself, but was included as an authority with
Verrill in a few instances, he is mentioned here in this con-
nection for the first time. In addition to the species in which
Verrill included Sanderson Smith as an authority are listed
the few which Smith described by himself or with Temple
Prime.

Verrill described some 402 species of mollusks among
these are 97 with Bush as joint author, 39 with Smith, and 2
with Emerton. No type material was located for 75 of these.
Bush described 73 species, and type material was found for
all but 4 of them. Together or separately Verrill and Bush
introduced over 60 genera or other higher categories.

As mentioned previously, the molluscan taxa introduced
by Alpheus Hyatt Verrill are included here so as to avoid
confusion with those of his father. Most of his taxa were
published in mimeographed form, but their validity was con-
firmed by Coan (1976). Unfortunately, most of these types
were in his private collection, the deposition of which is
unknown.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It gives me pleasure to thank those people whose willing
cooperation eased the task of accumulating data. Dr. M. G.
Harasewych gave me access to the types in the National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and
Mrs. Raye N. Germon prepared the loan of those which were
previously unfigured. Dr. Willard D. Hartman allowed me to
examine all of the types in the Peabody Museum of Natural
History, Yale University, and to borrow those requested. Dr.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

17

Arthur E. Bogan of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia studied the Turbonilla in that institution des-
cribed by K. J. Bush and made available the unfigured types.
Drs. Anders War^n, James McLean, Robert G. Moolen-
beek, Clyde F. E. Roper, Ruth D. Turner, and others who
kindly supplied photographs, drawings, and information are
acknowledged in the text. Unless otherwise mentioned, the
photographs were taken by Mr. David H. Backus. Dr. Ken-
neth J. Boss and Mr. Alan Rabat made many helpful sugges-
tions and frank criticisms. The latter also called attention to
the recent study confirming Verrill's Octopus giganteus to be
a Cephalopod. Mrs. Marion D. Britz patiently aided in pre-
paring the work for the press.

ABBREVIATIONS

AJS
ALYNH

ANSP

ARUSCFF

BMCZ
MCCSC

MCZ

PANSP

PUSNM

TCAAS

USNM

YPM

American Journal of Science and Arts
Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of
New York

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania

Annual report of the United States Commis-
sioner of Fish and Fisheries
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern
California

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences of Philadelphia

Proceedings of the United States National
Museum

Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of
Arts and Sciences

National Museum of Natural History, Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington, District of
Columbia

Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale Uni-
versity, New Haven, Connecticut

18 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

LIST OF TYPES

Aaronia A. H. Verrill, Subgenus

1950, MCCSC no. 103: 4. Type species: Murex (Aaronia) strausi A. H.
Verrill 1950, by monotypy.

abrupta Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANSP 52: 168, pi. 8, fig. 4 (St. Thomas, West Indies). Holotype
ANSP 79012, only specimen.

abyssicola Verrill and Bush, Cardiomya

1898, PUSNM 20: 806, pi. 73, fig. 4; pi. 74, fig. 1; pi. 77, fig. 9 (1885-86,
Albatross, three stations between 40°29'N, 66°14'W and 36°47'N,
73°9'30"W, 1685-1813 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM 78935 sta.
2723, fig. 1; paralectotypes USNM 78896 sta. 2723, fig. 4; and USNM
52396 sta. 2461, fig. 9; paralectotype YPM 8826 sta. 2723.

abyssicola Bush, Lissospira (Ganesa)

1897, TCAAS 10: 134 [not figured] (1880, Blake 307, east of Georges Bank,
980 fms.). Holotype, only specimen [not located in USNM or YPM type
collections].

abyssicola Bush, Molleriopsis

1897, TCAAS 10: 138, figs. 6, 7 (1885, Albatross 2572, 1769 fms.). Holotype
USNM 52496, only specimen.

abyssicola Verrill, Puncuturella

1885, TCAAS 6: 425 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2222 [south of Martha's
Vineyard, Massachusetts], 1537 fms.). Holotype USNM 44837, figured by
Farfante (1947: 142, pi. 62, figs. 1-5).

abyssicola Verrill and Bush, Turbonilla bushiana

1909, in Bush, AJS (4) 27: 479 [not figured, no locality; not located in
USNM or YPM type collections].

abyssorum Verrill and Bush, Bathyarca

1898, PUSNM 20: 843, pi. 76, fig. 9 (1885, Albatross 2713, 2714, off Dela-
ware Bay, 1825-1859 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 78793 sta. 2714;
paratype YPM 6737 sta. 2713.

abyssorum Verrill and Smith, Benthodolium

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 111, pi. 31, figs. 12, 12a, 12b, 12c (1883, Albatross
2098, 2221 fms., 2105, 1395 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 35273 sta. 2098;
paratype USNM 35364 sta. 2105.

abyssorum Verrill and Smith, Buccinum Plate 14, fig. 2

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 167, pi. 31, figs. 11, 11a, lib (1883, Albatross
2051 [off North Carolina], 1106 fms., 2052, 1098 fms., 2074, 1309 fms., 2076,
906 fms., 2077, 1255 fms., 2094, 1022 fms., 2102, 1209 fms., 2103, 1091 fms.,
2111, 938 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM 35644 sta. 2111, paralec-
totypes USNM 38319 sta. 2074, USNM 35008 sta. 2077, and USNM 34691
sta. 2094 with the note "used for figures."

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 19

abyssorum Verrill and Bush, Malletia

1898, PUSNM 20: 875, pi. 97, fig. 7 (1875, Albatross 2566, off Chesapeake
Bay, 2620 fms.). Holotype USNM 52159, only specimen. Lateral internal
view [sketch] of the left valve figured by Sanders and Allen ( 1985: 199, fig.
4).

abyssorum Verrill, Periploma

in Bush, 1893, BMCZ23: 227, pi. 2, figs. 12, 13 (1885, [Albatross] 2484, east
of Banquereau [Bank, off Nova Scotia], 204 fms.]). Figured holotype
USNM 52597.

abyssorum Verrill, Trophon

1885, TCAAS 6: 421 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2115, off Cape Hatteras
[North CaroHna], 843 fms., 2076, 906 fms.); 1893 in Bush, BMCZ 23: 240,
pi. 1, fig. 14. Figured holotype USNM 35583 sta. 2115; paratypes USNM
38041 and YPM 38041 both sta. 2076.

acuta Verrill, Bela concinnula

1882, TCAAS 5: 470, pi. 57, fig. 10 (1873, Casco Bay, Maine; 1873-74, 1877
Gulf of Maine, 88-118 fms.; USFC, Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay,
16-20 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 77327 sta. 24B is 42°56'N, 70°09'W.

Adranella Verrill and Bush, Subgenus of Yoldia

1898, USNM 20: 858. Type species: Adranella casta Verrill and Bush 1898,
original designation.

aeglees Bush, Niso

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 585 [83] ([1883] Albatross [2112], off Cape
Hatteras [North CaroHna], 14-15 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 465, pi. 45, figs.
10, 10a. Figured holotype USNM 35862.

affine Verrill, Cyclostrema

1884, TCAAS 6: 199, pi. 32, fig. 15 (1883, Albatross 2115 off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 843 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 38443; paratype
YPM 15772.

affinis Verrill, Limopsis

1885, TCAAS 6:442 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2092, 197 fms.); 1898, in
Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 846, pi. 75, fig. 5. Holotype USNM 44829;
paratype YPM 5774, only specimens.

affinis Verrill and Bush, Periploma

1898, PUSNM 20: 822, pi. 87, fig. 4 (1880-81, Fis/i Hawk, three stations off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100-115 fms.). Figured holotype, in
USNM 159791, right valve, sta. 873; paratype YPM 8832 sta. 949.

agassizii Verrill, Mastigoteuthis

1881, BMCZ 8: 100, pi. 1, fig. 1; pi. 2, figs. 2, 3a-3g (1880, Blake 325, 328,
south of Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 647, 1632 fms.). Figured holo-
type MCZ 3508, sta. 328 [lost]. Syntypes USNM 574642 sta. 325; USNM
729733 sta. 328, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 3).

20 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

agassizii Verrill, Opisthoteuthis

1883, BMCZ 11: 113, pi. 1, fig. 1; pi. 2, fig. 2 (1879, Blake 260, off Grenada
[Windward Islands], 291 fms.). Holotype, only specimen, presumed lost,
not mentioned by Roper and Sweeney (1978).

agassizii Verrill and Smith, Pleurotoma

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 394 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 856-888, off
Newport, Rhode Island, 891, 892, 894, 895; 65-500 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5:
454, pi. 57, figs. 3, 3a, genus changed to: Pleurotomella. Holotype USNM
37828 sta. 880, teste Bouchet and War6n (1980: 50); paratype YPM 15712
sta. 877.

agilis Verrill, Teleoteuthis (Oncychia)

1885, TCAAS 6: 400, pi. 42, figs. 2, 2a (1884, Albatross 2225, off Chesa-
peake Bay [Maryland], at surface). Holotype USNM 40129, only speci-
men, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 3).

alba A. H. Verrill, Voluta musica

1953, MCCSC no. 132: 9 (Grenada [Island, Lesser Antilles]). Type [pre-
sumed to be] in author's collection.

alfordi A. H. Verrill, Voluta musica

1953, MCCSC no. 134: 4, fig. (Tobago [Island]). Six types [presumed to be]
in author's collection.

Alloposidae Verrill, Family

1881, TCAAS 5: 365. TVpe genus mentioned: Alloposus Verrill 1880.

Alloposus Verrill, Genus

1880, AJS (3) 20: 393. Type species: Alloposus mollis Verrill 1880, by
monotypy.

alius Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon croulinensis

1898, PUSNM 20: 787, pi. 88, figs. 1, 2 (1870, Eastport, Maine; 1870,
Speedwell 292, mouth of Cape Cod Bay [Massachusetts], 29 fms.). Figured
holotype YPM 8764, Eastport, Maine; paratypes YPM 8765 sta. 292.

amabilis Verrill, Philine

1880, AJS (3) 20: 398 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 876, about 100 miles
south of Newport, Rhode Island, 120 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 444, pi. 58, figs.
23, 24. Figured holotype USNM 45645; paratype YPM 15711.

amblia Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella lenticula

1898, PUSNM 20: 866, pi. 80, fig. 9; pi. 81, fig. 4 (1878-79, Speedwell, two
stations, north of Cape Cod [Massachusetts], 110-122 fms.). Figured syn-
types USNM 159726 st. 186, separate valves.

amblytera Verrill and Bush, Eulima

1900, TCAAS 10: 526, pi. 64, fig. 8 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15685; paratypes YPM 15684 and YPM 15686.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 21

amblytera Bush, Pleurotoma (Drillia)

1893, BMCZ 23: 203, pi. 1, figs. 5, 5a (1880, Blake 313, off Charleston [South
CaroHna], 75 fms.; 1883, USFC, off Cape Hatteras, North CaroUna, 142
fms.). Figured holotype MCZ 119070 sta. 313.

americana Verrill and Bush, Abra longicallis

1898, PUSNM 20: 778, pi. 83, figs. 6, 7 (1883-86, Albatross, six stations
between 39°49'N, 68°28'30W" and 36°16'30"N, 68° 21'W, 924-2620 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 52170 sta. 2566; paratypes YPM 8835 sta. 2566
and YPM 8834 sta. 2714.

americanus Verrill, Pleurobranchus

1885, TCAAS 6: 429, pi. 44, fig. 13 (1884, Albatross 2262, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 250 fms.). Holotype USNM 40503, only
specimen.

ampla Verrill, Marsenina

1880, PUSNM 3: 374 [not figured] (Eastport, Maine, 1868); 1882, TCAAS 5:
518, pi. 42, figs. 3, 3a. Figured holotype YPM 15703, probably only speci-
men, label also bearing USNM number 12270 [not located in USNM type
collection].

andrewsii Verrill, Scalaria (Opalia)

1882, TCAAS 5: 526, pi. 57, fig. 35 (1880, Fish Hawk 873, off Newport,
Rhode Island, 100 fms.). Holotype USNM 44807, only specimen, refigured
by Clench and Turner (1952: 335, pi. 162, fig. 2).

anomala Verrill and Bush, Bathyarca

1898, PUSNM 20: 844, pi. 77, fig. 8 (1874, Bache 52 is 42°51'N, 68°52.5'W,
off Cashes Ledge [Maine], 27 fms.). Holotype USNM 74081 , only specimen.

antiqua Verrill, Venus mercenaria

1875, AJS (3) 10: 371 (Sankoty Head, Nantucket [Island, Massachusetts]
post-Pliocene). Syntypes YPM [not located].

antiquus Verrill, Poecilozonites reinianus

1906, TCAAS 12: 165 [121], pi. 26, fig. 3 (from a quarry near Castle Harbor
[Bermuda]). Holotype YPM [not located; this taxon not mentioned by
Gould (1969)], only specimen.

apicina Verrill, Cingula

1884, TCAAS 6: 183, pi. 32, fig. 8 (1883, Albatross 2041, 1608 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 38070, only specimen.

arata Verrill, Neptunea (Sipho) Plate 12, fig. 1

1880, PUSNM 3: 370 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 869-880, 893-895, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 85-372 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 499,
500, changed to: Sipho stimpsonii liratulus, non Neptunea arata Gould
1860. Lectotype, here selected, USNM 158833, marked "type", off New-
port, Rhode Island; paralectotypes YPM 15548 sta. 871, YPM 15537 sta.
872 and YPM 15541 sta. 878.

22 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

arata Verrill and Smith, Pholadomya

1881, AJS (3) 22: 301 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 940, 949, 950, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 69-130 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 567, pi.
58, fig. 37. Figured holotype USNM 46140 stas. 949-950.

areolata Verrill, Turbonilla Plate 17, fig. 3

1873, ARUSCFF, p. 658 [364, not figured] (Long Island Sound, near New
Haven [Connecticut]); 1884, TCAAS 6, pi. 32, fig. 13. Figured holotype
YPM 12848.

asperula Bush, Turbonilla Plate 17, fig. 1

1899, PANSP 52: 151 [not figured] (Bermuda); 1900 in Verrill and Bush,
TCAAS 10: 530, pi. 65, fig. 23 as Pyrgostelis {Mumiola) asperula (Bush).
Figured holotype and three paratypes [not located in YPM]; lectotype,
here selected, ANSP 78253.

atlantica Verrill and Smith, Placophora (Euplacophora)

1882, in Verrill, AJS (3) 24: 365 [footnote, not figured, no locality]; 1884,
TCAAS 6: 206, pi. 30, figs. 1, la, lb (1882, Fish Hawk 1124, off Nantucket
Island [Massachusetts], 640 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 106921.

atypha Verrill and Bush, Cetoconcha Plate 8, fig. 2

1898, PUSNM 20: 814 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2229, 1423 fms.).
Lectotype, here selected, USNM 48703; paralectotype YPM 8762 [each a
single broken valve].

atypha Verrill and Bush, Eulima Plate 16, fig. 3

1900, TCAAS 10: 528, pi. 64, fig. 10 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
[lost, teste original label], the remaining paratype YPM 15886 labeled as
lectotype by War6n, 1977. This selection has not yet been published
(War6n pers. comm.) It is, here selected, lectotype.

atypha Bush, Pleurotomella

1883, BMCZ 23: 205, pi. 2, fig. 3 (1880, Blake 325, 326, both off Cape Fear
[North Carolina], 647, 464 fms.). Figured holotype MCZ 187276 sta. 326.

atypha Bush, Turbonilla Plate 16, fig. 10

1899, PANSP 52: 170 [not figured] (Maldonado Bay Uruguay). Lectotype,
here selected, ANSP 70537, only the smaller of the two mentioned speci-
mens remains.

aurantiaca Verrill, Pleurobranchopsis

1900, TCAAS 10: 547, pi. 66, fig. 5 (Coney Island [Bermuda], at low tide,
among algae). Holotype YPM [not located], only specimen.

aureopuncta Verrill, Lamellidoris

1901, TCAAS /7: 31, pi. 4, fig. 9 (Harrington Sound [Bermuda], in shallow
water, under corals). Holotype YPM [not located].

Axinodon Verrill and Bush, Genus

1898, PUSNM 20: 795. Type species: Axinodon ellipticus Verrill and Bush
1898, original designation.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 23

Axinulus Verrill and Bush, Genus or Subgenus [sic]

1898, PUSNM 20: 790. TVpe species: Axinulus brevis Verrill and Bush
1898, original designation.

bairdii Verrill and Smith, Calliostoma

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 396 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 865-880, off
southern New England, 65-252 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 530, pi. 57, fig. 26.
Lectotype USNM 44722 sta. 874, selected by Clench and Turner (1960: 38,
pi. 24, fig. 1); paralectotype MCZ 224685 sta. 874.

bairdii Verrill and Smith, Dolium

1881 , in Verrill, AJS (3) 22: 299 [not figured] (1881 , Fish Hawk 945, 1036, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 202, 94 fms.); 1884, TCAAS 6: 253, pi.
29, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. Holotype USNM 51385 sta. 945.

bairdii Verrill, Octopus

1872 [1873], AJS (3) 5: 5 [footnote] (off Head Harbor, Campobello Island,
78 and 80 fms.; off Herring Cove, 60 fms.; off Grand Manan Island, 106
fins.; [all Charlotte Co., New Brunswick]). Six syntypes USNM 575315;
syntype USNM 574638, collected at four Mosswood stations, teste Roper
and Sweeney (1978: 5). Subsequently discovered specimen MCZ 3488,

1880, Blake 303, 306 fms., figured by Verrill, 1881, BMCZ 8: 107, pi. 2, figs.
4,4a; pi. 4, figs. 1, la.

bairdii Verrill and Smith, Pleurotomella

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 147, pi. 31, fig. 1 (1883, Albatross 2037, 1721
fms.; 2038, 2033 fms.; 2041, 1608 fms.; 2097, 1917 fms.; 2098, 2221 fms.).
[None of the five type lots with the published catalogue numbers menti-
oned as being in the USNM were located]. Figured holotype YPM 15716
[label also bearing USNM number 37824] sta. 2037, female; allotype in the
same lot; paratypes YPM 15717 sta. 2038 and YPM 15718 sta. 2097.

barbadensis A. H. Verrill, Cypraea carneola

1948, MoUusca 2 (3): 70 (Barbardos, [West Indies]). Syntypes [presumed to
be] in author's collection.

beanii Verrill, Brachioteuthis

1881, TCAAS 5: 406, pi. 55, figs. 3-3b, pi. 56, figs. 2-2a (1881, Fish Hawk
1031, 1033, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 255, 183 fms., from
fish stomachs). Syntypes USNM 574640 sta. 1031 and USNM 729736 sta.
1033, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 4).

benedicti Verrill and Bush, Chlamys Plate 8, fig. 4

1897, in Verrill, TCAAS 10: 74 (off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts],
1356 fms., dead; West Indies, 25 to 72 fms., Uving); 1898, in Verrill and
Bush, PUSNM 20: 834, pi. 84, figs. 1-2 (1885, Albatross 2369-2374, 25-27
fms.; 2571, 1356 fms.). Figured holotype USNM [not located]; lectotype,
here selected, YPM 8833, single valve, stations not separated; also para-
lectotype YPM 8865 [in alcohol].

24 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

benedicti Verrill and Smith, Pleurotomella

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 148, pi. 31, figs. 2, 2a (1883, Albatross 2084, 1290
fms.). Figured holotype USNM 38087.

Benthodolium Verrill, Genus

1884, TCAAS 6: 111. Type species: Benthodolium abyssorum Verrill and
Smith 1884, by monotypy.

Benthoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1885, TCAAS 6: 401. Type species: Benthoteuthis megalopsis Verrill 1885,
by monotypy.

bermudae Verrill and Bush, Bulla

1900, TCAAS 10: 523, pi. 64, fig. 4 (Bermuda). Syntypes YPM
[not located].

bermudensis Verrill and Bush, Cerithiopsis

1900, TCAAS 10: 536, pi. 65, fig. 20 ([Ship Channel] Bermuda, 10-12 ft.).
Figured holotype YPM 15676 [paratypes separated].

bermudensis Bush, Lasaea Plate 5, fig. 2

1899, Science 10: 251 [not figured] (Bermuda); 1900, in Verrill and Bush,
TCAAS 10: 518, pi. 63, figs. 4, 5. Lectotype, here selected, YPM 8885.

biamaculatus Verrill, Octopus

1883, BMCZ 11: 121, pi. 5, figs. 1, la; pi. 6 (San Diego [San Diego Co.],
California, D. S. Jordan, USNM; Panama and San Salvador, F. H. Brad-
ley, YPM). Syntype USNM 575560, Jordan's handwritten label reads,
"Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., California"; syntype YPM 17712
from the same locality; both teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 5).

bifida Verrill, Doris

1870, AJS (2) 50: 406 [not figured] (Eastport, Maine, at low-water mark,
under stones); 1873, ARUSCFF, p. 664 [370], pi. 25, fig. 176. Syntype YPM
[lost].

bistellata Verrill, Doris "?"

1900, TCAAS 10: 548, pi. 66, fig. 2 (Castle Harbor [Bermuda], 2-4 feet, on
reefs or dead corals). Figured holotype YPM [lost].

blakeana Bush, Lucina

1893, BMCZ 23: 231, pi. 2, figs. 16, 17 (1880, Blake 326, off Cape Fear [North
Carolina], 464 fms.). Holotype MCZ 119129, single valve.

blakei Verrill, Bela Plate 11, fig. 5

1885, TCAAS 6: 417 [not figured, additions and corrections p. 452] (1884,
Albatross 2226, 2021 fms.). Holotype USNM 44655, only specimen.

blaneyi Bush, Bela

1909, Nautilus 23: 61, fig. 1 (south of Egg Rock buoy, in about 30 fms., mud
and gravel. Frenchman's Bay, Maine). Figured holotype and paratype
both YPM 15808, only specimens.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 25

boreale Verrill and Smith, Solarium

1880, in Verrill, PUSNM 3: 376 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 871, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 1 15 fms.); 1882, TC AAS 5: 529, pi. 57,
figs. 29, 30. Two figured syntypes, only specimens, lectotype, here
selected, USNM 45298, fig. 30.

borealis Verrill, Loligo pealei

1880, AJS (3) 19: 292 [not figured] (Annisquam [Essex Co.] Massachu-
setts); 1881, TCAAS 5: 316, pi. 37, fig. 2; pi. 41, fig. 1. Four syntypes YPM
[presumed lost].

borealis Verrill, Marginella Plate 13, fig. 5

1882, TCAAS 5: 489 as Marginella carnea (Verrill), non Storer 1837; 1884,
Ibid. 6: 165, pi. 29, fig. 4 (1883, Albatross 2011, 2012, off Norfolk, Virginia,
81, 66.5 fms.; 1880-81, Fish Hawk, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachu-
setts], 64.5, 100 fms.). Probable measured syntype, here selected lectotype
USNM 35375 sta. 2011; paralectotypes YPM 15701 sta. 2011 and YPM
15702 sta. 2012.

Brachioteuthis Verrill, Genus

1881, TCAAS 5: 405. Type species: Brachioteuthis beanii Verrill 1881,
original designation.

brachyura Verrill, Rossia

1883, BMCZ 11: 110, pi. 3, fig. 2 (1879, Blake 148, off St. Kitts Island
[Leeward Islands], 208 fms.). Holotype, only specimen, presumed lost, not
mentioned by Roper and Sweeney (1978).

brandii A. H. Verrill, Mitra

1950, MCCSC no. 104: 4, fig. (off Dominica [Lesser Antilles], 75-100 fms.).
Type in author's collection.

brevis Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon (Axinulus)

1898, PUSNM 20: 790, pi. 89, figs. 7, 8 (1883, Albatross 2208, 92 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 159873, single valve, refigured by Scott (1986:
150, fig. lb).

brevis Verrill, Gymnobella

1885, TCAAS 6: 417, pi. 44, fig. 8 (1884, Albatross 2041, 1608 fms., 2084,
1290 fms., 2229, 1423 fms.). Holotype USNM 34838 sta. 2041.

brevis Verrill and Bush, Kennerlia

1898, PUSNM 20: 821, pi. 88, figs. 7, a, b (1880-86, Fish Hawk, Albatross,
ten stations between 40°15'30"N, 70°27'W and 35°10'40"N, 75°6'10"W,
58-100 fms.). Holotype USNM 40232, fig. 7a, refigured by Boss (1965: 205,
pi. 124, fig. 3) sta. 2248, south of Nantucket Island [Massachusetts], 67
fms., non Sowerby 1829, changed to: Pandora (Pandorella) inflate; para-
type USNM 45884, fig. 7b.

brevis Verrill, Sipho stimpsonii

1882, TCAAS 5: 500 [footnote, not figured] (1881, Speedwell 978, off Chat-
ham, Cape Cod [Massachusetts], 17 fms.). "If it is thought desirable to

26 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

designate this species [Sipho stimpsonii Verrill 1882] by a special varietal
name it may be called S. stimpsonii breuis. All of the intermediate forms
occur, however." [not located in USNM or YPM type collections].

briskasi A. H. Verrill, Murex

1953, MCCSC no. 128: 2, fig. (Dominica [Lesser Antilles], 75-100 fms.).
Type [presumed to be] in author's collection.

bruneri Verrill, Menestho

1882, TCAAS 5: 539 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 892, off Newport,
Rhode Island, 487 fms.). Holotype [lost], only specimen, teste Bush, 1909,
AJS (4) 27: 482.

bruneri Verrill and Smith, Pleurotomella

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 155, pi. 31 , fig. 7, 7a (1883, Albatross 2038, 2041 ,
2033, 1608 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 34846 sta. 2038; paratype
USNM 34834 sta. 2041.

brychia Rush, Choristella

1897, TCAAS 10: 140, fig. 10 (1884, Albatross 2234, off Martha's Vineyard
[Massachusetts], 810 fms.). Holotype USNM 77622, only specimen.

brychia Verrill, Cingula

1884, TCAAS 6: 179, pi. 32, fig. 9 (1880-82 Fish Hawk 892, 487 fms., 1093,
349 fms.; 1883, Albatross 2072, 2076, 2078, 2084, 499-1290 fms.). Figured
holotype USNM 38086 sta. 1 093; paratypes USNM 3802 1 sta. 892; USNM
38089; YPM 16596 sta. 2072; USNM 38073; YPM 16600 sta. 2076; USNM
38074; YPM 16599 sta. 2078 and YPM 38099 sta. 2084.

brychia Verrill and Smith, Jumala

1885, in Verrill, 1885, TCAAS 6: 422, pi. 44, figs. 10, 10a (1884, Albatross
2224, 2574 fms.). Holotype USNM 44647, only specimen.

bushae War^n, Ledella

See under: messanensis Verrill and Bush, Ledella.

bushae E. H. Vokes, Pterynotus {Pterynotus)

See under: pygmaeus Bush, Murex (Pteronotus) [sic].

bushiana Verrill, Leda

1884, TCAAS 6: 229 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2110, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 516 fms.); 1898 in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 854, pi.
79, fig. 8; pi. 92, fig. 9. Holotype USNM 35729.

bushiana Verrill, Turbonilla

1882, TCAAS 5: 537. New name for Turbonilla formosa Verrill and Smith
1880, non [Odostomia formosa] Jeffreys [1848]. See under: formosa Verrill
and Smith, Turbonilla.

caelata Bush, Cylichna

1885, TCAAS 6: 468, pi. 45, fig. \5{1884 Albatross [2292], off Cape Hatteras
[North CaroUna], 15-43 fms.). Holotype USNM 44668.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 27

caelata Verrill and Smith, Neptunea (Sipho)

1880, in Verrill, PUSNM 3: 369 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 891-895, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 238 to 500 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 506,
pi. 57, figs. 19, 19a, changed to: Sipho caelatus Verrill and Smith. Mea-
sured and figured holotype USNM 38026 sta. 894 [includes four smaller
paratypes]; paratypes YPM 15269 sta. 891; YPM 15266 sta. 892 and YPM
15259 sta. 894.

caelata Verrill, Verticordia

1882, TCAAS 5: 566 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 949, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100 fms.); 1884, Ibid. 6: pi. 30, figs. 9, 9a.
Figured holotype USNM 159807, only specimen.

caelatulus Verrill, Sipho (Mohnia)

1884, TCAAS 6: 1 72 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2048, 2051, 2052, 2072,
2076, 2077, 2084, 547-1290 fms.). Lectotype USNM 35226 sta. 2076 selected
by Bouchet and War^n (1985: 212) [not figured, not located]; paralecto-
types YPM 15278 sta. 2052.

calceola Verrill, Cymbulia

1880, AJS (3) 20: 392, 394 (1880, Fish Hawk 865-872, about 30 miles south
of Block Island, Rhode Island, near surface); 1882, TCAAS 5: 553, pi. 58,
fig. 33 [not in USNM type collection]. Syntype YPM 15681 sta. 872 [dried
up].

californica Verrill, Papyridea bullata Plate 3, fig. 1

1870, AJS (2) 49: 225 [not figured] (La Paz [Baja California]). Lectotype,
here selected, YPM 4072; paralectotypes YPM 2807 and YPM 4071.

callista Bush, Yoldia

1893, BMCZ 23: 233, pi. 1, figs. 9, 10 (1880, Blake 321, off Charleston [South
Carolina], 233 fms.). Holotype MCZ 6866, only specimen.

callistiformis Verrill and Bush, Tindaria

1897, AJS (4) 3: 59 [footnote], figs. 10, 20, 21 (1885, Albatross 2566, off
Chesapeake Bay, 2566 fms.); 1898, PUSNM 20: 881, pi. 78, fig. 1; pi. 80,
figs. 6, 7. Figured holotype USNM 52536.

Calliteuthis Verrill, Genus

1880, AJS (3) 20: 393. Type species: Calliteuthis reuersa Verrill 1880, by
monotypy.

canadensis 'Verrill and Bush' Whiteaves, Bela cancellata Plate 11, fig. 6
1901, Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern Canada, p. 197
(between Pictou Island and Cape Bear [Nova Scotia], Whiteaves; Little
Metis and Murray Bay [Quebec], J. W. Dawson). Lectotype, here selected,
YPM 16623, Murray Bay; paralectotype National Museum of Natural
History, Ottawa, Canada 90, Murray Bay.

28 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

cancellatus Verrill, Choristodon "?"

1885, TCAAS 6: 435 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2265, off Chesapeake
Bay [Maryland], 70 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 788, pi.
96, figs. 2, 3. Holotype USNM 44839, single valve [poor condition].

carinata Verrill, Machaeroplax obscura Plate 15, fig. 2

1882, TCAAS 5: 532 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 997, 1032, 1038, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 146-335 fms.). Lectotype, here select-
ed, USNM 44748 sta. 997; paralectotype YPM 15700 [from USNM 44749]
sta. 1032.

carnea Verrill, Marginella

1882, TCAAS 5: 489, non Storer 1837. See under: borealis Verrill,
Marginella.

carolinensis Bush, Cadulus

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 587 85 ([1883] Albatross [2214], off Cape
Hatteras [North CaroUna], 14 fms., 15-48 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 471, pi.
45, fig. 19. Figured holotype USNM 35811; paratypes YPM 15864 and
MCZ 186818.

carolinensis Verrill, Octopus

1884, TCAAS 6: 235 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.). Holotype USNM 35673, only specimen, teste
Roper and Sweeney (1978: 5).

carolinensis Bush, Pandora

1885, TCAAS 6: 475 ([1883] Albatross [2112], off Cape Hatteras [North
Carolina], 15 fms.). Holotype USNM 35701, figured by Boss and Merrill
(1965: 200, pi. 122, figs. 1,2).

carolinensis Verrill, Urosalpinx

1884, TCAAS 6: 237 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109, 2110, 2111, off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 142-938 fms.). Syntypes USNM 35735 sta. 2109.
One separated out and figured as the "holotype" by Radwin (1972, fig. le).
The catalogue number of the syntypes is given by Bouchet and War6n
(1985: 213) and the "holotype" is refigured (figs. 555, 556). The figured
specimen USNM 35735 is, here selected, lectotype. The paralectotypes
have been recatalogued.

carpenteri Verrill and Smith, Pleurotoma

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 395 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 870-873, off
southern New England, 86-155 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 452, pi. 57, fig. 2,
genus changed to: Pleurotomella. Figured holotype USNM 38421; para-
type YPM 15715; [both] sta. 871.

casta Verrill and Bush, Montacuta

1898, PUSNM 20: 781, pi. 94, fig. 5 (1884, Albatross 2283, off Cape Hatte-
ras, North Carolina, 14-17 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 77632.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 29

casta Verrill and Bush, Yoldia (Adranella)

1898, PUSNM 20: 858, pi. 20, fig. 4 (1884, Albatross 2150, 382 fms.).
Holotype USNM 202933, single valve.

catharinae Verrill and Smith, Pleurotomella

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 155, pi. 31, figs. 9, 9a (1885, Albatross 2038, 2033
fms., 2041, 1608 fms., 2084, 1290 fms., 2115, 843 fms.). Figured holotype
USNM 37871 sta. 2041; paraty pes YPM 15719 sta. 2038; USNM 34845 sta.
2038; USNM 37846 sta. 2084; USNM 35597 and YPM 15720 both sta. 2215.

Cerithiella Verrill, Genus

1882, TCAAS 5: 522. New name for Lovenella Sars 1878, non Hincks 1869.

ceroplasta Bush, Mangilia Plate 13, fig. 3

1885, TCAAS 6: 458 [not figured] ([1884] Albatross [2290], off Cape Hatte-
ras [North Carolina], 9.75 fms.). Measured holotype USNM 44757.

chariessa Verrill, Eulimella

1884, TCAAS 6: 193, pi. 32, figs. 4, 4a, 4, Ibid. p. 290 errata, "for charissa
read chariessa." (1883, Albatross 2038, 2033 fms.). Figured holotype
USNM 35164; paratype YPM 15691, four specimens only.

Cheloteuthis Verrill, Genus
See under: Chiloteuthis.

Chiloteuthis [sic] Verrill, Genus

1881, TCAAS 5: 293. Type species: Chiloteuthis rapax Verrill 1881, by
monotypy, Ibid. p. 446 errata, "read Cheloteuthis-(Lestoteuthis)."

Choristella Bush, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 138, fig. 8. TVpe species: Choristella leptalea Bush 1897,
original designation. Bouchet and War6n (1979: 225) say, "An examina-
tion of the types of Choristella leptalea Bush, 1897 (type species of Choris-
tella) and C. tenera Bush, 1897 [nude name of Bouchet and War6n] has
proved that they are synonyms of Choristes elegans var. tenera Verrill

1882. Verrill's name has to be used for the type species." Type species of
genera are not subject to arbitrary change.

Choristidae Verrill, Family

1882, TCAAS, 5: 540. Type genus: Choristes Carpenter 1872. "Choristidae
has to be changed to Choristellidae" (Bouchet and War6n (1979: 225). See
under: Choristella Bush, Genus.

cingulata Verrill, Cithna

1884, TCAAS 6: 184, pi. 32, fig. 7 (1883, Albatross 2076, 906 fins., 2084, 1290
fms., 2043, 1467 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 38101 sta. 2076; paratypes
USNM 38105 sta. 2084 and USNM 38104 sta. 2043 (one at each station).

cingulatum Verrill, Cyclostrema

1884, TCAAS 6: 198, pi. 32, fig. 14 (1883, Albatross 2048, 547 fms.); non
Philippi 1853, changed to: Cyclostrema verrilli Tryon 1888, Manual of
Conchology 10: 90. Holotype USNM 38100, only specimen.

30 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

citrina Verrill, Acanthodoris

1879, AJS (3) 17: 313 [not figured] (Eastport, Maine); 1882, TCAAS 5: 549
[not figured]. Syntypes [not located in USNM or YPM].

collinsii Verrill, Histioteuthis

1879, AJS (3) 17: 241 (from the stomach of Alepidosaurus, 42°49'N,
62°57'W, off Nova Scotia); 1879, TCAAS 5: 234, pi. 22. Holotype USNM
730893 only specimen, teste Roper pers. comm.

complanata Verrill, Doris

1880, AJS (3) 20: 399 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 872, about 70 miles
south of Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 85 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5:
549, pi. 58, figs. 34, 34a, 34b. Syntypes USNM [presumed lost].

composa Verrill and Bush, Eulima

1900, TCAAS 10: 527, pi. 64, fig. 16 (Bermuda). Holotype YPM 15687, only
specimen.

composa Bush, Turbonilla Plate 17, fig. 2

1899, PANSP 52: 168 [not figured; no locality given]. Holotype ANSP
79015, only specimen.

concinnula Verrill, Bela

1882, TCAAS 5: 468, pi. 48, fig. 15; pi. 57, fig. 11 (from the region south of
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], in deep water, to Labrador, 1877-81 ,
USFC [many stations]). Described holotype USNM 77344 sta. 245; para-
type YPM 15640, Labrador.

conica Verrill, Cocculina

1884, TCAAS 6: 204 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2078, 499 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 38441 [not located in 1972, teste F. Ruhoffl.

conoides Verrill, Poecilozonites nelsoni

1906, TCAAS 12: 163 [119], fig. 45; pi. 25, pi. 26, fig. 4 (western shore of
Castle Harbor [Bermuda], in a mass of red-clay and stalagmite; near
Paynter's Vale; shore opposite Coney Island). Holotype YPM [not located;
type not mentioned by Gould (1969: 508)], pi. 26, fig. 4, first locality.

conradi Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANSP 52: 159, pi. 8, fig. 10 (Tampa Bay, Florida). Holotype ANSP
72052, only specimen.

constricta Bush, Turbonilla incisa Plate 16, fig. 9

1899, PANSP 52: 157 [not figured] (West Florida). Lectotype, here selected,
ANSP 79023; paralectotype ANSP 372504.

consuela A. H. Verrill, Murex pulcher

1950, MCCSC no. 101: 7, fig. (off Soufriere, Dominica [Lesser Antilles],
40-50 fms.). Type in author's collection.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 31

convexa Bush, Lissospira "?"

1897, TCAAS 10: 132 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2233, off Delaware
Bay, 630 fms.). Holotype, only specimen [not located in USNM or YPM
type collections].

cooperi S. I. Smith, Caecum

1860, ALNHNY 7: 154 [not figured] (northern part of Gardiner's Bay
[Long Island, Suffolk Co., New York]); 1870, in Smith and Prime,
ALNHNY 9: 393, fig. 3. Changed to: Caecum costatum Verrill, 1872, AJS
(3): 283, pi. 6, fig. 6, non Carpenter 1864. Two syntypes [not located].

cordata Verrill and Bush, Axinopsis

1898, PUSNM 20: 795, pi. 97, figs. 5, 6 (1880-84, Fish Hawk, Albatross, six
stations between 40°N,14'30W" and 35°42'N, 74°54'30"W, 43-202 fms.).
Figured syntypes USNM 159837, fig. 5, left valve, sta. 2307; fig. 6, right
valve, sta. 1092; syntypes YPM 8793 sta. 2307.

cordata Verrill and Bush, Lyonsiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 818, pi. 95, figs. 7, 8 (1884-86, Albatross, three stations
between 39°15'N, 68°8'W and 37°38'40"N, 73° 16'30"W, 1423-1825 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 52540 sta. 2568.

costata Bush, Neaera

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 587 [85] (1883, Albatross 2108, off Hatteras
[North Carolina], 48 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 472, pi. 45, fig. 21. Figured
holotype USNM 35362.

costatum Verrill, Caecum

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 283. New name for Caecum cooperi Smith 1860, non
Carpenter 1864. See under: cooperi Smith, Caecum.

costellata Verrill and Bush, Chlamys

1897, in Verrill, TCAAS 10: 75 (off the coast of Newfoundland, 67 to 72
fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 835, pi. 86, fig. 6. Figured
holotype USNM 52471 sta. 2465.

costulata Verrill, Turbonilla

1873, ARUSCFF, p. 658 [364, not figured] (Long Island Sound, near New
Haven [Connecticut]); 1884, TCAAS 6, pi. 32, fig. 2. Figured holotype YPM
15886. Non Risso 1826, changed to: Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) mighelsi
Bartsch (1909: 88, pi. 14, figs. 52, 54, Woods Hole [Barnstable Co., Massa-
chusetts]), non T. (P.) mighelsi, changed to: T. interrupta obesa Bush
(1909: 483, 484, fig. 3 [after Verrill]), with the note, "It [mighelsi] is a very
stout form of Turbonilla interrupta and may be designated as variety
obesa." Figured holotype USNM 203770.

crenulata Verrill, Area pectunculoides Plate 6, fig. 2

1882, TCAAS 5: 575 [not figured] (1880-81, Fish Hawk 871, 873, 874, 876,
949, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 85-120 fms.). Lectotype, here

32 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

selected, USNM 74134 sta. 874; paralectotypes YPM 6687 sta. 871; YPM
6729 sta. 873; YPM 6731 sta. 874; YPM 6688 sta. 876 and YPM 6668 sta.
949.

crispum Verrill and Bush, Caecum

1900, TCAAS 10: 539, pi. 65, fig. 3 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15666.

cryptospira Verrill, Rotella Plate 10, fig. 8

1884, TCAAS 6: 241 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM 35731.

cuneata Verrill and Bush, Montacuta

1898, PUSNM 20: 782, pi. 91, fig. 4; pi. 93, fig. 5 (1883-84, Albatross 2278,
off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 15-16 fms.). Figured holotype USNM
77630; paratype YPM 8849.

curta Verrill, Gymnobela

1884, TCAAS 6: 158, pi. 31, fig. 10 (1883, Albatross 2043, 1467 fms., 2076,
906 fms., 2077, 1255 fms., 2084, 1290 fms. largest number at this station,
2097, 1917 fms., 2115, 843 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 37795 sta. 2084;
paratypes USNM 34854 sta. 2043; YPM 15694 sta. 2043; USNM 37812 sta.
2076; YPM 15692 sta. 2076; USNM 37798 sta. 2077; YPM 15693 sta. 2077;
USNM 37795 sta. 2084; YPM 15696 sta. 2084; USNM 35227 sta. 2097 and
USNM 37794 sta. 2115.

curta Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 868, pi. 97, fig. 8 (1883-86, Albatross, three stations
between 41°11'30"N, 66°12'20"W and 39°38"N, 70°22'W, 499-1290 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 38457 sta. 2084.

curtus Verrill, Stilifer

1882, TCAAS 5: 535 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 1028, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 410 fms.) [not in USNM or YPM type
collections].

Cyclopecten Verrill, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 70. Type species listed: Pecten pustulosus Verrill 1873,
Pecten imbrifer Loven 1846.

Cyclostremella Bush, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 140. Type species: Cyclostremella humilis Bush 1897,
original designation.

dalli Bush, Circulus

1897, TCAAS 10: 126, pi. 23, figs. 3, 3a, 6 (1886, Albatross 2655, 338 fms.,
YPM; 1884, Albatross 2307, off Cape Hatteras [North CaroHna], 43 fms.,
USNM). Figured holotype YPM 15802; paratype USNM 44983.

dalli Verrill, Cocculina Plate 10, fig. 10

1884, TCAAS 6: 203 [not figured] (1883, Fish Hawk 1096, 317 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 38081, only specimen.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 33

dalli Verrill, Cyclostrema

1882, TCAAS 5: 532, pi. 57, fig. 39 (1880, Fish Hawk 892, 894, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 487, 365 fms.). New name for Cyclostrema
trochoides Verrill 1880, non Friele, Sars 1876. Figured holotype USNM
38406, with smaller paratypes.

dalli Verrill, Cylichna (Provisional Genus)

1882, TCAAS 5: 542 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 997, 999 off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 335, 266 fms.); 1884, Ibid. 6: pi. 29, fig. 15.
Figured holotype USNM 76279 sta. 999.

dalli Verrill and Smith, Pleurotoma

1882, in Verrill, TCAAS 5: 451, pi. 57, figs. 1, la (1881, Fish Hawk 1035,
1036, 1039, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 94-146 fms.; 1046, off
Delaware Bay, 104 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 37860 sta. 1035.

dalli Bush, Pleurotomella

1893, BMCZ 23: 208, pi. 2, figs. 2, 2a ( 1880, Blake 325, off Cape Fear [North
Carolina], 647 fms.). Holotype MCZ 119126, only specimen.

dalli Bush, Turbonilla late 16, fig. 7

1899, PANSP 52: 169, pi. 8, fig. 8 (Sarasota Bay [Florida], ANSP; Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], USNM; Egmont Keys, [Florida], YPM). Fig-
ured holotype ANSP [lost]. Lectotype, here selected, ANSP 72049; para-
lectotypes ANSP 372506, USNM 94804 and YPM 10310.

dalliana Verrill and Smith, Scalaria

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 395 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 869-871,
873, off Delaware Bay, 105-192 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 527, fig. 33. Lecto-
type USNM 44792 sta. 869 selected by Clench and Turner (1951: 278, pi.
126, fig. 3); paralectotypes USNM 44749 sta. 1032; YPM 15734 sta. 1032
and MCZ 196608 ex. YPM.

debile Verrill and Bush, Caecum Plate 17, fig. 7

1900, TCAAS 10: 538 [not figured] (Bermuda). Holotype YPM 15667.

decurrens Verrill and Bush, Tornatina

1900, TCAAS 10: 523, pi. 64, fig. 1 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15775, with two paratypes.

delicatulum Verrill and Bush, Caecum

1900, TCAAS 10: 538, pi. 65, fig. 4 (Bermuda). Probable figured holotype
YPM 15668 [was originally glued down, and is now only a half shell
(longitudinal) without septum, R. G. Moolenbeek, pers. comm.] and 10
paratypes.

Desmoteuthidae Verrill, Family

1881, TCAAS 5: 300. Genera mentioned: Desmoteuthis Verrill 1881 and
Taonius Steenstrup 1861.

Desmoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1881, TCAAS 5: 300. Type species: Lechia hyperborea Steenstrup 1856, by
monotypy.

34 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

diaphana Verrill, Astyris

1882, TCAAS 5: 513, pi. 58, fig. 2 (1880-81, Fish Hawk [869], 870, 876, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 65-487 fms.; off Chesapeake Bay,
300 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 45302 sta. 869; paratypes YPM 18694
sta. 870 and YPM 15760 sta. 876.

diaphana Verrill, Leptoteuthis

1884, TCAAS 6: 141, pi. 32, fig. 1 (1883, Albatross 2037, 1731 fms.); 1885,
ARUSCFF for 1883, pi. 22, fig. 62. Figured holotype USNM 38242, teste
Roper and Sweeney (1978: 6).

diaphanum Verrill, Cyclostrema

1884, TCAAS 6: 199, pi. 32, fig. 16 (1883, Albatross 2004, 98 fms.). Figured
holotype USNM 38409.

didyma Verrill and Bush, Odostomia (Cyclodostomia)

1900, TCAAS 10: 333, pi. 65, fig. 14 (Bermuda). Holotype YPM 15706, only
specimen.

dilectus Verrill and Bush, Hyalopecten

1897, in Verrill, TCAAS 10: 80 (1885, Albatross 2570, off Martha's Vine-
yard [Massachusetts] 1813 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20:
836, pi. 97, fig. 9. Holotype USNM 52539, only specimen.

diomedeae Verrill, Margarita (Solariella) infundibulum

In Bush, 1893, BMCZ23: 218, pi. 2, figs. 10, 11 (1884, Albatross 2221, south
of Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 1525 fms.). Figured holotype
USNM 203083.

diomedeae Verrill and Smith, Pleurotomella

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 152, pi. 31 , figs. 5, 5a (1883, Albatross 2037, 2038,
2041, 2042, 2043, 2048, 2096, 1290-2033 fms.). Figured holotype USNM
34828 sta. 2041; paratypes USNM 34827 sta. 2038; YPM 15721 sta. 2038;
YPM 15722 sta. 2041 and YPM 15723 sta. 2096. Is Pleurotomella bandella
(Dall 1881), teste Verrill, Ibid. p. 250.

dispar Verrill, Sipho profundicola Plate 12, fig. 5

1884, TCAAS 6: 171 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2042, 1555 fms.). Holo-
type [measured specimen] USNM 37955, teste Bouchet and War6n (1985:
211).

disparilis Verrill, Odostomia Plate 15, fig. 6

1884, TCAAS 6: 196 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.). Holotype USNM 38042, only specimen.

dissimilis Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 872, pi. 78, fig. 8; pi. 82, fig. 7 (1883-86, Albatross, four
stations between 39°49'N, 68°28'30"W and 36°47'N, 73°9'30"W, 1451-1685
fms.). Figured holotype USNM 38416 sta. 2043.

dominicana A. H. Verrill, Astraea tuber

1950, MCCSC no. 101: 7, fig. (St. Thomas, Tortola [Virgin Islands];
Dominica [Lesser Antilles]). Type in author's collection.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 35

Doridella Verrill, Genus

1870, AJS (2) 50: 408. TVpe species: Doridella obscure Verrill 1870, by
monotypy.

eburnea Verrill, Cylichna

1885, TCAAS 6: 428, pi. 44, fig. 14 (1884, Albatross 2265, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 70 fms.). Holotype USNM 44757, only specimen.

edentuloides Verrill, Loripes Plate 3, fig. 2

1870, AJS (2) 49: 226 [not figured] (La Paz [Baja California]). Holotype
YPM 8884, single valve.

edw^ardsii Verrill, Scyllaea

1878, AJS (3) 16: 211 (Woods Hole, Massachusetts on eel-grass (Zostera) in
the harbor, and in Vineyard Sound on floating Sargassum); 1882, TCAAS
5: 550, pi. 42, fig. 10; 1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, pi. 28, fig. 109. Syntypes
YPM [presumed lost].

electa Verrill and Bush, Scala

1900, TCAAS 10: 536, pi. 64, fig. 11 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15777.

Eledonella Verrill, Genus

1884, TCAAS 6: 144. Type species: Eledonella pygmaea Verrill 1884, by
monotypy.

elegans Verrill, Dendronotus

1880, PUSNM 5: 385 [not figured] (1879, Speedwell 330, off Cape Cod
[Massachusetts], 26 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 551 [not figured] [not in USNM
or YPM type collections].

elegans Verrill and Smith, Fossarus

1882, in Verrill, TCAAS 5: 522, pi. 57, fig. 28 [Fossarus latericeus on plate
caption] (1881, Fish Hawk 949, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts],
100 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 45297.

elegans Verrill, Propilidium

1884, TCAAS 6: 205 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2105, 1395 fms.). Two
syntypes USNM 38072, only specimens [only one now extant].

elegans Verrill, Tivela Plate 4, fig. 3

1870, AJS (2) 49: 220 [not figured] (La Paz [Baja California]; Acajutla
[Salvador]; Realejo [Nicaragua]). Lectotype, here selected, YPM 1843,
single valve, Acajutla.

elegans Verrill, Turbonilla

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 282, pi. 6, fig. 4 (USFC, Vineyard Sound [Massachu-
setts], 8-10 fms., shelly bottom). Syntypes YPM [not located].

ellipticus Verrill and Bush, Axinodon

1898, PUSNM 20: 796, pi. 90, figs. 5, 6; pi. 92, fig. 1 (1883, Albatross 2096,
1451 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 35175; paratype YPM 8792, only two
specimens.

36 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Elysiella Verrill, Genus

1872, AJS (3) 3: 283. Type species: Placobranchus catulus Gould 1870, by
monotypy.

emertoni Verrill and Smith, Pleurotomella

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 154, pi. 31, fig. 6 (1883, Albatross 2097, 1917
fms.). Figured holotype USNM 35232.

emertoni Verrill, Polycerella

1880, PUSNM 3: 387 [not figured] (Woods Hole, Massachusetts, at the
surface, among eel-grass; on hydroids from the piles at Long Wharf, New
Haven, Connecticut; Newport, Rhode Island on filamentous algae); 1882,
TCAAS 5: 548 [not figured]. Syntypes YPM [not located].

emertoni Verrill, Turbonilla

1882, TCAAS 5: 536, pi. 58, figs. 14, 14a (1880, Fish Hawk 895, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 238 fms.) Figured holotype USNM 153543;
paratype YPM 15746.

engonia Verrill and Bush, Eulima Plate 16, fig. 1

1900, TCAAS 10: 527, pi. 64, fig. 7 ([Ship Channel] Bermuda, 30-40 it.).
Lectotype, here selected, YPM 15688.

engonia Verrill, Gymnobela Plate 14, fig. 5

1884, TCAAS 6: 157 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2041, 1608 fms., 2084,
1290 fms.). Holotype [so labeled] USNM 34835 sta. 2041; paratype USNM
37818 sta. 2084.

engonia Bush, Odostomia Plate 15, fig. 3

1885, TCAAS 6: 466 [not figured] ( [ 1884] Albatross [2276], off Cape Hatte-
ras [North Carolina], 15-16 fms.). Measured holotype USNM 44762; para-
type YPM 16148.

ephamilla Bush, M angilia

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 580 [78] (1883, Albatross 2108, off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 48 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 457, pi. 45, figs. 4, 4a.
Figured holotype USNM 35404.

ephamilla Verrill, Spirotropis Plate 14, fig. 3

1884, TCAAS 6: 162 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2097, 1917 fms., 2098,
2221 fms.). Measured holotype USNM 35237 sta. 2098, only living speci-
men; paratype YPM 15739 sta. 2097, dead and much eroded.

equalis Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon

1898, PUSNM 20: 788, pi. 91, figs. 5, 6 (1873, Bache 18 is 13°15.5'N,
69°06'W, SW from Jeffreys Bank, 100 fms.). Figured holotype USNM
74302; paratype USNM 149867.

eritima Bush, Mangilia Plate 13, fig. 4

1885, TCAAS 6: 456[not figured] ([1884] Albatross [2280], off Cape Hatte-
ras [North Carolina], 14-17 fms.). Holotype USNM 44758.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 37

eritima Verrill, Seguenzia

1884, TCAAS 6: 189, pi. 31, fig. 15 (1883, Albatross 2038, off Nantucket
Shoals, 2033 fms., 2084, 1290 fms., 2043, 1467 fms.). Holotype USNM
38092 sta. 2038; paratypes USNM 38249 sta. 2084 and USNM 38269 sta.
2043.

eritmeta Bush, Leptogyra Plate 10, fig. 4

1897, TCAAS 10: 137 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2174, off Delaware
Bay, 1594 fms.). Holotype USNM 77625, only specimen.

eritmeta Verrill, Puncturella (Fissurisepta)

1884, TCAAS 6: 204, pi. 32, figs. 19, 19a (1883, Albatross 2096, 1451 fms.).
Holotype USNM 35174, only specimen.

fimbriata Verrill and Smith, Torellia

1882, TCAAS 5: 520, pi. 57, figs. 27, 27a (1880-81, Fish Hawk 869, 878, 939,
1025, 1026, 1033, 1038, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 142-258
fms; 1873, Bache 21 B, is 42°49'N, 68°50W' near Cashes Ledge, off the
coast of Maine, 52-90 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 45415 sta. 878.

flava Verrill, Elysia

1901 , TCAAS i i : 30, pi. 4, fig. 1 (Castle Harbor, Waterloo [Bermuda], under
stones at low tide). Holotype YPM [not located].

flexuosa Verrill and Smith, Mytilimeria

1881, in Verrill, AJS (3) 22: 302 (1881, Fish Hawk 947, off Martha's Vine-
yard [Massachusetts], 312 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 567, pi. 58, fig. 38. Holo-
type USNM 46129, only specimen.

formosa Verrill and Bush, Cuspidaria

1898, PUSNM 20: 803, pi. 74, fig. 6; pi. 79, fig. 9 (1886, Albatross 2706, 1 188
fms.). Holotype USNM 78313, only specimen.

formosa Verrill, Doto

1875, AJS (3) 10: 41, pi. 3, fig. 4 (1874, off Point Judith [Rhode Island] 10-14
fms.). Figured holotype YPM [presumed lost].

formosa Verrill and Smith, Turbonilla

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 398 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 891, 892,
about 100 miles south of Newport, Rhode Island, 487, 500 fms.); 1882,
TCAAS 5: 537, pi. 58, fig. 16, non [Odostomia formosa] Jeffreys [1848],
changed to: T. bushiana Verrill 1882. Syntypes USNM 45470 and YPM
15747 sta. 891; syntypes USNM 45471 and YPM 154748 sta. 892.

fragilis Verrill and Bush, Martesia (Martesiella)

1898, PUSNM 20: 111, pi. 79, fig. 10 (1885, Albatross near 2566, in floating
wood). Figured holotype USNM 52543 selected as lectotype by Turner
(1955: 111, pi. 65, fig. 1); paralectotype YPM 8844.

38 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

fragilis Verrill, Crenella

1885, TCAAS 6: 444 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2265, off Chesapeake
Bay, 70 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 847, pi. 83, figs. 1, 2.
Holotype USNM 41543, fig. 1; paratype YPM 8761 [formerly USNM
40676], fig. 2, with note, "hinge figured."

fragilis Verrill and Bush, Montacuta bidentata

1898, PUSNM 20: 780, pi. 92, fig. 8 (1880, Fish Hawk 816, 817 near Bretons
Reef Lightship, Narragansett Bay, [Rhode Island], 8.5-10 fms.). Holotype
USNM 46134, only specimen.

fraterna Verrill and Bush, Cuspidaria

1898, PUSNM 20: 803, pi. 71, figs. 7, 8; pi. 75, fig. 6 (1880, Fish Hawk 894,
off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts and 29 other stations], 365 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 48962.

fraterna Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 867, pi. 80, fig. 5; pi. 82, fig. 8 (1873-86, Bache, Fish
Hawk, Albatross, twenty stations between 47='40'N, 47°35'30"W and
37°8'N, 74°33'W, 90-1608 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 159714 sta. 947.

frielei Verrill, Pleurotomella

1885, TCAAS 6: 4 13, pi. 44, fig. 5 ( 1884, Albatross 2208, 1 178 fms.). Figured
holotype USNM 44653; paratype YPM 15724, only specimens.

Gastranella Verrill, Genus

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 286. Type species: Gastranella tumida Verrill 1872, by
monotypy.

gemma Verrill and Bush, Cardiomya

1898, PUSNM 20: 809, pi. 71, figs. 3, 4; pi. 74, fig. 11 (1884, [Albatross] off
Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 16, 17 fms.). Figured holotype USNM
41456 sta. 2292; paratypes YPM 8794 sta. 2275 and YPM 8795 sta. 2276.

gemma Verrill, Diaphana (Utriculus)

1880, AJS (3) 20: 399 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 871, 873, south of
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 90 to 105 miles south of Newport,
Rhode Island, 115, 100 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 543, pi. 58, fig. 22. Figured
holotype USNM 76242 sta. 873; paratype YPM 15682 sta. 871.

gemma Verrill, Lyonsiella

1880, PUSNM 3: 396 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 893, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 487 fms.); 1884, TCAAS 6: 258, pi. 30, figs. 7, 8,
genus changed to: Pecchiolia. Holotype USNM 48552, only specimen.

georgiense Henderson, Dentalium (Antalis) occidentale
See under: sulcatum Verrill, Dentalium occidentale.

gibbosa Bush, Odostomia

1909, AJS (4) 27: 482. New name for Odostomia modesta Bartsch (1909:
108, pi. 13, fig. 50, Woods Hole [Barnstable Co., Massachusetts]) non
Verrill 1875. Figured holotype USNM 203812.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 39

gigantea Verrill, Neaera

1884, TCAAS 6: 223 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2097, off Chesapeake
Bay [Maryland], 1971 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM20: 811, pi.
76, figs. 4, 5, genus changed to: Myonera. Holotype USNM 35255, only
specimen, damaged.

giganteus Verrill, Octopus

1897, AJS (4) 3: 163 [not figured] ([beach, some miles south of] St. Augus-
tine, Florida); 1897, The American Naturalist 31: 364, pis. 7, 8. Fragment
in USNM [lost] testeGenna.ro (1971) who along with Mackel (1986) deter-
mined from a sample that it was an Octopus.

glabra Verrill, Anomia

1872, AJS (3) 3: 211, 288 [not figured]. Based on A. ephippium Gould (1841:
136; 1870: 204), non Linnaeus 1758, and A. electrica Gould (1870: 205), non
Linnaeus 1758. Verrill 1873, ARUSCFF, p. 696 [402], pi. 32, figs. 241, 242,
242a from Gould 1870.

Glomidae Verrill and Bush, Family

1898, PUSNM 20: 847. Type genus: Glomus Jeffreys 1876.

Glominae Verrill and Bush, Subfamily

1897, AJS (4) 3: 53, 59. Type genus: Glomus Jeffreys 1979.

glypta Bush, Cardiomya

1898 in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 810, pi. 71, fig. 1; pi. 76, figs. 3, 7. New
name for Neaera costata Bush 1885, non Sowerby 1834, Hinds, 1843,
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 11:11. Figured holotype
USNM 35362 sta. 2108.

glypta Bush, Mangilia "?"

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 582 [80] (1883, Albatross 2108, off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 48 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 461, pi. 45, figs. 5, 5a.
Figured holotype USNM 35363 [labeled as lectotype].

glyptus Verrill, Pecten

1882, TCAAS 5: 580 [not figured] (1880-81 Fish Hawk 871, 873, 874, 876,
949, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 85-120 fms.); 1897, Ibid. 10:
76, pi. 16, figs. 7-11. Syntype USNM 48742 sta. 949, figured by Clench and
Pulley (1952: 59, pi. A, fig. 2).

glyptus Verrill, Sipho

1882, TCAAS 5: 505, pi. 57, fig. 22; pi. 58, figs. 1,1a (1880-81, Fish Hawk
894, 895, 925, 928, 951, 1028, 1029, 1032, off Martha's Vineyard [Massa-
chusetts], 219-458 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 38005 sta. 895; para-
types YPM 15300 sta. 894, YPM 15303 sta. 895, YPM 15302 sta. 951 and
YPM 15229 sta. 1029.

goslingii Verrill, Facelina

1901 , TCAAS / i : 34, pi. 4, fig. 6 (Hungry Bay [Bermuda], in the mangrove
swamp, on a filamentous green algae). Holotype YPM [not located].

40 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

gouldii Verrill, Bela

1882, TCAAS 5: 465, pi. 57, figs. 6, 6a (1879, Speedwell 304, off Cape Cod
[Massachusetts], 122 fms.; 1873, USFC, Casco Bay, Maine, 17-30 fms.;
1877 USFC, Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia and Bedford Basin, 16-41 fms.).
Figured holotypeUSNM 77435, off Nova Scotia; paratype YPM 15654 sta.
304.

gouldii Verrill, Buccinum

1882, TCAAS 5: 497. New name for Buccinum humphreysianum Bennett
1825, non Stimpson 1865. Based on Gould (1841, fig. 209) non Buccinum
ciliatum Gould, Fabricius 1780.

gouldii Verrill, Lamellaria pellucida

1882, PUSNM 5: 329 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 925, 938, 939, 946,
1029, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 224-458 fms.; 1047, off
Delaware Bay, 156 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 518, pi. 58, fig. 3. Figured
holotype USNM 203248 sta. 946.

gouldii Verrill, Montagua

1873, ARUSCFF, p. 667 [373] [not figured] (off Thimble Island, Long
Island Sound [Connecticut], 4-5 fms.). Syntypes YPM [not located].

gouldii Bush, Odostomia (Odostomia)

1909, AJS (4) 27: 482. New name for Odostomia dealbata Gould (1870: 327,
fig. 595, Boston Harbor [Massachusetts], 3 fms.) non Stimpson 1851.
Figured holotype Boston Society of Natural History [lost].

gracilis Verrill, Acirsa

1880, PUSNM 3: 377 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 873, 894, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100-365 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 528, pi. 57, fig.
31. Holotype USNM 44813 sta. 894, refigured by Clench and Turner (1952:
326, pi. 157, fig. 2), non Scalaria gracilis Sowerby 1844, changed by them
to: Epitonium (Boreoscala) pandion; paratype YPM 15778 sta. 894.

gracilis Verrill, Octopus

1884, TCAAS 6: 236 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2084, 1290 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 38431, only specimen, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 7).

grandis Verrill, Cadulus

1884, TCAAS 6: 219 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2052, 1098 fms.; 2076,
906 fms.; 2084, 1290 fms.; 2103, 1091 fms.; 2111, 938 fms.; 2115, 843 fms.;
2043, 1467 fms.); 1885, Ibid. pi. 44, fig. 20. Figured holotype USNM 34735
sta. 2076, teste Henderson (1920: 105, pi. 17, fig. 12); paratypes MCZ
186804 sta. 2076 and USNM 35184 sta. 2084.

grandis Verrill and Smith, Cryptodon

1885, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 436, pi. 44, fig. 22 (1883, Albatross 2111, off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 938 fms.; 1884, Albatross 2228, 1582 fms., 2231,
965 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 44824 sta. 2231; paratype USNM
35757 sta. 2111.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 41

grandis Verrill and Bush, Solemya

1898, PUSNM 20: 885, pi. 86, figs. 1-2 (1880-84 Fish Hawk, Albatross, four
stations between 39°58'30"N, 70°30'W and 37°24'N, 74°17'W, 300-1600
fms.). Figured holotype USNM 51345, fig. 1, sta. 988; paratype USNM
40103, fig. 2, sta. 2072 and paratype YPM 5360 sta. 2137.

grandis Verrill, Turbonilla Plate 17, fig. 4

1885, TCAAS 6: 427 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2228, 1582 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 44791, only specimen.

granulifera Verrill and Bush, Lyonsia

1898, PUSNM 20: 818, pi. 95, fig. 1 (1885, Albatross 2492, 75 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 52561, single valve.

granulifera Verrill, Pecchiola

1885, TCAAS 6: 434 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2229, off Chesapeake
Bay [Maryland], 1423 fms.); 1898 in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 816, pi.
87, fig. 2; pi. 95, figs. 2, 3, 4. Genus changed to: Verticordia. Holotype
USNM 44838, only specimen.

granulosa Verrill, Nucula

1884, TCAAS 6: 280 [footnote, not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 892, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 478 fms.; 1883, Albatross 2072, 858
fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 853, pi. 81, fig. 2; pi. 88, fig. 8.
Figured holotype USNM 38451 sta. 892.

Gymnobela Verrill, Genus

1884, TCAAS 6: 157. Species listed: Gymnobela engonia Verrill 1884 and
G. carta Verrill 1884. Type species: G. engonia Verrill subsequent designa-
tion, Cossmann (1896: 63).

Halopsyche Verrill, Genus

1880, PUSNM 3: 393. New name for Psyche Rang 1825, non Schrank 1801.
Type species: Psyche globulosa Rang, by monotypy.

hargeri Verrill, Pleuropus

1882, TCAAS 5: 555 [not figured] (1872, Bache 84B is 41 °25'N, 65°50'3"W;
85B is 41°25'N, 65°42'3"W east of Georges Bank, 65, 430 fms.) [not in
USNM or YPM type collections].

harpa Verrill, Rissoa (Cingula)

1880, PUSNM 3: 374 [not figured] (1877, Speedwell 34, off Massachusetts
Bay, 160 fms.); 1880, Fish Hawk 892, 894 off Newport [Rhode Island], 487,
365 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 523, pi. 58, fig. 6, as Cingula harpa (Verrill).
Figured holotype USNM 43693 sta. 34.

hebes Verrill, Actaeon

1885, TCAAS 6: 428, pi. 44, fig. 15 (1884, Albatross 2224, 2574 fms.).
Holotype USNM 44656; paratype YPM 15637.

hebes Verrill, Bela

1880, PUSNM 3: 367 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 891, 892, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 500, 487 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 459, pi. 57, fig.

42 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

7. Figured holotype USNM 37847 sta. 891, mentioned by Bouchet and
War6n (1980: 56); paratype YPM 15655.

hebes Verrill, Sipho caelatus

1884, TCAAS 6: 172 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2003, 640 fms., 2077,
1255 fms., 2103, 1091 fms.). Lectotype USNM 35425 sta. 2103, selected by
Bouchet and War6n (1985: 212) [not figured, not seen]; paralectotypes
YPM 15271 sta. 2003; USNM 38015 sta. 2077 and USNM 35424 sta. 2103.

heilprini Bush, Turbonilla

1899, FANS? 52: 167, pi. 8, fig. 13 (Bermuda). Figured holotype ANSP
79009.

helenae A. H. Verrill, Murex

1953, MCCSC no. 132: 10, 2 figs, (off Montserrat [Island], Lesser Antilles).
Type and paratype [presumed to be in author's collection].

hemphilli Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANLP 52: 169, pi. 8, fig. 3 (Sarasota Bay [Florida], ANSP; West
Florida, YPM). Figured holotype ANSP 79013; three paratypes YPM
10302.

henica Verrill and Bush, Siphonaria

1900, TCAAS 10: 524, pi. 55, fig. 6; pi. 56, fig. 8 (Bailey Bay, Bermuda;
shore). Holotype YPM 15738, only specimen.

Heterodoridae Verrill, Family

1882, TCAAS 5: 549. Type genus: Heterodoris Verrill and Emerton 1882,
with the statement, "This genus will probably have to be made a new
family, Heterodoridae."

Heterodoris Verrill and Emerton, Genus

1882, in Verrill, TCAAS 5: 548. Type species: Heterodoris robusta Verrill
and Emerton 1882, by monotypy.

hispidulus Verrill, Sipho Plate 13, fig. 1

1884, TCAAS 6: 239 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2033, 379 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 34840, only specimen.

Histioteuthidae Verrill, Family

1881, TCAAS 5: 431. Type genus: Histioteuthis Orbigny.

humilis Bush, Cyclostremella

1897, TCAAS 10: 141, pi. 22, figs. 8, 8b (1883-84, Albatross 2112, 2274, 2277,
2278, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 15.5-16 fms.). Figured holotype
USNM 41634 sta. 2278; paratype YPM 15807 sta. 2078.

hyalina Verrill and Bush, Limatula Plate 9, fig. 2

1898, PUSNM 20: 825 [not figured] (1885, Albatross 2367- 2374, 25-124
fms.). Holotype USNM 202850, figured by Stuatdo (1968, pi. 8, fig. 18);
paratypes YPM 8647; both stas. 2369-2374.

Hyalopecten Verrill, Genus

1897, TCAAS 70: 71. Type species: Hyalopecten undatus Verrill 1897,
original designation.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 43

hyatti Verrill, Rossia

1878, AJS (3) 16: 209 (Massachusetts Bay, 50 fms.; off Cape Sable, 88-92
fms., off Halifax, 57-100 fms., both [Nova Scotia]); 1880, AJS (3) 19: 291, pi.
15, figs. 1, 2. Not mentioned as in USNM by Roper and Sweeney (1978).
Specimen labeled "paratype" YPM 16078, Speedwell stas. 85-86.

hypsela Verrill and Bush, Eulima Plate 16, fig. 2

1900, TCAAS 10: 526, pi. 64, fig. 9 (Bermuda). Figured holotype ANSP
103471; paratypes YPM 15689 with the note, "specimen depicted sent to
Pilsbry [i.e. ANSP]."

incisa Bush, Turbonilla Plate 16, fig. 8

1899, PANSP 52: 156, pi. 8, fig. 12 (West Florida). Figured holotype ANSP
[lost]; lectotype, here selected, ANSP 62800; paralectotype ANSP 372503.

incisula Verrill, Bela Plate 11, fig. 1

1882, TCAAS 5: 461, pi. 43, fig. 12; pi. 57, fig. 14 (Labrador; Eastport
Harbor, Maine; Bay of Fundy, 5-10 fms.; Georges Bank, Casco Bay and
Gulf of Maine, seven stations [subsequently numerous USFC stations,
not individually listed here]). Figured holotype USNM 77165 Fish Hawk
899; paratypes YPM 15656, Labrador; YPM 15657 Speedwell stas. 98-99
and YPM 15658 Fish Hawk 987.

incisus Bush, Cadulus

1885, TCAAS 6: 471, pi. 45, fig. 20 ([1884] Albatross [2272], off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 15 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 44860; two
paratypes YPM 15865.

inclinata Bush, Turbonilla Plate 16, fig. 4

1899, PANSP 52: 167 [not figured] (St. Thomas, West Indies). Holotype
ANSP 72044, only specimen.

inconspicua Bush, Leptogyra Plate 18, figs. 1-3

1897, TCAAS 10: 137 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2174, off Delaware
Bay, 1594 fms.). Holotype USNM 77624.

inconspicua Verrill, Runcina

1901, TCAAS 11: 28, pi. 3, fig. 6 (Castle Harbor [Bermuda], at low tide
under stones). Holotype and paratypes YPM [not located].

inconspicua Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 869, pi. 79, figs. 3, 5 (1878-86, Speedwell, Fish Hawk,
Atlantis, fifteen stations between 42°33'N, 69°58.5'W and 35°12'10"N,
74°57'15"W, 100-705 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 48867 sta. 947.

inequalis Verrill and Bush, Axinopsis orbiculata

1898, PUSNM 20: 795, pi. 92, figs. 5, 6 (Eastport, Maine, 1872; Bay of
Fundy). Figured holotype USNM 159850, from Eastport, Maine.

inequalis Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon (Axinulus)

1898, PUSNM 20: 791, pi. 90, figs. 1, 2 (1877, Speedwell 98, 99 [and nine
other stations, not listed] midway between Sandwich Point and McNabs
Island Light, Halifax Harbor [Nova Scotia], 18 fms.). Figured holotype

44 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

USNM 159850; paratypes YPM 8775 sta. 293.

inflata Boss, Pandora (Pandorella)

See under: brevis Verrill and Bush, Kennerlia.

inflata Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1897, AJS (4) 3: 56, figs. 3, 4, 11 (1883-86, USFC, about 20 stations from
south of Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 516-1608 fms.);

1898, PUSNM 20: 864, pi. 80, fig. 8. Figured holotype USNM 38417, fig. 8,
sta. 2041.

Inioteuthis Verrill, Genus

1881, TCAAS 5: 417 [footnote]. Species listed: Inioteuthis japonica and /.
morsei, both 1881. Type species: I. japonica Sasaki (1929: 140), subsequent
designation.

inornata Verrill and Bush, Clidiophora

1898, PUSNM 20: 819, pi. 95, figs. 5, 6 (1872-81, USFC, twenty-three
stations, north of Cape Cod, off Stellwagen Bank, and off Chatham
[Massachusetts], 10-43 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 49760, refigured by
Boss (1965: 197, pi. 120, figs. 1,2); paratype YPM 8837; both Speedwell 327,
off south end of Stellwagen Bank, 17 fms.

insculpta Verrill, Chlamys islandica

1897, TCAAS 10: 73, pi. 16, fig. 4-5b (Bay of Fundy and northward to
Greenland and Iceland, down to 179 fms.; as far south as Cape Cod, 20-100
fms.; off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], dead; 69-194 fms.) [not in
USNM or YPM type collections].

insignis Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon

1898, PUSNM 20: 785, pi. 91, figs. 1-2 (1885, Albatross [off Nova Scotia]
2499, 130 fms.). Figured syntypes USNM 52596, two left valves [not 52733
as published].

iris Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 863, pi. 80, fig. 2; pi. 82, fig. 11 (1872-86, Bache, Fish
Hawk, Albatross, 45 stations between 47°40'N, 47°35'30"W and
35°12'10"N, 74°57'15"W, 20.5-781 fms.). Figured syntypes USNM 159722
sta. 895.

ischna Bush, Turbonilla pupoides

1899, PANSP 52: 153, pi. 8, fig. 5 (Bermuda). Figured holotype ANSP
79014; three paratypes ANSP 372507.

isocardia Verrill, Venus Plate 4, fig. 1

1870, AJS (2) 49: 221 [not figured] (near La Paz [Baja California]). Lecto-
type, here selected, YPM 4941.

japonica Verrill, Inioteuthis

1881, TCAAS 5: 417 [footnote] (Bay of Yeddo, Japan, E. S. Morse) [not in
YPM type collection].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 45

jeffreysii Verrill, Pleurotomella

1885, TCAAS 6: 411, pi. 44, fig. 3 (1884, Albatross 2222, 1537 fms., 2230,
1168 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 44649 sta. 2222; paratype USNM
44650 sta. 2230, only specimens.

jonesii Verrill and Bush, Odostomia

1900, TCAAS 10: 531, pi. 64, fig. 13 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15707; paratype YPM 15708.

junonia Verrill, Semele Plate 5, fig. 1

1870, AJS (2) 49: 217 [not figured] (near La Paz [Baja California]). Lecto-
type selected by Coan (1988: 28, fig. 49) YPM 4080.

Kelliposis Verrill and Bush, Genus

1898, PUSNM 20: 783. Type species: Montacuta elevata Simpson 1851,
original designation.

Koonsia Verrill, Genus

1882, TCAAS 5: 545. Type species: Koonsia obesa Verrill 1882, by
monotypy.

lacertosa Verrill, Chiroteuthis

1881, TCAAS 5: 408, pi. 56, figs. 1-lf (1881, Browns Bank, off Nova Scotia,
codfish stomach, W. Demsey to USFC; 1881, Fish Hawk 1048, off the
Capes of Delaware, 435 fms.). Holotype USNM 574637, former locality;
paratype [not found], latter locality, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 8).

lactea Verrill, Lamellidoris

1900, TCAAS 10: 548 [not figured] (Bailey Bay Island [Bermuda], at low
water mark among corallines); 1901, Ibid. 11: 32, pi. 4, figs. 8, 8a, 8b.
Holotype YPM [not located], only specimen.

lamellosa Verrill and Smith, Margarita

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 397 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 871 , south of
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 115 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 530, pi. 57,
fig. 38. Figured holotype USNM 44738.

lamellosus Verrill, Idas argenteus

1882, TCAAS 5: 579 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 997, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 335 fms.); 1884 Ibid. 6: pi. 30, fig. 16. Figured
holotype USNM 38210; paratype YPM 8831 sta. 997.

laqueatum Verrill, Dentalium

1885, TCAAS 6: 431, pi. 44, fig. 18 (1884, Albatross 2268, off Chesapeake
Bay [Maryland], 68 fms.). Holotype USNM 44671, only specimen.

lata Verrill and Bush, Tindaria Plate 7, fig. 1

1898, PUSNM 20: 882 [not figured] (1885, Albatross 2385, [Gulf of Mexico],
730 fms.). Measured holotype USNM 203000.

latericeus Verrill [?], Fossarus

1882, TCAAS 5: 586, pi. 57 fig. 28. See under: elegans Verrill and Smith,
Fossarus.

46 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Ledella Verrill and Bush, Genus

1897, AJS (4) 3: 54. New name for Junonia Seguenza 1877, non Hubner
1818. Type species: Leda messanensis Seguenza M. S., Jeffreys 1872,
original designation. Changed to: Ledella bushae Warfen 1978 in 1985,
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42 (2): 146, Opinion 1306, Ledella
name no. 2249, L. bushae name no. 2944.

leeana Verrill, Scalaria (Cirsotrema)

1882, TCAAS 5: 526, pi. 57, fig. 34 (1881, Fish Hawk 1038, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 146 fms.). Holotype USNM 44806, refigured
by Clench and Turner (1952: 349, pi. 172.

lens 'Stimpson' Verrill, Astarte

1872, AJS (3) 3: 213, 287 [not figured]. Based on Astarte crebricostata
Gould (1870: 126, fig. 440), non Forbes 1847.

lens Verrill and Smith, Loripes Plate 5, fig. 3

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 400 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 865-879 off
the coast of southern New England, 65-142 fms.; 1879, off Cape Cod
[Massachusetts], many places, 40-120 fms.). Probable measured syntype,
here selected lectotype, USNM 64270 sta. 874; paralectotypes YPM 9104
sta. 870.

lentus Verrill, Octopus

1880, AJS (3) 19: 138 [not figured] (near La Have Bank, off Nova Scotia,
120 fms.); 1881, TCAAS 5: 375, pi. 35. Figured holotype USNM 34223, teste
Roper and Sweeney (1978: 8). Subsequently figured specimen MCZ 3495,
1880, Blake 329, 603 fms.; Verrill, 1881, BMCZ 8: 108, pi. 4, fig. 2.

Lepetella Verrill, Genus

1880, AJS (3) 20: 396. Type species: Lepetella tubicola Verrill and Smith
1880, by monotypy.

leptalea Bush, Choristella

1897, TCAAS 10: 139, figs. 8, 9; pi. 23, figs. 16, a (1885, Albatross 2547, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 390 fms.). Holotype USNM 52504,
only specimen.

leptalea Verrill, Cingula

1884, TCAAS 6: 182, pi. 32, fig. 10 (1883, Albatross 2072, 858 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 38060, only specimen.

leptalea Verrill, Cocculina

1884, TCAAS 6: 202, pi. 32, figs. 20, 20a, 20b (1883, Albatross 2036, 1735
fms., 2038, off Nantucket Shoals, 2033 fms., 2105, 1395 fms.). Holotype
USNM 38079 sta. 2038; paratypes USNM 35128 sta. 2036 and USNM
35371 sta. 2105.

leptalea Bush, Pleurotomella

1893, BMCZ 23: 208, pi. 2, figs. 5, 5a (1880, Blake 325, off Cape Fear [North
Carolina], 647 fms.). Holotype MCZ 119127, only specimen.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 47

leptalea Bush, Scalaria

1885, TCAAS 6: 465 [not figured] ([1884] Albatross [2277], off Cape Hatte-
ras [North Carolina], 14-16 fms.); 1893, BMCZ 23: 240, pi. 1, fig. 17, genus
changed to: Scala. Holotype USNM 44854 sta. 2277, refigured by Clench
and Turner (1952: 293, pi. 133, fig. 1).

leptaleus Verrill, Pecten

1884, TCAAS 6: 232 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109 off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 839, pi.
85, fig. 1. Holotype USNM 38413.

leptaleus Verrill, Sipho

1884, TCAAS 6: 175, pi. 31, fig. 14 (1882, Fish Hawk 1143, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 452 fms.). Holotype USNM 202879, only
specimen.

Leptaxinus Verrill and Bush, Genus

1898, PUSNM 20: 796. Type species: Leptaxinus minutus Verrill and Bush

1898, original designation.

Leptogyra Bush, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 135. Type species: Leptogyra uerrilli Bush 1897, original
designation.

Leptopecten Verrill, Subgenus of Chlamys Bolton 1798

1897, TCAAS 10: 69. Type species: Pecten monotimeris Conrad 1837,
original designation.

Leptoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1884, TCAAS 6: 140. Type species: Leptoteuthis diaphana Verrill 1884, by
monotypy.

leptum Bush, Dentalium

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 586 [84] ([1884] Albatross [2276], off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 14-15 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 470, pi. 45, figs. 18,
18a. Figured holotype USNM 41562, refigured by Henderson (1920: 66, pi.
10, fig. 4).

Lestoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1880, TCAAS 5: 251. Type species: [Onychoteuthis] kamtschitica Mid-
dendorff 1849, original designation.

leuca Bush, Mangilia

1893, BMCZ 23: 209, pi. 1, fig. 2 (1880, Blake 329, off Cape Lookout [North
Carolina], 603 fms.). Holotype MCZ 119075, only specimen.

leuca Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANSP 52: 167 [not figured] (Bermuda); 1900, in Verrill and Bush,
TCAAS 10: 529, pi. 64, fig. 18. Figured holotype YPM 15801.

leucoptera Verrill, Sepiola

1878, AJS (3) 1 6: 378 (Gulf of Maine, 30 miles east from Cape Ann [Massa-
chusetts] 1 10 fms.); 1880, AJS (3) 19: 291, pi. 15, figs. 4, 5. Syntype USNM

48 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

729735, 1878, Speedwell 194, 110 fms. The disposition of the other two
syntypes is unknown, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 8).

leucozonia A. H. Verrill, Engina

1950, MCCSC no. 104: 3, fig. (Nevis [Island, Lesser Antilles]). Type in
author's collection.

levicula Verrill, Lunatia Plate 10, fig. 7

1880, PUSNM 3: 371 [not figured] (near Eastport, Maine, 1870; Casco Bay,
Maine, USFC; 1880, Fish Hawk 812-814, off Block Island [Rhode Island],
26-28 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5:516 [not figured]; 1884, TCAAS 6: pi. 29, fig. 3.
Lectotype, here selected, USNM 75840, Casco Bay, Maine.

limicola Verrill, Trophon abyssorum

1885, TCAAS 6: 421 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2038, 2033 fms., 2084,
1290 fms.; 1884, Albatross 2221, 1525 fms.); 1893, in Bush, BMCZ 23: 240,~
pi. 1, fig. 15. Figured holotype USNM 38039 sta. 2084; paratypes USNM
34847 sta. 2038 and YPM 15745 sta. 2084.

lintoni Verrill and Smith, Trophon

1882, in Verrill, AJS (3) 24: 365 [footnote, not figured] (1882, Fish Hawk
1118, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 70 fms.); 1884, TCAAS 6:
176, pi. 29, fig. 1. Holotype USNM 77269, only specimen.

lirata Verrill, Omalaxis "? "

1882, TCAAS 5: 529 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 770, off Newport,
Rhode Island, 874 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 452, Additions and Corrections:
Skenea "(?)" lirata V. = Omalaxis "(?)" V. "This species is common in 10 to
43 fathoms off Cape Hatteras, but has not been preserved with the
animal, so that the genus is still uncertain." 1893 in Bush, BMCZ 23: 240,
pi. 1, fig. 11, 1884, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina sta. 2278, figured
specimen 44664. Holotype USNM 406741.

liratulus Verrill, Sipho stimpsonii

1882, TCAAS 5: 500. New name for Neptunea (Sipho) arata Verrill 1880,
non Gould 1860.

lissa Verrill, Eulimella (or Menestho)

1884, TCAAS 6: 195, pi. 32, fig. 6 (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 35433; paratypes
YPM 15090.

Lissopecten Verrill, Subgenus of Chlamys Bolton 1798

1897, TCAAS 10: 68. Type species: Ostrea hyalina PoH 1795, original
designation.

Lissospira Bush, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 129. Type Species: Cyclostrema proxima Tryon 1888,
original desig^nation.

lottae Bush, Diaphana "?"

1893, BMCZ 23: 222, pi. 2, figs. 8, 9 (1880, Blake 329, off Cape Lookout
[North Carolina], 603 fms.; 1882, Fish Hawk 1142, off Martha's Vineyard

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 49

[Massachusetts], 322 fms.). Figured holotype MCZ [not located]; syntype
USNM 45604 sta. 1142.

lottae Verrill, Pleurotomella

1885, TCAAS 6: 415, pi. 44, fig. 7 (1884, Albatross 2221, 1525 fms.). Figured
holotype USNM 40498; paratype YPM 15724, only specimens.

lubrica Verrill and Bush, Odostomia

1900, TCAAS 10: 532, pi. 64, fig. 15 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15709 [specimen missing].

lucida Verrill, Eulimella

1884, TCAAS 6: 192, pi. 32, figs. 3, 3a (1883, Albatross 2038, off Nantucket
Shoals, 2033 fms.). Holotype USNM 38218, only specimen.

macra Verrill, Urosalpinx Plate 10, fig. 9

1884, TCAAS 6: 239 [not figured] (1883, AZ6aiross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.). Holotype USNM 35772, only specimen.

maculatus A. H. Verrill, Murex

1950, Nautilus 65: 126, pi. 9, fig. 3 (off Dominica, Lesser Antilles, 40-50
fms.). Type and paratype in author's collection.

margaritana A. H. Verrill, Voluta

See under: ornata A. H. Verrill, Voluta.

Martesiella Verrill and Bush, Subgenus

1898, PUSNM 20: 111. Type species: Martesia {Martesiella) fragdis Verrill
and Bush 1898, by monotypy.

Mastigotheuthidae Verrill, Family

1881, TCAAS 5: 430. Type genus: Mastigoteuthis Verrill 1881.

Mastigoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1881, BMCZ 8: 100. Type species: Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill 1881, by
monotypy.

media Verrill and Bush, Cuspidaria

1898, PUSNM 20: 800, pi. 71, figs. 5, 6; pi. 75, fig. 6 (1880-84, Fish Hawk,
Albatross, about fifteen stations off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts],
63-155 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 49018, pi. 71, fig. 6, sta. 849; figured
paratype USNM 49020, pi. 71, fig. 5, sta. 949.

megalops Verrill, Abralia

1882, AJS (3) 24: 364 [not figured] (1882, Fish Hawk 1137, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 173 fms.); 1883, BMCZ 11: 105, pi. 3, fig. 4;

1884, TCAAS 6: 143, pi. 28, fig. 2. Holotype USNM 38022, only specimen,
teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 9).

megalopsis Verrill, Benthoteuthis

1885, TCAAS 6: 402, pi. 44, fig. 1 (1884, Albatross 2189, 600 fms., 2205, 1073
fms.). Syntypes USNM 39967 sta. 2189; USNM 39968 sta. 2205, teste
Roper and Sweeney (1978: 9).

50 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

megaptera Verrill, Ancistrocheirus

1885, TCAAS 6: 399, pi. 42, figs. 1, la (1884, Albatross 2235, 707 fms.).
Holotype USNM 40128, only specimen and no longer extant, teste Roper
and Sweeney (1978: 9).

megaptera Verrill, Aplysia

1900, TCAAS 10: 545, pi. 66, fig. 6 (Bailey Bay [Bermuda], on reefs).
Syntypes YPM [not found].

megaptera Verrill, Architeuthis

1878, AJS (3) 16: 207 [not figured] (Cape Sable, Nova Scotia); 1880,
TCAAS 5: 223, pi. 21, figs. 1-9, changed to: Sthenoteuthis megaptera
(Verrill). Holotype now in National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa,
Canada, 92651.

megaptera Verrill, Cirrhoteuthis

1885, TCAAS 6: 405, pi. 43, figs. 1, 2 (1884, Albatross 2225, 2512 fms.; 2224,
2574 fms.). Figured syntype USNM 39963, no longer extant; USNM 40131,
macerated, both sta. 2225; USNM 40127, poor condition, USNM 39916, no
longer extant, both sta. 2224, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 9).

megaptera Verrill, Rossia

1881, TCAAS 5: 349, pi. 38, fig. 1; pi. 46, fig. 6 (1880, off the southern coast
of Newfoundland, 150 fms., Capt. K. Markuson). Figured holotype YPM
17713, consists of "12th sucker of tentacular arm," only.

Megayoldia Verrill and Bush, Genus

1897, AJS (4) 3: 55. Type species: Nucula thraciaeformis Storer 1838,
original designation.

messanensis Verrill and Bush, Ledella

1897, AJS (4) 3: 54, figs. 13, 18. Holotype USNM 52156 sta. 2566, refigured
by War6n (1978: figs. 8, 9). Non L. messanensis Seguenza M. S., Jeffreys
1870, changed to: Ledella bushae War6n (1978: 213).

Microyoldia Verrill and Bush, Genus

1897, AJS (4) 3: 56. Type species: Yoldia regularis Verrill 1884, original
designation.

mighelsi Bartsch, Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus)
See under: costulata Verrill, Turbonilla.

miniata Verrill, Lamiellidoris

1901 , TCAAS i i : 32, pi. 3, fig. 1 (Castle Harbor [Bermuda], under stones at
low tide). Holotype YPM [not located].

minuscula Bush, Pseudorotella

1897, TCAAS 10: 118, figs. 3a-c (1884, Albatross 2283, off Cape Hatteras,
North Carolina, 14 fms.). Holotype USNM 41623, only specimen.

miniscula Verrill and Bush, Rissoa (Manzonia)

1900, TCAAS 10: 540, pi. 65, fig. 16 (Bermuda). Holotype YPM 15732, only
specimen.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 51

minuscula Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 870, pi. 79, figs. 2, 7 (1883-85, Fish Hawk, Albatross, four
stations between 41°53'N, 65°35'W and 38°27'N, 73°2'W, 705-1290 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 38415 sta. 2084.

minuta Bush, Volvula

1885, TCAAS 6: 469, pi. 45, fig. 11 ([1883] Albatross [2113], off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 14-16 fms.). Holotype USNM 44773.

minutus Verrill and Bush, Leptaxinus

1898, PUSNM 20: 797, pi. 89, figs. 3-5 (1881, Fish Hawk 949, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100 fms.). Holotype USNM 45686, only speci-
men, refigured by Scott (1986: 150, fig. Ic).

modesta Verrill, Idalia

1875, AJS (3) 10: 41, pi. 3, fig. 3 (1874, off west end of Fishers Island [no
depth]; Block Island Sound, 17-24 fms.; north of Little Gull Island, 40 fms.;
[all New York]). Figured holotype and paratypes YPM [presumed lost].

modestus Verrill, Angulus Plate 7, fig. 2

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 285, pis. 2, 2a (Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay
[Massachusetts]), 6-10 fms.; Long Island Sound, off New Haven [Connec-
ticut]; 1873, ARUSCFF, p. 667, [383], pi. 30, fig. 224, changed to: A. tenellus
Verrill, non Carpenter 1864. Syntype, now paralectotype, YPM 76973,
Vineyard Sound, figured by Boss (1968: 323, pi. 158, figs. 3, 4); lectotype,
here selected, YPM 8758. "Type lot" in the USNM 76972 was not collected
until 1875.

mohorteri A. H. Verrill, Cymatium (Ranularia)

1952, MCCSC no. 119:2,2 figs. (Soufriere Bay, Dominica [Lesser Antilles],
75-100 fms.) Type and paratype in author's collection.

Molleriopsis Bush, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 137. Type species: Molleriopsis abyssicola Bush 1897,
original designation.

mollis Verrill, Allopusus

1880, AJS (3) 20: 394 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 880, 892, 893, 895
225-487 fms., about 100 to 115 miles south of Newport, Rhode Island)

1881, BMCZ 8: 113, pi. 4, fig. 4; pi. 8, figs. l-2a; 1881, TCAAS 5: 366, pi. 50
figs. 1, la, 2, 2a; pi. 51, fig. 4. Syntypes USNM 382470; USNM 574848
USNM 729164 and USNM 729737, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 9)
"syntype" YPM 17711, though labeled sta. 881.

morio Verrill, Tethys (Aplysia)

1901 , TCAAS i 7 : 25, pi. 3, figs. 5, 5a (Castle Harbor [Bermuda]). Holotype
YPM [not located], only specimen.

Moroteuthis Verrill, Genus

1881 [October], AJS (3) 22: 298 [footnote]. Type species: Ommastrephes
robustus 'Dair Verrill 1876 original designation. Also 1881 [October],

52 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

TCAAS 5: 393 as: Onychoteuthis (or Lestoteuthis "?") robusta 'Dall'
Verrill 1876.

morsei Verrill, Inioteuthis

1881, TCAAS 5: 417 [footnote] (Bay of Yeddo, Japan, E. S. Morse). Holo-
type YPM 9638A; paratype YPM 9638B.

multicostata Verrill and Smith, Neaera

1880, in Verrill, PUSNM 3: 398 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 871, 873,
874, south of Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 85-120 fms.); 1882,
TCAAS 5: 559, pi. 58, fig. 4. Figured holotype USNM 48940 sta. 871;
paratypes YPM 8800 sta. 871 and YPM 8801 sta. 874.

multistriata Verrill, Ethalia Plate 15, fig. 1

1884, TCAAS 6: 242 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM 35733.

nanus Verrill and Bush, Cyclopecten

1897, in Verrill, TCAAS 10: 85, pi. 16, figs. 12, 12a-c as parvus [sic] (off the
eastern coast of the United States, opposite Chesapeake Bay and Cape
Hatteras [North Carohna], 43 to 132 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush,
PUSNM 20: 837, pi. 85, figs. 2-4. Figured holotype USNM 107789 sta. 2265
[paratypes in same lot].

Nectoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1883, BMCZ 11: 108. Type species: Nectoteuthis pourtalesii Verrill 1883,
by monotypy.

neglecta A. H. Verrill, Cypraecassis testiculus

1949, Mollusca 2 (5): 9, pi. 2, fig. 5 (Dominica, also Barbados and Virgin
Islands [West Indies]). Type and paratypes [presumed to be] in author's
collection.

nigrolabra Verrill, Nassa

1880, PUSNM 3: 371 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 870, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 155 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 512, pi. 58, fig. 12.
Holotype USNM 43846, only specimen.

nitida Verrill, Avicula hirundo "?"

1880, AJS (3) 20: 392[nude name]; 1881, PUSNM 3: 402 [not figured] (1880,
Fish Hawk 856-867, 869-873, south of Martha's Vineyard [Massachu-
setts], 65-192 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 582, pi. 58, fig. 43. USNM type card
with the note, "cotype could not be located, lectotype in H. Hayes thesis,
3/72." Since no syntype is available, this selection would be invalid even
if the thesis had been published.

nitida Verrill and Smith, Delphinula

1885, TCAAS 6: 424, pi. 44, fig. 11 (1884, Albatross 2229, 1423 fms.).
Holotype USNM 44648, only specimen.

nitida Verrill, Eulimella

884, TCAAS 6: 194, pi. 32, fig. 5 (1883, Albatross 2038, off Nantucket
Shoals, 2033 fms.). Holotype 38182, only specimen.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 53

nitida Verrill, Kelliella

1885, TCAAS 6: 438 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2221, 1525 fms., 2038,
2033 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 778, pi. 91, fig. 8; pi. 93,
fig. 10. Figured holotype USNM 37921 sta. 2221; paratypes USNM 40498
sta. 2221 and USNM 35217 sta. 2038.

nitida Verrill, Ringicula Plate 10, fig. 5

1872 [1873], AJS (3) 5: 16 [not figured] (1872, Bache (O), 42°5'N, 67°49'W,
(S) is 42°11'N, 67°15'W off northeast and northwest border of Georges
Bank, 1 10, 150 fms.); 1874, in Smith and Harger, TCAAS 3: 48, pi. 1, fig. 2.
Figured holotype USNM 43766 [not located in USNM type collection],
now YPM 15776 [stations not separated].

nitida Verrill, Seguenzia formosa Plate 15, fig. 4

1884, TCAAS 6: 188 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2038, off Nantucket
Shoals, 2033 fms.). Measured holotype USNM 38078 [with note "figured"
on USNM type card].

nitida Verrill, Thracia

1884, TCAAS 6: 221, pi. 32, fig. 22 (1883, Albatross 2097, off Chesapeake
Bay, 1917 fms.). Holotype USNM 35267, only specimen.

nitida Verrill, Turtonia

1872, AJS (3) 3: 213, 286, pi. 7, figs. 4, 4a. Based on Turtonia minuta Gould
(1870: 85, fig. 395), not of European authors.

nitidus Verrill, Actaeon

1882, TCAAS 5: 540, pi. 58, fig. 21 (1880-81, Fish Hawk, 892, 947, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 487, 312 fms.). Figured holotype
USNM 45669 sta. 947; paratype YPM 15638 sta. 892.

niveus Verrill, Placobranchopsis

1901, TCAAS 11: 27, pi. 4, fig. 10 (Harrington Sound, in shallow water on
the under side of a coral {Isophyllia dipsacea); also in Castle Harbor [6oi/i
Bermuda]). Holotype YPM [not located].

nobilis Verrill, Coryphella

1880, PUSNM 3: 388 [not figured] (1879, Speedwell 326, off Cape Cod
[Massachusetts], 75 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 552, pi. 42, fig. 15. Holotype
YPM 15678, only specimen.

nobilis Verrill, Omalaxis

1885, TCAAS 5: 423, pi. 44, fig. 12 (1884, Albatross 2265, 70 fms.). Holotype
USNM 41481.

nobilis Verrill, Scaphander

1884, TCAAS 6: 209, pi. 32, figs. 18, 18a-d (1883, Albatross 2052, 1098 fms.,
2074, 1309 fms., 2076, 906 fms., 2077, 1255 fms., off Martha's Vineyard
[Massachusetts]; 1883, Albatross 2102, 1209 fms., 2103, 1091 fms. off
Delaware Bay). Figured holotype USNM 35641 sta. 2102; paratypes
USNM 35374 sta. 2103 and YPM 15737 sta. 2101.

54 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

nodosa Verrill and Smith, Admete

1885, in Verrill, TC AAS 6: 41 9, pi. 44, fig. 9 (1884, Albatross 2234, 816 fms.,
2217, 924 fms.). Holotype USNM 44646 sta. 2234.

nodulosa Verrill and Bush, Limatula Plate 9, fig. 1

1898, PUSNM 20: 824 [not figured] (1885, Albatross 2385 [Gulf of Mexico],
730 fms.). Holotype USNM 1 10618, single valve, figured by Stuardo (1968,
pi. 15, fig. 75).

nux Verrill and Bush, Lucina

1900, TCAAS 10: 518, pi. 63, figs. 12, 13 (Bermuda). Holotype YPM 8760,
single valve.

obesa Verrill, Koonsia

1882, TCAAS 5: 545 (1880-81 Fish Hawk 895, 939, 946, 1025, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 216-258 fms.; 1881, Fish Hawk 1045, off Dela-
ware Bay, 312 fms.); 1884, Ibid. 6: pi. 28, fig. 7. Holotype USNM 784665
figured by Gosliner (1985, figs. 4-8).

obesa Bush, Turbonilla costulata

See under: costulata Verrill, Turbonilla.

obesum Verrill and Bush, Caecum

1900, TCAAS 10: 538, pi. 65, fig. 2 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15669 and a paratype.

obesus Verrill, Cryptodon

1872, AJS (3) 3: 211, 287, pi. 7, fig. 2 (off Nomans Land [south of Martha's
Vineyard, Massachusetts], 19 fms.; Labrador). Figured holotype USNM
74299 stas. 860-863 [not separated].

obesus Verrill, Octopus

1880, AJS (3) 19: 137 (from stomach of halibut, taken 36 miles east from
the N.E. Light of Sable Island [off Nova Scotia], 160-300 fms.); 1881,
TCAAS 5: 379, pi. 36, figs. 3, 3a. Holotype USNM 382469, teste Roper and
Sweeney (1978: 10.

obesus Verrill, Sipho Plate 12, fig. 3

1884, TCAAS 6: 168[not figured] (1883, ^/6a^ross 21 15, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 843 fms.). The lot containing the holotype and several
syntypes [sic] USNM 35600 mentioned by Bouchet and War6n (1985: 212)
consists of a single specimen, smaller than the measured holotype and is,
here selected, lectotype.

obliqua Bush, Venericardia Plate 5, fig. 4

1885, TCAAS 6: 478 [not figured] {Albatross [no station given], off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 7-10 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, YPM
10781 sta. 2289, single valve; paralectotype YPM 10782 sta. 2290.

obscura Verrill, Doridella

1870, AJS (2) 50: 408, text figs. 2a, b, 3 (Savin Rock, New Haven [Connecti-
cut]); 1873, ARUSCFF, p. 664 [370], pi. 25, figs. 173a, b. Holotype YPM
15683, so marked.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 55

obsoletus Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon

1898, PUSNM 20: 789, pi. 89, figs. 1, 2 (1881, Fis/i //aM;;fe 949, [and two other
stations, not listed] (off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 159886, labeled "selected as lectotype by Ockel-
mann"; paratype YPM 8781 sta. 894.

olivacea Verrill, Cithna "?"

1884, TCAAS 6: 185, pi. 29, fig. 5 (1882, Fish Hawk 1154, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 193 fms.; 1883, Albatross 2084, 1290 fms.).
Figured holotype USNM 38237 sta. 1154.

olivacea Verrill, Doris "?"

1900, TCAAS 10: 548 [not figured] (Bailey Bay [Bermuda], among coral-
lines); 1901, Ibid. 11: 38, pi. 4, fig. 7 [subsequently discovered specimen].
Syntypes YPM [not located].

Opisthoteuthidae Verrill, New Family

1896, AJS (4) 2: 74. Type genus: Opisthoteuthis Verrill 1883, original
designation.

Opisthoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1883, BMCZ 11: 113. Type species: Opisthoteuthis agassizii Verrill 1882,
by monotypy.

ornata Verrill, Acanthodoris

1879, AJS (3) 17: 313 [not figured] (1872, USFC, Eastport, Maine, at low
water); 1882, TCAAS 5: 549, pi. 42, fig. 12. Figured holotype [not located in
USNM or YPM].

ornata A. H. Verrill, Voluta

1953, MCCSC no. 132: 9, fig. (Margarita [Island, Venezuela]; Curacao
[Netherlands Antilles]). Type [presumed to be] in author's collection. Non
Voluta ornata Link 1807, non Voluta musica ornata A. H. Verrill 1950,
changed to: Voluta margaritana A. H. Verrill, 1954, MCCSC no. 104: 4.

ornata A. H. Verrill, Voluta musica

1950 MCCSC no. 102: 5 (Bequia Island, Grenadines). Three types [pre-
sumed to be] in author's collection. Non Voluta ornata Link 1807.

ornatum Verrill, Cyclostrema dalli

1884, TCAAS 6: 255, pi. 32, fig. 17 (1883, Albatross 21 15, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 843 fms.). Holotype USNM 35610, only specimen.

Orthoyoldia Verrill and Bush, Genus

1897, AJS (4) 3: 55. Type species: Yoldia scapina [error for scapania] Dall
1890, original designation.

ovata Verrill and Bush, Nucula proxima

1898, PUSNM 20: 852, pi. 81, fig. 6; pi. 88, fig. 5 (1880, Fish Hawk 863, off
Cuttyhunk Light in Vineyard Sound [Massachusetts] 18 fms.). Holotype
USNM 73467, only specimen.

56 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

ovatus Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon (Axinulus)

1898, PUSNM 20: 793, pi. 91, fig. 7; pi. 93, fig. 1 (1881, Fish Hawk 949, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100 fms.). Figured holotype USNM
159887; also three specimens, not types, USNM 35531 (1883, Albatross
2113, 15 fms.), "of considerably larger size which agree closely with this
species and are probably identical."

oxia Bush, Mangilia melanitica

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 580 [78] ([1883] Albatross [2113], off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 7-48 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 459, pi. 45, figs. 3,
3a. Figured holotype USNM 35360 [segregated from paratypes in the
same lot].

oxytata Bush, Mangilia

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 582 [80] (1883, Albatross 2108, off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 48 fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 400, pi. 45, fig. 1.
Holotype USNM 35395, only specimen.

oxytata Bush, Volvula

1885, TCAAS 6: 468, pi. 45, fig. 12 ([1883] Albatross [2112], off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 7-17 fms.). Holotype USNM 35871.

pachia Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella Plate 6, fig. 1

1898, PUSNM 20: 868 [not figured] (1885, Albatross 2385, 730 fms.). Lecto-
type, here selected, USNM 203001, single valve.

packardii Verrill, Pleurotomella

1872 [1873], AJS (3) 5: 15 [footnote, not figured] (1872, Bache (O) [off
northwest border of Georges Bank] 110 fms.); is 42°5'N, 67°49'W; 1882,
TCAAS 5 453, pi. 43, fig. 9; pi. 57, fig. 5. Holotype USNM 37874, only
specimen.

pallida Verrill, Coryphella "?"

1900, TCAAS 10: 547 [not figured] (Bailey Bay [Bermuda], in corallines).
Holotype YPM [not located], only specimen.

pallida Verrill, Loligo

1873, ARUSCFF, p. 441 [147], 635 [341], pi. 20, figs. 101, 101a (Long Island
Sound [Connecticut]). Holotype YPM [not located].

pandion Clench and Turner, Epitonium (Boreoscala)
See under: gracilis Verrill, Acirsa.

pandionis Verrill and Smith, Cadulus

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 392, 399 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 869-
871, 873, 874, 876, 877, 891, off coast of southern New England, 85-192
fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 558, pi. 38, figs. 30, 30a. Figured holotype USNM
38644 sta. 876; paratypes MCZ 186814 sta. 870.

pandionis Verrill, Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella)

1880, PUSNM 3: 368 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 895, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 238 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 456, pi. 57, figs. 4,
4a. Holotype USNM 37873, only specimen.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 57

papillosa Verrill, Elysia

1901, TCAAS 7 7: 31, pi. 4, fig. 3 (Hungry Bay [Bermuda], under stones at a
very low tide). Holotype YPM [not located].

Paramusmm Verrill, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 72. Type species: Amusium dalli Smith [Amussium]
1886, original designation.

parva Verrill and Bush, Cuspidaria

1898, PUSNM 20: 801, pi. 74, fig. 9; pi. 77, fig. 7 (1884, Albatross 2203 [and
six other stations, not hsted], 705 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 159742;
paratype YPM 8827 sta. 2115.

parva Verrill and Bush, Ledella

1897, AJS (4) 3: 54 [footnote], fig. 18 (1886, Albatross 2689, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 525 fms.); 1898, PUSNM 20: 857, pi. 8, fig. 1.
Holotype USNM 78365, single valve.

parvus Verrill and Smith, Sipho

1882, in Verrill, TCAAS 5: 504, pi. 57, figs. 20, 20a, 20b (1881, Fish Hawk
937, 947, 994, 997, 1029, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 312-506
fms.). Figured holotype USNM 38013 sta. 997; paratypes YPM 15329 sta.
947 and YPM 15327 sta. 997.

paucistriata 'Dall' Bush, Neacera

1885, TCAAS 6: 473. Nude name.

Pectinella Verrill, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 68. Type species: Pecten (Pseudamusium) sigsbeei Dall

1886, original designation.

pedersenii Verrill, Enaeta Plate 4, fig. 2

1870, AJS (2) 49: 226 [not figured] (La Paz [Baja California]). Lectotype,
here selected, YPM 8842.

pellucida Verrill, Lamellaira

1880, AJS (3) 20: 395 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 870-872, off Delaware
Bay, 100-208 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 518, pi. 58, figs. 4, 5, 5a. Figured
holotype USNM 202846 sta. 871.

penistoni Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANSP 52: 165, pi. 8, fig. 14 (Bermuda). Figured holotype ANSP
70024; paratype YPM 15800.

perlepida Verrill, Turbonilla Plate 17, fig. 5

1885, TCAAS 6: 427 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2265, off Chesapeake
Bay [Maryland], 70 fms.). Holotype USNM 44790, only specimen [not in
USNM type collection].

perversa Bush, Eulima

1909, AJS (4) 27: 479 [footnote]. New name for Eulima distorta Verrill

1881, non Deshayes 1835.

58 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

picta Verrill, Elysia

1901, TCAAS 11: 30, pi. 4, fig. 2 (Hungry Bay [Bermuda], under stones at
low tide). Holotype and paratype YPM [not located], only specimens.

pictus Verrill, Octopus

1883, BMCZ 11: 112, pi. 3, fig. 2 (1878-79, Blake 142, 278, Flannegan
Passage, and off Barbados [Windward Islands], 27, 69 fms.); 1885,
ARUSCFF for 1883, pi. 22, fig. 65. Two syntypes, presumed lost, not
mentioned by Roper and Sweeney (1978).

pilsbryi Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANS? 52: 151, pi. 8, fig. 9 (St. Thomas, West Indies). Holotype
ANSP 72045, only specimen.

piscatorum Verrill, Octopus

1879, AJS (3) 18: 470 [not figured] (western part of La Have Bank, off Nova
Scotia, 120 fms.); 1881, TCAAS 5: 377, pi. 36, figs. 1, 2. Holotype USNM
574641, tes e Roper and Sweeney (1978: 11).

Placopecten Verrill, Subgenus of Chlamys Bolton 1798

1897, TCAAS 10: 69. Type species: Pecten clintonius Say 1824, original
designation.

plana Verrill, Limopsis

1885, TCAAS 6: 441 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2098, 2221 fms.); 1893,
in Bush, 23: 240, pi. 2, fig. 19; 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 846, pi.
75, fig. 5. Holotype USNM 35238; paratype YPM 5771, only specimens.

planula Verrill, Machaeroplax obscura Plate 17, fig. 6

1882, TCAAS 5: 531 [not figured] (south of Cape Cod [Massachusetts],
15-30 fms.). Holotype USNM 76067, off Block Island [Rhode Island];
paratype YPM 15955.

planulus Verrill, Sipho pygmaeus

1882, TCAAS 5: 505 [footnote] (off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts],
20-350 fms.) [not in USNM type collection].

planus Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon

1898, PUSNM 20: 788, pi. 88, figs. 3, 4 (1879, Speedwell 254, Cape Cod Bay,
21 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 159893.

plena Verrill, Cirrhoteuthis

1885, TCAAS 6: 404, pi. 42, fig. 3 (1884, Albatross 2025, 1073 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 39908, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 11).

Pleurobranchopsis Verrill, Genus

1900, TCAAS 10: 547. Type species: Pleurobranchopsis aurantiaca Verrill
1900, by monotypy.

Pleurotomella Verrill, Genus

1872 [1873], AJS (3) 5: 15 [footnote]. Type species: Pleurotomella packardii
Verrill 1872, by monotypy.

1

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 59

plicatus Verrill, Cryptodon

1885, TCAAS 6: 437[notfigured](1884,/l/^a^'-oss 2205, 2193, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 1073, 1122 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush,
PUSNM 20: 786, pi. 89, fig. 6. Figured holotype USNM 44825 sta. 2193.

polita Verrill, Ac) is

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 282, pi. 6, fig. 5 (Eastport Harbor [Maine], 20 fms.,
shelly bottom); 1882, TCAAS 5: 538, fig. 4. Holotype YPM [not located],
only specimen.

polita Verrill and Bush, Malletia

1898, PUSNM 20: 876, pi. 82, fig. 10 (1886, Albatross 2718, 1569 fms.).
Holotype USNM 78792, single valve.

polita Verrill and Smith, Modiola Plate 8, fig. 1

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 400 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 895, south
off Newport, Rhode Island, 238 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM
51361 [with note selected by B. R. Wilson, Sept. 26, 1983, not published];
paralectotype USNM 64328.

Polycerella Verrill, Genus

1880, PUSNM 3: 386. Type species: Polycerella emertoni Verrill 1880, by
monotypy.

pourtalesii Verrill, Nectoteuthis

1883, BMCZ 11: 108, pi. 3, figs. 1, lab (1879, Blake 295, off Barbados
[Windward Islands], 295 fms.). Holotype USNM 729734, only specimen,
teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 11).

pourtalesii Verrill and Smith, Scalaria

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 395 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 873, 874, off
southern New England, 85-100 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 527, pi. 57, fig. 32.
Holotype USNM 44801 sta. 874, refigured by Clench and Turner (1952: pi.
149, figs. 1, 2); paratype YPM 15736 sta. 873.

pretiosa Verrill and Bush, Myonera "?"

1898, PUSNM 20: 812, pi. 77, fig. 5 (1886, Albatross 2655, 338 fms.).
Holotype USNM 110619, single valve.

princeps Verrill, Architeuthis

1875, AJS (3) 9: 181, pi. 5, figs. 14-16 (sperm whale stomach taken in the
north Atlantic; banks of Newfoundland). Two syntypes, probably YPM
[not located].

profundicola Verrill and Smith, Area

1885, TCAAS 6: 439, pi. 44, figs. 23, 23a (1884, Albatross 2226, 2121 fms.).
Holotype USNM 37999; paratype USNM 44501.

profundicola Verrill and Bush, Limopsis

1898, PUSNM 20: 847 [no description] pi. 75, fig. 4; pi. 83, fig. 4. Described
in Verrill, 1885, TCAAS 6: 440 as Limopsis aurita "?" Jeffreys (1884-86,
Albatross, ten stations between 41°7'N, 65°26'30"W and 36°47'N,

60 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

73°9'30"W, 1525-1859 fms.). Figured syntypes USNM 52410, pi. 75, fig. 4;
USNM 38143, pi. 83, fig. 4, sta. 2221.

profundicola Verrill and Smith, Sipho

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 170, pi. 31, fig. 13 (1883, Albatross 2037, 1731
fms., 2038, 2033 fms., 2097, 1917 fms., 2106, 1497 fms.). Holotype USNM
37999 sta. 2037, teste Bouchet and War^n (1985: 211); paratypes YPM
15313 sta. 2037 and YPM 15309 sta. 2097.

Protamusium Verrill, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 71. Type species: Pecten demissum Philippi [is demissus
Phillips 1839] original designation.

pseudointerrupta Bush, Turbonilla

1909, AJS (4) 27: 481. New name for Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) interrupta
Bartsch (1909: 87, pi. 12, figs. 18, 23, Narragansett Bay [Rhode Island])
non Totten 1835. Holotype USNM 202889, only specimen.

psila Bush, Mangilia

1885, TCAAS 6: 455, pi. 45, fig. 2 (1884, Albatross 2269, off Cape Hatteras
[North CaroUna], 48 fms.). Holotype USNM 44756, only specimen.

pubescens Verrill, Sipho Plate 12, fig. 2

1882, TCAAS 5: 501, pi. 43, fig. 6; pi. 57, fig. 25 (1877, Speedwell [no station
number], off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 88-91 fms. and off Halifax [Nova
Scotia], 42 fms.; 1880-81, [Fish Hawk] 48 stations, 86-410 fms.; 1880, Fish
Hawk 898 off Chesapeake Bay, 56-300 fms.; 1881, off Delaware Bay, 156,
435 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM 37767 sta. 893; paralectotype
YPM 15366 sta. 898.

pulchella Verrill, Atlanta Plate 19, figs. 1-3

1884, TCAAS 6: 211 [not figured] (1883, Atlantis 2100, off Delaware Bay,
surface; 2038, surface). Two syntypes USNM 38397 sta. 2100; syntypes
YPM 15768 sta. 2100 and USNM 38410 sta. 2038.

pulchella Verrill, Taranis

1880, PUSNM 3: 368 [not figured] 1880, {Fish Hawk 892, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 487 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 487, pi. 57, fig. 17.
Holotype USNM 37841, only specimen.

pura Verrill, Astyris

1882, TCAAS 5: 515 [not figured] (1880-81 Fish Hawk 892, 894, off Mar-
tha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100-487 fms; off Chesapeake Bay, 300
fms.); 1893 in Bush, BMCZ 23: 240, pi. 1, fig. 13. Holotype USNM 45260
sta. 894; paratype YPM 15764 sta. 892.

pusilla Verrill, Bela decussata Plate 11, fig. 4

1882, TCAAS 5: 481 [not figured] (Casco Bay, Maine, 12-15 fms.; Halifax
Harbor, [Nova Scotia], 18 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM 77203,
label with note "figured"; paralectotypes YPM 15652 [from USNM 77218
also with note "figured"] and YPM 15653; all from Halifax Harbor, para-
lectotype YPM 15657, Casco Bay.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 61

pustulosus Verrill, Pecten

1872 [1873], AJS (3) 5: 14 [footnote, not figured] (Gulf of Maine, near
Georges Bank, 150 fms.; east of Georges Bank, 430 fms.); 1874, in Smith
and Harger, TCAAS 3: 50 [description]; 1882, TCAAS 5: 581, pi. 42, figs.
22, 22a, changed to: Pecten hoskynsi pustulosus Verrill; 1884, Ibid. 6: 261,
non P. hoskynsi Forbes 1843, changed to: Pecten pustulosus Verrill 1872;
1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 389, pi. 35, figs. 5, 6, 10, 1 1, changed
to: Cyclopecten pustulosus (Verrill). Holotype USNM 48764, fig. 10, stas.
96B, 97B, off northeast border of Georges Bank, 150 fms.

pygmaea Verrill, Bela

1882, TCAAS 5: 460, pi. 57, fig. 8 (1880-81, Fish Hawk 892, 894, 947, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 487, 386, 312 fms.). Holotype USNM
37858 sta. 892, [includes smaller paratype] mentioned by Bouchet and
War6n (1980: 68); paratype YPM 15694 sta. 894 label, also bearing USNM
number 37854 with note, "best sent to Dall [i.e. USNM]."

pygmaea Verrill, Eledonella

1884, TCAAS 6: 145, pi. 32, fig. 2 (1883, Albatross 2099, 2949 fms.); 1885,
ARUSCFF for 1883, pi. 22, fig. 64. Figured holotype USNM 35268, teste
Roper and Sweeney (1978: 12).

pygmaeus Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon (Axinulus)

1898, PUSNM 20: 792, pi. 86, figs. 3, 4 (1886, Albatross 2697 [and two other
stations, not listed] 206 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 78368; paratype
YPM 8774 sta. 2547.

pygmaeus Bush, Murex (Pteronotus) [sic]

1893, BMCZ 23: 213, pi. 1, figs. 3, 4 (1880, Blake 319, off Charleston [South
Carolina], 262 fms.). Holotype MCZ 6918, only specimen, refigured by
Clench and Farfante (1945: 36, pi. 20, figs. 7, 8). Non Muricites pygmaeus
Schlotheim 1820, changed to: Pterynotus (Pterynotus) bushae Vokes
(1970: 13).

pyrrha Bush, Turbonilla Plate 16, fig. 6

1899, PANSP 52: 160, pi. 8, fig. 1 (St. Thomas [Virgin Islands]). Figured
holotype ANSP [lost]; lectotype, here selected, ANSP 72050; paralecto-
types ANSP 72054 and 372505.

quadrimaculata Verrill, Lamellidoris "?"

1900, TCAAS 10: 549, pi. 66, fig. 3 (Castle Harbor [Bermuda], on dead
corals). Holotype and paratype YPM [not located], only specimens.

ramosa Verrill and Emerton, Issa

1881, in Verrill, AJS (3) 22: 301 [not figured] (1881, Fis/i Hawk 940, 949, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 130, 100 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 547,
pi. 58, figs. 36, 36a. Figured type [not located in USNM or YPM type
collections].

rapax Verrill, Cheloteuthis

1881, BMCZ 8: 110, pi. 2, figs. 1, la-f (1880, Fish Hawk 893 100 miles
south of Newport, Rhode Island, 893 fms.). Holotype USNM 574639, only
specimen, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 12).

62 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLI.USKS

rapax Verrill, Chiloteuthis [sic] Cheloteuthis

1881, TCAAS 5: 293, pi. 49, figs. 1-lf (1880, Fish Hawk 893, about 100 miles
south of Newport, Rhode Island, 372 fms., stomach of a fish). Ibid. p. 446
errata, genus changed to: Cheloteuthis {=Lestoteuthis). Holotype USNM
574639, only specimen, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 12).

rarinota Bush, Lissospira (Ganesa "?") Plate 10, fig. 2

1897, TCAAS 10: 134 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2150, 382 fms.).
Holotype YPM 15804, only specimen.

rathbuni Verrill, Bela

1884, TCAAS 6: 236 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2105, off Chesapeake
Bay, 1395 fms.). Holotype USNM 35704, only specimen.

rathbuni Verrill and Smith, Turbonilla

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 398 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 869, 894,
895, off southern New England, 192-365 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 536, pi. 58,
fig. 15. Figured holotype USNM 45459 sta. 895; paratypes YPM 15750 sta.
895.

regalis Verrill and Smith, Margarita

1880, in Verrill, AJS (3) 20: 397 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 865, 870,
871, 873, 880, 891-895, off southern New England, 65-500 fms.); 1882,
TCAAS 5: 530, pi. 57, fig. 37. Figured holotype USNM 44681 sta. 895.

regularis Verrill and Bush, Limatula Plate 9, fig. 3

1898, PUSNM 20: 823 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2265, 70 fms.). Lecto-
type USNM 40862, single valve selected by Stuardo (1968: 227, pi. 14, fig.
62).

regularis Verrill, Yoldia

1884, TCAAS 6: 228 [not figured] (1882, Fish Hawk 1093, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 349 fms.); 1897, in Verrill and Bush, AJS (4) 3:
56, figs. 5, 6; 1898, PUSNM 20: 860, pi. 78, figs. 5, 6. Holotype USNM 38420.

rehderi A. H. Verrill, Cymatium

1950, Nautilus 63: 126, pi. 9, figs. 1, la (25-40 fms., off Dominica, Lesser
Antilles). Holotype USNM 594095.

reticulata Verrill, Cocculina

1885, TCAAS 6: 426 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2265, off Chesapeake
Bay [Maryland], 70 fms.); 1893, in Bush, BMCZ 23: 240, pi. 2, fig. 6.
Figured holotype USNM 44832.

reversa Verrill, Calliteuthis

1880, AJS (3) 20: 393 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 894, about 100 miles
south of Newport, Rhode Island, 365 fms.); 1880, TCAAS 5: 295, pi. 46, figs.
1-lb. Holotype USNM 574849, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 12).

robusta Verrill and Emerton, Heterodoris

1882, in Verrill, TCAAS 5: 549, pi. 58, figs. 35, 35a, 35b (1881, Fish Hawk
1029, off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 458 ftns.). Holotype, only
specimen [not in USNM type collection].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 63

robusta Verrill, Xenophora

1870, AJS (2) 49: 226 [not figured] (near La Paz [Baja California]). Holo-
type YPM 8882, figured by Strong, Hanna, and Hertlein (1933: 124, pi. 5,
figs. 8, 9).

robustus Verrill, Dendronotus

1870, AJS (2) 50: 405, fig. 1 (Whale Cove, Grand Manan [Island, New
Brunswick, Canada], on sea-weeds in a pool near low-water mark). Holo-
type YPM [lost], only specimen.

robustus 'Dair Verrill, Ommastrephes

1876, AJS (3) 12: 237 [not figured] (coast of Alaska); 1880, TC AAS 5: 246,
pis. 23, 24 (west shore of Amaknak Island, Captains Harbor; near Iliuliuk;
both Unalashka Island, off the coast of Alaska), changed to: Onychoteu-
this robusta (Dall) Verrill. Holotype USNM 576952, "species description
based on three specimens. Portions of specimen two only saved by Dall,"
teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 12).

roseopicta Verrill, Chromodoris "?"

1900, TCAAS 10: 549, pi. 66, fig. 1 (Bailey Bay [Bermuda], just below tide
mark on rocks); 1901, Ibid. 11: 33, figs. 2, 2a [subsequently discovered
specimen]. Holotype YPM 15677, only specimen.

rubida A. H. Verrill, Hemitona

1950, Nautilus 63: 126, pi. 9, figs. 2, 2a (reefs at Canefield Point, Dominica,
Lesser Antilles). Five types in author's collection.

rushii Bush, TurboniUa

1899, PANSP 52: 160, pi. 8, fig. 11 (Maldonado Bay, Uruguay, 3-6 fms.).
Holotype ANSP 70535, only specimen.

ruthi A. H. Verrill, Astraea

1948, Mollusca 2 (3): 70, pi. (Barbardos [West Indies]). Holotype and
paratype [presumed to be] in author's collection.

rutila Verrill, Coryphella

1879, AJS (3) i 7: 314 [not figured] (Eastport, Maine, at low water); 1882,
TCAAS 5: 552 [not figured]. Syntypes [not located in USNM or YPM].

saffordi Verrill and Smith, Pleurotomella

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 151, pi. 31, figs. 4, 4a (1883, Albatross 2041,
2043, 2076, 2084, 2115, 906-1608 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 38308 sta.
2084.

sandersoni Verrill, Buccinum Plate 14, fig. 1

1882, TCAAS 5: 490, pi. 58, fig. 9 (1881, Fis/i Hawk 939, 1032, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 258, 264 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM
202823 sta. 939 [soft parts in alcohol].

sandersoni Verrill, Cingula

1884, TCAAS 6: 241 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.); 1893, in Bush, BMCZ 23: 240, pi. 1, fig. 19.
Figured holotype USNM 35447 [at YPM]; paratypes YPM 15770 [in the
same USNM lot].

64 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

sandersoni Venill, Pleurotomella

1884, TCAAS 6: 149, pi. 31, figs. 3, 3a (1883, Albatross 2038, 2033 fms; 2043,
1467 fms.; 2084, 1290 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 34841 sta. 2038;
paratypes USNM 34851 sta. 2043 and USNM 38315 sta. 2084.

sanguinea A. H. Verrill, Voluta musica

1950, MCCSC no. 102: 5 (Bequia Island and Carriacou [Islands], Grena-
dines). Type [presumed to be] in author's collection.

sarsi Bush, Eulima

1909, AJS (4) 27: 479 [footnote]. New name for Eulima intermedia Verrill
1881, non Cantraine 1835.

sarsii Verrill, Bela

1880, PUSNM 3: 364. New name for Bela cancellata Sars 1858, non Bela
cancellata (Mighels and Adams 1842).

Seguenzidae Verrill, Family

1884, TCAAS 6: 186. Type genus: Seguenzia Jeffreys 1876.

Sepidea Verrill, Division

1881, TCAAS 5: 432, 433. Family mentioned: Loliginidae H. and A.
Adams 1853.

Sepiolidea Verrill, Division

1881, TCAAS 5: 432, 434. Family mentioned: SepioHdae Kefferstein 1866.

simplex Verrill and Bush, Cryptodon (Axinulus)

1898, PUSNM 20: 791, pi. 92, figs. 3, 4 (1882, Fish Hawk 1093, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 349 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 159888.

simplex Verrill, Cyclopecten Plate 8, fig. 3

1897, TCAAS 10: 87, pi. 16, fig. 1; pi. 19, figs. 1-2 (West Indies, USFC).
Lectotype, here selected, YPM 8763, with note "isolated left valve is poten-
tial lectotype, T. J. Waller 9/23/80"; 1884, Albatross 2150; 382 fms. [not in
USNM type collection].

simplex Verrill, Sipho (Mohnia) Plate 12, fig. 4

1884, TCAAS 6: 11 A [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2115, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 843 fms., 2055, 9915 fms.). The "holotype" USNM 35573
sta. 2115 mentioned by Bouchet and War^n (1985: 206) is much smaller
than the original measured holotype and is here selected lectotype.

smithi Bush, Circulus

1897, TCAAS 10: 126. New name for Cyclostrema tricarinatus Smith
1871, non Wood 1848.

smithii Verrill, Marginalia

See under: virginiana Verrill, Marginella.

smithii Verrill, Turbonilla

1880, PUSNM 3: 380 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 871, 873, 876 off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100-120 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 538,

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 65

pi. 58, fig. 10, genus changed to: Eulimella. Figured holotype USNM 45482
sta. 871; paratypes YPM 15752 sta. 871 and YPM 15753 sta. 876.

solidum Verrill, Dentalium

1884, TCAAS 6: 215 [not figured] (1883, Albatross numerous stations
between 2050 and 2115, 843-2084 fms.); non Hutton 1873, changed to:
Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale uerrilli Henderson (1920: 2). Lec-
totype USNM 34687 sta. 2083, off Georges Bank, 956 fms., selected by
Henderson, Ibid. pi. 9, fig. 3.

somersensis Verrill, Phacoides pennsylvanicus

1906, TCAAS 12: 185 [141], fig. 63 (Devonshire formation [Cenozoic], near
Hungry Bay [Bermuda]). Holotype YPM 15740, left valve [not located].

somersensis Verrill, Succinea

1906, TCAAS 12: 171 [127] [not figured] (beach rock, Devonshire forma-
tion [Cenozoic], near Hungry Bay [Bermuda]). Holotype YPM 15740, only
specimen. [The apex is missing, the aperture is broken and lodged in the
matrix].

somersi Verrill and Bush, Odostomia (Evalea)

1900, TCAAS 10: 533, pi. 65, fig. 7 (Bermuda). Four specimens YPM 15710,
labeled "syntypes" are not this species. [They appear to be Eulima].

spectabilis Verrill, Cadulus

1885, TCAAS 6: 432, pi. 44, fig. 19 (1883, Albatross 2043, 1467 fms.; 1884,
Albatross 2174, 2221, 2222, 2228, 1525-1594 fms.). Holotype USNM 78626
sta. 271 1, teste Henderson (1920: 107, pi. 17, fig. 9); station 2711 was made
in 1886. The holotype is USNM 40498 sta. 2221, teste (Turner, 1955: 320);
paratype USNM 38116 sta. 2043.

spectabilis A. H. Verrill, Strombus costatus

1950, Nautilus 63: 127, pi. 9, fig. 4 (off Dominica, Lesser Antilles, 30-40
fms.). Type in author's collection.

spinulosa Bush, Granigyra Plate 10, fig. 1

1897, TCAAS 10: 135 [not figured] (1886, Albatross 2655, 338 fms.).
Holotype YPM 15805, only specimen.

Stauroteuthis Verrill, Genus

1879, AJS (3) 18: 468. Type species: Stauroteuthis syrtensis Verrill 1879,
by monotypy.

Sthenoteuthis Verrill, Genus

1880, TCAAS 5: 222. Type species: Architeuthis megaptera Verrill 1878,
original designation.

stimpsoni Verrill, Cuthona

1879, AJS (3) 17: 314 [not figured] (Eastport, Maine); 1882, TCAAS 5: 552,
pi. 42, fig. 14, genus changed to: Coryphella. Two syntypes YPM 15679;
syntype YPM 15680 [dried up].

stimpsoni Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANSP 52: 156, pi. 8, fig. 7 (Carolina Coast). Holotype ANSP 72042,
only specimen.

66 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

stimpsoniana S. I. Smith, Gundlachia

1870, in Smith and Prime, ALNHNY 9: 399, fig. 6 (three ponds at Green-
port, Long Island; and one on Shelter Island both Suffolk Co., New York)
Syntypes [not located].

stimpsonii Verrill, Stylifera

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 283 (off the coast of New Jersey, on a bank in 32
fms., parasitic on Euryechinus drobachiensis V.); 1874, in Smith and
Harger, TCAAS 3: 49, pi. 1, fig. 1. Syntypes YPM [not located].

Stoloteuthis Verrill, Genus

1881, TCAAS 5: 417. Type species: Sepiola leucoptera Verrill 1878, orig-
inal designation.

strausi A. H. Verrill, Murex (Aaronia)

1950, MCCSC no. 103: 4, 2 text figs. (Soufriere Bay, Dominica [Lesser
Antilles, 75-100 fms.]). Five types [presumed to be] in author's collection.

striata Verrill, Aclis Plate 1 1 , fig. 7

1880, PUSNM 3: 377 [not figured] (Bay of Fundy, near Eastport, Maine;
1880, Fish Hawk 873, off Newport, Rhode Island, 100 fms.); 1882, TCAAS
5: 528, pi. 58, fig. 13. Lectotype, here selected, YPM 15757 from the former
locality; paralectotype YPM 15704 from the latter locality, only
specimens.

striata Bush, Lissospirata

1897, TCAAS 10: 132, figs. 5, a (1884, Albatross 2213, off Martha's Vine-
yard [Massachusetts], 384 fms.). Holotype USNM 77626, only specimen.

striatella Verrill and Bush, Halonympha

1898, PUSNM 20: 810, pi. 72, figs. 2, 3; pi. 77, fig. 10 (1886, Albatross 2655,
338 fms.). Holotype USNM 203003, single valve.

striatula Verrill and Bush, Montacuta

1898, PUSNM 20: 780, pi. 93, fig. 9 (1883-84, Albatross 2273, 2276, off Cape
Hatteras, North Carolina, 15-48 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 77634 sta.
2273 [not 41486 as published. This reserved USFC number was inadvert-
ently used for another species].

stricta Verrill, Turbonilla Plate 16, fig. 5

1873, ARUSCFF, p. 658 [365] [not figured] (Long Island Sound, off New
Haven [Connecticut]). Lectotype, here selected, YPM 12849.

stricta Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella iris

1898, PUSNM 20: 864, pi. 80, fig. 1 (1877, Speedwell 43, off Cape Sable
[Nova Scotia], 90 fms.). Holotype USNM 74325, only specimen.

subangulata Verrill, Gymnobela curta Plate 14, fig. 4

1884, TCAAS 6: 159 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2043, 1467 fms., 2084,
1290 fms., 2038, 2033 fms., 2096, 1451 fms.). [None of the four type lots with
the published catalogue numbers mentioned as being in the USNM were
located by Bouchet and War6n (1980: 56) or the present author]. Lectotype,
here selected, YPM 15696 sta. 2043.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 67

subangulata Verrill and Bush, Yoldiella

1898, PUSNM 20: 865, pi. 77, fig. 3; pi. 79, fig. 6 (1874, Bache 46, off
Agamenticus Mountain [York Co., Maine], 51 fms.). Holotype USNM
159728, only specimen.

subimbrifer Verrill and Bush, Cyclopecten

1897, in Verrill, TCAAS 10: 84 (off the eastern coast of the United States,
121-312 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 581, pi. 44, fig. 11 as Pecten hoskynsi
Verrill, non Forbes; 1898 in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 840, pi. 85, figs.
8, 9. Figured syntypes USNM 48762, fig. 8; USNM 48766, fig. 9.

sublaevis Verrill, Rossia

1878, AJS (3) 16: 209 (Massachusetts Bay); 1880, AJS (3) 19: 291, pi. 15, fig.
3. Syntypes USNM 576701, 1877, Speedwell, 85, 86, 57-100 fms., teste
Roper and Sweeney (1978: 13).

sublevis Verrill and Bush, Ledella messanensis

1898, PUSNM 20: 856, pi. 81, fig. 7 (1883-86, Albatross, thirteen stations
between 42°47'N, 61°4'W and 38°20'N, 70°8'30"W, 1188-2033 fms.). Fig-
ured holotype USNM 35212 sta. 2038.

sublevis Verrill, Poromya

1884, TCAAS 6: 221, pi. 32, fig. 21 (1883, Albatross 2097, off Chesapeake
Bay, 1917 fms.). Holotype USNM 35263, only specimen.

subornata Verrill, Elysia

1901, TCAAS 11:29, pi. 4, fig. 4 (Castle Harbor [Bermuda], under stones,
rare). Holotype YPM [not located].

subovata Verrill and Bush, Neilonella

1897, AJS (4) 3: 57 [footnote] figs. 7, 8, 22 (1883-87, Albatross, many
stations from off Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 125-
1731 fms.); 1898, PUSNM 20: 878, pi. 80, fig. 10; pi. 82, figs. 3, 4. Figured
holotype 34826 or 34326 [sic] [not in USNM type collection].

subovata Verrill and Bush, Nucula

1898, PUSNM 20: 852, pi. 81, fig. 8; pi. 83, fig. 5 (1880-85, Fish Hawk,
Albatross, four stations between 40°N, 71°14'30"W and 37°8'N, 74°33'W,
157-444 fms.). Holotype USNM 40474, fig. 5, sta. 2171.

subturgida Verrill, Bela Plate 11, fig. 2

1884, TCAAS 6: 161 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2115, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 843 fms.). Measured holotype USNM 35602 [with note
"figured" on USNM type card], two specimens only.

subvitrea Verrill, Bela Plate 11, fig. 3

1884, TCAAS 6: 160 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2115, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 843 fms.). Measured syntype, here selected lectotype,
USNM 37811 [pubHshed no. 35601, both numbers on USNM type card
with note "figured"]; paralectotype YPM 16660 from USNM 37811.

68 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

sulcata Verrill and Bush, Limopsis

1898, PUSNM 20: 845, pi. 92, fig. 2; pi. 95, fig. 9; pi. 96, fig. 1 (1880-84,
Fish Hawk, Albatross, ten stations between 40°8'N, 68°45'W and
37°7'4"N, 74°35'40"W, 64-349 fms.). Figured syntypes USNM 44829 sta.
2029 and USNM 159785 sta. 2199; syntypes YPM 5765 sta. 865 and YPM
5766 sta. 871.

sulcata Verrill, Odostomia (Menestho)

1880, PUSNM 3: 380[not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 871, 894, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 115, 365 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 539, pi. 58, fig.
17, genus changed to: Menestho [not in USNM or YPM type collections].

sulcatum Verrill, Dentalium occidentale

1884, TCAAS: 6: 217 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2076, 906 fms., 2077,
1255 fms., 2079, 75 fms.); non Lamarck 1818, changed to: Dentalium
(Antalis) occidentale georgiense, Henderson (1920: 43). Type lot USNM
35098 sta. 2077 [specimen lost], was not located by Henderson who figured
a specimen from USNM 52742 sta. 2582, off Martha's Vineyard [Massa-
chusetts], 137 fms., pi. 5, fig. 5.

sulcifera Bush, Pleurotomella

1893, BMCZ 23: 207, pi. 2, fig. 4 (1880, Blake 325, off Cape Fear [North
Carolina], 647 fms.). Holotype MCZ 119050, only specimen.

swiftil Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANSP 52: 166 [not figured] (St. Thomas, West Indies); 1900, in
Verrill and Bush, TCAAS 10: 529, pi. 64, figs. 21, 21a. Figured holotype
ANSP 72055.

syngenes Verrill, Cingula

1884, TCAAS 6: 180, pi. 32, fig. 1 1 (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 142 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 35453; paratype
YPM 15771.

syrtensis Verrill, Stauroteuthis

1879, AJS (3) 18: 469 (43°54'N, 58°44'W, on Banquereau Bank about 30
miles E. of Sable Island [off Nova Scotia] 250 fms.); 1880, AJS 19: 294, pi.
16, figs. 1-5. Holotype USNM 382471 , teste Roper and Sweeney (1978: 13).

tanneri Verrill, Fissurella

1882, PUSNM 5: 333 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 1046, off Delaware
Bay, 104 fms.); 1884, TCAAS 6: 255, pi. 29, figs. 13, 13a. Holotype USNM
43765, only specimen.

tanneri Verrill and Smith, Typhlomangelia

1884, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 163, pi. 31, fig. 8 (1883, Albatross 2084, 1290
fms.). Holotype USNM 38067, only specimen.

Taonidea Verrill, Division

1881, TCAAS 5: 427, 431. Family mentioned: Desmoteuthidae Verrill
1881.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 69

tarda Verrill, Pleurobranchaea

1880, AJS (3) 20: 398 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 814, 865-888, 895;
28-350 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 546, pi. 58, fig. 26. Figured type [not located
in USNM or YPM type collections].

tarda Verrill, Tethys (Aplysia)

1901, TCAAS 11: 26, pi. 3, figs. 4, 4a, 4b (Coney Island [Bermuda]).
Holotype YPM [not located].

tenellus Verrill, Angulus

1873, ARUSCFF, p. 667 [383]. New name for Angulus modestus Verrill
1872, non Carpenter 1864, see under: modestus Verrill, Angulus.

tenera Verrill, Choristes elegans

1882, TCAAS 5: 541, pi. 58, figs. 27, 27a (1881, Fish Hawk 1031, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 225 fms.); 1884, Ibid. 6: pi. 29, figs. 9,
a-b (juvenile). Figured holotype USNM 45251; paratype YPM 15769.

tenera Verrill, Desmoteuthis

1881, TCAAS 5: 412, pi. 55, figs. 2-2d; pi. 56, fig. 3 {Fish Hawk 952, off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 396 fms.). Syntypes USNM 574850,
location of only other syntype unknown, teste Roper and Sweeney (1978:
13).

tenera Verrill, Heteroteuthis

1880, AJS (3) 20: 392 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 865-880, off southern
New England 65-500 fms.); 1881, TCAAS 5: 357, pi. 46, figs. 2-2d, 3-3b; pi.
47, figs. 5, 5a; 1881, BMCZ 8: 103, pi. 3, figs. 5-5b; pi. 8, figs. 2-2d, 3-3b.
About 200 syntypes [not located in USNM or YPM]. Subsequently col-
lected specimen mentioned by Verrill YPM 16116, Blake sta. 321.

tenue Verrill and Bush, Caecum

1900, TCAAS 10: 537, pi. 65, fig. 5 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15670.

tenuis Verrill, Aclis

1882, TCAAS 5: 528, pi. 58, fig. 19 (1880, Fish Hawk 873, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 100 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 44821.

tenuis Verrill and Bush, Montacuta bidentata

1898, PUSNM 20: 779, pi. 92, fig. 7 (1884, Albatross 2277, off Cape Hatte-
ras. North Carolina, 16-17 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 77635.

teres Bush, Odostomia engonia

1885, TCAAS 6: 467, pi. 45, fig. 9 ([1884] Albatross [2276], off Cape Hatte-
ras [North CaroHna], 15-16 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 44951; para-
type YPM 16149.

teres Bush, Scalaria

1885, TCAAS 6: 465, pi. 45, fig. 8 (1884, Albatross 2275, 2276, off Cape
Hatteras [North Carolina], 16 fms.). Holotype USNM 44842 sta. 2276.

Teuthidea Verrill, Division

1880, TCAAS 5: 427. Family mentioned: Teuthidae Owen 1838.

70

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Tharsiella Bush, Genus

1897, TCAAS 10: 113. New name for Tharsis Jeffreys 1883, non Giebel
1847. Type species: Oxystele romettensis Seguenza (1877 in Grillo, p. 7),
original designation by Jeffreys.

tiarella Verrill, Torellia fimbriata Plate 10, fig. 3

1882, PUSNM 5: 331 [not figured] (1880-81, Fish Hawk 869, 878, 939, 1025,
1026, 1033, 1038; 142-258 fms.; 1873, Bache 21B, 42°49'N, 68°50'W, near
Cashes Ledge, off the coast of Maine, 52-90 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 521 [not
figured]. Lectotype, here selected, USNM 45431 sta. 1026.

tincta Verrill, Philine Plate 10, fig. 6

1882, TCAAS 5: 544 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 921, off Martha's
Vineyard [Massachusetts], 67 fms.). Lectotype, here selected, USNM
45648, two specimens only.

tincta Verrill, Pleurotomella

1885, TCAAS 6: 412, pi. 44, fig. 4 (1884, Albatross 2224, 2574 fms., 2225,
2512 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 44652 sta. 2225; paratype USNM
44651 sta. 2224, only specimens.

Tindarinae Verrill and Bush, Subfamily

1897, AJS (4) 3: 58, 59. Type genus: Tindaria Bellardi 1875.

Tindariopsis Verrill and Bush, Subgenus of Tindaria

1897, AJS (4) 3: 59. Type species: Malletia (Tindaria) agathida Dall 1890,
original designation.

tobagoansis A. H. Verrill, Voluta musica

1953, MCCSC no. 134: 5 (fig.) (Tobago [West Indies]). Type and paratype
[presumed to be] in author's collection.

tornata Verrill, Odostomia Plate 15, fig. 5

1884, TCAAS 6: 196 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2109, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carohna], 142 fms.). Holotype USNM 38033, only specimen [with
note "pi. 85, fig. 3" on USNM type card].

tornatum Verrill and Bush, Caecum

1900, TCAAS 10: 537, pi. 65, fig. 1 (Bermuda). Figured holotype YPM
15671 and 10 paratypes.

tornatus Verrill, Taranis morchii Plate 13, fig. 2

1884, TCAAS 6: 251 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2077, 1255 fms.). Holo-
type USNM 37807; paratype YPM 15741, only specimens.

trigona Verrill, Nucula

1885, TCAAS 6: 438 [not figured] (1884, Albatross 2194, 1140 fms., 2228,
1582 fms., 2229, 1423 fms. [off Maryland]); non Bronn 1849, non Seguenza
1877 changed to: Nucula uerrilli Dall 1886, BMCZ 12: 284; 1893, in Bush,
BMCZ 23: 240, pi. 1, fig. 6; 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 853, pi.
95, fig. 10. Figured holotype USNM 45752 sta. 2229.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 71

trilix Bush, Skenea

1885, ARUSCFF for 1883, p. 584 [not figured] ([1883] Albatross [2113], off
Cape Hatteras, [North CaroUna], 7-17 [15] fms.); 1885, TCAAS 6: 464, pi.
45, figs. 7, 7a; 1897, Ibid. 10: 127, pi. 22, figs. 6, 10, 10a, 12; pi. 23, figs. 10, 15,
genus changed to: Circulus. Figured holotype USNM 35365.

triquetra Verrill and Bush, Montacuta

1898, PUSNM 20: 782, pi. 91, fig. 3 (1884, Albatross 2307, off Cape Hatte-
ras, North Carolina, 43 fms.). Figured holotype USNM 77627, right valve.

trochoides Verrill, Cyclostrema

See under: dalli Verrill, Cyclostrema.

tryoni Bush, Vitrinella

1897, TCAAS 10: 123, pi. 22, figs. 11, 11a (1884, Albatross 2278, off Cape
Hatteras, North CaroUna, 16 fms.). Holotype USNM 41561, only
specimen.

tubicola Verrill and Smith, Lepetella

1880, in Verrill, AJS(3) 20: 396 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 869, 894; off
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 192, 365 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 534,
pi. 58, figs. 29 and 29a. Numerous syntypes USNM 43723 sta. 869 and
USNM 43726 sta. 894; radula of USNM 153171 figured by Hickman (1983:
78, figs. 11,12b).

tumens Verrill, Chione Plate 3, fig. 3

1870, AJS (2) 49: 222 [not figured] (La Paz [Baja California]). Lectotype,
here selected, YPM 3021b.

tumida Verrill, Gastranella

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 286, pi. 6, figs. 3, 3a (Long Island Sound near New
Haven [Connecticut]). Figured syntypes YPM 8845.

turgida Verrill and Bush, Cuspidaria

1898, PUSNM 20: 799, pi. 72, fig. 7; pi. 77, fig. 4 (1886, Albatross 2714, 1825
fms.). Holotype USNM 78789, only specimen.

turgida Verrill and Smith, Diplodonta

1881, in Verrill, AJS (3) 22: 303 [not figured] (1881, Fish Hawk 950, 75
miles south of Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 69 fms.); 1882,
TCAAS 5: 569, pi. 58, fig. 42. Holotype USNM 46143, single valve.

undata Verrill, Neaera

1884, TCAAS 6: 223 [not figured] (1883, Albatross 2098, off Chesapeake
Bay [Maryland], 2221 fms.); 1898, in Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 798, pi.
72, fig. 1; pi. 78, figs. 3, 4 [subsequently discovered specimen]. Holotype
USNM 35256, fig. 1, single valve.

undatus Verrill and Smith, Pecten

1885, in Verrill, TCAAS 6: 444, pi. 44, fig. 21 (1884, Albatross 2229, 1423
fms., 2221, 1525 fms.). Holotype USNM 44827 sta. 2229; paratype USNM
44828 sta. 2221, single preserved specimen and a fragment.

72 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

undulata Verrill, Periploma

1885, TCAAS 6: 433 [not figured] (1885, Albatross 2234, 816 fms.); 1898, in
Verrill and Bush, PUSNM 20: 823, pi. 79, fig. 1; pi. 87, fig. 5. Holotype
USNM 44840, only specimen.

unilirata Bush, Turbonilla

1899, PANSP 52: 165, pi. 8, fig. 6 (St. Thomas [Virgin Islands]). Figured
holotype ANSP 79010.

valida Verrill and Bush, Turbonilla

1900, TCAAS 10: 528, pi. 64, fig. 20 (Bermuda). Holotype YPM 15754, only
specimen.

ventricosa Verrill and Bush, Cuspidaria

1898, PUSNM 20: 802, pi. 72, fig. 5; pi. 76, fig. 6 (1882-86, Fish Hawk,
Albatross, three stations between 40°29'N, 66°4'W and 38°27'30"N,
70°54'30"W, 349-1769 fms.). Figured syntypes USNM 52548 fig. 5, right
valve, sta. 2752; USNM 78783 fig. 6, left valve, sta. 2715; syntype YPM
8825 sta. 1093. Only four valves collected.

veriformis S. I. Smith, Aeolis

1860, ALNHNY 7: 160 [not figured] ([Gardiner's Bay, Long Island, Suf-
folk Co., New York]). Holotype [not located], only specimen.

veronicae Verrill, Cratena

1880, PUSNM 3: 389 [not figured] (1879, Speedwell 328, off Cape Cod
[Massachusetts], 23 fms.); 1882, TCAAS 5: 553 [not figured] [not in USNM
or YPM type collections].

verrilli Tryon, Cyclostrema

See under: cingulatum Verrill, Cyclostrema.

verrilli Henderson, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale
See under: solldum Verrill, Dentalium.

verrilli Bush, Leptogyra

1897, TCAAS 10: 136, pi. 23, figs. 13, 13a (1884, Albatross 2174, off Dela-
ware Bay, 1594 fms.). Lectotype USNM 859033 selected by Marshall
(1988: 959, figs. 2a-c); paralectotype, figured by Bush, USNM 77623;
paralectotype YPM 15806.

verrilli Dall, Nucula

See under: trigona Verrill, Nucula.

verrillii Bush, Trophon

1893, BMCZ 23: 214, pi. 1, fig. 16 (1880, Blake 325, off Cape Fear [North
Carohna], 647 fms.). Figured holotype MCZ 119157.

verrilliana Bush, Eulima

1909, AJS (4) 27: 479. New name for Eulimella nitida Verrill 1884, non
Melania nitida Philippi 1840 nor Eulima nitida A. Adams 1866.

verrucosa Verrill, Eledone

1881, BMCZ 8: 105, pis. 5, 6 (1880, Blake 305, 312, off northeastern extrem-
ity of Georges Bank, 810, 466 fms.); 1917, Berry, PSNSP 69: 5, fig. 1 distal

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 73

portion of right third arm of type. Figured holotype MCZ 3489 sta. 305
[lost]; syntypes USNM 729732 sta. 305 and USNM 577583 sta. 312, teste
Roper and Sweeney (1978: 14).

virens Verrill, Dolabrifera

1901, TCAAS 11: 2A, fig. 1; pi. 2, figs. 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b; pi. 4, fig. 11 (Hungry
Bay [Bermuda], under stones at low tide). Figured holotype; five para-
types YPM [not located].

Virginians Verrill, Marginella

1885, TCAAS 6: 420[not figured] (1884, Albatross 2272, off Cape Hatteras
[North Carolina], 15 fms., 2265, off Chesapeake Bay [Maryland], 70 fms.).
Non Prunum virginiana Conrad 1868, changed to: Marginella smithii
Verrill 1885, Ibid. p. 452; 1893, in Bush, BMCZ 23: 240, pi. 1, fig. 18. Figured
holotype USNM 44834 sta. 2272 [also paratypes under same number].

vitrea Verrill, Pleurotomella

1885, TCAAS 6: 414, pi. 44, fig. 6 (1884, Albatross 2212, 428 fms., 2213, 384
fms.). Figured holotype USNM 44654 sta. 2212; paratypes USNM 40472
sta. 2213, three specimens only.

vitrea Verrill, Styliola

1872, AJS (3) 3: 210, 284, pi. 6, fig. 7 (among Salpae, off Gay Head,
Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts]). Syntypes YPM [not located].

Avhiteavesii Verrill, Lovenella

1880, AJS (3) 20: 396 [not figured] (1880, Fish Hawk 891, 894, off southern
New England, 500, 365 fms.; Gulf of St. Lawrence, Whiteaves); 1882,
TCAAS 5: 522, pi. 42, fig. 7, genus changed to: Cerithiella, new name for
Lovenella Sars 1878, non Hincks 1869. Syntypes National Museum of
Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Canada, 161, from the latter locality, teste
Smith (1981: 4).

Yoldiella Verrill and Bush, Genus

1897, AJS (4) 3: 55. Type species: Yoldia lucida Loven 1846, original
designation. Confirmed, 1985, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42 (2):
146, Opinion 1306, Yoldiella name no. 2250, Y. lucida name no. 2945.

zonatus Verrill, Poecilozonites bermudensis

1902, TCAAS i i: 728 [316] footnote [as zonata]; 1906, Ibid. 13:164 [120], pi.
26, figs. 1, 2; pi. 27, figs. 2a-l, types (Walsingham limestones at the
quarries near the west and southwest shores of Castle Harbor; near
Bailey Bay; near Coney Island; Devonshire and Paget formations, exam-
ples figured are all of the latter period). Syntypes YPM [not located by
Gould (1969: 506)].

74 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

LITERATURE CITED

Bartsch, P. 1909. Pyramidellidae of New England and the adjacent region.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 34 (4): 67-113, pis.
11-14, February.

Berry, S. S. 1917. On Moschites verrucosa (Verrill) and its allies. Proceed-
ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 69 (1): 2-6,
figs. 1-2 January.

Boss, K. J. 1968. The subfamily Tellininae in the Western Atlantic the
genera Tellina (Part II) and Tellidora. Johnsonia 4 (46): 273-344.

Boss, K. J. and A. S. Merrill. 1965. The family Pandoridae in the Western
Atlantic. Johnsonia 4 (44): 181-215.

Bouchet, P. and A. War6n 1979. The abyssal molluscan fauna of the Norwe-
gian Sea and its relation to other faunas. Sarsia 64: 211-243.

1980. Revision of the Northeast Atlantic Bathyal and Abyssal Turri-

dae iMollusca, Gastropoda) [1]. The Journal of Molluscan Studies,
Supplements: 1-119.

1985. Revision of the Northeast Bathyal and Abyssal Neogastropoda

excluding Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) [2]. Bollettino Malacolo-
gico, Supplemento 1: 123-296.

Clench, W. J. and I. P. Farfante 1945. The genus Murex in the Western
Atlantic. Johnsonia 1 (17): 1-58.

Clench, W. J. and T. E. Pulley 1952. Notes on some marine shells from the
Gulf of Mexico, with a description of a new species of Conus. The Texas
Journal of Science 4: 59-61, pi. A.

Clench, W. J. and R. D. Turner. 1951. The genus Epitonium in the Western
Atlantic. Part I. Johnsonia 2 (30): 249-288.

1952. The genera Epitonium (Part II), Depressiscala, Cylindriscala,

Nystiella and Solutiscala in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 2 (31):
289-356.

1960. The genus Calliostoma in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 4

(40): 1-80.

Coan, E. V. 1976. The availability of the taxa proposed in the Minutes of the
Conchological Club of Southern CaUfornia. The Veliger 18 (3): 326-331.

1988. Recent Eastern Pacific species of the bivalve genus Semele. The

Veliger 31 (1/2): 1-42.

Cossmann, M. 1896. Essais de Pal6oconchologie comparee. Paris, deuxi^me
livraison, pp. 1-179, pis. 1-8.

Farfante, I. P. 1947. The genera Zeidora, Nesta, Emarginula, Rimula and
Puncturella in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia 2 (24): 93-148.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 75

Gennaro, Jr., J. F. 1971. The creature revealed. Natural History. The Jour-
nal of the American Museum of Natural History. 80 (3): 24, 84.

Gosliner, T. M. 1985. Redescription and systematic position of Pleuro-
branchaea obesa (Verrill, 1882) (Opisthobranchia: Pleurobranchaei-
dae). The VeUger 28 (1): 109-114.

Gould, A. A. 1841. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, comprising
the Mollusca, Annelida, and Radiata. Cambridge, Ma., pp. i-vi, 1-373,
15 plates comprising figs. 1-213.

1870. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts. Second edition,

comprising the Mollusca. Edited by W. G. Binney. Boston, Ma., pp. i-v
[3] 1-524, text figs. 350-754, colored plates 16-27 comprising figs.
214-349.

Gould, S. J. 1969. An evolutionary microcosm: Pleistocene and Recent his-
tory of the land snail P. (Poecilozonites) in Bermuda. Bulletin of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology 138 (7): 107-523, pis. 1-5.

Grillo, J. G. 1877. Descriptions de quelques especes nouvelles ou peu
connues. Naples. 8vo. pp. 1-16.

Hayes, H. 1972. The recent Pteriidae (Mollusca) of the Western Atlantic and
Eastern Pacific Oceans [Unpublished Ph.D. thesis]. Georgetown Uni-
versity, Washington, D.C. Dissertation Abstract International 33 B
(8): 4039.

Henderson, J. B. 1920. A monograph of the east American Scaphopod
moUusks. United States National Museum, Bulletin 111, pp. vi, 177,
pis. 1-20.

Hickman, C. E. 1983. Radula patterns, systematics, diversity and ecology of
deep-sea limpets. The Veliger 26 (2): 73-92.

Marshall, B. A. 1988. Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mol-
lusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal
depths off New Zealand and New South Wales. Journal of Natural
History 22: 949-1004.

Mackel, R. P. 1986. Biochemical analysis of preserved Octopus giganteus
tissue. Cryptozoology 5: 55-62.

Radwin, G. E. 1972. The systematic position of Urosalpinx carolinensis
Verrill, 1884 with comments on the genus Mohnia Friele, 1878. Tran-
sactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 16 (16): 339-342.

Richards, M. C. and W. E. Old, Jr. 1969. A catalogue of molluscan type
specimens in the Department of Living Invertebrates. The Ainerican
Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. Issued by the
Department of Living Invertebrates, 147 pp. [mimeographed].

76 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Roper, C. F. E. and M. J. Sweeney. 1978. A catalog of the type-specimens of
recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History.
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 278, pp. 19.

Sanders, H. L. and J. A. Allen. 1985. Studies on deep-sea Protobranchia
(Bivalvia); the family Malletiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of
Natural History (Zoology) 49 (2): 195-238.

Sasaki, M. 1929. A monograph of the Dibranchiate Cephalopods of the
Japanese and adjacent waters. Journal of the Faculty [College] of Agri-
culture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo 20 Supplementary
number, pp. i-v, 1-357, pis. 1-30.

Scott, P. H. 1986. New species oi Adontorhina (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) from
the Northeast Pacific, with notes on Adontohrina cyclia Berry, 1947.
The Veliger 29 (2): 150-156.

Smith, M. F. 1. 1981. Type specimens of molluscs in the National Museum of
Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. Publications
in Zoology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Canada, no. 15, pp.
i-iv, 1-36.

Smith, S. I. and O. Harger. 1874. Report on the dredging in the region of St.
Georges Bank in 1872. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of
Arts and Sciences 3 (1): 1-57, pi. 1-7 (1-32, July; 33-57, August).

Strong, A. M., G. D. Hanna and L. G. Hertlein 1933. The Templeton
Crocker expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932, no. 10.
Marine mollusks from Acapulco, Mexico with notes on other species.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 4) 21 (10):
117-130, pis. 5-6.

Stuardo, J. R. 1968. On the phylogeny, taxonomy and distribution of the
Limidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) pp. 327, 26 pis, 44 figs., 24 maps. [Unpub-
lished Ph.D. thesis]. Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.

Turner, R. D. 1955. The family Pholadidae in the Western Atlantic and
Eastern Pacific. (Part IT) Martesiinae, Jouannetiinae and Xylopha-
ginae. Johnsonia 3 (34): 65-160.

1955. Scaphopods of the Atlantis dredgings in the Western Atlantic

with a catalogue of the Scaphopod types in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. Papers in Marine Biology and Oceanography, Pergamon
Press Ltd., London, pp. 309-320.

Yokes, E. H. 1970. Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic region. Part
5. Pterynotus and Poirieria. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontol-
ogy 8 (1): 1-50, 8 pis.

War6n, A. 1978. The taxonomy of some north Atlantic species referred to
Ledella and Yoldiella (Bivalvia). Sarsia 63 (4): 213-219.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

77

DREDGING STATIONS MADE BY VESSELS OF THE
UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION AND UNITED
STATES COAST SURVEY BETWEEN 1877-1886 WHICH
ARE TYPE LOCALITIES OF SPECIES MENTIONED IN
THE PRECEDING LIST.

DREDGINGS BY SPEEDWELL, 1877-79

DEPTH IN

STATION NO.

LONGITUDE

LATITUDE

FATHOMS

18

42°29'

70°38'

45

34

42°37'

09°39'

160

43

43°05.5'

65°02'

90

46

43°05.5'

65°09'

90

52

43°26.5'

65°14'

47

56-58

not given

not given

16

[Halifax Harbor]

70

42°45.5'

62°43'

190

85

44°04'

63°27'

101

86

44°04'

63°27'

101

98

not given

not given

18

[Halifax Harbor]

99

not given

not given

18

[Halifax Harbor]

142

42°34'

70°32'

8.5

148

42°33'

70°41.5'

16

186

42°33'

69°55'

110

194

42°33.5'

69°58.5'

110

254

41°57'

70°17.5'

21

292

42°03.5'

70°18.5'

29

293

42°03.5'

70°19.5'

27

304

42°10'

69°45'

122

313

41°58'

70°09'

15

321

42°03'

70°15'

29.5

325

42°14.5'

70°00.5'

83

326

42°14.5'

70°02'

75

327

42°11'

70°12.5'

17

328

42°10'

70°13'

23

329

42°00'

70°12'

26

330

42°09.5'

70° 13'

26

340

41°51'

70°27.5'

14

78

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

DREDGINGS BY BLAKE, 1878-80

STATION NO.
142 Ag.
148 Ag.
245 Ag.
260 Ag.
278 Ag.
295 Ag.
303 Ag.
305 Ag.
307 Ag.

312 Ag.

313 Ag.
319 Ag.

325 Ag.

326 Ag.

328 Ag.

329 Ag.

LONGITUDE

18°21'45"
17°17'12"
12°07'55"
12°03'30"
13°04'50"
13°14'18"
41°34'30"
41°33'15"
41°29'45"
39°50'30"
32°31'50"
32°25'00"
33°35'20"
33^42'15"
34°28'45"
34°49'40"

LATITUDE

64°37'50"
62°46'43"
61°50'45"
61°47'10"
59°37'40"
59°41'12"
65°54'30"
65°51'25"
65°47'10"
70° 11 '00"
78°45'00"
77°42'30"
76°00'00"
76°00'50"
75°22'50"
75°14'40"

STATION NO.
770

812

813

814

816

817

856

857

858

859

860

DREDGINGS BY FISH HAWK, 1880-82

LONGITUDE LATITUDE

not given not given

[Narragansett Bay]
not given not given

[Off Block Island]
not given not given

[Off Block Island]
not given not given

[Off Block Island]
not given not given

[Narragansett Bay]
not given not given

[Narragansett Bay]
not given not given

[Narragansett Bay]
not given not given

[Narragansett Bay]
not given not given

[Narragansett Bay]
not given not given

[Vineyard Sound]
not given not given

[Vineyard Sound]

DEPTH IN

FATHOMS

27

208

1010

291

69

180

306

810

980

466

75

262

647

464

1632

603

DEPTH IN

FATHOMS

8.25

28.5

28.5

27.5

8.5

10

11

19

14

17.5

17.5

1

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 79

Fish Hawk (continued)

861 not given not given 17

[Vineyard Sound]

862 not given not given 17

[Vineyard Sound]

863

not given

not given

18

[Vineyard Sound]

864

not given

not given

13

[Vineyard Sound]

865

40°05'

70°23'

65

866

40°05'18"

70°22'18"

65

867

40°05'42"

70°22'06"

64

868

40°01'42"

70°22'30"

162

869

40°02'18"

70°23'06"

192

870

40°02'36"

70°22'58"

155

871

40°02'54"

70°23'40"

115

872

40°05'39"

70°23'52"

86

873

40°02'

70°57'

100

874

40°00'00"

70°57'00"

85

875

39°57'00"

70°57'30"

126

876

39°57'00"

70°56'00"

120

877

39°56'00"

70°54'18"

126

878

39°55'00"

70°54'15"

142.5

879

39°49'30"

70°54'00"

225

880

39°48'30"

70°54'00"

252.5

881

39°46'30"

70°54'00"

325

882

not given

not given

12.5

[Narragansett Bay]

883

not given

not given

13

[Narragansett Bay]

884

not given

not given

5

[Narragansett Bay]

885

not given

not given

16

[Narragansett Bay]

886

not given

not given

19

[Off Block Island]

887

not given

not given

19

[Off Block Island]

888

not given

not given

19

[Off Block Island]

889

not given

not given

11

[Off Block Island]

890

not given

not given

11

[Off Block Island]

891

39°46'00"

71°10'00"

480"?"

