NPS 68-79-003 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California The Oceanographic Crui se of the USCGC GLACIER to the Marg i nal Sea- Ice Zone of th e Chukchi Sea -- MIZPAC 78 Robert G. Paquette and Robert H. Bourke May 1979 Interim Repo rt for Period Ju W 1978 - May 1979 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited Prepared for: Director, Arctic Submarine Laboratory Naval Ocean Systems Center c~ Diego, CA 92152 FEDDOCS D 208.14/2: NPS-68-79-003 I DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY ^ * MtML POSTGRADUATE SCKXH ^ S MONTEREY, a 93940 § % tm NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California Rear Admiral Tyler F. Dedman Jack R. Borsting Superintendent Provost The work reported herein was supported in part by the Arctic Submarine Laboratory, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, California under Project Order Nos . 00002 and 00004. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized. This report was prepared bv Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("When Data Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER NPS 68-79-003 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) The Oceanographic Cruise of the U5CGC GLACIER to the Marginal Sea- Ice Zone of the Chukchi Sea- Mi ZPAC 78 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED I nter im !*♦ July 1978-2 May 1979 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER NPS 68-79-003 7. AUTHORC*; Robert G. Paquette and Robert H. Bourke 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*.) N6600W8-P0-00002 N66001-79-P0-0000^ 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 939^0 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS Element:62758N;WorK:MR015't9A0M Project: ZF52-555 T*«;k- 7F^?-555-nni II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS Arctic Submarine Laboratory Code 5^, Bldg 371, Naval Ocean System Center San Diego, CA 92152 12. REPORT DATE May 1979 13. NUMBER OF PAGES U. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 6. ADDRESSf// different from Controlling Office) tS. SECURITY CLASS, (of this report) UNCLASS 15a. OECLASSIFI CATION/ DOWN GRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, It different from Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse aide It necessary and Identity by block number) Marginal Sea- Ice Zone Ml ZPAC Thermal Fi nes tructure CTD Chukchi Sea Salinity Spiking Arctic Ocean Oceanography Fronts Mi cros tructure 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side It necessary and Identity by block number) This report presents the data and briefly describes the oceanographic results of the cruise of the USCGC GLACIER to the marginal sea-ice zone of the Chukchi Sea during the period l h to 28 July 1978. A brief analysis is presented which shows yearly recurring ice bays presumed to be due to bathymetric steering of warm currents. The relationship of upper and lower level temperature fronts to each other and their association with temperature f inestructure is described. Plots of temperature, salinity, density (a ) DD i jan 73 1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE S/N 0102-014- 6601 | i Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) Unclassified „LCU**1TY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfltTun Data Entered) and sound speed are presented for each station. A detailed discussion of salinity spike removal and data editing routines changed since the last report is presented in Appendix A. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfWhan Data Enfrod) TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 I I . GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1 III. DATA 3 IV. RESULTS 3 V. REFERENCES 13 APPENDIX A. DESPIKING AND DATA EDITING APPENDIX B. EXPLANATION OF HEADING CODES APPENDIX C. HEADING DATA FOR MIZPAC 78 STAT! APPENDIX D. PROPERTY PROFILES FOR MIZPAC 78 )k ONS STATIONS 19 20 29 I ! LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Station plot of MIZPAC 78. k Figure 2A. Computer-drawn, expanded-scal e station plot of 6 MIZPAC 78. Figure 2B. Computer-drawn, expanded-scale station plot of 7 MIZPAC 78. Figure 3- Temperature-salinity cross-section for Crossing No. 2. 8 Figure k. Schematic of upper level currents inferred from the ice 9 melt-back pattern, temperature core analysis, and bottom bathymetry. Figure 5. Distribution and intensity of f i nes tructure during 10 MIZPAC 78. Figure 6. Nested profiles of temperature from Stations *+l 12 through kS illustrating the intense f i nestructure found within the center of the western embayment. Figure 7- Property profiles from four MIZPAC 78 stations 16 prior to editing to remove noise and temperature induced salinity spikes. Figure 8. Property profiles from the same stations in Figure 7 17 after edi ti ng . i i i THE OCEANOGRAPHIC CRUISE OF USCGC GLACIER TO THE MARGINAL SEA- ICE ZONE OF THE CHUKCHI SEA MIZPAC 78 by Robert G. Paquette and Robert H. Bourke Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 939^0 I. INTRODUCTION This report presents the data and briefly describes the oceanoqraph i c results of the cruise of USCGC GLACIER into the region of the sea-ice margin of the Chukchi Sea during the period 1 h July to 28 July 1978 as part of the program designated MIZPAC 78. The primary objective of the cruise was to find and characterize f inestructure in the vertical temperature profiles and to discover its horizontal distribution and causes. This is the sixth cruise devoted to this general problem. Other cruises in 1971, 1972, and 197^ were reported by Paquette and Bourke (1973, 1976), 1975 by Zuberbuhler and Roeder (1976), and 1977 by Graham (1978) and Paquette and Bourke (1978). An analysis of the MIZPAC 78 data has been performed by Small (1979). I I . GENERAL DISCUSSION The scientific group boarded GLACIER at Nome, Alaska by helicopter on ]h July. The scientists and their affiliations were: Dr. John Newton, Naval Ocean Systems Center, Chief Scientist