NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER MANUAL SERIES OCEANOGRAPHIC CONVERSION TABLES FOR USE BY THE INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION PUBLICATION M-1 The National Oceanographic Data Center is sponsored by six government agencies having an interest in the marine environ- ment; it is governed by an Advisory Board composed of representatives of these activities and the National Academy of Sciences. The U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office is assigned responsibility for management of the National Oceanographic Data Center. The sponsoring agencies are: ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Printed by S. NAVY HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE WASHINGTON 25, D. C. 1962 Price 80 cents U. ET IT MBL/WHOI AMOR FOREWORD This publication contains tables of the standardized obser- vational units and codes currently used in conjunction with the National Oceanographic Data Center's computer programs. These tables have been excerpted from NODC publication "Processing Physical and Chemical Data From Oceanographic Stations," Publi- eation M-2. It is intended that through the use of these tables International Indian Ocean Expedition participants may make the fullest and most expeditious use of the processing facilities available at the Data Center. Copies of the sample form (page 105) and additional copies of this publication may be obtained by writing to the National Oceanographic Data Center, Washington 25, D. C. National Oceanographic Data Center TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION APPENDIX I - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA FORM, NHO-NODC-3167/1 (9-61) AND OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARD 1O5 NUMBER 1. 10. HAs 12. 13. wes 15. WO A aE Foy MES 10) IE eC as tty NY 4S: COUNTRY CODE - International Geophysical Year (IGY) Code TENTH CONVERSION - Conversion from Seconds (of Position or Minutes (of Time) to Tenths of Minutes or Hour MARSDEN SQUARE CHART TIME - Conversion from Local to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) DEPTH - Conversion from Fathoms to Meters DEPTH - Conversion from Feet to Meters (tenths) ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS WATER COLOR - Forel-Ule Scale and Conversion from other Color Scales DIRECTION - In Tens of Degrees from which Waves and/or Winds are Coming DIRECTION - Conversion from Points, Quarter Points, or a Scale of 32, To a Scale of 36 Points HEIGHT - WMO Code 1555 for Recording Height of the Dominant Waves PERIOD - WMO Code 3155 for Recording Period of the Dominant Waves SEA STATE - Conversion from the Douglas Scale to WMO Code 3700 WIND SPEED - Conversion from Meters per Second to Knots WIND SPEED - Conversion from Miles per Hour to Knots WIND SPEED - Conversion from Kilometers per Hour to Knots Vil PAGE ais) 26 255 29 30 32 34 Sy) 36 eM 38 27 ho Ta he 43 TABLE NUMBER 17. Aker 19. 20. el. eae 23. eyes 25- 26. AG 28. 29. 30. Sule Lo issL- 10-2? “TAB, BS (60 NE Dp) WIND SPEED - Conversion from Feet per Second to Knots WIND FORCE - Conversion from Knots, Meters per Second, Kilometers per Hour, and Miles per Hour to the Beaufort Wind Scale ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE - Conversion from Inches of Mercury to Millibars ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE - Conversion from Millimeters of Mercury to Millibars TEMPERATURE - Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade PRESENT WEATHER - WMO Code 4501 for Recording Present Weather PRESENT WEATHER - Conversion from Beaufort Weather Notation to WMO Code 4501 PRESENT WEATHER - Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the WMO Code 4501 PRESENT WEATHER - WMO Code 4677 for Recording Present Weather CLOUD TYPE (GENUS) - WMO Code 0500 for Recording Cloud Type (Genus ) CLOUD AMOUNT - WMO Code 2700 for Recording Cloud Amount VISIBILITY - WMO Code 4300 for Recording Visibility at Surface PRECISION OF MEASUREMENT SALINITY - Conversion from Chlorinity to Salinity (%) OXYGEN - Conversion from Milligrams per Liter to Milliliters per Liter (NTP) Vill PAGE nn “5 46 47 50 58 ao 60 64, 68 69 700) [1 72 87 TABLE NUMBER By2c 33. oye 35. 36. 37. 38. 37 ho. Toor “Ors UT a ae o (CON 2 D) PAGE OXYGEN - Conversion from Milligram-Atoms per Liter to Milliliters per Liter 88 PHOSPHORUS - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of Inorganic P to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of P 93 PHOSPHATE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of PO, to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of PO), -P gh PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of Po05 to Microgram- Atoms per Liter of P 96 NITRITE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of NO5 to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of NOo-N OT NITRATE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of N03 to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of NO3-N 98 SILICON - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of Si to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of Si 100 SILICON DIOXIDE - Conversion from Micrograms per Liter of SiO, to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of S105-Si 102 SILICATE - Conversion from Milligrams per Liter of Si03 to Microgram-Atoms per Liter of SL03-Si 103 ry INTRODUCTION As part of the United States’ contribution to the International Indian Ocean Expedition, the processing facilities of the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) are made available to the Expedition so that the observed data and the interpolated and computed values may be furnished for publication at the earliest possible date. The processing and computing techniques currently used by NODC are geared to a set of standardized observational units and codes. In order to process these data efficiently for the oceanographic community, it is desirable that they be reported in the units or codes which are presently used and programmed for the NODC computers. Submission of data on the NODC Physical and Chemical Data Form for Oceanographic Stations, form NODC-EXP 3167/12 (2-62), and conversion to proper standard units or codes (described in a special tri-lingual table of units) will avoid time consuming delays during processing. (See Appendix I, page 105, for sample Physical and Chemical Data Form. ) If the data from a particular cruise or group of stations can be supplied in this standard form, the processing to the publication listing stage can usually be completed in about three months. The publication listing will contain, in addition to the original obser- vations, the Pollowing data: interpolated temperature, salinity, sigma-t, oxygen, and sound velocity values at standard depths, and computed values of sigma-t, sound velocity, specific volume anomaly, and dynamic depth anomaly. Most of these computations are based on formulas published in "The Oceans, Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology" by Sverdrup, Fleming, and Johnson. During the processing of historical data by NODC, a great variety of observational units was encountered; tables were required to convert these units to a series of standard units or codes. These tables have been reproduced as a publication for the sole use of the International Indian Ocean Expedition participants. TABLE 1 Country Code International Geophysical Year (IGY) Code CODE NAME OL Afghanistan 08 Argentina 09 Australia 10 Austria alak Belgium 23 Belgian Congo ib5} Bolivia 14 Brazil 84 British Caribbean Territories 83 British East African Territories and Indian Ocean Islands 85 British Malaya/Borneo Territories 82 British West African Territories al) Bulgaria te Burma 16 Cambodia 18 Canada 19 Ceylon 20 Chile Pub China 22 Columbia 81 Czechoslovakia 26 Denmark 70 Dominican Republic 28 Ecuador PM Egypt 1 El Salvador 32 Ethiopia 33 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 