892

39°46'00"

71°05'00"

487

80

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Fish Hawk (continued)

893

39°52'20"

70°58'00"

372

894

39°53'00"

70°58'30"

365

895

39°56'30"

70°59'45"

238

896

37°26'00"

74°19'00"

56

897

37°25'00"

74°18'00"

157.5

898

37°24'00"

74°17'00"

300

899

37°22'00"

74°29'00"

57.5

921

40°07'48"

70°43'54"

67

925

39°55'00"

70°47'00"

229

928

not given

not given

10

[Vineyard Sound]

937

39°49'25"

69°49'00"

616

938

39°51'00"

69°49'15"

317

939

39°53'00"

69°50'30"

264

940

39°54'00"

69°51'30"

134

945

39°58'00"

71°13'00"

207

946

39°55'30"

71°14'00"

247

947

39°53'30"

71°13'30"

319

948

not given

not given

7

[Buzzard's

5 Bay]

949

40°03'00"

70°31'00"

100

950

40°07'00"

70°32'00"

71

951

39°57'00"

70°31'30"

225

952

39°55'00"

70°28'00"

396

978

not given

not given

17

[Off Chatham, Cape Cod]

987

40°54'

70°48'30"

28

994

39°40'

71°30'

368

997

39°42'

71°32'

335

999

39°45'13"

71°30'

266

1025

39°49'

71°25'

216

1026

39°50'30"

71°23'

182

1028

39°57'

69° 17'

410

1029

39°57'06"

69° 16'

458

1031

39°57'

69°19'

255

1032

39°56'

69°22'

208

1033

39°56'

69°24'

183

1035

39°57'

69°28'

120

1036

39°58'

69°30'

94

1038

39°58'

70°06'

146

1039

39°59'

70°06'

130

1046

38°33'

73°18'

104

1048

38°29'

73°21'

435

1092

39°58'

69°42'

202

1093

39°56'

69°42'

349

1096

39°53'

69°47'

317

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 81

Fish Hawk (continued)

158
70
640
173
322
452
193

DREDGINGS BY U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER
ALBATROSS, 1883-1986

1097

39°54'

69°44'

1118

40°03'

70°45'

1124

40°01'

68°54'

1137

39°40'

71°52'

1142

39°32'

72°00'

1143

39°29'

72°01'

1154

39°55'31"

70°39'

DEPTH IN

STATION NO.

LONGITUDE

LATITUDE

FATHOMS

2003

37°16'30"

74°20'36"

641

2004

37°19'45"

74°26'06"

102

2011

36°38'30"

74°40'10"

81

2012

36°41'15"

74°39'50"

66.5

2025

40°02'00"

70°27'00"

239

2033

39°32'30"

72°18'35"

379

2036

38°52'40"

69°24'40"

1735

2037

38°53'00"

69°23'30"

1731

2038

38°30'30"

69°08'25"

2033

2041

39°22'50"

68°25'00"

1608

2042

39°33'00"

68°26'45"

1555

2043

39°49'00"

68°28'30"

1467

2048

40°02'00"

68°50'30"

547

2050

39°42'59"

69°21'20"

1050

2051

39°41'00"

69°20'20"

1106

2052

39°40'05"

69°21'25"

1098

2055

42°32'00"

68°17'00"

99.5

2072

41°53'00"

65°35'00"

858

2074

41°43'00"

65°21'50"

1309

2076

41°13'00"

66°00'50"

906

2077

41°09'40"

66°02'20"

1255

2078

41°11'30"

66°12'20"

499

2079

41°13'00"

66°19'50"

75

2083

40°26'40"

67°05'15"

959

2084

40°16'50"

67°05'15"

1290

2092

39°58'35"

71°00'30"

197

2094

39°44'30"

71°04'00"

1022

2096

39°22'20"

70°52'20"

1451

2097

37°56'20"

70°57'30"

1917

2098

37°40'30"

70°37'30"

2221

2099

37°12'20"

69°30'00"

2949

2100

39°22'60"

68°34'30"

1628

82 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Albatross (cont'd.)

2102

38°44'00"

72°38'00"

1209

2103

38°47'20"

72°37'00"

1091

2105

37°50'00"

73°03'50"

1395

2106

37°41'20"

73°03'20"

1497

2108

35°16'00"

75°02'30"

48

2109

35°14'20"

74°59'10"

142

2110

35°12'10"

74°57'15"

516

2111

35°09'50"

74°57'40"

938

2113

35°20'30"

75°19'00"

15

2114

35°20'00"

75°20'00"

14

2115

35°49'30"

74°34'45"

843

2132

19°55'39"

75°49'16"

478

2137

17°44'50"

75°39'20"

47

2150

13°34'45"

81°21'10"

382

2171

37°59'30"

73°48'40"

444

2174

38°15'00"

72°03'00"

1594

2189

39°49'30"

70°26'00"

600

2193

39°44'30"

70°10'30"

1122

2194

39°43'45"

70°07'00"

1140

2199

39°57'30"

69°41'10"

78

2203

39°34'15"

71°41'15"

705

2205

39°35'00"

71°18'45"

1073

2208

39°33'00"

71°16'15"

1178

2209

39°34'45"

71°31'30"

1080

2212

39°59'30"

70°30'45"

428

2213

39°58'30"

70°30'00"

384

2215

39°49'15"

70°31'45"

578

2217

39°47'20"

69°34'15"

924

2221

39°05'30"

70°44'30"

1525

2222

39°03'15"

70°50'45"

1537

2224

36°16'30"

68°21'00"

2574

2225

36°05'30"

69°51'45"

2512

2226

37°00'00"

71°54'00"

2045

2227

36°55'23"

71°55'00"

2109

2228

37°25'00"

73°06'00"

1582

2229

37°38'40"

73°16'30"

1423

2230

38°27'00"

73°02'00"

1168

2231

38°29'00"

73°09'00"

965

2233

38°36'30"

73°06'00"

630

2234

39°09'00"

72°03'15"

810

2235

39°12'00"

72°03'30"

707

2249

40° 11 '00"

69°52'00"

53

I
I

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 83

Albatross (cont'd.)

2262

39°54'45"

69°29'45"

250

2265

37°07'40"

74°35'40"

70

2268

35°10'40"

75°06'10"

68

2269

35°12'30"

75°05'00"

48

2272

35°20'10"

75°14'00"

15

2273

35°20'30"

75°17'30"

17

2274

35°20'35"

75°18'05"

16

2276

35°20'45"

75°19'15"

16

2277

35°20'50"

75°19'50"

16

2278

35°20'55"

75°20'20"

16

2283

35°21'15"

75°23'15"

14

2307

35°42'00"

74°54'30"

43

2367

22°38'00"

87°00'00"

124

2368

29°15'00"

85°32'00"

28

2369

29°16'30"

85°32'00"

26

2370

29°18'15"

85°32'00"

25

2371

29°17'00"

85°30'45"

26

2372

29°15'30"

85°29'30"

27

2373

29°14'00"

85°29'15"

25

2374

29°11'30"

85°29'00"

26

2375

29°10'00"

85°31'00"

30

2384

28°45'00"

88°15'30"

940

2385

28°51'00"

88°18'00"

730

2484

44°20'00"

57°11'15"

204

2492

45°22'00"

58°43'45"

75

2499

44°46'30"

59°55'45"

130

2547

39°54'30"

70°20'00"

390

2566

37°23'00"

68°08'00"

2620

2568

39°15'00"

68°08'00"

1781

2570

39°54'00"

67°05'30"

1813

2571

40°09'30"

67°09'00"

1356

2572

40°29'00"

66°04'00"

1769

2574

41°02'30"

65°08'15"

1791

2582

39°50'00"

71°43'00"

137

2655

27°22'00"

78°07'30"

338

2689

39°42'00"

71°15'30"

525

2697

47°40'00"

47°35'30"

206

2706

41°28'30"

65°35'30"

1188

2713

38°20'00"

70°08'30"

1859

2714

38°22'00"

70°17'30"

1825

2718

38°24'00"

71°52'00"

1569

2723

36°47'00"

73°09'30"

1685

84 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS
BY ADDISON EMERY VERRILL (1839-1926)

This bibliography is extracted from the very complete one
by Coe (1930: See under Relevant Literature, p. 13) and his
reference numbers are included. Mentioned here are only
works which in some way relate to mollusks. Coe did not
include book reviews in his work, but those that were located
are mentioned below. Only one significant molluscan work
was overlooked, "The Cephalopods of the northeastern coast
of America" (1882), which seems strange since I have Coe's
copy of this work.

1862 Notes on the natural history of Anticosti. Proceedings
of the Boston Society of Natural History 9: 132-135. Coe 2.

1870 Recent explorations of the deep-sea faunae. American
Journal of Science and Arts (2) 49: 129-134 (January). Coe
25.

1870 Descriptions of shells from the Gulf of California.
American Journal of Science and Arts (2) 49: 217-227
(March). Coe 246.

1870 [Review] Molln can fauna of New Haven, A critical
review of all of th narine, fresh water, and land mollusca
of the region, wi^ ' descriptions of many of the living
animals and of ti • new species; by George H. Perkins.
1869, Proceedings i f the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory. American Journal of Science and Arts (2) 49: 276-277
(March). Not in Coe.

1870 [Review] Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts,
second edition, comprising the Mollusca; by Augustus A.
Gould, edited by W. G. Binney. Boston, 1870. American
Journal of Science and Arts (2) 49: 423-426 (May). Not in
Coe.

1870 Descriptions of some New England Nudibranchiata.
American Journal of Science and Arts (2) 50: 405-408,
figs. 1-3 (November). Coe 247.

1871 On the distribution of marine animals on the southern
coast of New England. American Journal of Science and

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 85

Arts (3) 2: 357-362 (November). Reprinted: Annals and
Magazine of Natural History 9: 92-97, 1872. Coe 29.

1871 Smith, S. I. and A. E. Verrill. Notice of the Invertebrata
dredged in Lake Superior in 1871, by the United States
Lake Survey, under the direction of General C. B. Com-
stock, S. L Smith, naturalist. American Journal of Science
and Arts (3) 2: 448-454 [Mollusca, pp. 448-449; also rep-
aged: 1-7] (December). Not in Coe.

1871 Marine fauna of Eastport, Maine. Bulletin of The Essex
Institute 3: 2-6. Coe 30.

1872 Recent additions to the molluscan fauna of New Eng-
land and the adjacent waters, with notes on other species.
American Journal of Science and Arts (3) 3: 209-213
(March); pp. 281-290, pis. 6-8 (April). Coe 248.

1873 Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard
Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the
physical characters of the region. First Annual Report of
the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, pp.
295-778, pis. 1-38; author's edition, 1874, with altered title
page, pp. i-vi, 1-478. Coe 36.

1873 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith and Oscar Harger. Catalogue
of the marine invertebrate animals of the southern coast
of New England, and adjacent waters. In the preceding:
pp. 537-746; author's edition, pp. 243-453.

1873-1874 Results of recent dredging expeditions on the
coast of New England. American Journal of Science and
Arts (3) 5: 1-16 (January). (1873) Separate copies distrib-
uted December 13, 1872; 98-106 (February); 6: 435-441
(December). Coe 34. 1873, 7: 38-46 (January); 131-138
(February); 1874, 405-414, pis. 4-5 (April); 498-505, pis. 6-8
(May). Coe 38.

1873 Remarks on certain errors in Mr. Jeffreys' article on The
Mollusca of Europe compared with those of Eastern North
America. American Journal of Science and Arts (3) 5: 465-
472 (June). Reprinted: Annals and Magazine of Natural
History 11: 206-213. Coe 249.

86 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1873 Discovery of an Octopus inhabiting the coast of New
England. American Naturahst 7: 394-397 (July). Coe 250.

1874 Occurrence of gigantic cuttle-fishes on the coast of
Newfoundland. American Journal of Science and Arts (3)
7: 158- 161 (February). Coe 252.

1874 The giant cuttle-fishes of Newfoundland and the com-
mon squids of the New England coast. American Natural-
ist 8: 167-174 (March). Coe 253.

1874 Explorations of Casco Bay, Maine, by the United States
Fish Commission, in 1873. Proceedings of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, Portland
Meeting, August 1873, 22B, 340-395, pis. 1-6 (June). Coe
40.

1874 Notice of some dredgings made near Salem [Massachu-
setts] by Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr. and C. Cooke in 1873. Sixth
Annual Report of the Peabody Academy of Science,
Salem, pp. 58-60 (July). Coe 39.

1875 The colossal Cephalopods of the North Atlantic. Ameri-
can Naturahst 9: 21-86, text figs. 1-28 (February). Coe 254.

1875 The gigantic Cephalopods of the North Atlantic. Amer-
ican Journal of Science and Arts (3) 9: 123-130, pis. 2-4
(February); pp. 177-185, pi. 5 (March). Coe 255.

1875 Results of dredging expeditions off the New England
coast in 1874. American Journal of Science and Arts (3) 9:
411-415, pi. 7 (June); 10: 36-43, pis. 3, 4 (July); 196-202
(September). Coe 41.

1875 Notice of the occurrence of another gigantic Cepha-
lopod (Architeuthis) on the coast of Newfoundland, in
December, 1874. American Journal of Science and Arts (3)
10: 213-214 (September). Reprinted: Annals and Maga-
zine of Natural History 16: 266. Coe 256.

1875 On the Post-Pliocene fossils of Sankoty Head, Nan-
tucket Island; with a note on the geology; by S. H. Scudder.
American Journal of Science and Arts (3) 10: 364-375
(November). Coe 42.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 87

1876 Note on gigantic Cephalopods, — a correction. Ameri-
can Journal of Science and Arts (3) 12: 236-237 (Sep-
tember). Coe 257.

1877 Occurrence of another gigantic Cephalopod on the
coast of Newfoundland. American Journal of Science and
Arts (3) 14: 425-426 (November). Coe 258.

1878 Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the
eastern coast of North America. American Journal of
Science and Arts (3) 16: 207-215 (September); 371-378
(November). Coe 44.

1878 Occurrence of fossiliferous Tertiary rocks on the Grand
Bank and Georges Bank. American Journal of Science
and Arts (3) 16: 323-324 (October). [Mollusks mentioned].
Coe 45.

1879 Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the
eastern coast of North America. American Journal of
Science and Arts (3) 17: 239-243 (March); 309-315 (April);
18: 468-470 (December). Coe 47.

1879 Preliminary check-list of the marine Invertebrata of
the Atlantic Coast, from Cape Cod to Gulf of St. Lawrence,
pp. 1-32 (June) Special edition only; first supplement pp.
1-2, 1881; second supplement, pp. 1-2, 1882. Coe 48.

1879 Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata, of
the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of
new genera and species and critical remarks on others.
Part 1 -Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Polyzoa, Tuni-
cata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Pro-
ceedings of the United States National Museum 2: 165-205
[Mollusca, pp. 197-198] (November). Coe 52.

1879-1880 The Cephalopods of the northeastern coast of
America. Part 1— The gigantic squids (Architeuthis) and
their allies, with observations on similar large species
from foreign localities. Transactions of the Connecticut
Academy of Arts and Sciences 5: 177-257, pis. 13-25, 16a
(1879, December- 1880, February). Coe 260.

88 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1880 List of marine Invertebrata from the New England
coast, distributed by the United States Commission of
Fish and Fisheries. Proceedings of the United States
National Museum 2: 227-232 (January). Coe 51.

1880 Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the
eastern coast of North America. American Journal of
Science (3) 19: 137-140 (February). Coe 49.

1880 Synopsis of the Cephalopoda of the northeastern coast
of America. American Journal of Science (3) 19: 284-295,
pis. 12-16 (April). Coe 261.

1880-1881 The Cephalopods of the northeastern coast of
America. Part 2 — The smaller Cephalopods, including the
"squids" and the Octopi, with other allied forms. Transac-
tions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 5:
259-466, pis. 26-56 (1880, June-1881, December). Coe 266.

1880 Occurrence at Newport, Rhode Island of two littoral
species of European shells not before recorded as Ameri-
can. American Journal of Science (3) 20: 250 (September).
Coe 263.

1880 Rapid diffusion of Littorina littorea on the New Eng-
land coast. American Journal of Science (3) 20: 251 (Sep-
tember). Coe 264.

1880 Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the
outer banks off the southern coast of New England, [no. 1].
American Journal of Science (3) 20: 390-403 (November).
Coe 54.

1880 Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata, of
the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of
new genera and species and critical remarks on others.
Part 2 — Mollusca, with notes on Annelida, Echinoder-
mata, etc., collected by the United States Fish Commis-
sion. Part 3 — Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the
fauna of southern New England. Proceedings of the Uni-
ted States National Museum 3: 356-409 (December). Coe
53 and 262.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 89

1881 Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervi-
sion of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United
States, during the summer of 1880, by the United States
coast survey steamer "Blake," . . . Report on the Cepha-
lopods, and some additional species dredged by the United
States Fish Commission steamer "Fish Hawk" during the
season 1880. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zool-
ogy 8: 99-116, pis. 1-8 (March). Coe 265.

1881 Giant Squid (Architeuthis) abundant in 1875, at the
Grand Banks. American Journal of Science (3) 21: 251-252
(March). Coe 267.

1881 Regeneration of lost parts in the squid, Loligo peali.
American Journal of Science (3) 21: 333-334 (April). Coe
268.

1881 Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the
outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 2.
American Journal of Science (3) 22: 292-303 (October).
Coe 58.

1881 Recent papers on the marine Invertebrata of the Atlan-
tic coast of North America. American Journal of Science
(3) 22: 411-414 (November). Coe 55.

1882 Occurrence of an additional specimen of Architeuthis at
Newfoundland. American Journal of Science (3) 23: 71-72
(January). Coe 271.

1882 [Review] Descriptions of some new and rare Cephalop-
oda, Pt. 2, by Richard Owen. (Additional notes on giant
Cephalopods). American Journal of Science (3) 23: 72-75
(January). Coe 270.

1882 Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the
outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 3.
American Journal of Science (3) 23: 135-142 (February).
[Echinoderms and additional dredging stations occupied
by the "Fish Hawk," in 1881]. Coe 59.

1882 Catalogue of marine Mollusca added to the fauna of the
New England region, during the past ten years. Transac-
tions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 5:

90 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

447-588 (Index, pp. 589-599), pis. 42-44, 57-58 (May-July).
Coe 272.

1882 Notice of recent additions to the marine Invertebrata of
the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of
new genera and species and critical remarks on others.
Part 4 — Additions to the deep-water Mollusca, taken off
Martha's Vineyard, in 1880 and 1881. Proceedings of the
United States National Museum 5: 315-343 (September).
Coe 269.

1882 Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the
outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 7,
and of some additions to the fauna of Vineyard Sound.
Amerca.i Journal of Science (3) 24: 360-371 (November),
no. 8, pp. 447-451 (December). [Additional stations occu-
pied in 1882]. Coe 63.

1882 [Review] Description of new Cephalopoda; by T. W.
Kirk. Notes on two gigantic Cephalopods from New Zea-
land. American Journal of Science (3) 24: 477 (December).
Coe 273.

1882 The Cephalopods of the northeastern coast of America.
Part 1 — The gigantic squids (Architeuthis) and their
allies, with observations on similar large species from
foreign localities. [A revision of paper with the same title,
1879-80]. Part 2— Monographic revision of the Cephalop-
ods of the Atlantic coast from Cape Hatteras to Newfound-
land. Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of
Fish and Fisheries for 1879, pp. 211-455, pis. 1-46; also
repaged: 1-244. Not in Coe.

1883 [Review] Structural and systematic conchology; by
George W. Tryon, Jr. American Journal of Science (3) 25:
397 (May). Not in Coe.

1883 Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervi-
sion of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in
the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), by the United States coast
survey steamer "Blake," . . . Supplementary Report on the
"Blake" Cephalopods. Bulletin of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology 11: 105-115, pis. 1-3 (October). Coe 274.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 91

1883 Descriptions of two species of Octopus from California.
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 11:
117-124, pis. 4-6 (October). Coe 275.

1884 Second catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the
fauna of the New England coast and the adjacent parts of
the Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species, v/ith
notes on others previously recorded. Transactions of the
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 139-294, pis.
28-32 (Index, pp. 507-517) (April-July). Coe 276.

1884 List of deep-water and surface Mollusca taken off the
east coast of the United States by the United States Fish
Commission steamers, "Fish Hawk" and "Albatross,"
1880-1883. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of
Arts and Sciences 6: 263-289 (July). Coe 277, part of
preceding item, Coe 276.

1884 Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the
outer banks off the southern coast of New England, and
some additions to the fauna of Vineyard Sound. Annual
Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and
Fisheries for 1882, 10: 641-669; also repaged: 1-29 [Mol-
lusca, pp. 644-649; 4-9]. Coe 71.

1884 Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the
outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 9.
American Journal of Science (3) 28: 213-220 (September)
[Partial list of stations occupied by the "Albatross" in
1883]. Coe 73. no. 10, pp. 378-384 (November). [Work of the
steamer "Albatross" in 1884]. Coe 74.

1885 Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the
outer banks off the southern coast of New England, no. 11.
American Journal of Science (3) 29: 149-157 (February).
[Work of the steamer "Albatross" in 1884, continued; list
of stations occupied in 1884]. Coe 75.

1885 Results of the explorations made by the steamer "Alba-
tross" off the northern coast of the United States, in 1883.
Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish
and Fisheries for 1883, pp. 503- 699, pis. 1-44; also rep-
aged: 1-197. Coe 76.

92 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1885 Third catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the fauna
of the New England coast and the adjacent parts of the
Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species, with notes
on others previously recorded. Transactions of the Con-
necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 395-452, pis.
42-44 (Index, pp. 507-517) (April-June). Coe 278.

1885 How long will oysters live out of water? Bulletin of the
United States Fish Commission 5: 161. Coe 279.

1896 The Opisthoteuthidae. A remarkable new family of
deep sea Cephalopoda, with remarks on some points in
molluscan morphology. American Journal of Science (4)
2: 74-80, text figs. 1-8 (July). Coe 280.

1896 The Molluscan archetype considered as a veliger-like
form, with discussions of certain points in molluscan
morphology. American Journal of Science (4) 2: 91-98,
text figs. 1-15 (August). Coe 281.

1897 and K. J. Bush. Revision of the genera of Ledidae and
Nuculidae of the Atlantic coast of the United States.
American Journal of Science (4) 3: 51-63, text. figs. 1-22
(January). Coe 284.

1897 A gigantic Cephalopod on the Florida Coast. American
Journal of Science (4) 3: 79 (January); Additional informa-
tion concerning the giant Cephalopod of Florida, Ibid.
162-163 (February); The supposed great Octopus of Flor-
ida; certainly not a Cephalopod, Ibid. 335-356 (April). All
Coe 283.

1897 Nocturnal and diurnal changes in the colors of certain
fishes and of the squid (Loligo), with notes on their sleep-
ing habits. American Journal of Science (4) 3: 135-136
(February). Coe 80.

1897 The Florida monster. Science, n.s. 5: 392; The Florida
sea-monster. Ibid. 476 (both March). Not in Coe.

1897 The Florida sea-monster. The American Naturalist 31:
304-307, pis. 7-8 (April). Coe 81.

1897 A study of the family Pectinidae, with a revision of the
genera and subgenera. Transactions of the Connecticut

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 93

Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 41-96, pis. 16-21 (June-
July). Coe 282.

1898 and K. J. Bush. Revision of the deep-water Mollusca of
the Atlantic coast of North America, with descriptions of
new genera and species. Part 1— Bivalvia. Proceedings of
the United States National Museum 20: 775-901, pis.
71-97 (June). Coe 285.

1900 and K. J. Bush. Additions to the marine Mollusca of the
Bermudas. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of
Arts and Sciences 10: 513-544, pis. 63-65 (September). Coe
286.

1900 The Nudibranchs and naked Tectibranchs of the Ber-
mudas. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts
and Sciences 10: 545-550, pi. 66 (September). Coe 287.

1901 Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale
expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transac-
tions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 11:
15-62, pis. 1-9 (December). [Mollusca, pp. 23-35, pis. 2-5].
Coe 85.

1902 The Bermuda Islands: Their scenery, climate, produc-
tions, physiography, natural history and geology, with
sketches of their early history and changes due to man.
Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and
Sciences 11: 413-911, pis. 65-104, 245 text figs.; author's
edition, 1903, pp. i-x, 1-548 [Introduction of land snails
and slugs], pp. 727-735 [315-323], text figs. 67a-79e (Sep-
tember). Coe 89.

1905-1906 The Bermuda Islands: Part 4. Geology and pal-
eontology. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of
Arts and Sciences 12: 45-204, 345, pis. 16-27, 60 text figs.;
author's edition, 1907, 1-160, 301 [Mollusca, pp. 158-172
1 14-128], pis. 25-27, text figs. 45-55b; pp. 179-187 [135-143]
text figs. 59-63, 1906 (February); pp. 189-198 [145-154] text
figs. 60, 66-70, 1906 (March). Coe 94.

94 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS
BY KATHERINE JEANNETTE BUSH (1885-1937)

This bibliography is extracted from the complete one by
Remington (1977: See under Relevant Literature, p. 13) with
minor additions.

1883 Catalogue of Mollusca and Echinodermata dredged on
the coast of Labrador by the expedition under the direction
of Mr. W. A. Stearns, in 1882. Proceedings of the United
States National Museum 6: 236-247, pi. 9; also in Stearns,
W. A. [no date or printer]. Notes on the natural history of
Labrador, pp. 60-74, figs. 1-12.

1885 Additions to the shallow-water Mollusca of Cape Hat-
teras, N[orth] C[arolina] by the United States Fish Com-
mission steamer "Albatross" in 1883 and 1884. Trans-
actions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences
6: 453-480, pi. 45 (June).

1885 List of the shallow-water Mollusca dredged off Cape
Hatteras by the "Albatross" in 1883. Annual Report of the
United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for
1883, part 2, pp. 579-590; also repaged: 77-88.

1885 List of deep-water Mollusca dredged by the United
States Fish Commission steamer "Fish Hawk" in 1880,
1881, 1882, with their range in depth. Annual Report of the
United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for
1883, part 2, pp. 701-727; also repaged: 1-27.

1893 Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervi-
sion of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78),
and the Caribbean Sea (1879-80), and along the Atlantic
coast of the United States (1880) by the United States
coast survey steamer "Blake" .... Report on the Mollusca
dredged by the "Blake" in 1880, including descriptions of
several new species. Bulletin of the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology 23: 197-244, pis. 1-2 (January).

1897 Verrill, A. E. and K. J. Bush. Revision of the genera of
Ledidae and Nuculidae of the Atlantic coast of the United
States. American Journal of Science (4) 3: 51-63, text figs.
1-22 (January).

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 95

1897 Revision of the marine gastropods referred to Cyclos-
trema, Adeorbis, Vitrinella, and related genera; with des-
criptions of some new genera and species belonging to the
Atlantic fauna of America. Transactions of the Connecti-
cut Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 97-144, pis. 22, 23
(June and July).

1898 Verrill, A. E. and K. J. Bush. Revision of the deep-water
Mollusca of the Atlantic coast of North America, with
descriptions of new genera and species. Part 1 — Bivalvia.
Proceedings of the United States National Museum 20:
775-901, pis. 71-97 (June).

1899 Descriptions of new species of Turhonilla of the western
Atlantic fauna, with notes on those previously known.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia 52: 145-177, pi. 8 (April).

1899 [Reviews] (1) Synopsis of the Recent and Tertiary Lep-
tonacea of North America and the West Indies, by William
H. Dall. (2) The Mollusca of Funafuti, Part 1, Gastropoda,
by Charles Hedley. Science n.s. 10: 249-251 (August).

1900 Verrill, A. E. and K. J. Bush. Additions to the marine
Mollusca of the Bermudas. Transactions of the Connecti-
cut Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 513-544, pis. 63-65
(September).

1909 Notes on the family Pyramidellidae. American Journal
of Science (4) 27: 475-484 (June).

1909 A new Bela from Frenchman's Bay, Maine. The Nauti-
lus 23: 61-62, fig. 1 (October).

1910 On the variation of Aplustrum amplustre Linn6. The
Nautilus 24: 1-2 (May).

PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS AND LISTS OF DREDGING
STATIONS BY SANDERSON SMITH (1832-1915)

1859 Depth of Molluscs of Peconic and Gardiner's Bays,
Long Island, New York. American Journal of Science and
Arts (2) 27: 281-283 (March).

96 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1860 On the Mollusca of Peconic and Gardiner's Bays, Long
Island, New York. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural His-
tory of New York 7: 147-168, folding table (April).

1865 Notice of a Post-Pliocene deposit of Gardiner's Island,
Suffolk County, New York. Annals of the Lyceum of Natu-
ral History of New York 8: 149-151 (May).

1865 Hubbard, J. W. and S. Smith. Catalogue of the Mollusca
of Staten Island, New York. Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History of New York 8: 151-154 (May).

1865 Catalogue of the Mollusca of Little Gull Island, Suffolk
County, New York. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural His-
tory of New York 8: 184-195 (November).

1870 and Temple Prime. Report on the Mollusca of Long
Island, New York, and its dependencies. Annals of the
Lyceum of Natural History of New York 9: 377-407 (377-
392, June; 393-407, July).

1882 and R. Rathbun. Lists of the dredging stations of the
United States Fish Commission from 1871 to 1879 inclu-
sive, with temperature and other observations. Annual
Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and
Fisheries for 1879, pp. 559-601.

1888 [1889]. Lists of dredging stations in North American
waters from 1867 to 1887. Annual Report of the Commissi-
soner of Fish and Fisheries for 1886, app. E, pp. 871-1017, 9
folding charts; also repaged: 1-145.

1892 Notes on the shells of the John J. Crooke collection.
Proceedings of the Natural Science Association of Staten
Island [New York] 3: 13-14.

BOOKS AND PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS
BY ALPHEUS HYATT VERRILL (1871-1954)

1936 Strange sea shells and their stories. L. C. Page and
Company, Boston, pp. xvi, 211, col. frontispiece, pis. 1-5,
8vo.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 97

1947 Strombus samba Clench in Florida. The Nautilus 60:
102 (January).

1947 Additional Strombus samba Clench from Florida. The
Nautilus 61: 32 (July).

1947 Additions to the Mollusca of Lake Worth, Florida. The
Nautilus 61: 47-48 (October).

1947 Ensis directus in Lake Worth, Florida. The Nautilus 61:
72 (October).

1947 Unrecorded habit of Cymatium cynocephalum. The
Nautilus 61: 72 (October).

1948 Some new West Indian shells. A new Astraea from
Barbados. Cypraea carneola in the West Indies. Cypraea
carneola barbadensis. Mollusca, Paul H. Reed, Tavares,
Florida 2 (3): 70, pi. (June) [August].

1948 The status of Strombus samba Clench. The Nautilus
62: 1-3 (July).

1949 Murex argo Clench and Farfante. The Nautilus 63: 36
(July).

1949 Our collecting trip to the Caribbees including a list of
shells collected. Mollusca, Paul H. Reed, Tavares, Florida
2 (5): 1-14, pis. 1-2 (August).

1949 Some additional notes. Mollusca, Paul H. Reed, Tav-
ares, Florida 2 (6): 8 (August).

1950 Shell collector's handbook. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New
York. pp. XV, 228, pis. 1-16, text figs. 8vo.

1950 New subspecies from the West Indies. Minutes of the
Conchological Club of Southern California, no. 101: 5-7; 7
text figs. (June).

1950 Voluta musica, its forms, distribution and operculum.
Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California,
no. 102: 3-7, text figs. (July).

1950 A new Murex from the West Indies. Minutes of the
Conchological Club of Southern California, no. 103: 4-5,
text figs. (August).

98 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1950 Two new West Indian shells. Minutes of the Concholog-
ical Club of Southern California, no. 104: 3, 2 text figs.
(September).

1952 A new Cymatium from the West Indies. Minutes of the
Conchological Club of Southern California, no. 119: 2, 2
text figs. (April).

1953 A new Murex from West Indies. Minutes of the Concho-
logical Club of Southern California, no. 128: 2, 1 text fig.
(June).

1953 New Volutes from the West Indies. Minutes of the Con-
chological Club of Southern California, no. 132: 9, 1 text
fig. (October).

1953 A new West Indian Murex. Minutes of the Conchologi-
cal Club of Southern California, no. 132: 10, text fig.
(October).

1953 Two new subspecies of Valuta musica from Tobago.
Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California,
no. 134: 4-5, 2 text figs. (December).

1954 Pleurotomaria (Pterotrochus) adansoniana. Minutes of
the Conchological Club of Southern California, no. 137:
34, text figs. (March- April).

1954 [Communication from Mr. A. Hyatt Verrill] Minutes of
the Conchological Club of Southern California, no. 140: 4
(July).

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

99

INDEX

The index is for users of this catalogue who may want to
see the species originally described, by the several authors,
under the genus. Since the species are listed alphabetically in
the catalogue, no page numbers are given.

Abra

americana V & B
Abralia

megalops V
Acanthodoris

citrina V

ornata V
Acirsa

gracilis V
Aclis

polita V

striata V

tenuis V
Actaeon

hebes V

nitidus V
Admete

nodosa V & S
Aeolis

veriformis S
Alloposus

mollis V
Ancistrocheirus

megaptera V
Angulus

modestus V

tenellus V
Anemia

glabra V
Aplysia

megaptera V
Area

crenulata V

profundicola V & S
Architeuthis

megaptera V

princeps V
Astarte

lens V
Astraea

dominicana A H V

ruthi A H V
Astyris

diapbana V

pura V
Atlanta

pulchella V

Avicula

nitida V
Axinodon

ellipticus V & B
Axinopsis

cordata V & B

inequalis V & B
Bathyarca

abyssorum V & B

anomala V & B
Bela

acuta V

blakei V

blanejd B

canadensis V & B

concinnula V

gouldii V

hebes V

incisula V

pusilla V

pygmaea V

rathbuni V

sarsii V

subturgida V

subvitrea V
Benthodolium

abyssorum V & S
Benthoteuthis

megalopsis V
Brachioteuthis

beanii V
Buccinum

abyssorum V & S

gouldii V

sandersoni V
Bulla

bermudae V & B
Cadulus

carolinensis B

grandis V

incisus B

pandionis V & S

spectabilis V
Caecum

cooperi S

costatum V

crispum V & B

100

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

debile V & B

delicatulum V & B

obesum V & B

tenue V & B

tornatum V & B
Calliostoma

bairdii V & S
Calliteuthis

reversa V
Cardiomya

abyssicola V & B

gemma V & B

glypta B
Cerithiella

whiteavesii V
Cerithiopsis

bermudensis V & B
Cetoconcha

atypha V & B
Cheloteuthis

rapax V
Chione

tumens V
Chiroteuthis

lacertosa V
Chlamys

benedicti V

costellata V & B

insculpta V
Choristella

brychia V

leptalea B
Choristes

tenera V
Choristodon

cancellatus V
Chromodoris

roseopicta V
Cingula

apicina V

brychia V

leptalea V

sandersoni V

syngenes V
Circulus

dalli B
Cirrhoteuthis

megaptera V

plena V
Cithna

cingulata V

olivacea V
Clidiophora

inornata V & B
Cocculina

conica V

dalli V

leptalea V

reticulata V
Coryphella

nobilis V

pallida V

rutila V

stimpsoni V
Cratena

veronicae V
Crenella

fragilis V
Cryptodon

altus V & B

brevis V & B

equalis V & B

grandis V & S

inequalis V & B

insignis V & B

obesus V

obsoletus V & B

ovatus V & B

planus V & B

plicatus V

pygmaeus V & B

simplex V & B
Cuspidaria

formosa V & B

fraterna V & B

media V & B

parva V & B

turgida V & B

ventricosa V & B
Cuthona

stimpsoni V
Cyclopecten

nanus V & B

simplex V

subimbrifer V «& B
Cyclostrema

affine V

cingulatum V

dalli V

diaphanum V

ornatum V
Cyclostremella

humilis B
Cylichna

caelata B

dalli V

eburnea V
Cymatium

mohorteri A H V

rehderi A H V
Cymbulia

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

101

calceola V
Cypraea

barbadensis A H V
Cypraeacassis

neglecta A H V
Delphinula

nitida V & S
Dendronotus

elegans V

robustus V
Dentalium

laqueatum V

leptum B

solidum V

sulcatum V
Desmoteuthis

tenera V
Diaphana

gemma V

lottae B
Diplodonta

turgida V & S
Dolabrifera

virens V
Dolium

bairdii V & S
Doridella

obscura V
Doris

bifida V

bistellata V

complanta V

olivacea V
Doto

formosa V
Eledone

verrucosa V
Eledonella

pygmaea V
Elysia

flavaV

papillosa V

picta V

subornata V
Enaeta

pedersenii V
Engina

leucozonia A H V
Ethalia

multistriata V
Eulimella

chariessa V

lissa V

lucida V

nitida V

smithii V

Eumila

amblytera V & B

atypha V & B

composa V & B

engonia V & B

hypsela V & B

perversa B

sarsi B
Facelina

goslingii V
Fissurella

tanneri V
Fossarus

elegans V & S
Gastranella

tumida V
Granigyra

spinulosa B
Gundlachia

stimpsoniana S
Gymnobela

brevis V

curta V

engonia V

subangulata V
Halonympha

striatella V & B
Hemitoma

rubida A H V
Heterodoris

robusta V & E
Heteroteuthis

tenera V
Histioteuthis

collinsii V
Hyalopecten

dilectus V & B
Idalia

modesta V
Idas

lamellosus V
Inioteuthis

japonica V

morsei V
Issa

ramosa V & E
Jumala

brychia V & S
Kelliella

nitida V
Kennerlia

brevis V & B
Koonsia

obesa V
Lamellaria

gouldii V

102

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

pellucida V
Lamellidoris

aureopuncata V

lactea V

miniata V

quadrimaculata V
Lasaea

bermudensis B
Leda

bushiana V
Ledella

messanensis V & B

parva V & B

sublevis V & B
Lepetella

tubicola V & S
Leptaxinus

minutus V & B
Leptogyra

eritmeta B

inconspicua B

verrilli B
Leptoteuthis

diaphana V
Limatula

hyalina V & B

nodulosa V & B

regularis V & B
Limopsis

affinis V

plana V

profundicola V & B

sulcata V & B
Lissospira

abyssicola B

convexa B

rarinota B

striata B
Loligo

borealis V

pallida V
Loripes

edentuloides V
Cylichna

caelata B

dalli V

eburnea V
Cymatium

mohorteri A H V

rehderi A H V
Cymbulia

calceola V
Cypraea

barbadensis A H V
Cypraeacassis

neglecta A H V

Delphinula

nitida V & S
Dendronotus

elegans V

robustus V
Dentalium

lens V & S
Lovenella

whiteavesii V
Lucina

blakeana B

nux V & B
Lunatia

levicula V
Lyonsia

granulifera V & B
Lyonsiella

cordata V & B

gemma V
Machaeroplax

carinata V

planula V
Malletia

abyssorum V & B

polita V & B
Mangilia

ceroplasta B

ephamilla B

eritima B

glypta B

leuca B

oxia B

oxytata B

psila B
Margarita

diomedeae V

lamellosa V & S

regalis V & S
Marginella

borealis V

carnea V

virginiana V
Marsenina

ampla V
Martesia

fragilis V & B
Mastigoteuthis

agassizii V
Menestho

bruneri V
Mitra

brandii A H V
Modiola

polita V & S
Molleriopsis

abyssicola B

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

103

Montacuta

casta V & B

cuneata V & B

fragilis V & B

striatula V & B

tenuis V & B

triquetra V & B
Montagua

gouldii V
Murex

briskasi A H V

consuela A H V

helenae A H V

maculatus A H V

pygmaeus B

strausi A H V
Myonera

pretiosa V & B
Mytilimeria

flexuosa V & S
Nassa

nigrolabra V
Neaera

costata V

gigantea V

multicostata V & S

undata V
Nectoteuthis

pourtalesii V
Neilonella

subovata V & B
Neptunea

arata V

caelata V & S
Niso

aeglees B
Nucula

granulosa V

ovata V & B

subovata V & B

trigona V
Octopus

bairdii V

bimaculatus V

carolinensis V

gracilis V

lentus V

obesus V

pictus V

piscatorum V
Odostomia

bruneri V

didyma V & B

disparilis V

engonia B

gibbosa B

gouldii B

jonesii V & B

lubrica V & B

somersi V & B

sulcata V

teres B

tornata V
Omalaxis

lirata V

nobilis V
Ommastrephes

robustus V
Opisthoteuthis

agassizii V
Pandora

carolinensis B
Papyridea

californica V
Pecchiolia

granulifera V
Pecten

glyptus V

leptaleus V

pustulosus V

undatus V & S
Periploma

abyssorum V

affinis V & B

undulata V
Phacoides

somersensis V
Philine

amabilis V

tin eta V
Pholadomya

arata V & S
Placobranchopsis

niveus V
Placophora

atlantica V & S
Pleurobranchaea

tarda V
Pleurobranchopsis

aurantiaca V
Pleurobranchus

americanus V
Pleuropus

hageri V
Pleurotoma

agassizii V & S

amblytera B

carpenteri V & S

dalli V & S

pandionis V
Pleurotomella

atypha B

104

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

bairdii V & S

benediciti V & S

bruneri V & S

catharinae V & S

dalli B

diomedeae V & S

emertoni V & S

frielei V

jeffreysii V

leptalea B

lottae V

packardii V

saffordi V & S

sandersoni V

sulcifera B

tin eta V

vitrea V
Poecilozonites

antiquus V

conoides V

zonatus V
Polycerella

emertoni V
Poromya

sublevis V
Propilidium

elegans V
Pseudorotella

minuscula B
Puncturella

abyssicola V

eritmeta V
Ringicula

nitida V
Rissoa

harpa V

miniscula V & B
Rossia

brachyura V

hyatti V

megaptera V

sublaevis V
Rotella

cryptospira V
Runcina

inconspicua V
Scala

electa V & B
Scalaria

andrewsii V

dalliana V & S

leeana V

leptalea B

pourtalesii V & S

teres B
Scaphander

nobilis V
Scyllaea

edwardsvii V
Sequenzia

eritima V

nitida V
Semele

junonia V
Sepiola

leucoptera V
Sipho

brevis V

caelatulus V

dispar V

glyptus V

hebes V

hispidulus V

leptaleus V

obesus V

parvus V & S

planulus V

profundicola V & S

pubescens V

simplex V
Siphonaria

henica V & B
Skena

trilix B
Solarium

boreale V & S
Solemya

grandis V & B
Spirotropis

ephamilla V
Stauroteuthis

syrtensis V
Stilifer

curtus V
Strombus

spectabilis A H V
Stylifera

stimpsonii V
Styliola

vitrea V
Succinea

somersensis V
Taranis

pulchella V

tornatus V
Teleoteuthis

agilis V
Tethys

morio V

tarda V
Thracia

nitida V

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

105

Tindaria

callistiformis V & B

lata V & B
Tivela

elegans V
Torellia

fimbriata V & S

tiarella V
Tornatina

decurrens V & B
Trophon

abyssorum V

limicola V

lintoni V & S

verrillii B
Turbonilla

abrupta B

abyssicola V & B

areolata V

asperula B

atypha B

bushiana V

composa B

conradi B

constricta B

costulata V

dalli B

elegans V

emertoni V

formosa V & S

grandis V

heilprini B

hemphilli B

incisa B

inclinata B

ischna B

leuca B

obesa B

penistoni B

perlepida V

pilsbryi B

pseudointerrupta B

pyrrha B

rathbuni V & S

rushii B

smithii V

stimpsoni B

stricta V

swiftii B

unilirata B

valida V & B
Turtonia

nitida V
Typhlomangelia

tanneri V & S
Urosalpinx

carolinensis V

macra V
Venericardia

obliqua B
Venus

antiqua V

isocardia V
Verticordia

caelata V
Vitrinella

tyroni B
Voluta

alba A H V

alfordi A H V

ornata A H V

sanguinea A H V

tobagoensis A H V
Volvula

minuta B

oxytata B
Xenophora

robusta V
Yoldia

callista B

casta V & B

regularis V
Yoldiella

ambilia V & B

curta V & B

dissimilis V & B

fraterna V & B

inconspicua V & B

inflata V & B

iris V & B

minuscula V & B

pachia V & B

stricta V & B

subangulata V & B

106 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 1

Addison Emery Verrill

1839-1926

(From Verrill, 1958)

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i<^^

108 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 2

Katharine Jeannette Bush
1855-1937

Katharine J. Bush (back row, left) in a photograph taken in the 1880s at the
Woods Hole Laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries. Her sister, Charlotte
Bush, who married Wesley R. Coe, Yale Professor and Peabody Curator, is
seated next to her. In the front row are M. J. Rathbun (left), known for her
work on Crustacea at the United States National Museum, and Eloise
Edwards (right) about whom there is no other information. This only known
likeness of K. J. Bush appeared in Discovery (1978: 13{2), p. 43) and was
kindly supplied for publication here by Dr. Deborah Jean Warner, Curator,
History of Physical Sciences, National Museum of American History, who
originally found it in the Baird-Fish Commission Papers in the Smithson-
ian Archives.

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1 10 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 3

Fig. 1. Papyridea bullata californica Verrill. La Paz [Baja California]. Lec-
totype YPM 4072. Length 38, height 30, width 12 mm.

Fig. 2. Loripes edentuloides Verrill. La Paz [Baja California]. Holotype YPM
8884 [single valve]. Length 42, height 39, width 26 [estimated] mm.

Fig. 3. Chione tumens Verrill. La Paz [Baja California]. Lectotype YPM
3021b. Length 39, height 37, width 28 mm.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 1 1 1

112 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 4

Fig. 1. Venus isocardia Verrill. La Paz [Baja California]. Lectotype YPM
4941. Length 60, height 77, width 64 mm.

Fig. 2. Enaeta pederseniiVerriW. La Paz [Baja California]. Lectotype YPM
8842. Length 33, width 18 mm.

Fig. 3. Tivela elegans Verrill. Acajutla [Salvador]. Lectotype YPM 1843
[single valve]. Length 25, height 19, width 14 [estimated] mm.

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114 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 5

Fig. 1. Semele junonia Verrill. Near La Paz [Baja California]. Lectotype
YPM 4080. Length 65, height 56, width 28 mm.

Fig. 2. Lasaea bermudensis Bush. Bermuda. Lectotype YPM 8885. Length 3,
height 2.9, width 2 mm.

Fig. 3. Loripes lens Verrill and Smith. 1880, Fish Hawk sta. 874, 40°N,
70°57'W [off Newport, Rhode Island], 85 fms. Lectotype USNM 64270.
Length 14, height 12.5, width 5.5 mm.

Fig. 4. Venericardia obliqua Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2289, 35°22'50"N,
75°22'W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 7 fms. Lectotype YPM 10781
[single valve]. Length 5.6, width 2.6 [estimated] mm.

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1 16 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 6

Fig. 1. YoldiellapachiaVerriW and Bush. 1885, Albatross sta. 2385, 28°51'N,
88°18'W, 730 fms. Lectotype USNM 203001 [single valve]. Length 4.6,
height 4.8 [after Verrill and Bush]. Photograph courtesy of Dr. Anders
War6n.

Fig. 2. Area pectunculoides crenulata Verrill. 1880, Fish Hawk sta. 874,
40°N, 70°57'W off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 85 fms. Lectotype
USNM 74134. Length 4.2, height 4, width 2.2 mm.

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1 18 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 7

Fig. 1. Tindaria lata Verrill and Bush. 1885, Albatross sta. 2385, 28°51'N,
88°18'W [Gulf of Mexico], 730 fms. Holotype USNM 203000. Length 7,
height 5.5, width 4 mm.

Fig. 2. Angulus modestus Verrill. Vineyard Sound [Massachusetts], 10 fms.
Lectotype YPM 8758. Length 9.8, height 5.6 width 3 mm.

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120 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 8

Fig. 1. Modiola polita Verrill and Smith. 1880, Fish Hawk sta. 895,
39°56'30"N, 70°59'45"W off Newport, Rhode Island, 238 fms. Lectotype
USNM 51361. Length 32, height 12, width 9 mm.

Fig. 2. Cetoconcha atypha Verrill and Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2229,
37°38'40"N, 73° 16'30"W, 1423 fms. Lectotype USNM 48703 [single broken
valve]. Length 15 [estimated], height 12, width 4 [of valve] mm.

Fig. 3. Cyclopecten simplex Verrill. 1884, Albatross sta. 2150, 13°34'45"N,
81°21'10"W [West Indies], 382 fms. Lectotype YPM 8763 [single valve].
Length 4.5, height 5, width 6 [of valve] mm.

Fig. 4. Chlamys benedicti Verrill and Bush. 1885, Albatross stas. 2369-2374,
29° 1 1 ' 15"N, 85°29'32"W south of Panama City, Florida, 25-27 fms. Lecto-
type YPM 8833 [single valve]. Length 5.5, height 6.2, width 1 [of valve]
mm.

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122 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 9

Fig. 1. Limatula nodulosa Verrill and Bush. 1885, Albatross sta. 2385,
28°51'N, 88°18'W [Gulf of Mexico], 730 fms. Holotype USNM 110618
[single valve]. Length 7, height 4.5, width 4 [estimated] mm.

Fig. 2. Limatula hyalina Verrill and Bush. 1885, Albatross stas. 2367-2374,
29°N, 85°W, 25-124 fms. Holotype USNM 202850. Length 7.5, height 4.5,
width 3 mm.

Fig. 3. Limatula regularis Verrill and Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2265,
37°7'40"N, 74°35'40"W [Chesapeake Bay], 70 fms. Lectotype USNM
40862 [single valve]. Length 7.7, height 5, width 3 [estimated] mm.

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124 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 10

Fig. 1. Granigyra spinulosa Bush. 1886, Albatross sta. 2655, 27°22'N,
78°07'30"W off Grand Bahama Island [West Indies], 338 fms. Holotype
YPM 15805. Length 2.5, width 2.5 mm.

Fig. 2. Lissospira {Ganesa "?") rarinota Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2150,
13°34'45"N, 81°21'10"W [off Nicaragua], 382 fms. Holotype YPM 15804.
Length 1.9, width 1.9 mm.

Fig. 3. Torellia fimbriata tiarella Verrill. 1881, Fish Hawk sta. 1026,
39°50'30"N, 71°23'W off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 182 fms.
Lectotype USNM 45431. Length 9.5, width 9 mm.

Fig. 4. Leptogyra eritmeta Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2174, 38°15'N, 73°03'W
[off Delaware Bay], 1594 fms. Holotype USNM 77625. Length 1, width 2
mm.

Fig. 5. Ringicula nitida Verrill. 1872, Bache stas. O, S, 42°5'N, 67°49'W;
42°11'N, 67°15'W [off northwest and northeast border of Georges Bank],
110, 150 fms. Holotype YPM 15776. Length 4.2, width 2.7 mm.

Fig. 6. Philine tincta Verrill. 1881, Fish Hawk sta. 921, 40°07'48"N,
70°43'54"W off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 67 fms. Lectotype
USNM 45648. Length 10.7, width 8 mm.

Fig. 7. Lunatia leuicula Verrill. Casco Bay, Maine. Lectotype USNM 75840.
Length 13, width 12 mm.

Fig. 8. Rotella cryptospira Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2109, 35°14'20"N,
74°59'10"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 142 fms. Lectotype
USNM 35731. Length 1.5, width 2.5 mm.

Fig. 9. Urosalpinx macra Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2109, 35°14'20"N,
74°59'10"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 142 fms. Holotype
USNM 35772. Length 13, width 5.5 mm.

Fig. 10. Cocculina dalli Werrill IS82, Fish Hawk sta. 1096,39°53'N,69°47'W,
317 fms. Holotype USNM 38081. "Length of aperture 6, breadth 4.3,
height 3, length of anterior slope 6 mm." Actual measurements: length
5.8, width 4, height 2.4 mm. Photograph courtesy of Dr. James H. McLean.

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126 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 11

Fig. 1. Bela incisula Verrill. 1880, Fish Hawk sta. 899, 37°22'N, 74°29'W off
Chesapeake Bay, 57.5 fms. Holotype USNM 77165. Length 6.5, width 3.5
mm.

Fig. 2. Bela suhturgida Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2115, 35°49'30"N,
74°34'45"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 843 fms. Holotype
USNM 35602. Length 9, width 5 mm.

Fig. 3. Bela subuitrea Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2115, 35°49'30"N,
74°34'45"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 843 fms. Lectotype 37811.
Length 13.5, width 6 mm.

Fig. 4. Bela decussata pusilla Verrill. 1877, Speedwell stas. 56-58, Halifax
Harbor, off Herring Cove, between Mars Rock and Neverf ail Shoal [Nova
Scotia], 18 fms. Lectotype USNM 77203. Length 7.8, width 3.9 mm.

Fig. 5. Bela blakei Verrill. 1884, Albatross sta. 2226, 37°N, 71°54'W, 2021
fms. Holotype USNM 44655. Length 16, width 8 mm.

Fig. 6. Bela cancellata canadensis 'Verrill and Bush' Whiteaves. Murray
Bay, Quebec. Lectotype YPM 16623. Length 15.3, width 6.2 mm.

Fig. 7. Aclis striata Verrill. Bay of Fundy, Eastport, Maine. Lectotype YPM
15757. Length 2.9, width 1.4 mm.

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127

128 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 12

Fig. l.Neptunea (Sipho) arata Verrill, non Gould. Changed to: Sipho stimp-
sonii liratulus Verrill. Off Newport, Rhode Island. Lectotype USNM
158833. Length 80, width 31 mm.

Fig. 2. Sipho pubescens Verrill. 1880, Fish Hawk sta. 893, 39°52'20"N,
70°58'W, 372 fms. Lectotype USNM 37767. Length 67, width 26 mm.

Fig. 3. Sipho obesus Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2115, 35°49'30"N,
74°34'45"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 843 fms. Lectotype
USNM 35600. Length 17, width 10 mm.

Fig. 4. Sipho (Mohnia) simplex Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2115 35°49'30"N,
74°34'45"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 843 fms. Lectotype
USNM 35573. Length 6, width 3.5 mm.

Fig. 5. Sipho prof undicola dispar Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2042, 39°33'N,
68°26'45"W, 1555 fms. Holotype USNM 37955. Length 30, width 17 mm.

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130 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 13

Fig. 1. Sipho hispidulus Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2033, 39°32'30"N,
72°18'35"W [Nantucket Shoals, Massachusetts], 379 fms. Holotype
USNM 34840. Length 7.5, width 4 mm.

Fig. 2. Taranis morchii tornatus Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2077,
41°09'40"N, 6°02'20"W [off Georges Bank], 1255 fms. Holotype USNM
37807. Length 5, width 3 mm.

Fig. 3. Mangilia ceroplasta Bush. [1884], Albatross [sta. 2290, 35°23'N,
75°24'30"W] off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 9.75 fms. Holotype
USNM 44757. Length 5.5, width 3 mm.

Fig. 4. Mangilia eritima Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2280, 35°21'N,
75°21'30"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 16 fms. Holotype USNM
44758. Length 8, width 3 mm.

Fig. 5. Marginella borealis Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2011, 36°38'30"N,
74°40'10"W off Norfolk, Virginia, 81 fms. Lectotype USNM 35375. Length
14, width 7.5 mm.

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132 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 14

Fig. 1. Buccinum sandersoni Verrill. 1881, Fish Hawk sta. 939, 39°53'N,
69°50'30"W off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 264 fms. Lectotype
USNM 202823. Length 24, width 14 mm.

Fig. 2. Buccinum ahyssorum Verrill and Smith. 1883, Albatross sta. 2111,
35°09'50"N, 74°57'40"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 938 fms.
Lectotype USNM 35644. Length 32, width 20.5 mm.

Fig. 3. Spirotropis ephamilla Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2097, 37°56'20"N,
70°57'30"W off Chesapeake Bay, 2221 fms. Holotype USNM 35237.
Length 25, width 10 mm.

Fig. 4. Gymnobela curta subangulata Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2043,
39°49'N, 68°28'30"W, 1467 fms. Lectotype YPM 15696. Length 4.2, width
2.7 mm.

Fig. 5. Gymnobela engonia Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2041, 39°22'50"N,
68°25'W, 1608 fms. Holotype [so labeled] USNM 34835. Length 12.9, width
[not supplied] mm. Photographed at the USNM, courtesy of Dr. Anders
War^n.

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134 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 15

Fig. 1. Ethalia multistriata Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2109, 35°14'20"N,
74°59'10"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 142 fms. Lectotype
USNM 35733. Length 2.5, width 4.5 mm.

Fig. 2. Machaeroplax obscura carinata Verrill. 1881, Fish Hawk sta. 997,
39°42'N, 71°32'W off Martha's Vineyard [Massachusetts], 335 fms. Lecto-
type USNM 44748. Length 4, width 6 mm.

Fig. 3. Odostomia engonia Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2276, 35°20'45"N,
75°19'15"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 16 fms. Holotype USNM
44762. Length 5, width 2 mm.

Fig. 4. Seguenzia formosa nitida Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2038,
38°30'30"N, 69°08'25"W off Nantucket Shoals [Massachusetts], 2033 fms.
Holotype USNM 38078. Length 5, width 4 mm.

Fig. 5. Odostomia tornata Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2109, 35°14'20"N,
74°59'10"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 142 fms. Holotype
USNM 38033. Length 3, width 1.5 mm.

Fig. 6. Odostomia disparilis Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2109 35°14'20"N,
74°59'10"W off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 142 fms. Holotype
USNM 38042. Length 3.2, width 1 mm.

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136 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 16

Fig. 1. Eulima engonia Verrill and Bush. Ship Channel, Bermuda. Lecto-
type YPM 15688. Length 7.5, width 2 mm.

Fig. 2. Eulima hypsela Verrill and Bush. Bermuda. Paratype YPM 15689.
Length 7.6, width 1.8 mm.

Fig. 3. Eulima atypha Verrill and Bush. Bermuda. Lectotype YPM 15886.
Length 2, width .74 mm.

Fig. 4. Turbonilla inclinata Bush. St. Thomas [Virgin Islands]. Holotype
ANSP 72044. Length 3.5, width .45 mm.

Fig. 5. Turbonilla stricta Verrill. Long Island Sound [off Connecticut]. Lec-
totype YPM 12849. Length 4.2, width 1.1 mm.

Fig. 6. Turbonilla pyrrha Bush. St. Thomas [Virgin Islands]. Lectotype
ANSP 72050. Length 5.8, width 1.3 mm.

Fig. 7. Turbonilla dalli Bush. Sarasota Bay, Florida. Lectotype ANSP 72049.
Length 8, width 2.3 mm.

Fig. 8. Turbonilla incisa Bush. West Florida. Lectotype ANSP 62800. Length
6.2, width 1.6 mm.

Fig. 9. Turbonilla incisa constricta Bush. West Florida. Lectotype ANSP
79023. Length 6.6, width 1.5 mm.

Fig. 10. Turbonilla atypha Bush. Maldonado Bay, Uruguay, 3-6 fms. Lecto-
type ANSP 70537. Length 7.4, width 1.8 mm.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

137

138 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 17

Fig. 1. Turbonillaasperula Bush. Bermuda. Lectotype ANSP 78253. Length
2.5, width 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Turbonilla composa Bush, [no locahty given], R. Swift. Since Swift
spent much of his life as a resident of St. Thomas in the Virgin Islands, it
is probably the locality. Holotype ANSP 79015. Length 3.4, width 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Turbonilla areolata Verrill. Long Island Sound, near New Haven
[Connecticut]. Holotype YPM 12848. Length 3.4, width 1.3 mm.

Fig* 4. Turbonilla grandis Verrill. 1884, Albatross sta. 2228, 37°25'N,
73°06'W, 1582 fms. Holotype USNM 44791. Length 18, width 6 mm.

Fig. 5. Turbonilla perlepida Verrill. 1884, Albatross sta. 2265, 37°07'40"N,
74°35'40"W off Chesapeake Bay [Maryland], 70 fms. Holotype USNM
44790. Length 7, width 1.5 mm.

Fig. 6. Machaeroplax obscura planula Verrill. Off Block Island [Rhode
Island] 13-15 fms. Holotype USNM 76067. Length 6, width 7 mm.

Fig. 7. Caecum debile Verrill and Bush. Bermuda. Holotype YPM 15667.
Length 2.3, width 0.6 mm. Photograph courtesy of Dr. Robert G.
Moolenbeek.

I

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140 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 18

Figs. 1-3. Leptogyra inconspicua Bush. 1884, Albatross sta. 2174, 38°15'N,
72°03'W off Delaware Bay, 1594 fms. Holotype USNM 77642. Length 0.8,
width 1.3 mm. Delineated by Dr. Ruth D. Turner who noted, "specimen
decalcified and in poor condition."

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142 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 19

Figs. 1-3. Atlanta pulchella Verrill. 1883, Albatross sta. 2100, 39°22'60" N,
68°34'30" W off Delaware Bay, surface. Diameter about 0.25 mm. Two
syntypes USNM 38397, in alcohol. Delineated by Dr. Ruth D. Turner who
noted, "shells decalcified, grapeskin-like, only fragment of keel remain-
ing. Without the soft parts it would probably have been impossible to
define the shells at all; particularly the one in fig. 2 which was soft and
deformed."

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 143

MC2

LJRyH.\ y

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

^EP Oo 1989

Published by
The Department of Mollusks f-|yQ^f:^\/ a on

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University { J~^ 3 i
Cambridge, Massachusetts

VOLUME 5 30 August 1989 NUMBER 68

I J

SEARLES V. WOOD'S
"MONOGRAPH OF THE CRAG MOLLUSCA"

(1848-1882),

WITH NOTES ON THE GENERIC NAME

ASTARTELLA

Richard E. Petit

806 St. Charles Road

North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 29582

and

Kenneth J. Boss

Museum of Comparative Zoology

Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

Abstract. Searles V. Wood's "Monograph of the Crag Mol-
lusca" was issued in parts and the exact publication dates
have not been generally known. As a result, some taxa have
been misdated in the subsequent literature. We give the dates
of publication for the individual parts, note the various titles
used for this work, and establish the status of Astartella
Wood 1853.

INTRODUCTION

Wood's "Monograph of the Crag Mollusca" constitutes an
early, important, and comprehensive monograph of the
Neogene mollusks of the northeastern Atlantic. It synthe-
sized much of the then available knowledge and provided

145

146 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

extensive descriptions and figures of numerous taxa, many
of them new. Additionally, this work serves as a valuable
basis for comparison with other fossil and Recent faunas.
Researchers, however, might encounter difficulties in accu-
rately citing and dating the various portions of this work for
which reason we present the following discussion.

Copies of Wood's complete work in the libraries of the first
author and the Museum of Comparative Zoology contain
bound-in printed instructions for binding, which were pro-
duced in 1874 and 1879 and which give the pubhcation dates
of each part. All parts were issued by the Palaeontographical
Society whose publications were, at that time, designated as
"annual volumes". The actual publication dates are seldom
shown on the covers. Wood designated the various parts of
his monograph as "volumes" and these should not be con-
fused with the differently numbered Society "volumes".

The following data on publication dates are taken from the
aforementioned printed "directions to the binder" except in
the case of the final part (1882). The title of Wood's work,
which will be discussed later, is listed here simply as a "A
Monograph of the Crag Mollusca".

Wood, Searles V., 1848-82. A Monograph of the Crag Mol-
lusca. Palaeontographical Society, London.

Volume L Univalves. Pp. v-xii, 1-209, pis. LXXI [March,
1848].

Volume IL Bivalves. Pp. 1-150, pis. LXII [June, 1851]. Pp.
151-216, pis. Xin-XX [December, 1853]. Pp. 217-342, pis.
XXI-XXXI [February, 1857]. [note]. Pp. 1-2 [March, 1861].

Volume in. Supplement, Univalves. With the Geology of the
Crag District. Pp. i-xxxi, 1-99, Map of Crag District, pis.
I-VII (Pp. ii-xxxi and map authored by S. V. Wood, junior
and F. W. Harmer). [June, 1872].

Supplement, Bivalves. Pp. 99-231, pis. VIII-XI and Ad-
dendum Plate. [February, 1874].

Volume IV. Second Supplement. Title page; preface; Pp.
1- 58, pis. I-VI. [May, 1879].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 147

Third Supplement (edited by his son, Searles V. Wood
[junior]). Title Page; Preface; Pp. 1-24, pi. I. [June 1882].

The apparent duplication of page 99 in Volume III is not an
error. Publication of pages 1-99 resulted in the verso of page
99 as being blank. When the next part was published, page 99
was reprinted as the recto of page 100, and the instructions to
binders point out that the original page 99 is to be removed
and destroyed. The instructions also call for removal of the
title page for Volume II issued in the Society volume for 1855
and substitution of a replacement title page provided in the
volume for 1873.

The title varied with different issues. The original title of
Volume I was "A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca, or, de-
scriptions of shells from the Middle and Upper Tertiaries of
the East of England". A revised title page was issued at an
unknown later date with the title rendered as "A Monograph
of the Crag Mollusca, with descriptions of shells from the
Upper Tertiaries of the British Isles".

The original title page for Volume II is "A Monograph of
the Crag Mollusca, with descriptions of shells from the
Upper Tertiaries of the British Isles"; it bears the dating
1850-1856. A second or replacement title page, issued in 1874,
carries the same title but has the dating 1851-1861.

The title of Volume III is "Supplement to the Monograph of
the Crag Mollusca, with descriptions of shells from the
Upper Tertiaries of the East of England". The title of Volume
IV is identical to that of Volume III except for being the
"Second Supplement to ...". The posthumous Third Supple-
ment is entitled "Third Supplement to the Crag Mollusca,
comprising Testacea from the Upper Tertiaries of the East of
England."

The change of title is explained by Wood (1857:302) who
stated: "When the present work was begun, I had proposed to
call it simply 'A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca;' but this
title had to be submitted to the Council of the Palaeontogra-

148 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

phical Society for their approval, when the term 'Crag' was
thought by some of the members of that body to be of too local
or technical significance, and would not be fully understood
by foreign geologists; and the explanatory addition of 'De-
scriptions of Shells from the Middle and Upper Tertiaries of
England' was then suggested, and acceded to by myself. A
more complete examination of these Deposits, during the
progress of the work, has induced me to believe the term
'Middle' to have been incorrectly introduced, there being no
remains of a Formation in Great Britain referable to that
Period . . . ; it is therefore requested to erase the words Middle
and Miocene from the title-pages and other parts of the work
formerly given, as I believe the Formations I have been
attempting to illustrate belong with more propriety to the
Upper Tertiaries." Another note about the title (Wood, 1857:
326) seems to explain the change from the "East of England"
to "the British Isles".

It appears that due to the varied titles used that it would be
advantageous to cite the work simply by Wood's original
title, "A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca", as this is how it
has been referred to orally and in print by succeeding genera-
tions of paleontologists.

Volume II, stated to be on bivalves, also contains an
appendix (pp. 303-328) in which Cephalopoda and Gastrop-
oda are treated. The two page "note", which is part of Volume
II, appeared in the Society Volume for the year 1858 and
bears a printed date of May, 1860 (probably the date written)
and was actually published, fide the "instructions to bind-
ers", in March, 1861. This note concerns Wood's misidentifi-
cation of an Anomia valve as an Aplysia, an error he wished
to correct immediately.

Various references have been consulted to determine if the
correct publication dates have usually been cited for this
work. Only one (Anderson, 1964:365) has been located,
although a few authors seem to have arrived at the correct

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 149

dates for some taxa. Radwin & Coan (1976) referred to Wenz
(1941[sic]:1594) and the "Cat. Lib. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist.
4:1502" for dating. Both of these references give the date of
Volume II as "1850-56" and Volume III as "1872-74", and the
dates for the various parts of these volumes are not given.
Ruhoff (1980:118) cited only "Part 11" {i.e., Volume II) with
the composite date of 1850-1856, this volume being the only
portion of the work within the 1850-1870 time frame dealt
with by her. However, this resulted in misdating of numerous
taxa by Ruhoff, and she also omitted many others. Some of
these omissions are attributable to the fact that Wood earlier
published a series of papers (Wood, 1840-42) listing Crag
species in which he described some new species and also
introduced a number of manuscript names. These manu-
script names were cited in synonymy when the species were
actually described and Ruhoff evidently assumed that the
names had been validly proposed earlier.

The nude names published in 1840-42 present nomen-
clatural problems since many were used and illustrated by
other authors between their first appearance as nomina nude
and their much later validation by Wood. Although the nude
names are listed as such by Sherborn (1922-33), he does not
list many of the later validations.

Note on the generic name Astartella

Three independent usages of the nomen Astartella occur in
the literature. These homonyms are:

Astartella Wood, 1853:170 (introduced as a junior syn-
onym, see text), non Hall and Whitney, 1858 (Mollusca)
nee Filatova, 1957 (Mollusca).

Astartella Hall in Hall and Whitney, 1858:715 (type spe-
cies, by monotypy, Astartella vera Hall in Hall and Whit-
ney, 1858), non Wood, 1853 (Mollusca) nee Filatova, 1858
(Mollusca).

150 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Astartella Filatova, 1957:298 (type species, by mono-
typy, Astarte ioani Filatova, 1957), replaced by Filato-
uaella Merklin, 1959:4671, new name for Astartella Fila-
tova, 1957 non Wood, 1853 (Mollusca)nec Hall in Hall and
Whitney, 1858 (Mollusca).

The introduction by Wood (1853:170) of the name Astar-
tella has been completely overlooked and consists of the
earliest usage of this nomen. To obviate any future difficul-
ties involving this name and to preserve Astartella Hall in
Hall and Whitney, 1858, which is widely used in the paleonto-
logical literature (Chavan, 1969; Shimer and Shrock, 1944),
we adopt the view that Wood introduced Astartella as a
junior synonym.

Wood's (1853:170) introduction of the name is made in a
discussion oi Erycinella Conrad, 1845 and is ambiguous in
the extreme. He resurrected his own manuscript name by
which a shell was known to him in his private collection; the
text is so garbled with the mention of several different
generic names, some accompanied by question marks, that
one cannot be certain to what Astartella pertains. He stated
that he "would now lay claim [to the name Astartella], pro-
vided no regular diagnosis has previously been given to the
one Mr. Conrad has employed [i.e., for Erycinella Conrad]".
Further, no type-species is designated.

Arguments could be made for Wood's usage being either a
conditional proposal of the name (see I. C.Z.N. Articles
ll(d)(i) and 15) or an introduction as a junior synonym
(I. C.Z.N. Article 11(e)). The former interpretation would
make the nomen available and in the latter interpretation it
would be unavailable.

In accordance with I. C.Z.N. Article 24, the Principle of the
First Reviser, we take the position that Wood introduced the
name Astartella as a junior synonym oi Erycinella Conrad.
Under I. C.Z.N. Article 11(e) it is therefore not an available

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 151

name and does not compete in homonymy with any later
usage of Astartella.

We appreciate critical readings of the manuscript by Mr.
Alan R. Rabat and Mr. Richard I. Johnson, who also allowed
us to examine his personal copy of Wood.

152 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

References Cited

Anderson, H. -J. 1964. Die miocane Reinbek-Stufe in Nord- und
Westdeutschland und ihre Mollusken-Fauna. Fortschritte in
der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen, 14:31-368, 52 pis.

Catalogue of the Books, Manuscripts, Maps and Drawings of the
British Museum (Natural History). London, Hazell, Watson
and Viney, Ld., Vol. I. A-D (1903), pp. viii, 1-500; Vol. II. E-K
(1904), pp. [vi], 501-1038; Vol. III. L-0 (1910), pp. [vi], 1039-1494;
Vol. IV. P-Sn (1913), pp. [vi], 1495-1956; Vol. V. So-Z (1915), pp.
[vi], 1957-2403; London, William Clowes and Sons, Vol. VI.
Supplement A-I (1922), pp. [vi], 1-512; Addenda and Corri-
genda to Vols. I and II. A-Hooker, pp. 1-48; Oxford, University
Press, Vol. VII. Supplement J-O (1933), pp. [vi], 513-968; Vol.
VIII. Supplement P-Z (1940), pp. [vi], 969-1480.

Chavan, A. 1969. Superfamily Crassatellacea F6russac, 1822, pp.
N562-N583 [in] Moore, R., (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Pale-
ontology, (N) Mollusca 6. Geological Society of America, Inc.
and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence. 3 vols.

Conrad, T. A. 1845. Fossils of the Miocene formations of the United
States. No. 3. Judah Dobson, Philadelphia, pp. 57-80, pis.
30-45.

Filatova, Z. A. 1957. Nekotorye novye predstaviteli semeistva
Astartidae (Bivalvia) dal 'nevostochnykh morei [Some new
representatives of the family Astartidae (Bivalvia) from the
Far Eastern Seas]. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii [Proceedings of
the Institute of Oceanology], Akademiya Nauk SSSR [Academy
of Sciences USSR], Moskva [Moscow], 23:296-302. [The date
1957 occurs on the title page of the Russian original and has
been accepted by Skarlato (1980:292); MerkHn (1959:4671) dated
Filatova's article as of 1957, but incorrectly dated the name as
1958, the same as given by Vokes (1967:268; 1980:121).

Hall, J. and J. D. Whitney. 1858. Report on the Geological Survey of
the State of Iowa: Embracing the results of investigations
made during portions of the years 1855, 56 & 57. Volume I, Part
II: Paleontology. Published by authority of the Legislature of
Iowa [Albany, New York], pp. 473-724, 3, 30, pis. 1-29.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1985. In-
ternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Third Edition.
Adopted by the XX General Assembly of the International
Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoologi-
cal Nomenclature, London, pp. xx + 338.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 153

Merklin, R. L. 1959. Referativnyi Zhurnal [Synopsis Journal]. Geo-
logiya [Geology]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR [Academy of Sci-
ences USSR]. Institut Nauchnoi Informatsii [Institute of Scien-
tific Information], Moskva [Moscow] No. 3. Referaty [Synopses]
Nos. 4485-6671, p. 4671, No. 4665.

Radwin, G. E. and E. V. Coan. 1976. A catalogue of collations of
works of malacological importance. The Western Society of
Malacologists Occasional Paper, 2:1-34.

Ruhoff, F. A. 1980. Index to the species of Mollusca introduced from
1850 to 1870. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 294:1-640.

Sherborn, C. D. 1922-33. Index Animalium. Section 2. Trustees of
the British Museum, London, pp. i-cxlvii + 1-7056 + 1-1098.

Shimer, H. W. and R. R. Shrock. 1944. Index fossils of North Amer-
ica. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. ix + 837, 303 pis.

Skarlato, O. A. 1981. Dvustvorchatyemollyuski umerennykh shirot
zapadnoi chasti Tikhogo Okeana [Bivalved mollusks of the
temperate latitude of the western part of the Pacific Ocean].
Opredeliteli po faune SSSR [Keys to the fauna of the USSR],
Leningrad, 126:1-479, text-figs. 1-208, 487 photographs.

Yokes, H. E. 1967. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and biblio-
graphic catalogue. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 51(232):
103-394.

Yokes, H. E. 1980. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and biblio-
graphic catalogue (revised and updated). Paleontological Re-
search Institution, Ithaca, New York, pp. i-xxvii + 1-307.

Wenz, W. 1944. Gastropoda: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia.
Pp. 1507-1639 [in] Schindewolf, O. H. (ed.), Handbuch der
Palaozoologie. Band 6(1). Yerlag von Gebriider Borntraeger,
Berlin.

Wood, S. Y 1840-42. A catalogue of shells from the Crag. Annals
and Magazine of Natural History, 6(37):243-253 (1840); 9(60):
455-462, pi. 5 (1842); 9(61):527-544 (1842).

Wood, S. Y 1848-82. A monograph of the Crag Mollusca. [see colla-
tion herein].

154 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

BOOK REVIEW

Carol M. Lalli and Ronald W. Gilmer. 1989. Pelagic
Snails. The Biology of Holoplanktonic Gastropod Mollusks.
Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, pp. i-xiv,
1-259, 25 tables, 76 text-figures, 16 color figures. ISBN 0-
8047-1490-8. $45.00.

The study of pelagic animals, organisms living in the
oceanic water column, has been revolutionized by their
examination and collection in situ. Initially, this was largely
accomplished by open ocean SCUBA diving in surface
waters, but more recently it has been extended to include
depths accessible only to deep-sea submersibles equipped
with special collecting apparatus.

Pelagic snails, of which there are about 140 species, com-
prise one of the more important moieties of the oceanic fauna
and except to a few knowledgeable marine scientists, these
wonderful creatures are virtually unknown. One can imagine
the excitement experienced by the early naturalists who first
observed and described these animals. As early as 1705,
Breyn figured the violet-snail, Janthina, and its bubble-filled
float in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,
and in his posthumous 1775 work, ForskSl, who travelled on
the ill-fated Danish expedition to "Arabia Felix", illustrated
several oceanic forms including the pseudothecosomatous
pteropod Gleba. The glassy nautilus, Carinaria cristata, a
representative of these oceanic animals, was once considered
so rare and unusual by eighteenth and nineteenth century
collectors that it fetched at auction a price twice that of the
famous Conus gloriamaris. This heteropod attains the larg-
est size of all pelgagic snails, reaching about a half meter in
length.

Lalli and Gilmer have rendered an important service in
providing a stimulating review of the biology of holoplank-
tonic gastropods. Simultaneously they have significantly
contributed new and previously unrecorded observations on
these relatively poorly known groups. Their approach has
been to stress the living animal in its natural environment.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 155

To live a life entirely in the open ocean without access to solid
substrates has required the evolution of unique adaptations
in form, color, and behavior. The authors discuss such modi-
fications in regard to swimming, floating, and attaching to
objects adrift in the water column. Transformations of the
typical gastropod foot have led to unusual structures which
may facilitate swimming or feeding.

Both prosobranch and opisthobranch lineages in the gas-
tropods have given rise to pelagic snails, of which the
authors consider five separate groups in as many individual
chapters. Each of these is a unit unto itself with specific
sections on such topics as external anatomy, adaptations for
swimming or floating, methods of obtaining nutrition, re-
production and development, parasites, and evolution; a list
of taxa recognized in each group is given as is a list of
references.

After a short introduction, they first treat the unique neus-
tonic janthinids, Janthina and Recluzia, which are pteno-
glossate prosobranchs living suspended from the surface
film of the ocean by a self-created bubble-filled raft. Vora-
cious predators, these so-called violet sea-snails feed on the
by-the-wind sailor Velella velella and the Portuguese man-of-
war Physalia physalis. The second group to be considered
consists of the prosobranch Heteropoda embracing three
families of carnivores that utilize vision to capture their prey.

The shelled pteropods, an opisthobranch lineage, consti-
tute the third group of some 50 species; one portion of these,
the so-called more advanced pseudothecosomatous ptero-
pods have a secondarily derived gelatinous pseudoconch or
false shell. Only recently have some of the unique feeding
adaptations of these animals been described: an enormous
mucoid feeding web up to two meters in diameter is produced
by the animal, which is about 60 mm wide; it entraps minute
plankters and is pulled in to be digested.

The shell-less pteropods, or Gymnosomata with seven
families and fewer than 50 species is the fourth group dis-
cussed. These opisthobranchs are all carnivores and show
unique adaptations for the capture of prey, some having

156 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

developed prehensile appendages remarkably like the tenta-
cles of cephalopods to grasp and hold their food.

Last to be discussed are the few but nevertheless fascinat-
ing nudibranchs which have assumed an almost entirely
holoplanktonic existence. These include the dendronota-
ceans Phylliroe and Cephalopyge, small fish-like predators
of cnidarians as well as Glaucus, Glaucilla and Fiona which
also prey on pleustonic cnidarians such as Velella, Porpita
and Physalia as well as floating stalked barnacles. The blind
Glaucus with its beautifully oceanic blue camouflage can, as
an additional defense mechanism, stuff its cerata with the
stinging cells or nematocysts of the Portuguese man-of-war
and become one of the very rare animals, a killer mollusk.

The work is strengthened by its excellent illustrations and
color plates as well as by the glossary which defines the
rather specialized vocabulary applied to the pelagic realm.
Both systematic and subject indices are provided.

— K. J. Boss

MCZ
LIBRARY

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

JUL 1 5 1992

Published by

The Department of Mollusks HARVARD

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univet§it!^^£p^31Ty
Cambridge, Massachusetts

VOLUME 5 15 July 1992 NUMBER 69

AN INDEXED CATALOGUE OF

PUBLICATIONS ON
MOLLUSCAN TYPE SPECIMENS

Alan R. Kabat^

and
Kenneth J. Boss^

ABSTRACT

This paper provides a bibliographical compilation of
over 1,150 type catalogues (and related papers) of Recent
and fossil mollusks. These publications on type specimens
are cross-referenced in separate author, museum, and
systematic indices. Several recommendations for the ar-
rangement and content of type lists are proposed; only
name-bearing types, along with paratypes and paralectotypes,
warrant inclusion in published type catalogues.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 158

Author Index 1 64

Museums Index 188

Systematic Index 233

Bibliography 244

'Division of Mollusks NHB-llS, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

^Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02138 U.S.A.

157

158 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

INTRODUCTION

Type specimens, or the original material used by an
author in describing a new species, are of fundamental
importance to subsequent researchers in determining the
identity of a species. As systematists are well aware, one of
the more time consuming components of taxonomic re-
search is ascertaining the location and status of type
specimens, especially those described in the older literature.
All too often, original descriptions do not indicate the
repository of the type(s); and type material may be
distributed after publication to various museums not men-
tioned in the description. In some cases, lack of knowledge
of the existence of a type specimen has led to the
unnecessary designation of neotypes while the original
material was still extant, albeit not where it might have been
expected. Some museums or universities have transferred
their type and other collections, often following political or
administrative changes. Type collections in private hands
may be dispersed or broken up and rarely remain intact.
War-related damages may partially or wholly destroy type
collections.