Dr. Robert G. Paquette, Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Dr. Robert H. Bourke, NPS LT W. R. Lohrman, USN, Student at NPS LT W. E. Small, USN, Student at NPS LT P. Pad ilia, Ecuadorian Navy, Student at NPS The measurements made were salinity and temperature profiles throughout the entire water column at 130 stations, using the Applied Physics Laboratory- University of Washington (APL-UW) portable, hand-lowered CTD. One hundred and six stations were occupied from the drifting ship while 2k lowerings were made from a hovering helicopter. The helicopter lowerings were a useful adjunct as they could be used to extend survey lines relatively quickly. They were especially useful in the ice where reduced icebreaker speed would have caused delays. However, the helicopter is so restricted to periods of good visibility that it is difficult to plan its use. Also, only four stations typically can be occuppied during one flight. The lowering rate of the CTD from the ship was about lm sec ' resulting in a data rate of approximately three points per meter. Lowering from the helicopter was usually faster. The CTD was checked systematically with Nansen bottles lowered on a second wire. Prior to leaving each station, the temperature and salinity were plotted utilizing a Hewlett-Packard 9100 series computer/plotter system. These rough plots were used to make immediate assessments of the presence of f i nestructure and to aid in the decision of where to make the next few stations. They also became valuable when it was later discovered that due to a variety of problems some digital data could not be recovered from the cassette tapes. Cross-sections of temperature were constructed along transects normal and parallel to the ice front to aid in the identifi- cation of fronts. Navigation was by visual piloting and radar when within range of land. The navigation satellite system was the principal position locater when well away from land, but due to equipment malfunctions most station positions were determined by the Omega system, considered to have an accuracy in these waters of +_ 5 km. Current measurements were intended to be made for periods up to an hour using a Savonius type meter moored just above the sea floor and with the ice breaker lying to in the near vicinity. This procedure was adopted due to previous experience wherein over-the-s ide measurements were rendered nearly useless due to deviation of the magnetic direction sensor by the ship's iron. However, due to poor seamanship, the initial attempt at mooring the current meter caused it to be fouled in the screws. The meter was recovered but the prospect of continuing so risky and time- consuming an operation appeared unprofitable and no further moorings were made. Dissolved oxygen and gas samples for carbon dioxide and methane were drawn at three stations: outside the ice, in a region of intense fine- structure, and behind the ice. Samples were drawn from depths above, below, and within a lens of temperature fi nestructure. The gas samples were analyzed through the courtesy of Dr. John Kelley of the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory. Neither the oxygen nor the gas samples revealed any salient features characteristic of fi nestructure activity. If there is a correlation, much more intensive sampling would be required to demonstrate it. The original cruise plan was oriented toward sampling in the relatively unstudied western Chukchi Sea. However, denial of permission to go west of the Treaty Line forced a last-minute change of plans to one similar to MIZPAC 77- More emphasis now was to be put on phenomena in the ice bays and near the branches of current streams to attempt to confirm the hypotheses regarding fronts expressed in Graham (1978). The first half of the cruise proceded routinely, concentrating on measurements in and near the large western embayment seen in Figure 1. Observations had to be terminated after Station 58 when the ship had to depart for Barrow to pick up engine spares. The ship had been limited to operations on one or two engines from the outset. From 23 July onward the ship operated in close proximity to Barrow, again mostly on one engine. Subject to these constraints, ice margin crossings and transects of the Alaskan Coastal Current were made, avoiding areas of moderate to heavy ice conditions. I I 1 DATA The CTD was standardized by means of a Nansen bottle lowered on a second wire to a depth just above the sea floor. Fourty four such comparisons were in suff iciently unchang i ng water for temperature standardization and kO for salinity. Two CTD systems were employed; their error statistics are shown in the following table: Mean Error (Nansen- CTD #3 CTD ttk Standard Deviation CTD #3 CTD #k CTD) Temperature -0.012°C -0.045°C ±0.0140°C ±0.0358°C Sal i ni ty +0.007%o -0.007%o ±O.Ol84%o ±0.020^%o The CTD records its data on a cassette which is eventually transferred to a seven-track tape by APL-UW for data editing and analysis at NPS. Modifications required this year to the computerized editing routine, described in some detail in the MIZPAC 77 report (Paquette and Bourke, 1978), are presented in Appendix A. Noise problems were considerably more significant and complex this year requiring a modification of the noise removal subroutine. Also, the despiking subroutine was altered to make it more logical, as indicated in Appendix A. Heading data for each station are listed in Appendix C. These contain station position and number, date/time of CTD lowering, water depth, type of navigation, wind, wave, and air temperature data, etc. Appendix B is an explanation of the codes used in Appendix C. Plotting routines were used to display property profiles for each station: temperature, salinity, sound speed, and density (at)- These are compactly plotted four stations per page and displayed in Appendix D. Stations taken in the deep water of the Barrow Canyon are shown two per page. The helicopter stations are plotted