SS a See on aes i 1 i Ay O 1 Ay 4) o fe foe O Lu Z 2 Jn < GO S a) za a O ao FOR SCIENCE eS se Pees AY? ¥ Pie ae eae a . LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUS EUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ne Ven iis ‘ jan { ete Av Siihoe Occasional Papers OF THE Moston Society of Hatural Pistory. VIL. FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PART 1. LISTS OF THE VERTEBRATA. BOSTON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY FROM THE GURDON SALTONSTALL FUND. 1904-1909. 9a-a9ad | CONTENTS No. 8.— Lust of the Pisces. By Witiiam C. Kenpatu. April, 1908. No. 2.— List of the Batrachia. By Samurn HensHaw. April, — 1904. No. 1.—List of the Reptilia. By Samurt HensHaw. March, 1904. No. 11.— List of the Aves. By Guover M. Atuen. June, 1909. No. 3.— List of the Mammalia. By Guover M. ALLEN. June, 1904. ‘ Pree diy ae Poaaes ae yhaee re ae Sf ae a Myxine glutinosa Petromyzon marinus unicolor Ichthyomyzon concolor Chlamydoselachius anguineus Mustelus canis Galeocerdo tigrinus Prionace glauca Carcharhinus obscurus milberti limbatus Sphyrna zygaena Alopias vulpes Carcharias littoralis Isurus dekayi Lamna cornubica Carcharodon carcharias Cetorhinus maximus Squalus acanthias Centroscymnus coelolepis Centrosyllium fabrici Somniosus microcephalus Echinorhinus spinosus Squatina squatina Raja erinmacea ocellata radiata eglanteria senta laevis rs ‘Tetronarce occidentalis Dasyatis centrura hastata Pteroplatea maclura Mylhiobatis freminyillei Rhinoptera bonasus Acipenser sturio rubicundus brevirostrum Lepisosteus osseus Amia calva Felichthys marmus Galeichthys felis +/+] ++41 444) ) 11th | leet iti i | Me. |N.H.{ Vt. {Mass.{R. 1.j/Conn. Ameturus lacustris: .) 22.20 aye) (Gaiety VAN Y gis Pewee ire tae es rs] — mei 6) 6 5 5 5 6 | eee Carpiodes thompsoni Pee tAReEAS =f Catostomus-eatostomilsh, Fey ei 2 ete lie commersoni sr nigricans reve ne pe Lo Prnimyon Ooo | BB 5 Se a lf Moxostoma aureolum. .... . +o Chrosomus erythrogaster . . . . |—|— Pimephales wotaiisn (ies seme eee ul a PAN Vindieogh MyDS Mere es eae yee | Semotilusbullaris 2°. 2 2.25. = | 22-2 |e = airomacnlatus = = 2 5. | ——|— hie _— iLeuciseusscarletoul Yo ee den oe ee iRhoxmiusmeneaeus .)2-s ele soos yen ee Jos CHOC) 5 5 8g 5 5 ae fae ee Notropis! bitrenatus 75 9 8) cy ee — EMUISKO Ka: ree alec laced blenniis# a. ee eee — hudsomius! 8-0 2 a — | | COEMUCUS ses eter ie) = iS | Sapeall Reale creme tlt corel ees athermordes, ee ispe cs east — THD CUTONS he, Gane) ee eee a Rhinichthys cataractae . . . . . = SS = atronasus Couesius plumbeus se Came atry Ire Hybopsis kentuckiensis . . . . . — Exoglossum maxillingua . . . . . — Anguilla chrisypa . . . . . . . | +)—|—/4+)—/ + Leptocephalus conger . . . . . | — ate iIMumacna-wetiiera’ 74 ee eee = Warpontatlanticns: 2), 22. eee: = = ID OpSsSAUEUS: se. Gis eee ee eres = = Allbulawalpesss n> e-em ea ee = Flog on Lercisusy = 1) Swe oe era = Etrumeus teres t=) ects Clipea arenes gaieie ae eS eee Clupanodon pseudohispanicus Pomolobus mediocris pseudoharengus . aestivalis: “2° 20.9 ysis ENLOSA SU pIC IScIEay yee ee ee + | + ++ | | aa | | fee | Opisthonema oglinum Brevoortia tyrannus Anchoyia brownii argyrophanus mitehilli Coregonus quadrilateralis clupeiformis labradoricus stanleyi Argyrosomus artedi Salmo salar sebago Cristivomer namaycush Salvelinus fontinalis agassizll aureolus oquassa Osmerus mordax spectrum abbottil Argentina silus Trachinocephalus myops Synodus foetens Maurolicus pennanti Umbra limi pygmaea Esox americanus reticulatus lucius masquinongy Fundulus majalis heteroclitus diaphanus Lucania parva Cyprinodon variegatus Tylosurus marinus . acus Athlennes hians Shey Hyporhamphus roberti Euleptorhamphus velox Scomberesox saurus Parexocoetus mesogaster Exocoetus volitans - + Exocoetus rondeletii Cypsilurus heterurus fureatus -gibbifrons Eucalia inconstans Pungitius pungitius Gasterosteus aculeatus . atkinsii bispiosus Apeltes quadracus Fistularia tabacaria Macrorhamphosus scolopax Syngnathus fuscus Hippocampus hudsonius Percopsis guttatus Menidia beryllina cerea menidia notata Mugil cephalus curema trichodon Sphyraena barracuda guachancho borealis Polydactylus octonemus Ammodytes dubius americanus Holocentrus ascensionis Mullus auratus Scomber scombrus japonicus . Auxis thazard Gymnosarda pelamis alleterata Thunnus thynnus Germo alalunga Sarda sarda Scomberomorus maculatus regalis cavalla Trichiurus lepturus Istiophorus nigricans ‘Tetrapterus imperator Xiphias gladius Me. Palse ace! NE Vie ‘Mass. Rt. I. Conn. Oligoplites saurus Naucrates ductor Seriola zonata lalandi dumerili . Decapterus punctatus macarellus Trachurus trachurus Trachurops crumenopthalmus Carangus bartholomaei hippos crysos Alectis ciliaris Vomer setapinnis Selene vomer Chloroscombrus chrysurus Trachinotus faleatus goodel argenteus carolinus Pomatomus saltatrix Rachycentron canadus Cory phaena hippur us Lampris regius Centrolophus niger Palinurichthys perciformis Gobiomorus gronoyil Peprilus paru : Poronotus triacanthus Tetragonurus cuvieri Amploplites rupestris Enneacanthus obesus Lepomis auritus Eupomotis gibbosus Micropterus dolomieu salmoides Stizostedion vitreum canadense Perea flavescens Percina caprodes Cottogaster copelandi Boleosoma olmstedi Boleichthys fusiformis . Me. |N.H. | ak | _ a — <4 Seis Vite + Mass. R. I.;Conn. 2 ++ Apogon imberbus maculatus Roccus lineatus Morone americana . Epinephelus adscensionis niveatus morio . Garrupa nigrita . . . Mycteroperca bonaci interstitialis Centropristes striatus Rypticus bistrispimus Loboites surinamensis Priacanthus arenatus Pseudopriacanthus altus Lutianus griseus jocu apodus . blackfordii analis Ocyurus chrysurus . Stenotomus chrysops Lagodon rhomboides Archosargus probatocephalus Eucinostomus gula Kyphosus sectatrix Cynoscion regalis Larimus fasciatus Sciaenops ocellatus Leiostomus xanthurus Micropogon undulatus Menticirrhus saxatilis . Pogonias cromis Aplodonotus grunniens Eupomacentrus leucostictus Abudefduf saxatilis : Tautogolabrus adspersus . Tautoga onitis Sparisoma flavescens Scarus croicensis Zenopsis ocellatus Chaetodipterus faber Chaetodon ocellatus Chaetodon capistratus ‘Teuthis caeruleus hepatus bahianus Balistes carolinensis forcipatus vetula Canthidermis sobaco Monacanthus ciliatus . hispidus Ceratacanthus schoepfii monoceros . Lactophrys triqueter trigonus tricornis Lagocephalus laevigatus Spheroides spengleri maculatus . testudineus trichocephalus Diodon hystrix Chilomycterus schoepfi Mola mola Sebastes marinus Scorpaena plumieri grandicornis Artediellus atlanticus Triglops pingellii Cottus gracilis Myoxocephalus aeneus scorpius groenlandicus octodecimspinosus Gymnocanthus tricuspis Hemitripterus americanus Aspidophoroides monopterygius Cyclopterus lumpus Eumicrotremus spinosus . Neoliparis atlanticus Liparis liparis Prionotus carolinus strigatus . Cephalacanthus volitans | Me. a a N.H. Vite Mass. Este see lg [eareaes | +++) )/++++ 4+4+ 444+] /4+4+4+4] 6 | se || se | R. J.:\Conn., | oh | ae] Gobiosoma bosci Echeneis naucrates naucrateoides Remora remora . brachyptera . Rhombochirus osteochir Opsanus tau. . Pholis gunnellus Leptoclinus maculatus Lumpenus lampetrzformis Ulvaria subbifurcata Cryptacanthodes maculatus Anarhichas minor . lupus Zoarces anguillaris Lycodes reticulatus vermllii . . Merluccius bilinearis Pollachius virens Microgadus tomcod Gadus callarias 4 Melanogrammus aeglifinus Lota maculosa Urophycis regius tenuis chesteri chuss Gaidropsarus argentatus Enchelyopus cimbrius . Brosmius brosme Macrourus bairdii . . Hippoglossus hippoglossus Hippoglossoides platessoides Paralichthys dentatus oblongus Limanda ferruginea Pseudopleuronecies americanus Liopsetta putnami Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Lophopsetta maculata Achirus fasciatus Lophius piscatorius Pterophryne histrio Dibranchus atlanticus | Me. N.H.| Vt. |Mass.! ele et iain MARSIPOBRANCHII. HYPEROTRETI. MY XINIDAE. 1. MyYXINE GLUTINOSA Linné. Hagfish; Borer; Slime-eel. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 650. ‘IN OcEANo.” Goode & Bean, Oceanic ichth., 1896, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 2. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 7. Me.— Eastport (Kendall coll. 1893); off Casco Bay (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Directly east from Portsmouth (Putnam 1873). HYPEROARTII. PETROMYZONIDAE. 2. PETROMYZON MARINUS Linné. Lamprey; Lamper-eel. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 230. “in Marr Evro- PAEO.”’ Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 10; 1900, pt. 4, fig. 3. Petromyzon americanus Lesueur. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 251, pl. 38, fig. 4. Petromyzon nigricans Lesueur. Storer, ibid., p. 253, pl. 39, fig. 6. Me.— Eastport (U.S. nat. mus. 1872); Bucksport (U. S. nat. mus. 1878); Brunswick (Bowdoin college); Presumpscot River (Me. Fish comm. 1875); Casco Bay (Kendall 1896); Penobscot River (Kendall coll.); Stillwater (Merrill coll. 1898). N. H.— Merrimac and Pemigewasset rivers (Belknap 1792 and 1813); Merrimac River (N. H. Fish comm. 1886). Vr.— (Thompson 1842); Manchester (N. H. Fish comm. 1891). OCC. PAPERS B.S.N.H. 1908. VOL. 7. 2, FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. HYPEROARTII. PETROMYZONIDAE. Mass.— Connecticut River at Northhampton (Lesueur 1818); Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1839); Merrimac River, Lowell (Storer, 1839 & 1867; Lawrence (Holines coll. B.S. N. H.); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Beverly (Goode & Bean 1879); North Truro; Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1896); Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Providence River (DeKay 1842); Narragansett Bay; Taunton River (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Hartford; Stratford; Stonington; Housatonic and Connecticut Rivers (Linsley 1844). 3. PETROMYZON UNICOLOR (DeKay). Lake lamprey. Ammocoetes unicolor Delay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 383, pl. 39, fig. 250 [larva]. “Lake CHampLarn.” Petromyzon marinus unicolor (DeKay) Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 10. Surface, 4th rept. fisheries, game, & forests N. Y., 18, 1899, p. 194, fig. 1, a, b. Vt.— Lake Champlain (DeKay, 1842). 4, JcHTHYOMYZON CONCOLOR (Kirtland). Silvery lamprey; Mud-eel; Blind-eel. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 11. Ammocoetes concolor Kirtland, Bost. journ. nat. hist., 1840, vol. 3, p. 473, pl. [larva]. “Manonine River; Scioto River.” Vr.— Winooski River (Thompson, 1842). PISCES. SELACHII. DIPLOSPONDYLI. CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE. 1. CHLAMYDOSELACHIUS ANGUINEUS Garman. Frilled shark. Garman, Bull. Essex. inst., 1884, vol. 16, p. 47. “Japan.” Bull. mus. comp. zoél., 1885, vol. 12, p. 1-35, pls. 1-20. Goode & Bean, Oceanic ichth., 1896, p. 508, pl. 6, fig. 22. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 16. Mer.— New Harbor [?] (Hanna, 1883). ASTEROSPONDYLI. GALEIDAE. 2. Mustrexus canis (Mitchill). Smooth-hound; Smooth-dog. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 227, pl. 37, fig. 2, 2a. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 29. Squalus canis Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815 vol. 1, p. 486. “NEw York.” ’ Mass.— Provincetown; Holmes Hole (Storer 1867); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Salem (Goode & Bean 1879); North Truro; Monomoy; Menemsha Bight (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904); Massachusetts Bay (B.S. N. H., Borland coll.). R. I.— (DeKay 1842); Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844); Noank; Newport (Bean 1880). ; 3. GALEOCERDO TIGRINUS Miiller & Henle. Tiger shark. Miiller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 1841, p. 59, pl. 25. ~ Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1596, pt. 1, p. 32. 4 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. SELACHII. ASTEROSPONDYLI. GALEIDAE. Mass.— Provincetown [?] (Atwood 1865); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898). 4, PRIoNACE GLAucA (Linné). Great blue-shark. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 33; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 4, 5, fig. 16, 16a. Squalus glaucus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 235. “In OcEANO EUROPAEO.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). 5. CARCHARHINUS OBSCURUS (LeSueur). Dusky shark; Shovelnose. Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 31. Squalus obscurus LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1818, vol. 1, p. 223,ple 9) ties; 12,34 oo. (Nm VoORk«, Carcharias obscurus Storer. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 219, pl. 36, fig. 2. Mass.— Nahant (Storer 1839 & 1847); Provincetown (Storer 1867); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844). 6. CARCHARHINUS MILBERTI (Miiller & Henle). Blue shark. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 37. Carcharias (Prionodon) milberti Miller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 1841, p. 38, pl. 19, fig. 3 (teeth). ‘Im MirreLMEER UND mm OcEAN.” PISCES. 5 SELACHII. ASTEROSPONDYLI. GALEIDAE. Lamna caudata De Kay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 354, pl. 62, fig. 205. Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 189s). R. I.— Brenton Reef (DeKay 1842). 7. CARCHARHINUS LimBatTus (Miiller & Henle). Spotted-fin shark. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 40. Carcharias (Prionodon) limbatus Miiller & Henle, Plagiostomen, 1841, p. 49. “Martinique.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). SPHYRNIDAE. 8. SPHYRNA ZYGAENA (Linné). Hammerhead shark; Hammerhead. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 45. Squalus zygaena Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 234. ““HuRoPA; AMERICA.” Zygaena malleus Val. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 238, pl. 38, fig. 3. Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1839); Chatham; Cape Cod (Storer 1842); Holmes Hole (Storer 1842 and 1867); Chatham; Province- town (Storer 1848); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp and Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Noank (Goode 1879). ALOPIIDAE. 9. ALOPIAS VULPES (Gmelin). Thresher; Thrasher; Swingle-tail; Swivel-tail. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 45; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 6, fig. 20. 6 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. SELACHII. ASTEROSPONDYLI. ALOPIIDAH. Squalus vulpes Gmelin, Syst., nat., 1788, vol. 1, p. 1496. ‘“ MEDITERRANEAN.” | Carcharias vulpes Cuv. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p- 221, pl. 36, fig. 3. Mer.— Eastport (Kendall coll. 1893); East of Matinicus and off Monhegan (Kendall coll. 1895). Mass.— Nahant (Storer 1839); Eastside of Boston Harbor (Jackson 1852); Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1867); Provincetown (Atwood 1865); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Vineyard Sound; Menemsha Bight; Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stonington (Linsley 1844). CARCHARIIDAE. 10. CARCHARIAS LITTORALIS (Mitchill). Sand shark; Shovel nose shark; Dogfish shark. Squalus littoralis Mitchill, Amer. month. mag. & crit. rev., 1818, vol. 2, p. 328. “NEw YorK.” Carcharias griseus Ayres. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. Sip» 2h7 pls soe tele Carcharias littoralis (Mitchill). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 46. Mr.— Casco Bay at Small Point (Kendall coll. 1896). Mass.— Lynn (Storer 1842 and 1842) Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Boston Bay (B.S. N. H., Cutting coll.); Provincetown; Nantucket (Goode 1884); Provincetown (Storer 1843 ?); North Truro; Mon- omoy; Menemsha Bight (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Narragansett Bay at Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). PISCES. 7 SELACHII. ASTEROSPONDYLI. LAMNIDAE. 11. IsuRUS DEKAYI (Gill). Mackerel shark. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 48, 1900; pt. 4, pl. 6, fig. 21. Isuropsis dekayr Gill, Ann. lyc. nat. hist. N. Y., 1861, vol. 7, p- 409. : Lamna punctata Mitchill. Storer, Report, 1839, p. 185, pl. 3, fig. 2. Mer.— Casco Bay (U.S. Nat. Mus. 1873). Mass.— “In our bay”’ (Storer 1839); Marshfield (Storer 1839); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Vineyard Sound; Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I1— Tiverton; Point Judith (U.S. nat. mus. 1887); Narra- gansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Oyster River; Stratford (Linsley 1844). 12. LAMNA CORNUBICA (Gmelin). Mackerel shark; Blue shark. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 49; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 6, fig. 22. Squalus cornubicus Gmelin, Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, p. 1497. “‘SHORES OF CORNWALL.” Lamna punctata Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, Wl @), (O, AAD, Jolley wiles we Mr.— Off Monhegan (Storer 1867; Kendall coll. 1895); Casco Bay (Bowdoin College); off Cape Elizabeth (Norton coll. 1905). Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1867); off Gloucester (Goode & Bean 1879). R. I.— (Tracy 1906). 13. CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS (Linné). Maneater; Great white shark. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus. 1896, pt. 1, p. 50. § FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. SELACHII. ASTEROSPONDYLI. LAMNIDAE. Squalus carcharias Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 235. “‘ Eu- ROPA.” Carcharias atwoodi Storer. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 222, pl. 36, fig. 4. Me.— Eastport (Goode 1884). Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1848 and 1854, 1867); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean le Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). CETORHINIDAE. 14. CrTORHINUS MAXIMUS (Gunner). Basking shark; Bone shark. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1891, pt. 1, p. 51; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 7, fig. 23. Squalus maximus Gunner, Trondhjem selskabskr, 1765, vol. 3, p. 33. “Coast or Norway.” Selachus maximus Cuv. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p- 229, pl. 37, fig. 3. Mer.— Off Cape Elizabeth (Storer 1867); Eastport (Verrill 1870). Mass.— Provincetown (Mitchill 1815 and Storer 1839, 1840 and 1867). CYCLOSPONDYLI. SQUALIDAE. 15. SQUALUS ACANTHTAS Linné. Dogfish. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 233. “InN OcEANo Evuropako.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 54; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 8, figs. 24, 24a. PISCES. 9 SELACHII. CYCLOSPONDYLI. SQUALIDAE. Acanthias americanus Storer. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vols 95 p: 292, pl. 38, figs. 1, 1a. Me.— Eastport (U.S. nat. mus. 1872; Bean 1880); Matinicus; Isle au Haute; Stockton Springs; Searsport; Gotts Island; Mt. Desert Rock; Sandy Point (Evermann 1903); Casco Bay (Bow- doin College; Kendall coll.). Mass.— (Storer 1846) West Yarmouth (Lyman _ 1861); Provincetown; Massachusetts Bay; Marthas-Vineyard (Storer 1867); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Gloucester (Bean 1880); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— (Tracy 1906). 16. CENTROSCYMNUS COELOLEPIS Bocage & Capello. Bocage & Capello, Proc. zool. soc. London, 1864, p. 263, fig. 4. ““PorTUGAL.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 55; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 8, fig. 25. Mass.— Off Gloucester (Jordan & Evermann 1896). 17. CENTROSCYLLIUM FaBRICH (Reinhardt). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 56; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 8, fig. 26. Spinaz fabricii Reinhardt, Dansk. vid. selsk. forh., 1828, vol. 3, p. 14. “GREENLAND.” Mass.— Off Gloucester (Bean 1880 and Jordan & Evermann 1896). SOMNIOSIDAE. 18. Somniosus MIcRocEPHALUS (Bloch & Schneider). Sleeper shark; Nurse. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 57. Squalus microcephalus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. ichth., 1801, p. 135. ‘‘NoRTHERN SEAS.” 10 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. SELACHII. CYCLOSPONDYLI. SOMNIOSIDAE. Scymnus brevipinna DeKay. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 235, pl. 38, fig. 2. Me.— Eastport (U. 5. nat. mus. 1872); off Portland Wood 1846); Portland (Goode & Bean 1896). Mass.— Marblehead (LeSueur 1818); Coast of Massachusetts (Kneeland, 1847); Nahant (Storer 1849 and 1867); Province- town (Storer 1848 and 1867). ECHINORHINIDAE. 19. EcHINORHINUS SPINOosUS (Gmelin). Goode & Bean, Oceanic ichth., 1896, p. 8, pl. 3, fig. 9. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 4, 58. Squalus spinosus Gmelin, Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, p.1500. “THE OcEAN.” Mass.— Provincetown (Goode & Bean 1879 and 1896). SQUATINIDAE. 20. SQUATINA SQUATINA (Linné). Angelfish; Monkfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 58. Squalus squatina Linné, Syst, nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 233. “In OcEANO EvROPAEO.” Squatina dumerilt DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 363, pl. 62, fig. 203. Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873) Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898). BATOIDEI. RAJIDAE. 21. Rasa ERINACEA Mitchill. Little skate; Bonnet skate. Mitchill, Amer. journ. sci., 1825, vol. 9, p. 291. “New Yor«.” PISCES. ft SELACHII. BATOIDEI. RAJIDAE. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 68; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 9, fig. 29. Raia diaphanes Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 240 [in part], pl. 39, fig. 1? Mer.— Eastport (U. S. nat. mus., 1872); Casco Bay (Bowdoin College; Kendall coll.). Mass.— Provincetown; Nahant; Charles River (Storer 1863); Massachusetts Bay (B.S. N. H., Cutting coll.); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); North Truro; Monomoy; Menemsha Bight (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole; Provincetown, Gloucester (Bean 1880); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). Conn.— Mouth Connecticut River (Garman 1874); Noank (Bean 1880) Long Island Sound, off Bridgeport; off Stratford and Middle Ground (Kendall coll. 1890); off S. W. Ledge; off Brand- ford Beacon; off Faulkners Island (Kendall coll. 1892). 22. Raga ocELLaTa Mitchill. Big skate; Winter skate. Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 477. “New York.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p«68; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 10, fig. 50. Raia diaphanes Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 240 [in part]. Me.— Eastport (U. S. nat. mus., 1872); Portland Goode & Bean 1879); Smallpoint, Casco Bay (Kendall coll. 1896). Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1863); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Nahant (Garman 1874); Woods Hole; Provincetown; Gloucester (Bean 1880); North Truro; Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (Tracy 1906). 12 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. SELACHII. BATOIDEI. RAJIDAE. Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 18437); Long Island Sound, off Bridgeport and Stratford (Kendall coll. 1890). 23. Raga RADIATA Donovan. Prickly skate. Donovan, Hist. Brit. fishes, 1808, vol. 5, p. 94, pl. “GreEarT Britain.” Goode & Bean, Oceanic ichth., 1896, p. 508, pl. 9, fig. 27. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, jos 1 jos (ae Mer.— Casco Bay (Portland soc. nat. hist.). Mass.— Nahant (Garman 1874); Annisquam (B.S. N. H.); Salem; Gloucester; Provincetown (Bean 1880); Woods Hole (Bean 1880 & Smith 1898). , Conn.— New London [?] (Linsley 1844); Noank (B.S. N. H., Hyatt & Rathbun coll.). © 24, RaJA EGLANTERIA (Bosc). Briar skate. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 71. Raia eglanteria Bose. Lacépéde, Hist. nat. poissons 1800, vol. 2, p. 103. “CHARLESTON, S. C.” ? Raja ocellata De Kay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 369, pl. 65, fig, 212. Mass.— Penikese Island (Garman 1874); Gloucester; Province- town (Bean 1880); Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844); Noank (B.S. N. H.). 25. RAJA SENTA Garman. Garman, Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 1885, vol. 8, p. 43. “Carn Cop Bay.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1396; spt, Lo psile Mass.— Cape Cod Bay (Garman 1885). PISCES. 13 SELACHIL. BATOIDEI. RAJIDAE. 26. Raga LAEVIS Mitchill. Barndoor skate. Mitchill, Amer. month. mag. & crit. rev., 1817, vol. 2, p. 327. “New York.” Goode & Bean, Ocenmte ichth.., 1896, p. 28 pl. 9, fig. 29. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. Annee SIC M pil Pad: Raia laevis Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 242, pl. 39, fig. 2. Me.— Eastport (U. S. nat mus., 1872); Casco Bay (Kendall coll. 1896). Mass.— New Bedford (Storer 1839); Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1863; Garman 1874); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). . R. I.— (Tracy 1906). Conn.— (Linsley 1844); Noank (Goode 1879). NARCOBATIDAE., 27. 'TETRONARCE OCCIDENTALIS (Storer). Torpedo; Numbfish; Crampfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 77; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 11, fig. 33. Torpedo occidentalis Storer, Amer. journ. sci., 1843, vol. 44, p. 165, pl. 3. “MassacHusetts.” Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 247, pl. 39, fig. 5. Me.— Off Seguin; Casco Bay (Smith & Kendall 1897). Mass.— Truro (Storer 1839); Chilmark 3 miles from Gay Head (Storer 1847); Provincetown (Storer 1843, 1845, 1845b and 1863); Wellfleet (Storer 1839, 1843?, 1843 and 1863). Thatchers Island; 14 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. SELACHII. BATOIDEI. NARCOBATIDAE, Lanesville (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith. 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); off Sakonnet (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Stratford ‘(Linsley 1844). DASYATIDAE. 28. DasyaTIs CENTRURA (Mitchill). Sting ray; Stingaree; Clam-cracker. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 83. Raja centrura Mitchill Trans. lit. and philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 479. “Coast or Lone IsLanp.” Pastinaca hastata Delkay. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 244, pl. 39, fig. 3. Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1842, 1842, and 1863); Chatham (Storer 1857 and 1863); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844). 29. Dasyatis HASTATA (DeKay). Sting ray. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47 U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 83. Pastinaca hastata DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 373, pl. 65, fig. 214. “RaopeE IsLanp.” Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1842); Chatham (Storer 1858). R. I— (DeKay 1842). 30. PTrEROPLATEA MACLURA (LeSueur). Butterfly ray. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 86. Raja maclura LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1817, vol. 1,-p: 41, pl (Pigs: 1025.4, byes a Nuwrorr hate 4 PISCES. 15 SELACHII. BATOIDEI. DASYATIDAE. Pastinaca maclura LeSueur. DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, Os GD, Jol, (G5), inves, ZIlsy Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Newport LeSueur 1817; De Kay 1842); Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Saybrook; New Haven (Linsley 1844). MYLIOBATIDAE. 31. MyYLIoOBATIS FREMINVILLEI LeSueur. Eagle ray. LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1824, vol. 4, p. 111. “RHODE IsLANnpD.”’ Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. TGNUS., INSWG, [Oto Ik, Ds Ss Mylvobatis acuta Ayres. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 245, pl. 39, fig. 4. Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1841, 1842, and 1863); Waquoit ~ (Lyman 1872); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I.— (LeSueur 1824); Narragansett Bay (Tracy 1906). Conn.— (Ayres 1841; Linsley 1844); Noank (Garman 1885). 32. RHINOPTERA BONASUS (Mitchill). Cow-nose ray. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 90. Raja bonasus Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vols) yp. 479)- New York. Rhinoptera quadriloba LeSueur. DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 375, pl. 66, fig. 217. Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); off Block Island (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844). 16 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. CHONDROSTEI. ACIPENSERIDAE. 33. ACIPENSER STURIO Linné. Common sturgeon. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 237. “Mari Europano.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 105; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 20, fig. 45. Acipenser oxyrhinchus Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1863, vol. 8, p. 431, pl. 35, fig. 4. Me.— Kennebec River (Storer 1863); Androscoggin River (Atkins 1887); Cathance River, tributary of Kennebec (Kendall coll. 1901); Penobscot River and Bay (Evermann 1903). Mass.— Charles River at Watertown (Storer 1839); Deer Island (Storer 1842); outside Boston Harbor; Truro (B. S. N. H.); Provincetown (Storer 1863); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Merrimac River at Lawrence (Goode & Bean 1879); Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1896); Menemsha Bight; Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); -Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. Il— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); off Sakon- net; off Quonset; Block Island (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Long Island Sound (Linsley 1844). 34. AcIPENSER RUBICUNDUS LeSueur. Lake sturgeon; Stone sturgeon; Rock sturgeon. LeSueur, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1818, vol. 1, p. 388, pl. 12. “LAKES ONTARIO, ERIE, AND ALL THE UPPER LAKES.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 106; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 21, fig. 46. Vr.— Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842; Evermann & Kendall 1894); (Storer 1842). 35. ACIPENSER BREVIROSTRUM LeSueur. Short-nose sturgeon. LeSueur, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1818, vol. 1, p. 390. “‘ DELA- PISCES. 17 TELEOSTOMI. CHONDROSTEI. ACIPENSERIDAE. WARE River.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 106. Mass.— Boston Harbor [?] (Durkee 1855); Waquoit [?] (Lyman 1872); Rockport [?] (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole [?] (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I.—[?] (Tracy 1906). RHOMBOGANOIDEA. LEPISOSTEIDAE. 36. LEPISOSTEUS OSSEUS (Linné). Gar; Gar-pike. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47 U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 109. Esozx osseus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 313. ‘‘ AmErR- ICA SEPTENTRIONALI, ASIA.” Lepisosteus lineatus ‘Thompson, Hist. Vermont, 1842, p. 145, fig. [young]. Lepisosteus bison DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 271, pl. 43, fig. 139. Vr.— Lake Champlain; Winooski River (Thompson 1842); (Storer 1842). CYCLOGANOIDEA. AMIIDAE. 37. Amita cALVA Linné. Mudfish; Dogfish; Bowfish; Grindle. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 500. “CaRroLinar AQUIS DULCIBUS, VARIUS ESCULENTUS.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 113; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 22, fig. 51. Amaia ocellicauda Thompson, Hist. Vermont. Appendix, 1842, p. 3d. 18 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. CYCLOGANOIDEA. AMITDAE. Vr.— Whitehall, Otter Creek; Lake Champlain; Winooski River (Thompson 1853). NEMATOGNATHI. SILURIDAE. 38. FELIcHTHYS MaRINUS (Mitchill). Gafitopsail cat. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 118; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 23, fig. 52. Silurus marinus Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 483. ““New York.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873); New Bedford (Goode 1879); Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898). R. I.—Brentons Reef (Tracy 1906); Newport (B. S. N. H. Powell coll.). 39. GALEICHTHYS FELIS (Linné). Sea catfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 128; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 23, fig. 52. Silurus felis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 503. “Car- OLINA.” Mass.— Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). 40. AmeEruRUS LAcUSTRIS (Walbaum). Great forked-tail cat; Mathemeg. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 137. Gadus lacustris Walbaum, Artedi Pise., 1792, p. 144. “‘Arcrtic AMERICA.” Vr.— Lake Champlain; Winooski River (Thompson 1842); Lake Champlain at Swanton (Evermann & Kendall 1894). PISCES. 19 TELEOSTOMI. NEMATOGNATHI. SILURIDAE. 41. AMEIURUS VULGARIS Thompson. Bullhead. . Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 140. Pimelodus vulgaris ‘Thompson, Hist. Vermont, 1842, p. 138. “Lake CHAMPLAIN.” Jordan, Bull. 10, U.S. nat. mus., 1877, p. 88, pl. 18, fig. 33; pl. 19, fig. 34. Vr.— Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842). 42. AMEIURUS NEBULOSUS (LeSueur). Bullhead; Hornpout; Minister. Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 140. Pimelodus nebulosus LeSueur, Mem. mus., 1819, vol. 5, p. 149. “TAKE ONTARIO.” Pimelodus atrarvws DeKay. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, Vol, 5, 0. 27Q, jal. AD, ier, Mer.— Almost everywhere common. Sebago Lake and outlet (B.S. N. H., Putnam coll.); St. Croix; St. Johns; Union Penob- scot; Kennebec; Androscoggin and Presumpscot river basins (Kendall coll.). — N. H.— Almost everywhere common. Cold, Caldwell, Warrens, Pout, Great, Boyces, Bradford, Todds, Goose, Clark, Mud, Lily, Indian, Clarksville, Butternut, Stocker, Eastmans, Miller, Angle, Island, Wash, Long, White Oak, Flints, Pennichuck, Rocky, Lakins, Hinmans, Sawyers, Clay, Smiths, Clements, Grassy, Rolfes, Carrs, Little Massabessic, Otternick, Cherry, Great, Country, Little, Crooked, Spaldings, Cedar, Nays, Pratts, Clarks, Otter, Little Sunapee, Suncook, Jennes, Little Bow, Harvey, Knowltons, Duncan, Gumpars, Whites, Cunningham, Moses, Cass, Captains, Worldsend, Hunkins, Morgan, Baptist, Bow, Little Bow, Trout, Boulster, Cones, Bear, Pleasant, Jones, Sim- - mons, Day, Great, Bakers, Line, Cabots, Policy, Hititite, Nut- 20 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. NEMATOGNATHI. SILURIDAE. chells, Beach, Sargent and Bartons ponds, and Squam Lake. (N. H. Fish comm.). Vr.— Connecticut River & larger tributaries; Barnat (Thompson 1842); Connecticut River; Lake Champlain; Clyde River; Lake Memphremagog (Evermann & Kendall 1894). Mass.— “Throughout the state” (Storer 1855); Jamaica Plains (B.S. N. H., Van Vleck & Henshaw coll.); Warwick (B.S. N. H., Putnam coll.); East Wareham (Goode 1879); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894). R. I— Mashapaug, Randalls, Benedict and Fenners ponds; Ponegansett Reservoir; Pocassett River (Pope coll. 1888-1896). Conn.— Salsbury Lake; Thatcherville Factory Pond, near Bridgeport (Linsley 1844). EVENTOGNATHI. CATOSTOMIDAE. 43. CARPIODES THOMPSONI Agassiz. Carp-sucker; Buffalo; Drum. Agassiz, Amer. journ. sci., 1855, vol. 19, p. 191. “‘Laxe CHam- PLAIN.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. Pity alive Vr.— Lake Champlain (Agassiz 1855; Evermann & Kendall 1894). 44. CATOSTOMUS CATOSTOMUS (Forster). Long-nose sucker; Red sucker. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p- 176; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 32, fig. 77. Cyprinus catostomus Forster, Philos. trans., 1773, p. 155. “STREAMS ABOUT Hupson Bay.” PISCES. Dali TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CATOSTOMIDAE. Mz.— Cupsuptic Lake (B. S. N. H., Putnam coll.); Craigs Brook; Alamoosook Lake; Toddy Pond; Glasier Lake; Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County (Kendall 1902); Umbagog Lake (Ken- dall & Goldsborough coll. 1905). N. H.— Connecticut Lakes and tributaries of Upper Connecti- cut River (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904); Umbagog Lake (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1905). Vr.— (LeSueur, 1817); Sleeper River; Caspian Lake (Ever- mann & Kendall 1902). 45. CATOSTOMUS COMMERSONII (Lacépéde). Sucker; White sucker; Black sucker. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 178; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 34, fig. 83. Cyprinus commersoni Lacépéde, Hist. nat. poissons, 1803, vol. Dy ps o02: Catostomus bostoniensis LeSueur. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 290} pl. 22, fig. 3. Mer.— Everywhere abundant. Moosehead Lake (B.S. N. H. Davidson coll.). Cambridge River, Upton; Sebago Lake and outlet (B.S. N. H. Putnam coll.); St. Johns, St. Croix; Union; Penobscot; Androscoggin, Kennebec, Presumbscot river basins and many other localities (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Everywhere common. Stocker, Angle, Island, Wash, Big Dummer, Little Dummer, Corner, Otter, Little Sunapee, Moses, Stinsons, Bow and Great ponds (N. H. Fish comm.). Con- necticut Lakes and tributaries of upper Connecticut River (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904); Umbagog Lake (Kendall & Golds- borough coll. 1905). Vr.— Common everywhere. (Thompson 1842); Lake Cham- plain; Passumpsic River, Clyde River; Memphremagog and Caspian lakes (Evermann & Kendall 1902). Do FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CATOSTOMIDAE. Mass.— Neighborhood of Boston (Le Sueur 1817); Charles River at Watertown (Storer 1839 and 1855); Williamstown (B.S. N. H. Buck & Nason coll.); Fresh Pond, Cambridge (B.S. N. H. Van Vleck coll.); very common (Goode & Bean 1879); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); near Woods Hole (Smith 1898). R. I— “Narragansett Bay” (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); Masha- paug Pond (Pope coll. 1895). Conn.— (DeKay 1842); “Passim” (Linsley 1844). 46. CATOSTOMUS NIGRICANS LeSueur. Hog-sucker; Stone roller; Black sucker. LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1817, vol. 1, p. 102. “Lake Erg.” Bean, Fish Penn., 1893, p. 26, pl. 21, fig. 31.¢ Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p- 181. Vr.— Sleeper River at St. Johnsbury (Evermann & Kendall 1894). Mass.— Walpole [?] (Storer 1839). 47. Ertmyzon oBLoneus (Mitchill). Chubsucker; Roach; Barvel. Cyprinus oblongus Mitchill, Rept. fish. N. Y., 1814, p. 22, fresh streams and lakes [“ New Yorx”’]. Catostomus tuberculatus DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 190 [in part]. Catostomus g eee LeSueur. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 291, pl. 22, fig. 4 Erimyzon sucetta oblonga (Mitchill) Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 186. Me.— Sebago Lake, Little Sebago Lake; Thomas Pond; Songo and Presumbscot rivers (Kendall coll.). PISCES. 23 TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CATOSTOMIDAE. N. H.— (DeKay 1842); Squam Lake; White Oak Pond (N. H. Fish comm.). Vr.— [ ?] (Storer 1843). Mass. — Connecticut River, Northampton (LeSueur 1817; Storer 1839); Watertown (Storer 1839); Miles River, Menham (Goode & Bean 1879); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Fresh Pond Cambridge (B.S. N. H. Van Vleck coll.). R. I.— “Narragansett Bay,” (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— “Housatonic” (Linsley 1844). 48. MoxosToMA AUREOLUM (LeSueur). Redhorse; Mullet; Red-fin sucker. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 192. Catostomus aureolus LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1817, vol. 1, pl. [18], p. 95. “Lake Erie, NEAR Burrato.” DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 201, pl. 42, fig. 133. Vr.— Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842; Evermann & Kendall 1894). CYPRINIDAE. 49. CHROSOMUS ERYTHROGASTER Rafinesque. Red-bellied minnow. Rafinesque, Ichth. Ohioensis, 1820, p. 47. “Oto River.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 209. Bean, Fish. Penn., 1893, p. 32, pl. 22, fig. 35. Mr.— Freeport (Kendall & Smith 1894); Eagle Lakes, Aroo- stook Co.; Matagamon River; Matagamonsis Lake; Penobscot River at Bangor; Cobbosseecontee Lake; Lake Auburn (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Indian Stream tributary of Upper Connecticut River, near Pittsburg, Coos County (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904). 24 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CYPRINIDAHE. 50. PIMEPHALES NOTATUS (Rafinesque). Blunt-nose minnow. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 218. Minnilus notatus Rafinesque, Ichth. Ohioensis, 1820, p. 47. “Onto RIVER.” EHyborhynchus notatus (Raf.), Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1869, vol. 13, p. 392, pl. 13, fig. 5. Vr.— Lake Champlain (Evermann & Kendall 1894); Swanton (Carter coll. 1907). 51. PIMEPHALES ANULI Kendall. Blunt-nose; Rings minnow. Kendall, Bull. U. S. fish comm., 1903, vol. 22, p. 360, fig: “Cross Lake ‘THOROUGHFARE, EaGLtE Lakes, ARooSTOOK County, MAINE.” Mz.— Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County; Lunkasoos Lake, Penobscot County (Kendall 1903). 52. SEMOTILUS BULLARIS (Rafinesque). Chub; Dace; Chiven. Cyprinus bullaris Rafinesque, Amer. month. mag. & crit. rey., 1817, vol. 1, p. 120. “‘Hupson River anp WorpD CREEK.” Cheilonemus pulchellus Girard. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 286, pl. 22, fig. 2. Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 221. Mr.— Almost everywhere abundant. Richardson Lake & Metallick Brook; Sebago Lake and outlet (B.S. N. H., Putnam coll.); Moosehead Lake (B.S. N. H., Davidson coll.); St. Johns; PISCES. D5 TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CY PRINIDAE. St. Croix, Union, Penobscot; Kennebec; Androscoggin, Presump- scot river basins (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Everywhere. Squam Lake and Winnipesaukee (B. S. N. H., Storer coll.); Connecticut Lakes and Upper Connecticut River waters (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904). ‘Vir.—— Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842). Mass.-— Almost everywhere. Worcester County; Walpole (Storer 1839); Menham Lake (Goode & Bean 1879); New Bedford (Goode 1879); South Hadley Falls (Bean 1880); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Boston and Waltham (B.S. N. H.); Ipswich (B.S. N. H., Brown coll.). Conn.— “‘Common” (Linsley 1844). 53. SEMOTILUS ATROMACULATUS (Mitchill). Horned dace; Mummychub; Mud-chub. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p- 222; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 40, fig. 100. Cyprinus atromaculatus Mitchill, Amer. monthly mag. & crit. rev., 1818, vol. 2, p. 324. “‘WaLiKkILt River, New York.” Mer.— Widely common. (Linsley 1844); Freeport (Kendall & Smith 1894); Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County; Allagash River lakes; Matagamon River waters; West Branch Penobscot River waters; Union River basin; Kennebec River waters; Androscog- gin River waters; Royals River basins (Kendall coll.); Mataga- mon waters (Smith 1902). _N. H.— Upper Connecticut River and tributaries; Connecticut Lakes (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904). Vr.— Western part of Vermont (Thompson 1853); Clyde River; Memphremagog Lake (Evermann & Kendall 1894); East Creek & Caspian Lake (Evermann & Kendall 1902). Mass.— Housatonic River (?); Brooks near Williams College [ 2] (Storer [Putnam] 1867). 26 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOML. EVENTOGNATHI. CYPRINIDAE. Conn.— Stratford; Canaan (Linsley 1844); Fairfield County (Ayres 1850). ; 54. LeucIscUS CARLETONI Kendall. Carletons Chub-minnow. Kendall, Bull. U. S. fish comm., 1903, vol. 22, p. 357, fig. 1. “Birt Fish Brook, TRIBUTARY OF EAST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER, A MILE BELOW MataGaMon Lake.” Me.— Bill Fish Brook, tributary of Matagamon River; South- ards pond, tributary of Hale Pond of West Branch of Penobscot River; Smith Brook, outlet of Haymock Lake, tributary of Allagash River; Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County (Kendall 1903); Bangor (Bowdoin College). 55. PHOXINUS NEOGAEUS Cope. Bronze minnow. Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1869, vol. 13, p. 375. “NEw Hupson, Livinestone County, MIcHIGan.”’ Leuciscus neogaeus (Cope). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p.240. Kendall, Bull. U.S. fish comm., 1903, vol. 22, p. 356. Mr.— Bill Fish Brook, tributary of Matagamon River; Mataga- monsis Lake; Southards Pond near Hale Pond, tributary of West Branch of Penobscot River; Smith Brook, outlet Haymock Lake, tributary of Allagash River (Eagle Lake); Cross Lake Thorough- fare, Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County; Lunkasoos Lake, tributary of Matagamonsis Lake (Kendall 1903); Cambridge River, tribu- tary of Umbagog Lake (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1905). N. H.— Indian Stream, tributary of Connecticut River near Pittsburg, Coos County (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904). PISCES. 27 TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CYPRINIDAE. 56. ABRAMIS CRYSOLEUCAS (Mitchill). Golden shiner; Roach; Bream. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 250; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 45, fig. 111. Cyprinus crysoleucas Mitchill, Rept. fish. N. Y., 1814, p. 23. “New YorK.” Leucosomus americanus Girard. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 118, pl. 21, fig. 2. Mer.— Widely common. Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County; St. Croix and other waters Washington County; Penobscot Andros- coggin; Kennebec, Presumpscot river waters (Kendall coll.). N. H.—Umbagog Lake (Kendall & Goldsborough Coll. 1904). Vr.— Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842). Mass.— Fresh Pond, Cambridge (B.S. N. H., Van Vleck coll.); Rileys Pond, Waltham (B. S. N. H., Warren coll.); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Wenham Lake (Goode & Bean 1879). R. I.— “Narragansett Bay” (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899); Masha- paug and Benedict ponds (Pope coll. 1888-1896). Conn.— ‘“‘Common” (Linsley 1844). 57. NovTROPIS BIFRENATUS (Cope). Bridled minnow. Jordan and Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 258. Kendall, Bull. U.S. fish comm., 1903, vol. 22, p. 361. Hybopsis bijrenatus Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1869, vol. 13, p. 384. ‘“‘ScHUYLKILL aT CONSHOHOCKEN [Pa.].” Mr.— Sebago and Little Sebago lakes (Kendall 1903); outlet Chaffin Pond, tributary to Sebago Lake (Kendall coll.). Mass.— (Jordan & Evermann 1896). 28 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CYPRINIDAE. 8. Norropis MUSKOKA Meek. Muskoka minnow. Meek, Publ. 41, Field Columb. mus., Zodl. ser., 1899, vol. 1, p. 308. “‘Guiu Lake, OnTaARIO.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47,. U.S. nat. mus., 1900, pt. 4, p. 3140. Me.— Bill Fish Brook, tributary to Matagamon River (East Branch of Penobscot); Hay Brook tributary to Matagamon on Grand Lake Thoroughfare; Smith Brook, outlet of Haymock Lake, tributary of Eagle Lake of Allagash River; Cross Lake Thoroughfare, Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County (Kendall coll. 1901 and 1903); Matagamon waters (Smith 1902). 59. NOTROPIS BLENNIUS (Girard). Straw-minnow. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 261. Alburnops blenniws Girard, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1856, p. 194, ‘““ARKANSAS RIVER.” Vr.— Lake Champlain, Swanton (Carter coll. 1907). 60. Norropis HUDSONIUS (Clinton). Spawneater; Shiner; Smelt. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 269; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 47, fig. 119. ° Clupea hudsonia Clinton, Ann. lyc. nat. hist. N. Y., 1824, vol. 1, p. 49, pl. 2, fig. 2. “ALBANY, AND OTHER PLACES ON THE HUD- son River [N. Y.].” Hybopsis hudsonius Clinton. Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. soc.,. 1869, vol. 13, p. 386, pl. 12, fig. 3. Vr.— Lake Champlain (Evermann & Kendall 1894). PISCES. 29 TTELEOSTOMI. HEVENTOGNATHI. CY PRINIDAE. 61. Norropis cornutus (Mitchill). Shiner; Redfin. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 281. Cyprinus cornutus Mitchill, Amer. monthly mag. & crit. rev., 1817, vol. 1, p. 289. “Watixity River [NEw Yorx].” Hypsolepis cornutus Girard. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 284, pl. 21, fig. 3. Mer.— Everywhere abundant. St. Johns, St. Croix and other waters in Washington County, Union, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Royals and Presumpscot river basins (Kendall coll.). N. H— Squam Lake (B. S$. N. H., Storer coll.); Upper Con- necticut River and Lakes (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904); Upper Androscoggin River and Umbagog Lake ek & Golds- borough coll. 1905). Vr.— Clyde and Passumpsic rivers (Evermann & Kendall 1894); Caspian Lake (Evermann & Kendall 1902). Mass.— Berkshire Co. (Storer 1842, 1842, and 1844); Blan- ford, Hampden Co., (Olmsted 1843?); Fresh Pond, Cambridge (B. S. N. H., Van Vleck coll.); Wenham Lake; Merrimac River at Andover (Goode & Bean 1879); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894). R. L— “Narragansett Bay” (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— “In several large streams” (Linsley 1844). 62. NoTRoPIS ATHERINOIDES Rafinesque. Silverside minnow. Rafinesque, Amer. month. mag. and crit. rev., 1818, p. 204, “Take Erte”; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., USGS, jo, I, |. ZEB. Vr.— Lake Champlain, Swanton (Carter coll. 1907). 30 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CYPRINIDAE. 63. NoTROPIS RUBRIFRONS (Cope). Rednose minnow. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 295. Alburnus rubrijrons Cope, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1865, p. 85, “KISKIMINITAS RIVER.” Alburnellus rubrijrons Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. soc., 1869, vol. 13, p. 388, pl. 8, fig. 3. Vr.— Lake Champlain, Swanton (Carter coll. 1907). 64. RHINICHTHYS CATARACTAE (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Long-nose dace; Broad-nose minnow.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 306. Gobio cataractae Cuy. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1842, vol. 16, p- 315. “Niagara Fats.” Argyreus nasutus Girard. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 289, pl. 22, fig. 1. N. H.— Upper Connecticut River, its tributaries and Lakes (Kendall & Goldsborough 1904). j Vr.— Sleeper River; Passumpsic River (Evermann & Kendall 1894). | Mass.— Blanford (Ayres 18437); Nichols Brook (Storer 1855). Conn.— West Hartford (Ayres 1843); Northford (Linsley 1843). 65. RHINICHTHYS aTRONASUS (Mitchill). Black-nose dace; Brook minnow; Rock shiner, Potbelly. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 307. Cyprinus atronasus Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soe. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 460. Fresh water brooks inhabited by trout. “‘TWALLKILL River. New York.]” PISCES. 5:1 TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CYPRINIDAE. Argyreus atronasus Heck. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 288, pl. 21, fig. 4. Mzr.—Common everywhere especially, in brooks. Parmacheenee Lake (B. 5S. N. H., Snow & Whittier coll.); Sebago Lake (B.S. N. H., Putnam coll.); St. Johns, St. Croix, Union, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Royals & Presumpscot River basins (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Upper Connecticut River and Lakes, and their tributaries (Kendall & Goldsborough 1904). Vr.— Streams flowing into Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842); Sleeper River; Passumpsic River; Lake Memphremagog (Ever- mann & Kendall 1894). Mass.— Cohasset (B. S. N. H., Bryant coll.); Chicopee River (B.S. N. H., Wheatland coll.); Williamstown (B.S. N. H., Buck and Nason coll.); ““Common in brooklets everywhere in Massa- chusetts (Goode & Bean 1879). R. I— “Narragansett Bay” (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.—‘“‘Small running streams” (Linsley 1844). 66. COUESIUS PLUMBEUS (Agassiz). Chub-minnow. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. BB. Gobio plumbeus Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1850, p. 366. “Lake SUPERIOR * * * Lake HuRON.” Ceratichthys prosthemius Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1869, vol. 13, p. 367, pl. 11, fig. 4. Me.— Common almost everywhere. Metallic Brook, Richard- son Lake (B. S. N. H., Putnam? coll. 1864); St. Johns; Penob- scot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Royals and Presumpscot River basins, and many other localities (Kendall coll.); Freeport (Ken- dall & Smith 1894). ay FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. EVENTOGNATHI. CYPRINIDAE. N. H.— Upper Connecticut River and Lakes, and their tribu- taries (Kendall & Goldsborough Coll. 1904). Vr.— Clyde River at Newport (Evermann & Kendall 1894); Caspian Lake (Evermann & Kendall 1902). 67. HyBopsIS KENTUCKIENSIS (Rafinesque). Hornyhead; Jerker; Indian chub. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. o22. Luzxilus kentuckiensis Rafinesque, Ichth. Ohioensis, 1820, p. 48. “Onto River.” — Ceratichthys biguttatus Kirtland. Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1869, vol. 13, p. 366, pl. 11, fig. 5. Mass.— Near Woods Hole (Smith 1898). 68. ExoGLossuM MAXILLINGUA (LeSueur). Cutlip; Niggerchub. Cope, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1869, vol. 13, p. 360, pl. 11, fig. 1. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 327; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 54, fig. 140. Cyprinus mazillingua LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1817, vol. 1, p. 85. “‘Prpe-CREEK, MAaryLanpD.” Vr.— Lake Champlain (Evermann & Kendall 1894). APODES. ANGUILLIDAE. 69. ANGUILLA CHRISYPA Rafinesque. Eel; Common eel. Rajinesque, Amer. month. mag. & crit. rev., 1817, vol. 1, p. 120. ‘‘Lake Grorce; Hupson River; Lake CHAMPLAIN.” Anguilla bostoniensis DeKay. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1863, vol. 8, p. 408, pl. 33, fig. 1. PISCES. 33 TELEOSTOMI. APODES. ANGUILLIDAE. Anguilla chrysypa Rafinesque. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 348; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 55, fig. 143. Mer.— Everywhere along the coast and in nearly all fresh waters. Eastport (B.S. N. H., Shurtleff coll.); St. Croix; Union, Eastport; Grand Lake Stream (Bean 1880); Penobscot, Kennebec, Andros- coggin, Royals, and Presumpscot river basins; Eastport; Casco Bay (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Butternut, Stocker, Eastmans, Miller, Angle, Island, Wash, Clarks, Messers, Pleasant, Suncook, Jenness, Little Bow, Harvey, Knowltons, Bagley, Long, Great, Bakers, Lime and Bartons ponds (N.H. Fish comm). Connecticut Lakes (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904). Vt.— Lake Champlain; Connecticut River; outlet of Barnards Pond (Thompson 1842). Mass.— Boston; Boston Bay (LeSueur 1817); Medford; Water- town (Storer 1839); Holmes Hole (Storer 1863); Woods Hole (Bean 1880); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Malden (B. S. N. H., Sandborn coll.); Wellesley (B. S. N. H., Denton coll.); Mystic River (B.S. N. H., Van Vleck coll.); Annis- quam (B.S. N. H.); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Woods Hole; Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Newport (LeSueur 1817); Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); Mashapaug and Fenners ponds; Pocassett River; Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-1896) Greenwich Bay (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Hartford; Northford (Linsley 1844); Noank (B. S. N. H., Hyatt & Rathbun coll.). LEPTOCEPHALIDAE. 70. LEPTocEPHALUS CONGER (Linné). Conger eel; Sea eel. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 354; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 57, fig. 148. 34 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. APODES. LEPTOCEPHALIDAE. Muraena conger Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. iP P- 245. “Oceano EUROPAEO.” Leptocephalus gracilis Storer, Proc. Bost. sec. nat. hist., p. 76, 1845, vol. 2. Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 256. [Young.] Me.— Cherryfield (Storer 1845, 1846, and Wheatland 1852); Old Orchard (Norion coll. 1906).- Mass.— Nomans Land (Storer 1839); Nahant (Storer 1867 and B.S. N. H., Cook coll. 1858); North Truro (Kendall coll. 1896); Falmouth; Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I— Near Block Island (Mitchill 1818); Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). MURAENIDAE. 71. MuRAENA RETIFERA Goode & Bean. Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 1882, vol. 5, 435. “CHARLESTON, S. C.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 401; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 65, fig. 173. Mass.— Tuckernuck Island (Smith 1900). ISOSPONDYLI. ELOPIDAE. 72. TARPON ATLANTICUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tarpon. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 409; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 67, fig. 177. Megalops atlanticus Cuv. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1846; vol. 19, p. 398. “GuaDALoUPE.” Mass.— South Dartmouth; Quisset; Menemsha (Smith 1898); Marthas Vineyard; Woods Hole (Sherwood & Edwards 1901). PISCES. : 35 TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. ELOPIDAE. R. I— Newport (Goode 1879); Narragansett Bay; Dutch Island Harbor (Sherwood & Edwards, 1901). 73. Evops saurus Linné. Ladyfish; Tenpounder. Wimmés Syst. mat, ed. 12> 1766, vol. Vp. 518. ~~ CAROnINA.”7 Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 410; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 67, fig. 178. Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873); New Bedford; Woods Hole (Bean 1880); Vineyard Sound; Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nan- tucket (Sharp and Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). ALBULIDAE. 74. ALBULA VULPES (Linné). Bonefish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p- 411; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 68, fig. 179. Esox vulpes Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 313. “AMER- ICA Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Newport (Bean 1880, Tracy 1906). HIODONTIDAE. 75. Htopon TERGISUS LeSueur. Mooneye. LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1818, vol. 1, p. 364. “Take Erie at Buffalo.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. 8. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 413; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 68, fig. 180. Vr.— Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842). 36 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. CLUPEIDAE. 76. ErruMeEuS TERES (DeKay). Round herring. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 420. Alosa teres DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 262, pl. 40, fig. 128. ‘“Harspor or New York.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Bean 1880); Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898). R. I.— Newport (Goode 1879 and Tracy 1906). 77. CLUPEA HARENGUS Linné. Herring; Labrador herring; English herring; Englishman; Sper- ling (young). Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 317. “M. Europazis.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 421; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 62, fig. 185. Clupea elongata LeSueur. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 330, pl. 26, fig. 1. Me.— Along our coast especially at Herring Gut (Williamson 1832); all along the coast, especially Passamaquoddy Bay and vicinity. (Moore 1897); Eastport (Verrill 1871; U.S. nat. mus. 1872; Bean 1880; Kendall coll. 1893); Bucksport (U. S. nat. mus. 1878); Casco Bay (Bean 1880; Lee 1885; Kendall coll.). N. H.— ((Peck] Belknap 1792). Mass.— Falmouth; Duxbury; Marthas Vineyard (Storer 1839); Edgartown; Massachusetts Bay; Provincetown Harbor (Storer 1859); Ipswich Bay (Bean 1880); Menemsha Bight; Monomoy; North Truro (Kendall coll. 1896);, Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm., 1899); Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844). PISCES. oa TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. CLUPEIDAE. 78. CLUPANODON PSEUDOHISPANICUS (Poey). Spanish sardine. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 423. Sardinia pseudohispanica Poey, Memorias, 1860, vol. 2, p. 311. (CGN : Clupea pseudohispanica (Poey) Kendall & Smith, Bull. U.S. fish comm., 1894, vol. 14, p. 17. Mass.— Woods Hole; Menemsha Bight (Kendall & Smith 1894; and Smith 1898). 79. Pomotosus MEbrocris (Mitchill). Hickory shad; Hickory jack; Fresh water tailor; Fall herring. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 425; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 71, fig. 188. ge Clupea mediocris Mitchill, Rept. fish. N. Y., 1814, p. 20. “That part of the bay of New York which borders on Staten Island.” Alosa lineata Storer. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. SAO mln 2ie ties 2. Me.— “Mouths of Kenduskeag and other fresh rivers (William- son (1832); Maine coast (Goode 1884); Small point, Casco Bay (Kendall coll. 1896); Freeport (Kendall coll. 1900). Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1847 and 1859); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Boston Harbor (B. S. N. H., .Wheildon coll.); New Bedford; Woods Hole (Bean 1880); North Truro; Monomoy; Menemsha Bight (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898) Tarpaulin Cove (Smith 1898). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stratford; New Haven; Housatonic and Connecticut rivers (Linsley 1844). Bio) FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. ; CLUPEIDAE. 80. PoMOLOBUS PSEUDOHARENGUS (Wilson). — Alewite ; Elwife ; Gaspereau; Sawhbelly; Kyak. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 426; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 71, fig. 189. Clupea pseudoharengus Wilson, Ree’s cyclopedia, 1811?, vol. 9, p-— Alosa cyanonoton Storer. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 339, pl. 27, fig. 1. Mz.— Common all along the coast, entering all accessible streams. Eastern, Kennebec, Sandy, East Branch of Penobscot (Me. Fish comm. 1867); Eastport U.S. Nat. Mus. 1872; (Kendall coll. 1893); Sebasticook, Sandy, East Branch of Penobscot, Dennys, Pennama- quan, Damariscotta, East Machias, Chandlers, Wescongus, Harring- ton, Tunk, St. Georges, Androscoggin, Saco, Mousam and Piscata- qua rivers; Patten Stream; West Gouldsborough, Mt. Desert and Casco Bay (Atkins 1887); Casco Bay (Kendall coll.); western tribu- taries of St. John and St. Croix River (Rathbun & Wakeham 1897). N. H.— Cobbetts Pond [land locked] (N. Wentworth coll.). Mass.— Watertown, Taunton, Medford, pond in Manchester and Chester; Merrimac River; Mystic River (Storer 1859); Wa- quoit (Lyman 1872); Melrose (B. S. N. H., Van Vleck coll.); Cohasset Narrows (Bean 1880); North Truro; Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp and Fowler 1904). R. l— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899; Taunton River (Tracy 1906). Conn.— “Common” (Linsley 1844); Noank (Bean 1880). 78. PoMOLOBUS AESTIVALIS (Mitchill). Glut herring; Summer herring; Blueback; Blackbelly; Kyack. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 426; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 71, fig. 190. PISCES. 39 TELEOSTOMI. ; ISOSPONDYLI. CLUPHIDAE. ? Clupea aestwalis Mitchill, Rept. fish. N. Y., 1814, p. 21. “New YorK.” Alosa tyrannus DeKay. . Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 334 [in part], pl. 26, fig. 3. Mer.— Eastport (U. S. nat. mus. 1872; Kendall coll. 1893); Dennys River (Kendall 1894; Casco Bay (Lee 1885; Kendall coll.); Lower Penobscot River (Kendall coll. 1902). IN, el Mass.— Sandwich (Storer 1839); Provincetown (Storer 1847 and 1858); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). 82. Atosa SAPIDISsIMA (Wilson). Shad. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 427; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 72, fig. 191. Clupea sapidissima Wilson, Ree’s cyclopedia, 1811 ?, vol. 9, p.— Alosa praestabilis DeKay. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, VOIN6, p: 632, pl. 26,e. 2. Me.— In all our rivers until stopped by dams (Williamson 1832) ; Kennebec; Merry Meeting Bay; Cathance tributary of Kennebec; Sebasticook, Sandy, Penobscot, West Branch, Eastern rivers (Me. fish comm. 1867); Eastport (U. 5. nat. mus., 1872; Kendall coll. 1893); Orland River (Merrill coll. 1899); off the coast (Kendall coll. 1895); Casco Bay (U.S. nat. mus. 1873; Bean 1880; Ken- dall coll.), St. Croix (Rathbun and Wakeham 1899). Kennebec; Penobscot; St. Croix; East Machias; Wescongus; Harrington; Mousam; Piscataqua rivers (Atkins 1887). N. H.— Merrimac River (Thompson 1842); Vr.— Connecticut River at Bellows Falls (Thompson 1842). Mass.— Charles, Merrimac and Concord rivers (Storer 1839 and 1859); Massachusetts Bay (B.S. N. H., Storer coll.); West Yar- 40 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ; ISOSPONDYLI. CLUPEIDAE. mouth (Lyman 1861); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Salem Harbor (Goode & Bean 1879); New Bedford (Bean 1880); Menemsha Bight (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899); Rumstick Point; Dutch Island Harbor; Taunton River (Tracy 1906). Conn.