Given these vicissitudes, it is easy to see why some
systematists tend to lose heart at trying to track down all
the relevant type specimens for the taxa they study. Several
previous publications have attempted to address these
problems. The first was "Where is the — collection?"
(Sherbom, 1940) which listed several hundred collectors
and the present locations of their collections. However,
Sherbom gave few references, and he did not differentiate
between type specimens and general collections.

Banfield (1968) listed 183 published type catalogues,
with emphasis on insects and vertebrates (see also Rydzewski,
1979). Taylor (1975: 7) listed almost 50 malacological type
catalogues with emphasis on those treating freshwater
mollusks. Bassett (1975) provided a valuable work on the
paleontological type catalogues of British collections, with
three indices (taxonomic, stratigraphic, and museum); this
paper provides an excellent model for subsequent works
such as ours. Cleevely's (1983) herculean compilation of
biographical and bibliographical data on paleontologists and

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 159

their collections also includes (in his museums index) some
references to type catalogues published on the various
paleontological collections. The compilations of data on
paleontological collections by Glenister, et al (1977), Prieur
(1980), and Webby (1989, 1992) supplement Cleevely's
work, although the latter is far more comprehensive. The
histories of shell collecting by Dean (1936) and Dance
(1966, 1986) provide biographical information on early
malacologists and give the known repositories of many of
their collections.

In a work published after the completion of our
manuscript, Wiktor and Rydzewski (1991) listed some
1,800 type catalogues covering the field of zoology (includ-
ing paleontology). However, their systematic index is only
to the level of phylum and class, and the authors of the
species are not indexed. In contrast, our paper has the
systematic index to the class or family level, and the authors
of species are indexed. We also provide complete museum
addresses and the correct museum acronyms (many of the
acronyms listed by Wiktor & Rydzewski have never been
used before by anyone else). Of the nearly 400 relevant
malacological titles which they listed, we already had all but
four of them; we list over 750 additional malacological
titles. Furthermore, many of the publications listed by
Wiktor and Rydzewski are actually general monographs or
even articles on the type species of a genus. Despite these
aspects, their work represents a useful start for phyla other
than the Mollusca.

The purpose of our paper is to bring together the
entire corpus of type catalogues on fossil and Recent
Mollusca, together with indices and cross-references. We
focus primarily on those papers which specifically make
reference to author or museum type collections. Generally
we do not include critical revisions or systematic mono-
graphs. Rather, we have striven to include those publica-
tions dealing exclusively with type specimens, in particular,
those of institutions and of species described by particular
individuals. Obviously it is difficult to draw the line as some
"type catalogues" also include remarks on the current
systematic status or even revisionary comments; we have

160 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

erred on the side of including such papers regardless.
Essentially, this is a compilation of the secondary literature,
and not the primary taxonomic literature which is usually
more widely known. Also, in the nineteenth century, there
were numerous publications which were titled as catalogues
of given collections; these papers are only incidentally (if at
all) about type specimens and we do not include them
[Tomlin (1944-1948) and Kabat (1989) discussed some of
these publications]. Nor do we include references to the
"pre-Linnaean" collections which were used for various
iconographies of the sixteeenth to eighteenth centuries;
those "types" have seldom survived to the present [for
extensive discussion of these collections, see the symposium
volume edited by Impey and MacGregor (1985)].

We would like to emphasize that our paper is not
intended as a replacement for the aforementioned publica-
tions of Sherbom, Bassett, Cleevely, Dance, and Webby.
Rather, this is a complementary work that attempts to fill
in the lacunae of those works and to provide several
alternative approaches for accessing this diverse literature
of type catalogues. In particular, we hope that the full
references and comprehensive indices will be of great value
to malacological systematists. The observant reader will
notice that certain taxa, authors, or museums are much
better documented than are others; we hope that our paper
will stimulate further research to fill in these gaps in our
knowledge of malacological type specimens.

This paper comprises four components: (1) An author
index, arranged alphabetically. (2) A museums index,
arranged alphabetically by continent and country. (3) A
systematic index, arranged by molluscan class and family.
(4) An alphabetical bibliography of all the malacological
type catalogues that have come to our attention; the article
and journal titles are given in full. The references in the
three indices are merely author-date and lead the reader to
the bibliography. Most of the papers are fully catalogued in
all three categories except for a few comprehensive items
covering numerous {e.g. , more than 20) families of gastro-
pods and bivalves, and for some museum type catalogues
with numerous authors, often of non name-bearing types.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 161

Thus, researchers interested in a specific family or author
should also check the other indices to obtain all possible
relevant references.

In compiling our list, we became aware of a variety of
approaches taken by authors in formulating their type lists.
Some are obviously easy to use, while others are vexatious
in their difficult arrangement, hindering the search for a
given species. We make some proposals about what a type
catalogue should include and how it can best be arranged.

First, the data to be given for each species should
include the following:

specific name, generic name (the original binomen)
Author, year: publication, page(s), plate (s)/figure(s)
type locality (geographical; stratigraphical)
size (especially for lectotype or neotype designation)
status of type(s) (holotype, lectotype, etc.)
subsequent references of note (z.e., lectotype

or neotype designations)
Museum, registration number (if used)
additional remarks (as needed)

The exact ordering of these data is not as important
as is the consistent usage of a logical, straightforward
system.

Secondly, it is our opinion that within the catalogue,
the species are best arranged by their original binomen:
alphabetically by specific name. All too often, one sees
catalogues in which the taxa are either arranged by generic
name {i.e., the species listed alphabetically under each
genus), or by their current generic combination, or by
family, or by other museum collection arrangement. The
problems with those approaches are that generic combina-
tions and familial placements tend to change because of
systematic revisions, and type catalogues that are not
arranged by the original binomina are most difficult to use
as one often has to search under a number of generic names
in order to find the particular specific name of interest.

In addition to the taxa listed in a type catalogue,
several other components are of considerable importance.
These include an historical introduction to the material
(authors, museums, taxa) covered in the catalogue; full

162 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

bibliographical references to the original descriptions and
subsequent references of note {i.e., lectotype and neotype
designations); and perhaps one or more indices. If the type
catalogue is arranged alphabetically by the specific name,
then a generic index would be helpful; conversely, cata-
logues arranged by genus should have a species index.
Catalogues covering numerous authors could include a
species index for each author. Geographical indices are of
lesser importance.

Thirdly, we emphasize that type catalogues are best
restricted to name-bearing types: holotypes, lectotypes, neo-
types, and syntypes (Frizzell, 1933; International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN], 1985, Articles 71-75).
These types are of fundamental systematic importance and
deserve the highest curatorial standards. The aforemen-
tioned Articles of the ICZN contain excellent advice and
regulations regarding the treatment and selection of types
which should be carefully consulted. The ICZN recom-
mends that institutions "publish lists of name-bearing types
in its possession or custody..." [Recommendation 72G(4)].
Further discussion of the curation of types and related
problems is provided by Berry (1985), Brunton, et al.
(1985), Crowther (1990), Owen (1964), Swinton (1955),
S. Tillier (1984), Torrens (1974), and in the symposium
volume edited by Bassett (1979). Simpson (1940) gave a
more general review of types and their roles in systematics.
An alternative viewpoint was advocated by Fricke (1985)
who needlessly proposed two additional categories of types
and concluded that paratypes should not have any nomen-
clatural status. However, we would like to emphasize the
evolutionary and nomenclatural importance of paratypes
(and paralectotypes): not only may they show morphologi-
cal variation, but also they may be important in resolving
problems of mixed species identities. Inclusion of paratypes
and paralectotypes in type catalogues can be justified
depending upon individual circumstances. We have avoided
using the terms "primary types" and "secondary types"
which have been inconsistently used in the literature.

In contrast to these name-bearing types, one some-
times sees type catalogues (especially paleontological) con-

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 163

taining various other categories of types, including to-
potypes ("a specimen from the original locality from which
a species was described") and hypotypes ("a described or
figured specimen, used in publication in extending or
correcting the knowledge of a previously defined species")
(definitions from Frizzell, 1933: 653, 665). While these
latter types may be of some importance in a systematic
context, they do not warrant inclusion in a type catalogue,
as they often needlessly increase the length of such works.
Instead it is better to mention briefly in the introduction
that the voucher specimens (including topotypes or hy-
potypes) of particular systematic revisions are housed in the
given museum collection. By definition, a type catalogue
cannot contain icotypes (specimens about which nothing
has been published), inasmuch as that is no longer true
once the catalogue gets published. We certainly hope that
onomatypes (cited or figured specimens that do not add to
our knowledge of the species) will not be included in type
catalogues!

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the numerous colleagues who have sent us
their publications on types and type catalogues. Dwight W
Taylor originally suggested a compilation of this nature to
the junior author and kindly provided a nucleus of
references which has been greatly expanded over the past
20 years. The following colleagues provided helpful discus-
sion on several points and informed us of certain overlooked
titles: Alan Beu, Riidiger Bieler, Philippe Bouchet, Eugene
V. Coan, John Cooper, Yves Finet, Ronald Janssen,
Richard I. Johnson, Richard N. Kilburn, Alan J. Kohn, Ian
Loch, Bruce A. Marshall, James H. McLean, Robert G.
Moolenbeek, Fred Naggs, Takashi Okutani, Richard E.
Petit, Gary Rosenberg, Tom Schiotte, Michael F. Sweeney,
Thomas R. Waller, Anders Waren, and Kathie Way.
Carolyn Hahn (Smithsonian Institution Libraries) and
Walter E. Sage (American Museum of Natural History)
obtained copies of several papers otherwise unavailable to
us.

164 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

AUTHORS INDEX

The following index is arranged alphabetically by the
author of the new taxa for which type specimens have been
catalogued or mentioned. We do not include mere bio-
graphical (or obituary) notes which do not discuss the
whereabouts of type material; see Cleevely (1983) and
Dance (1986) for such references. Some historical reviews
of various collections have listed authors whose types are
present (without further data); we have usually indexed
these (except for Mienis [1976] who listed 92 such
authors!).

There are a number of type catalogues including
numerous {e.g.^, 50-100 or more) authors of type material,
often not of name-bearing types. It was impractical to
attempt to index all such authors. In a few cases where such
catalogues were dominated by a few authors, we have
mentioned those; otherwise those broad catalogues are not
indexed in this list. Also not fully indexed are the type
catalogues of the Academy of Natural Sciences by Baker
(1962-1964) on land gastropods and the subsequent "Try-
onia" catalogues (Davis, et al., 1979; Richardson, et ai,
1991; Robertson, et ai, 1981-1987) as over 100 authors are
entailed, and those publications include lists or indexes of
the authors. The extensive series of type catalogues of the
Senckenberg Museum by Zilch (in 60 parts, 195 1-1 987b)
are also not indexed herein; their phylogenetic arrangement
facilitates access to authors of taxa in the various families.

We note that there are alternative approaches in
alphabetizing certain European names containing prefixes:
while Europeans themselves generally do not use de, van,
or von in alphabetical precedence, the latest edition of the
(American) CBE Style Manual [Fifth Edition, 1983], states
that the particle or definite article must precede the family
name. This latter usage is contrary to that of the Europeans
and we have not followed it for articles which are separate
ft"om the family name. However, we have used it for those
cases where the article is an integral part of the family
name: d' and Mac / Mc.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 165

Abbott, R.T. — Olazarri, et al, 1972; Wells, 1977.

Adam, W. —Slack-Smith, 1983.

Adams, A. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Cemohorsky, 1969c;

Finet & Houart, 1989; Fleming, 1951; Habe, 1961,

1977c, 1985; Kuroda & Habe, 1954; Makiyama,

1929; Tomlin, 1932a; Trew, 1992; Yen, 1942.
Adams, C.B. —Baker, 1964; Clench & Turner, 1950a;

Ferreira, 1978; Jacobson & Boss, 1973; R.I. Johnson

& Boss, 1972, 1973; Michelson, 1953; Pilsbry, 1946;

Richards & Old, 1969; R.D. Turner, 1956a, 1956b.
Adams, H. —Trew, 1992; Verdcourt, 1983b.
Adanson, M. — Fischer-Piette, 1942; Lamy, 1929a.
Agassiz, L. — Berset & Decrouez, 1989; Jeannet, 1932;

Ledermann, 1967.
Aguayo, C.G. — Baker, 1964; Olazarri, et ai, 1972.
Albers, J.C. — Kilias, 1969, 1974b.
Alencaster, G. — Perrilliat, 1981.
Allan, J. — Rudman, 1983; Whitley, 1968.
Allan, R.S. —Allan, 1938.
Altena, CO. van Regteren. — Benthem Jutting & Bruggen,

1972; Bruggen, 1977; Olazarri, et al, 1972.
Ancey, C.-F. —Cooke, 1918; Geret, 1909; Kilias, 1969,

1971; Schouteden, 1936; Wells, 1977.
Anderson, R. — Murphy & Rodda, 1977.
Angas, G.F. —Cemohorsky, 1969c; Hedley, 1913; Iredale,

1959.
Annandale, T.N. —Baker, 1964.
Anthony, J.G. —R.D. Turner, 1946.
Arango, R. — ^Jacobson, 1975; Mount, 1973a.
Arkell, W.J. — Pyrah, 1977.
Ashby, E. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Gowlett-Hohnes &

McHenry, 1988; Iredale & Hull, 1927; Macphail &

Zeidler, 1978; B.J. Smith & Robertson, 1970; Wells,

1977.
Audouin, V. — Bouchet & Danrigal, 1982.

Bacci, G. — Mienis, 1976c.

Baker, F.C. —Baker, 1964; Franzen, 1956-1958; Leonard,

1957; Wu & Brandauer, 1982
Baker, H.B. —Kilias, 1961; Olazarri, et al, 1972; Robertson,

166 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

etal, 1986, 1986; Thome, 1988c.
Barnard, K.H. —Giles & Gosliner, 1983; Kilbum, 1973.
Barrande, J. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.]; Ruzicka &

Prantl, 1960.
Bartha, F. — Krolopp, 1980.
Bartsch, P. — Robertson, et al., 1987; Rosewater, 1984b;

Ruhoff, 1973.
Bavay, A. — Fischer-Piette, 1950; Mienis, 1976a; Robertson,

et al., 1987; Roth & Clover, 1973; Thomson [in prep.].
Beck, H.H. — Kilias, 1971.
Beddome, C.E. — Loch, ms. 1.
Beecher, C.E. —Baker, 1964.
Beets, C. — Pouwer, 1991.
Bell, A. —Bell, 1917; Pyrah, 1977, 1978.
Bellardi, L. — Ferrero-Mortara, et al., 1982, 1984; Gatto,

1984.
Benett, E. — Spamer, et al., 1989.
Benoit, L. —Baker, 1964.
Benson, W.H. —Yen, 1942.
Benthem Jutting, W.S.S. van. — Altena, 1964; Coomans,

1991; Kilias, 1969; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Somadikarta,

et al., 1964.
Bequaert, J. —Richards & Old, 1969; Schouteden, 1936.
Bergh, R. —Kilias, 1967b; Sparck, 1951.
Bergenhayn, J.R.M. — Wallin, 1991a.
Bernard, F. — Peden & Green, 1982.
Bemardi, A.C. —Fischer-Piette, 1950; Richard, 1980.
Berry, E. — Roscoe, 1963.
Berry, S.S. —Hertz, 1984; Mount, 1973a; Natsukari &

Okutani, 1975; Roper & Sweeney, 1978; Rudman,

1983; Scott, et al., 1990; A.G. Smith, 1974; Sweeney

& Roper, 1984; Sweeney, et al., 1988; Wilson & Bing,

1970; Wu & Brandauer, 1982.
Beu, A. —Dawson, 1979.
Bielz, E.A. — Corocleanu, 1968; Kilias, 1974b.
Biese, W.A. — Cekalovic & Artigas, 1981b.
Biggs, H.E.J. —Mienis, 1975a.
Binney, A. —Richards & Old, 1969.
Binney, W.G. —Binney, 1885; Gratacap, 1901; Richards

& Old, 1969.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 167

Bird, J. — Buckman, 1909-1930; Howarth, 1962.

Bittner, A. — Tichy, 1970.

Blainville, H.-M.D. de — Ashby, 1922; Kohn, 1986; Lamy,

1923; Thome, 1979.
Blake, J.F. —Crick, 1922.
Bland, T. — Gratacap, 1901.

Blume, W. — Verdcourt, 1970; Zilch, 1965c, 1971b.
Boettger, C.R. — Kilias, 1969; Mienis, 1975a; Zilch, 1977b.
Boettger, O. — Habe, 1982; Kilias, 1971, 1974b, 1974c;

Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Kinkelin, 1903; Knipper, 1954;

Zilch, 1934, 1935.
Bonarelli, G. —Roman, 1937.
Bonetto, A.A. — Olazarri, et al., 1972.
Bom, I. von — Brauer, 1878; Finet & Houart, 1989; Kohn,

1964.
Borson, S. —Kohn, 1986, 1988; Pavia, 1976.
Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. —Kohn, 1988.
Bosc, L.A.G. —Kohn, 1981.
Bose, E. — Perrilliat, 1981.
Boshoff, P.H. — Kilbum, 1973.
Bourguignat, J.R. —Baker, 1964; Chevalier & Pothier,

1972; Couffon & Surrault, 1909; Favre, 1943; Mer-

mod, 1950a; Schouteden, 1936; Tillier & Mordan,

1983; Verdcourt, 1986.
Brandt, R.A.M. —Wells, 1977.
Bratcher, T. — Cemohorsky, 1969c; Wells, 1977.
Brazier, J.W —Baker, 1964; Cotton, 1945; Green, 1974;

Hedley, 1901; Iredale, 1958a; Ponder & Stanbury,

1972; Zeidler, 1985.
Brocchi, G. —Jeffreys, 1884; Kohn, 1986; Lamy, 1931;

Rossi-Ronchetti, 1952, 1955; Pinna & Spezia, 1978.
Broderip, WJ. —Kilias, 1969; Kohn, 1988.
Brongniart, A. — Kohn, 1988.
Bronn, H.G. —Kohn, 1988.
Brooks, S.T. —R.I. Johnson, 1981.
Brot, A. —Baker, 1964; Mermod, 1950a.
Brown, T. — Smaldon, et al., 1976.
Brugnone, G. — Mienis, 1975a.
Bruguiere, J.-G. — BCilias, 1969; Kohn, 1968; Mermod,

1947.

168 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Brusina, S. — Milan, et ai, 1974; Zagar-Sakac, 1981.

Buckman, J. —Crick, 1902.

Buckman, S.S. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.]; Stubblefield,

1936.
Burch, R.D. — Cemohorsky, 1969c; Wells, 1977.
Burgess, CM. —Wells, 1977.
Bum, R. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Green, 1974; Wells,

1977.
Bumup, H.C. — Anonymous, 1962.
Busch, G. von dem — Kjoipper, 1958.
Bush, K.J. —R.I. Johnson, 1989.
Butot, L.J.M. — Somadikarta, et al, 1964.

Cailliaud, F. — Tillier & Mordan, 1983.

Call, R.E. —Baker, 1964; R.I. Johnson, 1975a.

Campbell, K.S.W —Philip, 1971.

Campiche, G. — Bechon, et al., 1984, 1985a, 1985b;

Decrouez, 1985.
Cantraine, F. — Leloup, 1950.
Carcelles, A. — Olazarri, et al., 1972.
Carpenter, H.F. — Baker, 1964.
Carpenter, P.P. — Brann, 1966; Cemohorsky, 1969c; Coan

& Rosewater, 1985; Keen, 1968; Palmer, 1945a, 1951,

1958, 1963; Van Winkle, 1921.
Gate, C.N. —Wells, 1977.
Gate, J. —Wells, 1977.
Caziot, E. — Mienis, 1976b.
Cemohorsky, WO. —Wells, 1977.
Chamberlain, R.V. — Roscoe, 1963.
Charpentier, J. — Kilias, 1974c.
Chavan, A. — Serret, 1986a.

Chemnitz, J.H. — Bmun, 1945; Kohn, 1964; Sparck, 1951.
Chenu, J.C. — Mermod, 1947, 1950a.
Chitty, E. —Clench & Turner, 1950b.
Clapp, G.H. —Mount, 1973a; Wu & Brandauer, 1982.
Clark, B.L. — Addicott, et al., 1971.
Clark, W. —Waren, 1983.

Clench, W.J. —Kilias, 1974a; Olazarri, et al., 1972.
Clessin, S. —Kilias, 1961, 1963, 1967a, 1967b, 1974b;

Kuiper, 1967.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 169

Cockerell, T.D.A. — Wu & Brandauer, 1982.

Coen, G.S. — Mienis, 1972, 1973, 1975a, 1975b, 1981;

Piani, 1983; F.A. Schilder, 1964.
Colosi, G. —Thome, 1970b.
Connolly, M. —Adam, 1971; Anonymous, 1958, 1962;

Bruggen, 1963; Kilias, 1967b, 1969; Kilias & Kilias,

1982; Schouteden, 1936.
Conrad, T.A. —Abbott, 1955; Beecher, 1900; J.M. Clarke,

1905c; Davis, 1964; C.W. Johnson, 1905; R.I. Johnson

& Baker, 1973; Keen, 1966a; Moore, 1962; R.D.

Turner, 1962.
Cooke, CM., Jr. —Baker, 1962-1964; Cooke, 1918;

Kondo& Clench, 1952.
Cooper, J.G. — Coan 1982, 1986a.
Cossmann, M. — ^J.-C. Fischer & Vadet, 1985; Fouray,

1979; Magne, 1950a, 1966-1967; Peck, 1957.
Costa, E.M. da — Waren, 1989.
Costa, O.G. — Barbera Lamagna, 1968.
Cotton, B.C. — Gowlett-Holmes & McHenry, 1988; Hew-

ish & Gowlett-Holmes, 1991; Laws & Mincham,

1968, 1973; Macphail & Zeidler, 1978; Zeidler, 1983,

1985; Zeidler & Macphail, 1978.
Couper, J.H. —Baker, 1964.
Coutagne, G. — Mienis, 1976b.
Couthouy, J.P. — R.I. Johnson, 1946.
Cowan, I. — Peden & Green, 1982.
Cox, J.C. —Richardson, 1971; Wells, 1977.
Crabb, E.D. —Baker, 1964.
Cragin, F.W. — Pritchett, 1905.
Craven, A.E. — Verdcourt, 1979a, 1979b.
Creswell, A.W. —Singleton, 1945.
Cristofori, G. de —Pinna, 1971; Pinna & Spezia, 1978.
Croneis, C. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.].
Crosse, H. — Breure, 1976a; Chevallier, 1964-1966; Fischer-

Piette, 1950; Kilias, 1967b; E.A. Smith, 1897; Thome,

1972; R.D. Turner, 1962.
Currier, A.O. —Baker, 1964.
Cuvier, J.L.C.F.D. —Thome, 1988a.

170 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

d'Ailly, A. — Kilias, 1971; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Schout-

eden, 1936; Wallin, 1991a.
d'Archiac, A. —Roger, 1950.
d'Orbigny, A. — Breure, 1976a; Conte, 1989; Cottreau,

1925-32, 1934-37; Gray, 1854b, 1855a; R.I. Johnson,

1971; Keen, 1966d; Meco, 1975; Moulet, 1989; Pons

da Silva & Davis, 1983; Roger, 1950; Thevenin,

1906-23; Watson, 1876; Wilkins, 1953c.
Dall, W.H. —Baker, 1964; Boss, et al, 1968; Coan, 1966a;

Dall, 1925; Drake, 1957; Habe, 1978b; Kilias, 1971;

Kosuge, 1972; Mount, 1973a; Robertson, et al, 1981;

Rosewater, 1984b; Scott, et ai, 1990; Spamer &

Forster, 1988; Thome & Pitoni, 1976.
Dautzenberg, P. — Belloc, 1962; Breure, 1976a; Fischer,

1962b; Fischer-Piette, 1950; Leloup, 1950; Mienis,

1975a; Robertson, et aL, 1987; Schilder & Schilder,

1952; Schouteden, 1936.
Davis, C.A. —Baker, 1964.
Defrance, J.L.M. —Bigot, 1906-1945; Bigot & Matte,

1903, 1904; Kohn, 1986.
Degner, E. — Kaiser, 1980.
Delessert, J.P.B. — Mermod, 1947, 1950a.
Dell, R.K. — Boreham, 1959; Dawson, 1979; Keyes, 1971.
Delle Chiaje, S. —Kohn, 1988.
Deshayes, G.P. — Bratcher, 1977; Cemohorsky, 1969c;

Dell, 1963; P.-H. Fischer, 1970; Fleming, 1951; R.I.

Johnson, 1959a; Kohn, 1988; Tillier, 1979.
Dillwyn, L.W. —Cemohorsky, 1974; Kohn, 1986; Wilkins,

1955.
Djajasasmita, M. — Somadikarta, et aL, 1964.
Doherty, W —Baker, 1964.

Dohm, H. —Kilias, 1967a, 1969, 1971; Verdcourt, 1984b.
Donald, J. — Pyrah, 1978.
Donovan, E. —Kohn, 1988.
Doring, A. —Zilch, 1971a.
Drapamaud, J.P.R. — Locard, 1895.

Dunker, W. — Kabat & Kilias, 1991; —Kilias, 1971, 1974c.
Dybowski, B. — Zdun, 1969.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 171

Edmondson, C.H. — Eldredge, 1965.

Edwards, F.E. — Pyrah, 1978.

Ehrenberg, C.G. — Kilias, 1963, 1967a, 1971, 1974c.

Ehrmann, P. —Zilch, 1972b.

Eichwald, K.R.I. — Kohn, 1988.

Engel, H. — Coomans, 1981.

Emi, A. — Ledermann, 1967.

Etallon, A. — Wannier & Panchaud, 1977.

Etheridge, R. — Anonymous, 1962; Rozefelds, et al, 1990.

Eydoux, F. — Gray, 1855b.

Fabricius, O. — Sparck, 1951.

Favre, E. — Gerber, 1936.

Favre, J. — Decrouez & Kunz, 1985.

Ferriss, J.H. —Baker, 1962-1964; Wu & Brandauer, 1982.

Ferussac, A.E.J.P.J.F.d'A. — Chevallier, 1965-1966; Ferus-

sac, 1837; Thome, 1971, 1990; Tillier & Mordan,

1983.
Finlay, H.J. —Allan, 1938; Cemohorsky, 1972; Powell,

1941.
Fischer, G. — Ivanov & Kantor, 1990; Kohn, 1981.
Fischer, H. — Belloc, 1962; Fischer, 1962b.
Fischer, P. —Chevallier, 1964-1966; Forcart, 1952; Kilias,

1967b; Thome, 1971.
Fischer-Piette, E. — Backhuys, 1990.
Fleming, C.A. — Boreham, 1959; Dawson, 1979; Keyes,

1972.
Flower, R.H. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.]; Wolberg,

1990a-1991c.
Foerste, A.F. — R.A. Davis & Troike, 1990; Eng &

d'Escrivan [in prep.].
Folin, L. de — Boury, 1911; Folin, 1890; Kisch, 1959a-

1960.
Forbes, E. — Smaldon, et al., 1976.
Forcart, L. — Thome, 1984.
Forsskal, P. — Yaron, et al, 1986.
Frauenfeld, G. von — ^Verdcourt, 1984b.
Frierson, L.S. —R.I. Johnson, 1972, 1979.
Fuchs, A. —Kilias, 1971, 1974c.

172 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Fulton, H. —Crowley & Pain, 1961; Mienis, 1977;
Robertson, et al, 1987; Wells, 1977.

Gabb, W.M. — Coan & Bogan, 1988; C.W. Johnson, 1905;

Merriam, 1895; Murphy & Rodda, 1977; Rodda &

Murphy, 1991; R.B. Stewart, 1927, 1930; R.D.

Turner, 1962; Voss, 1962.
Gabriel, C.J. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; B.J. Smith & Black,

1969.
Gale, H.R. —Wilson & Bing, 1970.
Gambetta, L. — Thome, 1970b.
Garrard, TA. —Loch, ms. 2; Wells, 1977.
Garrett, A. — Cemohorsky, 1987; Clench, 1979; Kawamoto

[in prep.]; Kilias, 1969; Robertson, et al.^, 1986; H.H.

Smith, 1902.
Gaskoin, J.S. — Lingwood & McMillan, 1981.
Gassies, J.B. — Couffon & Surrault, 1905; Magne, 1950b;

Stelfox, 1922; Thielens, 1874.
Gatliff, J.H. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; B.J. Smith & Black,

1969.
Gebauer, J.J. — Kohn, 1981.

Gebhardt, A. — Fiikoh & Krolopp, 1989; Varga, 1989.
Geinitz, H.B. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.]; Presch, 1970.
Germain, L. — Chevalier & Pothier, 1972; Fischer-Piette,

1947; Schouteden, 1936.
Gibbons, J.S. —Fulton, 1917; Verdcourt, 1981.
Gil, A.V. — Wolberg, 199 Id.
Glaessner, M. — Singleton, 1945.
Gmelin, J.F. — Cemohorsky, 1974; Coomans & de Visser,

1987; Habe, 1983; Kohn, 1966.
Godfrey, F.K. — Gowlett-Holmes & McHenry, 1988; Zeidier

& Macphail, 1978.
Godwin- Austin, H.H. — Mount, 1973a.
Goldfuss, G.A. — Anderson, 1962.
Gooch, L. van. — Green, 1974.

Goodrich, C. —R.I. Johnson, 1979; Rosewater, 1959.
Goodrich, E.S. — Thomson [in prep.].
Gouin, H. — Llabrador, 1959.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 173

Gould, A.A. — Dall, 1892; Habe, 1978d; R.I. Johnson,
1964; Kosuge, 1969; Marshall, 1892; Palmer, 1950;
Yen, 1944.

Grabau, A. — Cushman, 1907.

Grandidier, A. — Verdcourt, 1986.

Grant, U.S., IV —Wilson & Bing, 1970.

Grateloup, J.P. — Fulton, 1908; Magne, 1950a, 1950b.

Gray, J.E. —Crick, 1903; Dell, 1963; Cemohorsky, 1969c;
Fleming, 1951; Kohn, 1988; Natsukari & Okutani,
1975; Wilkins, 1952, 1953b, 1953c, 1957.

Gredler, V. — Kilias, 1974b; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Knipper,
1954; Zilch, 1974.

Greeff, R. —Kilias & ICilias, 1982.

Green, J. —Kohn, 1988.

Gregorio, A. de — Palmer, 1945b.

Grier, N.M. —R.I. Johnson, 1977a.

Gude, G.K. —Wells, 1977.

Guestier, D. — Magne, 1950b.

Guex, J. — Serret, 1986b.

Guilding, R.L. —Thome, 1985.

Gulick, J.T. —Clench, 1959; Cooke, 1918.

Guppy, R.J.L. —Baker, 1964.

Gurley, W.F.E. — Weller, 1929.

Haas, F. —Kilias, 1967a, 1971; Schouteden, 1936; Solem,

1967; Wells, 1977.
Habe, T. — Inaba & Oyama, 1977.
Hagenmiiller, P. — Couturier, 1903.
Halavats, G. — Krolopp, 1980.
Haldeman, S.S. —Baker, 1964; R.I. Johnson & Baker,

1973.
Hall, J. —Peck & McFarland, 1954; Schuchert, 1905.
Hanley, S. —Wilkins, 1953c.
Hannibal, H. —Taylor & Smith, 1971.
Harmer, F.W —Bell, 1917; Kennard, 1944; Pyrah, 1978.
Ham, E.H. —Baker, 1964.
Hartman, W.T. — H.H. Smith, 1902.
Hartmann, J.D.W —Fulton, 1917.
Hayami, I. — Hayami & Kase, 1977.

174 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Hayden, F.V. — Schuchert, 1905.

Heath, H. — Stasek, 1966b.

Hedley, C. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Cemohorsky, 1969c;

Iredale, 1958b; Trew, 1991; Wells, 1977.
Heilprin, A. — Spamer & Forster, 1988; Voss, 1962.
Hemphill, H. — Coan & Roth, 1987; Wu & Brandauer,

1982.
Henderson, J.H. — Kilias, 1961; McCoy, 1964; Mount,

1973a; Wu & Brandauer, 1982.
Hertlein, L.G. —Roth, 1970.
Hervier, J. — Cemohorsky, 1981; Fischer-Piette, 1950;

Trew, 1991.
Hesse, P. —Kilias, 1971.
Heude, R.P. —Counts, 1991; R.I. Johnson, 1959a, 1973b;

Knipper, 1954, 1958; Yen, 1939; Zilch, 1967b.
Heynemann, D.F. —Thome, 1969b, 1972, 1979.
Hidalgo, J.G. — Breure, 1976a.
Hind, W — Pyrah, 1977.

Hinds, R.B. —Cemohorsky, 1969c; Keen, 1966b.
Hirase, Y. —Baker, 1962-1964; Clench, 1948; Maeda, et

al., 1983, 1987; Robertson, et al., 1987.
Hoare, R.D. — Hoare, 1991.
Hoffman, H. —Thome, 1984.
Holten, H.S. — Kohn, 1981.

Hoepen, E.C.N, van. — Anonymous, 1962; Bmggen, 1963.
Homes, M. — Tichy, 1970.
Howell, S.B. —Voss, 1962.
Hudleston, WH. —Pyrah, 1977, 1978.
Hull, A.F.B. — Iredale & Hull, 1927; Loch, ms. 3; B.J.

Smith & Robertson, 1970; Wells, 1977.
Humphrey, G. — Wilkins, 1955.
Hutton, F.W —Allan, 1938; Boreham, 1965; Keyes, 1972;

Speight, 1913.
Hwass, C.H. —Dodge, 1946; Kohn, 1968; Mermod, 1947.
Hyatt, A. — Cushman, 1907; Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.];

Kummel, 1963; Pritchett, 1905.
Hylton Scott, M.I. — Breure, 1973b.

Ichikawa, K. — Hayami & Kase, 1977.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 175

Ingersoll, E. — Baker, 1964.

Iredale, T. — Boreham, 1959; Macphail & Zeidler, 1978;

McMichael & Whitley, 1956; Rudman, 1983; BJ.

Smith & Robertson, 1970; Wells, 1977; Whitley, 1972.
Issel, A. — Bouchet & Danrigal, 1982.

Jaeckel, S.H. —Boss, 1970; Kilias, 1969, 1971, 1972,
1974b, 1974c; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Zilch, 1971c.

Jan, G. — Conci, 1966; Pinna, 1971; Pinna & Spezia, 1978.

Janssen, A.W. — Pouwer, 1991.

Jay, J.C. — Habe, 1977a, 1977b; Richards & Old, 1969.

Jeffreys, J.G. — Waren, 1980.

Jickeli, C.F. —Kilias, 1963, 1967a, 1969, 1974b; Kilias &
Kilias, 1982.

Johnston, R.M. — Loch, ms. 4; Ludbrook, 1967.

Joubin, L. — Belloc, 1950; Kristensen & Knudsen, 1983.

Jousseaume, F. — Breure, 1976a; Fischer-Piette, 1952;
Habe, 1953; Richard, 1980; Schouteden, 1936.

Kaltenbach, H. —Zilch, 1972c.

Kanakoff, G.P. —Wilson & Bing, 1970.

Kaufel, F. —Kilias, 1974c.

Kawamura, R. — Habe, 1975; Matsukuma & Okutani,

1986; Okutani, 1983.
Keen, A.M. — Coan, 1986b; Wells, 1977.
Keep, J. — Coan, 1985.
Kenyon, A.F. — Loch, ms. 5.
Kesteven, H.L. — Loch, ms. 6.

Kiener, L.C. — Mermod, 1947, 1950a; Richard, 1980.
King, W. — Pattison, 1977.
Kittl, E. —A.W Janssen, 1984; Tichy, 1970.
Klappenbach, M.A. — Olazarri, et al., 1972.
Klemm, W — Boeters, 1987; Kilias, 1974c.
Knudsen, J. — Villiers, 1956.
Kobayashi, I. — Hayami & Kase, 1977.
Kobelt, W —Habe, 1982; Kilias, 1971; Kilias & Kilias,

1982; Kobelt, 1904; Schouteden, 1936.
Kormos, T. — Krolopp, 1980.

176 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Kraus, O. —Thome, 1969b.

Krauss, F. — ^Janus, 1961.

Krolopp, E. — Krolopp, 1980.

Kuiper, J.G.J. — Olazarri, et al., 1972.

Kummel, B. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.].

Kuroda, T. — Hanshin Shell Club, 1986; Matsukuma &

Okutani, 1986.
Kursalova, V.I. —Counts, 1989.
Kutassy, A. — Tichy, 1970.

Laborde, L. de. — Lamy, 1927.

Lamarck, J.B.P. — Ashby, 1922; Bigot, 1906-1945; Bigot
& Matte, 1903, 1904; Brot, 1872; Cemohorsky,
1969b; Christiaens, 1968; Dautzenberg & Fischer,
1914; Delessert, 1841; Favre, 1918; Finet & Houart,
1989; Fischer-Piette & Lamy, 1943a; R.I. Johnson,
1952, 1953, 1969b; Lamy, 1904-1942 [partim]; Lamy
& Fischer-Piette, 1937a-1939f; Kohn, 1981, 1988;
Mermod, 1950a- 1953; Mermod & Binder, 1963;
Richard, 1980; Sowerby, 1909; Wheeler, 1963.

Lamy, E. — Fischer & Fischer, 1945.

Laseron, C.F. — Hewish & Gowlett-Holmes, 1991;
McMichael & Whitley, 1961; Wells, 1977.

Laube, G.C. —Tichy, 1970.

Laws, C.R. —Allan, 1938; Boreham, 1959; Keyes, 1972;
Powell, 1941.

Lea, I. —Abbott, 1955; Campbell & Campbell, 1986; R.I.
Johnson, 1974a; R.I. Johnson & Baker, 1973; Richards
& Old, 1969; Verdcourt, 1984b.

Leach, WE. — Wilkins, 1952, 1953b, 1957.

Leloup, E. — Belloc, 1959.

Leme, J. — Olazarri, et al., 1972.

Letoumeux, A. — Couffon & Surrault, 1905.

Leymerie, A. — Astre, 1950.

Lightfoot, J. —Kohn, 1964; Rehder, 1967.

Lindholm, WA. —Counts, 1989.

Lindstrom, G. — Kilias, 1961.

Link, H.F. —Kohn, 1981.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 177

Linnaeus, C. — Cemohorsky, 1969a; Dance, 1967; Dodge,
1952- 1959b; Gage & Steam, 1988; Hanley, 1855;
Holm, 1957; Jackson, 1913; Kabat, 1990; Kennard &
Woodward, 1920; Kohn, 1963, 1991; Nelson & Pain,
1986; Odhner, 1953; Olsson & Dance, 1966; Salisbury
& Woodward, 1926; Schenck, 1935; F.A. Schilder,
1966; Talmadge, 1977; Wallin, 1991b.

Lipps, J.H. —Wilson & Bing, 1970.

Lister, M. — Wilkins, 1952, 1953b.

Locard, A. — Boury, 1909, 1917; Germain, 1905; Joubin,
1905.

Loosjes, F.E. — Knipper, 1954.

Loriol, P. de — Berset, 1985, 1986; Berset & Benier, 1989;
Berset & Decrouez, 1989; Decrouez & Kunz, 1985;
Wannier & Panchaud, 1977.

Lowe, H.N. —Hertz, 1986.

Lowe, R.T. —Watson, 1876.

Lozek, V. — Okali, 1984.

Lubomirski, P.L. — Kilias, 1974b.

Ludbrook, N.H. — Zeidler & Macphail, 1978.

Lycett, J. — Pyrah, 1978.

Lyonet, P. — Seters, 1962.

Mabille, J. — Hanna & Smith, 1968.

Macpherson, J.H. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Wells, 1977.

Maltzan, H. von —Adam, 1976; Kilias & Kilias, 1982.

Mandahl-Barth, G. — Anonymous, 1958.

Marcus, E. & E. du B.-R. — Breure, 1973a.

Marrat, P.P. —Adam, 1976; Ford, 1953; McMillan, 1985;
Tomlin, 1913.

Marsh, WA. —R.I. Johnson, 1975b, 1979.

Marshall, B.A. —Dawson, 1979.

Marshall, P. — Keyes, 1972.

Marshall, WB. — R.L Johnson, 1974b.

Martens, E. von — Habe, 1982; Kabat & Kilias, 1991;
Kilias, 196 1-1 974c; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Schouteden,
1936; Thome, 1972; Verdcourt, 1984a, 1988a-1990a.

Martin, K. — Shuto, 1974, 1978.

Marwick, J. —Allan, 1938; Boreham, 1959; Fleming, 1966;

178 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Keyes, 1971, 1972; Powell, 1941.
Massy, A.L. — Thomson [in prep.].
Mat±ieron, P. — Bulot, 1991; Bulot & Autran, 1990; Conte,

1989; Delanoy & Bulot, 1991; Fabre, 1942; Moulet,

1989; Paulus, et al, 1951.
Matsumuto, T. — Hayami & Kase, 1977.
Matthew, G.F. —Miller, 1988.
May, W.L. —Green, 1974; Hewish & Gowlett-Hohnes,

1991; Loch, ms. 7; Ludbrook, 1967; Macphail &

Zeidler, 1977-1978; Mienis, 1976a; E. Turner &

Dartnall, 1971.
Mayer-Eymar, K. — Gerber, 1937; Jung, 1972; Kleemann,

1981.
Maynard, C.J. — R.D. Turner, 1957.
Mazyck, W.G. —Clench, 1967.
McCoy, F. —Baldwin-Spencer, 1901; Kenyon, 1899, 1902;

Lu, 1983.
McLean, J.H. — Sphon, 1971.
McMichael, D.F. — Loch, ms. 8.
Meek, F.B. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.]; Hansman &

Scott, 1967; Leary, 1972; Schuchert, 1905; Wilson,

1967.
Melvill, J.C. — Anonymous, 1962; Cemohorsky, 1969c;

Kilias, 1961, 1971; McMillan, 1957; Mienis, 1976a,

1976d; Trew, 1987b, 1991; Trew & Oliver, 1980;

Smaldon, et al, 1976; Thomson [in prep.].
Menke, K.T. — Kohn, 1988.
Meyer, W.T. —Slack-Smith, 1983; Wells, 1977.
Michaud, G. — Locard, 1890.
Mighels, J.W — R.L Johnson, 1949; Kilias, 1969.
Miller, S.A. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.].
Mojsisovics, E. von. — Tatzreiter, 1982; 1986.
Mol, J.J. van. —Richard, 1980.
Mollendorff, O.F. von — Habe, 1982; Kilias, 1971-1974c;

Knipper, 1954.
Moller, H.P.C. — Schiotte & Waren, 1992.
Montagu, G. — Brind, 1979; Dean, 1936; Jeffreys, 1879.
Monterosato, T.A. di —Mienis, 1976a; 1981; Piani, 1983;

Wagner, 1985.
Montrouzier, R.P. — Magne, 1950b.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 179

Moore, C. — Winwood and Wilson, 1892.

Morch, O.A.L. —Keen, 1966c-d; Sparck, 1951.

Morelet, A. — Chevalier & Pothier, 1972; Fischer-Piette,

1950; Fulton, 1920; R.I. Johnson, 1971; Schouteden,

1936.
Morlet, L. —Peck, 1957; Roger, 1950.
Morris, J. — Pyrah, 1978.

Morrison, J.P.E. — Baker, 1964; Rosewater, 1984a.
Morse, E.S. — Champion, 1947.
Morton, S.G. — C.W. Johnson, 1905.
Mount, J.D. —Wilson & Bing, 1970.
Mousson, A. — Breure, 1976b; Couffon & Surrault, 1905;

Kilias, 1963, 1969, 1971, 1974c.
Miihlfeld, M. von — Kohn, 1986.
Miiller, O.F. — Kennard & Woodward, 1926; Sparck,

1951.
Miinster, G. — Anderson, 1962.
Murdoch, R. —Hamilton, 1906; Keyes, 1972; Speight,

1913.

Nagele, G. —Kilias, 1971, 1974b; Zilch, 1964b.

Nevill, G. —Kilias, 1967a, 1971, 1974a; Rajagopal &

Mitra, 1978; Thomson [in prep.].
Newcomb, W. —Clarke, 1960; Kilias, 1969; Roth, 1988.
Newell, F.H. — Cushman, 1907; Eng & d'Escrivan [in

prep.].
Nicholson, H.A. —Benton, 1979.
Niebuhr, C. — Yaron, et al., 1986.
Nordsieck, F. — R. Janssen, 1988.
Nordsieck, H. —Pinter, 1982.
Nowell-Usticke, G.W — Faber, 1988.
Nyst, H. — Leloup, 1950.

Oberling, J.-J. — Moolenbeek, et al^ 1991.

Odhner, N.H. — Sandberg & Waren [in prep.]; Thome,

1984.
O'Gorman, G. — Magne, 1950a.
Old, WE. —Wells, 1977.

180 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Oldroyd, I.S. — Coan & Kellogg, 1990.

Oldroyd, T.S. —Coan & Kellogg, 1990; Wilson & Bing,

1970.
Oliver, W.R.B. —Allan, 1938.
Olivi, G. — Kohn, 1968.
Olivier, A.G. — Tillier & Mordan, 1983.
Orcutt, C.R. —Coan, 1966b; Mount, 1973a.
Ortmann, A.E. — R.I. Johnson, 1977b.
Orton, J.H. — R.D. Turner, 1962.

Pace, S. — Thomson [in prep.].

Pallary, P. — Fischer & Fischer, 1946.

Palmer, K.V.W. — Shaak, 1980.

Park, J. —Allan, 1938.

Parona, C.F. — Roman, 1937.

Pease, W.H. — Cemohorsky, 1987; Hartman, 1881; Johnson

[in prep.]; Kawamoto [in prep.]; Kay, 1965; Kay &

Clench, 1975; Kilias, 1969; Robertson, et al, 1986;

H.H. Smith, 1902.
Peile, A.J. —Kilias, 1969.

Pelseneer, P. —Adam & Leloup, 1947; Leloup, 1950.
Pennant, T. — E.A. Smith, 1913.
Peron, F. —Kohn, 1981; Lamy, 1923; Roger, 1950.
Perry, G. —Kohn, 1986; Petit & Le Renard, 1990; Wilkins,

1957.
Petit de la Saussaye, S. — Breure, 1976a; Fischer-Piette,

1950; Benthem Jutting, 1939a.
Petiver, J. —Wilkins, 1952, 1953b.
Petterd, WF. —Green, 1974; Loch, ms. 9; E. Turner &

Dartnall, 1971.
Peyrot, A. — Magne, 1950a, 1966, 1967.
Pfeiffer, L. —Crowley & Pain, 1961; Jacobson, 1975;

Kilias, 1961, 1974a, 1974c; Kilias & Kilias, 1982;

Kuiper, 1967; Richards & Old, 1969; Roth, 1982;

Benthem Jutting, 1939a; Zilch, 1972a.
Philippi, R.A. — Frassinetti, 1974; Kabat & Kilias, 1991;

Kilias, 1974c; Perez & Reyes, 1989.
Philipps, J. — Howarth, 1962; Pyrah, 1977, 1978; Stubble-
field, 1938.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 181

Pictet, F.-J. — Bechon, et al., 1984, 1985a, 1985b; Berset,
1985; Berset & Benier, 1989; Decrouez, 1985-1987.

Piette, E. — J.C. Fischer, 1957; P.-H. Fischer, 1967.

Pilsbry, H.A. — Anonymous, 1962; Clench & Turner,
1962; Cooke, 1918; Davis, et al., 1979; Baker,
1962-1964; Kilias, 1974b; Kilias & Kilias, 1982;
Mount, 1973a; Richards & Old, 1969; Richardson, et
al, 1991; Robertson, et al, 1981-1987; Schouteden,
1936; Thome, 1988c; Wu & Brandauer, 1982.

Pinter, L. —Pinter, 1982.

Pirajno, E. — Giannuzzi-Savelli, et al, 1986.

Plate, L. —Kilias, 1974a.

Poey, F. — Boss & Jacobson, 1975; Jacobson, 1975.

Pohl, E.R. — Munthe, 1980.

Poli, G. — Kohn, 1988.

Ponder, W.F. —Dawson, 1979; Loch, ms. 10; Wells, 1977.

Ponsonby, J.H. —Anonymous, 1962; Kilias, 1961, 1969,
1971.

Popova, S.M. —Counts, 1989.

Portlock, J.E. — Tunnicliff, 1980.

Powell, A.W.B. —Allan, 1938; Boreham, 1959; Cer-
nohorsky, 1988; Dawson, 1979; Powell, 1941, 1949.

Prashad, B. — Thomson [in prep.].

Preston, H.B. — Adam, 1971; Anonymous, 1958; Cer-
nohorsky, 1969b; Kilias, 1961, 1963, 1967a, 1967b,
1969, 1971, 1974a; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Kuiper,
1967; Mienis, 1972, 1974, 1976d, 1977; Schouteden,
1936, 1943; Verdcourt, 1982, 1990b.

Prime, T. —Counts, 1991; R.I. Johnson, 1959a.

Pritchard, G.B. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Singleton, 1945.

Quenstedt, F.A. — Hardetert & Riegraf, 1990; Nitsch,
1990.

Radoman, P. — ^Jovanovic, 1991.

Rafinesque, C.S. — R.I. Johnson, 1973a; R.I. Johnson &

Baker, 1973; Vanatta, 1915.
Raincourt, J.B.P. — Boury, 1884.

182 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Rang, P.C.A.L. —Gray, 1855b.

Rao, P. —James, 1969.

Raymond, WJ. — A.G. Smith and Emerson, 1955.

Recluz, C. — Fischer-Piette, 1950; Kabat & Finet, 1992;

Mermod, 1950a.
Reeve, L.A. —Baker, 1964; Bishop & Way, 1976; Cer-

nohorsky, 1969c; Deli, 1963; Fleming, 1951; R.I.

Johnson, 1971; Kay, 1969; Tomlin, 1932b. 1934;

Trew, 1991; Wagner, 1982, 1985; Wilkins, 1953c.
Rehder, H.A. —Wells, 1977.
Reinhardt, O. — Kilias, 1969, 1974a.
Rensch, B. —Kilias, 1963, 1967a, 1969, 1971, 1974c;

Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Somadikarta, et ai, 1964.
Rensch, I. —Kilias, 1967a, 1969; Kilias & Kilias, 1982.
Requien, E. — Conte, 1989; Moulet, 1989.
Reuss, A.E. — A.W. Janssen, 1984.

Reynes, P. — Delanoy & Bulot, 1991; Paulus, et al., 1951.
Rhoads, S.N. —Baker, 1964.
Richards, H.G. — Shaak, 1980.
Rigaux, E. — J.-C. Fischer & Vadet, 1985.
Risso, A. — Amaud, 1978; Caziot, 1919; Chevallier, 1976;

Kohn, 1988.
Rochebrune, A.T. de — Ashby, 1922; Schouteden, 1936.
Roding, P.F. — Cemohorsky, 1974; Kohn, 1975.
Rogers, J. — Cushman, 1907.
Rolle, F. —A.W. Janssen, 1984; Kilias, 1974b.
Rosen, H.O. —Kilias, 1971.

Rossmassler, E.A. —Kilias, 1969, 1971, 1974b, 1974c.
Roth, J.R. —Kilias, 1974b; Kilias «& Kilias, 1982.
Rowell, J. — Coan, 1989a; Hanna & Smith, 1932.
Rudman, WB. — Loch, ms. 11.
Ruppell, E. — Schafer, 1938.
Russell, H.D. —Boss, 1987.

Sacco, F. — Ferrero-Mortara, et aL, 1982; 1984.
Saemann, L. — Eng &. d'Escrivan [in prep.].
Salis Marschlins, C.U. von — Kohn, 1975.
Salter, J.W. — Bassett, 1972; North, 1928; Stubblefield,
1938.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 183

Sandberger, F. & G. — Schondorf, 1907, 1908.

Sarasin, P. & F. — Gerber, 1937; Kilias, 1963.

Sasaki, M. — Roper & Sweeney, 1978.

Sauvage, H.E. — J.-C. Fischer & Vadet, 1985.

Say, T. —Abbott, 1955; R.I. Johnson & Baker, 1973;
Newton, 1902; Ward & Germon, 1988.

Scarabino, V. — Olazarri, et ai, 1972.

Schepman, M.M. — Nieuwenhuis, 1990; Shuto, 1970a-
1971.

Schilder, F.A. — Kilias, 1973; F.A. Schilder, 1958; M.
Schilder, 1971.

SchHckum, R. —Zilch, 1981a.

Schlotheim, E.F. von — Kohn, 1986.

Schmacker, B. —Kilias, 1974b; Knipper, 1954.

Schmidt, A. —Kilias, 1974b, 1974c.

Schreter, Z. — Krolopp, 1980.

Schroter, J.S. — FrieB, 1978; Kohn, 1981.

Schubert, G.H. —Kohn, 1988.

Schumacher, C.F. — Cemohorsky, 1974.

Schiitt, H. —Pinter, 1982.

Schwengel, J.S. —Baker, 1964.

Semper, C. —Thome, 1969a, 1972, 1973, 1988b.

Semper, O. —Kilias, 1969.

Shikama, T. — Matsukuma & Okutani, 1986.

Shumard, B.F. —Trumbull, 1958.

Simpson, C.T. —Bayer, 1948; R.I. Johnson, 1975c.

Simpson, M. — Buckman, 1909-1930; Howarth, 1962.

Simroth, H. —Kilias, 1974a; Thome, 1969b, 1970a, 1972,
1979; Verdcourt, 1988a-1989.

Singleton, F.A. — Singleton, 1945.

Smith, A.G. —Kellogg, 1986; Peden & Green, 1982.

Smith, E.A. — Anonymous, 1962; Cemohorsky, 1969c;
Dell, 1963; Fleming, 1951; Kilbum, 1973; Kilias,
1961, 1967a, 1969; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Mienis,
1976a; Okutani, 1976; Pain, 1951; Schouteden, 1936;
Thomson [in prep.]; Trew, 1991; Verdcourt, 1983a,
1983c, 1984b; Wells, 1977; Wilkins, 1953c.

Smith, M. — Franz & Thompson, 1974.

Smith, S. —R.I. Johnson, 1989.

184 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Solander, D.C. — Kohn, 1964; Rehder, 1967; Wilkins,

1955.
Soos, L. — Kilias, 1975; Krolopp, 1980.
Souleyet, L.F.A. —Gray, 1855b.
Souverbie, St.-M. — Fischer-Piette, 1950; Magne, 1950b;

Moolenbeek, 1991; Strack, 1986.
Sowerby, G.B. —Baker, 1964; Bishop & Way, 1976;

Cemohorsky, 1969c; Giles & Gosliner, 1983; R.I.

Johnson, 1971; Kay, 1969; Kilbum, 1973; Kohn,

1988; Pain, 1949; Thomson [in prep.]; Wagner,

1982-1983; Wilkins, 1953c. [Note: there were three

authors of this name] .
Sowerby, J. — Cleevely, 1974; Kohn, 1988; Powell &

Edmonds, 1976; Pyrah, 1977; Woodward, 1908.
Sowerby, J. de C. —Cleevely, 1974; Crick, 1917.
Spaink, G. — Pouwer, 1991.
Spath, L.-F. — Paulus, et al, 1951.

Spengler, L. —Haas, 1913; Morch, 1870; Sparck, 1951.
Spix, J.B.v. — Fechter, 1983a, 1983b.
Standen, R. — Smaldon, et al.^ 1976.
Stabile, J. — Kilias, 1974c.
Starobogatov, Ya.I. — Counts, 1989.
Steams, R.E.C. —Baker, 1964; Thome & Pitoni, 1976.
Steenstrup, J. — ICristensen & Knudsen, 1983.
Stefani, C. de — Kilias, 1967a.

Sterki, V. —R.I. Johnson, 1959a; Wu & Brandauer, 1982.
Stimpson, W —Baker, 1964.
Strebel, H. —Thome, 1969b.
Streng, L.H. —Baker, 1964.
Stuardo, J. — Cekalovic & Artigas, 1981a.
Studer, S. — Forcart, 1957.
Sturany, R. —Kilias, 1969.
Suter, H. —Allan, 1938; Boreham, 1959; Hamilton, 1906;

Keyes, 1972; Kilias, 1967b; Speight, 1913.
Sutherland, J.A. —Wilson & Bing, 1970.
Swainson, W. —Kohn, 1988; McMillan, 1980; Wilkins,

1951, 1957.
Sykes, E.R. —Cemohorsky, 1969c; Cooke, 1918; Habe,

1984a; Kilias, 1969, 1974b; Rees, 1954; B.J. Smith &

Robertson, 1970.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 185

Taki, I. — Harada, 1991.

Tapparone Canefri, C. — Benthem Jutting, 1962.

Targioni Tozzetti, A. — Borri, et al., 1985, 1989.

Tate, R. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Green, 1974; Hewish &

Gowlett-Holmes, 1991; Loch, ms. 12; Ludbrook,

1959, 1961, 1965, 1967; Macphail & Zeidler, 1978;

E. Turner & Dartnall, 1971.
Taylor, J.W. —Fulton, 1917; Verdcourt, 1981.
Teichert, C. — Singleton, 1945.
Tenison- Woods, J.E. — Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Cemohorsky,

1969c; Green, 1974; Hardy, 1915; Loch, ms. 13;

Ludbrook, 1967; Macphail & Zeidler, 1978; May,

1903; E. Turner & Dartnall, 1971.
Thiele, J. —Boss, 1970; Cemohorsky, 1969c; Kabat &

Kilias, 1991; Kilias, 1961, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1974a;

Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Ponder, 1978; Thome, 1969b,

1972; Verdcourt, 1984a, 1988a-1989; Wells, 1977;

Zilch, 1971c.
Thompson, E.G. — Eranz & Thompson, 1974.
Thomson, J. A. — Speight, 1913.
Thurmann, J. — Wannier & Panchaud, 1977.
Till, A. — Decrouez, 1986a.
Tomlin, J.R. le B. — Anonymous, 1962; Bruggen, 1963;

Giles & Gosliner, 1983; Trew, 1990b; Trew & Oliver,

1980; Wells, 1977.
Torr, WC. —Gowlett-Holmes & McHenry, 1988; Wells,

1977.
Torre, D.C. de la — Aguayo & Jaume, 1950.
Toula, E. — Tichy, 1970.
Toumefort, J.P. de — Lamy, 1928.
Tristram, H.B. — Peile, 1936.
Troschel, E.H. —Kilias, 1961.
Trovao, H.E.M. —Richard, 1980.
Tryon, G.W. —Baker, 1962-1964.
Turner, R.D. —Baker, 1964.
Turton, W. —Davis, 1965; Waren, 1983.

186 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Ulrich, E.O. — Munthe, 1980.
Usticke: see Nowell-Usticke.
Utterback, W.I. —R.I. Johnson, 1969a.

Valenciennes, A. — Lamy, 1915c, 1921a.

Vanatta, E.G. —Baker, 1962-1964; Olazarri, et al, 1972.

Vanderschalie, H. — R.I. Johnson, 1979.

Varga, A. —Pinter, 1982.

Vayssiere, A. — Amaud, 1977.

Verco, J.C. —Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Zeidler, 1983; Zeidler

& Macphail, 1978.
Verdcourt, B. — Anonymous, 1958, 1962.
Verrill, A.E. —R.I. Johnson, 1989; Roper & Sweeney,

1978.
Verrill, A.H. —R.I. Johnson, 1989.
Vibraye, P. de —Roger, 1950.
Vignard, M. — Kohn, 1988.
Villa, A. & G. — Kilias, 1967b, 1969.
Villarroel, M. — Cekalovic & Artigas, 1981a.
Vokes, E. —Wells, 1977.
Voorthuysen, J.H. van — Pouwer, 1991.
Voss, G.L. — Roper & Sweeney, 1978.

Waagen, L. — Tichy, 1970.

Wagner, A.J. —Kilias, 1974c.

Wagner, J.A. —Kohn, 1988.

Wahlenberg, G. — Reyment, 1974, 1976.

Walker, B. —Anonymous, 1962; R.I. Johnson, 1979.

Wallenberg, C. von —Kilias, 1969.

Watson, R.B. — Anonymous, 1962; Cemohorsky, 1969c;

Dell, 1963; Fleming, 1951; Mienis, 1976a; Trew,

1991.
Weaver, C.E. —Mount, 1973b.
Weaver, C.S. —Wells, 1977.
Webb, P.B. —Watson, 1876.
Webster, WH. —Hamilton, 1906.
Wenz, W. —Zilch, 1987c.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 187

Westerlund, C.A. — Habe, 1984a; Kilias, 1967a-1974c;

Thome, 1984.
Weyrauch, W.K. — Kilias, 1974b.
Whidbome, G.F. —Jukes-Browne & Else, 1907.
Whitfield, R.P. —Chubb, 1955; Peck & McFarland, 1954;

Whitfield, 1899.
Willett, G. —Wilson & Bing, 1970; Sphon, 1971.
Williamson, M.B.W — Coan, 1989b.
Wilson, B.R. —Wells, 1977.
Winslow, M. — Burch, 1983.

Wood, S.V. —Bell, 1917; Leney, 1902; Pyrah, 1977, 1978.
Wood, W — Kohn, 1988.
Woodward, F.R. —Woodward, 1979.
Woodward, S.P. —Leney, 1902; Verdcourt, 1983d.
Wbolacott, L. — Iredale & Whitley, 1958.
Worthen, A.H. — Hansman & Scott, 1967; Kent, 1982;

Leary, 1972; Schuchert, 1905.
Wright, B.H. & S.H. —R.I. Johnson, 1967.

Yates, L.G. —Coan & Scott, 1990.

Yokoyama, M. — Oyama, 1973.

Young, G. — Buckman, 1909-1930; Howarth, 1962.

Young, J.A., Jr. — Eng & d'Escrivan [in prep.].

Zapfe, H. — Tichy, 1970.

Zilch, A. —Irish, 1985; Kilias, 1974b.

Zittel, K.A. — Flugel, 1959.

188 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

MUSEUMS INDEX

The following index provides a guide to those papers
referring specifically to the collections of various natural
history museums. It is arranged by continent, with the
countries listed alphabetically under each continent. The
museums are arranged alphabetically by city. For several
larger museums, we have divided the citations by Recent
vs. paleontological departments.

For the reader's convenience, we have provided the
address and standardized museums abbreviation (after
Leviton, et al., 1985; with some modifications and addi-
tions) for the museums included.

Directory:

1. Europe and Near East 188

2. Africa 213

3. Asia and Oceania 214

4. North America 220

5. South America 231

1. Europe and Near East.

AUSTRIA

Geologische Bundesanstalt
Rasumofskygasse 23
Postfach 154
A- 1031 Wien Austria

Sieber, 1961, 1963, 1973; Stojaspal, 1975, 1976;
Tatzreiter, 1982, 1986.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 189

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien [NMW]
Burgring 7, Postfach 417
A-1014 Wien Austria

Boeters, 1987; Brauer, 1878; Finet & Houart, 1989;
Fliigel, 1959; A.W. Janssen, 1984; Kohn, 1964, 1986;
Locard, 1895; Marston, 1968; Tichy, 1970; Verdcourt,
1985; Zilch, 1974.

BELGIUM

Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique [IRSNB]

Rue Vautier 29

B-1040 Bruxelles Belgium

(= Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurweten-
schappen)

Adam, 1971; Adam & Leloup, 1947; Cemohorsky,
1981; Leloup, 1950; Schilder & Schilder, 1952.

Musee Royal de TAMque Centrale [MRAC]
B-3080 Tervuren Belgium

(= Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika)

[formeriy Musee du Congo Beige]

Darteville, 1951; Lepersonne, 1975; Schouteden, 1936,
1943.

CROATIA

Geologsko-paleontoloski Musej
Hrvatski prirodoslovni Musej
Demetrova 1
41000 Zagreb Croatia

(= Croatian Natural History Museum)

Milan, et al, 1974; Zagar-Sakac, 1981.

190 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Slovenske Narodne Museu [SNMB]

Prirodoveny listav

Vajanskeho 2

814 36 Bratislava Czechoslovakia

Okali, 1984.

Narodniho Museo [MNHP]
Vaclavske namesti 1700
Praha 1 Czechoslovakia

Kroupa, 1989; Ruzicka & Prand, 1960.

DENMARK

Zoologisk Museum [ZMUC]

Universitetsparken 15

DK 2100 Kobenhavn 0 Denmark

Bruun, 1945; Cemohorsky, 1974; Haas, 1913; Habe,
1983; Keen, 1966c, 1966d; Kennard & Woodward,
1926; Kohn, 1964, 1976; Kristensen & Knudsen,
1983; Morch, 1870; Schiotte & Waren, 1992; Sparck,
1951; Thome, 1973, 1988b; Yaron, et al, 1986.

FRANCE

General paleontological: see Prieur, 1980.

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle
Logis Barrault
rue du Musee
48000 Angers France

Couffon and Surrault, 1909.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 191

Museum Requien
67 rue Joseph- Vemet
84000 Avignon France

Conte, 1989; Moulet, 1989.

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

Hotel de Ville

64100 Bayonne France

Kisch, 1960.

Musee de la Mer [MMB]
Esplanade du Rocher-de-la-Vierge
64200 Biarritz France

Kisch, 1960.

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle
2, place Bardineau
33000 Bordeaux France

Magne, 1950a, 1950b; Moolenbeek, 1991; Stelfox,
1922; Strack, 1986.

Departement de Geologic
Faculte des Sciences
Universite de Bordeaux
33000 Bordeaux France

Magne, 1966-67.

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle

34 bis Grande Rue

62200 Boulogne-sur-mer France

Dupuy, et al., 1989; J.-C. Fischer & Vadet, 1985.

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Caen

Bigot, 1906-1945; Bigot & Matte, 1902-1905; Lamy,
1906 [destroyed in World War II].

192 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle
2 Avenue de Lyon
73000 Chambery France

Locard, 1890^ Roman, 1937.

Institut de Geologie

Departement des Sciences de la Terre

Universite de Lyon 1

43 Boulevard du 1 1 Novembre

69622 Villeurbanne Lyon France

Chevalier, 1971; David, 1963; J.-C. Fischer, 1957;
P.-H. Fischer, 1951-1970; Mangold & Mongerau,
1966; Mongerau, 1965; Roman, 1935, 1937.

Musee Guimet d'Histoire Naturelle [MG]
28 Boulevard des Beiges
69006 Lyon France

Roman, 1937.

Musee d'Histoire Naturelle [MMNH]
Palais de Longchamp
13004 Marseille France

Amaud, 1977; Bulot, 1991; Bulot & Autran, 1990;
Couturier, 1903; Delanoy & Bulot, 1991; Fabre, 1942;
Paulus, er a/., 1951.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 193

Laboratoire Biologic Invertebres Marins et Malacologie
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle [MNHN]
55, rue de Buffon
75005 Paris France

Amaud, 1977, 1978; Ashby, 1922; Backhuys, 1990
Bouchet & Danrigal, 1982; Boury, 1909-1917; Bratcher
1977; Breure, 1976a; Caziot, 1919; Cemohorsky
1981; Chevallier, 1964-1976; Chevalier & Pothier
1972; Cottreau, 1925-32, 1934-37; Counts, 1991
Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1914; Ferussac, 1837; Fischer
& Fischer, 1945, 1946; Fischer-Piette, 1942-1952
Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder, 1943-1945; Fischer-Piette
& Lamy, 1943a-1943b; Folin, 1890; Germain, 1905
Forcart, 1952; Habe, 1953, 1978a, 1978c; Hanna &
Smith, 1968; Hoagland, 1983; Johnson, 1952-1953
1969b, 1973a; Joubin, 1905; Kabat & Finet, 1992
Kisch, 1959a, 1959b, 1960; Kohn, 1981; Lamy, 1904
1911-1942; Lamy & Fischer-Piette, 1937a-1939f; Loch
mss. 10, 11; Metivier, 1982; Oliveira & Oliveira, 1984
Pallary, 1932; Petit & Le Renard, 1990; Richard
1980; Roger, 1950; Roth & Clover, 1973; F.A
Schilder, 1930; Sowerby, 1909; Strack, 1986; Thevenin;
1906-23; Thome, 1971; A. Tillier, 1979; S. Tillier &
Mordan, 1983; Verdcourt, 1986; Villiers, 1956; Wag-
ner, 1985; Wheeler, 1963.

Ecole des Mines: now housed in the Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [Recent moUusks (Bratcher,
1977)] and in the Institut de Geologic, Departement
des Sciences de la Terre, Univcrsite de Lyon [fossil
mollusks Q.-C. Fischer, 1957; P.-H. Fischer, 1951-
1970)].

Museum de Rouen
198, rue Beauvoisine
76000 Rouen France

Fouray, 1979.

194 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle [MHNT]
Jardin des Plantes
35, allee Jules Guerde
31000 Toulouse France

Astre, 1921, 1950.

GERMANY

Zoologisches Museum [ZMB]

Museum fiiir Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat

InvalidenstraBe 43

D-O-1040 Berlin Germany

Adam, 1976; Boss, 1970; Counts, 1991; Dietrich,
1960; Kabat & Kilias, 1991; Kilias, 1961-1974c; Kilias
& Kilias, 1982; Kohn, 1986; Ponder, 1978; F.A.
Schilder, 1958; M. Schilder, 1971; Solem, 1967;
Thome, 1972; Verdcourt, 1984a, 1988a- 1990a; Knorre
& Kilias, 1986; Zilch, 1971c.

Geologische-Palaontologisches Institut der Universitat
Palaontologisches Museum und Institut
Regina-Pacis-Weg 3
D-W-5300 Bonn Germany

H.-J. Anderson, 1962.

Ubersee Museum [UMB]
Bahnhofsplatz 13
D-W-2800 Bremen Germany

Knipper, 1954, 1958.

Naturwissenschaftliches Museum

Park 6

D-W-8630 Coburg Germany

Kom, 1983.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 195

Staatliches Museum ftir Mineralogie und Geologic

Augustusstrafie 2

D-O-8010 Dresden Germany

Prescher, 1970.

Lobbecke Museum & Aquarium [LMA]

Speldorfer StraBe 9

D-W-4000 Diisseldorf Germany

Kobelt, 1904.

Natur-Museum Senckenberg [SMF]
Senckenberganlage 25
D-W-6000 Frankfurt 1 Germany

Counts, 1991; Habe, 1982; R. Janssen, 1988; Kaiser,
1980; Kinkelin, 1903; Kuiper, 1967; Oliveira &
Oliveira, 1984; Schafer, 1938; Solem, 1967; Thome,
1969b; Yen, 1939; Zilch, 1934-1987c.

Bergakademie Freiberg
Sektion Geowissenschaften
Gustav-Zeuner-StraBe 12
D-O-9200 Freiberg Germany

Jordan, et al.j, 1976.

Museum der Natur [MNG]

Parkallee 15

D-O-5800 Gotha Germany

Kohn, 1975, 1981.

Zoologisches Museum der Universitat [ZMUG]

Berliner StraCe 28

D-W-3400 Gottingen Germany

Thome, 1970a.

196 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologisches Museum

Bomplatz 5

D-W-2000 Hamburg Germany

Kaiser, 1980j Panning, 1955-1958.

Zoologisches Museum der Universitat [ZMUK]
HegewischstraBe 3
D-W-2300 Kiel Germany

Thome, 19769a.

Kulturhistorisches Museum [KHMM]
Otto-von-Guericke-Stral5e 68-73
D-O-3010 Magdeburg Germany

Weyer, 1984.

Bayerisches Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und Historis-

che Geologie
Richard- Wagner-StraBe 10/11
D-W-8000 Munchen 2 Germany

H.-J. Anderson, 1962; Falkner, 1982.

Zoologische Staatssammlung [ZSM]
MiinchhausenstraBe 21
D-W-8000 Munchen 60 Germany

Fechter, 1982, 1983a, 1983b; Verdcourt, 1970; Zilch,
1965c, 1971b.

Geologisch-Palaontologisch Institut
Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat
Gluenbecker Weg 61
D-W-4400 Munster Germany

Meiburg, et al, 1969.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 197

Naturkundemuseum Reutlingen
Spendhaus-StraBe-8
D-W-7410 Reutlingen Germany

Nitsch, 1990.

Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde [AINS]

SchloBpIatz 2

D-W-7000 Stuttgart 1 Germany

Janus, 1961.

Institut und Museum fur Geologie und Palaontologie

Universitat Tubingen

SigwartstraBe 10

D-W-7400 Tubingen 1 Germany

Hardetert & Riegraf, 1990.

Naturhistorischen Museum

RheinstraBe 10

D-W-6200 Wiesbaden Germany

Schondorf, 1907-1908.

GREAT BRITAIN

Geology Museum
18 Queen Square
Bath BAl 2HP England

Winwood & Wilson, 1892.

Booth Museum of Natural History

194 Dyke Road

Brighton BNl 5AA England

Cooper, in prep.; Crane, 1892-1893; Willett, 1871,

198 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

City of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery

Queen's Road

Bristol BS8 IRL England

Copp, 1985; Wilson, 1890.

Buxton Museum & Art Gallery

Terrace Road

Buxton, Derbyshire SKI 7 6DY England

Trew, 1987b.

University Museum of Zoology [UMZC]
Downing Street
Cambridge University
Cambridge CB2 3EQ England

Bishop & Way, 1976; Kay, 1969; Trew, 1987b.

Sedgwick Museum
Downing Street
Cambridge University
Cambridge CB2 3EQ England

Curtis, 1956; Salter, 1873; Woods, 1891, 1893.

National Museum of Wales

Cathays Park

Cardiff CFl 3NP Wales

(= Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru)

Department of Geology: Bassett, 1972; North, 1928.

Department of Zoology [NMWZ]: Blake & Oliver,
1981-1 982b; Lingwood & McMillan, 1982; Loch, ms.
10; Meecham, 1987a- 1989; Oliver, 198 la- 1987b;
Thomas & Oliver, 1982; Trew, 1982-1991; Trew &
Oliver, 1980-1981b; Verdcourt, 1990b.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 199

Institute of Geological Sciences
Murchison House,
West Mains Road,
Edinburgh EH9 Scotland

E.M. Anderson, 1936 [formerly in Royal Scottish
Museum] .

Royal Scottish Museum [RSM]

Chambers Street

Edinburgh EHl IJF Scotland

Benton, 1979; Heppell & Smith, 1983; Smaldon, et al,
1976; Trew, 1987b.

Royal Albert Memorial Museum and Art Gallery [RAMM]

Queen Street

Exeter, Devon EX4 3RX England

Brind, 1979; Dean, 1936; Jeffreys, 1879.

Hunterian Museum
University of Glasgow
Department of Geology
Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland

Currie & George, 1963; Rolfe, et ai, 1981.

Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum

Natural History

Kelvingrove

Glasgow G3 8AG Scotland

Rolfe, et al., 1981.

Ipswich Museum

High Street

Ipswich IPl 3QH England

Bell, 1917.

200 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

British Geological Survey

Keyworth, Nottinghamshire NG12 56Q England

[Institute of Geological Sciencesj = Geological Survey
Museum]

Allen, 1900-1916; Blake, 1902; Clark, 1982; Curtis,
1965; Kennard, 1944; Moore, et al, 1991; Stubble-
field, 1936, 1938.

Department of Geology

Leicester Museum and Art Gallery

New Walk

Leicester LEI 6TD England

Sizer, 1962.

Merseyside County Museum [LIVCM]

William Brown Street

Liverpool, Merseyside L3 8EN England

[formerly Liverpool Museum]

Adam, 1976; Cemohorsky, 1975; Ford, 1953, 1954;
Greenwood, 1980; McMillan, 1957, 1985; P.W Phil-
lips, 1976; Tomlin, 1913, 1940; Trew, 1987b;
Verdcourt, 1982.

Geological Survey Museum; Institute of Geological Science:
see under Edinburgh & Keyworth [Moore, et al.,
1991].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 201

The Natural History Museum [BMNH]

Cromwell Road

London SW7 5BD England

[formerly British Museum (Natural History)]

A. MoUusca Section: Baird, 1850; Brann, 1966;
Carpenter, 1857; Cemohorsky, 1969c, 1975, 1977,
1987; Counts, 1991; Crowley & Pain, 1961; Dell,
1963; Deshayes, 1853-1855; Finet & Houart, 1989;
Fleming, 1951; Fulton, 1908, 1917, 1920; Gray,
1849-1865; Habe, 1961, 1977c, 1984a, 1985; Hedley,
1913; Jacobson & Boss, 1973; Johnson, 1971; Kay,
1965; Kay & Clench, 1975; Keen, 1966a, 1966b,
1966d, 1968; Kisch, 1959a, 1960; Kohn, 1964, 1988;
Lingwood & McMillan, 1981; Loch, mss. 10, 11;
Makiyama, 1929; Meco, 1975; Naggs, in press;
Natsukari & Okutani, 1975; Newton, 1902; Okutani,
1976; Oliveira & Oliveira, 1984; Pain, 1949, 1951;
Palmer, 1958, 1963; Peile, 1936; Pfeiffer, 1853-1857;
Pons da Silva & Davis, 1983; Rees, 1954; Roth, 1982;
F.A. Schilder, 1930; Shuto, 1975; E.A. Smith, 1897,
1906, 1913; Solem, 1967; Stevenson, 1972; Thome,
1979, 1985, 1988a; Thomson [in prep.]; A. Tillier,
1979; Tomlin, 1932a, 1932b, 1934; Trew, 1987b,
1992; Verdcourt, 1979a-1981, 1983a- 1984b; Wagner,
1982-1985; Waren, 1980; Watson, 1876; Wilkins,
1951-1957; Yen, 1942.

B. Palaeontology: Cleevely, 1974; Cooper [in prep.];
Cox, 1956; Crick, 1898-1922; Curtis, 1956; Newton,
1891; Palmer & Brann, 1965-1966; Petit & Le
Renard, 1990; D. Phillips, 1977-1987; Tozer, 1990;
Woodward, 1908.

202 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Linnean Society of London [LS]

Burlington House

Piccadilly

London WIV OLQ England

Cemohorsky, 1969a; Dance, 1967; Dodge, 1952-
1959b; Gage & Steam, 1988; Hanley, 1855; B.D.
Jackson, 1913; Kabat, 1990; Kennard & Woodward,
1920; Kohn, 1963; Nelson & Pain, 1986; Olsson &
Dance, 1967; Salisbury & Woodward, 1926; Schenck,
1935; F.A. Schilder, 1966; Talmadge, 1977.

Manchester Museum [MM]

The University

Oxford Road

Manchester Ml 3 9PL England

Bolton, 1892, 1894; Eagar & Preece, 1977; J.W.
Jackson, 1952; McMillan, 1980; Trew, 1987b.

Hancock Museum

University of Newcastle Upon Tyne

Barras Bridge

Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, NE2 4PT England

Hedley, 1913; Woodward, 1979.

Norwich Castle Museum
Norwich NRl 3JU England

Leney, 1902.

Oxford University Museum [OUM]

Parks Road

Oxford OXl 3PW England

Palmer & Brann, 1965-1966; H.P. Powell & Ed-
monds, 1976.

Sheffield City Museum

Weston Park

Sheffield SIO 2TP England

Riley, 1974.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 203

Shrewsbury Museum

Clive House

College Hill

Shrewsbury SYl ILZ England

Trew, 1987b.

Torquay Natural History Society Museum
529 Babbacombe Road
Torquay TQl IHG England

Jukes-Browne & Else, 1907.

Whitby Museum

Pannett Park

Whitby Y021 IRE England

Buckman, 1909-1930; Howarth, 1962.

Yorkshire Museum
Museum Gardens
York YOl 20R England

Melmore, 1945, 1946; Howarth, 1962; Mancenido &
Damborenea, 1978; Platnauer, 1891, 1894; Pyrah,
1977, 1978.

HUNGARY

Magyar Allami Foldtani Intezet

Nepstadion-ut 14

H-1 143 Budapest Hungary

(= Hungarian Geological Institute)

Boda, 1964; Krolopp, 1980.

Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum [TMB]

Baross utca 13

H-1 088 Budapest Hungary

(= Hungarian Museum of Natural History)

Boda, 1964; Kilias, 1975; Pinter, 1982.

204 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Matra Muzeum
Kossuth Lajos utca 40
H-3200 Gyongyos Hungary

Varga, 1983.

Janus Pannonius Muzeum
Termeszettudomanyi Kiallitas
Rakoszi utca 64
H-7622 Pecs Hungary

Fiikoh & Krolopp, 1989; Varga, 1989.

IRELAND

Geological Survey of Ireland
Beggars Bush,
Haddington Road
Dublin 4 Ireland

[Collections now mostly in the Institute of Geological
Sciences (Great Britain) and the National Museum of
Ireland] .

Cocks, 1976; Davies, 1975; McHenry & Watts, 1895;
Sleeman, 1992; Tunnicliff, 1976.

Geological Section
National Museum of Ireland
7-9 Merion Row
Dublin 2 Ireland

Monaghan, 1992.

Geology Museum
Department of Geology
Trinity College
Dublin 2 Ireland

Jackson, 1992; Nudds, 1982; 1988.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 205

University College

James Mitchell Geology Museum

Galway Ireland

Harper, 1992; Pattison, 1977.

ISRAEL

Museum [HUJ]

Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Mount Scopus

Jerusalem Israel

Ferber, 1985; Mienis, 1972-1985; F.A. Schilder,
1964; Trew, 1987b.

ITALY

General: see Soika, 1950.

Franziskaner-Gymnasium
Bolzano [= Bozen] Italy

Zilch, 1974.

Museo Zoologica "La Specola" [MZUF]
Universita di Firenze
Via Romana 17
50125 Firenze Italy

Borri, et al, 1985, 1989; Thielens, 1874.

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria" [MSNG]
Via Brigata Ligura 9
16121 Genoa Italy

Benthem Jutting, 1962; Capocaccia & Arbocco, 1963;
Gestro, 1926a, 1926b; Mienis, 1976c.

206 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale [MSNM]
Istituto di Paleontologia
Corso Venezia 55
20121 Milano Italy

Conci, 1966; Jeffreys, 1884; Kohn, 1986; Pinna, 1971;
Pinna & Spezia, 1975, 1978; Rinetti Schiroli, 1984;
Rossi-Ronchetti, 1952, 1955.

Museo Geologico R. Universita
Via Universita 4
41100 Modena Italy

Stefanini, et al.j, 1930.

Museo di Paleontologia
Universita di Napoli
Largo S. Marcellino
Naples Italy

Barbera Lamagna, 1968.

Museo Mandralisca
Via Mandralisca 15
Cafalu, Palermo Italy

Giannuzzi-Savelli, et al, 1986.

Museo di Paleontologia G.G. Gemellaro
Corso Tukory 131
90134 Palermo Italy

Gatto, 1984.

Univ. of Palermo: some collections now in Paleontological
Research Institution, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. [see
Palmer, 1945b].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 207

Museo e Istituto di Zoologia Sistematica
Via Giolitti 34
Torino Italy

Thome, 1970b.

Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia

Universita di Torino

Palazzo Carignanao

Via Accademia delle Scienze 5

10123 Torino Italy

Ferrero Mortara, el al, 1982, 1984; Kohn, 1986;
Pavia, 1976.

MONACO

Musee Oceanographique [MOM]

Avenue Saint-Martin

Monaco-Ville

MC 98000 Monaco

Amaud, 1977; Belloc, 1950-1962.

THE NETHERLANDS

General: see Engel, 1939, 1986.

Zoologisch Museum [ZMA]

Universiteit van Amsterdam

P.O. Box 4766

1009 AT Amsterdam The Netherlands

Altena, 1964; Benthem Jutting, 1939a, 1939b, 1950;
Breure, 1973a; Bruggen, 1977b; Coomans, 1981,
1991; Coomans & de Visser, 1987; Shuto, 1970a-
1971.

208 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Rijks Geologische Dienst Haarlem

P.O. Box 157

2000 AD Haarlem The Netherlands

Pouwer, 1991; Spaink, 1959.

Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum [RMNH]
Raamsteeg 2 / Postbus 9517
2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

[formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histoire]

C. Bayer, 1950; Benthem Jutting & Bruggen, 1972;
Bruggen, 1977a, 1977b; Trew, 1987b; Yamaguchi, et
al, 1987.

Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie

Hooglandse Kerkgracht 17

2312 RS Leiden The Netherlands

Shuto, 1974, 1978.

Natuurmuseum Rotterdam

P.O. Box 23452

3001 KL Rotterdam The Netherlands

Nieuwenhuis, 1990.

PORTUGAL

Centro de Zoologia

Instituto de Investiga^ao Cientifica Tropical

Rua da Junqueira, 14

1300 Lisboa Portugal

Bumay, 1989.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 209

ROMANIA

Sectiei de Istoria Naturala
Muzeului Brukenthal
Bulevardul Republicii 4-5
Sibiu Romania

Corocleanu, 1968.

RUSSIA

Zoological Museum [MMSU]
Moscow State University
ul. Gensena 6
Moscow Russia

Ivanov & Kantor, 1991; Kohn, 1981,

Central Siberian Geological Museum
Institute of Geology and Geophysics
Novosibirsk Russia

Besprozvannykh, 1987, 1989.

Zoological Insitute [ZIN]
Academy of Sciences
Universtetskaya Nab. 1
199164 St. Petersburg Russia

Counts, 1989.

210 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

CNIGR Museum

Ministry of Geology

pr. Sredni 72B

Vasilevskij Ostrov

199026 St. Petersburg Russia

(= Central Geological and Prospecting Museum)

Kohn, 1988; Malchevskaya, 1985; Malchevskaya &
Romanovskaya, 1966; Romanovskaya & Malchevskaya,
1971; Romanovskaya, et al., 1979.

SERBIA

Prirodnjacki Muzeja
Ulica Njegoseva 51
11000 Beograd Serbia

(= Museum of Natural History)

Jovanovic, 1991; Mihajlovic-Pavlovic, 1985; Milosevic,
1962.

SWEDEN

Zoologiska Museet [ZMUL]
Lund Universitet
S-221 01 Lund Sweden

Breure, 1973a.

Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet [SMNH or NRM]

Box 50007

S-104 05 Stockholm Sweden

Habe, 1984a; Loch, ms. 10; Odhner, 1950; Sandberg
& Waren, in prep; Thome, 1984.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 211

Paleontologiska Museet
Uppsala Universitet
Box 558
S-751 22 Uppsala Sweden

Reyment, 1973-1976.

Zoologiska Museet [ZMUU]
Uppsala Universitet
Villavagen 9
S-751 22 Uppsala Sweden

Dodge, 1952-1959b; Kabat, 1990; Kohn, 1963, 1991;

Odhner, 1953; WalUn, 1991a-1991b.

SWITZERLAND

Naturhistorisches Museum [NMB]
Augustinergasse 2
CH-4001 Basel Switzerland

Forcart, 1950; Greppin, 1903; Jung, 1972; Kleemann,

1981; Rutsch, 1937.

Naturhistorisches Museum [NMBE]

BemastraBe 15

CH-3005 Bern Switzerland

Gerber, 1936, 1937; Forcart, 1957; Moolenbeek, et

ai, 1991.

Progymnase

CH-2800 Delemont Switzerland

Wannier & Panchaud, 1977.

212 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle [MHNG]

Case postale 434

CH-1211 Geneve 6 Switzerland

A. Departement des invertebres: Binder, 1970; Brot,
1872; Cailliez, 1983; Cemohorsky, 1969b; Chris-
tiaensj 1968; Delessert, 1841; Dodge, 1946; Favre,
1943; Finer & Houart, 1989; Johnson, 1952-1953;
Rabat & Finet, 1992; Kohn, 1968, 1981, 1988; Lamy,
1915a; Mermod, 1947-1953; Mermod & Binder,
1963; Oliveira & Oliveira, 1984; Solem, 1967; Sow-
erby, 1909.

B. Departement des Paleontologie: Bechon, et al.,
1984- 1985b; Benier & Berset, 1989; Berset, 1986;
Berset & Benier, 1989; Berset & Decrouez, 1989-
1991b; Decrouez, 1985-1987; Decrouez & Kunz,
1985; Favre, 1918; Serret, 1986a- 1986b.

Institut de Geologic
Universite de Neuchatel
CH-2000 Neuchatel Switzerland

Jeannet, 1932.

Ecole Cantonale

CH-2900 Porrentruy Switzerland

Wannier & Panchaud, 1977.

Naturhistorisches Museum

WerkhofstraBe 30

CH-4500 Solothum Switzerland

Ledermann, 1967.

Zoologisches Museum [ZMZ]
Universitat Zurich
Winterthurerstrafie 190
CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

Breure, 1976a.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 213

UKRAINE

Zoological Museum
University of Lviv [= Lvov]
Lviv Ukraine

Zdun, 1969.

2. Africa.

General: see Anonymous, 1958, 1962.

KENYA

National Museum [NMK]
P.O. Box 40658
Nairobi Kenya

[formerly Coryndon Museum]

Anonymous, 1958, 1962.

NAMIBIA

Staatsmuseum [SMWN]
Leutwein Street
P.O. Box 1203
Windhoek 9100 Namibia

Irish, 1985.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

National Museum [NMBO]

P.O. Box 266

Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa

Anonymous, 1962.

214 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

South African Museum [SAFM]

Government Avenue

P.O. Box 61

Cape Town 8000 South Africa

Giles & Gosliner, 1983.

Alexander McGregor Memorial Museum [MMK]
P.O. Box 316
Kimberley South Africa

Anonymous, 1958.

Natal Museum [NM]
Private Bag 9070
Pietermaritzburg 3200 South Africa

Anonymous, 1962; Kilbum, 1973; Loch, ms. 10.

Port Elizabeth Museum [PEM]

Beach Road, Humewood

Port Elizabeth 6013 South Africa

Anonymous, 1962; Bruggen, 1963.

3. Asia and Oceania.

AUSTRALIA

South Australian Museum [SAM]

North Terrace

Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia

Cotton, 1945; Gowlett-Holmes, 1989; Gowlett-
Holmes & McHenry, 1988; Hewish & Gowlett-
Holmes, 1991; Laws & Mincham, 1968, 1973; Loch,
mss. 3-5, 7, 9, 12, 13; Ludbrook, 1959, 1961, 1965;
Macphail & Zeidler, 1977-1978; Sweeney, et al, 1988;
Zeidler, 1983, 1985; Zeidler & Gowlett, 1986; Zeidler
& Macphail, 1978.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 215

Department of Geology

University of New England

Armidale, New South Wales 2351 Australia

Philip, 1971.

Queensland Museum [QM]

P.O. Box 300

South Brisbane, Queensland 4101 Australia

Iredale, 1958b; Loch, mss. 3, 8; Rozefelds, et ai,
1990.

Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection

Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics

P.O. Box 378

Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600 Australia

Crespin, 1960, 1974; Loch, ms. 8.

Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery [TMH]

G.P.O. Box 1166M

5 Argyle Street

Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia

Crespin, 1964a; Hardy, 1916; Loch, mss. 1, 4, 7, 9,
12, 13; Ludbrook, 1965, 1967; May, 1903; E. Turner
&Dartnall, 1971.

Queen Victoria Museum & Art Gallery [QVMT]

Wellington Street

Launceston, Tasmania 7250 Australia

Crespin, 1964a; Green, 1974; Loch, mss. 7, 9, 12, 13.

Geological Collection

University of Melbourne

Parkville

Melbourne, Victoria 3052 Australia

Singleton, 1945.

216 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Museum of Victoria [MV]
285-321 Russell Street
Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia

[formerly National Museum of Victoria]

Baldwin-Knight, 1901; Boyd & Phillips, 1985; Gill,
1953; Gill & Davies, 1968; Kenyon, 1899, 1902;
Loch, mss. 2-4, 10-13; Lu, 1983; Ludbrook, 1965;
BJ. Smith, 1968; B.J. Smith & Black, 1969; B.J. Smith
& Robertson, 1970; Trew, 1987b.

Western Australian Museum [WAM]

Francis Street

Perth, Western Australia 6000 Australia

Crespin, 1964b; Loch, mss. 2, 3, 10; Slack-Smith,
1983; Wells, 1977.

Department of Geology and Geophysics

University of Sydney

Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia

Foldvary, 1981; Foldvary & Sanderson, 1972 [collec-
tions are being transferred to the Australian Museum
Sydney] .

Macleay Museum [MAMU]

University of Sydney

Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia

Hedley, 1901; Ponder & Stanbury, 1972.

Australian Museum [AMS]

P.O. Box A 285

Sydney South, New South Wales 2000 Australia

Fletcher, 1971; Iredale, 1958a-1959; Iredale & Whitley,
1958; Loch, mss. 1-3, 7-13; Ludbrook, 1961;
McMichael & Whidey, 1956, 1961; Natsukari &
Okutani, 1975; Richardson, 1971; Rudman, 1983;
Sweeney, et ai, 1988; Whitley, 1968, 1972.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 217

INDIA

Zoological Museum Calcutta
Indian Museum
27 Jawaharal Nehru Road
Calcutta 700013 India

Nevill, 1878, 1885.

Zoological Survey of India [ZSI]
"M" Block, New Alipore
Calcutta 700053 India

Rajagopal & Mitra, 1978; Thomson, [in press].

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Marine Fisheries P.O.
Mandapam Camp India

James, 1969.

INDONESIA

Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense [MZB]
Juanda 3, Kebun Raya
Bogor, Java Indonesia

Somadikarta, et ai, 1964.

218 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

JAPAN

General: Hanzawa, et al., 1961.

Seto Marine Biological Laboratory [SMBL]

Kyoto University

Sirahama 649-22

Wakayama

Japan

Harada, 1991.

University Museum [UMT]
University of Tokyo
Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113 Japan

Ichikawa, 1983, 1988; Ichikawa & Hayami, 1978;
Oyama, 1973.

National Science Museum [NSMT]
3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho
Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo 169 Japan

Hayami & Kase, 1977; Matsukuma & Okutani, 1986.

Yokosuka City Museum
95 Fukadadai
Yokosuka 238 Japan

Maeda, et al., 1983, 1987.

NEW ZEALAND

Auckland Institute and Museum [AIM]

Private Bag

Auckland 1 New Zealand

Cemohorsky, 1972, 1988; Fleming, 1966; Loch, mss.
10, 11; A.W.B. Powell, 1941, 1949.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 219

Canterbury Museum [CMC]
RoUeston Avenue
Christchurch 1 New Zealand

Allan, 1938, 1941; Speight, 1913.

New Zealand Geological Survey [NZGS]

P.O. Box 30368

Lower Hutt New Zealand

Boreham, 1959, 1965; Fleming, 1966; Keyes, 1972;

Loch, mss. 8, 10, 11.

National Museum of New Zealand [NMNZ]
P.O. Box 467
Wellington New Zealand

[formerly Colonial Museum (1865-1907); Dominion
Museum (1907-1973)]

Hamilton, 1906; Keyes, 1971; Loch, mss. 3, 10, 11.

New Zealand Oceanographic Institute [NZOI]

P.O. Box 12 346

Wellington North New Zealand

Dawson, 1979; Loch, ms. 10.

PAKISTAN

Zoological Survey of Pakistan [ZSP]
Hotel Nazli
Nishtar Road
Karachi 3 Pakistan

Siddiqi, 1973.

220 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

THAILAND

Phuket Marine Biological Center

P.O. Box 60

Phuket 83000 Thailand

Nateewathana, 1990.

4. North America.

CANADA

Redpath Museum [RAIMGU]

McGill University

85, rue Sherbrooke

Montreal 110, Quebec H3A 2K6 Canada

Alison & Carroll, 1972; Ardley, 1916; Kuroda &
Habe, 1952; Palmer, 1945a, 1950, 1958, 1963.

Geological Survey [CGS]

601 Booth Street

Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0E8 Canada

Bolton, 1965-1982; Ingram, 1942.

National Museum of Natural Science [NMC]
National Museums of Canada
P.O. Box 3443, Station D
Ottawa, Ontario KIP 6P4 Canada

M.F.I. Smith, 1981.

New Brunswick Museum [NBM]

277 Douglas Avenue

Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 1E5 Canada

R.F. Miller, 1988.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 221

Royal Ontario Museum [ROM]

100 Queen's Park

Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6 Canada

Fritz, 1944; Waddington, et aL, 1978.

British Columbia Provincial Museum [BCPM]
Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1X4 Canada

Peden& Green, 1982.

CUBA

Museo Felipe Poey
Capitolio Nacional
Habana Cuba

Aguayo & Jaume, 1950; Boss & Jacobson, 1975.

MEXICO

Instituto de Geologia [UNAM]

Museo de Paleontologia

Universidade Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

Ciudad Universitaria

04510 Mexico City, D.F. Mexico

Carreno, et aL, 1989; Perrilliat, 1981.

222 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

UNITED STATES

New York State Museum [NYSM]
Empire State Plaza
Albany, New York 12230

J.M. Clarke, 1893-1907; Kilfoyle, 1954-1971; Mar-
shall, 1892; Palmer, 1951; R.D. Turner, 1962; Whit-
field, 1899. [The A. A. Gould types were transferred
to the Museum of Comparative Zoology Qohnson,
1964); the P.P. Carpenter types were transferred to the
Smithsonian Institution (Coan & Rosewater, 1985)].

Museum of Zoology [MZUM]
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

Breure, 1973a; Burch, 1980, 1983; Coan, 1989a;
Johnson, 1967, 1972, 1979; Rosewater, 1959.

Texas Memorial Museum [TNHC]
University of Texas
2400 Trinity
Austin, Texas 78705

Pritchett, 1905.

Museum of Paleontology [UCB]
University of California
Berkeley, California 94720

Addicott, et al, 1971; Coan, 1982, 1989a; Coan &
Bogan, 1988; Hanna & Smith, 1932; Ingram, 1942;
Keen & Bentson, 1944; Merriam, 1895; Murphy &
Rodda, 1977; Palmer, 1958; Peck, 1957; Peck &
McFarland, 1954; Roth, 1988; R.B. Stewart, 1927,
1930; A.G. Smith & Emerson, 1955.

Boston Society of Natural History: collections now in
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, [see
also Cushman, 1907].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 223

University of Colorado Museum [UCM]
Campus Box 218
Boulder, Colorado 80309

Coan & Roth, 1987; McCoy, 1964; Rodeck, 1938;
Wu & Brandauer, 1982.

Bowling Green State University (Ohio): collections trans-
ferred to the Smithsonian Institution, Washington
D.C.; Ohio State University, Columbus; and Univer-
sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor [Hoare, 1991].

Museum of Comparative Zoology [MCZ]

Harvard University

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

A. Mollusk Department: Boss, 1987; Boss, et ai,
1968; Cemohorsky, 1975, 1987; Champion, 1947;
Clench, 1936, 1946, 1959; Clench & Turner, 1950a,
1950b; Coan, 1982; Counts, 1991; Ferreira, 1978;
Hartman, 1881; Hertz, 1984; Jacobson & Boss, 1973;
Johnson, 1946, 1949, 1956-1967, 1973b, 1975a,
1975b, 1981, 1989, in prep.; Johnson & Boss, 1972;
Kabat & Finet, 1992; Kay & Clench, 1975; Michelson,
1953; Pilsbry, 1946; Rosewater, 1959; R.D. Turner,
1946-1962.

B. Invertebrate Paleontology: Cushman, 1907; Eng &
d'Escrivan, in prep.; Keen & Bentson, 1944; Kummel,
1963; Palmer & Brann, 1965-1966; Raymond, 1936;
R.B. Stewart, 1927, 1930; Wilson, 1967.

Charleston Museum [CHM]

360 Meeting Street

Charleston, South Carolina 29403

Blackwelder, 1967; Clench, 1967.

224 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Chicago Academy of Sciences [CA]
2001 N. Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois 60614

Ball & Greacen, 1946; Franzen, 1958.

Field Museum of Natural History [FMNH]
Roosevelt Road & Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496

[formerly Chicago Museum of Natural History]

Geology Department: Forney & Nitecki, 1976; Palmer
& Brann, 1965-1966; Weller, 1929.

Zoology Department (Invertebrates): Roscoe, 1963;
Solem, 1967; Trew, 1987b.

Cincinnati Museum of Natural History [CMNH]
1720 Gilbert Avenue
Cinciimati, Ohio 45202

R.A. Davis & Troike, 1990.

University of Cincirmati Museum [UCC]
2624 Clifton Avenue
Cincinnati, Ohio 45221

Chappars, 1936; Hansman, et al., 1962.

Orton Museum-Geological Museum
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio 43120

Hoare, 1991; Marple, et al., 1964; Momingstar, 1924;
G.A. Stewart, 1930.

Biological Museum [UMRC]

University of Miami

Coral Gables, Florida 33124

F.M. Bayer, 1948.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 225

Florida State Museum [UF]
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 32611

Franz & Thompson, 1974,

Zoology Department (Malacology)
Bemice Pauahi Bishop Museum [BPBM]
P.O. Box 19000A
Honolulu, Hawai'i 96817

Cemohorsky, 1987; Clench, 1979; Cooke, 1918;
Eldredge, 1965; Kawamoto, in prep.; Kondo & Clench,
1952; Loch, ms. 8.

Cornell University [CU]

Ithaca, New York 14850

A.H. Clarke, 1960; Jacobson, 1975; Van Winkle, 1921
[transferred to Paleontological Research Institution;
see next entry].

Paleontological Research Institute [PRI]
1259 Trumansburg Road
Ithaca, New York 14850

Brann & Kent, 1960; Fast, 1978; Ingram, 1942;

Palmer, 1945b; Palmer & Brann, 1965-1966.

Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History [LACM]

900 Exposition Boulevard

Los Angeles, CaHfomia 90007

Coan, 1989b; Hertz, 1984; Saul, 1991; Sphon, 1971,
1973; Wilson, 1986; Wilson & Bing, 1970; Wilson &
Saul, 1986.

University of California [UCLA]

Los Angeles, California 90024

Keen & Bentson, 1944 [collections transferred to Los
Angeles County Museum (Saul, 1991; Wilson & Saul,
1986)].

226 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Zoological Museum [UWZM]
University of Wisconsin
Lowell Noland Boulevard
Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Franzen, 1957; Teller, 1911.

University of Miami: see under Coral Gables [there is also
a separate collection at the Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Miami] .

Milwaukee Public Museum [MPM]
800 West Wells Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233

Munthe, 1980; Sumpter, et aL, 1990; Teller, 1911.

Peabody Museum of Natural History [YPM]

P.O. Box 6666

Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut 06511

Beecher, 1900; Johnson, 1989.

Department of Invertebrates

American Museum of Natural History [AMNH]

Central Park West at 79th Street

New York, New York 10024

Breure, 1973a; Chubb, 1955; Coan & Roth, 1987;
Faber, 1988; Gratacap, 1901; Habe, 1977a, 1977b;
Hertz, 1984; Horenstein, 1983; Palmer & Brann,
1965-1966; Richards & Old, 1969; Roth, 1982;
Solem, 1967; Whitfield, 1899; Whitfield & Hovey,
1898-1901.

California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California 91125

Keen & Bentson, 1944 [collections transferred to Los
Angeles County Museum (Wilson & Saul, 1986)].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 227

The Academy of Natural Sciences [ANSP]
19th & The Parkway
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

A. Malacology Department: Abbott, 1965; Baker,
1962, 1963, 1964; Cemohorsky, 1987; Clench, 1946;
Clench & Turner, 1962; Coan, 1989a; Coan & Bogan,
1988; Coan & Roth, 1987; Coan & Scott, 1990;
Counts, 1991; G.M. Davis, et al., 1979; J.D. Davis,
1964; Hertz, 1986; Ingram, 1942; Jacobson & Boss,
1973; Johnson, 1967, 1975b, 1980; Johnson & Baker,
1973; Kay & Clench, 1975; Kondo & Clench, 1952;
Loch, mss. 3, 10; Mol, 1971, 1972; Palmer, 1958;
Richardson, et al., 1991; Robertson, et al., 1981-1987;
A.G. Smith & Emerson, 1955; Spamer & Bogan,
1992; Thome, 1988c; Trew, 1987b; R.D. Turner,
1962; Vanatta, 1915; Voss, 1962.

B. Invertebrate Paleontology: Campbell & Campbell,
1986; C.W. Johnson, 1905; Keen & Bentson, 1944;
Moore, 1962; Murphy & Rodda, 1977; Palmer &
Brann, 1965-1966; Richards, 1968; Rodda & Murphy,
1991; Spamer, et al., 1989; R.B. Stewart, 1927, 1930;
Ward& Germon, 1988.

Wagner Free Institute of Science [WFIS]
Montgomery Avenue & 17th Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19121

Spamer & Forster, 1988.

Carnegie Museum of Natural History [CM]
4400 Forbes Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

Brooks & Brooks, 1931a, 1931b; Johnson, 1977a,
1977b, 1981; Parodiz, 1967; Parodiz & Tripp, 1988;
H.H. Smith, 1902.

228 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Department of Geological Sciences
University of California
Riverside, California 92502

Mount, 1973a, 1973b.

Utah Museum of Natural History [UU]

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah 841 12

Roscoe, 1963 [collections transferred to Field Museum
(Chicago) in 1974].

San Diego Natural History Museum [SDSNH]

Balboa Park

P.O. Box 1390

San Diego, California 92112

Drake, 1957; Hertz, 1984, 1986; Keen & Bentson,
1944; Wilson, 1966; Wilson & Kennedy, 1967.

California Academy of Sciences [CAS]

Golden Gate Park

San Francisco, California 94118

Coan, 1966a, 1982, 1986a, 1986b, 1989a; Coan &
Kellogg, 1990; Coan & Roth, 1987; Hertz, 1984;
Ingram, 1942; Keen & Bentson, 1944; Kellogg, 1986;
Murphy & Rodda, 1977; Roth, 1970; A.G. Smith,
1974; A.G. Smith & Emerson, 1955; J.T. Smith, 1978;
Stasek, 1966a, 1966b; Sweeney, et al., 1988; Taylor
& Smith, 1971; Trew, 1987b; Zullo & Hertlein, 1970.

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History [SBMNH]
2559 Puesta del Sol Road
Santa Barbara, California 93105

Coan, 1989a; Coan & Scott, 1990; Hertz, 1984; Keen
& Bentson, 1944; Scott, et ai, 1990; Scott, Hochberg
& Moe, in prep.; Sphon, 1962, 1966.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 229

Department of Geology
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106

Coan& Scott, 1990.

New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources
(Soccorro): fossil cephalopod collections transferred
to the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
[Wolberg, 1990a- 199 Id].

Illinois State Museum
Spring and Edwards Streets
Springfield, Illinois, 62706

Leary, 1972.

Stanford University Museum: see California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco.

Florida Bureau of Geology
Tallahassee, Florida 32304

Shaak, 1980.

University of Alabama Museum of Natural History
Smith Hall, P.O. Box 5897
University of Alabama
University, Alabama 35846

Ingram, 1942; Rosewater, 1959.

Museum of Natural History [UIMNH]
1301 W. Green Street
University of Illinois
Urbana, Illinois 61801

Franzen, 1956.

230 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Illinois State Geological Survey [ISGS]
Natural Resources Building
615 East Peabody Drive
Urbana, Illinois 61820

Hansman & Scott, 1967; Kent, 1982; Leonard, 1957.

National Museum of Natural History [USNM]
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560

[formerly United States National Museum]

A. Division of Mollusks: Binney, 1885; Boss, et al.,
1968; Breure, 1973a; Cemohorsky, 1975; Clench,
1946; Coan, 1966b, 1982, 1985; Coan & Rosewater,
1985; Coan & Roth, 1987; Counts, 1991; Dall, 1892,
1925; J.D. Davis, 1965; Drake, 1957; Habe, 1978b,
1978d; Johnson, 1964, 1967, 1973b, 1974a-1975c,
1989; Kosuge, 1969, 1972; Loch, ms. 10; Mol, 1971;
Palmer, 1951, 1958, 1963; Roper & Sweeney, 1978;
Rosewater, 1984a, 1984b; Ruhoff, 1973; Sweeney, et
al, 1988; Thome & Pitoni, 1976; Trew, 1987b;
Waren, 1980, 1983; Yen, 1944.

B. Department of Paleobiology: Hoare, 1991; Keen &
Bentson, 1944; Marcou, 1885, 1886; Palmer & Brann,
1965-1966; Pumell, 1968; Schuchert, 1905; R.B.
Stewart, 1927, 1930; Trumbull, 1958; Wolberg, 1990a-
1991d.

Delaware Museum of Natural History

P.O. Box 3937

Wilmington, Delaware 19807-0937

Bieler & Bradford, 1991.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 231

5. South America.

ARGENTINA

Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Ri-

vadavia" [MACN]

Av. Angel Gallardo 470

1405 Buenos Aires Argentina

Breure, 1973b.

Museo de La Plata [MLP]
Paseo del Bosque
Universidade Nacional
1900 La Plata Argentina

Breure, 1973b.

BRASIL

Museu de Historia Natural-Malacologia
CDDC-Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
Rua Benjamin Constant 79
36100 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais Brasil

Oliveira, et al, 1981.

Museu Oceanografico [FURG]

Fundagao Universidade do Rio Grande

Caixa Postal 474

96200 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul Brasil

Rios, 1979.

Museu de Zoologia [MZUSP]
Universidade de Sao Paulo
Caixa Postal 7172
04263 Sao Paulo Brasil

Breure, 1973b; Perez & Haimovici, 1991

232 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

CHILE

Museo de Zoologia
Universidad de Concepcion
Barrio Universitario
Concepcion Chile

Cekalovic & Artigas, 1981a, 1981b.

Museo Nacional de Historia Natural [MNHNC]
Quinta Normal, Interior
Casilla 787
Santiago Chile

Frassinetti, 1974; Perez & Reyes, 1989.

URUGUAY

Museo Nacional de Historia Natural [MHNM]
Buenos Aires 652
Montevideo Uruguay

Olazarri, et al., 1972.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 233

SYSTEMATIC INDEX

The following index is arranged by molluscan class.
For the four "minor" classes, the papers are listed
alphabetically by author. For the Bivalvia, Gastropoda
Prosobranchia & Opisthobranchia, and Gastropoda Pul-
monata, the references are arranged by family, with the
families in alphabetical order. The only exceptions to this
family-level analysis are the Unionacea and Mutelacea
(Bivalvia) for which the type catalogues often did not
differentiate between these two superfamilies, let alone
families. For that reason, all the references to those two
groups are listed under Unionacea.

We would like to emphasize that many but not all of
the references are listed in this index. Not included are
papers listing more than ten families of gastropods or
bivalves: in particular, single item papers which cover all the
types in a given collection, often covering fifty or more
families.

1. APLACOPHORA [Caudofoveata & Solenogastres] .

Belloc, 1959; Stasek, 1966b.

2. BIVALVIA.

Anomiidae: Gray, 1850b; Lamy, 1941.

Arcidae: Lamy, 1904, 1906; Ludbrook, 1965; Oliver,

1981a; Stevenson, 1972.
Arcticidae: Deshayes, 1853; Lamy, 1916a.
Astartidae: Oliver, 1982a.
Bemardinidae: Meecham, 1987a.
Cardiidae: Lamy, 1942; Meecham, 1987b.
Carditidae: Lamy, 1915c, 1916b; Oliver, 1982a.
Chamidae: Lamy, 1917a.
Condylocardiidae: Oliver, 1982a.
Conocardiidae: Branson, 1942.

234 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Corbiculidae: Counts, 1989, 1991; Deshayes, 1855; Johnson,

1959a; Kennard & Woodward, 1926; Meecham, 1989;

Salisbury & Woodward, 1926.
Corbulidae: Lamy, 1926.
Crassatellidae: Oliver, 1982a.
CucuUaeidae: Ludbrook, 1965.
Cuspidariidae: Oliver, 1981b.

Donacidae: Fischer-Piette & Lamy, 1943a; Lamy, 1914c.
Dreissenidae: Meecham, 1987a.
Gastrochaenidae: Lamy, 1922d.
Gaimardiidae: Meecham, 1987a.
Glauconomidae: Deshayes, 1853.
Glossidae: Lamy, 1916a.
Glycymeridae: Lamy, 1912a; Ludbrook, 1965; Oliver,

1984c.
Hiatellidae: Lamy, 1916a, 1921b.
Limidae: Lamy, 1919b; Oliver, 1987b.
Limopsidae: Ludbrook, 1965; Oliver, 1984c.
Lucinidae: Lamy, 1915b.
Mactridae: Lamy, 1913, 1914b, 1925b.
Malleidae: Lamy, 1935a.
Malletiidae: Okutani, 1976.

Mesodematidae: J.D. Davis, 1964, 1965; Lamy, 1912b.
[Mutelidae: see Unionacea]
Myidae: Lamy, 1925a.
Mytilidae: Kleemann, 1981, 1983; Lamy, 1920a, 1920b,

1933; Oliver, 1984d.
Nucinellidae: Oliver, 1984a.
Nuculanidae: Ludbrook, 1961; Okutani, 1976; Oliver,

1984a.
Nuculidae: Ludbrook, 1961; Oliver, 1984a; Schenck, 1935.
Ostreidae: Habe, 1983; Lamy, 1924.
Pandoridae: Boss, 1965; Oliver, 1981b.
Parilimyidae: Oliver, 1981b.
Pectinidae: Allan, 1941; Anderson, 1962; Fleming, 1951;

Oliver, 1982b; Wagner, 1982-1985.
Periplomatidae: Oliver, 1981b.
Petricolidae: Deshayes, 1855; Lamy, 1921c.
Philobryidae: Oliver, 1984c.
Pholadidae: Lamy, 1921a, 1922c.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 235

Pinnidae: Lamy, 1932c; Wilkins, 1953c.

Pisidiidae: Binder, 1970; Deshayes, 1855; Favre, 1943;
Kuiper, 1967; Meecham, 1989; Stelfox, 1922.

Placunidae: Gray, 1850b.

Plicatulidae: Lamy, 1919a.

Poromyidae: Oliver, 1981b.

Pristiglomidae: Okutani, 1976.

Psammobiidae: Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1914; Lamy, 1914a.

Pteriidae: Lamy, 1935b.

Rudistidae: Chubb, 1955.

Solenidae: Lamy, 1932b.

Sphaeridae: Anonymous, 1958; Deshayes, 1855; Johnson,
1959a.

Spondylidae: Lamy, 1917b.

Teredinidae: Eldredge, 1965; Lamy, 1922b.

Thraciidae: Oliver, 1981b.

Trapeziidae: Lamy, 1916a.

Tridacnidae: Lamy, 1932a.

Trigoniidae: Anonymous, 1962; Jeannet, 1932; Perez &
Reyes, 1989.

Unionacea: Binder, 1970; Fechter, 1983b; Haas, 1913;
Johnson, 1952-53, 1956, 1967-1 973a, 1974a, 1974b,
1975b- 1980; Johnson & Baker, 1973; Parodiz, 1967;
Trew, 1987c; Vanatta, 1915; Wheeler, 1963; Wood-
ward, 1979; Zagar-Sakac, 1981; Zilch, 1967c, 1983d.

Veneridae: Deshayes, 1853; Fischer-Piette & Lamy, 1943b;
Lamy, 1922a, 1937; Lamy & Fischer-Piette, 1937a-
1939f.

Vesicomyidae: Boss, 1970; Oliver, 1987a.

Yoldiidae: Okutani, 1976; Oliver, 1984c.

236 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

3. CEPHALOPODA.

A. Recent [Coleoidea: Sepiodea, Teuthoidea &
Octopoda]

Belloc, 1950; Borri, et al, 1985, 1989; Gray, 1849;
Heppell & Smith, 1983; Hertz, 1984; Kristensen & Knudsen,
1983; Lu, 1983; Lu & Philipps, 1985; Natsukari & Okutani,
1975; Perez & Haimovici, 1991; Roper & Sweeney, 1978;
Rudman, 1983; Schafer, 1938; Scott, et al., 1990; Slack-
Smith, 1983; A.G. Smith, 1974; Spamer & Bogan, 1992;
Sweeney & Roper, 1984 & in press; Sweeney, et ai, 1988;
Voss, 1962; Zeidler, 1983; Zeidler & Macphail, 1978.

B. Fossil [Nautiloidea; Ammonoidea]

Anonymous, 1962; Barbera Lamagna, 1968; Bassett,
1972; Benier & Berset, 1989; Berset, 1985; Boda, 1964;
Buckman, 1909-1930; Bulot, 1991; Bulot & Autran, 1990;
Clark, 1982; J.M. Clarke, 1893, 1903-1907; Crick, 1898-
1922; Cushman, 1907; R.A. Davis & Troike, 1990;
Decrouez, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Delanoy & Bulot, 1991;
Eng & d'Escrivan, [in prep.]; Fletcher, 1971; Foldvary &
Sanderson, 1972; Gill & Davies, 1968; Gray, 1849;
Hanzawa, et al, 1961; Hardetert & Riegraf, 1990; Howardi,
1962; Jackson, 1952; C.W. Johnson, 1905; Kilfoyle, 1954-
1969; Kummel, 1963; Meiburg, et ai, 1969; Mihajlovic-
Pavlovic, 1985; A.K. Miller, 1936; Mongerau, 1965;
Munthe, 1980; Murphy & Rodda, 1977; Nitsch, 1990;
Nudds, 1988; Palmer & Brann, 1965; Peck & McFarland,
1954; D. Phillips, 1977, 1982, 1987; Pinna & Spezia, 1975;
Pritchett, 1905; Pumell, 1968; Pyrah, 1978; Rodda &
Murphy, 1991; Serret, 1986b; Singleton, 1945; A.G. Smith,
1974; J.T. Smith, 1978; Stenzel, 1942; Stubblefield, 1936;
Tatzreiter, 1982, 1986; Tozer, 1990; Waddington, et aL,
1978; Wilson, 1986; Wolberg, 1990a-1991d; Woodward,
1908; ZuUo & Hertlein, 1970.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 237

4. GASTROPODA: PROSOBRANCHIA &
OPISTHOBRANCHIA.

Aciculidae: Pfeiffer, 1853.

Acmaeidae: Robertson, et al, 1981; Trew, 1983d.

Acteonidae: Mermod & Binder, 1963.

Adeorbidae: Richardson, et al., 1991.

Amnicolidae: Richardson, era/., 1991.

Ampullaridae: Binder, 1970; Mermod, 1952; Mol, 1972;
Pain, 1949, 1951; Richardson, et al, 1991; Sowerby,
1909.

Anabathridae: Richardson, et al.^ 1991.

Aporrhaidae: Blake & Oliver, 1981; P.-H. Fischer, 1967.

Architectonicidae: Trew, 1986b.

Assimineidae: Richardson, et al, 1991; Zilch, 1967a.

Barleeidae: Richardson, et al.^, 1991.

Bellerophontidae: Weller, 1929.

Bithynidae: Richardson, et ai, 1991.

Buccinidae: Dodge, 1956; Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder,
1944b; Nelson & Pain, 1986; Talmadge, 1977; Trew,
1990a; Zilch, 1969a.

Bursidae: Trew & Oliver, 1981a.

Caecidae: Folin, 1890; Kisch, 1959a; Richardson, et al.,
1991.

Calyptraeidae: P.-H. Fischer, 1970; Hoagland, 1983; Mer-
mod, 1950b; Trew, 1985a.

Cancellariidae: Cemohorsky, 1969b; Trew, 1990d.

Capulidae: Harada, 1991.

Cassidae: Trew & Oliver, 1981a.

Cerithiidae: Shuto, 1978.

Cingulopsidae: Richardson, et ai, 1991.

Columbellidae: Cemohorsky, 1969b; Fischer-Piette & Beigbe-
der, 1945b; Pace, 1902.

Conidae: Bumay, 1989; Bruun, 1945; Coomans & de
Visser, 1987; Coomans, et al., 1979-1986; Cotton,
1945; Dodge, 1946, 1953; Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder,
1945b; Kohn, 1963-1992; Kohn & Riggs, 1979; Kohn,
et al., 1988; Kom, 1983; Mermod, 1947; Rajagopal &
Mitra, 1978; Richard, 1980; Trew, 1982; Zeidler,
1985.

238 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Coralliophilidae: Tomlin, 1935; Trew & Oliver, 1981b.
Costellariidae: Cemohorsky, 1981; Trew, 1985b.
Cyclophoridae: Baird, 1850; P.-H. Fischer, 1964; Mol,

1972; Pfeiffer, 1853; Robertson, et al., 1986; Zilch,

1953a, 1954b, 1955b-1959.
[Cyclostrematidae: see Skeneidae]
[Cymatiidae: see Ranellidae]
Cypraeidae: Dodge, 1953; Ingram, 1942; Kilias, 1973;

McMillan, 1957; Mienis, 1981; F. Schilder, 1930-

1966; F. Schilder & M. Schilder, 1952; M. Schilder,

1971; Trew, 1987a.
Diplommatinidae: Robertson, et ai, 1987.
Elachisinidae: Richardson, et ai, 1991.
Epitoniidae: Blake & Oliver, 1982a; Boury, 1891-1909,

1917; Mermod & Binder, 1963.
Eratoidae: Trew, 1987a.
Eubranchidae: James, 1969.
Eulimidae: Waren, 1989.
Falsicingulidae: Richardson, et al., 1991.
Fasciolariidae: Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder, 1944b; Trew,

1990a; Trew & Oliver, 1981a.
Fissurellidae: Cernohorsky, 1972; Mermod, 1950b;

Robertson, et al., 1981; Trew, 1983d.
Fossaridae: Trew, 1985a.
Galeodidae: Trew, 1990a.
Haliotidae: Coan, 1966b; Habe, 1983; Mermod & Binder,

1963; Robertston, et al., 1981; Talmadge, 1977; Trew,

1983d.
Harpidae: Gray, 1865.
Helicinidae: Jacobson, 1975; Mermod, 1951; Pfeiffer,

1853, 1857; Robertson, et al., 1986; Zilch, 1979a.
Hipponicidae: Trew, 1985a.
Hydrobiidae: Anonymous, 1958; Binder, 1970; Jovanovic,

1991; Mol, 1972; Okali, 1984; Pinter, 1982; Pons da

Silva & Davis, 1983; Zilch, 1970; Zdun, 1969.
Hydrocenidae: Robertson, et al., 1986; Zilch, 1973b.
Janthinidae: Mermod, 1953.
Lamellariidae: Hamada, 1991; Trew, 1987a.
Lepetidae: Robertson, et al., 1981.
Liotiidae: Robertson, et al., 1986.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 239

Littorinidae: Binder, 1970; Mienis, 1975a; Richardson, et
al., 1991.

Marginellidae: Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder, 1945b; Hewish
& Gowlett-Holmes, 1991; Mienis, 1976a; Roth &
Clover, 1973;Tomlin, 1913-1919; Trew, 1990d.

Mathildidae: Boury, 1911; Shuto, 1974.

[Melaniidae: see Thiaridae]

Micromelaniidae: Zilch, 1983e.

Mitridae: Cemohorsky, 1969a, 1969b, 1981; Fischer-Piette
& Beigbeder, 1945b; Trew, 1985b.

Muricidae: Dodge, 1957; Finet & Houart, 1989; Fischer-
Piette & Beigbeder, 1943a, 1943b, 1944a; Lamy,
1918; Trew & Oliver, 1981b; Zilch, 1983a.

Nassariidae: Adam, 1976; Cemohorsky, 1975; Fischer-
Piette & Beigbeder, 1945a; McMillan, 1985; Tomlin,
1932a, 1932b, 1940; Trew, 1990a.

Naticidae: Blake & Oliver, 1982b; P.-H. Fischer, 1964;
Kabat, 1990; Kabat & Kilias, 1991; Mermod, 1953;
Mermod & Binder, 1963.

Neritidae: Binder, 1970; Kabat & Finet, 1992; Knipper,
1958; Lamy, 1931; Mermod, 1953; Robertson, et al,
1986.

Olividae: Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder, 1945b; Ford, 1953;
Gray, 1865; McMillan, 1985; Olsson & Dance, 1966;
Trew, 1990c.

Ovulidae: Hamada, 1991; Kilias, 1973; Mienis, 1981; F.
Schilder, 1966.

Patellidae: Christiaens, 1968; Lamy, 1931; Mermod, 1950b;
Robertson, et ai, 1981; Trew, 1983d.

Pediculariidae: Kilias, 1973; Trew, 1987a.

Phasianellidae: Robertson, et ai, 1986.

Pleurotomariidae: Nieuwenhuis, 1990; Robertson, et al,
1981.

Pomatiasidae: Mermod, 1952.

Potamididae: Shuto, 1978.

Poteriidae: Robertson, et ai, 1987.

Pteropoda: A.W. Janssen, 1984.

Pupinidae: Robertson, et ai, 1987.

Pyramidellidae: Boury, 1911; Kisch, 1959b; Mermod &
Binder, 1963; Mienis, 1975b, 1976d.

240 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Pyrenidae: Trew, 1990a.

Ranellidae: Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder, 1944a; Trew &

Oliver, 1981a.
Rissoidae: Boury, 1911; Moolenbeek, et al.^ 1991.
Scissurellidae: Cemohorsky, 1972; Trew, 1983d,
Skeneidae: Robertson, et al.^ 1986; Trew, 1984.
Stenothyridae: Zilch, 1981c.
Stomatellidae: Mermod & Binder, 1963; Robertson, et al.,

1983; Trew, 1984.
Strombidae: Blake & Oliver, 1981; Dodge, 1956; Wilkins,

1951.
Terebridae: Bratcher, 1977; Cemohorsky, 1969c; A. Tillier,

1979; Trew, 1989.
[Thecosomata] : Gray, 1850a.
Thiaridae: Binder, 1970; Brot, 1872; Knipper, 1958;

Mermod, 1952; Mol, 1971, 1972.
Tonnidae: Trew & Oliver, 1981a.
Trichotropidae: Trew, 1985a.
Tricoliidae: Trew, 1984.
Triviidae: Kilias, 1973; Mienis, 1981; F. Schilder, 1966;

Trew, 1987a.
Trochidae: Dodge, 1958; Cemohorsky, 1972; Robertson,

etai, 1983; Trew, 1984.
Truncatellidae: Pfeiffer, 1857; Zilch, 1973c.
Turbinellidae: Fischer-Piette & Beigbeder, 1945a.
Turbinidae: Cemohorsky, 1972; Dodge, 1959b; Mermod

& Binder, 1963; Robertson, et al, 1987; Trew, 1984.
Turridae: Gatto, 1984; Shuto, 1970a- 1971, 1975; Tomlin,

1934; Trew, 1991.
Turritellidae: Shuto, 1974.
Valvatidae: Richardson, et aU 1991.
Vasidae: Trew, 1990c.
Vitrinellidae: Pilsbry, 1946.

Viviparidae: Richardson, et al.^, 1991; Zilch, 1955a, 1981d.
Volutidae: Baldwin-Spencer, 1901; Dodge, 1955; Fischer-
Piette & Beigbeder, 1945a; Gray, 1855c; Kenyon,

1899, 1902; B.J. Smith, 1968; Thomas & Oliver,

1982.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 241

5. GASTROPODA: PULMONATA.

Acavidae: Mol, 1972.

Achatinellidae: Clarke, 1960; Clench, 1959; Kilias, 1969;

Zilch, 1962a.
Achatinidae: Mermod, 1951; Mol, 1971, 1972; Oliver,

1983; Zilch, 1951.
Aciculidae: Zilch, 1976b.
Amastridae: Cooke, 1918; Zilch, 1962b.
Amphibolidae: Kilias, 1967a.

Ancylidae: Anonymous, 1962; Kilias, 1961; Mol, 1971.
[Aperidae: see Chlamydephoridae]
Ariophantidae: Anonymous, 1962.
Athoracophoridae: Kilias, 1974a.
Bradybaenidae: Habe, 1982; Maeda, et al., 1983; Trew,

1986a; Zilch, 1968, 1982.
Bulimulidae: Breure, 1973c-1976b; Mienis, 1977; Zilch,

1972d.
Bulinidae: Chevalier & Pothier, 1972.
Camaenidae: Habe, 1982; Trew, 1986c; Zilch, 1953b,

1960, 1964a, 1966b, 1966c.
Carychiidae: Pfeiffer, 1857.
Chilinidae: Kilias, 1961.

Chlamydephoridae: Anonymous, 1962; Mol, 1972.
Chondrinidae: Kilias, 1969; Zilch, 1984.
Clausiliidae: Corocleanu, 1968; Habe, 1982, 1984a; Kilias,

1974b, 1974c; Knipper, 1954; Pinter, 1982; Zilch,

1954a, 1972e, 1976a, 1977a, 1977c, 1978a, 1981b.
Cochlicopidae: Zilch, 1962b.
Corallidae: Irish, 1985.

Ellobiidae: Kalias, 1967a; Mermod, 1951; Pfeiffer, 1857.
Endodontidae: Anonymous, 1962.
Enidae: Anonymous, 1962; Kilias, 1971; Mol, 1971, 1972;

Zilch, 1986.
Ferrissiidae: Kilias, 1961.

Ferrussaciidae: Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Zilch, 1973a.
Haplotrematidae: Zilch, 1983c.

242 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Helicidae: Couturier, 1903; Giannuzzi-Savelli, et al, 1986;

Mermod, 1950b, 1951; Trew, 1983a; Zilch, 1952a,

1952b, 1965b, 1987a, 1987b.
Helminthoglyptidae: Roth, 1982, 1988; Trew, 1985c.
[Liguus: see Orthalicidae]
Lymnaeidae: Kilias, 1961; Mermod, 1951.
Megalobulimidae: Mermod, 1951.
Oleacinidae: Zilch, 1980b.
Orculidae: ICilias, 1969.
Oreohelicidae: Trew, 1986c.
Orthalicidae: F.M. Bayer, 1948; Clench, 1946.
Otinidae: Pfeiffer, 1857.
Partulidae: Fulton, 1917; Hartman, 1881; Kilias, 1969;

H.H. Smith, 1902.
Paryphantidae: Marston, 1968.
Physidae: Kilias, 1961; Mermod, 1951.
Planorbidae: Anonymous, 1958; Binder, 1970; Burch,

1983; Chevalier & Pothier, 1972; Cushman, 1907;

Kilias, 1963, 1967a; Mermod, 1951; Michelson, 1953;

Mol, 1972.
Pleurodiscidae: Zilch, 1969b.
[Pleurodontidae: see Camaenidae]
Pupillidae: Kilias, 1969; Zilch, 1985.
Pyramidulidae: Kilias, 1969; Zilch, 1962b.
Rhytididae: Zilch, 1983c.
Siphonariidae: Trew, 1983b.
Sphincterochilidae: Zilch, 1966a.
Stenogyridae: Anonymous, 1958.
Streptaxidae: Anonymous, 1958, 1962; Kaiser, 1980; Mol,

1971, 1972; Verdcourt, 1985, 1990b; Zilch, 1961;

1983c.
Strophocheilidae: Crowley & Pain, 1961.
Subulinidae: Anonymous, 1962; Kilias & Kilias, 1982; Mol,

1972; Naggs [in press]; Zilch, 1973a.
Succineidae: Kilias, 1974a; Mol, 1971; Zilch, 1978b.
Systrophidae: Zilch, 1983c.
Testacellidae: Zilch, 1980b.

Tornatellinidae: Cooke, 1918; Kilias, 1969; Zilch, 1962a.
Triptychiidae: Zilch, 1978a.
Urocoptidae: Drake, 1957.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 243

Valloniidae: Kilias, 1969; Zilch, 1969b.

Veronicellidae: Forcart, 1952; Thome, 1969-1990; Thome

& Pitoni, 1976.
Vertiginidae: Anonymous, 1962; Kilias, 1969; Mol, 1972;

Zilch, 1983b.
Vitrinidae: Zilch, 1979b.
Zonitidae: Pinter, 1982; Zilch, 1965a, 1980a.

6. POLYPLACOPHORA.

Ashby, 1922; Boreham, 1959; Bumay, 1989; G.M.
Davis, et al, 1979; Dodge, 1952; Ferreira, 1978; P.-H.
Fischer, 1959; Forney & Nitecki, 1976; Giles & Gosliner,
1983; Gowlett-Holmes, 1989; Gowlett-Holmes & Mc-
Henry, 1988; Lamy, 1923; Loch, ms. 3; Macphail &
Zeidler, 1977-1978; Mermod, 1950b; Palmer, 1945a,
1958, 1963; Palmer & Brann, 1965; Peden & Green, 1982;
Scott, et al, 1990; B.J. Smith & Robertson, 1970; J.T.
Smith, 1978; Trew, 1983c; E. Turner & Dartnall, 1971;
Wallin, 1991; Wilson & Kennedy, 1967; Zeidler & Gowlett,
1986.

7. SCAPHOPODA

Berset & Benier, 1989; Boreham, 1959; Giles &
Gosliner, 1983; Forney & Nitecki, 1976; Hanzawa, et al.,
1961; Keyes, 1972; Kilias, 1972; Ludbrook, 1959; Oliver,
1984b; Palmer, 1958; Palmer & Brann, 1965; Peck &
McFarland, 1954; Richards & Old, 1969; Riley, 1974;
Scott, et ai, 1990; J.T. Smith, 1978; Spamer & Bogan,
1992; Speight, 1913; Tichy, 1970; E. Turner & Dartnall,
1971; R.D. Turner, 1955; Wilson, 1986; Zeidler & Macphail,
1978.

244 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

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Allen, H.A. 1904. Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of British
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Allen, H.A. 1905. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of British
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Allen, H.A. 1906. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of British
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Allen, H.A. 1915. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of British
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Allen, H.A. 1916. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of British
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Berry, W.B.N. 1985. The significance of type specimens and old
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Berset, S. 1985. Les collections du Departement de Geologic et de
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Berset, S. 1986. Les collections du Departement de Geologic et de
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250 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

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Bigot, A. 1907. Catalogue critique de la collection Defrance, conservee
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Bigot, A. 1945. Collections Geologiques. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne
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Bigot, A. and M. Matte. 1904. Catalogue critique de la collection
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Bigot, A. and M. Matte. 1905. Catalogue critique de la collection
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Bishop, MJ. and K. Way. 1976. Type specimens in the Jane Saul
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Blackwelder, B.W. 1967. Invertebrate fossil collections at the Charleston
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Blake, A.F. and P.G. Oliver. 1981. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part
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Boreham, A. 1959. Biological type specimens in the New Zealand
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Boss, K.J. 1987. Henry Drummond Russell (1908-87) with a bibliogra-
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Boss, K.J., J. Rosewater, and F.A. Ruhoff. 1968. The zoological taxa of
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Bouchet, P. and F. Danrigal. 1982. Napoleon's Egyptian campaign
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Boury, E. de. 1909. Observations sur les Scalidae des expeditions
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Boury, E. de. 1917. Etude sur les scalaires de la collection Locard et
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254 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Brooks, S.T. and B.W. Brooks. 1931a. List of the types of Pelecypoda
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Brooks, S.T. and B.W. Brooks. 1931b. List of types of Amphineura and
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Brot, A. 1872. Materiaux pour servir a I'etude de la famille des
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Bruggen, A.C. van. 1963. A re-examination of the types of Recent
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Bruggen, A.C. van. 1977a. In memorian Dr. CO. van Regteren Altena
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Bruggen, A.C. van. 1977b. Malacology in the Netherlands: Systematic
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Bruun, A.Fr. 1945. On the type specimen of Conus gloria maris.
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Buckman, S.S. (ed.). 1909-1930. Yorkshire type ammonites. The
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Bulot, L. "1990" [1991]. Revision des types et figures de la collection
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1878) et Olcostephanus {Olcostephanus) ? mittreanus (Matheron non
d'Orb., 1850). Mesogee, Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle
de Marseille, 50: 3-8, pis. 1-2.

Bulot, L. and G. Autran. "1989" [1990]. Revision des types et figures
de la collection Matheron. 1. Olcostephanus stephanophorus (Math-
eron, 1878). Mesogee, Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle
de Marseille, 49: 15-19, pi. 1.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 255

Burch, J.B. 1980. The mollusk collection and malacology at the
University of Michigan. Walkerana, Transactions of the Physi-
ological, Oecological, Experimental Taxonomic and Systematics
Society, 1(1): 1-18, 4 figs.

Burch, J.B. 1983. Mina L. Winslow 1890-1982. Malacological Review,
16(1-2): 133-134.

Bumay, L.P. "1987" [1989]. Lista anotado dos especimes-tipos,
depositados nas colecgoes do Centro de Zoologia do Instituto de
Investigagao Cientifica Tropical. I-Moluscos (Gastropoda e Polip-
lacophora). Garcia de Orta, Serie de Zoologia, 14(1): 13-16.

Cailliez, J.C. 1983. Petite histoire et grandes coquilles. Bulletin de la
Societe International de Conchyliologie, 5(4): 1-22.

Campbell, L.D. and S.C. Campbell. 1986. Isaac Lea's Virginia Neogene
species. American Malacological Bulletin, 4(1): 39-42.

Capocaccia, L. and G. Arbocca. 1963. Collezioni e studi malacologici
nel Museo di Storia Naturale di Geneva. Doriana, Supplemento
agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria",
3(132): 1-7.

Carpenter, P. P. 1857. Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells,
in the British Museum: Collected by Frederick Reigen. Oberlin
Press, Warrington, xii + 552 pp. [Also tided as the "Catalogue of
the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca, in the British
Museum", viii + xii + 552 pp.].

Carreho, A.L., M. del C. Perrilliat, C. Gonzalez- Arreola, S.P. Applegate,
O. Carranza-Castaneda, and E. Martinez-Hernandez. 1989. Fosi-
les Tipo Mexicanos. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,
Instituto de Geologia, Mexico City, ii + 531 pp., 207 figs.

Caziot, E. [transl. by W.H. Dall]. 1919. Synonymic study on the
mollusks of the Departement des Alpes-Maritimes mentioned by
Antoine Risso, with notes on their classification. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 71: 156-170.

Cekalovic, T. and J.N. Artigas. 1981a. Catalogo de los tipos depositados
en la coleccion del Departamento de Zoologia de la Universidad
de Concepcion, Chile. (Parte III). Boletin del Sociedad Biologia
de Concepcion, 51: 75-107.

Cekalovic, T. and J.N. Artigas. 1981b. Catalogo de los tipos depositados
en la colecciones del Departamento de Zoologia de la Universidad
de Concepcion, Chile. (Parte IV; incluye fosiles). Boletin del
Sociedad Biologia de Concepcion, 52: 203-224.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1969a. Type specimens of Mitridae (Mollusca:
Gastropoda) described by Linnaeus in the genera Voluta, Buccinum
and Bulla between 1758 and 1771. Zoological Journal of the
Lirmean Society, 48: 351-362, 2 pis.

256 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1969b. The types of the Lamarck collection in the
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Geneva. Recent Mollusca of the
genera Mitra, Columbella (part) and Cancellaria (part). Revue
Suisse de Zoologie, 76(49): 953-994, pis. 1-7.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1969c. List of type specimens of Terebridae in the
British Museum (Natural History). The Veliger, 11(3): 210-222.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1972. Type specimens of Recent and fossil Mollusca
described by H. J. Finlay. Part 1 (Scissurellidae -Turbinidae) .
Records of the Auckland Museum, 9: 213-247.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1974. Type specimens of Mollusca in the University
Zoological Museum, Copenhagen. Records of the Auckland
Museum, 11: 143-192, 67 figs. [Only a small number of the
ZMUC types are recorded in this paper] .

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1975. The taxonomy of some west American and
Atlantic Nassariidae based on their type-specimens. Records of the
Auckland Museum, 12: 121-173, 38 pis.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1977. The taxonomy of some molluscan species
reported from New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum,
14: 87-104, 22 figs.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1981. Revision of J. Hervier's type-specimens of
Mitracea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Loyalty Islands. Bulle-
tin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (ser. 4) 3
(A): 93-109, pis. 1-3.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1987. Type specimens of Pacific Mollusca described
mainly by A. Garrett and W. Pease with description of a new
Morula species (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Records of the Auckland
Institute and Museum, 24: 93-105, 31 figs.

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1988. Arthur William Baden Powell (1901-1987).
A brief biography and bibliography with a list of molluscan taxa.
Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 25: 1-38,
frontispiece.

Champion, M.E. 1947. Edward Sylvester Morse with a bibhography and
a catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on MoUusks, 1(11):
129-144, pi. 18.

Chappars, M.S. 1936. Catalog of the type specimens of fossils in the
University of Cincinnati Museum. The Ohio Journal of Science,
36(1): 1-45.

Chevalier, C. 1971. Catalogue des "types" et "figures" conserves a la
Faculte des Sciences de Lyon. Gastropodes (suite). Documents
des Laboratoires de Geologie de la Faculte des Sciences de Lyon,
44: 1-126.

Chevallier, H. 1964. Catalogue des exemplaires de Crosse et Fischer
correspondant aux planches des moUusques de Madagascar.
Journal de Conchyliologie, 104(1): 29-34.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 257

Chevallier, H. 1965a. Catalogue des collections du Museum correspon-
dant a I'Histoire Naturelle des MoUusques de Ferussac. Ire partie.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2) 37(1):
162-172.

Chevallier, H. 1965b. Les mollusques de I'Expedition du Mexique.
Journal de Conchyliologie, 105(1): 4-39.

Chevallier, H. 1965c. Catalogue des collections du Museum correspon-
dant a I'Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques de Ferussac. 2e partie.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2) 37(3):
476-489.

Chevallier, H. "1965" [1966a]. Catalogue des collections du Museum
correspondant a I'Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques de Ferussac.
3e partie. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser.
2) 37(4): 678-689.

Chevallier, H. "1965" [1966b]. Catalogue des collections du Museum
correspondant a I'Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques de Ferussac.
4e partie. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser.
2) 37(6): 1001-1012.

Chevallier, H. 1966c. Catalogue des collections du Museum correspon-
dant a I'Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques de Ferussac. 5e partie.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2) 38(5):
669-682.

Chevallier, H. 1966d. Addendum pour les mollusques de I'Expedition
du Mexique. Jovimal de ConchyUologie, 105(2): 62-65.

Chevallier, H. 1976. Types des especes continentales de la collection
Risso du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Departement de
Malacologie). Elona, 3: 38-40.

Chevallier, H. and R. Pothier. 1972. Biomphalaria et Bulinus afiricains.
Types d'especes conserves au Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
de Paris. Achatina, 3: 50-52.

Christiaens, J. "1967" [1968]. Quelques considerations sur les Patellidae
de la collection Lamarck. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, (ser. 2) 39(5): 970-978.

Chubb, L.J. 1955. A Revision of Whitfield's Type Specimens of the
Rudist Mollusks from the Cretaceous of Jamaica, British West
Indies. American Museum of Natural History, Novitates, 1713:
1-15.

Clark, R.D. 1982. Type, figured and cited Jurassic Cephalopoda in the
collection of the Institute of Geological Sciences. Report, Institute
of Geological Sciences, 82(9): ii + 1-104, pis. 1-2.

Clarke, A.H., Jr. 1960. Catalogue and illustrations of mollusks described
by Wesley Newcomb, with a biographical resume. Bulletins of
American Paleontology, 41(188): 131-160, pi. 17.

258 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Clarke, J.M. 1893. List of the original and illustrated specimens in the
Palaeontological Collections. Part IL Annelida and Cephalopoda.
46th Annual Report of the New York State Museum, pp. 201-250.

Clarke, J.M. 1903. Catalogue of type specimens of Paleozoic fossils in
New York State Museum. New York State Museum, Bulletin, 65:
1-847.

Clarke, J.M. 1905a. Appendix 3. Catalogue of type specimens of
Paleozoic fossils. Supplement 1. New York State Museum,
Bulletin, 80: 43-133.

Clarke, J.M. 1905b. Appendix 3. [Catalogue of type specimens of
Paleozoic fossils]. Supplement 2. 58th Annual Report of the New
York State Museum, pp. 58-130.

Clarke, J.M. 1905c. List of type specimens of Tertiary fossils from the
Pebas on the Maranhao River, Brazil. Described by T. A. Conrad
in the American Journal of Conchology 1871. 58th Annual Report
of the New York State Museum, pp. 131-133.

Clarke, J.M. 1907. Appendix B. Catalogue of type specimens of
Paleozoic fossils. Supplement 3. 60th Annual Report of the New
York State Museum, pp. 125-178.

Cleevely, R.J. 1974. The Sowerbys, the Mineral Conchology, and their
fossil collection. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of
Natural History, 6(6): 418-481.

Cleevely, R.J. 1983. World Palaeontological Collections. British Museum
(Natural History), London, 365 pp.

Clench, W.J. 1936. The collection of mollusks. pp. 69-72, [in] T.
Barbour (ed.). Notes concerning the history and contents of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University, Cambr-
idge, 89 pp.

Clench, W.J. 1946. A catalogue of the genus Liguus with a description
of a new subgenus. Occasional Papers on Mollusks, 1(10):
117-128. [Supplement, 1954, ibid., 1(18); 442-444].

Clench, W.J. 1948. The Hirase collection of mollusks. The Nautilus,
62(1): 34-35.

Clench, W.J. 1959. John T. Gulick's Hawaiian land shells. The Nautilus,
72(3): 95-98.

Clench, W.J. 1967. William Gaillard Mazyck (1846-1942) with a
bibliography and catalogue of his species. Occasional Papers on
Mollusks, 3(36): 37-43.

Clench, W.J. 1979. A biography of Andrew Garrett, early naturalist of
Polynesia: Part 2. Catalogue of molluscan species and bibliogra-
phy. The Nautilus, 93(2/3): 96-102.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 259

Clench, W.J. and R.D. Turner. 1950a. The western Atlantic marine
mollusks described by C. B. Adams. Occasional Papers on
MoUusks, 1(15): 233-403, pis. 28-49. [Supplement, 1954, ibid.,
1(18): 447].

Clench, W.J. and R.D. Turner. 1950b. Edward Chitty, with a bibliogra-
phy and a catalogue of his species of Jamaica land mollusks.
Occasional Papers of the Museum of the Institute of Jamaica, 1:
1-12, 1 pi.

Clench, W.J. and R.D. Turner. 1962. New names introduced by H.A.
Pilsbry in the MoUusca and Crustacea. Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadephia, Special Publication, 4: 1-218.

Coan, E.V. 1966a. Concerning the Stanford University set of MoUusca
from the Brarmer-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. The Veliger, 8(4):
313-314.

Coan, E.V. 1966b. Charles Russell Orcutt, pioneer Califomian ma-
lacologist, and The West American Scientist. Transactions of the San
Diego Society of Natural History, 14(8): 85-96.

Coan, E.V. 1982. James Graham Cooper. Pioneer western naturalist.
University Press of Idaho, Moscow, 255 pp., 31 figs.

Coan, E.V. 1985. A bibliography and list of moUuscan names of Josiah
Keep. The Veliger, 28(2): 211-215.

Coan, E.V. 1986a. Some additional taxonomic units that first appear in
publications by J. G. Cooper. The Nautilus, 100(1): 30-32.

Coan, E.V. 1986b. A. Myra Keen (1905-1986): hst of molluscan taxa;
malacological bibliography. Malacologia, 27(2): 383-387; 388-397.

Coan, E.V. 1989a. The publications and taxa of the Reverend Joseph
Rowell (1820-1918). The Veliger, 32(1): 43-46.

Coan, E.V. 1989b. The malacological papers and taxa of Martha Burton
Woodhead Williamson, 1843-1922, and the Isaac Lea Chapter of
the Agassiz Association. The Veliger, 32(3): 296-301.

Coan, E.V. and A.E. Bogan. 1988. The Recent invertebrate taxa
described by William More Gabb 1839-1878. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 140(1): 273-284.

Coan, E.V. and M.G. Kellogg. 1990. The malacological contributions
of Ida Shepard Oldroyd and Tom Shaw Oldroyd. The Veliger,
33(2): 174-184.

Coan, E.V. and J. Rosewater. 1985. Concerning Carpenter's "First
Duplicate Series" of Mazatlan shells. The Veliger, 28(2): 216.

Coan, E.V. and B. Roth. 1987. The malacological taxa of Henry
Hemphill. The Veliger, 29(3): 322-339.

Coan, E.V. and P.H. Scott. 1990. The molluscan publications and taxa
of Lorenzo Gordin Yates (1837-1909). The Veliger, 33(4):
402-407.

260 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Cocks, L.R.M. 1976. Irish type specimens and Davidson's monograph.
Newsletter of the Geological Curator's Group, 1(6): 310.

Conci, C. 1966. II centenario di Giorgio Jan, la sua attivita malacologica
e le collezioni di Molluschi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale
di Milano. Lavori della Societa Malacologica Italiana, 3: 1-8.

Conte, G. "1988" [1989]. Les invertebres fossiles dedies a Espirit
Requien par A. d'Orbigny et Ph. Matheron. Bulletin de la Societe
d'etude des Sciences Naturelles de Vaucluse, Numero Special,
"Melanges Requien", pp. 27-32.

Cooke, CM., Jr. 1918. Leptachatinae and Tomatellinidae in the B. P.
Bishop Museum. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop
Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, 6(5):
285-300 [39-54].

Coomans, H.E. 1981. Prof. Dr. Hendrik Engel (1898-1981) als
malacoloog. Basteria, 45(4-5): 91-96.

Coomans, H.E. 1991. In memoriam W.S.S. van der Feen-van Benthem
Jutting, 1899-1991. Basteria, 55(1-3): 55-59.

Coomans, H.E. and J.S. de Visser. 1987. Studies on Conidae (Mollusca:
Gastropoda). 10. The holotype and identity of Conus coffeae
Gmelin. The Veliger, 29(4): 437-441, figs. 1-7.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1979a. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub)species in Recent Conidae. 1. abbas to
adansonii. Basteria, 43(1-4): 9-26, figs. 1-25.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1979b. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub) species in Recent Conidae. 2. adansoni to
albuquerquei. Basteria, 43(5-6): 81-105, figs. 26-50.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1980. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub)species in Recent Conidae. 3. albus to
antillarum with the description of Conus algoensis agulhasi, nov.
subspecies. Basteria, 44(1-4): 17-49, figs. 51-93.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1981. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub) species in Recent Conidae. 4. aphrodite to
azona with the description of Conus arenatus bizona, nov. subspe-
cies. Basteria, 45(1-3): 3-55, figs. 94-171.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1982. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub)species in Recent Conidae. 5. baccatus to
byssinus, including Conus bretlinghami tiomen novum. Basteria,
46(1-4): 3-67, figs. 172-292.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1983. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub)species in Recent Conidae. 6. cabritii to
cinereus. Basteria, 47(5-6): 67-143, figs. 293-430.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 261

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1985a. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub)species in Recent Conidae. 7. cingulatus to
cylindraceus, including Conus shikamai nomen novum. Basteria,
48(6): 223-311, figs. 431-581.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1985b. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub)species in Recent Conidae. 8. dactylosus to
dux. Basteria, 49(4-6): 145-195, figs. 582-666.

Coomans, H.E., R.G. Moolenbeek, and E. Wils. 1986. Alphabetical
revision of the (sub)species in Recent Conidae. 9. ebraeus to
extraordmarus with the description of Conus elegans ramalhoi, nov.
subspecies. Basteria, 50(4-6): 93-150, figs. 667-760.

Cooper, J. [in prep.]. Catalogue of type and figured Cainozoic Mollusca
(excluding Cephalopoda) of the world, contained in the British
Museum (Natural History). The Natural History Museum, Lon-
don. [This work is complete on cards and is available for
consultation] .

Cooper, J. A. [in prep.]. A catalogue of the published specimens firom the
geological collections of the Booth Museum of Natural History,
Brighton U.K. [For publication in the Geological Curator; not the
same author as the previous entry] .

Copp, C.J.T. 1985. The growth and significance of the nineteenth
century shell collections in the City of Bristol Museum and Art
Gallery. Newsletter, South West Natural Science Collections
Research Unit, 1(3): 4-19. [Also published in Biology Curators
Group Newsletter, 4(1): 10-25. Appendix 1, "List of Shell
Donations" was not pubUshed.].

Corocleanu, I. 1968. Tipurile Citorva specii si varietati ale genului ^/opm
H. et A. Adams, 1855 pastrate in Colectia de Moluste a Muzeului
Brukenthal. Revista Muzeelor, 5(5): 422-424.

Cotton, B.C. 1945. A catalogue of the cone shells (Conidae) in the
South AustraUan Museum. Records of the South Australian
Museum, 8(2): 229-280, 5 pis.

Cottreau, J. 1925-1932. Types du Prodrome de Paleontologie Stratigra-
phique Universelle d'Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome IL Callovien-
Pordandien. Paris: Masson et Cie. 222 pp., pis. 1-68. [Originally
pubUshed in Annales de Paleontologie, volumes 14-21; for Tome
I see Thevenin (1906-1923)].

Cottreau, J. 1934-1937. Types du Prodrome de Paleontologie Stratigra-
phique Universelle d'Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome IIL Neocomien.
Paris: Masson et Cie. 84 pp., pis. 69-81. [Originally pubUshed in
Annales de Paleontologie, volumes 23-26].

Couffon, O. and T. Surrault. 1909. Collection malacologique T.
Letoumeux offerte au Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville
d'Angers par M. le Commandant E. Letoumeux. Bulletin de la
Societe d'Etudes Scientifiques d'Angers, (n.s.) 38: xiv + 202 pp.

262 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Counts, C.L., III. 1989. Bivalves in the genus Corhicula (Bivalvia:
Corbiculidae) in the Soviet Union with a catalogue of type
materials in the Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the
U.S.S.R., Leningrad. American Malacological Bulletin, 7(1): 81-
86.

Counts, C.L., III. 1991. Corbicula (Bivalvia: CorbicuUdae). Part 1.
Catalogue of fossil and Recent nominal species. Part 2. Compen-
dium of zoogeographic records of North America and Hawaii,
1924-1984. Tryonia, Miscellaneous Publications of the Depart-
ment of Malacology, The Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, 21: ii + 1-134.

Couturier, M. 1903. Catalogue des coquilles palearctiques de la
collection Hagenmiiller. Annales du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle
de Marseille, Zoologie, 8(2): 21-67.

Cox, L.R. 1956. Fossil invertebrate collections from India and Pakistan
in the British Museum (Natural History). Journal of the Paleon-
tological Society of India, 1(1): 94-98.

Crane, E. 1892. Catalogue of types and figured specimens now in the
Brighton Museum. Brighton Public Museum, Royal Pavilion,
Report for the years 1891-92, Appendix B: 9-20.

Crane, E. 1893. Museum Sub-committee. Report for 1892-3. Brighton
Public Museum, Royal Pavilion, Report for the years 1892-93, pp.
5-8.

Crespin, I. 1960. Catalogue of type and figured specimens in the
Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection, Canberra. Bureau of
Mineral Resources, Geology, and Geophysics, Report, 54: 1-92.

Crespin, I. 1964a. Catalogue of fossil types and figured specimens in
Tasmania. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology, and Geophys-
ics, Report, 69: 1-30.

Crespin, I. 1964b. Catalogue of fossil types and figured specimens in
Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology, and
Geophysics, Report, 71: 1-113.

Crespin, I. 1974. Catalogue of additional type and figured specimens
other than Protista in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collec-
tion, Canberra. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology, and
Geophysics, Report, 160: 1-161.

Crick, G.C. 1898. List of the types and figured specimens of fossil
Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History). British
Museum (Natural History), London, iv + 103 pp.

Crick, G.C. 1902. Note on the type-specimen oi Belemnoteuthis monte-
fiorei, J. Buckman, from the Lower Lias Shales between Char-
mouth and Lyme Regis, Dorset. Proceedings of the Malacological
Society of London, 5(1): 13-16, pi. 1.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 263

Crick, G.C. 1903. Note on Dr. J.E. Gray's type-specimens of Jurassic
ammonites from India. Proceedings of the Malacological Society
of London, 5(4): 285-289.

Crick, G.C. 1917. Note on the type-specimen of Crioceratites bowerbankii,
J. de C. Sowerby. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of
London, 12(4): 138-139, pi. 7.

Crick, G.C. 1922. Notes on specimens of Cephalopoda figured in Tate
and Blake's "Yorkshire Lias," 1876. The NaturaUst, 787-788:
273-288.

Crowley, TE. and T Pain. 1961. Pfeiffer's unfigured species of
Strophocheilus {Megalobulimus) . Breviora, 183: 1-8, 2 pis.

Crowther, P.R. 1990. Collection care and status material, pp. 515-519,
[in] D.E.G. Briggs and P.R. Crowther (eds.), Palaeobiology: A
Synthesis. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, xiv + 583 pp.

Currie, E.D. and T.N. George. 1963. Catalogue of described and
figured specimens in the Begg Collection in the Hunterian
Museum of the University of Glasgow. Palaeontology, 6(2):
378-396.

Curtis, M.L.K. 1956. Type and figured specimens from the Tortworth
Inlier, Gloucestershire. Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists'
Society, 29(2): 147-154.

Cushman, J. A. 1907. Types in the paleontological collections of the
Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings of the Boston
Society of Natural History, 33(6): 249-279.

Dall, W.H. 1892. Gould's "North Pacific Exploring Expedition" types.
The Nautilus, 6(7): 84.

Dall, W.H. 1925. Illustrations of unfigured types of shells in the
collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of
the United States National Museum, 66(17): 1-41, pis. 1-36.

Dance, S.P. 1966. Shell Collecting: an illustrated history. Faber and
Faber, London, 345 pp., 35 pis.

Dance, S.P. 1967. Report on the Linnaean shell collection. Proceedings
of the Linnean Society of London, 178(1): 1-24, pis. 1-10.

Dance, S.P. 1986. A History of Shell Collecting. E.J. Brill, Leiden, xvi
+ 265 pp., 32 pis.

Darteville, E. 1951. Les collections malacologiques du Musee du Congo
Beige a Tervuren. Journal de Conchyliologie, 91(1): 22-26.

Dautzenberg, P. and H. Fischer. 1914. Sur quelques types de Garides
de la collection de Lamarck existant au Museum de Paris. Journal
de Conchyliologie, 61(2): 215-228, pis. 6-7.

264 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

David, L. 1963. Catalogue des "types" et "figures" conserves a la
Faculte des Sciences de Lyon, le Liste: Gasteropodes Secondaires.
Documents des Laboratoires de Geologic de la Faculte des
Sciences de Lyon, 2: 1-152.

Davies, G.L. 1975. A national collection put into hospital. Newsletter
of the Geological Curators Group, 1(5): 236-237.

Davis, G.M., R. Robertson, and M. Miller. 1979. Catalog of the chiton
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Davis, J.D. 1964. Lectotype designation for Mesodesma arctatum. The
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Davis, J.D. 1965. Mesodesma deauratum: synonymy, holotype and type
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Davis, R.A. and D.E. Troike. 1990. Repository for the Welch collection
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Dawson, E.W. 1979. Catalogue of type and figured specimens in the
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Dean, J.D. 1936. Conchological cabinets of the last century. Journal of
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Decrouez, D. 1985. Les collections du Departement de Geologic et de
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Decrouez, D. 1986a. Les collections du Departement de Geologie et de
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Decrouez, D. 1986b. Les collections du Departement de Geologie et de
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Decrouez, D. 1987. Les collections du Departement de Geologie et de
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Decrouez, D. and P. Kunz. 1985. Les collections du Departement de
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Delanoy, G. and L. Bulot. "1990" [1991]. Revision des types et figures
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Delessert, B. 1841. Recueil de coquilles decrites par Lamarck dans son
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Dell, R.K. 1963. Notes on some New Zealand Mollusca in the British
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Deshayes, G. P. 1853. Catalogue of the Conchifera or Bivalve Shells in
the Collection of the British Museum. Part L Veneridae, Cyp-
rinidae and Glauconomidae. Taylor and Francis, London, [ii] +
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Deshayes, G. P. 1855. Catalogue of the Conchifera or Bivalve Shells in
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Dietrich, W.O. 1960. Geschichte der Sammlungen des Geologisch-
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Berichte der Geologischen Gesellschaft in der Deutschen Demok-
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Dodge, H. 1946. A letter concerning the cones of Hwass and other
collections in Switzerland. The Nautilus, 59(3): 97-101.

Dodge, H. 1952. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part

1. The classes Loricata and Pelecypoda. Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History, 100(1): 1-264.

Dodge, H. 1953. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part

2. The class Cephalopoda and the genera Conus and Cypraea of
the class Gastropoda. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
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Dodge, H. 1955. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part

3. The genera Bulla and Valuta of the class Gastropoda. Bulletin
of the American Museum of Natural History, 107(1): 1-158.

Dodge, H. 1956. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part

4. The genera Buccinum and Strombus of the class Gastropoda.
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Dodge, H. 1957. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part

5. The genus Murex of the class Gastropoda. Bulletin of the
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266 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Dodge, H. 1958. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part

6. The genus Trochus of the class Gastropoda. Bulletin of the
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Dodge, H. 1959a. Evidential factors in the identification of the Linnaean
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Dodge, H. 1959b. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part

7. Certain species of the genus Turbo of the class Gastropoda.
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 118(5):
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Drake, R.J. 1957. Type material of Eucalodium orcutti Dall (Gastropoda:
Pulmonata) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego
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Dupuy, J.P., D. Slovick, and A. Vadet. 1989. Catalogue des types et
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Eagar, M. & R. Preece. 1977. Collections and collectors of note. 14.
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Eldredge, L.G. 1965. Catalog of Invertebrate Type Specimens, Division
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Eng, R.C. & F.C. d'Escrivan. [in prep.] Catalogue of type specimens of
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Engel, H. 1939. Alphabetical list of Dutch zoological cabinets and
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Engel, H. 1986. Hendrik Engel's alphabetical list of Dutch zoological
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Fabre, S. 1942. Catalogue des types de la collection Philippe Matheron.
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Falkner, G. 1982. Die tertiaren Land- und SuBwasser-Gastropoden in
der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische
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Fast, S.J. 1978. First supplement to the catalogue of the type and figured
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Favre, J. 1918. Catalogue illustre de la collection Lamarck appartenant
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Favre, J. 1943. Revision des especes de Pisidium de la Collection
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Fechter, R. 1982. Die Sektion Mollusca in der Zoologischen
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Fechter, R. 1983a. Liste des Typenmaterials der von J. B. v. Spix in
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Fechter, R. 1983b. Das Typermiaterial der von J. B. Spix in Brasilien
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Ferreira, A.J. 1978. The chiton species described by C. B. Adams, 1845,
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Ferrero Mortara, E., L. Montefameglio, G. Pavia, and R. Tampieri.
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Ferrero Mortara, E., L. Montefamiglio, M. Novelli, M. G. Opesso, G.
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Ferussac, [A.E.J.P.J.F.] d'A. 1837. Catalogue de la collection de
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Finet, Y. and R. Houart. 1989. On the taxonomic status of Murex
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268 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Fischer, J.-C. 1957. La collection de moUusques Jurassiques d'Edouard
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Fischer, J.-C. & A. Vadet. 1985. Catalogxie critique des types et figures
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Fischer, P.-H. 1951. La collection conchyliologique de I'Ecole Nationale
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Fischer, P.-H. 1959. Catalogue des types et exemplaires figures,
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Fischer, P.-H. 1962a. Les Trybhdaces de la Collection de Ecole des
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Fischer, P.-H. 1962b. Catalogue des types et exemplaires figures,
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Fischer, P.-H. 1962c. Mollusques fluviatiles de I'lndo-Chine et du
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Fischer, P.-H. 1963. Mollusques terrestres de I'lndo-Chine et du
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Fischer, P.-H. 1964. Catalogue des types et exemplaires figures
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1. Cyclophoridae et Naticidae. Journal de Conchyliologie, 104(1):
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Fischer, P.-H. 1967. Sur quelques "types" Bathoniens d'Aporrhaidae
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Fischer, P.-H. 1970. Sur quelques types de Calyptraea conserves dans la
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Fischer, P.-H. and E. Fischer. 1945. Necrologie. Edouard Lamy
1866-1942. Journal de Conchyliologie, 86(1): 6-28.

Fischer, P.-H. and E. Fischer. 1946. Necrologie. Paul Pallary 9 Mars
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Fischer-Piette, E. [avec la collaboration de P.-H. Fischer, L. Germain
et P. Pallary]. 1942. Les mollusques d'Adanson. Journal de
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OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 269

Fischer-Piette, E. 1947. Necrologie. Louis Germain 1878-1942. Journal
de Conchyliologie, 87(3): 85-95.

Fischer- Piette, E. 1950. Liste des types decrits dans le Journal de
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149-180, pis. 1-5.

Fischer-Piette, E. 1951. Les collections de mollusques actuels du
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Journal de Conchyliologie,
90(4): 282-292; 91(1): 12-22.

Fischer-Piette, E. 1952. Liste d'especes decrites par le Dr. Jousseaume
d'apres un manuscript de feu A. Jousseatime. Journal de Con-
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Fischer-Piette, E. and J. Beigbeder. 1943a. Catalogue des types de
gasteropodes marins conserves au Laboratoire de Malacologie.
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Fischer-Piette, E. and J. Beigbeder. 1943b. Catalogue des types de
gasteropodes marins conserves au Laboratoire de Malacologie.
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Fischer-Piette, E. and J. Beigbeder. "1943" [1944a]. Catalogue des
types de gasteropodes marins conserves au Laboratoire de Ma-
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Fischer-Piette, E. and J. Beigbeder. 1944b. Catalogue des types de
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Fischer-Piette, E. and J. Beigbeder. "1944" [1945a]. Catalogue des
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Fischer-Piette, E. and J. Beigbeder. "1944" [1945b]. Catalogue des
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Fischer-Piette, E. and E. Lamy. "1942" [1943a]. Note sur trois especes
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Fischer-Piette, E. and E. Lamy. "1942" [1943b]. Notes sur les
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Fleming, C.A. 1951. Some Australasian Mollusca in the British Museum
(Natural History). Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal
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Fleming, C.A. 1965. The description of the New Zealand Cenozoic
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Fleming, C.A. 1966. Marwick's illustrations of New Zealand shells, with
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Fletcher, H.O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the
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Fliigel, E. [transl. by J.T. Kingma]. 1959. Statement concerning the
types and figured originals firom the collections of the Novara
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Foldvary, G.Z. 1981. Supplement to Report 149. Bureau of Mineral
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Foldvary, G.Z. and J.L. Sanderson. 1972. Catalogue of paleontological
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Folin, L. de. 1890. Catalogue de la collection de CsecidEe de M. de
Folin. A. Lamaignere, Biarritz, 4 pp. [undated; Smithsonian copy
received by W.H. Dall June 3, 1890].