34 Finland 35 France Abie French Cameroons 02 French Equatorial Africa 30 French Oceania 25 French Somaliland 87 French Togoland 03 French West Africa 23 TABLE 1 (Cont'd) NAME Germany Greece Guatemala. Haiti Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Tran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Korea Laos Lebanon Libya Luxembourg Madagascar Morocco Mexico Netherlands Netherlands Antilles Netherlands New Guinea New Caledonia New Zealand Norway Pakistan Paraguay People's Republic of Albania Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Portuguese East Africa Portuguese West Africa 24 TABLE 1 (Cont'd) CODE NAME es Romania 29 Spain 76 Sudan 19 Surinam a Sweden 78 Switzerland 80 Syria 86 Thailand 88 Tunisia 89 Turkey 91 Union of South Africa 90 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 74 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Sil United States of America ge Uruguay 93 Venesuela orn Viet-Nam 95 Yugoslavia NOTE: 69 and 71 have not been assigned. COUNTRY CODE OF COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN THE IGY METEOROLOGY PROGRAM AS GIVEN IN "INTERNATTONAT, GEOPHYSICAL YEAR 1957-1958" METEOROLOGICAL PROGRAMME, OMM/WMO=NO, 58 AGI=IGY=2 1957 25) TABLE 2 Tenths Conversion Conversion from seconds (of position) or minutes (of time ) to tenths of minutes or hours Range of Tenths of Secs. or Mins. Mins. or Hrs. 26 TABLE 3 MARSDEN SQUARE CHART so’ 40" Ey & S z 3 H.0. 17041 Time (GMT) Conversion from local time to Greenwich mean time EAST LONGITUDE He? [oe 0 |S |e | |S es | ees | 2 |e Ro eae es aie 6) 27 (8 So 116) ti 12) TIME- ZONE CONVERSION TABLE WEST LONGITUDE TABLE 4 FOLLOWING DAY Dal w] alalo o|o ° Oo; Oo] - =i 0EoCLT —) i0E 2ST a 23 ea a1 OE CVT i0€ LET ais OF TT O (OE 26 Le /0€ .c8 WwW 10E.L9 D 10€ eS C (OE LE B ope ps pepe pe |e [ofa ts 10€ occ A 10€ LO 16 17 18 ~ 19 | 20 21 17 18 19 ie} CO Ta ce LWON 10€.2O Tass 10E oo? oO 10E LE 10E ocS 3 12. id 3 11 02 RET on 15 Os 10E oL9 Oels)s 10E 0ocS alla 10€ £6 SS 16 22 23 21 22 OE ocTT 19 20 i0E LET i) 10€ ocVL 2|2 i0€ LST | Pe pw pe pe pa fe | [ae | °° ” 10E ocLt Popo fo po |e pe peu lets pe [is refs Pe pole fo fala] » | a Salo 20 21 N Poe | | Per [oe fo foo lo fo Ps [oe Da Nn ° AVG SNIGQUOA Yd euoZ owl, 29 Os 03 02 ol EXPLANATION: If day change (diagonal) line is crossed from right to left, subtract one day; from left to right, add one day. Example 05 in L (- 11) time is 18 GMT of preceding day. To convert from local time to ony other time, locate local time in zone column and proceed horizontally to zone wanted. TABLE 5 Depth Conversion from fathoms to meters (1 fathom = 1.8288 meters) Fathoms 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Meters 0 0 0 1 1 a al al 1 2 Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 U/ 8 9 30 TABLE 5 (Cont'd) Depth Conversion from fathoms to meters (1 fathom = 1.8288 meters) Fathoms 00 10 20 30 40 5uU 60 70 80 90 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Fathoms 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1829 2012 295 2377 2560 2743 2926 3109 3292 3475 2000 3658 3840 4023 4206 4389 4572 4755 4938 5121 5304 3000 5486 5669 5852 6035 6218 6401 6584 6767 6949 7132 4000 73U5 7498 7681 7864 8047 8230 8412 8595 8778 8961 5000 9144 9327 9510 9693 9876 10058 =10241 10424 10607 10790 31 TABLE 6 Depth Conversion from feet to meters (tenths ) (1 foot = 0.3048 meter) B 3 h 5 6 7 8 as ine) Ww Se ° e . e e ° e ° ° e e ° ° e e e e e \O\0 COON ANAOWWY a= =O Wo Nel: ON ==] NOM ee ORS) [e2) ne) e e @ oe @ Ww Py fo MO OW CO ee @¢ @ eo «@ WF Fw H e [ND Sel NOT NO) i rested re NFR OU ee 6 ¢ 0. woe OOo CO@O AA OO wu Ee $= O)) U0 Ga Go MOvu1w \o OV W\O OW O e ° ° e e e e Div Eo} 9 0.6 0.9 1.2 145 18 Dei eg PST Share 4.0 4.3 4.6 Tie) bse 5.5 5.8 6.7 FeO) eee Te0 Fee) one S25 8.8 9.8 1061. 10s “LOST 20. J) 6 anes 12.0 Uses hse 13.7 vO 3 eG ee 15.0)> 16.2 16.5. 16.8 “17.1 » 27-4 127.7 | 16me 18.9. 19.2 1925 919.8 20.1. 20.4 20:7. Bie 21,9 ° 22.3 29.56 22.9 23.2 23.5 23.8 205i 25.0 - 25.3 )°25.6 “2529 926-2 26.5 26:0 27 28:0 28.3 28.7. 29.0 29.3 29.6 29°59 30R2 21.1. . 3L.% 31.7 32.0 32.3 32.6 32:9 , 3352 ah.1 34.4 34.7 35.1 35.4 35.7 36.04 3668 37-2 37-5 «637-8 «63851 0 BBE 38.7 639.03 hoe —ho.5 -t0.8 Joy 355 Jn.8 42. | fee We.3 43.6 43.9. thee Uh Abs yo. 8 &oee l6.3 46.6 Wo.9 47.2 bro. (47.96. )6eee ho. how7 50.0 50.3 506 50.9 51.2 5ilee Boye 5eeT 6 5560 5368. 5500 959.9 54.8 biee Bs) 55s0 5Oel. SOs 56e7 57e0* 5ya3) [ieee 58.5 58.8 59.1 59.4 59.7 60.0 60.4 G6ORm 61.6. 61.9 62.2 62.5 62.8 63.1 63.) 63mm 64.6 64.9 65.2 65.5 65.8 66.1 66.4 66.8 67.7 68.0 68.3 68.6 68.9 69.2 69.5 6956 TO.7 (lsO *flas ifieo | “fle Ge) Yewe. T2eo0 iieee 73-0 Thl ‘Teoh Tu. T5s0 15.3. T5-6~ (oeg "6.0 (Tel (fell Yh (8:0 “18.3 78-6. “(erg 79.9 80.2 °80.5 980.8 6171 G1.) S8L.7 ~*SaR0 82.9 63.0 83/5 83.8 8h. Skok Oh.T 8520 86.0 86:3 86.6 86.9 8722 87.5 987.8 882m 89.0 89.3 89:6 89.9 90.2 90:5 90.8 912i 32 Conversion from feet to meters (tenths) 20 128.0 158.5 189.0 219.5 249.9 280.4 310.9 341.4 371-9 402.3 432.8 563<5 493.8 524.3 554.7 585.2 615.7 646.2 ey (orn Oe: aneo 768.1 798.6 829.1 859.5 890.0 920.5 951.0 981.5 TABLE 6 (Cont'd) (1 foot = 0.3048 meter) 30 Sia 161.5 atlejeieo) 222.5 253.0 283.5 313.9 Bu. 374.9 405.3 435.9 466.3 496.8 D273 557-8 588.3 618.7 649.2 679.7 yalere. THO eT Pele L 801.6 832.1 862.6 893.1 923.5 954.0 984.5 ho 103.6 134.1 164.6 195.1 225.6 256.0 286.5 S170 347-5 378.0 408.4 438.9 469.4 499.9 530.4 560.8 591-3 621.8 eBeS 682.8 alc e= 743.7 774.2 804.7 835.2 865.6 896.1 926 .6 957-1 987 .6 33 719-3 749.8 780.3 810.8 841.2 871.7 902.2 0327 963.2 993.6 —~ fo ca eler eles HAR AH WI OM OMI OV OD \O OV a) 10 £0 ° ° ° J ne) 5 fo ie (ee) fe (S%) (ee) 115.8 146.3 176.0 BOTe3 Psa f 268.2 298.7 Bao. 359-7 390.1 420.6 451.1 481.6 lee 542.5 513-0 603.5 634.0 664.5 694.9 725. 195-9 786.4 816.9 847.3 Si araene. 908 .3 938.8 969.3 118.9 149.4 179.8 210.3 240.8 oiled 301.8 332.2 362.7 393.2 ND3.7 454.2 484.6 515.1 545.6 576.1 606.6 637-0 667.5 698.0 728.5 759.0 789.4 819.9 850.4 880.9 oie 941.8 972.3 999.7 1002.8 TABLE 7 Additional Observations This table is to be added later. 34 TABLE 8 Water Color Forel-Ule scale and conversions from other color scales 35 TABLE 9 Direction In tens of degrees from which waves and/or winds are coming Calm (no waves—no motion) 5°- 14° 15°- 24° 25°- 34° 35° -— 44° 45°- 54° 55°— 64° 65°- 74° 75° - 84° 85°-— 94° 95° — 104° 105° - 114° 115° - 124° 125° — 134° 135° - 144° 145° — 154° 155° - 164° 165° - 174° 175° — 184° 185° - 194° 195° - 204° 205° - 214° 36 99 215° — 224° 225° — 234° 235° - 244° 245° - 254° 255° — 264° 265° — 274° 275° — 284° 285° — 294° 295° — 304° 305° — 314° 315° — 324° 325° — 334° 335° — 344° 345° — 354° 355°- 4° Waves confused, direction indeterminate (waves equal to or less than 434 metres) Waves confused, direction indeterminate (waves grea- ter than 434 metres) Winds variable, or all direct- ions or unknown Table 9 is a combination of WMO Codes 0885 and 0877. TABLE 10 Direction Conversion from points, quarter points, or a scale of 32, to a scale of 36 points POINT POINTS N6E to NL4E S6W to SLuW NL5E to N25E SL5W to S25W N26E to N34E S26W to S34w N35E to N4SE S35W to Show N46E to N54E SLEW to SS4W N55E to S55W to S65W N66E to S66W to ST4W N/75E to S75W to S85wW N&6E S86W S89wW S89E NSOW S85E NSSW STHE N74wW S65E : N6SW SLE NSLW SUSE N45W S34E N34W S25E Ne5wW SLE NL4W SSE to S1E Ss S1W to S5W NLE to N5E 37 TABLE 11 Height WMO Code 1555 for recording height of the dominant waves Code Code 1 50 is added to direction 0 Less than !