592 Aus 6s No. 357

OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS, 1959
EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES

SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERES No. 359

ay,

ITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR~
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

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0 0301 0053

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United States Department of the Interior, Fred A. Seaton, Secretary
Fish and Wildlife Service, Arnie J. Suomela, Commissioner
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries,
Donald L. McKernan, Director

DOCUMENT
LIBRARY

Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution

OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS, 1959
EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES

by

C. Godfrey Day
Research Assistant

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Contribution No. 1104 from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

This work was financed by the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries under Contract No. 14-17-008-62, with
funds made available under the Act of July 1, 1954

(68 Stat. 376), commonly known Aas the Saltonstall-
Kennedy Act.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Special Scientific Report -- Fisheries No. 359

Washington, D. C.

@ PORTLAND
LIGHTSHIP

BOSTON
SLIGHTSHIP

@TEXAS

<
c.
Qe.
ox
“a
42

aS @ TEXAS TOWER-3

LIGHTSHIP ™ cae
7 e@TEXAS TOWER-4°
/ BARNEGAT
LIGHTSHIP

@ FIVE FATHOM BANK
LIGHTSHIP

WINTERQUARTER
LIGHTSHIP

@ CHESAPEAKE
LIGHTSHIP

\

-~ @ DIAMOND SHOALS

Fe .? LIGHTSHIP

@ FRYING PAN SHOALS
LIGHTSHIP

@ SAVANNAH
LIGHTSHIP

go°

Frontispiece. Locations along the
Atlantic Coast reported herein,

li

CONTENTS

Title Page
Abs ttia Cherries SOOO ateie o 6) ots oP al iahel whey sdeceliere Letielis’ 6 rors @xeheleejre lei serie 1
Ins celelbiciakeinl Gannoaooonnoc ei otelehevoieterene te ee eterrane asetie) sie ahd severe sae a8 1
Gommentary , figures and data i.i.%. 66 eveie ci cre eialaie © sleile)e sie. 6) ce 0/0) 3
Grande Harbour, Grands Manan cis citer etek e ecere enelel el enevereneiscet els 5
PortlandehightsShipereres sterdercterch stetels se cle Mees crclcronalobetcte ekeneteenelie ff
BOStOnE Lightship... cicrele ce ate erererere ss euoray seeveners net enorecers nvavevsvene 21
Georges Shoal lexas LOWE 4.22 sce cleiclsel ol cl elclelese ci etece’e selec 29
Nantucket Shoals, Texas Tower #3 ...ccecececccces sialevece 33
Woods Hole, Massachusetts ...........- stevecuscavele de ales 6 sis 35
Buzzards Lightship. ..360s cscs cee c cue 6 ces e's srelereners aistene Sif
Kingston’, Rhode: Islands ciacc cretcne os es evelels wie sie ce eeleieielesares 41
Ambroseslight Slip Mat. acters stare cies si eretenestcle less devolelelenslevencesvere 43
Texas Tower #4 (GENRE G5 ne 50
Barnegat Lightship . Sooo non En aah onon oo satenatetatelens rayon 52
Five Fathom Bank Lightship Syeiee' ww 5 Oven eees «610.6 alclioverclistexcteve eters 60
WANtERI@UaTEeH TAGMES IID cisyene ere esl ce sleeve csi cicier eters eactetey ane 68
Chesapeake Lightship ........ccec00.% prclcdansleledcnedererenovers sieves 76
DIaMOndiShoaliswVIGhtSN1 Py. rere ales «slave le eee c aire e¥erele elses: cis! ee 84
Enyange Pan Shoal senightsShilpe spe cence ee: elie terereleteie iolecepelenetel ei evere 98
Savannah) Lightship... .te. «1s Sue ched elena cUshetchcle. shonaletcrelisiencreueters 106
Isiterature Gitedic.d.cvers «sieve 6.800: 0: ene aeioy silee 8 lor eye) arleiier over s set or eusvere sisters 114

LIST OF FIGURES

No. Page
Frontispiece. Locations along the Atlantic coast reported

herein. ieedchetsnsteys RENT RE Nore ehe ie Mevetstousrereueien erste cre obeleia suesa.s ii

1. Normal evcre of temperature at surface and bottom along the
string of observation posts for 1959 ....... Sietitete sae ews 2
ZGrands Harbour Grancdellatiaticrs elec cicie cre ciete icles el eleterevene eves 5
Sh Detoynellevarel ILikefayeslojo) 4 Res oO Goce a Hao c elas éusteveyayererstete avale etetuye ; 8
A BOSTON EI GMESIDretete starsia slercie cleustecele ee cucte reat owelic ES CRT ECCS Osh 22
Da GeOrges;onoal),, Texas TOWEL 4:2. sere clevelcsrecs 6 6 6 ober svete ener: 29
Ge Nantucket ShodlsmahexasmlLOw Ch +o smerasiieteaiercieleechetelciene ele 33
7. Woods Hole, Massachusetts ....... svevelenel e)'s)6.<1.4 SHanopon os 35

iil

13:0

16.
17
18.

tO:
ll.
LAS
13.
14,
15.
16.
17.
18.

LIST OF FIGURES
(Cont'd)

BUZZALASMLIGHUS IN Diep crenete stot ciotel i elctenalel ofelelchende/ Riel ehenele) cnet ehenele 37
Kingston, Rhode dsiland osc <clcre 0 ers. 0e) o esie esis ere ols 0 6 eieles 41

. Ambrose Lightship ........ eeeeoeeove@eeneee7ne7nreeeseeeee eeeoee34e515ee 43

Texde Tower 4 (olf New York). dy iave atay sits vadsuane tales stcuetel oie steers 50

MBe ea SEGRE aa ee a ee 53

BiverhathomiBankehiGnes ip terreteicrcicieletesetelelc efetelelelcnenclsielelerels 61
Winter Quarter Lightshiipr cies iecic) 61s clei) sire) sie sie) «e100! ete ele er sels 69
Chesapeake Hight Shipicrcveretercreteliclc)ciclel cl cieleleielel cl eleneielelelcieenere 77
Diamond: Shoal seLightShip evers:ciclers 1 c'ciclsi c/s a)cfslete «) ele! clellelel cere 85
EnyingePant shnoallisehightshipye.crercreveiete cle eleiel sie cieleleteleleierat stele 99
Savannah Wightshilipieracrercshcteichclere eicheterchonelercl cnele clelcletclerele clele ome) OL,

LIST OF TABLES
Page

Surface water temperature - monthly and annual

Means LOD VISIO teevsiovstenatcserovel oie tons otelieve se renele velletohere e coretoks eure 4
Grand Harbour, Grand Maneater cicteterererclotcisicielelcielel clelclslelel selene 6
Portland -RightShipec wax 0.0 a) cco ctetere stake evereuete’ oieictevercrelc eevetetels 9
BOStONPLIGMUS I Piscceeccpatcnerana cuehel clef afonetatstclelelsyctelsteterclele cnercuchenene 23
Georges Shoal, Texas Tower 42 10.0 b.c:6 ane oie 006.6 see arco 6 one 30
Nantucket Shoals, Texas Tower #3 .....cccccccccccvscccs 34
Woods Hole; Massachusetts) ao cicrcrci clelelciere els) steele eicicic elelens 36

. Buzzards Lightship... eeeseee eeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 38

Kingston, Rhode Island..... eiotatoreliclelclerereiercioroiedetonederetsheletenene 42
AMbDIOSesLIGhtshipwrepcretecstererereteletel clotehotelonehelMeleletevelerorcnelereteters 44
Texas Tower 44 (off New York) \< <:c1.. <.o0/e-visls'e0s © were ate G's wise 51
Barnegat night's hillpicwacyee eter clelelel el clicl ore ellelet cle clelelcltee elel cl stoners si 54
Hive ;bathomi Bank, Lightship. cers clei e!etelcleierelclelelle ciete siete lel epete c 62
Winter Quarter Lightshilpar.c. ccieclere etesielelele eleiclolelclelelsiclelerens 70
Chesapeake: GightsShip oc oscar iors cieve cca 0 0s10 eelele ete ee 6s 0c 78
Diamond Shoals] ight piv ciercicletele isle slelelelclerele cl elelereleleiclere vale 86
Frying Pan Shoals Lightship 2.11. 0c «ele el ele) s1cie!o we laa) e) sie) elec 100
Savannah / LIGhtship ...< saeuc etse's oie aos 16s 0 slew ca wa wine oles au tOS

iv

OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS, 1959
EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT

Daily water temperature and salinity observations for 1959 from seventeen
locations along the Atlantic seaboard are tabulated, plotted and discussed
for the fourth consecutive year.

INTRODUCTION

Through the cooperation of the U. S. Coast Guard, the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution established late in 1955 a series of oceanographic
observation posts at a number of lightship stations along the east coast
of the United States. Additional data have been obtained from independent
observers, from the Narragansett Marine Laboratory and, courtesy of the
U.S. Air Force, from Texas Towers 2, 3 and 4.

The lightship data have been forwarded on a monthly basis to Woods
Hole where they have been processed. The bathythermograms have been
read at several levels and tabulated; salinities were determined by salinometer.
The records of air temperature, weather, wind and clouds were used in studying
the other data, but are not presented here as they are the same as those
published in the daily weather maps of the U. S. Weather Bureau.

In addition to tabulating these data, mean temperatures for each level for
three equal time periods per month have been determined and plotted as time-
depth profiles for the year at each station where bathythermographs were used.
The one-third monthly mean surface temperatures have been plotted in comparison
with the monthly mean surface temperature for the period of record of each station.

The one-third monthly means of surface salinity have been appended to
the temperature profiles, together with the weekly bottom salinity values.

The monthly mean surface water temperatures for the year 1959 for all
stations are listed in table 1 for comparison with previous records.

We are particularly indebted to the U. S. Coast Guard personnel aboard
participating lightships, to Mr. Edward Green at Grand Harbour, Grand Manan
and to the personnel of the 12th Weather Squadron, U.S.A.F. at the three Texas
Towers reporting and at Otis Air Force Base.

We hope to continue the collection and publication of these data on

an annual basis, and should be glad to include data of a comparable nature
from other locations.

This work was supported by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S.

Fish and Wildlife Service, under Contract No. 14-17-008-62 with the Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution.

TEXAS
TOWER 3

AMBROSE
BARNEGAT

_ WINTER
QUARTER
HESAPEAKE|

\

NN

SURFACE T, °F

BOTTOM T, °F

Figure 1. The cycle of temperature at the surface (left) and bottom

(right) along the series of observation posts for 1959.
Heavy dotted and dashed lines indicate minimum and
maximum temperatures respectively.

COMMENTARY

In the present report an effort has been made to relate some of the
observed hydrographic conditions to weather, particularly to anomalous
air temperatures and precipitation. Where reference is made to such
anomalies, the source is the appropriate issue of Weatherwise (vol. 12,
2-6, 1959 and vol. 13, 1, 1960) covering the weather patterns of 1959.
Additional data of a short term nature have been taken from daily weather
maps and from lightship observations.

Surface Temperature (figure 1)

It should be noticed in tigure 1 that the Nantucket Lightship station,
used in earlier reports, has been replaced by Texas Towers #3, since the
data from the former location were wholly inadequate and are not reported
this year. This substitution of itself serves to change the temperature pattern
quite marked!y, because of the relatively cold conditions in the region of
Tower #3 (Day, 1959). Had Nantucket data been available, the 60° isotherm
at the surface would have extended to Portland as in other years.

Winter conditions, January through March, were similar to those of
1956 and 1957, except that water temperatures were somewhat lower than
usual from Georges Shoal southwestward to the Barnegat station.

The reappearance of the winter temperature barrier at Diamond Shoals
represents a return to normal after the unusual breakthrough which occurred
a year earlier. Warming followed the usual trend in time and rate, except at
Winter Quarter Lightship, where it was advanced.

All stations from Chesapeake northward experienced a cool summer
through July except at Portland and Georges Shoals; this was followed by
rapid warming during August and early September. The mean surface water
temperature for the latter month was the highest on record for Barnegat, Five
Fathom Bank and Winter Quarter. At Boston the September mean was the
highest since 1890. The peak during the first decade of that month was a
reflection of a prolonged regime of southerly winds which began on August
12th and continued through early September. Following this period a Canadian
anticyclone dominated the east coast for 10 days with below normal air temper-
atures and the surface water cooled rapidly. Neertheless, values were gen-
erally above the mean until mid-November.

Bottom temperature (figure 1)
Winter bottom water temperatures were very similar to the 1956 and

1957 values, and vernal warming progressed normally. The maximum at
stations between Boston and Chesapeake occurred in mid-September , 10

days after the surface maximum. At Boston, Five Fathom Bank and Chesa-
peake, readings were the highest observed to date. The sudden warming
appears to be the direct result of northerly and northeasterly winds, force
4-6, which on September llth and 12th, mixed the water column, cooling
the surface and warming the bottom. The thermocline, however, was

not completely destroyed until some weeks later.

Table 1

Surface Water Temperatures - Monthly and Annual Means

for 1959
5 ro
6 ) z 3 E 5 o 2
iS oa fo) ic} 3 9 3 a a
Ss oof ec ov} mr 2h sa on eS 28 69 Gf gus fut GH
hast eee ard Oire i De ot GE ees eee ie ance ices rac ee
ae} 62 o¢8 Ba Ba oO OO die ORs Maar ea) ee ee Oe Cro onmme sae
ee ee } N& oF 52 9 fe off ¢2 G2 FE Bee Se
i Ono » Oiler) oie 2 32 Fe £3 o Hee Eager re) ssp cee paced © Fey
GO af aad OB 2H = aa 4a a a wees Oa AS ae seem
3264) 1391.7) 8801 140.7 3827. 31 36.8 34.4 = 41.2 35.7 40.0 42.5 - 6137 64.0 Sia
31.0 37.7 36.1 40.7 38.2 31 34280) -33ar/, - 45.7 35.9 39.3 40.7 41.8 63.7 64.7 54.3
3453 3740 86.5) 39.0) E.0F odo. 36.5 37.9 39.0 46.1 3855 392 43.0 45.9 “6256 632100) S70
3914. N47) 9 4126) 42,0395) 43, 42.9 45.9 - 45.4) 44.7 4506 48.7 “S12, 1638255 16655 bcins
45.1 46.9 49.2 49.6 43.9 53. 49.7 53.7 - 49.9 - 55.1 5950) S93 7358 727 eric
48.1 49.7 55.9 54.5 48.6 61 Bigot atO eid: - 58.8 - 65.2 68.9 68.9 78.9 78.9 80.1
5350) Ofe0 O9LG Oel os.o 68 63.4 67.5 ‘68.2 ‘66.0 69.0 71.8 74.0 ‘74.6 (82.1 “8127 783K9'
56.0 58.9 64.4 - 54.7 70 65.6 68.6 70.7 65.6 71.4 - 74,8. 77.2. 82.4 (82:4) 185ial
- 55.7 (63:9 160).2) “S6.5: 69) 65.9) (6755 7021 69270 72.7 73e7 75.8 7655 S802) Sil 46" AB
- - S60 6002 Sizie4 615, 60.6 61.4 — 63.0 66.2 - 68.4 6958 73.9 7857) “76in7)
- - 49.7 Sl.2 479° 505 D207 od - 53.8 55.3 56.7 58.8 59.6 67.3 74:0 (66.3
- 43.6 44.8- 47.0 42.3 42. 46.4 43.8 - 49.8 - 48.9 Sl.3 50.2 65..3° '67.0)) 95:54
- - 49.7 - AGA2 ol. 51.0 192'.:4 - 54.5 - - 58.8 - 71.3 73.:2.° 69:0

Grand Harbour, Grand Manan (Figure 2, Table 2)

The observations here came to an end in Augus% when the observer
was transferred to another station. The winter was colder than the three
previous winters and warming was slow. The summer water temperature
was also low compared with the previous record.

TEMPERATURE °F

Figure 2. Grand Harbour, Grand Manan, 1959, (solid line) and
Southwest Head, Grand Manan, 1929-1936 (dashed line).

Table 2
GRAND HARBOUR, GRAND MANAN, N. B., CANADA 44°40.8'N. 66°44.6'W.
1959
Surface Temperature °F

Month
Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1 3202 29.0) 33.50. 36.2 39:10 47/0 50.2) S574
2 34.8 28.9 38.0 36.0 39.8 49.1 51.2- 57.8
3 39.0 29.0 35.0 38.0 40.0 45.5 52.0 54.0
4 34.6 32.0 34.0 36.9 40.4 47.8 50.0 56.8
5 31.0 30.8 37.0 38.0 43.6 49.6 55.0 =
6 29.0 34.0 33.4 38.1 41.0 48.6 61.2 54.4
7 28.9) 30.6 = 39.0 42.0 46.0 52.0 53.2
8 29.0 29.10) 32.0 38.2 43.50 45.4 S820 55.0
9 Zishns | Paciisy silky Silane ac laten cei 5e) |S )/satet ee es7/ol0)
10 30-1" 30.0) 3322 4050 S050! 47.2; 254.0" 53/0
ll 300° 29.5 S150) 38.8" 347705 “46507 5021) © 153.0
12 31.6 32.4 31.0 42/5 (S070) 47.5 53.0 S655
13 33.7 30.0 32.0 41.4 52.1 51.0 51.0 54.2
14 Sie9F 939.0" S24 5 4285 64559" 349/10 = 59.3
15 33.0 31.0 34.2 43.0 45.3 47.9 52.0 54.6
16 SRO gS to 30). SNS Os Ole OF Om On OM mollis sume D7 5 2
Ws 36.09 34.2. 360 - 3850 46500 “4670954725 56.1
18 30.3 33.0 39.0 37.0 47.9 45.5 = 56.0
19 33.8 = 31.0) 44.9' 46.0 45.0) Yol..8" 57-8
20 36.0 = 34.0 38.7 47.5 47.0 = 60.2
th 34.4 29.2 34.5 36.0 44.8 49.6 = 54.0
Ze 37.4 92952 135.3. 93/21 ) 43538 “48508 S450 59)..0
23 3478 92970-30507 “3890 465 3 eito 168 5465 Soon
24 30/50) 3174.58 30.0) 4270) 744.0 Sol SoZ eI ois s64
25 S04. 32.10), 93452 5642 4 94255 pA9RS 0 0R Se o5is2
26 29.0 31.0 35.0 44.8 44.0 49.0 51.8 58.0
Def 3056" § 33.0 35.2 9.39.0 “472500 47.4, (54.27 58.57
28 3009 §34.0%0 322555 38.3) ©4670 4725056 .0) 59.3
29 33.5 37.0.9) 39.8") 47.9) 95058" 56.8) S520
30 34.0 Sie C9. 4 4/28) S64 OO IS
31 = 42.0 46.0 D730) J0\64
Mean 32.4 31.0 34.3 39.4 45.1 48.1 53.6 56.0

Portland Lightship (Figure 3, Table 3)

Surface temperatures during February and March were slightly
below the mean and reflected the negative air temperature anomalies
for those months; the minimum occurred in mid-March. Early May showed
a similar positive relationship between air and sea surface temperature
and resulted in a rapid development of the thermocline. From June
through September surface water temperatures were uniformly below the
mean, even though air temperatures were ca. 2°F above normal during
July, August and September. The autumn turnover occurred sometime
in November and cooling was close to the mean. The maximum bottom
temperature undoubtedly occurred in November, but was missed because
of instrument failure.

Surface salinity, January through March, was high compared to
values for the three previous years. The minimum in mid-April was not
as low as were the minima of 1956 and 1958, but was below that of
1957. A second low occurred in late June and July, reflecting the
excessive rainfall and runoff experienced in the East.