Forcart, L. 1950. Les collections malacologiques du Musee d'Histoire
Naturelle de Bale et de quelques autres musees Suisses. Journal
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Forcart, L. 1952. Revision des types de Vaginula maillardi Fischer et
Vaginula gayi Fischer. Journal de Conchyliologie, 92(4): 176-179.

Forcart, L. 1957. Ipsa Studeri Conchylia. Professor Samuel Studer
(1757-1834), seine Bedeutung als Naturforscher und die von ihm
hinterlassene Molluskensammlung. Mitteilungen der Naturforsch-
enden Gesellschaft in Bern, (n.f.), 15: 157-210, 7 pis.

Ford, W.K. 1953. Notes by J. R. le B. Tomlin, M. A. on Marrat's
species of Oliva. The North Western Naturalist, (n.s.) 1(3):
442-449.

Ford, W.K. 1954. Notes on the collections in the Department of
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The North Western Naturalist, (n.s.) 2(2): 191-203.

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Forney, G.G. and M.H. Nitecki. 1976. Type fossil Mollusca (Hyolitha,
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Fouray, M. 1979. Liste des types et figures de la collection Fortin:
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Franz, R. and F.G. Thompson. 1974. Recent molluscs (Class Gastro-
poda), [in] C.R. Gilbert (ed.). Catalogue of type specimens in the
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Franzen, D.S. 1956. Types of mollusks described by F. C. Baker. Part

I, University of Illinois. The Nautilus, 70(1): 21-27.

Franzen, D.S. 1957. Types of mollusks described by F. C. Baker, Part

II, University of Wisconsin. The Nautilus, 71(1): 30-35.

Franzen, D.S. 1958. Types of mollusks described by F. C. Baker, Part

III, Chicago Academy of Sciences. The Nautilus, 72(1): 30-34.

Frassinetti, D. 1974. El genero Venus en la Coleccion de Fosiles
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Fricke, R. 1985. Types of species-group taxa, and their nomenclatural
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FrieC, H. 1978. Die Sammlungen des gelehrten Superintendenten
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Gesichtspunkt seiner wirtschaftlichen Verhaltnisse und ihr Schick-
sal. Medizinhistorisches Journal, 13: 78-92.

Fritz, M.A. 1944. Catalogue of types in the Royal Ontario Museum of
Palaeontology. Part IV. Contributions of the Royal Ontario
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Frizzell, D.L. 1933. Terminology of types. The American Midland
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Fiikoh, L. and E. Krolopp. "1988" [1989]. Gebhardt Antal Pleisztocen
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Fulton, H.C. 1908. A hst of species of shells described by Dr. Grateloup,
with critical notes. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of
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Fulton, H.C. 1917. MoUuscan Notes. III. No. 11. On the type-specimen
of Partula newcombianum, Hartmann. No. 16. On the type-
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272 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Fulton, H.C. 1920. Molluscan Notes IV. No. 23. On type-specimens of
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Gatto, L. 1984. I tipi di Bellardi della collezione Doderlein conservati
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Gerber, E. 1936. Verzeichnis der palaeontologischen Originalien und
abgebildeten oder beschriebenen Arten im Naturhistorischen Mu-
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Gerber, E. 1937. Verzeichnis der palaeontologischen Originalien und
abgebildeten oder beschriebenen Airten im Naturhistorischen Mu-
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Geret, P. 1909. Liste des genres, sections et especes decrits par C.-F.
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Germain, L. 1905. Amould Locard, sa vie, ses travaux. Annales de la
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Gestro, R. 1926a. La Collezione Malacologica del Museo Civico di
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Gestro, R. 1926b. La Collezione Sulliotti. (Appendice alle note sulla
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Gianuzzi-Savelli, R., I. Sparacio, and N. Oliva. 1986. I tipi di molluschi
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Giles, E. and T. Gosliner. 1983. Primary type specimens of marine
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Gill, E.D. 1953. Catalogue of Quaternary types and figured specimens
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Gill, E.D. and E.M. Davies. 1968. Catalogue of Middle Palaeozoic types
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i

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Glenister, B.F., T.E. Bolton, T.W. Broadhead, N. Eldredge, NJ.
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Gowlett-Holmes, K.L. 1989. Fossil mollusc type specimens in the South
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Gowlett-Holmes, K.L. and B.J. McHenry. 1988. Fossil mollusc type
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Gratacap, L.P. 1901. Catalogue of the Binney and Bland collection of
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Gray, J. E. 1854b. List of the Shells of Cuba in the Collection of the
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Gray, J. E. 1855a. List of the Shells of South America in the Collection
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Habe, T. 1961. Notes on some Japanese Mollusca described by A.
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Habe, T. 1977a. Deposition of Japanese shells collected by the Admiral
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Habe, T. 1977b. Type specimens of four Japanese shells described by J.
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Habe, T. 1977c. Six species of Japanese shells described by A. Adams.
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Habe, T. 1978a. Two Japanese bivalves housed in the Museum National
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OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 275

Habe, T. 1978b. Notes on the type specimens of three Japanese shells
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Habe, T. 1978c. Comments on the type specimens of four Japanese
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Habe, T. 1978d. Notes on seven species of shells described by A.A.
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Habe, T. 1982. On the eleven species of Japanese land snails housed in
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Habe, T 1983. Type specimens of Haliotis gigantea Gmelin and Ostrea
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Habe, T. 1984a. Type specimens of three Japanese clausilid species
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Habe, T 1984b. Type specimens of the Japanese land and freshwater
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Harma, G.D. and A.G. Smith. 1932. Location of the collection of shells
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Hanna, G.D. and A.G. Smith. 1968. The Diguet-Mabille land and
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Hanshin Shell Club [compiled by the members]. 1986. Bibliography of
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Heppell, D. and S.M. Smith. 1983. Recent Cephalopoda in the

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Hertz, CM. 1986. Herbert Nelson Lowe 1880-1936. A gifted amateur
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Ichikawa, T 1983. Catalogue of type and illustrated specimens in the
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Impey, O. and A. MacGregor, eds. 1985. The origins of museums: the
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Inaba, T. and K. Oyama. 1977. Catalogue of molluscan taxa described
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International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN]. 1985.
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Iredale, T. 1958b. Charles Hedley's papers indexed. Proceedings of the
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Iredale, T. 1959. George French Angas: the father of Australian
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Iredale, T. and A.F.B. Hull. 1927. A monograph of the Australian
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Jackson, P.N.W. 1992. The geological collections of Trinity College,
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Jacobson, M.K. 1975. Type material of some Cuban helicinids. The
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Jacobson, M.K. and K.J. Boss. 1973. The Jamaican land shells described
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James, P.S.B.R. 1969. Catalogue of types in the collections of the
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Janssen, A.W. 1984. Type specimens of pteropod species (Mollusca,
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Janssen, R. "1987" [1988]. Fritz Nordsieck (1906-1984). Archiv fiir
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Janus, H. 1961. Die Typen und Typoide siidafirikanischer Meeresmollus-
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Jeannet, A. 1932. Les Trigonies fossiles originales conservees a I'lnstitut
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Jeffreys, J.G. 1879. Notes on Colonel Montagu's collection of British
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Jeffreys, J.G. 1884. Notes on Brocchi's collection of Subapennine shells.
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Johnson, C.W. 1905. Annotated list of the types of invertebrate
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Johnson, R.I. 1946. Joseph Pitty Couthouy-a bibliography and catalogue
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Johnson, R.I. 1949. Jesse Wedgwood Mighels with a bibliography and a
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Johnson, R.I. 1952-1953. A study of Lamarck's types of Unionidae and
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Johnson, R.I. 1956. The types of naiades (Mollusca: Unionidae) in the
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280 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Johnson, R.I. 1959a. The types of Corbicuhdae and Sphaeriidae
(MoUusca: Pelecypoda) in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
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Johnson, R.I. 1959b. The Charies M. Wheatley collections. The

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Johnson, R.I. 1964. The Recent MoUusca of Augustus Addison Gould.
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Johnson, R.I. 1967. Illustrations of all the mollusks described by Beriin
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Johnson, R.I. 1969a. The Unionacea of William Irvin Utterback. The
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Johnson, R.I. 1969b. Illustrations of Lamarck's types of North American
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Johnson, R.I. 1971. The types and figured specimens of Unionacea
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Johnson, R.I. 1972. Illustrations of all the mollusks described by
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Johnson, R.I. 1973a. The types of Unionidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
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Johnson, R.I. 1973b. Heude's moUuscan types or Asian land and
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Johnson, R.I. 1974a. Lea's unionid types or Recent and fossil taxa of
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Johnson, R.I. 1974b. Marshall's unionid types or types of Recent and
fossil Unionacea and Mutelacea introduced by William B. Mar-
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OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 281

Johnson, R.I. 1975a. R. Ellsworth Call with a bibliography of his works
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Johnson, R.I. 1975b. William A. Marsh, his introduced taxa of
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Johnson, R.I. 1975c. Simpson's unionid types and miscellaneous unionid
types in the National Museum of Natural History. Special
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setts, 4: 1-56, pis. 1-3.

Johnson, R.I. 1977a. Norman Macdowell Grier, a bibliography of his
work on mollusks, with a catalogue of his unionid taxa. Occasional
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Johnson, R.I. 1977b. Arnold Edward Ortmann, a bibliography of his
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Johnson, R.I. 1979. The types of Unionacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the
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Johnson, R.I. 1980. The types of Unionacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the
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Johnson, R.I. 1981. Stanley Truman Brooks, a bibliography of his work
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Johnson, R.I. 1989. Molluscan taxa of Addison Emery Verrill and
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Johnson, R.I. [in prep.] Types of shelled mollusks described by William
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Johnson, R.I. and H.B. Baker. 1973. The types of Unionacea (Mollusca:
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Johnson, R.I. and K.J. Boss. 1972. The fresh-water, brackish, and
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Jordan, H.P., J. Schneider, and G. Kiinzel. 1976. Typenkatalog, Sektion
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Joubin, L. 1905. Note sur la collection malacologique et sur les travaxix
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Jukes-Browne, A.J. and W.J. Else. 1907. A list of the type-fossils and
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Jung, P. 1972. The collection of Karl Mayer-Eymar. The Nautilus,
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Kabat, A.R. 1989. The "Gray Catalogues" [Mollusca] of the British
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Kabat, A.R. 1990. Species of Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de-
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Kabat, A.R. and Y. Finet. 1992. Catalogue of the Neritidae (Mollusca:
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Kabat, A.R. and R. Kilias. 1991. Die Typen und Typoide der Naticidae
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Kaiser, P. "1979" [1980]. Eduard Degner (1886-1979). Archiv fiir
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Kawamoto, R. [in prep.] Catalogue of marine moUuscan types in the
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Kay, E.A. 1965. Marine molluscs in the Cuming collection, British
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Kay, E.A. "1968" [1969]. The Saul cowry collection. The Journal of
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Kay, E.A. and W.J. Clench. 1975. A biobibliography of William Harper
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Keen, A.M. 1966a. West American moUusk types at the British Museum
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Keen, A.M. 1966b. West American moUusk types in the British Museum
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Keen, A.M. 1966c. Moerch's west central American moUuscan types
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Keen, A.M. 1966d. West American mollusk types at the British Museum
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tion. The Veliger, 9(1): 1-7, pi. 1.

Keen, A.M. 1966e. Some notes on the molluscan collections at the
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Keen, A.M. 1968. West American mollusk types at the British Museum
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Veliger, 10(4): 389-439, 171 figs., pis. 55-59.

Keen, A.M. and H. Bentson. 1944. Check list of California Tertiary
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Kennard, A.S. and B.B. Woodward. 1920. On the Linnean species of
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Kennard, A.S. and B.B. Woodward. 1926. Note on F. O. [sic] Miiller's
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the Malacological Society of London, 17(2/3): 100-101, pi. 9, figs.
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Kent, L.S. 1982. Type and figured fossils in the Worthen Collection at
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Kenyon, A. 1902. Further note on the type-specimen of Valuta
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284 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Keyes, I.W. 1971. Type specimens of New Zealand Cenozoic inverte-
brates in the Dominion Museum. Records of the Dominion
Museum, 7(9): 65-84.

KeyeSj I.W. 1972. Biological type specimens in the New Zealand
Geological Survey. II. Cenozoic Bivalve and Scaphopod Molluscs.
New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin, 45:
1-113.

Kilbum, R. 1973. The type material of South Afirican marine Mollusca
in the Natal Museum collection. Part 1. Bivalvia. Annals of the
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Kilfoyle, C.F. 1954. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the New
York State Museum. Supplement 4. New York State Museum,
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Kilfoyle, C.F. 1959. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the New
York State Museum. Supplement 5. New York State Museum and
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Kilfoyle, C.F. "1969" [1971]. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in
the New York State Museum. Supplement 6. New York State
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Kilias, R. 1961. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (1) I. Pulmonata, Basommato-
phora, Lymnaeacea: Chilinidae, Physidae, Lymnaeidae, Ferris-
siidae, Ancylidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in
Berlin, 37(1): 159-167, 1 pi.

Kilias, R. 1963. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (2) I. Pulmonata, Basommato-
phora, Lymnaeacea: Planorbidae 1 Bulininae und Planorbinae
(Physastreae) . Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in
Berlin, 39(2): 371-377, 1 pi.

Kilias, R. 1967a. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (3) I. Euthyneura (Pulmonata),
Basommatophora, Lymnaeacea (2. Forts.), Ellobiacea und Amphi-
bolacea. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin,
43(1): 151-160, 6 figs.

Kilias, R. 1967b. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (4) Nachtrag und alphabetisches
Register zu I. Euthyneura (Pulmonata), Basommatophora. Mit-
teilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 43(2):
337-344, 2 figs.

Kilias, R. 1969. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (5) II. Euthyneura, Stylommato-
phora, Orthurethra, Achatinellacea (Tomatellinidae, Achatinelli-
dae, Partulidae) und Pupillacea (Pyramidulidae, Vertiginidae,
Orculidae, Chondrinidae, Pupillidae, Valloniidae) . Mitteilungen
aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 45(2): 245-258, 2 figs.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 285

KiliaSj R. 1971. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (6) II. Euthyneura, Stylommato-
phora, Orthuret±ira, Pupillacea (Enidae). Mitteilungen aus dem
Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 47(1): 215-238, 10 figs.

Kilias, R. 1972. Originalmaterial im Zoologischen Museum Berlin zu
den von S.H.F. Jaeckel eingefiihrten Malakologischen Taxa.
Mitteilxmgen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 48(2):
437-448.

Kilias, R. 1973. Die Mollusken-Sammlung Schilder (Porzellanschnecken
und Schnirkelschnecken) im Zoologischen Museum in Berlin.
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185-188.

Kilias, R. "1973" [1974a]. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-
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neura, Stylommatophora, Heterurethra, Succineacea (Succineidae)
und Athoracophoracea (Athoracophoridae). Mitteilungen aus dem
Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 49(2): 345-350, 2 figs.

Kilias, R. "1973" [1974b]. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-
Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (8) II. Euthy-
neura, Stylommatophora, Sigmurethra, Clausiliacea (Clausiliidae
1: Phaedusinae, Neniinae, Baleinae und Mentissoideinae) . Mit-
teilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 49(2):
403-421, 15 figs.

Kilias, R. 1974c. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Berlin (9) II. Euthyneura, Stylommato-
phora, Sigmurethra, Clausiliacea (Clausiliidae 2: Clausiliinae und
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50(1): 189-208, pi. 1.

Kilias, R. 1975. Lajos Soos und die von ihm eingefiihrten Malakologis-
chen Taxa. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin,
51(1): 139-143.

Kilias, R. and I. Kilias. 1982. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-
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neura, Stylommatophora, Sigmurethra, Achatinoidea (Ferrussaciidae
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Kinkelin, F. 1903. Die Originale der palaontologischen Sammlung im
Senckenbergischen Museum und die auf dieselben beziigliche
Literatur. Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Ge-
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Kisch, B.S. 1959a. La collection de Caecidae du Marquis de Folin au
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Supplement, Les Caecidae
du "Challenger" (types au British Museum, Type Collection).
Journal de Conchyliologie, 99(1): 15-42, figs. 1-2.

286 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Kisch, B.S. 1959b. La collection de Chemnitzidae du Marquis de Folin
au Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Description de Tur-
bonilla corpulens. Catalogue des especes publiees par de Folin.
Journal de Conchyliologie, 99(3): 89-112, fig. 1.

Kisch, B.S. 1960. Les Mollusques decrits par de Folin-a part les
Caecidae et Chemnitzidae-avec catalogue. Journal de Conchyliolo-
gie, 100(4): 137-162.

Kleemann, K.H. 1981. Typusexemplare der Gattungen Lithophaga und
Gastrochaena aus der Sammlung Mayer-Eymar im Nattirhistoris-
chen Museum Basel. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Ge-
sellschaft in Basel, 90: 51-58, 8 figs.

Kleemann, K.H. 1983. Catalogue of Recent and fossil Lithophaga
(Bivalvia). Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement, 12: 1-46.

Knipper, H. 1954. Die Typen und Typoide des Uberseemuseums
Bremen, 1: Mollusca: Clausiliidae. Veroflfendichungen aus dem
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Knipper, H. 1958. Die Typen und Typoide des Uberseemuseums
Bremen, 5: Mollusca (Gastrop. Prosobranch.): Neritidae und
Thiaridae. Veroffentlichungen aus dem Uberseemuseum Bremen
(A), 3(1): 39-74, pis. 5-9.

Knorre, D. von and R. Kilias. 1986. Malakologische Sammlungen in
Museen der DDR. pp. 119-121, [in] L. Pinter (ed.). Proceedings
of the Eighth International Malacological Congress (Budapest,
Hungary) 28th August-4th September 1983. Hungarian Natural
History Museum, Budapest, xviii + 342 pp.

Kobelt, W. 1904. Museum Loebbeckeanum. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen
Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 36(2): 81-87.

Kohn, A.J. 1963. Type specimens and identity of the described species
of Conus. I. The species described by Lirmaeus, 1758-1767.
Journal of the Lirmean Society of London, Zoology, 44(302):
740-768, pis. 1-4.

Kohn, A. J. 1964. Type specimens and identity of the described species
of Cotius. II. The species described by Solander, Chemnitz, Bom,
and Lightfoot between 1766 and 1786. Journal of the Linnean
Society of London, Zoology, 45(304): 151-167, pis. 1-2.

Kohn, A.J. 1966. Type specimens and identity of the described species
of Conus. III. The species described by Gmelin and Blumenbach
in 1791. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology,
46(308): 73-102, pis. 1-3.

Kohn, A.J. 1968. Type specimens and identity of the described species
of Conus. rv. The species described by Hwass, Bruguiere and Olivi
in 1792. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology,
47(313): 431-503, pis. 1-9.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 287

Kohn, AJ. 1975. Type specimens and identity of tJie described species
of CoTius. V. The species described by Salis Marschlins and
Roding, 1793-1798. Zoological Journal of t±ie Linnean Society,
57(3): 185-227, pis. 1-3.

Kohn, A.J. 1976. Chronological analysis of the species of Conus
described during the 18th century. Zoological Journal of the
Unnean Society, 58(1): 39-69, pi. 1.

Kohn, A.J. 1981. Type specimens and identity of the described species
oi Conus. VI. The species described 1801-1810. Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society, 71(3): 279-341, figs. 1-67.

Kohn, A.J. 1986. Type specimens and identity of the described species
of Conus. VII. The species described 1810-1820. Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society, 86: 1-41, figs. 1-34.

Kohn, A.J. 1988. Type specimens and identity of the described species
of Conus. VIII. The species described 1821-1830. Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society, 93: 19-70, figs. 1-39.

Kohn, A.J. 1991. Paintings of paralectotypes?: Conus of the Museum
Ludovicae Ulricae. Journal of Conchology, 34(1): 7-18, 2 pis.

Kohn, A.J. 1992. A chronology of Conus, 1758-1840. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington D.C., ii + 292 pp., 26 pis. [a
revision of Kohn, 1963-1988].

Kohn, A.J. and A.C. Riggs. 1979. Catalogue of Recent and fossil Conus,
1937-1976. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 45(1): 131-147.

Kohn, A.J., P.E. Pointer, A.C. Riggs, and H.T. Dang. 1988. Catalogue

of Recent and fossil Conus, 1937-1988. Privately pubhshed,

Seattle, 57 pp.
Kondo, Y. and W.J. Clench. 1952. Charies Montague Cooke, Jr., A

Bio-bibliography. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication,

42: iv + 56 pp.
Korn, W. 1983. Zur Conchyliensammlung des Natur-Museums Coburg.

Jahrbuch der Coburger Landesstiftimg, 28: 203-242, 20 pis.

Kosuge, S. 1969. On some remarks on "The Recent MoUusca of A.A.

Gould" by Johnson. Venus, The Japanese Journal of Malacology,

29(2): 112-114.
Kosuge, S. 1972. Illustrations of type specimens of mollusks described

by William Healey Dall (North-western Pacific Gastropods).

National Science Museum, Tokyo, pis. 1-29.
Kristensen, T.K. and J. Knudsen. 1983. A catalogue of the type

specimens of Cephalopoda (Mollusca) in the Zoological Museum,

University of Copenhagen. Steenstrupia, 9(10): 217-227.

Krolopp, E. "1978" [1980]. A Foldtani Intezet Pleisztocen Malakogiai
Tipusanyaga / Pleistocene mollusc type material at the Hungarian
Geological Institute. Evi Jelentese a Magyar Allami Foldtani
Intezet, Budapest, Az 1978 Evrol: 359-383, pis. 1-8.

288 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Kroupa, O. "1988" [1989]. Kritische Revision der Weichtiertypen-
materialien in den Sammlungen des Nationalmuseums in Prag. 1.
Teil. Sbomik Narodniho Muzea V Praze, B, Prirodni Vedy, 44(2):
105-126, 2 pis.

Kuiper, J.G.J. 1967. Zur senckenbergischen Sammlung von SiiBwasser-
Kleinmuscheln und einige Probleme ihrer Erforschung. Archiv fur
MoUuskenkunde, 97(1-6): 155-159.

Kummel, B. 1963. Miscellaneous nautilid type species of Alpheus Hyatt.
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 128(6): 325-368,
pis. 1-30.

Kuroda, T. and T. Habe. 1954. On some Japanese Mollusca described
by A. Adams, whose specimens are deposited in the Redpath
Museum of Canada (No. 1). Venus, The Japanese Journal of
Malacology, 18(1): 1-16, pis. 1-2.

Lamy, E. 1904. Liste des arches conservees avec etiquettes de Lamarck
dans les collections du Museum de Paris. Journal de Conchyliolo-
gie, 52(2): 132-167, pi. 5.

Lamy, E. 1906. Sur quelques arches actuelles nommees par Lamarck
dans la collection Defrance (Musee de Caen). Journal de Con-
chyliologie, 53(3): 302-309, figs. 1-2.

Lamy, E. "1911" [1912a]. Liste des Petunculus conserves avec etiquettes
de Lamarck dans les collections du Museum de Paris. Bulletin du
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 17(6): 431-435.

Lamy, E. 1912b. Sur les especes de Lamarck appartenant au genre
Mesodesma Deshayes. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, 18(4): 245-254.

Lamy, E. 1913. Note sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans son
genre Lutraria. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
19(6): 343-349.

Lamy, E. 1914a. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes de Garidae.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 20(1): 19-25;
20(2): 57-65.

Lamy, E. 1914b. Notes sur les especes du genre Mactra decrites par
Lamarck. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
20(3): 127-135; 20(4): 239-247.

Lamy, E. 1914c. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans ses
genres Do?iax et Capsa (1818). Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, 20(5): 286-292; 20(6): 338-345.

Lamy, E. 1915a. Note sur une collection conchyliologique du com-
mencement du XIXe siecle. Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, 21(3): 101-104.

Lamy, E. 1915b. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes appartenant au
genre Lucina Bruguiere, 1797. Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, 21(4): 130-136; 21(5): 154-160.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 289

Lamy, E. 1915c. Sur quelques especes de Cardita figurees par Valencien-
nes. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 21(6):
195-200.

Lamy, E. "1915" [1916a]. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes des
genres Cyprina, Cypricardia, Hiatella et Isocardia. Bulletin du
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 21(7): 243-252.

Lamy, E. 1916b. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans les
genres Venericardia et Cardita. Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, 22(1): 50-58; 22(2): 114-121.

Lamy, E. 1917a. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes du genre Chama.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 23(3): 201-
207; 23(4): 264-271.

Lamy, E. 1917b. Notes sur les especes du genre Spondylus decrites par
Lamarck. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
23(5): 318-324; 23(6): 402-409.

Lamy, E. 1918. Notes sur quelques especes de Purpura determinees par
Blainville dans la collection du Museum de Paris. Bulletin du
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 24(5): 352-357; 24(6):
424-429.

Lamy, E. "1918" [1919a]. Notes sur les especes du genre Plicatula
decrites par Lamarck. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, 24(7): 510-513.

Lamy, E. 1919b. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes du genre Lima
Bruguiere, 1792. Bulletin du Museum National d'EQstoire Naturelle,
25(6): 480-486.

Lamy, E. 1920a. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans son
genre Modiola. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
26(1): 61-67; 26(2): 148-154; 26(3): 231-238.

Lamy, E. 1920b. Notes sur les especes de Mytilus decrites par Lamarck.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Natvirelle, 26(4): 330-
335; 26(5): 415-422; 26(6): 520-526.

Lamy, E. 1921a. Sur quelques Pholades figurees par Valenciennes.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 27(2): 178-
183.

Lamy, E. 1921b. Notes sur les especes de Saxicava decrites par
Lamarck. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
27(5): 361-365.

Lamy, E. 1921c. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans son
genre Petricola, 1801. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, 27(6): 432-436.

Lamy, E. 1922a. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans son
genre Venerupis, 1818. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, 28(1): 82-86.

290 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Lamy, E. 1922b. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes de Teredo (Taret).
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 28(2): 177-
181.

Lamy, E. 1922c. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes de Pholas. Bulletin
du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 28(3): 243-246.

Lamy, E. 1922d. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes appartenant a la
famille des Gastrochaenidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'His-
toire Naturelle, 28(4): 307-311.

Lamy, E. 1923. Notes sur les chitons rapportes au Museum national de
Paris par Peron et Lesueur (1803). Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, 29(3): 260-265.

Lamy, E. 1924. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiermes d'Ostrea. Bulletin
du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 30(1): 92-99; 30(2):
151-158; 30(3): 231-238; 30(4): 316-320.

Lamy, E. "1924" [1925a]. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck
dans le genre Mya Linne. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, 30(6): 494-496.

Lamy, E. 1925b. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans son
genre Anatina. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
31(5): 372-378.

Lamy, E. 1926. Notes sur les especes rangees par Lamarck dans le genre
Corbula Bruguiere. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, 32(1): 81-85.

Lamy, E. "1926" [1927]. Sur diverses coquilles de la Mer Rouge
figurees en 1830 par Leon de Laborde. Bulletin du Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, 32(6): 378-383.

Lamy, E. 1928. Note sur la collection conchyliologique de Toumefort.
Journal de Conchyliologie, 72(3): 228-232.

Lamy, E. "1928" [1929a]. Note sur la collection conchyliologique
d'Adanson. Journal de Conchyliologie, 72(4): 314-316.

Lamy, E. 1929b. Note sur une collection conchyliologique du XVIIIe
siecle. Journal de Conchyliologie, 73(1): 68-70.

Lamy, E. 1931. Sur trois especes de Brocchi: Patella sinuosa, Nerita
costata et Nerita sulcosa (Moll. Gasteropodes). Bulletin du Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 3(2): 239-243.

Lamy, E. 1932a. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes de Tridacnidae.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 4(3):
307-312.

Lamy, E. 1932b. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes de Solenidae.
Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 4(4):
427-437.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 291

Lamy, E. 1932c. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes du genre Pinna
Linne, 1758. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
(ser. 2), 4(7): 895-902.

Lamy, E. 1933. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes du genre Pema
Bruguiere, 1792. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
(ser. 2), 5(5): 393-399.

Lamy, E. 1935a. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes des genres
Crenatula, Malleus et Vulsella. Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 7(1): 64-70.

Lamy, E. 1935b. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes des genres
Avicula et Meleagrina. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, (ser. 2), 7(2): 127-134.

Lamy, E. 1937. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes de Katelysia (Moll.
Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
(ser. 2), 9(1): 73-77.

Lamy, E. "1940" [1941]. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes
d'Anomia (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 12(5-7): 344-347.

Lamy, E. "1941" [1942]. Notes sur les especes Lamarckiennes de
Cardium (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum National d'His-
toire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 13(5): 458-463; 13(6): 561-566; 14(1):
63-68; 14(2): 126-129; 14(3): 228-232; 14(4): 346-348.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. 1937a. Notes sur les especes Lamarck-
iennes de Tivela (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 9(1): 77-81.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. 1937b. Notes stir les especes Lamarck-
iennes de Meretrix (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 9(2): 156-158.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. 1937c. Notes sur les especes Lamarck-
iennes de Callista (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum Na-
tional d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 9(3): 212-216.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. 1937d. Notes stir les especes Lamarck-
iennes d'Amiantis, d'Hysteroconcha et de Lioconcha. Bulletin du
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 9(4): 270-274.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. "1937" [1938a]. Notes sur les especes
Lamarckiennes de Pitar (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 9(5): 326-329.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. "1937" [1938b]. Notes sur les especes
Lamarckiennes de Circe (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 9(6): 384-386.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. 1938c. Notes sur les especes Lamarck-
iennes de Crista (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum National
d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 10(1): 82-85.

292 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. 1938d. Notes sur les especes Lamarck-
iennes d'Anomalocardia (Moll. Lamellibr.). Bulletin du Museum
National d'Histoire Naturelle, (ser. 2), 10(2): 173-175.

Lamy, E. and E. Fischer-Piette. 1938e. Notes sur les especes Lamarck-
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Oliver, P.G. 1982b. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 11, Pectinacea
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Oliver, P.G. 1983. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 17, Achatinacea
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Riley, T.H. 1974. Type specimens in the palaeontological collections of
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Robertson, R., L. Richardson, G.M. Davis, and A.E. Bogan. 1983.
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Robertson, R., L. Richardson, G.M. Davis, and A.E. Bogan. 1986.
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Roman, F. 1937. Liste des types et echantillons figures conserves a la
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Thome, J.W. 1971. Redescrigao dos tipos de Veronicellidae (Mollusca,
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Thome, J.W. 1985. Redescrigao dos tipos de Veronicellidae (MoUusca,
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Thome, J.W. 1988b. Veronicellidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) pantropi-
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Thome, J.W. 1988c. Redescrigao dos tipos de Veronicellidae (Mollusca;
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Tillier, S. and P. Mordan. 1983. The conchological collections of
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Tomlin, J.R. le B. 1913. Notes on some types of Marginella in the Marrat
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Tomlin, J.R. le B. 1917. A systematic hst of the [Recent] Marginellidae.
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Tomlin, J.R. le B. 1932a. Notes from the British Museum. II. Arthur
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322 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Trew, A. 1983c. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 18, Placophora
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Trew, A. 1983d. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Parts 19, 20 and 21,
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Trew, A. 1984. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 30, Trochacea.
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Trew, A. 1985a. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 29, Hipponiacea /
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Trew, A. 1985b. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 31, Mitracea.
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Trew, A. 1985c. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 32, Helicacea
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Trew, A. 1986a. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 33, Helicacea
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Trew, A. 1986b. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 34, Architectoni-
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Trew, A. 1986c. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Parts 35 and 36,
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Trew, A. 1987a. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Parts 42 and 43,
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Trew, A. 1987c. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 44, Unionacea.
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OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 323

Trew, A. 1989. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 48, Conacea
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Trew, A. 1990a. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Parts 50, 51, 52, 53,
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Trew, A. 1990b. John R. Le B. Tomlin's new molluscan names.
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Trew, A. 1990c. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Parts 55 and 56,
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Trew, A. 1990d. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Parts 57 and 58,
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Trew, A. 1991. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 59, Conacea
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Trew, A. and P.G. Oliver. 1981a. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part
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Trew, A. and P.G. Oliver. 1981b. The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part
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Verdcourt, B. 1979b. Collectors in East Africa-l. A. E. Craven
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Verdcourt, B. 1981. Collectors in East Afi:ica-5. J. S. Gibbons. The
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Verdcourt, B. 1982. List of types of tropical African species described
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Whitfield, R.P. and E.O. Hovey. 1901. Catalogue of the types and
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328 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Whitley, G.P. 1968. Joyce Allan (1896-1966). Obituary, bibliography
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Whitley, G.P. 1972. The life and work of Tom Iredale (1880-1972).
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Wilkins, G.L. 1952. The shell collections of Sir Hans Sloane, Bart.
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Wilkins, G.L. 1953a. Notes on some recently recognized types in the
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Wilkins, G.L. 1953b. A catalogue and historical account of the Sloane
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Wilkins, G.L. 1953c. Notes from the British Museum, L Pinna.
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Wilkins, G.L. 1955. A catalogue and historical account of the Banks
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Wilkins, G.L. 1957. The Cracherode shell collection. Bulletin of the
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Willett, H. 1871. Catalogue of the Cretaceous fossils in the Brighton
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Wilson, E. 1890. Fossil types in the Bristol Museum. Geological
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Wilson, E.C. 1966. Type specimens of fossil invertebrates in the San
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Wilson, E.C. 1967. Primary type material of the Early Permian
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Wilson, E.G. 1986. Type specimens of fossil Invertebrata in the Natural
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Wilson, E.C. and D.E. Bing. 1970. Type specimens of fossil Invertebrata
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Wilson, E.C. and G.L. Kennedy. 1967. Type specimens of Recent
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Wilson, E.C. and L.R. Saul. 1986. [Announcement]. Collection transfer.
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Winwood, H.H. and E. Wilson. 1892. Charles Moore, F.G.S., and his
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Wolberg, D.L. 1990a. Notice of transfer of specimens figured by
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Wolberg, D.L. 1990b. Second notice of transfer of specimens figured
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Wolberg, D.L. 1990c. Third notice of transfer of cephalopods described
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Wolberg, D.L. 1991a. Fourth notice of transfer of specimens figured by
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Wolberg, D.L. 1991b. Fifth notice of transfer of specimens figured by
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Wolberg, D.L. 1991c. Sixth notice of transfer of specimens figured by
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Wolberg, D.L. 199 Id. Notice of transfer of fossils from the New Mexico
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Woods, H. 1891. Catalogue of the type fossils in the Woodwardian
Musevim, Cambridge. University Press, Cambridge, xvi + 180 pp.

Woods, H. 1893. Additions to the type fossils in the Woodwardian
Museum. Geological Magazine, (dec. 3), 10(3): 111-118.

Woodward, A.S. 1908. Illustrations of type specimens of Inferior Oolite
Ammonites in the Sowerby Collection. The Palaeontographical
Society, Monograph, 62: iii + 7 pis.

Woodward, F. 1979. The F. R. Woodward collection of freshwater
bivalves (Mollusca; Lamellibranchia: Unionacea). Biology Cura-
tors Group Newsletter, 2(5): 225-226.

330 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Wu, S.-K. and N.E. Brandauer. 1982. Type specimens of Recent
MoUusca in t±ie University of Colorado Museum. Natural History
Inventory of Colorado, 7: 1-47.

Yamagxichi, T., T. Habe, and T. Kikuchi. 1987. Studies on Von
Siebold's collections of mollusks still preserved in the Rijksmuseum
van Natuurlijke Historic, Leiden, The Netherlands. Von Siebold
and Natural History of Japan, 1: 43-78, pis C1-C28, Dl.

Yaron, I., T Schiotte, and G. Wium- Andersen. 1986. A review of
molluscan taxa described by P. Forsskal and C. Niebuhr with
citation of original descriptions, discussion of type-material avail-
able and selection of some lectotypes. Steenstrupia, 12(10):
157-203, figs. 1-50.

Yen, T.-C. 1939. Die chinesischen Land- und SiiBwasser-Gastropoden
des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenberg-
ischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 444: 1-234, pis. 1-16. [see
also Zilch, 1942].

Yen, T.-C. 1942. A review of Chinese gastropods in the British
Museum. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London,
24(5-6): 170-289, pis. 11-28.

Yen, T.-C. 1944. Notes on some unfigured type-specimens of Chinese
mollusks from the North Pacific Expedition. Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences (ser. 4) 23(38): 561-586, pis.
50-51.

Zagar-Sakac, A. 1981. tJber die Neogenen Unionazeen-Arten S. Brusina's
[O Neogenskim Vrstama Unionaceja S. Brusine]. Palaeontologia
Jugoslavica, 27: 1-26, pis. 1-3.

Zdun, V.I. 1969. Kollektsiya Baikal'skikh Molliuskov B. Dybovskogo v
Zoologicheskom Muzee L'vovskogo Universiteta. [The collection
of Baikal mollusks of B. Dybowski in the Zoological Museum of
the University of Lvov], pp. 68-70, in (B.G. loganzen, ed.),
Voprosy Malakologii Sibiri. [Malacological Problems in Siberia].
Materialy Mezhvuzovskoy Nauchno-Metodicheskoy Konferentsii
po Izucheniyu Presnovodnikh Molliuskov Sibiri, 26-28 lyonya
1969. Tomsk, Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo Universiteta, 202 pp. [In
Russian] .

Zeidler, W. 1983. The cephalopod collection in the South Australian
Museum. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 44:
77-79.

Zeidler, W. 1985. Mollusc type-specimens in the South Australian
Museum. 2. Gastropoda: Conidae. Records of the South Austra-
lian Museum, 19(5): 69-75, figs. 1-3.

Zeidler, W. and K. L. Gowlett. 1986. Mollusc type-specimens in the
South Australian Museum. 3. Polyplacophora. Records of the
South Australian Museum, 19(8): 97-115, fig. 1.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 331

Zeidler, W. and M.K. Macphail. 1978. Mollusc type-specimens in the
South Australian Museum. 1. Cephalopoda and Scaphopoda.
Records of the South Australian Museum, 17(26): 381-385.

Zilch, A. 1934. Zur Fauna des Mittel-Miocans von Kostej (Banat).
Typus-Bestimmung und Tafeln zu O. Boettger's Bearbeitvmgen.
Senckenbergiana, 16(4-6): 193-302, pis. 1- 22.

Zilch, A. 1935. Nachtrag zur Typus-Bestimmung der Fauna des Mittel
Miocans von Kostej (Banat). Senckenbergiana, 17(5-6): 226-228,
figs. 1-7.

Zilch, A. 1942. Nachtrag zu "Die Chinesischen Land- und Siisswasser-
Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg". Archiv fur Mol-
luskenkunde, 74(1): 28-36. [see Yen, 1939].

Zilch, A. 1951. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 4: Mollusca, Achatinidae. Senckenbergiana, 32(1-4): 39-47.

Zilch, A. 1952a. Die Typen und Tj^^oide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 6: Mollusca, Helicinae (1). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
81(1-3): 63-83.

Zilch, A. 1952b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 8: Mollusca, Helicinae (2). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
81(4-6): 135-173, pis. 5-6.

Zilch, A. 1953a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 9: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Diplommatininae. Archiv fur
Molluskenkunde, 82(1-3): 1-47, pis. 1-13.

Zilch, A. 1953b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 10: Mollusca, Pleurodontidae (1). Archiv fiir Mollus-
kenkunde, 82(4-6): 131-140, pis. 22-25.

Zilch, A. 1954a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 12: Mollusca, Clausiliidae (1): Phaedusinae, Neniinae.
Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 83(1-3): 1-63, pis. 1-4.

Zilch, A. 1954b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 13: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Cyclophorinae-Cyclophoreae
(1). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 83(4-6): 141-157, pis. 13-16.

Zilch, A. 1955a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 14: Mollusca, Viviparidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
84(1-3): 45-85, pis. 3-7.

Zilch, A. 1955b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 15: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Cyclophorinae-Cyclophoreae
(2). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 84(4-6): 183-209, pis. 13-15.

Zilch, A. 1956a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 17: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Cyclophorinae-Cyclophoreae
(3). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 85(1-3): 33-53, pis. 2-3.

Zilch, A. 1956b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 18: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Cyclophorinae (4). Archiv fur
Molluskenkunde, 85(4-6): 171-195, pis. 12-15.

332 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Zilchj A. 1957a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 19: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Pupininae. Archiv fur Mollus-
kenkunde, 86(1-3): 41-56, pis. 2-4.

Zilch, A. 1957b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 20: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Alycaeinae. Archiv fur Mollus-
kenkunde, 86(4-6): 141-150, pis. 5-6.

Zilch, A. 1958-1959. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 21: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Craspedopominae-
Cochlostominae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 87(1-3): 53-76, pis.
4-5; 88(1-3): 76 [errata].

Zilch, A. 1960. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 22: Mollusca, Camaenidae (2). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
89(4-6): 193-202, pis. 16-17.

Zilch, A. 1961. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
90(1-3): 79-120, pis. 5-9.

Zilch, A. 1962a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 26: Mollusca, Achatinellacea. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
91(1-3): 77-94, pis. 2-3.

Zilch, A. 1962b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 27: Mollusca, Pupillacea 1 (Amastridae, Cochlicopidae,
Pyramidulidae). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 91(4-6): 219-236, pi.
7.

Zilch, A. 1964a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 29: Mollusca, Camaenidae (3). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
93(5-6): 243-262, pi. 6.

Zilch, A. 1964b. Gottfried Nagele (1841-1914). Archiv fur Mollus-
kenkunde, 93(5-6): 263-266, 1 fig.

Zilch, A. 1965a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 30: Mollusca, Zonitidae, Zonitinae (1). Archiv fiir Mollus-
kenkunde, 94(1-2): 75-97, pis. 1-5.

Zilch, A. 1965b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 32: Mollusca, Helicinae (3). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
94(3-4): 169-181, pis. 8-10.

Zilch, A. 1965c. Werner Blume (1887-1965). Mitteilungen der Deutschen
Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 1(7): 107-108.

Zilch, A. 1966a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 33: Mollusca, Sphincterochilidae. Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
95(1-2): 89-105, pis. 1-2.

Zilch, A. 1966b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natvir-Museums Sencken-
berg, 34: Mollusca, Camaenidae (4). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
95(3-4): 197-223, pis. 3-6.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 333

Zilch, A. 1966c. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 35: MoUusca, Camaenidae (5). Archiv fiir MoUuskenkunde,
95(5-6): 293-319, pis. 7-11.

Zilch, A. 1967a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 36: Mollusca, Assimineidae. Archiv fiir MoUuskenkunde,
96(1-2): 67-100, pis. 1-6.

Zilch, A. 1967b. Aus der Geschichte des Senckenberg-Museums, Nr.
13. Geschichte der malakologischen Sektion. Archiv fiiir MoUus-
kenkunde, 97(1-6): 7-43, figs. 1-23.

Zilch, A. 1967c. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 39: Mollusca, Unionacea. Archiv fur MoUuskenkunde,
97(1-6): 45-154.

Zilch, A. 1968. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 41: Mollusca, Bradybaenidae, Bradybaeninae. Archiv fiiir
MoUuskenkunde, 98(3-4): 155-212, pis. 6-7.

Zilch, A. 1969a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 42: Mollusca, Buccinacea 1. Archiv fiir MoUuskenkunde,
99(3-4): 213-220, pis. 1, la.

Zilch, A. 1969b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 43: Mollusca, Pupillacea 2 (Valloniidae, Pleurodiscidae).
Archiv fur MoUuskenkunde, 99(3-4): 221-245, pis. 2-5.

Zilch, A. 1970. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 45: Mollusca, Hydrobiidae (1): Bythiospeum Bourguignat.
Archiv fiir MoUuskenkunde, 100(5-6): 319-346, pis. 16-19.

Zilch, A. 1971a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 47: Mollusca-Euthyneura von A. Doring aus Argentinien.
Archiv fiir MoUuskenkunde, 101(1-4): 195-213, pis. 11-13.

Zilch, A. 1971b. Nachtrage zu den malakologischen Veroffentlichungen
von W. Blume; Verzeichnis der von Blume neu beschriebenen
taxa. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft,
2(20): 293-294.

Zilch, A. 1971c. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, VIII.
Die Conchylien-Sammlung von Siegfried H. Jaeckel. Mitteilungen
der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2(21): 308-312.

Zilch, A. 1972a. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, IX. Zur
Konchylien-Sammlung von K. L. Pfeiffer. Mitteilungen der
Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2(22): 325-326.

Zilch, A. 1972b. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, X. Zur
Konchylien-Sammlung von P. Ehrmann. Mitteilungen der Deutschen
Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2(22): 327-329.

Zilch, A. 1972c. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, XI. Zur
Konchyhen-Sammlung von H. Kaltenbach. Mitteilungen der
Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2(22): 330-331.

334 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Zilch, A. 1972d. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 48: Mollusca: Bulimulidae (1). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
102(1-3): 133-145.

Zilch, A. 1972e. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 50: Mollusca: Clausiliidae (2): Alopiinae: Delimini (1).
Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 102(4-6): 247-259, pi. 11.

Zilch, A. 1973a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 51: Mollusca: Achatinacea (2): Ferrussaciidae, Subulinidae.
Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 103(1-3): 99-148, pis. 4-5.

Zilch, A. 1973b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 52: Mollusca: Hydrocenidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
103(4-6): 263-272, pis. 12-13.

Zilch, A. 1973c. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 53: Mollusca: Truncatellidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
103(4-6): 273-282, pis. 14-15.

Zilch, A. 1974. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, XTV.
Vinzenz Gredler und die Erforschung der Weichtiere Chinas durch
Franziskaner aus Tirol. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 104(4-6):
171-228, pis. 7-9, 9a.

Zilch, A. 1976a. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 55: Mollusca: Clausiliidae (3): Mentissoideinae. Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 106(4-6): 203-242, pis. 14-20.

Zilch, A. 1976b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 56: Mollusca: Aciculidae. Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
107(1-3): 123-136, pis. 11-12, 12a.

Zilch, A. "1976" [1977a]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 57: Mollusca: Clausiliidae (4): Alopiinae (2): Alopiini
(1). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 107(4-6): 309-363, pis. 25-28.

Zilch, A. 1977b. Caesar Rudolf Boettger (1888-1976). Archiv fiir
Molluskenktmde, 108(1-3): 1-16.

Zilch, A. 1977c. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 58: Mollusca: Clausiliidae (5): Alopiinae (3): Alopiini (2).
Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 108(1-3): 109-161, pis. 6-10.

Zilch, A. "1977" [1978a]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 59: Mollusca: Triptychiidae und Clausiliidae
(Nachtrage zu Teil 12). Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 108(4-6):
267-298.

Zilch, A. 1978b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 60: Mollusca: Succinacea. Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
109(1-3): 109-136, pis. 7-8.

Zilch, A. "1978" [1979a]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 61: Mollusca: Neritacea: Helicinidae. Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 109(4-6): 377-406, pis. 19-22.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 335

Zilch, A. 1979b. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 62: MoUusca: Zonitacea: Vitrinidae. Archiv fur Mollus-
kenkunde, 110(1-3): 81-101, pis. 6-8.

Zilch, A. "1979" [1980a]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museiuns
Senckenberg, 63: Mollusca: Zonitacea: Zonitidae: Vitreinae. Ar-
chiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 110(4-6): 261-279, pis. 17-19.

Zilch, A. "1979" [1980b]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 64: Mollusca: Oleacinacea. Archiv fur Mollus-
kenkunde, 110(4-6): 281-300, pis. 20-21.

Zilch, A. "1980" [1981a]. Richard Schlickum (1906-1979). Archiv fur
Molluskenkunde, 111(1-3): 1-14.

Zilch, A. "1980" [1981b]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 65: Mollusca: Clausiliidae (6): Alopiinae (4): Mon-
tenegrinini. Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 111(1-3): 123-145, pis.
11-15.

Zilch, A. "1980" [1981c]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 66: Mollusca: Stenothyridae. Archiv fiir Mollus-
kenkunde, 111(1-3): 147-163, pis. 16-17.

Zilch, A. "1980" [1981d]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 67: Mollusca: Viviparidae (Nachtrage zu Teil 24).
Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 111(4-6): 257-273, pi. 24.

Zilch, A. "1981" [1982]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 68: Mollusca: Helicacea: Bradybaenidae (2): Heli-
costylinae. Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 112(1-6): 49-156, pis. 1-4.

Zilch, A. "1982" [1983a]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 69: Mollusca: Muricidae: Rapaninae: Stenomphalus.
Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 113(1-6): 93-101, pi. 10.

Zilch, A. "1982" [1983b]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 70: Mollusca: Pupillacea (3): Vertiginidae: Nesopu-
pinae. Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 113(1-6): 103-116, 229-230.

Zilch, A. "1982" [1983c]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 71: Mollusca: Streptaxacea (2): Haplotrematidae,
Systrophidae, Rhytididae, Streptaxidae (Nachtrage zu Teil 24).
Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 113(1- 6): 117-149, 231-233, pis.
11-13.

Zilch, A. 1983d. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 72: Mollusca: Unionacea (Nachtrage zu Teil 39). Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 114(1-3): 77-92.

Zilch, A. 1983e. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 73: Mollusca: Micromelaniidae: Emmericiinae. Archiv fur
Molluskenkunde, 114(1-3): 93-107, pi. 4.

336 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Zilch, A. 1984. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 74: MoUusca: Pupillacea (4): Chondrinidae: Gastrocoptinae,
Hypselostomatiiiae, Aulacospirinae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,
115(1-3): 151-177, pis. 1-2.

Zilch, A. 1985. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Sencken-
berg, 75: Mollusca: Pupillacea (5): Pupillidae: Lauriinae, Argninae.
Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 116(1-3): 119-136, pis. 1-2.

Zilch, A. "1985" [1986]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 76: Mollusca: Pupillacea (6): Enidae: Spelaeoconchi-
nae, Cerastuinae, Drapamaudiinae. Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde,
116(4-6): 233-250, pis. 1-2.

Zilch, A. "1986" [1987a]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 77: Mollusca: Helicinae (4): Cepaea. Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 117(4-6): 223-239, pi. 1.

Zilch, A. "1986" [1987b]. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 78: Mollusca: Helicinae (Nachtrage zu Teil 6 und
8). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 117(4-6): 241-255.

Zilch, A. 1987c. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, XVI.
Wilhelm Wenz, seine Veroffendichungen und neuen Mollusken-
Taxa. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft,
41: 1-30.

Zullo, V.A. and L.G. Hertlein. 1970. Catalog of specimens in the type
collection of the Department of Geology, California Academy of
Sciences. Cephalopoda. Occasional Papers of the California
Academy of Sciences, 82: 1-130.

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

Published by

The Department of Mollusks

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Volume 5 1 August 1997 Number 70

ADDENDUM TO

"AN INDEXED CATALOGUE OF PUBLICATIONS

ON MOLLUSC AN TYPE SPECIMENS" (1992)

Alan R. Kabat^

and
Kenneth J. Boss^

Abstract. Our 1992 paper on malacological type publications
(Occasional Papers on Mollusks, 5(69): 157-336) catalogued over 1,150
papers on this subject. Inevitably, several overlooked publications have
come to light, along with numerous subsequently published papers of
relevance. This Addendum catalogues almost 125 publications. The
format of our 1992 publication is followed. A supplement at the end
contains various emendations to that work, primarily for certain museum
addresses.

Division of Mollusks NHB-1 18, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

2
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

02138 U.S.A.

337

338 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

ELECTRONIC TYPE CATALOGUES

Commencing in 1993, several natural history museums
have placed catalogues of their type specimens online as an
electronic computer database accessible through "GOPHER"
or the World Wide Web ("WWW") on the Internet. Such
catalogues can be searched by taxonomic group, author,
locality, geological age or formation (for fossils) and various
other categories. They have the advantage (over printed
versions) of being cheaper to issue, and can be readily
updated. However, they are only available to researchers with
electronic access, and should be supplemented by an archival
printed copy at the host institution.

Online catalogues containing molluscan types, with their
WWW and GOPHER addresses, are listed below. Please note
that these addresses are subject to change.

ANSP. Invertebrate Paleontology and Malacology Departments,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

gopher: erato.acnatsci.org

http://www.acnatsci.org/

CAS. Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

gopher: cas.calacademy.org

http://www.calacademy.org/

FMNH. Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago.

gopher: fmppr.fmnh.org

http://www.bvis.uic.edu: 80/museum/

FM. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida,
Gainesville.

http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 339

UCMP. Invertebrate Paleontology, Museum of Paleontology, University
of California, Berkeley.

gopher: ucmpl.berkeley.edu

http://ucmp 1 .berkeley.edu/

USNM. Division of Mollusks, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

gopher: nmnhgoph.si.edu

http://www.nmnh.si.edu/gopher-menus/TypeCatalogueofRecentMoUusks.html

YPM. Invertebrate Zoology and Invertebrate Paleontology, Peabody
Museum, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

gopher: peabody.yale.edu

http://www.peabody.yale.edu/

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following colleagues kindly informed us of various
overlooked publications: George L. Kennedy, Hermann L.
Strack, Anders Waren and the late Walter E. Sage. Dai
Herbert, Paula Mikkelsen and M.G. Harasewych informed us
of their forthcoming publications. Horst Ewert (Botschaft der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Washington D.C.) supplied us
with the new five-digit postal codes for the German museums.

340 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

AUTHORS INDEX

Abbott, R.T. --Harasewych, 1997

Adams, A. -Bijl and Moolenbeek, 1995.

Adams, C.B. --Aguirre, 1993; Johnson, 1996.

Ancey, C.-F. --Johnson, 1996; Verdcourt, 1993a.

Anton, H.E. -Schniebs, 1995-1996.

Baird, W. -Chatfield, 1994.

Baker, F. -Hertz, 1994.

Baker, F.C. -Yokes, 1994.

Baldwin, D.D. -Johnson, 1996.

Barnard, K.H. -Sysoev, 1996.

Bartsch, P. -Habe, 1992.

Beddome, C.E. -Cram, 1989; Griffiths, 1962.

Beets, C. -Winkler Prins, 1996.

Bellardi,L. -Gatto, 1993.

Bianconi, G.G. -Bonfitto, et ai, 1994.

Biggs, H.E.J. -Mienis, 1994a.

Blainville, H.-M.D. de -Lu, et ai, 1995.

Bourguignat, J.R. -Verdcourt, 1993a.

Brandt, R.A.M. -Amone and Orlando, 1992, 1993; Schutt

and Zilch, 1993.
Brocchi, G. -Garassino, 1995.
Brongniart, A. —Kennedy, 1993.
Calcara, P. -Palazzi and Sara, 1995.
Campiche, G. -Benier, 1993b.
Christiaens, J. -Sasaki and Okutani, 1994.
Cockerell, T.D.A. -Johnson, 1996.
Coen,G.S. -Mienis, 1994b- 1994c.
Connolly, M. -Verdcourt, 1994b.
Cooke, A.H. -Turner, 1993.
Cooke, CM. -Johnson, 1996.
Cossmann, M. — Marcomini, 1994.
Cotton, B.C. -Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 34 1

Dall, W.H. --Geiger, 1994; Kabat, 1996.

Darragh, T.A. --McNamara, et al, 1991.

d'Orbigny, A. --Aguirre, 1993-1994; Lu, gf a/., 1995.

Dunker,W. --Janssen, 1993; Kilias, 1995b.

Femssac, A.E.J.P.J.F.d'A. -Lu, etai, 1995.

Fischer, P. --Herbert, 1997

Fischer von Waldheim, G. -Ivanov, et al, 1993.

Forcart, L. -Wuthrich, et al, 1993.

Forsskal, P. ~Schi(t)tte, 1992.

Gaimard, P. ~Lu, era/., 1995.

Gould, A. A. -Johnson, 1996.

Gregorio, A. de -Amone and Orlando, 1991-1993; Mellini,

1986.
Gulick,J.T. -Johnson, 1996.
Habe, T. -Hasegawaand Saito, 1995.
Hartman,W.D. -Johnson, 1996.
Hertlein, L.G. -Boyko and Sage, 1996.
Hoeven, J. van der. -Bijl and Voskuil, 1993.
Homung, A. -Buzzurro and Greppi, 1995.
Houbrick, R.S. -Harasewych and Kabat, 1995.
Hyatt, A. -Johnson, 1996.
Hylton Scott, M.I. -Cazzaniga, 1992.
Iredale, T. -Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993.
Jay, J.C. -Boyko and Sage, 1996; Johnson, 1996.
Jaeckel, S. -Kilias, 1995b.
Jickeli, C.F. -Turner, 1993.
Kaas,P. -S track, 1996
Kendrick, G. -McNamara, era/., 1991.
Kenyon, A.F. -Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993.
Kobelt,W. -Kilias, 1992.
Kondo, Y. -Cowie, 1993; Johnson, 1996.
Kosuge, S. -Kosuge, 1992.
Krauss, F. — Bruggen, 1992.
Kuroda, T. -Kikuchi, 1996, 1997.

342 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Lamarck, J.B.P. --Aguirre, 1993-1994; Decrouez, 1993;

Dijkstra, 1994.
Lasswitz, R. --Klinger, 1994.
Lea, I. --Boyko and Sage, 1996; Johnson, 1996.
Lee, G.W. -Berset and Decrouez, 1992.
Lesueur, C.A. -Lu, etai, \995.
Linnaeus, C. -Wallin, 1992. \

Loriol, P. de --Benier, 1993a.

Lowe, R.T. --Mienis, 1993a. i

Ludbrook, N.H. --McNamara, era/., 1991. |

Mandahl-Barth, G. --Brown, 1995.

Mantell, G. -Cleevely and Chapman, 1992. |

Marcus, E. and Ev. -Boyko and Sage, 1996.
Martens, E. von -Bijl and Moolenbeek, 1994; Kabat and

Boss, 1997; Kilias, 1992, 1995b; Verdcourt, 1992a,

1992c.
Mayer, C. -Gatto, 1993.
Mermod, G. --Buzzurro and Greppi, 1995.
Mighels, J.W. -Johnson, 1996.
Monterosato, T.A. di -Mienis, 1993a.
Montrouzier, R.P. -Herbert, 1997

Moore, J.E.S. -Verdcourt, 1994a. j

Neal, M.C. -Johnson, 1996. '

Newcomb, W. —Johnson, 1996.
Niebuhr, C. -Schi(t)tte, 1992.
Nierstrasz, H.F. -Kilias, 1995a; Strack, 1987.
Nordsieck, F. -Van Aartsen and Menkhorst, 1 996.
Odhner,N.H. -Sandberg and Waren, 1993.
Paladilhe, A. -Mienis, 1993b.
Pallary, P. -Trew and Seddon, 1996.
Pearce, J.C. -Donovan and Crane, 1992.
Pease, W.H. -Johnson, 1994-1996.
Peile, A.J. -Mienis, 1993b.
Peyrot, A. -Marcomini, 1994.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 343

Pfeffer, G. --Kilias, 1995a.

Pfeiffer, K.L. --Verdcourt, 1995b.

Pfeiffer, L. --Johnson, 1996; Moolenbeek and Bijl, 1992;

Verdcourt, 1995 a.
Pictet, F.-J. -Benier, 1993b.
Pilsbry, H.A. -Aguirre, 1993; Boyko and Sage, 1996;

Johnson, 1996.
Plate, L. -Kilias, 1995a- 1995b.
Preston, H.B. -Kilias, 1992.
Prime, T. -Boyko and Sage, 1996.
Quoy, J.R.C. -Lu,etaL,\995
Recluz, C.A. -Kabat et al., 1997
Reeve, L.A. —Johnson, 1996.
Rochebrune, A.T. de — Lu, et al, 1995.
Sakurai, K. — Hasegawa and Saito, 1995.
Salvini-Plawen, L. von —Boyko and Sage, 1996.
Say,T. -Aguirre, 1993-1994.
Schlesch, H. -Mienis, 1993b.

Seguenza, G. — Geronimo, 1991; Micali and Villari, 1991.
Simroth, H. -Verdcourt, 1992c.
Smith, E.A. -Johnson, 1996; Trew, 1993a; Verdcourt,

1992a-b, 1993a-b.
Souleyet, L.F.A. —Lu, et al, 1995.
Souverbie, St.-M. -Herbert, 1997
Sowerby, G.B. [I]. -Aguirre, 1993.
Sowerby, J. -Cleevely and Chapman, 1992.
Spengler, L. -Kaas and Knudsen, 1992.
Starobogatov, Ya.I. -Sysoev and Kantor, 1992.
Steadman, W.R. -Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993.
Stoppani, A. -Garassino, 1994.
Sykes, E.R. -Johnson, 1996.
Thiele, J. -Kilias, 1992, 1995a.
Tiba, R. -Kosuge, 1993.
Trenberth, W.N. -Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993.

344 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Usticke, G.W.N. --Boyko and Sage, 1996.

Verco, J.C. --Loch, 1992.

Viader, R. -Loch, 1996.

Voss, G.L. —Sweeney and Roper, 1991.

Watson, R.B. -Aguirre, 1993.

Welch, D.A. -Johnson, 1996.

Wiktor, A. -Wiktor, 1992.

MUSEUMS INDEX

The sequence and format follows that of Kabat and Boss
(1992: 188-232); the full address is given only for those
museums not previously listed. When there is more than one
museum listed per country, they are arranged alphabetically
by city. See also the supplement at the end of this paper for
emendations to addresses of several museums.

1. Europe and Near East.

AUSTRL\

Geologisches Bundesanstalt, Wien
Stojaspal, 1994.

BELGIUM

Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles
[IRSNB]

Strack, 1987.

DENMARK

Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory [DBL]

Jaegersborg Alle Id

DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 345

Brown, 1995.

Zoologisk Museum, K(j)benhavn [ZMUC]
Kaas and Knudsen, 1992; Schi(t)tte, 1992.

FRANCE

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Bordeaux
Herbert, 1996.

Institut de Geologic, Lyon
?neuT,etaL, 1983.

Universite de Montpellier 11
Place Eugenc-Bastaillon
F-34095 Montpellier, France
Marandat, 1994

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [MNHN]
Aguirre, 1993-1994; Lu, etai, 1995; Marcomini, 1994.

Universite Pierre et Marie Curie,
Collection de Paleontologie,
Tour 24 - 3' Etage,
4 Place Jussieu,
F-75230 Paris France
Kennedy, 1993.

GERMANY

Zoologisches Museum Berlin [ZMB]

Kabat and Boss, 1996; Kilias, 1992-1995b; Verdcourt,
1992a, 1992c.

346 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Staatlichen Museums fur Tierkunde Dresden [MTK]
AugustusstraBe 2
D-01067 Dresden Germany
Schniebs, 1995-1996.

Natur-Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt [SMF]

Janssen, 1993; Kabat and Boss, 1996; Schiitt and Zilch,
1993; Turner, 1993; Van Aartsen and Menkhorst, 1996;
Verdcourt, 1995b.

GREAT BRITAIN

City of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery
Donovan and Crane, 1992.

University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge [UMZC]
Turner, 1993.

National Museum of Wales (Cardiff)

Department of Zoology [NMWZ]: Trew, 1993b-1994b.
Department of Geology: Owens and Bassett, 1995.

The Natural History Museum, London [BMNH]

Aguirre, 1993-1994; Chatfield, 1994; Cleevely and
Chapman, 1992; Cram, 1989; Griffiths, 1962; Johnson,
1994-1996; Kabat et ai, 1997; Mienis, 1994a; Sasaki
and Okutani, 1994; Trew, 1993a; Verdcourt, 1992a-b,
1993a- 1995a; Wheeler, 1995.

Maidstone Museum and Art Gallery
St. Faith's Street

Maidstone, Kent, ME 14 ILH United Kingdom
Chatfield, 1994.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 347

ISRAEL

Museum, Hebrew University of Jerusalem [HUJ]
Mienis, 1993a-b; 1994b- 1994c.

ITALY

Museo di Zoologia [MZB]
via S. Giacomo No. 9
1-40126 Bologna Italy
Bonfitto, era/., 1994.

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova [MSNG]
Buzzurro and Greppi, 1995.

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano [MSNM]
Garassino, 1994, 1995.

Museo di Zoologia della Universita di Palermo
Via Archirafi 1 8
1-90123 Palermo Italy
Orlando era/., 1994

Museo Regionale di Storia Naturale
Via Gala Rossa, 4
1-90049 Terrasini Italy

Amone and Orlando, 1991-1993; Orlando, 1995.

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale
Lungadige Porta Vittoria, 9
1-37129 Verona Italy
Mellini, 1986.

348 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

THE NETHERLANDS

Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam [ZMA]

Bijl and Moolenbeek, 1995; Moolenbeek and Bijl, 1992,
1994; Saito, 1994; Strack, 1987.

Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden [RMNH]
Bijl and Moolenbeek, 1994; Bijl and Voskuil, 1993;
Bruggen, 1992; Strack, 1987; Winkler Prins, 1996.

Natuurmuseum Rotterdam
Slieker, 1995.

POLAND

Muzeum Przyrodniczm im. Wladyslawa Rydzewskiego,
Uniwersytetu Wroclawiu,
Sienkiewicza21,
50-335 Wroclaw Poland
Wiktor, 1992.

Henryk Teisseyre Geological Museum
Institute of Geological Sciences
Uniwersytetu Wroclawiu,
ul. Cybulskiego
50-205 Wroclaw Poland
Klinger, 1994.

RUSSIA

Zoological Museum, Moscow State University [ZMMU or
ZMUM]

Ivanov, et ai, 1993.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 349

Central Siberian Geological Museum, Novosibirsk
Nalniaeva and Besprozvannykh, 1990.

Zoological Insitute, St. Petersburg [ZIN]
Sysoev and Kantor, 1992.

SPAIN

Museo de Geologico del Seminario de Barcelona,

Diputacio 23 1 ,

E-08007 Barcelona Spain

Calzada and Urquiola, 1992.

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2
E-28006 Madrid Spain
Templado, etal, 1993.

SWEDEN

Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm [SMNH]
Sandberg and Waren, 1993

Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala Universitet [ZMUU]
Wallin, 1992.

SWITZERLAND

Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel [NMB]
Gatto, 1993; Wiithrich, etal., 1993.

Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve [MHNG]

Benier, 1993a, 1993b; Berset and Decrouez, 1992;

350 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Cailliez, 1996; Decrouez, 1993; Dijkstra, 1994; Kabat, et
al., 1997.

2. Africa.

SOUTH AFRICA

South African Museum, Cape Town [SAFM]
Sysoev, 1996.

3. Asia and Oceania.

AUSTRALIA

South Australian Museum, Adelaide [SAM]

Gowlett-Holmes andZeidler, 1993; Loch, 1992.

Museum of Victoria, Melbourne [MV]
Loch, 1992.

Western Austrahan Museum, Perth [WAM]
McNamara, ^ra/., 1991.

Australian Museum, Sydney [AMS]
Jones, 1992; Loch, 1992, 1996.

JAPAN

General:

Hatai and Nisiyama, 1952; Hayami, 1975; Masuda and
Noda, 1976.

National Science Museum, Tokyo [NSMT]

Hasegawa and Saito, 1995; Kubodera and Tsuchiya,
1993;Saito, 1994.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 35 1

4. North America.

CANADA

Geological Survey, Ottawa [GSC]
Bolton, 1992.

British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria [BCPM]
Green and Peden, 1992.

MEXICO

Museo de Paleontologia, Universidade Nacional Autonoma
de Mexico [UNAM]
Perrilliat, 1992.

UNITED STATES

American Museum of Natural History, New York [AMNH]
Boyko and Sage, 1996.

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge [MCZ]
Aguiire, 1993; Johnson, 1994-1996; Kabat, 1996.

Chicago Academy of Sciences [CA]
Yokes, 1994.

Bemice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu [BPBM]
Cowie, 1993; Johnson, 1994.

Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca [PRI]
Johnson, 1996.

Namral History Museum of Los Angeles County [LACM]
Saul, 1993.

352 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Milwaukee Public Museum [MPM]
Sumpter and Meyer, 1 99 1 .

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [ANSP]
Aguirre, 1993-1994; Harasewych, 1997; Hertz, 1994;
Johnson, 1994; Yokes, 1994.

San Diego Natural History Museum [SDSNH]
Hertz, 1994.

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco [CAS]
Hertz, 1994; Kabat, 1996.

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History [SBMNH]
Kabat, 1996.

National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.

[USNM]

Aguirre, 1994; Geiger, 1994; Habe, 1992; Harasewych,
1996; Harasewych and Kabat, 1995; Hertz, 1994;
Johnson, 1994; Kabat, 1996.

Delaware Museum of Natural History, Wilmington
[DMNH]

Harasewych, 1997; Mikkelsen and Bradford, 1997.

5. South America.

CHILE

Museo de Zoologia, Concepcion
Cekalovic, etai, 1993.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 353

SYSTEMATIC INDEX

1. APLACOPHORA.

Boyko and Sage, 1996; Strack, 1987.

2. BIVALVIA.

Pectinidae: Dijkstra, 1994; Saito, 1994.
Unionoidea: Boyko and Sage, 1996.

3. CEPHALOPODA

(fossil): Berset and Decrouez, 1992; Donovan and Crane,
1992; Kennedy, 1993; Klinger, 1994; Nalniaeva and
Besprozvannykh, 1990; Prieur, et al, 1983; Saul, 1993;
Stojaspal, 1994.

(Recent): Kubodera and Tsuchiya, 1993; Lu, et al, 1995;
Sweeney and Roper, 1991.

4. GASTROPODA.

Achatinellidae: Cowie, 1993; Johnson, 1996.

Achatinidae: Kilias, 1992.

Bithyniidae: Brown, 1995.

Buccinidae: Kosuge, 1993.

Cerithioidea (5./.): Harasewych and Kabat, 1995; Trew,

1994a-b.
Coralliophilidae: Kosuge, 1992.
Cypraeidae: Cram, 1989; Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993;

Griffiths, 1962.
Endodontidae: Mienis, 1994b.
Eulimidae: Trew, 1993c.
Haliotidae: Geiger, 1994.
Helicidae: Bijl and Moolenbeek, 1994; Mienis, 1993a;

Moolenbeek and Bijl, 1992.
Hydatinidae: Bijl and Voskuil, 1993.

354 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Janthinidae: Trew, 1993b.

Littorinidae: Schniebs, 1995.

Lottidae: Sasaki and Okutani, 1994.

Mitridae: Turner, 1993.

Muricidae: Yokes, 1994.

Naticidae: Kabat, et ai, 1997; Schniebs, 1995.

Neritidae: Schniebs, 1995.

Ovulidae: Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993.

Partulidae: Cowie, 1993.

Planorbidae: Brown, 1995.

Pupillidae: Mienis, 1993b.

Pyramidellidae: Buzzurro and Greppi, 1995; Van Aartsen

and Nordsieck, 1996.
Ranellidae: Mienis, 1994c.
Triviidae: Gowlett-Holmes and Zeidler, 1993.
Trochidae: Herbert, 1997; Schniebs, 1996.
Turbinellidae: Schniebs, 1995.
Turbinidae: Herbert, 1997; Schniebs, 1996.
Turridae: Gatto, 1993; Sysoev, 1996.
Vasidae: see under Turbinellidae.

5. POLYPLACOPHORA.

Boyko and Sage, 1996; Kaas and Knudsen, 1992; Kilias,
1995a; Mikkelsen and Bradford, 1997; Strack, 1987,
1996.

6. SCAPHOPODA.

Boyko and Sage, 1996; Kilias, 1995b; Mikkelsen and
Bradford, 1997.

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Decrouez, D. 1993. Les collections du Departement de geologie et de
paleontologie des invertebres du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de
Geneve. 47. La collection Lamarck. Revue dePaleobiologie, 12(1):
311-323.

358 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Dijkstra, H.H. 1994. Type specimens of Recent species of Pectinidae
described by Lamarck (1819), preserved in the Museum d'Histoire
Naturelle of Geneva and the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
of Paris. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101(2): 465-532, 30 plates.

Donovan, D.T. and M.D. Crane. 1992. The type material of the Jurassic
cephalopod Belemnotheutis. Palaeontology, 35(2): 273-296, 5 plates.

Garassino, A. 1994 ["1992"]. Catalog© dei tipi del Museo Civico di
Storia Naturale di Milano XI. I moUuschi fossili del Calcare di Esino
della Collezione Stoppani. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze
Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 133(18):
245-260.

Garassino, A. 1995 ["1993"]. Catalogo dei tipi del Museo Civico di
Storia Naturale di Milano XII. I lamellibranchi della Collezione
Brocchi. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo
Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 134: 233-264.

Gatto, R. 1993. Rediscovered types of Turridae (Gastropoda) in the
Mayer-Eymar collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel.
Revue de Paleobiologie, 11(2): 483-489.

Geiger, D. 1994. Broken type specimen of H. pourtalesi. Abalone
News, 6(2): 22.

Geronimo, L di. 1991 ["1989"]. Mollusca: specie nuove plio-quatemaire
di G. Seguenza (1858-1881). Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei
Pericolanti, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, 67,
Supplemento, 1: 137-254 [types lost in 1908 earthquake in Messina].

Gowlett-Holmes, K.L. and W. Zeidler. 1993. Mollusc type specimens in
the South Australian Museum. 5. Gastropoda: Cypraeoidea.
Records of the South Australian Museum, 26(2): 87-103.

Green, G.D. and A.E. Peden. 1992. Type specimens of animals and
plants in the Royal British Columbia Museum. Victoria, Royal
British Columbia Museum Technical Manual, 25 pages [supplement
to Peden and Green, 1982].

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 359

Griffiths, R.J. 1962. The types of C. albata and C. subcarnea Beddome.
The Cowry, 1(4): 60-61, plate 7, figures J-M.

Habe, T. 1992. Illustrations of the Philippine marine gastropods
described by Paul Bartsch in 1918. Venus, The Japanese Journal of
Malacology, 50(4): 296-302.

Harasewych, M.G. 1997 The life and malacological contributions of R.
Tucker Abbott (1919-1995). The Nautilus, 110 [in press].

Harasewych, M.G. and A.R. Kabat. 1995. Richard S. Houbrick (1937-
1993): biographical sketch and malacological contributions. The
Nautilus, 108(3): 61-66.

Hasegawa, K. and H. Saito. 1995. Illustrations and annotated checklist
of the molluscan type specimens contained in the Sakurai Collection
in the National Science Museum, Tokyo. Tokyo, National Science
Museum, 56 pages.

Hatai, K. and S. Nisiyama. 1952. Check list of Japanese Tertiary marine
Mollusca. The Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Sendai
(series 2, Geology), Special Volume, 3: 1-464 [see also Masuda and
Noda, 1976].

Hay ami, I. 1975. A systematic survey of the Mesozoic Bivalvia from
Japan. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Bulletin,
10: iv + 249 pages, 10 plates [Appendix, pages 177-188, "Registered
specimens preserved in the University Museum, University of
Tokyo"]. [A companion volume to Hayami and Kase (1977), cited
in our first catalogue.]

Herbert, D.G. 1997 ["1996"] A critical review of the trochoidean types
in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Bordeaux (Mollusca:
Gastropoda). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
Section A, Zoologie (4*= serie), 18(3-4): 409-445.

Hertz, CM. 1994. Dr. Fred Baker, San Diego conchologist: a most
remarkable man. The Festivus, 26(1): 3-14.

Ivanov, D.L., Yu.I. Kantor, A.V. Sysoev, and R.V. Egorov. 1993. Type

360 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

specimens of molluscs described by G. Fischer von Waldheim in
1807. Apex, 8(3): 71-94, plates 1-9.

Janssen, R. 1993. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums
Senckenberg, 81. Die Typen der von Dunker 1860/1861
beschriebenen japanischen MeeresmoUusken. Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 122: 403-435.

Johnson, R.I. 1994. Types of shelled Indo-Pacific mollusks described by
William Harper Pease (1824-71). Bulletin of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, 154(1): 1-61.

Johnson, R.I. 1996. Types of land and freshwater mollusks from the
Hawaiian Islands in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 155(4): 159-214.

Jones, R. 1992. The type and figured collection (excluding plant fossils)
in the Palaeontology Section of the Australian Museum, with special
reference to vertebrates. The Beagle, Records of the Northern
Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, 9(1): 249-254.

Kaas, P. and J. Knudsen. 1992. Lorentz Spengler's descriptions of
chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Zoologische Mededelingen,
66(3): 49-90.

Kabat, A.R. 1996. Molluscan types of the Albatross expeditions to the
Eastern Pacific described by W.H. Dall (1908). Bulletin of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, 155(1): 1-30.

Kabat, A.R. and K.J. Boss. 1997 Karl Eduard von Martens (1831-1904):
His Life and Works. Department of Mollusks, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge MA. vii + 417 pp.

Kabat, A.R., Y. Finet and K. Way. 1997. Catalogue of the Naticidae
(Mollusca: Gastropoda) described by C.A. Recluz, including the
location of type specimens. Apex, 12(1): 15-26.

Kennedy, W.J. 1993. A note on the lectotype of Ammonir^^ ^eau^ann
Brongniart, 1822 (Cretaceous, Albian). Cretaceous Research, 14(2):
235-238.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 361

Kikuchi, N. 1996. Catalogue of the shellfish type specimens described
by the late Dr. Tokubei Kuroda in the possession of Nishinomiya
City. Nishinomiya City [and the Kikushi Institute of Malacology].
152 pp., 44 pis.

Kilias, R. 1992. Die Typen und Typoide der Mollusken-Sammlung des
Zoologischen Museums in Beriin (11). 11. Euthyneura,
Stylommatophora, Sigmurethra: Achatinoidea 2, Achatinidae.
Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 68(1): 167-
180.

Kilias, R. 1995a. Polyplacophora-Typen und -Typoide (MoUusca) im
Zoologischen Museum in Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem
Zoologischen Museum in Berhn, 71(1): 155-170.

Kilias, R. 1995b. Scaphopoda-Typen und -Typoide (Mollusca) im
Zoologischen Museum in Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem
Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 71(1): 171-177.

Klinger, H.C. 1994. Cretaceous ammonite collection from Texas: R.
Lasswit2, Die Kreide-Ammoniten von Texas. Journal of
Paleontology, 68(6): 1409.

Kosuge, S. 1992. Transfer of the holotypes (No. 1). Bulletin of the
Institute of Malacology Tokyo, 2(10): 158, 171.

Kosuge, S. 1993. The memories of the late Mr. Ranja Tiba (28 April
1909 - 28 May 1993). Occasional Publication of the Institute of
Malacology of Tokyo, North Pacific Shells, 19: 1-28, 5 plates [type
repository not specified].

Kubodera, T. and K. Tsuchiya. 1993. Catalogue of specimens of the
Class Cephalopoda (Phylum Mollusca) in The National Science
Museum, Tokyo. Tokyo, National Science Museum [unpaginated].

Loch, I. 1992. J. C. Verco - Malacological bibliography and taxa.
Australian Museum, Sydney (manuscript), 9 pages.

Loch, I. 1996. Notice: R. Viader collection. Molluscan Research, 17:
110.

362 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Lu, C.C, R. Boucher-Rodoni and A. Tillier. 1995. Catalogue of types of
Recent Cephalopoda in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle
(France). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section
A, Zoologie (4= serie), 17(3-4): 307-343.

Marandat, B. 1994. Premier catalogue des specimens-types
paleontologiques deposes dans les collections de I'Universite de
Montpellier II (Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc).
Paleovertebrata (Memoire extraordinaire), 1 13 pages.

Marcomini, J.-L. 1994. La collection Leon Silvestre de Sacy (1867-
1928). Cossmanniana, Bulletin du Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche
Macrofaune Cenozoique, 3(1): 13-29.

Masuda, K. and H. Noda. 1976. Check list and bibliography of the
Tertiary and Quaternary Mollusca of Japan, 1950-1974. Sendai,
Saito Ho-on Kai, 494 pages.

McNamara, K.J., J.A. Long and K. Brimmell. 1991. Catalogue of type
fossils in the Western Australian Museum. Records of the Western
Australian Museum, Supplement, 39: 106 pages.

Mellini, A. 1986 ["1985"]. Revisione di alcuni tipi di molluschi fossili
eocenici di A. De Gregorio. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia
Naturale di Verona, 12: 381-403.

Micali, P. and A. Villari. 1991 ["1989"]. Le specie malacologiche di
Salice (Messina) istituite da Giuseppe Seguenza. Atti della
Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, Classe di Scienze Fisiche,
Matematiche e Naturali, 67, Supplemento, 1: 345-363 [types not
extant (see also paper by Geronimo herein)].

Mienis, H.K. 1993a. Type specimens of Mollusca in the collection of the
Hebrew University of Jersualem, 4. The genus Theba Risso, 1826
(Hehcidae). Levantina, 76: 13-14.

Mienis, H.K. 1993b. Type specimens of Mollusca in the collection of the
Hebrew University of Jersualem, 5. The genus Pupoides Pfeiffer,
1854 (Pupillidae). Levantina, 76: 23-25.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 363

Mienis, H.K. 1994a. Revd H.E.J. Biggs (1895-1973): an update of his
malacological publications, with a list of the taxa introduced by him
in the Mollusca. The Conchologists' Newsletter, 128: 293-295.

Mienis, H.K. 1994b. A note on the type material of Chronos fultoni
Coen, 1922, from Papua New Guinea (Pulmonata: Endodontidae
Charopinae). Basteria, 58(5-6): 194.

Mienis, H.K. 1994c. Type specimens of Mollusca in the collection of the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 6. The genus Ranella Lamarck,
1816 (Ranellidae). Levantina, 81: 5-7.

Mikkelsen, P.M. and A. Bradford. 1997. Annotated catalog of type
specimens in the malacological collection of the Delaware Museum
of Natural History. Part II. Additions and corrections to Part I
(Prosobranchia, AUogastropoda, and Opisthobranchia), plus Bivalvia,
Scaphopoda and Polyplacophora. Nemouria, Occasional Papers of
the Delaware Museum of Natural History [in press].

Moolenbeek, R.G. and A.N. van der Bijl. 1992. The type specimen of
Helix conospira Pfeiffer, 1851 (Notes on the history of the
Malacological Collection [of] the Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam,
No. 1). The Chiribotan, Newsletter of the Malacological Society of
Japan, 23(1): 4-6.