separately at the end of Appendix D. Plots of 4 stations do not appear in Appendix D, but their property profiles are available from the original "at sea" plots. Due to sensor malfunctions the data from five helicopter stations were unrecoverable. IV. RESULTS The array of stations occupied is shown in Figure 1 together with an ice-margin position based principally upon observations made at the times stations were occupied. The ice-margin is thus not a single synoptic view, 73° 66° N 56° W Figure 1. Station plot of MIZPAC 78. The position of the ice margin at the time of observation is also shown. The location of temperature-salinity cross-sections constructed by Small (1979) are indicated by the solid lines between stations. Only Crossing No. 2 is shown in this report. but a progressively distorted one which is more useful in describing ice-related phenomena. Synoptic views are also available. Figure 2 is a computer-drawn, expanded view of the cruise track partitioned into an eastern and a western section. Figure 1, taken from Small (1979) also shows transects for which temperature and salinity cross-sections have been constructed. Only Crossing 2 is shown in this report. As seen in Figure 3, Crossing 2 cuts across the warm current branch that flows northwestward to Herald Canyon. The warm water of the central Chukchi is isolated from the colder waters below by an extremely sharp thermocline, of the order of 5° to 7° C/m. The warm water extends within 5 km of the ice causing a sharp upper-layer front to be formed in both temperature and salinity. Because the warm water from the south is the principal agent in melting the ice, an upper-layer front close to the ice is a widespread phenomenon of the MIZ. Even more striking in Figure 3 is the lower-layer front, coincident or nearly so with the upper-layer front. This frontal situation has also been observed in 1975 and 1977 in almost the same geographic position and ice edge pattern. Although four coincident fronts were found in MIZPAC 78, these have been rarely observed on other cruises perhaps because we did not sample in the areas conducive to their formation. All of these coincident fronts are associated with regions of slow ice-edge recession where the upper and lower-layer currents from the south are assumed to flow more or less parallel to the ice edge and the lateral current shear to erode away the cold, relict under-ice water which otherwise would extend out beyond the ice edge. Other coincident fronts were observed at Crossings 8, 9, and ]k (Figure 1). Contrary to previous findings, f i nestructure is found south of this coincident front but at such large distances from the ice as to suggest some other cause than simple interleaving of transition water and northern bottom water. The large ice embayment seen in Figure 1 centered at 166° W is an annual feature observed in all the MIZPAC cruises. Figure h and Crossings 5 through 8 indicate that the embayment is melted out by a jet-like core of warm water. The current pattern of Figure h has been derived from the ice melt-back pattern and the sea floor bathymetry. Because this embayment recurs year after year in nearly the same geographic position, we believe that bathymetric steering of the warm southern water down the 25 fathom trouah must account for its formation. In addition to the western embayment, other examples of bathymetric steering are evident. The ice melt-back pattern and temperature cross-sections indicate that the Alaskan Coastal Current bifurcates at topographic junctures (Figure k) to cause the large embayment northwest of Barrow and the smaller embayment west of Wainwright. This was the first year that observations were taken within the embayment; previously we had tended to sample along its periphery. Figure 5, which shows the distribution of f inestructure coded according to Table |, indicates rather large areas of moderate to strong fi nestructure. An example of this f i nestructure is shown in Figure 6 as nested temperature profiles taken along the axis of the embayment. These and all other f i nestructure areas were located in the region of transition water between the northern and southern bottom water. 72°N t70 Figure 2A. Computer-drawn, expanded-sca 1< station plot of MIZPAC 78. 157° W Figure 2B. Computer-drawn, expanded-scale station plot of MIZPAC 78. o CO CM o Tl- CM CO .c CO 4-J • — co T3 o •M C CM O CO CM 2 CO CS in o c o CM o O zz. 4-> c ro ■M 00 vr> O vi c — CO i/i CO 0 CO TJ 1_ 2 c <_> 4-i ro CO 1_ -O o O o CO CD M- i/> — ■ — 4-1 C C IT) o O C •— »- o 4-1 q_ — O _ O 4-> E CO in 1- CO CO 4-1 i >- l/l in CO UJ to — c o O CO z < 1- co i_ L. CO o o CO 5 CM 3 *J ■ >- O CO 4J — -O Q #_ o o c CO in i CO per and evident i_ CL CO 3 3 u +J 3 o CO CO 4-> CO 1- -C o CO 4-> 3 Q. u E <4- 4-> CO O in r- CO co c o o — CD • C M- co CO -o co CO — -C l_ O 4-< 13 c o en — T3 t •— O C u_ O ro o CM O O o m O CD O CM CO (SU313W) H±d3Q - 70° 69° 68° 7-18 JULY 25 JULY 67° 66°N Vj6°VJ Figure h. Schematic of upper level currents inferred from the ice melt-back pattern, temperature core analysis, and bottom bathymetry. Bottom contours are in fathoms. The solid and dashed lines indicate the position of the ice edge from aerial and satellite observations on 17—18 July and 25 July 1978, respectively. 73° -66°N l i i i. ..i I 60° 158° 156°W Figure 5- Distribution and intensity of fine- structure during MIZPAC 78. Symbols are described i n Table 1 . TABLE I FINESTRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM SYMBOL CATEGORY PEAK-TO-PEAK FLUCTUATION Open circle Non existent <0.2°C Circle with dot Weak 0.2 to 0.5°C Circle with cross Moderate 0.5 to 1 .0°C Solid circle Strong More than 1.0°C Open tab on circle Nose w/o structure Solid tab on circle Nose with structure 11 00 CM CO ID a. Or CO f» IT) o «" a. 2 L.J d »- S d * I m to O * I 00 _ d * I x: ai l_ D 0) o 4-> l_ c sz a) 4-> o , — OJ J" SZ 4-1 10 c c o — • — sz 4-1 4-> 03 .