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Table 3

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

January 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/o,
Depth
Day 0' 30! 50 00." £150" 0 150'
IL 41.1 4052 41.6 42.2 42.5 32.86 -
2 ASe2 45.5 45.6 45.8 45.9 Adit -
3 42.0 41.9 41.9 42.6 42.7 -90 -
4 39.1 38.0 ea al 42.3 42.8 43 32.92
5 Ase 41.3 41.3 41.5 41.7 Bh) -
6 37.6 37.8 i // ats! 3729 38.1 89 -
7 40.6 40.8 40.8 41.1 41.2 32.95 -
8 - - - - - Soa -
9 39.6 39.7 39.6 39.8 39.9 -00 -
10 38.6 38.7 38.6 39.9 40.8 Ailes -
al 38.9 38.9 38.9 39.1 39). 1 5 (08) 32.80
12 3955 3950 39.6 39.8 39.9 33.00 -
i 39.4 39.9 39.9 40.0 - 32.97 -
14 40.2 40.8 40.8 40.9 40.9 32.92 -
15 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.1 41.9 30620 ~
16 41.2 41.1 40.9 41.2 41.8 .00 -
7, 41.9 41.8 41.8 42.0 42.1 SolenleZ -
18 38.6 38.8 39.0 39.9 - 32.94 Syd eteid?
19 Sore JORo 38.3 38.7 40.2 S22 =
20 392 39.2 39.7 39.9 40.1 300i -
a 39% 2 O93 B93 39.8 399 32.86 ~
22 39.9 39.5 39.6 39.8 40.0 90 -
23 eee al Sorel 39 39.9 4iei ait -
24 S115 7/ 39.6 39/27 39.9 40.2 32.96 -
29 392 Sho // 39% I 39.4 39.8 33. 10 -
26 38.5 Sieh 7/ ey8h 55 7/ 38.8 38.9 OZ -
Od 39a 3850 382 Sith és! 38/7 00 =
28 - - - - ~ B33 ~
29 Sits el Shela Sieh.) 38.9 39.0 3293 -
30 38.6 37-39 Sf ols! sitsin al 38.4 98 -
3! 38.2 38.4 38.8 SI) 5 7 40.0 32.84 -
Mean She) 7/ 39.7 Sie) 5 (8! 40.3 40.7 Si/A5, Site} -

Table 3 (cont'd)
PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

February 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/o9
Depth
Day 0’ 30' 50' 100' 150! 0" 150!
1 SWAG, 38.0 38.0 Sits} on! SEO) Shshe5(0)) 32.84
2 Sor SH) th 39a2 39.4 39.6 Sheil s: -
3 CaO Sat 5h 7/ $s) O97 39.9 SiZaco -
4 88. 2 Sitslig ol 38.8 S92 SR 33.00 -
5 - - - - - 32.94 -
6 S52 393 39i.3 39.6 39.9 32.94 -
7 SOs SSS) 39R9 40.1 40.8 33.14 ~
8 39.9 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.2 08 32.02
$ 38.9 38.9 38.9 SW) a s Se) 48) 04 -
10 39.1 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 33.46 -
ll = = - - - - -
12 38.0 38.4 Son 2 Sisine Shel a7 32.99 -
3 Soo 36.0 36.9 37.9 38.4 66 =
14 3607 36.0) 86.60) 38.07, 39.2 Sta: -
NS 36.6 36.4 S00 Sishe / 395.2 aE 32.84
16 Oinee. Sy Ae) Sifael Sia Sie! 82 -
Uy 3720 30.9 36.2 SiS a 39.9 m/e -
18 36.0 Hoya) Sieh 7/ SH SW SISA) ATA) -
19 32.9 37.9 38.0 38:. 0 38.0 09 -
20 36.9 36.9 Siaao 38.8 SoZ. MOV -
21 - = = = = eke! -
22 SH// a Al 3721 37/5 SY aS) 38:2 95 3295
23 36.9 Sis) 4.) S558) 37.0 3767 S299 =
24 38.0 307. 0) Sond 3852 38.4 SoS -
25 SYA Pe Sf ell Sie, Oe 37.4 3300 -
26 3750 ei) ole) 37.0 37.4 Si Gis) B28 -
27 SWLAT 37.4 S758 3/65) 3/46 3 08 =
28 Sire: 37.0 36.8 36.8 36.9 33.09 -
Mean Seu oi ai SIL ais) SOD SiSics: 32.94 32.86

10

Table 3 (cont'd)

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

March 1959
Temperature °F Salinity 9/96
Depth
Day 0' 30 50' 100' 150° Q' 150'
i 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.9 32.88 33.08
2 38.2 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.3 mS =
3 38.2 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.5 94 -
4 37.9 38.07 80.07 “38.1 “3852 .89 =
5 38.0 37.6 37.7 38.2 38.4 231 =
6 = = = = a 32.92 =
7 36.0 35.2 35.3 36.2 36.8 33.07 -
8 SOO Ohad. iad 32.85 32.73
9 37.3 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.5 32.80 =
10 36.0 36.0 35.8 35.8 35.9 33.03 2
1 35.8 35.3 35.4 35.6 35.9 32.39 =
12 = = = = = = =
13 36.0 36.1 36.0 36.1 36.2 33.02 =
14 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.2 36.3 32.49 =
15 36.5 36.2 36.1 36.3 36.8 97 2=— 32.67
16 35.9 35.0 35.0 35.2 35.5 47 =
17 36.2 36.2 36.5 36.8 36.9 51 =
18 36.8 36.7 36.4 36.7 37.0 63 =
IL) 36.1 36.0 36.3 36.9 37.0 ig
20 36.5 36.5 36.3 36.6 37.0 56 =
21 37.0 36.5 36.2 36.5 36.9 45 =
22 36597 9740.) 7a7.0) © 37,4 637.7 52 32.86
23 36.5 36.7 36.8 37.0 37.8 71 a
24 Se O72 ON os <1 3757) 938.3 78 =
25 3/28) eo%ee 3/52" 55700 3757 66 =
26 38.0 37.0 37.0 37.2 37.6 264 =
27 37.0 37.2 37.2 37.3 37.5 “73 =
28 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 32.81 a
29 37e1- 37,0. 37,0 37.0 37.1 33.05 32.76
30 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.3 38.0 32.33 =
31 37.6 37.2 36.8 37.0 37.4 32.47 =
Mean 37.0 36.8 36.8 37.0 37.3 32.71 32.82

11

Table 3 (cont'd)

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

April 1959
Temperature °F Salinity °/o9
Depth
Day 0’ 30' 50" 100' 150: 0: 150!
1 Sas S62 36.2 36.5 36.9 S135 PAS: -
2 38.1 38.2 Soil 3750 37.1 24 -
3 37.8 37.56 3763 36.9 37.0 i746 10) =
4 41.1 38.1 Si/ AS) 37.4 37.4 SILA teh -
2) SINE / 38.7 37.8 Si/fers Si/ Ge 32.03 32.34
6 38.9 Site/G Al SYA G TA Siiee 3743 30.61 -
7 39.9 307 37.9 38.0 sKei5(0) 31.74 -
8 40.4 Sih 7/ 37.8 37.9 3810 S1y85 -
9 41.8 37/68) 3733 37.38 37.9 30.03 -
10 40.8 38.0 Sieh 37.0 Si7/ ts) shaci7 -
iil 39.9 38.9 38.0 37.08 37.8 29.47 -
12 40.4 Sine AA nee 37.4, 93726 - 32.66
il! 40.0 39.1 Sis 7A 300 38.0 30573 -
14 41.2 38.8 Sih (0) 3729 37.9 BSE CWA -
15 42.0 39.7 38.0 O72 a's) 37.9 29.93 -
16 40.6 38.6 38.4 Si AS Siied 31.49 -
V7 41.9 38.4 38.2 37.9 3750 PRS ILT -
18 41.0 38.4 STi. 37.8 / as) 49 -
iS) - - - - - 297, 1 Soil
20 40.7 40.5 SIS} Ste] 337/ Bie) - 31.67 -
21 40.8 38.4 sileys Il 3612 36.1 31.82 -
0) 43.5 392 Silas) 38.4 Seq 7 Z8e9'3 -
as 45.2 40.2 39.0 S82 38.4 29%, 26 -
24 43.1 40.1 40.3 38'. 7 38.9 30.54 -
Zo 44,3 40.1 40.0 39.9 39.9 27.80 -
26 43.9 40.2 O90 39,3 39.3 30.68 32.39
2h 43.1 40.5 39.7 399 39.5 30.24 ~
28 41.8 40.5 39ol 38.9 39.0 Sil 79 -
29 41.4 41.8 41.2 39.6 39.4 SL a72 -
30 40.1 40.3 40.3 40.2 40.2 32.09 -
Mean Mikel se) a0) Sis 5c) sie} (0) 38.0 SOEs 32.18

12

Table 3 (cont'd)

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

May 1959
Temperature °F Salinity 9/6,
Depth
Day 0' a0- HOE 100' 150' 0' 150"
i 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 Sif 7AS} -
2 43.5 39.7 39.0 39.1 Sieyeal Sl ez -
3 43.4 41.2 40.1 39.9 39.9 SHE Sis} 30/579
4 4353 40.8 40.2 40.0 40.1 Zoe 2 -
5 43.1 39/50 391 38.6 38.5 29.32 -
6 44,2 39.4 38.9 Sisha es) Sits} 58) 308 -
Zé 44,4 40.4 39%. 1 3850 38.6 29597 ~
8 44.8 43.4 Mae Sheila s - 29.98 -
9 46.1 41036 38.9 38.7 Shel Av SO -
10 SOr 44.2 39.8 38.9 38.9 29.84 32.43
lal 457.16 42.5 39.8 38.8 Sishu7/ 30.64 -
eZ. 48705 43.3 395 38.8 SHAS) 02 -
1S 92.0 40.4 39.9 38s 7 38.4 30.42 -
14 - - - 29.99 -
lis) 49.2 - 39.6 Sisiy7/ 38% 30.46 -
16 48.0 41.8 40.1 Some 38.1 48 -
IL7/ - 70 32.06
18 - - - - - 30.82 -
19 47.9 41.2 39.9 38.6 38.4 Cleo -
20 - - - - - 44 -
Al 47.9 43.3 41.6 39.1 38.9 Als\// -
22 Baler! 42.0 40.0 39.1 39.0 43 -
23 48.2 43.0 40.3 sie). ih 39.0 08 -
24 47.1 44.4 40.4 39.0 - Se0/8 BIZ
25 48.4 43.6 40.9 39.4 39.0 30.81 -
26 46.6 42.0 41.1 39.3 397.0 S37, -
Pai 47.9 42.9 41.2 39.6 39.1 500 -
28 45.4 42.0 40.9 39.4 392 70 -
29 49.7 49.1 46.9 40.3 39.8 AVATE -
30 DOR2 46.7 44,1 40.9 40.1 Sie ~
31 50.0 46.0 42.6 40.4 38.9 30.99 32.45
Mean 46.9 42.5 40.5 SO. 39.0 SHO) /al 325.00

562642 O- 60-2 13

Table 3 (cont'd)

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

June 1959
Temperature °F Salinity °/99
Depth
Day 0' 30' 50' 100' 150' O' 150"
1 49.8 47.5 44.2 40.4 40.1 31.48 =
2 20.2 47.2 41.8 40:0 = 30.80 =
3 48.2 42.8 41.6 40.5 40.1 Slo d =
4 48.3 45.0 42.4 41.2 40.9 .76 =
5 591.4 44.0 42.7 41.4 40.7 31.14 -
6 52.8 46.9 45.6 41.0 40.0 = =
7 48.2 48.6 44.4 42.1 40.9 30.10 32.32
8 48.2 47.8 “45.3 ° 42,7 41.7 31673 -
s) 47.4 46.8 44.5 42.6 41.0 32.05 =
10 48.3 45.8 45.0 43.7 41.5 31.69 =
11 48.2 46.0 46.0 43.4 39.8 . 66 =
12 51.0 46.7 45.4 43.6 40.2 PAS) =
13 Sia2. 49.7 “455.43 .0° "40,.0 18 =
14 50.6 47.3 45.1 41.7 - noth 32.00
15 90.0 49.2 45.0 41.2 40.8 33 -
16 S08 > (49 ..3'- 47.359 43.2% 741.0 -90 =
17 40.10) 47,99" 47.9: 43.590, 4262 2109 =
18 46.6 45.5 45.2 44.1 42.6 aisle: =
19 46.5 46.3 45.6 44.4 43.6 o1.09 =
20 49.0 45.1 45.0 44.4 43.5 30.51 =
7AM 52.2 45.9 44.5 43.8 43.6 = 31.08
Ze < - - - - 30.85 =
23 92.2 45.7 45.1 44.7 41.0 30.48 =
24 90.8 46.2 46.0 45.0 41.2 = =
29 50.2 46.5 46.0 44.6 41.1 = =
26 52.0 47.0 45.8 43.0 41.4 - -
27. 90.0 45.7 44.8 42.5 41.6 30.73 =
28 = = = - - 31.30 oto
29 48.2 44.8 45.5 43.1 42.7 - -
30 91.0 46.8 45.3 44.0 43.4 30.06 -
Mean 49.7 46.6 44.9 42.8 41.4 diene 31.83

14

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N.

D

SOO ON OU BR WN Pe

ON —
SOO ON DO BWD

hw
Ne

nw hw LH
anon B&B Ww

WN DN LY
(ay (omiocy |

w
a

Mean

Table 3 (cont'd)

Temperature °F

50'

46.3
44.9
46.6
45.9
46.9
A362
44.3
44.8
44.1]
45.0

44,7
45.0
46.2
OeZ
45.6
45.9
45.7
45.2
45.7
45.2

44.9
46.8
44,4
45.2
46.2
47 .8
48.1
47.1
AM il
47.5
46.9

46.0

EO 203201014 Wie

July 1959
100' Ts.0e
44.3 43.3
AVAL pe 7
43.6 42.3
42.8 42.0
43.0 42.3
42.9 41.9
AS lo. AZ el
42.4 42.1
42.4 42.0
42.8 42,2
42.9 42.1
43.3 42.9
43.1 43.0
ASRiorr 4g
4326) 14301
43.9 43.2
43.9 43.1
A3n oa c.0
44.0 43.2
43.8 42.8
A Sila eA 2ie7,
AG Ou eae
AS Die GAD 62:
44,1 42.9
43.8 41.8
ASiGpee oa
44,4 43.4
44.4 43.4
44.0 43.0
4455 7435.1
44.2, 43.2.2
43.6 42.7

15

Depth of water - 150 feet

Salinity °/o,

0' 150'

- 80 31.98

«98 =

ell =
30.49 =
30.27 -
30.84 -
31.13 26 OL
3103 =

30.29 =
Aol =
30.90 =
Sil e SS, =
Slee =
30.17 32012
TAS =
SC =
30.24 =

30.90 =

30.75 -

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N.

O

ae

ra QO |o
GO WO ON DU BP WD YH =

NOR RR RR eR ee
SOON DO BP WD +

a)
Ne

WNNNNN ND LY
SOF O OND WO PB WH

w
ro

Mean

Table 3 (cont'd)

Temperature °F

90'

46.7
49.5
46.3
46.9
47 .9

100°

44.8
45.3
44.8
44.5
44,1

16

70°05.5'W.

August 1959

Depth of water - 150 feet

Salinity 76.

(oy!

oe22
30.88
~90
30597
31.03
ool
- 68
34
28
SH

245
.93
022
219
31.06
30.93
30.91
31.29
36
222

so7,
96
«28
5 thal
«16
.24
200
36
-1l
44
31.66

31.28

150'

31.68

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N.

P
Be
QD lo
ts

SCO OAN DO BWNDY

Oe ~
DW ON ODO BR WDH

Nh bh
Nr

WNNNNN DN LY
OO ON DW B® W

Mean

Table 3 (cont'd)

70°05.5'W.

September 1959

Temperature °F

91.4

50.8
54.0
53.3
93.0
Do eh
94.2
92.3

95.3
55.4
594.2
94.5
Oe 2
9229
51.8
51.6
51.3
Obed

Se
Sb
BAG
51.6
Oa ik
94.1
54.0
55.6
Se 7
91.4

52.8

100'

46.8
47.3
47.0
47.4
48.2
47.9
47.1
45.9
46.8
47.4

48.1
48.7
VS)
48.3
48.0
49.9
48.8
48.5
47.6
48.6

46.8
46.2
46.7
46.6
46.6
47.0
46.8
46.8
46.8
46.1

47.4

17

TSO}

45.4
45.1
46.0
46.4
45.1
44,9
44,1
43.8
43.8
45.3

46.3
47.0
45.9
46.8
45.6
46.9
46.9
45.6
45.2
45.6

44.5
44.0
45.1
45.7
45.1
45.8
45.7
43.7
45.5
45.1

45.5

Depth of water - 150 feet

Salinity °/95

0!

o2L.22

ro |

275

267
31.54
30.54
30.73
31.40
Zone
31.06

31.61
32.28
31.47
.33
.76
«91
43
- 48
.76
- 40

ool
- 60
297
204
253
~ 47
.65
. 68
- 60
31.86

31.44

150'

32.41

31.36

oZal2

Table 3 (cont'd)

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

October 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/99
Depth
Day (or 30' 30) 100' ILIS}(0): 0! 150'

1 54.9 51.2 49.0 46.5 45.2 eyiletsyal -

2, - = = = = .86 -

3 - = - = = 790 -

4 - - - - - 3183 -

5 - - = - - 32.02 -

6 - - = - = 31.88 -

7 - = = = = sil ataks: -

8 Son ooe4 Ole 2 ee4O 2 48 2 32.02 -

9 SAR S650) e467, Sale - .04 -
10 5408 52.95 e522) 4 9R2 - 203 -
1l 54.6 54.4 54.0 51.0 £47.8 812 gil Sag alte!
NZ. 5429" S422 520 S0R8 - S132 -
iS 52s Gleod 10a OL 0) e+ Or 6 - 3233 -
14 Sal SA6S > ile leah shai) a7, -
15 92.8 52.4 51.2 49,4 49).2 Aue -
16 49.9 49.8 49.0 47.0 45.2 S209 -
17 - - - - - Sith atshe -
18 BYAns) seed wullgis ) bias) i 53 31.94 S94
19 HO68 7 Hilal S067 SOs Aoa? 32.24 -
20 W542 SOaw 49.8 48.5 46.2 .30 -
2 50.0 49.1 48.5 47.4 45.8 42 -
22 49.9 49.0 48.2 48.0 46.7 Oe -
23 50.1 48.8 48.5 47.4 46.0 .36 -
24 50.4 49.9 49.7 48.9 47.8 AAG -
29 50.2 49.8 49.7 48.9 47.7 .24 3 1282
26 50e2, “49238 9) 49.275 "48.9)) 747.55 .28 -
il 50. sa 503m OU. Om 48. fe... 6 S33 -
28 BHAI. Meike” CSilsel sesh leu - = -
29 50.85 005455 50 2 sO ss 49/59 3:2;.00 -
30 502.2 49.8" 50535 50535 49.58 31.66 -
Bl ss FOS ESS Aalnak AS) a 7/ Sls) -

Mean - - - - - OZ 0D

18

Table 3 (cont'd)

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP 43°31.6'N. 70°05.5'W. Depth of water - 150 feet

November 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/o5
Depth
Day 0’ 30° 50' 100’ 150! 0' 150'
1 50.8 D0R7 50.4 SOAS, 30)..6 Slie7.2 Silke teh}
fe DOK 50.8 30/8 90.6 495.2 34 5 740) -
3 - 50m DOL 50.0 49.8 SR Pas: -
4 SOE) ro)(0) (01 50.0 49.6 48.5 31.86 -
i) D053 Ore 50.2 50.0 48.9 32.06 -
6 SlveS Dle0 yl (0) SUES 48.8 Bae, =
u 50.6 ole oad SUES) 49.4 .34 -
8 DOS DOR 50.4 Oko 49.8 nog 32.26
9 AAS! -
10 29 -
11 SPAR PAPA =
12 33.00 =
13 Silas -
14 93 -
ils Sle) 32.64
16 32.36 ~
7 32:36 -
18 SUAS ¥/ -
rR) 32.09 -
20 31.98 =
2 32.04 -
22 04 312.010
23 sia =
24 32.118 =
25 31.66 _
26 32.54 -
PU - -
28 - -
29 ABCA) 32.94
30 30.81 -
Mean - - - - - 3126 LO 32.45

19

Table 3 (cont'd)

PORTLAND LIGHTSHIP A323) ON. © ZOO Sion Wee Depth of water - 150 feet

December 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/5,
Depth
Day 0’ 30' 50! 100! 150! 0! 150!
1 43.8 43.6 44.7 45.3 45.5 S79 -
2 43.7 43.7 44.6 45.3 45.5 -81 =
3 43.6 43.9 44.2 45.5 45.5 5S) =
4 43.9 43.6 43.8 45.2 45.4 ae) =
5 43.9 AS 43.9 45.2 45.2 2o7, -
6 44.7 44.3 44.2 44.9 45.1 98 32.379
7 44.8 44.5 44.5 44.6 44.8 aS -
8 44.8 44.8 44.9 46.1 46.1 -81 =
9 44.9 44.8 44,9 46.1 46.1 31.81 =
10 46.1 46.1 46.1 46.2 46.1 323 -
ital 45.8 45.6 45.8 45.8 46.1 74 -
2 45.0 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.9 33 -
alg! 44.9 44,9 45.0 45.1 45.9 noo 33.04
14 44.8 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.9 pele: -
eS 44.0 44.0 44,4 45.2 45.6 .00 =
16 44,5 44.2 44.7 46.2 45.9 710 =
AZ, 44.8 44.8 45.0 46.1 45.9 41 =
18 44.1 44.2 44.2 45.8 46.0 o2n 20 =
We) 43.3 43.3 43.6 44.4 45.8 31.86 -
20 41.2 41.2 41.2 42.0 43.2 Atshe) 32.90
Qe 41.9 42.0 42.8 44.0 45.4 Sl take! =
D2 A259 42.8 43.0 43.1 44.8 32.00 =
23 40.9 41.7 41.9 42.2 Air! SULA tei) -
24 40.8 41.8 42.0 42.5 43.3 31.84 -
25 41.0 41.8 41.6 41.3 41.3 32 16 -
26 - 38.4 SAS) 40.8 Ale Ano)} -
27 41.1 41.1 41.1 42.0 43.2 SAS) ih 32), 9)])
28 - - - = = = =
29 45.0 45.0 45.2 45.6 45.7 - -
30 41.2 41.7 41.6 41.5 ANS SA y// -
oll 42.7 44.8 45.0 45.4 45.5 S}ZAIG Oi -
Mean 43.6 43.5 43.8 44.5 44.9 SZ es 32.91

20

Boston Lightship (Figure 4, Table 4)

Winter and spring surface water temperatures were slightly above
the mean until mid-June, when the region experienced substantially
reduced air temperature anomalies which were reflected in the surface
water. Summer surface water temperatures closely follow the weather
regimes of July, August and September. The cold weather of July and
early August changed abruptly on the llth and 12th, introducing a
record sequence of consecutive hot days. At the end of August the
heat moderated briefly, but was followed by a second heat wave with
southerly winds; the middle decade in September gave New England
air temperatures that were 12°F below normal, and sea water temperatures
declined. Nevertheless, the mean surface water temperature for the
month was the highest since 1890. Surface temperatures remained above
the mean through December.

Bottom water temperatures were low during January, February and
March when the water column appeared more thoroughly mixed than in
previous years. Mixing again was responsible for the bottom maximum
in mid-September when northeast winds on the 15th and 16th briefly
stirred the water column. The thermocline was not permanently destroyed
until mid-November.

January through March salinities were high in comparison to the
three previous years. The minimum, the result of spring runoff, appeared
in early May and was followed by a second low reflecting the wet weather
of June.

21

(“IV6I-SZ6T POtied Joy uRow ‘wWeibetp Joddn ut eull peyseq) *6Sé6T ‘dtysiySTy uojsog ‘py oIndig

03d AON L100 d3$ onV aTnAr NOL AV ydV YVAN SIE NVf

°*%S WOLLOEG

SOs

—

a

Z/1 \\\S \
ou Nu \
\\

T in a ee OO€
o%S AOVAYNS :
|
4

ALINITVS -

°%

143543 NI Hld3d

SYNLVYAdW3AL

do

22

BOSTON LIGHTSHIP

\s
©
ke)

rt
=

E

CWOOAON DU BRWNHY

Table 4

42°20.4'N. 70°45.5'W.

1959
January February
Temperature °F Salinity ee Temperature °F

30' SO 95' Q' OSs 0' 30' SOF by
40.6 40.8 40.8 32.58 - SO een. 2 ae Oee =
Ale 4153 Tl co 55 - 36.0" 359° 36.0) =3'626
41.2 41.2 41.4 51 - Seley sheesh Ow rny Ay relents,
41.0 40.8 41.0 32.47 - S067 Die een Gg

- - - - - 36.0 36.3 36.2 -

- - - - - Sistqey hale He mshspatel -

- - - - - Sell | eho Ais HAP” SH Ale)

- - - 36.4 3655 36.5 36.4
40.0 40.1 40.1 32.64 - - Sol Coole
40.1 40.2 40.2 73 - 36.1 36.0) 35.1 3601
39.2 - - 68 - SOc - - -
40.1 40.1 40.1 74 - 36,2 36.1 36.1 -
40.1 - - 92 - 36.0 9 36.009 3631) 936 1
8900 GOI is pecon3 $710 3257 oD: 36.9 36,9) 36.8 -
B91 39.0) 3958 73 - 37.2 3000 30.10
SO Ole OO. Ls oom S 71 - 36.1 36.7 36.6 36.8
3920) 13950 7 3901 68 - 30.2) soso o0el s6R9
SIG Ee eciia” Aes) - 36.9 37.1 36.9
39.0 - - 74 - - - - -
39.50 39.0) 39.0 75 - 30.9 O59.9 Bod -
37.7 38.0) 38:50 226: iS2e7 2 3624) 936.6 36.7) 36.8
Gel wes Gree - 65 - 3651) 36. 1!) 6c] -
Bid/ Ae) - - 63 - Shock Stops) sia) -
36.8 36.7 36.8 62 - = - - -
Bee OT wie - 67 - Om earn] ere! =
36.7 - 64 - 39.8) “39.6. 39.58 3558
3620 36.) 93651 58 - ioc ia cohoiilee Hope sHelrel
36.0) 93620 936.0 260) 32;7160 3651 SG6.17 SG. 1-36. 7

- - .40 -
BOMOMEE OWE. - 62 =
36.0 9316.0" .36..,0 32.602 -
B8n 6243857, - 32.64 - 86nd) 3051) 930.0 =

23

Depth of water - 96 feet

Salinity °/oo

SAG TAS)

95"

32.86

BOSTON LIGHTSHIP

E
FR
O\4
a

OCOWOOAN DUM fkwWN re

we

—
we

12

Mean

* 27 April- 5 June bucket thermometer readings only.