/, m (1 ft) 0 5 m (16 _ ft) 1 ¥% m (1% it) 1 5%m (17% ft) 22 iF smaGse ft) 2 6 m(19 _ ft) 3 i%m(5_ ft) 3 6%m (21 _~ ft) 4 2 m(6% ft) 4 7 m (22% ft) 5 2%m(8_ ft) 5 Tm (24 _ ft) 6 3 m(9% ft) 6 8) m (25 \% ft) 7 38%m(11_ ft) 7 8%m (27 ft) 8 4 m (13 _~ ft) 8 9 m (29 __ ft) 9 4%m (14 _~ ft) 9 9'%m (30 % ft) x Height not determined Notes: (1) Each code figure provides for reporting a range of heights. For example:1=1%4 m (1 ft) to34 m (2% ft); 5= 2% m (7 ft) to 234 m (9 ft); 9= 4% m (13% ft) to 434 m (15 ft), etc. (2) If a wave height comes exactly midway between the heights corresponding to two code figures, the lower code figure is reported; e.g. a height of 234 m is reported by code figure 5. (3) In aeronautical forecast codes, only the left-hand table is to be used and code figure 9 has the meaning: 4% m (14 ft) or more. (4) The average value of the wave height (vertical distance between trough and crest) is reported, as obtained from the larger well formed waves of the wave system being observed. 38 TABLE 12 Period WMO Code 3155 for recording period of dominant waves Code Code 2 5 seconds or less 8 16 or 17 seconds 3 6 or 7 seconds 9 18 or 19 seconds 4 8 or 9 seconds 0 20 or 21 seconds 5 10 or 11 seconds 1 Over 21 seconds 6 12 or 13 seconds X Calm, or period not determined 7/ 14 or 15 seconds Notes: (1) The period of the waves is the time between the passage of two successive wave (2) crests past a fixed point (it is equal to the wave length divided by the wave speed). The average value of the wave period is reported, as obtained from the larger well-formed waves of the wave system being observed. 39 TABLE 13 Sea State WMO Code 3700 for Recording Sea State Height (Tf) 1 2 3 : 3 : rae ors cs ce ee Penson foe [oe [a (+ ) The average wave height as obtained from the larger well-formed waves of the wave system being observed. 1 3 * The exact bounding height is to be assigned for the lower code figure, e.g. a height of 4 meters is coded as 5. 40 TABLE 14 Wind Speed Conversion from meters per second to knots (1m/sec = 1.94254 knots) 4] TABLE 15 Wind Speed Conversion from miles per hour to knots (1 mph = 0.86839 knot) 42 TABLE 16 Wind Speed Conversion from kilometers per hour to knots (1 km/hr = 0.539593 knot) 43 TABLE 17 Wind Speed Conversion from feet per second to knots (1 ft/sec = 0.5921 knot) 44 TABLE 18 Wind Force Conversion from knots, meters per second, kilometers per hour, and miles per hour to the Beaufort wind scale VELOCITY EQUIVALENT AT A STANDARD HEIGHT OF 10 METERS ABOVE OPEN FLAT GROUND DESCRIPTIVE TERM mean velocity TR GtS meters/sec km/h Calm Light air Light breeze Gentle breeze Moderate breeze Fresh breeze Strong breeze 10.8 - 13.8 Near gale 13.9 - 17.1 Gale 17.2 - 20.7 Strong gale 20.8 - 24.4 24.5 — 28.4 Violent storm 28.5 — 32:6 103 - 117 Hurricane 64-71 32.7 — 36.9 118 — 133 72-80 37.0 - 41.4 134 - 149 83 - 92 81 - 89 41.5 - 46.1 150 - 166 93 - 103 90 - 99 46.2 - 50.9 167 - 183 104-114 100 - 108 51.0 — 56.0 184 - 201 115-125 109 - 118 56.1 — 61.2 202 - 220 126 - 136 45 TABLE 19 Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from inches of mercury to millibars* 1 dneh of Hs) = 33.8639 mbs) Inches .00 sO -02 -03 -O4 -05 -06 07 -08 -09 Bee 4h .8 15 sak 45.5 45.8 46.2 46.5 46.8 Ts ee) 7.5 47.9 28.0 48,2 to 48.9 49,2 9.5 49.9 50.2 BOL 50.9 ile 2 Gia: 51.6 Bi.9 BPS) 52.6 52.9 53-3 53.6 53-9 54.3 54.6 28.2 B50 55.3 55.6 56.0 56.3 Oe ge? 3 =O Sys Bret 58.0 28.3 58.3 5On7 59.0 59.4 59.7 60.0 60.4. 460.7 6le 61.4 28.4 ols 62.1 62.1 62.8 63.1 63.4 = 63.8 64.1 64.4 64.8 28.5 65.1 65.5 65.8 66.1 66.5 66.8 67.2 67.5 67.8 68.2 28.6 68.5 68.8 69.2 69.5 69.9 10.2 (Ons 70.9 (2 yale 'S Pier Tse? (ene Tae6 (e.9 1322 1360 Tend Th.3 74.6 74.9 28.8 Toss 15-6 76.0 (O<3 76.6 T7130 Wes Tate 7620 78.3 28.9 Toot O20 79.3 (90 80.0 80.4 80.7 81.0 81.4 (oii {/ 29.0 82.1 82.4 8207 83.1 83.4 G3.'( Sl. 84.4 84.8 (Sis) oO ci 85.4 85.8 06 ol. 86.5 86.8 Ore: SS OF<0 88.1 88.5 aloe! 88.8 89.2 89.5 89.8 90.2 C055, 90.9 C12 O15 91.9 29.3 92.2 92.6 92.9 03.2 93.6 93.9 94.2 94.6 94.9 95.3 29.4 95.6 95.9 96.3 96.6 97.0 97-3 97.6 98.0 98.3 98.6 29.5 99.0 99.3 99.7 00.0 00.3 00.7 O10 O14 Olle 02.0 29.6 02.4 02.7 63.0 03.4 Ose O41 o4.4 ag O05 <1: O54 Pos 05.8 06.1 06.4 06.8 O7.1 O7e5 O7<8 OSeL 08.5 08.8 29.8 09.1 09.5 09.8 T1OsP LOSS 10.8 Tate 11.5 19 12.2 29.9 125 12.9 acre) 13.5 1329 ieee 14.6 14.9 eRe 15.6 30.0 1520) 1663 16.6 16.9 V2.3 17.6 17-9 oes 18.6 19.0 2021 19.8 19.6 20.0 20.3 20.7 ASO Pl. 3 ea 22.0 22.4 30.2 oT 23.0 ee Pere eraae) eh elt else 25.4 eal 30.3 eismal 26.4 26.8 Pick ATH. eT .8 28.1. 28.4 28.8 29.1 30.4 29.5 29.8 Cioran 30.5 30.8 cue Ble 5 21.0 22..2 3285 30-5 32.8 S552 eos! 33-9 B42 34.5 34.9 30-2 35.6 35-9 30.6 20.2 36.6 36.9 3768 8.6 37-9 36.3 26.6 38.9 39.3 30.7 39.6 40.0 40.3 40.6 11.0 ip 41.7 hoo Lo8 2.7 30.8 43.0 ie ie} ie a 4h 0 Why a7 45.0 45.4 45.7 46.1 30.9 6.4 6.7 Thy geal 47.4 hy a 48.1 h8.4 48.8 iio a hoy 31.0 49.8 50.1 BOs 50.8 Bis. lle Si iers: 5P.e 52.5 52.8 *¥The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded; the true range of this table is 944.8 - 1052.8 mbs. 46 TABLE 20 Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs) mm of Hg 0.0 Ges 0.2 0.3 Ook 0.5 0.6 OsT 0.8 0.9 708 LCC tele Whee ; ‘ : 709 Th Pac Py. eo nn So QS to Ep Pc oP | oP oc |! oP T1LO UGeo Hb. 70 eso? (AO -epey TSS Ae AS. are yqlal 47.9 48.1 48.2 48230 8.58.6 8.7 B90 fale ho.3 OG he W.5) 9.7) 9. BiG. s50.1 S502 Ss i500. 3s«O50 5 (3 50.6 *50-7 50-9 51-0 51-1 51-3 51-4 51-5 51-7 51-8 T14 BleO 9 52u0 | 5ee2)* 52.3 -50.5 ~5226- 52.7 52.9 ° 53.0-- 5301 5 53-3 5364 = 53-5) 53-7 = 53-8 53-9) KL KR 5K.3 OHS 716 SSO De, “sO "55.0" “55.1 55.5" 55e4 55.5 55.7 155.0 lag 55-9 56.1 56.2. 56.3 56-5 56.6 56.7 56.9 57.0 57el 718 Diese Ohet | “Sled” “She, S>f-Oi 5769 551° 5852" 956.3. 5625 {9 58-6 58.7 58-9 59.0 59.1 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.7 59.8 720 5029" 60.1) (60.2 "6005. “6025... 6056 .60s7. -60-9 “61.0 -. 61.1 Tel. Giles WOlet-6r.5 966.7 '6leds' Gl.9" “Geel *6222 -62923> Gers 722 62.6). 62.7 .62.9 :63.0 “63.1 “63.3 63.4 - 63.5 63:7. 63.8 723 63-9 64,1) 64.2 .64.23° 64.5" 64.6. 64.7 64.9 65.0 ©65.1 Tek 65e3 65.) 6555") 65.7 ) 65.0.9 65.0" 66.2" “66.8. “66.3 “66.5 725 6620. SO0e wGOe04 “67.07 6 feL| 16fe3- Cie GSS “OTe 68 726 669 1OSel 6622 — 60.5 “6825. 968.6 ' 68.7° “6829. -69.0" 690.2 ToT 6953 1609.4 69.5 8°69.7 ~69.8° (69.9: 70.1 7OsS. “Tous: ©7065 728 ROsOme (Ost foro URsO: © “ese wie "eS “er «Wag 729 (Caeocl (aso Teese fee” Tes6— 2.7 - T2e9. “73.00 Cet 730 (3-3) (oe8 1320 13st) “(38-8 “7359 Tae THe Paes 1 74.5 Tel ORO Chappe Cleo. (560 Poa 56S ete.” 7525. 7567 7528 732 729 (Osi (O02 ioes., 605. “FosG- FOey- "(629.770 77-2 733 Cis tiete Geo Liate ior Tien” oe (0-2!) 7TO.3-° 78.5 734 78.6 78.7 78.9 79.0 [79.1 [79-3 794 79.5 [9-7 79-8 735 Toe Ot SOTA COLE WenUO esse Oe ) “OO.0:- +O0e7- 8O09.. 61.0 isl *The hundreds digit is not recorded. The true range of this part of Table 20 is 943.9 mbs - 981.1 mbs. 47 TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (Cont 'd) (1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs) mofig 0.0 O01 O02 0.3 Ob 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8) ROuaM 736 81.3 @1.4 81.5 81.7 81.8 6129 82.1 62.2 82.3 “Gea 737 82.6 82.7 62.9 83.0 83.1 83.3 83.4% 83.5 83.7 Game 738 83.9 84.1 84.2 84.3 84.5 84.6 84.7 84.9 85.0 Ole. (0155) (OI. 7) 01. 8t SOO" ® ORs 02a (023 wieas 752 02.6 02.7 02:9 03.0 03.1 0353 03.4 03.5 03.7 see 753 03.9 O41 O.D O84.3 O4.5 O4.6 O4.7 O1.9 05.0 “Ooeml Tok 05.3 05.4 05.5 05.7 05.8 05.9 06.1 06.2 06.3 O6mg (> 06-6 06. 06-9 “O7-0 -O7.1 “O7:3 9 O74 “Ofe5 07.7 oleae 756 07-9 08.1 08.2 08.3 08.5 08.6 08.7 08.9 09.0 e641 227 12.9" 1350) ee 760 L323 se S65 PLee fT Oso seo es Le ee T61 eG — ahr AO 1560 Tos SS Toe Se, Se ele 762 15.9" W6.1° 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.6% 16:7 16.56- 1750 “pangs (63 17.2 U7 TS) 16 - 178. 179° “USs0 18-2 1823 alee 764 18.6 18.7 18.8 19.0 19.1 9.2 29.4 19.5 19.6 1986 765 19.9. 20.0 20.2 20.3 ~20.4...2056 20-7 20.0, 2120> “ain *The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded. The true range of this part of Table 20 is 981.3 mbs - 1021.1 mbs. 48 mm of Hg 766 T67 768 769 770 ges ie T13 774 ied 776 Legs 778 9 780 781 782 783 784. (25 786 787 TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (Cont'd) (1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs) oO (S) oO e (e) ne) Selene las wel pe.6°) 22.7 | Pes5 23.9, 24.0 17 2,2 B5ee 25.4. 2555 26.6.9 266 © 26.6 B79. 728.0° 28.2 20. 202 5 BOS 2026. 30.7 .30:.8 S160 0) S280" 6 32.2 8302 (1 3st a B35 AO ate t l Steo 35.9 36.0" 36.2 Bie Sle 3ie5 20.6) 38.7 ~ 80.6 390.9, hO.0-) _ 40.2 ap ee rae haa Keep(6, nieve Oitewre' Wee 64S 45.5 46.6 46.7 46. 47.9 48.0 48.2 49.2 «=64g.h 9.5 0.3 0.4 Ont 0.8 Ceae eee 2345. 2326 oye 25.0 26.2 26.3 24 ee 58.0. +2920 30.2 30.3 1.5. «31.6 33.6 . 33.0 34.2 34.3 3565 35.6 3025 3 <0 3842 «38.3 39-5 39.6 Lose 41.0 LOD | los 43.5 3.6 W585 0 46.2 46.3 47.5 47.6 48.8 49.0 50.2 50.3 *The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded. The true range of this part of Table 20 is 1021.2 mbs. - 1050.4 mbs. 49 ne NI OFH OF Ww ime reo FRO TABLE 21 Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade °F 0.0 Owl 0.2 0.35 0.4 06.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 50 TABLE 21 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade oF 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 103 102 101 100 ee) 98 | 96 22 94 93 92 gl 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 (e 78 TT 51 TABLE 21 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade EEE oa) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 O07 0.8 0.9 16 75 74 ib 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 5 U4 53 52 Bil 50 32 TABLE 21 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade 0.0 Ol 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 53 TABLE 21 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade SS SSS SSS SSS on 0.0 Owl 0.2 03 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10 OF Mw Fw AO = © 0 i] 1 EE 1@ -2 54 TABLE 21 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade oh 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 55 TABLE 21 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade a eee Sy 0.0 Ol 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Oo7 0.8 0.9 56 TABLE 21 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade 0,0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 O06 Ory 0.8 0.9 57 TABLE 22 Present Weather WMO Code 4501 for recording present weather Code figure 0 Clear (no cloud at any level) 1 Partly cloudy (scattered or broken) 2 Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s) 3 Sandstorm, duststorm, or blowing snow 4 Fog, thick dust or haze 5 Drizzle 6 Rain 7 Snow, or rain and snow mixed 8 Shower(s) 9 Thunderstorm(s) 58 TABLE 23 Present Weather Conversion from Beaufort weather notation to WMO Code 4501 Abbreviation Description Blue sky whether with clear or hazy atmosphere, or sky not more than one-quarter clouded. Sky between one-quarter and three-quarters clouded. Mainly cloudy (not less than three-quarters covered. ) Drizzle or fine rain. Wet air without rain falling. Fog. Wet fog. Gloomy. Hail. Line squall. Lightning Mist. Overcast sky (ives, the whole sky covered with unbroken cloud). Passing showers. Squalls. Rain. Sleet (ize... rain and snow together). Snow. Thunder. Thunderstorm. Ugly, threatening sky. Unusual visibility. Dust haze; the turbid atmosphere of dry weather. 59 Code © Jk bh tO -\O \O\O WW FF Fu XOXO] =] ON SO 0 FOND TABLE 2h Present Weather Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the 00 O1 02 03 on 05 06 OT 08 09 10 abit 12 13 14 ahs) 16 20 a 22 23 oh 25 26 al 28 29 WMO Code 4501 Code Underlined ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION OF SKY AND SPECIAL PHENOMENA Cloudless Partly cloudy. Cloudy. Overcast. Low fog, on ground or over sea. Haze (but visibility greater than 2,000 m., 2,200 yds). Dust devils seen. Distant lightning. Light fog or mist (visibility between 1,000 and 2,000 m., 1,100 and 2,200 yds). Fog at a distance, but not at the ship. Precipitation within sight. Thunder, without precipitation at the ship. Dust storm within sight, but not at the ship. Ugly, threatening sky. Squally weather. Heavy squalls. } in last 3 hours Waterspouts seen. PRECIPITATION IN LAST HOUR BUT NOT AT TIME OF Precipitation (rain, drizzle, hail, snow, or sleet ) Drizzle Rain Snow Rain and snow or sleet Rain shower ee Snow shower s). Hail or rain and hail shower (s). Slight thunderstorm. Heavy thunderstorm. other than showers 60 WMO Code 4501 (modified) O Ak al! 2 h h h 9 h h 6 S) 3 y) 2 2 S OBSERVATION ) 6 in last hour 7 but not at ia time of 8 observation. 7 S) S, 2 TABLE 24 (Cont'd) Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the 50 Bil 52 D3 54 29 56 2 58 29 WMO Code 4501 DUST STORMS AND STORMS OF DRIFTING SNOW WMO Code (Visibility less than 1,000 m., 1,100 yards) 4501 (modified) Dust or sand storm. 3 Dust or sand storm, has decreased. 5 Dust or sand storm, no appreciable change. 3 Dust or sand storm, has increased. 3 Line of dust storms. - Storm of drifting snow. 3 Slight storm of drifting snow generally low. $ Heavy storm of drifting snow 6! Slight storm of drifting snow generally high. 3 Heavy storm of drifting snow 3 FOG (Visibility less than 1,000 m., 1,100 yards) Fog. 4 Moderate fog in last hour \ out not at time of observation. 4 Thick fog in last hour y Wicleoe Shs) Suen ealis 9 | has become thinner during last hour. 7 Fog, sky not discernible 4 Fog, sky discernible . ; 4 iG Foe, aixy not discemible } no appreciable change during last hour h Fog, sky discernible has begun or become thicker during 4 Fog, sky not discernible ) last hour 4 Fog in patches. 4 Drizzle Intermittent Continuous Intermittent Continuous Intermittent Continuous Drizzle and fog. Slight or moderate Thick DRIZZLE (Precipitation consisting of numerous minute drops) slight drizzle. moderate drizzle. thick drizzle. drizzle and rain. 61 W011 TT WV TABLE 24 (Cont'd) Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the WMO Code 4501 RAIN 60 Rain. 6 61 Intermittent slight rain. 6 62 Continuous 6 63 Intermittent . 6 64 Continuous HOgeT abe eoaws 6 65 Intermittent : 6 h 66 Continuous Se ee 6 Gir Rain and fog. 2 68 Slight or moderate ; ; i 69 Heavy ! rain and snow, mixed. T SNOW [TO Snow or sleet ih (ale Intermittent ! : A if 12 Continuous slight snow in flakes 1" E ie aes moderate snow in flakes i iS) Intermittent h : if 76 Continuous eavy snow in flakes {6 1 Snow and fog. - 78 Granular snow (frozen drizzle). T 19 Ice crystals; it SHOWERS (S) 80 Shower (s) 8 81 Shower (s) of slight or moderate : 8 82 Shower (s) of heavy ea 8 83 Shower (s) of slight or moderate ee T 8h Shower (s) of heavy T 8 Sh i d ; a6 hover (5) or heawy nn } 8in and snow. t 87 Shower (s) of granular snow Te 88 Shower (s) of slight or moderate : : : i 89 cee nor mnee hail, or rain and hail. 7 62 TABLE 24 (Cont'd) Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the WMO Code 4501 WMO Code THUNDERSTORM 4501 (modified) 90 Thunderstorm 9 91 Rain at time ! thunderstorm during last hour, but not at 9 92 Snow, or sleet at time time of observation. 9 93 Thunderstorm, slight without hail or soft hail, 9 put with rain (or snow ) 94 Thunderstorm slight with soft hail 9 95 Thunderstorm moderate without hail, but with 9 rain (or snow ) 96 Thunderstorm moderate with soft hail at time of 9 97 Thunderstorm heavy without hail, but with observation. 9 rain (or snow) 98 Thunderstorm combined with dust storm 9 99 Thunderstorm heavy with hail 9 63 TABLE 25 Present Weather WMO Code 677 for recording present weather Code figure ww » {00 Cloud development not observed or not .. 9 observable 220 | 01 Clouds generally dissolving or becoming less characteristic change egé developed of the state of sky 2 °% 02 State of sky on the whole unchanged during the past hour © (03 Clouds generally forming or developing 04 Visibility reduced by smoke, e.g. veldt or forest fires, industrial smoke or volcanic ashes 05 Haze 06 Widespread dust in suspension in the air, not raised by wind at or near the station at the time of observation 07 Dust or sand raised by wind at or near the station at the time of observa- tion, but no well developed dust whirl(s) or sand whirl(s), and no dust- storm or sandstorm seen 08 Well developed dust whirl(s) or sand whirl(s) seen at or near the station during the preceding hour or at the time of observation, but no duststorm or sandstorm 09 Duststorm or sandstorm within sight at the time of observation, or at the station during the preceding hour 10 Mist 11 ( Patches of \ shallow fog or ice fog at the station, whether on land or 12 eae orless ¢ Sea, not deeper than about 2 metres on land or 10 metres continuous at sea 13 Lightning visible, no thunder heard 14 Precipitation within sight, not reaching the ground or the surface of the sea 15 Precipitation within sight, reaching the ground or the surface of the sea, but distant (i.e. estimated to be more than 5 km) from the station 16 Precipitation within sight, reaching the ground or the surface of the sea, near to, but not at the station 17 Thunderstorm, but no precipitation at the time of observation 18 Squalls \ at or within sight of the station during the preceding 19 Funnel cloud(s) ** { hour or at the time of observation Haze, dust, sand or smoke * The expression ‘‘at the station’’ refers to a land station or a ship. ** Tornado cloud or waterspout. 64 TABLE 25 (Cont'd) ww = 20-29 Precipitation, fog, ice fog or thunderstorm at the station during the preced- ing hour but not at the time of observation Code figure ww 20 Drizzle (not freezing) or snow grains 21 Rain (not freezing) 22 Snow not falling as shower(s) 23 Rain and snow or ice pellets, type (a) 24 Freezing drizzle or freezing rain 25 Shower(s) of rain 26 Shower(s) of snow, or of rain and snow 27 Shower(s) of hail*, or of rain and hail* 28 Fog or ice fog 29 Thunderstorm (with or without precipitation) ww = 30-39 Duststorm, sandstorm, drifting or blowing snow ww 30 — has decreased during the preceding hour 31 Slight or moderate dust- - no appreciable change during the storm or sandstorm preceding hour 32 - has begun or has increased during the preceding hour 33 - has decreased during the preceding hour 34 Severe duststorm or - no appreciable change during the sandstorm preceding hour 35 - has begun or has increased during the preceding hour 36 Slight or moderate blowing snow | ay cHeawy Gutlingsenow f generally low (below eye level) 38 Slight or moderate blowing snow \ . Bon Heavyiblanina anew generally high (above eye level) ww = 40-49 Fog or ice fog at the time of observation ww 40 Fog orice fog at a distance at the time of observation, but not at the station during the preceding hour, the fog or ice fog extending to a level above that of the observer 41 Fog or ice fog in patches 42 Fog or ice fog, sky visible has become thinner during the preceding 43 Fog or ice fog, sky invisible hour * Hail, ice pellets, type (b), snow pellets. French: gréle, grésil ou neige roulée. 65 TABLE 25 (Cont'd) Code figure 44 Fog or ice fog, sky visible | no appreciable change during the preced- 45 Fog or ice fog, sky invisible { ing hour 46 Fog or ice fog, sky visible has begun or has become thicker during 47 Fog or ice fog, sky invisible { the preceding hour 48 Fog, depositing rime, sky visible 49 Fog, depositing rime, sky invisible el eek ee ee ww = 50-99 Precipitation at the station at the time of observation mT ww = 50-59 Drizzle 50 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent 51 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous 52 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent | 53 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous f 54 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent 55 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous 56 Drizzle, freezing, slight 57 Drizzle, freezing, moderate or heavy (dense) 58 Drizzle and rain, slight 59 Drizzle and rain, moderate or heavy slight at time of observation moderate at time of observation heavy (dense) at time of observation ww = 60-69 Rain 60 Rain, not freezing, intermittent 61 Rain, not freezing, continuous 62 Rain, not freezing, intermittent 63 Rain, not freezing, continuous 64 Rain, not freezing, intermittent 65 Rain, not freezing, continuous 66 Rain, freezing, slight 67 Rain, freezing, moderate or heavy 68 Rain or drizzle and snow, slight 69 Rain or drizzle and snow, moderate or heavy slight at time of observation moderate at time of observation heavy at time of observation ww = 70-79 Solid precipitation not in showers 70 Intermittent fall of snow flakes | 71 Continuous fall of snow flakes { 72 Intermittent fall of snow flakes 73 Continuous fall of snow flakes slight at time of observation moderate at time of observation TABLE 25 (Cont'd) Code figure 74 Intermittent fall of snow flakes | Heavyrataine cr cucenaton 75 Continuous fall of snow flakes { 76 Ice prisms (with or without fog) 77 Snow grains (with or without fog) 78 Isolated starlike snow crystals (with or without fog) 79 Ice pellets, type (a) eee ww = 80-99 99 Showery precipitation, or precipitation with current or recent thunder- storm Rain shower(s), slight Rain shower(s), moderate or heavy Rain shower(s), violent Shower(s) of rain and snow mixed, slight Shower(s) of rain and snow mixed, moderate or heavy Snow shower(s), slight Snow shower(s), moderate or heavy | Shower(s) of snow pellets or ice pellets, type (b), with or without j rain or rain and snow mixed - slight — moderate or heavy | Shower(s) of hail*, with or - slight without rain or rain and snow | mixed, not associated with thunder - moderate or heavy Slight rain at time of observation Moderate or heavy rain at time of observation Slight snow, or rain and snow mixed or hail** at time of observation Moderate or heavy snow, or rain and snow mixed or hail** at time of observation Thunderstorm, slight or moderate, thunderstorm during the pre- ceding hour but not at time of observation without hail**, but with rain and/or snow at time of observation Thunderstorm, slight or moderate, with hail** at time of observation Thunderstorm, heavy, without hail**, but with rain and/or snow at time of observation Thunderstorm combined with dust- storm or sandstorm at time of obser- vation Thunderstorm, heavy, with hail** at time of observation thunderstorm at time of observation * French: gréle. ** Hail, ice pellets, type (b), snow pellets. French: gréle, grésil ou neige roulée. 67 Code x OOnNnN Okt WN — CO TABLE 26 Cloud Type (Genus) WMO Code 0500 for recording cloud type (genus ) CIURMUS c6) 26 en 4 Goes Ci Cirrocumulus ...... Cc Cirrostratus ....... Cs Altocumulus ...... Ac Altostratus ....... As Nimbostratus ...... Ns Stratocumulus...... Sc Strat Sexes. ee St Cumulus: 2. 0. aa ss Cu Cumulonimbus. ..... Cb Cloud not visible owing to darkness, fog, duststorm, sandstorm, or other analog- ous phenomena 68 TABLE 27 Cloud Amount WMO Code 2700 for recording cloud amount Code 0 O 0 1 1 okta or less, but not zero 1/,) or less, but not zero 2 2 oktas Io /10 3 3 oktas elie 4 4 oktas ers 5 5 oktas ero 6 6 oktas 4/10 — 2 lio 7 +7 oktas or more, but not 8 oktas 9/49 Or more, but not ?°/,, 8 8 oktas ag 9 Sky obscured, or cloud amount cannot be estimated 69 TABLE 28 Visibility WMO Code 4300 for recording visibility at surface Code 0 Less than 50 metres (less than 55 yards) 1 50-200 metres (approx. 55-220 yards) 2 200-500 metres (approx. 220-550 yards) 3 500-1,000 metres (approx. 550 yards-5/8 n.m.) 4 1-2 km (approx. 5/8-1 n.m.) 5 2- 4 km (approx. 1- 2 n.m.) 6 4-10 km (approx. 2- 6 n.m.) 7 10-20 km (approx. 6-12 n.m.) 8 20-50 km (approx. 12-30 n.m.) 9 50 km or more (30 n.m. or more) 70 TABLE 29 Precision of Measurement This table is to be added later. 