— 4-1 2 CO "O E c O 3 L. o 4- 4- E c <4- 14- o OJ l/l in • — 4-1 c M- c QJ o — E l_ >- Q. OJ 03 X -Q •o 4-> E OJ CD in C c Qj .— L. z 4-> OJ 03 +-J 1_ in • 4-> in 2 OJ •— 0) i_ F— x: D • — 4-1 CT) • — LA 4- Ll_ -3" o o o o t (SU313W) Hld3a 12 Thoroughly systematic exploration for fronts and f i nes tructure in the extreme eastern Chukchi was inhibited by ice breaker limitations, i.e., the ship was reduced to short daily excursions on one screw. Nevertheless, f inestructure was found northwest and east of Barrow. The deepest structure to date was found at Station 77 over the Barrow Canyon. It shows intense structure in the band between 80 and 100 m undoubtedly formed on the margins of the Alaskan Coastal Current where it has submerged in the Barrow Canyon. The notable lack of f i nes tructure in the embayment northwest of Barrow, in contrast to the plentiful structure found under similar conditions the previous year (Graham, 1978), may have occurred because the ship did not sample the near-ice areas where f i nestructure activity could be expected. Readers interested in further detail are referred to Small (1979). Further analyses based upon the entire series of MIZPAC cruises are in progress and will be published in the near future. V. REFERENCES Graham, G.P. (1978). Fi nestructure, fronts, and currents in the Pacific marginal sea-ice zone -- MIZPAC 77, Masters Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Tech. Rpt. NPS 68-78-006. Paquette, R. G. and R. H. Bourke (1973)- Oceanograph i c measurements near the Arctic ice margins, Tech. Report NPS-58PA731 21 A, Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey. Paquette, R. G. and R. H. Bourke (1976). Oceanog raph i c investigations of the marginal sea-ice zone of the Chukchi Sea - MIZPAC 197**, Tech. Report NPS-58PA76051 , Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey. Paquette, R. G. and R. H. Bourke (1978). The oceanograph i c cruise of the USCGC BURTON ISLAND to the marginal sea-ice zone of the Chukchi Sea -- MIZPAC 77, Tech. Report NPS-68-78-001 , Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey. Small, W. E. (1979)- Fi nes tructure, fronts, and currents in the Pacific marginal sea-ice zone -- MIZPAC 78, Masters Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Tech. Rpt. NPS 68-79-002. Zuberbuhler, W. J. and J. A. Roeder (1976). Oceanography, mesostructure and currents of the Pacific marginal sea-ice zone - MIZPAC 75, Masters Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Tech. Report NPS-58PA76091 13 APPENDIX A DESPI KING AND DATA EDITING Introduction and Modification to the NOISE Routine. A few changes were made in the data-editing routines described by Paquette and Bourke (1978) partly to make the despiking routine more logical and partly to handle the manifold increase in the number of widely aberrant data points this year. A consequence of the latter situation is that two bad points could be adjacent. This destroyed the only reliable criterion useable for automatic noise rejection: that a noise spike differ from the preceding point by more than some minimum and that the curve return to the vicinity of the projected curve within some maximum tolerance onthe next following point. It also led to some serious feedback problems which it is unimportant to describe here. Low-level noise was more prevalent this year and Noise Spike-j not uncommonly failed to be recognized because the j + 1 -th point was outside the projection through points j-2 and j-1 by more than the usually accepted tolerance. The noise-rejection routine was modified to partly handle these problems but considerable human inspection and intervention was required to get the bad points out of the data. Modification of the Despiking Routine. Previously, we had combined in a lag constant, k , the effects due to digital sampling lag, physical displacement of the sensors from each other and the flushing lag of the conductivity cell. This was reasonably satisfactory. Although the first two effects are similar in nature, the third can be treated as similar to the first two only if all the change in electrical conductivity is due to temperature. When the salinity changes rapidly, this cannot be true and some error in the correction must result. This difficulty was removed be deriving a correction from the slope of the conductivity curve. The new correction procedure is as follows. 1. Correct the thermometer for a time constant, k , (about 0.05 sec on the down trace) by the equation T = T + k dWdt where T is the corrected temperature, T is the observed temperature, ky is the time constant and t is time. The correction usually is small 2. Correct for the fact that the conductivity is sampled before the temperature and that there is a small physical vertical displacement between the two sensors. Bring the thermometer into effective coincidence with the cell by the algorithm TLG. = (l-LG)T. + LG • T. . J J J-1 where TLG is the corrected temperature and LG is a lag constant approximating 0.30 but varying from about 0.17 to 0.5- 14 3. Calculate the temperature of some thermal mass in the conductivity cell which is buffered from TLG by a thermal resistance corresponding to a time constant K , approximately 5 sec. Call this temperature T . c 4. Add fraction F of T - TLG to TLG to obtain the effective cell temperature, TEF. F varies from about 0.06 to 0.22. 