— “Common” (Linsley 1844); Noank (Bean 1880). 83. OPISTHONEMA OGLINUM (Le Sueur). Thread herring. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 432. Megalops oglina LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1817, vol. 1, p. 359. “Newport, R. 1.” Chatoesus signijer DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 264, pl. 41. Mass.— Buzzards Bay; Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). R. I.— Newport (LeSueur 1817); Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm. 1899). 84 BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS (Latrobe). Menhaden; Pogy. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 433; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 73, fig. 195. Clupea tyrannus Latrobe, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., 1802, vol. 5, p. 77, pl. 1. “‘CHEsapEaKE Bay.” Alosa menhaden Storer. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p- 336, pl. 26, fig. 4. Mer.— “On our coast and up rivers as far as fresh and saltwater mix” (Williamson 1832); Mouth Penobscot River (B.S. N. H., Storer coll.); Passamaquoddy Bay; Castine; Belfast; Brookline; Cranberry Isles; Sargentville; Matinicus; New Haven; Monhegan; Damariscotta; Pemaquid; Wescongus; Booth Bay; Bristol; Round PISCES. Al TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. CLUPEIDAE. pond; Waldoboro; Pond Island; Portland; Pine Point (Goode 1877); Casco Bay (Lee 1885; Kendall coll.; Smith 1902). N. H.— Mass.— Massachusetts Bay; Provincetown; Lynn; Sandwich (Storer 1859); Boston Bay (B. S. N. H., Cutting coll.); Salem (B. S. N. H., Brown coll.); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Danvers (Goode & Bean 1879); North Truro; Monomoy; Menemsha Bight (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish comm., 1899); Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). Conn.— Long Island Sound (Linsley 1844); Noank (Bean 1880); Saybrook (Kendall coll. 1890). ENGRAULIDIDAE. 85. ANCHOVIA BROWNI (Gmelin). Striped anchovy. Atherina browniw Gmelin, Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, p. 1397. “ JAMAICA.” Stolephorus brownit Gmelin. Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus, 1896, pt. 1, p. 443. Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 [?]; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). F 86. ANCHOVIA ARGYROPHANUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Silvery anchovy. Engraulis argyrophanus Cuv. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1848, vol. 21, p. 49. “EquaToriAL ATLANTIC.” Stolephorus argyrophanus Cuyv. & Val. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 444. Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). 42 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOML. ISOSPONDYLI. ENGRAULIDIDAE. 87. ANCHOVIA MITCHILLI (Cuvier & Valenciennes). White bait. Engraulis mitchilli Cuv. & Val., Hist. nat. poiss., 1848, vol. 21, p- 50. “New York; Carozina; Lake PonTcHaTRaAIN.” Engraulis vittata Baird & Girard. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 341 [7], pl. 27, fig. 3. Stolephorus mitchilli (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan & Ever- mann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 446. Me.— Casco Bay (Kendall coll. 1907). Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1859); Woods Hole (Smith 1898). R. I— (Tracy 1906). SALMONIDAE. 88. COREGONUS QUADRILATERALIS Richardson. Round whitefish; Menominee; Frostfish; Chiven; Billfish; Shad- waiter. Richardson, Franklin journ., 1823, p. 714, pl. 25, fig. 2. “Fort ENTERPRISE, British AMERICA.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 465. Kendall, Bull. U.S. fish. comm., 1903, vol. 22, p. 365, fig. Mer.— Moosehead Lake (B. S. N. H., Davidson coll.); Clear- water pond, Industry; Umsaskis of Allagash River; Cross Lake and Square Lake of Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County (Kendall 1903); Debsconeag Lakes, Piscataquis County (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Lake Winnepesaukee (Prescott 1851); First Connecti- cut Lake (N. H. Fish comm. 1892). Vr.— Lake Champlain?; Lake Memphremagog (Evermann & Kendall 1894). 89. COREGONUS CLUPEIFORMIS (Mitchill). Whitefish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 465; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 76, fig. 202. PISCES. 43 TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. SALMONIDAE. Salmo cluperformis Mitchill, Amer. monthly mag. & crit. rev., 1818, vol. 2, p. 321. “Sautr ste Marte.” Vr.— (Storer 1842); Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842; 1853 and Evermann & Kendall 1894). 90. CoREGONUS LABRADORICUS Richardson. Whitefish; Pound-fish; Shadwaiter; Shad; Gizzard-fish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 466; Kendall, Bull. U.S. fish comm., 1903, vol. 22, p. 363, fig. Salmo (Coregonus) labradoricus Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer., 1836, vol. 3, p. 206. ““Musqua River, [LABRADoR].” Mer.— Waters of the East and West branches of the St. Croix River; Moosehead Lake; Debsconeag Lakes; lakes of the Allagash; St. Frances and Fish rivers (Kendall 1903). N. H.— Lake Winnepesaukee (Prescott 1851). Vr.— Lake Champlain; Lake Memphremagog (Evermann & Kendall 1894). 91. CoOREGONUS STANLEY! Kendall. Little whitefish; Stanleys whitefish. Kendall, Bull. U. S. fish. comm., 1903, vol. 22, p. 366, fig. “MAINE.” Mer.— Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County (Kendall 1903). 92. ARGYROSOMUS ARTEDI (LeSueur). Cisco; Lake herring. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896 pt. 1, p. 468. Evermann & Smith, Rept. U.S. fish. comm. for 1894, 1896, Op 20) jolly Ae Coregonus artedi LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1815, vol. 1, p. 231. “Laxr Erte; Niagara RIvER.” 44 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. SALMONIDAE. Vr.— Lake Champlain (Thompson 1842); Lake Bomoseen, Rutland County; Vergennes (Evermann & Kendall 1894). 93. SALMo SALAR Linné. Salmon; Sea salmon. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 308. “In Ocrano. EuRopaz.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 320, pl. 25, fig. 2. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 486. Mer.— Kennebec River (Mitchill 1818); Affluent of Union River (Girard 1854); notably in the Penobscot; St. Croix, Dennys riv- ers; Penobscot Bay and neighboring coastal waters; Casco Bay (kendall coll.). N. H.— All along Merrimac River as far up as Woodstock dam (N. H. Fish. comm., 1878); Amoskeag Falls (N. H. Fish. comm., 1880; Merrimac River (N. H. Fish Comm. 1890). Vr.— Lake Champlain; Connecticut River, formerly (Thomp- son 1842). Mass.— Merrimac River (Storer 1839, 1859 and Agassiz 1859); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Lawrence (N. H. Fish comm. 1878, 1879, 1880, 1883); Massachusetts rivers (Goode & Bean 1879); North Truro (Kendall coll. 1896); Buzzards Bay; Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898); off Tuckernuck, Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm., 1899); Sakonnet River (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Connecticut River (Linsley 1844). 94. Sat~Mo SEBAGO Girard. Landlocked Salmon; Fresh-water salmon; Blackspot trout; Sal- mon trout. Girard, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1853, p. 380. “SouTHERN MAINE.” PISCES. : 45 TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. SALMONIDAE. Salmo salar sebago Jordan & Evyermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. OMS, MSO, jo, I, jo. Buse Me.— Originally in St. Croix Lakes, Grand Lake and Grand Lake Stream; Green Lake (Reeds Pond) in Union River basin; Sebee Lake, Penobscot basin; Sebago Lake, Presumpscot basin; now widely distributed by fish cultural operations. “ Sebago pond’? (Storer 1839); (Girard 1853). 95. CRISTIVOMER NAMAYCUSH Walbaum. Great Lakes trout; Mackinaw trout; Namaycush; Lunge; Togue; Laker; Lake trout. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 504; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 82, fig. 217. Sa mo namaycush Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., 1792, p. 68. “Hup- son Bay.” Mer.— Most deep lakes in eastern and northern Maine. ‘Thomp- son Pond in Poland; Tunk Lakes in Hancock county; Lakes of the Upper Kennebec, Penobscot and St. Johns rivers and the St. Croix system, Wilton Pond (Me. Fish comm. 1867); Moosehead Lake (Goode 1879 and B.S. N. H., Davidson coll.); Hurd pond; Matagamon Lake; Webster, Telos, Chamberlain, Eagle, Church- _ ill, Beau, Glasier lakes; Eagle Lakes, Aroostook County, Moose- head Lake (Kendall coll. 1901 and 1902). N. H.— Winnepesaukee Lake; Squam Lake; East Pond in Enfield; Newfound Lake and First and Second Connecticut lakes (N. H. Fish comm. 1892); First and Second Connecticut lakes (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904). Vr.— Lake Champlain; ponds in Orleans County; Bellwater pond in Barton and several ponds in Glover and Charleston (Thompson 1842); Lake Champlain; Lake Memphremagog; Cas- pian Lake; Dunmore; Willoughby; Maidstone (Evermann & Kendall 1894). 46 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. SALMONIDAE. 96. SALVELINUS FONTINALIS (Mitchill). Trout; Brook trout; Red spot; Squaretail. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 506; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 82, fig. 218. Salmo fontinalis Mitchill, Rept. fish. N. Y., 1814, p. 12. “New Yorxk.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 322, pl. 25, fig. 3. Me.— Almost everywhere in brooks, rivers, ponds and lakes. Moosehead Lake (B. S. N. H., Hamlin coll., Davidson coll.); Belgrade Lake (B.S. N. H.). N. H.— Pond, Monadnock Mt. (Bigelow 1849); Enfield (Storer 1859); Beaver Meadow, Fords, Mountain, Clarksville, Monad- nock, Converse, Clarks, Morrills, Little, Squam, Safety, Bog, Big Dummer, Little Dummer, Garlands, Connor, Bean, Dan Hole, Pierce, Stinsons, Baptist, Trout, Boulster, Chapmans, Picket Hill, Gilman, Bear and Rocky Ponds (N. H. Fish comm.); Connecticut Lakes and vicinity (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1904); Umba- gog Lake, Molnichwock Pond and Brook, Androscoggin River — (Kendall & Goldsborough coll. 1905). Vr.— Sleeper River; tributaries of Memphremagog, Caspian Lake (Evermann & Kendall 1894 and 1898). Mass.— Sandwich (Forsyth 1846; Storer 1839 and 1859); Waltham (B.S. N. H., Warren coll.); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Woods Hole (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899); small streams in Foster, Scituate and Gloucester (Pope coll.). Conn.— Housatonic (Linsley 1844); “Many Streams” (Ayres 1844). 97. SALVELINUS AGASsIzII (Garman). Dublin Pond trout. Salmo agassizii Garman, 19th rept. Mass. fish. comm., 1885, p- 20, fig. 17, 18. “‘Dusiin Ponp (Lake Monapnock) N. H.” PISCES. AT TELEOSTOMI. ; ISOSPONDYLI. SALMONIDAE. Salvelinus fontinalis agassizi (Garman). Jordan & Eyvermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 507. N. H.— Monadnock Lake; Center Pond (Garman 1885; and N. H. fish comm.). 98. SALVELINUS AUREOLUS Bean. Golden trout; White trout; Silver trout. Bean, Proc. U.S. nat. mus., 1887, vol. 10, p. 628. “SuNAPEE Laks, N. H.” Salvelinus alpinus aureolus (Bean). Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 511; 1900, pt. 4; pl. 83, fig. 220. Mer.— Floods Pond, Otis, Hancock County (Kendall coll. 1903). N. H.— Sunapee Lake (Bean 1887 and 1889); Danhole Pond (N. H. fish comm. 1890; Jordan & Evermann 1896). Vr.— Averill Ponds (Wentworth coll.). 99. SALVELINUS OQUASSA (Girard). Blueback trout; Blueback. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 514 1900, pt. 4, pl. 83, fig. 221. Salmo oquassa Girard, Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist., 1853, vol. 4, p. 262. “Moosrmecantic Lake * * * KENEBAGO.” Me.— Moosluemaguntic and Oquassa lakes, Kennebago Stream (Girard 1853); Rangeley and Mooselucmaguntic (Me. fish comm., 1867); Kennebago Stream (Kendall coll. 1900); Rangeley Stream (Kendall coll. 1903 and 1904); Rainbow Lake, Piscataquis County (Garland 1903 and 1904). 4S FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. ARGENTINIDAE. 100. OsmERUS MoRDAXx (Mitchill). Smelt. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 523; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 86, fig. 228. Atherina mordax Mitchill, Rept. fish. N. Y., 1814, p. 15, “NEw YorK.” Osmerus viridescens LeSueur. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 327, pl. 25, fig. 4. Mer.— Common along the whole coast. St. Croix and other Washington County Waters; Eastport; Union, Penobscot; Ken- nebec; Androscoggin, Presumpscot river basins, Rockland; Casco Bay (Kendall coll.); Sabattis Pond [?] (Merrill coll.); Green Lake [?] (Race coll.); Craigs Brook Craigs and Toddy ponds [7] (Atkins coll.). N. H.—Squam and Winnepesaukee lakes (H. R. Storer 1857 and N. H. fish comm. 1870); Stocker, Long, Sandy and Smith Ponds (N. H. fish comm.). Vr.— Lake Champlain and Lake Memphremagog (Evermann & Kendall 1894). . Mass.— Jamaica Pond (H. R. Storer 1857); Watértown; Mil- ton River (Storer 1839 and 1859); Annisquam (B.S. N. H.); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899); Narrow River (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844); Noank (Bean 1880). 101. OsMERUS SPECTRUM Cope. Wilton Pond smelt. Cope, Proc. Amer. philos. soc., 1870, vol. 11, p. 490. “WinTon Ponp, KENNEBEC County, MAINE.” PISCES. 49 TELEOSTOMI. ISOSPONDYLI. ARGENTINIDAE. Osmerus mordax spectrum (Cope). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p..523. Me.— “Wilton Pond” (Cope 1870); Wilson Pond (Stanley coll. 1904). 102. OsMERUS ABBOTTII Cope. Cobbosseecontee smelt. Cope, Proc. Amer. philos. soc., 1870, vol. 11, p. 490. ““CoxBgos- SEECONTIC LAKE.” Osmerus mordax abbott (Cope). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 524. Me.— Cobbosseecontee Lake (Cope 1870; Stanley & Berry coll.). 103. ARGENTINA sILUS Ascanius. Herring smelt. Ascanius, Icon. rev. nat., 1763, fasc. 3, p. 3, pl. 24. “Nor- way.’ Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 526. Me.— Belfast; Biddeford pool (Goode & Bean 1880). : INIOMI. SYNODONTIDAE. 104. ‘TRACHINOCEPHALUS Myops Forster). Ground spearing. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 533; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 88, fig. 235. Salmo myops Forster, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. ichth., 1801, p. AORIE visite 1a bai ainy.Neee Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). 50 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. INIOMI. SYNODONTIDAE. 105. SyNopDUS FOETENS (Linné). Lizzardfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 538; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 88, fig. 236. Salmo foetens Linné, Syst. nat. ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p.513. “‘Car- OLINA.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm., 1899). MAUROLICIDAE. 106. MavRoLicus PENNANTI (Walbaum). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, vol. 1, p. DI: Argentina pennanti Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., 1792, p. 47.“ ENe- LAND.” Scopelus humboldtii Cuy. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 328, pl. 25, fig. 5. Maurolicus borealis Goode & Bean, Oceanic ichth., 1896, p. 96, pl. 30, fig. 111. Mass.— Nahant (Storer 1839); Provincetown (Storer 1859); Woods Hole (Smith 1898). HAPLOMI. UMBRIDAE. 107. Umsra toi (Kirtland). Mud minnow; Mud fish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 623. Hydrargyra limi Kirtland, Boston journ. nat. hist., 1841, vol. 3, p. 277, pl. 2, fig. 4. ‘““NorTHERN Onto.” Hydrargqia atricada ['!] DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 220. PISCES. 51 TELEOSTOMI. HAPLOMI. UMBRIDAE. Vr.— Lake Champlain and tributaries (Thompson 1842); “ Ver- mont” (DeKay 1842). | 108. UmBra pyGMaEA (DeKay). Mud minnow. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47,xU. S$. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 624; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 99, fig. 268. Leuciscus pygmaea DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 214, pl. 42, fig. 13. “Tappan, RocKkLAND County, N. Y.” Conn.— [7] ESOCIDAE. 109. Esox AMERICANUS (Gmelin). Banded pickerel; short-nose pickerel; Trout-nose pickerel. Esox luctus B americanus Gmelin, Syst. nat. 1788, vol. 1, p. 1319. sIcone Isranpe Ne Ye Esox fasciatus DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 224, pl. 34, fig. 110. Esox ornatus Girard. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p- 313, pl. 24, fig. 2. Lucius americanus (Gmelin). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 126. Vr.— Lake Bomosen (Ripley coll. 1905). Mass.— Sherburne (Storer 1843); Charles River at Framing- ham (Girard 1854); Concord River (Thoreau 1859, Putnam 1859); Charles River at Wayland (Sprague 1859); East Lexington (B. S. N. H., Sprague coll.); Andover (B. S. N. H., Sanborn coll.); Fresh Pond, Cambridge (B. S. N. H., Van Vleck coll.); Wellesley (B. S. N. H., Denton coll.); Wenham Lake (Goode & Bean 1879). R. I.— “Narragansett Bay” (R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Samp-Mortar River, Fairfield (Linsley 1844). 52 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. HAPLOMI. ESOCIDAE. 110. Esox reticuntatus LeSueur. Pickerel; Grass pike; Jack. LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1818, vol. i, p. 414; “Con- - NEcTicuT River, Apams, Mass.’ Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 311, pl. 24, fig. 1. Lucius reticulatus (LeSueur). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 627. Me.— Now widely distributed especially in the southern half of the state. Sebago Lake and outlet (B.S. N. H., Putnam coll.); St. Croix and other Washington County waters (Kendall 1894); Union, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Royals and Presump- scot River basins (Kendall coll.). N. H.— Winnipesaukee Lake (B. S. N. H., Davidson coll.); Butternut, Stocker, Eastmans, Miller, Spectacle, Angle, Island, Wash, Long, Goyes, Whittaker, Upper, Cranney, Middle, Pleas- ant, Grassy, Clarks, Camp Swamp, Little, Squam, White-Oak, Flints, Pennichuck, Rocky, Larkins, Hinmans, Sawyers, Clay, Smiths, Clements, Rolfs, Carrs, Little Massabesic, Otternick, Cherry, Great, Country, Halfmoon, Streeter, Perch, Mink, Young, Henry, Cloughs, Crooked, Hothole, Spaldings, Cedar, Berry, Round, Pratts, Messers, Otter, Little Sunapee, Suncook, Jenness, Little Bow, Harvey, Knowltons, Duncan, Gumpars, Whites, Cunningham, Pierce, Jones, Governors, Peckus, Cass, Sandy Stin- ‘sons, Loon, Captains, Policy, Worlds End, Hunkins, Station, Star, Bow, Bolster, Gilman, Lovewells, Province, Pine River, Great East, Bagleys, Bear, Jones, Day, Bakers, Line, Cabots, Smiths, Rusts, Beach & Sargents Ponds (N. H. fish comm.). Vr.— Connecticut River and most of its larger tributaries (Thompson 1842); Lake Champlaif; Connecticut River (Ever- mann & Kendall 1894). Mass.— Connecticut River, Adams (LeSueur 1818); Brewster, Cape Cod (Storer 1839 and 1859); near Greenfield (Ayres 1843); PISCES. 53 TELEOSTOMI. HAPLOMI. ESOCIDAE. Charles River (Sprague 1855); Menham (B. S. N. H., Brown coll.); East Gloucester (B.S. N. H., Davidson coll.) ; Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894). R. I— Pocassett River, Ponegansett Reservoir, Georgiaville (Pope coll. 1895). Conn.— Hockanum River, about 2 miles east of Hartford (Ayres 1843); Hartford (Linsley 1844). Tit. Esex tucrus Linné. Pike; Pickerel. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p.314. “Europa.” Lucius luctus (Linné). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 628; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 100, fig. 269. VrT.— Dunmore Lake, Salisbury (BE S> Ne Ee) pe Wakes Cham- plain and Lake Memphremagog (Evermann & Kendall 1894); Lake Bomosen (Ripley coll. 1905). 112. Esox masgurnoney Mitchill. Muskalonge. Mitechill, Mirror, 1824, p. 297. “Lake Err.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 629; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 100, fig. 270. Vr— Lamoille River (Thompson 1850 and 1853); Lake Champlain (Evermann & Kendall 1894) POECILIIDAE. 113. FounpuLus masatis (Walbaum). Killifish; Mayfish; Bass killy; Yellowtail. Garman, Mem. mus. comp. zo6l., 1895, vol. 19, p. 104, pl. 2, fig. 5-6; pl. 9, fig. 1-8. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. 5. nat- mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 639; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 101, fig. 271. 54 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. HAPLOMI. POECILIIDAE. Cobitis majalis Walbaum, Artedi Pise., 1792, p. 12. ‘Lone IsLAND.” . Hydargyra flavula Val. Storer, Mem. Aimer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 309, pl. 23, fig. 5, 6. Mass.— Holmes Hole; near Boston (Storer 1842 and 1859); Salem (Wheatland 1859); West Yarmouth (Lyman 1861); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); South Mill Pond [?] (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nan- tucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). Conn.-- Noank (Goode 1879). 114. FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS (Linné). Killifish; Mummichog; Chub; Minny. Tomcod; Cobler. Garman, Mem. mus. comp. zoél., 1895, vol. 19, ps OG ple figs 2 Pl Ss, he. : Cobitis heteroclita Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 500. “CAROLINA.” Fundulus pisculentus Cuv. & Val. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 294, pl. 23, fig. 3, 4. Fundulus nigrofasciatus Cuv. & Val. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 295, pl. 23, fig. 1. Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Walbaum). Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 641. Me.— Eastport (U. S. nat. mus. 1872 and 1892). Casco Bay (U.S. nat. mus. 1873, Bean 1880 and Lee 1885); ponds near New Meadows (Bowdoin college). Freeport (Kendall coll. 1892, 1898; 1899, 1900; 1901; 1902; 1903). Mass.— Sandwich (LeSueur 1817); Holmes Hole, (Storer 1839); Cambridge; Boston (Storer 1855); Salem (Wheatland 1859); West Yarmouth (Lyman 1861); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); PISCES. 535, TELEOSTOMI. HAPLOMI. POECILIIDAE. Annisquam (B. 5. N. H., Hyatt, VanVleck & Gardiner coll.); Cohasset (B. S. N. H., Bryant coll.); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Newport (LeSueur 1817); Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899); Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). Conn.— Long Island Sound (Linsley 1844); Noank (Goode 1879). 115. FuNnpuLuS DIAPHANUS (LeSueur). Freshwater minnow; Shorefish; Flathead. Garman, Mem. mus. comp. zoél., 1895, vol. 19, p. 102, pl. 2, fig. 7. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 645; 1900, pt. 2, pl. 1038, fig. 275. Hydrargura diaphana LeSueur, Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phil., WIT, Voll, 1, jos ISO, SSuRANoeN Ica, IN, SC Fundulus multifasciatus Cuv. & Val. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1855, vol. 5, p. 296, pl. 23, fig. 2. Me.— Boyden and Pennamaquan lakes and Grand Lake Stream (Kendall & Smith 1894); Chickawaka Lake, Rockland (Kendall coll. 1895); Craigs Pond, Lake Auburn, Cobbosseecontee Lake; Stillwater River (Merrill coll. 1899); Marranocook Lake (Berry coll. 1899); brook at Brunswick (Bowdoin college); Matagamonsis Lake (Kendall coll. 1900 and Smith 1902); Hurd ponds; Cross Lake Thoroughfare (Kendall coll. 1901); Floods pond and outlet (Kendall coll. 1902). Mass.— Concord; Lowell (Storer 1855); Fresh Pond, Cam- bridge (B. S. N. H., Putnam coll.); Annisquam (B.S. N. H., ‘Hyatt, VanVieck & Gardiner coll.); Wenham Lake (Goode & Bean 1879); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Smith 1898). R. I.— “Narragansett Bay” (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). Conn.— “Common” (Linsley 1844). 56 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. HAPLOMI. . POECILIIDAE. 116. Lucanta parva (Baird & Girard). Rainwater fish. Garman, Mem. mus. comp. zodl., 1895, vol. 19, p. 93, pl. 3, fig. 3. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 665; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 109, fig. 292. Cyprinodon parvus Baird & Girard, Rept. 9, Smithsonian inst., 1855, p. 345. “GREENPORT, Lona IsLaNnD.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). 117. Cyprinopon variecatTus Lacépéde. Sheepshead minnow. ~ (Tae t Lacépéde, Hist. nat. poissons, 1803, vol. 5, p. 486. SOUTH CaROLINA.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 255. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 671; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 111, fig. 296. Mass.— West Yarmouth (Lyman 1861); Cape Cod (Storer 1867); Falmouth; Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). j Conn.— “Common”; Long Island Sound (Linsley 1844); Noank (Bean 1880). SYNENTOGNATHI. BELONIDAE. 118. TyLosurus MARINUS (Walbaum). Garfish; Silver gar; Billfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 714. Esox marinus Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., 1792, p. 88. —— Belone truncata LeSueur. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 314, pl. 24, fig. 3. PISCES. ah TELEOSTOMI. SYNENTOGNATHI. BELONIDAE. Me.— Wolfsneck, Freeport, Casco Bay (Kendall coll.). Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1839 and 1859); Vineyard Sound (B.S. N. H., Storer and Kneeland coll.); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Great Tisbury Pond, Marthas Vineyard (B.S. N. H., Davis coll.); Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Newport (LeSueur 1821); Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899); Wickford (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Stratford; Hartford (Linsley 1844); Connecticut River near Hartford (Ayres 1844); Noank (Bean 1880). 119. ‘TyLosurus acus (Lacépéde). Houndfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 716; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 116, fig. 309. Sphyrna acus Lacépéde, Hist. nat. poissons, 1803, vol. 5, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 3. “Martinique.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). 120. ATHLENNES HIANS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 718. Bull. U.S. fish comm., 1905, vol. 23, pt. 1, p. 125, fig. 40. Belone hians Cuy. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1846, vol. 18, p. 432. “Havana, Banta.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). HEMIRHAMPHIDAE. 121. HyporHAaMPHUS ROBERTI (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Halfbeak. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p- 721; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 117, fig. 312. 58 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. SYNENTOGNATHI. HEMIRHAMPHIDAE. Hemirhamphus roberti Cuv. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1846, vol. 19, p. 24. “CAYENNE.” Mass.— Vineyard Sound: Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898). R. I— Newport (Cope 1870); Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). 122. EULEPTORHAMPHUS VELOX Poey. Poey, Synopsis, 1867, p. 383. “Cusa.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 724. Mass.— Off Nantucket, (Putnam 1870). R. I.— Newport (Goode 1879). SCOMBERESOCIDAE. 123. ScoMBERESOX sAURUS (Walbaum). Billfish; Needlefish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 725; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 117, fig. 314. Esox saurus Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., 1792, p.93. “CoRNWALL.”’ Scomberesox storeri Delkay. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 315, pl. 24, fig. 4. Mr.— Monhegan (Goode & Bean 1879); Small Point, Casco Bay (Kendall coll. 1896); Old Orchard (Bowdoin college 1898). Mass.— Cape Cod; Nantucket Shoals (Storer 1839); Province- town (Storer 1859); Weir River, Hingham (B.S. N. H., Griitman coll.); Annisquam (B.S. N. H., Hyatt & VanVleck coll. 1879); Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean 1879); Cape Cod (Bean 1880); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm., 1899); Newport (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Long Island Sound (Linsley 1844). PISCES. 59 TELEOSTOMI. SYNENTOGNATHI. EXOCOETIDAE. 124, PAREXOCOETUS MESOGASTER (Bloch). Black-wing Flyingfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, ja: It, jo. 728. Exocoetus mesogaster Bloch, Ichthyologia 1795, pl. 399. R. I.— Block Island (Goode 1879); Newport (Jordan & Meek 1885). 125. ExocortTus vouirtans Linné. Flyingfish: Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 316. “rn ato PELAGoO, Evropazko & AMERICANO” * * *, Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 734; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 118, fig. 318. Mass.— Vineyard Sound; Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). : Conn.— New Haven; Stonington (Linsley 1844). 126. ExocorETUS RONDELETII Cuvier & Valenciennes. Flyingfish. Cuy. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1846, vol. 19, p. 115, “ Napies; Stctry; Canaries.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. MUS SION pied a 7a3 1900) pta4, ple lls mo. silly, seus Mass.— Menemsha Bight (Smith 1901). 127. CypstLtuRUS HETERURUS (Rafinesque). Flyingfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1898, pt. 3, p. 2836. 60 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. SYNENTOGNATHI. EXOCOETIDAE: _ Exocoetus heterurus Rafinesque, Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi, 1810, p. 58. “Patermo.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 735. Exocoetus noveboracensis Mitchill. DeKay, N. Y., fauna, 1°42, pt. 4, p. 230, pl. 36, fig. 114. Mass.— Woods Hole; Menemsha Bight (Smith 1900). R. I. Block Island (Goode 1879). 128. Cypstturtus FurcatTus (Mitchill). Flying-fish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1898, pt. 3, 2836. Exocoetus furcatus Mitchill, Trans. lit. and phil. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, 149. R. I— Newport (Jordan & Meek 1885 and Tracy 1906). 129. CyYPSILURUS GIBBIFRONS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Flyingfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1898, pt. 3, p. 2836. Exocoetus gibbijrons, Cuy. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1846, vol. 19,p. 118. “Aruantic.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. 8S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 741. R. I— Newport (Jordan & Evermann 1896). HEMIBRANCHI. GASTEROSTEIDAE. 130. Evcarra INCONSTANS (Kirtland). Brook Stickleback. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p- 7H. PISCES. 61 TELEOSTOMI. HEMIBRANCHII. GASTEROSTEIDAE. Gasterosteus inconstans Kirtland, Bost. journ. nat. hist., 1841, vol. 3, p. 273, pl. 2, fig. 1. “TRrumBuLL County, Oxnto.” Mer.— Tributary brook of Cobbosseecontee Lake (Smith 1900; Kendall 1903). Vt.— Mouth of Franklin Brook (Evermann & Kendall 1894). 131. Punerrius puNGITIUS (Linné). Nine-spined stickleback. Gasterosteus pungitius Linné. Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p- 296. “Europa.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 91, pl. 8, fig. 5 Pygosteus pungitius Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. IMUS SOO, pl. Ip. (40: Mer.— Kennebec County (Storer 1837); Eastport (U. S. nat. mus. 1872); Brunswick (Bowdoin college 1890); Grand Lake Streain (Kendall 1894); Casco Bay (Lee 1885); Freeport (Kendall coll.); Cross Lake Thoroughfare, Aroostook County (Kendall coll. 1901 and 1903); Sebois River (Kendall coll. 1902). Mass. 39); Salem (Wheatland 1859); Fresh- water pond, Annisquam (B.S. N. H., Hyatt, Van Vleck & Gardiner coll.); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). te = (iraey 1906). Conn.— Housatonic _(Linsley 1844); Hockanum River (Ayres 1844). 132. GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS Linné. Three-spined stickleback; Thornback; stickleback; Hornpout. liinimeovst- nat. ed-..10)) 1758; vol, 1) p.2903, 5 HuRopa Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 747; 1900, pl. 99, fig. 320. 62 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ‘ HEMIBRANCHIL, GASTEROSTEIDAE. Gasterosteus bispinosus Walbaum. Jordan & Evyermann, Bull. 47, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 748. Gasterosteus biaculeatus Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 88, pl. 8, fig. 2, 3. Mer.— Eastport (U. S. nat mus. 1872; Kendall coll. 1893); Rockland (Kendall coll. 1895); Casco Bay and tributary waters (Kendall coll.); New Meadows River (Bowdoin College); Brook in Brunswick (Kendall coll. 1903). Mass.— Provincetown; Boston (Storer 1839); Nahant; Brookline (Storer 1853); Salem (Wheatland 1859); Annisquam (B.S. N.H., Hyatt, VanVleck & Gardiner coll.); Cohasset (B. S. N. H., Bryant coll.); Malden (B.S. N. H., Sandborn coll.) ; Wood’s Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844); Noank (B.S. N. H., Hyatt & Rathbun coll.). 133. GASTEROSTEUS ATKINSIIT Bean. Freshwater stickleback. Bean, Proc. U. S. nat. mus. 1879, vol. 2, p. 67. _“*ScHoopic Lakes, Me.” Gasterosteus bispinosus atkinsu (Bean). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 748. Mr.— Grand Lake Stream (Bean 1879); Tributary of Cob- bosseecontee Lake (Kendall coll. 1899); Lake Auburn (Kendall coll. 1900); Billfish Brook, tributary Matagamon River; Mata- gamonsis, Webster, Telos, Chamberlain, Eagle, Churchill and Glasier, lakes; Allagash River and Cross Lake ‘Thoroughfare (Kendall coll. 1901); Matagamon Waters (Smith 1902); Moose- head Lake (Kendall coll. 1902); Floods Pond (Kendall coll. 1903). PISCES. 63 TELEOSTOMI. HEMIBRANCHI. GASTEROSTEIDAE. 134. GASTEROSTEUS BISPINOSUS Walbaum. Two-spined stickleback. Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., 1792, p. 450. “ Nrar New York, HempsteEap, L. I.]” Gasterosteus wheatlandi Putnam. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 279. Gasterosteus gladvunculus Kendall. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1898, pt. 3, p. 2836. Mer.— Along the whole coast in salt and brackish water. Bay of Fundy (Bowdoin college 1891); Creek at Small Point, Casco Bay; off Monhegan Island (Kendall coll. 1896); Porters Landing, Freeport (Kendall coll. 1898; 1899, 1900 and 1903); New Mead- ows River (Bowdoin college 1901). Mass.—Swampscott (M. C. Z.); Nahant (Storer 1867); Woods Hole (Smith 1898). Conn.— Stratford [?] (Linsley 1844). 135. APELTES QUADRACUS (Mitchill). Four-spined stickleback; Bloody stickleback. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 752; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 120, fig. 322. Gasterosteus quadracus Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 430. “New York.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 89, pl. 8, fig. 4. Me.— Along the whole coast in brackish water. Eastport (U. S. nat. mus. 1872); Casco Bay (U.S. nat. mus. 1873); Chick- awaka Lake and outlet, Rockland (Smith & Kendall 1896); Free- port (Kendall coll. 1898-1903). Mass.— Salem (Storer 1839 and Wheatland 1859); from Boston to Provincetown (Storer 1853); freshwater pond, Annis- ‘64 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. HEMIBRANCHII. GASTEROSTEIDAE. quam (B. S. N. H., Hyatt, Van Vleck & Gardiner coll.); Quashnet River, Falmouth (Kendall coll. 1894); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. l— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). Conn.— Hartford; Stonington; Stratford (Linsley 1844); No- ank (Bean 1880). FISTULARIIDAE. 136. FISTULARIA TABACARIA Linné. Trumpetfish. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 312. “In America.” Jordan & Eyermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 757. Fistularia serrata Bloch. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1858, vol. 6, p. 318, pl. 25, fig. 1. Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1839; 1849 and 1859); Rock- port (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Goode 1879); Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). MACRORHAMPHOSIDAE. 137. MacRORHAMPHOSUS SCOLOPAX (Linné). Snipefish. Goode & Bean, Oceanic ichth., 1896, p. 483, pl. 117, fig. 396. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 759. Balistes scolopax Linné, Syst. nat. ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 329. ““ MEDITERRANEAN.” Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1857; Goode & Bean 1879); Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean 1896). PISCES. 65 TELEOSTOMI. LOPHOBRANCHII. SYNGNATHIDAE. 138. SYNGNATHUS FUSCUS Storer. Pipefish. Storer, Report, 1839, p. 162. “Nanant, Hotmes Hote [Mass.].” Siphostoma juscum (Storer). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 770. Syngnathus peckianus Storer, Report, 1839, p. 163, pl. 1, fig. 2, and Mem. Amer. acad., 1863, vol. 8, p. 412, pl. 33, fig. 3. i Me.— Eastport (U. 8. Fish Comm. coll. 1890; Kendall coll. 1893); Casco Bay (U.S. nat. mus. 1887; Lee 1885; Bowdoin Col- lege; Kendall coll. 1898-1900); off the coast (Kendall coll. 1895). N. H.— Piscataqua River. Mass.— Nahant; Holmes Hole (Storer 1839); West Yarmouth (Lyman 1861); Boston Harbor (Storer 1863); Massachusetts Bay (B.S. N. H., Storer coll., Cutting coll.); Cohasset, Boston (B.S. N.H., Bryant coll., Kneeland coll.); Annisquam (B. S. N. H., Hyatt, Van Vleck & Gardiner coll.); Cape Ann; Swampscot (B. S. N. H.), Cape Cod (Storer [Putnam] 1867); Salem; Beverly Bridge (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. l—Narragansett Bay (R.I. fish comm. 1899 and Pope coll.). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844); Long Island Sound, off Stratford; Bridgeport; Middle Ground; Penfield Reef (Kendall coll., 1890); off S. W. Ledge; off Branford Beacon; off Norwalk Light House (Kendall coll. 1892). 139. Hrppocampus Hupsonius DekKay. Sea-horse. DeKay, N. Y. fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 322, pl. 53, fig. 171. “New York.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1863, vol. 8, p. 416, pl. 33, fig. 4. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 777; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 122) fig. 327. : 66 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI, LOPHOBRANCHII. SYNGNATHIDAE. Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1839 and 1863); Provincetown. (Atwood 1850); Massachusetts Bay? (Goode & Bean 1879); Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). ACANTHOPTERI. PERCOPSIDAE. 140. PrRcopsis GurratTus Agassiz. Trout-perch; Sand roller. Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1850, p. 286. “LAKE SUPERIOR.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 784; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 121, fig. 329. Vr.— Lake Champlain; Winooski River (Thompson 1850 and 1853). ATHERINIDAE. 141. MeENIDIA BERYLLINA CEREA Kendall. Waxen silverside. Kendall, “Rept: Us Ss fish comm. 1901 to02. pr 26lr tics “Woops Hote.” Menidia gracilis (Giinther). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, WS. nat. mis. SSO. pialenos ome Mass.— Truro; Sandwich; Falmouth; Woods Hole; Wareham River; .New Bedford (Kendall 1901). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). 142. Menrpia MENIDIA NoTATA (Mitchill). Silversides; Britt; Sand smelt; Capelin. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. 5S. nat. mus., 1898, pt. 3, p. 2840. PISCES. 67 TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. ATHERINIDAE. Atherina notata Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc..N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 446. ““New York.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 165, pl. 16, fig. 1. Menidia notata (Mitchill). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 800. Mr.— Along the whole coast; Eastport (Kendall coll. 1893); Orland (Bean 1880); Casco Bay (U.S. nat. mus. 1873; Kendall coll., 1892; 1898-1902). N. H.— Piscataqua River (Storer 1853). Mass.— Provincetown; Holmes Hole (Storer 1839); West Yarmouth (Lyman 1861); Charles River (Storer 1853); Annisquam: (B. S. N. H., Hyatt, Van Vleck & Gardiner coll.); Gloucester (Kendall 1903); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith: 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899); Conimicut (Pope coll. 1894-97). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844); Noank (B.S. N. H., Hyatt & and Rathbun coll.); Bridgeport (Kendall coll., 1890). MUGILIDAE. 143. Muait cepHaLus Linné. Striped mullet. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 316. “mn OcEANo Europaro.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 811; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 126, fig. 343. Mugil lineatus Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p- 167, pl. 16, fig. 4. Mer.— Wolfsneck, Casco Bay (Kendall 1903 and Smith 1902). Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1852 and 1853); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). 68 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. MUGILIDAE. R. I— Newport (Bean 1880); Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844). 144. Muer curema Cuvier & Valenciennes. White mullet. Cuv. &. Val. Hist. nat. poissons, 1836, vol. 11, p. 87. “Brazix; MartTINIQUE; CuBa.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 813; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 126, fig. 344. Mass.— Woods Hole (Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. Il.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm., 1899). 145. Muein tricnopon Poey. Fantail mullet. Poey, Ann. Lye. nat. hist. N. Y., 1875, vol. 11, p. 66, pl. 8, fig. 4-6. ‘““Cupa.’ Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, Oi Jb, Os lle Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). Conn.— Stonington (Linsley 1844). SPHYRAENIDAE. 146. SPHYRAENA BARRACUDA (Walbaum). Barracuda. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1898, pt. 3, p. 2841; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 128, fig. 349. Esox barracuda Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., 1792, p. 94. Sphyraena picuda Bloch & Schneider. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 823. Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). PISCES. 69 TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. SPHYRAENIDAE. 147. SpPHYRAENA GUACHANCHO Cuvier & Valenciennes. Barracuda; Guaguancho. Cuv. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1829, vol. 3, p.342. “Havana.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 824. Mass.— Woods Hole (Goode & Bean 1880); Woods Hole and Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898). R. I1— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899); Willow Beach, near Wickford (Tracy 1906). 148. SpHYRAENA BOREALIS Delay. Northern barracuda. DeKay, N. Y: Fauna, 1842, pt. 4, p. 37, pl. 60, fig. 196. “NEw York.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 163, pl. 12, fig. 3. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 825. Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1843d and 1853); Marthas Vine- wane! (0s), So INle Jala, Soe Goll). Woods§ Hole (Bean 1880! and Smith 1898); Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898). POLYNEMIDAE. 149. PotypacTyLus ocToNEMuS (Girard). Threadfin. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 830; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 128, fig. 350. Polynemus octonemus Girard, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phil., 1858, p. 167. ““Brazo; SANTIAGO; GALVESTON.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). AMMODYTIDAE. 150. AmMopyTEs puBiIus Reinhardt. Sand Launce; Lant. Reinhardt, Kong. Dansk. vid. selsk. Afh., 1838, vol. 7, p. 132. 70 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. AMMODYTIDAE., “GREENLAND.” Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1867, vol. 9, p. 281. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 832. Mass.— Boston (Giinther 1862); Woods Hole (Smith 1898). 151. AMMopyrEs AMERICANUS DeKay. Sand Launce; Lant; Sand eel. Dekay, N; Y. Fauna, 1842 pt 4) possi spl. 2 el ee Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1863, vol. 8, p. 410, pl. 33, fig. 2. Jor- dan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 833; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 129, fig. 351. Mer.— Eastport (Kendall coll. 1893); Small Point, Casco Bay (kendall coll. 1896). Mass.— Holmes Hole; Provincetown (Storer 1863); Nanr tucket (Bean 1880); North Truro; Monomoy; Menemsha Bight (Kendall coll. 1896); Gloucester (B. S. N. H., Hyatt, VanVleck and Gardiner coll.); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). Conn.— Long Island Sound; Stratford (Linsley 1844). HOLOCENTRIDAE. 152. HoLocENTRUS ASCENSIONIS (Osbeck). Squirrelfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. 5. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 849; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 131, fig. 138. Perca ascensionis Osbeck, Iter in China, 1771, p. 388, ““ AScEN- SION ISLAND.” Mass.— Katama Bay [?] (Bean 1899 and Smith? 1900). R. I— Newport (Goode 1879). PISCES. Wal TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. MULLIDAE. 153. Muuius auratus (Jordan & Gilbert). Surmullet. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 856; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 132, fig. 360. Mullus barbatus auratus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. nat. mus., 1882, vol. 5, p. 280. “PENSACOLA.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). ‘SCOMBRIDAE. 154. ScomBER scomBrRus Linné. Mackerel. imné; Syst. mats, ed. 10) 1758; yol: I) ps 2972) in, OcHANO ATLANTICO.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 866; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 123, fig. 363. Scomber vernalis Mitchill. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, WO, B Os WBA, oll iil ies, Ze Mer.— All along the coast. Boon Island Ledge (Atwood 1865); Eastport (U.S. nat. mus. 1872); Casco Bay (U.S. nat. mus. 1873; Lee 1885); Kendall coll. 1892 and 1896, 1899 and 1900); off Mount Desert, Monhegan, Casco Bay and Boone Island (Ken- dall coll. 1895). Mass.— Massachusetts Bay; Cape Cod; Nantucket; Vineyard Sound (Storer 1853); Boston Bay (B.S. N. H., Cutting coll.7; Provincetown (Atwood 1865 and Bean 1880); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Annisquam (B. S. N. H., Hyatt, Van Vleck and Cutting coll.); Gloucester (Bean 1880); off Gay Head; at Menemsha Bight; Monomoy; North Truro (Kendall coll. 1896); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899 and Pope coll.); 993 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. SCOMBRIDAE. off Block Island (Kendall coll. 1896) Sakonnet River; Newport; Block Island (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Branford; Stratford (Linsley 1844). 155. ScoMBER JAPoNIcus Houttuyn. Chub mackerel; Hardhead; Bullseye; Spanish mackerel. Houtuyn, Verhandl. Holl. maatsch. Haarlem, 1782, vol. 20, p. ool. ~~ JAPAN.” Scomber dekayi Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 130, Plies al: Scomber colias Gmelin. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 866; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 133, fig. 364. Mer.— Off Casco Bay (Bowdoin college 1893; Kendall coll. 1895); Small Point, Casco Bay (Kendall coll. 1896). Mass.— Provincetown (Storer 1853, and Bean 1880); Lynn? (Storer 1853); off Gay Head; Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1898) Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844). 156. AUxIs THAZARD (Lacépéde). Frigate mackerel. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 867; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 133, fig. 365. Scomber thazard Lacépéde, Hist. nat. poissons 1802, vol. 3, p. 9. **6° and 7° S. LATITUDE, COAST oF NEW GUINEA.” Mass.— Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). 157. GYMNOSARDA PELAMIS (Linné). Oceanic bonito; Striped bonito. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 868. PISCES. UE TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. SCOMBRIDAE. Scomber pelamis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 297. “IN PELAGO INTER TROPICOS.” Mass.— Provincetown; Vineyard Sound (Goode & Bean 1879); Chilmark (Goode 1879); Woods Hole (Bean 1880); Me- nemsha Bight (Smith 1898). 158. GYMNOSARDA ALLETERATA (Rafinesque). Little tunny; Bonito. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 869; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 134, fig. 366. Scomber alleterata Rafinesque, Caratteri di aleuni generi nuovi, 1810, p. 46. “PALERMO.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). 159. ‘THUNNUS THYNNUS (Linné). Tunny; Horse mackerel; Tuna. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. 5. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 870. Scomber thynnus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 297. “INTER TROPICOS IN PELAGO.” ; Thynnus secundo-dorsalis Storer, Mem. Amer acad., 1853, vol. 5, p- 148, pl. 12, fig. 4. Mer.— Eastport (Kendall coll. 1893). Mass.— Kettle Island; Pigeon Cape (Storer 1839); North River, Salem (Wheatland 1852); Cape Ann; Provincetown; Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1853); Milk Island; North River, Salem; beach at Beverly (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). 74 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. SCOMBRIDAE. 160. GeERMOo ALALUNGA (Gmelin). Long-finned albacore. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 871; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 134, fig. 367. Scomber alatunga [sic] Gmelin, Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, p. 1330. “SARDINIA.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). 161. Sarpa sarpA (Bloch). Bonito; Skipjack- Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 872. Scomber sarda Bloch, Nat. ausl. fische, 1793, vol. 4, p. 44, pl. 334, “EUROPE.” Pelamys sarda Cuvier. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 141, pl. 11, fig. 5. Mer.— Harpswell, Casco Bay (Bowdoin college 1890). Mass.— Holmes Hole (Storer 1839); Lynn; Nahant (Storer 1842f); Holmes Hole; Lynn (Storer 1844); Provincetown; Lynn; Marthas Vineyard (Storer 1853); Waquoit (Lyman 1872); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898); Cedar Tree Neck (Sherwood & Edwards 1901); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stonington (Linsley 1844); Noank (Bean 1880). 162. ScoMBEROMORUS MaAcULATUS (Mitchill). Spanish mackerel. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 874; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 134, fig. 368. PISCES. 75 TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. SCOMBRIDAE. Scomber maculatus Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 426, pl. 6, fig. 8. “NEw York.” Cymbium maculatum, Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 146, pl. 13, fig. 1. Mr.— Monhegan (Storer 1853). Mass.— Lynn (Storer 1842a); Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1842c); Provincetown (Storer 1853); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Vineyard Sound; Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899); Princes Neck, Newport (Tracy 1906). Conn.— Long Island Sound (Linsley 1844). 163. SCOMBEROMORUS REGALIS (Bloch). Kingfish; Cero. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 875; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 135, fig. 369. Scomber regalis Bloch, Nat. ausl. fische, 1793, vol. 4, p. 38, pl. 333. “‘MARTINIQUE.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Monomoy (Kendall coll. 1896); Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (Tracy 1906). 164. ScoOMBEROMORUS CAVALLA (Cuvier). Sierra. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 875. Cymbium cavalla Cuvier, Regne anim., ed. 2, 1829, vol. 2, p. 200. “BRAzIL.” Mass.— Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). 76 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. TRICHIURIDAE. 165. TRICHIURUS LEPTURUS Linné. Scabbardfish; Cutlassfish; Hairtail. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 246. “Ammrica; Cuina”; Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 147, pl. 12, fig. 1. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 889; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 137, fig. 375. Mer.— Monhegan (Storer 1853). Mass.— (Storer 1842); Buzzards Bay (Storer 1842f); Mass- achusetts Bay (Storer 1845); Lynn; Provincetown (Storer 1853); Wellfleet; Salem Harbor (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Goode 1879); Menemsha Bight (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). | R. I— Newport (Sherwood & Edwards 1901); Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). ISTIOPHORIDAE. 166. IsTIopHORUS NIGRICANS (Lacépéde). Sailfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 891; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 137, fig. 376. Makatra nigricans Lacépéde, Hist. nat. poissons 1802, vol. 4, p. 688. “ROCHELLE.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898). R. I— Newport (Goode 1884). 167. ‘TETRAPTERUS IMPERATOR (Bloch & Schneider). Spearfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 892. é PISCES. 10 TELEOSTOMI. ‘ ACANTHOPTERI. ISTIOPHORIDAE. Xiphias imperator Bloch & Schneider, Syst. ichth., 1801, p. 93, pl. 21. “MEDITERRANEAN.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873); Vineyard Sound; Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). XIPHIIDAE. 168. XIpPHIAS GLADIUS Linné. Swordfish. Linné, Syst. nat. ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 248. “Huropa.”’. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 149, pl. 13, fig. 2; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 894. Mer.— Off Mt. Desert (Williamson 1832); off Portland (Goode 1884); Casco Bay (B.S. N. H., Davidson coll.). Mass.— Marthas Vineyard; Gay Head; off Nantucket (Storer 1853); Woods Hole (Baird 1873); off Nomans Land (Goode 1879); Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). . R. Il.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— New Haven (Linsley 1844); Block Island; off Sakonnet Point (Tracy 1906). CARANGIDAE. 169. O1LigoPLITEs sauruSs (Bloch & Schneider). Leather Jacket. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. I, p. 898; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 138, fig. 378. Scomber saurus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. ichth., 1801, p. 321. “JAMAICA.” 78 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ; ' ACANTHOPTERI. CARANGIDAE. Mass.— Menemsha Bight; Woods Hole —— 1898). R. I— Newport (Goode 1884). 170. NatcraTEs puctor (Linné). Pilotfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 900; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 139, fig. 379. Gasterosteus ductor Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 295. “TN PELAGO.”’ Me.— Near Seguin (Bowdoin college). ' Mass.— Provincetown ? Cee 1859); Woods Hole (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stonington (Linsley 1844). 171. SerRroLta zonaTa (Mitchill). Rudderfish; Shark pilot. Storer,- Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 157, pl. 15, fig. 5. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 902; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 139, fig. 381. Scomber zonatus Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 427. “Bay or New Yor.” Mass.— Wellfleet (Storer 1844a and 1853); Provincetown (Storer 1850); Beverly; North River, Salem (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole; New Bedford (Bean 1880); Vineyard Sound Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. l— Newport (Bean 1880); Narragansett Bay (R. I. Fish Comm. 1899). Conn.— Long Island Sound (Linsley 1844). PISCES. eee) TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. CARANGIDAE. 172. SERIOLA LALANDI Cuvier & Valenciennes. Amber Jack. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. nat. poissons, 1833, vol. 9, p. 208. “Braziu.’ Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 903; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 140, fig. 382. Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). 173. SERIOLA DUMERILI (Risso). Amber Jack. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 903. Caranx dumerili Risso, Ichthyol. Nice, 1810, p. 175, pl. 6, fig. 20 or oNicE Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith & Kendall 1896 and Smith 1898). 174. DeEcapTERUS PUNCTATUS (Agassiz). Scad; Round robin; Cigarfish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 907. Caranx punctatus Agassiz, Spix Pisce. Bras., 1829, p. 108, pl. 56a fig22: ~ BRAZIL.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— East Haven (Linsley 1844). 175. DEcAPTERUS MACARELLUS (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mackerel Scad. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 909; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 140, fig. 383. Caranx macarellus Cuv. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1833, vol. 9, p. 40. “Martinique.” co) i FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. CARANGIDAE. Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Vineyard Sound (Smith 1898). R. I1— Newport (Goode 1879); Nee Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). - 176. ‘TRACHURUS TRACHURUS (Linné). Saurel. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 910; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 140, fig. 384. Scomber trachurus Linné Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 298. “In MEDITERRANEO.” R. I— Newport (Goode 1882). 177. ‘TRACHUROPS CRUMENOPTHALMUS (Bloch). Bis-eyed Scad; Goggle-eye. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 911; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 141, fig. 385 Scomber crumenopthalmus Bloch, Nat. ausl. fische, 1793, vol. 4, p- 77, pl. 343. “Acara IN GUINEA.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I1— Newport. (Bean 1880); Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). 178. CARANGUS BARTHOLOMAEI (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Yellow Jack. Caranz bartholomaei Cuy. & Val., Hist. nat. poissons, 1833, vol 9, p. 100. “Saint BarTHéiemi.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 919. Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). PISCES. 81 TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. CARANGIDAE. 179. Caraneus Hippos (Linné). Crevalle. Scomber hippos Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 494. “CAROLINA.” Caranx hippos (Linné). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47 U. S., nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 920; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 141, fig. 387. Mass.— Lynn Beach (Wheatland 1852 and Goode & Bean ~ 1879); Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I— Newport (Bean 1880). 180. Caraneaus crysos (Mitchill). Hardtail; Runner. Scomber crysos Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 424. ““New York.” Caranz chrysos Cuy. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 153, pl. 14, fig. 1. Caranx crysos (Mitchill). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896,/pt. 1, p. 921. Mass.— Boston (Storer 1843) Charleston (Storer 1853); Ipswich Bay (B. 5. N. H., Hyatt & Van Vleck coll.); Pro- vineetown; off Gloucester (Goode & Bean 1879); Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Bean 1880); Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898); Nan- tucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Newport (Bean 1880); near Saunders own, Narragansett Bay (Tracy 1906). 181. ALeEcTis ciLiARIs (Bloch). Thread fish. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 931. 82 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. CARANGIDAE. Zeus ciliaris Bloch, Nat. ausl. fische, 1787, vol. 2, p. 236, pl. 29. “East INDIES.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898). R. I.— Newport (Bean 1880); Narragansett Bay (R, I. fish comm. 1900). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844). 182. VoMER SETAPINNIS (Mitchill). Moonfish; Horsefish; Bluntnose; Shiner. Zeus setapinms Mitchill, Trans. lit. & philos. soc. N. Y., 1815, vol. 1, p. 384, pl. 1, fig. 9. “NEw York.” Argyrewsus unimaculatus Batchelder. Storer. Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 156, pl. 14, fig. 2: Vomer setipinnis (Mitchill). Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 934; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 144, fig. 392. Mz.— Saco (Batchelder 1845); Casco Bay (B.S. N. H.). Mass.— Near South Boston (Storer 1853); Danvers; North River, Salem; Gloucester (Goode & Bean 1879) [?]; Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Bean 1880); Vineyard Sound; Buzzards Bay (Smith 1898). ; R. I— Newport (Cope 1870 and Bean 1880); Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Greenwich (Linsley 1844). 183. SELENE VOMER (Linné). Moonfish; Horsehead; Lookdown. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 936; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 144, fig. 393, pl. 145, fig. 393 a. ; Zeus vomer Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10; 1758, vol. 1, p. 266. *“ AMERICA.” Argyrewosus capillaris DeKay. Storer, Mem. Amer. acad., 1853, vol. 5, p. 155, pl. 14, fig. 3. PISCES. 83 TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. CARANGIDAE. Mr.— Casco Bay (Bowdoin college 1880; U.S. nat. mus. 1887). Mass.— New Bedford (Storer 1843 and 1853); Woods Hole. (Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904) Dorchester (B.S. N. H., Hersey coll.). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). Conn.— Stratford (Linsley 1844); Long Island Sound Middle- ground (Kendall coll. 1890). 184. CHLOROSCOMBRUS CHRYSURUS (Linné). Bumper; Yellowtail. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 938; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 145, fig. 394. Scomber chrysurus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 494. “TN CAROLINA.” Mass.— Cape Cod? 185. ‘[TRACHINOTUS FALCATUS (Linné). Round pompano. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 941; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 146, fig. 396. Labrus falcatus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 284. “In AMERICA.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I.— Narragansett Bay (R. I. fish comm. 1899). 186. TRACHINOTUS GOODEI Jordan & Evermann. Permit. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 943. ‘West InpIms, NorTH To West FLorrpa.”’ Mass.— Woods Hole, young (Smith 1898). 84 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TELEOSTOMI. ACANTHOPTERI. CARANGIDAE. 187. ‘'TRACHINOTUS ARGENTEUS Cuvier & Valenciennes. Silvery pompano. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. nat. poissons, 1831, vol. 8, p. 413. “New YorkK AND Rio JANEIRO.” Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 944. Mass.— Woods Hole (Smith 1898). 188. ‘TRACHINOTUS CAROLINUS (Linné). Pompano. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 944; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 147, fig. 398. Gasterosteus carolinus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 490. “i Carorina.” Mass.— Woods Hole (Baird 1873; Bean 1880 and Smith 1898); Nantucket (Sharp & Fowler 1904). R. I— Noank (B.S. N. H., Byatt & Rathbun coll.). POMATOMIDAE. 189. PomMAToMUS SALTATRIX (Linné). Bluefish; Horse-mackerel. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U.S. nat. mus., 1896, pt. 1, p. 946; 1900, pt. 4, pl. 148, fig. 400. Perca saltairia’ Limné, Syst. nat, ed) 1051758, vol; 1p. 293: — —|—|+)/—|— S| fas] se) = | +)/—|+/—)— S| se | = 9 t= = ca es a ‘yillacg ee aL =| = Lak | Rascal te a SS | SAS fy i pot —— pees Aes mee ai aon ae oe Fe |p scly i patee hse |= | ea Diets a Spizella passerina . - . . . brewerl.. pusilla Junco hyemalis : montanus . . Melospiza melodia ... . lincolnu. lt georgiana Passerella iliaca.. : Pipilo erythrophthalmus Soler Cardinalis cardinalis . . . . Zamelodia ludoviciana . . . Guiraca caerulea, - -_ 3 = = Passertna ‘cyanea jhe) ot 2 Spiza americana Calamospiza melanocorys Piranga ludoviciana . . . . erythromelas. . . . qi Uirid [eee pees med: Pores Progne subis_. ahh Petrochelidon lunifrons Hirundo erythrogaster : Inidoprocne bicolor . . . . Riparia riparia ; : Stelgidopteryx serripennis Bombycilla garrula cedrorum. . Lanius borealis : ludovicianus . .. . migrans Vireosylva olivacea . . . . philadelphica gilva . Lanivireo flavifrons solitarius Vireo griseus . belli Mniotilta varia Protonotaria citrea Helmitheros vermivorus Helminthophila pinus chrysoptera rubricapilla celata Me. | eu) peu) AD Vt. ul eu) Mass.|R.I.|Conn. ++++|++ ++++ |) ++ i | | ++] | tt+++] 4+] ] [+4] 4) +++4+4+/ 44+] 4+ —— [salmon ste al Helminthophila peregrina Compsothlypis americana usneae . Dendroica tigrina aestiva . caerulescens coronata auduboni magnolia cerulea . pensylvanica striata blackburniae . castanea dominica virens vigorsil . joalvinenHunin 6 gS ee hypochrysea discolor ia Rati Aah es Selurus aurocapillus Seiurus noveboracensis : notabilis motacilla Oporornis formosa . ASTIS Ol: philadelphia Geothlypis trichas . Icteria virens Wilsonia citrina . pusilla . canadensis Setophaga ruticilla . Anthus rubescens Mimus polyglottos . Dumetella carolinensis ‘Toxostoma rufum Thryothorus ludovicianus Thryomanes bewickii . ‘Troglodytes aedon . Nannus hiemalis Cistothorus stellaris ‘Telmatodytes palustris Certhia familiaris americana Sitta carolinensis L | se lore N.H.