Temperature °F

36.0

March

35.7
36.0
36.0

36.0

Table 4 (cont'd)

42°20.4'N.

1959

Salinity a °

32.63

95'

32.69

24

70°45.5'W.

Temperature °F

37.3
37.1
37.3
38.1
37.8
38.2
38.4
39.1
38.5
Sigal

38.7
39.5
39.6
39.5
41.7
40.6
41.7
41.2
Aln9
42.3

42.8
42.4
42.7
42.9
43.7
42.1

Depth of water - 96 feet

wo

N
OC rebar ets CVE TI rye ne
MNP OWWW BO WO PY

April *

S}s)-

36.2
36,2
36.2
36.7
36.7
36.4

Salinity ee °

oO"

32

30.

31

32
32

.34

95'

32.69

32.50

BOSTON LIGHTSHIP

1s)
Bk
Wile
=a

=
OWOONODUWBWN

a
Nor

13

May

Temperature °F

30'

50'

95'

42°20.4'N.

Table 4 (cont'd)

1959

Salinity os °

30.

31.

Sie

30.
31.

31.

30.

25

70°45 .5'W.

June

Temperature °F

0' 30' 50' 95!

Depth of water - 96 feet

Salinity ee ©

aoe

95"

BOSTON LIGHTSHIP

o
o
ie)
ct
fer

E

ODOWOON DW BWNMP-

i

a
—

Wy

NPP RPP RR Be
CWOON DO & W

mw HY
Ne

WNNNNN DN HY
COON DW & W

w
bb

Mean

(>)

DaAaunnaanninn
Orwoownnodr © WO OO

aAnaoaoninnwnanain
Orrrowoo wn o
. (ied °

NAMAAAADANAWHDWNAD
Ororodsewmdad-r-rWvo oO
° 8 6 . . °

un
wo
.

Cipenr) . °
FP ODerY OF OC OF +Y

. 6 6 apne .
ONrF OWDON WO NY

. ° rane) .
NP POW HOMONM OC

(oe)

July

Temperature °F

44,
44,
44,
44,
45.
44,
44,
43.
43.
44,
45.

45.

eo ee 1s el «© 6 6 ‘8 6
NDON OFMON HH

. ¢ @ @) 6s “« ‘s) .
oa ant an H oO OC Dp

WroOrwWd spNOON CO

Table 4 (cont'd)
42°20.4'N. 70°45.5'W.
1959

August

Salinity Jon Temperature °F

30.74 = 99.8 53.8 45.9 =
97 = 61.4 48.2 45.2 43.5
30.99 = 60.9 47.3 45.2 43.5
= = 58.8 48.0 45.6 43.3
30.83 = 61.4 53.4 47.0 43.8
30.85 = 61.5 54.0 47.2 44.0
31.03 = 62.8 55.7 48.0 44.0
-00 = 63.4 55.0 47.8 43.9
31.07 = = = = =
30.92 = 65.0 61.1 52.1 45.1
31.01 = 6408) 860575 o0. 28. 457.0
07 = 6553 “62.8 9 S628) 45.2
31.08 = 65.8 55.2 51.3 44.3
30.75 32.05 Go. 6256) 30k 88 ond
61 = 67.3 56.8 50.8 44.5
66 = 66.508 “O73 5020) 44 ail
77 = 67.3 60.6 S123 4558
Us) = 7003 "62.0% ©5450 =
64 = 68.7 58.6 51.2 46.0
30.36 = 65,0) 50.2) 84827 546.3
= = 66.4 55.7 48.8 =
30.55 = 62.9 S624 49.58 46.9
ts = 6476 60.65) 527 14659
76 = 63.4 60.1 53.7 45.8
76 = 65.8 61.0 54.0 45.5
89 = 6358, “590 od.109" 4559
90 = 651) 35923 51.0 =
88 = 65.8 57.8 50.2 46.4
2 Or = Gon JO 8 weo2. Ome aoeZ
30.88 = 67.5 58.0 47.8 46.3
30.85 = 64.4 56.8 49.9 45.1

26

Depth of water - 96 feet

Salinity C78 °

31

31

yl

.23

209
-ol
aye
45
.49
32h
-41
.33
Sak

16

38

32

95!

Table 4 (cont'd)

BOSTON LIGHTSHIP 42°20.4'N. 70°45.5'W. Depth of water - 96 feet
1959
September October
Temperature °F Salnity Een Temperature °F Salinity °/oo
Depth
Day OF 30' 50' s)eye 0' oon 0' SOs 50' Shisye 0' 95"
1 68.9 5927 )52.2. 46,4 31.41 = GL 0m o8e 20h o4..0 ~ SURV AS: -
2 69.2 58.0 49.3 46.8 Al 37.42 60.1 59.9 (57.8 - 1s -
3 68.0) 60.15 Sil 47.1 oe - 60.0 59.9 55.4 - 72 -
4 690M OSS M5 0Ss 47 a2 27 - GORI 35758) 252.8 9747.6 75 -
5) 674.4° 59.2 52.1 47.5 mis) - 99.8 57.8 54.1 48.5 80 -
6 69.6 58.5 52.8 48.0 Si. 00 - DO eGo wee! 475.2 70 -
i 67.8 60.4 55.5 49.2 30.96 - Gf oO sno ei/, - Siishe sein vhs:
8 66.8.) 6) 0058.53: 2497.2 31.16 = D609 sO8.0° OO.2 497.2 81 =
9 68.8 65.0 58.4 48.8 14 31.49 Shekees) relsinte) mest ys) 0) (0) 72 -
10 6752 605.6 58.0 49.7 27 - DO.on OGel oF al S02 Zt -
vik 66.2 65.2 55.1] 48.7 29 - NO oes O79) 2 O00 74 -
12 64.8 64.3 64.1 50.9 36 - DOG wooed | Oe O oOlno TEs -
iS 64.8 63.7 (62.9 350.9 36 - IO) wee BOO OO OleZ 83 -
14 64.1 64.1 63.8 49.8 38 - 97.0 96.9 56.8 49.9 82°" S2a21
1S 6362 62.9) 60.0" 49.5 38 - JOeo | OOS S02) o0e.2 85 -
16 DOe/ | oO D5 40) O08 7 56) 93.161 54.1 54.1 54.0 50.0 80 -
17 SCS) SISTA S BSS) eam leads 59 - DOs) OO 02 49.2 82 -
18 99.8 59.2 59.0 48 - 96.3 56.1 56.0 = 83 -
19 Wied Oso iy ad) 200m) 54 - Deo) Os. 9) Sod .b) Ooiad 98 -
20 BAS) SRIGCA SIGIRIA sieists) 49 - SOno oO ob n0 - 92 -
2 GOG7> 9992 5858) 53750 <0 - Sie A SeelateiMsrsinien Me ZAq0) O98! 3225
22 ole2° 6050! 58.0 “S0.3 Oe = Wee Vee lt Ziel, 150)s0 32.09 =
23 ROAM EslAAi’A 0) SSe7 “02.9 52.53 49.9 sill ote! -
24 Gi.2 > “60.1 5.7.0 490.1 og - - - - - - -
25 61.1 S8.9 56.8 48.7 55 - Doe2) 250 SoZecs eZ) SHeatswé -
26 60.1 59.0 56.0 48.0 61 - 94.0 952.8 5252) 49.1 98 =
27 bled o9.o oon.) AB oT . 64 - D269) i269) 55202 - 94 -
28 Gif ee Oe OO cel = 64 - DA le 2s Oe ue 4 Bad JOP SoZ
29 OLe7 60,1) 5456 - 70 - S204) video ole 48.0 .98 -
30 6126) 59.3 5c.6 947.4 CHIE Atshay - D2 b Poel? eo? al 4925 Als -
‘shal Oo oO ola, 4292 ols 95 -

Mean 63.9 60.4 56.6 49.9 31.43 31.68 56.3 59.8 54.9 49.8 31.85 32.08

27

Table 4 (cont'd)

BOSTON LIGHTSHIP 42°20.4'N. 70°45.5'W. Depth of water - 96 feet
1959
November December
Temperature °F Salinity a A Temperature °F Salinity ae
Depth

Day 0' 30" 50' 95% 0' 95' 0' 30: 50' 95' 0' 95'
1 Weiog bisigal —bisieal GS) | shillicks - 46.9 46.9 46.9 46.9 32.07 -

2 Sage, (Stee sas wales x4 (07 - 47.1 46.9 46.9 46.9 32.08 32.21
3 She) Oils) Rubs“ alny/ 04 - 45.8 45.9 46.2 47.0 31.80 -
4 S169) foli4 “S12 47 37 00 S222 46.4 46.2 46.2 45.5 - -
5 Sloe eolwo Olds 84852) 9 2ci2 0:2 - 45.8 46.1 46.1 46.2 31.59 -
6 b1.7 51.4 51.3 47.8 31.95 - 45.5 45.5 46.0 46.8 31.78 -
7 51,8 S1.8 SI.7 48.2 31.94 - - - - - -
8 - - 32.06 - 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.1 - -

9 dled Solel ~ols0° 0R2 .08 - 45,2 45.2 45.3 4652 31.97 | a2itai2
10 50RG D0R/7 “9057 “S0RZ .09 - 45.1 45.1 45.2 92 -
ll OSS) OSG Sas SURI SAR Ko SAatoe, 45.1 45.0 45.7 45.9 31.92 -
12 S03 5052 S0.3 49595 31.916 - - - - 32.06 -
13 HORS eo Ole oO 2) OUR) 32.08 - 44.9 45.2 45.3 46.1 31.62 -
14 DlOm O06 504 O02 05 - 45.4 45.3 45.2 45.2 32.'09 -
15 50.3 50.3 50.3 50.2 04 - ll -
16 = = - - 12 - 45.8 44.9 44.9 45.3 32.04 -
7 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.8 ital - - - - - 31.98 -
18 49.2 49.1 49.1 49.1 10 32.10 - - - - 32.03 -
19 48.4 48.3 48.3 48.5 LL - 44.8 44.5 44.4 44.3 05 -
20 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 .08 - 44.2 44.3 44.2 - S229 -
21 48.5 47.8 47.9 48.5 ll - - - - - - =
22 48.0 48.0 48.1 48.2 18 - = = =
Z3 48.0 48.1 48.1 32 Lo - Asal 4301) VA3a0 34371 23230 -
24 47.0 47.2 47.9 - 31.93 - 42.8 42.7 42.6 42.8 51 -
25 ATi Cur ATae: pA l a1 On MOCO ZO - 30 -
26 a7 VSP 47 oS. 247 eo A473 oes OL - - - - 34 -
df 47 20 ATA a7 52. 4765) 131.99 - 42.8 42.7 42.7 42.7 26 -
28 A853 47.6 47.5 47.3 32.02 - 43.0 42.9 42.9 43.1 32.20 -
29 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 00 = = = = = = =

30 46.7 46.8 46.8 46.8 32.05 - 43.2 42.8 42.7 42.0 32.74 S24
31 42.2 42.2 42.2" 42.1 32.22 -
Mean 49.7 49.5 49.5 49.0 32.04 32.15 44.8 44.7 44.8 45.0 32.07 -

28

TEMPERATURE °F

So °

SALINITY

Georges Shoal, Texas Tower #2 (Figure 5, Table 5)

Except for early February, the winter surface water temperatures
were substantially below those of 1957 and 1958 until April, when
rapid warming through May and into June produced readings higher
than those for the previous three years. The maximum occurred in
early October, later than in any previous year, and one month later than
at other stations. The reason for this lag is not apparent. The subsequent
cooling was rapid; November and the last ten days of December were
the lowest observed so far at this station.

What few data there are for comparison indicate that salinity in
1959 was relatively high. During September readings were 0. we
higher than those for 1958. Low readings seem to extend throughout the
summer, followed by rising values in November.

60

50

40 SURFACE T, °F

34.0
SURFACE S %o

32.0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Figure 5. Georges Shoal, Texas Tower #2, 1959.

562642 O - 60 -3 29

TEXAS TOWER #2, GEORGES SHOALS

=

January
T°F Sal Vac
43.0 32.91
42.0 .76
42.0 .92
421 32.80
42.0
40.6
39.9
39.3 33.01
38.9 32.93
39.4 32.98
39.2 33.07
39.6 07
40.0 .08
39.8 £05
40.1 .08
41.0 33.28
Aq.3 32.92
Ate .81
41.3 32.73
41.3 33.08
41.5 32.99
41.8 .76
41.5 .94
40.4 32.64
40.4 33.08
40.0 -
39.2 33.06
40.0 32.99
40.4 33.00
40.6 32.66
40.6
40.7 32.95

Toe

40.

° Pe Pea et a Cee
Ore DWN WE DM ON
|

OrARMDPWOBKD S
1

e206, 826: pe etales ce
NONOWDWON
|

Table 5

1959

February

Sal Ola

30

SEISL/
39.9
Shela)
40.1

40.3
40.2

39.0

33.14
-06

dhs

40.2
40.3

April
Sal °/oo

33.10

Table 5 (cont'd)

TEXAS TOWER #2, GEORGES SHOALS

i

May

Sal "/oo

1959

31

Si/ie
57.

58.

98.

Stele
oF
Bs) e
Do
59.
RS)
59.
58.
59.
59.
59.

58.

2
7

5

1

7
0
0
5
6
6
2
5
0
7
6

1

July

gal °/oo

32.99

-90
32.59

32.53

August
ek Sal i fee
59.5 32.53
Deh DIZ OO
60.4 -
61.8 SAR
61.6 309
EES) -48
61.0 46
le 7/ 47
59.4 -63
SS) aks) .90
60.0 245
59.8 -45
60.3 Bye!
60.1 64
60.5 pd
60.4 32.50

Table 5 (cont'd)

TEXAS TOWER #2, GEORGES SHOALS

September

TE Sal “foo

60.5 32.49
60.6 .90
60.8 - 48
61.0 - 43
60.9 47
61.3 - 48
60.4 -49
60.7 .49
60.8 - 46
60.7 32.53
60.3 -

60.7 32.53
60.2 -48
60.4 202
396 299
58.9 293
58.7 299
99.1 294
58.6 204
59.0 .98
Sona Ore
60.0 Oe
60.2 32.53
60.0 =

98 32.51
3968 299
60.0 202
61.0 .90
60.9 48
61.3 32.49
60.2 Saqwal

October

T°F Gal Soo

1959

61.0 32.58
60.9 293
60.8 .o4
61.9 44
63.7 94
64.2 82
63.9 2503
63.3 32.53
yAaT/ -
62.8 32.56
62.7 32.59
WARS, =
62.2 32.51
61.4 -96
61.5 2995
61.0 .62
61.0 64
Ole 32.97
58.6 =
58.1 =
57.4 32.57
97.3 32.60
37 9 =
58.3 =
98.5 =
58.2 =
98.1 =
58.0 =
57.4 -
55.4 32.55
56.3 32.52
60.2 =

32

November

acer Sal eac

55.8 32.53
595.0 .94
54.6 595
54.3 55
54.4 299
54.3 a
53.8 61
92.3 OZ
51.2 61
51.8 61
sae 7a
52.0 57
oss 54
9261 54
51.7 209
51.6 45
51.4 44
Odie2 47
50.6 47
50.2 63
50.8 58
ojala 62
51.0 70
50.6 63
30% 2 65
ANY) 63
49.5 63
90.1 293
49.4 204
48.1 32.52
O17 32.97

December

T°F Salla/ae

48.2 32.54
48.4 - 60
48.6 .55
47.9 32.60
47.5 =
47.8 32.57
51.5 32.54
51.4 -
50.2 =
50.0 =
50.0 =
50.4 -
50.6 =
49.8 =
49.7 -
50.1 =
50.0 =
49.5 =
47.0 =
44.7 32.70
44.2 32.61
43.0 =
41.4 -
41.3 32.58
42.7 33.23
43.8 32.70
43.8 .86
43.2 -69

43.3 32.70
43.1 =
43.0

47.0 =

°F

TEMPERATURE

Nantucket Shoals, Texas Tower #3 (Figure 6, Table 6)

Winter water temperatures of less than 40°F persisted through
mid-April. July, August and September were warmer than the same
period in 1958. The maximum, greater than 58°F, occurred in early
September and was 3 degrees above the maximum for the previous
year. Throughout the year, all values were lower at this station
than those seen at Georges Shoals, the greatest departures occurring
during the summer season.

30-—TaN FEB. MAR APR” MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Figure 6. Nantucket Shoals, Texas Towers #3, 1959.

33

TEXAS TOWER #3, NANTUCKET SHOALS

Month
Day

OCOWMOON DO BRWNH

Be

Feb.
38.2
37.8
Helo)
3847
38.6
38.4
3734
38.8

38.4

38.8

37.0

36.3

sytem ce o: en to Stee. “6
ORN OW WD ON ©

39.

evel te) (er toni eis seu of vein
N@DOworonuous ££

oF) ie) 0, ie 20) (6.5 ise Le.
FwoUnoNnNnNn nN Oo WO

Table 6

1959

Surface Water Temperature °F

May

40.4
40.6
41.8
42.2
41.7
41.9
41.8
42.4
Aa
ADo

42.8

45.2

44.9
45.2

45.4

Jun.

45.6
46.2
46.4
46.2
46.2
46.7
46.9
46.4
48.4
48.9

Ae

34

Jul.

52.0
50.6
50.8
53.1
53.6
54.0
94.5
54.6
54.2
56.1

54.6
54.6
53.7
55.1
53.0
53.4
52.4
BY Acd/
Dorel
54.8

55.4
ERIGS)
55.8
95.1
54.3
53.0
52.6

Aug.

54.6
53.2
51.6
52.3
53.2
ole
51.3
Bla,
51.3
51.6

92.9
52.3
52.4
SAG)
53.4
55.3
56.6
56.8
© fiaie
07210)

SY aws
57.0
92.8
93.2
55.2
56.4
58.0

41°00'52"N.
Sept. Oct
Bin 4 OG
58.4 56.4
Note oe 4
58.0 5dI8
DiGi. 5508
Dia SD 7,
5810 50168
S80) 955.017
59a ycie//
58.0 5368
Beige) 54.2
DsiGe a eeles
53.7 92.6
53.9 48.7
55.0 47.4
55.8 48.3
54.2 49.4
54.9 Sz,
59.24 -
Does eH)
Sis -
56.0 47.5
55:39 B02
beat: 02.00)
56.0 SLAs)
Sone p20
Meals)» ela”
57 le Ole,
57.0 49.6
56.9 49.6
50i2
56.5 52.4

69°29'37"W.
Nov. Dec
5150 44,7
49.7 45.6
47.8 46.1
48.1 44,4
50,35) 44.4
Silico 44.7
49.4 -
48.3 -
48.1 44,3
47.8 44.2
48.2 44,4
50.4 43.8
49.5 45.5
49.4 41.7
49.7 41.4
- 42.2
48.4 42.2
- 41.8
46. AN,
46.1 39.8
46.4 39.4
46.4 -
46.4 41.2
46.7 39.8
46.8 40.4
- 40.0
45.5 40.1
45.3 40.4
45.0 40.€
44.3 40.2
40.0
47.9 42.3

Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Figure 7, Table 7)

January and February water temperatures were consistently below
the mean, giving the coldest winter since 1948. March and April
were "normal", May slightly advanced and June retarded. These
trends closely parallel the air temperature anomalies. The maximum in early
September raised the mean for the month to the 3rd highest on record since
1880. From mid-August through to the end of the year water temperatures
were uniformly above the mean, as were air temperatures.

aE

lu
a
=
kK
dq
a
WwW
a
=
WJ
|

SUREAG Emale. ot

30 —————— 1

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN. JUL. AUG SEP ocT NOV DEC
Figure 7. Woods Hole, 1959. (Dashed line, mean for period 1880-1956.)

35

Table 7

WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS

=
ie}
t= |
ad
fay

E

be
OCOWOON DU BWN Ke

ee
bm ON

15

1959

Surface Temperature °F

Feb, Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul.

31.3 30.9 37.8 46.5 58.7 65.0
300) 32.0" 37.99 947.5. S825 64.3
SI 9560) 6909 48 718. 2 6S.d
32.2 34.0 39.6 49.1 60.0 64.9
AR ea (h ee NACE RA ee ety a5
32.0 33.0 40.3 49.7 60.1 67.8
31.3 34.8 41.4 48.8 62.1 66.9
31.9 34.3 42.0 49.4 62.3 68.1
30.7 34.4 41.9 49.9 64.1 69.0
31.5 34.5 41.3 50.1 63.8 68.9

SOO 4 One 412 Ole LemeOO a lao Oe
3029 833575 “4157 voz. 62.85) 68.3
o1s0> 3358 9 459° 952.9 ~~ 63.1 168).16
31.4 34.3 41.9 52.8 62.9 68.9
31.6 34.6 42.1 53.4 61.0 68.0
3159 so08 42.9) “53.50 62.0 967.2
$3.2 35.9 44.2 52.4 61.9 68.7
$2.5 35.8 44.4 55.3 61.1 69.1
32.5 35.8 44.2 54.9 61.2 70.1
31510 3759 45.0) 55.1 9) 61.9 6953

30.5 37.8 45.6 55.0 62.1 70.0
$0.1 37.5 44.9 56.0 62.1 69.9
29.8 36.8 45.1 55.9 62.6 70.3
30.2 37.7 46.6 54.8 63.1 70.4
$0.0 37.7 46.1 55.3 62.5 70.5
30.0 37.6 46.5 56.2 61.8 69.9
30.5 37.4 46.0 57.0 62.2 71.4
3058 9936.60 4607 9857-9 622.6.99 71.8

36.7 46.9 58.4 63.0 72.9
36.8 46.8 59.1 65.2 70.9
37.8 58.9 70.5

$1.2 35.4 43.1 53.1 61.8 68.7

36

Aug.