5. Correct the conductivity ratio, c, as though the cell had a time constant rather than a length constant (assuming constant lowering rate) by the equation i i c = c + k dc /dt c in analogy to temperature. Here, k approximates 0.20 sec. 6. Use the corrected conductivity ratio from Step 5 and the temperature from Step 4 to recompute the salinity and the derived variables, sound velocity and sigrna-t. We used the Northwest Regional Calibration Center equations, although recent work indicates that a much simpler difference equation would be adequate. While we feel that the results of this procedure are better than last year's, this is difficult to prove because the constants are not fixed. They vary, probably mostly due to differences in lowering rates. Good correction still depends upon ski 11 in adjusting the constants and it is not much easier to do so this year than last year. Some Examples Some appreciation of the data editing task may be had by examining the plotted data before editing for one group of stations in comparison with the final edited results. Figure 7 shows Stations 11B, 14, 15 and 17B before editing and Figure 8 the same stations afterward. The excursions to wild points have been stopped at the graph frame. The number of wild points is fairly typical of most of the stations. However, one feature not seen in most of the stations is the distortions due to the ship's roll which may be seen in Stations 14 and 15. Loops due to rolling of the ship are visible in the temperature and salinity traces in the unedited data. They are more notable in the salinity. This is a situation in which despiking is not very successful because the spikes are due to changes in the lowering rate and some complex behavior of the thermometer, cell and pressure sensor. The cell quickly shows the effects of self-heating when stalled and the time constant of the cell increases at slowflushing rates. Pressure sensor hysteresis would be an additional complication. On the other hand, the dominant spike due to the sharp temperature transient, which is seen most easily in Station 14, is efficiently removed. CJLJI— <_) CJU.J • \CDQ_ LD i^^MIZPRC 78 C.'T.-D. STATIONS c\j oo en co zf LO CWLDCT) c\jzr rvjco u . O to • — CD i_ ^ Q. .— CL CO LO c O >- •— •M +-> •— TO c +-> • — to •— ra 1/1 CO r-^ "O CD o O < 3 Q_ -O M C ^— • — SI CD l_ 1_ 3 3 O ■M 4- CO 1_ E 0) O Cl i_ E 4- a) ■M CD "U !—• C • — ro 4- O 0) l_ in Cl •— O > c ■M U CD cd > CL O O F L, CD 0_ J_ O • 4-1 r^ cn cd c i_ • — 3 *-> ai .— • — TJ u. CD uiuiin DEPTH ( M ) 16 I J CJ h- CJ UUJ . \cna_cD i^'SMIZPRC 7 8 C. T D. STATIONS c\j oo cn oo in cwuicd C\Jz^C\J0O o (AJCOCOOO zr f\jmcn oj zrcvicn o oo t— > cncocni— u OJ •M 4- 3 >> OJ JO L. in to 4-1 +J 1/1 0) E 0J (0 1 — in -Q - 03 m CD u c -C OJ • — 4-' XI ro — E E in 0) 0 c u !_ 0 «4- 0 1 — (/) in .— 0) • — 4-1 in .— j-> 14- C ^ 0 OJ in s_ F= 4-1 Q. OJ U > >■ O 14- 4-J L. 14- 1_ Q. OJ OJ F Q_ • — L. O cu S_ OJ X> Q_ jC i_ OO h- O 0) cn J= OJ c cn L. .— .— 3 4-1 JZ cn ■— .— ■a O Li_ 0^-f^.oO-O.OCncOlMr\leMCMU*>0 r—cor— of"-h->~-mmuimr-r>-o>r^r- r~ >ju in m m i-"" cm o m oo oo r^ -o -o o o o <\i .£> *o -o m _; ouo>u<^.r^f>-ODco>om"0.ocr,0'«-«tt>oocor-OLn<^ooouo ^'•-■•-«t-lt-l>H^tf-lf-lOOOOO^4t-4t-)^-l ■ri'in^iini»rienenfnrnenrnencnoOoOOoOO IN(MrtMfJrtrtHrf^N(MNIMwi*,Ni--$'mencni'n^.^ f\ifMr\irnfnrninencnrnc«ienoooo!->ooo OOVJOOOOOOOOOOOO^OOO NNNiHHHNNmNNlMNN •*J O rM OU CO GQ 00 *JU 0U CO UU ^4 < CD < cr < CO < CD '_> «1 1-t CM m * in -n r- r- CO cr> o o r* -^ CM en en en -* 1/1 t- a a o O O O o o o o ^ -H ^H ~4 H — ■ t -H —> -< —> l/l a o o o o o O a o o o O o r> O a O o O o or i (\j CO CM f~- -O CM cm i^ en CM r- •T o> ~o 0D in CO CM en CD CO o ^ CM O en ■o yO a> CM -.t in r- 00 i-H CM CM en *n tr- — i !-l CM CM o o CJ O o »-l —t -H wi ^ CM O o (_> o o a CD 00 ai 00 00 a) CO 00 en 00 00 00 00 en CO 00 en CD CO 00 >- h- r- l»> f^ r~- p- r- r- r- r- r- r^ r- r- f- r^ h r- r- e- >■ o in in in in vO -o -0 •£> vO -0 -O *o ~o •o •JD r^ r~ r- r~ r— n f^ r- r- r~ r» r~ r- f- r- h- C- e- r- r-- r~ r- r- f~ r- r- X o o o o o o o o o o o o C3 o o O o o o o o en en CO en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en m l/> en en CO en en CI en en en en c> e<> ( o o o in in in o in ") J- * CM CM «H •o in in cr u i in in o o r> in in m in in .£ — i CM en ■* in ^ r *J- -t •J- •T 0 .0 *o -o ~t) o -o vO o ~0 -o -o ■o -O vD OP r~ <-J m o -o -o *0 •c r» in in in in CM in in in o a 1- •-! cM ■o o- en CM ~* ~4 CM -r CM CM CM CM cr CM CM CM •* -r < -*■ 0 +o -0 o •o >u •o ~u -O ~o , _i -J —1 -J -1 _l _i -1 j _l -i -i -j -J -j _l -J J _i T 3 cj '5 (J o CD o o o o tfl CJ o CJ 1J CJ •s> 'J o o CO niniroro^^ro^^iftitOc^ft^mmmfomrnf^ 21 xxxoxxxxxxxxxon-oxr-'- •i--»->*-.-i.*.*--»-«fr«l--*-.*-4-«l-f"i<-<.*c\|.*-1-iM ir\ni(*»«\*«M»«,*>-o>oi^cor-or- <\JCT>0*(Mf^Mf^ •0<*>m>0'4-»\ii-«fM>j-ir>iri'O,o,0'^cr«°>or»r- QOOoOO*4v4vl*4>4»4»«i>lftv4i-' ■0-4"-*>*''*mmf<>«*if\j'*,<'r>Jfris*i'>>*' ^■rtr->^ooo^f*-i'>'4"rnfO(^Jmr«-oooo ©00»*•-lrc|^\J<\lHt-i>H^0v40ft>-i*,IT10000<->0000000 MNNnMNN^MNNimNNNKINfIIMN < I ■-•^0'0^*•«-4<^l^-^«^»■»^^)^.c00>O»*<\|W^- 1/5 OOOOOOotJ^OOOOOOOOOOO a • • • • . , X <\i>o>oo*-i(*i~<ocoo ,-tl-Jr4r4(M-j.-4i-t~4*4fSj ck cogocogOcooogocogococogococococococogogo > r-t^r^t— t».r-r'-h-r-r—r»r^r-r-r--r-r»f«-r~'r-- > r*f^h-f— fwh-r^OOGOGDOOODoOGOGOOOGOoOGOGO c ^-r^r-r-^r-r^t-i'-r-r'-r-^r-r^t^r^i^r-r- j- oooooooooooooooooooo I IMNIMIMlMNNIMNNNIMNNNNNmNN mooooooooooo^ioo-ooooooo Z >T-»--4--T**-*> O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I _j eocoaoGOcocoGOcocOGOco^GOOooOcor*-^^.^ o<->oooo«nroomooDc>-*oom(\io''> _i llllllilll I I I | I I I I- I a. -< —i— J — i_j— J— i i— j_j-j i i— <_j^j_j i_j i p ui u. in —j nifTif^oor3<»i^40'MmcMoot^Osoioinm-T(*>f'>r~r~-o>r\-o<»'c\i -OsD^i-o^)vO,oo~o-o^)mminvi-mrnrg^ipj ■*>*-m>*"-<""*"'rirofnOtTio4-r~-coeooa*r"-u^if»or-oooin<\j 1/1 l/> O t- o t-lrMJ(\Jt-<(\JCM(\J(v|r4t-40O0>->0 O">oo0>-*,o>a)coococ»u"iin>-«>ooootr\o »4<oooqo<-> «M«Mi-iojf-i«MPJjvr>j(M(\|PslcMr<|fO«MCM(\irjr>i < a. a. Q < CD < m-Of—"*'ir\-OOr»-- COO<0''J><',0Nl7>tJ,aOvON0>0>0,0«00000 o i»-f>-r-i>-f-r"-r'-'~-f-r~r--r»r--f^r'-f-r«-f-r-r>- s: 00000000000000000000 X nimnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn omoooooo^ooooooooooao O mr»i'*Jif\u»mr>|ioooo,'1inlf>00>*'OOtrco z (Ti(Mcn(»i(»lrof'>(\i«MrHi-t1'>in<,>J o 1 1 1 1 1 I I r 1 1 . I I I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 _j ^r^.-o^-O-o-o^o^j-o-O'O-O'^-oooco^oinin _3 .4 — 1 -* — > — 1 ~l — ' c-l »* -< -! -< —! -I <-" .-I -H — « .-< mcr(MOCM"OOiroooooo I— u,fOir\i-l'Ufri.0e\J-0iAOO-<<\jo,>rri.om"0 mcncocicnmogjgir-xxxxxooooo o i «-^ cm »^ m u i *-i ,-j r-3 *-a *-^ »-s *— » o »~i **■ -r on -4- »- > crcot*»ro*r.a-coa>c\iMr^-j-.4-CMCM|-*H s|-g3,*,-ir-f»..