71 Cl Conversion from chlorinity to salinity Tee Ss Cl: 0.05 0.40 507 alae -08 Bite mile) 43 .12 Ah Pale AS «16 46 eli SU 19 48 49 0.21 223 0.50 225 Gil -26 5 .28 253 30 54 32 ee) 34 -56 SI “57 31 58 ~59 0.39 rela 0.60 43 -61 5 -62 46 -63 48 64 «50 <5 52 -66 5h Bei 55 .68 -69 0.57 -59 0.70 -61 esc -63 eTe 64 By de! -66 yen 68 “15 270 aTO {2 “TT 73 -78 “19 rH PRRPRPRPRPRPRPRPR e e e . ° ° ° e se a7 TABLE 30 Salinity 72 C1 Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) 019 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity 73 Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo) TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity 74 023 079 4.80 89 4.90 °99 Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/00) TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity 75 alia TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) eH S Cr S| 6.60 11.94 7.00 12.07 261 96 301 68 62 98 502 a 063 200 03 s72 64 502 04 o 74 065 03 205 (0 266 005 06 a 67 SOF 0O7 of9 68 209 208 sO. 69 Paint 209 083 GeO 12 2 TelO 12.85 si Age ell 86 72 16 sae 88 wie 18 ols 090 e74 320 oe 092 Sir Seal Pailkss 94 fo e235 ale) 095 Pores 25 17 097 -78 27 alo 099 °79 029 19 13600 6.80 12550 acO 15.03 sol! 232 Peak 20 82 034 “22 206 083 056 nes 08 84 338 224 eke) 085 59 025 we 86 al «26 il oy, 4% 027 a5 288 045 -28 ly 89 oA-7 229 019 6.90 12.48 7230 IPA al 291 350 ool see 092 052 032 224. 93 054 339 26 294 «50 234 228 95 057 55 30 96 79 36 ADA 97 Alon! COME «59 98 063 ~38 55) 099 265 239 eM 76 13 7-80 81 82 84 86 89 099 8.00 Ol 02 06 208 209 8.10 ell oll 13 014 015 16 17 18 019 14,29 14.47 81 Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) TABLE 30 (Cont'd) 15 Salinity 77 15.91 16.00 16 46 16.64 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) eal S Cl S 9.80 LVe72 10.20 18.44 81 o74 S21 346 82 «16 s22 48 083 ental 023 050 84 he) 02k 251 085 81 025 053 86 283 226 055 87 285 327 ay | 88 86 28 059 .89 .88 229 -60 9.90 17-90 10.30 18.62 91 age Abul 64 292 0 94 oe 266 093 oD) 0359 268 294 097 54 269 695 099 Ps) Pyal 296 18.01 036 073 o Dif 203 Dif! Se: -98 O04 238 sTT 099 06 239 -78 10.00 18.08 10.40 18.80 nO LO hi .82 202 pay 2 84 303 #13 343 86 O04 015 4 287 205 ol] 045 89 206 wh 046 Ail eOT Ayal ot 093 08 B22 48 095 09 ooh 2 /t9 296 10.10 18.26 10.50 18.98 mila 028 GL 19.00 ele 230 252 E02 13 e351: 053 O44 ey 333 254 005 015 oD 055 207 16 7 256 209 Maly, 039 257 ca 18 440 -58 13 Aaile 42 259 eae 78 19.34 11.00 02 11.20 11.30 20 20 Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) leh ual 11 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) 20 Zak Salinity 79 2 ng od 2165. 21.69 21.87 2 12 22 22 22 22 23 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) Cl S eal S 13200 23.50 13.40 e422 Aor 051 gu 024 502 353 ae) 025 203 055 43 LOT Ou 57 44 29 05 059 045 031 06 .60 46 033 207 262 HT 34 08 364 48 236 09 266 49 38 13.10 23268 13.50 24.40 Pala 269 251 42 12 7 052 43 1g 15 253 045 14 75 54 47 15 77 259 49 16 Bails 256 Zo mali, -80 251 52 Pal 82 58 54 19 b4 B59 256 13.20 23.86 13.60 24.58 heal sei 261 -60 22 289 «62 61 023 91 63 363 24 093 64 265 25 095 065 s67] 26 96 66 269 327 98 AS 70 28 24.00 -68 se 29 e002 69 74 13630 24.04 13.470 24.76 031 005 rag Anis) 032 307 s72 79 33 209 We: 81 34, mail oT 83 oD 13 °75 085 36 14 76 587. 37 al Ay if 88 38 18 -78 -90 039 20 -79 092 80 25 25 14 14 14 26 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) Cr S Cr S 14.60 26.38 15.00 Py ental «ol 240 eO1 ele s62 042 202 «14 363 0 44 203 16 264 46 A 18 265 047 005 -20 66 49 06 sel 307 51 307 23 68 ADS -08 025 269 ASB: 209 sh 70 26.56 15.10 27629 el: 058 Pann 0 By 60 12 32 o73 062 13 234 074 64 214 036 Pi As) 265 215 38 =16 -67 6 239 att 69 Sis 41 are Py a 18 043 °79 e73 019 0 14.80 26.74 15520 27047 Rishil 76 Heal 48 Ay S78 woo 050 083 80 023 052 84 82 welt 054 085 383 Beds 56 86 085 026 mis) 87 087 027 059 88 089 28 361 289 91 029 263 14.90 26.92 15.30 27265 291 094 Bt 266 092 96 032 268 093 98 Do °70 pel 27600 234 aie 095 500 a5 °74 296 OF, 236 015 nr 205 oti °77 298 07 358 279 099 209 239 .81 81 15 15 15 28 28 16 Cl TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo) ent S C1 s 16.20 29.27 16.60 29.99 21 029 Peal 30.01 ee ak PSE: 203 23 oie 063 205 24. 0 34 64 wor 25 236 065 208 26 «38 66 ad eH | 40 207 212 28 o42 68 ol4 29 043 069 016 16.30 29.45 16670 20.17 31 o4+7 ofl 219 Page 049 ee 2A 33 ool ~73 023 34 052 T+ 025 “o> 054 Py 26 26 256 e(0 228 Di 58 oTT «30 38 260 PHS: 32 AE AE) sb e719 334 16.40 29.63 16.80 50695 Ay 065 mul <1 Bee, Ale 202 039 43 269 283 41 hb a0 84 43 rs) ate 385 044 46 o 74 286 46 AT 276 Ay 48 48 °78 -88 250 Fie) 079 289 052 16.50 29.81 16.90 30.53 51 083 291 Faye) 052 035 292 <1 053 087 093 059 54 288 34 oul Ay, 090 “95 202 56 092 296 264 Di 094 SM | 266 58 296 -98 68 ris) 097 a9 270 82 31.26 17 17 31 pull TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo) Cl 5 Cl S 17.80 32.16 18.20 32.88 81 218 o2] 290 82 220 022 we 283 e2l 023 094 84 023 24 095 085 025 R45, 097 86 227 026 ASKS) 087 029 027 3301 88 230 28 003 89 aoe 029 204 17290 SyAO Bar 18.30 33.06 oot 236 Sone «O08 092 258 32 210 °93 039 033 212 094 o41 0 54 Ales 095 ae) 035 015 096 oAt5 Aes) ol7 o2l oT 037 019 98 048 38 e21 099 F510) 09 222 18.00 2602 18.40 33224 Ol 54 o41 026 02 56 ot2 228 203 057 043 250 004 059 44 51 205 261 045 ASD) 206 63 346 One) O07 365 arf SON 208 66 48 299 009 -68 49 040 18.10 G2 oihO 18.50 33.42 old 0/2 051 0 4H el o74 052 046 alld Ai (3) ee) 48 014 o/7 054 49 015 079 055 eol =16 81 056 Al) 17 83 0OT 209 18 84 058 Sy 19 86 059 008 83 18 18 18 3378 Cl 34.69 34.87 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinty ‘ ey. oO; Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (~/oo) (eal S Cl: S 19.40 35205 19.80 35677 ° 07 81 279 ot2 08 82 s6il 043 310 283 82 ot Aa) 84 284 a) 14 285 286 +6 16 286 88 ot7 Sily 87 90 48 ais) 88 sol: 349 pel 89 93 19.50 3523 19.90 35.95 051 025 91 097 052 026 292 299 053 28 o95 36.00 54 30 094 202 25 032 295 204 56 34 296 206 057 035 097 -08 258 a5 98 209 059 039 099 ran 19.60 35641 20.00 46013 061 043 sO 015 .62 ty 202 ely 263 46 03 18 264 48 o4 220 065 250 205 e222 266 52 206 224 67 053 207 226 68 055 -08 627 69 a] 209 329 19.70 3559 20.10 36.31 71 sol oil 033 ee: .62 12 035 073 264 13 «56 274 66 14 38 e715 68 15 40 BAAS oO 216 Ate, mil Py pl rel man (8 oD Aalis} ot 5 12 oi) 19 47 84 20 20 20 36 36 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) C1 Ss C1 Ss 21.00 37 094 21.40 38.66 201 095 Aral -68 202 297 a2 269 03 099 043 ay Al «O04 38.01 ‘ 73 205 003 045 075 06 04 46 Oy if .07 06 047 -78 08 08 48 80 209 ~10 49 82 21610 38.12 21.50 38.84 oll, 13 ool 86 sie 015 052 87 mi Ply 053 89 raat 19 ; sok aS eon 055 093 16 soe 256 095 oy sau 257 96 we 26 258 98 male) 28 059 39.00 21520 38.30 21.60 39.02 eel 31 61 04 eae 33 aoe 05 023 250 63 207 624 37 064 09 025 ao) 065 oe 226 40 66 13 Als) ae sO7 14 28 a -68 16 629 «46 69 18 21.30 38.48 21.70 39.20 ool 049 Py al $22 52 sbi sie 023 59 053 PM pe) 025 Ba: «55 «74 eet 035 ool °75 029 36 258 076 ole ao, 260 rit 032 258 262 °78 a SS, 64 °79 236 85 22 22 TABLE 30 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) Ci S Cl S 22.20 40.10 22.60 40.82 ea el2 261 84 222 14 262 286 B24 016 063 88 ook ol. 264 290 «25 019 065 91 326 gel 266 093 eT 023 nor 95 228 025 68 97 229 26 269 099 22630 40.28 22570 41.00 031 230 ay i 202 032 032 072 2 O4 033 2 34 °713 206 34 035 074 208 035 037 015 209 36 039 76 Pilg oT, eal Pe i) 013 38 043 78 Pa 039 At 719 ally) 22.40 4.0.46 22.80 41.18 AL 048 81 0) 42 250 -82 eee 4% 52 -83 eek an “99 84 26 As 055 85 Pe 046 s5T 86 29 AT 059 87 ool 048 61 88 33 49 62 89 35 22.50 40.64 22.90 41.36 51 066 91 238 52 -68 092 +0 53 670. 293 042 054 fal 094 Ayu 55 ake 295 45 56 S15 296 rey oT oft 097 td 258 79 -98 ail 059 80 099 oD 23.00 41655 86 TABLE 31 Oxygen Conversion from milligrams per liter to milliliters per liter (NTP ) (1 mg/1 = 0.6998 m1/1) Milligrams per Liter of O05 .-00 -O1 02 503 -O4 505 -06 ROW -08 09 0.0 ©.00 0-01 O20 0.502 ©.03 0.03 O.0lF 0.05 0.06 0.06 Oat O07 10508 (0508). 0209 ~O.210' 0.110) 10 Os 0.13) 0.13 One Or Os5e =O. >a Oel6. Only ssOcl 7 ss) OclG: lOnl9u Oe20 90.20 0.3 On2l O22) @neea) ees) Oe tenella wolelsy tetele olay O.4 @.26" "10529" VOs29" O230") O-81 = 02381 90.32 0.33 Ons O.3h 0.5 Oa35 102305 90.30) | Oni) Onasch) 0230 8 0-39 O40) Os VoLda: 0.6 0.42 8600.43) «2=00430CO 445 CO 5 SOE TSOO HBC (oye 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.52 0.53 O54 0.55 0.55 0.8 On5OmP OL 57 & Ob. 10258) 9 O259) 0559 FO.60) iOT6 30.62 10.62 0.9 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.69 milligrams/liter milliliters/liter milligrams/liter milliliters/liter . e 8 e OOO CO © OO 'O'O 2:0 OO OO 0 0:00 0° 0 1. 2. 3 h Be 6. T 8. 9. 0. 1. AANAUFFWPHNFO . ASwWRoONVUoren He Example: Convert 5.65 milligrams/liter of 05 to milliliters/liter. 5.00 milligrams/liter = 3.50 0.65 milligrams/liter = 0.45 3-95 milliliters/liter (ans.) 87 TABLE 32 Oxygen Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter (1 milligram-atom per liter of 0, = 11.196 milliliters per liter of 05) Milligram- atoms/liter of Oo 000 .00l .002 .003 .00K .005 .006 .007 .008 .009 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.0% 0.06 0.07 0-08 0.09 ‘Oxap 0.01 On1T . ©.12> (O13 0615 [OL16 ~O:17 “0.18 -0.19° 0.20. “Omen 0.02 0:22 0.2) 0:25 0.26 0.27 “0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 @zge 0.03 0.34% 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40. O.41. 0.43 ‘O2Rm 0.04 0.45 O46 O47 -0.48 0.49 0.50 0-52 0.53 0-54 O25 0.05 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 O0566 0.06 0.67 80.68 0.690271) 0-72 O273) O-7H 0.75 (0.76 “OsTm O.07 0.78 0.79 0.81 0:82 0.83 0.8) 0.85 0.86 0.87 O88 0.08 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.99 1.00 0.09 TOL 9 1.02 01.03 2 250k 1.05 1.06. 2-07 1.09" 1.0)" fieaee 0.10 12 ees Ae 5 FIG LISS AS 120! 2 ee OAL 12a 1c 125) eer Wises “1s29> 2.230" 631k > 232) ieee O-12 Tes a5 1e37) 16386 a39 aon ee ae a ee Oxis 146 Dy 1.58 U.490 1.50 U5 1.52 1.53 1.557)" alsa 0.14 1.57 1258 1559 1.60 1-61 1262 J1563 1.65 -71.66>-*ilGm Os T.6Q. “I.69" “1270 Pye eye ae eS Oe. 1 Se 0.16 1.79. 2.80 1.81 1.82 1284 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.88. “1769 Call 1:90 1.91 1.93 2.94 1-95 1.96 1.97 1.98 1-99. -2.00 0.18 2.02) 2.03 2.0) 28.05 ©2506 2.07 2,06 2209 2.10, 92ci2 0.19 On12 “Ol “8.15, “2016 2.17 28, 2539 2.21 2.225 peas 0.20 Spl B85 2.06) 12.27 | 256 2530 2318. P38 ee O22): 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2-40 era “ache 2.43 ok ole 0.22 BG ' ele ‘polio « ef50 Messi 2.58" 2253°° SuSleeee.55 — 2056 0.23 2.58 2.59 2:60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.68 0.24 2.69 2.70 2.71 Beye —2.73 2.7" 2.75 22 “2-76. (eae 0.25 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.84 2.85 2.87 2.88 2.89 2.90 0.26 2.91 2.92 2.93 2.94 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.00 3.01 0.27 3.02 3.03 3205 3.06 “3.07 ~3.08 3.09 3.10 3.41, 3ei2 0.28 S13 9 3515 . 3616 Sei 18.167 3.19 3.20 3.21 “3.2209 eeu 0.29 3.25 3-26 3.27 3:28 3429 3-30 3-31 3.33 3-34 3230 0.30 3.36 3237 3-38 3.39 3-40 3.41 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.46 88 TABLE 32 (Cont'd) Oxygen 11.196 milliliters per liter of 05) Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter (1 milligram-atom per liter of Oo Milligram- -OOL 002 -003 -0O4 «005 «006 -OO7T - 008 «009 -000 atoms/liter of 05 89 009 -008 TABLE 32 (Cont'd) Oxygen 11.196 milliliters ner liter of 05) Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter 2 = (1 milligram-atom per liter of O Milligram- O01 -000 atoms/liter of Oo MtINN©o DAOHM+t NMNOLKAOD HAMNW FLOARAAN MtNKO ie elon SOEDHR CHAMH GEOAAG HAMAD MAAC e Din 72ers @ e ° e a C7 6s 8 (OT | io et SE ree PEE rr DOHODHD DODD A AANAAN AAVNOOC a oot ONOHM +NOKA OHAMN OFDAAH AMSAWE KOA H FNEGN CHANME OFOAG AAMtO HOQWO4 e e.)hUl, e ° °. e e066 eo ef e© @ @ eo @e¢e e« 6 SEE EE MEE DODDDD DODD AN AANANANN NANO ot LOAHOA MFtNOD DOAAMt NOLKOA Bamstn ASmaw TUAOHDA CAVMHt NWEDNS AadmMtH Fonod e ry ry ° ry e 8 6 $608 98 “oe wee 6lCmUCUC Ue Ce orrrye MERE KF DDDODD DODD A VDAAADNO NN NO O ro) * KONO AMtWN DAQDHN +NOKMD OnAmM+t ASIA NOE A CAAam WDD AG HAUMTIA EO OOF Ce, ee ee De . ee Soe Oe oe ae RO UU ee Ce Ie Ue ee Sr ree SEE DODDDHD DODD A ANAAN ANAVCOS ACHAM MNOKDA AAMHtN WHOHROH AtNOK DBOnAM DOHAAM +tNOND CHamM+ WOE RO AAUMSTIN OD AGH ee ee © 8 © ae ° ° e ¢@ oo ee ee e® e® @ @ ee ee e# @ ©@ oe e ey Ser rr DDDDD DODD A AAAAHNN AANAGCSO on MAOFO AHAM+t+ NHDAO MtiINg KAQHA Saad SINOED AANMt NWOMDSO dUmsnA OPASH es e ° e e e Cn, eee! ee © @® @® 8 @¢ @ @ @ @ Corey SEEM FODDHD DODD A AANAAN ANVNCOS \O O OVO fF QM UNIO & MWAndAM —t INb-@® OV On M+ WN LO) ONO DADWNU™M aah EANO MS ASS, OO A m+ UXO E00 ON rel CUO te LN worKoodond “ee ee ee 0» 8» © © © e8® e© ®@ ®© #© @ ° ° s,s €¢ 8 6 e & Sok Xe PEPE HOHDHOHD DOWDDD AAANN AAVNOCO MWDARNO AANt+NO MtOKO DOAmM+ NOKAO INO Ko INDOKOA OAMFTN OKDOAA Ce ee ee, ee 90 TABLE 32 (Cont'd) Oxygen Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter (1 milligram-atom per liter of 05 = 11.196 milliliters per liter of Oo) Milligram- atoms/liter of Oo -000 .00l1 .002 .003 .00h .005 .006 .007 + ~.008 # .009 0.91 Oe LS mlOeeO EO eele O22 10.05 1 10.24. 10.26. TO.27. 10.26 10:29 0.92 Os 30 tOL31 110.32 10.33. 10.35 WO.36; 10.37% 10.387 20.39: 10740 0.93 1O.4L 10242 "10.43 10.45 10,46. 10.47. 10.48 1Os49 10.50 10.51 0.94 1Os52 10.5 2110.55= (10.56). 10.57 10.58 10.59 10.60 10:61 10.63 ©2795 10.6" 10.65. 10.66. 10-67 10.68 10.69 /10:70 “LO.71.. 10.73 10. 7k 0.96 MGs) —lOe(6) 10<77 .. 10-76210-79: 10.80) 10.82" 110.83 10.8 10.85 0.97 10.86 10.87 10.88 10.89 10.90 10.92 10.93 10.94 10.95 10.96 0.98 1O,07 2 8Os00 10.99.01. 21.02 11.03 V1.0 11505 21.06. Ad .07 0.99 1200 : COMO Eats eet ale eo: Teo: ey ateo § iiecO (hice! «1h.pe rll .23 Tt eyatice> 10.26) 27 29 11.30 1.0L eel tigs eee ino Lis o allen: olleso, dleso sliehO: ale We O2 DOr eg die eS Io ee eo 50 1.51 11,52 1203 Phebe he ot hl 65.) theo (le 1 e5O00 be 59) sLbeGO vile6i 11.62 W263 a0 WieOHn Oo, MIIS6, Tl bo thio 670° ANS 117s 7S ae 1.05 ie (Ouliaree li. oy t-79 o1teoO: Ii.en “Te e> 11.03" 49.85. 17.66 1.06 HOt soo BbeOor 1200 itso)! 11690" aie OS- 11505 “11.96 1.97 aO'y. TOG 1 2o9 12.00 12.01 12.02 12004: FS05° 12.06 12.07 12508 1.08 1200 We TO. WO TUN eg Ss - Oe CIOs Ss OL G, Tesi Lee 12219 1.09 PeeOO eee ele oa te Ol ODS 12620. 1 o.e7 alee eG, 12.20 212.30 IO Nese 33) eee ge lee 35 lees M12ea (12636 “12.39. te. ea he haa we 12.43 124 1.45 12.46 1e.k7 we.48 12.49 Ye.51 12.52 12.53 Gaal) Hee eo el. So 12.57. 12.50 12.60 “12.61. 12.62. 12563 12.64 leet 12465 8266 12.67, 1e09 12.70. Ie 1S-7o 1a eS. 18.7 e715 1.14 Bea fO dest? -leero 112.00 492.01. 92.80 12583, 12.0). 32,85 12586 tS 12.30 12.09 12.90 e791, “12.92 18,03" We,ok- 12.95 72.96. 12.96 1<16 12.090 13.00) J 300 $3502 $13.03" T3e0k 13.5051.13207 13208 13209 elit ISO! 132 93. e els ae ASS 713.17 “Ws.18 13.10. 139.20 18 Uncle sR 1363 seed 1 elo: 413 o7 1 36eo. WS689. 13530 13.31 allie, 13682, loess floes Lls.s6 1S. ay “13638. 13.39" 13.40" 23 se 20 PSHE 1oe4> Poeto. TSN” 13.46 P13hO e508 e5l. 13.52 13254. 91 TABLE 32 (Cont'd) Oxygen Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter (1 milligram-atom per liter of On = 11.196 milliliters per liter of Oo) Milligram- atoms/liter of 05 ~000 O01 -002 -003 -004 005 -006 O07 «008 -009 p ° ® Mw Mw Pw ° bo WW WW WhohwhN Nh * * BPRPHPRPH BPP H OO ODAW WFW PD « HEHEHE eo @ FwnhPrH ° 92 TABLE 33 Phosphorus Conversion from micrograms per liter of inorganic P to microgram-atoms per liter of P (1 ug of P = 0.032285 ug-at of P) Micrograms per Liter of inorganic P 0.0 Onn ORZ aes} 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0203 0.03 Micrograms per Liter of in- organic P 0.0 Ae 230 S60 4.0 Dad) 6.0 7f 0) 8.0 90 93 TABLE 34 Phosphate Conversion from micrograms per liter of POy to microgram-atoms per liter of PO,-P (1 ug of PO, = 0.010529 ug-at of PO,,-P) a a a en ee ee Micrograms per Liter of POy 0.0 OFL Op” OS 0.4 0.5 0.6 O57 0.8 0.9 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Micrograms per Liter 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 94 TABLE 34 (Cont'd) Phosphate Conversion from micrograms per liter of PO), to microgram-atoms per liter of PO,-P Micrograms per Liter of POy 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Syste) 6.0 7.0 8.0 O30 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 95 TABLE 35 Phosphorus Pentoxide Conversion from micrograms per liter of P90, to microgram—atoms per liter of P (1 ug of P2905 = 0.014090 ng-atom of P) ne Micrograms per Liter of P50. 0.0 Ord: OxZ 0.3 0.4 O85 0.6 Oz 0.8 0.9 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 O01 0.01 0.01 OF0L 0.01 Micrograms per Liter of P50. 0.0 1.0 AAO) 3110 4.0 5 30 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 00 0.00 OLO0 O03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 O210 7 105 Et O23 10 Os AE (0)e Ls; ORL, 0.18 OF 20s es Oeil 0.23 0.24 01.25 OL27, 20 0:28 0230 O737 0.32 ORs4 > OF35 O37 0.38 0.39 0.41 30 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.54 “Ols55 40 0.56 0.58 0.59 Oo O62 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.69 50 0.70 On72 - 0273 0.75 0.76 On 77 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.83 60 0585 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.96 0).97 70 0.99 12.00 Leon 1.03 1.04 1.06 LO 1.08 1K) abe aa 80 ale bee ee eS 16 aay isa i740) ee ie 23 1.24 aWs25 90 a27 128 is Om ales 32 1234) S35 LST 38 1.439 100 eae 1.42 1.44 1.45 1.47 1.48 1.49 leo 1.2 1.54 110 LASS 1556 1.58 rao 1.61 L62 1.63 65 1.66 1.68 120 1.69 70 Wee 1273 175 146 1278 ies) 1.80 Ajas2 130 1.63 LAS) 1.86 eS, 1.89 0 192 IA) 1.94 1.96 140 1.97 1.99 AL(O0)2 @ AOL 203 2.04 2.06 2.3 O17 2,09 2.10 150 Deedee 23 QL 2 2k6 PARAL) Zou 22205 72.021 2.23 <2yeZe 160 225 Qe27 2.28 2.30 Ze Sil 2532 223452 es> 2.37 2.38 170 2.40 2.41 Di 2 eee 2 yet) 2.47 2.48 2.49 Zo! 2552 180 2a ewe 25 Poe 2.58 209 2.0 202.2 363 2.65) 2.66 190 2.68 2.69 Aaa 7hk 2072 2273 PETES 2511.8 278 2.79 2.80 200 2.82 2/183 Paes 2.86 25197 2.89 2.90 ZaZ 2.93 2.94 210 27,916 22917 2299 3.005) 3.02 993503 8.04 3,06 3.07 3.09 220 32 L0 Seal 3.13 3.44) 33,6" 3.617 sya alts! Sie 710) esi 3.23 230 SO SIR SAH) $35 748) SJosh) Sha siil 8533 B.o4 3.35 3.37 24.0 3.38 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.44 3.45 3.47 3.48 3.49 3)..5u 250 3252, 8554. 3.555) 3.56 3.58 Siaoe) 3701 Sly? 3.64 3.465 Note: For values greater than 259, the conversion is to be obtained by addition. 96 TABLE 36 Nitrite Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO,-N (1 ug of NO, = 0.0217365 ng - at of NO,-N) Micrograms per Liter of NO, 0.0 150 2.0 320 4.0 5.0 6.0 750 8.0 9.0 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 97 TABLE 37 Nitrate Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO -N 3 3 Micrograms per liter of NO, 00 01 02 03 O04 05 06 07 08 09 00 00.0 00.0 00.0 0030 00.2 00.1 00.1 00.1 OO 00.1 10 00.2 00.2 00.2 00.2 00.2 00.2 00.3 00.3 00.3 00.3 20 00.3 00.3 00.4 00.4 00.4 $#.00.4 ##.00.4 $00.4 $$.00.5 400.5 30 00.5 00.5 00.5 00.5 00.5 00.6 00.6 00.6 00.6 00.6 40 00.6 00.7 00.7 00.7 OO 00.7 00.7 00.8 00.8 00.8 50 00.8 00.8 00.8 #£00.9 00.9 00.9 00.9 00.9 00.9 O150 60 OLO FS Ol005 F010) 0150") SOLO" SOLA 0F e01e 01.1 Ole 01.1 70 Ol Ole OL52 O152> 0152 O132 012 01-2 O13) oles 80 O13 01.3 01.3 O1.3 O1.4 O14 O14 O14 O14 O10 90 ONS) 2 Ole) Ol 5.2 015 2 Ole 55) SOI 5s 20-5. S01 ior BOT 6 a Ole Micrograms per PEECT Or NO, 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 98 TABLE 37 (Cont'd) Nitrate Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO.-N a Micrograms per liter of NO, 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2100 33.9 34.0 34.2 34.4 34.5 34.7 3478 35.0 35.2. 35.3 2200 35.5 35.6 35.8 36.0 36.1 36.3 36.4 36.6 36.8 36.9 2300 S787 Wik SG B17 "37.9", S81 “Se2 Sel. - 38.5 2400 3857 38.9. 39.0 39.2 39.4 39.5 39.7 39.8 40.0 40.2 2500 Og) LOGS ey HO.6 PAO. H1,0'. MEISE. “8963. “UI: “Bie -4758 2600 Hie Se Neat Pea AO HOG. 7 a Wa. SRST 2700 43.5 43.7 43.9 44.0 44.2 44.4 44.5 44.7 44.8 45.0 2800 45.2 45.3 45.5 45.6 45.8 46.0 46.1 46.3 46.4 46.6 2900 46.8 46.9 47.1 47.3 47.4 47.6 47.7 47.9 48.1 48.2 3000 48.4 48.5 48.7 48.9 49.0 49.2 49.4 49.5 49.7 49.8 NOTE: Conversion of values not given directly in the tables are derived by addition. 99 TABLE 38 Silicon Conversion from micrograms per liter of Si to microgram—atoms per liter of Si (1 ug of Si = 0.0356049 ug-atom Si) Micrograms per Titer of Si 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Micrograms per Liter of Si 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 EXAMPLE I: Assume an initial value of 4200. Since this value lies within the range 1000 ~ 8900, use lower portion of above table. Enter left hand column at 4000, proceed horizontally to the right to column headed 200, and read 150. EXAMPLE II: Assume an initial value of 4180. Since this value is not recorded explicitly in the table, the conversion can be made by one of two methods: TABLE 38 (Cont'd) Silicon (1) Interpolation between 4100 and 4200 to nearest whole number, 149: or (2) Since 4180 = 4100 + 80, find 146 corresponding to 4100 and 003 corresponding to 80. Add 146 and 003 to get 149, 101 TABLE 39 Silicon Dioxide Conversion from micrograms per liter of Si05 to microgram-atoms per liter of $i0,-Si (1 ng of S10, = 0.016643 ng-atom of Si) Micrograms per Liter of sid, 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Micrograms per Liter or Sid, 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 102 TABLE 40 Silicate Conversion from milligrams per liter of SiO, to microgram-atoms per liter of Si0,-Si (1 milligram of Si0, = 13.1433 microgram-atoms of Si0,-Si) Milligrams per Liter of Sid, 0.0 Oz Oly ORS 0.4 On5 0.6 O27 0.8 0.9 103 APPENDIX 1 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA FORM FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC STATIONS ESPECIALLY PREPARED FOR THE INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION BY THE NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER WASHINGTON 25, D.C. COUNTRY SURFACE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION (MASTER CARD) == LONGITUDE MARSDEN TIME GMT SHIP'S SHIP'S * DEPTH TO coum | sr | = SQUARE CRUISE NO STATION NO BOTTOM (M) INSTITI Ga Ls | aa [35 | 36 | 37 STITUTE VESSEL PROCESSING NOS. NO. CONSEC NO. BAR. (MBS) CRUISE OR PROJECT NO. cot sa] ss | 56 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 SUBSURFACE OBSERVATIONS— (DETAIL CARDS) MESSENGER PO, —P Torai—p_ | NO, —N NO j—N $10 ,—Si TEMP. °C SAL. oe a. a OPTIONAL CHEMISTRY 25 26 27)28 29 30 31 34 35 37 |38 39 40 41 Psi 5253 | 52 54 55 56 |57 58 S59 }60 61 62 [63 64 65 | 66 67 68 aa 70 SPECIFY OPTIONAL ITEMS OR SPECIAL CODES =e) MASTER OBSERVED 333/33 Pe ys RSC S]faa los 3333 4444 444/44 eile An ACTA 55 5}55 5 5/5 5]5 5) 5.5.5 5)5)5 5 5 5/5 6 6 6/6 6)6 6 6/6 6/6 6 6 6 6 6/6/6 6 6 6/6 STANDARD 7177;77)/7 71)7 1/7 [time] ocerh [ rewe [ sac | sicwa-r | Stove | oy SP vou or verrH utetel wel fle | ye TH ruse | min | aNowacy | anouutr 8 8 8/8 8/8 8 8/8 8/8 8/8 8/8/8 8 8 8/8/8 8 8 88/8 8 8 8/8/8 BB 8/8 BB 8/8 B 8/8888 8 8/888 BBB B 888 BBB 8B AIR TEMP [* ¥ Iciou0| SPECIAL |BODC PROCESSING HOS 2 a i Remeber aa para [ETs|z|_o8s aa 0/0/0 0 0/0 0/0/0 0 0/0 0/0 Oj0 0 0 0/0 00 0 ao 9/10 11 12]13 14]15]16 17 18]19 20}21 22] 279 24) 42 43}44 45) $0 51} 76 77 78 79) bitiuauii Vat ayt ayy 11 1111 222/22 22/2 2/2 2 2 22 2)2 2)2 2 22 2222 FT eS) OBSERVED 5555 a PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARD = NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER OPTIONAL 6666 STANDARD 9 9/9}9 9 9/9 9)9/9 9 9/9 9/9 9/9 919 9/9)9 9 9 9/9/99 9 9/9/99 9 9/9/99 9 919999199 9199999919999/99999999 91999 elaine lenaal 21 22129 2425 26127178 29 30 2/)32139 34 35 36127128 35 40 4 l4z/43 44 45 46147 48 49 SOLS] S2 S54 55 56 57 SB Sal60 61 62 E3164 65 66 67 G8 69 70.71 22173 74 751 15M 033802 GENERAL REMARKS OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARD PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA *IF MORE THAN 3 DIGITS. USE SPECIAL OBS. FIELD 105 NODC-EXP-3167/12 (2-6 2) ae