71.8

G92
OVea7,

6Sieg

68.2

41°31'N.

Oct:

67.9
G72

66.4

66.1

70°40'W.

Nov.

55.5
54.9
53.7
53.8
54.2
55.2
54.8
53.9
S458)
52.0

51.9
52.0

BAR

47.2

47.0

Dec,

45.9
46.0
46.0
45.7
45.3
45.2
45.8
44.8
44.9
44.1

43.8
43.9
45.0
43.8
43.1
43.8
43.2
43.1
43.1
41.9

40.3
39.2
38.0
37.9
38.1
38.0
37.9
37.9
38.0
37.8
37.8

AND reve.

TEMPERATURE °F

SALINITY S%o

Buzzards Lightship (Figure 8, Table 8)

The winter minimum, less than 35°F, was colder than 1956 and
1957 but above the 1958 minimum. Warming began abruptly in late
March and continued until June, when a regression reflected
anomalously low air temperatures. The maximum in early September
surpassed the highs for the three previous years. Cooling was
"normal" compared to earlier years.

Salinity values vary very little at this station and year to year
differences are also slight. The 1959 values fell between those of
1957 and 1958 and were closest to those of 1956. The high readings
in September reflect the unusually dry conditions which prevailed
during that time in the East.

SURGAG Esilipens te
30 ao —t 1 | ee ae es Ce SS di 1 1 ——
340r
SURFACE S%o
cto a Oe eee ee
30.0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Figure 8. Buzzards Lightship, 1959.

37

Table 8
BUZZARDS LIGHTSHIP 41° 24"00"Ne 71°03100"Wi. Depth of water - 74 feet

Surface Water - 1959

Month
Day January February March April
T°F Sale ac T°F Sal fos T°F Salon TOF”, "Salo /oe
1 - - 34 32.00 3655 32.39: 42 31.89
2 39 8207, - 08 345 38 42 SMES 7A7/
3 37 01 35 23 35 34 43 32.10
4 38 02 36 48 35 34 42 31.85
5 39 01 36 32 35 09 39 85
6 38 30 36 35 35 48 40 94
Zi 38 Ibis} 36 47 35 B35 40 80
8 39 38 37 49 3455 14 40 83
9 38 Sy) Sit) BZ 35 02 41 31.82
10 36.5 19 34.5 17 it55 22 40 32.00
ikat ey) 24 34.5 29 35 RAC 40 07
12 37 19 34 27 34 28 42 07
18} 37 22 34 24 34 18 40 32e.12
14 37 24 34 17 32 32.03 41 3182
Ib 37 14 35 18 SD 32/3310 42 52
16 39 S2e Ll 34 hal 34 32.04 45 77
17 ~ ~ 34 10 34 31.98 44 31.70
18 36 32.17 36 12 35 SH/75 (08) 48 3:2...02
19 34 10 35 20 36 98 48 06
20 37 30 30) 45 36 07 44 02
21 37 40 35 54 38 32.02 45 06
22, a7 26 35 Bal Sif) 31.94 43 04
Ze 37 8) 34 33 37 32.04 43 06
24 37 ll 34 33 38 14 44 09
25 35 26 33 Bid 39 02 43 .07
26 35 21 35 25 40 04 44 07
27 35 28 35 40 40 ll 44 09
28 35: Sis 34 32.45 40 32.78 46 16
29 35 27 42 ~ 48 12,
30 Sb 36 42 31.92 45 32.06
31 35 32620 43 32.07
Mean 36.8 82.22 34.8 32:30 36.5 32.18 42.9 31.96

38

Table 8 (cont'd)
BUZZARDS LIGHTSHIP Ane ZASOOMN. ) ALoOOSsO0"W. Depth of water - 74 feet

Surface Water - 1959

Month
Day May une July August
T°F Sal°/oo T°F Sal? fee T°F Galli” fon T°F Sal° /oo

1 45 31.90 56 B2e20 59 31.88 69 31.64
2 45 .76 56 21 59 31.92 68 78
3 45 86 57 10 59 32.00 63 78
4 46 31.86 57 «2 60 31.90 64 it
5 46 32.08 58 .08 61 84 63 82
6 47 10 58 32.02 62 83 64 78
| 46 09 59 31.87 62 85 63 80
8 51 08 59 32.04 60 91 66 64
9 47 32.19 60 31.91 60 90 65 70
10 50 1677 58 32.03 63 89 64 74
1 55 84 58 ay 60 91 64 79
12 52 87 57 05 62 78 66 .56
13 52 84 56 32.14 63 .70 65 63
14 49 .94 58 31.80 64 66 67 71
15 55 3173 58 31.97 63 .24 67 79
16 49 32.04 58 32.03 65 26 65 78
17 48 24 57 .06 67 61 66 87
18 49 02 55 .07 63 62 66 73
19 49 1l 55 10 63 56 65 81
20 49 18 55 08 63 57 64 80
21 50 bal 56 .06 65 66 67 83
22 48 24 55 32.02 65 50 66 89
23 49 22 56 31.90 65 50 64 91
24 49 32.26 57 32.00 67 49 65 85
25 49 31.86 58 31.96 66 50 66 84
26 51 32.20 58 .96 68 46 65 85
27 52 20 58 93 65 65 66 86
28 53 02 58 82 66 81 68 83
29 55 08 59 90 67 66 68 88
30 55 22 60 31.86 68 67 68 80
31 55 32.26 65 Sen 68 31.81
Mean 49.7 32.04 57.3 32.01 63.4 31.69 65.6 31.78

She)

Table 8 (cont'd)
BUZZARDS LIGHTSHIP 41°24'00"N. 71°03'00"W. Depth of water - 74 feet

Surface Water - 1959

Month
Day September October November December
T°F = Sal°/oo T°F Sal“ /oe T°F — Sal°/oe T°F = Sal°/oe

1 69 32.55 65 32.14 53 32.17 50 32.10
2 65 -48 64 12 52 18 50 29
3 68 .29 63 20 55 19 48 23
4 68 -67 64 13 55 12 48 51
5 66 .58 63 15 55 14 50 30
6 68 - 60 63 14 55 26 48 30
7 70 -43 63 18 56 29 48 -30
8 70 32 63 14 55 225 48 10
9 65 -69 63 08 54 12 48 32.04
10 69 -59 63 14 54 13 48 31.98
ll 70 65 64 06 54 22 48 32.00
12 65 ©57 65 ~17 54 025 48 31.97
13 68 30 63 221 54 21 48 31.99
14 65 83 62 235 55 25 48 32.14
15 64 72 61 36 54 26 48 31.93
16 64 - 86 62 32.22 53 «26 47 -70
17 64 67 = = 53 24 47 66
18 65 62 62 32.10 51 27 47 -67
19 63 OY 58 215 51 -28 47 -98
20 64 -82 59 .19 51 28 46 96
21 64 86 58 32 51 23 45 3172
22 64 57 58 -34 50 -18 45 32.02
23 64 .39 57 30 50 34 44 31.90
24 65 .78 57 -06 51 23 43 -70
25 64 -68 56 13 51 14 43 -70
26 64 76 56 50 49 07 44 Us)
27 65 62 58 -41 50 08 42 83
28 66 -48 57 32.15 50 16 43 -98
29 66 85 = = 50 11 43 92
30 66 32.71 57 32.10 50 32.04 43 92
31 53 32.17 43 31.90
Mean 65.9 32.63 60.6 32.20 52.5 32.20 46.4 31.98

40

TEMPERATURE °F

70

60

50

40

30

Kingston, Rhode Island (Figure 9, Table 9)

The record at Kingston parallels those from Woods Hole and
Buzzards Lightship to the east as well as the lightship stations to
the west. The abrupt rise in temperature from late May to early
June was followed by a slight decline in mid-June. The maximum
occurred in early September and a relatively warm autumn followed.

S— es

SURFACE T, °F

ee = 1 en | ath Jt —
JAN FEB. MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Figure 9. Kingston, R. Is, 1959.

41

KINGSTON, RHODE ISLAND

NARRAGANSETT MARINE LABORATORY PIER

S
ae
oy

SOON DMN BWD

Table 9

1959

Surface Water Temperature °F

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May

= 34.2 36.7 = =
366/ G062 37.0 = 5267

= 33.3 37.0 41.5 52.2
SolerZ = = 42.8 50.0
35.2 = = 43.0 50.4

= 33.6 36.0 = 53.2
33.4 32.2 = = 54.0
34.2 34.5 36.8 45.5 55.4
34.7 = = ATS) eS
33.6 = = 46.8 53.6

33.8 = = 48.2 54.0
36.1 = = 48.2 55.0
32.4 - 38.8 47.7

= 33eGuy 09.2 4720 -

= 34.2 40.3 = 55.4
33.8 34.2 41.0 = 55.4
39.4 34.3 40.6 47.7 55.0
33.6 = = Vila si) a7
34.2 = 48.2 58.1
36.5 She) a) a al a

= 40.6 = =

344) Bons oe 37.9 9) 45.98 953 37

Jun.

62.6
63.0

42

Jul.

. 8 . 8 «© «
owoowWwwond re wp

Pte a a eee ee ee
WDD DAWDONFHF HF NH

.
(oa)

Aug.

68.0
68.9
69.8
69.8
68.0
O/reL
68.0
68.0
68.0
68.0

67.1
67.1
68.0
68.0
68.0
68.0
68.0
G7ecnl
68.0
68.9

68.9

41°29'32"N.

Sept Oct.
68.9 he vey/
68.9 65.3
69.8 64.4
69.8 65.5
70.7 69.0
GOR O50
1057 65.3
69.8 65.3
AVA 603
7130) seO5n.o
7k 0 ae ODie0
69.8 65:03
68.9 64.0
68.9 Golo
68.0 62.6
66.2 61.7
66.2 6153
bows 60.8
64.4 59.9
O39 58.6
63.9 SY/ETE
64.4 57.0
64.4 57.2
65.3 WAL
66.2 D7 of
yo Te pc Ara’)
65.3 56.8
Gos 56.7
65.3 56.3
65.5 9969

55.4
67.5 61.4

FAS 25°10 "Wis
Nov Dec.
D002. | ABZ
54.9 47.8
54.7 47.7
54.5 nL ed
55:4 F469
S603 46.9
55.6 46.8
53.6 46.8
Ses 45.9
dle 45.5
ey al 44.6
50.9 44.6
Didica 45.5
520 44.6
Diet Asen
50.0 AS
BO) Ai7/ 43.7
Sie al! 43\53
50.0 42.8
49.6 42.8
49.3 41.9
49.1 41.0
48.2 40.5
47.7 40.1
49.3 39.9
49.1 41.0
49.1 41.4
50/2 4028
49.3 40.6
48.2 40.6

41.0
51.4 43.8

TEMPERATURE °F

DEPTH IN FEET

oo

SALINITY

Ambrose Lightship (Figure 10, Table 10)

The data are sparse, since the vessel was off station in late
spring and early fall. During the summer the BT did not function
properly below 50 feet so no bottom readings are available. What
data there are, however, agree with trends seen at other stations.

Salinity values followed the pattern seen in earlier years.

The minimum probably occurred in late April or early May and was
not observed.

80

70 ae a

40- ~>— ee
SS SS ee SUREACE lea ah

log — — — -——— ~~ ~~~ —-~~—~-~~--~-~-- —--—------~-----
BOTTOM S%o
320 eee

SURFACE S%o

Figure 10. Ambrose Lightship, 1959. (Dashed line in upper diagram,
mean for period 1937-1956.)

43

AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP

0
©
ie]
ot
ea

E

hw
COON DU BWNHY

en)
WN re

14

=)

Temperature °F

w
j=)

ho OM

a yelohe- Getare
OFNr oO .OFo)

January

50'

95'

cS
fen}
eee eo ve buen eo.) Sit
non BNF

40°27. 1 Ni

1959

Salinity STs °

95'

44

Table 10

73°49.4"W.

Depth of water - 95 feet

February

Temperature °F

Salinity °/oe

31.58

95'

31.73

AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP

March *

Temperature °F

Depth

Day 0
1 S730
2 Sis} ais)
3 2
4 -
5 39.9
6 39/7
7 B92
8 39.7
9 39.4
10 -
ial 3740
2. -
is) -
14 -
15 Como
16 39)..7
17 39), 1
18 39.9
19 BOle/
20 38.3
fal 39.8
22 ~
23 38)..5
24 38.9
25 -
26 40.1
27 40.1
28 39.8
29 40.1
30 39.25
31 39.9

Mean Si}aal

39.

.
Pree PNW

oie
Mawr Or pnp

1

39.

Table 10 (cont'd)

20827 alee

1959

Salinity °/oo

* Temperature values approximate.

562642 O- 60-4

95'

31.42

45

73°49.4"W.

oO

HP SHH HPO Pp DP DL
WWNrFrFN DH OO

PEP HPA HP HHP H A
NDAOAUDN PW Ww BLY

HP ph
Ce een
Noon &

aw
cs

Gn oh, itv eRe eS earieerd
PHHNONN DOW HRN OO OO

Carer ier yueriauer e e e© e
DBOnNOANNF OC Oo

w
oO

APE HHH HoH DH AP
FP Orr OF NF OO

H&P EH HEH HHL PL
DN PPWNWWWNY DY +

Pop Pp oP wb
hPL Pho
ONOYN

Co MCh s Sy pce aCe coe mts cOnaerS
DBawunnr Oo Be WH

(esa Rin there th Lr hme Oe
Fonowo PN WN F OO

Depth of water - 95 feet

Temperature °F

an
oO

40.5
40.2
AN
37.6
40.3
40.1
41.4
41.5
41.7
Ar

41.4
41.2
41.0
41.1
41.7
41.3
41.7
42.1
43.0
41.8

43.7
42.9
44.9
44.7
44.4

April *

Salinity °/oo

Zor
24.
Zot

(AS)
31.

31.
32.
Sis
31.
30.

aa,

69

95'

AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP

D

ee
SOMO ON ODO BhWNY

eee
WOnre

14

oO

Temperature °F

w
oO

50'

May

95'

Table 10 (cont'd)

40°27.1'N.

Salinity “Te °

o°

1959

95)

46

73°49.4"W.

Depth of water - 95 feet

une

Temperature °F

Salinity °/o °

0'

95"

AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP

D

OCOWOOAN ODO kWNHeE

ro)

a)
~

12

70.8

64.9

71.6

68.2

July

Temperature °F

Table 10 (cont'd)

40°24.1'N.

1959

Salinity °/oo

95'

47

73°49.4"W.

73.0
73.0

71.0

70.5

69.1

72.8

73.4

65.6

66.2

69.0
70.5

71.4
Talend,
Malet)
Zilia

67.6

August

Temperature °F

95'

Depth of water - 95 feet

Salinity °/oo

95'

AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP

i

September

Temperature °F

Table 10 (cont'd)

40°24.1'N. 73°49.4"W. Depth of water - 95 feet

1959
October
Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity Wise
0' 9D" 0' SHO)" 50' 95 0' O55
29'563 = 68.9 68.0 60.2 = 30.80 -
75 - 68.8 68.1 63.9 52°59 ~S0..285 83232
74 - 68.9 68.9 68.2 - SHIbA (oul -
92 - 69524 "69%52 - - 31.39 -
94 - 69.5 6952 67.5 - 30.16 ~
87 - 66.7 6657 65.1 - 30) -
2980 - 6975.9 9 "6956753 - 31.88 -
30.05 - 68.8 68.1 - - 30.63 -
70 - 7052. 700), 69:21 - 30.233) 327.016
37 - Z05 Ie 70168 - S28 -
30.45 - ZO 7-020 - .48 -
31.24 - 68.1 68.9 6 - 31.06 -
30.70 - 67.8 68.0 66.1 - 307i -
209 - 69.0 69.0 = - 31.65 -
30592 - 69.6 65.9 65.58 - - -
S525 - 65). 1a OD). OD. - S193" Gols
-40 -
-48 31.99
31.64 -
30.68 -
S121 -
SLO 7/ 15) -
31.06 -
30.74 -
31.29 -
31:47 -
30.68 -
29.63 -
30278 -
29.92 -
30.60 -

48

Table 10 (cont'd

AMBROSE LIGHTSHIP 40°27.1'N. 73°49.4"W. Depth of water - 95 feet
1959
November December
Temperature °F Salinity yee Temperature °F Salinity ee
Depth
Day 0' 30' S0e 95' 0' Ciey 0' 30' aye 95)" OF 95'
l _- — — — - _-
2 4 - -_ - = =
3 p= - - - -_ -
4 -— - - - - -
5) eye, SOWA) cole - 27305 -
6 Ag 7 OR anol. - 2883 -
7 49.7 49.8 49.9 - 31.74 -
8 49.7 49.8 49.9 - 31.69 -
9 46.3 49.7 50.7 ~ - -
10 46.9 49.1 50.6 - 29.43 -
ll 46.9 48.3 50.7 - 29.37 32.47
12 47.3 47.9 51.0 - 30.26 -
ils} 48.0 48.9 51.0 - 29.80 -
14 47.9 47.9 49.2 51.9 31.46 -
US 46.4 47.8 49.0 - 29.95 -
16 46.9 47.3 47.8 - 28.81 -
17 46.2 47.58 50.3 - 21 600 -
18 46.00 7°47-85 502 - 29.56 29.69
19 46.6 47.0 48.8 - 30.14 -
20 47.0 47.7 48.1 - S333 -
Hat 45.0 45.8 46.6 52.2 30.48 -
22 47.8 47.9 47.9 - 32.45 -
23 46.5 47.2 47.3 - yal -
24 46.0 46.0 45.6 - 32604 ~
25 45.8 45.9 46.0 - S192 G1.
26 44.2 46.0 46.6 - 30.76 -
Qf. 44.5 45.7 46.2 - 30.80 -
28 44.2 45.7 45.6 - 28.28 -
29 46.2 46.0 46.2 - o2e309 -
30 43.0 43.1 43.7 - 1745 1G) -
31 42.0 43.7 43.9 - 31.18 -
Mean - - - - - -

49

TEMPERATURE °F

Texas Tower #4 (off New York) Figure ll, Table 11)

The record here shows a surface water minimum in January, a
warmer though static period from February through April and a period
of steady warming into early July, when temperatures leveled off.
The maximum occurred in mid-September, 10 days later than at
most other stations. Cooling was retarded compared to 1958 and
readings for the last decade in December were 7°F higher than they
had been the previous year at that time.

SURFACE T, °F

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Figure ll. Texas Tower #4, off New York, 1959

50

TEXAS TOWER #4, NEW YORK

x
fe)
=]
+
mF

E

i
CWO OAN DAY BWN Fe

PRP PRP ee ee
ANoau PWN Fe

19
20

CRicd/

Table 11

1959

Surface Water Temperature °F

Apr.

46.0
46.0
46.2
46.7
47.4
47.7
48.2
47 .8
47.4
47 .0

46.2
45.6
45.3
45.0
44,3
44.2
44,4
44.5
44.6
44.8

45.0
44.2
43.2
43.6
44.8
44.9
44.6
43.7
43.8
44.2

45.4

May

44,4
45.3
46.4
47.4
48.1
48.5
48.9
49.6
49.6
49.3

49.1
49.2
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.2
49.4
50.0
50.4
50.6

51.4
lea,
51.6
51.3
51.8
52.2
52.4
52.8
53.0
53.3
53.5

49.9

Jun.

58.

51

it ed Suet ue Yn Cte be ee et ok
NONUADAAN ON WI

NO PWH HP PHONY

OPNADHLAAND &

Jul.

o © © e © © © e© © @
NwWOWWDWAONNDN

eo} fer oC (st; tel .esie) ere, ce
OrowWow hr NYY CO

Ste) se) tei er joe yer si ears
NUaHDWHUYADAD OO OO

(=)

Aug.

Ola Sige eueiele: ewes he. ce: se 7° © © © © © © © © @
ODWDWDOONN WWrH CON WNON 1 Oe

© (8 64 8 (6 16) se ie 0: 0) 16
DOAnNODUYUND SPW PY

fon)

39°48 .4'N.
Sept. Oct.
65.6 69.6
65.9 69.4
66.4 67.0
5:0 6752
65.7 67.6
66.0 67.8
66.8 67.8
70.62 67.2
716 Sy/5 Al
Sie) LSS
73.2 67.1
USES: 66.2
Tied 64.9
73.4 63.3
73.4 61.6
Ural 60.3
70.2 60.4
68.7 59.4
67.0 De) 51
66.2 59.4
66.8 60.2
67.6 5 7/
O77 60.0
68.0 999
67.6 elGs,
67.9 Des e!
68.2 Sea
68.7 58.2
(Aan wifots
70s 58.8

Bei 5 8)
69.0 63.0

72°40.6'W.
Nov. Dec.
59755 0 ae
pote 503
LAVA 50/2
Di ol 49.8
BVA AWE 30
Dao 502
56.4 50
5652 50.4
DOs 50.4
56.0 50n 2
56.0 503
5662 50S
56.2 50.8
56.8 DOr
9069 20 a2
Does SOs
D262 50.6
49.4 49.9
49.3 49.5
49.9 49.2
50 a7 48.9
By Ay) 49.0
50.9 48.7
oO) 48.8
30 a2 49.4
50.6 49.6
Silay 49.6
50.8 49.5
50.0 49.3
50.0 49.2
48.8
53.8 49.6

Barnegat Lightship (Figure 12, Table 12)

The temperature readings for January, February and March at
this station are presented with reservations, since the bathythermograms
made during these months required rather extreme corrections. In view
of the records from Ambrose and Five Fathom Bank stations it appears
quite possible that readings are too low.

Relatively cold June, July and August gave way to an abrupt rise
during early September in surface temperatures. The indications of
upwelling along the bottom in September and October were more pronounced
at stations further to the south. On September 19th the thermocline was
virtually destroyed, but took form again briefly; by mid-October conditions
had become isothermal.

The January surface salinities were lower than those for the previous

three years, but for the rest of the season matched the earlier record.
The minimum probably occurred in April and was missed.

52

SURFACES |, oF

|
Oo oS
a Ro)

do JYNLVYAdWSL

562642 O- 60-5

/

/
LLY

hy Md Aa

Whi fim, My

Wy hp iif df

LEN SUS Uh ge
oly MN Of / 7a
/

i

Se pe ee
= ——— O_ ———_
—_— Sie eae a
a
eee Oe
Seow
ooe> >
L l Rawr
ro) ro ro) oO
nN t ©

13454 NI H1d3d

58)

°%

| ! ie
JUL AUG

BOTTOM S%o

SURFACE S%o
|

ALINITVVS

(Dashed line in upper diagram,

Barnegat Lightship, 1959.

Figure 12.

mean for period 1947-1956.)

BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP

17)
a:
Q |e

(2h

=)
COON DO WN rH

ee
NOW PWN re

18

Temperature °F

w
>

‘iis eerel (6) -e ).0 eres es
oOoOwWwOMOrneocneor &

January

70'

41.7
43.0
41.7
42.1
35.1
35.1
35.2
35.0
34.8

35.0
34.5
36.6
34.3

39°45.8'N.

1959

Salinity °/o °

0'

31.81
.64

70'

54

Table 12

73°56.0'W.

35.

Temperature °F

35.

Depth of water - 72 feet

February

35.7

35.

Salinity he °

31.94

70'

Table 12 (cont'd)

BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP 39°45.8'N. 73°56.0'W. Depth of water - 72 feet
1959
March April
Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo
Depth

Day 0' 30' 50' 70° 0' 70' OF 30: 50' TAYE 0' 70'
1 Sey sic) sisyatss i7/5(0) Siil Ate} - 40.1 39.2 39.1 39.1 - -
22 S602 9 SOn20 GOn2e Oe) 32017 - - - - ~ - -
3 eWene) siats) sists ails sts} 19 - 40.9 40.1 39.7 40.0 - -
4 Oi eee OT elem O76 Lem aiae es 32.04 - 40.9 40.3 40.0 40.0 - -
5 Oe 21087 OOO Ose 31.84 31.93 - - - - - -
6 - - - - - - 41.1 41.0 40.6 40.6 - -
7 Sed (S71 ee OL al Loved 31.86 - 41.8 41.5 41.4 40.8 - -
8 37.6 36.9 36.9 36.9 Arsh} - 42.8 42.1 41.1 41.1 - -
9 3724 °36.9 36.8 (S658 86 - 43.3 43.0 41.1 41.0 - -
10 Ciel sis ON aig0N aie l 90 - 43.2 42.6 42.1 41.0 - -
ll Seo Sele Oeele 7-6 1. 31.99 - 43.6 43.2 41.4 41.2 - -
12 - - - - - - 42.9 42.9 42.9 41.8 - -
13 - - - - ~ - 43.3 43.3 43.2) 43.0 - -
14 36.7 36.0 36.6) S657 31.42 - 45.1 45.1 45.1 45.7 - -
15) S70 82icd0 S0iee 137.0 93 - 44.4 43.8 43.0 43.0 - -
16 38.6 38.3 38.2 38.3 AS) ~ 45.5 43.6 43.0 43.0 = -
yf SW AC SYA BWA BLUR Si7/ 8.) Sid, - 46.2 44.8 43.0 42.9 - -
18 37-01) 3740 37.6 37.4 .89 - 48.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 - -
19 SHG) e/a) esate) © Sift} -90 31.82 48.4 43.0 43.0 43.0 - =
20 38.60. 37.9 38.2 38.2 46 - 45.3 42.6 42.6 42.7 - =
21 4021), 38.3 333° 33.3 ppl - 46.4 45.1 43.3 43.2 - -
D2, sisictsy eihsyate; Shsiats) | xisia ts) oli7 - 45.0 44.5 43.3 43.2 - -
23 39.1 38.4 38.6 39.1 31.99 - 44.8 44.5 44.4 43.0 - -
24 40.3 38.4 38.5 38.7 32.04 - 50.9 48.7 48.7 48.5 - -
25 a ee oe - = - = - -
26 39.7 39.3 38.8 - 99 31.95 47.9 45.9 44.8 43.2 - =
27. «40.2 40.1 39.9 39.8 31.95 - 47.9 47.3 44.8 43.2. - :
28 39.8 39.8 39.8 39.8 32.83 - 45.4 45.4 45.8 45.8 - :
29 41.0 40.6 40.2 40.2 33.02 - ASG. AS.1 45.1.°45,2 = e
30 40.1 40.2 40.2 40.2 33.04 - 46.4 45.5 45.4 45.2 - 2

55

Table 12 (cont'd)

BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP 39°45..5 Nie 23° 9.0..02Wi. Depth of water - 72 feet
1959
May une
Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity ise
Depth
Day 0' 30' 50' 70' 0' 70: 0' 30' 50' 70' 0' 70'
1 47.8 45.5 45.4 45.2 = S = = - = S72
2 48.4 46.2 46.1 45.5 - - - - - - 3260
3 48.7 47.3 46.6 45.3 - - - - - - 31.93
4 - - - - - - = = = - 31.92
5 - = — = - a - - - i =
6 - - - - - - 59.4 46.1 45.9 45.9 30.24
7 - - - - - - 67.5 46.1 45.8 45.8 .89 =
8 - - - - - - 63.3 48.2 45.3 45.55 | 30:82 =
s) = = - - - - 6453 “O19 9 45.0 45 51" sik6 =
10 - - - - - - 64.4 49.8 45.2 45.5 30.65 -
ll - - - - = - 64.4 48.7 45.5 45.5 31.12 =
12, S4.1 -48.0 45.5 45.2 31.12 = 65.8 48.1 46.3 46.1 31515 =
13 54.4 47.7 45.3 45.2 aid - 66.1 48.9 46.4 46.4 30.45 -
14 Seo Mes OO A oe) Adis 2: Sole Zome ollie ao 62.7 55.0 50.9 46.8 - -
15 51.2 47.0 45.0 45.0 - - 60.7 56.0 46.9 46.9 31.08 =
16 OOF Sas 45.52 645.25 31539 - 60.5" S658" 47.7" 47.5 See) -
7, 9263) 002 45.2) 45:2 42 - - - - 48 -
18 93.0 S0.1 45.1 45.0 42 - 60.3 58.4 47.8 - 50 325.36
19 94.8 52.9 45.3 45.2 24 - 99.8 48.9) 47.26 47,2 55 -
20 593.4 52.7 45.2 45.2 68 - - - - 54 -
21 94.2 49.8 45.2 45.2 209 Sls 76 99,35 55.0 46:5 46.2 02 =
22 55.0 48.0 45.1 45.1 ATA) - 62.6 47.6 46.1 46.1 63 -
23 WesGe 4007 | 4064 on iS - 63.1 46.6 46.7 46.7 40 -
24 S007. 4951 45.2 45.52 Gare) - 62.4 46.8 46.7 46.6 50 =
2s) 37 10°953.0" 45.7 45.37 .76 - 63.5 49.2 46.7 46.6 56 32.40
26 56.9 55.2 “45,4 45.5 91 - - - - - 66 -
27 Ke) RSet eNGys CES ALS} 97 - 63.4 So.6) 4752 4752 34 -
28 DS ol) oSele P4508 e45)..0 87 32.94 64.3 50.8 48.0 47.0 38 =
29 600° 53525 4537 45.-7 97 - 63.9 54.4 47.3 47.2 ae -
30 C053 999.8 945.57 45.27 92 = 66.58 55.2 848.3 47-8) Y3ili26 -
31 61.0 54.8 45.8 45.8 31.97 -
Mean - - - - - - - - ~ - 31.633 =

56

BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP

D

SHO ONO UYU HBwWNH He

et

ra
ry

12

Temperature °F

56.0

58.2

53.6

95.2

July

Table 12 (cont'd)

39°45.8'N.

1959

Salinity °/oo

0' 70'

57

[op]

wo
eu einie = Watice sae
NwoewWoOr ON OFY PDP

73°56.0'W.

Depth of water - 72 feet

August

Temperature °F

57.7

92.9
60.8
6852
66.0
63.8
66.7
67.7
67.0
66.2
63.9

64.7
65.7
65.0
65.1
65.5
64.7
6279
58.8
60.6
56.5

56.9
SOie7,
58.0
58.5
aw)
60.8
599.5
63.2
63.8
61.8
63.0

62.4

aL.

Salinity °/oo

70°

31.67

BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP

17)
Bk
Q |e

a

COON DUO BRWN He

ro

ro)
—

12

ee
w

14

ae

hy ote? ie
ODO Ww

Bote) 6) 6. (6) (eh .6 | 222 6),
ANMrPNnNWOWOWOWDND 0

Temperature °F

Table 12 (cont'd)

39°45.8'N.

1959

September

Salinity ot is °

OF 70"

. 68 -

31.79

58

73°56.0'W.

Depth of water - 72 feet

October

Temperature °F

fo)

wo
oP ate) ou) oka eib 0) <8
D~aUDnNOrY OO

a
wo
°

ry

68.4

Salinity Ss °

31.68

31.76 =

31573 =

Table 12 (cont'd)

BARNEGAT LIGHTSHIP 39°45.8'N. Tazo Wis Depth of water - 72 feet
1959
November December
Temperature °F Salinity * Joo Temperature °F Salinity Joo
Depth

Day 0' SO 50' 70' 0' 70' 0' 30: 50' 70! 0' 70°
1 60.9 60.9 60.8 60.7 £31.85 - 50.4 49.9 49.9 50.0 SUS / ~
Zz) 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.2 86 - SOR | 50c1e 5008 5051 31.60 -
3 O99. 59/09) 359.8) 159)7 sag - SOG Olja Orel Oral - -
4 593 993, 59.3 5953 94 - ORL 5050) 5050) 5050 - =
5 - - - - G7 - NOs SOs OS Nh eis al - -
6 SO ee onl O80 Ob. 206 - 90.4 50.1 5050 50.0 - -
7 - - - - WAS - - - - - - -
8 SOaoe OO OO - 96 - 48.6 48.4 48.4 48.8 - -
9 DO POS Ol Oe Dio) Odo 4 - 46.8 47.2 47.9 48.6 - -
10 Bias. BYES) BSA BAA Sa) - 46.7 46.4 47.9 47.9 - -
ll Die el eo Oe eoiO) S195 - 46.0 46.3 46.7 48.6 - =
2, SGaheroo.9) S69) 56;..9 S012 31593 47.1 46.6 48.0 48.0 - -
13 DOs OO TOO) o6.00 3.78 - 47.5 47.6 48.9 48.9 S102 -
14 HG) Dos) 3669 (56.5 31.86 ~ 48.1 48.0 48.0 48.0 78 -
15 - - ~ - - - 48.7 48.4 48.7 48.7 55 -
16 SOOO ODay soo eee ole 75 - - 47.0 47.1 48.2 36 -
17 5459 S459 55.2 55.16 -46 - 47.0 46.7 46.8 47.8 31 -
18 SoG eo to00) 95.8 o063 Bil - 47.0 47.0 47.3 4729 31 «43 -
19 Bia) se SSO) isis eisal sais} chi aiets) 48.0 47.8 47.8 47.8 - -
20 BSG) SAO CA eis al . 69 - S72 ATEN 4723 64754 - -
21 DAR T/S VARIA CasiSSaV4 ict) 54 - AT .2- 47.1 4753 “4758 Sil 674 -
Ze OZ Om O24 53598 54/50 .38 - AT el 47.1 “47.0 ~ 47.0 93 -
23 Di D268 O20 72 - 45.4 46.0 46.1 47.0 3100 -
24 S156 O20) Odeliyo269 15 - - - - - - ~
25 04 - 46.0 46.1 46.2 47.0 31.63 -
26 1 I yal Be} - 44.8 46.2 46.7 47.3 - -
27 Siac 36) S10) 5 Seoo - 46.0 46.0 46.2 47.1 29, 1:7 -
28 - - - - - - 44.4 47.0 47.5 47.6 - -
29 SisQ Bits) Sale eal A 31.54 - 47.1 47.0 47.0 46.9 32.17 -
30 500° S50 020) 50 S142. - 46.9 46.8 46.7 46.8 .16 -
OL 46.7 46.7 46.5 46.7 32.20 -

Mean 155). sb gobo 4 bola eo licog = Ay? CM MS CU ge) AS GZ = =

59

Five Fathom Bank Lightship (Figure 13, Table 13)

Surface water temperatures, January through April were below the
mean; the minimum occurred in late February and was below the minima
for 1956 and 1957, but not as low as that for 1958. The relatively cold water
which appeared here in mid-January is identified by the lowered salinity
as having come from near shore. As at other stations the surface maximum
occurred in early September and was followed by 10 days of rapid cooling.
From May to October there was a series of penetrations of cold water at the
bottom. The intrusion in late July, not seen at the Barnegat station, also
appeared at Winter Quarter and Chesapeake. This was followed by consider-
able mixing which produced lower surface temperatures and rising bottom
values. The second intrusion was followed in mid-October by the final
autumn turnover.

Surface salinities showed no unusual departures from the patterns
of previous years. The minimum occurred in July following a month of ex-
cessive rainfall. As at other stations, values were generally slightly above
the 1958 readings and substantially below those for 1957.

60

(°9S6I-ZP6T potied Joy ueew ‘wWeIbeIp 1oddn ut oul, peyseq)

035d AON 190 das oNV TAL NAL
a eS T T T T a5

"Ye5 NOOR

"6S6I ‘dtysiySty yueg woyiey eaty

AVW udV YW gas NV

wo OM to (1S

*€T ainbti

OO€

O?ce

°% ALINITVS

1344 NI Hld3d

SYNLVYSdWSL

do

61

FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP

e
Fre
Vl
rar

=
OCOWOONODA YU kWNH

ed
Wn rH

Mean

40.9 41.0
41.8 42.0
41.2 41.4

(40.0) (40.7) (41.3) (41.6)

January

Temperature °F

41.1
42.0
42.0

41.1
41.9
42.2

Table 13
38°47.3'N. 74°34.6'W.
1959

February

Salinity °/oo Temperature °F

31.84 = 39.1 39.1 39.4 40.2
31.87 = = = = =
- - 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.8
- = ANT 4le 7 Ale 49
31.90 = 40.8 41.2 41.4 41.6
31.44 = 40.1 40.6 41.0 41.1
= = 40.7 40.7 40.8 40.8
32.05 = 41.1 41.3 41.1 41.1
.23 = - = = =
32.01 31.87 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.9
- = 40.5 40.5 40.7 40.8
31.52 = 40.8 40.8 41.3 41.3
30.60 = 40.8 40.8 41.0 41.1
30.82 = 40.0 40.7 40.4 40.3
Stee = Seieal Shs SE 6G

- = 37.7 37.9 38.1 38.8
= = 37.9 38.3 38.4 38.5
32.59 32.74 37.4 37.9 38.9 391.0
-04 - 37.4 3726 ~38.1 338.6
32.80 = 36:8 38.1) 38.2 38.7
= = 3/.1 3851 738.9) 938.9
32.46 = 37.1 38.3 38.9 38.9
= = 38.1 38.2 38.7 38.9
32.69 32.74
-96 =
32.69 =

62

Depth of water - 87 feet

Salinity nfs ©

73°

FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP

12)
ek
QD le

t= 49

SCO ON OU kWN He

rl

iT
ewe

12

Temperature °F

37.9
37.6

37.9

eels Z4
39.9

39.2

March

73'

38.3
37.8
37.5
37.3
38.1
39.3
39.3
39.8
39.8
Sha?

40.0
40.2
41.0
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.6
40.3
397
39.8
39.9

39.5

Table 13 (cont'd)

38°47.3'N.

1959

Salinity e/a °

0'

32.84
64

32.56

32.48

32.97

63

74°34.6'W.

Depth of water - 87 feet

April

Temperature °F

44.3

Salinity °/eo

75°

32.38

FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP

7)
ct
a

Depth

E

i
SOMO ON ODO BWN PE

i
ONnNr

595.1

May

Temperature °F

Table 13 (cont'd)

38°47 .3'N.

1959

Salinity °/oo

0' 75'

64

74°34.6'W.

Depth of water - 87 feet

June

Temperature °F

Salinity °/,,

0' 73!

.47 =
31.37 =

31.66 32.44

FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP

D

SOON DUO BWDY

e

i
~

12

July

Temperature °F

Gis 2
61.2
60.4
S97
62.0
57.8
68.0
68.0
60.0
56.0

95.1
6229
60.0
55.8
57.3
56.0
56.0
55.9
51.5
49.8

lee
DiZjedd
50.9
52.0
48.3
48.8
47.7
52.0
51.1
49.9
51.3

55.8

93.7

54.7
vided

AST
Di2ied

Oiler?

eye

55.0

AT od.
AGI 2

48.6
49.0
49.0
47.1
47.7
46.9
47 .0
48.1
48.2
48.1
48.2

51.1

51.2
52.0

Didted

Sel

50.9

51.9

47.6

49.2

48.0

46.9

47.7
47.7
47.2
48.0

50.2

Table 13 (cont'd)

38°47.3'N.

1959

Salinity e/a °

75'

65

74°34.6'W.

Depth of water - 87 feet

August

Temperature °F

Salinity ee

31.61

FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP

E
Pre
D \>
a

SOON ODO BWDNY He

—

—
nm

12

Temperature °F

September

58.1

57.

Table 13 (cont'd

38°47.3'N. 74°34.6'W. Depth of water - 87 feet

1959
October
Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo
0' 13s 0' 30' 50' 75' Q' Ohh
31526 - 71.1 70.6 70.3 59.6 31.46 32.19
Zo - 71.3 70.9 59°59 55.9 27 -
nel SAR (oes “lates f/aleil (ts}G8) -30 -
26 - 69.9 69.9 69.8 57.7 31.71 -
27 - - - - - 32.08 -
30 - - - - - 32.03 -
30 - 69.1 68.2 - - SHES (Fs) -
26 - - - 42 32.15
Bey - Tile 3 70% 06208 5S). eee ola -
o1.33) 32604 “Mes (AVG SARA BGS) 30.82 -
- - - - - - 31.34 -
31.41 - - - - - 292 -
aZ4s) - 6857 68). 2567.9 99571 61 =
31.42 - - - - - 31.98 -
- - - - - - 32.18 32.01
3139 - - - - - 31.84 -
48 31.49 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 31.90 -
62 - - - - - 32.22 -
ith - - - - - 08 -
66 - - - - - 15 -
. 69 - 69:2. 65.2) "65.1 6458 14 -
582) - 63.3 63.3 63.3 63.3 .16 32.06
5i7 - 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.2 19 =
AG Rac le oS 63.1 62.9 63.0 63.0 s 02 =
204 - 63.1 63.1 62.8 62.3 06 -
58 - 62.8) 62.6 6256 62.3 32.02 =
60 ‘= 63.0 63.0 63.0 62.9 31.93 -
31.99 - 61.8 61.8 61.8 61.8 86 -
- - 6250) 61.9 69 6109 31.92 32.03
31.56 - 61.8 6128 617.8 6158 32.02 -

31.46 31.78 = = = = 31.81 32.09

66

FIVE FATHOM BANK LIGHTSHIP

iv)
oO
Ke}
aa
fa

E

CGO ON ODUM BWN rH

a)

e
=]

12

(eal
w

oi. sae) ee. slr 6
OPO BN OF

ek iat) oh) eis eh ete) al) en <6
rFPwmowWWDWON WwW OF

i)

af

Temperature °F

on
w

(ig Seen ie a ae
KF DOr rF OF

e

56.

alte el) @ cee, 16.) 6
RFP wmaWOrFrON FOND

i)

75°

61.1
6ls7
60.8
60.7
60.0
58.9

38°47 .3'N.

November

Table 13 (cont'd)

1959

Salinity a °

(ahh

32.
.18

32.
31.
31.
32.

Sar

SiAc

06

23

75!

32.41

67

45.1

48.9

74°34.6'W.

Depth of water - 87 feet

December

Temperature °F

53:.1

48.3

53.1
53.0
Odie,
52.2

Salinity °/oo

75'

Winter Quarter Lightship (Figure 14, Table 14)

After two months of near normal temperatures in January and
February, surface temperatures rose rapidly and remained well above the
mean throughout the year. This trend more nearly parallels air tempera-
ture anomalies than do the records at Five Fathom Bank to the north and
Chesapeake to the south. The highest surface temperatures occurred
in the first decade of September; the mean for that month was the highest
on record.

The three distinct intrusions of cold water at the bottom in July,
August and September were also observed at Five Fathom Bank and
Chesapeake stations. The maximum bottom temperature appeared on
September 19th after force 6 northeasterly winds mixed the water column.
In terms of 10-day means the bottom maximum of 66°F equals the maximum
or 1957-

Surface salinity during the year was slightly above those for 1956
and 1958 but well below those for 1957.

68

(‘OP6I-SZ6I POlied Joy ueow ‘webeIp
Joddn ul sully peyseq) *6S6I ‘diysiybryT seqyiend Jeu ‘Pl oinbij

030 AON 190 dis ONV TAr NAP AVW ydV YUVA g@34 NV 00¢

°%S SJVsuNS

S WOLLOd

°%

do ‘L 30V4YNS

°% ALINIIVS

SSS aNi dag

SYNLVYAdW3AL

do

69

WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP

17)
oO
"OO
+
=F

E

SCO ON ODO BWNH HY

41.4

40.9
42.2

Temperature °F

January

41.9

41.4

43.1

42.3

43.0

37°350"05"N.

Table 14

74°S56'04"W.

1959

Salinity wD °

70

40.

°° © © © © © © © © @
NONnNOCOWON Or CO

CM tet ee a ee ea
DoOoprwO WOO DY WwW

fet
wm wo

40.

fetch Ce Oh te Cae
LwWoooonn

Depth of water -

February

Temperature °F

41.

sie ie ie sve. ve: cs
Ore ONrF DY W

wn

96 feet

Salinity °/.,

32.83

85'

33.29

WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP

oO
+
a

Depth

E

OWOON DO WN Fe

e

rl
i

12

Temperature °F

March

43.1

Table 14 (cont'd)

37°5S5'05"N.

1959

Salinity °/ee

33.22

71

74°56'04"W.

Depth of water -

April

Temperature °F

96 feet

Salinity °/oo

85'

WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP

o
Bk
Q lo

ar

COON DUO BWNDN He

ae

56.8
57.7
99.2
Bera

61.3

63.6

May

Temperature °F

48.9
48.9

51.4
90.1

54.7

58.0
56.8

57.8

58.2

ESR)
61.0
59.5
58.2
57.4
60.3
60.8
66.1
57.43
61.6
58.8

56.2

48.3 48.0
48.7 48.0
49.0 48.0
49% 0 74726
48.9 48.1
48.9 48.0
49.2 48.0
49.6 48.0
49.9 48.8
49.0 48.2

49.6 48.1
49.7 48.1
48.8 47.9
54.3 47.8
52.1 48.0
53.9 48.0
50.9 48.2
49.8 48.3
51.0 49.0
51.1 48.8

Sie 24809
50.7 48.5
51.3 48.8
50.7 48.8
30.9 49/.9
50.8 50.2
51.0 50.0
90.9 49.0
50/76. 4970
S60" 49/50
back) cece

50.6 48.5

37°55'05"N,

Table 14 (cont'd)

1959

Salinity °/oo

85!

72

74°S56'04"W.

56.