| Vt |Mass. R. I./Conn. iain 4) 46 ewes = ==) Ae Heats gS (gee ee 1a) = /|— | 2b P| — SS) || eee pe | eee = A | —— — | aan ? ee a sie eae Ey eal He =| = + |—|] — S| a} | ee PG oe ea paw — Lk: aE eee) eee + — — ee eres — = = ee ieee + went a 7 a ete |e ee Saya ee + —— es 4 ? {=| + || — 2}—|4+] + —/—|+/—) +) | | ar | elle rs ar Bile ++4++4++ Sitta canadensis Baeolophus bicolor Penthestes atricapillus hudsonicus Regulus satrapa calendula . Polioptila caerulea . Hylocichla mustelina . fuscescens . salicicola . aliciae nicencll i ustulata swainsonii . guttata pallasi Planesticus migratorius Ixoreus naeyius . Sialia sialis 10 .|N.H.| Vt. Celene ees i ee | a hate ee eae su) ae Mass.|R. I.|Conn. _ +++t++ |] 4+] 44+4+4+4+ | 4+ AVES. PYGOPODES. COLYMBI COLYMBIDAE. 1. CoLYMBUS HOLBOELLI (Reinhardt) Ridgway. Holboell’s grebe; Red-necked grebe. Podiceps holbélliw Reinh., Vidensk. meddel. naturh. forh. Kjoben- haven for 1853, 1854, p. 76. “GRONLAND....JULIANEHAABS DIsTRIKT.”’ Podiceps rubricollis Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, Svolev() prol2 pl 480, Fresh and salt water; nests among rushes in sloughs. Mr.— Uncommon winter resident coastwise. Sept.—April 24. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and coastwise winter resident. Oct._May (June). Vr.— Rare migrant: Middlebury; Wells River; Windsor, spring. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident, mainly coastwise. (Sept.) Oct. 10-May 24. R. I— Uncommon winter resident coastwise. Oct. 23—-May 2. Conn.— Uncommon winter resident coastwise. Oct. 19-spring. 2. CoLYMBUS AURITUS Linné. Horned grebe; Devil diver; Hell diver; Little diver; Tinker; Tinker loon. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 135. “In sumMis Europar & AMERICA LACUBUS.” Podiceps cornutus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 316, pl. 481. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 3. Salt and fresh water; nests among rushes in marshes. OCC. PAPERS B.S.N.H. 1909. VOL. 7. DZ FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PYGOPODES. COLYMBI. COLYMBIDAE. Mer.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise; rare winter, and in northeastern part, rare summer resident. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident, mainly coast- wise. Oct—April. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coastwise. Oct. 1-May 6 (June 1, Springfield). R. I.— Common winter resident coastwise. Oct. 23—April 24 (May). Conn.— Common winter resident coastwise; accidental in summer (Melrose, July 26, 1882). Sept—May (July 26). 3. PoDILYMBUS PODICEPS (Linné) Lawrence. Pied-billed grebe; Dabchick; Devil diver; Diedapper; Dipper; Frog-in-throat; Hell diver; Water witch. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 57; Buird- life, 1898, pl. 2. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 5. Colymbus podiceps Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 136. “tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Freshwater rivers, ponds, swamps; nests among reeds in swamps. Mr.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise; less common summer resident. April-May 19; summer; Sept. 1—-Noy. 13 (late Noy.). Eggs, June 6. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident. Mar.— Noy. Vr.— Rare summer resident. Spring—Oct. 19. Mass.— Rare spring, common fall migrant, and uncommon local summer resident; accidental in winter. (Feb.) Mar. 1—Dec. 10. Eggs, April 23—June 28. R. I— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. April—Oct. 22. Eggs, June 6. Conn.— Common migrant, mainly in fall, and rare summer resident. April-summer; Sept.Nov. (Dec. 25, 1908, South Norwalk). AVES. 3 PYGOPODES. CEPPHI. GAVIIDAE. 4. Gavia IMMER (Briinnich) A. O. U. comm. Loon; Big loon; Call-up-a-storm; Great northern diver. Colymbus immer Briinn., Ornith. borealis, 1764, p. 38. “E FAEROA.” Urinator wmber (Gunnerus). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 58; Bird-hfe, 1898, pl. 3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 2. Salt and fresh water; nests on shores of lakes. Me., N. H.— Common migrant, less common winter and sum- mer resident. Eggs, June 11-19 (July). Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coast- wise; rare summer resident inland (formerly Springfield); a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. R. I— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Sept. 15-May 28; summer. Conn.— Common winter resident coastwise; formerly a rare summer resident (Easthampton). Oct.—April 29. 5. Gavia arctica (Linné) Allen. Black-throated loon or diver. Colymbus arcticus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 135. “I~ Europa & AMERICA BOREALI.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 295, pl. 477. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 78, pl. 21, ites The Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare winter visitor: China, Kennebec Co., April 19, 1899; Cutler, Dec. 8, 1881. ‘Mass.— Doubtfully recorded. Conn.— Doubtfully recorded (? near Southbridge, Mass.). 4 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PYGOPODES. CHPPHI. GAVIIDAE. 6. GAVIA STELLATA (Pontoppidan) A. O. U. comm. Red-throated loon; Cape-race; Little loon; Red-throated diver; Scape-grace. Colymbus stellatus Pontopp., Danske atlas, 1763, vol. 1, p. 621. (Based on Willughby.) Colymbus septentrionalis Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 299, pl. 478. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 78, pl. 21, fig. 2. Salt water mainly, sometimes on lakes; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.—Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coastwise. (Aug. 16) Sept. 22—(June 22). Vr — Rare migrant. Nov. 1. Mass.— Uncommon spring, common fall migrant and winter resident, mainly coastwise; casual in summer. Aug. 27—April 8 (July 2). R. I— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Oct.1—April 27 (summer). Conn.— Common winter resident, coastwise. Oct.—May. ALCIDAE. ad 7. LUNDA CIRRHATA (Pallas) Pallas. Tufted puffin. Alca cirrhata Pallas, Spic. zool., 1769, fase. 5, p. 7, pl. 1; pl. 2, figs. 1-3. “rin Mart inter KamMTscHATKAM ET AMERICAM ARCHI- PELAGUMGUE KURILUM.” . Mormon cirrhatus Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 234, pl. 462. Rocky sea coasts; nests in burrows. Mr.— Accidental visitor: mouth of Kennebec River, winter of 1831-32. AVES. 5 PYGOPODES. CEPPHI ALCIDAH. 8. FRATERCULA ARCTICA (Linné) Schiffer. Puffin; Paroqueet; Sea parrot. Alca arctica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 130. “IN EUROPAE BOREALIS OCEANO.”’ Mormon arcticus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 238, pl. 464. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 6: Rocky seacoasts; nests in burrows. Mer.— Common winter resident coastwise, and rare summer resident (Matinicus Rock and Machias Seal Island). N. H.— Uncommon winter visitor (at Isles of Shoals). Mass.— Uncommon winter visitor coastwise. Oct. 16—March. R. I.— Doubtfully reported. 9. CEPPHUS GRYLLE (Linné) Brehm. Black guillemot; Pigeon murre; Sea pigeon. Alca grylle Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 1380. “IN EUROPAE BOREALIS OCEANO.” Uria grylle (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 272, pl. 474. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 24, figs. 7, 8. Rocky seacoasts; nests in deep crevices of rocks. Mer.— Common winter resident coastwise; less common summer -resident from Knox Co. eastward. Eggs, June 15-23. N. H.— Uncommon winter visitor coastwise. Mass.— Uncommon winter visitor coastwise. Sept.April 19 (May). R. I.— Rare winter visitor. Nov. 18—April. Conn.— Rare winter visitor coastwise: Stony Creek, Dec., 1887. 6 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PYGOPODES. CEPPHI. ALCIDAE. 10. Urta TROILE (Linné) Latham. Murre; Foolish guillemot; Guillemot. Coues, Key No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 1082, figs. 742, 743. Colymbus troille (sic) Linné, Fauna Suec., ed. 2, 1761, p. 52. “IN ALTO MARI SEPTENTRIONALI.” Alca troile (Linné). Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 8, pl. [621]. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 9; pl. 25, fig. 1-3. Rocky seacoasts; nests on sea cliffs. Me.— Rare winter visitor: Eastport, Dec. 27, 1886; Scarbor- ough. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Rare winter visitor: “Massachusetts” (Society collec- tion). R. I.— Doubtfully recorded. Conn.—? Rare winter visitor (Merriam, probably in error for U. lomvia). 11. Urta tomvia (Linné) Bryant. Briinnich’s murre; Briinnich’s guillemot; Ice-bird; Large-billed guillemot; Sea crow. ee Alca lomvia Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 130. “IN EvRoPA BOREALI.” Uria brunnichii Sabine. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 265, pl. 472. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 94, pl. 26, figs. 5, 6. Rocky seacoasts; nests on sea cliffs. Me.— Common winter visitor coastwise, casual inland; a doubt- ful breeding record (Penobscot Bay, M. Hardy). Nov. 23—Mar. N. H.— Irregular winter visitor coastwise; occasional inland. Nov. 25—Mar. AVES. i PYGOPODES. CEPPHI. ALCIDAE. Vr.— Irregular winter visitor. Nov.—Jan. Mass.— Uncommon, irregular winter visitor coastwise; occa- sional inland. Nov. 21—Mar. 14 (April 15). R. I.—Uncommon and irregular winter visitor. Noy. 15- Feb. 23. Conn.— Irregular winter visitor, sometimes common. Noy. 18- Feb. 16. 12. Aca TorDA Linné. Razor-billed auk; Razor-bill; Tinker murre; Turre. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 130. “in EvRopar BOREALIS OCEANO.”’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 247, pl. 466. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 25, fig. 4-6. Rocky seacoasts; nests in rock crevices. Mer.— Common winter visitor coastwise; said to have nested formerly. N. H.— Uncommon winter visitor coastwise. Nov.—Mar. Mass.— Uncommon winter visitor coastwise. Nov. 1—April 15. R. I.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Nov. 15—Feb. 4. Conn.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. 13. PLauTUSs IMPENNIS (Linné) Steenstrup. Great auk; Garefowl. Alca impennis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 130. “IN Europa arctica.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 245, pl. 465. Egg, S. Grieve, Great Auk, or Garefowl, London, 1885, pls. 1, 2 (opp. pp. 108, 109). Formerly a coastwise species, breeding at Funk Id., near New- foundland, and at a few places on the European coast; last spec- imen killed in 1844. 8 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PYGOPODES. CEPPHI. ALCIDAE. Me., N. H., Mass.— Formerly a winter visitor coastwise. R. L, Conn.— Probably occurred formerly as a winter visito1 coastwise (bones in shell heaps at Block Id., R. I.). 14. ALLE ALLE (Linné) Stejneger. - Dovekie; Ice-bird; Knotty; Little auk; Pine-knotty; Rotche; Sea dove. Alca alle Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 131. “IN EvRopar, AMERICAE ARCTICAE OCEANO.” Mergulus alle Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 257, pl. 469. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 95, pl. 26, fig. 3. Rocky coasts; nests on ledges or in crevices of sea cliffs. Mer.— Uncommon winter visitor coastwise, casual inland; Late Noy.—Mar. 15. N. H.— Uncommon winter visitor coastwise; casual inland. Vt.— Accidental winter visitor. Mass.— Uncommon winter visitor, coastwise; casual inland. (Sept.) Nov. 4-May 1. R. I— Rare and irregular winter visitor coastwise; casual in- land. Noy. 14-April 27. Conn.— Rare and irregular winter visitor coastwise; casual inland. (Sept.) Nov. 10. LONGIPENNES. STERCORARIIDAE. 15. MecaLestris sku (Briinnich) Ridgway. Skua; Great Skua; Sea-hen. Catharacta skua Briinn., Ornith. borealis, 1764, p. 33. “5 Freroa & IsLanpra.” Megalestris catarrhactes (Linné). Saunders, Cat. birds Brit- ish mus., 1896, vol. 25, p. 315. AVES. 9 LONGIPENNES. STERCORARIIDAE. Stercorarius catarrhactes (Linné). Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 8, pl. [609]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 118, pl. 37, figs. 3, 4. Pelagic; nests on rocky cliffs or tundras. Mass.— Rare visitor offshore: Georges Banks, July, 1878; Nantucket Shoals, Oct. 11, 1883; Polluck Rip, Sept. 10, 1884. 16. STERCORARIUS POMARINUS (Temminck) Vieillot. Pomarine jaeger. Lestris pomarinus 'Temm., Man. d’ornith., 1815, p. 514. “Es REGIONS DU CERCLE ARCTIQUE.”’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 186, pl. 451. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 116, pl. 37, fig. 6. Largely marine; nests on the ground. Mr.— Uncommon migrant, casualin summer. May; (June 23, 24); July 14late Oct. Mass.— Uncommon migrant, occasional in summer. May 23; July 5-Sept. 28. R. I.— Uncommon migrant offshore, mainly in fall. Oct. 17. STERCORARIUS PARASITICUS (Linné) Schiffer. Parasitic jaeger; Gull chaser; Marlinspike; Richardson’s jaeger; Robber gull; Sea hen. Larus parasiticus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 136. “INTRA TROPICUM CANCRI, EuRoPAE, AMERICAE, ASIAE.” Lestris richardsonii Swains. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 190, pl. 452. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 116, pl. 37, figs. 1, 2. Largely marine; nests on the ground. Me.— Uncommon migrant offshore; casual in summer. May-— June; (July) Aug.—Oct. 10 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LONGIPENNES. STERCORARIIDAE. N. H.— Uncommon migrant offshore. Sept. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and summer visitor offshore; rare in winter. May 31—-Oct. 14 (Jan., Feb.). R. I.— Rare migrant offshore: Charlestown Beach, three, Sept. 2, 1897. Conn. 1875. Rare migrant offshore: Bridgeport; Portland, fall, 18. STERCORARIUS LONGICAUDUS Vieillot. Long-tailed jaeger; Buffon’s jaeger or skua; Marlinspike; Whiptail. Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1819, vol. 32, p. 157. “LE NoRD DE L’ EUROPE, DE L’ASIE ET DE L’AMERIQUE.”’ Lestris parasiticus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 192, pl. 453. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 117, pl. 37, fig. 5. Largely marine; nests on the ground. Me.— Rare migrant offshore. Vr.— Accidental migrant: West Castleton, Sept. 7, 1877. Mass.— Rare migrant. Spring; Aug. 24-Sept. 29. Conn.— Rare or accidental visitor: Community Lake, Walling- ford, Aug. 30, 1873. LARIDAE. 19. PaGoPHILA ALBA (Gunnerus) Coues. Ivory gull. Larus albus Gunn., in Leem’s Beskriv. Finmark. Lapp., 1767, p- 285 (note). NorTHERN Norway. ~ Larus eburneus Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7 p. 150, pl. 445. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 115, pl. 32, fig. 3. Arctic seas, following the pack ice; nests on rocky cliffs. AVES. ite LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. Me.— The Boardman record refers to a New Brunswick speci- men. Mass.— Accidental winter visitor: Monomoy Id., Dec. 1, 1886. 20. Rissa TRIDACTYLA (Linné) Bonaparte. Kittiwake; Frost-bird; Jack gull; Meterick; Pinny owl or Pinyole; Snow gull; Winter gull. Larus tridactylus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 136. “IN EUROPA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 146, pl. 444. Egg, Samuels, Ornith. and ool. N. E., 1867, pl. 4, fig. 3. Maritime; nests on sea cliffs. Mer.— Common fall and winter visitor offshore; casual inland, and in summer. Noy.—April (June; July 11, 1903, Jericho Bay, _barren bird; July 14, 1907, off Portland). N. H.— Common fall and winter visitor offshore. Noy. 1- spring. Vr.— Rare winter visitor: Enosburg Falls, Nov. 12, 1906; St. Albans; St. Johnsbury. Mass.— Common fall and winter visitor offshore, casual inland. Sept. 6—Mar. 10. R. I.— Common fall and winter visitor offshore. Noy.—Mar. 23. Conn.— Uncommon fall and winter visitor offshore. Fall— April 14. 21. LARUS HYPERBOREUS Gunnerus. Glaucous gull; Burgomaster; Owl gull; White minister. Gunnerus, in Leem’s Beskriv. Finmark. Lapp., 1767, p. 226 -(note), p. 283 (note). No locality. Larus glaucus Briinn. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 170, pl. 449. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 112, pl. 32, figs. 4, 5. Seacoasts; nests on cliffs. {2 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. Me.— Rare winter visitor. Late Nov.—Apmil 27. N. H.— Rare winter visitor: Hampton, about Feb. 20, 1886, and in May. Vr.— Doubitfully recorded. Mass.— Rare winter visitor. Nov. 29-April 23 (May 26, 1907, Ipswich). R. I.— Rare winier visitor: Newport, Mar. 12, 1900 (three): Dec. 1901. 22. LarUsS LEUCOPTERUS Faber. Iceland gull; White-winged gull. Faber, Prodr. Isl. ornith., 1822, p. 91. “Im WINTER....NACH IstanpD.” Saunders, Cat. birds British mus., 1896, vol. 25, p. 296. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, pl. 447. Egg, Seebohm 1896, p. 113, pl. 33, fig. 3. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Me.— Rare winter visitor. Nov.—April. Mass.— Rare winter visitor. Noy. 4—-Mar. 20. Conn.— Rare winter visitor: Stamford, Feb. 16, 1894. 23. LARUS KUMLIENI Brewster. Kumlien’s gull; Lesser glaucous-winged gull. Brewst., Bull. Nuttall ornith. club, 1883, vol. 8, p. 216. ““Cum- BERLAND SOUND, Arctic America.” Dwight, Auk, 1906, vol. 23, p- 36-41, pl. 1, figs. Coastwise; breeds on Arctic coasts. Mer.— Probably occasional winter visitor: near Eastport (may have been N. B.); “‘seen” in Portland Harbor and at Scarborough. Mass.— Rare winter visitor: Boston Harbor, Feb. 22, 1905; AVES. es LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. Plymouth, Jan. 5, 1888 (Dwight, immature); Boston and Swamp- scott, two or more, Dec. 29, 1907—Mar. 13, 1908. Conn.— Rare winter visitor: Stamford, Feb. 16, 1894 (Dwight, immature). 24, LARUS MARINUS Linné. Great black-backed gull; Black-back; Black minister; Coffin carrier; Ghost-bird; Minister; Saddle-back. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 136. “in Europa.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 172, pl. 450. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 22, figs. 2, 3. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant and winter resident; casual summer visitor. Sept. 21—-April (summer). . N. H.— Common winter resident coastwise. Oct. 15-spring. Mass.— Common winter resident coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer. Late Aug.—May 1 (summer). R. I— Common winter resident coastwise. Aug. 26—April 23. Conn.— Uncommon winter resident coastwise. Fall—Mar. 25. LARUS ARGENTATUS Pontoppidan. Herring gull; Gray gull; Sea gull; Winter gull. Pontopp., Danske atlas, 1763, vol. 1, p. 622. No locality. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 163, pl. 448. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 22, fig. 4-6. Seacoasts, large rivers and lakes; nests on the ground or rarely in trees. Me.— Abundant resident, breeding mainly on outer islands, rarely on inland lakes. Eggs, (May 14) June 12-July 18 (Aug. 19). 14 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. N. H— Common migrant and winter resident; less common summer visitor coastwise. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident (Lake Champlain). Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident, less common summer visitor coastwise; not now known to breed (nested at Wepecket Id., 1882, Mackay). R. I—Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coast- wise; a few non-breeding birds summer. Sept. 10—May 22; summer. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coast- wise; a few non-breeding birds summer. Oct—May; summer. 26. LARUS DELAWARENSIS.Ord. Ring-billed gull. Ord, Guthrie’s Geogr., hist., and commercial grammar, 2d Amer. ed., 1815, vol. 2, p. 319. “on THE DELAWARE BELOW PHILADELPHIA.” Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 73. Larus zonorhynchus Richardson. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 152, pl. 446. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mer., N. H.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident coastwise. Mar.—April; Oct—Nov. (winter). Mass.— Uncommon migrant coastwise. Spring; July 17- Oct. 30. R. I— Uncommon migrant and winter resident. Nov.—April. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident. AVES. 15 LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. 27. LARUS ATRICILLA Linné. Laughing gull; Black-headed gull; Black-poll. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 136. “America.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 136, pl. 443. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 23, fig. 1-3. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare summer resident (Metinic Green Id., Western Egg Rock). (Late April)-Sept. Eggs, June 30—July 5. Vr.— Rare visitor: Bristol, May, 1883; St. Albans. Mass.— Uncommon summer resident south of Cape Cod (Mus- keget Id.; formerly at Egg Rock, Nahant); elsewhere a rare visitor. May 7—Oct. 1 (late Nov.). Eggs, June 7—July 10. R. I.— Rare summer visitor: Seakonnet Point, Sept., 1884; Sea- konnet Point, Aug. 24, 1903. Conn.— Rare summer visitor; may breed rarely. 28. LARUS PHILADELPHIA (Ord) Gray. Bonaparte’s gull. Sterna philadelphia Ord, Guthrie’s Geogr., hist., and commer- cial grammar, 2d Amer. ed., 1815, vol. 2, p. 319. No locality; probably PHILADELPHIA. Larus bonapartw Richardson. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 131, pl. 442. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 106, pl. 36, fig. 7. Salt and fresh water; nests on stumps or in low trees. Mer.— Common migrant, rare in winter. April-June 20; July 25-Nov. 20 (winter). N. H.— Common migrant and rare winter resident coastwise. May; Aug. 3—Oct. 20 (winter). Vr.— Rare migrant; ? “summer resident.” Mass.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise, and rare winter resident. Mar. 10—June 3; July 24—Nov. 25 (winter). 16 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. R. I.— Common migrant and uncommon winter resident. Aug. 5-May 22. , Conn.— Common migrant, mainly in fall. Aug. 1-Nov.; (win- ter ?)—Apmil 21. 29. XEMA SABINII (Sabine) Leach. Sabine’s gull; Fork-tailed gull. Larus sabini J. Sab., Trans. Linn. soc. London, 1818, vol. 12, p- 520, pl. 29. “‘wresr coAsT OF GREENLAND....LATITUDE 75° 29’ N., AND LONGITUDE 60° 9’ W.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 127, pl. 441. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 105, pl. 36, fig. 8. Arctic seas and coasts; nests on the ground. Mer.— Accidental visitor: Brothers Id., near Portland, Sept. 22, 1899; Scarborough, May 31, 1877; (nec Calais, 1878). Mass.— Accidental visitor: Boston Harbor, Sept. 27, 1874; Cape Cod, 1888; North Truro, Aug. 21, 1889. R. I.— Doubtfully recorded. 30. GELOCHELIDON NILoTICA (Hasselquist) Stejneger. Gull-billed tern; Marsh tern. Sterna nilotica Hasselq., Reise nach Pal., deutsch. ausg., 1762, p. 325. [Nive River, Eeyrr]. Sterna anglica Montagu. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 81, pl. 480. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 99, pl. 31, figs. 6, 8. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental visitor, several instances. March; May 21; Sept. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Ipswich, Sept. 1871. R. I.— Doubtfully recorded. AVES. 17 LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. 31. STERNA CASPIA Pallas. Caspian tern; Squawker. Pallas, Nov. comm. petrop., 1770, vol. 14, pt. 1, p. 582, pl. 22, fig. 2. “MARE CASPIUM ET CIRCA ostTiuM Iaicr.” Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 8, pl. [584]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 100, joll, Sul, riley 2. Sterna tschegrava Lepech. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 79, fig. 61, a. Seacoasts and lakes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare migrant. May 11; Aug.—Sept. (Oct. 16). N. H.— Rare migrant: Hampton, 1899. Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Early May; Aug. 8—Sept. 26. R. I.— Rare migrant. May 10; July 27-Oct. 32. STFERNA MAXIMA Boddaert. Royal tern; Cayenne tern. Bodd., Tabl. d. planch. enlum. @hist. nat., 1783, p. 58. Based on Buffon: “CayENNE.” Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 79, fig. 61, b. Sterna cayana Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 76, pl. 429. Seacoasts and lagoons; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Chatham, July 29, 1889; Ipswich, July 17, 1904; Nantucket, July 1, 1874. 33. STERNA SANDVICENSIS ACUFLAVIDA (Cabot) Ridgway. Cabot’s tern. Sterna acuflavida Cabot, Proc. Boston soc. nat. hist., 1847, vol. 2, p. 257. “TANCAH, ON THE Coast OF YUCATAN.” 18 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. Sterna cantiaca Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 87, pl. 431. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Chatham, Aug., 1865; Monomoy Id., Oct. 2, 1888. 34. STERNA FORSTERI Nuttall. Forster’s tern. Nutt., Manual ornith. U. S. and Canada, 1834, vol. 2, p. 274. Based on Forster: “CHURCHILL River,’ Hupson Bay. Saunders, Cat. birds British mus., 1896, vol. 25, p. 47. Sterna havellii Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 103, pl. 434. Marshes and sea coasts; nests in grassy marshes. Mass.— Rare fall migrant. Aug—Oct. 2. 35. STERNA HIRUNDO Linné. Common tern; Mackerel gull; Medrake or Medrick; Red- shank; Sea swallow; Summer gull; Wilson’s tern. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p.137. “Europa.” Chap- man, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 81, fig. 61, c; Audu- bon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 97, pl. 433. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 23, figs. 4, 5. Seacoasts; nests on sandy or pebbly shores. Mer.— Abundant summer resident coastwise. May 3-Sept. 2 (late Sept.). Eggs, late May—Aug. 19. N. H.— Common migrant coastwise, casual inland; formerly summer resident at Isles of Shoals. May; Aug.—Sept. Vr.— Rare visitor: Bennington, May 30, 1907; St. Albans. AVES. 19 LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. Mass.— Locally common summer resident coastwise, casual inland; accidental in winter (Woods Hole, Jan. 17, 1894, Feb. 20, 1891). May 1—Oct. 30 (Nov. 14, winter). Eggs, May 20- July 30. R. I— Common summer resident coastwise. May 10—Oct. 6. Eggs, June 5—July 11. Conn.— Common local summer resident coastwise. Eggs, June 20. 36. STERNA PARADISAEA Briinnich. Arctic tern. Briinn., Ornith. borealis, 1764, p. 46. “‘CHRISTIANSGE,” DEN- MARK. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 82, fig. Gla: Sterna arctica Temm. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 107, pl. 486. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 23, fig. 6-8. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common summer resident coastwise. May—Sept. Eggs, June 28. Mass.— Uncommon local summer resident coastwise; occa- sional inland. May—Oct. Conn.— Migrant. 37. STERNA DOUGALLI Montagu. Roseate tern; Mackerel gull. Montagu, Ornith. dict., suppl., 1813, p. [386], 1 pl. “west HIGHLANDS OF ScoTLAND.”’ Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 83, fig. 61, e; Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 8, pl. [581]. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 23, fig. 9-11. Seacoasts; nests on sandy or pebbly shores. 20 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. Mer.— Rare summer visitor coastwise; not certainly known to breed. May—Aug. 31. N. H.— Formerly rare summer resident at Isles of Shoals. Mass.— Locally common summer resident coastwise. May 1- Oct. 4. Eggs, May 20—July 30. R. I—Common migrant and summer visitor; not known to nest. May-—Oct. Conn.— Common migrant and local summer resident. Eggs, June 20. 38. STERNA ANTILLARUM (Lesson) Coues. Least tern; Little striker; Oyt. Sternula antillarum Less., Descr. mamm. et. ois., 1847, p. 256. “ANTILLES... . PRINCIPALEMENT GUADELOUPE.” Sterna minuta Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 119, pl. 489. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 23, fig. 12-14. Seacoasts and lakes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Formerly rare summer resident in Casco Bay. N. H.— Rare migrant: Hampton. Mass.— Uncommon summer resident, from Cape Cod south (formerly at Ipswich); elsewhere now casual. (April 27) May 4— Oct. Eggs, May 31—June 29. R. I.— Now rare but formerly a more common summer visitor coastwise. —Aug. 20. Conn.— Rare migrant and summer visitor, formerly common. ©9. STERNA FUSCATA Linné. Sooty tern; Egg-bird. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 228. “in Insuna DoMINICENSI.” AVES. 21 LONGIPENNES. LARIDAE. Sterna fuliginosa Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 90, pl. 482. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 104, pl. 30, fig. 4-6. Seacoasts; nests on sandy shores. Me.— Accidental visitor: Parkman, Oct. 5, 1878. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Newmarket, about Sept. 14, 1878; (nec Lake Winnepesaukee). Vr.— Accidental visitor; Lake Champlain, early Sept. 1876; Rutland, 1876. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Chatham, Sept. 1877; Lawrence, Oct. 29, 1876; Williamstown, Sept. 1876. R. I.— Accidental visitor: (?) Newport, 1877; Point Judith, Sept. 1876; Woonsocket, July 16, 1897. Conn.— Accidental visitor. Sept. 40. HypROCHELIDON NIGRA SURINAMENSIS (Gmelin) Stejneger. Black tern. Sterna surinamensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 604. “SURINAM. ” Sterna nigra Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 116, pl. 438. Fresh and salt water; nests in fresh marshes. Me.— Rare fall migrant. Aug. 14-28. N. H.—Uncommon migrant, mainly coastwise. June 10; Aug. 24-Sept. 30. Vr.— Rare migrant: Lake Bomoseen, June 6, 1883. Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon early fall migrant. June 7-10; (July 11) Aug. 8-Sept. 26. R. I.— Uncommon migrant, mainly in fall, coastwise. Spring; July 30-Sept. 18. Conn.— Uncommon migrant coastwise, mainly in fall. Aug. 24. FADE FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LONGIPENNES. RYNCHOPIDAE. 41. Ryncnops nierA Linné. Black skimmer; Cut-water; Scissor-bill; Sea-crow; Sea-dog; Razor-bill. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 138. “America. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 67, pl. 428. Seacoasts; nests on sandy shores. Me.— Accidental visitor: Matinicus Id.; off Saco, Aug. 31, 1879; Washington Co.; Wells Bay. Mass.— Occasional summer visitor coastwise, said to have bred about 1830 at Muskeget Id.; casual inland (Springfield). July 16—Aug. 19. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Stonington (Linsley). TUBINARES. PROCELLARIIDAE. 42. FULMARUS GLACIALIS (Linné) Stephens. Fulmar; Marbleheader; Noddy; Oil-bird. Procellaria glacialis Linné, Fauna Suec., ed. 2, 1761, p. 51. ‘‘IN MARI SEPTENTR. INTRA CIRCULUM ARCTICUM.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 204, pl. 455. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 73, pl. 20, fig. 5. Mainly pelagic; nests in shallow burrows or on cliffs. Mr.— Rare winter visitor offshore: “‘coast of Maine,’ March, 1879. Mass.— Rare fall and winter visitor offshore: Georges Bank. Oct. 28—winter. AVES. 23 TUBINARES. PROCELLARIIDAE. 43. PUFFINUS BOREALIS Cory. Cory’s shearwater. Cory, Bull. Nuttall ornith. club, 1881, vol. 6, p. 84. “NEAR CHATHAM ISLAND, CAPE Cop, Mass.” Pelagic; nest unknown. Mass.— Uncommon summer and fall visitor offshore. Aug. 2- Nov. R. I— Uncommon summer and fall visitor offshore. Aug. 15- Oct. 26. 44. PuFrFINUS GRAVIS (O’Reilly) Salvin. Greater shearwater; Hag; Hagdon. Procellaria gravis O'Reilly, Greenland, adjacent seas, and northwest pass., 1818, p. 140, pl. 12, fig. 1. “LatrrupE or CapPE FAREWELL AND STATEN Hook,” GREENLAND. Puffinus cinereus Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 212, pl. 456. Pelagic; nest and eggs unknown. Mr.— Common summer visitor offshore. Aug. 10. N. H.— Summer visitor offshore: Portsmouth. Mass.— Common summer and fall visitor offshore; casual inland (Dover). May 26—Nov. (? Dec. 31). R. I— Uncommon summer and fall visitor offshore. Conn.— Uncommon summer and fall visitor offshore. 45. PUFrFINUS GRISEUS (Gmelin) Finsch. Sooty shearwater; Black hag or hagdon. Godman, Monogr. petrels, 1908, pt. 2, p. 145, pl. 58. Procellaria grisea Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 564. “IN HEMISPHAERIO AUSTRALI, INTER 35° & 50°.” Pelagic; nests in burrows on sea islands. 24 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. TUBINARES. a PROCELLARIIDAE. Me.— Common summer visitor offshore. May—summer. Mass.— Common summer and fall visitor offshore. (Mar.) July 4-Oct. R. I— Uncommon summer visitor offshore. (Mar. 28) May-— Sept. 46. AESTRELATA HASITATA (Kuhl) Coues. Black-capped petrel; Diablotin. Procellaria hasitata Kuhl, Beitr. z. zool., 1820, pt. 2, p. 142. No locality. Oestrelata haesitata (Kuhl). Godman, Monogr. petrels, 1908, pt. 3, p. 184, pl. 49. Mainly pelagic; nests in burrows on islands. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Pittsfield, about Aug. 30, 1893. Vr.— Accidental visitor: last of August, 1893 (place unknown). 47. DapTIoN CAPENSIS (Linné) Stephens. Pintado petrel; Cape pigeon. Salvin, Cat. birds British mus., 1896, vol. 25, p. 428. Gould, Birds of Australia, 1848, vol. 7, pl. 53. Procellaria capensis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 132. “ap Cap[ITEM] B[ONAE] SPEI.” Pelagic; nests in burrows on islands of southern hemisphere. Me.— Accidental visitor: Lake Mooseluckmeguntic, Sept. 1872 (nec Harpswell). 48. OCcCEANODROMA LEUCORHOA (Vieillot) Stejneger. Leach’s petrel; Carey chicken; Mother Carey’s chicken. Procellaria leucorhoa Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1817, vol. 25, p. 422. “LES BORDS MARITIMES DE LA PICARDIE,” FRANCE. AVES. D5) TUBINARES. PROCELLARIIDAE. Thalassidroma leachii ‘Temm. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 219, pl. 459. ‘Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 24, fig. 1. Pelagic; nests in colonies on islands, in burrows. Mzx.— Abundant summer resident on outer islands from Casco Bay north. May-—Oct. 21. Eggs, June 10-Aug. 19. N. H.— Common migrant offshore; occasional inland in fall. Spring—Nov. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Lake Champlain. Mass.— Common migrant offshore; casual inland in fall. June 21; Sept. 1-Nov. 25. R. I— Uncommon migrant offshore. June 9; Aug. 29—Oct. 14. Conn.— Uncommon migrant offshore, casual inland. Oct. 27. 49. OCEANITES ocEANICUS (Kuhl) Lichtenstein. Wilson’s petrel; Mother Carey’s chicken. Procellaria oceanica Kuhl, Beitr. z. zool., 1820, pt. 2, p. 136, pl. 10, fig. 1. No locality given. | Thalassidroma wilsoni: Bonap. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 223, pl. 460. Pelagic; nests within Antarctic circle, in burrows. Me.— Common summer visitor offshore; casual inland (near Augusta). June-Sept. 17. N. H.— Common summer visitor offshore. Vr.— Accidental visitor: St. Albans (may have been O. leu- corhoa). Mass.— Common summer visitor offshore. June 17—Sept. 23. R. I— Common summer visitor offshore. July—Aug. Conn.— Uncommon summer visitor offshore. 26 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. STEGANOPODES. SULIDAE. 50. SULA LEUCOGASTRA (Boddaert) Sclater & Salvin. Booby; Booby gannet. Pelecanus leucogaster Bodd., ‘Tabl. d. planch. enlum. dhist. nat., 1783, p. 57. Based on Buffon. Sula fusca Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 57, pl. 426. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Cape Cod, about Sept. 17, 1878 (nec Essex Co.). Conn.— Linsley’s record (Guilford) said to refer to S. bassana. 51. SULA BASSANA (Linné) Bole. Gannet; Solan goose; White gannet. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 44, pl. 425. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 69, pl. 19, fig. 4. Pelecanus bassanus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 133. “tw Scotia, AMERICA.” Coastwise; nests in colonies on a few rocky islets of North Atlantic. Me., N. H.—Uncommon migrant. April-May; Sept.—Oct. 9. Mass.— Common migrant offshore. Mar. 26—June 7; Aug. 3- Dee 2ie R. I.— Uncommon migrant offshore. April-May 16; Sept. 10- Oct. 26. Conn.— Rare migrant offshore. AVES. al STEGANOPODES. PHALACROCORACIDAE. 52. PHALACROCORAX CARBO (Linné) Leach. Cormorant; Common cormorant; Shag; Taunton shag; Taun- ton turkey. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 412, pl. 415. Coues, Key No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 963. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 8. Pelecanus carbo Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 133. “In EUROPA.” Salt water mainly; nests in colonies on sea cliffs. Mer.— Common migrant and uncommon winter resident. Oct.— April 20. Vr.— Rare migrant: Rutland, 1867. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident coastwise. April-May 14; Sept. 22—Nov. (winter). R. I— Uncommon migrant and winter resident. Sept. 15- (June 3). Conn.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident. Fall—May. 53. PHALACROCORAX AURITUS (Lesson) Grant. Double-crested cormorant; Shag; Taunton turkey. Carbo auritus Less., Traité @ornith., 1831, vol. 1, p. 605. “ Nov- VELLE-ZELANDE. [|] Phalacrocorax dilo phus Coues, Key No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 963, fig. 676; Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1835, vol. 3, pl. 257. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 22, fig. 1. Coastal; nests in colonies on sea cliffs. Mer.— Common migrant; rare winter and summer (Black Horse Ledge) resident. Eggs, June 23—July 3. N. H Uncommon migrant coastwise; occasional inland. Spring; Oct. 28 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. STEGANOPODES. PHALACROCORACIDAE. Vr.— Rare migrant: Burlington, Nov.; Cambridge, Dec.; Windsor. Mass.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise. April 4-June 18 (July 7); Aug. 22—Nov. 24. R. I— Common migrant, mainly coastwise. April 22—May 22; (Aug. 21) Sept. 16—Nov. Conn.— Uncommon migrant, mainly coastwise. April-May; mid-July—Nov. 13. PELECANIDAE. 54. PELECANUS ERYTHRORHYNCHOS Gmelin. American white pelican. Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 571. “In AmmprIca SEPTENTRIONALI.” Pelecanus americanus Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p- 20, pl. 422. Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental visitor: Calais; Eliot, pair, June 8, 1897; Saponic Lake, May 28, 1892. N. H.— Formerly a visitor (Belknap). Mass.— Accidental visitor: Gloucester, 1886; North Scituate, Oct. 5, 1876; Sandwich, May 13, 1905. 55. PELECANUS OCCIDENTALIS (Linné) Richmond. Brown pelican. Pelecanus onocrotaius occidentalis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 215. “America.” Pelecanus fuscus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 32, pls. 423, 424. Coastal; nests on the ground or in low trees. AVES. 29 STEGANOPODES. PELECANIDAKE. Mer.— The supposed Bar Harbor specimen was an escape brought from South America. Mass.— Accidental visitor: (? Ipswich, doubtful); Nantucket, about 1867 (flock of 13). Conn.— Accidental visitor: near New Haven. FREGATIDAE. 56. FrreGATA AQuILA (Linné) Reichenbach. Man-o’-war bird; Frigate-bird; Man-o’-war hawk. Pelecanus aquilus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 133. “In InsuLA ADSCENSIONIS ALIISQUE PELAGICIS.”’ Tachypetes aquilus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 10, pl. 421. Coastal; nests in colonies, in low trees or on ground. Mer.— Doubtfully recorded from Boothbay. Mass.— Accidental visitor: New Bedford, Oct. 17, 1893 (rec- ord not confirmed). : Conn.— Accidental visitor: Faulkner’s Id., autumn, 1859. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. 57. MERGUS AMERICANUS Cassin. American Merganser; Bufi-breasted Merganser; Goosander; Pond. shelldrake. Cassin, Proce. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1853, vol. 6, p. 187. Based on Wilson, no locality; probably New Jersey or Pennsylvania. Mergus merganser Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 387, pl. 411. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 5. Mainly in fresh water; nests in hollow trees. 30 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Mer.— Common migrant and winter resident; less common summer resident inland. Eggs, late May—June 19. N. H.— Common migrant; less common summer resident from White Mts. north, and winter resident in open streams south of White Mts. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident; rare winter resident in open streams. Eggs, June 18. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident, mainly on freshwater lakes and streams; said to have bred formerly. Oct. 12- May 1; summer (Springfield). R. I.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident, mainly on ponds and rivers. Nov.—May 2. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident, mainly on ponds and rivers. Fall—April 17. 58. MERGUS SERRATOR Linné. Red-breasted Merganser; Shelldrake. Limnée Syste mat-,eds 10) Iv5ss volalh ps 1295). In HuRoEnee Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 395, pl. 412. Egg Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 6. Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; uncom- mon summer resident on coastal islands or inland lakes. Eggs, June 21. N. H.— Common migrant and winter resident mainly coastwise. Noy.—April. Vr.— Uncommon migrant. April; Oct. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Sept. 23-May 26 (summer). AVES. 31 ANSERES. ANATIDAE. R. I.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Oct. 29-May 19 (summer). Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coast- wise. Fall—April 14. 59. LopHODYTES CUCULLATUS (Linné) Reichenbach. Hooded Merganser; Hairy-crown; Hairy-head; Hooded shell- drake; Sawhill diver; Water pheasant. Mergus cucullatus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 129. “America.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1848, vol. 6, p. 402, pl. 413. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 7. Fresh water mainly; nests in hollow trees. Mer.— Rare migrant and summer resident. Mar. 31—May; sum- mer; Sept.—late Nov. N. H.— Rare migrant and summer resident (Lake Umbagog). Mar.—Nov. Vr.— Rare summer resident. Mar. 27-Sept. Mass.— Uncommon migrant. Mar. 18—April 18; (Aug. 11, Cambridge) Oct. 7—Nov. 30 (Dec. 22). R. I Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident. Oct.— May. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident. Nov.- Mar. 6. 60. ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS Linné. Mallard; Greenhead; Wild mallard. Limné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 125. “in HuRoPAE MARITIMIS.” Anas boschas Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 286, pl. 385. Rivers, ponds, and in migrations, seacoasts; nests in marshes. 32 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Me.— Rare migrant and winter resident. April; Oct. 1—Nov. 15 (winter). i N. H.— Rare migrant. Spring; Oct.—Nov. 9. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Uncommon migrant; rare in winter. Mar. 27—May 1; Sept. 22—Dec. 17 (Dec. 26, Jan. 9). R. I.— Rare migrant and winter resident. Oct.—April. Conn.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Spring; Sept. 30—Nov. 61. ANAS RUBRIPES (Brewster) A. O. U. comm. Black duck; Black mallard; Dusky duck; Red-legged black duck; Spring black duck; Winter black duck. Anas obscura rubripes Brewst., Auk, 1902, vol. 19, p.184. “Lake Unmpacoc (NEw HAMPSHIRE SHORE).” Anas obscura Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 244, pl. 386. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 10. Salt and fresh water; nests in marshes. Mer., N. H.— Common migrant, less common summer and (coastwise) winter resident. Eggs, April 28 (Me.). Vr.— Common migrant, less common summer resident. Eggs, May. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident (mainly coast- wise); uncommon local summer resident. Eggs, April 19—May. R. I—Common migrant and winter resident, rare summer resident. Sept. 29-May; summer. Eggs, May 5-21. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident; rare summer resident. Sept—May; summer. | 62. CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS (Linné) Bonaparte. Gadwall; Gray duck. Anas strepera Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 125. cc IN AVES. 22 ANSERES. ANATIDAE. EUROPAE AQUIS DuLcIBUS.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 254, pl. 388. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 37, pl. 14, fig. 3. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Me.— Rare migrant. April 29, 1879 (Scarborough); Oct. 27- 29: N. H.— Rare migrant: Hampton; Portsmouth, spring. Vr.— Rare migrant: Otter Creek, spring 1879; St. Albans. Mass.— Rare migrant. Oct. 2—Nov.. 1. R. I.— Rare migrant. Feb. 26—-May 4; Oct. 8—Dec. 1. Conn.— Rare migrant. Aug.—Oct. 14. 63. Mareca PENELOPE (Linné) Selby. Widgeon; European widgeon. oe Anas penelope Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 126. “In EUROPAE MARITIMIS & PALUDIBUS.” Salvadori, Cat. birds of British mus., 1895, vol. 27, p. 227. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 6, pls. [482, 433]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 38, pl. 13, fig. 4. Fresh and salt water; nests on the ground. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Halifax, Oct. 20, 1899; Marblehead, Dec. 29, 1900; Mass. ? (Samuels). R. I.— Accidental visitor: Middletown, Sept. 20, 1889. 64. Mareca AMERICANA (Gmelin) Stephens. Baldpate; American widgeon. Anas americana Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 526. ““ AMERICA A CAYENNA INSULISQUE VICINI OCEANI AD SINUM Hup- sonis.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 259, pl. 389. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. 34 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Me.— Uncommon migrant, mainly coastwise; accidental in winter. Mar. 18-April; Sept—Nov. 18 (Feb. 20, 1884, Freeport). N. H.— Uncommon migrant. April; Sept—Oct. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident (Nan- tucket). Mar. 22—-April 17; Sept. 6—Dec. 2 (winter). R. I— Uncommon migrant. ? April; Sept. 20-early Dec. Conn.— Uncommon migrant. 65. NeErrion crecca (Linné) Kaup. European teal; Teal. Salvadori, Cat. birds British mus., 1895, vol. 27, p. 243. Anas crecca Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 126. “IN EUROPAE AQUIS DULCIBUS.” Querquedula crecca (Linné): Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-— 81, vol. 6, pl. [426]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 40, pl. 16, fig. 3. Fresh water mainly; nests in marshes. Me.— Accidenial visitor: Casco Bay, April 6, 1903. Mass.— Accidental visitor: “‘ Massachusetts” (Samuels); Mus- keget Id., Mar. 16, 1890; Sagamore, Feb. 20, 1896. Conn.— Accidental visitor: East Hartford, Nov. 14, 1889. 66. NETTION CAROLINENSIS (Gmelin) Baird. Green-winged teal. Anas carolinensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 533. “I~ AMERICAE, A CAROLINA AD SINUM HUDSONIS, STAGNIS SILVA- ticts.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 281, pl. 392. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 11. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Me.— Common migrant. April; Sept. 15—Noy. 15. N. H.— Uncommon migrant. AVES. 25 ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Vr.— Common migrant; (? “summer resident”). Mar.; Sept. Mass.— Uncommon spring and rare fall migrant; accidental in winter. April 4-23; Sept. 6—Dec. 13 (Jan. 1; Feb. 1, 1892, West Barnstable). R. I.— Uncommon migrant; rare in winter. Mar.; Sept. 2- Nov. 7 (Dec. 30). Conn.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident. Fall— Mar. 67. QUERQUEDULA biscors (Linné) Stephens. Blue-winged teal. Anas discors Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 176. Olle, IL, [Os AVS, is) AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 287, pl. 393. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 12. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Mer.— Common migrant and in Washington Co., a rare summer resident. (Mar. 8) April-May; summer; Sept. 15—Oct. 16. N. H.— Uncommon migrant. May; Aug. 15—Nov. Vt.— Uncommon migrant; (? “summer resident”). April— May; fall. Mass.— Rare spring and common fall migrant; probably once bred. April 11—-—May 31; (June 8 and 20, Cambridge); Aug. 16- Nov. 26. R. I.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant and rare sum- mer resident (at Sakonnet). May (summer); Aug. 27—Novy. 5. Eggs, May. Conn.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Spring; Aug.—Oct. 20. 68. SPATULA CLYPEATA (Linné) Boie. Shoveler; Spoonbill. 66 Anas clypeata Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 124. “IN 36 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. EvuRopaE MARITIMIS.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p- 293, pl. 394. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 42, pl. 13, fig. 2. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Me.— Rare migrant coastwise. April 14-23; Sept. N. H.— Rare migrant: Hampton; Rye Beach, Aug. 1872. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Rare migrant. Spring; Sept. 17—Nov. 7. R. I1— Rare migrant. April 10; Oct. 2-28. Conn.— Rare migrant. (Late July) Aug.—Dec. 8. 69. Darina acuta (Linné) Bonaparte. Pintail; Gray duck (2); Pheasant duck; Sprigtail. Anas acuta Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 126. ‘‘1N Evropar MARITIMIS.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, p. 266, pl. 390. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 38, pl. 13, fig. 3. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Mer.— Rare migrant. Late Mar—April; Sept. 20-Nov. 7 (late Nov.). Ne Vir Raremoucrant: Mass.— Rare migrant. (Feb. 21) Mar. 8-April 3; Sept. 11— Dees 2ik R. I— Uncommon migrant coastwise. Spring; Sept. 4. Conn.— Uncommon migrant; (? rare winter resident). Mar. 23: aa: 70. Arx sponsa (Linné) Bonaparte. Wood duck; Bride duck; Rainbow duck; Regal duck; Summer duck. Anas sponsa Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 128. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 271, pl. 391. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 1. AVES. oF ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Freshwater streams and ponds; nests in hollow trees, rarely on the ground. Me.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Mar. 28- late Nov. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Mar.—Dec. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. April 8- Oct. 23. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident; acci- dental in winter. (Mar. 10) Mar. 20-April 30; summer; Sept. 15—-Nov. 18 (Dee. 31, 1890, So. Weymouth; Jan. 11, 1888, Taunton). Eggs, April 23—May 2. R. I— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident. Mar— Nov. 11. Eggs, May 10. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident; acci- dental in winter. Mar. 18—Oct. (Jan. 9, 1880, Norwich). Eggs, May. 71. Mariza americana (Kyton) A. O. U. comm. Redhead; American pochard. Fuligula americana Eyt., Monogr. Anatidae, 1838, p. 155. ‘“NortH AMERICA.” Fuligula ferina Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p- 311, pl. 396. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Mer.— Rare migrant; said formerly to have bred in Washington @o. Mar. 27; Sept. 21-Nov. 5. N. H.— Rare fall migrant. Vr.— Rare fall migrant: Lake Champlain. Mass.— Rare migrant more frequent in fall, and rare winter resident on south coast. Mar. 6—April 3; Oct. 4-Dec. 21 (winter). R. I.— Rare migrant and winter resident. Oct. 8—Feb. 3. Conn.— Rare migrant. 38 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES ANATIDAE. 72. MariLa VALLISNERIA (Wilson) A. O. U. comm. Canvas-back. Anas valisineria Wils., Amer. ornith., 1814, vol. 8, p. 103, pl. 70, — fig. 5. “Hupson anpD DELAWARE....RIVERS....AND IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF THE CHESAPEAKE Bay.” Fuligula valisneriana (Wils.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 299, pl. 395. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Mer.— Very rare fall migrant. Vr.— Very rare migrant: Lake Champlain (Perkins). Mass.— Rare migrant. Mar. 11-31; Oct. 19-Dec. 18 (Jan. 8, Cambridge). R. I.— Rare migrant. April; Oct. 2—-Nov. 16. Conn.— Rare migrant. May 7. 73. Marita MARILA (Linné) A. O. U. comm. Greater scaup; Blackhead; Bluebill; Bluehead; Broadbill; Raft duck; Widgeon. Anas marila Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 196. “IN EUROPAE ALPINIS IN SvecIA, NorveGcia, AUSTRIA.” Fuligula marila (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 355, pl. 498. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 46, pl. 14, fig. 2. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Mr.— Common coastwise migrant; rare in winter. Oct.— Nov.; (winter); Mar—Apmil. N. H.— Uncommon migrant, mainly coastwise. April; Oct.— Deen ls: Vr.— Uncommon migrant at Lake Champlain. Mass.— Rare spring, and common fall migrant; winters locally on coast. Mar. 27—-May 1; Sept. 18—Dec. 26; winter. é AVES. 39 ANSERES ANATIDAE. R. I—Common migrant and less common winter resident coastwise. Oct. 1-May 1 (July 19, 1900, cripple). Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon winter resident coastwise. Oct—May 17 (June). 74. Mariua AFFINIS (Eyton) Bonaparte. Lesser scaup; Blue-billed shoveler; Creek broadbill; Little blackhead; Little bluebill; Little raft duck; River broadbill. Fulgula affinis Eyt., Monogr. Anatidae, 1838, p. 157. “Norra AMERICA.” Fuligula marila (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 316, pl. 397. Aythya affinis (Eyt.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., UC 70, Ize Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Mer.— Rare migrant. Mar.—April; Oct—Noyvy. N. H.— Rare migrant. VrT.— Rare migrant: Lake Champlain; Otter Creek, May 19, 1883. Mass.— Rare spring and common fall migrant; rare winter resident on south coast. Mar. 2—April 14 (May 5); Oct. 8—Dee. 6 (winter). R. I.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident. Oct. 15—April. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident. Oct—May 17 (June). 75. Marina coLuaris (Donovan) Bonaparte. Ring-necked duck; Ring-neck scaup. Anas collaris Donoy,, British birds, 1809, vol. 6, pl. 147 and text. ““SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN... . LINCOLNSHIRE,” ENGLAND. Fuliqula rufitorques Bonap. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 320, pl. 398. 40 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Aythya collaris (Donov.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 112. Fresh and salt water; nests in marshes. Mer.— Rare migrant; once bred in Washington Co. Mar. 31- May 1; (summer); Oct. 11—Novy. Ds ; N. H.— Rare migrant: Concord, Nov.; Little Bay near Ports- mouth. Mass.— Rare migrant. Mar—April; Oct. 4-Noy. 30. R. I.— Rare migrant. Nov. 11. Conn.— Rare migrant. 76. CLANGULA CLANGULA AMERICANA (Bonaparte) Faxon. American goldeneye; Garrot; Whistler; Whistle-wing. Clangula americana Bonap., Geogr. and comparative list birds Europe and No. Amer., 1838, p. 58. “AMERICA.” Fuligula clangula (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 362, pl. 406. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 2. Fresh and salt water; nests in hollow trees. Mer.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; less common summer resident in northern part. Eggs, May 27—June 8. N. H.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise or in open rivers; uncommon summer resident (Lake Umbagog). Vr.— Common migrant on Lake Champlain and Connecticut River. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident mainly coast- wise. Oct. 8-May 1 (July 26, Boston). R. I.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise. Novy. 15—April 20. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident mainly coastwise. Late Oct—April 16. AVES. 4] ANSERES. ANATIDAE. 77. CLANGULA ISLANDICA (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Barrow’s goldeneye. Anas islandica Gmelin, Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 541. “Tn ISLANDIA.” Clangula barrovi Swainson and Richardson, Fatna Boreali- Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 456, pl. 70. Fresh and salt water; nests in hollow trees. Me.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Jan—April. N. H.— Rare winter visitor: Little Bay, Portsmouth. Vr.— Erroneously recorded. Mass.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Dec. 7—-Feb. 22. Conn.— Rare winter visitor coastwise: off Portland, Nov. 14, 1867. 78. CHARITONETTA ALBEOLA (Linné) Stejneger. Bufflehead; Bumble-bee duck; Butterball; Devil diver; Dipper; Hell diver; Spirit duck. Anas albeola Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p.124. “‘AmEr- 1@ALc- Fuligula albeola (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 369, pl. 408. Fresh and salt water; nests in hollow trees. Mer.— Common migrant and on south coast an uncommon winter resident; said to nest in Washington Co. Late Oct—April (May 11) (summer). N. H— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident chiefly coastwise. Mar—April; Oct.—Nov. (winter). Vr.— Uncommon migrant. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident. Mar. 11- April 8; Oct. 9—Dec. 23 (winter). 42 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. R. I.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident coastwise. April; Oct. 13—Dec. 7 (winter). Conn.— Uncommon migrant and winter tsi Nov.—April 15. 79. HARELDA HYEMALIS (Linné) L. Brehm. Old squaw; Long-tailed duck; Old injun; Old wife; Scolde- nore; Scolder; South-southerly. Anas hyemalis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol.1, p.126. “In Europa & AMERICA ARCTICA.” Fuligula glacialis (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 379, pl. 410. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 50, pl. 15, fig. 3. Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer. Late Nov._May 21 (summer). N. H.— Common migrant and winter resident, chiefly coastwise. Vr.— Rare migrant to Lake Champlain and Connecticut Valley. Oct. 24. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coastwise. Oct. 10—May 22 (June 17). R. I.— Common migrant and winter resident. Nov. 7—May 4. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise. Oct.—May. 80. Hisrrionicus HIsTRIoNIcUS (Linné) Boucard. Harlequin duck; Lord-and-lady; Sea mouse. Anas histrionica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 127. *“ AMERICA.” Fuligula histrionica (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 374, pl. 409. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 49, pl. 15, fig. 1. Fresh and salt water; nests on the ground or in hollow trees. AVES. 43 ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Mer.— Uncommon winter resident about rocky islands. Oct. 19—Mar. (April). N. H.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Nov. Mass.— Rare winter visitor coastwise; casual inland. Nov. 1— Jan. R. I.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Nov. 28—Jan. 29. 81. CAMPTORHYNCHUS LABRADORIUS (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Labrador duck; Pied duck; Sand-shoal duck. Anas lebradoria Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 537. “tN AMERICA BOREALI.” Fuligula labradora Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 329, pl. 400. Formerly on seacoast; nests on “tops of low fir trees.” Last specimen taken in 1875. Me.— Formerly a winter visitor coastwise. Mass.— Formerly a winter visitor coastwise; last taken in the State at Swampscott, early September, 1862. Conn.— Formerly a winter resident (Stratford). 82. SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA BOREALIS (C. L. Brehm) A. E. Brehm. Northern eider; Greenland eider. Platypus borealis C. L. Brehm, Lehrb. naturg. europ. végel, 1824, vol. 2, p. 813. CoASTS AND ISLANDS OF Barrin Bay AND Davis Srrair (fide H. C. Oberholser). Somateria mollissima (Linné). Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water birds No. Amer., 1884, vol. 2, p. 72, figs. on p. 77. Salt water chiefly; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Oct. 19—April 6. Mass.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Late Oct.—April 3. R. I.— Unsatisfactorily recorded from Newport. 44 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. 83. SOMATERIA DRESSERI Sharpe. American eider; Canvasback; Sea duck; Wamp. Sharpe, Ann. mag. nat. hist., 1871, ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 51. [NortTH AMERICA]. Fuligula mollissima (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 349, pl. 405. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 3. Salt water chiefly; nests on the ground. Me.— Common winter, and from Isle au Haut north, rare summer resident. Noy.—April; summer. Eggs, June 15—July 4. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident coastwise. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident coastwise. Noy. 5-April 19. R. I— Uncommon migrant and winter resident coastwise. Conn.— Rare winter resident coastwise. Fall-(May 29). 84. SoMATERIA SPECTABILIS (Linné) Leach. King eider. Anas spectalilis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 123. “IN CANADA, SVECIA.” Fuligula spectabilis (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 347, pl. 404. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 54, pl. 9, fig. 1. Salt water chiefly; nests on the ground. Mer.— Uncommon winter resident coastwise. Dec. 11—April 15 (May 29). N. H.— Rare winter visitor: Hampton. Mass.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Oct. 21—April 5. R. I.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. (Sept. 15) Nov. 27—Feb. Conn.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Noy. 4. AVES. Ad ANSERES. ANATIDAE. 85. OIDEMIA AMERICANA Swainson. American scoter; Black coot; Butterbill; Butterbill coot; Yel- low-billed coot. Swains., in Swains. and Rich., Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 450. “Hupson’s Bay, Lat. 57°.” Fuliqgula americana (Swains.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 343, pl. 403. Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.— Common migrant and winter resident mainly coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Vr.— Uncommon migrant: St. Johnsbury; Windsor. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident; a few non- breeding birds summer offshore. Sept. 8-May 24 (summer). R. I.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise. Oct— May 11. CONN. Uncommon migrant and winter resident. Oct. 4-May. 86. OIDEMIA DEGLANDI Bonaparte. White-winged scoter; May white-wing; Velvet duck; White- winged coot. Bonap., Rev. crit. de Porn. Europ. de Dr. Degland, 1850, p. 108. “* AMERICA. ” Fuligula fusca (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 382, pl. 401. Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Me., N. H—Common migrant and winter resident mainly coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Vr.— Rare migrant: Middlebury. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident mainly coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Sept. 6-May 25 (summer). 46 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. R. 1— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Sept. 15-May; sum- mer. Conn.— Abundant migrant and common winter resident, mainly coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Oct. 4- May 15; summer. 87. ODEMIA PERSPICILLATA (Linné) Stephens. Surf scoter; Baldheaded coot; Box coot; Gray coot; Hollow- billed coot; Patch-bill coot; Patch-poll coot; Sea coot: Skunk-head. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 118. Anas perspicillata Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 125. “CANADA.” Fuligula perspicillata (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 337, pl. 402. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 52, pl. 15, fig. 2. Salt water mainly; nests on the ground. Mer., N. H.— Common migrant and winter resident mainly coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Vr.— Rare migrant: Bradford. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Sept. 4-May 9; sum- mer. R. I— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; a few non-breeding birds summer offshore. Sept. 1—-May 21; summer. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident; a few non-breed- ing birds summer offshore. Sept—April; summer. 88. ERIsMATURA JAMAICENSIS (Gmelin) Salvadori. Ruddy duck; Booby; Broadbill; Dumb-bird; Foolish coot. Anas jamaicensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 519. “ JAMAICA.” AVES. 47 ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Fuligula rubida Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 324, pl. 399. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 21, fig. 4. Fresh water chiefly; nests in marshes. Mr.— Uncommon migrant, and rare summer resident. April- May; (summer); Oct.—Noyvy. N. H.— Uncommon migrant, rare in summer; may breed (Newfound Lake, July 11, 1901; Rye Beach, Aug. 22, 1879). Vr.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident (Lake Memphremagog). Mass.— Common migrant; very rare summer resident (Cape Cod). Mar. 20-(summer); Sept. 30—Dec. 14 (Dec. 25, 1902, Woods Hole; Jan. 9, 1909, Jamaica Plain). R. I—Common migrant and occasional summer resident. Mar.; Oct. 1—Dee. 22. Conn.— Common migrant, mainly in fall; rare in summer (June 5, 1893, flock of 5, Portland). Spring; Oct.—Dec. 25. 89. Nomonyx pominicus (Linné) Ridgway. Masked duck. Ridgway, Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 114. Anas domimica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 201. “IN AMERICA MERIDIONALI.” Erismatura dominica Eyt. Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Birds of No. Amer., 1870, vol. 2, pl. 92. Fresh water; nests among rushes. Vr.— Accidental visitor (or escape): Alburgh Springs on Lake Champlain. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Malden, Aug. 27, 1889. 