Moolenbeek, R.G. and A.N. van der Bijl. 1994. De malacologen bij
Natura Artis Magistra en het Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam 1 838-
1964. Pages 29-40, [in] M. Coomans-Eustatia, R. Moolenbeek, W.
Los and P. Prins (eds.), De Horen en Zijn Echo. Verzameling essays
opgedragen aan Dr Henny E. Coomans ter gelegenheid van zijn
afscheid van de Universiteit van Amsterdam op 9 September 1994.
Stichting Libri Antilliani [and] Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam, 280
pages.

Nalniaeva, T.I. and N.I. Besprozvannykh. 1990. Katalog originalov,
khranyashchikhsya v paleontologicheskom otdele tsentrl'nogo
sibirskogo geologicheskogo muzeya pri institute geologii i geofiziki.
Molliuski {Nautilina, Belemnoidea, Gastropoda}. [Catalogue of
originals, held in the paleontological department of the Central
Siberian Geological Museum at the Institute of Geology and

364 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Geophysics. Mollusks {Nautilina, Belemnoidea, Gastropoda}].
Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Sibirskoe Otdelenie Institut Geologii i
Geofiziki [Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Siberian Department.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics], Novosibirsk, 106 pages [with
Latin name indices].

Orlando, V.E. 1995. Designazione di lectotypi della collezioni del
Museo Regionale di Terrasini (Palermo), Mollusca. Naturalista
Siciliano, (ser. 4) 19(1-2): 85-87.

Orlando, V.E., S. Palazzi and M. Sara. 1994 I Tipi de Molluschi del
Museo deirinstituto di Zoologia dell'Universita di Palermo.
NaturaUsta Siciliano (ser. 4), 18(3-4): 231-238.

Owens, R.M. and M.G. Bassett. 1995. Catalogue of the type, figured,
and cited fossils in the National Museum of Wales. Supplement
1971-1994. National Museum of Wales Geological Series, 12: 1-
250.

Perrilliat, M. del C. 1992. Catalogo de ejemplares tipo de invertebrados
fosiles en la coleccion paleontologica del Instituto de Geologia,
UNAM, Mexico, de los anos 1977 a 1988. Paleontologia Mexicana,
58: 1-55.

Prieur, A., N. Coudert, M. le Hegarat and M. Sirven. 1983. Catalogue
des types et figures conserves a I'Universite C. Bernard - Lyon I -
6eme liste: Ammonites. Lyon, Departement des Sciences de la
Terre, Universite Claude-Bernard, 1,050 pages.

Saito, H. 1994. Correction of registered number and transfer of
depository of type materials of Chlamys (Hinnites) boninensis
Dijkstra & Matsukuma, 1993. Venus, The Japanese Journal of
Malacology, 53(3): 240.

Sandberg, L. and A. Waren. 1993. Molluscan taxa introduced by Nils
Hjahnar Odhner. Malakologische Abhandlungen, 16(15): 117-134.

Sasaki, T. and T. Okutani. 1994. Type specimens of four lottiid limpets
described by J. Christiaens (1980) from Hong Kong. Venus, The
Japanese Journal of Malacology, 53(2): 129-132.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 365

Saul, L.R. 1993. Type and referred specimens of fossil Invertebrata in
the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Supplement 4:
specimens formerly conserved at the University of California, Los
Angeles. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County,
Technical Report, 8: iv + 72 pages.

Schi(|)tte, T. 1992. Forsskal and Niebuhr: their expeditions and
collections. Pages 353-356, [in] E. Gittenberger and J. Goud (eds.),
Proceedings of the Ninth International Malacological Congress
Edinburgh, 31 August - 6 September 1986. Leiden, UNITAS
Malacologica and Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, 414 pages.

Schniebs, K. 1995. Die Typen und Typoide der Molluskensammlung des
Staatlichen Museums fiir Tierkunde Dresden (I). Die Typen der von
Anton (1838) beschriebenen rezenten Mollusken: 1. Neritidae,
Littorinidae, Naticidae, Vasidae. Malakologisches Abhandlungen,
17(12): 167-171.

Schniebs, K. 1996. Die Typen und Typoide der Molluskensammlung des
Staatlichen Museums fiir Tierkunde Dresden (I). Die Typen der von
Anton (1838) beschriebenen rezenten Mollusken: 2. Trochidae,
Turbinidae, Stomatellidae. Malakologisches Abhandlungen, 18(7):
69-74.

Schiitt, H. and A. Zilch. 1993 ["1990"]. Rolf Brandt (1917-1989).
Archiv fiir Molluskenkunde, 121(1-6): 15-29.

Slieker, F.J. A. 1995. Catalogue of molluscan type specimens in the
Natuurmuseum Rotterdam (Mollusca: Gastropoda, Bivalvia).
Deinsea, Jaarbericht van het Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, 2: 33-40.

Stojaspal, F. 1994. Typen und Abbildungsoriginale von Makrofossilien
aus Ungam in den Sammlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in
Wien. Pages 519-520, [in] H. Lobitzer, G. Csaszar and A. Daurer
(eds.), Julilaumsschrift 20 Jahre Geologische Zusammenarbeit
Osterreich - Ungarn, Teil 2. Wien, Geologische Bundesanstalt, 520
pages.

Strack, H.L. 1987. Nierstrasz als malacoloog. Correspondentieblad van
de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging, 238: 316-323.

366 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Strack, H.L. 1996. In memoriamPieterKaas (1915-1996). Basteria, 60:
161-169.

Sumpter, P.M. and J.J. Meyer. 1991. Catalog of fossil type and figured
specimens in the Milwaukee Public Museum. Milwaukee Public
Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology, 82: 1-46.

Sweeney, M.J. and C.F.E. Roper. 1991. Gilbert L. Voss: a
commemoration, bibliography and described taxa. Bulletin of
Marine Science, 49(1-2): 5-19.

Sysoev, A.V. 1996. Taxonomic notes on South African deep-sea
conoidean gastropods (Gastropoda: Conoidea) described by K.H.
Barnard, 1963. The Nautilus, 110(1): 22-29.

Sysoev, A.V. and Yu.I. Kantor. 1992. Names of MoUusca introduced by
Ya. I. Starobogatov in 1957-1992. Dedicated to [his] 60th
anniversary [birthday]. Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal,
2(2): 119-159.

Templado, J., L. Baratech, M. Calvo, M. Villena and T. Aparicio. 1993.
Los "Ejemplares Tipo" de las colecciones malacologicas del Museo
Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Madrid, Museo Nacional de
Ciencias Naturales, Monografias, 328 pages.

Trew, A. 1993a. Edgar Albert Smith's new molluscan names. Cardiff,
National Museum of Wales, 86 pages.

Trew, A. [1993b] (undated). The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 60:
Epitonioidea (Janthinidae). Handlists of the Molluscan Collections
in the Department of Zoology, National Museum of Wales. Cardiff,
V -I- 4 pages.

Trew, A. [1993c] (undated). The Melvill-Tomhn Collection, Part 61:
Eulimoidea. Handlists of the Molluscan Collections in the
Department of Zoology, National Museum of Wales. Cardiff, 28
pages.

Trew, A. [1994a] (undated). The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 62:
Cerithioidea (non marine) (Thiaridae, Melanopsidae and

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 367

Pleuroceridae). Handlists of the Molluscan Collections in the
Department of Zoology, National Museum of Wales. Cardiff, vi +
96 pages.

Trew, A. [1994b] (undated). The Melvill-Tomlin Collection, Part 63:
Cerithioidea (marine) (Planaxidae, Modulidae, Cerithiidae, Dialidae,
Litiopidae, Campanilidae, Diastomatidae, Potamididae, Fossaridae,
Symolopsidae, Turritellidae, Siliquaridae, Vermetidae). Handlists of
the Molluscan Collections in the Department of Zoology, National
Museum of Wales. Cardiff, v + 83 pages [note: the Symolopsidae
are actually non-marine].

Trew, A. and M. Seddon. 1996. Paul Pallary's (1891-1939) new
molluscan names. Cardiff, National Museum of Wales [in press].

Turner, H. 1993. Mitriform gastropods: confused and neglected taxa
from the Red Sea. Revision of five taxa of Costellariidae introduced
by Jickeh and Cooke. La Conchiglia, 25(268): 10-15.

Van Aartsen, J.J. and H.P.M.G. Menkhorst. 1996. Nordsieck's
Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda Prosobranchia): A revision of his types.
Part 1: The genera Chrysallida, Ondina (s.n. Evalea) and Menestho.
Basteria, 60: 45-56.

Verdcourt, B. 1992a. Collectors in East Africa- 15: Emin Pasha. The
Conchologists' Newsletter, 120: 439-448.

Verdcourt, B. 1992b. Collectors in East Africa. No. 16: W. Doherty
(1857-1901). The Conchologists' Newsletter, 122: 60-65.

Verdcourt, B. 1992c. Collectors in East Africa. No. 17: G.A. Fischer
(1848-1886). The Conchologists' Newsletter, 123: 93-97.

Verdcourt, B. 1993a. Collectors in East Africa. No. 18: E.C. Hoare
(1848-1912). The Conchologists' Newsletter, 124: 126-137.

Verdcourt, B. 1993b. Collectors in East Africa. No. 19: Supplement to
Parts 2, 3 and 4. The Conchologists' Newsletter, 126: 217-223.

Verdcourt, B. 1994a. Collectors in East Africa. No. 20: J.E.S. Moore

368 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

(1870-1947). The Conchologists' Newsletter, 129: 327-332.

Verdcourt,B. 1994b. Collectors in East Africa. No. 21: C.R.S. Pitman
(1890-1975). The Conchologists' Newsletter, 131: 417-424.

Verdcourt, B. 1995a. Collectors in East Africa. No. 22: J. Petherick
(1813-1882). The Conchologists' Newsletter, 131: 453-458.

Verdcourt, B. 1995b. Collectors in East Africa. No. 23: K.L. Pfeiffer
(1874-1952). The Conchologists' Newsletter, 133: 490-494.

Yokes, E.H. 1994. The muricid types of Frank Collins Baker. The
Nautilus, 107(4): 118-123.

Wallin, L. 1992. Linnaean specimens in the Zoological Museum of
Uppsala University. Archives of Natural History, 19(2): 219-230.

Wheeler, A. 1995. Zoological collections in the British Museum: the
Linnean Society's Museum. Archives of Natural History, 22(2): 235-
254.

Wiktor, J. 1992. Type specimens of invertebrates (excluding insects) in
the Wladyslaw Rydzewski Museum of Natural History Wroclaw
University. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, 1124, Prace
Zoologiczne, 23: 137-155.

Winkler Prins, C.F. 1996. In memoriam Dr. C. Beets (1916-1995).
Basteria, 59(4-6): 141-148.

Wuthrich, M., A. Zilch and H. Turner. 1993 ["1990"]. Lothar Forcart
(1902-1990). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 121(1-6): 1-13.

Supplement to 1992 paper.

Three papers which were "in press" at the time of our
1992 catalogue were subsequently published. We list here
further bibliographical data; please make the following
emendations to the bibliography of Kabat and Boss (1992):

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 369

Kabat and Finet (1992) -- pagination: 223-253.

Kohn (1992) ~ actual title: "A chronological taxonomy of

Conus, 1758-1840" ~ pagination: x -h 315 pages, 26

plates.
Schi({)tte and Waren (1992) - add: 35: 1-34.

Several museums have had changes in addresses or
institutional names which are listed below. In particular, new
five-digit postal codes are now in effect for the museums in
Germany.

Zoologisches Museum, Berlin: D- 101 15 Berlin.
Palaontologisches Museum und Institut, Bonn:

D-53111Bonn.
Ubersee Museum, Bremen: D-28195 Bremen.
Naturwissenschaftliches Museum, Coburg: D-96450 Coburg
Staatliches Museum, Dresden: D-01067 Dresden.
Lobbecke Museum + Aquazoo, Diisseldorf:

Lobbecke Museum + Aquazoo, Scheidt-Keim-Stiftung,

Kaiserwerther StraBe 380, D-40200 Diisseldorf.
Natur-Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt: D-60325 Frankfurt.
Bergakademie Freiberg: D-09599 Freiburg.
Museum der Natur, Gotha: D-99867 Gotha.
Zoologisches Museum, Gottingen: D-37073 Gottingen.
Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg: D-20146 Hamburg.
Zoologisches Museum der Universitat, Kiel: D-24105 Kiel.
Kulturhistorisches Museum, Magdeburg:

D-39 104 Magdeburg.
Bayerische Staatssammlung, Munchen: D-80333 Miinchen.
Zoologische Staatssammlung, Miinchen: D-81247 Munchen.
Geologisch-Palaontologisch Institut, Munster:

D-48149Munster.
Naturkundemuseum Reutlingen: D-72764 Reutlingen.

370 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Stuttgart:

D-70191 Stuttgart.
Institut und Museum fiir Geologie und Palaontologie,

Tubingen: D-72076 Tubingen.
Naturhistorischen Museum, Wiesbaden:

D-65 185 Wiesbaden.

The Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam has a revised maihng
address:

P.O. Box 94766, NL 1090 GT Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.

The Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve (Switzerland) has
a new postal address: P.O. Box 6434.

The National Museum of New Zealand is now known as the
"Museum of New Zealand" [= "Te Papa Tongarewa"] but
the museum acronym (NMNZ) and the address remain
unchanged.

Canada: the Geological Survey acronym should be GSC.

f^

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

Published by

The Department of Mollusks

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Volume 5 1 August 1997 Number 71

COMMENTS ON "THE FINAL REPORT"OF A

MASSIVE SEARCH FOR

LASMIGONA DECORATA (LEA, 1852) AND

ALASMIDONTA ROBUSTA CLARKE, 198 1

(BIVALVIA: UNIONIDAE) FROM THE CAROLINAS

Richard I. Johnson^

Abstract. An extensive search of the Cooper-Santee and Pee Dee River
Systems by Keferl and Shelley (1988) in a quest for the nominal species
Lasmigona decorata (Lea, 1852) and Alasmidonta robusta Clarke, 1981
resulted in finding a few specimens that were identified as the former and
none identified as the latter. I suggest that both these nominal species
may be large examples of well known species. A number of unionid
species previously unrecorded from the Pee Dee River System are listed.

Department of Mollusks, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA

02138.

371

372 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

In 1986 the North Carolina State Museum of Natural
Science was contracted by the Office of Endangered Species,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to make a status survey of
Alasmidonta robusta Clarke, 1981 and Lasmigona decorata
(Lea, 1852), which Clarke (1985: 57) had removed from the
Johnson (1970: 343) synonymy of Lasmigona subvirdis
(Conrad, 1835). An astonishing number of localities were
sampled during the survey by Keferi and Shelley (1988), 452
on 237 different rivers, streams, and impoundments in the
Catawaba River drainage of the Cooper-Santee River System
and the Lynches and Pee Dee River drainages of the Pee Dee
River System. Their efforts at five localities in the headwater
streams of the two river systems resulted in the discovery of
a few specimens identified by them as L. decorata; no
examples of A. robusta were collected.

Isaac Lea (1792-1886) described more than a score of
nominal unionid species from the headwater streams of the
Catawba River in Mecklenburg County, part of the Cooper-
Santee River System, and from the upper part of the Pee Dee
River System in Union County; both counties being in North
Carolina. Many of these nomina are now recognized as
synonyms of species of Elliptio or Uniomerus. It would
appear that the streams in this area once abounded with
unionids. Specimens of some described taxa such as
Anodonta doliaris Lea, 1863 (Johnson, 1970, pi. 14, fig. 3)
and Unio charlottensis L&d., 1863 (Johnson, 1970, pi. 12, fig.
9) attained large size as, it appears, did Alasmidonta robusta
Clarke, 1985 (p. 81, fig. 27. a-c).

Keferi and Shelley (1988: 21) noted that in the nineteenth
century many of these headwater streams were dammed to
produce mill ponds (Bissels Pond, Elias Pond, Flanigans
Pond, and Pfeiffers Pond may be examples) since "many
remnants of small dams and walls made of native rock were
discovered." The exact location of all of these ponds, some

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 373

which are type localities, has not been determined. Johnson
(1970: 345) assumed that the existence of ponds produced an
environment favorable to growth which led to both Unio
decoratus and charlotensis being placed in the synonymy of
L. subviridis (Conrad, 1835). Clarke (1985: 57) stated that,
"except for its much larger size and increased shell thickness,
the shells of L. decorata do not differ significantly from those
of L. subviridis.''''

Most of the nominal species described by Lea from the
Abbeville District, South Carolina appeared to Johnson
(1970) to belong to the Savannah River System. Clarke
(1985: 60) correctly noted that the district was bordered on
the east by the Saluda River and that since no Lasmigona
have been positively reported from the Savannah River
System there is no reason to think that L. decorata ever
extended beyond the Cooper-Santee River System. Clarke
concluded that L. decorata was probably restricted to the
upper tributaries of the Catawba and Pee Dee drainages in the
vicinity of Mecklenberg and Union Counties, North Carolina.
Since then, however, Atheam (1992: 91) has reported the
finding of Lasmigona decorata [not seen] from the Oconee
River (a tributary of the Savannah River) about 0.4 mi. NW
of Wallace Dam Site, Putnam County, Georgia.

Specimens identified by Keferl and Shelley (1988: 24) as
L. decorata were collected living at two sites in Waxahaw
Creek of the Catawba River drainage and at three sites in
Goose Creek and Lynches River of the Pee Dee River
System. Three of the specimens from Waxahaw Creek
measured from 100 to 118 mm in length and even smaller
ones from Goose Creek and Lynches River are larger from
those of L. subviridis found in more northern river systems.
However, if there is sufficient genetic differences to
distinguish that L. subviridis and decorata are distinct species
it will be done by electrophoresis and not on the basis of shell

374 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

characteristics.

Clarke (1981: 81-84) based his description of
Alasmidonta robusta on five examples from Long Creek [near
Charlotte], Mecklenburg County, North Carolina collected by
Charles M. Wheatley (1822-1882) who wrote "new" in the
largest specimen. Four of these are in the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and one is now in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Clarke, after a considerable discussion of the differences
between robusta and Alasmidonta varicosa (Lamarck, 1819)
conceded that it was a problem to decide if robusta was
distinct from the latter. The largest specimen, mentioned
above, measuring 65.65 mm in length, was selected as
holotype ANSP 126755 and illustrated by line drawings.
Since the reproduction of the photograph of the holotype,
showing its tooth structure and another of a paratype in Keferl
and Shelley (1988: figs. 19 and 17) are not especially clear,
the holotype and two of the paratypes are here illustrated
(Plate 20). Johnson (1970) illustrated the holotypes of the
other nominal species discussed above, Unio decoratus, U.
charlottensis, and Anodonta doliaris, and it is suggested that
they are, as well as A. robusta, ecophenotpic variants of other
species.

Since it is not known if the "Final Report"(Keferl and
Shelley, 1988) is actually considered a publication, it should
in any case, be pointed out that while their incredibly
extensive collecting did not add any additional species to the
21 recorded from the Cooper-Santee River System by
Johnson (1970: 274 [given as 20, Pleurobema masoni
(Conrad, 1834) was inadvertently left off the chart]). Their
collecting in the Pee Dee River System, of species previously
unrecorded from it, listed below, indicates that this system
contains about the same number of species as the Cooper-
Santee River System to the south and the Cape Fear River

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 375

System to the north.

Elliptio sp. (A lanceolate species)

Elliptio folliiculata (Lea, 1838)

Elliptio spp.

Alasmidonta varicosa (Lamarck, 1819)

Lasmigona decorata (Lea, 1852)'

Strophitus undulatus (Say, 1817)

Toxolasma pullus (Conrad, 1834)^

Villosa constricta (Conrad, 1838)

Villosa sp.

Ligumia nasuta (Say, 1817)^

Lampsilis radiata conspicua (Lea, 1 872)**

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author is grateful to Mr. Richard G. Biggins of the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, North Carolina for
a copy of "The Final Report" by Keferl and Shelley (1988)
and to Dr. Kenneth J. Boss and Mr. Daniel L. Graf for reading
the manuscript.

REFERENCES CITED

Athearn, H.D. 1992. New records for some species of Alasmidontini.
Malacology Data Net 3(1-4): 90-91 (April).

Lasmigona subviridis (Conrad, 1835) teste (Johnson, 1970: 344).

2
Carunculina pulla (Johnson, 1970: 370).

3

A species of the Northern Atlantic Slope. The single record from the
Southern Atlantic slope from the James River given by Johnson (1970: 382)
was based on Conrad (1836: 38, pi. 18, fig.l).

Lampsilis radiata radiata (Gmelin, 1791) teste Johnson, 1970: 390).

376 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Clarke, A.H. 1981. The Tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae),
Part I: Pegias, Alasmidonta, and Arcidens. Smithsonian Contributions
to Zoology 326: i-iv + 101 pp., 32 figs., 24 tables.

Clarke, A.H. 1985. The Tribe Alasmidontini (Uniondae: Anodontinae),
Part II: Lasmigona and Simpsonaias. Smithsonian Contributions to
Zoology 399: i-iii + 75 pp., 22 figs., 14 tables.

Conrad, T.A. 1836-40. Monography of the family Uniondae, or naiades
of Lamarck, (freshwater bivalve shells) of North America.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, i-iv + 1 18 pp. [pp. 13-16 never printed],
pis. 1-65.

Johnson, R.I. 1970. The systematics and zoogeography of the Unionidae
(Mollusca: Bivalvia) of the Southern Atlantic Slope Region. Bulletin
of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 140: 263-
449, plates 1-22.

Keferel, E.P. and R.M. Shelley 1988. The final report on a status survey
of the Carolina Heelslpitter, Lasmigona decorata and the Carolina
Elktoe, Lasmigona robusta. Prepared for U.S. Department of the
Interior Fish and Wildlife Service and North Carolina State Museum of
Natural Science, pp. 47, figs. 1-19 July. Appendix A. Localities
examined in the Saluda, Catawba and Pee Dee River Systems in north
Carolina and South Carolina [not seen]. Xeroxed report available from
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashville Field Office, Ashville, North
Carolina, 28801.

Plate 20
Alasmidonta robusta Clarke, 1981

Fig. 1. Long Creek [of the Catawba River] Mecklenberg County, North Carolina.
Holotype Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 126755. Length 66
mm, height 33 mm, width 43 mm (slightly reduced).

Fig. 2. Ibid. Paratype Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 126575.
Length 57 mm, height 31mm, width 25 mm, (slightly reduced).

Fig. 3. Ibid. Paratype Museum of Comparative Zoology 294959. Length 51
mm, width 22 mm, height 31 mm (natural size).

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

377

Plate 20

378 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

An overlooked Northern European marine gastropod, Omalaxis
SARSI Bush 1897. Dr. Alan R. Kabat kindly pointed out that I (1989) had
overlooked the following taxon, which was introduced in a footnote; a
syntype, of which, was located in the National Museum of Natural History,
Washington, D.C. by Dr. Anders Waren. While he has not published on
it [personal communication]. Ponder (1990: 532) regarded it as a probable
species of Orbitestella.

sarsi Bush, [Omalaxis]

1897, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences 10: 128 [footnote].
Based on Sars. 1878, p. 214, pi. 22, fig. 20, a-c (Lofoten [Islands,
Norway]), non Omalaxis supranitidus (Wood). Location of figured
type unknown. Syntype United States National Museum [now National
Museum of Natural History] 181789, under Wood's name in the J.G.
Jeffreys collection from G.O. Sars. An additional lot USNM 181720
was not located; probable syntype Zoological Museum, University of
Oslo (uncataloged), teste Waren (personal communication).

REFERENCES CITED

Bush, K.J. 1897. Revision of the marine gastropods referred to Cydostrema,
Adeorbis, Vitrinella, and related genera; with descriptions of some new genera
and species belonging to the Atlantic fauna of America. Transactions of the
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 97-144, pis. 22, 23 (June and
July).

Johnson, R.I. 1989. Molluscan taxa of Addision Emery Verrill and Katherine
Jeannette Bush, including those introduced by Sanderson Smith and Alphus
HyaU Verrill. Occasional Papers on Mollusks 5(67): 1-143, pis. 1-19 (August).

Ponder, W.F. 1990. The anatomy and relationships of the Orbitestellidae
(Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). Journal of Molluscan Studies 56(4): 515-532.

Sars, G.O. 1878. Mollusca regionis Arcticae Norvegiae. Christiania. 466 pp., pis.
1-18, folding map.

Richard I. Johnson
Department of Mollusks
Museum of Comparative Zoology

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

::.i-<Sii Y

Published by

The Department of Mollusks

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Volume 5 1 August 1997 Number 72

CORRECT FAMILY NAMES FOR THE

FRESHWATER "MUTELOID" BIVALVES

(UNIONOIDA: ETHERIOIDEA)

Alan R. Kabat^

Abstract. This paper discusses the family level nomenclature of the
tropical freshwater unionoidan bivalves usually referred to as the
"Muteloidea" (or Mutelacea). There are numerous errors and
discrepancies in the literature concerning the attribution of the relevant
family names, which has led to taxonomic instability. It is here shown
that Etherioidea Deshayes 1 830 is the correct superfamily name for this
group; the constituent families include Etheriidae Deshayes 1830,
Iridinidae Swainson 1840 (+ "Mutelidae"), and Mycetopodidae Gray
1840 (the last as a subfamily in some classifications). Taxonomic
stability will be maximized by usage of the correct names for these
bivalves.

Division of Mollusks NHB-118, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Instinition, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

379

380 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

INTRODUCTION

The freshwater bivalves of the Order Unionoida are
usually classified in two superfamilies (e.g., Boss, 1982:
11 23-1 127). The Unionoidea [= Unionacea], with over 1,000
Recent species, is best known for its glochidium larva, which
has two valves during the dispersal and attachment stage. The
Unionoidea includes several Recent families; most authors
have recognized the Unionidae, Margaritiferiidae and
Hyriidae.

The other superfamily, usually called the "Muteloidea" [or
Mutelacea], is significantly less speciose (with about 125
tropical species) and is the subject of this paper. These
bivalves have a lasidium (or haustorium) larva which is not
truly bivalved, in contrast to the glochidium larva of the
Unionoidea (Parodiz and Bonetto, 1963; Heard and Vail,
1976).

This smaller superfamily of the Unionoidea has had a
significant variety of family-level names applied to its
constituent taxa. A careful survey of the relevant literature
has shown that no one author has made the correct
determinations of the family names or the author-date thereof.
The purpose of this paper is to delineate all relevant family
names applied to "muteloid" bivalves and to determine their
correct attributions.

Indeed, almost every author who has provided a
classification for this group has used a different combination
of names, authors, and dates. Taxonomic stability, including
the ease of information retrieval, is significantly hampered by
the inconsistent usage of these names in the literature. The
correct usage, as here determined, will actually maximize
taxonomic stability by providing a single, common reference
frame.

Before reviewing the names and classifications which

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 381

have been applied to "muteloid" bivalves, several
fundamental principles (here paraphrased) of the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN, 1985] should be
taken into consideration.

1. A family name established at any one rank is
simultaneously established with the same author and date at
all other family level ranks [Article 36(a)].

In other words, if Swainson in 1840 had established the
"Iridininae," then the "Iridinidae" (if used), also dates to
Swainson 1840.

2. A family name, when described, must end in a latinized
suffix (e.g. -idae, -inae), and not merely the plural noun or
adjective referring to a genus [Article 1 l(f)(i)(2)]. However,
a family group name published prior to 1900, but not fully
latinized, can be made available with the original author-date,
if it was latinized by a subsequent author, and if this was
"generally accepted" by other authors [Article 1 l(f)(iii)].

These considerations are of direct relevance to the
problem of the "muteloid" bivalves.

The first author to discuss the family-level classification
of "muteloid" bivalves was Deshayes in 1830 (also in 1831).
Deshayes, in his tabular charts showing the higher
classification of bivalves, explicitly referred to various taxa
now placed in the "Muteloidea". However, Deshayes did not
have formally latinized generic or family level names.
Deshayes used two family names for this group: Etheries
[for "Etherie", i.e. Etheria Lamarck 1807] and Mullerie [for
"Mullerie", i.e. Mulleria Ferussac 1824]. Both generic and
family names were given in the "vernacular" by Deshayes.
According to ICZN Article 1 1(f), these two names could be
accepted as validly described in Deshayes (1830) if they were
subsequently latinized and if this has been accepted by other
authors (the latter potentially a subjective criterion).

Swainson (May 1840), in his "quinarian" classification of

382 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

mollusks, appears to have been the first subsequent author to
have formally latinized one of Deshayes' names: on pages
257 and 390, Swainson used Etheridae, which has a latinized
suffix. This was further emended to Etheriadae by Gray
(Nov. 1840: 141) and is now spelled as Etheriidae. This
family name has received frequent usage in the malacological
and faunistic literature, although few authors have correctly
dated it to "Deshayes 1830".

Deshayes' other family name, "Mullerie," has been
largely ignored by subsequent authors. As far as I can
determine, the first source to use the form "Mulleriidae" was
Starobogatov (1970: 73, 74). Herrmannsen (1846: 24; 1847:
61) had used "MuUeriae" which is not a plural but should be
regarded as a family name since he stated it to be "secunda
familia Monomyariourum primi ordinis" [note the
erroneously added umlaut in the name]. The Mulleriidae has
been used (in this century) only by Russian authors (see also
Nevesskaya, et ai, 1971a: 13, 1971b: 149; Scarlato &
Starobogatov, 1979: 20; 1985 translation: 19; Starobogatov,
1992: 20), thus the Mulleriidae has not been as widely
accepted by other authors.

In any case, most non-Russian authors have classified
Etheria and Mulleria in the same family, Etheriidae. Hence
the Mulleriidae and Etheriidae are synonyms, and it is here
concluded that taxonomic stability will be maximized by the
usage of Etheriidae Deshayes 1830 for these and related
genera.

There are two other groups of "muteloids" traditionally
classified in the African Mutelidae and the neotropical
Mycetopodidae. A careful consideration of the nomenclature
of these two groups shows discrepancies and errors in the
usage of the family level names for these two groups.

Most authors have used "Mutelidae" for Mutela, Iridina,
Aspatharia and certain other African genera. This family

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 383

level name has usually been dated to "Gray 1847" {i.e., as
"Muteladae", on page 197). However, Swainson in 1840 had
already established the Iridininae as a subfamily of the
Unionidae (pages 286, 380). This was subsequently elevated
to a full family, Iridinidae, by Gray (1840: 142, 155). As
subsequent authors have invariably classified Iridina and
Mutela in the same family, then this means that the
Iridinidae Swainson 1840 has seven years' priority over the
Mutelidae Gray 1847.

The remaining neotropical group, comprising Andontites,
Mycetopoda, and other genera (see Vaught, 1989: 124) has
traditionally been classified in the Mycetopodidae, which
dates from Gray 1840 (pages 142, 155). Heard and Vail
(1976), based upon anatomical research on Etheria,
concluded that in fact Etheria was confamilial with the
Mycetopodidae. They then stated that:

"This action treats Etheriidae Swainson 1840 and Mycetopodidae

Gray 1840 as synonyms. Acting as Tirst reviser' we select

Mycetopodidae Gray as the senior synonym." (Heard and Vail,

1976: 22).

Their statement is doubly erroneous: (1) Swainson's

publication actually appeared earlier in 1840 {i.e.. May) than

did Gray's {i.e., November) and this clear priority should have

led to the "selection" of Etheriidae as the senior synonym; (2)

in any case, the Etheriidae actually dates to Deshayes 1830,

as shown herein.

Therefore, for those authors who desire to treat Etheria,
Mycetopoda, and related genera as confamilial, then the
Etheriidae Deshayes 1830 has priority as the family name. In
such classifications, Mycetopodinae Gray 1840 could still be
used as a subfamily name for certain South American genera
within this family. Altematively, if these genera are classified
in separate families, then of course both names are to be used
at the family level.

384 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Finally, to resolve the question of the proper superfamily
name for "muteloid" bivalves. The oldest family level names
available are the Etheriidae and Mulleriidae both of Deshayes
1830; the next name is the Iridinidae Swainson 1840.
Obviously, the name "Muteloidea" (or Mutelacea), dating
from Gray 1847, must fall into synonymy. Based upon
priority (and synonymy of Mulleriidae with Etheriidae), the
correct superfamily name for the unionoidan bivalves with a
lasidium larva is Etherioidea (or Etheriacea). As it happens,
only the aforementioned Russian authors have arrived at this
determination, albeit they also recognized the "Mulleroidea"
as a separate superfamily (Starobogatov, 1992: 21). As Boss
(1982: 1127) noted, "Soviet authorities are inclined to
separate each genus into its own family..." and indeed other

Table 1. Selected twentieth-century classifications of "mutelid" bivalves.
An asterisk * indicates an incorrect author or date for a family-level
taxon.

PARODIZ & BONETTO, 1963
MODELL, 1942: (pages 205-206):

Mutelidae (Gray) Ihering 1 893 * Mutelacea

Prisodontinae Modell 1942 Mutelidae Gray 1847

Monocondylaeinae Modell 1942 Mycetopodidae Gray 1840

Glabarinae Modell 1942 Mycetopodinae Adams & Adams

Anodotitinae Modell 1942 1858 *

Bartlettiinae Modell 1942 Monocondylaeinae Modell 1942

Mycetopodinae Modell 1942 * Anodontitinae Modell 1942

Pseudaviculinae Modell 1942 ? Leilinae Morretes 1949

Spathopsinae Modell 1942 [The status of the Etheriidae was not

Iridininae Modell 1942 * discussed by Parodiz & Bonetto]

Aspathariinae Modell 1942 NEVESSKAYA, et al, 1971a (page

Etheriinae Modell 1942 * 13); 1971b (page 149):

Mutelinae Oitmann 1 9 1 1 * MuUerioidea Deshayes 1 830

Diplasminae Modell 1942 Mulleriidae Deshayes 1830

Velesunioninae Iredale 1934 Mycetopodidae Modell 1942 *

Lortiellinae Iredale 1934 Etherioidea Deshayes 1 830

[The last two taxa are now in Mutelidae Gray 1 847

Unionoidea: Hyriidae] Etheriidae Deshayes 1830

Pseudomulleriidae Starobogatov 1970
? Desertellidae Dechaseaux 1946

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 385

malacologists have consistently rejected the extensive
splitting of these Russian publications.

A review of the twentieth-century literature on "muteloid"
bivalves has revealed a remarkable range of usage of family
names, and often erroneous attributions of their author and
dates (Table 1). In particular, the works of Modell (1942;
1949; 1964) have internal inconsistencies and lack
compliance with the ICZN principles concerning the
attributions of family names. The two publications of Haas
(1969a: 548-606; 1969b: N463-N467) are also inconsistent;
in the second work, the Mutelidae was dated to "Swainson,
1840" instead of Gray 1847 (see also Yokes, 1980: 92).

In conclusion, it is documented that the correct superfamily
name for unionoidan bivalves having a lasidium larval stage
is Etherioidea Deshayes 1830, with constituent families
Etheriidae Deshayes 1830, Iridinidae Swainson 1840 (-1-
Mutelidae) and Mycetopodidae Gray 1840 (the last as a
subfamily of Etheriidae in some classifications).

CATALOGUE OF FAMILY-LEVEL NAMES

Acostaeidae Morrison 1973: 45. As a family in the Mutelacea. For
Acostaea d'Orbigny 1851 [South America].

Aetheridae Herrmannsen 1846: 24. Emendation for Edieriidae (and of
"Aetheries" Deshayes). For "Aetheria Lamck. 1808" [= Etheria
Lamarck] [Africa].

Anodontitinae Modell 1942: 175. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Anodontites Bruguiere 1792 [South America].

Aspathariinae Modell 1942: 177. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Asphatharia [sic] Bourguignat 1885; Leptospatha Rochebrune &
Germain \90A; Arthropteron Rochebrune 1904 [Africa].

Bartlettiinae Modell 1942: 176. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For

386 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Bartlettia H. Adams 1870 and Acostaea d'Orbigny 1835 [South
America].

Dentaspathariinae Model! 1964: 83. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Dentaspatharia Modell 1964 [fossil, Europe]; Prisodontopsis Tomlin
1928 [= Pseudavicula Simpson 1900 non Etheridge 1892] [Afiica]. As
the type genus of the Pseudaviculinae was a junior homonym, Modell
thought that this necessitated a change in the family-level name.

Desertellidae Dechaseaux 1947: 307-309. For Desertella Haug 1905 [ex
Munier-Chalmas MS.] [fossil, North Africa].

Diplasminae Modell 1942: 177-178. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Diplasma Rafmesque 1831 [South Asia]. See Hemisolasminae
Starobogatov 1970; new name for Diplasminae Modell 1942.

Etheriae Owen 1837: 64. Printed in italics, but not properly latinized.

Etheridae Swainson 1840 (May): 257, 390. For £r/2ena Lamarck 1807
and Mulleria Ferussac 1824 [Africa and South America]. This
represents the first latinization of "Etheries" Deshayes (^.v.). Emended
to "Etheriadae" by Gray (Nov. 1840: 141); emended to "Aetheridae" by
Herrmannsen (1846: 24).

Etheries Deshayes 1830 (also in 1831): table, Famille 20. For "Etherie"
[i.e., Etheria Lamarck 1807]. The family and genus are given in the
vernacular French spelling; this was latinized by Swainson 1840. See
also "Mullerie" herein.

Etheriinae: Modell (1942: 176) stated that this was a "n. subfam." ~ in
fact, the name dates to Deshayes 1 830.

Fossulini Bonetto 1966: Ijf. As a tribe in the Monocondylaeinae. For
Fossula Lea 1870 [South America].

Glabarinae Modell 1942: 175. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Glabaris Gray 1847 and Leila Gray 1840 [Central and South America].

Hemisolasminae Starobogatov 1970, pg. 73, 192. New name for
Diplasminae Modell 1942. For Hemisolasma Rafinesque 1831.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 387

However, Starobogatov transferred this taxon to the Hyriidae
(Unionoidea).

Iridininae Swainson 1840: 286, 380. As a subfamily of Unionidae. For
Iridina Lamarck 1819; Calliscapha Swainson 1840; Mycetopus
d'Orbigny 1847 [Africa and South America]. As a full family,
Iridinindae, in Gray (1840: 142, 155).

Iridininae: Modell (1942: 176) stated that this was a "n. subfam." ~ in
fact, the name dates to Swainson 1840.

Leilinae Morretes 1949: 28. As a subfamily of Monocondylaeidae [i.e.,
Mycetopodidae]. For Leila Gray 1840 [South America].

Monocondylaeinae Modell 1942: 175. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Monocondylaea d'Orbigny 1835; Iheringella Pilsbry 1893;
Marshalliella Haas 1931; Diplodontites Marshall 1922; Tamsiella Haas
1931 [South America].

Mullerie Deshayes 1830 (also 1831): table, Famille 23. For "Mullerie"
[i.e., Mulleria Ferussac 1824]. The family and genus are given in the
vernacular French spelling; this was latinized by Herrmannsen (1847:
61), as "Miilleriae". Subsequently emended to "Mulleriidae" by
Starobogatov (1970: 73, 74). However, note that Herrmannsen had
previously (1846: 24) listed "Miilleriae Desh. olim" as a synonym of
"Aetheriae Desh." (^.v.). See also "Etheries" herein.

Muteladae Gray 1847: 197. For Mutela Scopoli 1771; Leila Gray 1840;
Pleiodon Conrad 1834; Paxyodon Schumacher 1817; Prisodon
Schumacher 1817 [Africa].

Mycetopodidae Gray 1840: 142, 155. For Mycetopus d'Orbigny 1840 [=
Mycetopoda d'Orbigny 1835] [South America].

Mycetopodinae: Modell (1942: 176) stated that this was a "n. subfam." ~
in fact, the name dates to Gray 1 840.

Pliodontidae Rochebrune 1904: 342. As a family. For "P/iWon Conrad
1854" [= Pleiodon Conrad 1834]; Iridina Lamarck 1819; Cameronia
Bourguignat 1879.

388 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Pleiodoninae Pain & Woodward 1964: 5. As a subfamily of Mutelidae.
For Pleiodon Conrad 1834 [Africa]. Pain & Woodward had overlooked
Rochebrune's "Pliodontidae" (q.v.) which is a senior homonym. The
authors stated, in a footnote, that:

"It has been brought to our notice that the subfamily name Pleiodoninae is an
example of incorrect latinisation and should be emended to Pleiodontinae,
however, we consider it advisable to retain the name Pleiodoninae since the
emended name Pleiodontinae infers [sic\ implies] that the type genus is
Pleiodonta and not Pleiodon and thus may lead to unnecessary confusion."

Prisodontinae Modeil: 1942: 174-175. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Prisodon Schumacher 1817 [South America].

Pseudaviculinae Modeil 1942: 176. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Pseudavicula Simpson 1900 [Africa].

Pseudomulleriidae Starobogatov 1970: 75, 288. For Pseudomulleria
Anthony 1907 [India].

Spathopsinae Modeil 1942: 176. As a subfamily of Mutelidae. For
Spathopsis Simpson 1900 [Africa].

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Philippe Bouchet, Richard I. Johnson and J.-P. Rocroi
provided helpful discussion on various aspects of this
manuscript. Paul Greenhall brought this problem to my
attention.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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(anatomic, morphogenie, systematique). Annales de la Societe Royale
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OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 389

Bonetto, A. A. 1966. Especies de la subfamilia Monocondylaeinae en las
aguas del sistema del Rio de la Plata (Moll. Mutelacea). Archiv fiir
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Boss, K.J. 1982. Mollusca [and] classification of MoUusca. [/n], S.P.
Parker (ed.), Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New
York, McGraw Hill, 1: 945-1166; 2: 1092-1096.

Dechaseaux, C. 1947 ["1946"]. Le genre Desertella Munier-Chalmas,
type d'une nouvelle famille de Lamellibranches: les Desertellidae.
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1946(15): 307-309.

Deshayes, G.P. 1830 [in 1792-1832]. Mollusques. volume 2, Pages 471-
553, [in] Encyclopedie methodique; histoire naturelle des vers. Paris,
Panckoucke, 3 volumes.

Deshayes, G.P. 1831. Considerations generales sur les mollusques.
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Methodique. Paris, Agasse, 308 pages + 2 foldout tables.

Deshayes, G.P. 1853 [in 1839-1853]. Traite Elementaire de
Conchyliologie avec les applications de cette science a la Geologic. 3
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1(2): 129-824 [1850]; 2: 1-384 [1853]; 132 plates (+ text, 80 pages).

Gray, I.E. 1840 [4 November]. [Mollusca], pages 86-89; 106-151, [m],
Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum, 42nd edition.
London: G. Woodfall and Son, iv + 370 pages.

Gray, J.E. 1847 [post November 9]. A list of the genera of recent
Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological
Society of London, 15(179): 129-219.

Haas, F. 1969a [January]. Superfamilia Unionacea. Das Tierreich,
Lieferung 88: x + 663 pages. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter & Co.

Haas, F. 1969b [November]. Superfamily Unionacea Fleming, 1828.
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Paleontology, Part N, Mollusca 6 Bivalvia. Boulder and Lawrence,

390 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 2
volumes, xxxviii + pages N1-N952.

Heard, W.H. and V.A. Vail. 1976. Anatomical systematics of Etheria
elliptica (Pelecypoda: Mycetopodidae). Malacological Review, 9(1-2):
15-24.

Herrmannsen, A.N. 1846-1852. Indicis Generum Malacozoorum.
Cassell, Fischer. [2 volumes + supplement. Dates of publication, 1:
1-232 (1846); 1: 233-637, 2: 1-352 (1847); 2: 353-492 (1848); 2:
493-717 (1849); Supplement, vi + 1-140 (1852)].

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN]. 1985.
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Third Edition.
University of California Press, Berkeley, xx -i- 338 pages.

Modell, H. 1942. Das natiirliche System der Najaden. Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 74(5-6): 161-191.

Modell, H. 1949. Das natiirliche System der Najaden. 2. Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 78(1-3): 29-46.

Modell, H. 1964. Das natiirliche System der Najaden. 3. Archiv fiir
Molluskenkunde, 93(3-4): 71-126.

Morretes, F.L. de. 1949. Ensaio de Catalogo dos Moluscos do Brasil.
Arquivos do Museu Parananense (Curitaba), 7(1): 5-216.

Morrison, J.P.E. 1973. The families of the pearly freshwater mussels.
Bulletin of the American Malacological Union, Inc., 38: 45-46.

Nevesskaya, L.A., O.A. Scarlato, Ya.I. Starobogatov, and A.G. Eberzin.
1971a [May]. Novyye predstavleniia o sisteme dvustvorchatykh
molliuskov. Paleontologicheskii Zhumal, 1971(2): 3-20.

Nevesskaya, L.A., O.A. Scarlato, Ya.I. Starobogatov, and A.G. Eberzin.
1971b [December]. New ideas on bivalve systematics. Paleontological
Journal, 5(2): 141-155 [English translation of the previous item].

Ortmann, A.E. 1921. South American Naiades; a contribution to the

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 39 1

knowledge of the freshwater mussels of South America. Memoirs of
the Carnegie Museum, 8(3): 451-670, plates 34-48.

Owen, R. 1837 [20 Dec.]. On the structure of the shell of the water clam
(Spondylus varius). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,
5(Iiv): 63-66.

Pain, T. and F.R. Woodward. 1964. A monograph of the African
bivalves of the genus Pleiodon Conrad (= Iridina authors) (MoUusca -
Mutelidae). Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Annalen,
Zoologische Wetenschappen / Musee Royal de I'Afrique Centrale,
Annales, Sciences Zoologiques, 130: 1-33, plates 1-4

Parodiz, J.J. and A. A. Bonetto. 1963. Taxonomy and zoogeographic
relationships of the South American naiades (Pelecypoda: Unionacea
and Mutelacea). Malacologia, 1(2): 179-213.

Rochebrune, A.-T. de. 1904. Recherches sur quelques types de la famille
des Mutelidae. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 10(6):

332-343.

Scarlato, O.A. and Ya.I. Starobogatov. 1979. Osnovnye Cherty
Evolyutsii i sistema Klassa Bivalvia. Pages 5-38, [in], O.A. Scarlato
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systematics and phylogeny of molluscs]. Trudy Zoologischeskogo
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Starobogatov, Ya.I. 1992. Morphological basis for phylogeny and
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392 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

pages.

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779-1022 [1934]; 2(4): iv + 1023-1154 + vi (for volume 1) [1935].
[Reprinted (1963), Amsterdam, A. Asher and Company.]

Vaught, K.C. 1989. A Classification of the Living Mollusca. Melbourne
(Rorida), American Malacologists, Inc., xiii -i- 189 (195) pages.

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bibliographic catalogue (revised and updated). Ithaca (New York),
Palentological Research Institution, xxviii + 307 pages.

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

Published by /^rrir

The Department of Mollusks
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Volume 5 1 August 1997 Number 73

THE EFFECT OF BREEDING PERIOD ON THE

BIOGEOGRAPHY OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS

(BIVALVIA: UNIONOIDEA)

IN THE MINNESOTA REGION OF NORTH AMERICA

Daniel L. Graf

Abstract. The freshwaters of Minnesota are biogeographically
significant as they form the headwaters of the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay,
and Mississippi River basins. The 46 species of freshwater pearly
mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoidea) that inhabit Minnesota can be divided
into two general breeding types based on the length of their brooding
period: tachyticiic, or short-term brooding, and bradytictic long-term
brooders. During the late glacial northern re-expansion of the
Unionoidea into Minnesota, the completion of the life-cycle of short-
term breeding mussels was inhibited by the harsh meltwater conditions.
This led to the preferential establishment of certain bradyticdc Missis-
sippi species in ice-contact, meltwater environments. This tendency is
reflected in the distribution of the Unionoidea of Minnesota; only nine
species were able to freely disperse throughout the region until Recent
climatic improvement. All other species invaded postglacially.

Museum of Comparadve Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
E-mail: dgraf@oeb.harvard.edu.

393

394 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

INTRODUCTION

The effect of brooding period duration on the
zoogeography of freshwater pearly mussels (Bivalvia:
Unionoidea) in the Minnesota Region of North America is
here reviewed. The generalized life cycle of freshwater
mussels is well documented (for summaries, see Coker et al,
1921; Kat, 1984). Equally well known is the variation that
occurs at different stages in their life history {i.e., glochidial
morphology, marsupial anatomy, length of larval brooding
period, etc.). However, the implications of these different
reproductive strategies on the biology of mussels have been
paid little attention.

As noted by Sterki (1895, 1898, 1903), freshwater
mussels are divisible into two general breeding types; he
referred to them as winter- and summer-breeders. However,
as suggested by Lefevre and Curtis (1912), these breeding
types are more accurately defined by the length of their
brooding period rather than its seasonality.

Tachytictic (short-term/summer breeding) mussels spawn
{i.e., release their gametes) in the spring and expel their
glochidia by the end of summer, brooding them in ctenidial
marsupia only until mature. Mussels exhibiting bradytictia^

The terms tachytictic and bradytictic were coined by Ortmann (1911) to
describe short- and long-term breeding mussels, respectively. Davis and Fuller
(1981) suggested the suffix -ixis for the noun formation (.e.g., tachytixis).
However, this formation is considered improper (Zeph Stewart, Andrew W.
Mellon Professor, Emeritus, of the Humanities, Harvard University, letter to K.J.
Boss, 18 March, 1996). Since this convention is not in wide use, the forms
tachytictia and bradytictia are herein utilized as nouns, as suggested by Professor
Stewart.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 395

(long-term/winter breeders) spawn during the late summer
and retain their mature glochidia until the following spring
(Lefevre and Curtis, 1910, 1912; Ortmann, 1909, 1911).
Bradytictia is the norm in the anodontine and lampsiline
clades, and correlated with their mode of parentage is the
modification of their marsupia to accommodate long-term
brooding (Sterki, 1903; Ortmann, 1911; Lefevre and Curtis,
1912). Tachytictic taxa of the Amblemini and Pleurobemini
[sensu Davis and Fuller (1981) and Lydeard et al., 1996)] are
generally tetragenous (with exceptions, e.g., Pleurobema) and
without ctenidial specialization.

The Minnesota Region of North America is
biogeographically significant, being composed of the
headwaters of the three major drainage basins east of the
Rocky Mountains: Hudson Bay, Great Lakes, and Mississippi
(Graf, 1997a). As a political entity rather than a faunal
province, the arbitrary yet well-known state boundaries limit
the scope of this study; concepts applied to a particular basin
within the Region, however, apply outside as well.

DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING TYPES IN THE
MINNESOTA REGION

Table 1 lists the 46 species of freshwater pearly mussels
that inhabit Minnesota, including their distributions and
breeding types. The breeding periods of mussel species in the
Region generally conform to those predicted by their
taxonomic affinities (Sterki, 1895, 1898, 1903; Frierson,
1904; Conner, 1907, 1909; Ortmann, 1909, 1911, 1919;
Lefevre and Curtis, 1910, 1912;Surber, 1912, 1913; Howard,
1914, 1915; Utterback, 1916; Coktvetal, 1921; Baker, 1928;
Clarke and Berg, 1959; Yokley, 1972; Clarke, 1981, 1985;
Gordon and Smith, 1990; Haggerty et al, 1992; Woody and
Holland-Bartels, 1993; see additional references in Watters,

396 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

1994). Five noteworthy exceptions are Cumberlandia
monodonta, Megalonaias nervosa, Utterbackia imbecillis,
Simpsonias ambigua, and Obliquaria reflexa.

Cumberlandia monodonta {i.e., the Margaritiferidae, in
general) has been described by some as being bradytictic {e.g..
Heard and Guckert, 1970) and tachytictic by others (Sterki,
1903; Conner, 1909; Ortmann, 1911). The latter seems more
correct based on the absence of marsupial adaptations for
long-term glochidial brooding, such as those of the
Anodontinae and Lampsilini (Davis and Fuller, 1981).
However, the shoe-homing of margaritiferids into unionid
categories may make this a moot point. Both Howard (1915)
and Gordon and Smith (1990) suggested that C.
monodonta may produce two broods per year. Thus,
Cumberlandia may be neither in terms of unionid breeding
types (or both!).

The placement of Megalonaias nervosa among the
Amblemini suggests that it is a short-term breeder; however,
its period of gravidity led early taxonomists to hesitantly
describe it as bradytictic (Surber, 1912; Utterback, 1916;
Lydeard et al., 1996). Frierson (1904) reported that Louisiana
specimens were gravid from October to January. Similar
results were reported by Howard (1914, 1915) and Woody
and Holland-Bartels (1993) further north; M. nervosa was
found gravid from late August to early November. Lefevre
and Curtis (1912) discovered gravid individuals in late May,
but Howard (1914) confirmed that this condition occurred in
only 2% of the Megalonaias he found. Thus, although the
chronology of the breeding period of M. nervosa is
anomalous, the length of its brooding period supports its
position among the tachytictic (Lefevre and Curtis, 1910,
1912; Howard, 1914, 1915).

It has been demonstrated that Utterbackia imbecillis is
bradytictic (like other Anodonta) and undergoes

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 397

Table 1. The Distribution of the Unionoidea in the Minnesota Region and
their Breeding Types.

LMRS = Lower Mississippi River System (Mississippi River and tributaries below St.
Anthony Falls); UMRS = Upper Mississippi River System (above St. Anthony Falls); RRS
= Red River System; LWS = Lake of the Woods System; LSS = Lake Superior System. X =
presence in a particular basin; B = bradyticitc; T = tachytictic; t = exception (see text).

breeding

Species type LMRS UMRS RRS LWS I^SS

Upper Mississippi River Fauna:

Anodontoides ferussacianus (Lea) B X X X X X

Lampsilis cardium Rafmesque B X X X X X

Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes) B X X X X X

Lasmigona complanata (Barnes) B X X X X X

Lasmigona compressa (Lea) B X X X X X

Ligumia recta (Lamarck) B X X X X X

Pyganodon grandis (Say) B X X X X X

Stop fiitus undulatus (Say) B X X X X

Utterbackia imbecillis (Say) B^ X X X

Red River of the North Fauna:

Lasmigona costata (Rafmesque) B X X

Potamilus alatus (Say) B X X

Amblema plicata (Say) T X X

Fusconaia flava (Rafmesque) T X X

Quadrula quadrula (Rafmesque) T X X

Lake Superior Fauna:

Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot) T X

Lower Mississippi River Fauna^:

Cumberlandia monodonta (Say) ?^ X

Megalonaias nervosa (Rafmesque) T^ X

Obliquaria reflexa Rafmesque T^ X

Simpsonaias ambigua (Say) B^ X

3 _

The remaining mussels of the Lower Mississippi River Fauna are similarly distributed and

either bradytictic [Actinonaias ligamentina (Lamarck); Alasmidonta margnata Say; Anodonta

suborbiculata Say; Arcidens confragosus (Say); Ellipsaria lineolata (Rafinesque);

Epioblasma triquetra (Rafinesque); Lampsilis higginsi (Lea); Lampsilis teres (Rafmesque);

Leptodea fragilis (Rafmesque); Obovaria olivaria (Rafinesque); Potamilus capax (Green);

Potamilus ohiensLi (Rafinesque); Toxolasma parvus (Barnes); Truncilla donaciformis (Lea);

Truncilla truncata (Rafinesque); Venustaconcha ellipsiformu; (Conrad)] or exhibit tachytictia

[Cyclonaias tuberculata (Rafinesque); Elliptio crassidens (Lamarck); Elliptio dilatata

(Rafinesque); Fusconaia ebena (Rafinesque); Plethobasus cyphyus (Rafinesque); Pleurobema

coccineum (Conrad); Quadrula fragosa (Conrad); Quadrula metanevra (Rafinesque);

Quadrula nodulata (Rafinesque); Quadrula pustulosa (Rafinesque); Tritogonia verrucosa

(Rafinesque)].

398 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

metamorphosis on a fish host (like the rest of the Unionoidea)
(Ortmann, 1909, 1919; Utterback, 1916; Clarke and Berg,
1959). It has also been reported that metamorphosis without
parasitism can occur within the marsupia of this species
(Howard, 1915; Howard and Anson, 1923; Allen, 1924) and
that the breeding period lasts only a few weeks and may occur
repeatedly throughout the year (Allen, 1924). As far as
northern populations are concerned, however. Heard (1975)
reported that bradytictia is exclusively encountered.

The data on Simpsonaias ambigua are so meager that
direct evidence of its breeding times and brooding period are,
for the most part, unavailable. Howard (1915; repeated in
Clarke, 1985) collected Nectums (the mud puppy) infected
with the glochidia of this species in October. These glochidia
took the entire winter for metamorphosis in Howard's lab.
The only observational data available suggests that S.
ambigua releases its glochidia in the fall; its evolutionary
relationships suggest bradytictia.

The decidedly lampsiline modifications of the marsupium
of Obliquaria reflexa suggest that it might be placed among
the long-term brooders (Ortmann, 1911; Utterback, 1916;
Lydeard et ai, 1996). However, it has only been reported
gravid from May or June to August (Lefevre and Curtis, 1910;
Surber, 1912; Utterback, 1916; Ortmann, 1919) and is thus
considered tachytictic.

DISCUSSION

The Minnesota Region is composed of five drainage
systems (Figure 1). The Red River and Lake of the Woods
systems are confluent at Lake Winnipeg, but their differing
mussel communities warrant their division (Graf, 1997a).
The Upper and Lower Mississippi River systems are
separated by the Falls of St. Anthony at Minneapolis, a barrier

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

399

Red River
System

At;

Upper
Mississippi
River
System

L^"

y

r

\

/■

\
\

r\J

C.

Lower Mississippi River System

Figure 1. The drainage systems of the Minnesota Region (redrawn from Graf, 1997a)

400 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

to mussel distribution via their host fishes (Underhill, 1989;
Graf, 1997b). All Unionoidea occurring in Minnesota except
Elliptio complanata (see below) migrated into the Region
from unglaciated refugia in the Mississippi below the
maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciation (Johnson, 1980).

As discussed by Graf (1997b), the earliest invading
mussel community arrived in the Region sometime after
14,000 years before present (bp) when central Minnesota
became ice-free and before 11,000 bp, the latest date of
formation for St. Anthony Falls. These unionoideans
correspond to the Upper Mississippi River Fauna (UMRF) of
Graf (1997a) (Table 1). The remaining mussel species
migrated into the Region post-glacially; this includes those
five species occurring in addition to the UMRF in the Red
River system: they entered that basin after 9500 bp either via
high water through Lakes Big Stone and Traverse or, more
likely, stream capture in the Otter Tail River watershed (Graf,
1997b).

As Table 1 shows, the UMRF is completely bradytictic.
Thus, all of the mussel species present in the Region for at
least 1500 years (i.e., from before 1 1,000 to 9500 bp) were
long-term breeders that brooded their glochidia over the frigid
winter months.

The observed dominance of bradytictic species in the
earliest invading mussel fauna in the Minnesota Region has
an analog in the northern Atlantic Slope drainage of eastern
North America (Graf, 1996). Both there and in Minnesota,
obliteration of the unionoidean community by Wisconsin
glaciation was followed by repopulation from unglaciated
refugia; subsequent development of a barrier then halted
further mussel migration. In the case of the northem Atlantic
Slope, it was the rise in sea level as continental ice melted
(Johnson, 1970) and the creation of fall lines (D. Smith, pers.
comm.) that curtailed further dispersal; in the Minnesota

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 40 1

Region it was the formation of St. Anthony Falls and the drop
in water level associated with glacial retreat from the Region
(Graf, 1997b). The mussel fauna of the northern Atlantic
Slope is mostly bradytictic (87%; Graf, 1996).

With the retreat of glacial ice from the Minnesota
Region, aquatic connections existed (Clayton and Moran,
1982) that would have allowed the newly deglaciated area to
be repopulated from unglaciated refugia (Underbill, 1989;
Graf, 1997b). The conditions of these periglacial meltwater
streams were probably more severe than in rivers of the
Minnesota Region today, with near-freezing melt water and
a greater silt load; newly deglaciated Minnesota was boreal
spruce forest until perhaps 8000 bp (Barry, 1983). Such an
environment is indicative of a cooler climate and a shortened
growing season.

A shortened growing season would have inhibited the
ontogeny of tachytictic mussels. The period prior to
completion of metamorphosis is the time of greatest mortality
(McMahon, 1991), and cold temperatures can slow
metamorphosis from a few to hundreds of days (Howard and
Anson, 1923). With a later spring and earlier fall, the summer
breeding season would be shortened; tachytictic glochidial
encystment and metamorphosis would have to begin while
temperatures were declining. Glochidia released in the
following spring, however, would have the entire growing
season for their development.

Such conditions existed in the Minnesota Region and
inhibited the establishment of tachytictic species. With the
development of barriers to further dispersal, additional,
possibly tachytictic mussel species, were no longer able to
colonize the Region beyond the lower Mississippi drainage
(the Mississippi River and its tributaries below St. Anthony
Falls) subsequent to climatic improvement. This explanation
is appropriate on the northern Atlantic Slope as well.

402 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Relevant to this discussion is Hutchins' (1947)
generalization regarding the breeding time of marine
invertebrates. Animals that begin breeding in the fall do so
because summer temperatures are too warm; those that begin
in the spring do so because winter conditions are too harsh.
The former, with regard to the Unionoidea, is bradytictia, the
latter tachytictia. Coker et al (1921) noted that generally the
long-term breeders begin their annual reproduction on the
falling temperatures of late summer, while spawning in
tachytictic forms is initiated by rising spring temperatures.
According to Hutchins (1947), animals that spawn as
temperatures drop have a tendency to move in a pole-ward
direction, while summer breeders do the opposite. This
supports the selective dispersal of bradytictic freshwater
mussels to northern, cooler waters from warmer southern
refugia.

Both Sterki (1903) and Ortmann (1909) speculated about
the phylogenetic significance of these differences in the larval
brooding period. According to Ortmann (1919), who
recognized the Pleurobemini and Amblemini (= "Unioninae")
as the phylogenetically least derived unionid clade, tachytictia
developed early in the Tertiary when the climate was more
mild; long-term breeding evolved in response to the harsh
glacial climate and shortened growing season of the late
Tertiary and Quaternary. Conflicting with this interpretation
is the opinion that bradytictia is ancestral in the Unionoidea
(Heard and Guckert, 1970; Davis and Fuller, 1981).
However, there can be little doubt of Sterki 's (1903)
conclusion that differences in brood period among the taxa
are a reflection of the climatic regime of their ancestors.

CONCLUSIONS

The length of the brooding period can not be the only

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 403

factor that determined the chronology of northward range
expansion of freshwater pearly mussels at the close of the
Pleistocene. Regardless of a mussel's ability to survive and
produce glochidia under periglacial conditions, its host must
not only have been tolerant of the same environment (at least
during the mussel's breeding period) but also have been
present. The necessity of the combination of cold-tolerant
mussel and host may explain the paucity of unionoideans that
invaded Minnesota immediately following Wisconsin
glaciation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank R.I. Johnson and K.J. Boss for their
many suggestions and comments toward the improvment of
this study.

REFERENCES CITED

Allen, E. 1924. The existence of a short reproductive cycle in Ancxionfa
imbecillis. Biological Bulletin 46: 88-94.

Baker, F.C. 1928. The fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin. Wisconsin
Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 70: 1-495, pis. 1-105.

Barry, R.G. 1983. Late-Pleistocene climatology, pp. 390-407. [In] S.C.
Porter (ed.). Volume I: The Late Pleistocene. [In] H.E. Wright, jr.
(ed.). Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States.

Clarke, A.H. 1981. The tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae),
Part 1: Pegais, Alasmidonta, and Arcidens. Smithsonian Contributions
to Zoology (326): 1-101.

Clarke, A.H. 1985. The tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae),
Part II: Lasmigona and Simpsonaias. Smithsonian Contributions to
Zoology (399): 1-75.

404 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Clarke, A.H., CO. Berg. 1959. The freshwater mussels of central New
York. Cornell University, Agriculture Experimental Station, Memoir
(367): 1-79.

Clayton, L., S.R. Moran. 1982. Chronology of Late Wisconsin glaciation
in Middle North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 1: 55-82.

Coker, R.E., A.F. Shira, H.W. Clark, and A.D. Howard. 1921. Natural
history and propagation of freshwater mussels. Bulletin of the Bureau
of Fisheries 37: 77-1 8 1 . (Reprinted as Bureau of Fisheries Document
No. 893.)

Conner, C.H. 1907. The gravid period of unios. Nautilus 22: 87-89.

Conner, C.H. 1909. Supplementary notes on the breeding seasons of the
Unionidae. Nautilus 22: 111-112.

Davis, G.M., S.L.H. Fuller. 1981. Genetic relationships among Recent
Unionacea (Bivalvia) of North America. Malacologia 20: 217-253.

Frierson, L.S. 1904. Observations on the genus Quadrula. Nautilus 17:
111-112.

Gordon, M.E., D.G. Smith. 1990. Autumnal reproduction in
Cumberlandia monodonta (Unionoidea: Margaritifera). Transactions
of the American Microscopical Society 109: 407-41 1.

Graf, D.L. 1996. The Brady Bunch: A preliminary look at the bradytictic
Unionoidea and their taxonomic and geographic distribution in the
Atlantic Slope region of North America. NU-Biology, A Newsletter of
Research Synopsis [sic] and Proposals at Northeastern University 2(2):
1-3.

Graf, D.L. 1997a. Distribution of unionoid (Bivalvia) faunas in
Minnesota, USA. Nautilus 110: 45-54.

Graf, D.L. 1997b. Northern redistribution of freshwater pearly mussels
(Bivalvia: Unionoidea) during Wisconsin deglaciation in the southern
Glacial Lake Agassiz region: a review. American Midland Naturalist
138, in press.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 405

Haggerty, T.M., G.P. Patterson, L.C. Jones. 1992. Aspects of the
reproductive biology of Cyclonaias tuberculata (Unionidae: Bivalvia).
Journal of Alabama Academy of Science 63: 56 [abstract].

Heard, W.H. 1975. Sexuality and other aspects of reproduction in
Anodonta (Pelecypoda: Unionidae). Malacologia 15: 81-103.

Heard, W.H., R.H. Guckert. 1970. A re-evaluation of the Recent
Unionacea (Pelecypoda) of North America. Malacologia 10: 333-355.

Howard, A.D. 1914. Experiments in propagation of fresh- water mussels
of the Quadrula group. Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for the
Fiscal Year 1913, Appendix 4: 1-52, 6 pis. (Reprinted as Bureau of
Fisheries Document No. 801.)

Howard, A.D. 1915. Some exceptional cases of breeding among
Unionidae. Nautilus 29: 4-11.

Howard, A.D., B.J. Anson. 1923. Phases of parasitism of the Unionidae.
Journal of Parasitology 9: 68-82, pis. 7-8.

Hutchins, L.W. 1947. The bases for temperature zonation in
geographical distribution. Ecological Monographs 17: 325-335.

Johnson, R.I. 1970. The systematics and zoogeography of the Unionidae
(MoUusca: Bivalvia) of the southern Atlantic Slope region. Bulletin of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology 140: 263-449.

Johnson, R.I. 1980. Zoogeography of North American Unionacea
(Mollusca: Bivalvia) north of maximum Pleistocene glaciations.
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 149: 77-189.

Kat, P.W. 1984. Parasitism and the Unionacea (Bivalvia). Biological
Reviews 59: 189-207.

Lefevre, G., W.C Curtis. 1910. Experiments in the artificial propagation
of fresh-water mussels. Bulletin of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries 28:
615-626. (Reprinted as Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 671.)

Lefevre, G., W.C. Curtis. 1912. Studies on the reproduction and
artificial propagation of fresh-water mussels. Bulletin of the U.S.

406 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Bureau of Fisheries 30: 105-201, pis. 6-17. (Reprinted in parts in
Sterkiana, 1972-1976.)

Lydeard, C, M. Mulvey, G.M. Davis. 1996. Molecular systematics and
evolution of reproductive traits of North American freshwater
unionacean mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as inferred from 16S rRNA
gene sequences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London B 351: 1593-1603.

McMahon, R.F. 1991. Mollusca: Bivalvia. pp. 315-399. [in] J.T. Thorp
and A.P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and Classification of North American
Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, New York.

Ortmann, A.E. 1909. The breeding season of Unionidae in Pennsylvania.
Nautilus 22: 91-95, 99-03.

Ortmann, A.E. 1911. Monograph of the naiades of Pennsylvania. I.
Anatomical investigations. Part H. The system of North American
najades. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 4: 279-347, pis. 86-89.

Ortmann, A.E. 1919. Monograph of the naiades of Pennsylvania. IE.
Systematic account of the genera and species. Memoirs of the Carnegie
Museum 8: 1-385.

Sterki, V. 1895. Some notes on the genital organs of Unionidae, with
reference to systematics. Nautilus 9: 91-94.

Sterki, V. 1898. Some observations on the genital organs of Unionidae,
with reference to classification. Nautilus 12: 18-21,28-32.

Sterki, V. 1903. Notes on the Unionidae and their classification.
American Naturalist 37: 103-1 13.

Surber, T. 1912. Identification of the glochidia of freshwater mussels.
Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for the Fiscal Year 1912 and
Special Papers: 1-10. (Reprinted as Bureau of Fisheries Document No.

771.)

Surber, T. 1913. Notes on the natural hosts of fresh- water mussels.
Bulletin of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries 32: 101-115, pis. 29-31.
(Reprinted as Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 778.)

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 407

Underbill, J. 1989. The distribution of Minnesota fishes and Late
Pleistocene glaciation. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
55: 32-37.

Utterback, W.I. 1916. Breeding record of Missouri mussels. Nautilus 30:
13-21.

Walters, G.T. 1994. An Annotated Bibliography of the Reproduction and
Propagation of the Unionoidea (Primarily of North America). Ohio
Biological Survey Miscellaneous Contribution No. 1. 158 pp.

Woody, C.A., L. Holland-B artels. 1993. Reproductive characteristics of
a population of the washboard mussel Megalonaias nervosa
(Rafmesque 1820) in the upper Mississippi River. Journal of
Freshwater Ecology 8: 57-66.

Yokley, P. 1972. Life history of Pleurobema cordatum (Rafmesque)
(Bivalvia: Unionacea). Malacologia 11: 351-364.

o

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

UN;

Published by

The Department of Mollusks

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Volume 5 1 August 1997 Number 74

THE WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR

FRESHWATER MUSSEL (BIVALVL\: UNIONIDAE)

COMMUNITY AND ITS ORIGIN

Daniel L. Graf^ and James C. UnderhilP

Abstract. Nine species of freshwater pearly mussels (Bivalvia:
Unionidae) occur in the western Lake Superior basin. All of
these species, except Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot), entered the
Superior drainage from the Interior Basin via Late Wisconsin
high- water spillways; the chronology of availability of these
channels is described. E. complanata invaded in the Recent from
the eastern Great Lakes. A new record of Utterbackia imbecillis
(Say) is reported, and the anomalous distributions of Amblema
plicata (Say) and Strophitus undulatus (Say) are discussed.

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 1987
Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108.

409

410

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Figure 1. Map of the western Lake Superior basin arul adjacent drairuige
systems. Dotted lines indicate the shores of Late Wisconsin glacial lakes
Cteste Hobbs, 1983); arrows indicate the present direction of flow.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RTVER FAUNA

Anodontoides ferussacianus (Lea)

Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque)

Lampsilis siliquoidea (Bames)

Lasmigona complanata (Bames)

Lasmigona compressa (Lea)

Ligumia recta (Lamarck)

Pyganodon grandis (Say)

Utterbackia imbecillis (Say)

Strophitus undulatus (Say)

LAKE SUPERIOR FAUNA

Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot)

RED RIVER FAUNA

Amblema plicata (Say)

u

01

o.

9

u

V

>
06

'a.

a.

I

>

e
o
JS

z

□

0

D

D D

Figure 2. The freshwater pearly mussel community of the western Lake
Superior drairuige arui its distribution in that and neighboring watersheds.
Shaded box = present; black box = new record; empty box = not reported;
1 ~ a spurious record.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 4 1 1

INTRODUCTION

Nine species of freshwater pearly mussels (Bivalvia:
Unionidae) have been previously recorded from the western
Lake Superior basin. However, even such a depauperate
assemblage is of zoogeographical significance. Our purpose
is to describe the distribution and origin of this community.

The western Lake Superior basin is defined as that portion
of the Lake watershed extending west from the arbitrary
boundary of 90° W (Figure 1). That area is relevant as a
region of confluence between the Great Lakes, Nelson River
and upper Mississippi River during the final stages of
Wisconsin glaciation.

METHODS AND MATERL\LS

Unionid distributions were determined using deposited
specimens and the available literature. The holdings of the
James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History (JFB),
University of Minnesota were searched using The Bell
Museum of Natural History Collection Database (Graf et al,
unpublished) for Lake Superior System mussels. Literature on
the Unionidae of Lake Superior in general (Goodrich and van
der Schalie, 1932; van der Schalie, 1961; Johnson, 1980), the
western Lake drainage (Grant, 1887; Baker, 1928; Dawley,
1944, 1947; Smith and Moyle, 1944; Moyle, 1947; Mathiak,
1979), and others (Dall, 1905; Walker, 1913; Graf, 1997a)
were reviewed. Taxonomy follows Williams etal. (1993) and
these mollusks were figured by Clarke (1973) and Baker
(1928).

Short expeditions were undertaken in 1994 and 1996 to
sample the St. Louis River drainage and its tributaries. Both
live and dead unionids were collected by wading and

412 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

snorkeling. Vouchers have been deposited in the JFB and the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

THE MUSSEL COMMUNITY OF THE WESTERN
LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN AND ITS ORIGIN

Nine species of freshwater pearly mussels have been
previously noticed in the western Lake Superior drainage
(Figure 2; see references above). In addition to these, we
collected Utterbackia imbecillis in Embarrass Lake at
Biwabik, Minnesota on separate occasions in 1994 and 1996.
Until now, U. imbecillis has not been known in the Great
Lakes basin west of Lake Michigan (Baker, 1928; Mathiak,
1979; Goodrich and van der Schalie, 1932).

During the Pleistocene, any unionid community that
existed in Lake Superior and its tributaries was eliminated by
glacial advance. As the last Wisconsin ice wasted north, the
meltwater liberated was impounded into large glacial lakes
that bridged present-day drainage divides. Such breeches
between the Mississippi and Lake Superior drainages allowed
mussels (via their host fish) to disperse into the latter from
unglaciated southern refugia (Johnson, 1980).

For the ten mussel species recorded from the Lake
Superior basin, three basic pattems of distribution are evident
(Figure 2). Nine of these species also occur in the adjacent
Mississippi basin; of these, only A. plicata is not found in that
watershed above St. Anthony Falls at Minneapolis, Minne-
sota. Graf (1997a) considered the anomalous distribution of
this unionid spurious, and since its presence in the Lake
Superior basin is suggested by only a single valve, we concur.

The remaining eight species have been united as the
Upper Mississippi River Fauna (UMRF) by Graf (1997a)
based on their common occurrence in the Mississippi above

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 4 1 3

St. Anthony Falls. Strophitus undulatus was also included in
this assemblage but has not been reported from the Lake
Superior basin (see discussion below).

A single species, Elliptio complanata, occurs only in Lake
Superior and no other adjacent catchment; it is the lone
member of the Lake Superior Fauna (LSF) (Figure 2). While
mussels of the UMRF occur in Lake Superior and its western
tributaries, the LSF is confined to the Lake proper.

The earliest Unionidae to re-invade the western Lake
Superior drainage were those of the UMRF. Beginning
around 1 1 ,300 years before present (bp) (Clayton and Moran,
1982), invasion of the Lake basin occurred via any of three
late Pleistocene breeches in the Great Lakes-Mississippi
divide. The first breech lasted until 11 ,000 bp (Hobbs, 1983)
and was formed by a short-lived pair of glacial lakes known
as Aitkin and Upham (Figure 1). Their confluence at the
highest lake levels united the Mississippi and Lake Superior
basins.

The second and third breeches of the Mississippi-Lake
Superior divide occurred while Lake Superior overflowed via
two distinct channels to the St. Croix River, a tributary of the
Mississippi River (Figure 1). The lake in the Superior basin,
ice-dammed to a level higher than at present, spilled via the
Portage River near Moose Lake, Minnesota and reversed the
flow of the Bois Brule River at Solon Springs, Wisconsin.
Thus, members of the UMRF migrated up the St. Croix-
Portage or St. Croix-Brule spillways to the south shore, or
they dispersed up the Mississippi through Glacial Lake
Aitkin-Upham to the St. Louis River and other north shore
streams to gain access to the western Lake Superior basin.

Although there is some disagreement regarding the
sequence of availability of the two overflow channels {e.g.,
Clayton, 1983; Farrand and Drexler, 1985), direct confluence

4 1 4 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

between the Superior Basin and Mississippi below St.
Anthony Falls was permanently arrested around 9500 bp
(Clayton and Moran, 1982). By that time, the ice dam at its
outlet to the eastern Great Lakes had wasted, and Lake
Superior shrank to its present level.

Besides these reasonably well-dated breeches, Martin
(1911) suggested that the initial retreat of glacial waters in the
western lake basin left the Cloquet and upper St. Louis rivers
flowing southwest to the Mississippi rather than southeast to
the lower St. Louis River. Eventually the upper St. Louis was
captured by the headward migration of the lower St. Louis
(Ojakangas and Matsch, 1982). The chronology of such a
connection is unclear, but it was certainly a post-Aitkin-
Upham event. Since it would have also succeeded the
formation of St. Anthony Falls (Graf, 1997b), no unionids
other than those UMRF could have used it.

Within the last 80 years or so, E. complanata has moved
into the western Lake Superior drainage from the eastern
Great Lakes (Graf, 1997a). E. complanata will likely remain
limited to only the Lake proper since the St. Louis River and
other north shore tributaries are isolated by waterfalls which
limit unionid dispersal.

CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENTS

The western Lake Superior basin (indeed, the Lake
Superior basin in general), in terms of unionid species
composition, is very similar to the upper Mississippi River
drainage. Of the 10 species of freshwater pearly mussels that
occur in the Upper Mississippi River and western Lake
Superior drainages, eight are present in both (Figure 2). E.
complanata is found only in Lake Superior; however, this
mussel invaded in the Recent from the east, so its absence in

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 415

the Mississippi River is expected. Strophitus undulatus
occurs in the Mississippi River but has not been recorded in
the Lake Superior basin. However, the mussel's absence may
only be apparent; the widespread distribution of S. undulatus,
its association with the UMRF, and the distributions of its
known glochidial hosts (Hoggarth, 1992; Underhill, 1989)
suggest its presence in the Lake. Strophitus may be revealed
with further study.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank R.I. Johnson and K.J. Boss whose
comments and suggestions improved this paper.

REFERENCES CITED

Baker, F.C. 1928. The fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin: Part II.
Pelecypoda. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History
Survey 70(2). University of Wisconsin. 495 pp.

Clarke, A.H. 1973. The freshwater Molluscs of the Canadian Interior
Basin. Malacologia 13: 1-509.

Clayton, L., S.R. Moran. 1982. Chronology of Late Wisconsin glaciation
in middle North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 1: 55-82.

Dall, W.H. 1905. Land and freshwater mollusks of Alaska and adjoining
regions. Harriman Alaska Expedition 13: 1-171.

Dawley, C.W. 1944. Distribution and growth studies of the Unionidae
and aquatic Gastropoda found in Minnesota. Ph.D. Thesis, University
of Minnesota. 307 pp.

Dawley, C.W. 1947. Distribution of aquatic mollusks in Minnesota.
American Midland Naturalist 38: 671-697.

Farrand, W.R., C.W. Drexler. 1985. Late Wisconsinan and Holocene
history of the Lake Superior basin, [in] Quaternary Evolution of the

4 1 6 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Great Lakes (P.P. Kanow, P.E. Calkins, eds.). Geological Association
of Canada Special Paper 30. pp. 17-32.

Goodrich, C.H., H. van der Schalie. 1932. I. On an increase in the
Naiad fauna of Saginaw Bay, Michigan; II. The Naiad species of the
Great Lakes. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Univer-
sity of Michigan (238): 1-14.

Graf, D.L. 1997a. Distribution of unionoid (Bivalvia) faunas in Minne-
sota, USA. Nautilus 110: 45-54.

Graf, D.L. 1997b. Northern redistribution of freshwater pearly mussels
(Bivalvia: Unionoidea) during Wisconsin deglaciation in the southern
Glacial Lake Agassiz region: a review. American Midland Naturalist
138, in press.

Graf, D.L., R.C. Bright, J.C. Underbill, J.T. Hatch. Unpublished. The
Bell Museum of Natural History Collection DataBase, Version 1.0 for
Macintish. An application of FileMaker Pro 2. 1 by Claris.

Grant, U.S. 1887. Notes on the Molluscan fauna of Minnesota. Minne-
sota Geological and Natural History Survey Annual Report 16: 481-
484.

Hobbs, H.C. 1983. Drainage relationships of the Glacial Lakes Aitkin
and Upham and early Lake Agassiz in northeastern Minnesota, [in]
Glacial Lake Agassiz (J.T. Teller, L. Clayton, eds.). Geological
Association of Canada Special Paper 26. pp. 245-260.

Hoggarth, M.A. 1992. An examination of the glochidia - host relation-
ships reported in the literature for North American species of
Unionacea (MoUusca: Bivalvia). Malacology Data Net 3: 1-30.

Johnson, R.I. 1980. Zoogeography of North American Unionacea
(Mollusca: Bivalvia) north of maximum Pleistocene glaciations.
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 149: 77-189.

Martin, L. 1911. Physical geography of the Lake Superior Region, [in]
The Geology of the Lake Superior Region (C.R. Van Hise and C.K.
Leith, eds). Monographs of the United States Geological Survey 52.
pp. 85-117.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 417

Mathiak, H.A. 1979. A River Survey of the Unionid Mussels of
Wisconsin, 1973-1977. Sand Shell Press, Horicon, WI. 75 pp.

Moyle, J.B. 1947. A biological survey and fishery management plan
for the streams of the Saint Louis River Basin. Fisheries Research
Investigational Report No. 69. Minnesota Department of Conserva-
tion, Division of Game and Fish. 1 1 2 pp.

Ojakangas, R.W., C.L. Matsch. 1982. Minnesota's Geology. Univer-
sity of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 255 pp.

Smith, L.L., jr., J.B. Moyle. 1944. A biological survey and fishery
management plan for the streams of the Lake Superior North Shore
Watershed. Technological Bulletin No. 1, MN Department of Con-
servation, Division of Game and Fish.

Underbill, J. 1989. The distribution of Minnesota fishes and Late
Pleistocene glaciation. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
55: 32-37.

van der Schalie, H. 1961. The naiad (fresh-water mussel) fauna of the
Great Lakes. Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and
Technology, University of Michigan. Publication No. 7: 156-157.

Walker, B. 1913. The unionid fauna of the Great Lakes. Nautilus 27:
18-23,29-34,40-47,56-59.

Williams, J., M. Warren, K. Cummings, J. Harris, R. Neves. 1993.
Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and
Canada. Fisheries: A Bulletin of the American Fisheries Society
18(9): 6-22.

t_ i I ' ivy k i \ :

Occasional Papers on MoUusks

r ^"^ O

Published by .L-iAwifY

The Department of Mollusks
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Volume 5 1 August 1997 Number 75

A NEW MUSSEL, DISCONAIAS CONCHOS

(BIVALVIA: UNIONIDAE)

FROM RIO CONCHOS OF THE RIO GRANDE

SYSTEM, MEXICO

Dwight W. Taylor^

Abstract: Disconaias conchas, a new species of Unionidae,
and first member of the genus Disconaias, from the Rio Grande
System, Mexico, is described.

INTRODUCTION

A number of years ago. Dr. D. W. Taylor submitted a
manuscript to Richard I. Johnson for his comments on some
Unionidae from the Rio Grande System of Mexico and Texas.
The latter disagreed with some of its conclusions, and Taylor
suggested that Johnson present his own interpretation of the
data. In the manuscript Taylor proposed the new species
described here. Though the kindness of Dr. James H.
McLean of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County, Los Angeles, Califomia, the original specimens were

^ P.O. Box 5532, Eugene, Oregon 97405.

419

420 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

made available with permission for one to be retained buy the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. Taylor's manuscript is
presented here, essentially in its original form, but
photographs have been substituted for the original line
drawings of the holotype and an additional record, extending
the distribution of the species, has been included.

Abbreviations:

MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,

Cambridge, Massachusetts
LACM: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles,

California

Family UNIONIDAE

Subfamily LAMPSILINAE

Genus Disconaias Crosse and Fischer, 1894

Type species (by original designation): Unio discus Lea,
1838, "India;" later corrected by Lea to Rio Panuco drainage,
state of Vera Cruz.

** Disconaias conchos new species **

Plate 21, figure 1

Diagnosis.-- A species of Disconaias with elongate-oval
outline, low beaks with shallow concavity, and relatively
compressed form.

Holotype.- LACM 2257 (body preserved separately) from
the Rio Conchos, about .5 km. west of Julimes, Chihuahua
[State], Mexico; collected by Dwight D. Taylor and Artie L.
Metcalf, August 29, 1969.
Paratypes.- From the same locality.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 421

Measurements

Length (mm)

Height (mm)

Width (mm)

124

70

42

Holotype LACM 2257

119

68

42

LACM 69-239.1

117

67

44

MCZ 316166

112

56

42.5

Unio aztecorum for ma major
Martens(1900: 502, 672, pi. 37, figs.
3, 3a, b)

Etymology.-- Conchos, shells, in reference to the river.
Description of the Holotype.- Shell elongate-oval,
compressed, thick and solid. Anterior margin rounded
asymmetrically, barely convex above, broadly convex below,
passing smoothly into an almost straight ventral margin.
Posterior margin with three weak angles: ventral, bordering
the ventral margin; dorsal, the weakest angle, bordering the
dorsal margin; and central, below the midline of the shell.
Dorsal margin broadly curved, convex regularly except for
the beak. Beak smooth, slightly projecting, at 68% of shell
length. Beak sculpture removed by erosion. Ligament long
and thick, 45 mm. long; sinus short, triangular,
inconspicuous; sinulus lanceolate, impressed. Neither area
nor areola distinct. Exterior surface with fine concentric
raised threads and irregular coarser swellings, dark brown.
Hinge plate solid, 60% of shell length. Right valve with two
pseudocardinal teeth, a small anterior tooth, oblique, and a
large, stout, trigonal posterior tooth, oblique, and a large,
stout, trigonal posterior tooth, nearly vertical, with fine,
jagged, oblique crenulations; a deep, broadly concave socket
for posterior left pseudocardinal, with oblique crenulations;
a small oblique tooth bordering the pseudocardinal socket;
and a weakly curved, short, strong, lateral tooth. Left valve
with two strong pseudocardinals, with oblique crenulations
over their surfaces and on the socket between, and with two

422 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

short, strong, slightly curved lateral teeth striate on their
opposing faces. Both anterior and posterior adductor and
retractor-pedis muscle scars fused; protractor-pedis scars
distinct and large, about one-fifth the area of the combined
adductor-retractor scars. Suspensor scars conspicuous,
forming an oblique series of five or six adjacent strongly
impressed scars, the dorsoposterior scars within the shallow
cavity of the beaks. Pallial line strong. Nacre white, with
faint salmon finish.

Comparisons." The present species is much like that figured
by Martens (1900: 502) as Unio aztecorum, forma major
(plate 21, figure 2), from Playa de Misantla, Verz Cruz. It
differs by the more nearly oval outline, less prominent beaks
that are more posterior, straight ventral margin, and lack of
posterior inflation of the shell. Some of these differences
might be sexual; age difference seems excluded because the
specimen illustrated by Martens is the largest he measured
(112 mm.), compared to 124 mm. for the type of D. conchos.

The interpretation of Unio aztecorum forma major
Martens has varied with later authors. Frierson (1927: 83)
thought it was based on a full-grown specimen of Lampsilis
(Disconaias) fimbriata Frierson (1907: 86), originally
described from immature material, of which Actinonaias
walkeri H. B. Baker (1922: 20) and Unio salinaensis Simpson
([in] Dall, 1908: 181) are synonyms. Pilsbry (1910: 533) held
the opposite view and believed L. fimbriata and L. aztecorum
(as illustrated by Martens) were distinct. H. B. Baker (1922:
22) discussed L. fimbriata and distinguished it from his
Actinonaias walkeri, but did not mention Unio aztectorum
forma major.

Actinonaias walkeri H. B. Baker, 1922 from the Rio San
Juan, southern Vera Cruz, is similar in the male shells to
Disconaias conchos. As illustrated, A. walkeri differs by a
more strongly curved dorsal margin, with a concavity anteriad

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 423

of the beak; a blunter, more regularly rounded anterior end;
and slightly more posterior beak.

Classification of species and details of synonymy in
Disconaias cannot be resolved at this time. The

interpretations by all of the authors cited are that Lampsilis
fimbriata and Actinonaias walkeri are related to one another,
or even synonyms, and that both are related to Unio discus
Lea, 1838, type species of Disconaias. Those various nominal
species all show a range of variation that includes shells with
far more swollen shape and arcuate dorsal margin than in D.
conchos.

The occurrence of Disconaias in the Rio Conchos is
significant because its relatives are all to the southeast, in the
Rio Panuco drainage and others farther south that drain into
the Gulf of Mexico. None of the fishes of the region shows
a similar distribution (Smith and Miller, 1986).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED

Six adult specimens were collected at the type locality.
The remaining records from the Rio Conchos are based on
worn fragments.

RIO GRANDE SYSTEM

Rio Conchos Drainage. State of Chihuahua, Mexico: Rio Conchos, 15
km NE Saucillo (LACM 69-240.2); 1 km N Rosetilla (LACM 69-
242.1); 1.5 km NW Rosetilla (LACM 69-243.1); all worn valves,
collected by Taylor and Metcalf; Rio Conchos, about 1.2 km W
Julimes, collected by Taylor and Metcalf (LACM 69-239.1).

Rio Salado Drainage. State of Coahuila, Mexico: Rio Sabinas, Villa
Juarez (LACM 95117, Huffman collection, December 1937,
identified by R. I. Johnson).

424 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

LITERATURE CITED

Baker, H. B. 1922. The MoUusca collected by the University of

Michigan - Walker Expedition in southern Vera Cruz, Mexico. I - HI.

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of

Michigan (106): 1-94, pis. 1-17 (February).
Dall, W. H. 1908. Descriptions and figures of some land and freshwater

shells from Mexico, believed to be new. Proceedings of the United

States National Museum 35: 177-182, pis. 29, 30 (November).
Frierson, L. S. 1907. A new Mexican mussel, Lampsilis fimbriata. The

Nautilus 21: 86, 87, pi. 12 [two upper figures and lower left one]

(December).
Frierson, L. S. 1927. A Classified and Annotated Check List of the

North American Naiades. Baylor University Press, Waco, Texas.

1 1 1 pp., errata et corrigenda.
Martens, E. von. 1890-1901. Land and freshwater MoUusca. pp. i-xxviii

+ 706, pis. 1-44. [in] F.D. Godman and O. Salvin (eds.). Biologia

Centrali-Americana, vol. 9. R.H. Porter, London.
Pilsbry, H. A. 1910. Unionidae of the Panuco River System, Mexico.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 61:

532-546, pis. 15-17 (November).
Smith, M.L. and R.R. Miller. 1986. The evolution of the Rio Grande

basin as inferred from its fish fauna, pp. 457-485. [in] C.H. Hocutt

and E.O. Wiley (eds.). The Zoogeography of North American

Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Plate 21

Figure 1 . Disconaias conchos Taylor. Rio Conchos, about Vi km. West of
Julimes, Chihuahua, Mexico. Holotype LACM 2257. Length 124 mm,
height 70 mm, width 42 mm (reduced).

Figure 2. IJnio aztecorum forma major Martens. Playa de Misantla, Vera Cruz,
Mexico. (From Martens) Length 112 mm, height 56 mm, width 42.5 mm
(reduced).

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

425

Plate 21

Occasional Papers on Mollusks

Published by UBi\r\iiY

The Department of Mollusks

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Volume 5 30 January 1998 Number 76

A NEW MUSSEL,

POTAMILIS METNECKTAYI (BIVALVIA: UNIONIDAE)

FROM THE RIO GRANDE SYSTEM,

MEXICO AND TEXAS

WITH NOTES ON MEXICAN DISCONAIAS

Richard I. Johnson'

ABSTRACT: Potamilis metnecktayi, a new species of Unionidae from the
Rio Grande system of Mexico and Texas, is described. It has been
mistaken for Lampsilis (Proptera) salinasensis Simpson, 1908, which is
a synonym of both Lampsilis fimbriata Frierson, 1907 and Disconaias
disca (Lea, 1838) from the Rio Panuco System. Also discussed are
Potamilis purpvrata (Lamarck. 1819), Cyrtonaias tanipicocnsis vLea.
1838), Disconaias walktn (Baker, 1922), and Lampsilis explicata
(Morelet, i»49).

EnITRODUCTION

The supposed correction of the non-existent type locality
of Lampsilis (Proptera) salinasensis Simpson, 1908, from
"Salinas River, Coahuila, Mexico" to "Rio Sabinas, at
Sabinas, Coahuila" by Taylor (1966: 165) led Artie L. Metcalf

Department of Mollusks. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.

427

428 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

(1982: 48), Raymond W. Neck and Metcalf (1988: 262), and
Dwight W. Taylor (unpublished ms.) to assume that the
species described here, in their honor, was the one described
by Simpson. It is here shown that Simpson's species is at a
synonym of Lampsilis fimbriata Frierson, 1907, which itself
is probably a young Disconaias disca (Lea, 1838), all from
the Rio Panuco System, Mexico. In his synonymy of L.
fimbriata, Frierson (1927: 83) included Unio aztecorum
forma major Martens, 1900 and Actinoniaias walkeri H. B.
Baker, 1922. Taylor (1997) discussed Marten' s fonna major
but did not actually resolve its identity, and thought it is
probably merely an old aztecorum. Frierson, subsequently
seeing a large specimens of his L fimbriata sent to him by its
original collector, A. A. Hinkley, was led by its superficial
resemblance to the type of A. walkeri to place this distinct
species, also discussed here, from the Rio San Juan in the
synonymy of fimbriata.

Much of the information on the plate captions is not
repeated elsewhere.

Abbreviations:

ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania
JANSP: Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia
MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,

Massachusetts
PANSP: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia
TAPS: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society

UMMZ: Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann

Arbor, Michigan
USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
UTEP: Department of Biological Sciences, The University of

Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 429

Family UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820

Subfamily LAMPSELINAE (Ihering, 1901) Ortmann, 1910

Genus Potamilis Rafinesque, 1818

Type species: Unio alatus Say, 1817, by subsequent
designation (Morrison, 1969). Placed on the Official List of
Generic Names in Zoology (1992, Bulletin of Zoological
Nomenclature 49 (1): 81), replacing the well-known taxon
Proptera Rafinesque 1819. The case is closed, but for a
historical discussion see Johnson (1980: 128).

Potamilis metnecktayi new species
(Plate 22, figures 1,2)

Lampsilis salinasensis Metcalf 1982 non Simpson, [in] Davis, Proc.

Symposium Recent Benthological Investigations in Texas and

Adjacent States, p. 48, pi. 2, fig. 2.
Potamilus salinasensis Neck and Metcalf 1988, non Simpson, Texas Jour.

Sci. 40: 262; Howells, Neck, and Murray, 1996, non Simpson,

Freshwater mussels of Texas, p. 103, figs., p. 212, col. figs.
Potamilus (Disconaias) salinasensis Howells and Garrett 1995 non

Simpson, Tnannual Unionid Report no. 8: [10].

Holotype. UMMZ 255018 from Rio Salado, 45 mi. S
Nuevo Laredo, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, male; allotype
UMMZ 2550 1 9 from the same locality.

Paratypes. UMMZ 66993 also from type locality;
paratype UTEP 2519 from Rio Grande, 6 mi. W Del Rio, Val
Verde Co., Texas.

Width (mm)

33 Holotype UMMZ 25501 8, Male

31 Allotype UMMZ 255019

24.5 Paratype UTEP 2519, Female

Length (mm)

Height (mm)

109

65

83

56

69

42

430 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Description: Shell medium, probably reaching over 120
mm in length. Outline somewhat obovate. Valves
moderately inflated; shell solid. Anterior end regularly
rounded, posterior end more broadly rounded, angled above
and somewhat pointed in males; females more broadly round.
Ventral margin straight or slightly curved. Dorsal margin
broadly curved, somewhat convex, and winged at the meeting
of the posterior margin. Posterior slope with double,
sometimes triple, radiating ridges. Umbos slightly elevated
above the hinge line, located in the anterior quarter of the
shell, their sculpture not observed. Ligament long and
prominent. Surface of the shell with fine concentric raised
threads and irregular ridges, covered with a lightly shining
brownish periostracum with hints of green, and with faint
rays, especially in young specimens. Left valve with two
pseudocardinal teeth, and two short, slightly curved lateral
teeth. Right valve with two pseudocardinal teeth, the anterior
one tiny, with a large, trigonal posterior tooth, and a single
lateral one. Beak cavities rather shallow. Anterior adductor
muscle scars well impressed, posterior ones faint. Pallial line
distinct. Nacre white to bluish white, and iridescent.
Howells, et al. (1996: 104) report a specimen with a nacre of
a pale salmon tint.

Breeding season: Not known.

Anatomy: Studying a single male P. metnecktayi, Taylor
(ms. ) observed that the mantle margin and gill structure which
he compared to that of a specimen of P. purpurata (Lamarck),
had a similar "preforate mantle between [the] anal and supra-
anal openings, a structure previously unknown," and
suggested that these two species should be placed in a new
sub-genus. He may still be of this opinion, though the entire
genus probably consists of fewer than half a dozen valid
species.

Remarks: Potamilis metnecktayi appears to be restricted
to the Rio Grande System of Mexico and Texas. It is most

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 43 1

similar to P. purpurata (Lamarck, 1819), which occurs in the
Interior Basin on the west side of the Mississippi River from
the White River Drainage, Missouri, south through the
drainages of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas; it also occurs
to the east in the Hatchie River Drainage, Tennessee. In the
Gulf Coastal Region, it now appears to extend from the Rio
Grande System, Texas, to the Mobile-Alabama-Coosa River
System, Alabama and northern Georgia.

The occurrence of P. purpurata (Plate 23, figure 1) in the
Guadalupe River System is based on three records: Blanco
River Drainage. Wimberly Lake, Hayes Co. (UMMZ 79411);
Guadalupe River Drainage. Guadalupe River, Seguin,
Guadalupe Co. (Wurtz, 1950: 2, ANSP); and Guadalupe
River, Victoria Co. (Strecker, 1931: 45, Mitchell List). It was
not formerly reported from the San Antonio or Nueces River
Systems which intervene between the Rio Grande System.
The two published records from the latter system are probably
based on misidentifications. They are: Pecos River Drainage.
Mouth of Pecos River [Val Verde Co.] (Steams, 1891: 104
"single right valve of a half-grown individual [of Unio
coloradoensis Lea] William Lloyd"), which was not located
in the USNM by Taylor, 1986 {ms.); and Devils River
Drainage, Blaines Lake, Val Verde Co. (Strecker, 1931: 45,
R. C. Edgar). Neck and Metcalf (1988: 264) may not have
found this lot in the Strecker Museum (Baylor University,
Waco, Texas), but their examination of the collection led
them to state, "that Strecker often confused P. purpuratus
with Cyrtonaias tampicoensis berlandieri (Lea, 1857)." Both
of these records were probably based on specimens of what is
now known as Cyrtonaias tampicoensis (Lea, 1838) (pi. 23,
fig. 2; pi. 24, figs. 1,2) a species of which Neck and Metcalf
(1988: 259) found abundant in the lower Rio Grande, but
where they did not locate P. purpurata. Recently however,
Howells et al. (1996: 100) reported that P. purpuratus was
found in the Nueces River System, Lake Corpus Christi, Live

432 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Oak County, Texas in 1993 and that it was an introduction.
They also reported specimens from the Rio Grande System,
Amistad Reservoir and Devils River, Val Verde County,
collected in 1994 and 1995, the identity of these specimens
was confirmed with electrophoretic analysis and suggested
that these too represent an introduced population.

Both P. purpurata and metnecktayi have similar general
outlines in both male and female shells, and like all species of
Potamilis, and some other members of North American
genera, they have a shallow dorsoposterior sulcus bordered by
two weak ridges. The shell of purpurata is much more
inflated, especially in the umbonal region, is heavier, grows
much larger, and has a purple nacre whereas that of
metnecktayi is white.

The only other species in the Rio Grande with which
metnecktayi might be confused is the abundant C
tampicoensis which is more rotund, there being little sexual
difference expressed in the shell; the umbos are more
centrally located, the periostracum is often polished and
yellowish with green rays, and the nacre is often pinkish. It
has recently been discussed and figured by Howells (1996:
24) and Howells et al. (1996: 48, figs., p. 205, col. figs.).

Possibly because Simpson suggested Proptera as the
subgenus of Lampsilis salinasensis as well as associating it
with the Rio Grande System, Neck and Metcalf as well as
Taylor {ms.) were led to think that the immature specimens
described by Simpson were the species described here, but
they are young examples of Disconaias disca (Lea, 1838)
from the Panuco River System, Mexico.

Distribution: Endemic to the lower Rio Grande System,
Mexico and Texas.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 433

RIO GRANDE SYSTEM

Rio Grande Drainage. Texas: Rio Grande at San Francisco Creek,
Brewster Co. (Howells et al. 1996: 103, figs.).

Pecos River Drainage. New Mexico: Pecos River, below McMillan
Dam, Eddy Co., Pleistocene, outside present range (Metcalf 1982, loc. 2,
[not seen]). Texas: mouth of Pecos River, at former US 90 bridge (now
flooded by Amistad Reservoir), Val Verde Co. (Taylor, et al., July 1968
[not seen]).

Rio Grande Drainage. Texas: Rio Grande, 6 mi. W Del Rio, Val
Verde Co. (Metcalf, October 1972, UTEP 2519). Rio Grande, Chapengo
gaging station (Metcalf, December 1975, UTEP 4660); Rio Grande, Roma
(Metcalf, December 1975, UTEP 4639 [not seen]); both Star Co.

Rio Salado Drainage. State of Coahuila, Mexico: sediments S bank,
Rio Salado, Municipio Villa Juarez (Metcalf, 1982, loc. 10, p. 48, pi. 2,
fig. 2 UTEP 4844 [not seen]). State of Tamaulipas : Rio Salado, 45 mi. S
Nuevo Laredo (M. M. Ellis, July 1929, UMMZ 66993). State of Nuevo
Leon ; Rio Salado, Lampozos (ANSP 44200 [not seen]).

Genus Disconaias Crosse and Fischer, 1 894
Type species, Unio discus Lea, 1838, original designation
[introduced as a new section]; 1894 [in] Fischer and Crosse,
Mission Scientifique au Mexique, part 7, 2: 556.

Crosse and Fischer [in] Fischer and Crosse (1894: 555-57)
divided the Mexican and Central American Unionidae into
nineteen sections, most with a type species by original
designation. Some of these were later given generic standing
by both Martens and Simpson in 1900. Frierson (1917: 48)
proposed that Actinonaias (type species, Unio sapotalensis
Lea, 1841) be raised to generic level. It was so used by
Ortmann and Walker (1922: 47) and Baker (1922: 20).
Frierson later (1927) reduced A crmcna/a5 to a subgenus, but
retained Baker's use of Disconaias (type species, Unio discus
Lea, 1838) as a subgenus and raised Cyrtonaias (type species,
Unio berlandieri Lea, 1857) to a subgenus. Haas (1969)
essentially merely copied Frierson' s classification of the
North American Unionacea. Heard and Guckert (1971: 340)
and Fuller (1975) both use Cyrtonaias as a genus. Their

434 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

usage and that of Disconaias as a genus by Taylor (1997) is
followed here. It hardly seems necessary to indicate that the
status of Mexican and Central American Unionid genera is
not resolved.

Disconaias disca (Lea, 1838)
(Plate 25, figures 1, 2; Plate 26, figures 1, 2)

Unio discus Lea, 1838, TAPS 6: 74, pi. 18, fig. 57 (Obs. Unio 2: 74);
1843, TAPS 8: 243, (Obs. Unio 3: 72). Holotype USNM 85341
[single valve] (Moctezuma [sic] River, a southern confluent of the
Panuco [teste Martens 1900: 510]).

Unio panacoensis Busch [in] Philippi, 1843, Abbild. und Beschr. ....
Conch. 1: 75, pi. 2 Lectotype, have selected. MCZ 178882 (Flumen
Pancao prope Tampico [Panuco River, near Tampico, Tamaulipas
State, Mexico] (pi. 25, fig. 2) from Busch ex J.G. Anthony).

Unio mexicanus Sowerby, 1867, [in] Reeve, Conch. Iconica 16, Unio, pi.
55, species 281 Lectotype BMNH 79.2.26.281 (Mexico)
inadvertently selected by Johnson (1971: 88) as "holotype."

Unio lapidosus Villa [in] Kobelt, 1893, Nach. Bl. Deutsch. Malacoz.
Gesellsch. 25: 151 (Fluvio Euphrates [erroneous, teste Martens 1900.
pp. 51 1, 651]); 1893, Rossmiisslers Icon. (2) 6: 90, pi. 176, fig. 1 120
(Figured type, Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitat, Berlin).

Unio discus connnectens Martens, 1900, Bio. Cent. Americana 9: 510
(Rio Panuco, near Tampico [Tamaulipas State, Mexico]). Based on
Unio panacoensis Busch (Kiister 1861, Conch. Cab. (2) 9, 2: 242, pi.
18, fig. 1), and Unio mexicanus Sowerby, 1867.

Lampsihs fimbriata Fnerson, 1907, The Nautilus 21: 86, pi. 12, two upper
figs, (type) and lower left one (Valles River [near Valles, State of San
Luis Potosi, Mexico], A. A. Hinkley; holotype UMMZ 87579
refigured by Johnson (1972: 144, pi. 27, fig. 2); 2 paratypes USNM
207440; 3 paratypes MCZ 167699; paratypes ANSP 99547-9).
Pilsbry, 1910, PANSP61: 553. Simpson, 1914, Cat. naiades 1: 177.

Paraptera {!) fimbriata (Frierson), Ortmann \9\2, Annals of the Carnegie
Mus. 8: 332.

Lampsilis( Disconaias) fimbriata Frierson 1927, Check List N. American
naiades: 83; Haas 1969, 467.

Actinonaias (Disconaias) fimbriata (Frierson) Taylor (1966, The Veliger
9: 165.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 435

Lampsilis (Proptera) salinasensis Simpson, 1908, [in] Dall, Proc. U.S.
Nat'l. Mus. 35: 181, pi. 30, fig. 3 (Salinas River, Coahuila, Mexico,
Nelson and Goldman; type locality, here restricted, to the second
locality, Valles River, Valles, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Lectotype USNM 163156 inadvertently selected by Johnson (1975:
9) as the "figured holotype," paralectotype USNM 251834; also 2
paralectotypes USNM 196262 and paralectotype USNM 207440,
both labeled: Valles River, Valles, Mexico, A.A. Hinkley).

In the introduction to his paper, Dall (1908: 177) stated
that, "some species collected by Nelson and Goldman in
1898, which though recognized as new Siud figured at that
time [this author's italics], have not been hitherto published."
Simpson mentioned that he had three specimens, all probably
young and female, apparently exclusive of the three
specimens from Hinkley. While Metcalf (1982: 48) refers to
USNM 251834, as "a series of paratypes," this lot now
consists of a single specimen with a label that reads the same
as that of the figured holotype, but with "paratype =fimbriata
fide Simpson" on the verso. Metcalf (1982: 49) called
attention to an additional label with this paratype "older in
appearance [which] reads, 'May 26, 1902, Sabinas R.,
Sabinas, Coahuila, Mexico, Nelson and Goldman.'" It also
has ^'Lampsilis fimbriata Frierson" on the verso, not
mentioned by Metcalf.

Nelson and Goldman went to Mexico mainly to collect
birds and mammals, but they did pick up other natural history
objects. In the summary of their expedition, Goldman ( 1 95 1 :
131) mentioned that they spent 10 days between May 20-31,
1902 at Sabinas, a town on the railroad in eastern Coahuila,
and that the Rio Sabinas is, "easily fordable except after rains
which bring down flood water. Recent rains have brought out
many wild flowers." Even if the river had receded
sufficiently during the time Nelson and Goldman were at this
station to make collecting in it feasible, the supposed date of
doing so on May 26, halfway through their stay, hints that this

436 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

is the newer label. It is suggested here that this label is an
attempt to locate the imaginary Salinas River based on a
subsequent interpretation of the field notes.

As previously mentioned, Dall specifically stated that the
material was collected in 1898. Taylor (1966: 165) pointed
out that Nelson and Goldman were not in Coahuila at all
during that year. Peradventure with this in mind, Metcalf
(1982: 49) accepted what is regarded here as the "corrected"
label as authentic. Taylor was correct: Nelson and Goldman
were not at Coahuila during 1898; they were actually at
Valles during April 27-29 and May 27-29 of that year, and in
the State of San Luis Potosi even longer.

The original locality does not exist and the corrected one
appears to be a spurious interpolation, confirmed by the
absence of any authentic published records of Lampsilis
(Proptera) salinensis from the Rio Grande system since the
mussel was described almost a century ago. It is almost
certain that it does not occur there. It is most probable that all
of Simpson's materials came from the Panuco River System.
The type locality has therefore been restricted to the second
locality, Valles River, Valles, State of San Luis Potosi,
Mexico.

Description: Shell usually medium, though reaching over
130 mm in length. Outline somewhat obovate or elliptical.
Valves quite compressed, shell solid. Anterior end broadly
rounded, posterior end more broadly rounded, tending to be
subtruncate. Ventral margin somewhat rounded. Dorsal
margin broadly curved. Posterior ridge rounded, ending in a
blunt point below the medial line. Unbos slightly elevated
above the hinge line, located in the anterior quarter of the
shell, without observed sculpture. Ligament long and
prominent. Surface of the shell smooth when young, but
sometimes with a feebly nodulously sculptured dorsal slope.
Some specimens with numerous irregular pit-like
impressions, concentric striae and shallow sulci.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 437

Periostracum yellowish-green with wide or narrow greenish
rays, or becoming yellowish and brownish in older specimens.
Left valve with two subcompressed, ragged pseudocardinal
teeth and two lateral ones. Right valve with one large tooth
and a vestigial one before it; one lateral tooth. Umbonal
cavities shallow. Anterior adductor muscle scars well
impressed, posterior ones faint. Pallial line somewhat distinct
anteriorly. Nacre white, bluish white or purple, with a wide
prismatic border.

Length (mm)

Hei]

2ht (mm)

Width (mm)

132

87

36

U. discus Holotype, USNM 85341

120

85

37

U. panacoensis Lectotype, MCZ
178882

80

47

25

L. fimbriata Holotype, UMMZ
87579, Probably female

80

52

22

Lfimbriatia Paratype, MCZ 167699,
Male

70

40

20

L. (P.) salinasensis Lectotype. USNM
163156. Female

Breeding season and anatomy: Ortmann (1912: 332), on
the basis of a gravid paratype of L. fimbriata that was
collected in December, 1906 or January, 1907, said that the
breeding season in "winter should be noted." He suggested
that the soft parts v/ere in every respect like that of P. gracilis
[Leptodea fragilis (Rafinesque, 1820)], but so were those of
other genera, and he tentatively plsiccd fimbriata in Proptera.
He further noted thai fimbriata lacked the special structure on
the edge of the mantle typical of Lampsilis.

Remarks: Pilsbry (1910: 533) placed U. panacoensis
[sic] Busch. lapidosus Villa and connectens Martens under
the synonymy of D. disca, all of which Martens (1900: 509,
510) regarded as varieties of it, remarking that "they occur
together and fully integrate. The nacre may be white, salmon,
or purple." Pilsbry further regarded salinasensis Simpson as
a S}Tionym of fimbriata Frierson as did Ortmann (1912: 332)

438 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

and Simpson himself (1914: 188). Pilsbry further suggested
that fimbriata was related to Lampsilis strebeli (Lea) and
discus (Lea).

In his description of L. fimbriata, Frierson does not
compare it with any other described species, but mentions that
A. A. Hinkley had informed him that C. T. Simpson had an
unnamed species so near to, if not identical, to fimbriata
under the name Lampsilis salinasensis, that he did not intend
to describe it. Both Frierson and Simpson had received
Valles River specimens from Hinckley.

Nevertheless, Simpson's description of L. (P.)
salinasensis did appear during the following year, 1908. He
compared it to Lampsilis explicata (Morelet, 1849)(Plate 27,
figure 1) and suggested that the former was more obovate
rather than true rhomboid, and had more compressed and
sharper beaks. He further mentioned that the posterior slope
of explicata was nearly or quite smooth, whereas that of
salinasensis was corrugated, but that is true only in young
specimens such as the few he had before him, all of which he
regarded as females.

Lampsilis explicata (Morelet, 1849) appears to be
restricted to the Rio Usumacinta System of Guatemala and
Mexico. The several specimens that Simpson had before him
collected by Nelson and Goldman from the Rio Usumacinta,
Monte Cristo, State of Tabasco, Mexico are all much larger
than his specimens of salinasensis. They are much more
inflated, yellowish or yellowish-brown, with only an
occasional hint of rays. The hinges are quite different: the
pseudocardinals of salinasensis (disca) are subcompressed
and ragged and an interdentum is present, but in explicata the
teeth are lamellar and almost parallel to the hinge line, and
there is no interdentum. Baker (1922: 23) stated that he could
not believe that Simpson would ever confuse a species, even
a male specimen, of this group [D. disca] with A. explicata.

Baker (1922: 21), in his description of Actinonaias

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 439

(Disconaias) walkeri (Plate 27, figure 2) from the Rio San
Juan system, called attention to the marked dimorphism in
older specimens, suggested that older males somewhat
resemble L.fimbriata Frierson (1907), while those taken from
older females have the slightly hooked beaks and humped
posterior dorsal margin of U. discus Lea, 1838. He then
states,

"I think it probably that Unio discus (more normal development
U. panacoensis von d. Busch) is largely based on old female
specimens which have reached, in the quieter water of the large
river near Tampico, their completely distinctive form, while L.
fimbriata Frierson, also from the Panuco River System, is a small
stream form of the same thing, mainly described from males and
from rather immature females that have not developed the
characteristic shape of the older specimens. A youngish shell,
approaching L. fimbriata, in the ANSP from near Tampico,
perhaps represents the male of typical A. disca (Lea). Some of
the young shells of disca in the ANSP are indistinguishable from
specimens of L. fimbriata, which might be regarded as females
that had not yet completely developed the adult dimorphism."

Baker (1922: 22) thought that disca and fimbriata were
the same species, but because of their ecophenotypic
differences, he chose to regard them as subspecies. Naming
ecophenotypic forms was a common practice before the
biological species was defined.

Distribution: Disconaias disca (Lea) appears to be restricted
to the Rio Tamesi and Panuco Systems, Mexico.

RIO TAMESI SYSTEM

Rio Sabinas Drainage. State ofTamaulipas, Mexico: Rio Sabinas,
18 km E Gomez Farias, H. D. Atheam (personal communication).

Rio Guavalejo Drainage. State of Tamaulipas Mexico: Rio
Guavalejo, 19 mi ENE Ciudad Mante, MCZ 288410.

440 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

RIO PANUCO SYSTEM

Rio Panuco Drainage. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico: Casas
Viejas [River], MCZ 69845; Valles [River] 2 mi. W Mecos, Pilsbry,
ANSP; near Valles, USNM 207449. Panuco [River], near Tampico,
Tamaulipas, MCZ 316163, ANSP 125585.

Moctezuma [River] Drainage. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico:
Moctezuma River, just below ford, [S Tampamolin], ANSP 99546.

ACKNOWLEDGIVIENTS

Special thanks are extended to Dr. Dwight D. Taylor for the
manuscript he submitted to me in 1986, in which he lost interest after I
reviewed it. He kindly suggested that I do with it what I would. It
inspired the present paper. Thanks are extended to Drs. James H. McLean
of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, California; John
B. Burch of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan; M. G. Harasewych of the National Museum of Natural History,
Washington, D. C; and Artie L. Metcalf of the Department of Biological
Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, for the loan of type
specimens and other materials without which the present work could not
have been completed. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Gary Rosenberg of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for access to that
collection and Mr. Herbert D. Athearn for a record from his collection,
Dr. Kenneth J. Boss and Mr. Daniel L. Graf kindly read the manuscript

and made numerous suggestions. Mr. Graf and Mr. Adam J. Baldinger

also prepared the manuscript, as well as the plates for publication.

LITERATURE CUED

Baker, H. B. 1922. The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan
- Walker expedition in southern Vera Cruz, Mexico I - III.
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of
Michigan, 106: 1-95, pis. 1-17 (February).

Busch, G. von dem 1843 [in] Philippi. R. A. 1842-44, Abildungen und
Beschreibungen .... Conchylien 1: 1-204, [8] 47 pis., pt. 3: 47-76.

Crosse, H. and P. Fischer. 1894 [in] Fischer, P. and H. Crosse. 1880-1902.
Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans I'Amerique Centrale. Pt. 7
(Mollusques), 2: 1-731, pis. 32-82. 1894, Pt. 15: 489-576, pis. 59-62.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 44 1

Dall. W. H. 1908. Descriptions and figures of some land and fresh- water

shells from Mexico, believed to be new. Proceedings of the United

States National Museum 35: 177-182, pis. 29-30 (November).
Frierson. L. S. 1907. A new Mexican mussel, Lampsilis fimbriata. The

Nautilus 21 (8): 86, two upper figures and lower left one (December).
. 1917. New genera and species of Central American Naiades. The

Nautilus 31 (2): 47-48 (October).
. 1927. A classified and annotated check list of the North American

naiades. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press: 111, and "errata and

corrigenda" sheet.
Fuller, S. L. H. 1975. The systematic position of Cyrtonaias.

Malacological Review 8: 81-89 (June).
Goldman, E. A. 1951. Biological investigations in Mexico. Smithsonian

Miscellaneous Collections 115:i-xiii + 1-476, pis. 1-10, frontispiece.
Haas, F. 1969. Superfamilia Unionacea. Das Tierreich, Berlin, Pt. 88: 1-x

+ 1-663 (January).
Heard, W. H. and R. H. Guckert. 1971. A re-evaluation of the recent

Unionacea (Pelecypoda) of North America. Malcologica [1970] 10

(2): 333-355 (July).
Howells, R. G. 1996. The Tampico pearlymussel {Cyrtonaias

tamplcoensis): shades of the old west. American Conchologists 24

(2) 24-26.
and G. P. Garrett. 1995. Freshwater mussel surveys of Rio Grande

tributaries in Chihuahua, Mexico [in] Biggins, R. G. (Editor).

Asheville, North Carolina, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Triannual

Unionid Report 8: 50 pages [not numbered! (November).
Howells, R. G., R. W. Neck and H. D. Murray 1996. Freshwater mussels

of Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Press, Austin Texas, pp. iv, 218,

unnumbered plain colored figures.
Johnson, R. I. 1971 The types and figured specimens of Unionacea

(Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the British Museum (Natural History).

Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 20 (3): 73-
108, 2 pis.
— . 1972. Illustrations of all of the Mollusks described by L. S. Frierson.

Occasional Papers on Mollusks 3 (41): 137-173, pis. 22-32.

. 1974. Lea's unionid types or Recent fossil taxa of Unionacea and

Mutelacea introduced by Isaac Lea, including the location of all the
extant types. Special Occasional Publication No. 2 Department of
Mollusks, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: 159.

. 1975. Simpson's unionid types and miscellaneous unionid types in

the National Museum of Natural History. Special Occasional

442 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Publication No. 4, Department of Mollusks, Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 56, 3 pis.
. 1980. Zoogeography of North American Unionacea (Mollusca:
Bivalvia) north of maximum Pleistocene glaciation. Bulletin of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology 149 (2): 77-189 (September).

Kobelt, W. 1893. Diagnosen neuer palaertischer Arten. Nachrichtsblatt
der deutschen malakozoologischen gesellschaft 25 (9, 10); 150-153
(September - October).

and E. A. Rossmassler. 1892-1893. Iconographie land & suss wasser-

mollusken.... (2) 6: 1-102, pis. 151-180. Pts. 5, 6: 82-102.

Kuster, H. C. 1839-1862 [in] Martini und Chemnitz. Systematisches
Conchylien-Cabinet (2) 9, pt. 2, Unio et Hyria: 1-318, pis. 1- 100;
1853. Pt. 127, pp. 65-88, pis. 18-22; 1861, Pt. 178, pp. 209-256, pis.
86-88.

Lea, I. 1834-74. Observations on the genus Unio. 1-13. Philadelphia:
privately published. [A reprint of papers from the Transactions of the
American Philosophical Society and the Journal of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. They are repaged, but the plate and
figure numbers are the same as those in the original publications.]
. 1838. Description of new freshwater and land shells. Transactions
of the American Philosophical Society, 6: 1-152, pis. 1-24.
. 1843. Description of new freshwater and land shells. Transactions
of the American Philosophical Society, 8: 133-252, pis. 5-27.
. 1856. Description of four new species of exotic Uniones.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 8:
103.

. 1857. Description of six new species of freshwater and land shells
from Texas and Tamaulipas, from the collection of the Smithsonian
Institution. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia, 9: 101-102.

. 1858. New freshwater and land shells. Journal of the Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, (2) 3: 289-321, pis. 21-33.
. 1860a. Descriptions of three new species of Uniones from Mexico.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 12;
305-306.

. 1860b. New Unionidae of the United States and northern Mexico.
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, (2) 4; 327-
374, pis. 51-66.

. 1861. Descriptions of eleven new species of the genus Unio from the
United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia, 13:391-393.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 443

. 1862. New Unionidae of the U. States and Arctic America. Journal

of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, (2) 5: 187-256,

pis. 24-33.
Martens, E. von. 1900 [in] 1890-1901. Biologia Centrali-Americana.

Land and freshwater Moilusca 9:i-xxviii -i- 1-706, pis. 1-44. Part.

155: 497-520, pis. 33-35 (April); Pt. 157: 529-536, pis. 36, 37

(August).
Metcalf, A. L. 1982. Fossil Unionacean bivalves from three tributaries of

the Rio Grande, pp. 43-58, 2 pis. [in] J. R. Davis [editor].

Proceedings of the Symposium on Recent Benthological

Investigations in Texas and Adjacent States. Austin, Texas: Texas

Academy of Sciences, Aquatic Sciences Section, 278 pp.
Morelet, A. L. 1849. Testacea novissima insulae Cubanae et Americae

Centralis. Pt. 1: 1-31, Paris.
Morrsion, J. P. E. 1969. The earliest names for North American naiades.

Annual reports of the American Malacological Union for 1969: 22-

24.
Neck, R. W. and A. L. Metcalf. 1988. Freshwater bivalves of the lower

Rio Grande, Texas. The Texas Journal of Sciences, 40 (3): 259-268

(August).
Ortmann, A. E. 1912. Notes upon the families and genera of naiades.

Annals of the Carnegie Museum 8: 222-355, pis. 18-20.
and B. Walker. 1922. On the nomenclature of certain North

American naiades. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology,

University of Michigan, 112: 1-75 (July).
Pilsbry, H. A. 1910. Unionidae of the Panuco River System, Mexico.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 61:

532-539, pis. 25-25 (January).
Simpson, C. T. 1900. Synopsis of the naiades, or pearly freshwater

mussels. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32: 501-

1044.

. 1908. See under: Dall, W.H.

. 1914. A descriptive catalogue of the naiades or pearly freshwater

mussels. Detroit, Michigan: privately published. Parts 1-3, pp. I-xi +

1-1540.
Sowerby, G. B. 1865, 67. [in] L. Reeve, 1864-67, Conchologia Iconica

16, Unio: pis. 1-96 with letterpress; 1865, pi. 22 (April); 1867, pis. 55

(April).
Stearns, R. E. C. 1891. List of North American land and fresh-water

shells received from the United States Department of Agriculture,

with notes and comments thereon. Proceedings of the United States

National Museum 14: 95-106.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 444

Strecker, J. K. 1931. The distribution of the naiades or pearly freshwater

mussels of Texas. Baylor University Museum Special Bulletin 2: 69, table.
Taylor, D. W. 1966. A remarkable snail fauna from Coahuila, Mexico.

The Veliger 9 (2): 152-228. pis. 8-19. 25 text figures (October).

. 1977. A new mussel, Disconaias conchas (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

from Rio Conchos of the Rio Grande System, Mexico. Occasional

Papers on Mollusks 5 (75): 419-425 (August).
Villa. A. 1893. See under: Kobelt, W.
Wurtz, C. B. 1950. Quadrula (Quincuncina) guadalupensis sp. nov.

(Unionidae: Pelecypoda). Notulae Naturae, 224: 1-3.

Plate 22

Potamilis metnecktayi Johnson.

Fig. 1. Rio Salado, 45 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, State of Tamaulipas,
Mexico. Holotype UxMMZ 255018. Length 109 mm,
height 65 mm, width 33 mm Male (approx. 0.75X).

Fig. 2. Rio Salado, 45 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, State of Tamaulipas,
Mexico. Allotype UMMZ 255019. Length 83 mm, height
56 mm, width 31m. (reduced).

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

445

Plate 22

446 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 23

Potamilis purpurata (Lamarck, 1819)

Fig. 1. Unio coloradoensis Lea 1856, PANSP 8: 103 (Rio

Colorado, Texas); 1858, JANSP (2) 3: 314, pis. 31, fig. 29;
1857, Obs. Unio, 6: 34. Lectotype USNM 84845
inadvertently selected by Johnson (1975: 32) as the
"figured holotype." Length 124 mm, height 77.5 mm,
width 44 mm Male (approx. 0.75X).

Cyrtonaias tampicoensis (Lea, 1838)

Fig. 2. Unio saladoensis Lea 1860, PANSP 12: 305 (Rio Salado,
New [Neuvo] Leon [State], Mexico); 1860, JANSP (2) 4:
370, pi. 65, fig. 195; 1860, Obs. Unio 8: 52. Figured
holotype only USNM [lost]. Length 30 mm, height 22
mm, width 13.5 mm (approx. 2X).

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

447

Wt 4{'i /,*

mm

Plate 23

448 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 24

Cyrtonaias tampicoensis (Lea, 1838)

Fig. 1. Unio berlandierii Lea, 1857, PANS? 9: 101 ([Rio Grande]
Matamoras State of Tamaulipas, Mexico; 1860, JANSP
(2) 4: 369, pi. 64, fig. 195; 1860, Obs. Unio 8: 52.
Lectotype USNM 84427 inadvertently selected by
Johnson (1974: 20) as the 'Tigured holotype." Length 87
mm, height 64 mm, width 41.5 mm (approx. nat. size).

Fig. 2. Unio heermanii Lea, 1861, PANSP 13: 392 (Medina

River [San Antonio River System], Texas); 1862, JANSP
(2) 5: 194, pi. 26, fig. 263; 1863, Obs. Unio 9: 16.
Lectotype USNM 83932 inadvertently selected by
Johnson (1974) as the 'Tigured holotype." Length 62.5
mm., height 40 mm., width 21 mm. (approx. 1.25X).
Topotypes UMMZ 79392 ex J. A. Singley.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

449

Plate 24

450 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 25

Disconaias disca (Lea, 1838)

Fig. 1. Unio discus Lea. River Moctezuma [Panuco River

System, Mexico]. Holotype (single valve) USNM 85341.
Length 123 mm, height 87 mm, width 36 mm (approx.

0.75X).

Fig. 2. Unio panacoensis Busch. [Panuco River, near Tampico,
State of Tanaulipas, Mexico]. Lectotype MCZ 178882.
Length 120 mm, height 85 mm, width 37 mm (approx.

0.75X).

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

451

Plate 25

452 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 26

Disconaias disca (Lea, 1838)
Fig. 1. Lampsilis fimbriata Frierson. Valles River [near Valles,
State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico]. Holotype UMZM
87579 . Length 80 mm, height 47 mm, width 25 mm
(slightly enlarged).

Fig. 2. Lampsilis fimbriata Frierson. Valles River [near Valles,
State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico]. Paratype USNM
207440. Length 87.5 mm, height 54 mm, width 22 nun
(reduced).

Fig. 3. Lampsilis (Proptera) salinasensis Simpson. [Valles

River, near Valles, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico].
Lectotype USNM 163156 inadvertently selected by
Johnson (1975: 19) as the "figured holotype." Length 69
mm, height 38 mm, width 20 mm (slightly enlarged).

Plate 27

Lampsilis explicata (Morelet, 1849)

Fig. 1. Lampsilis explicata (Morelet). [Rio Usumacincta]. Monte
Cristo [now Emihano Zapata], State of Tabasco. Mexico.
USNM 160741. Length 107 mm, height 59, width 32 mm
(slightly reduced).

Unio explicatus Morelet 1849. Testacea noviss. insulae Cubanae et Amer. Centralis, Pt, 1:
28 (flumen Usumasinta, ad pagum Balanan Tabascensium). Lectotype BMNH 93.2.4.2027
figured by Fischer and Crosse, 1894, Mission Scientifique au Mexique, pi. 7, 2: 594, pi.
61, fig. l.inadvenently selected by Johnson (1971: 83) as the 'measured holotype."

Unio (Mesonaias) explicatus (Morelet) Crosse and Fischer [in] Fischer and Crosse, 1 894,
Mission Scientific au Mexique. pt. 7, 2: 556, 594.

Lampsilis explicata (Morelet) Simpson 1914, Cat. naiades 1: 176.

Lampsilis (Cyrtonaias [sic]) explicata (Morelet) Frierson, 1927, Check List N. American
naiades, p. 85.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

453

Plate 26

454 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Plate 27 (continued)
Lampsilis explicate (Morelet, 1849) (continued)

Lampsilis (Mesonaias) explicata (Morelet) Haas, 1969, Das Tierreich 88: 466.

Unio testudineus Sowerby 1865 [in] Reeve, Conchologia Iconica 16, Unio: pi. 22, sp. 101

(Rio Usumasinto, Portugal [sic], Cuming coll'n) non Morelet 1849.
Lampsilis lividus Simpson 1900, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 32: 571. New name for Unio
testudineus Sowerby 1865 non Morelet 1849.
Lampsilis livida Simpson, 1914, Cat. naiades, 1: 174.

Distribution

Appears to be restricted to the Usmasinta River system of Guatemala and Mexico
USUMACINTA RIVER SYSTEM

Rio Salinas (Rio Chixoy) Drainage. [State of El Peten ]Guatemala: Rio Chixoy [at
Arroyo] Rompido, Diering USNM 128995.

Rio de la Pasion Drainage[SXdXe. of El P^ten]. Guatemala: Rio de la Pasion USNM
783045.

Rio Usumacinta Drainage. State of Tabasco Mexico: [Rio Usumacinta] Monte Cristo
[now EmiUano Zapata], Nelson and Goldman, USZM 160741; 5.5 mi. SE Emillano Zapata,
F. G. Thompson, MCZ 288408.

Genus Actinonaias Crosse and Fischer, 1894

Type species Unio sapotalensis Lea, 1841; original designation.
Originally described [in] Fischer and Crosse, 1894, Mission Scientifique
au Mexique, pt. 7, 2: 556 as a section of Unio, Actinonaias was raised to
a genus by Frierson (1917: 48) as accepted as such by Ortmann and
Walker (1922: 47). While reduced to a subgenus of Lampsilis by Fnerson
(1927: 84), it has since been widely accepted as a genus.

Actinonaias walkeri Baker, 1922
Fig. 2. Actinonaias (Disconaias) walkeri Baker. Rio San Juan,
near Hacienda de Cutotolapam, State of Vera Cruz,
Mexico. Paratype UMMZ 31844 (single valve). Length
101 mm, height 58 mm., width (estimated) 28 mm (slightly
reduced).
Actinonaias (Disconaias) walkeri H. B. Baker 1922, Occasional Papers Museum of Zoology,
Umversity of Michigan, 106: 20, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2; pi. 9, fig. 49; pi. 10, figs. 48-50; pi. 11,
figs. 48, 49 (Rio San Juan, near Hacienda de Cutotolapam, State of Vera Cmz, Mexico;
holotype UMMZ 31844, figured on pi. 9, fig. 49); paratypes UMMZ 31844 and ANSP
133694.

Distribution

Known only from the type lot consisting of "fifteen specimens, including odd valves,"
from the Rio San Juan System and further south fi-om the [Rio Coaszacoalcos], Coatzacoalcos,
State of Vera Cruz , Mexico, LACM 11 1413.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

b:>

Plate 27

456 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

THE MYTH OF OCTOPUS GIGANTEUS VERRLLL, 1897;
A WHALE OF A STORY

Richard L Johnson

The work of Gennaro (1971) and Mackel (1986) on
samples of tissue from the Florida Sea Monster, Octopus
giganteus Verrill, 1897 led them to the conclusion that is
was indeed, an Octopus. Their identification was accepted
by Johnson (1989:39), though Verrill (1897), himself, was
sure that his identification was erroneous. Over the years
among the other believers that the monster was an Octopus
were Wood (1971), Mangiacopora (1975, 1977), and
Mangiacopora et al. (1994, 1995). The last work was
titled, "Final vindication for Octopus giganteus.''

However, very shortly thereafter. Pierce et al. (1995),
on the basis of electron microscopy and amino acid
analyses of tissue from specimens saved from the creature
grounded so many years before on a Florida beach,
concluded that the tissue was certainly part of an ordinary
whale. A great blob washed into a lagoon in Bermuda
during the summer of 1988 was also studied by them, and
they concluded from its amino acid fingerprint that it was
part of a cold-blooded fish, shark, or ray. Dr. Clyde Roper,
curator of invertebrate zoology at the National Museum of
Natural History was impressed with the rigor of the
research by Pierce et al., and he was quoted by Weiss
(1995), "This settles the question of the Florida Sea
Monster and the Bermuda Blob." Alas, neither was an
invertebrate.

Many of the following references were kindly furnished
by Dr. Alan R. Kabat.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 457

LITERATURE CITED

Gennaro, Jr., J.F. 1971. An Octopus Trilogy. Part 2 The Creature
Revealed. Natural History. The Journal of the American Museum
of Natural History. 80(3): 24,84,85 (March).

Johnson, R.I. 1989. Molluscan taxa of Addision Emery Verrill and

Katherine Jeannette Bush, including those introduced by Sanderson
Smith and Alpheus Hyatt Verrill. Occasional Papers on MoUusks
5(67): 1-143, pis. 1-19 (August).

Mackel, R.P. 1986. Biochemical analysis of preserved Octopus
giganteus tissue. Cryptozoology 5:55-62.

Mangiacopra, G.S. 1975. Octopus giganteus Verrill: a new species of
Cephalopod. Of Sea and Shore 6(1): 3-10, 51 (Spring).

1977. More on Octopus giganteus. Of Sea and Shore 8(30): 174,

178 (Fall).

Mangiacopra, G.S., M.P.R. Raynal, D.G. Smith and D.F. Avery. 1994.
Update on Octopus giganteus Verrill Part I: More forgotten
fragments of its 19th century history. Of Sea and Shore 17(4):
171-178, 9 figs. (Fall).

1995. History repeating itself: Part II: Ignored-rediscovered-

ignored again !-and final vindication for Octopus giganteus 1909-
1994. Of Sea and Shore 17(4): 221-225 (Winter).

Pierce, S.K., G.N. Smith, Jr., T.K. Maugel and E.Clark. 1995. On the
giant octopus (Octopus giganteus) and the Bermuda Blob: Homage
to A.E. Verrill. Biological Bulletin 188: 219-230 (April).

Verrill, A.E. 1897. A gigantic Cephalopod on the Florida Coast.
American Journal of Science (4)3:79 (January); Additional
information concerning the giant Cephalopod of Florida, Ibid. 162-
163 (February); The supposed great Octopus of Florida; certainly
not a Cephalopod, Ibid. 355-356 (April)

Weiss, R. 1995. Scientists sink a sea monster tale. Masses of flesh
didn't come from a colossal Octopus, study concludes. The
Washington Post, p. A18 (Sunday, April 2).

Wood, E.G. 1971. An Octopus Triology. Part I Stupefying colossus of
the deep. Natural History. The Journal of the American Museum
of Natural History 80(3): 14-16, 18, 20-24. Part III In which
Bahamian fisherman recount their adventures with the beast. Ibid
84, 86, 87 (March).

458 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

ON "THE CHAMBERED NAUTILUS"
BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES

Richard I. Johnson

If Oliver Wendell Holmes is remembered by the present
generation, it is because of Old Ironsides. This poem,
written in 1830 whilst he was a student at the Harvard Law
School, led directly to the preservation of the frigate
Constitution, which had been slated to be dismantled at the
Charlestown Navy- Yard. He changed from law to
medicine and became a professor at the Harvard Medical
School. He invented an improved stethoscope and wrote a
medical classic on Puerperal Fever thereby helping to save
the lives of many women during childbirth, but we only
look for the influences that inspired him to write The
Chambered Nautilus.

In the introduction to a new edition of The Autocrat of
the Breakfast Table, first published in 1858, Van Wyck
Brooks (1960: v) pointed out that what kept the book alive
was an ever-timely wit that sprang from the "code of
finalities", a general agreement of "values" as they were
later called. This, according to Holmes, was the "necessary
condition of profitable talk between two persons," the sort
said to have flourished at the Saturday Club founded in
1855. Amongst the original members besides Holmes, one
of the founders, were Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell,
Motley, and Louis Agassiz, who was to receive the charter
for the Museum of Comparative Zoology in 1859 from the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The extent to which the
club was a mutual admiration society will not even be
guessed at, but both it and the Museum are still extant.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS ^• 459

- ' • --Brooks ( 1 936: 354X paraphrasing the doctor,, speaking
of his inspiration says, "Well he recalled the moments when
a iyric conception' had struck him like a bullet in the
forehead, when the blood dropped from his cheek and he
felt himself turning as white as death. Once or twice only
had he had this feeling, ~ as when he wrote The
Chambered Nautilus, ~ a creeping as of centipedes running
down the spine, a gasp, a jump of the heart, then a sudden
flush, a beating in the vessel of the head, then a long sigh ~
and the poem was written."

Holmes' poem was considered to be fresh, intense in
feeling, and American. In his introduction he says, "We
need not trouble ourselves about the distinction between
this [Pearly Nautilus] and Paper Nautilus, the Argonauta of
the ancients. The name applied to both shows that each has
long been compared to a ship, as you may see more fully in
Webster's Dictionary (1846). or the 'Encyclopedia' to
which he refers." Webster also calls attention to Roget
(1836: 191, figs. 126, 127) where there are rather wretched
figures of a Nautilus, one showing it sectioned. Of this
figure Holmes says, "the last will show you the series of
enlarging compartments successively dwelt in by the
animal that inhabits the shell which is built in a widening
spiral. Can you find no lesson in this?" This equiangular
-spiral is discussed by Thompson (1942: 748).

The poem opens with the line, "This is the ship of
pearl," the following seven lines refer not to the Nautilus,
but to the female oi Argonauta argo, an octopod. The
Argonaut, or Paper Nautilus, has mistakenly been known
for over 2,000 years as a navigator which sails the warm
seas of the world, near the surface, in a boat of shell. While
the first membranes, do look like miniature sails, both the

460 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

ancients and Holmes were wrong as to their function.
Actually, the skin glands of these arms secrete calcium
carbonate which forms a delicate white "shell" or nest-case
which does not resemble any other cephalopod shell and,
unlike the .several species of Nautilus, is not chambered.
Lane (1960: 9) described how the shell is formed, but that
is not relevant to this discussion. The "Encyclopedia"
mentioned by Webster as authored by Cuvier (see under:
Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834: 9) claims incorrectly that the
six tentacula are used as oars. Sex is not mentioned is these
lines describing the anatomy of the female Argc, it might
please feminists to know that while the female may reach
over a foot in length, the dwarf male is seldom more than
one half an inch in length. Yes, one half inch.

Beginning with the ninth line, "Wrecked is the ship of
pearl!" is a description of the shell of the Nautilus, probably
Nautilus pompilius, one of six living species remaining of
the some 3,000-odd species known from the fossil record.
Living Nautilus are rarely seen at the surface, excep along
the coast of the Nicobar Islands. As the animal moves
forward into each enlarging chamber of its shell, it seals off
all but a small hole with slender wall. A siphuncle runs
back through the hole in each chamber to the original one.
Gas in the chambers gives the animal, which lives in the
last chamber, buoyancy. Thus, it is not quite true that he
"knew the old [chamber] no more."

The facts would have probably been of little interest to
Holmes who says, "Thanks for the heavenly message
brought by thee." He seems to have been quite impressed
with the physico-theology which was especially popular in
England during the first half of the nineteenth century,
probably having studied Paley (1802) Natural Theology: Or

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUS KS 46 1

Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Diety
Collected from the Appearances of Nature, but especially
by the Bridgewater Treatise authored by Roget (1836) of
Thesaurus fame. Paley and the other authors of the
Treatises (1833-36) used scientific subjects to demonstrate
"the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested
in the Creation" (see: Mayr, 1982: 367-375). Science and
theology were not separate subjects in those days, and while
Agassiz never accepted evolution, there is no evidence that
Holmes did either, though the records of the Boston
Athenaeum indicate that from January 31 to March 9, 1845
he had out Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
(1844) published anonymously by Robert Chambers, which
caused a sensation when "the author embraced the doctrine
of Progressive Development as a hypothetic history of
organic creation." In a lengthy review, glowing with praise,
of Agassiz' s Contibutions to the Natural History of the
United States of America^ Holmes (1858) concluded that,
"Natural History must, in good time, become the analysis of
the thoughts of the Creator of the Universe, as manifested
in the animal and vegetable kingdoms." There is no
evidence that the subsequent publication of Darwin's On
the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in
1860, had any more effect on Holmes views that it did on
those of Agassiz. Agassiz soon ceased to oppose evolution
on a professional level, but continued his attack on the
popular level where his prestige remained high, becoming
increasingly more dogmatic. Morris (1997: 122), however,
has pointed out that in the chapter added by Agassiz (1869)
to the French translation of his Essay on Classification
Agassiz explained what he believed to be a factual rejection
of Darwinism, based on the data he thought Darwin was

462 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

unable to explain, as well as to Ernst Haeckel's application
of Darwinism to evolutionary classifications. Holmes and
Agassiz were able to continue basking in each others
admiration at the Saturday Club until the death of Agassiz
in 1873.

Quoting an early biographer of Holmes in his Early
Years of the Saturday Club, Emerson 1918: 167) relates
that when once asked if he had "derived more satisfaction
from having written his 'Essay on Puerperal Fever,' which
had saved so many lives, or from having written the lyric
which had given pleasure to so many thousands. Dr.
Holmes replied 'I think I will not answer the question you
put to me. I think oftenest of The Chambered Nautilus,
which is a favorite poem of mine, though I wrote it myself.
The essay comes up at long intervals. The poem repeats
itself in my memory, and its very often spoken of by
correspondents in terms of more than ordinar}' praise."

Bowen (1945: 321) mentioned that when Holmes died
at home, in 1 894, seated in his chair that, "on a table by the
fire the pearly nautilus shell sat, gleaming with iridescent
color." This doubly sectioned shell is now in the Countway
Library of the Harvard University Medical School.

Unlike Thomas Steams Elliot writing, The Waste Land,
some sixty-five years later, who subsequently admitted that
his notes to the poem were bogus scholarship" and who
gave no credit to Madison Cawein from whom he cribbed
so much, Holmes introduced his poem by giving his
sources and possibly his inspiration for The Pearly
Nautilus.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 463

ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS

This examination of The Pearly Nautilus, from a non
literary, non poetry appreciation view, was inspired by
Professor Lynn Wardly of the Department of English and
American Literature, Harvard University, following a
discussion with her as to why she was in the Department of
Mollusks consulting Owen (1832) On the Pearly Nautilus.
Trevor Joy Johnson kindly supplied a list of the books
checked out by Dr. Holmes from the Boston Athenaeum
from 1844-1852.

LITERATURE CITED

Agassiz, L. 1869. De 1' espece et de la classification en zoologie.
Trans. Felix Vogeli. Paris: Bailiere. pp.
375-391.

Bowen, CD. 1945. Yankee from Olympus: Justice Holmes and his
family. Little Brown and Company: Boston.

Brooks, Van Wyck. 1936. The Flowering of New England. The
Modern Library. Random House, Inc.: New York.

Brooks, Van Wyck. 1960. Introduction [to] Holmes, O.W., The
Autocrat of the Breakfast Table. Everyman's library, Dutton, New
York. Reprinted 1960 and 1970.

Emerson, E.W. 1918. The Early Years of the Saturday Club 1855-
1870. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston and New York.

Griffith, E. And E. Pidgeon. 1834. The Mollusca and Radiata

arranged by the Baron Cuvier with supplementary additions to each
other, vol. 12, Whittaker and Co.: London.

464 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Holmes, O.W. [1858]. The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table.
Everyman's Library, Dutton: New York. Reprinted 1960 and
1970.

Lane, F.W. 1960. Kingdom of the Octopus. The Life History of the
Cephalopoda. Sheridan House: New York.

Mayr, E. 1982. The Growth of Biological Thought and Diversity,
Evolution, and Inheritance. The Belknap Press of Harvard
University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England.

Morris, P.J. 1997. Louis Agassiz's argument against Darwinism in
his additions to the French Translation of the Essay on
Classification. Journal of the History of Biology 2il: 121-134.

Owen, Richard. 1832. Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus (Nautilus
Pompilius, Linn.) with illustrations of its external form amd
internal structure. Council of the Royal College of surgeons in
London. Richard Taylor: London.

Roget, P.M. 1836. Animal and Vegetable Physiology considered with
references to natural Theology. 2 vols. Carey. Lea & Blanchard:
Philadelphia. This was the edition of the Bridgewaier Treatises
most probably available to Holmes.

Thompson, D'Arcy, W. 1942. On Growth and Form. University
Press; Cambridge; England New Edition.

Webster, N. 1846. Webster's Dictionary, unabriged in one volume.
G.and C. Merriam: Springfield, Massachusetts.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 465

ADDITIONAL RECORDS AND NOTES ON THE
UNIONID FAUNA OF THE GULF DRAINAGE OF
ALABAMA, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA.

Herbert D. Atheam^

Alasmidonta wrightiana (Walker) was reported
by Johnson (1967) from the Ochlockonee River on the
basis of a specimen he received from the Florida State
Museum. I have examined the headwaters of that
stream where the Forks come in (Confederate Bridge),
and A. wrightiana appears to be extirpated here,
perhaps, due to the extinction of its host fish. Walker's
original locality, in the Apalachicola River System;
"tributaries of the Flint River, Baker Co., Georgia,"
appears to be correct smce four living specimens (which
perfectly match the type figure) were collected by me
from a tributary of the Flint River: Potato Creek, 3.6 km
NW Thomaston, Upson Co., Georgia.

Lampsilis haddletoni Atheam was reported by
Johnson (1967) only from the type locality in the
Choctawhatchee River system. I have since identified
specimens in my collection from the Mobile-Alabama-
Coosa River System: West Fork, Sipsey River (Black
Warrior River Drainage), 6.5 km W Grayson, Winston
Co., Alabama (now inundated by a large reservoir)
MCZ 3 16520 and from the Pascagoula River System:

1

Museum of Fluviatile Mollusk, 5819 Benton Pike NE, Cleveland, TN

37323-5301

466 OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Okatibbee Creek, 2.4 km SE Hookston, Lauderdale Co.,
Mississippi.

Obovaria rotulata (B.H. Wright) should be placed
in Fusconaia and Lamp s His j one si Vander Schalie in
Ptychobranchus (see Johnson 1967, pp. 9, 1 1
respectively).

LITERATURE CITED

Johnson, R.I. 1967. Additions to the unionid fauna of the

Drainage of Alabama, Georgia and Florida (MolIusca:BivaIvia).
Breviora, Museum of Comparative Zoology, no. 270: 21,3 pis.
(June).

ON THE PROVENANCE OF CERTAIN BOOKS IN
THE DEPARTMENT OF MOLLUSKS.

Richard I. Johnson

The recent sale by the John Crerar Library of
Chicago of a duplicate of Galilei, Galileo. 1 632
Dialogo...sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo
Tolemico, e Copernicano... Flore^nce, Giovanni Batista
Landini, 1832, turned out to be a remarkable copy
inscribed by Galileo to Zaccaria Sagredo, brother of
Galileo's patron Giovanni Francesco, as well as, a
previously unrecognized uncorrected first issue,
obviously to the delight of the London dealer who
purchased it.

This reminded me that a copy of Planci (1739)
which I purchased many years ago was a sold by the
British Museum even though it was inscribed and
presented by the Museum's founder Hans Sloane
(1660-1753), "Hansio Sloan Regiae Academeiae

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS 467

Praesidi." Catherine I. Wolfe presented the extensive
shell collection and library amassed by her father, Dr.
John C. Jay (1808-1891) to the American Museum of
Natural History, yet they disposed of his own Catalogue
(1850) which was interleaved and contained his
annotations, even though the book plate indicated that it
was the "Wolfe Memorial Gift: Jay Library." Among
duplicates sold by the library of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology in 1964 was a copy of Seaside
Studies by (1865) Elizabeth Cary Agassiz (1822-1907)
and Alexander Agassiz (1835-1910). This was a
popular book which Alexander helped his stepmother to
write, and is inscribed. "A.Agassiz, Nahant, August
1865," Nahant being the summer seat of the Agassiz
family. While the bookplate indicates that it was
deposited by Alex. Agassiz in the library of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, it suffered the same
fate as the other items mentioned. All three of these
works are now in the Departm.ent of Moliusks.

LITERATURE CITED

Agassiz, Elizabeth C. and Alexander Agassiz.

1865. Sea Side Studie in Natural History. Marine
Animals of Massachusetts Bay. Radiates, pp. vi
[ii] 155. 186 text figs. Boston: Ticknor and Fields.

Jay, John C. 1850. A Catalogue of the Shells,

...Contained in the Collection of John C. Jay, M.D.
Fourth Edition, pp. 460; 1852 Supplement, pp. 461-
479. New York: R. Craighead.

Planci, J. [Pseud., i.e. Simon Giovanni Bianchi] 1739.
De Conchis minus notis liber cui accessit specimen
aestus reciproci maris superi ad littus Portumque
Arimini. pp. 88, 5 pis. Venetiis.

468

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

INDEX

The index which follows does not include all of the names
covered in this volume. Omitted names are easily found in the
various numbers which are alphabetically arranged and are thus
self-indexed. These are:

Johnson, Richard I. Molluscan Taxa of Addison Emery
Verrill and Katharine Jeannette Bush, Including Those
Introduced by Sanderson Smith and Alpheus Hyatt Verrill, 1-
143.

Kabat, Alan R. Correct Family Names for the Freshwater
"Muteloid" Bivalves (Unionoida: Etherioidea), 379-392.

****

Actinonaias, 433

alatus, Potamilus, 397

alatus, Unio, 429

ambigua, Simpsonaias, 397

Anomia, 148

Aplysia, 148

argo, Argonauta, 459

Astartella, 149

aztecorum forma major, Unio, 422

berlandierii, Unio, 448

cardium, Lampsilis, 397, 410

charlottensis, Unio, 372

coloradoensis, Unio, 431, 446

complanata, Lasmigona, 397, 410

complanta, Elliptio, 397, 410

compressa, Lasmigona, 397, 410

conchos, Disconaias, 420

conneclens, Unio, 437

costata, Lasmigona, 397

Cyrtonaias, 433

decorata, Lasmigona, 372, 375

disca, Disconaias, 434, 450, 452

Disconaias, 433

discus, Unio, 433
discus connectens, Unio, 434
doliaris, Anodonta, 372
exlicata, Lampsilis. 438, 452
ferussacianus, Anodontoides,

397, 410
fimbriata, Lampsilis, 434, 452
fimbriala, Lampsilis (Disco-
naias), 422
flava, Fusconaia, 397
folliiculata, Elliptio, 375
grandis, Pyganodon, 397,410
haddletoni, Lampsilis, 465
heermanii, Unio, 448
imbecillis, Utterbackia, 397,

410
jonesi, Lampsilis, 466
lapidosus, Unio, 434, 437
lividus, Lampsilis, 454
masoni, Pleurobema, 374
metnecktayi, Potamilis, 429.

444
mexicanus, Unio, 434

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

469

monodonta. Cumberlandia, 397
nasuta. Ligumia, 375
nervosa, Megalonaias, 397
panacoensis, Unio, 434, 450
panucoensis, Unio, 437
plicata, Amblema, 397, 410
ponripilius, Nautilus, 460
Potamilis, 429
Proptera, 429
pullus, Toxolasma, 375
purpurata, Potamilis, 431, 446
quadrula, Quadrula, 397
radiata radiata, Lampsilis, 375
radiata conspicua, Lampsilis, 375
recta, Ligumia, 397, 410
reflexa, Obliquaria, 397
robusta, Alasimidonta, 372, 376
rotulata, Obovaria, 466
saladoensis, Unio, 446
salinasensis, Lampsilis, 429

salinasensis, Lampsilis (Pro-
ptera), 435, 452
sapotalensis, Unio, 433
siliquoidea, Lampsilis, 397,410
subviridis, Lasmigona, 372
tampicoensis, Cyrtonaias, 431,

446, 447
tampicoensis berlandieri, Cyr-
tonaias, 431
testudineus, Unio, 454
undulatus, Strophitus, 375,

397, 410
varicosa, Alasmidonta, 374,

375, 376
vera, Astartella, 149
Villosa, 375

walkeri, Actinonaias, 422
walkeri, Actinonaias (Disco-

naias), 439, 454
wrightiana, Alasmidonta, 465

OCCASIONAL PAPERS
ON MOLLUSKS

Published by

The Department of Mollusks

Museum of Comparative Zoology

Harvard University

VOLUME 5

Numbers 67 to 76

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
1989-1998

RICHARD IRWIN JOHNSON

It is a great pleasure to be able to dedicate this
volume of Occasional Papers on Mollusks to Mr. Richard
Irwin Johnson who has, during almost six decades of
association with the Department of Mollusks, made
numerous contributions to both malacology and its history,
a number of which have appeared in this series and the
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, as well as
Breviora and Miscellaneous Occasional Papers. He has
generously supported the Department and added
considerably to its library; such works as Kiener, the Kiister
edition of Martini and Chemnitz; and the original pattern
set to Reeve's, Conchologia Iconica, all duplicates from his
library, which is the most extensive malacological
collection in private hands.

During 1939 when Richard was fourteen years old
and showed an interest in biology, his science teacher, Mr.
Albert Clish took him to meet Clish's old classmate from
the Huntington School, Boston, William James Clench,
Curator of Mollusks at the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. With his remarkable and infectious enthusiasm,
Clench assured Clish that if Richard wished to volunteer in
the Department he might become especially interested in
mollusks. Richard was set to unpacking the extensive
incoming collections of Unionoidea, including both those
of the Grand Rapids, Michigan, Public Museum and of the
duplicates from the Bryant Walker collection, which had
recently been received from the University of Michigan.
He was assured by Clench that this group was his special
interest and it has been ever since. So much for

imagmation.

m

Among those working in the Department at the time
were Richard Winslow Foster, Henry Drummond Russell,
and Robert Tucker Abbott, an undergraduate. The latter
already appeared to be a distinguished malacologist to a
fourteen year old. In August of 1941 most of the members
of the Department attended the eleventh annual meeting of
the American Malacological Union at Rockland and
Thomaston, hosted by Norman W. Lermond, and it was
here that Richard met Frank Collins Baker, Horace B.
Baker, Paul Bartsch, Fritz Haas, Henry A. Pilsbry and many
others.

William J. Clench (left) and Richard I. Johnson comtemplating unios
on the steps of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, May 1963.

IV

During October of 1940 to April 1941, Clench was
at the B.B. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, on a grant to study
Hawaiian land snails with Dr. C. Montague Cooke, and Dr.
Russell was left in charge. During this time, Richaid
became acquainted with James R. Miller, a professional
collector of biological specimens, and through him, Herbert
D. Atheam, who has also spent his life collecting and
studying Unionoidea. Miller volunteered at the New
England Museum of Natural History, and it was here, while
helping him, that Richard discovered an old catalogue
which led to his being able to reidentify many of the type
specimens of mollusks described a century before by
Joseph Pitty Couthouy. He also made the acquaintance of
Ruth D. Turner, then Assistant Curator of Birds. Either he
or Miller introduced her to Clench whose infectious
enthusiasm for mollusks caused her to abandon ornithology
for malacology. She became a leading specialist of the
bivalve family Teredinidae.

In early December of 1941, Johnson and Turner
accompanied Miller to Tiverton for several days to help
him prepare starfish which Miller was dredging for the
Cambosco Scientific Company. Turner left a day early to
assist at Audubon Society's annual bird count. Those who
returned to port on the 7th of December learned that the
Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor. Johnson was drafted
in June 1943, knowing only that he had an early acceptance
to Harvard if he returned. The proofs of the Couthouy
paper were corrected while he was on latrine duty at Camp
Hood, Texas. When finally sent to Europe, he was
occasionally able to sneak to Paris where he found the most
important works on mollusks so cheaply priced that he
purchased virtually everything he saw. Later, as a Harvard

undergraduate, he financed his summers in Europe with the
books he bought and sold. At college, he rowed on the
freshman crew, successfully defeating Yale that year in
1947. As an undergraduate he was a member of the Hasty
Pudding Club and the Spee Club, known as a Final Club,
which had Maximilian Agassiz and John F. Kennedy as
members. After graduating in 1951, he attended what is
now the American Graduate School of International
Management near Phoenix, Arizona, but he never appeared
at the National City Bank in New York which had hired
him. He returned to Boston and the Museum, becoming
involved in life insurance, and trading securities at White,
Weld & Co. In 1954 he married Marjory Weld Austin.
They had three children; Sally, married to David Lurie;
Marjory; and Richard, married to Karen O'Leary who had
given him a grandson. Mason. The marriage ended in
divorce in 1982. Later at the opening of an event at the
Boston Athenaeum, Richard met Marrian Geer Gleason, the
widow of Edward Hollis Gleason, a Harvard Graduate
whom he had come to know at graduate school, and
married her in 198|. She also has two adult children, Julia
and Edward. 3

In 1960, at the insistence of Dr. Giles W. Mead,
Curator of Fishes, Johnson accompanied Frank Mather on
the Woods Hole vessel Crawford. Mather was studying the
breeding habits of the tuna, and Johnson baited the
Japanese long lines about which everyone has heard ever
after. In 1952, Johnson led the Harvard Expedition to
Peninsular Florida to collect Unionidae. He was
accompanied by an undergraduate, Samuel Liberty Harvey
Fuller. Fuller subsequently became a professional biologist
associated with the Academy of Natural Sciences of

VI

Philadelphia, especially interested in Unionoidea. After
trips to Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, and Central
Ohioin 1964 and 1965, Johnson had constructed an office
in the room which contains the Unionoidea, retired from
business, and has since then devoted most of his time to the
Museum.

From 1958 until 1970, under the directorship of
Professors Alfred Sherwood Romer and later, Ernst Mayr,
Johnson served on a Committee with Drs. Charles Pierson
Lyman and Raymond Andrew Paynter planning exhibition
work. The Committee was abolished by the then new
Director, Dr. Alfred W. Crompton, who also, after more
than 100 years ceased publishing the Annual Report of the
Museum.

In 1989 the Mollusk Department held a party at the
Harvard Faculty Club to celebrate Johnson's fifty years at
the Museum. A few months before James R. Miller
appeared at the Department. Though close to ninety, he
had hitch hiked from Florida. Johnson's original thank-you
note to Clench, obviously written with his mother's
prodding, was found in the Departmental files and read to a
distinguished audience.

Having served under all of the directors of the

Museum save the two Agassiz's and Samuel Henshaw,

Johnson realized that of those he had known, the most

distinguished was Ernst Mayr, the world's foremost

evolutionary biologist. He and the author, with the

permission of Mr. Rudenstein, President of the University,

established a fund for a portrait of Professor Mayr, by the

distinguished artist Robert Douglas Hunter. The portrait

hangs in the Museum's library, now known as the Ernst

Mayr Library.

VII

Richard Irwin Johnson

Seen here prepared for the annual meeting of The Club
of Odd Volumes, the purpose of which is "to promote
literary and artistic tastes." It was founded in Boston in
1887 and limited to 87 resident members. Both Samuel
Henshaw and Thomas Barbour, former directors of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, were members.
(Though his beer glass is visible, conspicuously hidden in
his right hand is Johnson's ubiquitous cigar)

VIII

As a boy Johnson quickly recognized the difference
between Dr. Thomas Barbour, the museum director, and
other rentiers who held positions of authority, as opposed to
Mr. Clench, who had to support a family on a modest
salary. He decided early that financial success was
important, even if he had then been aware that Robert Louis
Stevenson had said "it is perhaps a more fortunate destiny
to have a taste for collecting shells than to be bom a
millionaire." Alas, who would have known by the time
Johnson was able to spend all of this time at the Museum,
the rentiers were a dying race. He continues to come in
daily while the author retreats to Maine from late May until
early September after the end of the academic year. I am
happy to say that Richard and I have remained friends
throughout my nearly forty years at Harvard.

Kenneth J. Boss

DC

CONTRIBUTORS

Herbert D. Athearn 465

Kenneth J. Boss 68; 69 (p. 154); 70

Daniel L. Graf 73; 74

Alan R. Kabat 69; 70; 72

Richard I. Johnson.. ..67; 71 (p. 378); 76 (pp. 456, 458, 466)

Richard E. Petit 68

Dwight D. Taylor 75

James C. Underhill 74

STAFF

Kennth J. Boss Ruth D. Turner

Professor of Biology Professor of Biology, Emerita

Curator in Malacology Curator in Malacology, Emerita

Adam J. Baldinger
Curatorial Associate in Malacology

Richard I. Johnson Arthur S. Merrill

Associate in Malacology Associate in Malacology

Mary E. Jablokow
Secretary

Marion D. Britz
Secretary and Business Manager, Emerita

X

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Index 468

No. 67. Molluscan Taxa of Addison Emery Verrill and

Katharine Jeannette Bush, Including Those Introduced by

Sanderson Smith and Alpheus Hyatt Verrill

by Richard I. Johnson 1

No. 68. Searles V. Wood's "Monograph of the Crag

Mollusca" (1848-1882), With Notes on the Generic Name

Astrartella

by Richard E. Petit and Kenneth J. Boss 146

No. 69. An Indexed Catalog of Publications on Molluscan
Type Specimens
by Alan R. Kabat and Kenneth J. Boss 157

No. 70. Addendum to "An Indexed Catalogue of Publications
on Molluscan Type Specimens
by Alan R. Kabat and Kenneth J. Boss 337

No. 71. Comments on "The Final Report" of a Massive
Search for Lasmigona decorata (Lea, 1 852) and
Alasmidonta robusta Clarke, 1981 (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
from the Carolinas
by Richard I. Johnson 371

No. 72. Correct Family Names for the Freshwater "Muteloid"
Bivalves (Unionoida: Etherioidea)
by Alan R. Kabat ...379

No. 73. The Effects of Breeding Period on the Biogeography
of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoidea) in the
Minnesota Region of North America
by Daniel L. Graf 393

XI

No. 74. The Western Lake Superior Freshwater Mussel
(Bivalvia: Unionidae) Community and its Orgin
by Daniel L. Graf and James C. Underbill 409

No. 75. A New Mussel, Disconaias conchos (Bivalvia:

Unionidae) From Rio Conchos of the Rio Grande System,

Mexico

by DwiGHT W. Taylor 419

No. 76. A New Mussel, Potamilis metnecktayi (Bivalvia:
Unionidae) from the Rio Grande System, Mexico and
Texas With Notes on Mexican Disconaias
by Richard I. Johnson 427

NEW SPECffiS

Disconaias conchos, 420

Potamilis metnecktayi, 429

BOOK REVIEWS

Lain, Carol M. and Ronald W. Gilmer. 1989. Pelagic Snails.
The Biology of Holoplanktonic Gastropod Mollusks, 154

Wood, S.W. 1848-1882. Monograph of the Crag Mollusca,
145

xn

SUBJECT INDEX

Catalogues of Species by

K.J. Bush, pp. 1, 378 A.E. Verrill, pp. 1, 456

S. Smith, p. 1 A.H. Verrill, p. 1

Faunistic and Zoogeographical

Comments on "The Final Report" of a Massive Search for
Lasmigona decorata (Lea, 1852) and Alasmidonta robusta
Clarke, 1981 (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from the Carolinas,
371

The Effects of Breeding Period on the Biogeography of
Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoidea) in the
Minnesota Region of North America, 393

The Western Lake Superior Freshwater Mussel (Bivalvia:
Unionidae) Community and its Orgin, 409

A New Mussel, Disconaias conchos (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
From Rio Conchos of the Rio Grande System, Mexico,
419

A New Mussel, Potamilis metnecktayi (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
from the Rio Grande System, Mexico and Texas With
Notes on Mexican Disconaias, All

Additional Records and Notes on the Unionid Fauna of the
Gulf Drainage of Alabama, Georgia and Florida, 465

Miscellaneous

An Overlooked Northern European Marine Gastropod,
Omalaxis sarsi^M^h, 1897, 378

xin 1 ') '-)

i .1 /. O

The Myth of Octopus giganteus Verrill, 1897, A Whale of a
Story, 456

On "The Chambered Nautilus" by Oliver Wendell Holmes,

458

On the Provenance of Certain Books in the Department of
Mollusks, 466

Numbers 71-75 were distributed in limited numbers on the
date of publication.

Pages I -XTV published January 30, 1998. K.J. Boss

XIV

Harvard MCZ Llbrai

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