Depth of water -

Temperature °F

June

Slit
52.1
50.8
52.8
48.0
51.8
50.3
51.6
50.8
50.0

50.2
51.1

96 feet

Salinity he °

85'

32.81

Table 14 (cont'd)

WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP 37°55s05NN. 74° 56°04" W.. Depth of water - 96 feet
19199)
July August
Temperature °F Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo
Depth

Day 0' 30) 30} 85z 0' 85' 0' 308 50' 85' OF 85'
1 TAS 69.G Oso O4e0 31.87 = = = - - = -
2 Goe0 66468 (57189) 36,7 shi 3198 = = - - - -
3 UTSa0 MAsS Milas Se ygts CHER fofs) - TAS MELLO LIS GO® os 3 Sli S -
4 LOGS) HRA CAG. Bie 7 32.00 = 6929 68eO)= 15:75 9 0069) . 68 -
5 Tonle B19 ) 60D p54ed 31.94 - 69LA *68. 7 59.2. 56.16 EAA -

6 TEES) IPRA, SIO SASS) 85 - FILA FO 62 61s hoy | i/Aryl Ol)
1 UPR) WA ASY SRA! Mey Aa Sy - Ta se Po Oin OS'st2 OU 207 -
8 Uc TAURI eats eisiaal 67 - 71.7 70.4 67.1 60.8 Sf -
9 Teo OO OO Lem ose Btls i7aRtsi0) TASES) VANCE UGioey Vesac! BYES) -
10 Thad (6458) 59545 Vo 16 62 - TANG 72.8 9169.8 57 67 ai fal -
1a 71.9 68.4 65.7 50.3 57 - Uses. BiSyack 270s} “EisyAts! -40 -
12 Tale 7 ae Pile Ole ON eo OFS 61 - 74.2 72.1 (64.0) 957.8 ~19 -

13 V2 72 lee OO eo dee 32 - 74e2) 7150) 636° 5952 Ze Zelio
14 Tio lh “7AOkatsh A re WeWAn 1/ 42 - 74.9 72.2 61.4 53.4 62 -
IS} 72.9) 70/10) (6151 325.8 .39 - 76.4 71.5 §64.4 53.2 55 -
16 TOL lec OOO Om Dyer Sis 210 2107 1569) 7450 6055" 9 54 0 -48 -
Y/ 72.7 69.7 64.0 58.0 3053 - sya (ALGYR Nin), sia fl -
18 Hoel. 66.0) 6150575951 31.29 - 14.0) 730) D4.1 5156 83 -
19 Tats WAGs Mats) « seeice 30.85 - Togo 62.7 90.4) 02.4 76 -

20 74.5 64.7 (56.6 51.0 Sik atts} - HD ca OOo BED s 2 oe O 98 32.56
Pal Usee Cele soci sila) .90 - TANG) “sysiels) Rieaes Nsysinal piesa -
22 76026 2620 16018 oll. 6 Sys) - UPA WSS ORGS) SSO 54 -
P63 LOI Shot L026 roles O Bi, - 75.0. 72.4 5950 52.9 .80 -
24 Fae6) 245° 9769) io0ie1 41 - 74.7 74.0 56.1 54.7 -88 -
DNs) 74.5 73.5 50.4 49.0 70 = sy) WAS) Vass sister, 89 -
26 75.95 Vise 90.0 49 C0 60 - Uda spl Sisiatsh Siva ts! 93 -

(Ath UO le2e 36.0. 00.8 46 - 17.0) 76.07 62.0 525.1 94 32.43
28 Zoe8 6920) OS:..0 54 - (oe L46.9° 67.8 S21 95 -
29 Zos0> 7238 57.4 51.0 31.09 = Uke, evfsraal “Txsio il | ewAgy 387 -
30 VU) SES SXAS UE = 31530 78.0 74.0 67.8 51.4 aisha -
31 - - - = Siler 0 = - - - - 31.86 -

Mean T7400 702 99.3 S227 31.51 32.19 74.8 71.1 (61.6 S48 31.70) 325.29

£5)

WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP

e
ae
VUle
ime

OWOON DW PWN FE

76.29
75.5
75.8

September

Temperature °F

60.3

68.0

61.8

67.3

66.1

85'

52.9

72.0
70.0
(Nets)
7059

As)
66.6
ogee
60.9
95.9
60.0
60.3
61.3
5956
58.2

Table 14 (cont'd)

37°55'05"N.

Salinity °/oo

0' 85'

31.72 =

31.51

74

1959

74°56'04"W.

Depth of water - 96 feet

October

Temperature °F

Salinity °/oo

32.34

32.18 =

31.94

WINTER QUARTER LIGHTSHIP

a)

a

bho
Chee SO Ohrid
ODO DWWNH

November

Temperature °F

58.

ce «© © “6
COON NFH

ook &

els eleieuy 1e) ea Net. ec
oWMOWMOO DO & fe

or) 6
or

>

o

fon)

i)
a Siem e)P a): tell te
aaounnn oe

on

co
BOR eC
aan ry

on
fon)
w

on

[eal
eo 8 © © © © © 6
OWMWMO OND WHE

37°55'05"N.

Table 14 (cont'd)

Salinity oie °

32.47

32.56

65)

1959

bh
ow

(ea)
—

©) ef opie wal pean tees estLee 4s
NOnNnWOaNY OOO

. eae ie) eke he) els io
wo OoOmMDNWNONnN WO WwW

oo 8 0 -« © oc. 16) 30
FP wWOONnNOON WO W

oe
&

w

74°56'04"W.

Depth of water - 96 feet

December

Temperature °F

ie eC eee a Toner eet ec ee
WOANNANN WOON

oye? Ae ie gee. “eke
OnOoOrnwooOD

* se « «© «© w© © «© © © «©
Oopowmdoundranon

wo

cs

of ers ven eel ete 6 eles
WONrFANWWHOO NY

e ba: W460 isi el sie) he
OPpPoOornowon

o «© «© @ © «© # © © © ©
AWwnwoowmdornown

wo

°
on

0 ces “or 'e miei cnet. et or ee) ae
MWONranwondnv

e546 bers a4) -8\ Me sence
bm OOrYr WN OWO

eo © 0 ee © «© 6 ‘© « «©
L£WOONWOrFN ON

foe)

.
N

Salinity ie °

85'

Chesapeake Lightship (Figure 15, Table 15)

After a cold January, surface temperatures remained near or above
normal into early November. In mid-August they rose rapidly and
continued to rise into early September. An abrupt overturn between
the observations of September llth and 12th produced a bottom
temperature maximum higher than any seen during the previous three
years. Owing to bathythermograph malfunction, the final overturn
was not observed. The year ended with temperatures close to the
mean.

Surface salinities vary greatly here at the entrance to Chesapeake

Bay. The pattern for this year shows no marked departure from that of
previous years.

76

("9S6I-ZP6I Potied Jo} ueow
‘weisetp teddn ut oul] peyseq) *6S6r ‘diysiybr] eyeedeseyo conanioia

930. AON 190 —d3S_—oNY. INP NP AW dv SW ONO
i iT ——— 092

"fo, SOVEHNS O82

Oa OUe we Oy.

°%S WOLLOG

OOe

ALINIVVS

°%

fas iN) HdSsd

do JYNLVYSdWSL

Uae

562642 O - 60 - 6

CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP

o,
eh
le
ep

COON DO BWNDY YE

ro

e
—

12

Temperature °F

January

38.5
38.8
40.3
40.0
39.5
39.0
40.0
40.2
39.5

41.1
41.5
41.1
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.0
40.8
41.0
41.3

38.6
38.8
40.3
40.0
ShIAS
39.5
40.0
40.2
39.6

41.1
41.5
41.1
all
4i1
41.2
41.1
40.8
41.0
41.3

36°58'07"N.

Table 15

75°42'02"W.

1959

Salinity °/oo

65'

78

41.8

Depth of water - 65 feet

February

42.0

Temperature °F

41.5
40.7

42.1

Salinity S/o ©

30.92

65'

32.23

CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP

10)
ek
QD |

=P

—
SCWOOAN DU BWNH

ad
Nore

13

March

Temperature °F

Table 15 (cont'd)

36°SSt074N. 987524202" Wi, Depth of water - 65 feet
1959
April
Salinity °/oe Temperature °F Salinity °/oo

0 65! 0' 30' 50" 65!
32.39 - 45.6 45.5: 45.2 45.1
- - 46.8 45.3 45.2 45.2
32.48 - 47.1 46.1 45.6 45.5
31.66 31.88 48.2 46.3 45.8 45.8
31.80 - 49.5 46.3 46.3 46.3
32.50 - 49.7 46.0 46.0 46.0
29.84 - 50.5 46.5 46.5 46.6
30.18 - 52.4 46.9 46.9 46.9
30.58 - 52.0 46.7 46.5 46.4
28.84 - 52.5 46.8 46.7 46.7
28.41" 32.62 54.5 46.7 46.6 46.6
30.60 - 48.7 48.7 48.5 48.7
31.56 - - - - -
27.03 - 48.5 48.0 47.9 47.9
28.50 - 49.5 47.8 47.8 47.8
29.50 - 49.2 48.0 47.4 47.3
30.37 - 4905. 47.7 «AT 25" A7e3
80 31.62 54.9 47.7 47.2 47.2
30.90 - = 47 yer 87,147 ol
27.88 - 59.0 47.7 47.6 47.5
28.26 - 54.8 48.2 47.9 47.9
- - 50.2 50.3 50.2 50.1
30.92 - S108) oils ESied glee
29.41 - 52.0 50.6 50.6 50.4
29.76 32.06 52.0 5022 "S050) 50,0
30.44 - 54.0 48.4 48.2 48.2
31.19 - 53.0 52.5 52.5 52.6
32.60 - 5205 50.2) 5020! S01
.76 - Seed 5067 50a7 5007
.76 - SAL OO lee © ole) Joe
32.65 -

30.57 32.04 51.2 48.1 48.0 47.9

79

29.82 32.41

CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP

E
oe
BE
[>B

SOON DO BR WNHY

981.7

60.4

Temperature °F

49.2

50.1

49.1

48.6

Table 15 (cont'd)

36°58'07"N. 75°42'02"w. Depth of water - 65 feet
1959

May une

Salinity exe Temperature °F Salinity °/oo
65' 0' 65' Q' 30' 50' 65' 0' 65'
49.1 29.54 - re) lay ile Sail. 30.79 -
49.2 29.36 - 6754". 51598 (SS 516 95 -
49.0 21.437 - 673° 52620 51.98 S19 62 “S207
49.3 26.89 - 67.08 O1.8e) Silken | Silo 12 -
497 27.503 - Wiaes wert J is 7> Sse tl 67 -
49.2 22827 S2e13 68o1) 56.65 54.75 53c7 BHA -
49.3 24.74 - Waa) olay Thy Saily Sey5 51 30/212 -
48.6 26.84 - elk WSK Seay 54 29).9'3 -
49.9 PAS) ASKS: - EO SASS) Gye, 57 i 30.525 -
50.0 21634 - (ANAC sas) Cysts bi <4/ 30573 32284
49.0 25.24 - iets) “Agi “S25 32.11 Zhe -
49.0 25.94 - Us) wyeleey Towel —(0) 25.84 -
49.1 27 ooo 32.69 PAC SRILA S67 26.70 -
48.6 26.68 - - - - - 31s0!5 -
48.9 28.62 - 66.2 65.8 62.1 60.0 09 -
49.5 29.05 - 68.2 66.1 58:..2 5720 172 -
49.1 20 L4 - 66.2 66.1 61.7 59.5 3182) 31696
49.1 26.86 - 66.1 64.2 64.1 64.0 32.09 -
49.1 28.07 - 65.0 64.8 64.4 64.3 31.86 =
50.0 29533) ) S267 66.6 64.7 64.0 63.9 31.96 =
50.1 29.04 - 66.1 64.1 63.8 63.8 30.44 -
50.0 27.05 ~ O77, GanlO 2.0) O2) Lemmo 2.0 30537. -
20.7 23501 - 68.6 63.6 60.3 60.2 29.216 -
50.6 ZOTAR, - 693 6251 S67 OBZ 28 col, 82186
49.9 29.96 - 70,9 6253 5851 “S80 he -
War 31.00 - U2 le O21 Oe Seo Sie 2 28.22 -
50.8 27.80) 32290 70.8 61.3 58.9 58.9 27.64 -
50.0 Ae) - - - - 28.10 =
30158 41 - 72.0 (61210 3582.8 5803 30.01 -
Syl a(0) 27.50 - Lore 9) 5837 584 Z29E25) -
D052 28.47 -

AGO 2 LOE O2OS 68.9 58.8 57.0 56.6 29.86 32.48

80

CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP

e
FRE
(oo ag
a

SWAN OO BWN eS

Ke

e
ee

12

Uh odl

74.6

July

Temperature °F

61.0

59.4
58.1

Table 15 (cont'd

36°58'07"N.

195

Salinity a °

81

75° 42'02"W.

s]

Depth of water - 65 feet

August

Temperature °F

[op)

wo
ou Sak oF One Chee! cay 6). 6 xe
DrFnNnnuownuaann o

“N

oO
oe ee ens! ‘ee ot
ONNOCOMrYN WD

“N

w
ei ee is ws. io 06
(9 Orn OO “1S fp

N
(=)
°

(Ss)

Sal

68.2

69.1

69.5

66.3
67.0

62.0

62.5

65.9

61.9

65.6

Salinity °/oo

0' 65'

CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP

ee
oe ag
r=

—
SOON DU PWN HL

ed
WNnNr

14

Uae)

78.1
Tih os

73.2

73.8

Temperature °F

September

ole9

Table 15 (cont'd)

36°58'07"N.

1959

Salinity aha °

65'

82

75°42'02"W.

Depth of water - 65 feet

October

Temperature °F

Salinity

CHESAPEAKE LIGHTSHIP

1o)
ee
QD |

m7

OCOWOON DO PWN eS

we

a)
=i

WZ

ee ee ee
OnmnNaunfw

NNN DN LY i)
on PWN re =)

WNN NM LY
CO OON DD

Ww
(=

Mean

Doe

OCOMWWDOONKFKY OHH

rFPrPNO WON W PY

i)

Temperature °F

oe)

rPNOODONrF OOOO

WNrFPNNDN BW OO

a

ow. ° i ie
FeoOooorrdawvor

November

ise)

ONr DWN W Ww

5 ance
MH OWOrr KF OW OCrFr

. . 2 e
ONraAwWAON DY

i)

Table 15 (cont'd)
36°58'07"N.

Salinity °/oo

32.19
31.30
30.62
26.81
31.42

.80
31.50

31.32

65'

32.01

83

75°42'02"W.

1959

° oe
Oo WWODD+-

OM WOOOnN wo

Part meth tet a een
Medi Ont OC ©) O1 'G

.
is)

.
(=)

iS)

. °
awwuono OH

OO RPNN DWM

et 6) so ele
nanaonoronuaga

i)

is)

Py

Depth of water - 65 feet

December

Temperature °F

(=) N rFoOoMmWoOomMr fo

i Sree 6/2 Orr oe es
norwnaooaonmn

[eal

elas fie
KEP OrRNF Ore

° . .
rFoOoOWOrWdaryr fo

aaen¢ (a seen ot, 0 8 te
nNornoornwm’in

ass

(=)

(oa)

Salinity a c

65'

Diamond Shoals Lightship (Figure 16, Table 16)

Because the temperature regime at Diamond Shoals changes so
rapidly and so radically, the temperature profile is drawn in five
degree isotherms rather than in the one degree isotherms of the other
figrues.

From January through April temperature fluctuated around the
mean in a manner characteristic of this station and showed a direct
relationship between rising and falling values of temperature and
salinity. During the summer months temperature was more steady
than during previous years and was uniformly above the mean.
Equally high salinities during the same period show that Gulf Stream
water dominated the area of the shoals during the summer. In the
autumn, temperatures and salinities again fluctuated widely as
Virginian coastal water at times pushed down over the shoals. The
first such marked intrusion began on September 17th and persisted
throughout the month. Bumpus (1960) reported that within the period
September 19th to October llth ten drift bottles launched during the
spring and summer off southern New England came ashore at points
between New Jersey and North Carolina, four of them rounding Cape
Hatteras. Prior to this no bottles launched in 1959 off New England
had traveled further west or south than Long Island. This excursion
of coastal water is associated with a northeasterly wind regime.

84

Ww
°

ES
WW
4
ve
[ee
2}
wn

do SYUNLVYSdW3L

1334 NI Hid3d0

DEC

Teo
SER OCT NOV

a BOTTOM S

SURFACE S%o
AUG

JUL

JUN

°% ALINITVWS

(Dashed line in upper diagram,

Diamond Shoals Lightship, 1959.
mean for period 1923-1956.)

Figure 16.

85

Table 16

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

January 1959
Temperature °F Salinity °/o9
Depth
‘Day 0’ 30' 50' 100' 150' 180! 0! 180'
1 46.8 46.4 46.6 47.3 47.4 47.5 32.68 =
2 44.1 45.2 46.9 47.3 48.1 48.2 31.05 -
3 45.9 45.8 45.8 46.6 47.2 51.6 32.24 33.22
4 45.6 46.4 52.0 48.7 49.3 49.9 31.93 =
5 50.3 50.9 55.1 60.2 62.7 64.5 32.48 =
6 Wek Voss /0ee Ee TANGA GR)6R) 36.32 =
7 54.2 59.5 63.6 66.1 68.2 68.3 33.14 -
8 65.2 66.6 67.7 67.1 65.3 62.4 35.74 =
9 - - - = = - = =
10 68.3 68.3 68.2 64.6 63.3 63.2 36.18 35.66
ll ay Os Osa 7 O8ne) Osis tial 09 =
12 56.2 56.8 57.3 60.1 60.0 62.2 36.22 =
13 68.3 65.7 63.0 59.8 62.1 63.2 34.24 =
14 58.0 62.4 63.1 62.6 61.8 60.8 36.20 =
1S 66.8 67.1 67.0 66.9 65.9 65.0 34.40 =
16 68.8 68.8 68.2 66.3 64.7 64.5 36.18 36.22
17 67.3 67.2 67.2 65.8 64.2 62.5 24 =
18 65.0 64.3 63.1 62.1 60.2 58.3 sao =
19 69.1 69.0 68.6 66.2 67.7 58.7 36.20 =
20 = = = = = = = =
21 = = = = = = = =
22 = = = = = = = =
23 56.9 S72] 97.0) 56565 596.27) 56.2 35.66 =
24 EV/6y Sins) AW TEES) Sa Sad 34,44 35.62
25 66.1 64.8 64.3 63.9 63.2 62.3 36.29 =
26 (De) TVS) less a y/o Ee, 36.33 =
27 AVA 750) GEES) ESO icy Ysa? = =
28 68.7 68.6 68.5 61.0 58.6 56.6 36.30 =
2) 61.8 960.0% 95928 9 95956 > 85958 7 5978 35.68 =
30 69.3 69.3 69.3 67.9 62.3 60.8 36.30 =
31 68.3 68.3 68.2 66.9 66.7 65.8 36.28 36.26
Mean 617 » 62.0) 7 62/5 6157 6121 605 35.04 35.40

86

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

February 1959

Temperature °F Salinity 7 36
Depth
Day OY 30' 50' 100' 150? 180' 0' 180'

1 68.7 68.8 68.9 O72 66.8 66.8 36.26 -

2 68.0 67.8 67.8 66.3 65.8 Odie 04 -

3 VAVEYA AV aal 69.2 64.1 Di/irenl Rae, 36.28 -

4 638.6 63:52 63aL 64.3 61.8 60.3 35,002 -

5) 68.2 682 68.1 67.4 6136" 95 36.20 -

6 68 68.1 68.0 67.1 62.8 61.6 a Ze -

7 G7 el 6721 66.8 61.8 60.9 60.1 36.22 35.68

8 64.4 64.7 64.9 63.9 61.3 59.8 35.96 -

9 70.9 70.9 70.69 66.8 64.4 63.2 36.30 -
10 67.9 67.9 O10 SW vA 66.7 66.2 36.29 -
1l 62.0 62.6 65.0 63.8 63 63.8 SoeZo -
12 65.6 64.8 64.1 OZ 61.8 61.9 36.02 -
ne - - -
14 70.8 70.4-° 70.1 et 64.6 64.0 SOe22 35.96
15 - = - - - ~ - -
16 66.4 66.8 66.8 66.8 66.4 IG 74 ioe atl -
17 Bl ae} 52.3 92.9 53.9 54.2 54.4 BoeDS -
18 PREM Teed 64.4 53.8 60.3 6220 36.18 -
19 69.2 68.2 - - - ~ 36.99 -
20 4736.) 48.56 52.53 53.6 54.1 56.4 32.98 -
21 Die 468) 52.8 58.0 58 60.2 Bond 35.09
22 66.8 65.8 64.9 62:28 61.9 sha al 35.097, -
23 - - - - - - -
24 61.8 61.9 61.9 62.4 61.0 Dib 30670 -
29) 66.3 66.3 65.8 6501 63.4 62.0 36.24 -
26 56.9 O57 Bifkoil SW/aly esac) SSA 34575 -
27 Ses, 52.9 306° 90.9 55d 56.4 34.02 -
28 Bisigy Sorel Doie20 5 OAL D067 5i6e0 33.89 34.83

Mean 63.7 63). 7 G3ec O22: 61.1 60.5 30010 35209

87

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

March 1959
Temperature °F Salinity 9/90
Depth
Day O' 30' 50' 100' 150" 180' Q' 180'

1 UGA Ta Sathy SSoS) aa ide 36.16 -

wD - - - - - - = -

3 So PLS Yu os SC) Meso)S) jz S)/4r74 ns) En YAS) .0-/4 3402 -

4 48.4 50.7 54.8 5o.3 60.8 57.4 31.84 -

° bala) ~SOsS) oils} SG SGisky SO5E 32.60 -

6 = = = = = = = =

7 66.9 66.9 66.9 65.0 62.4 58.8 36.09 35.84

8 62.3. 62.3. 1O2.4" (635 “60.15 © 5855 35.06 -

9 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.0 60.0 57.8 36.14 -
10 65.4) = 65.497 965-5 5 60.20 | 65.1 9 162.5 36.04 -
ital 56.0 56°50 S651 95850 58.8 959.1 Sinrid/ -
12 5b) peo 0 Oe ON Od 0) 09 au OO 34.37 -
13 56.1" 56.1) 08.0) | 64.78 6452" 162.72 33.85 -
14 5Blcie Secs. FOSS 8 OSe7 OZ. Sl mold 33.68 33.62
1S 63.8 63.9 64.1 64.7 60.0 55.6 35.68 =
16 Ol 7 Ole 7 MeO. 76 86203 9 1609 556.0 34 -
17 64.9 63.5 61.7 60.3 58.4 58.0 oF -
18 60.7 60.6 60.4 60.1 60.0 59.7 35.24 -
19 64525 6158 61a 2) (Ole Gl 60) 1: 36.04 =
20 6920 9968.0) 66.9" 65.0 9) 62259) 61.16 12 -
21 68.6 67.8 66.9 64.0 60.6 59.3 36.07 35.63
22 - - = - - - - -
23 5S lu OC 0 OS 0m 08. Leo 9 leo :.10 34.81 -
24 58.8 60.0 58.9 59.3 59.0 58.5 34.64 -
29 Toe 730 72.9 Oi 0354.5 63/40 36.09 -
26 67/51) 67.0 67.0)) 65.15 645155 6357 S6n 12 =
2a - - - - - - - -
28 = = = - - - 34.87 34.90
29 1362 13220 72.9) 58.80 56.308 ods 36.19 -
30 = = = - = = = =
shit Wo Wa Wiss EG) Syfet) SGS - -