90. CHEN HYPERBOREA (Pallas) Boie. Lesser snow goose; Mexican goose; Wavy; White brant. Ridgway, Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 115. Dresser, 48 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 6, pl. [417], lower fig. Egg, See- bohm, 1896, p. 30, pl. 11, fig. 3. Anser hyperboreus Pall., Spicilegia zool., 1769, fase. 6, p. 25. “IN TERRIS BOREALIBUS, AD ORIENTEM 130°. LONGITUDINIS, SIVE CIRCA LENAM ET [ANAM FLUVIOS.” Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare fall migrant. Oct. 2—Dec. N. H.— Rare fall migrant: Lake Umbagog, Oct. 2, 1896; Sea- brook. 5 Vr.— Rare fall migrant: Lake Champlain; ? Lunenburg; St. Johnsbury. Mass.— Rare migrant. April 13, 1908, Townsend; (? July) Oct. 15—Nov. 21. R. I.— Rare fall migrant. Sept. 3—Oct. 16. Conn.— Rare fall migrant: Saybrook, fall, 1875; Stratford, Oci- 5; 1842: 91. CHEN HYPERBOREA NIVALIS (Forster) Ridgway. Greater snow goose; Wavy. Ridgway, Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 115. Anas nivalis Forster, Phil. trans. roy. soc. London, 1772, vol. 62, p. 413. “Severn River,” Hupson Bay. Anser hyperboreus Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 212, pl. 381, fig. 1. Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Mer.— Now an accidental visitor: Georgetown, April 25, 1903; mouth of Kennebec River, April 7, 1890; Lubec, April 39, 1906. Mass.— Now an accidental visitor: near Springfield (Morris); - various doubtful records. Conn.— Now an accidental visitor: Stratford, three wintered, 1867-68 (fide Averill); also listed by Linsley (1843), but may have been C. hyperborea. AVES. 49 ANSERES. ANATIDAE. 92. CHEN CAERULESCENS (Linné) Gundlach. Blue goose; Blue wavy. Ridgway, Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 114. Elliot, New and heretofore unfigured birds No. Amer., 1869, vol. 2, pl. 43. Anas caerulescens Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 124. “CANADA.” Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. N. H.— Rare fall migrant: Lake Umbagog, Oct. 2, 1896. Mass.— Rare fall migrant: West Gloucester, Oct. 20, 1876. R. I.— Rare migrant: Westerly, Mar. 16, 1894. Other records in error for C. hyperborea. 93. ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMBELI (Hartlaub) Coues. American white-fronted goose; Laughing goose. Anser gambelli (sic) Hartl., Rev. and mag. zool., ser. 2, 1852, vol.4,p.7. “TExas.” Anser albifrons Bechst. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1848, vol. 6, p- 209, pl. 380. Fresh and salt water; nests on the ground. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Accidental migrant (?formerly regular): Ipswich, Aug. 1907; Plymouth, Nov. 26, 1897; Quincy. 94. BRANTA CANADENSIS (Linné) Bannister. Canada goose; Wild goose. Anas canadensis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 123. “CANADA.” Anser canadensis (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1848, vol. 6, p. 178, pl. 376. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 35, pl. 12, fig. 2. Fresh and salt water; nests on the ground, rarely in trees. 50 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Mer.— Common migrant. (Feb. 28) Mar. 5-May; Oct. 13- Dec. 8. N. H., Vr.— Common migrant. Mar. 11—-April; Oct—Dec. 7. Mass.— Common migrant, formerly summer resident (said to have bred at Lexington, late April, 1888); may winter rarely on south coast. Mar. 8-June 5; (Aug. 3) Sept. 21-Dec. 30 (Jan. 10; Jan. 31). R. I— Common migrant. Mar. 13-May 7; Sept. 17—Dec. 29. Conn.— Common migrant and less common winter resident. Mar.—May 22; Oct.—winter. 95. BRANTA CANADENSIS HUTCHINSII (Richardson) Coues. Hutchins’s goose; ? Southern goose. Coues, Key to No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 905. Anser hutchinsii Rich., in Swainson and Rich., Fauna Boreali- Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 470. “Metvitte Prninsuxa,” ARcTIC America. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1835, vol. 3, p. 226, pl. 277. Fresh and salt water; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental migrant: Cape Elizabeth, Nov. 13, 1894; Portland, spring 1899; Rangeley. Mass.— Supposed to occur as a migrant. Conn.— ? Uncommon fall migrant; said to arrive later than B. canadensis and to pass at once south (Merriam, 1877). 96. BRANTA BERNICLA GLAUCOGASTRA (C. L. Brehm) Coues. White-bellied brant; Blue brant; Brant; May brant. Bernicla glaucogaster C. L. Brehm, Handb. d. naturgesch. aller végel Deutschl., 1831, p. 849. “aus DEM HOHEN NoRDEN IM HERBSTE AN DIE KtsTEN DER DEUTSCHEN OSTSEE.” Anser bernicla Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p- 203, pl. 379. Salt water; nests on the ground. AVES. 51 ANSERES. ANATIDAE. Mer.— Common coastwise migrant. April 27-May; Oct.—Nov. N. H.— Uncommon coastwise migrant, casual inland. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Common coastwise migrant; uncommon winter resi- dent on south coast. Mar. 12—May 17 (June 2); Sept. 12—Dec. 12 (winter). R. I—Common migrant and rare winter resident offshore. Mar. 24-April 28; Nov.—Dec. 16 (winter). Conn.— Common migrant and occasional winter resident off- shore. April 14-May; Oct. 15—(winter). 97. BRANTA NIGRICANS (Lawrence) Bannister. Black brant. Anser nigricans Lawr., Ann. lyceum nat. hist. New York, 1846, vol. 4, p. 171, pl. 12. “Eaa Harpor, N. J.” Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Chatham, spring, 1883. 98. BrantTa LEucopsis (Bechstein) Bannister. Barnacle goose. Anas leucopsis Bechst., Ornith. taschb. Deutschl., 1803, p. 424. NORTHERN REGIONS OF THE EARTH; GERMANY IN MIGRATION. Anser leucopsis (Bechst.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 200, pl. 378. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 34, pl. 10, fig. 2. Seacoasts and grassy flats; nests on the ground among rocks. Me.— Doubttully reported from near Portland about 1878. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Marshfield, 1878. Mass.— Accidental visitor: North Chatham, Noy. 1, 1895. Conn.— Recorded from Stonington (Linsley). 52 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND ANSERES. ANATIDAE. 99. Otor crenus (Linné) Bonaparte. Whooping swan; Whooper; Wild swan. ce Anas cygnus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 122. “IN Evropa, AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Cygnus musicus Bechst. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 6, p. [433], pl. [419], fig. 4. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 29, pl. 7, fig. 1. Seacoasts, lakes, swamps; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental visitor: Poke-a-moon-shine Lake, Washing- ton Co., Sept. 10, 1903. 100. OLor coLuMBraNus (Ord) Stejneger. Whistling swan; American swan. Anas columbianus Ord, in Guthrie’s Geogr., hist., and com- mercial grammar, 2d Amer. ed., 1815, p. 319. Based on Lewis and Clarke: ‘““BELOW THE GREAT NARROWS OF THE COLUMBIA.” Cygnus americanus Sharpless. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 226, pl. 384. Salt and fresh water; nests on the ground. Me.— Unsatisfactorily recorded from mouth of Kennebec River Noy., 1881; and near Crawford Lake, Sept. 10, 1903. N. H.— Rare migrant: Great Bay (bis), Dec. 16, 1902, and —; Seabrook, Oct. 18, 1878. Vr.— Rare migrant: Alburg, Lake Champlain. Mass.— Rare migrant and winter resident (at Nantucket) formerly commoner. Oct. 16—Dec. 27 (winter—Mar. 4). R. I— Rare migrant: Quonocontaug Pond, Nov. 9, 1879; West- erly, Nov. 13, 1879. Conn.— Rare migrant. Middle Mar.; fall—Nov. 2. AVES. ae ' ANSERES. ANATIDAE. 101. Otor BucciNaToR (Richardson) Wagler. Trumpeter swan. Cygnus buccinator Rich., in Swainson and Rich., Fauna Boreali- Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 464. ““Hupson’s Bay.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 219, pls. 382, 383. Fresh and salt water; nests on the ground. Mr.— Once erroneously recorded for O. cygnus. N. H.— Formerly a migrant (Belknap). Mass.— Believed to have occurred formerly as a migrant. R. IL., Conn.— Doubitfully reported, and believed to have oc- curred formerly as a migrant. HERODIONES. IBIDES. IBIDIDAE. 102. GuaRA ALBA (Linné) Stejneger. White Ibis. Scolopax alba Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 145. ““AMERICA.” Ibis alba (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 54, pl. 360. Swamps and lagoons; nests in trees and reedy marshes. Vr.— Accidental visitor: South Woodstock, summer, 1878. Conn.— Accidental visitor: near Milford, May 23, 1875. 103. PLEGADIS AUTUMNALIS (Hasselquist) Stejneger. Glossy Ibis. Tringa autumnalis Hasselq., Reise nach Palist., deutsche ausg., 1762, p. 306. [EGypt.] 54 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. HERODIONES. IBIDES. IBIDIDAE. Ibis falcinellus Linné. Bonaparte, Amer. ornith., 1833, vol. 4, p25, pls. tee als Marshes and borders of lagoons; nests among low bushes or reeds. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Alton, Oct. 1858. Mass.— Accidental visitor: noteworthy flights in May of 1850 and 1878. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Middletown, May 16, 1850; Strat- ford (5 specimens) about 1836. CICONIAE. CICONTIDAE. 104. Mycrerrs AMERICANA Linné. Wood Ibis. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 140. “fry America CALIDIORE.” Tantalus loculator Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 64, pl. 361. Swamps and marshes; nests in trees. Me.— Accidental visitor: Berwick, July 16, 1896. N. H.— Erroneously recorded for Glossy ibis. Vr.— Accidental visitor: pair in summer, about 1897, near Burlington. Mass.— Accidental visitor: (? Georgetown, June 19, 1880); Seekonk, July 17, 1896. R. I— Accidental visitor: Barrington, Aug. 8, 1896. AVES. 55 HERODIONES. HERODII. ARDEIDAE. 105. Boraurus LENTIGINOSUS (Montagu) Stephens. American bittern; Bog hen; Indian hen; Meadow hen; Stake driver; Thunder pump. Ardea lentiginosa Montag., Ornith. dict., suppl., 1813, [p. 186] “Her.” “THE WEST or ENGLAND.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 94, pl. 365. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 14. Fresh and salt marshes and borders of streams; nests on ground. Mr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. April 27- Oct. 28. Eggs, late May—June 6. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Mar.—Novy. (Dee. 11). Eggs, May 27. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. April 30-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and less common summer resident; casual in winter. Mar. 31—Nov. 26 (Dec. 30; Jan. 5). Eggs, May 5-June 10. R. I—Common migrant and uncommon summer resident. April 6-Nov. 10.- Eggs, May 23—June 13. © Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon summer resident. April-Noy. 106. IxoprycHus ExIuIs (Gmelin) A. O. U. comm. Least bittern. Ardea exilis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 645. “Ja- maica.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 100, pl. 366. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 15. Fresh marshes and swamps; nests among rushes or in bushes. Mer.— Rare summer resident in southern counties. (Mar. 4, 1891, Georgetown) May 12—Aug. (Nov. 13). N. H.— Rare in summer; may breed in southeastern part: Hamp- ton; Hampton Beach, 1869; Seabrook. Vr.— Said to have occurred “formerly.” 56 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. HERODIONES. HERODIL. ARDEIDAE. Mass.— Rare local summer resident, mainly near the coast. April 15-Sept. 1. Eggs, June 1-29. R. I— Common summer resident; casual in winter. (Mar. 1)— Sept. 14 (Feb. 28, 1881, Providence). Eggs, May 23—June 16. Conn.— Uncommon local summer resident. Spring—Sept. Eggs, June 10-27. 107. ARDEA HERODIAS Linné. Great blue heron; Blue crane; Crane; Frog stabber; Poke. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 143. “AmrErica.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 122, pl. 369. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 11. Swamps and borders of ponds; nests in trees. Me.— Common migrant and local summer resident. Mar. 29- Nov. 12 (Dec. 9). Eggs, late April-May 16. N. H.— Common migrant and, northward from L. Winnepe- saukee, a local summer resident. April 5-Nov. (Dec. 21; Dee. 31, 1901, Randolph). Vr.— Common migrant and, in northern part, a local summer resident. Summer—(Dec. 22, 1884, Milton). Mass.— Common migrant and rare winter resident; occasional in summer but not now known to breed (formerly at Naushon). Mar. 15—-June 4; (summer); July 30—Dec. 20 (winter). R. I— Common migrant. Mar—May 4; July 15-Dec. 11. Conn.— Common migrant, occasional in summer; rare winter resident. Mar. 15-May (June 2); Aug.—Dec. (winter). 108. Herropias EGRETTA (Gmelin) Cabanis. American egret. ce Ardea egretta Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 629. “IN INSULA S. DomINICI, INSULIS FALKLAND & AMERICA AUSTRALI AD AVES. 57 HERODIONES. HERODII. ARDEIDAE. LovuistanaM.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1848, vol. 6, p. 132, pl. 370. Swamps and lowlands; nests in small trees. Mer.— Occasional summer visitor. April 7—Aug. 22. N. H.— Rare summer visitor: near Newmarket, 1897. Vr.— Rare summer visitor: New Haven, two in Aug. 1882; Winooski River, summer, 1869. Mass.— Occasional summer and fall visitor. April-Noy. 22. R. I— Occasional summer visitor; may have bred at Wes- quage Pond in 1894. June 1—Oct. 12. Conn.— Occasional summer visitor. July—Oct. 109. EG@rerra CANDIDISSIMA (Gmelin) Gosse. Snowy heron. Ardea candidissima Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 633. “IN INUNDATIS PROPE CARTHAGENAM AMERICAE.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 163, pl. 374. Swamps and lowlands; nests in small trees. Mer.— Erroneously accredited. Vr.— Accidental visitor: St. Albans Bay, two in Oct., 1890. Mass.— Accidental visitor: near Boston, 1862; Nantucket, March, 1881; Northampton, 1887 (? nec Essex Co.). Conn.— Accidental visitor: Hartford; Stratford (‘‘seen’’). 110. FLoripA CAERULEA (Linné) Baird. Little blue heron. Ardea caerulea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 143. “In AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 148, pl. 372. Swamps and lowlands; nests in bushes. 58 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. HERODIONES. HERODII. ARDEIDAE. Me.— Accidental visitor. April 1—Sept. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Amherst, April 28, 1897. Vr— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Occasional visitor. April 14-Aug. R. L— Rare visitor. June 7—Aug. Conn.— Rare visitor. May—Sept. 7. 111. Burormes virescens (Linné) Bonaparte. Little green heron; Fly-up-the-creek; Green heron; Poke. Ardea virescens Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 144. “America.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 105, p!. 367. Egg, Capen, 1886,-pl. 19, fig. 12. Mainly freshwater streams and ponds; nests in small trees. Mer.— Uncommon migrant-and summer resident in southern counties. May 2-Sept.19. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident in southern half, and in Connecticut valley. Late April-Oct. Eggs, June 16. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident in southern part. May-— Oct. Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 9 and 16) April 26- Oct. 16. Eggs, May 10—-June 2. R. I— Common summer resident. April 20-Sept. 24. Eggs, May 21, 23. Conn.— Common summer resident. Late April-Oct. Eggs, May 30—June 17. 112. NycrTicoRAX NYCTICORAX NAEVIUS (Boddaert) Zeledon. Black-crowned night heron; Buttermunk; Qua-bird; Quok; Shitepoke; Squawk. Ardea naevia Bodd., Tabl. d. planch. enlum. d’hist. nat., 1783, p. 56. Based on Buffon: “CAYENNE.” AVES. 59 HERODIONES. HERODII. ARDEIDAB. Ardea nycticorax Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 82, pl. 368. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 13. Swamps and marshes; nests in colonies in trees, rarely on the ground. Mr.— Common summer resident, chiefly near the coast. Spring— Sept. 16. Eggs, May 26. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident north to southern White Mt. valleys. April—Oct. Vr— Uncommon summer resident near lakes and streams. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident near coast. Mar. 27—-Nov. 1 (winter). Eggs, May 2- June 13. R. I— Common summer and rare winter resident. April 1- Sept. 23 (winter). Eggs, May 7—June 7. Conn.— Common migrant and less common summer resident. April-Oct. Eggs, April 17. 113. Nycranassa VIOoLACEA (Linné) Sharpe. Yellow-crowned night heron. Ardea violacea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 148. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 89, pl. 364. Swamps and lowlands; nests in low trees. Mer.— Accidental visitor: Deering, April 13, 1901; Portland, April 11, 1906. Mass.— Accidental visitor: six instances. July—Oct. R. I.— Accidental visitor: Newport, Aug. 1892; Tiverton, April 23, 1886. 60 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PALUDICOLAE. GRUES. GRUIDAE. 114. GrRus AMERICANA (Linné) Vieillot. Whooping crane. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 188, pl. 313. Ardea americana Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 142. “tw AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.’” Freshwater marshes and open lowlands; nests in marshes. Vr., Mass.— Supposed to have been a migrant in colonial times. 115. Grus CANADENSIS (Linné) Temminck. Little brown crane. Ridgway, Manual of No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 135. Ardea canadensis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 141. “tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALLI.” Grus fraterculus Cassin. Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Expl. and surveys for railroad to Pacific, 1858, birds, pl. 37. Grassy flats and marshes; nests on the ground. R. I.— Accidental visitor: Natick Hill, Oct. 9, 1889. 116. Grus mexicana (Miiller) Vieillot. Sandhill crane. Coues, Key to No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 848. Ardea (grus) mexicana Miill., Linné’s Vollstand. natursyst., suppl:! 7/6, pe 1105 “Muxicors Grus americana Forst. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, pl. 314. Freshwater marshes and open lowlands; nests in marshes. N. H.— Believed to have occurred formerly; now accidental visitor: Wakefield, 1896 or 1897. Vr.— Believed to have occurred formerly as a migrant; now accidental visitor: Lunenburg. Mass., Conn.— Believed to have occurred formerly as a migrant. AVES. 61 PALUDICOLAE. RALLI. RALLIDAE. 117. Rawtitus ELEGANS Audubon. King rail; Fresh-marsh hen; Royal rail. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1835, vol. 3, p. 27, pl. 203. “SourH- ERN STATES.” Coues, Key No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 854. Freshwater marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Occasional fall visitor. Sept. 19-Dec. 17. Mass.— Occasional visitor at all seasons; may breed. R. I— Rare visitor (four records). Jan., Feb., Mar., fall. Conn.— Rare summer resident (Saybrook, Stratford) and occasional at other seasons. 118. RALLUS CREPITANS Gmelin. Clapper rail; Salt-marsh hen. Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 713. “‘In NovEBoraco.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 165, pl. 310. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, figs. 1, 2. Saltwater marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental visitor in southern counties: Popham Beach, Oct. 12 and (25), 1900; Sabattus Pond, 1874; ? York and Cum- berland Cos. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Portsmouth. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Burlington (Conger). Mass.— Occasional visitor, may breed. R. I— Doubtfully recorded. Conn.— Rare visitor and summer resident (New Haven Stratford). 119. Rattus virGIntANUS Linné. Virginia rail; Water-hen. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p..263. “IN AMERICA 62 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PALUDICOLAE. RALLI. RALLIDAE. SEPTENTRIONALI.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 174, pl. 311. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, figs. 3, 4. Fresh and brackish marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare summer resident. Late April—Oct. N. H.— Rare summer resident south of White Mts. April— Oct. 1. Eggs, May 21-28. Vr.— Rare summer resident locally: Burlington; Rutland Co. Mass.— Summer resident, more common near coast; rare winter resident (Cape Cod). April 11—-Nov. 27 (Jan. 1, 1891, Worcester) (winter). Eggs, May 12—June 1. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. April—Nov. 2. Eggs, May 29. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. Eggs, June 6. 120. PorzaNna CAROLINA (Linné) Baird. Sora; Carolina rail; Meadow-hen; Rail-bird. Rallus carolinus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 153. “tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Ortygometra carolinus (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 145, pl. 306. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 5 Fresh and brackish marshes; nests on the ground. Mr.— Uncommon summer resident. Late April—Oct. 26. Eggs, —July 27. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident northward to White Mt. valleys. May—Oct. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. Mass.— Common migrant and local summer resident. (Mar. 20) April 14—Nov. 1 (Dec. 20). Eggs, June 9-11. R. I—Common migrant and summer resident. (Mar. 2) April-Nov. 10. Eggs, May 24. Conn.— Common migrant and summer reiaene April—Oct. (Dec. 29, 1881, Hartford). AVES. 63 PALUDICOLAE. RALLI. RALLIDAE. 121. CoTURNICOPS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Yellow rail. Fulica noveboracensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 701. “In NOVEBORACO.”’ Rallus noveboracensis (Lath.).. Bonaparte, Amer. ornith., 1833, vol. 4, p. 136, pl. 27, fig. 2. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 6. Freshwater marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare migrant and said to have bred near Calais. May 31; Oct. 4-Nov. 15. N. H.— Rare migrant: Hampton. Vt.— Rare migrant: Newport; northern Vt.; Rutland Co. Mass.— Rare migrant and possible summer resident. April- May 26; Sept. 2—Oct. 22. R. I— Rare migrant (five records). Sept. 28. Conn.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant; said to have bred at Middletown, 1874, 1875. (Mar. 24, Gaylordsville); Sept.— Oct. 14 (Nov. 10). 122. CRECISCUS JAMAICENSIS (Gmelin) Cabanis. Black rail; Little black rail. Rallus jamaicensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 718. ““ JAMAICA.” Porzana jamaicensis (Gmel.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 144; Allen, Auk, 1900, vol. 17, pl. 1. Freshwater marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Doubtfully recorded from Scarborough, Oct. 4, 1881. Mass.— Very rare visitor and summer resident (at Chatham, Hazardville). May 16-Sept. 20. Eggs, May. Conn.— Very rare summer resident (at Lyme, Saybrook); also taken at Hazenville. Eggs, June 6—July 10. 64 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PALUDICOLAE. RALLI. RALLIDAE. 123. CREX CREX (Linné) Sharpe. Corn crake; Daker-hen; European land rail. -Coues, Key to No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 859. Rallus crex Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 153. “IN EUROPAE AGRIS, CARECTIS.”’ Crex pratensis Bechst. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 7, pl. [499]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 83, pl. 22, fig. 9. Grassy meadows and grain fields; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental from Europe: near Falmouth, Oct. 14, 1889. R. I.— Accidental visitor: Cranston, 1857. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Saybrook, Oct. 20, 1887. 124. Tonornis martiNica (Linné) Reichenbach. Purple gallinule. Fulica martinica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 259. “tn MARTINICAE INUNDATIS.”’ j Gallinula martinica (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 128, pl. 303. Freshwater marshes; nests among rushes. Mez.— Accidental visitor. April 11—Dec. 17. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Dover; Rye. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Occasional visitor, mainly in April and Oct.—Noy., once in June. R. I— Occasional visitor. Jan.; May; June 8, 1902, Seaconnet Point; Aug.; fall. Conn.— Rare visitor: Middletown, 1855. 125. GALLINULA GALEATA (Lichtenstein) Bonaparte. Florida gallinule; Pond hen; Red-billed mud-hen. Crex galeata Licht., Verz. d. doubletten zoo]. mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 80. “San Pavto,” Brazi. AVES. 65 PALUDICOLAE. RALLI. RALLIDAE. Gallinula chloropus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 132, pl. 304. Kgg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, figs. 7, 8. Freshwater marshes; nests among rushes near the ground. Mr.— Rare migrant and (?) summer resident. May 5; Sept. 20-Oct. 16. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Rollinsford. Vt.— Rare local summer resident at Lake Bomoseen, Lake Champlain, St. Albans. April 28-fall. Eggs, May 28—-June 5. Mass.— Rare local summer resident, mainly near coast. April 29-Oct. 25 (Nov. 9). Eggs, June 5—-July 17. R. I— Uncommon local summer resident. May—Noy. 29. Conn.— Uncommon local summer resident. Eggs, June 25 (Stratford). 126. FUuLIcA AMERICANA Gmelin. American coot; Blue Peter; Coot; Marsh hen; Mud-hen; Pond crow; Pond hen. Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 704. “mn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 138, pl. 305. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 20, fig. 9. Freshwater ponds and marshes mainly; nests among reeds. Mer.— Uncommon migrant, mainly in fall. (Mar. 23) April 14— May 13; Oct. 26—Noy. N. H.— Uncommon migrant, mainly in southern part. Spring; late Aug.—Oct. 15. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident (Lake Bomoseen). Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant; rare winter resident near coast; may breed rarely (pair, Cheshire reservoir, June 21, 1892). Mar. 29-April 25; (June 21); (Aug. 16) Sept. 3-Nov. (winter). 66 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PALUDICOLAE. RALLI. RALLIDAE. R. I— Common migrant, mainly in fall. April-May 28; Sept. 26—Dee. 20. Conn.— Common migrant, mainly in fall. Spring; Sept. 29- Nov. 14. LIMICOLAE. PHALAROPODIDAE. 127. PHALAROPUS FULICARIUS (Linné) Bonaparte. Red phalarope; Bank-bird; Brown bank-bird; Gray phalarope; Gulf-bird; Sea goose; Whale-bird. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 291, pl. 339. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 18, fig. 11; pl. 19, fig. 1. Tringa fulicaria Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 148. “AMERICA.” Chiefly maritime; nests on the ground in marshes. Mer.— Uncommon migrant, mainly offshore, and rare summer . resident (near Calais). May 8-17; (summer); July 25-Oct. 17. N. H.— Migrant, mainly offshore; sometimes common. May; Oct. Vr.— Rare migrant at Lake Champlain. Mass.— Offshore migrant, irregularly common. May 1-26; Aug. 31—-Nov. 24. R. I., Conn.— Offshore migrant, sometimes common. Late May; Sept. 26—Dec. 20. 128. Loxpipes Lopatus (Linné) Baird, Brewer, & Ridgway. Northern phalarope; Bank-bird; Jersey goose; Mackerel goose; Red-necked phalarope; Sea goose; Sea snipe; Whale- bird; White bank-bird. Tringa lobata Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, pp. 148, 824. “I~ AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI, LAPPONIA.” Lobipes hyperboreus Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 295, pl. 340. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 131, pl. 38, fig. 1. Chiefly maritime; nests on the ground in marshes. AVES. 67 LIMICOLAE. PHALAROPODIDAE. Mer.— Common migrant, mainly offshore. (Feb.) May 3- June 15; July 24—-Nov. N. H.— Common migrant, mainly offshore. May; Aug. 9- Sept. 22: Mass.— Common migrant, mainly offshore. May 1-26; Aug. 10-Oct. 13. R. I— Common migrant, mainly offshore. May; Aug. 16- Sept. 15. Conn.— Offshore migrant. Spring?; Aug. 4-Sept. 27 (Dec. 25). 129. STEGANOPUS TRICOLOR Vieillot. Wilson’s phalarope. Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1819, vol. 32, p. 136. “‘Para- GUAY.” Phalaropus wilsontt Sabine. Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 405, pl. 69. Chiefly freshwater marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental visitor: Sabattus Pond, Sept. or Oct. 1906; Scarborough, three, June 9, 1891. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Rye Beach, Aug. 15, 1872. Mass.— Accidental visitor (five records). May 20; Aug. 18-31. R. I.— Accidental (fall) visitor (five records). Aug. 2-Sept. 13. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Bridgeport. RECURVIROSTRIDAE. 130. RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA Gmelin. American. avocet. Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 693. “in AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI & NovA HoLuaNnpiA.”’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1848, vol. 6, p. 24, pl. 353. 68 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE RECURVIROSTRIDAE. Open lowlands and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental visitor: Cape Elizabeth, Nov. 5, 1878. Vr.— Accidental visitor: St. Albans, fall, 1875, and 1890; (nec Rutland, 1882). Mass.— Accidental visitor: Ipswich, three, Sept. 13, 1896; Lynn; Natick, Oct. 19, 1880. Conn.— Accidental visitor: between Saybrook and East Lyme, Sie 131. Hrmantorus Mexicanus (Miiller) Ord. Black-necked stilt. Charadrius meaxicanus Miill., Linné’s Vollstand. natursyst., SUPP laos pn lean Vinx ond Himantopus mnigricollis Vieill. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1848, vol. 6, p. 31, pl. 354. Salt marshes and lagoons;- nests on the ground. Mer.— Accidental visitor: Rockland, May, 1889; (nec Board- man, New Brunswick). N. H.— Accidental visitor: Rye Beach. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Lynn; Mass. coast. SCOLOPACIDAE. 132. PHILOHELA MINOR (Gmelin) Gray. American woodcock; Bog-sucker; Woodcock. Scolopax minor Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 661. “‘tn AMERICAE, A SEPTEMBRI INDE IN CAROLINAE, AB APRILIS FINE IN NOVEBORACI SILVIS HUMIDIS.” Microptera americana Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p- 15, pl. 352. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 2. Freshwater swamps, damp woods and thickets; nests on the ground. AVES. 69 LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident; possibly winters. (Mar. 10) Mar. 23—-Nov. 30 (Dec. 18) (Feb., two instances). Eggs, April 26-May 19. N. H=Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Late Mar.—Oct. Eggs, May 10. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Mar. 27—Oct. Eggs, May 4. Mass.— Common migrant and uncommon summer resident; rare in winter. Mar. 4—Nov. 25 (winter). Eggs, April 11—May 6. R. I— Common migrant and now a rare summer resident. Mar.—Dec. 4. Eggs, April 5-May 17. Conn.— Common migrant, uncommon summer and winter resident. Keb. 26—-Nov.; winter. Eggs, (Mar. 30) April 3- June 3; July 20 (2d brood). 133. Ga.LInaco DELIcATA (Ord) A. O. U. check-list. Wilson’s snipe; Alewife-bird; Common snipe; English snipe; Jack snipe. Scolopax delicata Ord, Wilson’s Ornith., 1825, vol. 9, p. cexviil. ‘““KENTUCKY,... . ILLINOIS,.... PENNSYLVANIA.” Scolopax wilson 'Temm. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 339, pl. 350. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 3. Fresh and brackish meadows and marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant and rare summer resident. April 19- May 15; summer; Sept.—Nov. 15. N. H.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise; very rare winter resident (Nashua). Mar—May 7; July 22-mid-Dec. (winter). Vr.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident (Rutland Co.); ? “summer resident.” Mass.— Common migrant, rare winter resident; rare and irregular summer resident (at Carlisle, Concord). (Mar. 8) Mar. 20-—May 18; (summer); Aug. 1—Nov. 30 (winter). 70 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. ; SCOLOPACIDAE. R. I1— Common migrant and rare winter resident. Mar. 9- May 6; (July 29) Aug. 12—Nov. 14 (Dec., Jan.). Conn.— Common migrant, rare summer and winier resident. Mar. 18-Dec.; winier. Eggs, May 13 (Portland). 134. MacroRHAMPHUS GRISEUS (Gmelin) Leach. Dowitcher; Brownback; Deutscher; Fool plover; German snipe; Grayback; Gray snipe; Red-breasted snipe; Robin snipe. Scolopax grisea Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 658. “IN NovVEBORACI MARITIMIS.” Scolopax noveboracensis Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 10, pl. 351. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 143, pl. 41, fig. 8. Chiefly maritime marshes and mudflats; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant coastwise. May 21-29; late July— Sept. (Oct. 29). N. H.— Migrant, common in fall. May 20-25; July 20—-Sept. Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant, mainly coast- wise. May 1—June 7 (June 18); July 5—Sept. 30. R. I— Uncommon migrant coastwise. May; July 5—Oct. 20. Conn.— Uncommon migrant, mainly in fall. 135. MacRoRHAMPHUS SCOLOPACEUS (Say) Lawrence. Long-billed dowitcher. Elliot, New and unfigured birds No. Amer., 1869, vol. 2, pl. 40. Limosa scolopacea Say, Long’s exped. to Rocky Mis., 1823, vol. 1,p.170. “NEAR THE BOWYER CREEK,” Iowa. Chiefly maritime marshes and mudflats; nests on the ground. Mass.— Rare fall migrant. Aug. 29-Noyv. 3. R. I— Rare fall migrant: Middletown, Oct. 8, 1890. AVES. val LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. 136. MicroPaALAMA. HIMANTOPUS (Bonaparte) Baird. Stilt sandpiper; Bastard yellow-leg; Long-legged sandpiper; Mongrel. Tringa himantopus Bonap., Ann. lyceum nat. hist. New York, 1826, vol. 2, p. 157. “Lone Branco, New Jersey.” Bonap., Amer. ornith., 1833, vol. 4, p- Spl Zomiloeas Marshes and mudflats; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare fall migrant coastwise. July 19-Sept. 26 (Oct. 2, 1908, Pine Point). N. H.— Rare fall migrant coastwise. July 31—Aug. 28. Mass.— Uncommon fall migrant coastwise. July 19-Sept. 29. R. I— Very rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. May 9, 1895, Sakonnet Point; July 6—-Sept. 19. Conn.— Rare migrant: New Haven, Sept. 16, 1886. 137. ‘TrRiInea canutus Linné. Knot; Ash-colored sandpiper; Blue plover; Grayback; Gray snipe; Red-breasted plover or sandpiper; Robin snipe; Silver plover. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 149. “in Europa.” Ege, Seebohm, 1896, p. 144, pl. 43, fig. 10. Tringa tslandica Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 254, pl. 328. Sandy beaches; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.— Uncommon migrant coastwise. May 24—June 11; Aug.—sept. . Mass.— Common migrant coastwise, casual inland (Springfield) ; rare winter resident. May 11—June 5 (June 25); July 13—-Nov. 8 (winter). R. I. Common migrant coastwise. May; July 11-Sept. 14. Conn.— Common migrant coastwise. WD FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. 138. ARQUATELLA MARITIMA (Briinnich) Coues. Purple sandpiper; Rock snipe; Winter peep; Winter snipe. Tringa maritima Briinn., Ornith. borealis, 1764, p. 54. “‘Curis- TIANSOE” J., DENMARK, AND ‘ Norveaia.”’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 261, pl. 330. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 146, Ol, Ash, aires, Ae Ba Rocky islands and coasts of the sea; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant and winter resident coastwise; acci- dental in summer. Sept. 15—-April (Aug. 6, 1907, Metinic Green Id.; Aug. 11, 1902, Metinic reef). N. H.— Rare winter visitor coastwise. Vrt.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Common fall and winter visitor coastwise. (July 30) Sept. 6—April 19 (May 11). R. I— Common winter resident on rocky coasts. Sept. 13- April 15. Conn.— Common winter resident on rocky islands coastwise. 139. Prsopra MacuLaTA (Vieillot) A. O. U. comm. Pectoral sandpiper; Brown-back; Creaker or Krieker; Grass- bird; Grass snipe; Jack snipe; Pert; Squatter. Tringa maculata Vieill., Nouv. dict. dhist. nat., 1819, vol. 34, p. 465. “aux ites ANTILLES ET DANS LES PARTIES MERIDIONALES DES Erats-UNIs.”’ Tringa pectoralis Bonap. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 259, pl. 329. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 148, pl. 48, fig. 12. Marshes and mudflats; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare spring and common fall migrant, mainly coastwise. (Spring); Aug. 13—Oct. 5. N. H.— Migrant, common in fall, mainly coastwise. July—Oct. 10. AVES. he LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. Vt.— Uncommon fall migrant. Mass.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. (April 4) April 9—-May 16 (May 23); July 15—-Nov. 11. R. I.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. April 25; July 16—Oct. 20. Conn.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. 140. Pisopra FuscIcoLuis (Vieillot) A. O. U. comm. White-rumped sandpiper; Bonaparte’s sandpiper; Bull-peep; Schinz’s sandpiper. Tringa fuscicollis Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1819, vol. 34, p. 461. “Paraguay.” Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 145, pl. 43, fig. 8. Actodromas fuscicollis (Vieill.). Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water birds of No. Amer., 1884, vol. 1, p. 227, fig. Tringa schinzit Brehm. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1835, vol. 3, pl. 278. Beaches and marshy shores; nests on the ground. Mer.— Uncommon migrant, mainly coastwise. May 29, 30; late July—Oct. 23 (Nov. 18). N. H.— Uncommon migrant, mainly coastwise. ? Spring; July— Oct. 14. Vt.— Uncommon fall migrant. Aug—Sept. Mass.— Rare spring and common fall migrant mainly coastwise. May 15-June 5; July 10—Nov. 10. R. I— Uncommon fall migrant. July 11—Oct. Conn.— Uncommon migrant. Aug. 31. 141. Pisopia BAIRDII (Coues) A. O. U. comm. Baird’s sandpiper. Actodromas bairdi Coues, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1861, p. 194. “‘NortH America.” Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water birds No. Amer., 1884, vol. 1, p. 230, colored fig. of head. 74 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. od Beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Mzx.— Rare fall migrant. Aug. 7-Sept. 20 (Nov. 1, 1881, Bangor). N. H.— Rare fall migrant. Aug. 26—Sept 5. Mass.— Rare fall migrant. July 27-Oct. 1. R. I.— Rare fall migrant (seven records). Aug. 26—Sept. 17. Conn.— Rare fall migrant: New Haven, Oct. 19, 1889, Oct. 28, 1887; Stratford, Nov. 3, 1888. 142. PisoBIA MINUTILLA (Vieillot) A. O. U. comm. Least sandpiper; Bumble bee; Meadow ox-eye; Mud peep; Peep; Wilson’s sandpiper. Tringa minutilla Vieill., Nouy. dict. d’hist. nat., 1819, vol. 34, p- 466. “En AMERIQUE JUSQU AU DELA DU CANADA.” Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 149, pl. 44, fig. 8. Tringa pusilla Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 280, pl. 337. Marshes and mudflats; nests on the ground. Mr.— Common migrant. May 13-24 (June); July 5-Oct. 1 (cir 15): N. H.— Common migrant. Late May—June 3; July 10-Sept. Vr.— Uncommon migrant. Mass.— Common migrant. (April 18) May 5-June 7; (sum- mer) July 6—Sept. 21 (Oct. 13). R. I— Common migrant. (April 25)—May 26; July 15—-Oct. Conn.— Common migrant. May-June; Aug.—sSept. 143. PrELIpNA ALPINA (Linné) C. L. Brehm. European dunlin. Sharpe, Cat. birds British mus., 1896, vol. 24, p. 602. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 8, p. [21], pl. [548]. AVES. 75 LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. - Tringa alpina Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 149. “IN Lapponia.” Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 144, pl. 43, figs. 7, 9. Beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental from Old World: Chatham, Aug. 11, 1900. 144. PELIDNA ALPINA SAKHALINA (Vieillot) Buturlin. American dunlin; Black-bellied sandpiper; Black-breast; _Brant-bird; Crooked-billed snipe; Fall snipe; Lead-back; Ox-bird; Ox-eye; Red-back; Red-backed sandpiper. Scolopax sakhalina Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1816, vol. 3, Peooos 2 EN LVUSSIE: - Tringa alpina Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 266, pl. 332. Beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Rare spring and commoner fall migrant coastwise Late May; Oct—Nov. 17. N. H.— Uncommon coastwise migrant. Mass.— Rare spring and common fall migrant coastwise. (? Mar. 15) late April-May 20 (June 18); Sept. 1—-Dec. 13 (Dec. 24). R. I.— Rare spring and common fall migrant coastwise. May; Aug. 29-Oct. 29. Conn.— Rare spring and common fall migrant; ‘“‘may ‘winter.” 145. ERoLiA FERRUGINEA (Briinnich) A. O. U. comm. Curlew sandpiper. Tringa ferruginea Briinn., Ornith. bor., 1764, p. 53. “ISLANDIA & CHRISTIANSOE” ISLAND. Tringa subarquata ‘Temm. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 269, pl. 333. Seacoasts and tundras; nests on the ground. 76 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. Me.— Accidental visitor: Pine Point, Cumberland Co., Sept. 15, 1881. Mass.— Accidental visitor: five records. May; Aug. R. I.— Doubtfully recorded. Conn.— Accidental visitor: four records. (June 1874, New Haven); Aug. 30—Oct. 3. 146. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (Linné) Cassin. Semipalmated sandpiper; Black-legged peep; Peep; Sand ox-eye; Sand peep. Tringa pusilla Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 252. “tn DomiInco.” Tringa semipalmata Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 277, pl. 336. Sand beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant. May-June 5; July 29-Sept. 28 (Oct.). N. H— Common migrant. May; July-early Sept. Vt.— Uncommon migrant to larger lakes. Mass.— Common migrant; non-breeding birds occur in summer coastwise. (May 1) May 13—June 14; (summer); July 3-Oct. 8 (Oct; 30); R. I— Common migrant. May 13—June 2; July 14-Oct. 10. Conn.— Common migrant. May-early June; July—Oct. 147. EREUNETES MAURI Cabanis. Western semipalmated sandpiper Cab., Journ. f. ornith., 1856, p. 419. “CuBa.” Ereunetes pusillus occidentalis (Lawrence). Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water birds of No. Amer., 1884, vol. 1, p. 206, fig. of head. Sand beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. AVES. We LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. N. H.— Rare fall migrant: Hampton, Oct. 10, 1899. Mass.— Uncommon fall migrant. July 19-Sept. 20. R. I.— Rare fall migrant: Middletown, Aug. 25, and Aug. 29, 1899. Conn.— Rare fall migrant: Lyme, Sept. 4, 1889 (six). 148. CALIDRIS LEUCOPHAEA (Pallas) A. O. U. comm. Sanderling; Beach-bird; Beach plover; Bull-peep; Gray- back; Ruddy plover; Surf snipe; Whitey; Whiting. Tringa leucophaea Pallas, in Vroeg’s Catalogue, 1764, p. 32. NorTH SEA COAST. Tringa arenaria Bonap. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 287, pl. 338. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 150, pl. 41, fig. 4. Sand beaches; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.— Uncommon spring and common fall migrant coast- wise. May 5-30; late July—Oct. 13 (Nov. 5, Portland). VrT.— Rare migrant. Sept. Mass.— Common coastwise migrant and, south of Cape Cod, a winter resident. (Late April) May 19—June 4 (June 24); July 6—Dec. 6 (Dec. 18); winter. R. I.— Common migrant, casual inland; probably a rare winter resident. (Mar. 20) May—June; Aug. 1—Nov. 5. Conn.— Common migrant coastwise. May; July—Oct. 149. Limosa repoa (Linné) Sabine. Marbled godwit; Brown marlin; Red curlew. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 331, pl. 348. Scolopax fedoa Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 146. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Mr.— Rare migrant. May, 1884 (Scarborough); Aug. 8- Sept. 13. Whe} FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. N. H.— Rare migrant: Rye Beach, Aug. 27, 1868. Vr.— Formerly a migrant. Mass.— Rare migrant. May 20-23; July 17-Sept. 5. R. I— Rare migrant. Aug. 6—Oct. 2. Conn.— Rare migrant. Aug. 150. Lrvosa HAEMaASTICcA (Linné) Coues. Hudsonian godwit; Black-tail; Goose-bird; Ring-tailed marlin; Spot-rump. Scolopax haemastica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 147. “tj AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Limosa hudsonica Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p- 335, pl. 349. Beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Rare fall migrant coastwise. N. H.— Rare fall migrant coastwise. Aug. 2—Oct. Vr.— Rare migrant: Burlington. Mass.— Rare (? spring and) fall migrant. (? April 29-May 25); July 15—Nov. 7. R. I— Rare (? spring and) fall migrant coastwise. July 22- Oct. 13. Conn.— Rare migrant. 151. ToTraNUs MELANOLEUcUS (Gmelin) Vieillot. Greater yellow-legs; Cucu; Greater tattler or telltale; Long- legged tattler; Stone snipe; Winter yellow-legs. Scolopax melanoleuca Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 659. “* sUCTUMNO IN ARENIS LITTORIS LABRADOR.” Totanus vociferus Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 316, pl. 345. Salt and fresh marshes; nests on the ground. AVES. 79 LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. Me.— Common migrant and possibly a rare summer resident in extreme north (Woolastook valley). Late April-May 19 (July); late July—Oct. 22. N. H.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise. May; July 17- Oct. 27. . Vr.— Uncommon migrant. May; fall. Mass.— Common migrant mainly coastwise; a few non-breed- ing birds rarely summer. (Mar. 27) April 4-June 16 (June 28); July 6—Nov. 12. R. I—Common migrant. (? Mar. 10) April 10-May 26; July 20—-Nov. 4. Conn.— Common migrant. May 14-June 1 (June 13, 1898 New London); Ajg—Nov. 15. 152. ‘ToTANUS FLAVIPES (Gmelin) Vieillot. Yellow-legs; Lesser yellow-legs; Summer yellow-legs; Wan- dering tattler. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 313, pl. 344. Ege, Seebohm, 1896, p. 139, pl. 44, fig. 11. Scolopax flavipes Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 659. “tn NOVEBORACO.” Salt and fresh marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. May 16; late July—(Oct. 17). N. H.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. May; Aug.— Sept. 4. Vr.— Uncommon migrant. Mass.— Rare spring and common early fall migrant. April 29- June 2 (June 15); July 10-Sept. 29 (Oct. 11 and 30). R. I.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. April 28; July 3-Oct. 1. Conn.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. May 7; Aug. 7 Owi, 80 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. 153. HErLoDROMAS SoLiTarius (Wilson) Sharpe. Solitary sandpiper or tattler. Tringa solitarra Wils., Amer. ornith., 1813, vol. 7, p. 53, pl. 58, fig. 3. “Kentucky To NEw YorK.” Totanus solitarius (Wils.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 309, pl. 343. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, fig. 6. Borders of woodland streams and ponds, rarely near salt water; nests on the ground or in other birds’ deserted nests. Mzr.— Common migrant and in northern part a rare summer resident (Woolastook valley). May 7-30; summer—Oct. 2 (Oct. 21): N. H.— Common migrant, and possibly a rare summer resident. May 9-June; July 17—(Nov. 1). Vr.— Common migrant; reported breeding at Lake Bomoseen, St. Albans Bay, Wells River. May-Sept. 3. Eggs, middle of May. Mass.— Common migrant, mainly inland. May 2-26 (June); (July 8) July 20-Oct. 14 (Nov. 28). R. I— Uncommon migrant. May 3-20; July 18—Sept. 25. Conn.— Common migrant. May 2-(June 10); Aug.—Sept. 154. CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Willet; Goose-bird; Humility. Scolopax semipalmata Gmelin, Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 659. “tn NovEBoraco.” Totanus semipalmatus Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 324, pl. 347. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5. Salt and fresh marshes, and beaches; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.— Rare migrant coastwise. Oct. 25. Vr.— Rare migrant: Middlebury. Mass.— Rare migrant coastwise; formerly rare summer resident AVES. Sl LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. (Muskeget, about 1869, New Bedford). May 2-31 (June 17); July 8-Sept. 11. R. I— Rare migrant coastwise, mainly in fall. May; July 2- Sept. 18. Conn.— Formerly a rare summer resident (Madison, Stratford), now only a rare migrant. May; (summer); Aug. 9-Oct. Eggs, June 5, 1873. 155. CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS INORNATUS (Brewster) A. O. U. comm. Western willet. Symphemia semipalmata inornata Brewst., Auk, 1887, vol. 4, p. 145. “Larimer County, CoLorapo.” Totanus semipalmatus Temm. Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 388, pl. 67. Salt and fresh marshes, and beaches; nests on the ground. Mass.— Rare fall migrant: Newburyport, Aug. 5, 1908 (and probably most of those now found). Conn.— Rare fall migrant: Stony Creek, Aug. 15, 1897, and ~ other fall birds. 156. PAvVONCELLA PUGNAX (Linné) Leach. Ruff (<'); Reeve (2). Tringa pugnax Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 148. “In EUROPA MINUS BOREALI.” Machetes pugnax Linné. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 8, p. [87], pls. [557, 558]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 135, pl. 42, figs. 4, 6. Shores and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental from Old World: Camden, Sept. 14, 1900; Scarborough, April 10, 1870; Upton, Sept. 8, 1874. 82 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Seabrook, Sept. 23, 1907. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Chatham, Sept. 12, 1880; Nan- tucket, July, 1901; Newburyport marshes, May 20, 1871. R. I— Accidental visitor: Point Judith, Aug. 31, 1903; Sakon- net, July 30, 1900. 157. BarTRAMIA LONGICAUDA (Bechstein) Bonaparte. Bartramian sandpiper; Field plover; Grass plover; Pasture plover; Upland plover. Tringa longicauda Bechst., Kurze uebers. végel Lathams, 1812, vol. 2, p. 453. Nort AMERICA. Tringa bartramia Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p- 248, pl. 327. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, figs. 9, 10. Grassy prairies and fields; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant, and uncommon local summer resident. April 19-summer; Aug. 4-Sept. 16. Eggs, June 6. N. H— Now uncommon migrant and summer resident in southern part. May 4-Sept. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and local summer resident. April 24— Sept. Eggs, May 26. Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant, rare local summer resident; formerly commoner. April 3—May 10; summer; July 16-Sept. 14. Eggs, May 25-June 3 (June 22). R. I— Uncommon migrant; formerly more common and prob- ably bred. April; Aug. 2-Sept. 18. Conn.— Formerly common summer resident; now an uncom- mon migrant. May 2; fall. 158. ‘TRYNGITES SUBRUFICOLLIS (Vieillot) Ridgway. Bufi-breasted sandpiper; Hill grass-bird. Tringa subruficollis Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1819, vol. 34, p- 465. “‘ParaGuay.” AVES. 83 LIMICOLAE SCOLOPACIDAE. Tringa rufescens Vieill. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p- 264, pl. 331. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 151, pl. 43, fig. 11. Grassy uplands and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Rare fall migrant coastwise. Aug.—sSept. 5. N. H.— Rare fall migrant coastwise: Portsmouth; Rye Beach, Aug. 25 and 28, 1871. Vt.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Rare fall migrant coastwise. July 28—Sept. 24. R. I— Rare fall migrant coastwise. Sept. 6-15. Conn.— Rare fall migrant coastwise. Aug.—Sept. 30. 159. AcTiTIs MAcULARIA (Linné) Naumann. Spotted sandpiper; Ox-eye; Peet-weet; Sand lark; Teeter peep; Tip-tail; Tip-up. Tringa macularia Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 249. “Tw Europa & AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Totanus macularius Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 303, pl. 342. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 19, figs. 7, 8. Seacoast and freshwater streams and lakes; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 26- Oct. 3 (Nov. 19). Eggs, May 20-July 1. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. May 1-Oct. Eggs, May 31. Vr— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. Late April—Sept. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 19) April 26-Nov. 6 (Nov. 14). Eggs, May 25—July 4. R. I—Common migrant and summer resident. (April 16)- Oct. 3. Eggs, May 27—June 6. ; Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. Late April- Oct. 6. Eggs, May 31-June 1. 84 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. 160. NUMENIUS AMERICANUS Bechstein. Long-billed curlew; Great curlew; Hen curlew; Sickle-bill. Bechst., Kurze uebers. végel Lathams, a vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 432. “New York & Hupson Bay.” Numenius longirostris Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 35, pl. 355. Marshes and grassy flats; nests on the ground. Me.— Very rare migrant. May 2; Aug. N. H.— Formerly rare, now accidental migrant. Aug. 12-25. Mass.— Now an accidental migrant. July 20—Oct. 18. R. I— Now an accidental migrant; last record Jamestown, Sept. 9, 1897. July 15-Sept. 9. Conn.— Formerly uncommon, now accidental migrant. Aug. 3. 161. NtMeENTUs HUDsonicts Latham. Hudsonian curlew; Blue-legs (young); Foolish curlew (young); Jack curlew; Short-billed curlew. Lath., Index ornith., 1790, vol. 2, p. 712. “rx stsw Hupsonis.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 6, p. 42, pl. 356. Beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Mer. Rare migrant. May 20; July 19-late Sept. (Oct. 12, 1898, Dover). N. H.— Rare migrant. Aug. 6—Sept. 2 Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. April 10— May 30 (June 8); (June 23) July 6—Oct. 1. R. I.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. April 27—-May; July 2-Sept. 25. Conn.— Rare migrant, mainly in fall. July 20—Aug. 27. 162. NUMENIUS BOREALIS (Forster) Latham. Eskimo curlew; Dough-bird; Fute. Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p- 378, pl. 65. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 133, pl. 45, fig. 3. AVES. 85 LIMICOLAE. SCOLOPACIDAE. Scolopax borealis Forst., Phil. trans. roy. soc. London, 1772, vol. 62, pp. 411, 431. “AtBany Fort,’ Hupson Bay. Marshes, beaches, and grassy uplands; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.— Formerly common fall migrant, coastwise. Late Aug.—Sept. Mass.— Formerly a common fall migrant, accidental in spring. (Late May 1873, Cape Cod); July 15-Oct. 2. R. I— Formerly a common fall migrant coastwise. Aug. 27- Sept. Conn.— Formerly a common fall migrant coastwise, now very rare. Aug.—Oct. 13. CHARADRIIDAE. 163. SQUATAROLA SQUATAROLA (Linné) Cuvier. Black-bellied plover; Beetlehead; Blackbreast; Blackheart; Frost-bird; Ox-eye; Palebelly (young); Whistling field plover. Tringa squatarola Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 149. “Tn EUROPA.” Charadrius helveticus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vols 5, p= 199; pl. 315. Beaches and marshes; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.—Common migrant chiefly coastwise. May 12- (June 24); Aug.—Oct. 24. Vt.— Rare migrant: Lunenburg; Middlebury. Mass.— Common migrant coastwise. April 15—June 13 (June 25); July 8-Noy. 16 (Dec.). R. I— Common migrant. May 15-22; Aug. 9—Oct. 15. Conn.— Common migrant coastwise. 86 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. CHARADRIIDAE. 164. CHARADRIUS DomiINicus Miiller. American golden plover; Bullhead; Frost-bird; Greenback; Greenhead; Green plover; Muddy breast; Pale belly; Pale breast; Three toes; Toad-head. Miill., Linné’s Vollstand. natursyst., suppl., 1776, p. 116. “Sr. Dominco.” Charadrius marmoratus Wagl. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 203, pl. 316. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 125, pl. 39, fig. 5. Beaches, marshes, and open hilltops; nests on the ground. Mr.— Formerly common, now rare fall migrant coastwise. Aug. 12—Noy. 15. N. H.— Rare migrant coastwise. (May); Aug. 26—mid-Oct. Vr.— Rare migrant: Lunenburg. Mass.— Very rare spring, and formerly common but now rare fall migrant coastwise. (May); Aug. 12—Nov. 2 (Nov. 19; Nov. 25, 1908, Ipswich). R. I— Migrant, formerly rare in: spring and common in fall coastwise; now very rare. (May); Aug. 14—Oct. 25. Conn.— Formerly common migrant, now rare; mainly coast- wise. Oct. 24. 165. OxyYECHUS vocIrERUS (Linné) Reichenbach. Killdeer. Charadrius vociferus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 150. “ry AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.”’ Aegialitis vocifera (Linné). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 173; Bird-life, 1898, pl. 11. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 18, figs. 8, 9. Meadows, fields, and marshes; less often on beaches; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare migrant and accidental visitor. Aug. 17—-Oct. 24 (Nov. 28—Dee. 4, 1888). AVES. 87 LIMICOLAE. CHARADRIIDAE. N. H.— Rare migrant and accidental winter resident (1888-89) ; formerly rare summer resident. : Vr.— Rare migrant and summer resident (Lake Champlain). Mass.— Rare migrant and summer resident; accidental winter resident (1888-89). Mar. 1—Dec. 15 (winter). Eggs, May 30. _ R. I— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident; acci- dental winter resident in 1888-89. Mar.—Dec. (winter). Eggs, May 10-31. Conn.— Rare migrant and summer resident, formerly more plentiful. (Feb. 24) late Mar—May; summer. Eggs, June 6. 166. A®GIALITIS SEMIPALMATA (Bonaparte) Bonaparte. Semipalmated plover; Little ring-neck; Ring-neck. Charadrius semipalmatus Bonap., Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1825, vol. 5, p.98. Based on Wilson: “‘NEew Jersey.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 218, pl. 320. Sandy beaches and salt-marsh flats; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant; mainly coastwise. May—(June 22); July 29-Sept. N. H— Common migrant, mainly coastwise. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise. Late April—June 14 (June 26); July 12—Oct. 28. R. I— Common migrant, mainly coastwise. April 19—May 15; July 6—-Sept. 25. Conn.— Common migrant, mainly coastwise. May 17—June; July—Sept. 167. A®GIALITIS MELODA (Ord) Bonaparte. Piping plover; Clam-bird; Mourning-bird; Pale ring-neck; Ring-neck. Charadrius melodus Ord, Wilson’s Amer. ornith., 1824, vol. 7, 88 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. CHARADRIIDAE. p. 71. “‘Great Eac-Harpor,” N. J. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 223, pl. 321. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 18, fig. 10. Sandy beaches; nests on the ground. Mer.— Formerly a rare summer resident coastwise (Wells Beach). May 2-Aug. N. H.— Rare migrant coastwise. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident coastwise. (Mar. 26) April 5-Sept. 22. Eggs, May 10—-June 14 (July 20). R. I— Uncommon migrant and summer resident coastwise. (Mar. 24) May 15-Sept. Eggs, June 5-14. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident coastwise. 168. OcHTHODROMUS WILSONIUS (Ord) Reichenbach. Wilson’s plover. Charadrius wilsonia Ord, Wilson’s Amer. ornith., 1814, vol. 9, p. 77, pl. 73, fig. 5. ‘Caps Istanp, Newgsrrsry.’’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 214, pl. 319. Sandy beaches and mudflats; nests on the ground. Vr., N. H— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Gernet Pt., Plymouth, Aug. 22, 1877; Ipswich, May 8, 1904 (nec Nahant, Aug. 1839). R. I— Doubtfully included. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Bridgeport, July 28, 1888 (“‘seen,” Averill); Stratford (Linsley). APHRIZIDAE. 169. ARENARIA INTERPRES (Linné) Vieillot. European turnstone; Tangle-picker. Tringa interpres Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 148. ‘ftw Europa & AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” AVES. 89 LIMICOLAE. APHRIZIDAE. Strepsilas interpres (Linné). Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 7, p. [555], pl. [532]. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Monomoy Island, Sept. 8, 1892, (Bishop). 170. ARENARIA INTERPRES MORINELLA (Linné) A. O. U. comm. Ruddy turnstone; Bead-bird; Brant-bird; Calico-back; Calico- bird; Chicken plover; Horsefoot snipe; Rock-bird; Rock plover; Stone plover; Turnstone. Tringa morinella Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 249. ‘“AD MARIS LITTORA AMERICAE SEPTENTRIONALIS; & EuROPAE.” Strepsilas wnterpres (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, WOl, 8, js ZBI, ok swe Seacoasts; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant. May 22-27; July 28-Sept. N. H.— Uncommon migrant. Vr.— Rare migrant: Lake Champlain. Mass.— Uncommon migrant. May 1-31 (June 24); July 25-Oct. 16. R. I— Common migrant. May 14-20; Aug. 4-Oct. 8. Conn.— Common migrant. May 23; Aug.—Sept. HAEMATOPODIDAE. 171. HarmaTopus PALLIATUS Temminck. American oyster-catcher. Temm., Man. d’ornith., ed. 2, 1820, vol. 2, p. 582. “L’ AMERI- QUE MERIDIONALE.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 236, pl. 324. Egg, Gentry, Nests and eggs birds U. S., 1882, p. 277, pl. 47. Seacoasts; nests on the ground. 90 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. LIMICOLAE. HAHEMATOPODIDAE. Mer.— Formerly at Portland (Audubon). Mass.— Now an accidental visitor. Late April; Aug. Conn.— Now very rare migrant; formerly more plentiful. GALLINAE. PHASIANI. TETRAONIDAE. 172. COLINUS VIRGINIANUS (Linné) Stejneger. Bob-white; Quail; Virginia partridge. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 178, pl. 1. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 1, fig. 1. Tetrao virgimanus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 161. ““ AMERICA.” Weedy and brushgrown fields and edges of woods; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.— Formerly common, now rare resident in southern counties; also introduced from the South. Vr.— Rare resident at lower elevations; largely introduced. Mass.— Uncommon resident; also introduced. Eggs, May- June 30 (Sept.). ; R. I— Common resident; also frequently introduced. Eggs, May 25—June 20 (! Oct. 10). Conn.— Common resident, also introduced. Eggs, June 14- Aug. (! Sept. 2). 173. CANACHITES CANADENSIS CANACE (Linné) Norton. Canadian spruce grouse; Black grouse; Fool-hen; Spotted grouse; Spruce partridge; Wood partridge. Wetrao conace Vinné, Syst. nat, ed) 27a 766, volaely pa 2ifo: “CANADA.” Tetrao canadensis Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 83, pl. 294. Ege, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 1, fig. 23. foley) AVES 91 GALLINAE. PHASIANT. TETRAONIDAE. Dense fir and spruce woods; nests on the ground. Mr.— Uncommon resident in northern forests. Eggs, May. N. H.— Uncommon resident in northern part, and above 3000 ft. in White Mts. south to Mt. Passaconaway. Eggs, late May. Vr.— Uncommon resident in northernmost part (Victoria). Mass.— Accidental visitor: Gloucester, Sept. 1851; Roxbury Nov. about 1865. 174. BoNasa UMBELLUS (Linné) Stephens. | Ruffed grouse; Birch partridge; Partridge; Pheasant. Tetrao umbellus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 275. “Tn PENSYLVANIA.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 73, pl. 293. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 2, fig. 1. Woods and thickets; nests on the ground. Vr.— Nearly typical birds rarely found in south part; resident. Mass.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, April 27—June 2. R. I.— Common in northern and western parts. Eggs, May 8- 1G), Conn.— Common resident. Eggs, April 21-May 20. 175. BoNasa UMBELLUS TOGATA (Linné) Ridgway. Canadian ruffed grouse; Partridge; Pheasant. Ridgway, Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 198. Egg, Bendire, ISOZ vole ole 2a tie0Z. Tetrao togatus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 275. “CANADA. ” Woods and thickets; nests on the ground. Me.— Common resident. Eggs, April 27—May 25. N. H.— Common resident up to tree limit on mountains. Vr.— Common resident. 92 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. GALLINAE. PHASIANT. TETRAONIDAE. Mass.— Resident; nearly typical birds occur in Berkshire Co. (North Adams). , 176. Lacopus Lacopus (Linné) Stejneger. Willow ptarmigan. Tetrao lagopus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 159. ‘tn EUROPAE ALPINIS.” Lagopus albus Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol: 5, p. 114, pl. 299 (summer). Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 2, fig. 5- 10. Dense thickets; nests on the ground. Mer.— Accidental visitor: near Dennisville (Audubon); Ken- duskeag, April 23, 1892. Mass.— Accidental visitor (or escape): Manchester, May 10, 1859. R. I.— Doubtfully recorded. 177. ‘TympaNucHus cuprpo (Linné) Ridgway. Heath-hen; Eastern pinnated grouse; Hethen. Tetrao cupido Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 160. “‘IN Virernta.” De Kay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 2, p. 205, pl. Tigtios Lia: Cupidonia cupido Brewster, Auk, 1885, vol. 2, p. 82. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 3, fig. 2. Scrub-oak thickets; nests on the ground. Me.— Ascribed by Audubon to Maine, but perhaps erroneously. Mass.— Resident, now confined to Martha’s Vineyard, but (till about 1815) occurring coastwise nearly to Boston, and in lower Connecticut valley. Eggs, June 2—July 24. R. I— Formerly common, but practically extirpated by 1800. Conn.— Formerly common; extirpated before 1840 (Westford, about 1832, Nuttall). AVES. 93 GALLINAE. PHASIANI. TETRAONIDAE. 178. MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO SILVESTRIS (Vieillot) Allen. Wild turkey. Meleagris silvestris Vieill., Nouv. dict. dhist. nat., 1817, vol. 9, p. 447. “ILLINOIS JUSQU’A L’ISTHME DE PANAMA.” Meleagris gallopavo Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 42, pls. 287, 288. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 8, fig. 14. Woods and thickets; nests on the ground. Mz.— Formerly a resident in southern counties (to Mt. Desert ?); now extirpated. N. H.— Formerly a resident in southern part; last record in 1841 or 42. Vr.— Formerly resident in southern part; now extirpated. Mass.— Formerly common resident; last recorded capture at Mt. Tom, winter of 1850-51. R. I— Formerly common resident. Conn.— Formerly common resident; last killed about 1813 on Totoket Mt., Northford. COLUMBAE. COLUMBIDAE. 179. EcToPISTES MIGRATORIUS (Linné) Swainson. Passenger pigeon; Wild pigeon. Columba migratoria Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 285. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Ectopistes migratoria (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 25, pl. 285. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 4, fig. 6. Woods and fields; nests in trees in colonies. Me.— Formerly an abundant migrant and local summer resident; last specimens taken near Dexter, Aug. 16, 1896, and at Bar Harbor, early summer 1904. April 7—Sept. Q4 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. COLUMBAE. COLUMBIDAE. N. H.— Formerly abundant migrant and local summer resident ; last specimen taken at Concord, 1885. April 2-18; -summer- Oct. 10. Vr.— Formerly abundant migrant and summer resident. Mar. 20—Oct. 10. Mass.— Formerly abundant migrant and common local summer resident, rare In winter; last recorded in 1889. Mar. 10—Oct. 21 (winter). Eggs, May 22. R. I.— Formerly abundant migrant; last killed in 1886. Conn.— Formerly an abundant migrant, and common summer resident. April 2-fall. Eggs, late May. 180. ZENAIDURA MACROURA CAROLINENSIS (Linné) A.O. U. comm. Mourning dove; Carolina dove; Long-tailed dove; Turtle dove. Columba carolinensis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 286. “In AMERICA.” Zenaidura macroura (Linné). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 188; Bird-life, 1898, pl. 13. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9. Open woods and fields; nests in trees, or rarely on the ground. Me.— Rare migrant and summer resident in southern part; accidental in winter. Mar. 21—Oct. 24 (Nov. 21 and winter). N. H.— Rare migrant and summer resident in southern part. Late Mar—Oct. (Dec. 15). Vr.— Rare summer resident: Rutland Co. . Mass.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident. Mar. 5—Noy. 15 (winter). Eggs, April 19-May 20. R. I— Uncommon summer resident in northern and western parts. April 3—-Oct. 15. Eggs, May 15-25. Conn.— Uncommon summer and rare winter resident. Mar.— Noy. (winter). Eggs, May 24-June 20 (July 27). AVES. 95 COLUMBAE. COLUMBIDAE. 181. STARNOENAS CYANOCEPHALA (Linné) Bonaparte. Blue-headed quail-dove. Columba cyanocephala Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p- 163. “America.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 23, pl. 284. Thickets and woods; nests among vines. Mass.— One taken at Brookline, Oct. 10, 1870, probably an escape. RAPTORES. SARCORHAMPHI. CATHARTIDAE. 182. CATHARTES AURA SEPTENTRIONALIS (Wied) Nelson. Turkey vulture; Turkey buzzard. Cathartes septentrionalis Wied, Reise Nord-America, 1839, vol. 1, p. 162. Locality elsewhere given as NEAR NEW Harmony, INDIANA. Cathartes aura Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 15, pl. 2. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 4, figs. 1, 3. Open country; nests on ground in shallow caves or in hollow logs. Me.— Accidental visitor at all seasons (eight records). N. H.— Accidental visitor: Hampton Falls, April 1882; North Weare, spring 1887. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Eutaw. Mass.— Occasional visitor at all seasons. R. I.— Occasional visitor; four records. May 10—Noyv. Conn.— Occasional (mainly summer) visitor. April 20—Oct. 18. 183. CATHARISTA URUBU (Vieillot) Vieillot. Black vulture; Black-headed buzzard; Carrion crow; Jim crow. Vultur urubu Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 1, 96 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. SARCORHAMPHI. CATHARTIDAE. p. 23, pl. 2. “tL AMERIQUE, DEPUIS LA NOUVELLE-ECOSSE JUS- Qu’ A LA TERRE DE FEv.”’ Cathartes atratus Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, pal pled: ) Hee) Bendre 3892 vole th ple 4 hesa 7,0: Open country and vicinity of dwellings; nests on the ground. Mer.— Accidental visitor. Aug. 20-—Nov. 3. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Lunenburg; Woodbury, July 10, 1884. Mass.— Accidental visitor. July—Noyv. Conn.— Accidental visitor: East Lyme, July 6, 1901. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. 184. ELANOIDES FORFICATUS (Linné) Coues. Swallow-tailed kite. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 196; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 1. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2: Falco forficatus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 89. ‘* AMERICA.” Open country; nests in tall trees. Mer.— Erroneously recorded. N. H.— Doubtfully recorded (Franklin, 1875). Vr.— Doubtfully recorded (Williams). Mass.— Accidental visitor: Amesbury (= West Newbury) about Sept. 25, 1882; Whately; (?) near Northampton, 1880. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Lyme, July 2, 1877; Portland, summer 1861; Saybrook, June 16, 1889. 185. Crrcus HuUDSoNTIUuS (Linné) Vieillot. Marsh hawk; Blue hawk; Bog-trotter; Frog hawk; Harrier; Mole hawk; Mouse hawk; Mouser; Snake hawk. A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, p. 26, pl. 3. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 5, fig. 8-10. AVES. 97 RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Falco hudsonius Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 128. “aD FRETUM HUDSONIS.”’ Open country, fields, marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant, less common summer resident. Mar. 19-Oct. 7 (Nov. 12). Eggs, June 4. N. H.— Common migrant, uncommon summer resident. Mar. 16-Nov. 12. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. April 14—Oct. Mass.— Common migrant, uncommon summer resident; rare winter resident on the coast. Mar. 1-Nov. 29 (winter). Eggs, May 12-June 8. R. I— Common migrant, rare summer and winter resident. Mar. 15-Oct. 29 (winter). Eggs, May 23, 25. Conn.— Common migrant, uncommon summer resident; winters rarely. Mar.—Nov. 6 (winter). Eggs, May 9—June 9. 186. AccrPITER VELOX (Wilson) Vigors. Sharp-shinned hawk; Pigeon hawk. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 198; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 4. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vole plas, fo. V7: Falco velox Wils., Amer. ornith., 1812, vol. 5, p. 116, pl. 45, fig. 1. “BANKS OF THE SCHUYLKILL.” Open or wooded country; nests in trees. Mer.— Common migrant, less common summer resident; rare winter resident (Portland, 1905; Westbrook, 1907). Mar. 27- Nov. 23 (winter). Eggs, June 1. N. H.— Common migrant, less common summer resident; rare winter resident in southern part. Eggs, May 23-June 1. Vr.— Uncommon summer and rare winter resident. Mass.— Common migrant, uncommon summer and winter resident. Eggs, May 3—June 10. 98 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. R. IL— Uncommon migrant, rare summer and winter resident. Eggs, May 23, 25. ie Conn.— Common migrant, less common summer and winter resident. Eggs, May 15-June 26. 187. AcCIPITER COOPERI (Bonaparte) Gray. Cooper’s hawk; Chicken hawk. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 199; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 5. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 5, fig. 18-20. Falco cooperii Bonap., Amer. ornith., 1828, vol. 2, p. 1, pl. 10, fig. 1. “‘NEAR BoRDENTOWN, NEW JERSEY.” Open country and woods; nests in trees. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident. April 4-Oct. 24 (? Jan. 16). N. H.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident at lower elevations. Mar. 26—Oct. Eggs, May 12-30. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; (? winter). Eggs, April 22. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; rare in winter. Eggs, April 25—June 11. R. I— Common migrant, less common summer resident; prob- ably winters rarely. Eggs, May 12-14. Conn.— Common migrant, less common summer and winter resident. Eggs, April 25—June 18. 188. ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS (Wilson) Bonaparte. American goshawk; Blue hawk; Partridge hawk. Falco atricapillus Wils., Amer. ornith., 1812, vol. 6, p. 80, pl. 52, fig. 3. Near “PHILADELPHIA.” Accipiter atricapillus (Wils.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. AVES. 99 RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. No. Amer., 1895, p. 199; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S., 1893, pla Gan Hoo, Bendire! 18925 vol. i; pliG6; fie. 1. Open country and heavy woods; nests in trees. Mer.— Common winter resident, less common summer resident. Oct. 26-May; summer. Eggs, April 25-May. N. H.—Irregularly common winter resident; rare summer resident south to Alstead. Vr.— Irregular winter visitor; rare summer resident south to Rutland, Mendon. Eggs, April 23—May 1. Mass.— Winter visitor, irregularly common; casual summer visitor (Hoosac Mt., Aug. 15, 1900). Oct. 4-Feb. 26. R. I— Irregular winter visitor, sometimes common. Oct. 27- Feb. 14. Conn.— Irregular winter visitor, sometimes common; accidental in late summer. (Aug. 24, 1893, West Haven) Oct. 2—winter. 189. BUTEO BOREALIS (Gmelin) Vieillot. Red-tailed hawk or buzzard; Hen hawk. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 200; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. 8., 1893, pl. 7. Egg, Bendire, 1892, well, Ih, jal. @, wes, GyG. Falco borealis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 266. “IN AMERICA BOREALI, POTISSIMUM CAROLINA.” Open country and forests; nests in large trees. Me.— Uncommon summer resident, and in southern counties rare winter resident. Eggs, May 6-26. N. H.— Uncommon resident, wintering from White Mts. south. Vr.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, April 22. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident; rare summer resident. Eggs, April 6-27. R. I1— Uncommon winter, and rare summer resident. Nov. 30- Mar. 25; summer. Eggs, April 5-30. 100 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident; rare summer resident. Sept._Mar.; summer. Eggs, Mar. 28—April 24 (May 25). 190. Burro LinEatus (Gmelin) Vieillot. Red-shouldered hawk; Chicken hawk; Hen hawk; Winter hawk. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 201; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S., 1893, pl. 8. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 7, fig. 1-5. Falco lineatus Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 268. “IN INSULA LoneGa,’ New YorRK. Open country and woods; nests in large trees. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident. (Mar. 4) Mar. 20—Oct. 21. Eggs, late April-May 24. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident north to southern valleys of White Mts. Mar. 27—Nov. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident (? winters). Mar. 17-fall. Eggs, April 22. Mass.— Common migrant, less common summer and winter resident. Eggs, April 3—June 6. R. I— Uncommon resident. Eggs, April 5-13. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident, less common summer resident. Eggs, April 5—June 1. 191. BurrEo swarNnsoni Bonaparte. Swainson’s hawk. Bonap., Geogr. and comparative list birds Europe and No. Amer., 1838, p. 3. Based on Audubon: “NEAR THE CoLUMBIA RIVER.” Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 203; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 9. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 8, fig. 1-6. AVES. 101 RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Open prairie country or edges of woods near streams; nests in trees. Mer.— Occasional visitor from West. May 19; Sept. 15, Oct. 8. Vr.— Rare visitor: Lunenburg. Mass.— Rare visitor (four records). April 20—Noyvy. 7. 192. BuTEO PLATYPTERUS (Vieillot) Faxon. Broad-winged hawk. Sparvius platypterus Vieill., Eneycl. méthod. ornith., 1823, vol. 3, p. 1273. Based on Wilson: “NEAR THE SCHUYLKILL.”’ Buteo latissimus (Wils.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 204; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S., 1893, pl. 10. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 7, fig. 10-13. Woodlands, and along streams; nests in trees. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident. (Mar. 31) April 11-Sept. 17. Eggs, May 2—June 12. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. April 8— sept. 15. Eggs, May 16. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. April 14—fall. Mass.— Uncommon migrant, and in remoter districts, a rare summer resident. April 12—Sept. 30 (Oct. 16). Eggs, May 7-31. R. I— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident. April— Oct. Eggs, May 15-19. Conn.— Uncommon migrant, and rare summer (and ? winter) resident. Eggs, May 3-18. 193. ARCHIBUTEO LAGOPUS SANCTI-JOHANNIS (Gmelin) Coues. American rough-legged hawk; Black hawk. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 205; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S. 1893, pl. 11. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 8, fig. 10-12. 102 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Falco S. johannis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 273. “IN FRETO HUDSONIS ET NOVA TERRA.” Open country; nests on cliffs or in trees. Me.— Uncommon fall and winter visitor. Oct. 28—Mar. N. H.— Uncommon irregular fall and winter visitor. Oct.— (May 6). Vr.— Rare fall and winter visitor. Oct. Mass.— Rare fall and winter visitor. Oct.—April 13 (May 8). R. I— Uncommon fall and winter visitor. Oct.—April 12. Conn.— Fall and winter visitor, irregular, but sometimes com- mon. Nov. 20—April. 194. Agui~a CHRYSAETOS (Linné) Spriingli. Golden eagle; Ring-tailed eagle. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 206; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 18. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 9, figs. 3, 5. Falco chrysaétos Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 88. “IN Europa.” Mountainous country; nests on cliffs or in large trees. Me.— Rare visitor; not now known to breed (young (?), Sandy Bay Mt., 1895). N. H.— Rare visitor; formerly rare resident in White Mts. Vr.— Rare visitor; formerly a resident. Mass.— Rare visitor at all seasons, not now known to breed. R. I.— Rare visitor in fall and winter. Conn.— Rare visitor, at all seasons. 195. HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS (Linné) Bole. Bald eagle; Gray eagle; Washington eagle (young); White- headed eagle. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 207; A. K. AVES. 103 RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 14. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 9, fig. 7. Falco leucocephalus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 124. “Iw AMERICA, EUROPA.” Open wild country, especially near lakes and seacoasts; nests in tall trees or on the ground. Me.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident coastwise. Eggs, April 4-21. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; rare in winter in southern part. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and, near coast, occasional at all seasons. No recent breeding records (formerly on Mt. Tom). R. I.— Occasional at all seasons, though not known to breed. Conn.— Occasional at all seasons, but most frequent as a mi- grant; formerly bred (Mt. Carmel, Saltonstall Ridge, West Peak). 196. Fatco 1sLtaAnpDuSs Briinnich. White gyrfalcon; White or Speckled hawk. Briinn., Ornith. borealis, 1764, p. 2. “‘IsLanpra.” Falco islandicus Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p- 81, pl. 19. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 2. Open country and barrens; nests on sea cliffs. Mer.— Accidental visitor: South Winn, Oct. 8, 1893; (nec Cape Elizabeth). N. H.— Doubtfully recorded (Errol, Nov. 4, 1868, Maynard). Mass.— Doubtfully recorded (Cambridge, Jan.—Feb., 1833, Nuttall). 197. Fatco rusticotus Linné. Gray gyrfalcon. _Limné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 88. “in Svecta.” 104 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Coues, Key to No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 2, p. 665; Brisson, Ornith., 1760, vol. 1, pl. 31. Open country; nests on cliffs. Me.— Accidental visitor: Cape Elizabeth, Oct. 13, 1877. 198. FAaLco RUSTICOLUS GYRFALCO (Linné) Stejneger. Gyrfalcon; MacFarlane’s gyrfalcon. Ridgway, Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 245-246. Falco gyrfalco Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 91. “IN Europa.” Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 6, pl. [367]. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 9, figs. 6, 8, 9. Open or mountainous country; nests on cliffs. Mer.— Very rare winter visitor: Jacques Id., Mar. 7, 1907; Ktaadn Iron Works, December, 1876; “‘Maine;’ North Deering, Dec. 11, 1906. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Very rare winter visitor: Melrose, Jan. 1, 1891; North- ampton, Feb., 1880; Stowe, 1881. R. I.— Very rare winter visitor: Point Judith, Oct. 11, 1883; near Providence, winter, 1864-65. 199. FALCO RUSTICOLUS OBSOLETUS (Gmelin) Stejneger. Black gyrfalcon; Labrador gyrfalcon. Ridgway, Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 245-246. Falco obsoletus Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 268. “IN FRETO HupSsoNIs.” Falco labradora Audubon, Ornith. biogr., vol. 2, Bl 196. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 10, fig. 1. Open and mountainous country; nests on cliffs or rarely in trees. Mez.— Rare fall and winter visitor. Sept.—Mar. 22. N. H.— Rare winter visitor: Milford, January, 1891. AVES. 105 RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Mass.— Rare fall and winter visitor (four records). Oct.— Mar. 11. R. I.— Rare fall and winter visitor: Conanicut Id., Nov. 22, 1891; Newport, Oct. 28, 1896; Tiverton, Dec. 26, 1896. 200. FAaLCO PEREGRINUS ANATUM (Bonaparte) Blasius. Duck hawk; American peregrine falcon; Black hawk (Vt.); Bullet hawk; Great-footed hawk; Ledge hawk. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 209; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1898, pl. 15. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 10, fig. 5—7. Falco anatum Bonap., Geogr. and comparative list birds Europe and No. Amer., 1838, p. 4. ““NorTHERN PARTS” of No. America. Open and mountainous country; nests on ledges or in cavities of large trees. Mer.— Rare summer resident. Mar. 14-Oct. Eggs, April 14. N. H., Vr.— Rare migrant and local summer resident. Mar. 14— Oct. Vrt., Eggs, May 2—June 30. Mass.— Rare migrant, and in western mountains, rare local summer resident; rare in winter. Eggs, April 15—-May 23. R. I— Rare migrant. May; Oct. Conn.— Rare migrant, summer and winter resident. Eggs, May 9 (large young, May 25, Talcott Mt.). 201. Fauco coLuMBARIUS Linné. Pigeon hawk. einem Syst. mar, ede 10,.1758) wolk Ih p. CON sy AMmETe AS: Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 210; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S., 1893, pl. 16. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 10, figs. 4, 8. Woods and open country; nests in low trees. 106 FAUNA .OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. Mer.— Uncommon migrant, rare in winter and summer; prob- ably breeds in northern counties (fledglings noted, Knight). Mar. 28-May 13; (summer ; Sept.—Oct. 10 (Dec. 1, 1906, Westbrook; Feb. 22, 1907, Scarborough). N. H— Uncommon migrant. May; Aug.—Sept. Vr.— Uncommon migrant; doubtfully recorded in summer. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident. April 10—May 16; Sept. 7—-Nov. 24; winter. R. I Uncommon migrant, mainly in fall, and rare winter resident. April 24-May; Sept. 3-Noy. 21 (Jan.). Conn.— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident; doubt- fully recordedin summer. April; (? Aug.); Sept. 25-Nov.; winter. 202. FawLco TINNUNCULUS Linné. Kestrel. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 90. “in EvRopaE TURRIBUS.”’ Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 6, p. [113], pl. [884]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 7, pl. 4, fig. 5. Open and wooded country; nests in dense woods, on cliffs, or in towers of buildings. Mass.— Accidental visitor from Old World: Nantasket Beach, Sept. 29, 1889. 203. FALco SPARVERIUS Linné. American sparrow hawk; Killyhawk; Pigeon hawk. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p.90. “‘“AmErica.” Chap- man, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 211; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S., 1893, pl. 17. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 10, fig. 11-16. Open country; nests in cavities of trees or rarely of buildings. Mer.— Uncommon niigrant and summer resident; rare winter AVES. 107 RAPTORES. FALCONES. FALCONIDAE. resident in southern part (Portland, 1907-08; Yarmouth, Jan. 10, 1904). Mar. 19—-Oct. 15 (winter). Eggs, May 30. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident north to White Mt. valleys. Mar. 15-Oct. Eggs, May 16. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Mar. 21-fall. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; uncommon winter resident near coast. Eggs, April 27-May 26. R. I— Uncommon migrant, rare winter and summer resident. Eggs, May 10. Conn.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, April 26—May 7. 204. PANDION HALIAETUS CAROLINENSIS (Gmelin) Ridgway. American osprey; Fish hawk. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 212; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 18938, pl. 18. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 10, fig. 17; pl. 11, fig. 5-9. Falco haliaétos y. carolinensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 263. “AmErica.” Seacoasts and vicinity of large streams and lakes; nests in high or low trees, on rocks or artificial sites. Mer.— Common summer resident. (Mar. 28) April 5-Oct. 15. Eggs, May 8—June 19. N. H— Uncommon migrant; formerly bred at Lake Umbagog. April; Aug.—Noyv. 1. Vrt.— Uncommon migrant. Mass.— Common migrant, and in Bristol Co. a summer resi- dent. (Mar. 16) April 2-May 29; summer; Aug. 26—Nov. 11. Eggs, May 8—July. R. I.— Common migrant and summer resident coastwise. Mar. 24-Oct. 21. Eggs, May 2-24. Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon summer resident coastwise. Mar. 20-Nov. 13 (Dec. 1). Eggs, May 5—July 4. 108 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES, STRIGES. ALUCONIDAE. 205. ALUCO PRATINCOLA (Bonaparte) A. O. U. comm. American barn owl; Monkey-faced owl. Strix pratincola Bonap., Geogr. and comparative list birds Europe and No. Amer., 1838, p. 7. “‘NoRTHERN PARTS”’ of No. America. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 213; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 19. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 1. Open country, hiding in hollow trees and cavities during the day; nests in hollow trees, burrows, cavities in cliffs or buildings. Me.— Erroneously recorded from Falmouth. Vt.— Accidental visitor: Danby, 1902; Lyndon, June 4, 1894. Mass.-— Rare visitor. May—Dec. R. I.— Rare visitor; five records. Conn.— Rare visitor. June 11—Oct. 28. STRIGIDAE. 206. ASIO WILSONIANUS (Lesson) Coues. American long-eared owl; Cat owl. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 214; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 20. Egg, Bendire, 1892, Volt pla ton 2: Otus wilsonianus Less., Traité d’ornith., vol. 1, 1831, jo. LO. “res Erats-Unis....PENSYLVANIE....NEw-YorRK.” Dense woods and swamps; nests in trees, usually in old crow or hawk nests. Me., N. H., Vt.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, May 1. Mass.— Uncommon fall and winter visitor, rare summer resi- dent. Eggs, April 1-May 14. R. I— Rare resident. Eggs, April 10. Conn.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, early April—April 25. AVES. 109 RAPTORES. _ STRIGES. STRIGIDAE. 207. AsIo FLAMMEUS (Pontoppidan) A. O. U. comm. Short-eared owl; Bog owl; Gray marsh owl; Marsh owl. Strix flammea Pontopp., Danske atlas, 1763, vol. 1, p. 617, pl. 25. Based on Linné: [Sweden]. Asio accipitrinus (Pallas). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 215; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S., 1893, pl. 21. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 3. Open country and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Uncommon resident, more common migrant near coast. N. H.— Uncommon migrant. April; Noy. Vr.— Uncommon migrant (? winters). Mass.— Uncommon migrant mainly near coast, rare in winter; rare summer resident. Mar. 15—April 15; summer; Sept. 24-Noyv. 30 (winter). R. I— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident; may winter rarely. April; Oct. 26—Dec. 23. Eggs, April 28. Conn.— Uncommon migrant; rare summer and winter resident. 208. Srrrx VARIA Barton. Barred owl; Barn owl (Me.); Black-eyed owl; Hoot owl; Round-headed owl. Strix varius Barton, Fragm. nat. hist. Penna., 1799, p. 11. *“PENNSYLVANIA. ” Syrnium nebulosum (Forst.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 215; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U.S., 1893, pl. 22. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 4. Heavy woods, preferably near water; nests in hollows of trees or in abandoned hawk or crow nests. Mer.— Rather common resident. Eggs, Mar. 27. N. H.— Rather common resident up to 3000 feet. Vt.— Rather common resident. 110 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. STRIGES. STRIGIDAE. Mass.— Uncommon resident, more pe in fall migration. Eggs, Mar. 27—May 13. R. I— Uncommon resident, occasionally more common in fall and winter. Eggs, Mar. 15—April 12. Conn.— Uncommon resident. Eggs (Feb.), Mar. 1—April 30 (May 10). 209. ScoTIAPTEX NEBULOSA (Forster) Preble. Great gray owl; Cinereous owl; Spectral owl. Strix nebulosa Forst., Phil. trans. roy. soc. London, 1772, vol. 62, p. 424. “circa Stnum Hupsonis.” Strix cinerea Gmel. Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali- Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 77, pl. 31. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 127, snl, Wooded country; nests in trees. Me.— Rare and irregular winter visitor. Noy. 8—Mar. 2. N. H.— Rare winter visitor. Vr.— Rare and irregular winter visitor. Noy. 27—Feb. 11. Mass.— Rare winter visitor. Nov. 10—Mar. 4. R. I.— Very rare winter visitor: Fox Island, Mar. 25, 1883; near Providence, 1870, Nov. 19, 1906. Conn. 1 North Haven, Jan. 18, 1893; Stratford, Jan. 6, 1848. 210. GLAUX FUNEREA RICHARDSONI (Bonaparte) A. O. U. comm. Richardson’s owl; Sparrow owl. Nyctale richardsoni Bonap., Geogr. and comparative list birds Europe and No. Amer., 1838, p. 7. Based on Audubon: “at Baneoor, IN MAINE, ON THE PENOBSCOT RIVER.” Striz tengmalmc Linné. Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor- eali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 94, pl. 32. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 6. AVES. Wil RAPTORES. STRIGES. STRIGIDAE. Wooded country; nests in holes in trees. Me.— Winter visitor of irregular abundance. (Sept.) Novy. 30- Mar. 16. N. H.— Rare winter visitor. Dec. 15—Mar. 1. Vt.— Rare winter visitor. Mass.— Rare winter visitor. Nov. 26—Mar. R. I.— Rare winter visitor (four records). Dec. 18. Conn.— Rare winter visitor: East Windsor, 1859. 211. Gnaux acapicus (Gmelin) A. O. U. comm. Saw-whet owl; Acadian owl; Little owl. Strix acadica Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 296. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Nyctala acadica (Gmel.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 217. Ulula acadica (Gmel.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, Pls soemeoombendire 1892, svolade ple 12 shor 7p Dense woods; nests in old woodpecker holes or cavities of trees. Me., N. H.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, April 6. Vrt.— Uncommon resident, mainly in northern part. Mass.— Uncommon resident, breeding locally. Eggs, ell +- May 1 (July 3). R. I— Uncommon winter visitor; may breed rarely. Nov.— Feb. Conn.— Rare resident. 212. Orus asio (Linné) Stone. Screech owl; Cat owl; Little horned owl; Mottled owl; Red owl. Strix asio Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 92. “AmmEr- GAS {EY FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. STRIGES. STRIGIDAE. Megascops asio (Linné). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 218; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, pl. 23. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 8. Open woods, orchards, and shade trees; nests in cavities of trees. Mer.— Rare resident. N. H.— Uncommon resident of southern part, becoming rare in southern valleys of White Mts. Vr.— Uncommon resident at lower elevations. Mass.— Common resident. Eggs, April 15—-May 5. R. I— Common resident. Eggs, April 7-May 2. Conn.— Common resident. Eggs, April 7-26. 213. Buso vireinranus (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Great horned owl; Cat owl; Eagle owl; Hoot owl. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 219; A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. 8., 1893, pl. 24. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 12. Strix virginiana Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 287. “IN OMNI AMERICA, IN ASTRACANIA AD CAMSCHATCAM USQUE, ET POLO ARCTICO PROPIUS.” Heavy woods; nests in cavities of trees, in open nests on the branches, or rarely on the ground. Me., N. H— Uncommon resident. Eggs, Mar. 11-23. Vr.— Uncommon resident. Mass.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, Feb. 17—April 20. R. I— Rare resident. Eggs, Feb. 28—Mar. 11. Conn.— Uncommon resident. Eggs, Feb. 19-Mar. 8 (April 12, second laying). / 214. BuBo VIRGINIANUS SUBARCTICUS (Hoy) Ridgway. Arctic horned owl. Bubo subarcticus Hay, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1852, vol. 6, p. 211. “Wisconsin.” AVES. | 1153 RAPTORES. STRIGES. STRIGIDAE. Strix arctica Swains. Swains. and Richardson, Fauna Boreali- Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 87, pl. 32. Heavy woods or open country; nests probably in cavities of trees, or on their branches. Mer.— Accidental visitor: ‘“‘Maine’; Brownfield, 1886. (Knight supposes these to be “pale or faded individuals of the typi- cal Horned Owl.’’) Mass.— Accidental visitor: Waltham, Nov. 30, 1867. 215. BUBO VIRGINIANUS HETEROCNEMIS (Oberholser) A. O. U. comm. Labrador horned owl. Asio magellanicus heterocnemis Oberh., Proc. U. 8. nat. mus., 1904, vol. 27, p. 187 “Lance av Loup, LaBrapor.” Dense forests; nests in trees. Mr — Accidental visitor: near Portland, Mar. 1870 (recorded as B. v. saturatus). 216. Nycrrea nycTEA (Linné) Lichtenstein. Snowy owl; Arctic owl; White owl. Stria nyctea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 938. “IN Europa & AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Surnia nyctea (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, py lis, pl 285 Bee, Bendire, 1892; vol. pl. 12) fig. 19. Open country and barren grounds; nests on the ground. Mer.— Uncommon fall and winter visitor. (Sept.) Oct. 15- Feb. N. H.— Late fall and winter visitor, sometimes common; acci- dental in summer (Concord, July). Oct. 10—April (July). Vr.— Irregular fall and winter visitor. Oct. 20. Mass.— Irregular fall and winter visitor, sometimes common. (Oct. 12) Oct. 28-April 15 (May 20). 114 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. RAPTORES. STRIGES. STRIGIDAE. R. I.— Uncommon and irregular winter visitor. Nov. 3—Feb. 15. Conn.— Uncommon and irregular winter visitor. Oct. 17. 217. SURNIA ULULA CAPAROCH (Miiller) Stejneger. American hawk owl; Day owl. Strix caparoch Miill., Linné’. Vollstand. natursyst., suppl., 1776, p. 69. “Europa.” Surnia funerea Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p- 112, pl. 27. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 18. Open country or woods; nests in trees or rarely in cliffs. ) Me.— Rare fall and winter visitor. Oct. 24—Mar. 10 (April 16, 1906, Van Buren). N. H.— Rare fall and winter visitor. Oct. 25-(April 20, Con- necticut Lakes). Vr.— Rare fall and winter visitor; (? summer in north). Novy. 2—winter. Mass.— Rare fall and winter visitor. Nov. 16—Mar. 25. R. I.— Rare winter visitor: West Greenwich, Nov. 16, 1906; (also one doubtful record). Conn.— Rare winter visitor: New Haven, Nov. 1869. 218. SPEOTYTO CUNICULARIA HYPOGAEA (Bonaparte) Coues. Burrowing owl. A. K. Fisher, Hawks and owls of U. S., 1893, p. 195, pl. 25. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 12, fig. 14. Strix hypogaea Bonap., Amer. ornith., 1825, vol. 1, p. 72, pl. 7, fig. 2. “‘WESTERN AMERICAN TERRITORY.” Open prairie country; nests in old burrows of prairie-dogs and spermophiles. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Newburyport, May 5, 1875. AVES. 115 COCCYGES. CUCULI. CUCULIDAE. 219. CoccyzUs AMERICANUS (Linné) Bonaparte. Yellow-billed cuckoo; Chow-chow; Egg sucker; Milk sourer; Rain crow; Rain dove. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 293, pl. 275. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 5, fig. 1. Cuculus americanus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. ili, oC Amon.” Thickets, shade trees, and open woods; nests in low trees or bushes. Mer.— Rare summer resident in southern counties. May 18- Aug. N. H.— Rare summer resident of coast and southern valleys. May-—Sept. Vr.— Rare summer resident at lower elevations. May—summer. Eggs, June 4—July 10. Mass.— Uncommon summer resident, mainly of south and east parts. (May 4) May 9-Sept. 26 (Oct. 6; Nov.). Eggs, May 20— June 30. R. I—Summer resident, sometimes common. May 9-Sept. 25 (Oct. 23). Eggs, May 24-30. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 7-Sept. (Oct. 11). Eggs, June 1—July 24 (Aug. 4, 18, 26, Sept. 23). 220. CoccyzUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Wilson) Bonaparte. Black-billed cuckoo; Chow-chow; Egg sucker; Milk sourer; Rain crow; Rain dove. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 300, pl. 276. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4. Cuculus erythropthalma Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 4, p. 16, pl. 28. “GroraIaA.” Thickets, shade trees, and open woods; nests in low trees or bushes. 116 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. COCCYGES. CUCULI. CUCULIDAE. Mer.— Common summer resident. May 11-Sept. 14. Eggs, June 17. N. H.— Common summer resident at lower elevations. May 12- Sept. 22 (Oct. 5). Vr.— Common summer resident. Eggs, (Aug. 13). Mass.— Common summer resident. May 4-Sept. 27 (Oct. 21). Eggs, May 20—June 17. R. I— Common summer resident. May 11-Sept. 16. Eggs, May 27—June 1. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 15-Sept. 28 (Nov. 28, 1888, Stratford). Eggs, June 7—July 24 (Aug. 26). ALCYONES. ALCEDINIDAE. 221. CERYLE ALCYON (Linné) Bonaparte. Belted kingfisher; Kingfisher; Lazy-bird. Alcedo alcyon Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 115. “America.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 205, pl. 255. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, fig. 3. Vicinity of bodies of water; nests in burrows excavated in banks. Mer.— Common summer resident. April 12-Sept. (Dec. 27). Eggs, June 1. N. H.— Common summer resident; rare winter resident near open streams. Mar —Nov. 24 (winter). Eggs, May 20. Vr.— Common summer resident; rare winter resident. Mar. 27—Oct. (winter, Brattleboro). Mass.— Common summer resident, and rare winter resident. Mar. 15—Dec. 5 (winter). Eggs, May 15—June 6. R. I—Common summer and uncommon winter resident. Mar—Oct. 20; winter. Eggs, May 15-20. Conn.— Common summer and uncommon winter resident. Mar. 29—Nov. 13; winter. Eggs, May 14. AVES. ial rg PICI. PICIDAE. 222. DRYOBATES VILLOSUs (Linné) Cabanis. Hairy woodpecker; Big guinea woodpecker; Big sapsucker. Prcus villosus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 175. “Tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.”’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 244, pl. 262. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, fig. 9. Forests; nests in holes dug in dead or live trees. Me.— Common resident. Eggs, May 28. N. H.— Common resident up to 4500 ft. Vr— Uncommon resident. Eggs, June 8. Mass.— Uncommon winter visitor and less common summer resident, especially in western part. Eggs, April 22—May 30. R. I— Uncommon fall and winter visitor and rare summer resident (Chepachet, Cranston). Sept. 1—Mar.; summer. Eggs, May 12-28. Conn.— Uncommon fall and winter visitor, rare summer resident. Eggs, May 2-9. 223. DRYOBATES PUBESCENS MEDIANUS (Swainson) Brewster. Downy woodpecker; Little guinea woodpecker; Little sap- sucker. Picus (Dendrocopus) medianus Swains., in Swains. and Richard- son, Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 308. “MIDDLE PARTS or Nort America....NEW JERSEY.” Dryobates pubescens (Linné). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 230; Bird-life, 1898, pl. 24. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 14, fig. 10. Open woods, shade and orchard trees; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Mer.— Common resident. Eggs, May 27. N. H— Common resident, mainly below 3000 ft. Vt.— Common resident. 118 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PICI. PICIDAE. Mass.— Common resident, most conspicuous in fall and winter. Eggs, May 20—June 21. R. I— Uncommon summer and common winter resident. Eggs, May 12-25. Conn.— Common resident. 224. PicoIDES ARCTICUS (Swainson) Gray. Arctic three-toed woodpecker; Black-backed three-toed wood- pecker. Picus (Apternus) arcticus Swains., in Swains. and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 313, pl. 57. “NEAR THE SOURCES OF THE ATHABASCA RIVER, LaT. 57°.” Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 14, fig. 11. Evergreen forests; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Mer.— Uncommon winter visitor, and in northern and western counties, rare resident. Eggs, May 23. N. H.— Rare resident above 3000 ft. in White Mts., south to Mt. Passaconaway and possibly on Mt. Monadnock (Keene, breeding), elsewhere rare visitor. Vr.— Rare resident in northern part and on higher peaks (nests at Burlington, Lunenburg, Sherburne, Pico Peak, etc.); occasional visitor to lower country in fall and winter. Eggs, May 29, June 1. Mass.— Occasional fall and winter visitor. (Late Sept.) Oct. 16—April 27 (July, 1888, Boxford; Aug. 11, 1883, Dorchester). Conn.— Rare winter visitor: East Windsor Hill; Simsbury, 1860. 225. PICOIDES AMERICANUS Brehm. American three-toed woodpecker; Banded-backed woodpecker; Ladder-backed woodpecker. Picoides americana Brehm, Handb. d. naturgesch. aller vogel Deutschl., 1831, p. 195. “AMERIKA.” AVES. 119 PICI. PICIDAE. Picus hirsutus Vieill. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 268, pl. 269. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 14, fig. 12. Evergreen forests; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Me.— Rare winter visitor, and in north and west, a rare resident. Eggs, June 2. N. H.— Rare resident above 3000 ft., south to Sandwich range; elsewhere rare winter visitor. Eggs, June 4. Vr.— Rare winter visitor and local resident (Pico Peak above 2500 ft.). Mass.— Rare winter visitor. April 28. 226. SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS (Linné) Baird. Yellow-bellied sapsucker; Red-throated sapsucker; Squealing or Whining woodpecker. © Picus varius Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 176. “‘IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.”’ DeKay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 2, p. 188, pl. 18, fig. 38; Bonaparte, Amer. ornith., 1825, vol. 1, pl. 8, figs. 1,2. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 14, fig. 13. Woods, orchards, and shade trees; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Me.— Common migrant and in northern counties a common summer resident. (Mar. 8 and 31) April 10 — Oct. 26 (Nov. 15). Eggs, May 15—June 8. N. H— Common migrant and in northern half a common sum- mer resident up to 3000 ft.; accidental winter resident (Charles- town, 1898-99). April 14—Oct. 20 (winter). Vr.— Common migrant, less common summer resident. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and accidental winter resident; in Berkshire Co. a rare summer resident. April 4-May 10; summer; Sept. 10—Nov. 1 (winter). R. I—Uncommon migrant. (Mar. 23)—April; Sept. 26—Oct. 11. Conn.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Mar. 30- May 3; Sept. 28-Oct. (Dec. 21, 1908, New Haven). 120 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PICI. PICIDAE. 227. PHLOEOTOMUS PILEATUS ABIETICOLA (Bangs )A. O. U. comm. Northern pileated woodpecker; Black woodpecker; Cock of the woods; Laughing woodpecker; Logcock; Stump-breaker; Woodchuck; Woodcock; Woodhen. Ceophloeus pileatus abieticola Bangs, Auk, 1898, vol. 15, p. 176. ‘*GREENVILLE, MAINE.” Picus pileatus Linné. DeKay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 2, pl. 18, fig. 35. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 14, fig. 6. Heavy timber; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Me.— Uncommon resident in wilder portions. Eggs, May 11- May 28. N. H.— Rare resident mainly in northern and western parts. Vr.— Rare resident, breeds south to Taftsville, Townshend, Wells River. Eggs, May 22. Mass.— Rare resident in western counties; elsewhere casual. Eggs, May 17. Conn.— Rare or now an accidental visitor (Granby, Nov. 1, 1890, 1894-95; Litchfield, June 20, 1908). 228. MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS (Linné) Swainson. Red-headed woodpecker. Picus erythrocephalus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 113. “America.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 274, pl. 271. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 14, fig. 14. Open woodlands and shade trees; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Me.— Occasional visitor, mainly in spring and fall; said to have bred in York Co. N. H.— Rare and irregular visitor in southern half. May 25- Sept. Vr.— Irregular visitor at all seasons, sometimes common; resi- dent and bred in western part about 1880 (Orwell, Rutland). AVES. 121 PICI. PICIDAE. Mass.— Rare irregular visitor at all seasons, sometimes breeding (Agawam, Brookline, Newton). Eggs, May—June 17. R. I.— Irregular visitor, sometimes common in fall; rare sum- mer resident (Providence Co.; Warwick, young in nest, July 28, 1882). Eggs, May 28. Conn.— Rare summer resident and irregular visitor at all sea- sons; formerly more common. 229. CENTURUS CAROLINUS (Linné) Bonaparte. Red-bellied woodpecker. Picus carolinus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 113. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” DeKay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 2, p. 189, pl. 17, fig. 37. Wooded bottomlands; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Mass.— Accidental visitor (five records). May—Noy. R. I— Accidental visitor: near Providence, two specimens. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Hartford; Stratford, Oct. 16, 1842. Suffield, July 30, 1874. 230. COLAPTES AURATUS LUTEUS Bangs. Northern flicker; Anteater; Clape; Golden-winged woodpecker; Grasshopper woodpecker (Vt.); Harry wicket; High-hole; Pigeon woodpecker; Wake-up; Yafile; Yellow jay; Yellow- hammer; Yellow-wing (Mass.); Yucker. Bangs, Auk, 1898, vol. 15, p. 177. “Watrertown, Mass.” Colaptes awratus (Linné). Chapman, Bird-life, 1898, p. 116, pl. 26. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 14, fig. 15. Open woods, orchards, fields, clearings; nests in holes excavated in dead trees, or in cavities. Mer.— Common summer, and near coast, a rare winter resident. Mar. 11—Nov. 13 (winter). Eggs, May 27—June 14. 122 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PICI. PICIDAE. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident below 2000 ft.; rare winter resident near coast. Eggs, May 24. Vt.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 18-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident, mainly near coast. Eggs, May 6—June 20. R. I— Common migrant, less common summer and winter resident. Mar. 18—-Nov.; winter. Eggs, April 29-May 19. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident. Mar. 28-Nov. 28; winter. Eggs, May 18- June 9. MACROCHIRES. CAPRIMULGI. CAPRIMULGIDAE. 231. ANTROSTOMUS CAROLINENSIS (Gmelin) Gould. Chuck-will’s-widow. | Caprimulgus carolinensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 1028. “‘Vireinta & Carouina.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 151, pl. 41. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9. Woods and thickets, active at night; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Revere (Oct. or Dec.), 1884. Conn.— Accidental visitor: New Haven, May 19, 1889 (after southerly storm). 232. ANTROSTOMUS VocIFERUS (Wilson) Bonaparte. Whip-poor-will. Caprimulgus vociferus Wils., Amer. ornith., 1812, vol. 5, p. 71, pl. 41, fig. 1-8. ‘Kentucky.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 155, pl. 42. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11. Woods and thickets, active at night; nests on the ground. Mr.— Common summer resident. April 28-Sept. 21. AVES. P43 MACROCHIRES. CAPRIMULGI. CAPRIMULGIDAE. N. H.— Common summer resident north to White Mt. valleys. May 6-Sept. 26. VtT.— Common summer resident at lower elevations. May 5- Sept. 16. Eggs, May 24-31. Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 22) April 30-Sept. 25. Eggs, May 18—June 9. R. I— Common summer resident. April 25-fall. Eggs, May 25-June 8. Conn.— Common summer resident. Late April-Sept. (Nov. 1, 1880, Noank). Eggs, May 20-June 5 (July 4). 233. CHORDEILES VIRGINIANUS (Gmelin) Swainson. Nighthawk; Bull-bat; Mosquito hawk; Pork-and-beans. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 159, pl. 43. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, fig. 1-3. Caprimulgus virgimanus Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 1028. “in AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI, PRAESERTIM VIRGINIA.” Woods, thickets, or in cities and open country; nests on the ground or on flat gravelled roofs; largely nocturnal. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 11, East Hebron; April 22) May 3-Sept. 14. Eggs, June 26—July 4. N. H.— Common migrant and at lower altitudes a less common summer resident. (April 17) May 9-Sept. 15. Eggs, June 10. V7r.— Common migrant and summer resident. May-—Sept. Mass.— Common migrant, less common summer resident. (April 23) May 9-Oct. 6. Eggs, June 5-15. R. I.— Common migrant (mainly inland), and summer resident. (April 7) May-Sept. (Oct.) Eggs, June 5-8. Conn.— Common migrant and less common summer resident. May 11-Oct. Eggs, June 3-23. 124 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. MACROCHIRES. . CYPSELI. MICROPODIDAE. 234. CHAETURA PELAGICA (Linné) Stephens. Chimney swift; Chimney-bird; Chimney swallow. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p- 239; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 28. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, fig. 25. Hirundo pelagica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 192. “AMERICA.” Lives largely on the wing; rests and nests in hollow trees, chim- neys, or barns. Me.— Common summer resident. April 26—-Sept. 11. Eggs, June 15-July 10. N. H.— Common summer resident. April 27-Sept. 7 (Oct. 1). Vr.— Common summer resident. May 1—Sept. Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 18) April 25-Sept. 25 (Oct. 12, 1907, Sharon). Eggs, June 10-30. R. I— Common summer resident. April 26-Sept. 17. Eggs, June 10—July 1. Conn.— Common summer resident. (April 14) April 21—Sept. 27. Eggs, June 24. TROCHILI. TROCHILIDAE. 235. ‘TROCHILUS COLUBRIS Linné. | Ruby-throated hummingbird. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 120. “iv America, IMPRIMIS SEPTENTRIONALI.” DeKay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 21, p. 46, pl. 40, fig. 87. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, fig. 21. Open country, haunting flower growths; nests in trees. Mer.— Common summer resident. May 6—-Sept. 26 (Oct. 1). N. H.—Common migrant, less common summer resident at lower elevations. May 13-Sept. 25. Eggs, June 29-July 15. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. May 15-Sept. AVES. 125 MACROCHIRES. TROCHILI. TROCHILIDAE. Mass.— Common migrant, less common summer resident, (May 1) May 6-Sept. 23 (Oct. 15). Eggs, May 24—June 15. R. I— Common summer resident. (May 3) May 6—-Sept. 23. Eggs, May 20—July 4. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 5-Oct. 5 (Oct. 16). Eggs, May 27—-June 3 (Aug. 4). PASSERES. CLAMATORES. TYRANNIDAE. 236. MusctIvora FoRFICATA (Gmelin) Oberholser. Scissor-tailed flycatcher. Muscicapa forficata Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 931. “IN NovA Hispania.” Bonaparte, Amer. ornith., 1825, vol. 1, p. LS pla2tiowle Lee Bendires 1895; vol. 27 plyiestigs: 125 13: Open tree-grown country; nests in trees. Vr.— Accidental visitor: St. Johnsbury, ? 1884. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Wauregan, about April 27, 1876. 237. ‘TYRANNUS TYRANNUS (Linné) Jordan. Kingbird. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 243; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 30. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15. Lanius tyrannus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 94. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Orchards and tree growth along streams and lakes; nests in trees. Mer.— Common summer resident. May 3-Sept. 12 (Sept. 25). Eggs, June 15. N. H.—Common summer resident north to the White Mt. valleys. May 3-Sept. 11. Vr.— Common summer resident. May 5-Sept. Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 27) May 3-Sept. 19 (Sept. 26). Eggs, May 30—July 4 (July 17). 126 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. CLAMATOREHS. TYRANNIDAE. ; R. I— Common summer resident. May 1-Sept. 12 (Sept. 28). Eggs, May 31—June 17. Conn.— Common summer resident. (April 13, 26) May 1- Sette LS, 238. ‘TYRANNUS DOMINICENSIS (Gmelin) Richardson. Gray kingbird. Lanius tyrannus 8. dominicensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 302. “1nsuza S. Dominici ET Jamatca.” Muscicapa dominicensis Brisson. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 201, pl. 55. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4. Tree growth along seacoasts and large streams; nests in low trees. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Lynn, Oct. 23, 1869. 239. ‘TYRANNUS VERTICALIS Say. Arkansas kingbird. Say, Long’s Exped. to Rocky Mts., 1823, vol. 2, p. 60. On the ““ARKANSA” River. Muscicapa verticalis (Say). Bonaparte, Amer. ornith., 1825, vol. 1, p. 18, pl. 2, fig. 2. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17. Open country, usually near water; nests in trees. Mer.— Accidental visitor: Eliot, Oct., ? 1864. 240. Myrarcuus crinitus (Linné) Lichtenstein. Crested flycatcher; Great crested flycatcher. Muscicapa crinita Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 325. “In AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 209, pl. 57. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9. Open woods; nests in hollow limbs. AVES. a7 PASSERES. CLAMATORES. TYRANNIDAE. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident, mainly in southern part. May 8—-Sept. 20. Eggs, June 11-25. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident north to White Mt. valleys. May 13-Sept. Eggs, early June—July 7. Vr.— Common summer resident. May 8—Sept. Mass.— Uncommon summer resident. (May 1) May 9-Sept. 26 (Oct. 15). Eggs, June 13-27. R. I1— Uncommon summer resident. May 2-Aug. 23. Eggs, June 5, 6. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 4-Sept. 17. Eggs, May 27—June 13. 241. SAYORNIS PHOEBE (Latham) Stejneger. Phoebe; Barn, Bridge, or House pewee; Bridge-bird; Pewit. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1907, pt. 4, p. 594. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, fig. 28. Muscicapa phoebe Lath., Index ornith., 1790, vol. 2, p. 489. ‘“tIn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI, NOVEBORACO.” Muscicapa fusca Bonap. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1834, vol. 22 p. 122) ple 120: Borders of streams and ponds, or about buildings; nests under bridges or culverts, or on projections of buildings or ledges. Mere— Common summer resident. Mar. 22—-Oct. 19 (Noy. 24, 1884, Brewer). Eggs, May 7—June 24. N. H.— Common summer resident at lower elevations. Mar. 22-Oct. 17. Eggs, June 7—July. Vt.— Common summer resident. Mar. 22-fall. Mass.— Common summer resident. (Feb. 20) Mar. 12—Oct. 26 (Nov. 15). Eggs, April 27-May 10; June 13—-July 3 es brood) ; Aug. 15 (? 3d brood). R. I—Common summer resident. Mar. 8—Oct. 7. Eggs, May 7-12. 128 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. CLAMATORES. TYRANNIDAE. Conn.— Common summer and rare or accidental winter resi- dent (New Haven, Dec. 21, 1906—Mar. 10, 1907; Dec. 25, 1907). (Feb. 25) Mar. 11—Oct. 30 (winter). Eggs, May 12—June 11; July 10. 242. SAYORNIS SAYA (Bonaparte) Baird. Say’s phoebe. Muscicapa saya Bonap., Amer. ornith., 1825, vol. 1, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 3. “NEAR THE ARKANSAW RIVER, ABOUT TWENTY MILES FROM THE Rocxy Mountains.” Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 1, fig. 29. Open country; nests under bridges, projections of buildings and ledges. Mass.— Accidental visitor: North Truro, Sept. 30, 1889. 243. NUTTALLORNIS BOREALIS (Swainson) Oberholser. Olive-sided flycatcher; Three-deer. Tyrannus borealis Swains., in Swains. and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 141, pl. 35. “‘CumBERLAND HovusgE, LAT. 54.°”) Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, figs. 15, 16. Mixed and coniferous woods; nests in trees. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident, south to Cape Elizabeth. May 7-Sept. 15. Eggs, June 17-23. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident. May 18-Sept. 14. Vr— Uncommon summer resident, mainly of mountainous regions. May 10-fall. Eggs, June 10-16. Mass.— Uncommon summer resident in western part, rare and local in the east. May 10-Sept. 10. Eggs, June 16—July. R. I— Rare migrant. May 14-24; ? fall. Conn.— Rare migrant; may breed in northwestern part. Spring; Aug. 5-Oct. 18. AVES. 129 PASSERES. CLAMATORES. TYRANNIDAE. 244. MyIocHANES VIRENS (Linné) Ridgway. Wood pewee; Dead-limb bird. Muscicapa virens Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 327. “TN CAROLINA AD RIPAS.”’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, pl. 64. Contopus virens (Linné). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 247. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, figs. 18, 19. Woods and shade trees; nests in trees. Mer.— Common summer resident. May 12-Sept. 27. Eggs, June 20. N. H— Common summer resident at lower elevations. May 17-Sept. 17. Eggs, June 9-16. Vr.— Common summer resident. May 19-Sept. Mass.— Common summer resident. (May 10) May 12-Sept. 26 (Oct. 1). Eggs, June 10—July 10. R. I— Common summer resident. May 12-Sept. 24. Eggs, June 15-30. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 10-Sept. 245. EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS (Baird) Baird. Yellow-bellied flycatcher. Tyrannula flaviventris Baird, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1843, vol. 1, p. 283. “NEAR CARLISLE, PENNSYLVANIA.” Muscicapa flaviventris (Baird). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 341, pl. 490. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, fig. 23. Damp evergreen thickets; nests among tree roots. Mzr.— Uncommon summer resident in northern part. May 21— June 1; summer—Sept. 8. Eggs, June 14-27. N. H.— Common summer resident above 3000 ft. from White Mts. north; local south to Dublin. May 18—Aug. (?Sept.). Eggs, June 14. 130 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. CLAMATORES. TYRANNIDAE. Vt.— Uncommon local summer resident at lower elevations south to Londonderry. May 16—-summer. Mass.— Rare migrant and possible summer resident on Mt. Greylock (June 15, 1907). (May 10) May 15-June 10 (June 15); Aug. 25-Sept. 10 (Nov. 29, 1876, Reading; Dec. 1, 1876, Newton). R. I— Rare migrant. May 21; (? July 27) Aug. 7. Conn.— Uncommon migrant. May 20-early June; Sept. 17. 246. EmMPpmDoNaX VIRESCENS (Vieillot) Brewster. Green-crested flycatcher; Acadian flycatcher. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 249. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, figs. 26, 27. Platyrhynchos virescens Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1818, vol. 27, p. 22. No locality, based on Wilson. Muscicapa acadica Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 221, pl. 62. Deep woods near water; nests, pensile, in low trees. Vr.— Rare summer resident: Bennington (nest with young, July 14, 1904); various doubtful records. Mass.— Very rare summer resident (Hyde Park, 1888; nec Springfield). Conn.— Rare local summer resident (Greenwich, Stamford, Suffield). Eggs, June 2-22. 247. EmMPImDONAX TRAILLII ALNORUM Brewster. Alder flycatcher; Traill’s flycatcher. Brewst., Auk, 1895, vol. 12, p. 161. “Upton, Marne.” Bird- lore, 1908, vol. 10, plate in no. 3, figs. 2,3. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 2, fig. 30. Alder swamps; nests in low bushes. Me.— Common local summer resident. (May 15) May 18- Sept. 5. Eggs, June 21. AVES. ey PASSERES. CLAMATORES. TYRANNIDAE. N. H.— Local summer resident below 2000 ft.; uncommon south of White Mts. (May 11, 16) May 20-Aug. 31. Eggs, June 22—July 8. Vr.— Uncommon local summer resident. (May 17) May 21- Sept. Eggs, June 13—-July 30. Mass.— Local summer resident, rare in eastern part (Essex and Middlesex Cos.), commoner in western. May 16—-June 6; summer—Aug. 24. Eggs, June 15—July 3. Conn.— Local summer resident (Norfolk). (May 6). 248. EmprpoNnaX MINIMUS (Baird) Baird. Least flycatcher; Chebec. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1907, pt. 4, p. 561. Bird- lore, 1908, vol. 10, plate in no. 3, fig. 1. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, Ole 4, ity, Bl ; Tyrannula minima Baird, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1843, p. 284. “NEAR CARLISLE, PENNSYLVANIA.” Orchards, shade trees, and borders of woods; nests in trees. Mer.— Common summer resident. (April 21) April 27-Aug. 31 (Sept. 5). Eggs, June 11. N. H.— Common summer resident below 2000 ft. April 29- Sept. Eggs, May—June 10; July 10—-late July (2d brood). Vr.— Common summer resident of low country. April 29- Sept. . Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 22) April 28-Sept. 21 (Oct. 2). Eggs, May 20—July 1 (2 broods). R. I— Common summer resident. (April 22) April 27-fall. Eggs, May 24—June 2. . Conn.— Common summer resident. April 26—Sept. 132 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. ALAUDIDAE. 249. Orocoris aLpEsTRis (Linné) Bonaparte. Horned lark; Shore lark. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1907, pt. 4, p. 303; Chap- man, Bird-life, 1898, pl. 34. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 259, pl. 58, fig. 15. Alauda alpestris Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 166. “In AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Seashores and open fields; nests on the ground. Me., N. H— Common migrant and winter resident, chiefly coastwise. (Sept. 25, Milo, Me.) Oct. 18—April (May 1-7, Monson, Me.). Vr.— Common migrant. Feb—Mar.; (Sept. 15)—Nov. Mass.— Common migrant, less common winter resident, mainly coastwise. (Sept. 27) Oct. 17—April 19 (May 27). R. I—Common migrant and winter resident. (Sept. 25)- April 15. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident, mainly coast- wise. Noy. 18—Mar. 26. | 250. OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS PRATICOLA Henshaw. Prairie horned lark. Hensh., Auk, 1884, vol. 1, p. 264. “Ricutanp Co., ILt.,” but type locality “DENvER, CoLorapo”’ (see Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1907, pt. 4, p. 311, foot note). Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 5, fig. 25. Eremophila cornuta (Wils.). Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. No. Amer. birds, 1874, vol. 2, pl. 32, fig. 2 (head of young). Open fields; nests on the ground. Me.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; casual in winter. Feb. 10-Mar. 30; summer—Nov. 26 (Jan. 24, 1899, Pittsfield). Eggs, May 12-31. AVES. has PASSERES. OSCINES. ALAUDIDAE. N. H.— Uncommon migrant, and in White Mt. valleys (? and summit of Mt. Washington, 1905) a rare summer resident. Feb. 28-Aug. Eggs and young, May 21, June 22. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident (at Burling- ton, Cornwall, Mt. Mansfield, Rygate, St. Albans, Stowe). Feb— fall. Eggs, Mar.—April 19. Mass.— Rare migrant and summer resident, occasional winter resident (Longmeadow). Feb. 19-Mar. 22; summer; Oct. 26- Dec. 15 (winter). Eggs, July 10. R. I— Rare migrant: Pawtuxet, Nov. 25, 1889. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident (Danbury, 1908, Litchfield, 1905, Washington, 1906); “occasional in winter.” Eggs, Mar. 25. 251. OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS HOYT! Bishop. Hoyt’s horned lark. Bishop, Auk, 1896, vol. 13, p. 130. ‘“‘Canpo, TowNER County, Norts Dakota.” Open country and coasts; nests on the ground. Conn.— Rare migrant and (?) winter resident: Guilford, Mar. 7, 1903;. West Haven, Jan. 24, 1905 (Bishop). CORVIDAE. 252. CYANOCITTA CRISTATA (Linné) Strickland. Blue jay; Corn-bird. Corvus cristatus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 106. ‘tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Garrulus cristatus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 110, pl. 231. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6. Woodlands; nests in trees. Mer.— Common migrant and resident. Eggs, May-June 4. 134 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. CORVIDAE. N. H.— Common migrant and summer deat less common in winter south of the White Mts. Vr.— Common migrant and resident. Eggs, May 11. Mass.— Common migrant and resident. Eggs, April 28—June 15. R. I— Common resident. Eggs, May 2-22. Conn.— Common resident. Eggs, May 5-June 13. 253. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS (Linné) Bonaparte. Canada jay; Camp robber; Caribou-bird; Gray jay; Grease- bird; Meat-bird; Meat hawk; Moose-bird; Venison hawk; Whiskey-Jack; Whiskey-John; Wiss-ka-chon (Indian). Corvus canadensis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 158, “CANADA.” Garrulus canadensis (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 121, pl. 234. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 3, figs. 18, 19) Fir and spruce forests; nests in trees. Mer.— Uncommon resident in northern part, south to Umbagog; elsewhere casual. Eggs, Mar. 16-28. N. H.— Uncommon resident above 3000 ft. on Sandwich Range north; elsewhere casual. Vr.— Uncommon resident in northern part and on high peaks (Mt. Mansfield); elsewhere casual (Somerset, Aug. 5, 1896). Mass.— Accidental visitor: Lexington (nec Arlington Heights), Oct. 16, 1889; Newtonville, early summer, 1875; Salem, Oct. 25, 1878. 254. CORVUS CORAX PRINCIPALIS Ridgway. Northern raven. Ridgw., Manual No. Amer. birds, 1887, p. 361. “‘“NorTHERN NortH AMERICA, FROM GREENLAND TO ALASKA, SOUTH TO BRITISH CoLumBra, Canapa, NEw BRUNSWICK.” AVES. 135 PASSERES. OSCINES. CORVIDAE. Corvus corax Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1843, vol. 4, p. 78, pl. 224. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 4, fig. 3. Vicinity of seacoasts and large rivers; nests on cliffs or rarely in trees. Mer.— Uncommon resident, mainly coastwise. Eggs, April 14. N. H.— Accidental visitor (in winter ?). Vr.— Very rare visitor in northern part: Brandon, 1879. Mass.— Accidental visitor, no recent records (Williamstown, before 1877). Conn.— Accidental visitor: South Manchester, Sept. 18, 1890. 255. CoRVUS BRACHYRYNCHOS C. L. Brehm. American crow. C. L. Brehm, Beitr. z. vogelkunde, 1822, vol. 2, p. 56. AmER- ICA. Corvus americanus Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 87, pl. 225. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 4, fig. 8-12; pl. 5, figs. 21, 22. Ubiquitous, though avoiding dense forests in the breeding season; nests in coniferous trees. Me.— Common resident, in winter chiefly confined to coast. Eggs, April 20—May 25 (June 15). N. H.—Common migrant and summer resident; in winter less common near coast and large rivers, rare elsewhere. Eggs, April Ua Vt.— Common resident. Eggs, April 22. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; common winter resident near coast, but less soinland. Eggs, April 15-June 13. ; ; R. I— Common migrant, summer and winter resident. Eggs, April 12-23. Conn.— Common migrant, summer and winter resident. Eggs, April 12—May 9. 136 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES CORVIDAE. 