*-»J-g3'©r"-Oinm>Ogjg3Cf>c'l-*" mr-moo,r,incnmcMfM>*-inmrooN«*'*<'C'ioo>o OOOOOOOOoOOftOOCMCflcnOCMCM ^O<->000i-li-<0OO0OOOO00OO lAOOoOOfOrOOOOOOOOOoOOO OO^OOOOOOOVJOOOOOOOOO Of«piooooOf\ir>Jv-'ooooc,oo < O- tvl s: X 0U r-- (M eg t- CO m -r -r 0. o O O o o CM CM < ec < a- o> o m m 4 o o o o -I o o O t> cr o <-> ^ N N ri in in in o —: -" O o N + m o en cm cm 8 s r- oo o o ir> o qo a- oo co r- i>- r- r- o o o *-* N N N (M co co co r- o ro ft cm cm o co co ao co •*- t- I"- r- w i^ ffl m IN N IM rg r- t» r» O O o co co I- r~ cm rsi co oo or cm cm cm cm CM f\J CO QO 00 •C ■£> <3 CM CM CM ao co oo co •O -O -o o cm cm *m cm oo oo gj -o cm n •o -o -o * CM m in in in in m m CM H ** 1 1 CM 1 1 t 1 1 in 1 in 1 m m in 1 m 1 I CM 1 CM 1 1 1 1 'J>t3t9t3'5t90(JOOOU)0 cAcOcc>fOcnfocncornnifrii»ifr>fornr'1ioror-xxxxp- co >o joa' >-S_|.-l>-li-l-*,*,Hi-l,-l^_<_l1-!_|.-l,*_l.-IO o.4--4-mrMrM4-rMrMm**-rnmro^rotnm orommrnmromcM(\j(Mrvji^tt^i-t^t-ir\i o l/> Q CD > 1 a a OOoOOOOOOOOUfM«Mc>Joooo-«o-o,-> I I II NNwIMflNHrlFlMMNNNNOiNpiNIN < a. IM CM O >o a* o CM o cm -H ni i-e ~H OO < 00 a o o p- o .-l p- o rg p- o CO p- O p- o in p- o P- o p- p- O CD P- P- O a co o CO CM CD O CO CO o CO in CO o -0 CO o 00 o CO CO o i 0"> in p- o CO «M o CM in CO in 00 p- ro oo 0 in o O p- p- O C7> O CO in P- o 00 o o —1 en w-> «4 -0 oo o CM CM CM CM o s CM or V en r- CD p- CD p- CD P- 00 p- CO r- CO p- CD P- 00 p- CO r- CD P- co p- 00 p- 00 p- 00 p- CO p- CO p- CO p- CO p- CO P- > CM CM cm CM 4- cm CM m CM in CM m CM in CM m CM tn CM in CM in CM in CM m CM m CM •o CM •o CM CM o p- o p- o p- o p- o p- O r- o P- O P- o p- o P- p- o o P- O P- O P- O P- o P- O P- o p- o P- O o l/> CD -O rvi CD sO CSJ CD O cm CD o CM CO CM CD -D CM CO ■o CM CO •o oo -o CM CO •o CM 00 PJ CO CM CD -O CM 00 -o PJ •o CM o CM CM o> ^0 CM ~D CM C7- -o CM o o o o a O in •H o o o o O CO o o o O O o z CD —> O o CM HI 00 rri o in o in o in oo ~4 CO •*• p- m CM •o in rM CM m o CM IP ■4- p- in CM O CM •O in 1 p- m P- in P- m 1 p- m in in 1 P- m 1 r- in p- m 1 co m 1 00 in in 1 o> in 1 o -o 1 o o 1 O r- p- p- p- p- P- p- p- p- r- p- p- r- p- p- p- p- p- p- p- _l 'J _l CD o 13 1-3 -j o -I -1 o -j J o -j pii^cororocOrOfOcOrocorocorOroP'rocOi'irO 25 r~l^<0-Or4—i^~4t--P-4>C4-0'0-Gr*'iM ,or--r-r^r~-aDa'Oo*cocnvOr*icr>i^r*-r--ro COCMCNJu u. >o >o ~o -r r.i ,-j o o o <-> o o l U\m«4J'U.t«NO <->(>• «-»°infr>O'l\|0>COC*l cDi*-h-r*-r-cocoaDcou*o** (MCMCMcvj(M>rCMrslCMIMCMcMOD(oa>triroooo(^000'4'H^4t-i I I I I I I II CMCM0 f^ O "H ^ -I a- a> o o o o h N n o o o •»■ r- o r--r-i«-f-r»-fwf-r~'~-r~f~r~f--r^»^'-i'-r-r^r- >. -osOsO,o>o-»--r^r~-fwh-c^r-'w'wi'-f—f— <-J CM(M(MCMOoO*O'OtOotO'OOGOcOQOOD X O00'0<0*0'Q<0<0CMo>oc->ift^'a)"0'4'iftO«->C7s,o «I O-«OOOlftlftlft.»',frrnC0.i-.*lftlftift»*OO -J lllllllJlllllllljLIII ex •1 _I-I-I_J-J_1_)_I_J_)_I_I_I_)_)-I_J_I_J_I I/O cocOfrico'Oco'0<,icocOco UJ a. a a. <1 1- a i- CD > NNNIM«lmiO(0|(l|lilMNNNIMNNNNN < a rvl fo u> oo m .-t cr -o -» o O o ^* in t>» uj H O in vO in «* -»■ ■* -T ^r •4- •T vt -J- LP r- p- p> i-mmmmp-.-)r<-\— •<<1lnco^J.^l" (\Je\lf\|^>|p-p-p-a>cocDl\J(\JfOfn,*■^i■'*•>*->o•o N M IM M r. l*4!-l»4~4>-4(\j-p-p-p--p-p-p- COCDOOcoG*O'G*0NG*O*OOOO'O'*>'©'0»O*O r-P-p-p-r^r-f-P-r^P-p-P-p-r-P-p-p- OOOOOOOOOOOoOOOOoOOO CpCPCPONCPOO>OaiCpO^G^CTta^coC^CT,OC7^CP NNrgoiNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OOf-OOOOCMfMtMino^OOOOOOOO I I I I 1 I I i I I 1 I 1 I j I 1 1 I I r^r-^*p^coi>-r*-,0'0^l'^»n^»ooooOt- f- X X. X X — 1 o (M o o o in CO 1-4 u-\ • • -0 o • > a •o CM cm eg o o O o o (M CM 00 o (M o CM u w *u u\ lA o ro Ul 1 1 i •o O r* ao u> • • • • oo en o »* •*■ in o «*» r- r>- r- t«- o cocnenh cn en > c\H CO H 1 h H h H h DEPTH (M) CO en zf *■ -en h h 30 OLJh- LJ LJLU • \COO_CO i^SMIZPflC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS CvJOO OO CO ZT OJLOOO OJzF OJ00 o 00 r^ =r =r oj --<— COCO CO f— -I h CO oo CO -- -\ h H 1 1 h DEPTH 31 CJCJh- (_J LJUJ • \ CO Q_ CD LD \ . LU ZZCLD OJ0O0Q0O LO c\jlocd + c\jztc\j on IZPflC 78 C. T. D H 1 1 1 1 f. STATIONS 1 1 1 h 01LDU1 DEPTH 32 (_)<_> I— (_) L_)LU • ^a^MIZPRC cyioo on 03 78 C. T. D. STATIONS H 1 1- I _j I ■ * 1 1 h LO cxjldcd + C\Jr^C\J0O 03 0OCO DEPTH 33 CJLJI— CJ C_JUJ • i^SMIZPRC 78 C.T.'D. STRTIONS c\joooooo LO CULOCD + CXJrFCXJOO o on r- zr zrc\j cvjoocooo LO CvlLOCD r\jz^cvico o r- zr =rc\j h- > on en con DEPTH (M) ih CJCJI— CJ> CJLU • \ COQ_CD CD \ «LU "-'°MIZPRC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS r^-ozF CXJOOOnOO LO (\JLOCT) c\jzrr\jon o on r- zr zr nj — i— 'C\J I r-o zr rvioocnoo zr LO CYIUDCD CvlzT C\J0O o on r- zr zr c\j — — C\J lC I— > cocncoh DEPTH 35 OCJh-CJ C_)LU • \0~>Q_L0 CD \ . LU 2Z5IQ_CD cmcooooo IZPRC 78 C. T. D. STATIONS LO CMuocn cmz^cmoo o oo — H — I cvi i cmoooooo zr uo ojuim CM =T CM 00 CO CO) 00 H h 00 00 CM o o DEPTH (M) 36 1 h 1 1 1 \ ^-^ — O) V / — ' — — — " — UJ -- K_ =r -■ CM \\ > -- \ ^ 1 h 1 — 1 1 1 \ H 1 1 1 1 V H 1 1- 00 CM H h LJLU • \COQ_ CD CD V. . LU o-'oMIZPRC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS r-ozr CMOOOnCO Z^ m CMuocn CM Zf CM On o CO r^ z^zfcm r-ozr c\joo on oo zT1 cmuocq cm zf cm on o on r-zr zr cm ^^cm i0 i— > cncnoih DEPTH 37 CJCJI— LJ LJLU • \COQ_ CD a-'SMIZPRC 78 ouoocooo LO CMLOCT) + c\j=rcvion o CO r-z^zrc\j — •— co count- C.T.D. STATIONS H 1 1 1 1 h DEPTH 38 C_)LJh-LJ (_)LU • \COQ_CD iio^MIZPflC 78 G.T.D. STRTIQNS r^-ozr cuoooooo zr in c\jlocd c\jzr(\jco o en r-zr zrc\j —« «-H(\J I r-ozF CVICOOOOO zr LO rvimcD c\j zr c\j on o CO r- zr =r c\j I— > en en cm DEPTH M) 39 C_)(_Jh-LJ LJUJ ■ i^ajSMizpnc 78 C. T. D. STATIONS c\joo oo oo m cmlocd cmzfcmoo o CO r- =r =r cm —•«- CO CO CO h- CO 1 oo H 1 1 1 1 \- _, 1 1 1 1 y. DEPTH (M) co -co CO H 1 h O zf 1 h- — i — i — i — i— — 1 1 '\t/~~ U J ■ CO V CD " 00 A " Wk > -■ 1 / \ , — f >**N .. \ u ) -- 1 — 1 — i— 1 1 1 -H o ko CJC_>h— LJ CJLU • \COQ_(_D CD\ 'LlJ ^SMIZPnC 78 r- o zr C\J0OCOCO ZT LO OJLOCD OJzT C\J0O O CO r-ozr ojcococo zt1 c\jlocd OJzFOJOO H h o on r- zr zr c\j i— > cococoi- co