Mean 62.6 62.5 62.4 62.0 60.2 59.0 39.09 35.00

88

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

April 1959
Temperature °F Salinity °/o00
Depth
Day 0' 30' 50' 100' 150' 180' 0' 180'

1 70.1 69.4 68.8 64.0 58.8 58.8 SOal7 -

Z = = ~ = = = a; Ss

| ig “gb FRIAS VAR SEAL / Gi) Sa 07 -

4 Gilyey WBE GARG) (igs) | tay/eel )/ a// 34.70 3b 50

5) 5862. S9.7 963.0 65.5. 57.8 57.6 33.60 -

6 67 Suee 07. 2a O 72a OO Oe OV niomN O76 7 36.08 -

7 GZeo0 O70 60.0 (63.3 8 96.608 ob. 2 18 -

8 (Hiats] ViavéR7/ | lig ale SiS A 5! 16 -

9 Anes asi | Tasigily Seeh ia | sia 36.00 -
10 64.4 64.8 65.0 57.8 56.3 56.0 32.85 -
ll 635,00 6400 ) 64-0) 63. omm oO. 46 0572 - 33.60
N72 - - - - - - - -
13 59.5 S954 5954 #5955 60.0 °61.0 34.62 -
14 Geld) (rats Vales (GG) sash Gopika 34.33 -
15 Bees REE GAGA TSZa(- NGOs “Say) 32.98 -
16 - (iat) SSR TiGiet SW GY 34.02 ~
17 62.05 70.4. 703 967.35 65.0) 64.9 34.73 -
18 62.0 68.7 69.0 64.3 64.1 63.9 sisi stele! 36.04
19 63.2 °° 62-0 60.0 9 6155" 64.9" 63.7 34.40 -
20 6330) (622) 615.7 964.7 ) 65:..0.) 657.0 33.80 -
Zul TAG 4. ON. 8 OSe9) G2 ele S612 36628 -
22 WOM) isha) Waive @ Beleeh “Mie)atsh) has) 36.00 -
23 52.6 S224 52.4 54:0 59.5 59.0 32.48 -
24 EA SMO 2 Cu Cie 2 EO .9 OL OG orem Ole BY ARIA -
IBS Meio eSeisil sia) Sev Ge CNR, 8150 Sie aely/
26 Use) Ps “Wile Wess WH/Well “770eal 36.25 -
27 - - - - - - - -
28 650 65.0) 65.0°5 673675 967.0 65.6 34.05 -
29 63.2 63.7 64.6 69.1 68.4 68.2 33.18 -
30 G70 - 687 5769.0) 6753 7 66.9 33.69 -

Mean 63.5 63.6 163.8 62.6 6132 6058 34.38 34.79

89

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

May 1959
Temperature °F Salinity °/99
Depth
Day 0’ 30' 50' 100' 150° 180° 0' 180!
1 59.8 64.5 67.2 69.6 66.0 64.2 36.16 =
z Tad 0a SIA on 0.2 6722) bold = 35.74
3 68.5455 73.0) 971.8) 9 69)90 5 65.10) 63.16 34.49 =
4 O97 OG. le 00 ola Sie:2 0 OD). nO 6 (2 34.68 =
5 70.9 70.9 70.2 67.05 67.8 66.8 35.28 =
6 Uos) eee ah Fane taisS) eae) = =
Z 74.9 74.7 74.3 70.4 67.4 65.8 36.27 =
8 70.1 7059" 973.9) 974.8" 6o.2 9 64.8 34.38 =
g 73.0 73.30 73.1 “70.3 67.8 66.2 35.95 36.08
10 T3e8 | Lot = 7.3608 910.4 9 66.29) 65.0 = -
vial 74.3 74.0) °73.8 72.7 66.9" 65.9 = =
12 TWA 7Ssel) 7367, 694° 69)..0 67.0 35.14 =
13 TD al Sie OGL Sia ial. 2 OO oo OZ iaL 34.79 =
14 Tere 7s O87 Zie Cees lire 2 eee OF oO OG, 34.58 =
15 7358 7358" 73.8 72.7 70.45 707.2 = =
16 iZi iO (lis Sie On A052) a OS e Lam O9.-1 35.54 36.19
17 7059) 17059 S058 71-8 7S e718 35.58 =
18 LL woe LOMO S02 ee Oe te e099 69.9 36.38 =
19 Tid OAS SI ie 4 1s ea le 2re10) me Hl sete = =
20 75.4 75.1 74.5 69.0 66.6 66.1 36.19 =
21 74.8 74.2 ~ 745 73.5.8) 9967.2) © 6651 sya 615) =
22 Tale (3599 370.85 741 6808 67.59 35.45 =
23 Eile Hele ile Oe Sif OOO O4 a2 36.28 =
24 73.0) 75.0 7 75.0) 75505 6558 (632.6 36.11 =
25 Thay OF aii yad te ee (hee EAA Wisiae) © 7/15 (0) 35.56 =
26 TASES ANGE) VASO Shins 9 (kes) Sy/ ital 37 =
THE Teal Tse)! has igs “Gays WG” 35.88 =
28 UA SEY PSG GS 678 69.200 6452 36.07 =
29 ESS TSS. WG ARCS RGN 5 eat: 35.90 =
30 Ted MeO) P/O e4 i Jone 7 Ol Oo 35.89 36.08
31 79.4 79505 977.6 974.0) | 695.2) 6655 36.29 =
Mean 73.8). 738 7358 9 71.7 167,29 6653 35.60 36.02

90

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

June 1959
Temperature °F Salinity °/909
Depth
Day 0' 30! 50' 100' 150' 180' 0' 180'

1 74.9 75.9 75.9 74.4 70.7 69.2 34.94 -

2 TACO TA Shee 4d 2 asl) 71.08) 68 16 35.45 -

3 76.8 76.8 78.0 75.3 68.6 68.0 . 38 -

4 HO aOele Hoel 74 68.35 Obrz -58 -

5 HOAs iow) Uosoe (73640) 7254 6733 . 68 -

6 Tis0,) S68) 76.9" 377.0 714 705 fd) S96

7 TIGL SO e780 0.8 See 269 .70 =

8 DOA ae) a i reill a 48) on 748 a0 -83 -

9 US se Uo) oe its GSS .87 -
10 Usaly UG UU hel HEB TACO TALS) 35.94 -
Wal SOR a) e79RG 8 27.9c0, enon) ZAR eno 7, 36.38 -
12 805255 7937 V78s0l 7751) 73.0 72.8 23 -
13 et) SG easy acti Ass) 7/50) SiG 12 ees 6.2.6
14 TOs 1 L007 Be eO. 7. folsG) pl ABs 04i.7 35.82 -
TES) Uishaslen | (ANAS ats See MTG) Wa Tit aS) meth ar 36.23 =
16 805309 78.8 —§ 7862 977.3 74.4 7328 -40 -
17 (shots (Ash stsy 1ate 1 Oe a aU - 40 =
18 USS PRD LCI SIDE VATE CE) aT LET -40 =
19 Uo Voi We Vas) Path t/a! .41 -
20 SOS 779.8) Oe Ale 74 7328 739 | 36.06
a LESS Y UES) ABO | he MS SiGe 33 -
22. BOS 797 792) 7082 75.7 9 7369 34 -
28) UE) PIS TGA VU Ae ES 32 -
24 SOR 7968 78.9 75.0 O8el) 66.0 36.26 -
25 SORS IC Ome 2o82e 974565 \G8io 7 F66.3 = -
26 Ge tat SOG) ve KW GEG H/ 36.29 -
27 7309 S18 10 gle W718 56 1 Foco8 6 6857 35.70 36.16
28 SO 2a CO Ome OO 6 ae/i/due 7 ORO) 702 39607 -
29 SII oO 4a SOLO 76.08 7 lon 68 22 36.26 -
30 80.3 78.8 78.1 76.3 71.4 67.9 = =

Mean Uhsios) Gas” Pevalaiss F sach 7sig ile pyle 36.01 36.18

91

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP

w)
a
>

Depth

E

CWOOAN AU PBRWNEHE

ro

ee
OONOA NO BRWNE

20

84.1

82.1

Table 16 (cont'd)

35°05) 30UNe foc 9's OW >
July 1959
Temperature °F
a0! 100' ISO) 180'
Sissy Vs eles 69.5
8128 74.3 68.6 66.3
Sel 76.0 67.8 66.6
ES EUAN eee) AW
SiO 807 7009 68.8
80.0 ae 08 68.0
81.1 8050" 75.3 — 73.8
8028" 79.2 76.0 Td
AD SNS WSO Reviciralt 6907
80.0 78.3 68:57 67.8
80.2 80.0 G70 67.3
SOnt me 790 ee 4c 66.5
isha Se OMe ofa lle 4
80.0 80.0 74.1 692
VIS) IEE OMY Ea WIPES)
82.8 80.8 76.3 Toe
81.8 = = =
Sie UT. PASIGS) 67.3
- 6769 631 O2ia2
elas HOm2 OF. 9 63.3
SO SG ice Ome LS 63.5
yh ee oii Tees: 74.8 73.7
83.3 TiGist) Wee Li Ale O
81.3 80.1 68.8 66.0
slay) 720.0 68.0 67.0
81.0 73.00 68.0 66.5
BZ Sy Ul 2 mes S10) 67.5
83.7 730 7450 67.2
heits) tele Wisi 7/ 680
Soe Oe i/ist olen 68.7

92

Depth of water - 200 feet

Salinity 9/99

0' 180'

39% 92

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

August 1959

Temperature °F Salinity 9/909
Depth
Day 0' 30' 50' 100' 1S0" 180' 0' 180'
1 8452 84.0 983.2 976.1) 969-9 68.7 GA igs
2 82.2 82.2 81:9 74.8 68.5 67.4 35.91 =
3 82.1 81.3 80.8 80.2 80.0 - 36.07 -
4 83e0) 82.45 78250 9799)" 76.1 9 73.8 35.89 =
bs) Sig {hiha) Seley Sey 7a 7a ae =
6 BWA) | AGS) | iicil GIERy = /E)oE) We 74 86 -
7 iiss Giallo) Weal) 94 =
8 Wier) Wey aac 7/IR0) Bos 9 Wales) 35.90 35.88
i) 8023") 791.9) 8053 9 ioe2 9) 71.6 — 7060 34.34 -
10 TS 51 eC SY OL oS ne Of Lilie 6923, 33.61 =
ll SORT Onl 7a 4G led a eh eit wee OO. cS Sidi 7 =
12 SSe2 822 O20 we 7 so ODS 68.2 35.56 =
13 SHARtS) © TsiAnes | tsivaaly © 7AsGt) 69.2 68.0 35.54 =
14 Biaos! tsiviges takes 7 asal 69.0 66.9 33.49 =
15 Slat 82.0) Sl 7 tee OS a3 65.9 33.49 33.76
16 82.9 BiWAcis) — {eWAGt) 68.3 66.5 66.0 32.83 =
Tk, Bays (Aa) ind 68.0 66.6 65.0 Sar Ore =
18 OSele Gch lao ONO slo 64.9 64.10 34.39 =
19 = = = = = = 34.40 =
20 83.0 83.0 75.0 67.6 63.1 62.3 39679 =
a 83.1 82.6 76.0 68.1 = = 76 =
De 82.6 82.7 76.0 68.4 63.1 G22 a70 35.24
ZS 81.0 76.4 74.4 72.7 68.4 67.2 5S) =
24 8026 75.5 74.6 72.9 68.6 = . 80 =
25 S32, E80 so 9782 = = = .96 =
26 84.0 81.8 80.7 77.0 74.2 = 14 =
27 - = - - - - 5 alis -
28 83.6 82.9 81.6 = = 66.0 .74 -
29 SSeS 257 Oo yO OSs oN OS 32 -81 35.74
30 Boel S2eGe 1S0m7 led 06.7) 66.0 .73 -
31 83.0 82.5 80.0 80.9 67.0 65.5 Como -
Mean Se Awe ln7 1802 7410 0 so OSes 35.09 35.38

93

562642 O- 60-7

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

September 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/o0
Depth
Day 0' 30' 5On 100' 150' 180' 0' 180'
1 SCai7 oS. lS ORGHmn i264 merece 0 65:55 - -
2 8053 75.9 72.8 Wier lass) 65.9 35.83 ~
3} 88rd eis. eo 2665 67.3 66.8 255 ~
4 84.8 84.1 83.4 - - 66.2 .64 -
5 84.9 83.9 82.4 73.0 Gifaeel - - 66 366.73
6 S457, 98300) 7924) e719 - - 84 -
7 84.4 83.9 81.9 AAO - - 84 -
8 S25 SZ ie) 79.9 - - 5 les) -
9 8268.) 8867.) (83.0 - - - S\ey5 (SS) -
10 S35 le 8s.8) ees - - - 36aL8 -
ial Bilast tind} Belg) 69.0 - - 39.098 -
12 8062" 79.0" 7859 - - - 34.19 36.16
13 UGC Teast Seal - - - Bie 62 -
14 iste al S22 Ceo? Cero - - 35.63 -
15 82.4 82.5 82.4 73.1 - - 79 ~
16 80.0 80.6 - - 62.0 - 35.76 -
W7, (sai) Why) Peal - - ~ SYA -
18 74.1 - - - - - VAR -
19 - - - - - - - -
20 - - - - - - 32.10 -
al 7569.) fo. 9e 2/558 6727 ~ - 09 -
22 PCP SG 2 ARIS - - - 32S -
23 75.9 - - - 3307 -
24 76.0 - - 7 - - 33.67 ~
25 76.2 - - - - - 31674 -
26 77.8 ~ - - - - - -
27 Tsye al - - - - - CWA ~
28 - - - - - - - -
29 - - - - - - - -
30 - - - - - - Sab -
Mean 80.2 - - ~ - - 34.26 -

94

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

October 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/49
Depth
Day 0' 30)! 50' 100' 150' 180' 0' 180'
1 (sha) 78.0 Lihed - - - 36.16 -
2 78.9 78.8 Toe - - - ZS -
3 = = = = - - ae oe
4 = = = = = = — =
b) 81.8 80.2 - - - - 36.10 -
6 - - = = - = 32.49 -
7 USGL Silicl (AVES) - - - Ooze -
8 Veal, ies: = = = 32.60 -
9 (Rael (hionl TASES) - - - 33190 -
10 Seal 80.5 UES) = = = 33.45 39.93
ll Tilpa3 WETS) = = = = eile! -
NZ Ghad Lone 78.8 = - = 35.70 =
13 81.3 - - - - 36.09 -
14 Usk nts) 7k = = = = Soi op a
iS 70.8 70.8 70.8 7260 Usyeg? 78.8 32.68 =
16 69.5 69.9 6929 T1.4 374.3 Liao . 68 =
Wf 70.6 ZO (AURE) 72.4 eter 78.6 67 34.67
18 70.4 (ANSE) 70.6 72 34 74.9 78.8 66 =
If) (AOA SAAC (AWE T/ 71.4 74.9 7867 66 -
20 67.9 67.9 67.9 6959 72e1 Hide S26 07 -
2 SIPS) (ESAS, 74.0 75.8 76.3 1067 34.26 -
22 73.9 (SS) TAD 76.1 76.8 77.0 27 -
23 7228 Ldie’ 78.2 76.4 75.6 FAQ AIS 02 =
24 TENET) 74.2 77.6 76.0 Tite) 70.6 02 34.00
25 TWA 73:01 46-8 76.8 Visdheee. (hen 34.00 =
26 Lae USGL EP) 7O~9 75.4 EAS) 33.99 =
27 69.5 69.3 69720 Tee 74.9 Ldiel 208 =
28 69.0 69752 69565 73.0) 7458 74.9 298 =
Zo) 69.1 69'.2 69.9 Uthets) 74.9 74.9 509 =
30 69.1 692 69.8 Teel: 74.8 74.9 99 =
31 68.9 69.015 69.57 7.2.9 TES Tey Al0) 33.58 34.76
Mean 1369 74.1 74.0 = = = 33.89 34.84

95

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

November 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/o90
Depth
‘Day 0' 30° 50' 100' 150' 180: 0! 180'
1 6970 69.5 7OG4 72.9 L368) O1idied 33.68 -
2 69.2 69.3 70.3 UA, Vig 1/3358) . 68 -
3 68.9 68:29 6951 69.9 UNG? - 33.56 -
4 Teo 79.9 Us) 74.6 UESEE) 72.0 36.10 =
By 70.7 70.7 Calitere, 73.4 7268 Z2e8 35.03 =
6 W268) 79.9 79.8 USOT Whol? UBS 36.33 -
7 - - - - — = = =
8 - - - = = — =
g 64.9 65.0 6o:al 65.8 6 68.0 SAE (is) -
10 635,678 )63;.38 63.8 64.1 One 65.8 32.64 -
ll 6553 65% 1 65.1 USES) Org! UAL 33.18 -
12 64.2 64.1 65.0 TAD 79110 75.2 32.43 -
13 SA) 61.9 62.0 68.8" 7501 75.8 31.94 -
14 - - - - = = - -
1s - - - - = - - -
16 - - = - = = - -
ib7 IL) 62.0 62.2 690 eee or - 31.94 -
18 - - - - - = - -
19 - = = = = = - -
20 60.8 60.8 61.8 74.5 74.9 74.3 SAN) -
A - = = = = = 33.30 =
22 65.4 69/59 WIRES) 74.1 74.1 74.1 33.32 36.44
DS} 65.4 69.8 1320 74.1 74.0 74.1 = =
24 = - =
2) - - - = - -
26 66.1 66, 68.8 NGS) - - 34.35 -
27 68.1 68.1 68.6 70. 70.6 70.7 35527 -
28 - - = = =
29 - = = = = = = =
30 (ie) 51 69.7 6957 69..2 66.1 66.0 35.53 -
Mean 67.23 67.8 68.6 71.4 72.0 = - -

96

Table 16 (cont'd)

DIAMOND SHOALS LIGHTSHIP 35°05'30"N. 75°19'30"W. Depth of water - 200 feet

December 1959

Temperature °F Salinity °/99
Depth
Day 0' 30' 50" 100' 150° 180' 0' 180'
1 F3iatl 73a US 5 76 68.9 36.08 -
Z Wea Neat eet WDE URS Ces 36.34 -
3 = =
4 = - = - 33389 -
3 74.1 diel 74 Usa) 71.4 67.6 SOnelel 34.67
6 SEL EDa.d VASA ok 74.7 72.6 73.0 30.02 =
7 = _
8 71.8 DAG TNE Wale Wakes ff TARO 36% 20 =
9 69.8 OSE 69.8 70.0 6917 One 09 =
10 69/29 699 L062) 0:00 69.8 69.0 36.09 =
tll 64.0 64.0 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.5 Spal} =
Wy = = = = = = = =
13 64.1 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.5 64.7 Se) 10) -
14 64.0 64.0 64.1 64.3 64.3 64.8 35.10 =
15 1200 72.0 759) 69:1 66.2 66.6 36.36 =
16 68.8 69.8 69.9 68.8 67.0 66.9 07 -
IF 69.0 6S 70.0 69.9 68.1 66.9 09 =
18 718 759 Sil? 696° 66.3 9966.1 36:26 =
il} = = = = = = = -
20 60.2 60.4 60.5 64.4 65.0 65.0 34.18 =
ZA 60.0 60.0 60.2 64.1 65.0 64.8 34.17 -
Ze 3 2i.0 54.0 54.1 54.1 pac) 58 o 32.68 =
23 Dsieell od. 1 Belg 7s aia), 10) 63.6 64.0 48 -
24 DIZ) Beate! 6353 69.9 TENG) TING M 32.00 =
25 53.0 54.0 69.3 69.8 TAN 8} Tlie 3199 =
26 D418 93.6 68.4 69.3 TGATE Cleats} = 36.28
27 Peres) USS) U3) UPR te Whos L2ia4 36.42 =
28 13.0 USS) 73:0 L209 7205 didieo 36.42 =
23) = = = - - - - -
30 = - - - - - S202 -
Si SLY A) 57.4 61.5 69.0 69.0 69.4 32.47 -
Mean 65.3 65.6 67.9 68.3 68.3 68.1 34.88 -

97

Frying Pan Shoals Lightship (Figure 17, Table 17)

Surface temperatures during January, February and March match
air temperature anomalies where January and March were below and
February above normal. During these months salinities were quite
uniform and somewhat above the readings for the previous three years.
Mid-April saw a change in water, surface to bottom, which was indicated
by both temperature and salinity. From May onward temperatures were
above the mean until early December.

During the past four years surface salinities at this station have tended
to lie between 35.5 and 36.5°/... Departures from this, in the form of
lowered values, occur when coastal water from the north is forced past
Cape Hatteras, as in the spring of 1958, or when excessive rainfall
augments local runoff. Since there is little storage through freezing
over the adjacent inland watershed, surface salinities reflect precipitation
with only a slight lag, and depressed values can appear at any season.
Minimum salinities have occurred as early as April in 1958 and as late
as November in 1956. The minimum for 1959 was found in early August
as a result of heavy rainfall in July.

98

03d

(‘9S6I-ZV6I POlied Joy uesw ‘weihetp

Jeddn ut euly peyseq)

“6S6I ‘drysiyhty sTteoys ueg Burdrj

AON L190 djs ONY Tar Nar AVW udV

"eo SOVSENS

°*%S WOLLOE

oo ee

Li
came

"LT ainbty

YVW gad

NV

ALINITVYS

°%o

1344 NI Hld3d

SYNLVYAdWSL

do

99

FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP

D

E

—
SOWOOAN DAU BRWNPH

a ed
wONnNr

14

:
ot
a

fe oe Aaa
rFONH

eet Mae meri. eth ose TiS ere Oe wo
Or PEN FF WOHerH DO

I

January

Temperature °F

Ph ceo
Or Wr

oe ‘oo 6) We: 6) (ie 6 ie) 16!) ce
OWMWOANNN WO Or ®O WO

°
is)

ia tre sen. te) 6° ies) sie) 6) ue
WWON WHrrer OO

OwnNr wo

e) e° «: @
Or We

oe of eo) oe ie. ae one i.e
OP DNONNDY O DF-F ODO WO

=)

Table 17
33°28'00"N. 77°33"08"W.

1959

Salinity °/oo

eo 0) lw el we ee 8
SJUNO DOC on co: corm

ctleimic ine
RPre Om

ees, ef 6) 8 cee
NN BNO N WE O

SiGe rn th
i COLO O'S:

0' 65' 0' 30'
aioiq Ie, = = =
00 = 63.4 63
36.11 = 64.1 64
35.94 = 66.0 65
36.22 = 63.9 63
17 = 62.6 62
27 36.24 65.9 65
07 - 66.3 66
24 - 65.6 65
25 = 65.1 64
16 = 65.8 65
30 = 64.8 64
34 = 65.1 65
35 36.15 65.2 65
34 - - -
29 = 64.0 64
06 = 65.1 65
31 = 66.0 66
34 = 64.2 64
18 = 65.5 65
31 36.31 67.0 67
26 = 65.0 65
fai = 64.5 64
2 = 60.8 60
28 = 60.3 60
29 = 65.6 65
29 = 65.7 65
26 36.27 65.6 65
30 =
. 30 -
36.25 =
Sage) 65! 64.7 64,

100

64.

woe 6) el ee
NN BPNON Br OO

Depth of water - 72 feet

February

Temperature °F

64,

oat tie chim a ie Cm ete att
NNOrF OM OO O CO ©

7 © ee »@
Oro nw

on tows .eih ene ce:
np OW OO

Gt 5 etn je se on 16.2 eas,
NN OW OWOWrH 0

6

Salinity °/oo

36.30

65'

36.28

Table 17 (cont'd)

FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP B32 28 00M Ni A733 OS Wir Depth of water - 72 feet
1959
March April
Temperature °F Salinity ae Temperature °F Salinity meant
Depth
Day OF 30' 50' 65' 0' 65' 0' 30! S05 69" 0' 65"
ih 65.9 65.7 65,6" 165.6 36.26 = 690M S68s05 bs. ose! Silsynchsy | SR el?
2) 64.2 65.0 65.0 65.0 23 - = = - - 12 -
3 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 28 - 68.2 68.1 68.0 68.0 hil -
4 GSrOM OS ON O29) O29 31 365.33 6852 6852 ToS 68s 18 -
) O2eS O28 6268) 62758 jal - 68.6 68.5 68.4 68.3 38 -
6 = - - - - - - - - - 24 -
7 61.8 61.8 61.8 61.8 21 - 6828.1 569.1 868) IY -
8 60.2 60 60.52 6052 Ze - 69.0 68.0 68.0 68.0 Zt Geel
9 - - - 20 = 68.0 67.5 67.4 67.4 36.03 =
10 60.5 60.4 60.3 60.3 24 - 66.7 66.1 66.1 66.1 35.70 =
ll (Hoe (AA Cave ah * tso) gal 26 36.25 66.8 64.0 63.9 63.9 SiG eh0) =
12 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 729 - 66.6 63.6 63.4 63.4 34.88 -
iS 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.0 28 - in Cig in 4 iG 35.07 -
14 63.0 62.9 62.8 62.8 28 - 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 42 =
IRS) Hse oA eet ho? 34 - 62.6 6226 "6256 62.56 HO) “sibya st!
16 64.0 64.0 64.0 64.0 28 - 6258 6223" 162.33 86253 .38 =
17, 63.9 63.8 63.8 63.8 27 - - - - - 30.078 -
18 69" G19" 46029" 6149 +26 36.26 653.6 65.8 65.9 65.9 SiCiR VAS) -
19 61.0 60.8 60.3 60.0 Seats = 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.0 36.07 -
20 64.8 64.7 62.2 61.9 32 - 67.0 66.9 66.9 66.9 Se} que) =
Pal Has sig Gees (isieal 36.24 - 67.4 67.4 67.4 67.4 94 -
22 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.2 35.94 - 66.8 66.8 66.8 66.8 We shsya iss)
23 S94 F992) 592. 99)12 -80 - 64.0 64.0 64.0 64.0 22 -
24 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 35.90 = = = = = 30 =
OS 64.0 64.0 64.0 63.9 SOR27 So O20 64.8 64.2 64.2 64.2 22 -
26 66.2 66.2 66.2 66.2 20) - 65.3 65.0 64.9 64.9 35.34 -
27 - - - - mad - 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 36.05 -
28 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.5 27 - 67.99 67.9 67.9 967.9 30.596 -
29 66.3 66.3 66.3 66.3 36.36 - 67.0 66.9 66.9 66.9 Sibay/y ciel lA:
30 - - = - - 66.4 66.3 66.3 66.3 34.90 =
Syl 6757" 0767 ‘6757 (6757 SH Shi -
Mean 63008 030) 6259 8 162.6 36.23 36.28 66.5 66.1 66.1 66.1 393,067) 30.08

101

FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP

ei De ie? . 40
WON DKF ON MDW OO

N

Temperature °F

.o 8 @ .
RP BNF DDMOOrYN

cues . °
WONWrH DWAOwW AN AL

fon)

MANN DMD
ok co aoe ohn oe ce)
o 8© © 8 «@

NNN
el eo

N
ie)
atiretphie’ te .
OwWNrr BOW WOOF

N
a

NN DON
row WOO
Scan ibe steed)
Bor ON w

N™N
or
7. @ |
ole»)

AVES)

TANS
ale
726
U2.
UXp
ile
aie
Hide
70.
Ue
Un

WOWOrFOANON OF FPO OO

70:59

May

“N

(=)
cf «6 @ 6. 6
On@WMranoqndor

aD
co
NOF ON W

SSS
oor
oe
bh wOD

N
—
ones es 2 °
We @OrwoOh@Oreagngwond

N
(=)
.

ee)

Table 17 (cont'd)

33°28'00"N.

1959

Salinity °/oe

34.90
35.03

35.28

35.46

70!

102

Ti23320 Bui.

oO

SSS
hoo
e 6 ©

N
aw

N
uo

(aye

be te
1:07 0),

N
fee)
°

Jos]
lookee)
°

Us\e

lock foe (oom tec) foo} 4]
Ooroodr wo
°

80.

© 8 © «© e@
A~amDWMDOOWr fh wO OF

80.
80.
80.
19)
SNe
Le
80.
80.
82.
83.

7Bie

WOMOr OrNr OW

aADnWwWonnwWm Ooo wo

w
oO

TESie
72.
73.
74,
Tike
74,
13%
7S.
76.
78.

76.
78.
78.
Tsve
80.
80.
sy
80.
80.
80.

80.
US
80.
9s
oe
ore
18%.
Toke
79.
80.

78.

4
8
2
0
2
0
9
8
s)
0

1
8
0
3
9
4
8
8
5
6

9
9
8
5
8
4
5
0
6
2

0

71
71
71
72
72
Ye
73
We
73
74

74
74
74
Us)
80
80
us)
80
80
80

80
Us,
80
79
tS)
78
76
WE
78
78

76.

Depth of water - 72 feet

-3
Sif
«9
od
-0
-8
2
ol
a8
4

el
ow)
av
aM
5s)
4
8
.8
of
4

8
8
ot
=
od
ata
58)
OW
8
ate

7

une

Temperature °F

N

Lee)
Rin tae chek 5 oe
PBR OWON OY UNH

fee)
fo)
BRUawVMDounoOne AE

80.

80.
TPS)
80.
TAS)
1)
78.
76.
76.
77
THES

OMAN NN ON DOW OO

76.4

Salinity we °

35.98
36.00

35.94
36.13
as)
29
44
42
- 36
-41
-43
-41

39
.39
anal
ell
36.09
35.75
35.38
34.89
35.12
34.83

35.85

70'

36.11

FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP

)
a
me

Depth

Es

SCO ON OW BWN Fe

pai

=
_—

Bl

81.8

Temperature °F

83.8
80.0
UU SY
79.0
81.3
Sis
81.0
Uae
7915.8

A) 6@
set

80.9

81.3

77.8
UU GL
(AGE)
76.8
Us)

TASISY

July

76.8
Thao
76.3
76.0
Vile o
WS
UU oS)
81.0
80.0
TAVAG'

Teh

78.8

Use?

Table 17 (cont'd)

33°28'00"N.

1959

Salinity e °

103

oc

i)
oer Se, wf st et ele de
oomdrwBwBWWOOC SO

@

e
cub tatiana Wiel cet ells rniaie
ORNON UNF ON

fee)
ie)
°

77°33'08"W.

Depth of water - 72 feet

Temperature °F

83.0

78.9

ADE

(ASIES

Uieon|

NI
cop)

Pile Se Rte aie Ler RAT reat

Dr ooOonwvowonaodnaea®

ot 6) oh 6 ‘eo Ne 6h ie “6
NOOWrF WwW HhHeH OC OO

N

N
Poa het Laie Teer Todt og Oe
ONONN WOO KH

“N
N
°

ra

August

“N
(=>)

Final {aia ote sant ee a Clim bie Vier
NHOrOoOONnNrOwoOWN

oat el el Fell se ol ca) rer 6
OWOOWONNE-rF- OW

sit carie at V6. 56) Veo cre, e) oel) en te
OOrOrFOAN OWN

°
is)

Salinity °/,,

34.

34.

70'

36.01

FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP

UO
Ww)
eo)
aa
a

E

OCOCWOOAN DY BWNY FH

~

[Oe
OCOWMOON DY BWN KH

oO

iS TL

ee © © © © © © e@
OPNWNEHF FHF O WO

oO nw

Temperature °F

September

Table 17 (cont'd)

33°28'00"N.

1959

Salinity ar as

0' 70'

104

77°33'08"W.

Depth of water - 72 feet

October

Temperature °F

s/h ll
81.3
SZ
81.0
81.4
Sul
81.0
80.9
80.0
80.0

LEA)
Use

78.8

76.6
81.2
Sa
81.0
81.3
81.3
81.1
80.9
80.0
80.0

UAW

739.0

79.0

76.4
slg 72
81.2
81.0
81.3
81.3
hha
80.9
80.0
80.0

77.0
79.4
1900
7330

Salinity °/,,

FRYING PAN SHOALS LIGHTSHIP

1o)
oO
Ke)
ist
=e

E

—
SC OON DU BRWN Fe

p=
—

Oe
COON DO RW NH

ie)
—

NNN NN DN LK LY
OMAN DW SPwWND

ww
rt O

Mean

Temperature °F

ioke

°°
oo ODF Oo

wo FP

ido} (>)

Table 17 (cont'd)
B32 200 OLN.

November

1959

Salinity °/oo

36.34

70'

105

77° 33'08"W.

67.0

Temperature °F

66.

ot spe, eke vite me
FPN OO O ®O OO

nn

Depth of water - 82 feet

December

Salinity oie °

36.42

36.36

70°

36.47

Savannah Lightship (Figure 18, Table 18)

Surface water temperatures were below the mean in January,
early February and late April; at other times they were near or
slightly above through mid-November. The summer maximum at
surface and bottom was higher than those of the three previous
years, and appeared in late August, some 20 days earlier than at
stations north of Cape Hatteras.

Salinity at the Savannah station varies widely both seasonally
and from year to year since the lightship is close to numerous rivers
debouching to the north and west. The minimum in April reflects the
heavy rains experienced during March throughout the Southeast, when
monthly totals ranged up to 400 percent of normal in Florida.

106

(*SS6I-ZP6I POlied Joy ueew
‘ureibeTp eddn ut euly peyseq) *6S6I ‘diusiyStT yeuueaeg Posh be

OAG AON 190 Glels ONV nr NAR AVW udV YVW g34 NVE
T TIF

"Po AIVSHNS

°%S WOLLOG

°°% ALINITVS

JESEES (Nill Table eal

SYNLVYAdWAL

do

107

SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP

o
oO
ke}
+
I2F

E

COON DYN hWN rH

—

ro
—)

12

January

Temperature °F

52.1

3125620) Nie. SO°39/6:W:.
1959
Salinity 255 Temperature
0' 48' O' 30
Signal - Didi 2 | Oe d
.09 - - -
23 35.24 Sasa wala,
35.08 - Sabee ileal
34.94 - By itaish illite!
Bordo - Se WZ
34.97 - - -
3465 - o1.8° ol s8
Seg lls - D2 wide
06 301106 SOele bod ad
ala = 54.1 Sch A
85% 211 - Bach wcieal
Sie} ateis! - DOs eoi269
-41 - 56.6) ~Sde7
OGia22: - - -
33.0.0 34.59 eile) Siciats!
723 - 54.9 54.0
34.06 - 55 56) O4 aL
Sie} pol - 55.2 54.9
32203 - D926 Poves
33.42 - Soa) Beer
34523) - DOs Le BOOe
41 - Ss FP Hdss
Pil 34.49 Seyi ae ob) aul
aise) - Dose Didier:
Fis) - DOe lo 6.2
14 - Oo 2
ais) - 56.4 56.6
34.59 -
3915.10 -
39:64 Sorelle
34.42 34.91 BN) bist)

Table 18

108

Depth of water - 48 feet

February

cE

93.9

Salinity, «/oc

34.43

48'

34.98

SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP

March

Temperature °F

Depth

Day 0
1 SeyAs)
2 SiON)
3 55.0
4 Diao)
5 WI Igts)
6 SiGe
1 Sn
8 56.0
9 O70)
10 By/ Ate)
ll 57.8
We iG 7
13 56.4
14 Sie 2.
15 S80)
16 56.7
17 56.3
18 56.1
19 55169
20 56.0
21 Sig 5)
22 D/O
23 5iGia/,
24 58.0
25) 59.9
26 99.1
27 59.4
28 59.0
29 DGS
30 59.0
Sal 59.8

562642 O- 60-8

Doreg
55.6
56.0

56.5
56.2
56.3

56.2

55.9

56.6

56.5

Table 18 (cont'd)

31°56.5'N.

1959

Salinity °/oo

48'

33.07

109

80°39.6'W.

Temperature

Q' 30'
5onS 58.0
ee Lt 59.0
60.6 59.1
29.9 Dele
60.6 59.4
61.9 59.9
62.6 60.1
64.2 60.6
65.9 60.7
65.8 61.0
68.9 61.6
68.5 (Sibel
63.0 63.0
59.8 CO
60.1 60.1
62,38 60.7
63.0 60.9
63.6 60.9
64.3 63.0
65.2 2irz
66.4 6351
64.9 Goi
63.3 63.2
62.9 AG 7/
64.0 63.4
64.9 64.0
64.9 64.9
66.0 60.9)
66.9 66.1
6739 66.3
(ye) 7/ 61.8

Depth of water - 48 feet

April

oF Salinity °/oo
48' 0' 48'
58.0 32-61 =
59.0 32.70 =
59.0 30.55 32.78
59.1 54 =
58.8 34 =
59.9 15 =
60.1 38 =
60.2 55 =
60.7 RGW7 -
60.9 30.49 32.18
61.1 29.76 -
61.1 29.80 -
61s ehil Galil -
60.2 32.86 -
60.1 33.55 -
60.3 30.93 -
60.8 44 33.36
60.9 =A -
60.9 30.33 -
62.1 29.99 -
63.1 29.79 -
63.1 31.27 =
63.0 ea iil =
62.7 .74 32.94
63.3 OO aie -
63.8 31.36 =
64.8 31.75 =
65.7 30.88 -
66.0 BAD -
65.7 30.62 -
61.5 31.04 32.82

SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP

P
ee
QD |
Sys

OWOOAN DU BWND

—

ro
—

12

Temperature °F

May

Table 18 (cont'd)

SLO OWNie GOL39 Oni.
1959
Salinity Ree Temperature
0' 48' 0' 30)
30.70 32.63 7885. 77.9
2915 - Uist) Hil ats}
30.37 - 718.6 76.8
OAH - US5eE as:
31.10 - 79.1 78.1
5s - 78.4 78.2
312916 - Thsvetsy V/she 7/
- - skal 7 Gs)
31.41 32.90 78.7") 78.03)
31.69 - USEPA ifskats
~ - 79.4 78.7
SH VAS - 79RD 9/7 Siu
79 - 80.2 79.2
OD - 7909" “799
.64 32.88 Ue) e/a
0 - 79.8 78.8
96 - T9e6)) 79104
70 - 79.6 79.6
34 - 79:54 7.9':2
SIL 9IS - syst) | YAS Y/
S237 - 80.8 79.8
389 33:01 tale aL teh O)giss
32.14 - 8it7) 80.8
«45 - het . {shots
Avail - 82.2 8058
47 - hil | fa G8!
43 - 8259") 80/06
67 - 82.5 80.0
00 ae Hal B27 red:
32.26 - 82.9 79.8
S20 -
oilte69 SAAS) 80.1 79.2

110

Depth of water - 48 feet

une

45'

32.84

SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP

oO
w)
se}
Pag
SP

E

COON DU BWN HE

i

ee
pH

12

Temperature °F

84.2

84.7

85.1

85.2

85.8

83.9

738
Pos
79.4

82.8

83.1

82.5
82.4

83.1

83.8

84.1

84.7

85.1

82.8

July

Table 18 (cont'd)

31°56 .5°N. 80°S9)i64W..
1959
Salinity °/oo Temperature
0' 48' 0' 30!
32.87 - 84.9 84.8
SAS / ~ 84.6 84.6
33.49 ~ 84.7 84.9
38 - 8451 83.4
AG, - 83.9 83.7
.89 - SSG 41
-40 - Sholay 84.5
. 60 - 85.2 84.8
98 - 84.7 84.1
-96 - 85.8 84.2
-48 tig) 85.3 84.0
-49 - 84.2 84.2
~44 - 84.4 84.0
ma - 83.8 84.1
eid - 84.1 83.9
723 - 84.5 83.7
33.24 - 84.2 84.1
326012 Si2e 02, 84.2 84.3
3230 - 8551 85.0
ie} 5 all - 85.6 84.9
S292) - 85.8 84.8
Scls - 86.1 85.1
ai - Sol Soe
46 - Sigil fees sal
48 SIRE TY) 86.2 85.2
Aye) - 86.2 85.0
aut - 86.6 85.2
RK IAA) - Soria 85.1
31.94 - 865) 785o2
S19 - Sis 2eooreO
30.74 - 84.7 84.8
shel aalal - Corel 84.5

ill

Depth of water - 48 feet

August
ore Salinity u/oo
48' OF 48'
84.8 31.49 31.48
84.5 32.15 =
85.0 SWAG TAS =
83.4 33.40 =
83.5 40 =

= 720 =
84.4 07 =
84.8 290 33.69
84.1 87 -
84.1 TY) =
84.0 86 =
84.0 94 -
83.9 96 =
84.1 33 -
83.9 33.20 SGM)
83.7 32.80 =
84.1 33.47 -
84.3 33.33 =
85.0 SABI) =
84.9 onli =
84.8 43 =
85.0 -84 34.10
85.1 82 =
85.1 32.65 -
85.2 33.01 =
85.0 10 =
Sieg 28 =
85.0 49 =
85.2 33.52 34.58
85.0 34.00 =
84.8 34.71 =
84.5 33.22 33.56

SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP

E
FR
[oe Pag
fe

OCOOOAN DUN BWN e

—

we
—

12

Table 18 (cont'd)

31°S6.5'N.

September

Temperature °F

80°39.6'W.

1959

Salinity ae °

34.71

112

Depth of water - 48 feet

October

Temperature °F

file
Tali
(hike
Thke

76.

1
3
6
5

7

Salinity Ve °

0' 48'

32.89 32.89

SAVANNAH LIGHTSHIP

UO
uo}e
ee

LS

we
COON OU bh WNHE

ed
oon PWN PY

17

Temperature °F

67.8
67.0

67.3

st el dcllee . Jelnee
OoOMDWOWO WO

dew te) Si cl wie! er eA «6
rFOADMDWHO KON OC W

oe) 8; e; “© ob 8 (eos 6 ©
WOWDDOrYFYN NWO

November

Table 18 (cont'd)

SL SIGoUNin WOOL S96" Wi. Depth of water - 48 feet

1959
December
Salinity °/oo Temperature °F Salinity °/oo
Oy 48' OF 30' 48' Q' 48'
32.34 - 59.0 58.9 59.0 3213 =
Asha ~ 59.0 Sync! 99\63 ei) -
5140) - 59.0 59.0 Doe) 42 -
47 - 58.0 58.1 Syste (0) 16 32.14
32.39 - shee yell sits tay al .90 -
3195 SiZeo SR Olen! Ssh Aq ial -
OiliZ - 565.0 56.0 5.6.10 31.39 -
S252. - 54.0 eG 7/ Homa 3036 -
31.99 - Die 9. 56.6 56.9 29.43 -
32.08 - Dida / 56.6 57.0 29)5.31 -
33504 - 54.5 D167 b6eo S023 32.43
32.83 - 9. 0 56.6 56.9 46 -
96 Sisko) 55.0 Si/eeo) RY Er) 30521 -
YAS) - 5i6 a0 56.8 3730 3143 -
SLA 1. - 56.4 WO 96.1 3257.0 -
3320 - 57.4 Bie) 56.9 Shey ils} -
SW Whe - iie 27 30 D0 Sh8}5 IL7/ -
S306 - 56.2 57.0 5720 32.48 33509
Brad - 5162.0 97.0 5720 31.40 -
she} U0)S) 337038 36.0 56.9 56.8 33.24 -
S212 - 9968 Soe: D069 33017 ~
32.43 - 55.4 55..4 55.4 SZ on -
331.28 - 54.7 54.5 BAe 32.97 -
Sor: ~ 5360 Dorel Disha! 336 20 -
31.24 - Dae:/ BS} 10) 53'10 Soa 30 16
30292 - BAS TE Seu! Sia (0) 32.96 -
S129 SIAR (OA 5269 53). 0) Byeh4 10) hee cis? -
at) - eis // Sidr 6 536.6 Bere) -
84 - 5323 Dies: baie ehreh ey alts} -
31.94 - DIL, Behe al Sista 32.40 -
D210 Bia Bide BIZ 00 -
32.43 3260 55.4 eye 8 Sy} (0) B25 2 SAR All

115 Es)

Bumpus, Dean F.
1960

Day, C. Godfrey
1959

1959

1960

LITERATURE CITED

Investigations of climate and oceanographic factors
influencing the environment of fish. Unpublished
manuscript. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Reference 60-1.

Oceanographic observations, 1958, east coast of
the United States. U.S. Department of the
Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Special
Scientific Report - Fisheries No. 318, 119 pp.

Weatherwise, vol. 12, 2-6, American Meteorological
Society, Boston.

Weatherwise, vol. 13, 1, American Meteorological
Society, Boston.

MS #990

114

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1960 Q - 562642