256. CorRvuUs ossirracus Wilson. Fish crow. Wils., Amer. ornith., 1812, vol. 5, p. 27, pl. 37, fig. 2. “New JERSEY....NEAR....PHILADELPHIA.” Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 4, figs. 16, 17. Seaboard and near large streams; nests in trees. Vr.— Doubitfully recorded. Mass.— Rare visitor in southern part (Cambridge, Springfield, Wareham). Mar. 16—July 16. Conn.— Rare summer resident (Bridgeport, Fairfield, near New London, New Haven, Stratford). Mar—Nov. 10. Eggs. May 12-16. STURNIDAE. 257. STURNUS VULGARIS Linné. Starling. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p.167. “Europa, Arrica.” Coues, Key to No. Amer. birds, ed. 5, 1903, vol. 1, p. 503, frontis- piece. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 230, pl. 54, fig. 13. Open country and fields; nests in holes of buildings, trees, or cliffs. Me.— Accidental visitor: Calais, May 4, 1889. Mass.— Introduced at Springfield in 1897 but all disappeared; also straggler: Agawam, April, 1908; Pittsfield, Oct. 1, 1899. Conn.— Local resident; apparently spreading from New York colony (New Haven, Dec. 3, 1900; Stamford, 1900; Norwalk, 1900; Weathersfield and Stonington, 1906; Bethel, 1907; New London, 1907). Eggs, April. AVES. 137 PASSERES. OSCINES. ICTERIDAE. 258. DoLICHONYX ORYzIVORUS (Linné) Swainson. Bobolink; Butter-bird; May-bird; Meadow-wink; Reed-bird; Rice-bird; Skunk blackbird. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 261; Auk, 1893, vol. 10, pl. 7. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2. Fringilla oryzivora Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 179. “IN CUBA,....FEMINAE SOLAE DESCENDUNT IN CAROLINAM.” Grassy meadows; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant and local summer resident. May 1- Sept.15. Eggs, June 6-15. N. H— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. May 1—Sept. 23. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. Eggs, June 1. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 27) May 1-Sept. 29. Eggs, June 1-8. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. May 10—Sept. 25. Eggs, May 30—June 3. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 7—Sept. 5. Eggs, June 5. 259. MoLoTHRus ATER (Boddaert) Gray. Cowbird; Clodhopper; Cow dlackbird; Cow bunting; Lazy- bird; Shiney-eye. Oriolus ater Bodd., Tabl. d. planch. enlum. d’hist. nat., 1783, p. 37. Description in Buffon: ‘ AMERIQUE.” Molothrus pecoris Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 16, pl. 212. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 6, figs. 3-4. Open country; lays eggs in nests of other small birds. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. Mar. 19—Oct. 13 (Dee. 27). Eggs, May 26—June 2. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident in southern part; rare winter resident. Mar. 25-Oct. 2 (winter). Eggs, June 1. 138 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. ICTERIDAE. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident; very rare in winter. March 23—(Dec. 30). Mass.— Common migrant and less common summer resident; occasional in winter. (Mar. 1) Mar. 11—Noy. 21; winter. Eggs, May 15—June 15 (July 1). R. I— Common migrant and summer resident; rare in winter. Mar. 14-Noy. 3 (Jan. 19). ,Eggs, May 16—June 2. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident. Mar —Noy.4; winter. Eggs, May 9-June 14. 260. XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS (Bonaparte) Jordan. Yellow-headed blackbird. Icterus xanthocephalus Bonap., Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1826, vol. 5, p. 223. Founded on Say: “ENGINEER CANTON- MENT,” Iowa. Icterus icterocephalus (Linné). Bonap., Amer. ornith., 1825, vol. 1, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2: Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 6, fig. 10-12. Open prairies, marshes, and sloughs; nests among reeds. Mer.— Accidental visitor: Spruce Head, Metnic Id., Aug. 17, 1882. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Eastham, two, Sept. 10, 1877; Monomoy Id., Sept. 8, 1897; Watertown, Oct. 15, 1869. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Hartford, late July, 1884; New Haven, June, 1878; Stamford, July, 1888. 261. AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS (Linné) Vieillot. Red-winged blackbird; Fire-wing; Marsh*blackbird; Quonk- a-ree; Redwing; Swamp blackbird. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 31, pl. 216. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 6, fig. 13-15. Oriolus phoeniceus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 161. “In AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.”’ AVES. 139 PASSERHES. OSCINES. ICTERIDAE. Open country, swamps, and marshes; nests in marsh grass or in bushes near water. Mer.— Common migrant and local summer resident. Mar. 13- Oct. 13 (Nov. 9). Eggs, June 1—July 1. N. H.— Common migrant and local summer resident in valleys; accidental in winter (Warren). Mar. 3—Nov. 11 (winter). Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. Mar. 2—Oct. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident, wintering rarely in south and east. (Feb. 26) Mar. 6—-Oct. 20 (Nov. 28) (winter). Eggs, May 10—June 18. R. I.— Common migrant and summer resident; casual in winter. Mar. 7—Oct. 19 (Dec. 15, Feb. 10-13). Eggs, May 12—June 16. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident. Mar. 4—Oct. (winter). Eggs, May 30—June 6. 262. AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS FORTIS Ridgway. Thick-billed redwing; Northern redwing. Ridgway, Proc. Washington acad. sci., 1901, vol. 3, p. 153. ““OmaHa, NEBRASKA.” Marshes and open country; nests among reeds or bushes. Conn.— Rare fall migrant and winter resident: North Haven, Noy. 11, 1903, Dec. 25, 1901, Jan. 10, 1902 (Bishop). 263. STURNELLA MAGNA (Linné) Swainson. Meadowlark; Marsh quail; Old-field lark. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 265; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 39. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 6, figs. 20, 21. Alauda magna Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 167. “Iw AMERICA, AFRICA.” Open fields and marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Rare migrant and local summer resident in southern 140 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. ICTERIDAE. counties (Rangeley, April 21, 1897); rare in winter (Calais, Jan., 1899; Cape Elizabeth; Westbrook, Jan. 16, 18, 1904). Mar. 15- Noy. 19 (winter). Eggs, June—(July 22). N. H.— Uncommon summer resident north to White Mt. valleys; rare winter resident on coast. Mar. 26—Oct. 12 (winter). Vr.— Uncommon local summer resident; rare winter resident (L. Champlain, Middlebury, Pawlet, St. Albans, West Rutland). April 2—Noy. 15 (winter). Mass.— Common summer resident, and near the coast an un- common winter resident. Mar. 2—-Nov.; winter. Eggs, May 11— June 28. R. I— Common summer resident, and in coastal marshes a common winter resident. Eggs, May 6-30. Conn.— Common summer resident and less common winter resident coastwise. Eggs, June 6. 264. IcTERUs spuRIvs (Linné) Bonaparte. Orchard oriole. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 266; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 36. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 7, fig. 3-5. Oriolus spurius Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 162. ““t~ AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.”’ Shade trees and orchards; nests pensile in trees. Me.— Accidental] visitor: near Auburn; near Calais; Thomas- ton. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Rollinsford. Vr.— Very rare summer resident: Benningion; Brattleboro (with young); Middlebury, June 1, 1883. Mass.— Rare local summer resident near coast (to Ipswich) and in western valleys. (May 1) May 8-Aug. 15. Eggs, May 28- June 25. : R. I— Rare summer resident. May 14-July. Eggs, May 30- June 3. AVES. 141 PASSERES. OSCINES. ICTERIDAE. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 4-Aug. Eggs, June 11-14 (Aug.). 265. IcTrERUS GALBULA (Linné) Coues. Baltimore oriole; Fire-bird; Golden oriole; Golden robin; Hang-bird; Hang-nest; Pea-bird. Coracias galbula Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 108. “In AMERICA.” Icterus baltimore (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 37, pl. 217. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 7, fig. 6-9. Orchards and shade trees; nest pensile in trees. Mzr.— Common summer resident mainly in southern counties. May 9—Aug. 30 (Sept. 10). N. H— Common summer resident at lower elevations. May 6- Sept. 6 (Sept. 20). Vr.— Common summer resident; accidental in winter. May 10-Sept. (Dec. 4, 1884). Mass.— Common summer resident; accidental in winter. (April 29) May 1-Sept. 9 (Nov. 15, 1885, E. Templeton; Nov. 18, 1888, Hyde Park). Eggs, May 24—July 4. R. I— Common summer resident. May 4-Sept. 1. Eggs, May 24-28. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 1-early Sept. (Nov. 15, 1885, Portland). Eggs, June 6. 266. IcTERUS BULLOCKI (Swainson) Bonaparte. Bullock’s oriole or troupial. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 43, pl. 218. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 7, fig. 10-13. Xanthornus bullockii Swains., Phil. mag., 1827, new ser., vol. 1, p: 486. “TaBLE LAND....1IN Mexico.” Open country along streams; nests in trees. Me.— Accidental visitor: Sorrento, about middle of Nov., 1889. 142 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERBES. OSCINES. ICTERIDAE. 267. EUPHAGUS CAROLINUS (Miller) Richmond. Rusty blackbird; Rusty grackle. Turdus carolinus Miill., Linné’s Vollstand. natursyst., suppl., 1776, p. 140. “Caroxina.” Quiscalus ferrugineus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 65, pl. 222. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 7, fig. 14-16. Swamps, marshes, and wet woods; nests in bushes and low trees. Mer.— Common migrant and in northern part a rare summer resident; accidental winter resident (Calais, 1899). Mar. 17- May; summer—Oct. 29 (winter). N. H.— Common migrant and in northeast part, a rare summer resident (Megalloway R.). Mar. 8-May; summer; Sept. 9- Oct. 16. Vr.— Common migrant. Mass.— Common migrant, accidental in winter (Brookline, Feb. 8, 1879; Concord, Jan. 22, 1905; Fresh Pond, Feb. 20, 1887; Jamaica Plain, winter 1907-8). Mar. 7-May 18 (May 30); Sept. 12-Nov. 27 (winter). R. I— Common migrant. Mar. 13-(? June 5); Sept.—Oct. 23. Conn.— Common migrant, and rare winter resident. Mar.— April 19; Sept. 11—-Nov. (Jan. 16, 29, Feb. 6, Milford; Dec. 25, 1908, New Haven). 268. QUISCALUS QuISCcULA (Linné) Jordan. Purple grackle; Crow blackbird. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 269. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 7, fig. 21-23. Gracula quiscula Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 109. “tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Quiscalus versicolor Vieill. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 58, pl. 221. AVES. 143 PASSERES. OSCINES. ICTERIDAE. Open country, groves, fields; nests in branches of coniferous trees, rarely in cavities or bushes. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Tilton, Sept. 13, 1902. Vr.— ? Summer resident (Perkins). Mass.— Occasional typical birds breed in southernmost part and coastwise to Cambridge. R. I— Common summer resident in southern part, where most birds are typical; casual in winter. Mar. 6—-Sept. 21 (Noy., Dec. 31). Eggs, April 25—June 6. Conn.— Common summer and accidental winter resident. (Feb. 13) Mar. I1-Nov. (winter, East Haven). 269. QUISCALUS QUISCULA AENEUS (Ridgway) Stejneger. Bronzed grackle; Crow blackbird. Quiscalus aeneus Ridgw., Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1869, p. 134. ‘“‘MissIssIpPl REGION oF U. S., EAST TO ALLEGHANY Mrs.” ete. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 7, figs. 26, 27. Open country, frequenting clumps of coniferous trees in breeding season; nests in branches of trees, or less often in cavities or bushes. Me.— Common migrant and local summer resident. Mar. 19- Oct. 26. Eggs, May 27—June 21. N. H.— Uncommon local summer resident; casual in winter. Mar. 12—Nov. (Dec. 24, 1907, Lancaster; Jan.). Vr.— Uncommon local summer resident. April 11—Oct. Mass.— Common migrant and local summer resident; rare in winter near coast (also Springfield). (Feb. 23, 1909, Boston) Mar. 10-Nov. 22 (winter). Eggs, May 2—June 1. R. I— Common migrant and in the northern part a less common summer resident, intergrading with Q. quiscula. Mar. 5—Novy. 1. Eggs, May 1-17. Conn.— Common migrant. Mar. 5-April; Oct.—Nov. 144 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES FRINGILLIDAE. 270. HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA (W. Cooper) Bonaparte. Evening grosbeak; Sugar-bird. Fringilla vespertina Coop., Ann. lye. nat. hist. New York, 1825, vol. 1, pt. 2,p. 220. “Sauttr Ste. Marin, NEAR LAKE SUPERIOR.” Coccothraustes vespertinus (Coop.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 279; Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, WO By 10s LG, yolk, 207 Wooded districts; nests in trees. Me.— Accidental visitor: several records in winter of 1889-90, Jan. 10—Mar. 18; Woodfords, Mar. 6, 1909. N. H.— Accidental visitor: several records in winter of 1889-90, Jan. 6—May 1. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Burlington, about Feb. 20, 1890; Rut- land, Feb. 1909. Mass.— Accidental visitor, first recorded in the 1890 flight (Jan. 1—April); also Wellfleet, one, Dec. 5, 1903; Beverly, flock of five, Mar. 23, 1904; So. Sudbury, Feb. 14, 1909; Townsend, Feb. 7, 1909; Williamstown, Jan. 26, 1909. Conn.— Accidental visitor, first recorded in 1890 flight (Kast Hampton, Mar. 2; Gaylordsyille, Mar. 10; Portland, Feb., Mar.); also Litchfield, ? Feb. 1, 1905, and Feb. 11, 1905; Bristol, Feb. 27, 1907. 271. PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR LEUCURA (Miiller) Richmond. Pine grosbeak; Canadian pine grosbeak; Mope. Loxia leucura Miller, Linné’s Vollstand. natursyst., suppl., 1776, PelsO a CAN AD AR Pinicola enucleator canadensis (Cab.). Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. Se Ot, TamOIS JUS MLY sorta dls jon, (LO) Pyrrhula enucleator Temm. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1838, vol. 4, p. 414, pl. 358. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, fig. 13. toto} AVES. 145 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Spruce and fir forests; nests in trees. Mer.— Fall and winter visitor of varying abundance, and in northern forests a rare resident. Oct. 25—April 18; summer. Eggs, May 14-27. N. H.— Fall and winter visitor of varying abundance, and un- common summer resident above 3000 ft. in White Mts., north. Oct. 18—April 20; summer. Vr.— Winter visitor of varying abundance. Nov. 15—Mar. 24. Mass.— Irregular winter visitor of varying abundance. Oct. 24—April 4 (April 24). R. I.— Irregular winter visitor, sometimes common. Conn.— Irregular winter visitor, sometimes common. Nov. 24— Mar. 31. 272. CARPODACUS PURPUREUS (Gmelin) Gray. Purple finch; Red linnet. Fringilla purpurea Gmelin, Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 923. “CAROLINA.” Erythrospiza purpurea (Gmel.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 170, pl. 196. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, figs. 14, 15. Orchards, shade trees, and forests; nests in trees. Mr.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident (Rangeley Lakes, Jan. 15, 1884). Mar. 21—Oct. (winter). Eggs, June 4. N. H.— Common summer resident below 3000 ft.; rare in winter. April 15—-Dec. 22; winter. Vr.— Common summer resident. Mass.— Common migrant, less common summer, and occasional winter resident. Mar. 8—-Oct. 21; winter. Eggs, May 25—June 19 (!Sept. 10). R. I— Common summer and uncommon winter resident. April 7-Oct.; winter. Eggs, May 19-June 8. 146 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Conn.— Common summer and uncommon winter resident. Eggs, June; July 22 (2d brood). 273. Loxisa CURVIROSTRA MINOR (Brehm) Ridgway. American crossbill; Red crossbill; Screwbill. . Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 47. Crucirostra minor Brehm, Naumannia, 1853, p. 193. “DER NORDAMERIKANISCHEN FREISTAATEN.” Loxia curvirostrata Linné. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1835, vol. 2, p- 559, pl. 197. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2. Coniferous forests; nests in trees. Me., N. H.— Resident, nomadic and irregularly abundant. Nests from Jan.—Oct. Vr.— Irregular at all seasons, but commonest in winter; breeds occasionally. Eggs, Feb., Mar. Mass.— Irregularly common winter visitor, and occasional at all seasons; nests rarely (Framingham, 1884; Highland Light, April, 1889; Tyngsborough, Aug., 1875). R. I— Irregularly common winter visitor, and occasional at other seasons; not known to breed. Conn.— Irregular winter visitor, sometimes common. Oct. 7-spring. 274. Loxia LEUCOPTERA Gmelin. White-winged crossbill. Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 844. “rv srinu Hup- sonis & Noveporaco.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3 p- 190, pl. 201. Coniferous forests; nests in trees. Me.— Uncommon resident of northern part; elsewhere an irregular visitor. Nest, June. AVES. 147 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. N. H— Uncommon resident above 3000 ft.“in" White Mts. and north; elsewhere an irregular visitor. , Vr.— Irregularly common winter visitor, rare in summer in northern part and on higher peaks. Nested at Lunenburg, 1878. Mass.— Irregular fall and winter visitor, sometimes common. Oct. 22-May 12 (May 25); (June 4, 1900, Lanesboro; June 13, 1866, Newtonville). R. I.— Rare and irregular winter visitor. Jan. 14-Feb. 24. Conn.— Rare and irregular winter visitor. Novy. 6—Mar. 7. 275. ACANTHIS HORNEMANNII EXILIPES (Coues) Stejneger. Hoary redpoll. Aegiothus exilipes Coues, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1861, p. 385. “ForT SIMPSON.” Fringilla borealis Temm. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1839, vol. 5, p- 87, pl. 400. Arctic thickets in summer, open tree growth in winter migrations; nests in low trees. Me.— Rare winter visitor: Westbrook, Jan. 26, 1896; eastern Maine (Boardman). N. H.— Rare winter visitor: Hampton. Vt.— Doubtfully reported. Mass.— Rare winter visitor (some ten instances). Nov. 15- Mar. 20. 276. ACANTHIS LINARIA (Linné) Bonaparte and Schlegel. Redpoll; Lesser redpoll; Mealy redpoll. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 85. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 246, pl. 57, figs. 6, 7. Fringilla linaria Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 182. “tn Europa.” Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1838, vol. 4, p. 523, pl. 375. 148 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Arctic thickets in summer, open tree growth in winter migrations; nests in low trees. Me.— Winter visitor of irregular abundance, and rare summer resident (Calais). Oct. 12-April 27 (May 19, 1875; summer). N. H.— Winter visitor of irregular abundance. Novy. 1—April. Vr.— Winter visitor of irregular abundance; (nest and three eggs said to have been found in late March, 1878, at Taftsville). Nov. 11—May 1 (May 11). Mass.— Irregularly common fall and winter visitor. (Oct. 16) Oct. 25—April 25. R. I— Irregularly common fall and winter visitor. Oct.—Mar. 25. Conn.— [rregularly common fall and winter visitor. Fall- Mar. 31. 277. ACANTHIS LINARIA HOLBOELLII (C. L. Brehm) Dubois. Holboell’s redpoll. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, pp. 80, 89. LTinaria holboellii C. L. Brehm, Handb. d. naturgesch. aller vogel Deutschl., 1831, p. 280. “IN DAS MITTLERE DEUTSCHLAND.” Acanthis holboellii Bonaparte and Schlegel, Monogr. Loxiens, 1850, p. 50, pl. 53. Arctic thickets in summer, open tree growth in winter migrations; nests in low trees. Mer.— Rare winter visitor: Gorham, Feb. 3, 1903; North Bridg- ton, Nov. 25, 1878. Mass.— Rare winter visitor: Lexington, Mar. 10, 1890; Swamp- scott, two, Mar. 26, 1883. 278. ACANTHIS LINARIA ROSTRATA (Coues) Stejneger. Greater redpoll. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, pp. 80, 91. AVES. 149 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Aegiothus rostratus Coues, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1861, p. 378. “JACOBSHAVN, GREENLAND.” TIinota hornemanni Holb. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 4, pl. [190], lower fig. Arctic thickets in summer, open tree growth in winter migrations; nests in low trees. Me.— Winter visitor of irregular abundance. Dec. 12—Mar. 15. N. H.— Unsatisfactorily recorded. Mass.— Winter visitor near coast, irregular and sometimes common. Dec. 27—Feb. 25. R. I.— Rare winter visitor: East Providence, Mar. 14, 1896. Conn.— Rare winter visitor: New Haven, Dee. 17, 1878. 279. ASTRAGALINUS TRISTIS (Linné) Cabanis. American goldfinch; Lettuce-bird; Thistle-bird; Wild canary; Yellow-bird. Fringilla tristts Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 181. “Tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.”’ Spinus tristis (Linné). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 286; Bird-life, 1898, pl. 52. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 8, fig. 3. Orchards, shade trees, and edges of woods in summer, weedy fields and open country in winter; nests in trees. Mr.— Common migrant and summer resident; uncommon in winter. . Eggs, July 29-Aug. 18 (Sept. 5). N. H.—Common migrant and summer resident; uncommon in winter from White Mts. south. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident, less common in winter. Eggs, July 26. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident, less common winter resident. Eggs, July 21—Aug. 11. R. I—Common summer, and less common winter resident. Eggs, July 1—Aug. 7. Conn.— Common resident. Eggs, July—Aug. 150 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. 280. Spinus pinus (Wilson) Stejneger. Pine siskin; Gray linnet; Pine finch; Pine linnet. Fringilla pinus Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 133, pl. 17, fig. 1. ““NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PHILADELPHIA.” Iinaria pinus (Wils.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 125, pl. 180. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 8, fig. 4. Coniferous forests in summer, open country and coniferous trees in fall and winter; nests in trees. Mzr.— Common resident of northern part; elsewhere of irregular occurrence mainly in fall and winter. Eggs, April. N. H.— Common resident, breeding mainly above 3000 ft. in White Mts. Eggs, mid-April. Vt.— Common winter visitor, less common in summer, breeding irregularly. Nesting, April-May 15. Mass.— Irregularly common fall and winter visitor, sometimes lingering till late sprmg and rarely nesting. Sept. 19—-May 30 (June 8, July 15, summer). Eggs, May 9-29. R. I.— Irregularly common fall and winter visitor. Oct—April 17 (May 31). Conn.— Irregularly common fall and winter visitor. Oct. April (May 20). 281. Sprnus spinus (Linné) Stejneger. European siskin. niente spinus Linné, Ras imNeieay Cla OLN Iletsh wollily os Ihstil. IN EUROPAE JUNIPERETIS.” Chrysomitris spinus (Linné). Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871- 81, vol. 3, p. [541], pl. [169]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 242, pl. 56, fig. 18. Coniferous woods; nests in trees. Mass.— Cambridge, Aug. 11, 13, 17, 1904, an apparently wild bird (Brewster). AVES. Su PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. 282. PLECTROPHENAX NIVALIS (Linné) Stejneger. Snowflake; Snow bunting; White snowbird. Emberiza nmvalis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 176. “IN ALPIBUS LAPPONIAE, SPITZBERGAE AD SINUM HUDSONIS ALIBIQUE. ” Plectrophanes nivalis (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3; p. 55, pl. 155. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 247, pl. 57, figs. 9, 10. Open fields, coasts, and barrens; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant and winter resident (? accidental in summer, flock, Mt. Ktaadn, early Aug. 1869, fide Minot). (Oct. 10) Oct. 15—April 13. N. H— Common migrant and winter resident; accidental in summer (Webster, June, a cripple). Oct. 18—April 6. Vr.— Common migrant and winter resident. Novy. 17—spring. Mass.— Common, winter resident, especially coastwise. Oct. 12—April 3 (May). R. I— Common winter resident. Oct. 29—Mar. 29. Conn.— Irregularly common winter resident. Nov. 14—Mar. 283. CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS (Linné) Stejneger. Lapland longspur. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 155. Fringilla lapponica Linné, Syst. nat.,ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 180. “TN LAPPONIA.” Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linné). Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 4, pl. [223]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 248, pl. 57, Hess hlpet2: Open barrens and plains; nests on the ground. Mr.— Rare migrant. Mar. 10-16; Oct. 26—Dee. 29. N. H.— Rare migrant in late fall: Hampton Beach, Nov. 30, 1899. 152 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES FRINGILLIDAE. Vr.— Rare or accidental migrant: Brandon, Feb. 21, 1879; ? Townshend. Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant and winter resident mainly coastwise. Feb. 22-May 1; Oct. 9-Dec. 11; winter. R. I1— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident. (Jan. 6, Feb. 16). Conn.— Uncommon migrant; may winter. (Jan. 26, . 1883, Portland) Feb. 11—Mar. 16; Nov. 284. CALCARIUS ORNATUS (Townsend) Stejneger. Chestnut-collared longspur. Plectrophanes ornata 'Towns., Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1837, vol. 7, pt. 2,p.189. “PRAIRIES OF THE PLATTE RIVER.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 53, pl. 154. Open plains; nests on the ground. Mr.— Accidental visitor: Scarborough, Aug. 13, 1886. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Magnolia, July 28, 1876. 285. PooOECETES GRAMINEUS (Gmelin) Baird. Vesper sparrow; Bay-winged bunting; Grass finch; Gray-bird; Ground sparrow; White-tailed field sparrow. Fringilla graminea Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 922. ‘“ tn NOVEBORACO.” Emberiza graminea (Gmel.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 65, pl. 159. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 8, fig. 9-12. at Grassy fields and uplands; nests on the ground. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. (Mar. 30) April 9-Oct. 28. Eggs, late May—June 24; late July-Aug. (2d brood). Ss"? N. H— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. Mar. 29—Oct. (Nov. 14). AVES. 153 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Vt.— Common migrant and summer resident. Mar. 31-fall. Eggs, June 6. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (Mar. 17) Mar. 27—Oct. 24 (Nov. 10; Dec. 25, 1889, Somerville). Eggs, May 10-June 10. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. Mar. 19- Oct. 17. Eggs, May 5-21. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident. Late Mar.—Nov. (winter). Eggs, May 22—July 5. 286. PASSERCULUS PRINCEPS Maynard. Ipswich sparrow; Gray-bird. Mayn., Amer. nat., 1872, vol. 6, p. 637. “Ipswicu,” Mass. Ammodramus princeps (Mayn.). Dwight, Mem. Nuttall ornith. club, 1895, no. 2, p. 21, plate. Sand dunes and sea shores; nests on the ground (Sable Id., N.S.). Me.— Rare migrant coastwise; may winter rarely. Mar. 20- April 8; Oct. 11—-Nov. 17 (Jan. 23, 1886, near Pine Point). N. H.— Rare migrant coastwise. Mar.—April; late Oct.—early Dec. (nec Lake Umbagog.) Mass.— Common migrant and rare winter resident among coastal dunes; casual inland (Fresh Pond, Cambridge). Oct. 12— April 12. R. I— Uncommon migrant and winter resident among coastal dunes. Oct. 20—April 11. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and winter resident coastwise. Oct.—Mar. 24. ' 287. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNA (Wilson) Ridgway. Savanna sparrow. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 192. Fringilla savanna Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 3, p. 55, pl. 22, fig. 3. © ATLANTIC COAST, FROM SAVANNAH... .TO....NEW 154 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. York.” Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1839, vol. 5, p. 516, pl. 109. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 8, fig. 5-8. Grassy fields and marshes; nests on the ground. Mr.— Common summer resident, accidental in winter. (Jan. 24, 1897, Seguin Id.) April 6-early Nov. (Nov. 28). Eggs, May 31—June 18; July (2d brood). N. H.— Common summer resident at lower elevations, - un- common on barren summits of White Mts. (Mar. 31) April 15- Oct. 27. Eggs, June 16-late July. Vr.— Common summer resident. April 7-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident near coast (Ipswich, Longmeadow, Sandwich). (Mar. 22) April 5-Nov. 12 (winter). Eggs, May 21—June 20. R. I— Common migrant, less common summer and rare win- ter resident. April 4—Oct. 23 (winter). Eggs, May 17-29. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. April—Nov. 288. CoTURNICULUS SAVANNARUM AUSTRALIS (Maynard) A. O. U. comm. Grasshopper sparrow; Yellow-winged sparrow. Ammodromus australis Mayn., Amer. exch. and mart, 1887, VO I3,"pa 55: ) = DARAMAS 28.) HTORID ANG Ammodramus savannarum passerinus (Wils.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 293. Emberiza passerina (Wils.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, pl. 162. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 8, fig. 13-15. Grassy fields and meadows; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare summer visitor (? or resident) east to Calais. May 24-June 29. | N. H.— Rare summer resident in lowlands south of Lake Winne- pesaukee. May 13-? Vt.— Rare summer resident of southern and western valleys. Eggs, July 17. AVES. 155 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Mass.— Uncommon local summer resident near coast and in western valleys. (April 25) May 10-Sept. 1 (Dec. 10, 1892, Arling- ton). R. I—Common local summer resident. April 22—Oct. 23. Eggs, May 30—June 5. Conn.— Common summer resident in southern part and Con- necticut valley. Late April—? 289. AMMODRAMUS HENSLOWI (Audubon) Gray. Henslow’s sparrow. Emberiza hensloww Aud., Ornith. biogr., 1831, vol. 1, p. 360, pl. 77. “OPPOSITE CINCINNATI, IN THE STATE oF KENTUCKY.” Ammodramus henslowii (Aud.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 294. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2. Meadows and sedgy weed-grown bogs; nests on the ground. N. H.— Rare local summer resident north to White Mt. valleys (Wonalancet). April 17—Aug. Vr.— Rare local summer resident in southern part (Pownall). Mass.— Uncommon local summer resident. May 6-—Sept. (Nov. 6, Osterville). Eggs, May 25. R. I— Rare migrant and summer resident: Cranston, late April, 1874; Warwick, Oct. 6, 1898; Westerly, June 6 and 8, 1900. Conn.— Rare local summer resident (Eastford, Killingworth, Woodstock, etc.). May-fall. Eggs, —Aug. 6. 290. AmMMOoDRAMUS CAUDACUTUS (Gmelin) Swainson. Sharp-tailed sparrow. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 295; Audu- bon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 108, pl. 174. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 9, figs. 3, 4. Oriolus caudacutus Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 394. ““In NOVEBORACO.” 156 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Salt marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare summer resident locally in Cumberland Co. June 5-late Oct. (? Nov.). N. H.— Rare summer resident of the coastal salt marshes. Spring—Oct. 14. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded (Lunenburg). Mass.— Uncommon summer resident of the coastal salt marshes (Ipswich); rare winter resident (West Barnstable). May 19—Nov. 8 (winter). Eggs, June 8—July 12. R. I— Common summer resident of the coastal salt marshes. May 15-Oct. 2. Eggs, May 24—July 14. Conn.— Common summer and rare winter resident of the coastal salt marshes. April 14-Nov. (winter). Eggs, May 31- June 9. 291. AMMODRAMUS NELSONI (Allen) Norton. Nelson’s sparrow; Nelson’s sharp-tailed finch. Ammodromus caudacutus var. nelsoni Allen, Proc. Boston soc. nat. hist., 1875, vol. 17, p. 293. “CaLtumMeT MARSHES NEAR Cuicaco, Tin.” Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni Allen. Dwight, Auk, 1896, vol. 13, p. 273-274, pl. 4, lower fig. Marshes; nests on the ground. Mer.— Uncommon migrant. May 22—June 5; Oct. 9-25. Mass.— Uncommon fall migrant; rare winter resident on south coast. Sept. 25-Oct. 15 (winter). Conn.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant on coastal marshes. May; Oct. 292. AMMODRAMUS NELSONI SUBVIRGATUS (Dwight) Norton. Acadian sharp-tailed sparrow. Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus Dwight, Auk, 1887, vol. 4 AVES. 157 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. p. 233. “Hi~usporoueH, ALBERT Co., NEw BRuNSsWICK.” Dwight, Auk, 1896, vol. 13, pl. 4, upper fig. Brackish or freshwater marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Uncommon migrant and local summer resident coastwise from Sagadahoc Co., north. May 20-summer; Sept. 10—-Oct. 24 (Noy. 15). Mass.— Uncommon migrant coastwise (once at Springfield). May 20—June 11; Sept. 3-Nov. 5. R. I— Uncommon migrant: Charlestown Beach, four, Oct. 15, 1899; Point Judith, April 27, 1887. Conn.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Late May— June 9; Oct. 293. AMMODRAMUS MARITIMUS (Wilson) Swainson. Seaside sparrow or finch; Meadow chippy. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 103, pl. 172. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 9, figs. 5, 6. Fringilla maritema Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 4, p. 68, pl. 34, fig. 2. ““Low, RUSH-COVERED SEA ISLANDS ALONG OUR AT- LANTIC COAST.” Salt marshes; nests on the ground. Me.— Accidental visitor: Shark Id., Aug.-18, 1884. N. H.— Erroneously recorded for 4. caudacutus. Mass.— Rare local summer (Westport) and winter resident on south coast. April 14-(winter). Eggs, July 17. R. I— Uncommon summer resident at Point Judith and Middle- own marshes. Eggs, July 14. Conn.— Common summer and possibly rare winter resident of the salt marshes. Late May—Sept. (Dec. 9, 1889, Bridgeport). Eggs, June 8-19. 158 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. 294. CHONDESTES GRaAMMACUS (Say) Bonaparte. Lark sparrow; Quailhead; Road-bird. Fringilla grammaca Say, Long’s Exped. to Rocky Mts., 1823, vol. 1, p. 1389. “BELLE FONTAIN, AS WELL AS AT SEVERAL OTHER POINTS ON THIS [Missouri] RIVER.” Bonap., Amer. ornith., 1825, vol. 1, p. 47, pl. 5, fig. 3. Grassy fields; nests on the ground or in low trees and bushes. Mass.— Rare visitor (seven records). Apmil 29; Aug. 12—Nov. 25. 295. ZoONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS (Forster) Swainson. White-crowned sparrow. Emberiza leucophrys Forst., Phil. trans. roy. soc. London, 1772, yol. 62, p. 426. “ry America Boresati ap Srivum Hupsonis.” Fringilla leucophrys Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 157, pl. 192. Edges of thickets; nests on the ground or in low bushes. Mer.— Uncommon migrant; casual in summer (Androscoggin Lake, June, 1898; Farmington, late June, 1887; Woolastook Valley, Aug.). (May 2) May 5-25; (June, Aug.); Sept. 22—Oct. 22 (Nov. 8). N. H.— Uncommon migrant. May 6-25; Sept. 21—Oct. 11. Vt.— Uncommon migrant; said to have bred at Rutland; nest built and one egg laid at East Berkshire. May 14 (July, 1906, Mt. Mansfield); Oct. 4-24. Mass—— Uncommon migrant. May 4-27 (June 6); Sept. 23— Nov. 5. R. I1— Uncommon migrant; casual in summer (near Providence, July 9). May; Oct. : Conn.— Uncommon migrant; may winter rarely. (Mar. 20) May 10-15; Oct. 12—Dec. 5. AVES. 159 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. 296. ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS (Gmelin) Swainson. White-throated sparrow; Mountain lark; Peabody-bird. Fringilla albicollis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 921. “Tn PENSILVANIA.” . Fringilla pennsylvanica Latham. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 153, pl. 191. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, figs. 5, 6. Thickets; nests on the ground, rarely in bushes. Mr.— Common migrant, and from Cumberland Co. north, a eommon summer resident; accidental in winter (Falmouth, winter, 1904; Lewiston, Mar. 30, 1904; Lubec, Mar. 24, 1906; Saco Jan. 20, 1886). April 18—-Nov. 9 (Nov. 20) (winter). Eggs, May 24-June 13. N. H.— Common migrant, and a common summer resident to 5000 ft. m northern half, local in southern. April 23—May 14; summer; Sept.—Oct. Vr.— Common migrant, and except at lower elevations, a less common summer resident; accidental in winter (Brattleboro, Dec. 25, 1904, Mar. 31, 1907). April 29-Oct. 24 (winter). Eggs, June 21—July 3. Mass.— Common migrant and at higher elevations of western part, a less common summer resident, sporadic in eastern (Box- ford, Framingham, Wakefield); rare winter resident near coast. April 15—May 26; summer; Sept. 1—Noy. 24; winter. Eggs, June. R. I— Common migrant and rare winter resident. April 28— May 10; Oct. 1—-Nov. 1; winter. Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon winter resident; may breed at higher elevations (Litchfield, June 26, 1906). April 15—May 20 (June); Sept. 22—-Nov.; winter. 297. SPIZELLA MONTICOLA (Gmelin) Baird. Tree sparrow; Winter chip-bird; Winter chippy. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 301; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 49. 160 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Fringilla monticola Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 912. “Tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Arctic thickets in summer; fields and marshes in winter migra- tion; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant and in southern counties a winter resi- dent. (Early Aug., Fort Kent; Sept.) Oct. 8-April 28 (May 16). N. H.— Common migrant, and from White Mts. south, uncom- mon winter resident. Oct. 8-Apmil 24. Vr.— Common migrant and less common winter resident. Oct.— April. Mass.— Common migrant and less common winter resident. (Sept. 21) Oct. 16—April 28 (May 7, 1893, Lexington). R. I— Common winter resident. Nov. 7—April 15. Conn.— Common migrant and less common winter resident. Oct. 28—April 12. 298. SPIZELLA PASSERINA (Bechstein) A. O. U. comm. Chipping sparrow; Chip-bird; Chippy; Hair-bird. Fringilla passerina Bechstein, in Latham, Allgem. uebers. végel, 1798, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 544, pl. 120, fig. 1. ““Canapa.” Spizella socialis (Wils.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 302. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2. Fringilla socialis Wils. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1839, vol. 5, p- 517, pl. 104. Orchards, fields, and vicinity of dwellings; nests in trees, hedges, or vines. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 2) April 9-Oct. 23 (Nov. 7). Eggs, May 23—June 2; early July (2d brood). N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. April 10—-Oct. 31. Eggs, May 31-June 16; July 29 (2d brood). Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 4-Oct. AVES. 161 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (Mar. 13, 24) April 5—Nov. 25 (Dec. 31, 1869, Watertown). Eggs, May 12—June 26 (2d brood ?). R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. April 4-Oct. 17. Eggs, May 19-June 15. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident. April—-Nov. (winter). 299. SPpIzELLA BREWERI Cassin. Brewer’s sparrow. Cass., Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1856, vol. 8, p.40. “‘WrEsTERN NortH America, Cauirornia, New Mexico.” Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 326. Emberiza pallida Swains. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, pl. 161 (fide Ridgway). Prairies; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Watertown, Dee. 15, 1873. 300. SPIZELLA PUSILLA (Wilson) Bonaparte. Field sparrow; Ground sparrow; Huckleberry-bird. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 318. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, figs. 3, 4. Fringilla pusilla Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 121, pl. 16, fig. 2. “PENNSYLVANIA....NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA.... Gerorata.” Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1834, vol. 2, pl. 139. Bushy fields; nests on the ground or in low bushes. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident in southern counties. April 7-Oct. 1. N. H.— Locally common summer resident north to White Mt. valleys April 3-Oct. Eggs, June 12. Vr.— Locally common summer resident. April 4-fall (Dee. 25, 1908, Clarendon). Eggs, July 10. 162 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Mass.— Common summer resident and near the coast a rare winter resident. (Mar. 29) April 1-Nov. 13; (winter). Eggs, May 8—June 12. R. I— Common summer and rare winter resident. April—Oct. 23; (winter). Eggs, May 19-June 11. : Conn.— Common summer and rare winter resident. (Late Mar.) April 6—Dec. 2 (winter, Hartford, New Haven). Eggs, June oe 301. JUNcO HYEMALIS (Linné) Sclater. Slate-colored Junco; Black snowbird; Blue snowbird; Junco; Snowbird; White-bill. . Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 304; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 48. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 9, figs. 14, 15. Fringilla hyemalis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 183. “‘ AMERICA.” Thickets, weedy and brushgrown fields; nests on the ground, rarely in bushes. Me., N. H— Common migrant and mainly in northern part, a common summer resident; rare winter resident in southern part Eggs, May 7—June 29; July 19 (2d brood). Vr.— Common migrant, less common summer and winter resi- dent. Mass.— Common migrant, less common winter resident; un- common summer resident in western highlands (Mts. Holyoke, Nonotuck, Tom, Wachusett, Berkshires), sporadic in east (? Box- ford, Medford, Wellfleet). Mar. 8-May 21; summer; Sept. 3- Nov. 30; winter. Eggs, —(Aug. 6). R. I— Common migrant and winter resident. Oct. 2—April 4 (May 19). Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident; rare local summer: resident (Bear Mt., Salisbury, 2354 ft.). Oct. 8-May 3 (summer). AVES. 163 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. 302. JUNCO HYEMALIS MONTANUS (Ridgway) A. O. U. comm. Montana Junco. Junco montanus Ridgw., Auk, 1898, vol. 15, p. 321. “‘CoLumpra Fats, Montana.” Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 289. Edges of thickets; nests on the ground. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Watertown, Mar. 25, 1874 (this specimen has been recorded as J. h. shufeldti and J. h. oregonus). 303. MEeELospizA MELODIA (Wilson) Baird. Song sparrow; Bush sparrow; Ground-bird; Ground sparrow. Fringilla melodia Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 125, pl. 16, fig. 4. “Unirep States.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, pl. 139. Melospiza cinerea melodia (Wils.). Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 354. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 9, fig. 10-13. Swamps, marshes, weedy fields; nests on the ground, in bushes, or even hollow trees. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident (Calais, Cape Elizabeth, Gardiner). Mar. 7—Novy. (winter). Eggs, (April) May 20-June 7; July (2d brood). N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions; rare winter resident near coast. Mar. 9—-Dec. (winter). Eggs, May 24—June 22; July 27 (2d brood). Vt.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resi- dent in southern part (Bethel, Brattleboro, Brownsville, Taftsville). Mar. 7-fall (winter). Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident at lower elevations. Mar. 10—-Noy. 15; winter. Eggs, April 30—July 29 (2d brood). R. I— Common migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident. Mar. I1-Nov. 14; winter. Eggs, May 7-10. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident. Eggs, May 24—(Aug. 20). 164 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. 304. MeELospiza LINcoLNII (Audubon) Baird. Lincoln’s sparrow; Lincoln’s finch. Fringilla lineolnit Aud., Ornith. biogr., 1834, vol. 2, p. 535, pl. 193. “‘LaBRapDor.” Peucaea lincoln Aud., Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 116, pl. 177. Edges of dense thickets and tangled growth; nests on the ground. Me.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant; rare summer resident in extreme north (Ft. Kent; ¢ said to have been taken at Boothbay, July 14, and four birds at Bobson’s Id., Aug. 9). May 12-June 1; (summer); Sept. 8—Oct. 13. N. H.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant (once reported in summer, Nubanusit Lake, July 28, 1900, Thayer). May 13- 26; (? summer); Sept. 7—Oct. 4. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. May 7- June 1; Sept. 12—Oct. 14 (Nov. 1). R. I— Rare migrant, mainly in fall. (Spring); Sept. 27. Conn.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. May 23; Sept. 21—Oct. 3. 305. MetLospiza GEorGIANA (Latham) Ridgway. Swamp sparrow. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 382. Fringilla georgiana Lath., Index ornith., 1790, vol. 1, p. 460. ““CUM PRAECEDENTE,” = “IN GEORGIAE AMERICANAE INTERIORI- BUS.” Fringilla palustris Wils. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1839, vol. 5, pl. 64. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 9, fig. 7-9. Swamps, marshes, and old fields; nests on the ground. Me.— Uncommon migrant and local summer resident. (Mar. 20, Bangor) April 6-Nov. 15. Eggs, May 31—June 3. AVES. ) 165 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. N. H., Vr.— Common migrant and less common local summer resident at lower elevations. April—Oct. 25. Mass.— Common migrant and local summer resident; rare winter resident near the coast (to Beverly, Fresh Pond, Cambridge). Mar. 27—Nov. 30; winter. Eggs, May 13-July 14. R. I.— Common migrant and less common local summer resident; may winter locally. April 4—Nov.14 (Dec. 25). Eggs, May 24-31. Conn.— Common migrant and less common local summer resident; rare winter resident. April 5—Nov. 20 (winter). 306. PASSERELLA 1L1AcaA (Merrem) Swainson. Fox sparrow; Fox-colored sparrow. Fringilla iliaca Merr., Beitr. z. besond. gesch. d. végel, 1786-87, vol. 2, p. 40-41, pl. 10. “Norp-Amerrixa.” Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1835, vol. 2, p. 58, pl. 108. Thickets and edges of woods; nests on the ground or in low trees. Mer.— Common migrant; accidental in winter. Mar. 15—April 17 (May 15); Oct. 8-Nov. 28 (Dec. 2, 9, 17, Seguin Id.; Jan. 24, 1909, Cape Elizabeth; Feb.). N. H.— Common migrant. Mar 16—April 23; Oct. 5-Nov. 13. Vt.— Common migrant. Mar. 15—April 5; fall. Mass.— Common migrant and rare winter resident near the coast. (Feb. 26, 1906, Springfield; Mar. 3) Mar. 9—April 25 (May 2); (Sept. 17, Oct. 2) Oct. 15-Nov. 29 (Dec. 6 and winter). R. I— Common migrant and occasional winter resident. Mar. 19—April 20 (May 21); Oct. 13—Nov. 27 (winter). Conn.— Common migrant, and rare winter resident. Mar. 6- April 19; Oct. 10—Nov. 28 (winter). 307. PipiLo ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Linné) Vieillot. Towhee; Chewink; Ground robin; Marsh robin; Pewink. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 310; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 55. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, fig. 13-15. oD 166 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Cig ringilla erythrophthalma Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 180. “AmrErica.” Thickets and sprout land; nests on the ground, rarely in bushes. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident in southwestern counties. May 6—Oct. 18 (Nov. 21). N. H.— Common summer resident in southern part, becoming uncommon north to White Mt. valleys. May 1—Oct. 15. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. May—Sept. Mass.— Common summer and very rare winter resident. (April 2) April 18—Oct. 22 (Nov. 30, Dec. 4); (winter). Eggs, May 17- June 12. R. I— Common summer and very rare winter resident. April 19-Oct. 13 (Jan. 14, 1896, Newport). Eggs, May 21—June 3. Conn.— Common summer and very rare winter resident. April 25-Nov. 25 (Dec. 28, 1908, New Haven; Jan. 22, 1876, Portland). Eggs, May 21—June 6. 308. CARDINALIS CARDINALIS (Linné) Lichtenstein. Cardinal; Cardinal grosbeak; Red-bird; Virginia nightingale. Loaxia cardinalis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 172. “In AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Pitylus cardinalis Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. _ 8, p. 198, pl. 208. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, figs. 11, 12. Bushy fields and thickets; nests in bushes. _ Me.— Several recorded; probably some are escaped cage birds (2 from flock of three, Gardiner, Dec. 19, 1895). Vr.— Rare visitor or escape: Brattleboro. Mass.— Occasional visitor at all seasons and escape; doubtfully stated to have bred at Cambridge (a wild bird and a freed cage bird nested in Brookline, eggs, June 6, 1898). Conn.— Occasional visitor or escape. AVES. 167 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. 309. ZAMELODIA LUDOVICIANA (Linné) Coues. Rose-breasted grosbeak; Throat-cut. Loxia ludoviciana Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 306. “Tn LUDOVICIA.” Habia ludoviciana (Linné). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 312; Bird-life, 1898, pl. 54; Stone, Auk, 1899, vol. 16, pl. 4. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, figs. 9, 10. Orchard and shade trees and borders of woods near water; nests in bushes and trees. Mer.— Common summer resident except in eastern part. (April 26) May 4-Aug. 27. Eggs, June 10-30. N. H.— Common summer resident at lower elevations. May 12-Sept. 18. Vr.— Common summer resident. May-—Sept. 14. Eggs, June 2—23- Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 26) May 2-Oct. 3. Eggs, May 25—June 15. R. I—Common summer resident, mainly in northern part. May 4-Oct. 2. Eggs, May 23—June 4. Conn.— Common summer resident; accidental in winter. May 1-Sept. (Nov. 25; Jan. 18, 1893, Stonington). Eggs, May 24. 310. GUIRACA CAERULEA (Linné) Swainson. Blue grosbeak. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 313. McAtee, U.S. dept. agric., biol. surv., bull. 32, pl. 4. _ Loxia caerulea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 175. ““ AMERICA.” Brush-grown fields and thickets; nests in bushes or weedy growths. Me.— Recorded from Calais, but in error for Grand Menan, N. B. 168 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES FRINGILLIDAE. N. H.— Doubtfully recorded from East Derry, May 26, 1894. Vr.— Doubttfully recorded. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Brookline, May 29, 1880. R. I.— Accidental visitor: Drownville, Oct. 12, 1899. 311. PAsSERINA CYANEA (Linné) Vieillot. Indigo bunting; Indigo-bird. Tanagra cyanea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 315. “In CAROLINA.” Spiza cyanea Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 96, pl. 170. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, fig. 8. Brush-grown fields, thickets, and weedy tangles; nests among low bushes, brambles, or tall weeds. Mzr.— Common summer resident in southern, and rare in north- ern counties (Caribou). May 11-Oct. 2. Eggs, June-July 15. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. May 9—Oct. 1. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 18-fall. Eggs, May 30. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 8- Oct. 29 (Dee. 5, 1871, Watertown). Eggs, June 3-22. R. I— Common summer resident, mainly in northern part. May 10-Oct. Eggs, June 1-11. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 9—Oct. Eggs, June 16. 312. SpizA AMERICANA (Gmelin) Ridgway. Dickcissel; Black-throated bunting; Judas-bird. Emberiza americana Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 872. “Tw Novesporaco.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 58, pl. 156. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 10, fig. 7. Grassy fields; nests on the ground or in low bushes. AVES. 169 PASSERES. OSCINES. FRINGILLIDAE. Me.— Accidental visitor: Job’s Id., Penobscot Bay, Sept. 29, 1884; St. George; Westbrook, Oct. 10, 1888. Mass.— Formerly an uncommon summer resident along coast and in westerf valleys; now unknown. May 15-Oct. 3. Eggs, June 9, 1877 (Medford)—Aug. 1, 1878 (2d brood, Hyde Park). R. I— Formerly a rare migrant: Newport, Sept. 25, 1888. Conn.— Formerly a summer resident, now unknown. 313. CALAMOSPIZA MELANOCORYS Stejneger. Lark bunting. Stejn., Auk, 1885, vol. 2, p. 49. Based on ‘Townsend: “PLAINS OF THE PLATTE RIVER.” Corydalina bicolor ‘Towns. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p: 195, pl. 202. Prairies; nests on the ground. * Mass.— Accidental visitor: Lynn, Dec. 5, 1877. TANGARIDAE. 314. PrraANGA LUDOVICIANA (Wilson) Richardson. Louisiana tanager; Western tanager. Tanagra ludoviciana Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 3, p. 27, pl. 20, fig. 1. - “Louisiana.” Pyranga ludoviciana (Wils.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 231, pl. 210. Mountain forests; nests in trees. Mer.— Accidental visitor: near Bangor, about Oct. 1, 1889. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Salem, Jan. 20, 1878. Conn.— Accidental visitor: New Haven, Dec. 15, 1892. 315. PrraANGA ERYTHROMELAS Vieillot. Scarlet tanager; English robin (Berkshires); Fire-bird; Pocket-bird; War-bird. Pyranga erythromelas Vieill.,- Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1819, vol. 28, p. 293. “AMERIQUE.” 170 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. TANGARIDAE. Pyranga rubra (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p- 226, pl. 209. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, figs. 6, 7. Deciduous woods, especially oaks and chestnuts; nests in trees. Mr.— Rare summer resident. May 12-Oct. 5. ~ N. H.— Uncommon summer resident, mainly below 2000 ft. south of White Mts. May 13-Sept. 25. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. May-fall. Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 30, May 4) May 8- Oct. 16. Eggs, June 2-17. R. I— Common summer resident, mainly of northern part. (April 4, 1891, Apponaug) May 4-Oct. 9. Eggs, May 22—June 5. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 10-Sept. 11. Eggs, May 31—June 17. 316. PrraNGA RUBRA (Linné) Vieillot. Summer tanager; Summer redbird. Fringilla rubra Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 181. ““AMERICA.” Pyranga aestiva Gmel. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 222, pl. 208. Open deciduous and mixed woods; nests in trees. Mer.— Accidental visitor: Portland, May 18, 1906; Wiscasset. N. H., Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Accidental summer visitor. April 21, May, June, July, Aug. R. I.— Accidental summer visitor: Providence (two seen); Seaconnet, April 27, 1901; Ten Mile River. Conn.— Rare visitor. April, July. HIRUNDINIDAE. 317. PRoOGNE suBIs (Linné) Baird. Purple martin; Black martin; Cape Cod swallow; House martin; Martin. AVES. 171 PASSERES. OSCINES. HIRUNDINIDAE. Hirundo subis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 192. “ap sivuM Hupsonis.”’ Hirundo purpurea Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 170, pl. 45. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, fig. 1. Open country and vicinity of dwellings; nests in cavities or bird houses. Me.— Till recently a common local summer resident. April 22- Sept. 4 (Sept 30). Eggs, June 5—July 4. N. H.— Local summer resident north to White Mt. valleys; now uncommon. April 19-Sept. Vr.— Till recently a common local summer resident. April 25— Sept. 20. Eggs, —June 23. Mass.— Till recently a common local summer resident. April 14-Sept. 30. Eggs, May 30—-June 21. R. I— Uncommon migrant and summer resident; formerly more common. April 25-Oct.8. Eggs, May 25—June 4. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and local summer resident; form- erly more common. April 17-fall. Eggs, May 21. 318. PETROCHELIDON LUNIFRONS (Say) Cassin. Cliff swallow; Eave swallow; Mud swallow; Republican. Hirundo lunifrons Say, Long’s Exped. to Rocky Mts., 1823, vol. 2, p. 47. “Rocky MounrTAINS, ABOUT THE SOURCES OF THE ARKANSA AND PLATTE.” Hirundo fulva Vieill. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 177, pl. 47. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, fig. 11-13. Open country; nests in colonies under cliffs or eaves of outbuild- ings. Mr.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 11, Ban- gor) April 21-Sept. 6 (Sept. 19). Eggs, June 1—July 2. N. H.— Common migrant and local summer resident. April 28— Sept. 1. LZ FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. Vr. Common migrant and summer resident. Late Apmril— summer. Mass.— Common migrant and less common local summer resi- dent. April 23-Sept. 4 (Sept. 30). Eggs, May 25-July 20. © R. I1— Uncommon migrant and summer resident. Apml 28- Sept. 15. Eggs, May 31—July 16. Conn.— Common migrant and less common local summer resident. (April 15) April 20-Sept. Eggs, May 26— ? (2 broods). 319. HrrunDO ERYTHROGASTER Boddaert. Barn swallow; Fork-tailed swallow. Bodd., Tabl. d. planch. enlum. d’hist. nat., 1783, p. 45. De- scription in Buffon: “CaYENNE.” Hirundo rustica Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p- 181, pl. 48. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, figs. 8, 9. Open country; nests in crevices of cliffs, but now generally on tafters of old barns. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 19—Sept. 19 (Oct. 29, Seguin Id.; Oct. 31, 1907, Portland). Eggs, May 28- June 24. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. April 20-Sept. 21. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 25-fall. Mass.— Common migrant, less common summer resident. (April 5, 1893, Waltham) April 17-Sept. 30 (Oct.7). Eggs, May 18—July 12. R. I1— Common migrant and summer resident; still breeds in cliffs at Middletown. (April 10)—Sept. 23. Eggs, May 18-30. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 21— Sept. Eggs, (! Sept. 3). 320. IRMOPROCNE BICOLOR (Vieillot) Coues. Tree swallow; Little martin; White-bellied swallow. Hirundo bicolor Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 1, AVES. 173 PASSERES. OSCINES. HIRUNDINIDAE. p. 61, pl. 31. “Erats-Unis.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 175, pl. 46. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, fig. 10. Open country, especially near water; nests in cavities of dead trees or in bird boxes. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. (Mar. 19) April 4-Sept. 21. Eggs, May 30-June 11. N. H.— Common migrant and less common summer resident at lower elevations. Mar. 23-Sept. Vr.— Common migrant and less common summer resident. Eggs, June 1. Mass.— Common migrant and jews common summer resident. (Mar. 15) Mar. 22—Oct. 17 (Nov. 2). Eggs, May 14—June 15. R. I— Common migrant and less common summer resident; casual in winter. (Mar. 12) Mar. 28—-Oct. 18. Eggs, May 24— 30. Conn.— Common migrant and less common summer resident. Mar. 25-Oct. 17 (Oct. 22). Eggs, June. 321. RipaRta RIPARIA (Linné) Sharpe and Wyatt. Bank swallow; Sand martin or swallow. Hirundo riparia Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 192. “Tn EUROPAE COLLIBUS ARENOSIS ABRUPTIS.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 187, pl. 50. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, fig. 14. Open country near rivers and lakes; nests in colonies in burrows dug in sandy bluffs. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 19) April 25-Sept. 1 (Sept. 19). Eggs, May 29-June 24. N. H.— Common migrant and local summer resident. May— Aug. 24. Eggs, May 26. Vr— Common migrant and local summer resident. April 28— summer. 174 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. Mass.— Common migrant and local summer resident. April 24— Sept. 2 (Nov. 2). Eggs, May 28—June 17. R. I—Common migrant and local summer resident. April 25—Aug. 29. Eggs, May 26—June 6. Conn.— Common migrant and local summer resident. April 21-summer. 322. STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS (Audubon) Baird. Rough-winged swallow. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 322, fig. 90. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, fig. 15. Hirundo serripennis Aud., Ornith. biogr., 1838, vol. 4, p. 593. “‘s FEW MILES FRoM Bayowu Sara,” La. Aud., Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, pl. 51. Open country near water; nests in holes in banks, or in cavities of cliffs and walls. N. H.— Rare summer resident: near Hanover, 1905, 1906. Vr.— Rare summer resident (noted at Bennington; Lunenburg; Norwich, May 6, 1905, April 29, 1906; West Danville, June 11, 1901; White River Junction). April 29-summer. Eggs, May 16. Mass.— Rare local summer resident in western part (Glendale, young, 1906; Longmeadow, nesting, May, 1906; North Adams, two nesting pairs, June, 1895). May—summer. Conn.— Rare local summer resident. (April 12) May 9-sum- mer. Eggs, May 26—June 9. BOMBYCILLIDAE. 323. BoMBYCILLA GARRULA (Linné) Vieillot. Bohemian waxwing. Bonaparte, Amer. ornith., 1828, vol. 3, p. 14, pl. 16, fig. 2. Egg, Ibis, 1861, ser. 1, vol. 3, pl. 4, fig. 1-6. AVES. 175 PASSERES. OSCINES. BOMBYCILLIDAE. Lanius garrulus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 95. “tn Europa & AMERICA BOREALI; AESTIVAT SUPRA SVECIAM.”’ Evergreen forests; nests in trees. Mz.— Rare and irregular winter visitor. Dec. 6—Feb. 6. N. H.— Rare winter visitor: Hampton Falls, Feb. 17 and 21, 1897; Nashua, 1880. Vr.— Rare winter visitor: Brattleboro, April, 1901; Burlington (bis); St. Albans (bis). Nov. 25—April. Mass.— Rare winter visitor: about six authentic records. Dec. 26-Feb. 18. Conn.— Accidental winter visitor: East Windsor Hill, near Hartford; ? New Haven, Feb. 11, 1875. 324. BoMBYCILLA CEDRORUM Vieillot. Cedar waxwing; Apple-bird; Canada robin; Cedar-bird; Cherry-bird. Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 1, p. 38, pl. 57. “EN AMERIQUE DEPUIS LE CANADA JUSQU AU MEXIQUE.”’ Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 323; Buird-life, 1898, pl. 57. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, figs. 2, 3. Orchards, shade trees, and woods; nests in trees. Mz.— Common migrant and summer resident; rare in winter. Eggs, June 29. N. H.— Common migrant, and at lower elevations a common summer resident; rare in winter in southern part. Eggs, July 29. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident; uncommon in winter in southern part. Mass.— Common migrant and less common summer resident; irregularly common in winter but generally absent in Nov. and Dec. Eggs, May 30-July. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident; irregular in winter. Eggs, June 7-20. 176 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. BOMBYCILLIDAE. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; irregular in winter. Eggs, June 20-Aug. 1 (Aug. 27). LANIIDAE. 325. LANIUS BOREALIS Vieillot. Northern shrike; Butcher-bird. Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 1, p. 80, pl. 50. ‘CANADA ET SUR-TOUT LA BAIE D’Hupson.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 130, pl. 236. Open country and edges of woods; nests in trees. Mze.— Uncommon winter resident; supposed breeding records refer to L.l. migrans. Oct. 15-April 17. N. H.— Uncommon winter resident at lower elevations. Nov. 12—April. Vr.— Uncommon winter resident. . Fall—April 13. Mass.— Uncommon winter resident. (Oct. 6) Oct. 12—April 16 (May). R. I— Uncommon, irregular winter resident. Nov. 28—Mar. 23. Conn.— Irregular winter resident, sometimes common. Oct. 29—Mar. 24 (April 11). 326. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS Linné. Loggerhead shrike. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 134. ‘“‘1n Lupovicta.” Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1904, pt. 3, p. 241. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, pl. 237. Open country; nests in trees. Conn.— Accidental visitor: South Norwalk, Feb. 17, 1905 (J. A. Allen). AVES. g7/ PASSERES. OSCINES. LANIIDAE. 327. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS MIGRANS W. Palmer. Migrant shrike; Butcher-bird; Cricket hawk; Grasshopper hawk; Joree; Mouse hawk. W. Palmer, Auk, 1898, vol. 15, p. 248. “Kineston, ONTARIO.” Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, figs. 11, 12. Orchards and open tree growth; nests in trees. Mer.— Uncommon local summer resident. (Mar. 1) Mar 24- Sept. (Nov. 17). Eggs, May 5-25. N. H—— Uncommon summer resident in valley country; acci- dental in winter. Mar. 20-Sept. (Jan. 20, Concord). Eggs, April 26—May 5. Vt.— Uncommon local summer resident. Mar. 3-fall. Eggs, April 28—May 23. Mass.— Rare migrant and in western part, rare summer resi- dent; very rare in winter. Mar. 29-Nov. 27 (Dec. 19, Jan., Feb.). Eggs, May 10 (Williamstown). R. I— Rare migrant. (?Spring); Aug. 29-Sept. 2. Conn.— Rare migrant and winter resident (Portland, Nov. 1876; Saybrook, Jan., 1879); possibly a rare summer resident (Mt. Carmel, May 24, 1873). Spring-(May 24); Aug. 29-winter. VIREONIDAE. 328. VIREOSYLVA OLIVACEA (Linné) Bonaparte. Red-eyed Vireo; Politician; Preacher; Red-eyed greenlet. Muscicapa olivacea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 327. “In AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Vireo olivaceus (Linné). DeKay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 2, p. 124, pl. 36, fig. 79. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5. Orchards and deciduous shade and forest trees; nest pensile in trees or bushes. 178 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. - ' OSCINES. VIREONIDAE. Mer.— Common summer resident. (May 1) May 7-Oct. 2 (Oct. 11). Eggs,—June 29. N. H— Common summer resident below 3000 ft. May 8- Sept. 30. Vr.— Common summer resident. May 9-fall. Mass.— Common summer resident. May 4-Oct. 11 (Oct. 26; Nov. 2, 1870, Watertown). Eggs, May 25—July 20. R. I— Common summer resident. (April 29) May-—Sept. 24 (Oct. 11). Eggs, May 28—-June 6. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 6-Oct. 2. Eggs, June 1-12. 329. VIREOSYLVA PHILADELPHICA Cassin. Philadelphia Vireo; Brotherly-love Vireo. Cass., Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1851, vol. 5, p. 153, pl. 10, fig. 2. ““NEAR PHILADELPHIA.” Vireo philadelphicus (Cass.). Dwight, Auk, 1897, vol. 14, p. 269, pl. 2. Egg, Brewster, Auk, 1905, vol. 22, pl. 11. Open deciduous growth, especially of birch and poplar; nest pensile in trees or bushes. Mer.— Uncommon summer resident in northern part (Bucks- port, Lake Umbagog). May 21—Oct. 2. Eggs, June 15. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident north of White Mts., else- where rare migrant. May 26-Sept. 29. Vr.— Rare migrant: Breadloaf, Sept. 19, 1900; Morrisville; Pittsford, Sept. 11, 1889. (Reported nesting at Brattleboro, June, 1901.) May; Sept. 11-19. Mass.— Rare migrant. May (? 10)-17; Sept. 7-27. R. I.— Rare migrant: Drownville, May 31, 1891; West Green- wich, May 21, 1902. Conn.— Rare migrant: New Haven, May 19, 1888; Portland, Sept. 21, 1893, Sept. 17, 1894; (? Stratford, “Vireo gilvus.... under parts. ...mostly bright yellow’’). AVES. 179 PASSERES. OSCINES. VIREONIDAE. 330. VIREOSYLVA GILVA (Vieillot) Cassin. Warbling Vireo. Muscicapa gilva Vieill., Hist nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 1, p. 65, pl. 34. “1’Erat pz New-Yorcx.” Vireo gilvus (Vieill.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 329. Dwight, Auk, 1897, vol. 14, pl. 2. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, fig. 6. Orchard and shade trees, especially elms; nest pensile in trees. Mzr.— Uncommon local summer resident. May 5-Sept. 15 @ct/): N. H.— Uncommon local summer resident north to White Mt. valleys. May 1-Sept. 17. Vr.— Uncommon local summer resident. May 3- Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 24, 1908, Auburn- dale) April 29-Sept. 26. Eggs, May 30—June 11. R. I— Common summer resident, especially of village shade trees. May 5-Sept. 25. Eggs, May 28-30. Conn.— Common summer resident. (April 20, 1898, Jewett City) April 29-Oct. 13 (Oct. 25,- 1900, Hartford). Eggs, June 2-17. 331. LANIVIREO FLAVIFRONS (Vieillot) Lawrence. Yellow-throated Vireo. Vireo flavifrons Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 1, p. 85, pl. 54. “Erats-Unis.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 141, pl. 238. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8. Orchard and shade trees and edges of woods; nest pensile in trees. Mer.— Rare summer resident in southwestern counties. Mar. 12-Sept. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident becoming rare north to White Mt. valleys. May 8-Sept. Eggs, June 14. 180 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. VIREONIDAE. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident (East Bethel). Mass.— Common summer resident becoming local in western part. May 1-Sept. 19. Eggs, May 24-June 17. R. I— Common summer resident. May 1-Sept. Eggs, May 24—June 2. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 6- Sept 17. Eggs, May 21—June 11. 332. LANIVIREO SOLITARIUS (Wilson) Allen. Blue-headed Vireo; Solitary Vireo. Muscicapa solitaria Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 143, pl. 17, fig. 6. “NEAR PHILADELPHIA.” Vireo solitarius Vieill. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p- 144, pl. 239. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, fig. 9. Cool mixed woods; nest pensile in trees. Me.— Uncommon summer resident mainly in northern part. (April 24) April 28—Oct. 6 (Nov.). _N. H— Uncommon summer resident up to 3000 ft. April 29- Oct. 7. Eggs, May 29-late June. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. Mass.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident, becom- ing local in south and east. (April 11, 1908, Stoughton) April 14-Oct. 17. Eggs, May 13- June 26. R. I— Uncommon ‘migrant and rare local summer resident (Washington, West Greenwich). April 23—Oct. 22. Eggs, May 15- June 15. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and rare summer resident (East- ford, near New Haven, Norfolk, West Simsbury). Late April—Oct. 13. Eggs, May 27—June 23. 333. VIREO GRISEUS (Boddaert) A. O. U. comm. White-eyed Vireo; White-eye. Tanagra grisea Bodd., 'Tabl. d. planch. enlum. d’hist. nat., 1783, p- 45. Based on Buffon. AVES. 181 PASSERES. OSCINES. VIREONIDAE. Vireo noveboracensis (Gmel.). DeKay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 2, p. 122, pl. 36, fig. 78. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 7, fig. 10. Bushy thickets; nest pensile in bushes. Mer.— Doubtfully recorded. N. H.—Several unsatisfactory records: Chesterfield, Man- chester. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Brattleboro; ? St. Johnsbury, various records (Clark); Townshend, 1893. Mass.— Rare local summer resident near coast and in southern valleys (Sheffield). May 2-Sept. 27 (Oct. 30). Eggs, May 22- June 18. R. I— Uncommon local summer resident. May 7-Sept. 18. Eggs, June 2, 3. Conn.— Common summer resident in southern part and Con- necticut valley. May 2-Sept. Eggs, June 9-12. 334. Vrreo BELLIT Audubon Bell’s Vireo. Aud., Birds of Amer., 1844, vol. 7, p. 333, pl. 485. “‘SHorEs AND PRAIRIES OF THE UppPER Missouri.” Bushy thickets; nest pensile in bushes or low trees. N. H.— Accidental visitor: Durham, Nov. 19, 1897. MNIOTILTIDAE. 330. MNIOTILTA VARIA (Linné) Vieillot. Black and white warbler; Black and white creeper. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 39, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3. Motacilla varia Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 333. “IN JAMAICA, DoMINICA.” Deciduous and mixed woods; nests on the ground. 182 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Me.— Common migrant and local summer resident. (April 27) May 3-Oct. 5. Eggs, May 25-June 21. N. H.— Common migrant and less common summer resident at lower altitudes. April 27-Sept. 29. Eggs, June 24. Vrt.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 5 fall. Eggs, June 20. Mass.— Common migrant and less common summer resident. (April 18) April 28—Oct. 29 (Dec. 5). Eggs, May 17—June 22. R. I— Common migrant and less common summer resident. (April 15) May 1-Oct. 7. Eggs, May 21, 23. Conn.— Common migrant and less common summer resident. (April 20) April 25-Oct. 10. Eggs, May 20—June 4. 336. PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Boddaert) Baird. Prothonotary warbler; Golden swamp warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 54, pl. 3, fig. 3-4. Motacilla citrea Bodd., Tabl. d. planch. enlum. d’/hist. nat., 1783, p. 44. Description in Buffon: “‘LovrsraNtIe.”’ Bushy and tree-grown swamps; nests generally in cavities of stumps or dead trees. Me.— Accidental visitor: Calais, Oct. 30, 1862. Vrt.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Accidental visitor. May 1—Sept. 15. R. I— Accidental visitor: Lonsdale, April 29, 1892, April 19, 1893; South Kingston, April 20 or 21, 1884. 337. HELMITHEROS VERMIVORUS (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Worm-eating warbler. Motacilla mervimora [= vermivora] Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 951. “‘In PENSILVANIA.” Helinaia vermivora Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 86, pl. 105. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, fig. 6. AVES. 183 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Dry wooded slopes and ravines with undergrowth; nests on the ground. Me., N. H.— Unsatisfactorily recorded. Vr.— Accidental visitor: St. Albans, 1891. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Cambridge, Sept. 19, 1881; East- hampton; Salem Willows, April 14-16, 1902; Taunton, May 9, 1890. Conn.— Rare summer resident. May 10-Aug. 22. Eggs, (New Haven, Saybrook) May 25—June 19. 338. HELMINTHOPHILA PINUS (Linné) Ridgway. Blue-winged warbler; Blue-winged yellow warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 65, pl. 5, fig. 1-2. Eg Capen, 1886, pl. 3, fig. 7. Certhia pinus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 187. “Tn AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Low woods and sprout land; nests on the ground. g) Vr.— Unsatisfactorily recorded. Mass.— Very rare visitor. May 12-17 (? 29). R. I.— Very rare summer resident: nest at Gloucester, May 30, 1890. Conn.— Locally common summer resident in southern part and Connecticut valley. (May 2) May 9-late Aug. Eggs, May 20—June 20. 339. HELMINTHOPHILA CHRYSOPTERA (Linné) Ridgway. _ Golden-winged ‘warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 60, pl. 5, fig. 5-6. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, fig. 8. Motacilla chrysoptera Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 333. “IN PENSYLVANIA.” Low bushy growths and sprout lands; nests on the ground. 184 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. N. H.— Rare in spring and early summer in southernmost part; may breed. May, June. Vr.— Rare migrant; ?“‘rare summer resident’ (Perkins). Spring; (Oct. 26, 1907, Woodstock). Mass.— Uncommon summer resident, mainly in eastern part. (May 4) May 7-Sept. 1 (Oct. 8). Eggs, June 1-20. R. I— Rare summer resident. Conn.— Uncommon summer resident. (May 3) May 12- Aug. 24.. Eggs, May 29-June 4. 340. HELMINTHOPHILA RUBRICAPILLA (Wilson) Faxon. Nashville warbler. Sylvia rubricapilla Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 3, p. 120, pl. 27, fig. 3; vol. 6, p. xv. “‘TENNESEE....NOT FAR FROM NasH- VILLE.” Helinaia rubricapilla (Wils.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 103, pl. 113. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10. Open woodland and thickets bordering swamps; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 30) May 4-Sept. 27 (Oct. 4). Eggs, June 3—July 10. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident up to 4500 ft. (April 30) May 4-Sept. 13. Eggs, May 25-June 8. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 3-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and less common summer resident, accidental in winter. (April 20, 28) May 2-Sept. 25 (Oct. 14; Jan. 1890, Swampscott). Eggs, May 21—June 21. R. I—Common migrant and uncommon summer resident. May 4-Sept. 17. Eggs, May 22—June 1. Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon summer resident. (April 22, 1889, Bridgeport) May 5-Sept. Eggs, May 30—June 8. AVES. 185 PASSERES. - OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. 341. HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA (Say) Ridgway. Orange-crowned warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 86, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4. Sylvia celatus Say, Long’s Exped. to Rocky Mts., 1823, vol. 1, p. 169. “ENGINEER CaNTONMENT,” Iowa. _ Wooded and bushy country; nests on or near theground. Mer.— Unsatisfactorily accredited (Brunswick). N. H.— Very rare migrant: Hollis, May 16, 1876 (nec Isles of Shoals). Mass.— Very rare spring and late fall migrant; accidental in winter. May 15 (Springfield); Sept. 30-Noy. 29 (Jan. 1, 1875, Lynn). R. I.— Very rare spring and late fall migrant: Cranston, Dec. 3, 1874; East Providence, May 9, 1891. Conn.— Rare migrant. May 8, 1888 (East Hartford); Oct.— Nov. 342. HELMINTHOPHILA PEREGRINA (Wilson) Ridgway. Tennessee warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 83, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2. Sylvia peregrina Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 3, p. 83, pl. 25, fig. 2. “BANKS OF THE CUMBERLAND RIVER, ... . TENNESEE.” Dense thickets and edges of woods; nests near the ground. Mer.— Rare migrant and in northern part, a rare summer resi- dent. May 15-26; summer. Eggs, June 4. N. H.— Rare migrant and from White Mts. north, a rare local summer resident (Franconia, Lake Umbagog). May 20-Sept. 9. Vr.— Rare migrant and possible summer resident (Mt. Holly, two pairs, June, 1897, above 2000 ft.). Mass.— Rare migrant and possibly a very rare summer resident (Mt. Greylock, July 15 and 16, 1888; ? Springfield, very doubtful). May 10-30; (July 15, 16); Aug—Sept. 10. 186 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. R. I— Rare migrant. May 18; Sept. 18. Conn.— Rare migrant. May 19-27 (June 8); Sept. 24- (? Noy., Clark). 343. COoMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA USNEAE Brewster. Northern Parula warbler; Blue yellow-backed warbler; Usnea : warbler. Brewst., Auk, 1896, vol. 13, p. 44. “Lake Umpacoc, Marne.” Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 104, pl. 8, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5. Forests and open tree growth; nests in pendulous masses of Usnea lichen. Me.— Common migrant and uncommon local summer resident. May 5-Sept. 30. Eggs, May 31—June 17. N. H.— Common migrant and less common summer resident below 3000 ft. (April 30) May 3-Oct.1. Eggs, May 31—June 12. Vr— Common migrant and less common summer resident. May 2-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and less common local summer resi- dent. (April 25) May 1-Oct. 10 (Nov. 19, 1881, Cambridge). Eggs, May 30—July 5. R. I— Common migrant and uncommon local summer resident. April 30—Oct. 7. Eggs, June 2-5. Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon local summer resi- dent. May 2-Oct. 15 (Oct. 20). Eggs, (May 18) May 29-June 22 (Aug.). 344. DENDROICA TIGRINA (Gmelin) Baird. Cape May warbler. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 352. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, fig. 15. Motacilla tigrina Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 985. “CANADA.” AVES. 187 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Sylvicola maritima Wils. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 44, pl. 85. Northern coniferous forests in summer, and open tree growth in migration; nests in trees. Me.— Rare migrant and in northern part a rare summer resident. May 6-24; summer—Aug. 22. N. H.— Rare migrant and north of White Mts. a rare summer resident (Franconia, June 3). May 10-Sept. Vr.— Rare migrant and (?) summer resident (Mt. Killington, Ross). Mass.— Rare migrant. (May 2) May 10-25; Aug. 18-Sept. 15 (Oct. 9). R. I— Rare migrant. May 13-20; Sept. Conn.— Rare migrant. May 8-26; Aug. 28. 345. DENDROICA AESTIVA (Gmelin) Baird. Yellow warbler; Cotton wren; Garden warbler; Golden warbler; Spy-about; Summer yellow-bird; Wild canary; Yellow-belly; Yellow-bird. Motacilla aestiva Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 996. “IN GUJANA, AESTATE IN CANADA.” Sylvicola aestiva (Gmel.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 50, pl. 88. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, fig. 11-14. Orchards, shade trees, and bushy swamps; nests in trees and bushes. Mer.— Common summer resident. (April 30) May 3-Sept. 10. Eggs, May 29-June 30 (July). N. H.— Uncommon local summer resident of valleys and bottom- lands; rare from White Mts. north. May 4-Sept. 11. Eggs, June 7. Vrt.— Common summer resident of valleys and bottomlands. May 4-Sept. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 23) 188 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. May 1-Sept. 30 (Nov. 28, 1891, Cambridge). Eggs, May 20- June 14. R. I— Common summer resident. (April 17, 29) May 1-Sept. Eggs, May 25—June 4. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 30) May 1-Sept. Eggs, May 20—June 30. 346. DENDROICA CAERULESCENS (Gmelin) Baird. Black-throated blue warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 133, pl. 9, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, fig. 1. Motacilla caerulescens Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 960. “IN mnsuULA S. Dominici.” - Thickets and forest undergrowth; nests near the ground. Mer.— Common migrant, and less common summer resident. May 4-late Oct. Eggs, June 10. N. H.— Common migrant, and from White Mts. north a less common summer resident, becoming rare and local south. May 10- Oct. 10. Eggs, June 19. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident in northern part. May 5- fall. Mass.— Common migrant and at higher elevations of western part (Granville, Russell, and north) a less common summer resi- dent. May 5-June 3; summer; Aug. 26—Oct. 11 (Nov. 3, 19). R. I1— Uncommon migrant. May 14-22; fall—Oct. 17. Conn.— Common migrant and rare summer resident (Kastford, Litchfield). (April 29) May 10-summer; Sept.—Oct. 19. Eggs, June 6-13. 347. DENDRoICA coroNATA (Linné) Gray. Myrtle warbler; Golden-crowned warbler; Willow warbler; Yellow-rumped warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 141, pl. 10, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, fig. 2-4. AVES. 189 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Motacilla coronata Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 333. ““PENSYLVANIA.” Coniferous woods, and in migration, open tree growth; nests in trees. Me.— Common migrant and south to Scarboro a less common summer resident; rare winter resident (Cape Elizabeth). April 15- Oct. 30 (winter). Eggs, May 30—June 11. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident, local south of White Mts. (Mar. 5, Mar. 20) April 23—May 28; summer; Sept.— Oct. 23 (Nov. 30). Eggs, May 31—June 7. Vr.— Common migrant, and uncommon summer resident (south to Brattleboro). April 12-fall. Mass.— Common migrant, and in higher parts of western coun- ties an uncommon summer resident (to Mt. Wachusett); near the coast a regular local winter resident in small numbers. April 13— May 30; summer; Aug. 21-Nov. 26 ; winter. R. I— Common migrant and less common winter resident. Sept. 7-May 10. Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon winter resident. April 8-May 20; Sept. 20-Nov. 10; winter. 348. DENDROICA AUDUBONI (Townsend) Baird. Audubon’s warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 147, pl. 10, fig. 4-6. Sylvia auduboni Towns., Journ. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1837, vol. 7, p. 191. “FoRESTS OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER.” Coniferous woods; nests in trees. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Cambridge, Nov. 15, 1876. Conn.— Doubttully recorded: New Haven, May 6 and 8, 1893 CAs ey Verrill): 349. DrNpDRoICcA MAGNOLIA (Wilson) A. O. U. comm. Magnolia warbler; Black and yellow warbler; Spotted warbler. Sylvia magnolia Wilson, Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 3, p. 63, pl. 190 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. 23, fig. 2. “BANKS OF THE LirTLE MiAMI NEAR ITS JUNCTION WITH THE Onto”; and “‘NOT FAR FROM FORT ADAMS ON THE Mississippi.” Dendroica maculosa (Gmel.). Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 121, pl. 11, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, figs. 12, 14. Coniferous and mixed thickets near streams in summer, wood- lands generally in migration; nests in low trees. Me.— Common migrant and in northern part a less common summer resident. May 6—-Sept. 26. Eggs, May 30—June 16. N. H.— Common migrant; uncommon local summer resident south of White Mts., commoner north, to 3000 ft. May 9—Oct. 3. Eggs, May 24—June 20. Vr.— Common migrant, less common local summer resident. May 14 fall. Mass.— Common migrant and in northwestern counties a less common local summer resident. (May 4) May 7-30; summer; Aug. 25-Oct. 9. Eggs, June 15. R. I— Common migrant. May 14-25; Sept—Oct. 8. Conn.— Common migrant. May 9-June 1; Sept. 15-Oct. 1. 350. DENDROICA CERULEA (Wilson) Baird. Cerulean warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 170, pl. 9, fig. 4-6. Sylvia caerulea Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 141, pl. 17, fig. 5. “PENNSYLVANIA.” High tree tops; nests im trees. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Cohasset, 1874. R. I.— Accidental visitor: Lonsdale, May 14, 1893; Pawtucket, May 22, 1879; Providence, May 22, 1878. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Seymour, May 10, 1888; Stratford, April, 1841; Suffield, June 12, 1875. AVES. 191 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. 351. DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA (Linné) Baird. Chestnut-sided warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 187, pl. 12, fig. 4-6. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, figs. 11, 12. Motacilla pensylvanica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 333. “IN PENSYLVANIA.” Brushy thickets, clearings, and sproutlands; nests in low bushes. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 6—Sept. 8. Eggs, June 4—July 4. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident, mainly at lower elevations. May 6-Sept. 25. Eggs, May 26—June 6. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. Eggs, June 6. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 28, 1908, Stoughton) May 2-Sept. 20. Eggs, May 26—June 17. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. May 1-Sept. 7. Eggs, May 22-June 4. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 4-Sept. Eggs, May 23—June 15. 352. DENDROICA STRIATA (Forster) Baird. Black-poll warbler; Autumnal warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 196, pl. 2, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8. Muscicapa striata Forst., Phil. trans. roy. soc. London, 1772, vol. 62, pp. 406, 428. “SrverNn River....apd Sinum Hupsonis.”’ Spruce and fir forests in summer, and tree growth generally in migrations; nests in low trees. Me.— Common migrant, and in northern part, a common sum- mer resident. May 9—June 9; summer—Oct. 10. Eggs, June 15-early July. N. H.— Common migrant and from White Mts. north, a com- 192 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCIN ES. MNIOTILTIDAE. mon summer resident mainly above 3000 ft. May 8-Oct. 10. Eggs, June 28. . Vr.— Common migrant, and on higher mountains an uncommon summer resident (Killington Peak, Mt. Mansfield, Stratton Mt.). Mass.— Common migrant; may breed rarely (young at North Adams, August). (April 15) May 8—June 14; (Aug. 17, 1886, Concord) Sept. 1—Nov. 7. R. I— Common migrant. May 10-31 (June 17); Sept. 3—Oct. 23. Conn.— Common migrant. May 11—June 5; Sept. 10—Oct. 26. 353. DENDROICA BLACKBURNIAE (Gmelin) Baird. Blackburnian warbler; Hemlock warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 175, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6. Motacilla blackburniae Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 977. ‘In NOVEBORACO.” High coniferous and mixed woods, especially hemlock and white pine; nests in tree tops. Mer.— Rare migrant in southern counties, elsewhere an uncom- mon local summer resident. (May 4) May 6-Sept. 17. Eggs, June 5-15. N. H.— Uncommon local summer resident south of White Mts., thence commoner up to 3000 ft. (May 3) May 8-Sept. 10. Eggs, June 4-15. Vt.— Uncommon local summer resident. (May 2) May 7- summer. Mass.— Rare migrant and summer resident in eastern, com- moner in northwestern part. (May 2) May 6-30; summer; Sept. 7-23 (Oct. 10). Eggs, June 5-26. R. I— Uncommon migrant. May 14; Sept.—Oct. Conn.— Common migrant and rare summer resident. May 5- 27; summer; Sept. 15—Oct. 3 (Nov. 8, 1907, New Haven). AVES. 193 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. 354. DENDROICA CASTANEA (Wilson) Baird. Bay-breasted warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 192, pl. 12, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 4, figs. 9, 10. Sylvia castanea Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 97, pl. 14, fig. 4. “PENNSYLVANIA.” Spruce and fir forests in summer, tree tops generally in migration; nests in trees. Mer.— Rare migrant and in northern part a rare summer resident. (May 8) May 14-Aug. Eggs, June 8-15. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and from White Mts. north an uncommon summer resident from 2-4000 ft. May 14—Sept. Eggs, June 3. Vr.— Rare migrant. Mass.— Usually rare, but sometimes common migrant. May 8- May 28 (June 19; July 2, Springfield); Aug. 23—Oct. 8. R. I.— Uncommon migrant. May 9— ; Sept. Conn.— Migrant, irregularly rare or common. May 15-30; Sept. 30—Oct. 17. 355. DENDROICA DoMmINIcA (Linné) Baird. Yellow-throated warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 180, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2. Motacilla dominica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 334. “Jamaica, DoMINIca.”’ Tree growth bordering streams or bayous; nests in trees. Vt.— Recorded from Lunenburg, 1878. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Dedham, Nov. 4, 1866; Springfield, May, 1892. Conn.— Accidental visitor: Connecticut valley, “‘several’’; New Haven. 194 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. 356. DENDROICA VIRENS (Gmelin) Baird. Black-throated green warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 157, pl. 14, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, fig. 15. - Motacilla virens Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 985. “ PENSILVANIA.” Forest trees, particularly white pines; nests in coniferous trees (once “‘on the ground,” Brewster). Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 28—Oct. 13. Eggs, May 30—July 1. N. H— Common migrant and summer resident mainly below 3000 ft. (April 26) May 1—Oct. 25. Eggs, June 2. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 2-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 20) May 1—-Oct. 19 (Nov. 3). Eggs, May 30—June 18. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 25) May 1-Oct. 13. Eggs, June 10. Conn.— Common migrant and uncommon local summer resi- dent. (April 27) May 1-23; summer; Sept. 15-Oct. 20. Eggs, May 21-June 18. | 357. Denproica vicorsit (Audubon) Stejneger. Pine warbler; Pine-creeping warbler. Sylvia vigorsiti Aud., Ornith. biogr., 1832, vol. 1, p. 153, pl. 30. “a SMALL ISLAND OF PERKIOMING CREEK,....PENNSYLVANIA.” Sylvicola pinus Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 37, pl. 82. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3. Coniferous woods, especially pitch-pine groves; nests in trees. Me.— Common migrant and uncommon local summer resident mainly in southern counties. April 5—Oct. 21. Eggs, June—July 6. N. H— Uncommon local summer resident north to White Mts. April 6-Sept. 30. AVES. 195 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Vr.— Uncommon local summer resident in southern part. April 17-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; accidental in winter. (Mar. 29) April 1-Nov. 25 (winter). Eggs, May 8—-June 16; July 2d brood). R. I— Common summer resident of pitch-pine groves. April 9-Oct. 29 (Noy. 15). Eggs, May 25. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. April 14— Sept. 29: 358. DENDROICA PALMARUM (Gmelin) Baird. Palm warbler; Redpoll warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 213, pl. 16, figs. 4, 5. Motacilla palmarum Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 951. “IN INSULA S. DomINIct.” - Open tree or bushy growth, and edges of fields; nests on the ground. N. H— Uncommon fall migrant (a doubtful spring record, Manchester, May 9, 1900). Sept. 7-16. Vr.— Rare fall migrant. Mass.— Rare fall migrant. Sept. 7-Oct. 28 (Dec. 6, 1902, Belmont). R. I— Rare fall migrant: Westerly, Sept. 21, 1896. Conn.— Rare fall migrant; once recorded in winter (Jan. 1880, at New Haven). Sept. 19-Oct. 10 (Jan.). 359. DENDROICA PALMARUM HYPOCHRYSEA Ridgway. Yellow palm warbler; Twitch-tail warbler; Yellow redpoll warbler. Ridgw., Bull. Nuttall ornith. club, 1876, vol. 1, p. 85. “Cam- BRIDGE, Mass.” Sylwicola petechia Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, -vol. 2, p. 55, pl. 90. 196 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Swamps, edges of woods, or open country; nests on or near the ground. Me.— Common spring and uncommon fall migrant and local summer resident. April 11-May 20; summer; Sept. 17—Oct. 20 (Oct. 27, Nov. 2). Eggs, May 27—June 26. N. H.— Common spring and uncommon fall migrant. April 13— May 11; Sept. 16—Oct. 9. Vr.— Uncommon migrant. Mass.— Common spring and uncommon fall migrant; said to have wintered. (Mar. 28, 1908, Hyde Park; April 5) April 13— May 21; Sept. 5—Oct. 26. R. I— Common spring and uncommon fall migrant. April 5— 22: Sept. 15-26. Conn.— Common spring and uncommon fall migrant. April 9— May 5; Oct. 18-Nov. 4. 360. DENDRoIcA DiscoLor (Vieillot) Baird. Prairie warbler. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 364. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, fig. 1. : Sylvia discolor Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 2, p- 37, pl. 98. “Etats-Unis ET LES GRANDS iLES ANTILLES.” Sylvicola discolor (Vieill.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 68, pl. 97. Dry bush-grown fields and sproutlands; nests in bushes. N. H.— Rare local summer resident in southern part (Hollis, Manchester). Vr.— Accidental visitor: Uxbridge, Dec. 4, 1884. Mass.— Uncommon summer resident, mainly near coast; acci- dental in winter (South Yarmouth, Jan. 2, 1909). May 2-Sept. 25 (Jan. 2). Eggs, May 28—June 18. R. I— Common local summer resident. May 4-Sept. (Dec. 4, 1884, Providence). Eggs, May 27—June 14. AVES. 197 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Conn.— Uncommon summer resident. (April 27) May 1- Sept. 15. Eggs, May 27—June 25. 361. SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS (Linné) Swainson. Oven-bird; Golden-crowned thrush. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 365; Allen, Auk, 1894, vol. 11, pl. 2. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5. Motacilla aurocapilla Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 304. “IN PENSYLVANIA.” Forests and. groves; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 23) May 5-Sept. 28. Eggs, May 30-June 10 (July 29). N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident below 3000 ft. May 3-Oct. 2. Eggs, June 2—July 5. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 5-fall. Eggs, June 7. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 30) May 2-Sept. 27 (Dec. 30, 1881, Watertown). Eggs, May 17- June 16 (July 8). R. I—Common migrant and summer resident. May 2- Sept. 28. Eggs, May 19-30. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident (April 26) May 3-Sept. Eggs, May 20—July 10. ie) 62. SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmelin) Bonaparte. Water-thrush; New York Accentor; Northern water-thrush; Wagtail warbler; Water wagtail. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1902, pt. 2, p. 642. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, figs. 6, 7. Motacilla noveboracensis Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 958. “in Lourstana, & NovEBORACI SEPIBUS.” Turdus aquaticus Wils. Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1839, vol. 5, p. 284, pl. 483, fig. 7. 198 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Swampy woods and borders of streams; nests on the ground or among tree roots. Mz.— Common migrant and in northern part a less common local summer resident. (April 28) May 6-Sept. 25. Eggs, May 28-June 23. N. H.— Common migrant and less common summer resident, local at lower elevations south of White Mts. (April 30) May 3- Sept. 26. Vr.— Common migrant, and mainly in northern part, a less com- mon summer resident. Mass.— Common migrant and rare local summer resident (near Boston, Lancaster). (April 25) May 2—June 5; summer; Aug. 1-Oct. 16. Eggs, May 21. R. I— Common migrant and rare local summer resident (Wash- ington Co.). May 7-(summer); Aug. 12-Sept. 15. Eggs, May 19520: CONN. Common migrant. (May 1) May 5-27; Aug.—Oct. 18. 363. SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOTABILIS (Ridgway) Ridgway. Grinnell’s water-thrush. Siurus naevius notabilis Ridgw., Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 1880, vol. 3,p.12. “Brack Hitts, Wyomine.” Vicinity of streams; nests on or near the ground. Conn.— Rare migrant: East Haven, Sept. 21, 1904; Hamden, Sept. 7, 1904; Orange, May 20, 1905 (Bishop). 364. SEIURUS MoTscILLA (Vieillot) Bonaparte. Louisiana water-thrush; Large-billed water-thrush. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1902, pt. 2, p. 639. Turdus motacilla Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 2, p. 9, pl. 65. “Kenrucky.” Turdus ludovicianus Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1831, vol. 1, p. 99, pl. 19. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, fig. 8. AVES. 199 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Wooded borders of streams; nests on the ground or among tree roots. Me.— Accidental visitor: Norway, May, 1865 (nec Waterville, 1865). N. H.— Doubtfully recorded (Dublin). Vr.— Doubttully recorded (Brattleboro, “‘fall’’). Mass.— Rare visitor and summer resident (Berkshire Co. and Connecticut valley). April 13—July 28. R. I— Rare summer resident. May 2. Eggs, May 15-28. Conn.— Uncommon summer resident in southern part. (Feb. 15, 1882, ? Saybrook) April 13-July. Eggs, May 6-June 10. 365. OPORORNIS FORMOSA (Wilson) Baird. Kentucky warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 235, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2. Sylvia formosa Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 3, p. 85, pl. 25, fig. 3. “KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE.” Undergrowth of swampy woods; nests on or near the ground. Vr.— Accidental visitor: Lunenburg, May 30, 1905; also a former doubtful record (Taftsville, May 19, 1884). Mass.— Accidental visitor: Wellesley, May 14, 1907; also doubtfully recorded from Lynn. R. I.— Accidental visitor: Newport, spring of 1890. Conn.— Rare summer visitor (Lyme; Suffield, Aug. 16, 1876; West Stratford, May 30, 1888) and summer resident (Greenwich, with nestlings, July 10, 1892). 366. OPporoRNis AaGILis (Wilson) Baird. Connecticut warbler. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 241, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4. Sylvia agilis Wils., Amer. ornith., 1812, vol. 5, p. 64, pl. 39, fig. 4. “CONNECTICUT.” 200 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Tamarack swamps, and in migration, damp woods and thickets; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare fall migrant. Sept. 5-20 (nec Aug. 30, 1878, Cape Elizabeth). N. H.— Rare fall migrant. Sept. 6—Oct. 11. VrT.— Rare (? spring and) fall migrant. (? Brattleboro, May; ? Rutland, April 24, 1879); Sept. 20-30. Mass.— Uncommon fall migrant (? accidental in spring). (May 1890, West Newton, fide Maynard); Sept. 7—Oct. 9. R. I— Uncommon fall migrant. Sept. 24-Oct. 2 (Nov. 12). Conn.— Accidental spring and uncommon fall migrant. (Spring, Saybrook; nec New Haven); Sept. 15-Oct. 10. 367. OPORORNIS PHILADELPHIA (Wilson) Ridgway. Mourning warbler. Sylvia philadelphia Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 101, pl. 14, fig. 6. “WITHIN A FEW MILES OF PHILADELPHIA.” Trichas philadelphia (Wils.). De Kay, Zool. New York, 1844, vol. 2, p. 81, pl. 54, fig. 122. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, figs. 12, 13. ‘Tangles of bushes, vines, and briers; nests on or near the ground. Mzr.— Uncommon migrant, and in northern part an uncommon summer resident. (May 16) May 24-fall. Eggs, June 10-16. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and from White Mts. north an uncommon summer resident. May 19-Sept. 13. Eggs, June 8. Vr.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident south to Londonderry. May 20-Sept. 20. Mass.— Rare migrant and in Berkshire Co., a rare summer resident. (May 14) May 21—June 13; summer; Sept. 12-30. R. I.— Rare migrant. May 21—June 5; Sept. 4. Conn.— Rare migrant. May 12-27; fall. AVES. 901 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. 368. GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS (Linné) Cabanis. Maryland yellowthroat; Black-masked ground warbler; Yel- lowthroat. Turdus trichas Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 293. “tw AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.’” Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla (Swains.). Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 251, pl. 20, fig. 83-5. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, ie, GSI Weed patches and thickets near water; nests on or near the ground. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 6—Oct. 13 (Oct. 22). Eggs, May 28—June 12. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident at lower eleva- tions. May 6-Oct. 7. Eggs, June 3-21. Vt.— Common migrant and summer resident. Eggs, June 2. Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; accidental in winter. (April 30) May 2-Oct. 21 (winter). Eggs, May 24~ June 17. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 22)—Oct. 17. Eggs, May 25—June 5. A Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 29) May 4-Noy.1. Eggs, May 22-June 18. 369. IcTERIA VIRENS (Linné) Baird. Yellow-breasted chat; Ghost-bird (Indian); Yellow chat. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 162, pl. 244. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 5, figs. 14, 15. Turdus virens Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 171. “AMERICA.” Bushy thickets; nests in low bushes. Me.— Accidental visitor (five instances). June 6—Oct. 5. 202 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. N. H.— Doubttully recorded. Vr.— Very rare summer fesident in extreme south: Pownall, June 16, 1896. Mass.— Rare local summer resident near coast and in western valleys. May 10-Sepi. 10 (Oct. 26, 1907, Lynnfield). Eggs, May 18—June 18. R. I.— Locally common summer resident in southern part. May 3—-Aug. 5. Eggs, May 31—June 13. Conn.— Locally common summer resident. May 5~-Aug. Eggs, May 22-July 7. 370. Wrtsonta cirrrva (Boddaert) A. O. U. comm. Hooded warbler. Muscicapa citrina Bodd., Tabl. d. planch. enlum. d’hist. nat., 1783, p. 41. Based on Buffon. Wilsonia mitrata (Gmel.). Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 269, pl. 21, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, fig. 1. Undergrowth of woods; nests in bushes. Me.— Accidental visitor: Falmouth, Sept. 10, 1904. Vt.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Rare visitor; possibly breeding in southwestern valleys. May 8—Oct. 15 (June 25, 1879, Brookline; June 25, 1888, Province- town). R. I— Accidental visitor: Kingston. Conn.— Uncommon summer resident of laurel undergrowth. May 2-Sept. Eggs, May 25-June 24. 371. Wutsonta pusitia (Wilson) Bonaparte. Wilson’s warbler; Black-capped flycatching warbler; Wilson’s blackcap. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 274, pl. 22, figs. 12 Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, fig. 2. AVES. 203 PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Muscicapa pusilla Wils., Amer. ornith., 1811, vol. 3, p. 103, pl. 26, fig. 4. “soUTHERN STATES, AND....NEW JERSEY AND DELAWARE.” Bushy growth near streams or in swamps; nests on the ground. Mer.— Uncommon migrant and summer resident (south to Pittsfield). May 7—-June 5; summer; Aug. 18—Sept. 11 (Oct.). Eggs, May 31—June 19. N. H.— Uncommon migrant and north of White Mts. a rare local summer resident (Lancaster). May 9-29; (summer); Aug. 15-Oct. 3. Eggs, June 6. Vr.— Uncommon migrant; (?summer). May 17; Aug. 24. Mass.— Uncommon migrant. May 7-30 (June 1); Aug. 23- Sept. 27 (Nov. 20, 1898, Belmont). R. I— Uncommon migrant. May 15-22; Sept. (Nov. 30). Conn.— Uncommon migrant. May 10-25; Sept. 27. 372. WILSONIA CANADENSIS (Linné) Coues. Canadian warbler; Canada flycatcher. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 280, pl 22, fig. 3-5. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4. Muscicapa canadensis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, (on Bh ~~ CANA? Wet woods or thickets along streams; nests on or near the ground. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 25, Bangor; May 7) May 10-Sept. 12. Eggs, May 30. N. H— Common migrant and less common local summer resident below 3000 ft. May 13-Sept. 13. Eggs, June 9-13. Vr.— Common migrant and less common local summer resident. May 15-fall. Mass.— Common migrant and less common summer resident mainly in western part. May 9-Sept. 29. Eggs, June 9—26. - R. I.— Common migrant and uncommon local summer resident. May 11-fall. 204 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MNIOTILTIDAE. Conn.— Common migrant and rare local summer resident (Portland). (May 6) May 12-fall. Eggs, May 30. 373. SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linné) Swainson. American redstart. Chapman, Warblers No. Amer., 1907, p. 287, pl. 23, fig. 1-3. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 6, fig. 5. Motacilla ruticilla Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 186. ““AMERICA.” Orchards, shade and forest trees; nests in trees. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 4—Oct. 1 (Oct. 13). Eggs, June 2-30. N. H.— Common migrant and summer resident below 3000 ft. May 4-Oct. 5. Eggs, May 30—June 13. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 8-fall. Mass.— Common migrant. and summer resident. (April 13, 23, 30) May 4-Oct. 12 (Nov. 1, 1908, Arnold arboretum). Eggs, May 29-June 21. R. I— Common migrant and summer resident. May 1-Sept. 8. Eggs, June 1-13. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident. May 3- Oct. 16 (Oct. 26). Eggs, May 20-June 27. MOTACILLIDAE. 374. ANTHUS RUBESCENS (Tunstall) A. O. U. comm. American pipit; Brown lark; Titlark; Wagtail. Alauda rubescens ‘Tunstall, Ornith. Britannica, 1771, p. 2. No locality; based on Red lark from London and North America (fide Oberholser). Anthus pensilvanicus (Lath.). Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1904, pt. 3, p. 12. Anthus pipiens Audubon, Ornith. biogr., 1832, vol. 1, pl. 80. AVES. 205 PASSERES. OSCINES. MOTACILLIDAE. Barren grounds, fields and sea coasts; nests on the ground. Mer.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. May 2-18 (June 1, 1907, Lubec); Sept. 13-Oct. 25 (Dec. 13, 1901, Seguin Id.). N. H.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. April 3-May 10; Sept. 15—Nov. Vt.— Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant. Mass.— Uncommon spring and common fall migrant; acci- dental in winter (Boston Harbor, Feb. 25, 1882; Newburyport, Jan. 4, 1878). April 18-May 20 (June 8); (Aug. 29, 1888, Mon- omoy Id.) Sept. 10—Nov. 24 (winter). R. I— Rare spring and common fall migrant. Mar. 29-May 15; Sept. 16—Nov. 28. Conn.— Rare spring and common fall migrant. April-May; Sept. 15-Nov. 14 (Dec. 25, 1908, South Norwalk). MIMIDAE. 375. Mrimus potyaLottos (Linné) Bonaparte. Mockingbird. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 377; Bird- life, 1898, pl. 66. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, fig. 8-10. Turdus polyglottos Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 169. “VIRGINIA.” Thickets and dense tree clumps; nests in bushes or trees. Me.— Occasional visitor at all seasons or escape; said to have bred at Leeds about 1885. N. H.— Accidental visitor or escape: Hampton; Milford. Vr.— Accidental visitor or escape; pair nested at Lunenburg, 1884. Mass.— Occasional visitor at all seasons or escape; rare summer resident (Arlington, Groton, Marshfield, ? Provincetown, Spring- field). Eggs, June 13-20. R. I.— Occasional visitor at all seasons (or escape). 206 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. MIMIDAE. Conn.— Rare summer resident (more frequent formerly); occasional visitor (or escape) at all seasons. Eggs, June 20 (Jewett City). 376. DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS (Linné) A. O. U. comm. Catbird; Pussy. Muscicapa carolinensis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 328. “CAROLINA.” ; Orpheus carolinensis (Linné). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 195, pl. 140. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, fig. 11. Bushy thickets near water; nests in bushes or among vines. Mr.— Common summer resident, mainly of southern counties. May 17-Oct. 4. Eggs, June 2-17; July (2d brood). N. H.— Common summer resident north to White Mt. valleys; accidental in early winter (Concord, Dec. 3, 1901; Wilton, Dec. 25, 1904). May 6—-Oct. 14 (Dec. 25). Eggs, June 6—-July 28 (? 2d brood). . Vr.— Common summer resident. Mass.— Common summer resident; accidental in winter. (April 13, 1908, Westwood) April 29—-Oct. 16 (Dec.; winter 1908- 09, Forest Hills). Eggs, May 22—June 20. R. I— Common summer and casual winter resident. (April 24)—Oct. 13 (Dec. 28—Mar. 4, Mar. 19). Eggs, May 25—June 10. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 3—-Noy. 4. Eggs, May 17-23; July 26 (2d brood). 377. ‘ToxostoMa RUFUM (Linné) Cabanis. Brown thrasher; Brown thrush; Mavis; Mocking thrush; Planting-bird; Song thrush; Thrasher. Turdus rufus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 169. “IN AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI & MERIDIONALI.” Orpheus rufus (Linné). Audubon. Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 9, pl. 141. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, figs. 12, 13. So?) AVES. 207 PASSERES. OSCINES. MIMIDAE. Thickets and sproutlands; nests in bushes or rarely on the ground. Mer.— Common summer resident in southwestern counties. (? April 8) April 28—Oct. 14. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident north to White Mt. valleys. (April 16)—Oct. 10. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident at lower elevations. Mass.— Common summer and accidental winter resident (Arlington). (April 16) April 20-Oct. 26 (Nov. 4; winter). Eggs, May 10-June 21. R. I— Common summer resident; casual in winter. (April 14)—Oct. 13 (Jan. 30). Eggs, May 19—June 4. Conn.— Common summer resident. April 22—Oct. 2. TROGLODYTIDAE. 378. ‘[CHRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS (Latham) Bonaparte. Carolina wren; Great Carolina wren; Mocking wren. Sylvia ludoviciana Lath., Index ornith., 1790, vol. 2, p. 548. “LOUISIANA.” Troglodytes ludovicianus Bonap. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 116, pl. 117. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, fig. 11. Dense undergrowth and tangles; nests in cavities of trees or erevices of buildings. Mr— Accidental visitor (Falmouth, Oct. 3, 1908; Waterville) and accidental summer resident (Norway Lake, eggs, June, 1883, fide Knight). N. H.— Accidental visitor: Alstead, July 6, 1903; Rye Beach, Aug. 7, 1880; Webster, about 1900. Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Occasional visitor at all seasons and very rare summer resident (Naushon Id., July, 1901). 208 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. TROGLODYTIDAE. R. I— Occasional visitor in summer and fall, and rare summer resident (at Middletown). April 9-Noy. 28. Eggs, April 15. Conn.— Occasional visitor at all seasons and rare resident (near Bridgeport, Chester, South Norwalk). Eggs, July 16. 379. ‘THRYOMANES BEWICKH (Audubon) Ridgway. Bewick’s wren. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U.S. nat. mus., 1904, pt. 3, p. 552. Troglodytes bewickiit Aud., Ornith. biogr., 1831, vol. 1, p. 96, pl. 18. “aBouT FIVE MILES FROM ST. FRANCISVILLE,....LOUIS- IANA.” Brush piles, orchards, and vicinity of outbuildings; nests in cavities of trees or buildings. Me.— Doubttfully recorded (Seguin Id., Oct. 6). N. H.— Accidental visitor: Alton, April 25, 1890. 380. TROGLODYTES AEDON Vieillot. House wren. Vieill., Hist. nat. ois. Amér. Sept., 1807, vol. 2, p. 52, pl. 107. “Canapa,....NOUVELLE-Ecosse.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 125, pl. 120. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13. Brush piles, orchards, and vicinity of outbuildings; nests in hollow limbs, bird boxes, or any convenient crevice. Me.— Uncommon local summer resident (to Caribou). May 8—Aug. N. H.— Uncommon summer resident becoming rare among White Mt. valleys. May 18—Sept. 24. | Vr.— Uncommon summer resident. May 11-fall. Mass.— Locally common summer resident. (April 24) May 1- Oct. 30. Eggs, May 25-June 5. R. I— Locally common summer resident; formerly more common. April 26-Sept. Eggs, May 21-27. Conn.— Common summer resident. April 25—Oct. 30. AVES. 209 PASSERES. OSCINES. TROGLODYTIDAE. 381. NANNUS HIEMALIS (Vieillot) A. O. U. comm. Winter wren. Troglodytes hiemalis Vieill., Nouv. dict. d’hist. nat., 1819, vol. 34, p. 514. ‘‘NouvELLE-Ecossk ET DANS L’ Eat pe New York.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 128, pl. 121. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, fig. 14. Damp woods or thickets near water, and in migration, tangles, brush heaps, and brier patches; nests in crevices of upturned roots. Mer.— Common migrant and in northern part a common sum- mer resident; very rare winter resident (Bangor). (April 1) April 9-Noy. 17 (winter). Eggs, May 20—June 3; Aug. 8 (2d brood). N. H— Common migrant and less common summer resident, local south of White Mts.; rare winter resident in southeast part. April 5-Noy. 15 (winter). Eggs, May 20-July 23 (2d brood). Vt.— Uncommon migrant, less common summer resident in mountainous parts south to Londonderry; may winter. April 7- Noy. 24 (Dec. 30, Jan. 1). Eggs, June 4. Mass.— Uncommon migrant, less common summer resident (Berkshire Co., and locally east, Lynn, Winchendon); rare winter resident near coast. April 4-29; summer; Sept. 2-Nov. 25; winter. R. I— Uncommon migrant and rare winter resident; rare local summer resident (Washington Co., nest with young, May 24, 1908). April; (summer); Sept.Nov. 28; winter. Conn.— Uncommon migrant and less common winter resident. Oct. 2—April. 382. CISTOTHORUS STELLARIS (Lichtenstein) Cabanis. Short-billed marsh wren. Troglodytes stellaris Licht., in Naumann’s Vogel Deutschl., 1828, vol. 3, tab. ad p. 724. “CAROLINA.” 210 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. TROGLODYTIDAE. Troglodytes brevirostris Nutt. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 138, pl. 124. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 3, fig. 1. . Wet grassy meadows; nest usually built among tall grass stems near the ground. Mer.— Rare local summer resident (Bangor, Glenburn). May 4—Oct. 10. ; N. H.— Rare local summer resident in southern part; rare visitor in White Mt. region. Mass.— Very local summer resident, sometimes common. May 6-Oct. 9. Eggs, May 25-June 18; July 7 (? 2d brood). R. I— Rare local summer resident (Newport). Eggs, June 6. Conn.— Rare local summer resident. Spring—Sept. 17. 383. ‘'TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS (Wilson) Henry. Long-billed marsh wren. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1904, pt. 3, p. 489. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, fig. 15. Certhia palustris Wils., Amer. ornith., 1810, vol. 2, p. 58, pl. 12, fig. 4. “PENNSYLVANIA....ALONG THE TIDE WATER OF OUR RIVERS.” Cat-tail swamps; nests among the flags. Vt.— Rare visitor: Brattleboro, May, 1902; Middlebury; Rutland, May 27, 1907. Mass.— Common local summer resident in western valleys and coastwise (Essex Co.); rare winter resident (Fresh Pond). (May 2) May 15—-Nov. 30 (winter). Eggs, June 5-29 (Aug. 1). R. I— Common local summer resident. May—Oct. 6. Eggs, May 31—June 16. Conn.— Common summer and rare winter resident. May 5- (winter). Eggs, June 7—July 28 AVES. PAL PASSERES. ; OSCINES. CERTHIIDAE. 384. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS AMERICANA (Bonaparte) Ridgway. Brown creeper; Tree creeper. Certhia americana Bonap., Geogr. and comparative list birds Europe and No. Amer., 1838, p. 11. ““WESTERN AND NORTHERN PARTS’ oF No. AMERICA. Certhia jamaliaris Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, p. 109, pl. 115. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, fig. 10. Cool mixed or coniferous woods in summer, tree growth gener- ally at other seasons; nests behind loose flake of bark. Mer.— Common migrant, less common summer and winter resident. Eggs, May 31—June 23. N. H.— Resident, breeding locally south of White Mts., and more commonly north. Eggs, May. Vr.— Common migrant and winter resident; uncommon local summer resident. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident; less common summer resident in western part, but rare and local in eastern swamps (to Taunton). Sept. 12-May 8; summer. Eggs, May 6-23. R. I— Common migrant and winter resident. Sept. 2—April 26. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident; rare summer resident. Late Sept—late April (summer). SITTIDAE. 385. SITTA CAROLINENSIS Latham. White-breasted nuthatch; Sapsucker. Lath., Index ornith., 1790, vol. 1, p. 262. “In AMERICA, JAMAICA; Europara MINOR.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 175, pl. 247. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, fig. 8. Orchards, shade and forest trees; nests in holes in trees or stumps. 212 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. ; OSCINES. SITTIDAE. Me., N. H., Vr— Common migrant, uncommon summer and winter resident. Eggs, May 1-15 (ME.). ; Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident; uncommon summer resident. Eggs, April 3-May 1. R. I—Common migrant and winter resident; uncommon summer resident. Sept. 14-April 22; summer. Eggs, April 20- ~ May 22. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident, less common summer resident. Eggs, May 8—June 7. 386. SIrrTa CANADENSIS Linné. Red-breasted nuthatch; Canada nuthatch; Red-bellied nut- hatch. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 177. “Canapa.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 4, p. 179, pl. 248. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, fig. 9. Coniferous woods, or, on migrations, tree growth generally; nests in holes excavated in dead trees. Mer.— Common resident south to Cape Elizabeth; elsewhere a periodically common winter resident. Eggs, May 6-June 2 (early July). N. H.— Common resident from White Mts. north, elsewhere a rare summer and irregular winter resident. Eggs, May 20. Vr.— Uncommon winter visitor and local summer resident. Eggs, May 5-30. Mass.— Irregular fall and winter visitor; in western part at higher levels an uncommon, and elsewhere a rare and irregular summer resident. Aug. 15-May 20; summer. Eggs, May 18- June 10. R. I— Uncommon and irregular fall and winter visitor. Oct. 5—winter. Conn.— Uncommon and irregular fall and winter visitor. (Aug. 28) Sept. 24-April 19. AVES. 213 PASSERES. OSCINES. PARIDAE. 387. BAEOLOPHUS BICOLOR (Linné) Cabanis. Tufted titmouse. Parus bicolor Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 340. ‘I~ AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.”’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 148, pl. 125. Woodlands generally; nests in holes of trees and stumps. Mer.— Accidental visitor: near Orono. N. H., Vr.— Doubttfully recorded. Conn.— Rare visitor: near Hartford; Lyme, Feb. 27, 1872 Jan. 1874; New Haven (Linsley). J 388. PENTHESTES ATRICAPILLUS (Linné) Ridgway. Chickadee; Black-capped chickadee or titmouse. Parus atricapillus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 341. “Canapa.’ Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 146, pl. 126. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5. Tree growth generally; nests near water in low dead stumps. Mz.— Common resident. Eggs, May 10—June 18. N. H— Common resident, breeding below 3000 ft. Vr.— Common resident. Eggs, May 10. Mass.— Common winter and less common summer resident. Eggs, May 4—June 25. R. I—Common winter and less common summer resident. Eggs, May 9-18. Conn.— Common resident. Eggs, May 10—June 4. 389. PENTHESTES HUDSONICUS (Forster) Ridgway. Hudsonian chickadee. Parus hudsonicus Forst., Phil. trans. roy. soc. “London, 1772, vol. 62, pp. 408, 480. “SrvERN River....apD Srivum Hupsonis.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 155, pl. 128. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, figs. 6, 7. 214 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. PARIDAE. Spruce and fir forests; nests in holes in low trees or stumps. Me.— Rare resident in northern and eastern counties; else- where an uncommon or rare winter visitor. N. H.— Uncommon resident mainly above 3000 ft. on White Mts., north; elsewhere a rare winter visitor. Vr.— Uncommon resident in northern part and on higher mountains (Mt. Stratton, Sutton); elsewhere a rare winter visitor. Mass.— Rare late fall and winter visitor; once in Plymouth Co., June 5, 1896. Oct. 18—April 5 (June 5). R. I.— Accidental late fall visitor: Smithfield, Nov. 1, 1880. Conn.— Accidental late fall visitor: New Haven, Nov. 13, 1875. SYLVIIDAE. 390. RecuLus saTrapa Lichtenstein. Golden-crowned kinglet; Golden-crested wren. Licht., Verzeichn. d. doubl. d. Mus. Berlin, 1823, p. 35. ““AM[ERICA] SEPT[ENTRIONALI].” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 165, pl. 132. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2. Spruce and fir forests in summer, tree growth generally at other times; nests in conifers. Mer.— Common migrant and less common winter resident; common summer resident in northern part. Eggs, June 15-24. N. H.— Common migrant, less common winter resident; com- mon summer resident from White Mts. north, local to the south. Eggs, May 24. Vr.— Common migrant and winter resident; less common local summer resident. Sept. 18-May 7; summer. Mass.— Common migrant and winter resident; uncommon summer resident in western part but rare and local in eastern (Lynn, Plymouth Co., Winchendon). Sept—April; summer. Eggs, May— June 29. R. I1— Common migrant and winter resident. Sept. 25—April 2. AVES. Dis PASSERES. | OSCINES. SYLVIIDAE. Conn.— Common migrant and winter resident. Oct. 13-May. 391. REGULUS CALENDULA (Linné) Lichtenstein. Ruby-crowned kinglet; Ruby-crested wren. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 168, pl. 133. Motacilla calendula Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 337. “PENNSYLVANIA.” Spruce and fir forests, and in migrations, tree growth generally; nests in conifers. Mer.— Common migrant and probably a rare summer resident in northern part (Ft. Kent, with young; near Bangor, nest without eggs). April 14-May 16 (May 23); (summer); Sept. 25—-Oct. 22. N. H— Common migrant. April 14-May 11; Sept. 9-Oct. 20. Vt.— Common migrant. April 11; fall. Mass.— Common migrant; casual in winter (at Highland Light, Jan. 15, 1892; Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Dec. 23, 1899). April 5- May 13; Sept. 23—Nov. 20 (winter). R. I— Common migrant. April-May 6; Oct. Conn.— Common migrant. April 11-(May 16); Oct. 13—Nov. 24. 392. PoLiopTILA CAERULEA (Linné) Sclater. Blue-gray gnatcatcher. Motacilla caerulea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 337. ‘“PENSYLVANIA.” Culicivora coerulea Lath. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1840, vol. 1, p. 244, pl. 70. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 2, fig. 3. Woodlands; nests in trees. Mer.— Accidental visitor: Cape Elizabeth, Aug. 29, 1880; April 1S, SO: N. H., Vr.— Doubtfully recorded. Mass.— Accidental visitor (? may once have bred near Taunton). Aug. 27—Dec. 18. 216 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. SYLVIIDAE. R. I.— Accidental visitor (several instances). May 23, June 24. Conn.— Rare summer visitor (five instances, nec Wauregan). April 6—-Sept. 1. TURDIDAE. 393. HyYLocICHLA MUSTELINA (Gmelin) Ridgway. Wood thrush; Mountain thrush (Vt.); Swamp angel; Swamp thrush; Wood robin. Turdus mustelinus Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 817. “Tn NoveBoraco.” Seebohm and Sharpe, Monogr. of Turdidae, 1898, pt. 4, pl. 48. Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 395, fig. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, fig. 2. Bushy growth near edges of moist shady woods; nests in bushes or trees. Mer.— Rare summer resident in southwestern part (to Franklin Co.). Spring—Sept. 6. N. H.— Rare summer resident north to White Mt. valleys. May 15-Sept. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident at lower elevations (to Mt. Mansfield and Willoughby Lake). May 10-fall. Mass.— Common summer resident, mainly at low elevations. (April 26) May 1-Sept. 28 (Oct. 10; Nov. 18, 1897, Wellesley Hills). Eggs, May 25-June 15 (June 26). R. I— Common summer resident. May 4-Sept. Eggs, May 21—June 6. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 1—Oct. Eggs, May 27-June 21. 394. HyLocICHLA FUSCESCENS (Stephens) Ridgway. Wilson’s thrush; Cheeury; Nightingale; Swamp robin; Tawny thrush; Veery. Turdus fuscescens Steph., Shaw’s Gen. zool., 1817, vol. 10, pt. AVES. 217 PASSERES. OSCINES. TURDIDAE. 1, p. 182. “TO THE NORTH OF PENSYLVANIA.” Seebohm and Sharpe, Monogr. Turdidae, 1898, pt. 4, pl. 44. Egg, Capen, 1886, [lle Ie ivees 7 Swamps and undergrowth along streams; nests on or near the ground, rarely in trees. Mer.— Common summer resident. (? April 17, 26) May 1- Sept. 20 (Oct. 1). Eggs, June 1-18 (July 1). N. H— Common summer resident below 1500 ft. May 10- Sept. Eggs, June 9. Vr.— Common summer resident. May 11—Sept. Eggs, May 30—June 28 (July 26). Mass.— Common summer resident. (April 30) May 1-Sept. 27 (Oct. 14, 1871, Fresh Pond, Cambridge). Eggs, May 20-June 30. R. I— Common summer resident. (April 29)—Sept. 25. Eggs, May 26-31. Conn.— Common summer resident. May 1-Sept. 1. 395. HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS SALICICOLA Ridgway. Willow thrush; Newfoundland thrush. Ridgw., Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 1882, vol. 4, p. 374. “Rocky MounrTAIN REGION....FoRT GARLAND, COLo.,” etc. Swamps and undergrowth bordering streams; nests on or near the ground. Mass.— Rare migrant: Lanesboro, Sept. 27, 1900; Lowell (these are the race “‘fuliginosa’’ Howe, considered by the A. O. U. committee inseparable from salicicola and by Ridgway as synony- mous with H. fuscescens). R. I— Rare migrant: Bristol, Sept. 24, 1899; Newport, Sept. 25, 1885. Conn.— Rare migrant. May 5, 6, 14, 16; Sept. 23 (= saler- cola, Bishop). 218 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. TURDIDAE. 396. HyYLocIcHLA ALICIAE (Baird) Ridgway. Gray-cheeked thrush; Alice’s thrush; Arctic thrush. Turdus aliciae Baird, U. S. war dept., expl. and surv. Miss. Riv. to Pac. Ocean, 1858, pt. 2, birds, p. 217. “ILLINOoIS,....UPPER Missouri.” Seebohm and Sharpe, Monogr. Turdidae, 1898, pt. 4, pl. 45, fig. 1. Dense fir thickets in summer, moist shaded spots on migration; nests in low trees. Mzr.— Uncommon migrant. May 20-25; Sept. 20. N. H.— Rare migrant: Dublin, Oct. 2, 1899. Vt.— Rare migrant. May 18. Mass.— Uncommon migrant. (May 13) May 17-June 3 (June 18); Sept. 10-Oct. 9. R. I— Uncommon migrant. May 20; Sept. 23—Oct. 7. Conn.— Uncommon migrant. 397. HYLOCICHLA ALICIAE BICKNELLI Ridgway. Bicknell’s thrush. Ridgw., Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 1882, vol. 4, p. 377. “SLIDE Mountain, Utster County, New York.” Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1907, pt. 4, p. 62. (Unfigured). Fir and spruce thickets in summer, moist shady spots on migra- tion; nests in low trees. Mer.— Common local summer resident on higher mountain tops (Mt. Abraham, Ktaadn, etc.); Maine breeding birds may be true aliciae (Knight). May—Sept. 20. N. H— Common summer resident above 3000 ft. to tree limit among White Mts., south to Sandwich Range. May 25-Sept. 15. Eggs, June 22. Vr.— Uncommon summer resident on higher mountains: Jay Peak, Mt. Annanance, Mt. Killington, Mt. Mansfield, Pico Peak, etc. May-—-Sept. Eggs, June 22. Mass.— Uncommon migrant, and on summit of Mt. Greylock AVES. 219 PASSERES. OSCINES. TURDIDAE. (3505 ft.) a rare summer resident. (May 2)—May 30; summer; Sept. 18-Oct. 25. R. I— Uncommon migrant. Oct. 9. Conn.— Uncommon migrant. 398. HYLOCICHLA USTULATA SWAINSONII (Cabanis) Ridgway. Olive-backed thrush; Flycatching thrush; Mosquito thrush; Swainson’s thrush; Swamp robin. : Turdus swainsona Cab., Fauna Peruana, 1845-46, p. 188. ‘““PERU’’; specimen described from NEw JERSEY (= type locality). Seebohm and Sharpe, Monogr. 'Turdidae, 1898, pt. 4, pl. 45, fig. 3. Turdus ustulatus swainsoni (Cab.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 398. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6. Cool shady thickets; nests in low trees or bushes. Mer.— Common migrant and in northern part a common sum- mer resident. (May 6) May 9-26; summer—Oct. 23. Eggs, May 29-June 9 (early July). N. H.— Common migrant, and from White Mts. north a com- mon summer resident, local to the south. May 16—-Oct. Eggs, June 16—July 11. Vr.— Common migrant and less common summer resident mainly in northern part and at higher levels south to Londonderry. Mass.— Common migrant and in higher parts of Berkshire Co., an uncommon summer resident. May 3-June 7; summer; Sept. 9 Oct a 21n | R. I.— Common migrant. May 8-; Sept. 27—Oct. 2. Conn.— Common migrant. May 10-26; Sept. 4—Oct. 13. 399. HyLocicHLA GUTTATA PALLASII (Cabanis) Faxon and Hoff- mann. Hermit thrush; Ground swamp robin (Me.); Rufous-tailed thrush; Solitary thrush; Swamp robin or thrush; Wood- chuck. Turdus paliasi Cab., Arch. f. naturgesch., 1847, vol. 13, pt. 1, 220 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. TURDIDAE. p- 205. Locality not given; based on Cab., in Tschudi’s Fauna Peruana. Seebohm and Sharpe, Monogr. Turdidae, 1898, pt. 4, pl. 46, fig. 2. j Turdus aonalaschkae pallasu (Cab.). Chapman, Handb. birds east. No. Amer., 1895, p. 400. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4. Undergrowth of dry woods; nests on the ground. Me.— Common migrant and summer resident; may winter rarely. (April 5) April 13—Nov. 26 (Dec. 25, 1904, Cape Elizabeth). Eggs, (May 1) May 17—June 10; July 14~Aug. 10 (2d brood). N. H— Common migrant and summer resident below 3000 ft. (April 5) April 10—Nov. 24. Eggs, —July 8. Vr.— Common migrant and summer resident. (April 4) April 10-fall. Mass.— Common migrant, less.common summer resident in western, local in eastern part (Cape Cod, Martha’s Vineyard); rare winter resident near coast. (April 1) April 8—Nov. 30 (winter). Eggs, June 14. R. I— Common migrant and rare winter resident; rare local summer resident (Kent Co.). April 10-(summer); Oct.—Nov. 20 (Dec. 3, winter). Eggs, June 6. Conn.— Common migrant, uncommon local summer resident (Bear Mt., Hartford Co., Norfolk, Salisbury); rare winter resident. (April 3) April 12-May; summer; Oct.—Nov. 20 (winter). 400. PLANESTICUS MIGRATORIUS (Linné) Coues. American robin. Turdus migratorius Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 292. “In AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 14, pl. 142. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, fig. 1. Ubiquitous, but avoiding woods in breeding season; nests in trees, on ledges of buildings, or on the ground. Me., N. H., Vr— Common migrant and summer resident; rare winter resident mainly in southern part. Mar. 3—Nov.; win- AVES. 991 PASSERES. OSCINES. TURDIDAE. tet. Eggs, (Mz.) April 28—June 15; July—early Aug. (2d and 3d broods). Mass.— Common migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident chiefly near coast. Mar. 8—Nov. 23; winter. Eggs, April 25—July 25 (2d brood) (! Oct. 29, 1903, Brandon). R. I— Common migrant, less common summer and winter resident. Mar. 11—Nov. 28; winter. Eggs, April 17—June 7; July. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; less common winter resident. Feb. 18-Nov.; winter. Eggs, April 27—July 2. 401. Ixorrus NAEvIUS (Gmelin) Richmond. Varied thrush. Turdus naevius Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 817. “IN sSINU AMERICAE NATCa.” Orpheus meruloides (Swains.). Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1831, vol. 2, p. 187, pl. 38. | Evergreen forests; nests in trees. Mass.— Accidental visitor: Ipswich, Dec. 1864. 402. Strata statis (Linné) Haldeman. Bluebird. Motacilla sialis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 187. ‘Tn BermMupis & AMERICA CALIDIORE.”’ Siaha wilsonit Swains. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 2, p. 171, pl. 134. Egg, Capen, 1886, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15. Orchards and open country; nests in hollow limbs or in bird houses. Mer.— Common migrant and summer resident. (Feb. 28) Mar. 10-Nov. 14. Eggs, April 21-May 15; June 24-July 6 (2d brood). N. H.— Common migrant and less common summer resident at lower elevations. Mar. 2—Oct. 25. Eggs, May 1—June 25. 222 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. PASSERES. OSCINES. TURDIDAE. Vr— Common migrant and summer resident. (Feb. 23) Mar. 17—-Oct. 16. Mass.— Common migrant, less common summer resident; near coast, a rare winter resident (Melrose Highlands, Roxbury, Wellesley, Cape Cod). (Feb. 23) Mar. 1-Nov. 20 (Dec. 10, 29); winter. Eggs, April 15—June 5. R. I— Common migrant, less common summer resident, and occasional winter resident. Mar. 2—Nov. 27; winter. Eggs, (Mar. 1, Westerly) April 7-20. Conn.— Common migrant and summer resident; uncommon winter resident. Mar. 5-Nov. 13; winter. Eggs, April 15- June 14. Species INTRODUCED OR ERRONEOUSLY ACCREDITED. CoLyMBUS crRisTaTus Linné. Crested grebe.— An Old World species erroneously recorded by early writers. AETHIA CRISTATELLA (Pallas). Crested auklet.— Doubtfully recorded from Chatham, Mass., winter of 1884-85. CEPPHUS MANDTII (Lichtenstein). Mandt’s guillemot.— The sup- posed Maine specimen proves to be C. grylle, and the Massachusetts record is too doubtful for acceptance. PUFFINUS PUFFINUS (Briinnich). Manx shearwater. PUFFINUS ‘‘ CINEREUS”’ (= KUHLI Gould). Mediterranean shearwater.— European species listed from New England by several of the older writers but probably in error for P. gravis or P. borealis. THALASSIDROMA PELAGICA (Linné). Stormy petrel.— Given on au- thority of Boardman as a rare summer visitor “off the coast of Eastern Maine,” but the record is not allowed by Knight. PELAGODROMA MARINA (Latham). White-faced petrel— A specimen taken in lat. 40° 34’ 18” N., long. 66° 09’ W., Sept. 2, 1885, was included in Dr. J. A. Allen’s list of Massachusetts birds (1886), but the locality is out- side the limits covered by the present catalogue. PHALACROCORAX GRACULUS (Linné). Green cormorant.— This Euro- pean species is accredited to Massachusetts by W. B. O. Peabody, who doubtless confused it with the American P. auritus. AVES. Doo MERGELLUS ALBELLUS (Linné). Smew.— Accredited by Samuels to Massachusetts, but apparently without good reason CHENALOPEX AEGYPTIACUS (Linné) Stephens. Egyptian goose. Salvadori, Cat. birds British mus., 1895, vol. 27, p. 169; Gould, Birds of Europe, 1837, vol. 5, pl. [353]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 36, pl. 12, fig. 1. Anas aegyptiaca Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, pt. 1, p.197. “IN AEGYPTO?”’ Rivers and marshes; nests on the ground. Mass.— The several instances of capture may relate to either accidental visitors or escapes. ARDEA OCCIDENTALIS Audubon. Great white heron.— Recorded from Massachusetts in error for Herodias egretta. ScoLopax RusTicoLa Linné. European woodcock.—- Doubtful refer- ence to this species at Newport, R. I.; ? Maine. TOTANUS NEBULARIUS (Gunnerus). Greenshank.— This Old World species was accredited to Connecticut by Linsley who states that a speci- men was killed at Stratford in fall of 1842. OREORTYX PicTuUSs (Douglas) Baird. Mountain partridge; Plumed partridge. Ortyx picta Dougl., Trans. Linn. soe. London, 1829, vol. 16, p. 143. “INTERIOR OF CALIFORNIA.” ~ Ortix plumifera Gould. Audubon, Birds of Amer., vol. 5, p. 69, pl. 291. Thickets and open woods; nests on the ground. Mass — Introduced unsuccessfully about 1890. LOPHORTYX CALIFORNICUS (Shaw) Bonaparte. California partridge or quail. Tetrao californicus Shaw, Naturalist’s miscellany, 1797 (?), vol. 9, pl. 345 and text. ‘‘CALIFORNIA.” Callipepla californica (Shaw). Gould, Monogr. of Odontophorinae No. Amer., 1850, p. [57], pl. [16]. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 1, fig. 8-10. Bushy lowlands; nests on the ground. Mass.— Unsuccessfully introduced in Berkshire Co. about 1890. Conn.— Introduced: Bridgeport, Dec. 1840. LOPHORTYX GAMBELII Gambel. Gambel’s partridge. Gambel (ex Nuttall), Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1843, p. 260. “‘wEst OF CALIFORNIA.” 224 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. Callipepla gambelii (Nuttall). Cassin and Stephens, Illustr. birds of Calif., Texas, 1853, no. 2, p. 45, pl. 9. Egg, Bendire, 1892; vol. 1, pl. 1, fig. 11-14. Bushy growth; nests on the ground. Mass.— Unsuccessfully introduced in Berkshire and Bristol Cos. in 1893; Martha’s Vineyard in 1890; Winchendon in 1891. TETRAO UROGALLUS Linné. Capercaillie; Muscovian black gamecock; Wood grouse. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 159. ‘‘tv EUROPAE FRIGIDAE PINETIS PALUDOSIS.” Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. birds British mus., 1893, vol. 22, p. 62. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 5, pl. [489], p. [490]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 274, pl. 59, fig. 11. Mountainous forests; nests on the ground. Vr.— Introduced about 1897 at Middlebury, Rutland, and elsewhere, unsuccessfully. TYMPANUCHUS AMERICANUS (Reichenbach) Ridgway. Prairie hen; Prairie chicken. Cupidonia americanus Reich., Syst. avium, 1852, p. xxix. No locality. Tetrao cupido Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5, p. 93, pl. 296. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 2, fig. 18-20. Grassy prairies; nests on the ground. N. H.— Unsuccessfully introduced at Blue Mt. Park about 1893. Mass.— Unsuccessfully introduced: Barnstable and Berkshire Cos. in the ’80’s; between Concord and Belmont in 1884 or 1885; Martha’s Vineyard, 1902; Naushon Id.; Springfield, 1893. R. I.— Unsuceessfully introduced about 1897. PEDIOECETES PHASIANELLUS (Linné) Elliot. Sharp-tailed grouse. Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, No. Amer. birds, 1874, vol. 3, p. 434, pl. 9, fig. 3 (head). Tetrao phasianellus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 160. “Can- ADA.” Pediaecaetes phasianellus (Linné). Elliot, Monogr. of Tetraoninae, 1865, pl. 15. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 3, fig. 3-8. Thickets and clearings; nests on the ground. Vr.— Unsuccessfully introduced about 1897. Mass.— Unsuccessfully introduced near Westport about 1892. AVES. 995 PEDIOECETES PHASIANELLUS CAMPESTRIS Ridgway. Prairie sharp-tailed grouse. Ridgway, Proe. biol. soc. Washington, 1884, vol. 2, p. 93. “Iniino1s, AND....ROSEBUD CREEK, MONTANA TERR.” Tetrao phasianellus Linné. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1842, vol. 5 p- 110, pl. 298. Egg, Bendire, 1892, vol. 1, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10. Woods and thickets; nests on the ground. Mass.— Unsuccessfully introduced at Springfield, 1892. , CoTuRNIX COTURNIX (Linné) Lichtenstein. European quail; Migratory quail. Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. birds British mus., 1893, vol. 22, p. 235. Tetrao coturnix Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 161. ‘“‘Kuropa, Asia, AFRICA.” Coturnix communis Bonnaterre. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 7, pl. [476]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 277, pl. 59, figs. 1, 3. Meadows and fields; nests on the ground. Mz.— Introduced unsuccessfully in 1880; 2600 liberated, but failed to establish themselves. Nest at Falmouth, June. Vr.— Unsucceessfully introduced at Rutland, June, 1877. Mass.— Unsuceessfully introduced at various places (No. Falmouth, Springfield, Wareham) between 1870 and 1890. Conn.— Unsuceessfully introduced: Lakeville, 1878. PERDIX PERDIX (Linné). European partridge; Hungarian partridge; Partridge. Tetrao perdix Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 166. “In Evuro- PAE AGRIS.”’ Perdix cinerea Latham. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 7, p. [131], pls. [474, 475]. Open country and thickets; nests on the ground. Conn.— Introduced in 1908. PHASIANUS coLcHICcUS Linné. English pheasant; Pheasant. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1,p.158. “Arrica, Asta.” Ogilvie- Grant, Cat. birds British mus., 1893, vol. 22, p. 321. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 7, pl. [469]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 275, pl. 59, fig. 226 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. Bushy woods; nests on the ground, rarely in trees. N. H.— Introduced from England at Wolfboro in 18th century. Mass.— Unsuccessfully introduced in Berksh re Co. PHASIANUS TORQUATUS Gmelin. Ring-necked pheasant; Denny pheasant; Ring pheasant. Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 742. Refers to Latham’s Synop- sis: “CHINA... .2 ABOUT THE CASPIAN SHA,....GREAT TARTARY, AND IN THE SOUTH OF THE MoNnGoLIAN Desert.” Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. birds British mus., 1893, vol. 22, p. 332. Elliot, Monogr. Phasianidae, 1872, vol. 2, pl. 5 Thickets; nests on the ground. Vr.— Introduced successfully at Shelburne. Mass.— Introduced at Winchester and elsewhere, since 1894, and now well established at many places, mainly in eastern part. Conn.— Successfully introduced (Fisher’s Id.). CoLUMBA DOMESTICA Gmelin. Rock dove; Domestic pigeon; Dove; Pigeon. Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 769. No locality. Columba livia rae Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 7, p. [11], pl. [457] (upper fig., wild bird). Tegetmeier, Pigeons: their structure, varieties, habits, and management, London, 1868, 190 pp., 16 pls. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 158, pl. 47, fig. 9 Sea cliffs, nesting in crevices of rocks; now domesticated about buildings. Me.—Conn.— Introduced under domestication but now common in a feral state in towns and cities. BuTEO BOREALIS HARLANI (Audubon). Harlan’s hawk. Accredited to Massachusetts by Peabody on Nuttall’s authority, probably in error. “ButTEO cooperRiI”’ Cassin. Cooper’s hen-hawk; California hawk. A record for Cambridge, Mass., is believed to have been based on a very light-colored example of B. lineatus. SuRNIA ULULA (Linné). European hawk owl.— Specimens of this and the American race are said to have been taken,at Houlton, Me., in 1877, but probably all were S. u. caparoch. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS LEUCOMELAS (Boddaert). Northern hairy wood- pecker.— Under this name Chadbourne lists the Hairy woodpecker drone Williamstown, Mass., probably in error for D. villosus. AVES. DOR SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS NUCHALIS Baird. Red-naped sapsucker.— The supposed New Hampshire and Massachusetts specimens prove to be S. varwus varvus. AGYRTRIA VIRIDISSIMA (Lesson). Linne’s hummingbird. The au- thenticity of the supposed Cambridge specimen is open to doubt. ALAUDA ARVENSIS Linné. Skylark; Laverock. Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 165. “IN EUROPAE APRICIS.”’ Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1907, pt. 4, p. 292; Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 4, pl. [231]. Egg, Bendire, 1895, vol. 2, pl. 5, fig. 23. Open country, fields and meadows; nests on the ground. Mass.— Unsuccessfully introduced from Europe at Cambridge, prior to 1880. Mounia oryzivora (Linné). Java sparrow.— A specimen was taken at Belmont, Mass., Nov. 2, 1884, but this and others are doubtless escaped cage birds. MUNIA ATRICAPILLA (Vieillot). Rufous-and-black weaver-finch. — A specimen of this Indian species, (doubtless an escape), was captured near Brunswick, Maine, in March, 1879 (recorded as Amadina rubronigra). STURNELLA NEGLECTA Audubon. Western meadowlark.— Doubtfully recorded from Taunton, Mass. MecaQuiscaLus Masor (Vieillot). Boat-tailed grackle— Formerly accredited to Maine, Massachusetts, and Connecticut but probably the Bronzed grackle was the species observed. SERINUS BUTYRACEA (Linné) Bonaparte. Yellow finch. Fringilla butyracea Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 181. “Ma- DERA.”’ Serinus flaviventris (Swains.). Sharpe, Cat. birds British Mus., 1888, vol. 12, p. 353. A South African species. Mass.— Accidental visitor or escape: South Scituate, Feb. 1879, with flock of Redpolls. SERINUS SERINUS (Linné) Sharpe. Serin finch. Sharpe, Cat. birds British mus., 1888, vol. 12, p. 369. 228 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. Fringilla serinus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 320. “IN EUROPA AUSTRALI.” Serinus hortulanus Koch. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 3, [pl. 170]. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 240, pl. 56, fig. 16. Open country, orchards and gardens; nests in trees. Mass.— Probably éscaped cagebird: Springfield, Nov. 1866. PASSER DOMESTICUS (Linné) Koch. House sparrow; English sparrow; European house sparrow. Ridgway, Birds No. and Middle Amer., Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 148. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1876, vol. 3, p. [587], pl. [176], fig. 1. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 238, pl. 56, fig. 10-12. Fringilla domestica Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 183. “IN EUROPA PROPE RURA.” Villages and cities in vicinity of dwellings; nests in trees, vines, or any cavity. Mr.— Common resident; introduced at Portland in 1854 and 1858, at Lewiston in 1874, at Bangor about 1875. N. H.— Resident, common about large cities, less common in White Mt. valleys. Vr.— Common resident about towns and cities; introduced at St. Johns- bury between 1874 and 1876. Mass.— Common resident about towns and cities; introduced at Boston in 1858 and 1868, Brookline, 1868, Charlestown, 1869, Cottage C ty about 1882, Somerville, 1871. R. I.— Common resident; introduced at Peacedale in 1858, Providence in 1866 or before, Newport, 1874. Conn.— Common resident; introduced at New Haven in 1867, Nor- wich and Meriden between 1865 and 1870, Portland, 1869. ACANTHIS BREWSTERI (Ridgway). Brewster’s linnet. Brewster, Mem. Nuttall ornith. club, 1906, no. 4, pl. 6. Aegiothus (flavirostris var.) brewsterit Ridgw., Amer. nat., 1872, vol. 6, p. 483. “‘WatrHam, MASSACHUSETTS.” Status uncertain; probably a hybrid between Acanthis linaria and Spinus pinus. Mass.— Only known specimen taken at Waltham, Nov. 1, 1870. CARDUELIS CARDUELIS (Linné) Schaffer. European goldfinch. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat mus., 1901, pt. 1, p. 94. Egg, Seebohm, 1896, p. 241, pl. 56, fig. 17. AVES. 229 Fringilla carduelis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 180. “IN EUROPAE JUNIPERETIS.”’ Carduelis elegans Steph. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol. 3, pl. [166]. Open country, orchards, and deciduous woods; nests in trees. Mass.— Introduced in eastern part, but not well established; bred near Worcester, July 11, 1890. Conn.— Escape, or straggler from lots introduced in neighboring country: New Haven, May 9, 1892. RYNCHOPHANES MACOWNII (Lawrence). McCown’s longspur.— Doubt- fully recorded for Massachusetts on the basis of a market specimen said to have been taken at Ipswich, Jan. 7, 1877. CoTURNICULUS BAIRDII (Audubon). Baird’s sparrow.— The first known specimens of Passerculus princeps were recorded under this name. PEUCAEA AESTIVALIS BACHMANII (Audubon). Bachman’s finch.— Recorded from Berlin, Mass., in error for Ammodramus henslowit. PASSERINA CIRIS (Linné) Vieillot. Painted buniing; Nonpareil. Emberiza ciris Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1,p.179. ‘“‘Ammrica.” Spiza ciris (Wils.). Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 3, p. 93, pl. 169. Thickets and hedges; nests in bushes or low trees. Mz.— “Escape,” Portland, June 10, 1904. Mass.— Four instances; believed to be escaped cape birds. R. I.— Accidental visitor or escape: Scituate, summer, 1882. PAROARIA CUCULLATA (Latham). Crested cardinal A South American species, once taken at Newport, R. I., Sept., 1885, but doubtless an escaped cagebird. GUBERNATRIX CRISTATA (Vieillot).— A South American finch, of which a specimen supposed to be an escape, was taken at Providence, R. I., July 7, 1888. VIREO ATRICAPILLUS Woodhouse. Black-capped Vireo.— Very doubt- fully recorded from Lanesboro, Mass. HELINAIA SWAINSONII (Audubon). Swainson’s warbler— Erroneously accredited to Massachusetts by Audubon. HELMINTHOPHILA LAWRENCE! (Herrick) Ridgway. Lawrence’s warbler. Ridgway, Bull. 50, U. S. nat. mus., 1902, pt. 2, p. 452. 230 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. Helminthophaga lawrencit Herrick, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila., 1874, p. 220, pl. 15. “‘nrEar CHatHam, New JERSEY.” Probably a hybrid form between H. pinus and H. chrysoptera, which it resembles in habits. Mass.— One recorded as seen at Dedham, May 27, 1908. Conn.— Summer resident: Bridgeport, New Haven, Portland, Stam- ford. May 12—July. Eggs, June 14. HELMINTHOPHILA LEUCOBRONCHIALIS (Brewster) Ridgway. Brewster’s warbler; White-throated warbler. Helminthophaga leucobronchialis Brewst., Bull. Nuttall ornith. club, 1876, vol. 1, p.1, pl. 1. “‘NeEwronvituz, Mass.” Probably a hybrid form between H. pinus and H. chrysoptera, which it resembles in habits. Mass.— Rare summer resident in eastern part (Hudson, Lexington, Newtonville, Jamaica Plain). May 14-summer. Eggs, June 8-18. Conn.— Rare summer resident. May 6—-Aug. 8. Eggs, June 24. “MuscicaPA MINUTA”’ Wilson = WILSONIA MICROCEPHALA (Ridgway). Small-headed flycatcher. An hypothetical species, described by Wilson and accredited to Massachusetts by Nuttall, Brewer, and Peabody. PENTHESTES ATRICAPILLUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (Harris). Long-tailed chickadee. Erroneously recorded from Rhode Island; the specimen proves to be P. a. atricapillus. SYLVIA ATRICAPILLA (Linné) Scopoli. European blackcap warbler; .Blackcap. Dresser, Birds of Europe, 1871-81, vol 2, p. [421], pl. [66]. Egg, See- bohm, 1896, p. 201, pl. 52, fig. 17-19. Motacilla atricapilla Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 187. “IN EUROPA.” Groves and orchards; nests in bushes. Mass.— Unsuceessfully introduced at Cambridge prior to 1877. TuRDUS PILARIS Linné. Fieldfare— A European species, once taken near Stamford, Conn., Mar. 1888, but this probably an escaped cagebird. PLANESTICUS MERULA (Linné). Blackbird A male, probably an escape, spent the writer of 1908-09 near the Boston public garden. SAXICOLA OENANTHE LEUCORHOA (Gmelin). Greenland wheatear.— The supposed Maine records in reality refer to birds taken across the line ir New Brunswick. MAMMALIA. Didelphis virginiana Balaena glacialis /. Megaptera nodosa . Balaenoptera acuto-rostr ata. physalus musculus Physeter macrocephalus -. Hyperoodon ampullatum — . Mesoplodon bidens - Delphinapterus leucas Orcinus orca . -. Globicephala melas — _ Grampus griseus —. Phocaena phocaena — . Lagenorhynchus acutus— Delphinus delphis - Tursiops truncatus . Odocoileus virginianus borealis Paralces americanus Rangifer caribou Sciurus carolinensis leucotis hudsonicus loquax rufiventer neglectus Tamias striatus lysteri Arctomys monax 6 Sciuropterus sabrinus iaeratis volans Castor canadensis . Mus musculus norvegicus . rattus Peromyscus camadiangtis leucopus noveboracensis Neotoma pennsylvanica . Evotomys gapperi ochraceus Microtus pennsylvanicus . ahayanel breweri Me. NH: Vt. , Mass oF + + a — |) + a=| = +) + —| + —| + =| —| + —| + || 4 — | + == || + . | Conn. Microtus chrotorrhinus pinetorum scalopsoides Fiber zibethicus . . . . Synaptomys cooperi . . . favuus) a sphagnicola. . . Zranus bucisomis) ts Wau ieie) lee Napaeozapus insignis . Erethizon dorsatum . . : Lepus americanus vir ginianus floridanus transitionalis . Phoca groenlandica . . VAG ULUINA Oe cee ee eaen ee Cystophora cristata . . . Felis couguar iiyamxel canadensis) (i ievioiy espe TGULEUES Jers tsi che We eae ona es Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis Wallies) tullvrsiyy ey eine Canis occidentalis . . . Nutra canagdensisnn 41.05 wee tele Mey binispuitidatens ayenh ilies Gulo luscus . Putorius vison ane aia ea lutreocephalus GUCOMATENT 5 noveboracensis . occisor Mustela americana . pennanti : JETRO AON OOD Netay ee a Ursus americanus Comblolis Rina Sorex personatus fumeus INOWAL albibarbis Shep Blarina brevicauda talpoides he: aloga compacta Scalops aquaticus . Parascalops breweri + + + Vt. Mass. Condylura cristata Myotis lucifugus .. . . y subulatus . Lasionycteris noctivagans 5 - Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus Vespertilio fuscus Lasiurus borealis cinereus Me. Vt, Mass. +++ ++ Conn. lt MAMMALIA. MARSUPIALIA. POLY PROTODONTIA. DIDELPHIDAE. 1. Die vrnis virginiana Kerr, Northeastern opossum; Virginia opossum. Didelphis virginiana Kerr, Animal kingdom, 1792, p. 193. Ao \WSRGHESIUN, Gog Didelphis virginiana Kerr. Allen, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. hist., 1901, vol. 14, p. 160-165, pl. 23, fig. 4; pl. 25, fig. 3-4, Didelphis virginiana Kerr, Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 4-8, 4 pls. Open woodlands, austral zones. Mass.— Near Boston (introduced). R. I.— (Probably introduced.) CETE. MYSTACOCETI. BALAENIDAE. 2. BanaEna GLAciALis Bonnaterre. Black whale; Right whale; Nord-caper. Balena glacialis Bonn., Tabl. encycl. et méthod. d. trois régnes de la nat., cetologie, 1789, p. 3. “Les mers pu Norp, PRES DES COTES DE Norv&GE & D’ IsLANDE.” Balaena cisarctica Cope. Holder, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. hist., 1883, vol. 1, p. 99-137, pl. 10-13. Marine. Me. Mass.— Cape Cod; Nantucket. Ve, J. Conn.— Stonington. i) FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. CETE. MYSTACOCETI. BALAENIDAE. 3. Mercaprera noposa (Bonnaterre.) True. Humpback whale; Humpback. Balena nodosa Bonn., Tabl. encyel. et méthod. d. trois régnes de la nat., cetologie, 1789, p. 5. “ NouvELLE ANGLETERRE.” Megaptera boops (Fabricius). Van Beneden & Gervais, Osté- ogr. des Cétacés, 1880, p. 120-129, pls. x, x1, fig. 1-8. Megaptera versabilis Cope. Scammon, Marine mammals, 1874, p. 38-48, figs., pl. 7, fig. 1, pl. 8-9. Marine ; migratory. ME. NSE. Mass. 4, BaLaENOPTERA ACUTO-ROSTRATA Lacépéde. Little piked whale; Piked whale; Pike-headed whale. Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata Lac., Hist. nat. des Cétacées, (an 12) 1803-4, vol. 1, p. 197-207, pl. 8. “Atx ENVIRONS DE LA RADE DE CHERBOUR®.” Balaenoptera rostrata Fabricius, Sars, Videnskabs. selsk. for- handlinger, Christiania, 1878, p. 15, pl. 1. Balaenoptera rostrata Fabr. Carte & Macalister, Phil. trans. roy. soc. London, 1868, p. 201-261, pl. 4-7. Marine. Mass. 5, BaLAENOPTERA PHYSALUS (Linné.) True. Common finback whale; Finback. Balaena physalus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 75. “tr Oceano EvROPAEO.” Balaenoptera musculus Auct. Dwight, Mem. Boston soe. nat. hist., 1872, vol. 2, p. 203-230, figs., pl. 6-7. MAMMALIA. 3 CETE. MYSTACOCETI. BALAENIDAR. Marine, sometimes common off shore. Me. IN] EE Mass. to Conn. 6. BaLAaENOPTERA MuSCULUS (Linné.) True. Blue whale; Sulphur-bottom. Balaena musculus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 76. “IN MARI SCOTICO.” Balaenoptera sibbaldii Gray. Sars, Videnskabs. selsk. for- handlinger, Christiania, 1878, p. 18, pl. 3-4. Marine. Mr.— Off shore. Mass.— Off shore. ODONTOCETI. PHYSETERIDAE. 7. PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS Linné. Sperm whale; Cachalot. Physeter macrocephalus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 76. “in Oceano Europaxo.” Physeter macrocephalus Linné, Scammon, Marine mammals, 1874, p. 74-84, pl. 14-15. Physeter macrocephalus Linné. Flower, Trans. zool. soc. London, 1869, vol. 6, p. 309-372, pl. 55-61. Marine ; formerly common off shore. Mz.— Casco Bay. Mass.— Nantucket ; New Bedford. veel Conn.— Stonington. 4 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. CETE. ODONTOCETL PHYSETERIDAE. 8. HypEroopon AaMpULLAtTU™M (Forster.) Rhoads. Bottle-nose whale; Pug-head whale; Sperm- whale porpoise. Balaena ampullata Forster, Kalm’s Travels North Amer., 1770, vol. 1, p. 18 (ex Pennant, “NEar Matpon,” England). Hyperoodon rostratus Miller. Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 16, pl. 4. Hyperoodon rostratum (Chemnitz). Wesmael, Nouv. mém. acad. roy. Bruxelles, 1841, vol. 15, 13 pp., 2 pls. Pelagic. Mass.— North Dennis. R. I.— Tiverton Stone Bridge. Conn.— Stonington. 9. MeEsoplopoN BIDENS (Sowerby.) Flower. Sowerby’s whale; Two-toothed whale; Cowfish. Physeter bidens Sow., British miscellany, 1806, p.1. “Near Bropie-HousE, ELGiInsuire,” England. Meésoplodon bidens (Sow.). Flower, Trans. zool. soc. London, 1879, vol. 10, p. 415, £. Delphinorhynchus micropterus G. Cuvier. Dumortier, Nouv. mém. acad. roy. Bruxelles, 1839, vol. 12, 13 pp., 3 pls. Pelagic. Mass. — Annisquam; Nantucket. ~ DELPHINIDAE. 10. DertpHryapTervs Leucas ( Pallas.) Gerard. White whale; Whitefish. Delphinus leuwcas Pallas, Reise in Russischen Reichs, 1776, vol. 3, p. 85, pl. 4. “Is OpiscHEN MEERBUSEN,” West Siberia. MAMMALIA. 5 CETE. ODONTOCETI. ; DELPHINIDAE. Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas). True, Bull. 56, U. 8. nat. mus., 1889, p. 116-149, 187-188, pl. 46, fig. 1-2. Marine. Mez.— Black-point Harbor. N. H.— Neweastle Harbor. Mass.— Massachusetts Bay; Provincetown; Yarmouth. inva Norr.— The Narwhal (Monodon monoceras) is recorded by Harlan (Fauna Americana, 1825, p. 292) as having been taken ‘‘near Boston.” The specimen referred to was doubtless the one captured at Boston, Eng- land, in 1800. 11. Orcrnus orca (Linné.) Palmer. Killer whale; Orca; White bellied killer. Delphinus orca Linneé, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 77. “IN OcEANO EvRropaxo.” Orcinus orca (Linné). True, Proc. U.S. nat. mus., 1904, vol. 27, p. 227-2380, pl. 7-8. Marine. Mr.— Eastport. Mass.— Massachusetts Bay. 12. GLoBICEPHALA MELAS (Traill.) DeKay. Blackfish; Pilot whale; Caaing whale; Social whale. Delphinus melas Traill, Nicholson’s journal, 1809, vol. 22, p. 81, pl. 3. “Scapay Bay, 1n Pomona, ONE OF THE ORKNEYS.” Globicephalus melas (Traill). True, Bull. 36, U. 8. nat. mus., 1889, p. 183-137, 183-184, pl. 40. Marine; gregarious. ME. Mass.— Massachusetts Bay; Salem Harbor. Jas. JE Conn.— Fairfield Beach ; Bridgeport. 6 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. CETE. ODONTOCETI. DELPHINIDAH. 13. GRampus GRISEUS (Cuvier.) Gray. Grampus; Gray grampus ; Cowfish. Delphinus griseus Cuyv., Ann. mus. @ hist. nat., Paris, 1812, VOLO. p14 pl. 1) fig. > Bers? Brance: Grampus griseus (Cuy.). True, Bull. 36, U. S. nat. mus., 1889, p. 125-133, 182-183, pl. 39. Marine. Mass.— Cape Cod. 14. PuHocarna pHocaENA (Linné.) Jordan. Common harbor porpoise; Puffing-pig; Snuffer ; Porpoise. Delphinus phocoena Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 77. “tw Ocrano Evropako, & BaLtTuico.” Phocaena communis Lesson. True, Bull. 36, U. 8. nat. mus., 1889, p. 119-122, 179-180, pl. 35. Marine and estuarine ; social. Mr. N. H. Mass. to Conn. 15. LacGrNnoruyNncuus acutus (Gray.) Gray. Striped dolphin; Eschricht’s dolphin; Skunk por- poise. Delphinus acutus Gray, Spicil. zool., 1828, p. 2. Lagenorhynchus acutus Gray. True, Bull. 36, U.S. nat. mus., 1889, p. 85-87, 169, pl. 23. Marine. Mass.— Cape Cod. MAMMALIA. /( CETE. ODONTOCETI. DELPHINIDAE. 16. DeELrxinus DELPHIS Linné. Common dolphin; Ring-eyed porpoise; Sea por- poise. Delphinus delphis Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 77. “tN Ocrano Evropazo.” Delphinus delphis Linné. True, Bull. 36, U. S. nat. mus., 1889, p. 45-57, 160-161, pl. 11. Delphinus delphis Linné. Flower, Trans. zool. soc. London, Ole TALS ore, gos Tas oll Ls safes, all Pelagic. Mass. R. I.— Block Id. Conn.— Long Id. Sound. 17. Turstops truncatus (Montagu.) True. Bottle-nose porpoise; Porpoise. Delphinus truncatus Mont., Mem. Wernerian soc., 1821, vol. 3, p: (9, pl. 3. “AsourT FIVE MILES UP THE RIVER DARn;? England. Tursiops tursio (Fabricius). True, Bull. 56, U.S. nat. mus., 1889, p. 82-39, 158-159, pl. 8. Delphinus tursio Fabr. Flower, Trans. zool. soc. London, vol. INEM pt. Ie ps to; pl. 1, fig. 2: Marjne; migratory, in schools. Mr. Mass. inv UNGULATA. ARTIODACTYLA. CERVIDAE. 18. OpocoILEUS VIRGINIANUS BOREALIS (Miller.) G. M. Allen. Northern Virginia deer. 8 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. UNGULATA. ARTIODACTYLA. CERVIDAE. Odocoileus americanus borealis Miller, Bull. 88, N. Y. state mus., 1900, vol. 8, p. 88. ‘ Bucksport, Marne.” Odocoileus virginianus (Boddaert). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 84-39, 3 pls. Woodlands and forests of Transition and Canadian zones. ME. to Conn. 19. PaRaLcEs AMERICANUS (Clinton.) Allen. Moose. Cervus americanus Clinton, Letters on nat. hist. and int. resources of N. Y., 1822, p. 1938. “Counrry NORTH OF Wuitestown,’ N. Y. Alces americanus Jardine. Elhot, Field Columb. mus., zool. Se LOOM vols 25 p38. ply lz Alces americanus Jardine. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 48-47, 2 pls. Forests of Canadian zone. Mr.— Northern counties. N. H.— Coos County. Vr.— Formerly in northern counties. 20. RaANGIFER CaRTBOoU (Gmelin.) Audubon and Bachman. Woodland caribou. Cervus tarandus caribou Gmel., Syst. nat., 1788, vol. 1, p. 177. “In aLtprpus AMERICAE,....” Rangifer caribou (Gmel.). Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 35-36, pl. 13. Rangifer caribou (Gmel.). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 47-61, 1 pl. Forests and barrens of Hudsonian zone. Mr.— South to Grafton. N. H.— Connecticut Lakes. Vr.— Formerly in northern portion. MAMMALIA. 9 GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. SCIURIDAE. 21. ScruRUS CAROLINENSIS LEUCOTIS (Gapper.) Allen. Northern gray squirrel. Sciurus leucotis Gapper, Zool. journ., 1850, vol. 5, p. 206, pl. 11. “Brerween York AND LAKE Srmcoz,” Ontario. Sciurus carolinensis leucotis (Gapper). Bangs, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1896, vol. 10, p. 155-156, pl. 9, fig. 1. Deciduous woodlands and groves of Transition and lower Can- adian zones. Ms.— Southern counties. N. H.— To the White Mountains, 1,500 ft. Vr. to Conn. 22. Scrurus Hupsonicus (Erxleben.) Allen. Northern red squirrel; Northern chickaree. Sciurus vulgaris «. hudsonicus Erxl., Syst. regni anim., 1777, p. 416. “Ap rretum Hupsonis.” Sciurus hudsonicus (Erxl.). Allen, Bull. Amer. mus, nat. hist., 1898, vol. 10, p. 255-257. Sciurus hudsonicus hudsonicus (Erxl.). Bangs, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1896, vol. 10, p. 159-160, pl. 10, fig. 2. Evergreen forests of upper Canadian and Hudsonian zones. Mr.— Northern counties. N. H.— Northern counties; not typical = “S. h. gymmnicus.” Vr.— Northern counties; not typical = “S. h. gymnicus.” 23. ScruRUS HUDSONICUS LOQuAXx Bangs. Southern red squirrel; Southern chickaree. Sciurus hudsonicus loguax Bangs, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1896, vol. 10, p. 161-162, pl. 10; fig. 1. “Lisnmrry Hinn, Conn.” Sciurus hudsonicus gymnicus Bangs. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 172-178, 2 pls. 10 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND.. GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. SCIURIDAE. Coniferous and mixed woods of transition and upper austral zones. | Mer.— Southern counties, not typical. N. H.—Southern counties. V r.— Southern counties. Mass. to Conn. 24, ScCIURUS RUFIVENTER NEGLECTUS (Gray.) Allen. Northern fox squirrel. Macroxus neglectus Gray, Ann. mag. nat. hist., ser. 3, 1867, vol. 20, p. 425. “Norra America?” Sciurus ludovicianus vicinus Bangs, Proc. biol. soc. Washing- ton, 1896, vol. 10, p. 150-153, pl. 8, fig. 3. Sciurus cinereus Linné, Audubon & Bachman, Quadrupeds of North Amer., 1846, vol. 1, p. 145-150, pl. 17. Deciduous forests of upper austral zone. Mass.— Southern Connecticut valley ; Saugus. Conn.— Northford (Linsley). Nore.— “ N. H.”’— Two in Peabody acad. sci., Salem. 25, TAMIAS srRiaTus LysTert ( Richardson.) Merriam. Lyster’s chipmunk; Ground squirrel; Striped squirrel; Chipmunk. Sciurus (Tamias) lysteri Rich., Fauna Boreali-Americana, 1829, vol. 1, p. 181, pl. 15. “ PenrTaNGUISHENE,” ONTARIO. Tamias striatus lysteri (Rich.). Merriam, Amer. naturalist, 1886, vol. 20, p. 242. Sciurus striatus Linné. DeKay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 62-64, pl. 16, fig. 1. Open woodlands and among rocks. Lives in burrows. Me. to Conn. MAMMALIA, et GLIRES SIMPLICIDENTATA. SCIURIDAE. 26. ARcToMys mMoNnAXx (Linné.) Gmelin. Woodchuck; Ground hog. Mus monae Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 60. “1N AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Arctomys monax (Linné). Baird, Pacific Railway rept., 1857, vol. 8, p. 339-345, pl. 49, fig. la—le. Arctomys monax (Linné). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 151-159, 2 pls. Fields and open woodlands. Me. to Conn. 27. ScIuROPTERUS SABRINUS mMACcROTIS Mearns. Canadian flying squirrel. Sciuropterus subrinus macrotis Mearns, Proc. U.S. nat. mus., 1898, vol. 21, p. 3538-354, figs. 1, 2b, 3b. “Hunter mounrTaAIn (CATSKILLS), GREENE COUNTY, NEW York.” Forests of Canadian zone; nocturnal. ME. to VT. Mass.— Hudson; Lynn; Middleboro’. 28. SciuROPTERUS voLANs (Linné.) Jordan. Southern flying squirrel. 2] Mus volans Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 63. “iN Wa INTIAG Sas? Sciuropterus volans volans (Linné). Bangs, Proc. biol. soe. Washington, 1896, vol. 10, p. 164-166, fig. 50-31, pl. 10, fig. 5. Sciuropterus volans (Linné). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 176-177, 1 pl. 12 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. SCIURIDAE. Open woodlands of Transition zone; nocturnal. Mer.— Eastport; Norway; Calais; Waterville. N. H.— Hancock; Webster; Milan. Vr.— Lowlands. Mass. to Conn. CASTORIDAE. 29. CasTOR CANADENSIS Kuhl. American beaver; Beaver. Castor canadensis Kuhl, Beitriige z. zool., 1820, p. 64. “Ap FRETUM Hupson1.” Castor canadensis Kuhl. Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 116, fig. 27. Castor canadensis Kuhl. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 145-150, 2 pls. Streams and lakes in forests. Mr.— Northern counties. N. H.— Northern Coos County. Vr. to Conn.— Extirpated. MURIDAE. 30. Mus muscutus Linné. House mouse. Mus musculus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 62. “IN DOMIBUS” of Sweden. Mus musculus Linné. Baird, Pacific Railway rept., 1857, vol. 8, p. 445-444. Mus musculus Linné. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 138-142, fig. on pl. facing p. 142. In buildings, sometimes in fields. Introduced. Me. to Conn. MAMMALIA. N33 GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. MURIDAE. 31. Mus norveaicus Erxleben. Norway rat; Brown rat; Wharf rat. Mus norvegicus Erxl., Syst. regni anim., 1777, p. 381. “in omNiI Europa.” Mus decumanus Pallas. DelKay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842 pt. 1, p. 79-80. Mus norvegicus Erxl, Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 142-144, fig. on pl. facing p. 142. Barns and neighborhood of wharves, beaches, and freight yards. Introduced. | Mz. to Conn. 32. Mus ratrrus Linné. Black rat. Mus rattus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 61. “in DOMIBUS EUROPAE.” Mus rattus Linné. Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, OIL, PA, 0s LUNAS athe Arch Mus rattus Linné. Audubon & Bachman, Quadrupeds of North Amer., 1846, vol. 1, p. 189-194, pl. 28. About houses and barns in the country. Introduced. Mz. to Conn. 33. PrRomMyscUS CANADENSIS (Miller.) Bangs. Canadian white-footed mouse. Sitomys americanus canadensis Miller, Proc. biol. soc. Wash- ington, 1893, vol. 8, p. 55-67. “ PETERBORO, Mapison County, Ne? Cool, damp woods of Canadian zone. Mz. to Vr. Mass.— Mt. Graylock. 14 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. MURIDAE. 34, PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS NOVEBORACENSIS (Fischer.) Miller. Eastern white-footed mouse; New York deer-. mouse; Deermouse; Woodmouse. Mus sylvaticus noveboracensis Fisch., Synopsis mammalium, 1829, p. 8318-319. “In Novo Exoraco.” Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis (Fisch.). Mearns, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1901, vol. 14, p. 154. Peromyscus americanus noveboracensis (Fisch.). Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser, 1901, vol. 2, p. 125 (fig. 30 of “Pe americanus”). Woodlands ot transition zone. Mer.— Southern counties. N. H.— Below 3000 feet. VT. to Conn. 35, NEOTOMA PENNSYLVANICA Stone. Alleghany wood rat; Cave rat. Neotoma pennsylvanica Stone, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Philadel- phia, 1893, p.16. “Sourma Mountain, CuMBERLAND CovunrTy, PENNA.” Neotoma pennsylvanica Stone. Rhoads, Mammals of Penna. & N. J., 1903, p. 85-92, pl. 4. In stony places and in caves; upper austral zone. ? Mass.— (Gibbs. ) Conn.— Liberty Hill; ? Bridgeport (Linsley). 36. EvoroMys GAPPERI OCHRACEUS Miller. Eastern red-backed mouse; Wood vole. Evotomys gappert ochraceus Miller, Proc. Boston soc. nat.. hist., 1894, vol. 26, p. 193-196, pl. 3, fig. 1. “Mount WasuH- ineGTon, N. H.,.... ALPINE GARDEN.” MAMMALIA. 15 GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. MURIDAE. Evotomys gappert ochraceus Miller. Bailey, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1897, vol. 11, pp. 117, 124. Cool, damp woods of Canadian zone. Me. to Vr.— Abundant. Mass.— Highlands and boreal swamps. hk. I.— Boreal swamps. Conn.— Liberty Hill. 37. MicroTus PENNSYLVANICcUS (Ord.) Rhoads. Meadow mouse; Meadow vole; Field mouse. Mus pennsylvanica Ord, Guthrie’s geography, 2d Amer. ed., 1815, vol. 2, p. 292 (ex Wilson, Amer. ornith., 1812, vol. 6, p. 09, pl. 50, fig. 3. “ Pumapetpata,” Penna.) Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord). Bailey, North Amer. fauna, 1900, no. 17, p. 16-18, fig. 1, pl. 1, pl. 2, fig. 15 pl. 3, fig. 1. Grassy fields and marshes; to a less extent in the woods. ME. to Conn. 38. MicroTuUs PENNSYLVANICUS SHATTUCKI Howe. Shattuck meadow mouse. Microtus pennsilvanicus |sic] shattuchi Howe, Proc. Portland “sec. nat. hist., 1901, vol. 2, p. 201-202, pl. 5. “Tumpite Down Dick Istanp, NEAR Lone Istanp, PENosscot Bay, Matne.” Islands of Penobscot Bay, Me. Mz.— Tumble Down Dick Island; Long Island. 39. Microtus BREWER! (Baird.) Miller. Brewer’s meadow mouse; Beach mouse: Gray mouse. Arvicola breweri Baird, Pacific Railway rept., 1857, vol. 8, p. 525-526. “Istanp oF MUSKEEGET, ON THE EASTERN COAST oF MaAsSACHUSETTS.” 16 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. MURIDAE. Microtus breweri (Baird). Miller, Proc. Boston soc. nat. hist., 1896, vol. 27, p. 83-87, pl. 1, figs. 1, 1a. Insular. Mass.— Muskeeget Island. 40. Microrus cnrororrsits (Miller.) Bangs. Rock vole: Rufous nosed meadow mouse. Arvicola chrotorrhinus Miller, Proc. Boston soc. nat. hist., 1894, vol. 26, p. 190, pl. 3, fig. 3-4; pl. 4 figs. 2a, 2b. “Mount W asuineton, N. H.,.... aBout 5,300 Fr.” Microtus chrotorrhinus (Miller). Bailey, North Amer. fauna, 1900, no. 17, p. 58, pl. 4, fig. 5; pl. 5, fig. 5. Cool wet woods among rocks; Canadian and Hudsonian zones. N. H.— Mt. Washington, 5,300 fit.; Mt. Adams, ‘4,400 ft.; Carter Notch, 3,360 ft.; Profile Lake, 2,000 it. 4j. Muicrorus PINETORUM scALOPSOIDES (Audubon & Bach- man.) Batchelder. Northern pine mouse; Mole mouse. Arvicola scalopsoides Aud. & Bach., Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phila- delphia, 1841, vol. 1, p.97. “Lone Istanp, .... New YorK.” Microtus pinetorum scalopsoides (Aud. & Bach.). Bailey, North Amer. fauna, 1900, no. 17, p. 64. Microtus pinetorum scalopsoides (Aud. & Bach.). Rhoads, Mammals of Penna. & N. J., 1903, p. 101-104, fig. on pl. 5. Dry, sandy fields and woods; upper austral zone. Mass.— Springfield. cad Coxn.— East Hartiord. MAMMALIA. 176 GLIRKES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. MURIDAE. 42. FrBER ZIBETHICUS (Linné.) Cuvier. Muskrat; Musquash. Castor zibethicus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 12, 1766, vol. 1, p. 79. ““CaNaDa.” Fiber zibethicus (Linné). Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 212-213, fig. 49. Fiber zibethicus Linné. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 121-126, 1 pl. Along streams and lakes, and in marshes. Me. to Conn. 43. Synapromys cooper Baird. Cooper's lemming mouse; Bog lemming. Synaptomys coopert Baird, Pacific Railway rept., 1857, vol. 8, p. 508. “ PRoBABLY FROM THE NEw ENGLAND STATES, OR NEW York.” Synaptomys coopert Baird. Merriam, Proc. biol. soc. Wash- ington, 1896, vol. 10, p. 58, fig. 2. Synaptomys coopert Baird. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 107-108, fig. 6 on pl. facing p. 110. Sphagnum bogs and swampy woods. Mu.— Mt. Katahdin. Mass.— Plymouth; Wareham. 44, Synapromys Faruus Bangs. Northern lemming mouse. Synaptomys fatwus Bangs, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1896, vol. 10, p. 47-48. “Lake Epwarp, QUEBEC.” Sphagnum bogs and damp forests of Hudsonian zone, Mer.— Eagle Lake, Aroostook County ; Mt. Katahdin (inter- mediate ?). N. H.— Mt. Moosilauke (4,800 ft.). 18 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA. MURIDAE. 45. SyYNAPTOMYS SPHAGNICOLA Preble. White Mountain lemming mouse. ~ Synaptomys (Mictomys) sphagnicola Preble, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1899, vol. 13, p. 45-45, fig. 3a. “Fasyans, NEw HamMpsHIRe.” Sphagnum bogs, and damp forests of Hudsonian zone. Me.— Mt. Katahdin (4,500 it.). N. H.— Fabyans. ZAPODIDAE. 46. Zapus Hupsonivs (Zimmermann.) Coues. Hudson Bay jumping mouse. Dipus hudsonius Zimm., Geographische geschichte, 1780, vol. 2, p. 358. “ HupsonspBay.” Zapus hudsonius (Zimm.). Preble, North Amer. fauna, 1899, no. 15, p. 15-17, fig. 1, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a. Zapus hudsonius (Zimm.). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 102-104, 1 fig. on pl. facing p. 102. Grassy meadows and swamps. Me. to Conn. 47. Naparozapus insignis (Miller.) Miller. Woodland jumping mouse. Zapus insignis Miller, Amer. naturalist, 1891, vol. 25, p. 742. “ ResticoucnHe, N. B.” Zapus (Napacozapus) insignis Miller. Preble, North Amer. fauna, 1899, no. 15, p. 33-35, fig. 2, pl. 1, figs. 1, 1a. Zapus insignis Miller. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p- 104-105, fig. 4 on pl. facing p. 110. By cool streams in damp woods of Canadian zone. ME. to VT. Mass.— Mt. Graylock. MAMMALIA. 19 GLIRES. SIMPLICIDENTATA, : ERETHIZONTIDAE. 48. ERETHIZON DoRSATUM (Linné.) F. Cuvier. Canada porcupine; Hedgehog; Quill-pig. Hystrix dorsata Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 57. “tw CaNapa.” Erethizon dorsatus (Linné). Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 264-265, pl. 24. Erethizon dorsatus (Linné). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 94-96, 2 pls. Mixed and coniferous woods, among rocks. Me. to Mass. DUPLICIDENTATA. LEPORIDAE. 49, Lepus AMERICANUS VIRGINIANUS (Harlan.) Allen. Eastern varying hare; White rabbit. Lepus virginianus Harlan, Fauna Americana, 1825, p. 196— 198. “Buiue Mounrains,..... PENNSYLVANIA.” Lepus americanus virginianus (Harlan). Bangs, Proce. biol. soc. Washington, 1898, vol. 12, p. 79-81. Lepus americanus virginianus (Harlan). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 78-86, 1 pl. Cool, damp woods of Canadian zone. Mz. to Vr. Mass.— Locally in eastern part. R. I.— Local. Conn.— Local. 50. LEPUS FLORIDANUS TRANSITIONALIS (Bangs.) Allen. Northern cottontail; Gray rabbit; Coney. Lepus sylvaticus transitionalis Bangs, Proc. Boston soc. nat. hist., 1895, vol. 26, p. 405. “Liserry Hiri, Conn.” 20 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. GLIRES. DUPLICIDENTATA. . LEPORIDAE, Lepus nanus Schreber. DeKay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 938-95, pl. 27, fig. 1. In bushy places ; transition zone. N. H.— North to Webster. Vr.— Windsor; Connecticut valley. Mass.— Lower portions. Re IL Conn. FERAE. PINNIPEDIA. PHOCIDAE. 51. PuHoca GROENLANDICA Erxleben. Harp seal; Saddle-back. Phoca groenlandica Erxl., Syst. regni anim., 1777, p. 588. “TIN GROENLANDIA ET NEWFOUNDLAND.” Phoca groenlundica Fabricius. Allen, History of North Amer. Pinnipeds, 1880, p. 630-654, fig. 50. Phoca groenlandica Fabricius. Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 364-365, pl. 49, (1 fig.). Marine; straggler from the north. Mass.— Nahant. Conn.— Stonington (?). 52. PuHoca virutrma Linné. Harbor seal; Sea-dog. Phoca vitulina Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 38. “IN MARI EUROPAEO.” Phoca vitulina Linné. Allen, History of North Amer. Pinni- peds, 1880, p. 559-597, fig. 45-48. _ Phoca vitulina (Linné). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 215-217, fig. on pl. facing p. 216. MAMMALIA. Zit FERAE. PINNIPEDIA. PHOCIDAE. Marine and estuarine; breeds on rocks off shore. Mr. INCE: Vr.— Lake Champlain. Mass. to Conn. 53. CysTopHora crisTATA (Erxleben.) Nilsson. Hooded seal; Crested seal. Phoca cristata Erxleben, Syst. regni anim., 1777, p. 590. “1 GROENLANDIA AUSTRALIORI ET NEWFOUNDLAND.” Cystophora cristata (Erxleben). Allen, History of North Amer. Pinnipeds, 1880, p. 724-742, fig. 52-56. Marine ; a straggler from the north. Me. Mass.— Newburyport; Massachusetts coast. R. I.— Providence River, below Providence. FISSIPEDIA. FELIDAN. 54. Frnis coueuar Kerr. Adirondack cougar; Puma; Panther. Felis couguar Kerr, Animal kingdom, 1792, p. 151.“ Moun- TAINS OF PENSYLVANIA, VIRGINIA, CAROLINA, AND GEORGIA.” Felis couguar Kerr. Merriam, Proc. Washington acad. sci., IVIL, vol, Bo) SEP Felis concolor Linné. DeKay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 47-49, pl. 9. Forests and mountains; now almost extirpated. Mr. N. H.— White Mountains (about 1885). Ze FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. FERAE. ' FISSIPEDIA. FELIDAE. Vr.— Green Mountains (1894); Barnard (1881); Weathers- field (1867); Bennington (1850). - Mass.— Extirpated. R. I.— Extirpated. 59. Lynx CANADENSIS ( Kerr.) Rafinesque. Canada lynx; Lucivee. Felis lynx canadensis Werr, Anim. kingdom, 1792, p. 157. “CANADA.” Felis canadensis Desmarest. Elliot, Monograph of the Feli- dae, 1880, pt. 6, 2 pp. text, 1 pl. Lynx canadensis Kerr, Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 286-288, 1 pl. Evergreen forests of the north. Me. N. H.— Rare. Vir.— Rare. Mass.— Practically extirpated. Ware (1866). 56. Lynx rurrus (Giildenstidt.) Rafinesque. Bay lynx; Bobcat; Wildcat. Felis ruffa Giild., Nov. comm. acad. scient. imp. Petrop., 1776, vol. 20, p. 484. (Ex Pennant, “INNER PARTS OF THE PROVINCE oF NEw-york.”) Lynx ruffus (Gild.). Bangs, Proc. biol. soc. Washington, 1897, vol. 11, pl. 2, fig. 3. Lyncus rufus (Temminck.) De Kay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 51-53, pl. 10, fig. 1. Deep woods; dens among rocks. Mz. to R.I. Conn.— East Hartford. MAMMALIA. 23 FERAE. FISSIPEDIA. CANIDAE. 57. URocyon CINEREOARGENTEUS BOREALIS Merriam. Northern gray fox. Urecyon cinereourgenteus borealis Merriam, Proc. biol. soe. Washington, 1903, vol. 16, p. 74. “Martporo, 7 MILES FROM Monapnock, NEw HampsuHIReE.” Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 275-877, 1 pl. (southern form). Open woodlands of upper austral zone. N. H.— Marlboro. Mass.— Leominster. Conn. 58. VuLpes FuLvus (Desmarest.) De Kay. Red fox; Cross fox; Black fox. Canis fulvus Desm., Mammalogie, 1820, vol. 1, p. 203. “T/ETAT DE VIRGINIE.” : Vulpes pennsylvanica (Boddaert). Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 504, pl. 30. Vulpes fulvus (Desm.). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p- 264-272, 2 pls. Woodlands; in burrows. Me. to Conn. 59. CANIS occIDENTALIS (Richardson.) Baird. Gray wolf; Timber wolf. Canis lupus occidentalis Rich., Fauna Boreali-Amer., 1829, vol. 1, p. 60. “NorrHern pistricts” of North America. Lupus occidentalis (Rich.). De Kay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 42-43, pl. 27, fig. 2. Forests. Mer.— Practically extirpated. N. H.— White Mountains (about 1887). 24 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. FERAE. FISSIPEDIA. CANIDAE. Vr.— Extirpated in past century. Mass.— Extirpated in past century. Conn.— Extirpated. Bridgeport (1840) ; Newcomen (1882). MUSTELIDAE. 60. Lurra cANADENSIS (Schreber.) Sabine. Otter. Mustela lutra canadensis Schr., Siugthiere, 1776, pl. 126 B. “ NORDAMERICA.” Lutra hudsonica Lacépéde. Rhoads, Trans. Amer. philos. soc., n. s.. 1898, vol. 19, p. 424-427, pl. 24, fig. 1-2. Lutra canadensis Schr. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 219-223, 1 pl. Streams and lakes, and along the seashore. Mr. to Conn. 61. Mepniris puripa (G. Cuvier.) Allen. Eastern skunk. Mustela putida G. Cuv., Tabl. élém. de V hist. nat. des anim., 1798, p. 116. “Der Lv’ AmfRiQuE SEPTENTRIONALE.” Chincha putida (Boitard). Howell, North Amer. fauna, 1901, no. 20, p. 25-27, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 5, fig. 3-4. Mephitis putida (Cuvier). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 224-229, 1 pl. Open woodlands and rural districts. Mg. to Conn. 62. GuLo Luscus (Linné.) Sabine. Wolverine; Indian devil. Ursus luscus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10,1758, vol. 1, p.47. ‘“ ap sinuM Hupsonis.” MAMMALIA. 25 FERAE. FISSIPEDIA. MUSTELIDAE. Gulo luscus (Linné). Baird, Pacific Railway rept., vol. 8, 1857, p. 181-183. Gulo luscus Linné. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 245-247, 1 pl. Heavy forests; probably extirpated in New England. Mr.— Norway (about 1865). N. H. to Mass.— Extirpated. 63. Purorius vison (Schreber.) Gapper. Mink; Little black mink. Mustela vison Schr., Siiugthiere, 1778, vol. 3, p. 463, pl. 127 B. Vise COARTAIDNG 6b ee” Putorius vison (Schr.). Bangs, Proc. Boston soc. nat. hist., 1896, vol. 27, p. 3-4, pl. 2, fig. 1. Putorius vison (Schr.). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 231-235, 1 fig. on pl. facing p. 234. Along streams. Me. to Mass. 64. Purorius vison LUTREOCEPHALUS (Harlan.) Bangs. Large brown mink. Mustela lutreocephala Harlan, Fauna Americana, 1825, p. 63. “MARYLAND.” Putorius vison lutreocephalus (Harlan). Bangs, Proe. Boston soe, nat. hist., 1896, vol. 27, p: 4, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl: 2, fig. 2. On the seaboard, and rocky islands off shore. Mer.— Flatt Island, off Jonesport. Mass. to Conn.— Along the coast. 65. Purorrus cicoananu (Bonaparte.) Richardson. Little brown weasel. ING FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. FERAE. FISSIPEDIA. MUSTELIDAE. Mustela cicognanii Bon., Iconogr. fauna Ital., 1838, vol. 1, fasc. 22, p.4. “ AMERICA SETTENTRIONALE.” Putorius cicognani Bon. Merriam, North Amer. fauna, 1896, no. 11, p. 10-11, fig. 2-8, pl. 2, figs. 3, 3a, 4, 4a. Boreal forests; sometimes in open rocky places. Mr. to Conn. 66. PuTrorIus NOVEBORACENSIS Kmmons. New York weasel; Large brown weasel. Putorius noveboracensis Delay (nom. nud.) Emmons, Re- port quadrupeds Mass., 1840, p. 45. ‘“ MrippLr anp NoRTHERN STATES.” Putorius noveboracensis Delay. Merriam, North Amer. fauna, 1896, no. 11, p. 16-18, fig. 4-6, pl. 4, figs. 1, la, 2, 2a; pl. 5, figs. 5, 3a. Putorius noveboracensis (Emmons). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 235-239, 1 fig. on pl. facing p. 234. In woods; sometimes near houses. Mer.— Southern half. Upton. N. H.— White Mountains, southward. Vr. to Conn. 67. Purorius occisor Bangs. Long-tailed weasel. Putorius occisor Bangs, Proc. New England zodl. club, 1899, vol. 1, p. 54. “ Bucksport, Maine.” Forests; northern New England. Mzx.— Bucksport; Moosehead Lake. 68. MusreLa americana Turton. Pine marten; Sable. MAMMALIA. DAT FERAE. y FISSIPEDIA. MUSTELIDAE. Mustela americanus Turt., Linnaeus System of nature, 1806, vol. 1, p. 60. “Norra America.” Mustela americana Turt. Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 8334-335, fig. 66. Mustela americana Turt. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 242-245, 1 pl. Evergreen and beech forests; now confined to northern New England. Mr. N. H.— White Mountains, northward. Vir: Mass.— Formerly in Berkshire County. 69. MusreELA PENNANT! Erxleben. Pennant’s marten; Fisher; Black cat. Mustela pennanti Erx., Syst. regni anim., 1777, vol. 1, p. 470. <©T~ AMERICA BOREALI.” Mustela canadensis Gmelin. DeKay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 31-32, pl. 13, fig. 1. Mustela cunadensis Schreber. Audubon & Bachman, Quad- rupeds North Amer., 1846, vol. 1, p. 807-815, pl. 41. Forests of northern New England. Me. N. H.— White Mountains, northward. Ware Mass.— Formerly in Berkshire County (1830). PROCYONIDAE. 70. Procyon Loror (Linné.) Storr. Raccoon; Coon. 28 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. FERAE. FISSIPEDIA. PROCYONIDAE. Ursus lotor Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 48. “IN AMERICAE MARITIMIS.” Procyon lotor (Linné). Elliot, Field Columb, mus., zool. ser... WO. OL Ay Os ella, sale, (Ory Procyon lotor (Linné). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902,. p. 247-254, 1 pl. Deciduous and mixed woods; in hollow trees. Me. to Conn. URSIDAE. 71. Ursus AMERICANUS Pallas. Black bear. Ursus americanus Pallas, Spicilegia zoologica, 1780, fase. 14, p.9. “AmERICAM.” Ursus americanus Pallas. Elliot, Field Columb. mus., zool. ser., 1901, vol. 2, p. 313-814, pl. 54. Ursus americanus Pallas. Audubon & Bachman, Quadrupeds of North Amer., 1854, vol. 3, p. 187-197, pls. 141, 127. Dense and secluded forests of northern New England. Mr. N. H.— White Mountains, northward. Vr.— Northern counties. Mass.— Practically extirpated. Worthington (1885); Savoy (1885) ; North Adams (1885) ; Agawaum (1886). Conn.— Extirpated (Linsley ). INSECTIVORA. INSECTIVORA VERA. SORICIDAE. 72. Sorex personatus I. Geoffroy. Common long-tailed shrew; Masked shrew. MAMMALIA. 29 INSECTIVORA. INSECTIVORA VERA. SORICIDAE. Sorex personatus I. Geoffroy, Mém. mus. d’hist. nat., Paris, 1827, vol. 15, p. 122. “Les Erars-Unis.” Sorex personatus 1. Geoffroy. Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1895, no. 10, p. 53-56, pl. 4, figs. 1, 5-8; pl. 6, fig. 7-8. Sorex personatus Geoffroy. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 184-186, fig. 8 on pl. facing p. 110. Cool, damp woods and swamps. Mr. to Vr. Mass.— Locally in cedar swamps and cool bogs. North Truro; Nantucket. R. I.— Loeal. Conn.— Local. =o ( 3. Sorex FumMeErs Miller. Smoky shrew. Sorex fumeus Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1895, no. 10, p. 50-52, pl. 5, fig. 5; pl. 6, figs. 5, 5a. “PrrERBoro, N. Y.” Cool woodlands among mossy rocks and logs. N. H.— White Mountains. 74. Sorex Hoyr Baird. Least shrew; Hoy’s shrew. Sorex hoyi Baird, Pacific railway rept., 1857, vol. 8, p. 82— 33, figs. on pl. 28; Sorex thompsoni Baird, ibid., p. 34-35, fi on pl. 27. “Ractnze, Wisconsin.” Sorex hoyi Baird. Merriam, North Amer. fauna, 1895, no. 10, p. 89-90, pl. 9, fig. 5-5e; pl. 12, fig. 4-5. Dry clearings under logs; a high northern species. Mz. — Norway; Waterville. Vr. — Burlington (= “ 8. thompsoni”). 30 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. INSECTIVORA. INSECTIVORA VERA. SORICIDAE. 75. SOREX ALBIBARBIS (Cope.) Merriam. Water shrew; White lipped shrew. Neosorex albibarbis Cope, Proc. acad. nat. sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 188. “ProFiLe Lake, 1n THE FRaNcontia Mountains, New HanmpsuHire.” Sorex albibarbis (Cope). Miller, North Amer, fauna, 1895, no. 10, p. 46-47, pl. 5, fig. 2; pl. 6, fig. 2. Sorex palustris albibarbis (Cope). Rhoads, Mammals Penn. & N. J., 1903, p. 191-192, fig. on pl. 7. By cold forest streams and edges of lakes, in Canadian zone. Mer.— Mt. Katahdin; Lincoln. N. H.— White Mountains: Profile Lake; Bartlett. Mass. — Warwick. 76. BuarinA BREVICAUDA TALPOIDES (Gapper.) Bangs. Large blarina; Eastern short-tailed shrew; Eastern. mole shrew. Sorex talpoides Gapper, Zool. journal, 1830, vol. 5, p. 202, pl. 8. “BETWEEN YorK aND LAKE Simcoe,” Ontario. : Blarina brevicauda (Say). Merriam, North Amer. fauna, 1895, no. 10, p. 10-13, pl. 1, fig. 2-4; pl. 2, fig. 1-4. Blarina brevicauda (Say). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 180-185, fig. 7 on pl. facing p. 110. In woods and fields everywhere. Mgr. to Conn. 77. BuariNa BREVICAUDA ALOGA Bangs. Martha’s Vineyard blarina. Blarina brevicauda aloga Bangs, Proc. New England zodl. club, 1902, vol. 3, p. 76-77. “Wausr Tissury, Martua’s VINE- yARD, MAssAcHUSETTS.” MAMMALIA. a INSECTIVORA. INSECTIVORA VERA. SORICIDAE. Insular. Mass. — Martha’s Vineyard. 78. BLARINA BREVICAUDA COMPACTA Bangs. Nantucket blarina. Blarina brevicauda compacta Bangs, Proc. New England zodl. club, 1902, vol. 8, p. 77-78. “NantruckET, Massacuuserts.” Insular. Mass.— Island of Nantucket. TALPIDAE. 79. ScaLops aquaticus (Linné.) F. Cuvier. Eastern mole; Common mole. Sorex aquaticus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 53. “I~ AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALI.” Scalops aquaticus (Linné). True, Proc. U.S. nat. mus., 1896, vol. 19, p. 19-47, fig. 4-10, pl. 1, fig. 3; pl. 2, fig. 3; pl. 3, fig. 3. Scalops aquaticus (Linné). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 188-189, fig. on pl. facing p. 188. Open lands of upper austral zone; tunneling in loose soil. Mass.— Springfield ; Wareham. Conn. 80. PaRaASCALOPS BREWERI (Bachman.) True. Brewer's mole; Hairy-tailed mole. Scalops breweri Bachman, Boston journ. nat. hist., 1842, vol. 4,p. 32. “Marraa’s VINEYARD,” Mass., (a probable error). Parascalops breweri (Bachman). True, Proc. U.S. nat. mus., 1896, vol. 19, p. 68-77, fig. 19-26, pl. 4, fig. 1-3. By FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. INSECTIVORA. INSECTIVORA VERA. TALPIDAE. Parascalops breweri (Bachman). Rhoads, Mammals Penn. & N. J., 1903, p. 204-206, fig. on pl. 8. Open lands of Canadian and transition zones, tunneling in sandy or gravelly soil; sometimes in open woods. Me.— Upton. N. H.— White Mountains and elsewhere. Win. Mass.— Warwick; ? Martha’s Vineyard. 81. Conpytura cristata (Linné.) Desmarest. Star-nosed mole; Black mole; Long-tailed mole; Swamp mole. Sorex cristatus Linné, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, p. 53. “in PENSYLVANIA.” Condylura cristata (Linné). True, Proc. U. S. nat. mus., 1896, vol. 19, p. 78-98, fig. 27-38, pl. 4, fig. 4-6. Condylura cristata (Linné). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 190-192, fig. on pl. facing p. 188. Bottomlands and swamps; sometimes in woods by streams Lives in tunnels and runways. Mer. to Conn. CHIROPTERA. MICROCHIROPTERA. VESPERTILIONIDAE. 82. Myoris Ltucirueus (Le Conte.) Miller. Little brown bat. Vespertilio lucifugus Le Conte, McMurtrie’s Cuvier, Animal kingd., 1831. vol. 1, p. 431, app. [Southern Georgia. ] Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte). Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1897, no. 13, p. 59-63, figs. 13¢, 14b, 14b’. MAMMALIA. 33 CHIROPTERA. MICROCHIROPTERA. VESPERTILIONIDAE. Nocturnal, spending the day in caves or hollow trees. ME. to Conn. 83. Myoris suBpuLatus (Say.) Miller. Say’s bat; Little brown bat. Vespertilio subulatus Say, Long’s Exped. to Rocky Mts., 1823, vol. 2, p. 65. “ ABOUT EIGHTEEN MILES ABOVE THE CONFLU- ENCE OF THAT TRIBUTARY OF THE ARKANSA, CALLED IN PIKE’s MAPS ‘ THE FIRST FORK.’” Myotis subulatus (Say). Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1897, no. 13, p. 75-76, figs. 13a, 15b, 15b’. Vespertilio subulatus (Say). DeKay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 8-9, pl. 3, fig. 2. Nocturnal, spending day in caves and hollow trees. Me. to Conn. 84. LaAsIONYCTERIS NOCTIVAGANS (Le Conte.) Peters. Silver-haired bat. Vespertilio noctivagans Le Conte, McMurtrie’s Cuvier, Animal kingd., 1831, vol. 1, p. 481, app. [North America.] Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte). Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1897, no. 13, p. 86-87, fig. 18-19. Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte). Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 202-203, fig. 2 on pl. facing p. 198. Nocturnal, spends day in caves; feeds over ponds in woods. N. H. — White Mountains. Wane Mass. — Nantucket; North Truro; Middleboro. lige Jf 85. PIPISTRELLUS SUBFLAVUS oBSCURUS Miller. Northern Georgia bat; Dusky bat. 34 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. CHIROPTERA. MICROCHIROPTERA. VESPERTILIONIDAE. Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1897, no. 13, p. 93: (figs. 22b, 23b, of P. subfilavus). “ LaKE GerorcE, W aRREeEN County, N. Y.” Nocturnal; spends day in buildings and hollow trees; upper austral zone. Mer.— (J. A. Allen.) Mass.— Concord. 86. VesprertTinio Fuscus Beauvois. Large brown bat; House bat. Vespertila | sic] fuscus Beauv. Cat. Peale’s mus., Philadelphia, 1796, p.14. “PuHimaperpHia,” Pa. Vespertilio fuscus Beauv. Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1897 no. 13, p. 96-99, figs. 24b, 25b. Vespertilio fuscus Beauy. Stone & Cram, Amer. animals, 1902, p. 200-201, fig. 5 on pl. facing p. 198. Nocturnal; spends day in buildings, caves, or on trees; win- ters in New England. Me. to Conn. 87. Lasiurus BoREALIS (Miiller.) Miller. Red bat: New York bat: Tree bat. Vespertilio borealis Miller, Natursyst., suppl., 1776, p. 20. [“ Norp-aMERICA.”] Lasiurus borealis (Miiller). Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1897, no. 13, p. 105-108, figs. 27a, 28a. Lasiurus borealis (Miller). Lyon, Proc. U. 8S. nat. mus., 1903, vol. 26, p. 425-426, pl. 17, fig. 1-2. Nocturnal ; in trees by day. Me. to Conn. OO MAMMALIA. 35 ‘CHIROPTERA. MICROCHIROPTERA. VESPERTILIONIDAE. 88. Lasrurus cINEREUS (Beauvois.) H. Allen. Hoary bat. Vespertilio cinereus Beauy., Cat. Peale’s mus., Philadelphia, 1796, p. 15. “PENNSYLVANIA.” Lasiurus cinereus (Beauv.). Miller, North Amer. fauna, 1897, no. 13, p. 112-115, fig. 31-32, pl. 3, fig. 4. Vespertilio pruinosus Say. De Kay, Nat. hist. New York, 1842, pt. 1, p. 7-8, pl. 2, fig. 2. Nocturnal; spends day in trees. Mr. to Conn. Occasional Papers OF THE Moston Society of Aatural History VII. FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. 8. - LIST OF THE PISCES. By WILLIAM C. KENDALL. BOSTON : PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY FROM THE GURDON SALTONSTALL FUND. Aprit, 1908. Occasional Papers Hoston Society of datural History. VIL. FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. 9 LIST OF THE BATRACTIIA. By SAMUEL HENSHAW. BOSTON: - PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY FROM THE GURDON SALTONSTALL FUND. APRIL, 1904. Occasional Papers ss Postow Society of Natural Vistory, Vil. -- FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. 1 LIST OF THE REPTILIA. By SAMUEL HENSHAW. BOSTON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY FROM THE GURDON SALTONSTALL FUND. Marcu, 1904. Occasional Papers OF THE Hoston Society of Aatural Pistory BN oa VII. FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. 11. ‘ Lis OF THE AVES. By GLOVER M. ALLEN. 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