C.T.D. STRTIGNS H 1 h H 1 1 h 1 1 1 1 1 — — I 1 y ' co f y ' ■ - CO -- zr -■ ZT J -- > -- t " -- 1 V 1 1 1 1 H -\ h o o DEPTH (M) H 1 \- CO CO H 1 I h oo zr o *»l CJCJf— CJ CJLJ • \ COQ_ CD CD ^."SMIZPRC 78 c\joo en co C.T.D. STATIONS \ 1 1 1 1 h m ojlood C\J=FC\J0O co co co DEPTH 42 C__) C_J> I — C_) (_)LU • \ coo_ CD CD \ . LjJ o^MIZPflC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS (AJODOIOO LP (AJLOCD C\JzFC\JOD o 00 cxjooodoo uo OJLOOD CvIrT C\J0O o 00 r- zj4 =r c\j -H^IOJ |Q I— > CO CO CO h- DEPTH (M) 43 LJCJh- LJ> CJLU • \COQ_ LD C.T.D. STATIONS ojoocooo LO cviLOcn cyizfcvjco o CO rvjcorooo H 1 1 1 1 — 1 -- ^ 'CO -■ .. /^^ ^~- -^"~ — >cn .y^ p zV ■■ J J LO -- A -- 1 — H 1 1 1 1 — — 1 LO CMLOCH ■ ojrFCYioo H 1 1 1 1 \- LO a on r- zr =r c\j -■^^ ic: i— > CO COCO h- H 1 1 1 1 \- cn m o DEPTH (M) kk CJCJh— CJ CJUJ . \ LDCL.LD i^SMIZPRC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS CMOoonco m c\jLOcn cm =r cm on c^cnui DEPTH (M) '•s UUI-U LJUJ • \COQ_ CD LD \ . UJ IZPRC 78 C. T. D. STATIONS cm oo on oo i_n c\ji_noi cvjzfcvjoo o CO ^^c\j i r-ozf cvicomoo c\jloco c\j=r rum a m r- zf =rc\j i— > COCOCOH H h H h 00 H h H 1 h h h H 1 h DEPTH (M) o 46 CJC_>h-(_J LJLU • \COQ_LD 5Z2ZCL.Q MIZPflC 78 CTD STATIONS cuooooco LO rumen c\j=r cyioo o en r- nr :zr OJ C\|OOCOOO ojlocd C\J=T OJCO o CO - — • , — . CXJ I CO CD CO (W) Hld3Q 1.7 CJCJI— LJ CJLU • \COQ_CD CO \ .LU a-'SMIZPRC 78 C.T..D. STATIONS cucooooo LO ojlocd ■ C\J=FOJ0O o CO OJCOOOOO LO OJLOOl rvizr cvico o CO r- zr zrcvi h-> cococm h 1 h H h H h co H 1 1 1 1 h h ( 1 y- DEPTH CO CO CO CO CO k8 CJCJH- <_J CJLU • \COQ_L0 2ZZZCL.O MIZPflC 78 CTD STATIONS (AJCDCOOO LO ojlocd c\j=tc\joo o cxjoooooo LO ojloct) c\j=r ojco o oo CO CO CO (W) Hld3Q « CJCJI— CJ CJLU • \COQ_O CD\ -UJ 2Z2Z0_O MIZPnC 78 CTD STATIONS CXJOOOOOO in CM LOO") C\JzTC\J0O O CO r^-zr =f<_> I— (_) LJLU • \coa_co CD\ »LU 2Z2ZO_Q MlZPflC 78 CTD STATIONS ojoocooo zr LO CYILO CD CYI:zr OJCO CD CO r^-zr =rf\j r^r-.C\J I ■ (AjOOoooo lo OJLOCD c\j=rc\joo o CO r- zr =r c\j o H 1 h H 1 f H 1 1- H 1 h H 1 1 h H 1 1 CD- COCOCO LT> (W) Hld3Q o "CO CO CO CO CO H 1 \- 51 CJLJI— CJ CJLU • \COQ_C0 g^SMIZPflC 78 r-Ozf OvIOOOOCO Zf E.T.D. STATIONS LD CVJLOCD cvizf c\joo o CO r-=r =fc\j — i— iC\J r--ozF cm oo on oo zr LO cyiloot CXJzfCYJOO o CO r^-zr zr c\j i— > CO COCO t- H — 1 1 1 1 h h 1 1 1 1 h o DEPTH (M) 52 CJCJH- LJ LJLlJ • \COQ_(_D MIZPRC 78 CTD STATIONS C\]COCOOO LO cxjlocd CVIl^OJCO o CO r-zr =rc\j ojoooooo h 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 h en CD CO LO ojLOcn c\j=r c\jco CO CO CO Hld3Q 53 UUh- CJ (_)UJ . \COQ_CD MIZPflC 78 CTD STRTIONS c\j oo oo co LO f\JLDCD o oo — '^h(\J i ■ oucoooco uo cvilooo c\j=rc\joo' o oo — _C\J H 1 H H 1 h u o A~_ H 1 1 h COCOCO (N) Hld3Q r- o H 1 1- Sh CJCJI— encocoh DEPTH (M) CO zr» h 1 1- cn 55 <_)C_)h~ (_) CJLU • \COQ_LD CD\ -LU 2Z2IQ_Q MIZPflC 78 CTD STATIONS r-o--r cvioooooo LO OJLOCD CM =*• CVI CO o CO — 't—(\j i ■ C\|0O0O0O zp H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 h LO CYILOCD CM zT CM CO o en r- =pZTCM — CO CO CO i- -- i 1 1 h- — i _i \ —*. . .—•-* — -«— «— «•- -■ -\\y co -■ 1 i 1 1 1- -- — i -- H O CD co co CO o DEPTH (M) 57 (_)(_) r— (_) CJLU - \coo_o LD\ -LiJ MIZPflC 78 CTD STATIONS ojcooooo LO ojlooo c\j=rc\joo o ' — • , — i OJ I CYICOOOOO LO ojlooo (WzTCMCO o CO o H H H 1- + H h co co en CO CO CO LO (N) -I 1 h Hld3Q o CO -\ 1- 58 CJCJh- LJ C_)LU • CD\ -LU ^o-oMIZPRC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS OdOOOOCO LD c\jmcn cxjz^fvi on o en — ^— cnoncoh DEPTH (M) 59 (_)(_) h-LJ CJLU • \COQ_ CO oJSMIZPRC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS OJOOOOOO zl4 LO c\jLOcn OJzFOJCO H 1 1 1 j4 r-ozr ojcocooo z? lo ojlocd • C\J=T OJOO CO CO en oo — CO H h H 1 1 h \- -co -co C\J OO CO H h ro- coco co DEPTH (M) H h H 1 \ LO CO CO o 60 LJLJI— LJ LJLU • \ O")Q_L0 ^a^MIZPAC 78 cviooonoo C.T.D. STATIONS LO ajLncn cm zr cm en o 00 r- =r ztcm CXJOOCOOO CMz? C\J0O o on r- =r =r c\j — • — «rsj iq h— > cococnH H 1 1 1 1 h DEPTH (M) 61 CJCJI— C_) ULlJ • \COQ_ CD o-oMIZPRC 78 G.'T. D. STATIONS cmooooco uo cmuooo cmzfcmoo o oo r-zr zr c\j — i— .cm cm oo on oo ZT LO CMUOOO CM zf CM 00 O OO r- zr zr cm ^-h^CM ic: t— > COOOCOh DEPTH (M) 62 CJLU • \COQ_ CO i^EMIZPRC 7 8 CvJOOOOCO zf in cvilocd cvizfcyjoo o m r- =r zfoj — • — CO CO CO I- C.T.D. STATIONS — I 1 1 1 1 1 -\ 1 h zr en H h 1 h- — i 1 1 — i— . -co — H \r ., /fn -- i*" - ■ U -l if CO -■ CD --. ^yV 1 "> -- u J 1 h- 1 — 1 1 1 — 1 o r- DEPTH (M) 63 (_)(_) I— (_) CJLxJ • \oiq_cd g^SMIZPflC CvlOOOQCO c\juicn CYlzfCXJPO o CO C\J CO OH) CO zr cxjlocd CVJzF CvJCO o CO i— > cncncoh 78 C. T. D. STATIONS — I 1 1 1 1 1 .3 H 1 1 1 h h— — i — / r^ -- -- — 'II CD 1 \ > Av\/^ — Ln . ' V-- 1 1 1 1 h- 1 o DEPTH (M) 6k (_)(_) I— (_) C_)LU • \COQ_L0 ^a^MIZPRC 78 cmoocoo in CMLOOO CMzzPCMOO o on r- z^zfcm «-•«-« CM I cm co on oo —^ < 1 1 1 1 — — 1 s~S 'CO /r- -co -• ■f o ■• 1 ■ * . . - i -- k > -- \zz: VN^~ I — 1 1 1 1 1 — i LO CMLOOO CM =P CM CO a CO ^-h^CM lC h- > CO CO CO I- C.T.D. STATIONS \ 1 1 1 1 1- DEPTH 65 CJCJH-CJ CJLU • \ coo_ ld o-qMIZPRC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS cvioo en co LO OJLOOO OJzFPJOO o no C\J CO CO 00 LO C\JLOCD OJ^CVICO o CO r- zr =r cvj '— ' '—i C\J Iq (— > CO CO CO h- DEPTH (M) 66 CJCJH- CJ CJLlJ ■ \ COQ_ CD LD\ - LU o-'SMIZPHC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS cmcocooo LO CM LOCO CMzF CMCO o on r- z^zr.c\j CM0OCO0O LO CM LOO) CM Zf CM CO o en r- =r =r cm .-.—.CM lC COCOCOH 1 1 — H 1 1 I— ^ ___—-' to QQ -" - *i / J CO -^v LO -- ur^v. — <-0 .. -- V. ^-co -- -- ^1— -- 1 1 — -I 1 1 ■1 1 1 1 ■H 1 H CO -- / ■ CO -#01 OQ " CO to .. .. -- i k -■ i\ - > -- \ CO -- 1 — 1 1 — | — J 1 ^ o DEPTH (M) 67 UHJ ■ \OOQ_LD i^a:SMIZPflC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS C\JCO0O0O m cxjlooo CVIz^OJOl o en c^oocooo _i 1 1 1 ^ CO C\J 31 uo eviuocn C\lzFC\J00 o oo r- =r =r cm h- > OOOOOOh H 1 1 1 1 h 00 00 31 H I h > ^ 1 1 1 1 i— H _^~~<-j — ' ^ 1 1 1 r~- " oo -■ 31 V. -■ -■ 1 \ > S V "00 1 — 1 1 1 1 1 H o DEPTH (M) 68 CJCJI— (_) C_JUJ • \COQ_LD i^oJoMIZPRC 78 C. T.D. STATIONS rxjcooooo c\iLncn r-o z? C\J0O0OCO zv in CYILDCD o on r- zf =r rvi ^-h(AJ Icz f— > CD COCO h H 1 1 1 1 h H 1 1 1 1 h DEPTH (M) 69 LJLJh— CJ CJLU • \COQ_CD i^SMIZPRC 78 C.T.D. STATIONS OJCOCOOO zf LO ojuicd c\jzr cyico H 1 1 1 i I f ojoocooo i_o OJLOCD CVJzF C\JCO o ro I— > cococoh F= -CD CO x H h H 1 1 1 H ♦" CO CO CO DEPTH (M) CD _| 1 1 1 y. 70 CJCJh-CJ LJLU • \ 010.0 O \ • LU ^□MIZPRC cvioo on oo rxjuncn rviz^rvion cyico on oo z^ m c\j zrnjon o on r- =r zfcvj cncnont- 78 C.T.D. STATIONS H i 1 1 1 1- 1 f— — I 1 1 — I— H If — CO ■■■ lO ■-- »» / 1 oj -■ 1 /L / C\J |\ > -■ ' "' U~J I -- \— 1 f— — 1 1 1 — H o DEPTH (M) 71 (_>(_> I— (_> LJLU • \cog_cd LD\ -LU MIZPflC 78 CTD STRTIONS -- _^~co o CO ^ ~»^^ H r- zr =rc\j 1 1 1 1 1 — o CO CO CO DEPTH (M) 72 DISTRIBUTION LIST ADDRESSEE NO. OF COPIES Director Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington 1013 Northeast 40th Street Seattle, Washington 98195 Mr. Robert E. Francois 1 Mr. E. A. Pence 1 Mr. G. R. Garrison 1 Library 1 University of Washington Department of Oceanography Seattle, Washington 98195 Fisheries-Oceanography Library 1 L. K. Coachman 1 Director Arctic Submarine Laboratory Code 54, Building 371 Naval Ocean Systems Center San Diego, CA 92152 25 Superintendent Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940 Library 2 Dr. R. G. Paquette 5 Dr. R. H. Bourke 5 Polar Research Laboratory, Inc. 123 Santa Barbara Street Santa Barbara, California 93101 2 Director Naval Arctic Research Laboratory Barrow, Alaska 99723 Library 1 Chief of Naval Operations Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 20350 N0P-02 N0P-22 N0P-946D2 N0P-095 NOP-098 73 DISTRIBUTION LIST ADDRESSEE NO. OF COPIES Commander Submarine Squadron THREE Fleet Station Post Office San Diego, California 92132 Commander Submarine Group FIVE Fleet Station Post Office San Diego, California 92132 Director Marine Physical Laboratory Scripps Institute of Oceanography San Diego, California 92132 Commanding Officer Naval Intelligence Support Center 4301 Suitland Road Washington, D. C. 20390 Commander Naval Electronics Systems Naval Electronics Systems Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 20360 NESC 03 PME 124 Command Command Headquarters Director Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Commanding Officer Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory Panama City, Florida 32401 Commanding Officer Naval Submarine School Box 700, Naval Submarine Base, New London Groton, Connecticut 06340 Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research and Development) Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 20350 Ik DISTRIBUTION LIST ADDRESSEE NO. OF COPIES Director of Defense Research and Engineering Office of Assistant Director (Ocean Control) The Pentagon Washington, D. C. 20301 1 Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command Naval Sea Systems Command Headquarters Department of the Navy Washington, S. C. 20362 4 Chief of Naval Research Department of the Navy 800 North Quincy Street Arlington, Virginia 22217 1 Code 102-0S 1 Code 220 1 Code 461 1 Project Manager Anti -Submarine Warfare Systems Project Office (PM4) Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 20360 1 Commanding Officer Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport, Rhode Island 02840 1 Commander Naval Air Systems Command Headquarters Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 20361 2 Commander Naval Oceanographic Office Washington, D. C. 20373 Attention: Library Code 3330 2 Director, Defense Supply Agency Defense Documentation Center Cameron Station Alexandria, Virginia 22314 2 Director Advanced Research Project Agency 1400 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22209 1 75 DISTRIBUTION LIST ADDRESSEE NO. OF COPIES Commander Naval Weapons Center China Lake, California 93555 Attention: Library 1 Commander Naval Electronics Laboratory Center 271 Catalina Boulevard San Diego, California 92152 Attention: Library 1 Director Naval Research Laboratoy Washington, D. C. 20375 Attention: Technical Information Division 3 Director Ordnance Research Laboratory Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania 16801 1 Commander Submarine Force, U. S. Atlantic Fleet Norfolk, Virginia 23511 2 Commander Submarine Force, U. S. Pacific Fleet N-21 Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 1 Commander Naval Air Development Center Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 1 Commander Naval Ship Research and Development Center Bethesda, Maryland 20084 1 Chief of Naval Material Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 20360 NMAT 03 2 NMAT 034 1 NMAT 0345 1 76 DISTRIBUTION LIST ADDRESSEE NO. OF COPIES Commander SECOND Fleet Fleet Post Office New York, N. Y. 09501 1 Commander THIRD Fleet Fleet Post Office San Francisco, California 96601 1 Commander Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Mr. M. M. Kleinerman 1 Library 1 Officer-in-Charge New London Laboratory Naval Underwater Systems Center New London, Connecticut 06320 1 Commander Submarine Development Group TWO Box 70 Naval Submarine Base, New London Groton, Connecticut 06340 1 Oceanographer of the Navy Naval Oceanography Division (OP 95?-) Naval Department Washington, D.C. 20350 1 Commandant U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters 400 Seventh Street, S. W. Washington, D.C. 20590 2 Commander Pacific Area, U. S. Coast Guard 630 Sansome Street San Francisco, California 94126 1 Commander Atlantic Area, U. S. Coast Guard Governors Island New York, N.Y. 10004 1 USA CRREL Hanover, NH 03755 Library 1 Defense Documentation Center 2 Cameron Station Alexandria, Virginia 22314 77 gc 181715 58 Paquette PI96 The oceanographic cruise of the USCGC GLACIER to the margi- nal sea- ice zone of the Chukchi Sea - MIZPAC 78. genGC 58.P196 The oceanographic cruise of the USCGC GL 3 2768 001 78016 6 DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY