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HISTORY
OF THE
SIXTY-EIGHTH PCCinENT
Indiana Volunteer Imeantrv
lo62-lo65
WITH A SKETCH OE C. K KING'S BRIGADE, REVMOLDS'
DIVISION, THOriAS' CORPS, IN n HE
13ATTLE OE CHICr\A/V\AUGA
By EDWIN W. HIGH
'It's a blessed sorf of feeling, Whetl^er you five cz die. To know you've h^elped your count zy And fought right royally."
PUBLlSHfcl) BY KhQUtST OF- THt
SIXTN'-EIGHTH INDIANA INFANTRY ASSOCIATION I 902
I IHt LIBRARY of!
CONGRESS, [■T"'vo Copi£j> Received I
MAY. 31 1902
COPVBIQHT ENTRY ,
iUASS CoxXc. No.j COPY B.
Copyright i 002 By EDWIN W. HIGH
0p.
Compliments of
S5rcvct*(roloucl ^Ricbar^ X. Xccson
late Captain Companv} C Sixt\2=]£icTbtb 1lnC>iana Ifntantrx} ■Wnar of tbe""lRebellion, IS61 = 3
m
TO THE BRAVE AND TRUE MEN
Sixty-Eighth Indiana Infaniry
"Who [);k[) wiuKi Lirij-ss Famini M(m kid ai Want— To At. l iHi -Maimh) uHMSi. S<:aks Gavi Modi si \ a Tonguf To Ai.L WHO Daki:d. and Ga\t. io Chance the
CaKI-. and K'EEl'INti OF THEIR LlVES— To ALL FHH LlVlN(. AND H) ALL THE DeaD" -
AND TO PeKI'ETUATE WHOSE MEnUlKV
EHE FOLLOWING PaCiFS HAVE
BEEN Written, this \( h-
ume is hu1v1bl\
Dedicated
BY THE A UTH UK
PREFACE
I was asked by the Sixty-eighth Indiana Veteran Asso- ciation to write the history of the Regiment, and accepted the duty with a good deal of hesitancy, and entered upon the work with no official acts of my own to sustain, and free from prejudice. Thirty-nine years have glittered out of sight on "soundless feet and sounding wings" since the men of the Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry donned the blue, girded on the sword, and took up the rifle, to engage in the titanic struggle between freedom and slavery — union and disunion, in the great war of the Rebellion. Many of the bravest and best who went out with us did not return. We left them in the southland, on the hilltops and in the val- leys, where no kindly hand of relative or friend will ever strew flowers upon their graves. They died that the union of states might be preserved ; to keep all the stars in the blue field of the flag, and give freedom a wider meaning. They are at rest "over there, under the shade of the trees."
I beg to acknowledge with many thanks my obligations to all who have in any manner contributed to this \vork by personal recollections, or documents. Thanks are especially due to Brevet-Colonel Richard L. Leeson for liberal financial assistance, without which the accomplishment of the work would have been impossible ; to Brevet-Colonel Charles H. Bryant for facts relating to the battle of Chickamauga, and assistance in the work ; to Hon. James E. Watson for books, maps and papers of inestimable value in the prepa- ration of a work of this character.
In preparing this history for publication the following books have been consulted : Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies ; Captain Phisterer's Statistical Records ; Cist's xA.rmv of the Cumberland ; Van Home's
Vlll PREFACE.
History of the Army of the Cumberland ; Turchin's Chick- amauga ; General Sherman's Memoirs; Floyd's History of the Seventy-fifth Indiana, a brigade companion at Chicka- mauga ; Records of the War Department, and of the Adju- tant General's office, Indiana.
The Itinerary of the Regiment was made up mainly from the journals of Comrades David S. Jones, William Bear, and James Shera, corrected in a few instances by comparison with muster rolls on file, and is believed to be as correct as it can be made.
In preparing the sketch of E. A. King's brigade in the battle of Chickamauga, I have experienced difficulty through lack of reports of the brigade, and regiments composing it. I have no doubt that reports of the Chickamauga engage- ment were made by the commanding officers of the regi- ments in that brigade, and were lost or misplaced by the negligence of a superior officer. Their absence is a great loss to the survivors of that brigade. It is time that we should correct some of the errors that have crept into history con- cerning E. A. King's brigade at Chickamanga, and the Army of the Cumberland. The true history of the war of the Rebellion has not yet been written. During the war many erroneous reports of campaigns and battles, and lead- ers, were given as history, and are now accepted by many as historical facts. We can now tell the truth about Con- federate armies and soldiers, and point out errors in cam- campaigns and battles, and criticise the military mistakes of a "war-time" hero, without incurring the risk of being mobbed, or denounced as a traitor. It has been our pur- pose to state facts about campaigns and battles, sustained by the official records published by the Government, includ- ing the reports made on either side by commanders, with the letters, dispatches and telegrams, and let the reader form his own opinions. Facts are more powerful than words.
It is believed that the matter appearing in the appen- dix, especially the tables of statistics, will be regarded by the reader with more than ordinary interest. E. w. H.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAP. I. Enlistment and Muster-in . II. Kentucky Campaign
III. Camp DuMONT— Murfreesboro * .
IV. TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN
V. Chattanooga Campaign .
VI. Battle of Chickamauga
\'II. Battle of Chickamauga
\'III. Occupation of Chattanooga
IX. Orchard Knob
X. Lookout Mountain ....
XL Missionary RidcIe ....
XII. PIelief of Knoxville
XIII. Reminiscences
XI\'. The Surgeon's Diagnosis
XV. Itinerary of the Regiment .
XVI. Chattanooga, 1864-5 ....
XVII. Review of Indiana Chickamauga Commission
XVIII. Biographical Sketches
XIX. p:nd of Armed Rebellion— Citizens Again
APPENDIX
Field and Staff
Commissioned Officers
Enlisted Men •
Summary of Men Called For by the Presi
ident and Furnished by States, Etc. Population of Loyal States Table of Deaths in Union Army during thi
War
Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of
Chickamauga
PAGE
vii
1 11
25 41 51 (51
84 1'20 134 140 144 156 165 170 172 184 208 258 • 817
322
322-8
323-5
326-37
338 .S39
ooVt
340-50
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
APPENDIX^CONTINUED. PAGE
Army of Tennessee (Confederate) at Battle
OF Chickamauga 351-64
Table of Union and Confederate Organiza- tions AT Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 20, 1863 . 365
Army under Command of Major-General U.S. Grant in the Battles about Chattanooga, November 23, 24, 25, 1863 366-80
Army of Tennessee, under Command of Gen- eral Bragg, at Chattanooga, November 20, 1863 381-91
Table of Union and Confederate Organiza- tions AT Chattanooga, Nov. 23, 24, 25, 1863 391
Table of •Losses of Indiana Organizations
in the Battle of Chickamauga . . . 392
Record of Battles and Engagements during the War where the Union Loss was Five Hundred or More, Together with Other Events of Importance 393-98
Distances on the Chickamauga Battlefield 399
Distances about Chattanooga .... 399
SONGS AND POETRY OP^ THE WAR .... 400
Three Hundred Thousand More ... . 400
Just Before the Battle, Mother . . . 401
All Quiet Along the Potomac .... 402
Somebody's Darling 404
Marching Through Georgia .... 405
Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! 407
When Johnny Comes Marching Home . . 408
Tenting ©n the Old Camp Ground . . . 409
Battle Hymn of the Republic .... 410
The Battle Cry of Freedom .... 411
John Brown's Body 413
Kingdom Coming 414
Killed at the Ford 415
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Edwin W. High Frontispiece
Lieutenant Colonel John S. Scobev
Lieutenant John W. Huffman
Frank. AIcShank
Captain Richard L. Leeson
Lieutenant John R. Kennedy
Lieutenant John Burkhart
Captain James H. Mauzy )
Captain James W. Inniss \
General George H. Thomas
Glenn Hill— Wilder Monument
First Position 'of E.A.King's Brigade in Battle, South
east of Brotherton House
Second Position of King's Brigade, on East Slope of
Lytle's Hill ...
John IVL Francis
Captain Charles H. Bryant
Lieutenant Oliver B. Liddell
Third Position of E. A. King's Bri(;ai)E— Poe Field Line
West of LaFayette Road
Monument to Sixty-Eighth Indiana Infantry, on LaFay
ETTE Road, West of Poe Field ....
Colonel Edward A. King
Monument to Colonel Edward A. King, Southeast Cor
NER OF Kelly Field . '
Fifth Position of E. A. King's Brigade, on Snodgrass
Hill, near the Tower . Snodgrass House Captain John C. Hicks . Lieutenant Moses A. Culver Captain L. V. C. Lynn Captain Francis M. Wilkinson
oi'r.
PAGE
14 21
.51'
61
t;4
1)7 71 7 a
81-
87
9:5 '■ 95
96-
99'
io;{
12:: 127 131 140
Xll
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
OPP. PAGE
Edwin A. Hillman 148
General Thomas J. Wood 150
Thomas C. Shepperd 157
Lieutenant George Carson 161
Rev. E. H. Wood 165
Captain Hanson D. Moore 188'
General James B. Steedman .191
Ira McIllvain 195
Camp of Sixty-Eighth Indiana Infantry at North End of Military Bridge across the Tennessee River at
Chattanooga 205
Captain Richard L. Leeson 283
William F. Gordon 290
Francis M. Sherwood . . . • 292
Leander Goodwin 295
James Terhune . . 297
Asa Gibbs 299
Henry Nicolai 801
James B. Thackrey 303
John W. Masters 305
Alanson R. Ryman *. . . 306
John C. Humes 311
Thomas J. Truitt 313
Daughter of the Regiment 317
Map of Battle of Chickamauga Page 118
RECORD OF SERVICE
MUNFORDVILLE — September 14, 15, 16, 1862.
Hoover's Gap — June 24, 25, 1868.
Chickamauga — September 19, 20, 186;!.
Siege of Chattanooga, September 22 -November 22, 1868.
Orchard Kxob — November 28, 1868.
Missionary Ridge — November 25, 1868.
East Tennessee — November 28, 1864-April 7, 1865.
Charleston (Detachment) — December 28, 1868.
Dandridge — January 16, 17, 1864.
Dalton — August 15, 1864.
Decatur — October 27-November 9, 1864.
Nashville — December 15, 16, 1864.
Pursuit of Hood's Army — December 17, 1864-January 9, 1865.
CHAPTER I.
ENLISTMENT AND MUSTER-IN.
" We are coming, we are coming, Our Union to restore, We are coming, Father Abraham, Three hundred thousand more."
On July 2, 1862, the President called for 300,000 volunteers for three years, or during the war, unless sooner discharged. The quota of Indiana was 2 1.250, and 30, 359 were furnished.
The Sixty-eighth Regiment of Indiana Infantry was organized during the first part of August. 1862, at Camp. Logan, Greensburg, Decatur county, from companies raisedi in the fourth congressional district of Indiana, composed of the counties of Dearborn, Decatur, Franklin, Ripley and Rush.
The recruiting was done principally by men commis- sioned by Governor Morton, with the rank of second lieu- tenant, to recruit and organize companies, and as a rule these men were selected as officers of the regiment. Some of them had seen previous service in the war of the Re- bellion and a few in the war with Mexico. Among the offi- cers of the field and staff who had seen previous service was Colonel Edward A. King, who had served with General Sam Houston in the Texan struggle for independence, as captain in the Fifteenth Regiment United States In- fantry, in the war with Mexico, and was Lieutenant-Col- onel of the Nineteenth Regiment United States Infantry at
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
the time he was appointed Colonel of the Sixty-eighth Reg- iment Indiana Infantry. Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin C. Shaw had been Major of the Seventh Regiment Indiana Infantry in the war of 1 861-5. and Adjutant Cyrus B. Goodwin had also served in the Seventh Regiment Indiana Infantry.
Of the line officers, First Lieutenant Robert W. Jones, Company A, Second Lieutenant John Reese, Company C, Captain Edmund Finn and First Lieutenant Francis M. Wilkinson, Company H, had served in one-year regiments from Indiana in the war of 186 1-5. First Lieutenant Charles H. Bryant, Company E, had seen service in the Seventh Indiana, and Captain Harvey J- Espy, Com- pany F, had served as an enlisted man in the regular army of the United States, and First Lieutenant George W. Claypool, Company G, had served in the war with Mexico and in a one-year regiment — the Sixteenth In- diana Infantry — in the war of 1 861-5. A number of the enlisted men of the regiment, also, had served in one- year regiments in the war of 186 1-5, and as a rule they were selected as non-commissioned officers. The reg- iment, when organized and mustered, had field, staff and line officers of the several companies, as follows: Colo- nel, Edward A.King; lieutenant-colonel, Benjamin C. Shaw, adjutant, Cyrus B. Goodwin; quartermaster, Elias W. Millis; chaplain, David Montfort ; surgeon, John W. Wooden, and assistant surgeon, Lewis W. Hodgkins. Non-commissioned staff, sergeant major, Robert J. Price; quartermaster sergeant. Thomas C. Shepperd; commissary sergeant, William H. Remy; hospital steward, Marion Meredith.
ORGANIZATION OF THE SEVERAL COMPANIES.
Company A was recruited in Decatur and Franklin counties by John S. Scobey, Robert W. Jones and others, and the organization was completed at Camp Logan by the
ENLISTMENT AND MUSTER-IN.
selection of John S. Scobey as captain; Giles E. White, first lieutenant; Reuben W. Jones, second lieutenant; Moses Bailey, orderly or first sergeant; Henry W. Alley, Edward A. Vance, Francis M. Paul and William F. Bird, sergeants, and William P. Sutfin, John W. Stagner, John S. Alley, William McKinney, Gideon Drake, John W. Jones and Ezekiel E. Cook, corporals.
Company B was raised in Ripley county by Daniel Boswell, Hiram O. Conner and others, and its organization completed by selecting Daniel Boswell as captain; Hiram O'Conner, first lieutenant; Charles C. Wheeler, second lieu- tenant; William Dickerson, orderly or first sergeant; John W. Sanders, James H. Hyatt, Joseph Jones and Thompson D. Mullen, sergeants, and Alfred W. Wooley, Francis M. Hancock, George W. Foreman, John Albright, Milton Pendergast, John W. Huffman, James M. Preble and Cal- vin Hyatt, corporals.
Company C was recruited from Laurel, Metamora and Posey townships, in^ the western portion of Franklin county, by William H. Smith, Richard L. Leeson and others, and repaired to Camp Logan, the rendezvous for the regiment, where it was organized by the selection of William H. Smith as captain; Richard L. Leeson, first lieu- tenant, and John Reese, second lieutenant. The non-com- missioned officers were Moses H. Kibby, orderly or first sergeant; John Burkhart, John R. Kennedy, Richard Jinks and Milton Curry, sergeants, and Thompson P. Burtch, Lynn McWhorter, Peter Stoltz, Daniel H. Conner, Elipha- let B. Miller, Charles W. Burris, Samuel J. Murray and Daniel Doty, corporals.
Company D was raised by John W. Innis, James H. Mauzy and others, in Rush county, with a number of men from Decatur and Franklin counties. The company or- ganization was completed by the selection of James W. Innis, as captain; James H. Mauzy, first lieutenant; and William Beale, second lieutenant. The non-commissioned
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
officers were James A. Smith, orderly or first sergeant; Gabriel Cohn, George T. Richie, William Burns and George W. Snider, sergeants; and James W. Richie, William In- nis, William Woods, James W. C. Smith, Daniel L. Thomas, William M. Sowder, Harvey Caldwell and Isaac C. Hurst, corporals.
Company E was recruited from Dearborn county, mostly from the city of Lawrenceburg, by Charles H. Bry- ant, and was organized by selecting Alexander Beckman as captain; Charles H. Bryant, first lieutenant; George W. Sheldon, second lieutenant; Oliver B. Liddell, orderly or first sergeant; Hiram C. Crist, Jeremiah Robins, Charles Neff and James-Terhune, sergeants; and George W. Smith, Albert Lewis, Worden Babcock, Simeon Alfred, Lewis C. 'Stockman, Michael Eckert, Luellen J. Wade and Francis Wardell, corporals.
Company F was raised in Ripley county in the vicinity of Napoleon, by Harvey J. Espy, John C. Hicks and others, and organized by selecting Harvey J. Espy as captain; John C. Hicks, first lieutenant; Jemison Vankirk, second lieuten- ant; David B. Showers, orderly or first sergeant; James McKee, James A. Standiford, Moses A. Culver and Hiram Eaton, sergeants, and James B. Thackrey, James Parker, David L. Eaton, Joseph W. Arnold, Thompson Bare, Ben- jamin C. Johnson, William H. Brunt and Henry Nicolai, corporals.
Company G was recruited in Franklin county, prin- cipally from Blooming Grove, Brookville and Fairfield townships, by L. V. C. Lynn, George W. Claypool and others, and was organized by selecting L. V. C. Lynn as captain; George W. Claypool, first lieutenant; Austin Webb, second lieutenant; Joseph R. Clark, orderly or first sergeant; George Wilson, Climpson B. Moore, Edward C. Smith and Samuel McReady, sergeants, and William Best, Thomas J. Burnett, Isaac Stephens, Jr., James A. Hub-
ENLISTMENT AND MUSTER-IN. 5
bard. James Dukate, John N. Trusler, Alanson R. Ryrnan and Franklin Swift, corporals.
Company H was recruited in Franklin county, from Bath, Brookville and Metamora townships, by Francis M. Wilkinson, and was organized at Camp Logan by the selec- tion of Edmund Finn as captain; Francis M. Wilkinson, first lieutenant; Levi W. Buckingham, second lieutenant; William S. Washburne, orderly or first sergeant; Elijah H. Case, Shadrach Stringer, John M. Davis and Lycurgus Jeffries, sergeants, and Samuel Blew, Nicholas V. Johnson, Nathan Davis, John M. Jones, Theo. P. Backhouse, Henry Bradburn, John C. Harrell and Zachariah Lyons, corporals.
Company I was raised in Decatur and Rush counties, principally by Reuben F. Patterson and Nathaniel S. Pat- ton. The company was organized with Reuben F. Patter- son as captain ; Nathaniel S. Patton, first lieutenant; George Carson, orderly or first sergeant; Franklin F. Sho- walter, George G. Hankins, John W. Wood and Joab H. Stout, sergeants, and Robert W. Bolton, Thomas T. May, Israel C. Alexander, James Wynn, Hiram P. Stage and William B. W^ebb, corporals.
Company K was recruited in Dearborn and Decatur counties, principally in Dearborn, by Hanson D. Moore, Robert F. Brewington and others, and was organized by selecting Hanson D. Moore as captain; Robert F. Brew- ington, first lieutenant; George H. Gould, second lieuten- ant; William O. Pierce, orderly or first sergeant; John H. Dawson, Edward W. Wood, Omar A. Arnold and Robert W. Wood, sergeants; Edward P. Johnston, Constantine Kelly, Monroe Abbott, Oliver C. Wilson, Benjamin F.^ Moore, Joshua Duncan, David H. Gault and Robert Todd, corporals.
Among the names of non-commissioned officers will be found several who were soon promoted, and in the Sixty- eighth and other Indiana regiments rendered gallant serv- ice in defense of " Old Glory " on many closely contested
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
battle fields of the war. The Sixty-eighth Regiment was rapidly enlisted, taking only a few weeks time to obtain the required number of men, who were of the best material to be found in the Hoosier state from every walk of life. This was due to an inspiration of patriotism as pure as the air. Our people were aroused to the importance of the work before them, and to the force and spirit of the re- bellion, and marshalled their hosts for the conflict. The Confederate armies had won signal victories from the com- mencement of hostilities, on April 12, 1861, and, flushed with success on many battle-fields, from Manassas (Bull Run) to Slaughter Mountain, were gathering on our bor- der, threatening invasion of the states lying north of the Ohio river, and known as "the North," in contradistinction from the South. The Army of the Potomac had just re- treated before the Army of Northern Virginia, in the seven days battles. In the west the Confederate general, E. Kirby Smith, was threatening Cumberland Gap and Cincinnati, with a large army, and Bragg, the Confederate general, had flanked General Buell, and was on his march north, threatening the cities of Louisville, Kentucky, and Cincin- nati, Ohio. It was at this crisis that the President, on August 4, 1862, called for 300,000 militia for nine months' service, in addition to the call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 for three years.
The fourth congressional district was fully represented in the armies of the Union, in regiments at the front ac- tively engaged, and the people had come to realize what war meant, and men who really desired closer acquaintance with it were scarce. The usual promises held out to vol- unteers were made. The orators of the day and the press joined in pledging them all that their fathers in former wars received. Every soldier was to be pensioned for life and have a land warrant for one hundred and sixty acres. The only pecuniary inducement offered by the recruiting officers to secure enlistments was the Government bounty
ENLISTMENT AND MUSTER-IN.
of one hundred dollars for three years' service and the regular pay of thirteen dollars per month, with board and clothing, the soldier to do his own cooking and washing; the allowance for clothing was three dollars and fifty cents a month, and rations twenty-five cents a day. At that time a farm laborer was getting eighteen to twenty-five dollars a month, with board, washing, and all home com- forts, without the hazards of war. Only in a few instances was the question of pay alluded to by the voluateer, and in no case except a family were dependent upon his earnings for support. Well might he hesitate, for the cost of living was advancing, and the earnings of our soldiers were in- adequate to the support of their families, and thousands would have suffered, and in many cases perished for want of food and clothing, but for the kindly charities of their neighbors, inspired by patriotism and a common danger. To assure the soldier of his pay, immediate and prospective, General Scott, commander of the army of the United States, in September, 1861, issued his famous order No. 16, as follows: _
General Order No. 16.
Headquarters of the Army, Washington, Sept. 3, 1861. The General-in-chief is happy to announce that the Treasury Department, to meet the payment of troops, is about to supply, besides coin, as heretofore, Treasury notes, in fives, tens and twenties, as good as gold, to all banks and government offices throughout the United States, and most convenient for transmission by mail from officers and men to their families at home. Good husbands, fathers, sons and brothers, serving under the stars and stripes, will thus soon have a ready and safe means of relieving an immense amount of suffering, which could not be relieved m coin. In making up such packages, every officer may be relied upon, no doubt, for such assist- ance as may be needed by his men.
By command of Lieutenant-General Scott,
E. D. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant-General.
Have these promisesbeen redeemed.'^ To-day the " old soldier" of a war in which the loss of life exceeded that of
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
all wars of our Republic and all of England's wars for over eight centuries of history, is termed a " coffee cooler, " a "fraud, "a "mercenary," by the children of those for whom he restored the nation and preserved an undivided national domain, the greatest and richest inheritance ever bestowed upon a free people. For what cause are these opprobrious epithets applied? Certainly not because he accepted pay in depreciated " greenbacks " which were worth on an aver- age, not to exceed sixty cents on the dollar, at one time worth only ten twenty-eighths of a dollar, instead of money " as good as gold," as promised; not because land-warrants were not given to him; not because of spasmodic liberal execution of pension laws.
The regiment left Camp Logan on August i8, and ar- rived in Indianapolis the same day about sundown, and bivouacked for the night on the stone floor of the state house.
In the early morning of August 19, at Camp Carring- ton, in Indianapolis, the regiment was furnished with break- fast, followed by distribution of equipments, consisting in part of knapsacks, haversacks, rubber ponchoes. blankets and overcoats.. Whoever was the cause of the delivery of heavy woolen blankets and overcoats to the boys in Au- gust was cursed without stint within forty-eight hours. Winter clothing in the month of August did not seem to be a necessity.
It was two o'clock in the afternoon when a parade was formed in two long, irregular lines of men in blue, many of whom were in line for the first time, extending diagonally across the " old camp ground." The men stood at a "parade rest," without arms, the lines about three paces apart; the surgeons passed down the front line from right to left, returning in front of rear rank, inspecting the men (it was called examination), and in a few instances, seeing the blanched face of some boy who had just bade farewell to mother, sister or sweetheart, perhaps for the last
ENLISTMENT AND MUSTEK-IN.
time, would order him to step out in front one pace, for more careful examination. The surgeons made report, and the mustering officer, by whose side stood our colonel, Ed- ward A. King, ordered "ATTENTION! Hats off! Hands up!" Some raised the right hand, some the left, and a few both. The mistakes were quickly corrected, and in due form the following oath of service was taken:
"I, do solemnly swear that I will bear
true faith and allegiance to the United States of America. That I will serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies, whomsoever; that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States, and of the officers ap- pointed over me, according to the 'Rules and Articles of war.' So help me God."
The mustering ofBcer declared "the officers and men of the Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry duly mustered into the service of the United States to serve for the period of three years, or during the war, unless sooner discharged." The regiment was now an integral part of the grand army of the Union in the_battle between liberty and slavery; be- twixt nationality and state sovereignty, a unit in the great army of freedom.
Colonel King then ordered "Attention!" and informed the regiment that it would go at once to Kentucky, without arms, which would be furnished at Louisville.
The afternoon was well spent, when the ranks were broken and men ordered to quarters. Governor Morton asked the regiment to go into Kentucky, where troops were badly needed, without the twenty-five dollars "advance bounty money, " saying that arms would be furnished at Louisville; that the mere force of our presence in Kentucky was invaluable to the service. Three cheers and a promise to go were given the Governor, and within fifty minutes the regiment was moving to the old Union depot, and at mid- night was on the cars and on the way to Kentucky, at that time a theater of war. The regiment was rushed to the
lO SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT I. V. I.
front, without instruction, without drill, without arms, only a few hours after the men had left their homes. A sol- dier was popular then.
"God and the soldier all men adore In times of war — but not before. When the war is over, and all things righted, God is forgotten and the soldier slighted."
Contrast the soldier as he stood at the front offering his life for the preservation of the union of the states; as a guarantor for the payment of money due the bond- holder, and as he stands today, recalled only as a pensioner and a useless burden to the government he fought for and saved to the world, "a Government of the people, by the people, and for the people. "
CHAPTER
KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN — AUGUST 20 TO SEPTEMBER 26, I 862.
"We are marching to the field, boys, Going to the fight, Shouting the battle-cry of freedom."
Our first excursion by rail, the night of our muster into the United States service, was not made in a vestibule train of Pullman cars, but in box and cattle cars, and crowded so it was impossible to lie down. We were re- joiced when we arrived at Jeffersonville, Indiana, in front of Louisville, the following morning, and tumbled out of the cars, and were -soon in line on the banks of the Ohio river. At lo o'clock A. M. on the second day of our serv- ice we crossed the river at Louisville, landing at foot of Third street. The line was formed on Third street. The heat was intense.
The Sixty-eighth made its first march south of the Ohio river through the city of Louisville, where on every side was seen uniforms, swords and muskets, telling us we had reached the theater of war. We were the van guard of the troops forwarded by the governors of Ohio, Indi- ana, Illinois and Michigan on* the urgent appeals of the secretary of war, to resist the Confederate invasion of Kentucky and the threatened invasion of Ohio. In this connection a letter of General Bragg,' commanding con- federate forces in Tennessee, to Major-General John C. Breckenridge, will be read with interest:
1— Vol. J6. part 2. War Records, page !)'.».'>.
12 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Chattanooga, August 8, 1862. Major- General J. C. Breckenridge.
My Dear General: — Having but time for a note, per Mr. John- son, I must leave him to explain what he knows or suspects of the future. My army has promised to make me military governor of Ohio in ninety days, Seward's time for crushing the rebellion, and as they cannot do that without passing your home, I have thought you would like to have an escort to visit your family. * * * Your influence in Kentucky would be equal to an extra division in my army, but you can readily see my embarrassment. Your division cannot be brought here now. '* * * If agreeable to yourself and General Van Dorn, you have no time to lose.
* * * * * *
We only await our train, and the capture of the forces at Cum- berland Gap, both of which we expect to hear from very soon. Our prospects were never more encouraging.
Most respectfully and truly yours,
Braxton Bragg.
General Bragg crossed the Tennessee river with his army on the 24th of August, and Walden's Ridge on the 28th, and was marching northward. General E. Kirby Smith was at Barboursville, Kentucky, with an army of 10,000 men ready to move on Lexington, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio. General Stevenson was in front of Cum- berland Gap with about 12,000 men, thus surrounding our forces, 7,000 men, at the Gap, under Brigadier-General George W. Morgan. General Humphrey Marshall with 8,000 men was marching from Pound Gap, by way of Mt. Sterling, to join Kirby Smith. General Bragg with his army passed the left flank of the Army of the Ohio, under General Buell, and crossed the Cumberland river at Gainesville on September 10, reaching Glasgow, Kentucky, on September 13, before any portion of the army of General Buell passed Bowling Green, thus separating our forces, severing our communications, and leading to the capture of our forces at Munfordville on the 17th. From the i8th to the 21st the two armies confronted each other near Prewitt's Knob, and disposition was made for battle. While the troops of General Buell were being placed in position by General
KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN — AUG. 20 TO SEPT. 26, '62. I 3
Thomas, Bragg retreated, moving a short distance toward Louisville, then, turning to the right, took a position near Bardstown to form a junction with the forces of General E. Kirby Smith and assault the city of Louisville. General Buell's army moved on what is now known as the river road to Louisville, arriving on the 28th. General Bragg on arriv- ing at Bardstown found that the whole available force of General E. Kirby Smith had gone in pursuit of General Morgan's forces at Cumberland Gap, who were trying to escape by the valley of Sandy river in eastern Iventucky. The delay caused by this pursuit prevented a junction of the rebel forces as designated, and enabled General Buell to reach Louisville before an assault could be made on the city. The plan of the rebels in their campaign in Iven- tucky was to capture the cities of Louisville and Cincin- nati, save Kentucky to the Confederacy, and carry the war into the north.
The saddest words of tongue or pen are "what might have been." Had General Bragg advanced by forced marches, instead of delaying about six days, to capture Munfordville, he could have reached Louisville at least one week ahead of Buell, and with the aid of General E. Kirby Smith, whom he had ordered to join him, assaulted and captured Louisville, with over 20,000 raw and undisci- plined Union troops, and successfully resisted the army of General Buell.
The battle of Richmond was fought on August 30, with a loss to our army of 220 killed, 867 wounded and 4,800 captured. This engagement was brought on by Gen- eral Manson m violation of orders of General Nelson, and was a great disaster to the Union arms, practically de- stroying one-third of our army in Kentucky.
The Sixty-eighth Indiana was in camp at Louisville. On August 22 it was armed with Springfield rifles, each soldier getting a gun and cartridge box, and forty rounds of ammunition. Those were busy and exciting days, and
14 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
full of study for officers and men alike. Squad and com- pany movements were practised with regularity. The manual of arms was the most "catchy," and "load in nine times," with the ring of the iron ramrod in the empty barrels, were familiar sounds. Very few of our officers were qualified to drill a company, and the regiment was a large "awkward squad." Our first "dress parade" at Louisville must have been amusing to our colonel, but he gave no sign. On the 23d the regiment drew its teams — twelve wagons and seventy-two mules — and on the 25th, about noon, it broke camp and marched six miles, toward Bardstown, on a Kentucky pike, wide and dusty, under the fierce glare of an August sun. On the 28th, at 2 P. M., we arrived at Bardstown, and pitched tents on the banks of Salt river, about one mile from town, where we remained drilling every moment when not otherwise em- ployed until the 31st, when we struck tents and marched ten miles toward Lebanon. It was at Bardstown, on the 29th, about midnight, that our first long roll was sounded. It was a false alarm given to accustom officers and men to this imperative call for duty. The Sixty-eighth was the only regiment at that place. On September i we arrived at Lebanon. While there Company A of the Sixty-eighth, under Captain John S. Scobey, Company I of the Seventy- fifth, under Captain Mahlon D. Floyd, and Company B of the Seventy-second, under Captain Henry M. Carr, were sent to Muldraughs Hill, under command of Henry M. Carr, the senior captain, to intercept a battalion of General John H. Morgan's forces. They selected a good position, but Morgan failed to attack them on their chosen battle ground, and after waiting a day for him they returned to Lebanon. On the 6th we went by railroad to Lebanon Junction. On the 15th the regiment, with the exception of Companies B and I, and a picket guard of i 56 men from the other eight companies, under command of Lieutenant Richard L. Leeson, was sent by rail to re-enforce the com-
<;x?
LIEUTEXAXT-rOLOXPIL lOHX S. SCOBEY.
KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN AUG. 20 TO SEPT. 26, '62. 15
mand at Munfordville. The bridge at Bacon creek having been destroyed by the enemy, the regiment got off the cars and marched quickly to Munfordville, arriving at lo P. M., and were at once placed in position by the commanding officer, Colonel Dunham, and held it, with the loss of 2 men wounded, until the surrender on the 17th.
Colonel C. L. Dunham,' in his report of operations at Munfordville, says:
Justice requires me to acknowledge my obligations to Lieutenant- Colonel Edward A. King, of the Nineteenth Regulars, but now Colo- nel of the Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry. He had position about midway of the south line of the works west of the railroad. Six companies of his regiment were held in a hollow near by, as a sup- port, the assault being anticipated in that direction. His experience, coolness and close- observation, even when shells and musket balls flew thick and fast, were invaluable and cannot be too highly praised.
On September 17, at 2 A. M., the forces at Munford- ville, to-wit: Thirteenth Indiana Light Artillery (de- tachment). Seventeenth Indiana Infantry (detachment). Fifteenth, Sixtieth, Sixty-seventh, Sixty-eighth, Seventy- fourth (two compaeies). Seventy-eighth (Company K), Eighty-ninth Indiana Infantry, Twenty-eighth Kentucky (Company G), First Ohio Light Artillery, Battery D, Eighteenth United States Infantry, Company H, Second Battalion, 156 commissioned officers and 3,992 enlisted men, were surrendered to the enemy by Colonel John T. Wilder, who had succeded Colonel C. L. Dunham in com- mand. Colonel Wilder before surrendering was graciously permitted to visit the lines of the enemy and observe their strength, which he estimated at over 25,000 men, with forty- five cannon in position to reduce the place. He surrendered at once to stop further and useless loss of life. Union loss,'- 15 killed and 57 wounded. Confederate loss,'' 35 killed and 250 wounded.
The terms of surrender provided that; officers should
1— Vol. 16, part 1, War Kecords, page 967. 2— Vol. 16, part 1, War Records, page 116T. 3— Vol. 16, part 1, \\'ar Records, pafje 982.
l6 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I,
retain their side arms and all private property, and enlisted men retain their haversacks, canteens and blankets, and have four days' rations. At 6 A. M., on the 17th, our forces marched out of the works with all the honors of vvar. Of- ficers and men were paroled.
The silk flag given the Sixty-eighth by the ladies of Greensburg was not turned over to the enemy, being se- creted on the person of Colonel Edward A. King.
On the 1 8th the enemy gave us out of stores captured from us four days' alleged rations, one cracker and one- third pound of bacon each, and under a flag of truce and a rebel escort, with a band playing " Dixie,'" we marched through their lines to the army of General Buell. Our march through the picket lines was somewhat delayed by the little pleasantry of the pickets shooting at each other, and we were halted until this exchange of courtesies was com- pleted. On the 20th, after marching and counter march- ing, on dusty roads, tormented by the heat, suffering from thirst and hunger, and at times nearly smothered by dust, we arrived at Bowling Green nearly famished, having passed over a route that had been ravaged by both armies. We were promised rations at Bowling Green, which for some reason were not furnished us. However, rations in abund- ance were obtained in an irregular manner, no regular re- turn being made, and now, for the first time, the delayed "Ration Return," by Lieutenant-Colonel Ben C. Shaw, is published.
A DELAYED RATION RETURN.
When we reached Buell's army after the surrender of Munford- ville, Kentucky, at which place we had been taken prisoners, and had been paroled by Bragg, we were almost famished. Buell's army was almost as bad of¥, having but little spoiled meat to divide with us. Even this poor fare was extremely palatable, but did not suffice to restore us to our normal condition. After three days we were ordered to Bowling Green, some fifty miles southwest of Cave City, which was General Buell's headquarters. We were promised one day's
KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN AUG. 20 TO SEPT. 26, '62. 1/
rations at a small railroad station which we were told we could reach by noon. When we reached there, and before it came our turn to draw our rations, we were ordered to Cave City, as an exchange had been effected for our regiment, Colonel King having remained at Buell's headquarters for that purpose. The order also directed that lOur share of the rations should be turned over to our comrades in misery, who would be compelled to trudge on to Bowling Green and then make a several days' march for Indiana.
We cheerfully fell into line again and about-faced, believing that a great favbr had been obtained for our regiment. As we left the long-looked-for rations behind, we, even in ,our hunger, felt a great pity for our comrades who had not received the favor of an exchange.
With buoyant step, in three hours' time we had tramped to within six or eight miles of Cave City, when we were met by a courier from General Buell who informed us that the exchange had failed,, and ordered us back to Bowling Green at once. The courier also handed me a note from Colonel King, briefly stating the same facts and saying that he would go by rail to Bowling Green and have rations ready for our arrival, which he hoped we could make by the evening of the next day. We were about forty-five miles from Bow- ling Green at this time.
We promptly counter-marched again on that historic Louisville and Nashville pike, but not with the same light step as before. We seemed to be of the opinion that our stomachs needed something to sustain us and were revolting at the long delay. All the time this miserable counter-marching was going on we had not one drop of. water except some miserable stuff that was taken from stagnant ponds along the roadside and in the pastures. They were covered with, slime and lined around the edges with mule dung, and our stomachs revolted at the sight of them. Both Bragg's and Buell's commands had been foraging along that road for the last ten or fifteen days, and there was no hope of securing a mouthful of provisions any- where. As night came on our skirmishers reported that a corn field near by liad a few ears of corn yet in it, scattered about, and that with good search we might find enough to satisfy our immediate cravings of hunger. I ordered the command into camp, and the boys parched corn and ate it. There was not enough left for breakfast the next morning, but with the hope of supply when we got to Bowl- ing Green, thirty-five miles away, we started out. Tired, footsore and weary, about eight o'clock that night we were met by Colonel King, about two miles out of Bowling Green, with the information that not a pound of rations could be obtained. He said that Colonel Bruce, of a Kentucky regiment, who was in command of the post, informed him that all the rations in the post commissary had been distributed and he did not have a single ration at his command. 2
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I,
This news was received in silence by the men. They were famished for food and water. The anxiety of my mind was intensely strained. The prospect of water a short distance ahead led us to go on until we should reach it. Even to lie down on the commons of Bowling Green and know that we were at the end of our journey would be some relief, so on we went.
Although after we had gone into camp Colonel King fully ex- plained to some officers how he had exhausted every means to obtain rations, and although it seemed utterly impossible, he was willing to go up to town with any of us to see if any further efforts would promise better results. We were about half a mile from headquarters.
At once Adjutant Goodwin and myself started with him on the forlorn mission. Coming to the post guard line, we were refused admission, as Colonel King had forgotten to get the countersign, and the sentinels said their orders were imperative. I asked the guards to call the officer of the guard, which was done, who, on his arrival, said it was impossible to admit us without the countersign. I then introduced the officer to Colonel King, saying his regiment was lying on the commons, had just arrived, and that he had very important business to look after at headquarters, and as we were bound to go in his next duty was to send us to headquarters under guard, and a single non-commissioned officer could perform that duty, to which the officer of the guard readily consented.
Colonel King, however, objected, saying a regular officer could not afford to subrhit to the indignity of going to headquarters under arrest, that the adjutant and myself might go if we saw fit, but he would go back to the regiment and sleep with the boys on the ground.
Consequently, the adjutant and myself were sent up to headquar- ters, with the sergeant of the guard as an escort. Arriving at head- quarters, we were ushered to a room on the public square contain- ing a number of officers with a captain seated at a table, who we inferred was acting provost marshal. We three approached him rap- idly. Neither the adjutant nor myself had any insignia of office about us, except the swords at our sides and a light blouse. Saluting the captain, I asked if he was the provost marshal. He replied in the affirmative. I said this sergeant, as an officer of the guard, had refused to allow Colonel King to come to headquarters, and com- manding him to remain out on the commons with his regiment that had just come in, though he had important business at the headquar- ters of the post, adding, we will leave him with you, whereupon we strode out of the room, before the astonished sergeant could find tongue to express his surprise at the turn affairs were taking. We had important business elsewhere and proceeded to attend to it.
We sTispected the distribution of the post commissary rations to the commands encamped in Bowling Green and around was only
KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN — AUG. 20 TO SEPT. 26, '62. I 9
a ruse to excuse the disobedience of General Buell's order to supply all the paroled prisoners with rations, on their arrival, and it only took us a few minutes to get sufficient evidence, at least enough to convince us that that was the true reason. After consultation, we resolved to beat the scheme by some kind of strategy not laid down in the books, as the "regulation road" had been diligently canvassed by Colonel King that day.
We located the principal depot of supplies and woke up the sen- tinel. At our request, he woke up the commissary sergeant, who appeared in his night clothes. We told him we were officers inter- ested in the government supplies, and wanted to see the condition of the stock. We found that it was quite ample, and asked him if we came in the morning with an order from General Buell, counter- signed by the post commander, if he would issue a couple of loads for a couple of regiments that had just arrived and were almost fam- ished. He seemed astonished, and said that the rations belonged to Colonel Bruce's regiment, that all post rations had been distributed, etc., etc. We then went to an old hotel and deliberated. We lost no time in coming to the conclusion that if any troops in the army were entitled to any rations it was the Sixty-eighth Indiana, and that it was our duty to see that they got them. Then Adjutant Good- win went to the camp of a neighboring regiment and borrowed a couple of wagons to facilitate our movements. He brought twenty men with him. He was instructed to call me Major, for we had no major at that time. I met the wagons near the point of attack. The sentinel was somewhat surprised to see us and called the sergeant. I told him to hand meliis gun, which he did very promptly. I then told the sergeant to open the door, which he very obligingly did. He was disposed to object, but seeing the force of my remarks concluded to sit down upon a sack and take a rest. For company I sat down beside him. As I had the only gun, I felt able to command the situ- ation, which I very obligingly did. The boys were very busy, and frequently asker the "Major" what to take next. They took what- ever was in sight, and only stopped when the wagons were full and we thought we had about evened up the shameful way we had been treated. Adjutant Goodwin then started the wrong way, to throw them off the scent, while I stayed to converse with the sentinel and sergeant. When near the time for the relief to fall in I suddenly remembered that I had the sentinel's gun, which I restored to him, remarking that I must be going, as I had to see Colonel Bruce and serve him with the requisition which I had on him from General Buell.
As I approached our camp the smell of cooking meat and boil- ing coffee was indeed as a sweet smelling savor to my olfactory system. I was received with much enthusiasm, which I remember to this day with pleasure.
20 SIXTY- EIGHTH REGIMPINT, I. V. I.
After breakfast, in company with Adjutant Goodwin and Sur- geon Wooden, I went to Colonel Bruce's headquarters, and standing in front of him asked if I had the honor of addressing Colonel Bruce, the post commander. He replied that I had. I handed him a paper, saying, "I have a requisition from General Buell for three horses for the use of the officers of our regiment in marching to the Ohio river." Without opening the paper he demanded if I was the "Major" who robbed his commissary department that morning. Dr. Wooden spoke up quickly and said: "Colonel Bruce, allow me to introduce you to Lieutenant-Colonel Shaw, of the Sixty-eighth Indi- ana Infantry." Colonel Bruce said, "Colonel, I beg your pardon," and went on to tell how some major of one of these paroled regi- ments had taken liberties with some provisions which belonged to his regiment. We were surprised to hear it. As soon as his strong flow of language had subsided we called his attention again to the requisition, whereupon he gave orders at once for their delivery to us. Within two hours thereafter the Sixty-eighth Indiana was moving briskly out for the Ohio river.
I have no apologies to make for delaying this report of the "operations of the Sixty-eighth Indiana, in the above action," except to charge it to forgetfulness. Now that it comes to my mind I hereby tender it to that strictly first-class officer and gentleman, Colonel Bruce, late editor of the Turf, Field and Farm.
I have the honor to be, etc.,
B. C. Shaw, Lieutenant-Colonel Sixty-eighth Ind.
Indianapolis, Ind., Aug. 19, 1891.
On the 26th we reached the Ohio riA-er, crossing at Brandenburg, and two days later arrived at New Albany, Indiana. On October i we arrived at Indianapolis and were given a parole furlough until October 27.
The detachment of 156 men from Companies A, C, D, E, F, G, H and K at Lebanon Junction was. on order of General Dumont, organized as a company. Lieutenant Richard L. Leeson in command, which, with Companies B and I, was placed under command of Major Joseph B. Cox, Sixtieth Indiana Infantry, and put in readiness to move against the enemy, who were firing on our pickets. Cox's battalion was on double duty daily, on picket, then at work on fortifications, then on outpost duty again, followed by battalion drill.
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KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN— AUG. 20 TO SEPT. 26, '62. 2 1
One half of Company B was on picket duty the night of September i6, at which time Albert Rankin was shot and mortally wounded by his friend, Mark Robertson, under the following circumstances, related by Captain George W. Foreman:
The firing at the front soon had the reserves in line of battle. The remaining one-half of Company B formed a skirmish Ime and advanced in the wood toward the picket line, when we soon met Rob- ertson coming to the rear at race-horse speed, yelling at every jump, "The enemy is coming." We stopped him, and advancing cautiously for some distance we heard Albert Rankin calling, "Oh, Mark, come back; you have shot me." We hastened to him, and found that he was mortally wounded, the ball having entered his body near the navel. The wounded man said, " Mark and me were sleeping together, and I awoke and went a short distance, and on returning Mark, half awake, jumped up and shot me." Robertson and Rankin were close friends, and were engaged to marry sisters upon their return from the service.
This tragedy was due to the severe tension on raw troops in face of the enemy. Albert Rankin died in a few hours, and was buried at Shepherdsville, Bullitt county. Mark Robertson was a good soldier, and fought bravely in the battle of Chickamauga, where he fell severely wounded in Saturday's tight and was taken prisoner. He has since entered into that larger life beyond the grave.
On the morning of the 17th Cox's battalion moved to Shepherdsville, where it remained until the 21st, when it went to Louisville by rail, where it was on daily duty drill- ing until the 30th, when it was ordered to Elizabethtown, and marched to a point opposite New Albany, Indiana, where it embarked on the steamer ' ' Mary Crane " and went to West Point. There it debarked at 9 P. M. and biv- ouacked for the night, and resumed the march in the early morning, reaching Elizabethtown at 8 A. M., and at i P. M. started to Louisville, going six miles. The object of this march was to guard Buell's wagon train of about 2,000 wagons to Louisville, and for the three following days they
22 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
made eig^hteen miles a day. The weather was very warm, the road=; dusty, and no water, save what was found in stagnant pools, the wells and springs having all been drained. The men arrived at Louisville tired and thirsty, many of them worn out, broken down, and permanently disabled by this terribly exhausting march. The cheering news at Louisville, " ordered to Indianapolis," greeted the men of the Sixty-eighth and in a few hours they were en route by railroad to Indianapolis, arriving at midnight, October 6th, and were given a furlough hom.e to October 27. This recall to Indianapolis to rejoin the regiment was obtained from the War Department by Governor Morton.
On September 29, the Confederate armies occupied the principal part of Kentucky, their lines extending from Lexington to Bardstown. On the 4th day of October, 1862, a provisional state government was instituted by Gen- eral Bragg by the inauguration of Richard Hawes as gov- ernor, evidence of which is submitted as follows:^
Headquarters Department No. 2.
Bryantsville, Ky., Oct. 12, 1862. Sir: — By a great pressure of active engagements I have been unable to communicate since my last dispatch until now. My rapid tour of inspection was suddenly terminated at Frankfort just at the close of installing the provisional governor into office, a heavy advance of the enemy on that point rendering it necessary for me to concen- trate my forces. * * * *
I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant,
Braxton Bragg,
General Commanding. The Adjutant General, Richmond, Va.
This is confirmed by the report of Union General J. W. Sill,' as follows:
Headquarters Second Division, Oct. 5, 1862. General: — * * * On Friday evening and Saturday morning the rebels had massed at Frankfort an army estimated at from 12,000
1 — Vol. 16, part 1, War Records, page 1087. 2— Vol. 16, part 1, War Records, page 1020.
KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN — AUG. 20 TO SEPT. 26, '62. 23
to 20,000. They inaugurated Richard Hawes as governor, at 12 M. yesterday; at 3 P. M. they began to evacuate, and during the evening burned the railroad bridge over the Kentucky river and also tore up the flooring and timbers of the turnpike bridge. * * * Respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. W. Sill, Brig. To Maj.-Gen. D. C. Buell.
The creation of a state g-overnment, and the enforce- ment of conscription and other Confederate laws show the purpose of the invasion was permanent occupation of the state. That it was so regarded by the people of Kentucky, we have the testimony of Hon. James B. Beck, late United States senator from that state, and a law partner of John C. Breckinridge from 1855 to i860, given as a witness before the *'Buell Commission," as follows :
Question — Did the people of Kentucky regard the invasion of the state by the armies of Bragg and Kirby Smith, and the additional force that was expected under Breckinridge, as a temporary raid, or did they regard it as a formidable effort to get possession of the state, and secure it to the cause of the rebellion?
Answer — I think^-all regarded it as a formidable effort to hold permanent possession of Kentucky, if possible. '
On October 3d General Bragg's army began its ret- rogade movement from Bardstown via Perryville and Har- rodsburg, passing Cumberland Gap October 19 to 24, and four weeks later appeared before Nashville, Tennessee, bet- ter organized, better clothed and fed, and in larger numbers than when it entered Kentucky in midsummer.
The Confederate invasion of Kentucky inflicted upon the Union catise heavy and severe losses — 20,000 prisoners, and 25,000 stand of small arms, 81 pieces of artillery, 1,000 wagons and teams, and large stores of subsistence, were captured : also, a large number of horses and mules con- fiscated from the loyal farmers, and nearly 7,000 Union soldiers killed and wounded; yet failed utterly in its main purpose, the capture of the cities of Louisville and Cincin-
24 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
nati, and securing Kentucky to the Confederacy. In sup- port of this view I call the enemy as a witness. General Bragg/ in his report dated Bryantsville, Kentucky, Octo- ber 12, 1862, says:
The campaign here was predicated on a belief and the most positive assurance that the people of this country would rise en masse to assert their independence. No people ever had so favorable an opportunity, but I am distressed to add there is little or no disposi- tion to avail of it. Willing perhaps to accept their independence, they are. neither disposed nor willing to risk their lives or their prop- erty in its achievement. With ample means to arm 20,000 men and a force with that to fully redeem the state, we have not yet issued half the arms left us by casualties incident to the campaign.
Thus ended the Confederate campaign in Kentucky. Sic transit gloria mundi.
1 — Vol. IG, part 1, War Eecords, page 1037.
CHAPTER III.
CAMP DUMONT MURFREESBORO.
"The foe is before us in battle array, But let us not waver nor turn from the way."'
October 27, 1862, the regiment reported in camp at Indianapolis for orders. All officers of the field, staff and line were nresent, and when the company rolls were called for the first time all were present, or accounted for. Some had answered the last roll call and crossed the mystic river, and others were in hospital or sick at home, from diseases contracted during the campaign in Kentucky, llie sudden change from home to camp, and march and battle, with the change from home cooking to army cooking, where "hard tack" and salt pork were the chief staples, was dis- astrous in its results. The march from Munfordville to Brandenburg, on dusty roads, without sufficient food or w^ater, a part of the time only green corn without salt, was as serious as a battle. Officers and enlisted men fared and suffered alike.
This body of untrained soldiers, in camp awaiting ex- change, were anxious to learn the duties of a soldier. The first order issued from regimental headquarters is here given in full :
Headquarters Sixty-eighth Indiana Regiment,
Camp Dumont^ Indianapolis, Nov. i, 1862. General Order No. i.
Until otherwise ordered, calls will be sounded from these head- quarters in the following order :
26 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Reveille— 6 A. M. Breakfast— 7 A. M. Police call— 7:30 A. M. First call for guard mount — 7 145 A. M. Guard mount— 8 A. M. Sick call— 8:30 A. M. Sergeant's report — 9 A. M. Officer's drill — 9 130 to 10 :30 A. M. Company drill — 10:30 to 11 :30 A. M. Dinner call — 12 M. Officers drill— 3 to 4:30 P. M. Company drill — 3 to 4 -.30 P. M. Retreat— 5 P. M. Tattoo— 8:50 P. M. Taps— 8 :So P. M. By order of Edward A. King, Colonel.
Cyrus B. Goodwin, Adjutant.
The drill ground was a busy place. Our colonel was ubiquitous. He instituted a school for drill of commis- sioned officers, who in turn were better able to drill raw material. He taught us how to stand guard ; to serve on picket ; to fix a guard line ; to pitch a tent ; to police a camp ; and to discharge all of the duties of a soldier in camp and on the march. The regiment was fortunate in having a colonel who thoroughly understood all of the duties of army life. He was a fine disciplinarian — an ideal officer.
Camp life was enlivened by frequent visits of relatives and friends of soldiers, and among the many visitations we recall one from Brookville, Franklin county (there were three companies from that county), of a number of people, and among them Hon. John S. Martin, a prominent farmer and local statesman, whose fame has since spread beyond the confines of his county. John was a Democrat of the school of Jefferson and Jackson, believed in the United States, and was a friend of the soldier. He was a temper- ance man, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church also. While in camp with friends he was anxious to ex- tend hospitality of, an agreeable nature to the boys, his old friends, and he said, "Boys, it will not do for me to get any-
CAMP DUMONT — MUREREESBORO. 27
thing in glass, and try to pass the guard hne, but here is something for the use of any man who will get the refresh- ments." Alanson R. Ryman, another temperance man and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, volunteered, and went out of camp and soon returned with three loaves of bread, which upon examination contained glass. He had run the blockade and the boys enjoyed the refreshments.
On November 8 we drew arms and accoutrements, and on the 1 8th wxre informed of our exchange, which was greeted with three cheers. On the 27th we were in grand review by General Wright and Governor Morton. While at Indianapolis we lost three commissioned officers by resig- nation, fifty enlisted men by non-age, discharged by civil authority, thirty-six by transfer to the regular army, and ninety by death, and discharge by reason of disability due to the exposure and hardships of the midsummer campaign in Kentuck}'-, a total of 184 men. Those in hospital who never rejoined largely increased this number, so that by the time we again went to the front nearly one-fourth of the regiment had died^een discharged or transferred since its muster.
On December 26 we went to Louisville, where we re- mained until January 7, when we broke camp in the early morning and marched to Portland, on the Ohio river, op- posite New Albany, Indiana, where we arrived at 10 A. M. and bivouacked on the wharf or landing without shelter. During the night snow fell to the depth of several inches. On the 8th we stood in the snow in inclement weather imtil 5 P. M., when we embarked on the steamboats "Fort Wayne" and "Horizon," as guards for a fleet of twenty-six boats laden with supplies of all kinds for the Army of the Cumberland at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The writer has a vivid recollection of that night, passed on the bank of "La Belle Riviere," with no shelter but the clouds over- head, and the winds of a winter storm to rock us to sleep on piles of camp equipage, strewn around promiscuously on
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
the landing. However, this exposure was accepted as a part of the show ; hut, taking a retrospective view, I am of the opinion that it would have been better to have got the boats ready before breaking camp. The exposure of that night caused much suiffering and disease, resulting in death to some, and the discharge of nearly one hundred of our regiment. Many of the men who camped on the river bank that night have since crossed the silent river by reason of disease contracted at that time, aggravated by exposure and hardships following. The change to life on the boat was agreeable and the situation novel. The pilot house of each boat was covered with boiler iron on each side, and the sides were boarded up with heavy plank, to protect the machinery of the boats, and the men from the attacks of guerrilla bands that infested the banks of the Cumberland river from Clarksville to Nashville, Tenneasee. We were attacked fre- quently, lost two boats, destroyed by the rebels, and several men killed and wounded. The fleet arrived at Nashville on January 19, and' we debarked on the 20th and pitched tents in the suburbs. The ground was covered with the beauti- ful snow to the depth of six inches. A dense fog — more opaque than a London fog — prevailed, and it was amusing to hear the call of company and regiment to avoid separa- tion. The snow was followed by mud, the genuine article, which had to be scraped in piles to lay out our camp. On the 23d we changed camp one-half mile east, and went through the same process of scraping mud, pitching Sibley tents, and policing camp, and on the 25th had inspection at II A. M., preaching at 2 P. M. and dress parade at 4 P. M., when we received orders to prepare to march at once. In thirty minutes we were on the march to the railroad depot, where we took the care and went east about ten miles to Sand Creek, where we got off the cars and bivouacked. About I A. M. we were called into line, and were soon on the march, going about four miles to attack the enemy, who
CAMP DUMONT — MURFREESBORO. 29^
failed to meet us, and about 3 A. M. we were faced about and returned to the raih-oad, over a rough road, and at i P. M. took a train and returned to camp. This was a stirring winter for us ; we \\-ent on mmierous excursions l)y raih'oad to resist threatened attacks by the enemy. A part of the time we were subject to orders of WilHam Truesdale,, chief of army poHce, and on one occasion a detail of over two hundred men, under command of Captain Leeson, was. ordered to report to him for orders and were assigned to the duty of catching "niggers," to be put at work on forti- fications. About two hundred able bodied negroes were found and sent out to the works on the "Granny White" pike. At one time we were under command of General Dan McCook; again at Franklin under a General Smith.
On April 3 we broke camp, arriving at Murfreesboro on the 4th, where we went into camp near the pike east of town. It was at this place that we parted company with the Sibley tent, which would hold about twenty-five men, and received what the boys called "pup tents," a small piece of canvas or coarse muslin, given to each soldier, to be car- ried on his knapsack, and two isoldiers, by buttoning their pieces together and stretching them over what was called a ridge pole, improvised for the occasion, and sloping to the ground and pinned there by wooden pins, formed a shelter from sun, and sometimes from rain. The Sibley tent was a fine thing while in camp, but on the march it was put into the wagon, that always failed to come up at night. At this time the wagon train was reduced from twelve wagons to two for each regiment, and the army placed in light niarch- ing order — ^stripped for the fray, as it were.
General Orders No. 104, Headquarters Department of the Cumberland, ]\Iarch 8, 1863, limited each soldier to "one blanket, two pairs of drawers, two pairs of socks, one jacket or blouse, one pair of trowsers, one pair of shoes or boots, and one hat or cap. No articles of clothing tO' be
30 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
carried in the knapsack except such of the above as are not worn."
During our encampment at Murfreesboro we were un- assigned, but subject to orders of Major-General Joseph J. Reynolds, commanding the Fifth Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, to whose division the Sixty-eighth was as- signed in June. On April 20 Major-General Reynolds, with a force of 6,600 men, including our regiment, under com- mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Ben C. Shaw, made a recon- noissance to McMinnville and other points east of Murfrees- boro. While on this expedition, which lasted ten days, we destroyed the railroad from McMinnville to Manchester. All of the bridges and trestlework were burned, also one locomotive, and all cars along the road, including the depot at McMinnville, one large cotton factory and three mills. We captured 180 prisoners at various places from Morrison to Stone's river, including five commissioned officers; also 600 blankets, 2 hogsheads of sugar, 2 hogsheads of rice, 200 bales of cotton, 8 barrels of whiskey, 30,000 pounds of bacon, and a large number of horses and cattle.
The Confederate forces in our front, with whom we had daily skirmishes, were cavalry under Brigadier-General John H. Morgan and Brigadier-General Martin, of Wheel- er's Cavalry Corps. In concluding his report of thj^ ex- pedition, General Reynolds^ says :
A force at Alexandria or Liberty would command this whole district. The inhabitants may be divided into three classes : First, the wealthy ; second, those of medium means or well-to-do ; and, third, the poor. The first class are, with a few noble exceptions, decided rebels, their farms having furnished rebel supplies, and their houses have been made stopping places for rebel commanders, con- script agents, spies, etc. Without the aid furnished by these men, the raids upon the railroad from Murfreesboro to Nashville, and from Nashville to Gallatin, and even beyond, could not be made. With the supplies furnished by these quiet citizens, the rebels are enabled to move almost without transportation or provisions, know- ing just where forage and subsistence await them.
1 — Vol. 23, part 1, War Records, page 267.
CAMP DUMONT MURFREESBORO. 3 I
The tone of this class in February, when we made our first expe- dition to that part of the country, was quite defiant; they were deter- mnied to persevere in their rebelUon until they secured their rights. They have since that time lost no little property in forage and ani- nuils to supply both armies, and, in addition, their negro men have run away, and the wagons that were driven, about February i, by soldiers detailed for that purpose were, about the last of April, just as well driven by the negroes that formerly lived in that section of country, and the strength of the companies was increased by the same number of able-bodied soldiers.
The tone of this class is now changed. They have discovered their mistake. They had been misled. They have found their rights, and they are now anxious to take the non-combatant oath, give bonds, and stay at home. The question arises here, shall they be allowed to do so? At the risk of being oiiiicious, I respectfully answer, no. If the leading men of the neighborhoods are allowed to remain, although they may give bonds, when the rebels run into their neigh- borhoods they will be forced to aid them. If they are sent away their presence and their influence are gone. A few of this class re- turned with us, a step preliminary, I trust, to a longer journey.
The second class have generally been well-meaning citizens, but without much influence politically; they have become from wavering men loyal citizens ; are desirous of taking the oath, and pursuing their ordinary avocations. Many of them have sons conscripted into the rebel service, who would desert that service and return home if their fathers were placed in a better position politically and their oppressors sent away, so that there would be no one to return them to a service which they detest. This class is deserving of the foster- ing care of the government.
The third class are all loyal ; they have no weight in the com- munity; possess but little property; they have, in fact, been subju- gated all their lives. By encouragement they must improve. They have suffered greatly from the rebel conscription. The absence of the first class is a thing generally desired by them, but they speak it only in whispers. They have at least one thing in their favor — their devotion to the flag of their country is unwavering in both men and women.
There was one idea that evidently occupied the minds of all classes. We were everywhere met with the question, "Will the Fed- eral army remain in middle Tennessee?" "Will it go forward and leave us, or will it go back and leave us?"' There is a feeling of inse- curity which can be eradicated only by adopting such measures as will convince the loyal people that this country is to be possessed only by loyal men, and that when our lines are advanced they are advanced forever; that no retrograde step will be taken, and that whatever may be necessary to loyalize a district of country. will be done before the army leaves it.
32 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
This report, with recommendations of General Rey- nolds, was forwarded by Major-General George H. Thomas, commanding- Fourteenth Army Corps, indorsed as follows :
I take great pleasure in commending to the general commanding the remarks of General Reynolds on the status of the three classes of citizens now inhabiting Tennessee as just and appreciative, and fully indorse his recommendations as to what should be our policy toward them. If those who have heretofore been active rebels were invariably put beyond our lines, we should then be able to penetrate and occupy the insurgent territory with much more certainty, as we v/ould not then be under the necessity of keeping up such strong guards in our rear to secure our lines of communication.
This endorsement clearly shows the purpose of General Thomas to do all in his power to suppress the rebellion.
By Special Field Orders No. 156, Headquarters De- partment of the Cumberland, June 8, 1863, the Sixty-eighth Indiana was assigned to the Second Brigade, Fourth Di- vision, Fourteenth Army Corps, composed of the Eightieth Illinois, Sixty-eighth, Seventy-fifth and One Hundred and First Indiana, and One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volunteers, and the Nineteenth Indiana Battery. The Eightieth IIH- nois was on detached service and on July 31, 1863, was as- signed to the reserve corps, commanded by Major-General Gordon Granger.
The Seventy-fifth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers was raised in the eleventh congressional district of Indiana, and was organized at Wabash, and mustered into the United States service at Indianapolis on. the 19th day of August, 1862, with John U. Pettitt as colonel. On the 21st it went to Louisville and took part in the campaign in Kentucky to repel the invasion by the enemy under General Braxton Bragg. In the battle of Hoover's Gap it lost two men wounded. In the battle of Chickamauga, with 514 swords and muskets in line, it lost 17 enlisted men killed, 4 com- missioned officers and 104 enlisted men wounded, and 2 com- missioned officers and 11 enlisted men missing, a total loss
FRANK McSHANE, Company A.
CAMP DUMONT MURFREESBORO. 33
of 138. In the battle of Missionary Ridge, with 18 com- missioned officers and 294 enhsted men in Hne, it lost 4 enlisted men killed. 1 commissioned officer and 14 enlisted men wounded, a total loss of 19. In the Atlanta campaign and the march to the sea it lost 6 killed and 20 wounded, a total loss of 26.
The One Hundred and First Indiana Infantry was organized at Wabash in August, 1862, and mustered into the United States service on the 7th day of September, 1862, with William Garver as colonel. It was sent to Covington, Kentucky, to assist in repelling the invasion of the rebel general, E. Kirby Smith, and on the 23d day of September it was transported by boat to Louisville, Kentucky, and on October i, with General McCook's command, went in pur- suit of the army of General Bragg. It remained in Ken- tucky doing guard duty along railroads until January, 1863, when it went to Murfreesboro, arriving on the i ith, and was assigned to Hall's brigade, Reynolds' division. Fourteenth Army Corps. It was in the fight at Vaughts Hill (Milton), Tennessee, on March 20, 1863, and lost 43 in killed and wounded. It was in the engagement at Hoover's Gap. los- ing 6 men wounded. In the battle of Chickamauga it lost 1 19 in killed, wounded and missing, out of 369 swords and rifles engaged. It took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge, losing 35 in killed, wounded and missing. In the Atlanta campaign and Sherman's march to the sea it lost 2 killed and 30 wounded, a total loss of 32.
The Nineteenth Indiana Battery was organized and mustered into the United States service at Indianapolis on the 5 th day of August, 1862, with Samuel J. Harris as cap- tain. At the time of the Confederate invasion of Ken- tucky under Bragg and Smith, it was ordered to Louis- ville, Kentucky, and was assigned to the Tenth Division of the Army of the Ohio. It was in the battle of Perryville and rendered efficient service. It reached Murfreesboro soon after the battle of Stone river in January, 1863, where
34 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, 1. V. I.
it was assigned to Hall's brigade, Reynolds' division. Four- teenth Army Corps, and at the re-organization of the army in October, 1863, at Chattanooga, it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, with which it remained until the close of the war. In the battle of Perryville it lost 18, and in Chickamauga 20 men. The One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volunteers was a Western Reserve regiment. It was mustered into the United States service at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, on the 21st day of August, 1862, and on the evening of the same day started to the theater of war. It arrived at Covington, Ken- tucky, on the 22d day of August, 1862. It left Covington for Lexington on August 25, assigned to a brigade commanded by Colonel Charles Anderson. It was on the forced march to Richmond, Kentucky, but the battle was lost before it arrived. It returned to Lexington and began a forced march to Louisville, where it arrived on the 25th and was assigned to a brigade commanded by Brigadier-General Jackson. It was in the battle of Perryville, where it lost 47 killed and 212 wounded. It remained in Kentucky doing guard duty until January, 1863, when it joined the army at Murfreesboro, and was assigned to the Second Brigade, Reynolds' division. Fourteenth Army Corps. It was en- gaged with the brigade at 'Vaughts Hill (Milton) on March 20, 1863, but was fortunate and suffered no loss. In the battle of Chickamauga it had 400 swords and muskets in line, and lost 70 in killed, wounded and missing. In the battle of Missionary Ridge it lost 1 1 in killed and wounded. In the Atlanta campaign and Sherman's march to the sea it lost 4 men killed and 30 wounded, total 34. Was mus- tered out at Washington, D. C. , June 3, 1865, and returned to Cleveland, Ohio, where it disbanded on the 8th.
Our brigade companions, the Seventy-fifth and One Hundred and First Indiana, One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, and Nineteenth Indiana Battery, were all fine organizations, with excellent officers, and we served together from June
CAMP DUMONT MURFREESBORO.
35
8 to October ii, 1863, when the army was re-organized, and our regiment assigned to the First Brigade (General Willich), composed of the Twenty-fifth, Thirty-fifth and Eighty-ninth Ilhnois, Thirty-second and Sixty-eighth Indi- ana, Eighth Kansas, Fifteenth and Forty-ninth Ohio, and Fifteenth Wisconsin Regiments, Third Division (General T. J. Wood), Fourth Army Corps (General Gordon Granger). . Our former brigade companions were assigned to the Second Brigade (VanDerveer'sj, Third Division (Baird), Fourteenth Corps, composed of the Seventy-fifth, Eighty-seventh and One Hundred and First Indiana, Sec- ond Minnesota, Ninth, Thirty-fifth and One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Regiments. The Nineteenth Indiana Battery was assigned to the artillery of the Fourteenth Army Corps. After the battle of Stone river, in January, 1863, the Confederate army under General Bragg retreated into win- ter quarters at Shelbyville and Tullahoma, throwing up for- midable earth works and fortifications at the latter place, and the Union army pitched its tents at Murfreesboro and began preparations for an advance. It was two hundred and twen- ty miles from its^base of supplies at Louisville, Kentucky, and was weak in cavalry, while the enemy was strong in that arm of the service, being reinforced by VanDorn's cavalry, about five thousand effective men, which enabled him to raid our communications and collect forage and sub- sistence from the country.
On January 9, by General Order No. 9, War Depart- ment, the Army of the Cumberland was reorganized, and the center, right and left were constituted corps d'armee, and designated as Fourteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps, under the same commanders, Major-Generals Thom- as, McCook and Crittenden.
The Fourteenth Corps, commanded by Major-General George H. Thomas, was composed of four divisions, com- manded by Major-General Lovell H. Rosseau, Major-Gen- eral James S. Negley, Brigadier-General John M. Brannan
36 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
and Major-General 'Joseph J. Reynolds, in the order named. The Twentieth Corps, commanded by Major-General Alex- ander McD. McCook, was composed of three divisions, commanded by Brigadier-General Jefferson C. Davis, Briga- dier-General Richard W. Johnson and Major-General Philip H. Sheridan, in the order named. The Twenty-first Corps, under command of Major-General Thomas L. Crit- tenden, was divided into three divisions, commanded by Brigadier-General Thomas J. Wood, Major-General John M. Palmer and Brigadier-General Horatio P. VanCleve, in the order named.
On the 25th the command of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson was transferred from the department under Grant to that under Rosecrans, and later Fort Heiman. To Rose- crans was then committed the care of the Cumberland river, his second line of supplies. The Louisville & Nashville Railroad, his first and principal line of communication and supplies, had been completely wrecked by the enemy a short time before the battle of Stone river. This explains the trip of the Sixty-eighth Indiana up the Cumberland river in charge of boats with supplies for the army. The destruc- tion of this road made it impossible to forward sufficient supplies to meet the wants of this army, and for a period while it remained at Murfreesboro the rations were very short. In the latter part of January Bragg ordered Wheeler on an expedition to capture Fort Donelson. Wheeler or- dered Forrest to move his brigade, which included four pieces of artillery, to the vicinity of Dover, the real position occupied by the Union forces, and not the old site of Fort Donelson. Wheeler, with Wharton's command of over two thousand men, moved on a road to the left. On Feb- ruary 3 Wheeler with his entire force attacked Dover, held by the Eighty-third Illinois, under Colonel Harding, about six hundred and fifty men, and was repulsed with heavy loss. A second attack was made, and he was again re- pulsed with greater loss than before. Wheeler, learning
CAMP DUMONT MURFREESBORO. 37
of the approach of General Davis, with his division and two brigades of cavalry under the gallant Minty, of Mich- igan, hastily withdrew, with a total loss of 150 killed, 400 wounded and 163 captured. During the last attack by Wheeler Colonel Harding was assisted by the fire from five or six gun boats on the Cumberland river, which were act- ing as convoys for a fleet of transports with eighteen regi- ments of infantry and four batteries of artillery, on their way to re-enforce Rosecrans.
For six months these armies lay confronting each other, preparing for what each felt must be a great battle. The army of Rosecrans was what may be called the "re- serve" of the Union forces. The Army of the Potomac, under General Hooker, had been defeated at Chancellors- ville and the Army of Northern V'irginia, under General Lee, had entered Maryland, threatening an advance upon the rear of the capital and the great cities of Baltimore and Philadelphia. The army of General Grant was in front of Vicksburg, with General Joseph E. Johnston in his rear. General Grant was anxious for an advance of the Army of the Cumberland to prevent Bragg from sending re-enforce- ments to Pemberton or Johnston, then in his front and rear, and was urging Rosecrans to move, and requested Haileck to order an advance of the Army of the Cumberland. Rose- crans held that to threaten Bragg was the better way to hold his entire army in his front ; that if he should advance and defeat Bragg, he would then certainly send assistance to the rebels in front and rear of Grant; that in the event of defeat of Grant, he would then be the only army in re- serve and should be as close to his base as possible to meet the attack of the concentrated rebel army that would then be made on his army; that if he could hold Bragg in Ten- nessee until after Grant's success was certain, it would be better than to move upon him and away from his base. This was purely a matter of military judgment, in which
38 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Halleck and Rosecrans did not agree. The consensus of opinion of the principal generals of the Army of the Cum- berland was against a forward movement at that time. On June 9, in response to request of General Rosecrans, Gen- eral Sheridan said:
■ I do not think an immediate advance of our army advisable.
On the same date General D. S. Stanley said:
In a military point of view I believe a general advance is not advisable. The time has passed when the fate of armies must be staked because the newspapers have no excitement and do not sell well.
General Gordon Granger said:
I do not deem an immediate advance of our army judicious, for the following reasons: I deem it all important to keep this army compact, intact, and well in hand until the important struggle now going on at Vicksburg is decided. If Grant is unsuccessful, it- must prove the ruin of his army, and ours is all that remains for the de- fense of the great southwest; but if Grant is successful, the moral and political effect, not only upon the two contending parties, but with foreign powers, must prove the turning point of the rebellion. One strong military reason why it is not advisable to advance is that we have no reserve. With Hooker already defeated. Grant defeated or forced to raise the siege of Vicksburg, and ourselves even repulsed, I see no hope except the recognition of the independeuce of the Con- federacy by foreign powers, and also by ourselves. It is much wiser for us to hold on and keep the offensive, although we may not be gaining ground as rapidly as might be expected by politicians and other novices in the art of war. The contract we have taken is the most gigantic and important on record, and you are now holding the central and key point, not only of the grand battle field, but of the hopes and anxieties of the nation. The safe, sure system is the only one that can succeed in the end.
General George H. Thomas said:
I therefore think an advance at this time on our part would give him [the enemy] decidedly the advantage, and consequently is not ad- visable.
CAMP DUMONT MURFREESBORO, 39
Under these circumstances General Rosecrans was or- dered by General-in-Chief Halleck, at Washington, D. C., to advance. The avowed purpose of this order was to prevent Bragg from detaching any considerable force to the assistance of General Pemberton at Vicksburg, Mississippi, or General Lee in Maryland. The Confederate army in our front had Duck river valley, a fertile country, to draw subsistence from, with a range of hills, with a few long defiles or passes far apart, intervening for protection. To reach the enemy an army must pass through these defiles occupied by the enemy. Preparations were quickly made for a forward movement.
On June 8, 1863, by Special Order No. 156, Depart- ment of the Cumberland, the Reserve Corps was organized with Major-General Gordon Granger in command. This corps was divided into three divisions commanded by Briga- dier-Generals Absalom Baird, James D. Morgan and Robert S. Granger, in the order named.
The cavalry was under the command of Major-Gen- eral David S. Stanley, and was composed of two divisions, commanded by Brigadier-Generals Robert B. Mitchell and John B. Turchin; later Brigadier-General John B. Turchin was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade. Fourth Division (Reynolds'), Fourteenth Army Corps, which he commanded in the battle of Chickamauga.
The Army of the Cumberland had an effective strength of abo it 65,000 men present for duty equipped.
The Confederate army under General Braxton Bragg was divided into two corps d'armee, commanded respect- ively by Lieutenant-Generals William J. Hardee and Leon- idas Polk. Hardee's corps was holding Hoover's and Lib- erty Gaps, both strongly fortified, and Polk's was encamped at near Shelbyville. The Confederate cavalry of Bragg's army was commanded by Generals Nathan B. Forrest and
40 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Joseph Wheeler. The army of Bragg had an effective strength of about 55,000.
The Union army was admirably organized and com- manded by officers whose names will live as long as the war of the Great Rebellion may be recalled by historians as an epoch in the morning of the Great Republic. The Con- federate army was a strong body of earnest and brave men, fighting for what they believed to be right, led by officers who were educated by the United States in the military school at West Point, and who foreswore their allegiance to the nation they had sworn to defend, to follow the igmis fatuns of ' ' state rights. "
CHAPTER IV.
TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN.
On St. John's day in the summer of 1863 the cam- paign against the Confederate army of Bragg was com- menced.
The movement was successful in the highest degree. On the 23d day of June Mitchell's cavalry made a deter- mined attack upon the outposts of the enemy, a few miles southwest of Murfreesboro, and drove them to their re- serve, and the Third Division, Fourteenth Corps, under Brigadier-General Brannan, and the Reserve Corps, under Major-General Gordon Granger, were ordered to Salem. Palmer's division of the Twenty-lirst Corps and a troop of cavalry moved rapidly eastward, seizing a defile in the hills leading to Manchester. The remainder of the Union army was held under orders to march at a moment's notice with twelve days' rations.
On June 24 the Fourteenth Corps, under Major-Gen- eral Thomas, at 4 A. M. moved forward on Manchester pike, the Fourth Division, under Reynolds, in front, followed at 7 A. M. by the First Division, under Rosseau, in support, with the Second Division, under Negley, in reserve, moving at 10 A. M. Reynolds' division moved in the following order: The First Brigade, under Colonel John T. Wilder, of the Seventeenth Indiana, on the right. .The Second Brigade, under Colonel Milton S. Robinson, of the Seventy- fifth Indiana, on the left. The Third Brigade, under Briga- dier-General Crook, was in reserve. Wilder's brigade en-
42 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I. . ,
countered the enemy's pickets about two miles in front of our picket line as encamped at Murfreesboro, and drove t!iem rapidly through Hoover's Gap, a narrow defile nearly three mileslong, to the reserve, eighteen miles south of' Mur- freesboro. The Second Brigade was next to Wilder, about two miles in the rear. At Liberty Gap General McCook had engaged the enemy, atid we could hear the sound of his heavy guns. He drove the enemy. Union loss, 231 killed and wounded; Confederate loss, 850 killed and wounded. General Reynolds halted the two remaining brigades at the crossing of the road leading to Liberty Gap, where he was quickly joined by General Thomas. The sound of heavy firing on our front increased. The Con- federate division of General A. P. Stewart, with four bri- gades of Brigadier-Generals B. R. Johnson, J. C. Brown, W. B. Bate and H. D. Clayton, was on our front and drove Wilder back into the Gap. The bugles sounded and the massed columns of the Second Brigade were in motion. The Nineteenth Indiana Battery, under Captain Samuel J. Harris, was stationed on a slight elevation to the left of the mouth of the Gap, the Sixty-eighth Indiana in support. The Seventy-fifth and One Hundred and First Indiana and the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio were rapidly moved to the right of our line to re-enforce Wilder's brigade, which was using Spencer repeating rifles with deadly effect on the enemy, who was pressing him with superior numbers. The enemy were repulsed by the Seventeenth Indiana and Ninety-eighth Illinois, with their Spencer rifles, just as the re-enforcement arrived on the ground. The Sixty-eighth, in support of Harris' battery on our left, lost one killed and three wounded. The battery having silenced that of the enemy, a portion of our regiment was deployed as skirmish- ers along Garrison creek. The enemy having retired, we were withdrawn at 9 o'clock P. M. and the fighting closed for the day. It had rained steadily since 9 A. M. ; the roads were very muddy and the clothing of the men was dripping
CAPTAIN RICHARD L. LEESON.
TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN. 43
wet and splashed with mud ; there was water and mud everywhere, and it was with great difficuhy we made coffee. It rained all night.
Colonel Edward A. King, of our regiment, the senior officer in our brigade, was absent on sick leave. Colonel Albert S. Hall, of the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, next in rank, and who commanded the brigade before the Sixty- eighth was assigned to it, was in a hospital at Murfreesboro, suffering from serious illness which ended in his death on July lo.
On the morning of the 25th the Sixty-eighth Indiana was placed in support of Battery H, 5th U. S. Artillery, which was engaged with the enemy, and at 9 o'clock A. M. three companies of the regiment, under command of Captain Richard L. Leeson, were ordered to the extreme right, to a position on the ridge of woods facing a ravine, with an open field to the rear, in which lay a number of Confederate dead, killed the day before. The enemy was in force in the ravine in our front, but was held in check by Harris' guns, which from a high knob, across a ravine to our right, poured a destructive fire into their ranks, and a brisk fire from Leeson's detachment from our regiment forced their skirmish line back to the reserve. This posi- tion was maintained for two hours, when we were relieved by troops that came up the ravine on our right under cover of Harris' guns. The relieving column on its way to us lost a number, killed and wounded. Our troops retired under direct fire of Confederate artillery. Captain Leeson re- ceived praise from General Reynolds for the success of this movement.
The skirmish at Hoover's Gap was a victory for Rey- nolds' division, the only troops engaged on our side. The Confederate loss was i8i killed and wounded and 40 pris- oners, including three commissioned officers. The loss of our brigade was as follows: Sixty-eighth Indiana, one killed and six wounded; Seventy-fifth Indiana, two wound-
44 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
ed; One Hundred and First Indiana, six wounded; One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, one wounded, and Nineteenth Indiana Battery, one wounded.
It rained incessantly the night of the 25th. On the morning of the 26th the Fourteenth Corps moved forward, skirmishing with the enemy, who suddenly retired. Rey- nolds' division advanced toward Manchester, capturing sev- eral prisoners, and on the morning of the 27th by a rapid movement entered the town, Wilder's brigade in advance. It was a surprise to the enemy, from whom we captured twenty prisoners, including three commissioned officers on guard at the railroad depot.
On the right our troops had a spirited fight with the rebel general Wheeler, who was encountered at Guy's Gap, with Martin's and a portion of Wharton's divisions. Gen- eral Stanley ordered a charge by Minty's brigade, followed by Mitchell's division, routing and driving the enemy out of the gap into earthworks north of Shelbyville, where they made a stand. The gallant Minty with his brigade charged them in their works and drove them to Shelbyville. Mitchell came up on the left of Minty and cut off the direct line of retreat, and our united forces succeeded in driving them in wild disorder. Wheeler lost all of his artillery and over four hundred prisoners. General Wheeler only escaped by swimming Duck river, in which a number of his men were drowned while attempting to cross.
General Rosecrans now concentrated his army at Man- chester, prepared to meet the enemy in battle at Tullahoma, twelve miles distant, and on the 30th a forward movement was begun.
On July I General Thomas ordered General Steedman's brigade (Second), Brannan's division (Third), supported by the Sixty-eighth and Seventy-fifth Indiana Regiments, under command of Colonel Robinson, to reconnoitre the sit- uation at Tullahoma. These forces advanced cautiously on Tullahoma by different routes, and learning that the enemy
TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN. 45
had evacuated the place, the Sixty-eighth and Seventv-fifth Indiana Regiments entered the town at 11 A. M., followed by the brigade of General Steedman at 12 M. Reynolds' division entered Tullahoma about 5 P. M. A sharp pur- suit of the enemy was made by the divisions of Rosseau and Negley, which overtook their rear guard before night, with whom they had a heavy skirmish until nightfall, losing a number of men, killed and wounded. The enemy were across Elk river, which was swollen by recent heavy rains. The bridge in front of Thomas' corps was burned by the enemy, but a pursuit was kept up for three days. The enemy had abandoned middle Tennessee and the strong fortifications at Tullahoma, ^and were flying before us and did not stop until they had effected a crossing of the Ten- nessee river. Bragg's army entered Chattanooga early in July and was in the same position he occupied one year be- fore, when he began his campaign for military governor of Ohio and the occupation of Cincinnati and Louisville. The Tullahoma campaign, from a strategetical standpoint, was one of the most brilliant of the war. The opposing armies were more nearly equal than that on to Atlanta. Cam- paigns like Tullahoma and Atlanta always mean a battle at some other place; that of Tullahoma ended at Chickamauga; that of Atlanta at Nashville, where Thomas crushed the army of Hood that had for four months confronted Sher- man's army, and separating at Atlanta, Sherman making his pictorial march through Georgia with no rebel army on his front. Hood going north to re-occupy middle Tennes- see. We had followed the enemy for seventy miles, for eight days through rain and mud without dry clothing, slept in the rain, cooked and ate in the rain, and skirmished heavily for two days at Hoover's Gap.
Extract from report^ of Major-General George H- Thomas :
* * * Marched from Murfreesboro June '.^4 on the Manches- ter pike, Revnolds' division in advance, started at 4 A. M., with orders
1 — Vol. -yA. J. art 1, War IJecords, series 1, piitres 4;!U-i:«.
46 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
if possible to seize and hold Hoover's Gap. * * * Without par- ticularizing or referring to individual merit in any one division of my command, I can render willing testimony to the manly endurance and soldierly conduct of both officers and men composing my corps, marching day and night, through a most relentless rain, and over almost impassable roads, bivouacked by the roadside, ever ready and willing to "fall in" and pursue the enemy whenever ordered, with a cheerfulness and determination truly admirable, and no less com mendable when confronting the enemy, fearless and undaunted, their columns never wavered, giving the highest proof of their veteran qualities, and showing what dependence can be placed upon them in time of peril. * * *
Extract from report of Major-General Joseph J. Rey- nolds : ^
-X- * * An attempt to turn our right ffank by live regiments of the enemy was made, and the Seventy-second Indiana and the Ninety-eighth Illinois were ordered to the support of the Seventeenth in the woods. Harris' battery (Nineteenth Indiana) was ordered to the front, and the Sixty-eighth Indiana to support it. The Sev- enty-fifth and One Hundred and First Indiana and One Hundred and Fifth Ohio were ordered to the extreme right, which was now hard pressed by superior numbers. Just as this re-enforcement arrived on the ground the Seven-teenth Indiana and Ninety-eighth Illinois succeeded, with their Spencer rifles, in forcing the enemy back from the woods on our right, preventing that flank from being turned.
* * * Harris' battery, at the foot of a high hill and in reserve, and the Seventeenth and Sixty-eighth Indiana and Ninety-eighth Illinois, in reserve on the road sheltered, but close at hand. * * * July 1st sent reconnoitering party of Sixty-ejghth and Seventy-fifth Indiana under Colonel Robinson, toward Tullahoma, in support of a force from Third Division (Brannan's), Fourteenth Army Corps, which moved on another road from Concord Church. Colonel Rob- inson's command marched into Tullahoma at 11 A. M., and found no troops of enemy or our own in possession. * * *
The objective of our summer campaign, Tullahoma, had fallen into our hands without a general engagement. The Army of Northern Virginia, with Lee at its head, was in Pennsylvania. Vicksburg was still in the possession of the enemy.
1 — Vol. 23, part 1, War Records, page 455.
TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN. 47
With only a few hours rest the Army of the Cumber- land was again on the move. We celebrated the Fourth of July by wading Elk river, and encamping at Bracken- field's Point, and on the 6th changed location to Camp Winford, near widow Winford's house, on the road leading-
o
to Decherd. It was here we were informed by general or- ders of the overthrow of Lee's army at Gettysburg, with a loss of 3,498 killed, and 18,770 wounded and taken pris- oners, a total loss of 22,268;^ and the surrender of Vicks- burg to General Grant on July 4th, with an army of 27,000 men, 128 pieces of artillery, and 80 siege guns. The bands played. Exultant thousands cheered.
Blackberries were plentiful here and the soldiers used them freely both as food and medicine. The exposure to incessant rains, and intense heat of summer, chilly nights, and sleeping on the wet ground, caused much sickness. In July the Sixty-eighth lost a number of men, who found rest "in the low green tent, whose curtain never outward swings." Several were discharged and some were trans- ferred to the Invalid Corps. The month was passed near Decherd, and at the end of the month our brigade en- camped at University heights, a high hill commanding a magnificent view of charming mountain scenery. The health giving breezes of this far-famed University Place acted as a tonic to our jaded soldiers, restoring them to comparative health, and nerving them for more serious work in the near future. It was here that Brigadier-General Crook was re- lieved from further duty with the Third Brigade of Rey- nolds' division, and assigned to the command of a cavalry brigade, and Brigadier-General Turchin, a professional sol- dier from Russia, assigned to the command of the Third Brigade. On August i Colonel Edward A. King rejoined his regiment, and on August 2 was assigned to the com- mand of the Second Brigade, vice Colonel Robinson. Rio--
1— The actual loss was 2,834 killed, 13,709 wounded, (;,(;43 missing; a total loss of 23,180 in the three days' battles.
48 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
orous drill and inspections closely followed his accession to command and the brigade was put in fine condition for active duties.
General-in-Chief Halleck had grown impatient and was urging General Rosecrans to move his army; to cross the Cumberland mountains and the Tennessee river and take possession of Chattanooga.
The Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad to the Tennes- see river was badly out of repair, destroyed in places, and the bridges all burned. The main line, through the energy of Colonel William P. Inness and his regiment, the First Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, was open to Bridge- port by July 25, and the branch from Cowan to Tracy City by August 13. Every effort was made to accumulate sup- plies, but comparatively only a small quantity had been col- lected when the advance began on August 16.
The Cumberland mountain range in our front, rising about two thousand feet above the river, was rugged, pre- cipitous, unfertile, destitute of forage, poorly watered, with only narrow roads and trails, excepting the railroad from Cowan to Tracy City on the crest. It was nearly seventy miles to the Tennessee river, a deep and majestic stream, nearly one thousand yards wide, every crossing strongly guarded by the enemy. The growing crops of Tennessee had not matured; those of the preceding year were con- sumed by the soldiers of the Confederacy. Subsistence and ammunition for a large army had to be transported across the mountains. To reach Chattanooga it was necessary to go north of Sequatchie valley, by Dunlap or by Therman, over Walden's ridge, crossing the river above the town, or cross the river south of Bridgeport, and cross Sand Moun- tain into Lookout valley, thence across Lookout mountain into Chattanooga valley, at the head of which is Chatta- nooga. The first route was long and difficult, passing through a barren country, and was deemed impracticable.
TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN. 49
It was under these conditions Rosecrans began the campaign against Chattanooga, by reason of the following dispatch of the 5th inst. from General-in-Chief Halleck at Washington:
The orders for the advance of your army and that its progress be reported daily, are peremptory.
The avowed purpose of this curt order was to prevent Bragg from detaching any considerable force to the assist- ance of General Johnston, near Jackson, Mississippi, or General Lee, who had recently suffered defeat at Gettys- burg. Our armies had been successful at Vicksburg and Gettysburg. General Grant had an army of 75,000 men lying idle in Mississippi. General Burnside had an army of near 20,000 men to operate with as an inde- pendent command near Knoxville. The Army of the Cumberland should have been made stronger, as it might easily have been, by re-enforcements from Grant's army and its success assured. General Burnside should have co-operated with Rosecrans to make sure of Chat- tanooga, the loss of which made his position in east Tennessee untenable. The failure of the Army of the Cumberland to crush the rebel army at Chick- amauga proves this beyond a doubt, for as soon as Bragg had invested Rosecrans in Chattanooga he detached Long- street from his command to drive Burnside out of east Ten- nessee, and only failed by reason of Bragg being defeated at Missionary Ridge and driven beyond the Chickamauga, and the forced march of troops of Generals Sherman and Gran- ger to the relief of Burnside. At least 25,000 men could have been sent to Rosecrans from the army of General Grant lying idle in Mississippi, which would have assured the defeat of Bragg. That this could have been done is
50 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
shown by the fact that General Sherman, with over 20,000 men were sent from that army to the Army of the Cumber- land on orders issued just before the battle of Chickamauga Would it not have been better to have strengthened Rose- crans before than after the great battle? The failure to do this was a colossal blunder.
LIEUTENANT JOHN R. KENNEDY.
CHAPTER V.
CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN.
Rosecrans began the campaign against Chattanooga on the i6th day of August, with the same army he had in the middle Tennessee campaign. Grant had taken Vicks- burg, and Lee had been defeated at Gettysburg and forced back south of the Potomac, leaving both of the"- Confed- erate armies in a position to re-enforce Bragg at will. Crit- tenden's corps, accompanied by Minty's cavalry, and the First Brigade (Wilder's) of Reynolds' division, moved early in the morning of August i6 into the Sequatchie val- ley. This movement to the north of Chattanooga served as a cloak for the movements of the other corps to the south, by causing Bragg to suppose that the intention of Rosecrans was to force a passage of the river north of the city. Minty's cavalry and Wilder's brigade (mounted in- fantry) were much in evidence on the north side of the river. On the 21st inst. Wilder's brigade battery, the Eighteenth Indiana, shelled the city of Chattanooga. This event is referred to by the Confederate general, D. H. Hill, who was in the city at the time, in an article in the Century Magazine, April, 1887, wherein he says:
On Fast day, August 21, while religious services were being held in town, the enemy appeared on the opposite side of the river, and began throwing shells into the houses. Rev. B. M. Palmer, D. D., of New Orleans, was in the act of prayer, when a shell came hissing near the church. He went on calmly with his petition to the Great Being "who rules in the armies of Heaven and among the inhabi-
52 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
tants of earth; " but at its close, the preacher opening his eyes, noticed a perceptible diminution of his congregation. Some women and chil- dren were killed by this act.
The Sixty-eighth Indiana, with its brigade, broke camp at University Heights on the 17th of August, and took up its line of march to cross the range of mountains interven- ing between our army and the Tennessee river. The march that day was slowly made along narrow roads on the spur of the mountains. It was one of the warmest days of the year. It was impossible to obtain any water, and the ex- cessive heat while marching in the glare of a blazing sun, coupled with thirst, caused much suffering among men and animals. For ten miles we marched beneath a brazen sky, in a cloud of dust, with parched lips and burning feet, every step increasing the universal thirst. Toward evening we entered a narrow defile leading into Sweeden's cove, where we encountered a cool and refreshmg breeze. We went into camp at the head of the cove. Early in the morning, of the 1 8th we marched past the Third Brigade of our di- vision, which had been in the lead the day before, and fol- lowing rough and broken roads reached Battle creek in the middle of the afternoon, where we encamped five miles from Jasper, and remained there until the 21st, when we moved into Jasper, where we remained until the 30th. While at Jasper our brigade commander. Colonel King, made two reconnoissances, August 28 and 30, on the south side of the Tennessee river, which were fruitful in results, and de- veloped the enemy in our immediate front. The reports of these expeditions of Colonel King^ are submitted.
Reports of Col. Edward King, Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry, Commanding Second Brigade.
Headquarters Second Brig., Fourth Div., Fourteenth Army Corps, In Camp, Jasper, Tenn., Aug. 29, 1863. Sir: — In compliance with orders from Major-General Reynolds, to feel for the enemy in the direction of Chattanooga, I crossed the
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, pages 4(18-9.
CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 53
Tennessee river at Shellmound last evening at 10 o'clock with two hundred men of the One Hundred and First Indiana Infantry, under Lietenant-Colonel Doan, and a squad of nine mounted men under Captain Harris, of the Nineteenth Indiana Battery. I also crossed four companies of the Seventy-fifth Indiana Infantry, two of which I left at Shellmound under Lieutenant-Colonel O'Brien, taking two companies with me to post, if necessary, at the Narrows below Run- ning Water, to hold that passage and secure my retreat should I encounter a very superior force of the enemy. At the upper end of the 'Narrows I came upon the enemy's pickets, received their fire without replying, and drove them in without firing, to avoid increas- ing the alarm in their camp. I sent a squad of mounted men up the Running Water \'alley to a cross-road, and pushed with the infantry at double-quick forward and into the enemy's camp, a half a mile dis- tant. We captured six prisoners, eleven horses, seven saddles, twelve muskets, a bugle and a surgeon's kit. I found that the camp had been occupied by Captain Edmondson's company, of the Third Confeder- ate Cavalry. The troopers ran through the bushes and trees in the rear of their camp, and, of course, in the darkness were soon out of reach of the infantry. One of the prisoners taken is James M. Car- roll, member-elect of the Tennessee Rebel Legislature of Marion county, and conscripting officer for the same county. Some of his con" scription lists were also captured. He succeeded in getting out of camp, but ran into the hands of the mounted squad.
I returned by the Narrows to and crossed the river to the north side of Shellmound at 6 o'clock this morning, having before crossing added two fine mules and one horse to the captured stock.
The road from Shellmond to Running Water is in places quite bad, but could be put in fair condition in a short time. Very respectfully your obedient servant,
Edward A. King, Colonel Commanding Second Brigade. Maj. John Levering, Assistant Adjutant-General.
Headquarters Second Bng., Fourth Div., Fourteenth Army Corps.
Shellmound, Tenn., Aug. 31, 1863. Sir: — I have the honor to report that, in pursuance of orders, I crossed the Tennessee river last night with my brigade, and with three hundred and seventy-five men of the Second Tennessee Cavalry, under Colonel Ray, who reported to me as directed by Major-Gen- eral Reynolds. I sent Colonel Ray in advance, with instructions to proceed toward Chattanooga, and if he could, without exposing his men too much, to go within view of the enemy at Lookout Mountain, falling back upon my brigade if hard pressed, at the junction of the
54 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Trenton and Chattanooga road, where I supposed I could be in time. Colonel Ray carried out his instructions very handsomely, driving in the enemy's pickets at daylight, and approaching within view of a five-gun battery at Lookout Mountain. He captured a rebel acting commissary of subsistence, whose saddle-bags I examined and found $2,736.50, which, presuming to be public funds, I took possession of, and will turn over to order.
I left Trenton road at 9 A. M. to-day, reaching Shellmound at 2 P. M. The Chattanooga road is, in many places, quite bad. I forward herewith Colonel Ray's report.
Respectfully yours, obediently,
Edward A. King, Colonel Commanding Second Brigade. Maj. John Levering, Assistant Adjutant-General, Fourth Div.
Reynolds' division crossed the Tennessee river at Shell- mound on the 30th, our brigade in advance, Colonel King and a part of the Sixty-eighth Indiana in the lead, followed by the Third Brigade on September 2. The crossing of the river was made at four places simultaneously: Sheridan at Bridgeport, Reynolds at Shellmound, McCook at Caper- tons, and Brannan and Crittenden at the ferries next above Shellmound. Crittenden started direct to Chattanooga by the railroad, stopping at Wauhatchie, and feeling the enemy at the point of Lookout Mountain. The Wauhatchie valley had good roads leading to Chattanooga. On the 3d the Fourth Division left Shellmound and marched about six miles on the Trenton road, the Third Brigade in the lead, which went to Trenton, where it encamped. The Second Brigade left the Trenton road, going to the Empire Iron Works, about four miles south of Trenton, where we re- lieved from duty some troops of the Second Division (Neg- ley's); but we remained here only twenty-four hours, and moved to Trenton and rejoined the Third Brigade.
On the 8th the corps of our army were in the position assigned to each for that date, covering a distance of over forty miles southwest along the west base of Lookout Moun- tain. Thomas was twenty, McCook forty miles from Chat- tanooga. On the 9th Bragg evacuated the city, which was
LIEUTENANT lOHN BURKHART;
CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 55
followed by the Ninety-second Illinois^ (mounted infan- try,) of Wilder's brigade, Reynolds' division, taking pos- session as shown by the following dispatches :
Headquarters Fourth Division, Fourteenth Corps.
CuRETON's Mii,L, Sept. 9, 1863-6:80 P. M. Colonel Flynt, Amstant Adjutant- General :
We are in receipt of two dispatches from Colonel Atkins, com- manding Ninety-second Illinois (by special couriers from his regi- ment), within a few minutes of each other. Find copy of the first received enclosed; the other reads as follows (written first):
Headquarters Ninety-second Illinois Vols.
Chattanooga, Sept. 9, 1863—11 A. M. Major Levering, Assistant Adjutant- General :
Major : — We had a little skirmishing on the mountain, but now hold Chattanooga. My stand of colors was the first to float over the town. A complete evacuation. Columns of dust showed them going south. Two companies of my regiment are pressing after them, and I will likely take my command up the river to gobble a little sqad said to be there. Very respectfully,
Smith D. Atkins, Colonel Ninety-second Illinois.
Have sent copy to department headquarters.
Respectfully,
J. J. Reynolds, Major-General Commanding Division.
(Endorsements.) Bully for Reynolds' division. Levering.
Headquarters Ninety-second Illinois Volunteers. Chattanooga, Sept. 9, 1863—11 A. M. Major \Levering, Assistant Adjutant- General :
The enemy left with infantry and artillery night before last; some passed yesterday for Lafayette. Bragg's entire force is variously estimated at 60,000 to 90,000. Johnston was here. The enemy all said they would give. battle at Rome. Some deserters have been taken by ime, and say many are in the mountains that will come in. About six hundred cavalry left this morning, but my parties could not over- take them, as they had fresh horses and ours were jaded; I was detained by General Wood a little, or I think I could have made a dash on them. Generals Crittenden, Palmer. Wood and others are
1— Vol. oO, part 3, War Records, page 187.
56 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
here. Will go into camp (unless ordered by some one on duty) and await your orders.
Can my transportation be ordered up at once? There are men enough in camp to bring it.
Most respectfully, your obedient servant,
Smith D. Atkins, Colonel Ninety-second Illinois Volunteers.
And the following jubilant message was sent to the General-in-Chief^ at Washington, D. C. :
Camp near Trenton, Ga., Sept. 9, 1863—8:30 A. M. Maj-Gen. H. W. Halleck, General-in-Chief :
Chattanooga is ours without a struggle, and east Tennessee is free. Our move on the enemy's flank and rear progresses, while the tail of his retreating column will not escape unmolested. Our troops from this side entered Chattanooga about noon. Those north of the river are crossing. Messengers go to Burnside to-night, urging him to push his cavalry down. No news from him or his cavalry.
W. S. ROSECRANS,
Major-General.
On the 1 2th Chattanooga was made a post and a base of supplies, by the following order:"
Headquarters Department of the Cumberland.
Chattanooga, Sept. 12, 1863. Special Field Order No. 246.
-;;■ * -:;■ Brigadier-General G. D. Wagner is assigned to the command of the post at Chattanooga. He is charged with the defense of the post, and the protection of the government stores. He will superintend the construction of the bridge across the Tennessee river at this place, and provide for the prompt forwarding of such supplies as may be requisite by the army in front. * * *
By command of Major-General Rcsecrans,
H. M. Cist, Lieut, and Asst. Adjt.-Genl.
On the loth the following dispatch^ was sent to Major- General Burnside, who had been ordered by the General- in-Chief, H. W. Halleck, to re-enforce Rosecrans :
1— Vol. 30, part 3, War Records, i)age 479. 2— Vol. 30, part 3, War Records, page 582. 3— Vol. 30, part 3, War Records, page 323.
Capt. J H. Mauzy. Capt. James W. Innis,
CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 57
Headquarters Twenty-first A my. Corps,
Chattanooga, Sept. 10, 1868—2 A. M. Major- General Ambrose E. Burnside, Commnnding Depdrtmeiit of
the Ohio, Tennessee River:
Sir: — I am commanded by the general comman(iing the Depart- ment of the Cumberland to inform you that I am in full possession of this place, having entered it yesterday at 12 M., without resistance. The enemy has retreated in the direction of Rome, (ieorgia, the last of his force (cavalry) having left a few hours before my arrival. At daylight I make a rapid pursuit with my corps, and hope that he will be intercepted by the center and right, the latter of which was at Rome. The general commanding the department requests that you move down your cavalry and occupy the country recently covered by Colonel Minty, who will report particulars to you, and who has been
ordered to cross the river.
T. L. Crittenden,
Major-General Commanding.
This letter made Burnside believe Rosecrans success- ful, needing no assistance. The general who had flanked the enemy out of Tullahoma. flanked him out of Chatta- nooga, and was infatuated with the idea of destroying him, assuming that he was in full retreat on Rome or Atlanta, on September 9, wrote to General Granger, saying: " Chatta- nooga is ours. Our movement on the enemy's flank and rear goes on." And the following order^ was issued:
Headquarters Department of the Cumberland.
Trenton, Ga., Sept. 9, 1863. Major- General' Crittenden, Commanding Twenty-first Artny Corjys:
In addition to the instructions sent you at 3:80 this morning, the general commanding directs that you leave a light brigade to hold Chattanooga and with the balance of your command pursue the enemy with your utmost vigor. Attack his rear whenever you can do so with a fair opportunity to inflict injury upon him. Order your train to follow your line of march under a sufficient escort. * * * Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. Garfield, Brigadier-General and Chief of Staff.
On the same day General Thomas was ordered:
I— Vol. 30. part .3, War Records, page 4;):!.
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
The general commanding directs you to move your command as rapidly as possible to Lafayette, and make every exertion to strike the enemy in flank, and, if possible, to cut off his escape.
One of the most important stragetic points held by the armies of the Confederacy — Chattanooga, the objective of the campaign — had fallen and was ours, a bloodless victory. We had only to head Thomas' column to the north and with- draw McCook the way he had come, and complete the cam- paign by taking a line of defense, fortifications erected by the enemy making it a Gibraltar, iaipregnable to attacks by the enemy. Thomas protested against an advance at that time, saying the army was not prepared for offensive movements toward Lafayette or Rome ; that the country was rough and broken; that the enemy was behind a moun- tain range, with a'railroad in the rear, to transport forces and supplies in much less time than could our army; that Chattanooga, our base of supplies, should be made secure and our flanks protected. His advice was not heeded. The arm}' was ordered to push on and attack the enemy in rear and flank.
On the 8th, Negley's division, Fourteenth Corps, moved across Lookout mountain and took position in Mc- Lemore's cove, near Rogers farm, and on the 9th Baird's division moved across the mountain to support Negley. On the iith Reynolds' division crossed the mountain by the Stevens Gap road. The Sixty-eighth Indiana reached the crest at midnight, under inspiring strains of music by a brass band, which cheered man and beast in the toilsome ascent, lessening the fatigue of lifting at wheels and pulling at ropes, assisting wagons and artillery up the rocky trail on the mountain side, in the darkness, with no light save an occasional gleam from camp fires of Brannan's division at the west base of the mountain. The work was exhaust- ing. Two days were required for Reynolds' division to cross the mountain, a feat not surpassed by Napoleon cross- ing the Alps. Covered with dust and suffering from
CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN. 59
thirst, the Second Brigade (E. A. King's) moved to Pond Spring on the 13th, where it encamped until the 17th, when it reheved the Third Brigade (Turchin's) at Catletts Gap, picketing that night and skirmishing with the enemy on the 1 8th until about 3 P. M., when it returned to Pond Spring.
Crittenden was at Lee and Gordon's Mills; Palmer's di- vision at Crawfish Springs; Thomas was at Pond Spring; McCook was closing on Thomas in McLemore's cove after a severe march from Alpine; Granger was at Rossville. General Lee had sent Longstreet's corps from the Army of Northern Virginia to the assistance of Bragg; Johnston was rushing troops from the southwest, including the men pa- roled at Vicksburg and not exchanged, to his aid. Bragg had concentrated his forces during the four days required by McCook to reach Thomas, and in the afternoon of the 17th was in position east of Chickamauga creek.
The following order of battle, movements to begin at 6 A. M. on the i8th, show that Bragg saw his opportunity to strike the Union army a serious, if not fatal, blow.
Headquarters Army of the Tennessee, In the Field, Leet's Tan Yard, Sept. 18, 1863.
1. Johnston's column (Hood's), on crossing at or near Reed's bridge, will turn to the left by the most practical route and sweep up the Chickamauga, toward Lee and Gordon's Mills.
2. Walker, crossing at Alexander's bridge, will unite in this move and push vigorously on the enemy's flank and rear in the same direction.
3. Buckner, crossing at Thedford's Ford will join in the move- ment to the left, and press the enemy up the stream from Polk's front at Lee and Gordon's Mills.
4. Polk, will press his forces to the front of Lee and Gordon's Mills, and if met by too much resistance to cross will bear to the right and cross at Dalton's Ford or at Thedford's, as may be neces- sary, and join in the attack wherever the enemy may be.
5. Hill will cover our left flank from an advance of the enemy from the cove, and by pressing the cavalry in his front ascertain if the enemy is re-enforced at Lee and Gordon's Mills, in which event he will attack them in flank.
6o SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
6. Wheeler's cavalry will hold the gaps in Pigeon Mountain, and cover our rear and left and bring up stragglers.
7. All teams, etc., not with troops should go toward Ringgold and Dalton beyond Taylor's ridge. All cooking should be done at the trains. Rations when cooked will be forwarded to the troops.
8. The above movements will be executed with the utmost promptness, .vigor and persistance.
By command of General Bragg.
George M. Brent, Assistant Adjutant-General.
This order faultless in detail, contemplated an attack on the Union left, in the vicinity of Lee and Gordon's Mills, and Viniard's, driving Crittenden back on Thomas in Mc- Lemore's cove, and taking possession of the LaFayette road leading direct to Chattanooga, through Rossville Gap, and thus recover Chattanooga, and force the Union army into the mountains, and possibly destroy it. This plan was frus- trated by Minty and Wilder, whose stubborn resistance to the crossing of the Chickamauga by the enemy held them in check and a crossing was not effected until late in the after- noon. At 7 A. M. on the 19th, Bragg had completed his first formation for battle west of Chickamauga creek, and on the east side of the LaFayette road, facing Crittenden with twenty brigades, formed in irregular lines, with Buck- ner's corps on the left; Preston's three brigades in position, with Stewart's three brigades next northward on Preston's right, with Cheatham's five brigades as reserve. Bushrod Johnson's three brigades were next on right of Stewart, with Hood's (Law's) division of Longstreet's corps on the extreme right, with Govan, Walthall's and Ector's brigades of Walker's reserve corps behind the right wing, with Wil- son's brigade still further in rear near the Alexander House, ready to attack the Union army.
Will Bragg accomplish his purpose to seize the Chatta- nooga road, crush or drive Crittenden at Lee and Gordon's Mills with the columns of Johnson and Walker, and defeat Thomas at Pond Spring.? A fierce storm of war was ready to break on more than 125,000 men.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE H. THOMAS, U S. A.
CHAPTER VI.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA "THE FIGHTING SIXTY-EIGHTH."
"They won the name in the ancient game where the toss is death
and life ; They won the name mid the searing flame and the hell of an awlul
strife ; They bore the flag as true men should — can better thing be said; Then a cheer and a wreath, and a tear and a wreath, we give to
the quick and the dead."
At about 4 o'clock in the evening of the i8th, the Sixty-eighth, at Pond Spring, received orders to be ready to march with three days' rations. The First and Third Divisions (Baird^ and Brannan), Fourteenth Corps, were marching northward. The setting sun had thrown the shadow of Lookout across our camp as the Second and Third Brigades (E. A. King and Turchin) of Reynolds' division, fell in behind Brannan. Palmer, of the Twenty- first Corps, followed us. with the Second Division, Four- teenth Corps, in rear, while McCook closed up on Thomas. Thomas pushed forward, marching all night, and at day- light Baird's division, the head of his column, had reached Kelly's, on the LaFayette road.
Kelly's house is eight and one-half miles south of Chattanooga, in a "clearing" about three-fourths of a mile in length along the LaFayette road, on east side, and 'nearly one-fourth of a mile wide, with a small field of between fifteen and twenty acres on the west side of the road opposite the house. From Ivelly's to the Chickamauga.-at the time
62 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
of the battle, was original forest timber with dense under- growth. McDonald's house is situated about three-fourths of a mile north of Kelly's house. Poe's field is one-half a mile south of Kelly's house, Brotherton's three-fourths of a mile, both on LaFayette road. From Crawfish Springs, thirteen and one-fourth miles south of Chattanooga, it is three miles north to Widow Glenn's, the headquarters of General Rosecrans on first day of battle, thence one and three-fourth miles to Kelly's house. Reed's bridge, on the Chickamauga, is two and one-half miles east of Kelly's house. Colonel Dan McCook, commanding a brigade of Granger's corps, who had been on the road leading to Reed's bridge, met General Thomas at Baird's headquarters and reported that one rebel brigade had crossed to the west side of the Chickamauga, after which he had destroyed the bridge, and he believed that a prompt movement would re- sult in the capture of this brigade. General Thomas on this information directed General Brannan to post a brigade on the road to Alexander's bridge, as a support to Baird, and with his other brigades to reconnoiter the road to Reed's bridge in search of the isolated brigade of the enemy, with a view to its capture. Brannan moved about 9 A. M., and Baird advanced his right wing to get in line with Brannan, keeping a sharp outlook for the enemy. Croxton's brigade of Brannan's division about 10 o'clock met the enemy, being the cavalry under Forrest, in line as infantry, and Wilson's and Ector's brigades of Walker's division, and drove them nearly half a mile, when it met with obstinate resistance. Baird advanced with his whole division to the support of Brannan and drove the enemy for some distance, capturing two hundred prisoners, some of them from the Army of Virginia, who reported to Baird that the rebel army, about ninety thousand strong, was on his immediate front. Gen- eral Baird, upon this information, threw back his right wing, to be in readiness for an attack, and before his dispo- sitions could be made the enemy assaulted Scribner's and
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 63
J. H. King's brigades, and drove them in disorder, capturing their artillery. Loomis' battery, attached to Scribner's bri- gade, here nnade its last fight, losing one officer, Lieutenant George W. VanPelt, and five men killed, seven men wounded and twelve missing, all of whom were either killed or wounded. Fifty-five of its horses were killed and several others disabled. Battery H, Fifth United States Artillery, with King's brigade of regulars, was retaken by a charge of the Ninth Ohio, in which it lost fifty men. At this crisis Johnson's division of McCook's corps arrived, and was im- mediately placed in position on Baird's right, with Palmer's division of Crittenden's corps on the right of Johnson. Reynolds' division of Thomas' corps was hastening to the battle. Johnson and Palmer immediately engaged the enemy, Walker's corps, composed of Walker's and Liddell's divisions, and Forrest's cavalry, dismounted, attacking him in flank, while Brannan's troops met him in front as he was pursuing Baird's brigades. The enemy fell back in con- fusion to his first position on Chickamauga creek between Reed's and Alexander's bridges. Reynolds now arrived and placed Turchin's brigade on left of Palmer's division, and E. A. King's on right of 'Van Cleve's division. Thomas had opened the battle of Chickamauga on Bragg's right, as the rebel general was sending his troops toward Lee and Gordon's Mills, over four miles south of the "opening," to attack what he supposed to be the Union left. The rebel commander ordered four divisions to his right in response to urgent calls for assistance to meet the stout attack of Thomas. The advance on Crittenden at Lee and Gordon's Mills was halted. Brannan and Baird were in position on the road from McDonald's to Reed's bridge, about 2 P. M. After a lull of about an hour the enemy again attacked, striking Johnson first, then Palmer, and Van Cleve's divis- ions, including Turchin's brigades of Reynolds' division, reaching E. A. King's brigade of Reynolds' division on the right of Van Cleve, about 3:30 P. M. In this attack, or
64 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
series of attacks, the troops of Palmer, Van Cleve and Reynolds' divisions were driven to and west of the LaFay- ette road, a distance of about half a mile. The opportune arrival of the First and Third Brigades of Brannan's divis- ion from the left checked the advance of the enemy, driving him back to his position east of LaFayette road, and re- storing our lines at Poe's and Brotherton's.
The Sixty-eighth Indiana, with E. A. King's brigade, passed Crawfish Springs in the early morning, and stopped for breakfast a short distance north of the Springs. Soon after breakfast the regiment was placed in line of battle in a wooded pasture east of the Crawfish Springs road, nearly a mile south of 'Widow Glenn's. This position was slightly changed twice, the last time to a large cultivated field thickly studded with dead trees — girdlings; to the north and east were forests of oak and pine trees. To the northwest a short distance, and in plain view on a slight knob, was the "Glenn House," Rosecrans' headquarters, a log structure, with a porch on the east side, and a large stone chimney at one end. It was here that Orderly Sergeant James Terhune, of Com- pany E, had an arm broken by a spent ball. Soon, however, Colonel King put the brigade in motion, left in front, the Sixty-eighth Indiana on the left of the brigade, in lead. As the brigade was starting Captain Charles H. Bryant, of Com- pany E, was struck on the leg by a spent ball, causing him to limp through the battle. Marching rapidly northeasterly in direction of heavy cannonading, the brigade entered the LaFayette road north of the Brotherton House, and going northward had passed Poe House and Poe field, when it was halted, about-faced, and moving double quick south on La- Fayette road to a point about five hundred yards south of the Brotherton House, swung by the left flank into the forest east of the LaFayette road, moving at a quick walk without skirmishers. Advancing about two hundred yards, the Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Battery was passed on our left, and on command "right oblique," at a quick march,
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 65
we went in search of the enemy and soon came upon a Hne of rebel skirmishers, some of whom were taken prisoners, from whom it was learned that Stewart's division was ad- vancing on our front. The brigade was placed in line, the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana and One Hundred and Fifth Ohio from left to right; the Seventy- fifth Indiana had been detached in the morning by General Reynolds to support our battery. The brigades of Beatty and Dick, of Van Cleve's division, Twenty-first Army Corps, were on our left, considerable space, probably one-fourth of a mile, intervening between Dick's brigade, on Van Cleve's right, and King's left. The Fifty-ninth Ohio, Colonel Frambes in command, was on right of Dick's brigade. Colonel Frambes in his report says: " My right flank was unprotected by an interval of half a mile."
At General Palmer's request for help Reynolds ordered Colonel E. A. King, with three regiments, to his as- sistance. In taking position Colonel King found Van Cleve's division in line on Palmer's right and engaged with the enemy. He moved to the right, taking position well advanced to the-iront, facing east. This was about 3 P. M. The battle to our left was becoming fiercer; the roar of ar- tillery and sharp rattle of musketry indicated that the fight was coming nearer. About 3:30 P. M. a heavy line of the enemy's skirmishers advanced in our front, but were driven back by a sharp fire. Our position was then slightly changed, moving further to the right and facing slightly toward the northeast. A force of the enemy, which seemed to be a brigade, appeared on the left front of the Sixty-eighth Indiana, moving in a northwesterly direction, with left flank exposed to us. The dense underbrush hid us from their view. Unconscious of our location they moved into posi- tion about two hundred yards from us, with the precision of a parade. The Sixty-eighth fired a volley at them, and when the smoke lifted they had gone. The position of our brigade was again changed by Colonel King, this time facing
66 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. 1.
to the east. Colonel King was now in position in rear of the right of our regiment. The sound of furious battle indi- cated that the enemy was gaining ground on our left. A battery^ on our left rear was throwing shot at the enemy over the heads of the troops on our left. After a short lull in our front, the enemy appeared in heavy columns, advanc- ing obliquely to our left. Colonel King ordered the Sixty- eighth Indiana to reserve its fire until he gave the order. As the enemy approached his admonitions about firing were frequent. A look of eager expectancy was seen on the faces of the men, many of them having cartridges between their teeth, awaiting the order to "Fire." The lines of gray ad- vanced to within about fifty yards of our line, when Colonel King gave the command, " Fire." A thunderous volley answered the command, which checked the enemy, who be- gan firing, and the fighting was heavy for about twenty min*- utes. Dick's brigade on our left had gone; the enemy were passing our left flank. There were no troops on the im- mediate right of Colonel King's brigade. A furious battle was in progress in vicinity of the Viniard House on his right, which made his position little better than an out- post, and untenable, forcing him to withdraw to avoid cap- ture or annihilation. This was about 5 P. M. Colonel King gave the order to withdraw, and the brigade was soon in motion, retiring toward the LaFayette road, which was crossed about six hundred yards south of Brother- ton House, going across Brotherton field on south side, a part of the command passing through a skirt of timber on south side of field, to the slope south of Dyer House, to what is now known as Lytle Hill. The enemy did not pur- sue King's brigade to or west of the LaFayette road. The loss of our regiment in the fight in Brotherton woods was one commissioned officer. Lieutenant Robert J. Price, killed; Captain Harvey J. Espy and Lieutenant William Beale wounded, the latter severely, and about one hundred enlisted men killed and wounded.
1 — Nineteenth Indiana.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 6"]
Captain Leeson, of the Sixty-eighth Indiana, stopped at the Lafayette road with a dozen or more soldiers of the brigade, and fired a few shots at the enemy passing north- ward. It was here that he received a severe contusion of leg which somewhat disabled him, affecting him for several weeks after the battle. The captain and his squad rejoined the brigade soon after it was reformed. As King's brigade was retiring across the Lafayette road toward Lytle Hill, no troops were on Brotherton ridge south of Brotherton house, and broken commands were drifting westward to the northward in the vicinity of Brotherton's, and it looked like a general disaster to our arms. Colonel King assisted the regimental officers in the work of reforming their commands. While thus engaged a mounted officer appeared and com- menced giving orders to the brigade. This quickly brought on a sharp war of words with Colonel King, who in forcible language informed the officer that he was in command, and advancing in a threatening manner drew his sword. The officer hastily retired, and our troops gave three cheers for Colonel King, who resumed the work of reforming his bri- gade. About .6:30 P. M. the brigade (three regiments) was again put in motion by its commander, moving by the left flank in a northeasterly direction toward the battle line, and at 7 P. M. bivouacked on the west side of Poe field facing east, the Sixty-eighth Indiana on the left, near the intersec- tion of the Baird with the LaFayette road, at near the north- west corner of Poe field, the left of our regiment resting on the LaFayette road. General Turchin's brigade was in po- sition on our left, his line on a low ridge covering the south- east front of Kelly field. The fighting was closed for the day in the vicinity of Poe and Brotherton houses before 5:30 P. M. As King's brigade was moving to the position on the battle line at Poe's, night was approaching, and the boom of cannon and rattle of musketry was gradually ceasing. As twilight was merging into darkness, the Confederate general, Cleburne, attacked Generals Johnson and Baird's
68 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
divisions about one mile east of Poe house, resulting in loss to both sides, without gain to either, the rebel general, Pres- ton Smith, and the Union brigade commander. Colonel Baldwin, being among the killed.
The Seventy-fifth Indiana rejoined the brigade here at about 9 P. M., and was placed in position on the right, with the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio in reserve. The Seventy- fifth Indiana had been engaged to the left of Grose's brigade, in Palmer's division, and had suffered severely, and retired in disorder, going west, crossing the LaFayette road north of the Poe honse and was re-assembled at the crest of the hill northwest of the Dyer house, where it stacked arms, and remained until put in motion to join the brigade at Poe field about 9 P. M. Our brigade battery, the Nineteenth Indi- ana, forced to retire from its position on the ridge west of the LaFayette road south of the Brotherton house, with the loss of one gun, fifteen horses, and several men killed and wounded, went northwest to elevated ground beyond and near the Dyer house, from which position -it rejoined the brigade at Poe field about 10:30 P. M. Captain Samuel J. Harris, in command of the battery, in his report says:
About 3 P. M., the brigade having been sent forward, the battery was ordered to take position on a ridge running parallel to the Chatta- nooga (Lafayette) road, separated therefrom by a thin growth of timber, and covering all the space intervening. About 3:30 P. M. we commenced the action by projecting spherical case over the heads of troops belong- ing to Van Cleve's division, who were now falling back, and when we could do so without endangering the lives of our own men, used canister, I think to good advantage. At 4:15 the battery and parts of batteries on our right and left having all retired, and receiving a close and destructive fire on my right, I ordered the piece on my right to retire, with the pur- pose of changing the front of the right half battery, so as to enable me to meet the fire of the enemy.
It was possibly Fulton's rebel brigade of Johnson's division. Hood's corps, that appeared on the right flank of
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 69
the Nineteenth Indiana Battery as described by Captain Harris, as a part of Fulton's brigade crossed to the west side of the LaFayette road a few hundred yards north of the Viniard house — the Viniard house is one mile south of Brotherton's — about 4 P. M., and changing front to the north, commenced tiring at our battery and its support on the ridge south of Brotherton house, but two regiments of Marker's brigade of Wood's division commg north on La- Fayette road from the vicinity of Viniards surprised Ful- ton's brigade and drove it in wild disorder to the east side of the LaFayette road, capturing eleven officers and sixty enlisted men of the Seventeeth Tennessee. This attack on our battery was made before King's brigade withdrew from its position in the Brotherton woods.
The Seventy-tifth Indiana was sent to the assistance of Grose's brigade on call of Palmer, and the Sixth Ohio from Grose's brigade left in support of the battery in place of the Seventy-fifth Indiana, and was in support of the battery at the time it retired.
Major S. C. Erwin, commanding the regiment, in his report of Saturday's battle, says:
We held our position until the enemy was repulsed, when, our am- munition being entirely exhausted, we retired, by order of General Pal- mer, across the road to the rear of the Seventeenth (Nineteenth) Indiana Battery to get a fresh supply of ammunition. Having received it, we were moving in order to join the brigade when the troops in our front and on our right gave way in confusion and the enemy made a dash for the battery, which had been placed in reserve and was without infantry support. We immediately formed in the rear of the battery for its de- fense, under as hot a fire of musketry as I ever saw. The enemy m front was held in check by a furious discharge of grape and canister from the artillery, but in a few minutes gained our right flank and poured in a destructive fire. We then cJuuKjed front to the rear on tenth eom- pany^ and held them while five of the six guns were safely retired, when we fell back through the woods in rear of Brannan's division, com- ing into the Rossville road at a point where Cushing's battery was sta- tioned, from where we reported to you and joined the brigade.
I — This line not italicised in report. This change of front faced the regiment toward the south.
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. I. V. I.
This report shows that the Nineteenth Indiana Battery was forced to retire before the sharp attack of the enemy on its right i^ank, leaving one of its six guns on the field; that the Sixth Ohio changed front to the rear to meet the attack, and when the guns had been retired moved in rear of Brannan's troops toward the north and joined its brigade battery (Cushing's), on the Rossville [LaFayette] road where it was stationed. It shows that the Nineteenth Indiana Battery and Cushing's battery were between the hours of 4 P. M. and sunset separated by an interval of not less than half a mile, and could not have been together in Poe field, Saturday afternoon. Lieutenant Gushing, Battery H, Fourth United States Artillery, says that he left the Nine- teenth Indiana Battery and reported to General Hazen, who was forming a new line across the road.
In retiring the Nineteenth Indiana Battery went north- west, passing to the right of the Sixth Ohio (after its change of front), and rear of Brannan's troops, to a position be- yond the Dyer house, where it replenished ammunition. There is no report on file showing that Nineteenth Indiana Battery was engaged in Poe field, or north of the Brother- ton road, or house, at any time on Saturday. The legends on markers and tablets of this battery alleging that it was engaged in Poe field Saturday P. M. are not founded on fact.
At the time we crossed the road, going to Lytle Hill, our battery, the Nineteenth Indiana, had gone, and some wounded Confederates were captured by our regiment, who said they belonged to Longstreet's corps.
General Reynolds had his headquarters with our bat- tery Saturday P. M. About 4 P. M. Reynolds had Swal- low's battery on left of Harris', and two howitzers of the Ninety-second Illinois Regiment on his right, in all fourteen pieces. Colonel E. A. King sent for the Seventy-fifth Indi- ana, and Reynolds ordered the Ninety-second Illinois to him, but it failed to reach him. After starting South on
JOHN M. FRANCIS, Company D.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 7 1
LaFayette road, it left the road on west side, and was not again seen in that locality. It lost the two howitzers, and the regiment was next heard from with its brigade (Wild- er's). The movements of this regiment' from the time it started to support Iving's brigade until it rejoined its bri- gade are veiled in obscurity. The brigade and reg- imental reports of E. A. Iving's brigade do not appear in the war records, to the deep regret of every sur- vivor of the brigade. It appears from a reported statement of Colonel Robinson, who succeeded to the command of the brigade upon the death of Colonel King, published in the history of the Seventy-fifth Indiana, his own regiment, that he made no report of the work of the brigade in that battle. He commanded the same brigade in the Tullahoma campaign, but made no report. The writer has personal knowledge that the report of the Sixty- eighth Indiana was made within ten days after the battle, while in camp near Fort Negley. It was prepared by the writer on facts furnished by Adjutant Cyrus B. Goodwin and _the company officers, signed by Captain Edmund Finn, who was in command of the regiment from the time Captain Harvey J. Espy was wounded on Satur- day, about 4 P. M., and delivered to the brigade com- mander. A report of casualties was made and filed at same time. In the absence of these reports writers have used the report of the division commander, Reynolds, as a basis for facts, which served them well until the publication of the war records revealed that his report was made on September 23, 1863, immediately upon his arrival in Chattanooga, and without the reports of either of his brigade commanders before him; that of Colonel Wilder, First Brigade, not made until November 10; that of Tur-
1— Colonel Atkins, Ninety-second Illinois, in his report retenius to this inciilent, says: " After we were mounted I soon met a lieutenant on the staff of General Reynolds and was informed that the general had not been seen recently, and supposing him killed or wounded, for I saw him in the thickest of the fight helping to rally the left of my regi- ment, I reported to Colonel Wilder."
72 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
chin, of Third Brigade, on September 26, with no report from the Second Brigade, E. A. King's. Reynolds sent the Third Brigade, Turchin's, to Palmer's left, and the Second, E. A. King's, to the right of VanCleve, separating them by two divisions of the Twenty-first Corps, and was with neither of them at any time in the action on Saturday, and a careful reading of his report discloses the fact that he knew nothing of the work of the Third Brigade, and little, if anything, of that of the Second, excepting its bat- tery. Nineteenth Indiana, with which he made his head- quarters. His report is obscure and indefinite, inaccurate on many points, and inconclusive on others. Some of these early and glaring errors are still accepted as truth by the uninformed. Among the errors relating to the work of King's brigade in Saturday's battle we notice the statement that "E. A. King's brigade was on the right of Palmer, next to Grose's brigade." General Turchin in his book " Chickamauga, " at page 85, says:
VanCleve, leaving Barne's brigade with Wood's division at Lee and Gordon's Mills, moved his other two brigades — of General Sam Beatty and Colonel Dick — northward and formed to the right of Reynolds' Second Brigade, under Colonel King, which was formed on the right of Palmer's division.
For this error General Turchin can plead that the war records, Vol. 30, and parts thereof containing the reports of the battle of Chickamauga had not been published at the time he prepared his book. The reports of the battle of Chickamauga by Palmer and VanCleve show that Van- Cleve formed on Palmer's right. Rev. David B. Floyd in his history of the Seventy-fifth Indiana, a regiment in King's brigade, published in 1893, after the publication of the War Records, can of^er no such excuse, yet at page 137, referring to the engagement on Saturday P. M., he says:
Reynolds sent three regiments of our brigade under King to form line at this point on Grose's right; they were the Sixty-eighth
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 73
and One Hundred and First Indiana and the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio. The Sixty-eighth was on the left next to Grose, and the One Hundred and Fifth was in the center, and the One Hundred and First was on the right.
A closer acquaintance with the official records would have enabled Mr. Floyd to give the facts as to position and forniation of King's brigade. This error of Mr. Floyd was adopted by Albion W. Tourgee in his history of the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, who says he is indebted to the history of the Seventy-fifth Indiana, by Rev. D. B. Floyd, for facts in the preparation of his work. The numerous mistakes of Turchin concerning that brigade are irreconcilable with the facts. For instance, referring to the battle of Sunday at Poe field, Turchin, at page 117, says:
When Brannan was obUged to fall back he carried with his line more than one-half of Reynolds' Second Brigade under Colonel King that stood on his left.
And, as if for the purpose of giving a bill of particulars of the above, at page 122, he says:
Beside that, the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana, of King's brigade, Reynolds' division, and stragglers of the Seventy- fifth Indiana and One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, of the same brigade also went to the ridge (Snodgrass) with Brannan.
And to make his statement on this point more emphatic, in a foot note at page 122, he says:
General Brannan in his report says that General Thomas had sent him the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana regi- ments, but this is a mistake, as they joined Brannan of their own accord.
These statements of General Turchin are at variance with the facts, and wholly erroneous, and are only cited for the purpose of showing the errors made by a writer who did not have access to all of the official records for the facts.
74 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
The reader will, I feel quite sure, pardon me for sub- mitting the testimony of a few gallant officers who were present on that fateful day, and had opportunity to know the facts touching the position of E. A. King's brigade in the battle on Saturday, and the batteries massed to repulse the enemy, who, having dislodged VanCleve from the line, were following his troops northward, in vicinity of Poe's and Brotherton's.
General Van Cleve,^ in his report, says:
On the 19th. about 1 P. M., I was ordered to have one brigade in position at Gordon's Mills and move forward rapidly with the rest of my command to support General Palmer on our left, who was then hotly engaged with the enemy. I immediately ordered General Beatty with the First Brigade to move to the left at double quick, and at the same time ordered so much of the Second Brigade as was not with Colonel Dick to move forward, sending an order to Colonel Dick, to jom us as we passed him. * * * With the First and Second Brigades I formed on the right of General Palmer and immediately engaged the enemy fiercely.
General Beatty,- First Brigade, VanCleve's division, says:
Under direction of Generals Crittenden and VanCleve, I formed my brigade in two Imes on the right of General Palmer's division, with the Nineteenth Ohio Volunteers, Lieutenant Coloael H. G. Stratton commanding, on the right, and the Seventy-ninth Indiana Volunteers, Colonel Fred. Kneftler commanding, on the left, in the front line, and the Ninth Kentucky Volunteers, Colonel George H. Cram commanding, on the left, and the Seventeenth Kentucky Vol- unteers, Colonel Alex. M. Stout commandmg, on the right in the second line. Advancing about two hundred yards, v e met and en- gaged the enemy, driving him steadily for some distance. My front line charged upon and t, ok possession of two rebel batteries, but a heavy flanking movement and fire of the enemy upon our right com- pelled it to fall back a short distance, when two regiments of the Second Brigade, Colonel Dick commanding, formed on our right and detachments of the different regiments of my brigade, chiefly of the Seventy-ninth Indiana, brought off the battery of four guns, which was taken to the rear and saved. The capture of this battery was timely, as it had fired a few rounds of shell, and was, when
1— Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 803. 2— Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 808.
M^^i/l^^^,^^^^
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 7 5
taken, doubled shotted with canister. The enemy continued to extend his lines past our right, and the falling back of the Second Brigade (Dick's) again exposed my right to a galling and destructive fire, under which I caused a change of front to the rear, on the left, in which position my men were exposed to the fire not only of the enemy, but of a battery of our own (reported to be the Nineteenth Indiana Battery, Captain Harris) upon my lines, which were falling back to take a new'position, and killing some of my men, broke the lines into disorder.
Captain Charles H. Bryant, Company E, Sixty-eighth Indiana, who was on the left of the regiment, says:
I know that we passed the Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Battery on our left, after we had gone into the Brotherton woods to take position Saturday P. M., having hailed the battery as we passed it. We were obliquing to the right at the time. I cannot be mistaken on this point. Marchmg on, we took a position well t(^ the right and front of the battery, from which I could see quite a distance to the left, and could see no troops either in blue or gray in that direction, that is on the prolongation of our line northward.
In relation to the " fourteen or twenty guns " massed near Poe's about 4:30 P. M., the following testimony is positive and convincing, as to batteries participating.
Brigadier-General Hazen,^ Second Brigade, Palmer's division, in his report of the battle, says:
I was at this time relieved by General Turchin and ordered back to the road to fill my boxes with ammunition, already twice exhausted, and take charge of some batteries left there without sup- ports. This I had just accomplished when a vigorous attack appeared to be going on upon that part of the line immediately to the right of the ground fought over by the last echelon of our division (Palm- er's). 1 at once moved my 'brigade to the right and formed it so as to face the sound of battle, moved forward and placed it in position as a support to some troops of General Reynolds,'- my left resting on the Lafayette and Rossville road near a small house,<^ the right thrown forward, forming an angle of about forty-five degrees with the road. The battle neared my position rapidly. At thi-. moment I met Gen- eral VanCleve, whose division the enemy had engaged, and who told me his men had given way, and that he could no longer control them. * * * I found myself the only general officer upon that part of the
1 — Vol. .30, part \, War Records, page 7C2.
2 — Seventy-fifth Indiana, that had been sent to support of Grose's brigade.
3— Poe house.
'j6 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I,
field, and to check the further advance of the enemy was of the utmost importance. I hastily gathered and placed in position all the artillers then in reach, including portions of Standart's, Cockerill's, Cushing's and Russell's batteries, in all about twenty pieces, and with the aid of all the mounted officers and soldiers I could find, succeeded in check- ing and rallying a sufficient number of straggling mfantry to form a fair line in support of the artillery. My brigade could not be brought into position in time, there being but about two minutes to make these dispositions before the blow came, when the simultaneous opening of all the artillery with grape checked and put to rout the confronting columns of the enemy. It is due Lieutenants Baldwin, First Ohio Vol- unteer Artillery, commanding Standart's battery, Cockerill, of the same regiment, commanaing battery, and Gushing and Russell, Fourth Uni- ted States Artillery, commanding batteries, to state that for accuracy in maneuvering and firing their guns in the immediate presence of the enemy on this occasion, the army and country are placed under last- ing obligations. Major-General Reynolds came to this position at this time and ma^e further dispositions of troops, but the fight was closed for the day, except a fierce attack made at nightfall upon Gen- eral Johnson. A short time after the above repulse General Thomas came to this place and took command of all the troops in this part of the field.
The only batteries engaged in this repulse of the enemy were H and M, Fourth United States Artillery, and F, First Ohio Light Artillery, i6 guns. Lieutenant Harry C. Gushing,^ H, Fourth United States Artillery, in his report of the action, says:
The whole line was thrown back, and this, throwing the batteries back in the hollow, I reported to General Hazen, who was forming a new line across the road. M, of the Fourth Artillery, F, of the First Ohio, and my battery were massed obliquely across the road covering the rebel approach. Their appearance was the signal for a most rapid and destructive fire from these batteries, and driving the rebels. This closed the fight for me that day
Lieutenant Francis L. D. Russell,' Battery M, Fourth United States Artillery, in his report of the battle on Saturday, says:
Thinking that to remain longer without a sufficent support would be sacrificing my battery, I limbered up and retired to a better posi-
] — Vol. 30. part 1, War Records, pages 799. 2— Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 80 1.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 7/
tion, about six hundred yards to the rear. I there found Lieutenant Gushing, who had placed his battery in position. I formed immedi- ately on his right, with an open field in front. The enemy advancing Lieutenant Cushmg and I opened with canister and speedily repulsed them. The battle for that day was ended, and toward evening I went into camp with Colonel Grose's brigade.
Lieutenant Giles J. Cockerill,^ F, First Ohio Light Artillery, in his report, says:
The enemy showing himself in strong force in our front, I opened a heavy cannonade upon him, which, with the assistance of Lieutenants Russell's and Gushing's batteries, succeeded in putting him to flight.
It is a common error among writers to say that the regi- ments of E. A. King's brigade rallied on the batteries at Poe's field and assisted in the repulse of the rebel advance at about 5 P. M. Saturday. Rev. David B. Floyd, in his history of the Seventy-fifth Indiana, gives currency to this mistake, where he says on page 141:
Reynolds, Palmer and Hazen now collected together several bat- teries—Gushing's, Russell's, Swallo\y's and Harris'— and planted them on either side of the Chattanooga road near Poe's. In the support of these batteries the regiments of Golonel King's brigade, with some others were formed. Here the Seventy-fifth Indiana Regiment rejoined its brigade, where it properly belonged.
The Seventy-fifth Indiana was not in support of the massed guns at Poe's, it having previously gone west in disorder, but may have been represented in "straggling in- fantry," referred to by General Hazen. Not a battery of Reynolds' division was there. Swallow's battery (Seventh Indiana) was not there. Harris' battery was engaged about that time on the ridge south of Brotherton House, from where it went northwest, a short distance beyond the Dyer House. General Palmer was not there. Reynolds was not there. Captain Francis M. Wilkinson, Company H, Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry (at that time first lieuten-
1— Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 778.
78 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. 1.
ant, was an aid-de-camp on the staff of Colonel Edward A. King, commanding brigade, and was the officer sent by him to General Reynolds for assistance. On October i8, 1900, Mr. J. P. Smartt, assistant historian of the Chicka- mauga and Chattanooga National Park Commission, wrote to Captain Wilkinson for a statement of facts covering the operations of E. A. King's brigade and the Nineteenth Indiana Battery in Saturday's battle, and his answer is submitted as follows:^
Zanesville, O., Nov. 2, 1900. Mr. J. P. Smartt, Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park Com- mission, Chattanooga, Tenn.:
Dear Sir: — Your communication of October 18 was duly received, and would have had an earlier reply, but it has been a long time since September 19, 1868. I had to look up some data to refresh my mem- ory in regard to some of the matters about which you ask in your com- munication above referred to.
As I understand it, Brotherton field is west of the LaFayette road and the Poe field is east of the road.
King's brigade fought in the woods in the Poe field, east of the road. The Nineteenth Battery was in the Brotherton field, west of the LaFayette road, on a ridge in the rear of King's brigade, in the rear of which battery was stationed part of the time the Ninety-second Illinois Regiment, about which you asked; in the rear of the bat- tery was also an open field across which King's brigade retired in a southwesterly direction about 4:30 P. M. and was reformed on a slope there by Colonel King, and then moved northeast to the west line of the Poe field into the position it occupied until Sunday noon, or about that time. There was a house, and the nearest one I thmk, about four hundred yards north of where we crossed the road. The next house was Poe's, about one-half mile north of Brotherton's.
VanCleve's troops were on our left, quite a space intervening between us. They were dislodged from the line, the enemy then struck our left flank, causing Colonel King to retire his brigade across the LaFayette road in a southwest course to the slope I have mentioned above.
You asked me in regard to the Ninety-second Illinois Regiment. I have to say that about 3 o'clock it got so warm for us in the woods that Colonel King sent me to General Reynolds for help. General Reynolds, was then, as he was when we retired, with the Nineteenth
1 — Mr. J. P. Smartt kindly permitted Captain Charles H. Bryant to copy the paper of Captain Wilkinson, which copy was placed in the hands of the writer by Captain Bryant.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 79
Lattery. He said lie had no help to give me, and I started back to re- port; he called me -back and said he had a regiment in the rear of the battery which he could let me have and which regiment proved to be the Ninety-second Illinois. I started with this regiment and got them straightened out on the LaFayette road and said to the Colo- nel to follow that road and I would ride in and find out the present location of the brigade, as they were constantly changing position. I had not gone far in the woods until I met our troops coming out at a pretty rapid gait, and I suppose that the Ninety-second Illinois got mixed up with our troops and retired with them.
I believe the above answers your inquiries, but if it does not I will take great pleasure in going further into the matter.
Yours truly,
F. M. Wilkinson.
Captain Wilkinson, as aide-de-camp, had opportunity to know the facts stated by him, and his testimony, taken by Mr. J. P. Smartt, assistant historian, establishes the fact that the Nineteenth Indiana Battery was south of Brotherton House, west of LaFayette road, on a ridge in rear of King's brigade; that in rear of that battery was a field across which King's brigade retired; that General Reynolds was with the battery; that VanCleve's troops were on the leit of E. A. King's brigade, and were dis- lodged from the line, causing Colonel King to retire his brigade across the Lafayette road. The testimony of Captain Wilkinson, obtained by Mr. J. P. Smartt, is a valuable contribution to the history of King's brigade, and sustains our contention that E. A. King's brigade and the Nineteenth Indiana Battery were not in the artillery battle in Poe field Saturday P. M., which repulsed the troops of Bate and Clayton. At the time those batteries were pour- ing grape and canister into the ranks of the enemy, driving him back, E. A. King's brigade was withdrawing, and nearing the Lafayette road about six hundred yards south of the Brotherton House. The roar of the guns sounded like the roll of a drum, and those who heard it instinctively knew that a supreme effort was being made to turn the tide of victory against the enemy. The repulse of the
8o SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
enemy by those guns near Poe's closed the fight for the day in the vicinity of Poe's and Brotherton's.
VanCleve's brigades, Beatty's and Dick's were routed out of their positions east of the Lafayette road (Dick's brigade going first), and did not rally until they struck the ridge west of the Crawfish Springs road, about three- fourths of a mile from the battle, where they bivouacked, and on Sunday morning were reformed about one-half a mile further north, and moved to the battle field, and while advancing to support Thomas on the left about 12:30 o'clock were scattered in utter rout, excepting only a por- tion of the Seventeenth Kentucky, Colonel Stout com- manding, of First Brigade (Beatty's) and a large detach- ment of the Forty-fourth Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel Aldrich commanding, of Second Brigade (Dick's) that joined General Wood at Harker Hill, east of Snodgrass house, and remained with him fighting until his with- drawal at 7 P. M., and there was no more splendid fight- ing done on that field than was done by Thomas J. Wood and the men under his command on the afternoon of Sep- tember 20. General Wood,^ in his report, makes special mention of these troops, saying :
Early in the afternoon my command was joined by portions of two regiments belonging to VanCleve's division, the Seventeenth Kentucky, Colonel Stout commanding, and the Forty-fourth Indiana, Lieutenant- Colonel Aldrich commanding. The facts that these parts of regiments, preserving the form of a regimental organization, did not leave the field after this disaster on the right, where so many other troops fled from the contest, is certainly most creditable to them.
The fact also affords very just ground for the inference that if a more determined effort had been made by the officers, many other regiments that left the field might have been kept on it. The remains of the two regiments most nobly and gallantly aided my command in repulsing the repeated attacks of the enemy. The P'orty-fourth Indiana bore itself with special gallantry.
I should do injustice to my feelings were I to omit to record my testimony to the splendid resistance made on my right by General Brannan and his command. It was the 7U' plus ultra of defensive fighting.
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 639.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.
The other regiments of those two brigades of Van- Cleve's were dispersed and drifted to Rossville, arriving at Chattanooga later, on the installment plan. In relation to the marvelous claims made for Dick's brigade of this divis- ion I submit as a matter of history the following extract from Turchin's " Chickamauga " relating to that brigade in Sunday's battle, which for grim humor stands unequaled:
But there was one wonderful pere^a:rination made by a brigade of VanCleve's division during and after the rout, which is deserving of especial mention. It was performed by Colonel Dick's brigade, and he says in his report that he was on the left of Sam Beatty's brigade when his own and that of Beatty moved close to Brannan's Hnes just before the rout occurred; that he then received orders to move, on double quick, by the left flank to the support of some artillery, said to he in position in the woods; that he thus moved for 500 or 600 yards and seeing no artillery, but seeing C.olonel Vanderveer's brigade, he formed in the rear of it. Then he saw Colonel Stanley's brigade on the left of Vanderveer hard pressed, and he went to its support. Colonel Stanley mentions in his report that there were three regiments that were going to support him, but when he fell back the support was gone. The probability is that it was Dick's brigade. Stanley talks about that support somewhat disparagingly, but perhaps he was in a hurry himself and did not see the support, because Colonel Dick positively says that Stan- ley's line gave way_and retreated in disorder over his command lying on the ground; that his line was somewhat confused, but recovering, it gave the enemy a galling Are for more than fifteen minutes. He was then overwhelmed by a greater force of the enemy, and fell back m disorder, and that Captain Gunsenhauser, of the Forty fourth Indiana, was killed; he then reports that there the rebel Brigadier-General Adams, of Texas, was wounded and captured.
Then he again rallied a portion of his command 500 yards to the rear, while Lieutenant-Colonel Aldrich, of the Forty-fourth Indiana, ral- lied the remainder in another part of the field and went to support General Wood. Then he remained with what he had of his men in support of a battery on some hill for an hour; then marched to the left to reform but this did not take long, and then went to support Brannan. He then states that he held the enemy in check until they had succeeded in planting a battery, still further to his right on a ridge, commanding his position and enfilading his line; then the enemy threw a fresh line of infantry upon his exposed flank, which compelled him to again fall back. Then he saw the greater part of the army falling back and he himself fell back through the woods, gathering stragglers. Having gone nearly a mile, he struck the Chattanooga road, where his command was again attacked by the enemy's cavalry. Still he continued to march on that 6
82 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
road another mile, and, halting in a large field, collected nearly 600 men of the division; met Lieutenant-Colonel Loder, of General Crittenden's staff, who directed Jiim to march to Chattanooga; but on nearing Ross- ville, he learned that General VanCleve had established his headquarters there, so he reported to him and went into camp.
This report shows that Dick's brigade was not in the rout, and that Colonel Dick performed many feats during the afternoon of the 20th with which the world would be unacquainted were it not for his individ- ual report, as none of those who could testify to these various deeds mention anything about him. Lieutenant-Colonel Aldrich, under Gen- eral Wood, was doing well and received especial mention; but of Colonel Dick's engagements no mention is made by either Colonels Stanley or Vanderveer, nor by Generals Baird or Brannan. It is a sad report of how it is possible for a whole brigade to straggle around, waste its strength and accomplish nothing.
General Palmer,' speaking of the rout of VanCleve's troops on his right on Saturday, says:
By "this time the enemy had passed to the rear, and I felt much apprehension for Hazen. I rode in the direction of heavy firing near the Rossville (LaFayette) road, and found him with a part of his own brigade and a large conscription of stragglers and several pieces of artillery resisting an attempt of the enemy to cross an open field in his front. His fire was too hot, and they abandoned the effort.
This does not support the allegations of Floyd and others that Palmer assisted Reynolds to form the batteries.
It was a busy night. Our lines were rectified and preparations made for the work of to-morrow. Baird was on the left at northeast corner of Kelly field with Johnson, Palmer and Reynolds on his right in the order named. Reynolds was at the center of our line with two brigades. E. A. King's brigade (Second), with two brigades of Bran- nan's division on his right, covered the west line of Poe field. Turchin's brigade (Third) was on the left of E. A. King's, his right resting east of the LaFayette road, at northeast corner of Poe field, his line covering the east line of Kelly's field, King's brigade being in echelon, west of LaFayette road, facing east. During the night and early hours of Sunday
1— Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 714.
BAtTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 83
morning our lines were strengthened by hastily improvised works — barricades of logs, rails, old stumps and stones. It was a cold night and the ground was white with frost. No fires were lighted. A short time for breakfast, and none for dinner, made hard tack and bacon, without cof- fee, a luxury for supper. Marching all the previous night and fighting all day had well nigh exhausted our men. The snatches of rest on the cold ground, in the crisp air, in the light of the glittering stars, the silence of the night broken only by the moans of the dying, groans of the wounded, cries for help, for water, for friends; some swearing, others praying death to release them from an- guish, are still fresh in the memory — a picture that time will never efface.
CHAPTER VII.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863.
The close of the first day's battle left our army in possession of the LaFayette road, leading into Chattanoo- ga. It was a wild battle, wherein the art of war counted for little or nothing. It was a " free for all" fight in the woods and thickets, among irregular, low hills, along crooked and unmarked roads winding their way through the dense underbrush, the umbrageous character of the bkttle field hiding from view the forces engaged. The Irishman's advice, "whenever you see a head, hit it," seemed to be the rule of action, and it may not be amiss to say heads were plentiful. During the night of the 19th, after a consultation with his corps commanders, General Rosecrans divided his army into two wings, with General McCook in command of the right, and Thomas of the left. The lines of the Union army were rearranged. The right was withdrawn from Lee and Gordon's Mills, and the vicinity of Viniards, to the high ground near the Widow Glenn's. The left wing, composed of the divisions of Baird, Johnson, Palmer, Reynolds and Brannan, was formed around the Kelly field, the extreme left reaching nearly to the Alexander bridge road and retired westwardly to within two hundred yards of the LaFayette road, to protect that flank, thence south and eastward of the Kelly field to a point northeast of the northern end of Poe field, the right of the Third Brigade (Turchin) of Reynolds' division being in position there. The Second Brigade
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. 85
(E. A. King's) of Reynolds' division was posted west of the LaFayette road, its left opposite the north end of Poe field, on Turchin's right and rear, thence along southward and west of the Poe field, with Brannan's division on Rey- nolds" right, with Croxton's and Connell's brigades in line, and Van Derveer's brigade in reserve, this being the right of the left wing, thence to Widow Glenn's. General Crittenden, with Davis' and Van Cleve's divisions, was placed in reserve near the junction of McCook's and Thomas' line, to be able to assist either. The reserve corps, Gordon Granger, with three brigades, was at McAfee Church, four and one halt" miles north of Kelly's house, and three and one-half miles north of extreme left of Union line.
The rebel army was realigned during the night, and divided into two wings, General Polk being placed in com- mand of the right, and General Longstreet of the left. Forest's two divisions of cavalry, lighting as infantry, and two brigades of Breckinridge's division extended beyond the Union left. The rebel hne ran from right to left in the following~brder: Cleburne on left of Breckinridge, Stewart, Bushrod Johnson, Hindman and Preston, in the front line, Walker's two divisions to the right and rear of Breckinridge, and Cheatham's five brigades in rear of Cle- burne, Law and Kershaw in rear of Bushrod Johnson. Stewart's division was to the right of Longstreet's wing, and covered the east line of Poe field, facing E. A. King's brigade, Reynolds' division, and two brigades of Brannan's division, in line on the west of the field, Cleburne's division was the left of Polk's wing, and covered the south- east side of the Kelly field facing Turchin's brigade, Rey- nolds' division.
The formation of E. A. King's brigade at Poe field Sunday morning was in two lines as follows:
86 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V.
t t t t t
Left to right, Sixty-eighth and Seventy-fifth Indiana on front hne, and One Hundred and First Indiana and One Hun- dred and Fifth Ohio on second Hne, with five guns of Nine- teenth Indiana Battery in center. The first line during the early morning had hastily constructed a low barricade — but no rif^e pits — that afforded slight protection.
Bragg had ordered an attack from right to left at day- light, which, however, was not made until 9 o'clock, when the battle opened on our left, reaching Poe field about 10 o'clock by a furious attack at Stewart's division, and S. A. M. Wood's brigade of Cleburne's division, which was repulsed with heavy loss to the enemy. Again, at 1 1 A. M.. Stewart made a second and most determined assault on E. A. King's brigade, and Croxton's and Connell's bri- gades of Brannan's division, which was repulsed, with greater loss to the enemy than our total loss from all causes in the Spanish-American war.
Reference is made to Tablet No. 38 C, Wood's bri- gade, Cleburne's division, Hill's corps, which shows a "persistent attack on King's brigade of Reynolds' division posted just west of the LaFayette road." We cite further testimony of the enemy. Tablet No. 40 C. , Bates' bri- gade, Stewart's division, Buckner's corps, and No. 42 C. , Clayton's brigade, Stewart's division, Buckner's corps, tend to show the heavy fighting by King's brigade, to which our regiment belonged.
The losses in Stewart's division indicate the ferocity of the attack upon the Poe field line. The percentage of losses in the three brigades of Stewart's division is as fol- lows: Brown's 33.3; Bates', 48.7; Clayton's, 42.4. Wood's brigade of Cleburne's division engaged with Stewart in these assaults and lost 96 killed and 680 wounded. These heavy losses show that our brigade got a soldier's satisfac- tion of inflicting severe punishment on the enemy. Stewart,
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. 87
in his official report, speaking of this assault at Poe field, says his division encountered "the most terrible fire it had ever been his fortune to witness."
Brigadier-General S. A. M. Wood* says:
The loss at the time in the brigade was 96 killed on the field and 680 wounded. Many have died' since, among them four field officers- Major McGaughy, of the Sixteentli Alabama Regiment; Major Karr, of the Thirty-second Mississippi Regiment; Major Hawkins, of Hawkins' Sharpshooters; Major Gibson, of Gibson's battalion, attached to Thirty- third Alabama Regiment. These officers of the same rank were all dis- tinguished by former services on the field of battle.
The commanding officer of the Sixteenth Alabama reports the loss of 25 killed and 218 wounded, out of 28 officers and 257 men engaged. The commanding officer of Thirty-third Alabama' (Woods' brigade) says of this action:
After I had remained here an hour or an hour and a half, I re- ceived an order from Brigadier-General Wood to move forward and keep in line with Sixteenth Alabama Regiment. Previous to this time Ueshler's brigade had moved to the right. After moving forward about two hundred yards I received a general volley of small arms from the enemy's line. At this point the Sixteenth Alabama Regiment halted. On a line with it baited my regiment. Here my company of skirmishers that had covered my front in the whole advance came in, having driven the enemy's line of skirmishers back to the main line. Near my line in front was a fence covering my whole regiment except the right company. The enemy's line of battle was distant about 275 yards, behind barri- cades. In this position I was subjected to a very severe enfilading fire from the right.^ In front a low hill protected me. Shortly after I halted Brown's brigade came up on my left, and supporting it and very near in its rear was Clayton's brigade, the right regiment of which lapped my whole regiment. I moved forward my regiment with these two brigades about 100 yards to the crest of the hill in my front. At this point most of both brigades fell back, carrying with them many of my men. I con- tinued to advance until I reached a house^ on the western side of the Chattanooga road, about 75 yards from the enemy's line. This house caught fire about the close of the engagement and burned down. At this point I found myself with but 60 or 70 of my own men, and but very few, if any, of the other two brigades. With this squad of men and my colors
1— Vol. 30, part 2, War Records, page 1G2. 2 — Vol. 30, part 2, War Records, page ItiG. 3— Turchin's brigade, Reynolds' division. 4 — Poe house.
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
I fell back to the ravine where I had previously halted. After I had remained here half an hour, engaged in collecting my stragglers, I received an order from Brigadier-General Wood to rejoin the brigade, which was 700 or 800 yards farther in the rear. In this engagement I lost 16 killed and 183 wounded.
The commanding officer of the Forty-fifth Alabama,^ Wood's brigade, of this engagement says:
For the length of time exposed at this point the casualties were much greater than m any other engagement I had ever been in.
* * My loss in killed was 22; wounded, 95.
The commanding officer of the Thirty-second Missis- sippi~ of this action says:
In a very short time I lost over one-fourth of my command in killed and wounded. Nineteen of my men now sleep in one grave near where the colors stood, all of whom were killed near that spot.
* * My loss was 25 killed and 141 wounded.
The following incident in connection with the loss of Major Karr, of the Thirty-second Mississippi, is given, as tending to show the bravery of the men that confronted King's brigade. As the Confederate column was falling back Colonel Lowrey, who was conrmianding the Thirty- second and Forty-fifth Mississippi Regiments, cried out: "Boys, you have left your major on the field, and he is still exposed to danger." Five men volunteered to bring the Major from the field. Our batteries were still pouring a destructive fire into the field, and shot and shell were plowing around the wounded officer. The five men walked across the " iron-sheeted field " and secured the Major, and were taking him back to their line, stretched on a blanket, when a shell from our battery exploded among them, and they all fell, with shattered limbs and bodies. Colonel Roger Q. Mills. ^ of Texas, who succeeded to the command of the brigade after the death of General Deshler, in his report says:
1— Vol. 30, part 2, War Records, page 169 2— Vol. 30, part 2, War Eecords. page 171. 3— Vol. 30, part 2, War Kecords, page 188.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. 89
We advanced to the crest of the hill, some 200 yards in front of the enemy's barricades and breastworks, when he opened a destruc- tive fire upon us. We were ordered to lie down and commence firing. We now began the engagement in earnest, but at great disadvantage. The enemy was behind his defenses and we without cover. He had two batteries of artillery. We had none, our own battery not being able to get a position to give us aid. * * The enemy poured on our heads from 10 A. M. to 1:80 P. M. or 2 P. M. a con'Jtant and terrible fire of artillery and musketry, which we returned with our rifles with the same constancy and stubbornness. About 12 M. our supply of ammunition began to give out, and I sent a courier to Brigadier-General Ueshler to in- form him of the fact, and to ask where we could get more. A few minutes after I saw him coming toward my right, some 40 paces from me, when he was struck by a shell in the chest and his heart literally torn from his bosom. * * Among the host of brave hearts that were offered on the altar of sacrifice for their country on that beautiful Sabbath there per- ished not one nobler, braver or better than his.
During these determined attacks of the enemy on the center of the Union line a section of the Twenty-first Indiana Battery was on the LaFayette road on the imme- diate left of the Sixty-eighth Indiana Regiment. The Nineteenth Indiana Battery was in position in the center of E. A. King's brigade, and next on the right were the batteries of Croxton's and Connel's brigades of Brannan's ■division. The music of this grand aggregation of artillery made a most impressive Sabbath service for Bishop Polk, who was conducting the exercises for the rebel forces attacking the Union left.
As the enemy appeared on the east side of Poe field for a dash across the field in second assault on our line west of Poe field, there was seen coming from our left what seemed to be a runaway piece of artillery and limber. Madly the horses galloped toward us in a storm of bullets and shells. The riders were bending low on back of horses. Upon reaching King's brigade they reined up in front of the chargmg columns of Confederates, who with their " Ki yi " yell were coming across the field. In a moment the riders were off, and the horses cut loose, and the gun ran in between two trees near the Sixty-eighth Indiana. On came the enemy in a face of a heavy fire of
go SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
musketry, and grape and canister from the batteries of Harris' and Andrews', and the volunteer gun, which was rapidly worked, and as the enemy were retreating to the place from whence they came, a gunner of the volunteer piece sprang upon the gun, and waiving his cap, shouted, " By g — d, boys, we have cleared our front." The horses were quickly brought forward and attached to the gun, and galloping to the north on the LaFayette road, were soon lost to view in the smoke and dust of battle. From whence this gun came, or whither it went, is not known. It ap- peared to be hunting a fight, and got in its work at Poe field.
But while Reynolds and Brannan were clearing their front the rebel General Longstreet with a column of three divisions from east of Brotherton's was advancing, and passing through the gap in our lines made by the with- drawal of Wood's division from Brannan's right on order of Rosecrans " to close on Reynolds as fast as possible and support him," with eight brigades, moved rapidly through the Union lines, driving the right crushed and broken before him, having matters all his own way, when he was confronted at Dyer field by Marker's brigade, which had been rushed to this position by General Wood. The enemy were checked by a heavy fire of musketry, and a charge by this brigade. It was here that the rebel General Hood was wounded, and Law's brigade so badly broken that it was of no more use in the battle. Harker withdrew his brigade from this position to Snodgrass Hill, taking position to the northeast of the house, with Battery I, Fourth United States Artillery, Lieutenant Frank G. Smith, on his right.
It was at this crisis that the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, of our brigade, which up to this time had been lying in reserve, was ordered by General Reynolds to charge the enemy then passing on his right. This charge, under com- mand of Major George T. Perkins, a few hundred against thousands flushed with success, was gallantly executed,
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1863. 9I
and its audacity for a moment dazed the enemy, checking them long enough for Brannan to rally his men and retire to Snodgrass Hill, where he reformed his division on the crest of the hill to the right of the house and facing south. In this charge by the One Hundred and Fifth a number of prisoners were captured. It has been claimed that the rebel General Daniel W. Adams was captured by this regi- ment in that charge, but this is an error. General Adams was commanding a brigade on the right of Breckinridge's division on the extreme right of the rebel army, and at 10:45 A. M., having reached the left rear of General Baird's division on our extreme left, was severely wounded and captured by the Eleventh Michigan Infantry, a detail from which took him with all prisoners captured at the time to Chattanooga. His sword and field glasses were taken to Michigan by his captors as trophies. Major- General John C. Breckinridge,^ who commanded on the extreme right of rebel line, and whose division was com- posed of three brigades commanded by Brigadier-General B. H. Helm, Brigadier-General Daniel W. Adams and Brigadier-Generaf-M. A. Stovall, speaking of the attack on Sunday on our lines at McDonald's and the crossing of the LaFayette road by brigades of Adams and Stovall, says:
I at once ordered these brigades to change front perpendicu- lar to the original line of battle and with the left of Adams and the right of Stovall res ing on the Chattanooga road to advance upon the flank of the enemy. * * * Here, General Adams, who is as remark- able for his judgment on the field, as for his courage, was severely wounded, and fell into the hands of the enemy.
This charge of the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, a brilliant episode of the battle, reflecting glory on the reg- iment and brigade, was made from our positon at Poe field against the enemy to the south, three-fourths of a mile from where General Adams fell.
At I o'clock E. A. King's brigade still held its position west of Poe field. Brannan on his right had gone. The
1— Vol. 30, part 2, War Itecords, pages 199-200.
92 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
rebels were in our rear to the west and firing on us with artillery. Reynolds changed position about two hundred yards north, to south line of Kelly field, where our bri- gade was formed in the timber on east side of the LaFayette road, on the right and rear of Turchin. All firing in our front except by sharpshooters had ceased. All of the troops to the right of Brannan had been dislodged from the line and nearly all swept off the field. Rosecrans, with McCook, Crittenden and Sheridan, were caught in the rout and pushed off the field in great confusion, and with heavy loss, to McFarland's Gap, Rosecrans, McCook and Crittenden going to Chattanooga, and Sheridan to Ross- ville, leaving the field they thought was lost. None of them returned during the battle.
The nature and extent of the action on our right is clearly shown by the following extract from the report of Colonel Wilder,^ commanding the First Brigadeof Reynolds' division, which had been detached from the division in August preceding:
I now organized my line on the top of Mission Ridge, so as to command the road to the rear of Rossville, and deploying skirmishers north and east of my position I sent messengers to find General McCook. Lieutenant-Colonel Thruston, chief of General McCook's staff, soon appeared and notified me that the line on my left was driven back and dispersed, and advised that I had better fall back to Lookout Mountain. I determined, however, to attempt to cut my way to join General Thomas at Rossville, and was arranging my line for that purpose when General Dana, assistant secretary of war, came up and said that " Our troops have fled in utter panic; that it was a worse rout than Bull Run; that General Rosecrans was probably killed or captured;" and strongly advised me to fall back and occupy the passes over Lookout Mountain to prevent the rebel occupancy of it. One of my staff officers now came up and reported that he had found General Sheridan a mile and a half to the rear and left, who sent advice to me that he "was trying to collect his men and join General Thomas at Rossville, and that I had better fall back to the Chat- tanooga valley." I now, at 4 P.M., did so with great reluctance, bringing off with me a number of wagons loaded with ammunition, a great many ambulances, a number of caissons, a great many stragglers, and quite a number of straying beef and cattle.
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, pages 418-9.
MONUMENT ON LAFAYETTE ROAD, WEST OF NORTH END OF POE FIELD.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. 93
The right of our army had gone. Thomas held only five divisions in line, against the whole rebel army, which had crushed the right wing of our army and were confident of success in their attack upon the left. Ignorant of the disaster to the right of our army Thomas was expecting the arrival of Sheridan's division from the right to his support. The heavy firing to the right and rear of Reynolds attracted his attention and he rode forward in that direction to Col- onel Harker's position. It was the enemy, and not Sher- idan, that was advancing with their heavy columns from the right. The enemy was on both his flanks, with an army of over si.xty thousand men circling around him, v.'ith less than twenty-five thousand at his command for defense, all of whom were worn and wearied by two days' heavy and almost continuous fighting. But the general who at Stone river, when the right gave way, formed a new line, perpen- dicular to the center, and hurled back the charging columns of the enemy, saving the Aniiy of the Cumberland, was equal to this supreme crisis of war. The enemy had reformed and were advancing in strong lines. Those whose privilege it was to be present have graven on their memo- ries the picture of a stalwart officer, on a heavy horse, riding rapidly from point to point on Snodgrass hill, giving hasty orders to Lieutenant Smith of Battery I, Fourth United States Artillery; then riding to put Wood in position; then sending orders to Baird, Johnson and Palmer, to hold fast their positions at all hazards, to Reynolds that our right had been turned and the enemy was in his rear; to Davis and Sheridan at McFarland's Gap that he was still on the field, and asking them to come to his aid. Davis turned back to join him; Sheridan declined to regard his request and moved on to Rossville away from the battle. These orders had barely been given, when the attack begun on Brannan and Wood. For one hour the tide of battle ebbed and flowed; the thin line of blue on Snodgrass Hill with no breast works, facing over twenty thousand of the best troops in
94 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. 1.
the rebel army, holding them at bay. The right of Bush- rod Johnson's command was cirossing the crest on the right. At this critical moment, when the fate of the Army of the Cumberland hung trembling in the balance, help unexpect- edly came. "Granger, great in battle," had been listen- ing to the sound of the battle and said with an oath to his chief of staff, "I am going over to Thomas, orders or no orders." The reply was "And if 3'ou do, you may bring disaster to the army, and you to a court-martial." He replied, "There's nothing in our front now but ragtag, bob- tail cavalry. Don't you see Bragg is piling his whole army on Thomas. I am going to his assistance." Directing Dan McCook to hold fast his position, he put Steedman's division in motion, and brushing aside forces of the enemy that sought to intercept his progress, rapidly covered the four miles intervening, and reported to Thomas.
This column of fresh troops was thrown into the ravine, west of the Snodgrass house, and attacked Bushrod John- son's line as it was crossing the crest to the rear of Bran- nan, driving it back, and occupying the crest on Brannan's right, lengthening his line to the right. At almost the same moment Van Derveer's brigade arrived from a suc- cessful charge upon a brigade of Breckinridge's division on the north side of Kelly field, marching to the sound of the guns without orders, and forming on Steedman's left, made Brannan's right a solid line. Steedman's loss in four hours was forty-nine per cent., all killed or wounded but one. Granger's men divided ammunition with Brannan and Wood, whose men were out. General Thomas^ in his report, says :
This opportune arrival of tresh troops revived the flagging spirits of our men on the right, and inspired them with new ardor for the con- test. Every assault of the enemy from that time until nightfall was re- pulsed in the most gallant style by the whole line.
About 3 P. M. General Wood was re-enforced by Ha- zen's brigade of Palmer's division from the left.
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Kecords, page 263.
COLONEL EDWARD A. KING.
CHlCKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1863. 95
Again and again the rebels assaulted the line on Snod- grass hill. At 4:30 o'clock Longstreet, the Marshal Ney of the rebel army, re-inforced by Preston's division, two brigades of which had not been engaged either day of the battle, ordered a charge, one of the fiercest in the annals of war, all along the line on Snodgrass hill. Along our line rode Thomas, the master-spirit, who by his presence removed fear and doubt. The men cheered; they idolized him; they would do anything for him; march harder, starve longer, go without tents and blankets, and die in greater numbers for him than for any other commander, and they would do all these things willingly and gladly. The lull was broken; the shock came; the awful carnage went on for more than an hour; the foe was beaten and driven back, leaving the slope strewn with over 8,000 of their dead and wounded comrades.
How goes it with the left? There was a lull along our front from Baird to Reynolds from i P. M. until 5:30 P. M., except an occasional shot from a sharpshooter. About 5 P. M. Xolonel Edward A. King, commanding Second Brigade, Reynolds' division,' was killed by a Confed- erate sharpshooter. His body was strapped to the top of a caisson of our brigade battery, the Nineteenth Indiana, and removed from the field with his brigade, while charg- ing the rebel Liddell's forces to clear the road to Rossville for the withdrawal of the Union left, a fitting finale to a a soldier's career. He saved our iiag at Munfordville, and we saved his body at Chickamauga, the only one brought off that bloody field. He was buried at the Ross house, Rossville, and the grave marked. At the time of his death no member of his staff was present, all being engaged elsewhere. The claim has been made that Lieutenant Sanford Fortner of his staff was present, but this is cer- tainly an error, as Major Fortner, when addressed by the writer on this subject, asking for the facts, would neither affirm or deny the report. H. C. Woods, of Knightstown,
96 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana, late of Nineteenth Indiana Battery, who had been wounded about 12:30 in the fight at Poe field, but remained with his battery, in a letter to the writer, says:
You ask me for facts relating to the death of our brig.ade com- mander, Colonel Edward A. King, killed at Chickamauga in the after- noon, September 20, 1863. Wc had withdrawn from our position on the LaFayette road, where our battle of the morning till 1 P. M. took place, and fell back to the Kelly field, where Colonel King was killed by a sharpshooter. I was wounded about 12:30, but remamed with the battery till we got to Rossville. I rode on the caisson that brought King's body off the field. He was buried at Rossville shortly after we arrived there. I cannot say by whose order the body was brought off the field. * * I well remember our men begging Colonel King to dismount and not expose himself needlessly, as several shots had been fired at him while sitting on his horse. He finally got off his horse and- was shot in the head and was killed instantly, a short ti-me after, while holding his horse. Probably an hour after he was killed we were ordered to Rossville, where we arrived at midnight.
In January, 1864, his body was removed to Dayton, Ohio, where he lay in state at the court house January 29 and 30, in a fine casket, resting on a catafalque furnished by the " Dayton Light Guard," with which he had been associated. The catafalque had inscribed on its four sides "Contreras," "Molino del Rey," "Chepultepec," "Chick- amauga." On January 31 his remains were buried with military honors in Woodland cemetery, the Second Regi- ment, Ohio Volunteer Militia, acting as escort. The funeral was most impressive and the largest ever before held in Dayton.
The withdrawal of our line from Ivelly field was ordered by General Thomas at 5:30 o'clock, and was begun by General Reynolds' division, his two brigades — Turcbin's and King's — forming in two lines and marching by flank in parallel columns to the LaFayette road near the northern limits of the Kelly field, where it filed to the left in the woods, facing north, where it was formed in line perpen- dicular to the road with Turchin on the right. It was here that we met General Thomas.
SHBI.I. MO.UMKKT TO CO.X..H, K.W.K. . K>XO, SOUTHEAST CORXKK Of KEI.IA
ERECT E
3 KV WAR DEPARTMENT.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. 97
Liddell's rebel division was on our front across the Lafayette road leading to Rossville. A charge was ordered and executed in two lines at double-quick, General Tur- chin leading the charge. General Thomas personally gave directions to some of the regiments. To Lieutenant-Colonel Douglass Putnam, Ninety-second Ohio Infantry, Turchin's brigade, he said: "Form your men at once and charge the enemy in your front. Do not wait for orders from bri- gade commander, but go at once; every minute is precious." ^
He rapidly passed from regiment to regiment in face of the enemy, who were taking possession of the roads to Chattanooga, giving similar instructions. His orders were instantly obeyed. The enemy were dispersed and over two hundred prisoners captured. The Lafayette road was thus cleared of the enemy. The divisions of Baird, Johnson, and Palmer followed in good order. At the time Reynolds began this movement the rebels moved forward, and a part of Williams' battalion of rebel artillery, Darden's and Kolb's batteries, eleven guns, placed in position near Poe's, opened tire upon our lines, killing and wounding a number of our men, afHong the number killed being George Han- kins, of Company I, color-sergeant. The same lire killed two men of Company B, whose heads were blown off and their brains scattered over their comrades, and wounded Sergeant Henry Nicolai, of Company F. Rey- nolds' division continued its march toward McFarland's Gap, going west on the Mullis road to a point near the Mullis house, where General Thomas again appeared and ordered that the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana be detached from the brigade and accompany him to his headquarters at the mouth of the ravine near the road northwest of Snodgrass house. Arriving with Thomas at his headquarters, our men stood in the presence of their great commander, at the close of a battle that should rank as the Marathon of the New World. The roar of contiict had subsided to the east at McDonald's and I\elly's; nearly
1— Colonel Putnam personally informed the writer of this fact. 7
98 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
all of our troops had been withdrawn. Granger, Steed- man, Wood and Harker had retired. Brannan's troops alone remained on Snodgrass Hill as the shades of night gathered over the smoke and carnage of the battlefield. Just as we arrived at his headquarters a scattering volley on Snodgrass Hill was heard. This was the firing between the rebel brigade of Colonel Robert C. Trigg, Preston's divi- sion, Buckner's corps, and the Ninth Indiana and the Thirty-fifth Ohio regiments, which under command of Lieutenant-Colonel H. V. Boynton, had been refused to protect what was then Brannan's right, at the time of the capture of three regiments on Steedman's left. This was the last firing in the battle. The following extract from the report of this affair by Colonel Isaac C. B. Suman,^ Ninth Indiana Infantry, is given:
My regiment was then ordered still farther to the right, on a "high hill. It was while in this position that my attention was drawn to my right by an unnecessary amount of talking. I went over to see what it meant, and, to my surprise, I found the enemy demanding our troops to surrender. At that moment a rebel officer pointed a pistol at my head and demanded my surrender. I informed him that I had surrendered some time ago. He appeared satisfied with my explanation. At that moment something drew his attention, and I slipped away from him and brought two of- my right companies to bear and opened fire on them and scattered the party. Our men ran one way and the rebels ran another. The officer with whom I talked reported himself as Colonel of the Thirty- fifth (Fifty-fourth ?) Virginia Regiment, and said he was attached to Buckner's corps. He said he was only off of the cars seven hours. One of my lieutenants went over to see what was going on, and the same officer took his sword from him. One of his men fired on the rebel col- onel and killed him, retook the lieutenant's sword and took the rebel's swotd and pistol. At this moment the officer came up that I had re- ported to at that point. He appeared to think it impossible that the enemy had gained that point. I informed him that he had but thirty steps to walk to convince himself, but he seemed not inclined to con- vince himself by going to see. Immediately afterwards I was ordered to retire with my command, which I did in good order. My loss on the 20th was one lieutenant wounded, one enlisted man killed and six wounded, one mortally, and six missing.
This report is of interest, showing as it does some of the details of the last act in the great tragedy, and disposes
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 7(11).
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. 99
of the claim made by a few of the Ninth Indiana Infantry that it was the last regiment to leave Snodgrass Hill. The words, "immediately afterwards I was ordered to retire with my command, which I did in good order," is con- clusive of the fact of leaving immediately after the firing of Trigg's brigade, following the capture of some of our troops. As the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana Regiments were placed in position immediately after this firing, it would seem that the claim of the Sixty-eighth Indiana that it relieved the Ninth Indiana is well founded. The honor of being the last regiment to leave Snod- grass Hill on September 20, 1863, has been claimed by the Ninth and Eighty-eighth Indiana, Eleventh Michigan and Twenty-first Ohio Infantry. The testimony of Colonel Suman, given while the facts were fresh in his memory, is positive and convincing, and will be accepted by the reader as the truth, rather than the fairy tales of latter-day claim- ants. The Eighty-eighth Indiana, of General John Beatty's brigade, was not on Snodgrass Hill at any time during the battle of Sunday^ General Beatty' says:
The Eighty-eighth Indiana and Forty-second Indiana, compelled to make a detour around the hills on the left and rear, became separated from me, but subsequently finding General Negley they reported to him and under his orders supported a battery or batteries which he had placed in position on some elevated ground on the left. Later in the day they were ordered by his assistant adjutant-general, Major Lowne, to retire in the direction of Rossville.
The Eleventh Michigan, in brigade commanded by Colonel Stoughton, retired by order of General Brannan, as shown by report of Colonel Stoughton,' made September 27, 1863, wherein he says:
About 8 o'clock orders came from General Brannan to retire, and the brigade was quietly formed and marched in good order to RossvmIIc- About half an hour before we left a raking fire was poured into our ranks by the enemy, from a hill to our right, which had been occupied and as we supposed was still held by General Granger's Reserve Corps.
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, pp. 36S-0. 2— Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, p. 3S2.
LofC.
lOO SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Not a word is said about leaving the Eleventh Michi- gan on the hill, and it is fair to assume that it went with its brigade.
The claim of the Twenty-first Ohio is based upon a statement of General Negley, who left the hill with his com- mand early in the day.
These claims are all disposed of by General Brannan in reply to a letter of inquiry from Major McMahan, ' Twenty-first Ohio Infantry, dated April 22. 1864, asking for facts. The correspondence is submitted as a closure of all claims against the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana Regiments, for the honor of being the last armed Union troops to leave Snodgrass Hill, September 20, 1863.
Perrysburg, Ohio, April 22, 1864. Brigadier-General Brannan,
Comdg. Third Div., Fourteenth A. C, September 20, 1868:
Sir: On the 12th inst. I wrote General James S. Negley in regard to the disposition made of the Twenty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry at the battle of Chickamauga, Sunday afternoon, September 20, 1868. In reply I received his letter, dated Louisville, Kentucky, April 18, 1864, from which the following is an extract, viz: "During the battle on Sunday, and after my First and Second Brigades were detached from my command. General Brannan applied earnestly for a regiment to sup- port his position. The Twenty-first Ohio Volunteers was sent to him for the purpose. * * * The Twenty-first Ohio Volunteers remained under the immediate command of General Brannan, and, as I have been in- formed, covered his retreat after dark." I have lately returned from an imprisonment in the hands of the enemy, having been captured at the battle and on the day above referred to, and intend to submit a statement of the conduct of my regiment in said battle as soon as practicable.
My object in writing to you is to learn why I was not informed of the withdrawal of the troops on the Horseshoe Ridge at dark, and why I received no orders from you in regard to the retreat of my own com- mand. Having no ammunition, and the troops having been stealthily withdrawn from my flanks, I was forced to meet the enemy under serious disadvantages. The interposition of my regiment between the enemy and our retiring forces made their retreat an easy matter after dark, as they were not disturbed in the even tenor of their way toward Chatta- nooga
1— Vol. :iO, part 1, War Records, pages ;i'.l2-;i.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863, lOI
I will be glad to accompany my report — which is now written — by a letter containing such information as may seem proper to you. \'ery respectfully, A. McMahan,
Major Twenty-tirst Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. P. S. — Postoffice: Perrysburg, Wood County, Ohio.
Headquarters Department of the Cumberland, Chattanooga, Tenn., May 8, 1864. Maj. a. McMahan,
Twenty-first Ohio Volunteers: Major: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your com- munication of April 22, 1864, incjuiring wherefore you were not informed of the withdrawal of troops from your flanks, nor ordered to vnthdraw your command of Twenty-first Ohio Volunteers from the Horseshoe Ridge on Sunday night, September 20, at Chickamauga, and would state in reply that at the time of your command being captured no portion of my troops had been withdrawn from the field, nor had orders been issued to that effect. The surrender of your command was accomplished so quietly as to escape the notice of all but the regiment on your imme- diate left, the colonel of which promptly reported the fact to me, where- upon I sent the Thirty-fifth Ohio Volunteers to hold the position, which it did successfully against a subsequent attack of the rebels.
The extract quoted from Major-General Negley's letter of April 18, 1864, to the effect that the Twenty-first Ohio Volunteers covered my retreat after dark is iTicorrect, as that duty was performed by the Sixty- eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana Volunteer Regiments, being the only troops who had any ammunition whatever.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. M. Brannan, Brig. -Gen., Chief of Artillery, Fourteenth Army Corps. Late Comdg. Third Division, Fojrteenth Army Corps. P. S. — The troops on my right belonged to Major-General Grang- er's corps, and were withdrawn before you were captured without my being notified of the fact. My command was not withdrawn for a con- siderable time after.
General Brannan' in his report, speaking of the clos- ing hours on Snodgrass hill, where our troops gallantly risked their lives for the integrity of the Republic, and won imperishable renown, says:
Shortly after sunset I withdrew without molestation to Rossville, -where I bivouacked for the night, my retreat being covered by the Sixty-
1 — Vol, ;iO, part 1, War liecords, page 40:i.
I02 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana Volunteers, the only troops who had a supply of ammunition. This duty was satisfactorily per- formed by these regiments, under the direction of Captain C. A. CiUey of Colonel VanDerveer's staff.
Reference is made to Tablet No. 80 C, Trigg's bri- gade, Preston's division, Buckner's corps, to show the time of the last firing in the battle. Just after the firing by Trigg's rebel brigade, an officer came to General Thomas and reported that the troops on Snodgrass hill were out of ammunition. General Thomas, turning to Lieutenant- Colonel Doan, of the One Hundred and First Indiana, commanding our detachment, said: "Colonel, are your men supplied with ammunition.'" the reply being, "Gen- eral, they are partially supplied." General Thomas then directed that the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana relieve the Ninth Indiana and Thirty-fifth Ohio on Snodgrass hill, which order was promptly obeyed. Upon reaching the crest of Snodgrass hill we were placed in position by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry V. Boynton, com- manding Thirty-fifth Ohio, prolonging his line. Thirty-fifth Ohio, to the right and north, the Sixty-eighth relieving the Ninth Indiana, which at once retired from the hill.
From the position of the Sixty-eighth Indiana could be seen rebel troops on our west front, on north side of the position that had been held by Granger, who had retired by order of Thomas. The forces of Brannan were now withdrawn from Snodgrass hill, beginning on the left with Stanley's brigade, commanded by Colonel Stoughton, in lead. The Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana Regiments were ordered to cover the retreat of Brannan and, under command of Captain Cilley, of Van- Derveer's staff, performed that duty to the satisfaction of General Brannan. The Sixty-eighth Indiana closed up as rear guard, being the last regiment to leave, and with a number of stragglers and slightly wounded men picked up on the way, and a few rebel prisoners, filed through McFarland's Gap late in the night. Snodgrass
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. IO3
hill, or Horseshoe Ridge, as it is called by the rebels in their reports, is one-half mile west of Kelly's house, and about one and one-half miles north of Widow Glenn's. From Snodgrass hill to McFarland's Gap is two and one- half miles northwest, and thence two and three-fourths miles north to Rossville Gap.
Reynolds' division was hampered by adverse circum- stances in this battle. The First Brigade (Wilder's) was detached and not under his command. The other two, King's and Turchin's, were separated the first day by Pal- mer's and VanCleve's divisions, and on the second day, while the Second and Third Brigades were together. King's was placed at the angle formed by the refusal of the right wing. It was at this point that interest centered in the battle of the 20th, and after much discussion the fact has been clearly established that King's brigade and Croxton's and Connell's brigades of Brannan's division at Poe field were subjected to most furious assaults by the right of the Confederate left wing, under General Stewart, and that our right wing was swept off the field, beginning at the right of King's brigade. The loss of Reynolds' division, by bri- gades, is as follows:
First Brigade (Wilder's) — Killed, 13 enlisted men; wounded, 9 officers and 85 enlisted men; missing, i officer and 17 enlisted men; total loss, 125. -
Second Brigade (King's) — Killed, 2 officers and 48 enlisted men; wounded, 19 officers and 344 enlisted men; missing, 6 officers and 65 enlisted men; total loss, 484 men.
Third Brigade (Turchin's) — Killed, i officer and 29 enlisted men; wounded, 18 officers and 209 enlisted men; missing, 6 officers and 80 enlisted men; total, 343.
Total loss Fourth Division, 952. The loss of the Second Brigade exceeds by 16 the combined loss of the other two brigades.
The loss of the Second Brigade, b}' regiments, is as follows:
I04 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Sixty-eighth Indiana — Killed, 2 officers and 15 enlist- ed men; wounded, 5 officers and 103 enlisted men; miss- ing, I officer and 11 enlisted men; total, 137.
Seventy-fifth Indiana— Killed, 17 enlisted men; wound- ed, 4 officers and 104 enlisted men; missing, 2 officers and II enlisted men; total, 138.
One Hundred and First Indiana — Killed, 11 enlisted men; wounded, 5 officers and 85 enlisted men; missing, i officer and 17 enlisted men; total, 119.
One Hundred and Fifth Ohio— Killed, 3 enlisted men; wounded, 4 officers and 37 enlisted men; missing, 2 officers and 24 enlisted men; total, 70.
Nineteenth Indiana Battery — Killed, 2 enlisted men; wounded, i officer and 15 enlisted men; missing, 2 enlisted men; total, 20.
The effective strength of the Second Brigade, swords and rifles,, at time of battle was 1,730.
Sixty-eighth Indiana, 346.
Seventy-fifth Indiana, 514.
One Hundred and First Indiana, 369.
One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, 400.
Nineteenth Indiana Battery, loi.
The statement of effective strength of the Sixty-eighth Indiana is, in addition to War Departm.ent record, 1 given in an official report made in compliance with army regula- tions, by the commanding officer of the regiment and filed in adjutant-general's office, Indiana. June 5, 1865, from which the following extract bearing upon this question is submitted:
Remained in the neighborhood of Pond Spring until the evening of the 18th, when we marched for Crawfish Springs, arriving at sunrise of the 19th, and on the battle field of Chickamauga about 10 A. M., same day. The regiment went into the fight commanded by Captain H. J. Espy. There was present in the engagement, which lasted during the 19th and 20th September, 1863 : Twenty-five (25) commissioned officers, three hundred and twenty-one (321) enlisted men. * * Captain Espy was wounded at 5 o'clock on the 19th.
1 — Reports in War Department.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. IO5
In addition to the list of casualties in the Sixty-eighth Indiana there were three officers and twenty-three enlisted men who were slightly wounded, but were not so reported.
The loss of the Sixty-eighth Indiana in the battle was 39.6 per cent ; of the Seventy-fifth Indiana, 26.4 per cent.; of the One Hundred and First Indiana, 32.9 per cent.; of the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, 17.2 per cent.; of the Nineteenth Indiana Battery, 19.8 per cent. Of the eleven enlisted men reported miss- ing, eight were severely wounded, and paroled by the enemy after the battle, making the number actually miss- ing three enlisted men and one commissioned officer. Sur- geon John L. Wooden, who remained with our wounded soldiers, refusing to leave them, was taken prisoner and sent to Libby Prison, Richmond, Va. The three missing enlisted men have never been accounted for. They were probably stri ken down on the field and left in the dense underbrush to die, and sleep in unknown graves. The rebels made a pretense of burying our dead that were killed east of LaFayette road, but those on the left side of the road were left unburied, to be preyed upon by the birds of the air, and beasts of the field. In support of this I quote from the report of General William Grose' as follows:
On the first day of December we crossed the creek, proceeded two miles to the memorable battle field of the 19th and 20th of September, I860. We buried the remains of about 400 of our brave fallen com- rades that had been the prey of animals for two and a half months. On the left of our line the dead of the enemy over a portion of the ground had been well buried, and ours tolerably well covered, but toward the center and right but few of ours were attempted to be buried or covered at all. The heads and feet of those on that part of the field that had been slightly covered were mostly uncovere:], and frequently found separated and some distance from the bodies. On the west of the road from Lee and Gordon's Mills to Rossville, and on our center and right and as far as I went to the south, but few burials bad been attempted of either party. We had not time to explore the entire field, and no doubt many of our soldiers remain unburied yet. All good clothing had been stripped from the bodies. Such a sight of inhumanity I hope never to witness again.
1 — Vol. ol, part 2, War Records, series 1, iiage 1T2.
I06 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I, V, I.
The pitiful side of war is here unfolded. We think of our wounded left weltering in their blood on this field of battle, to die in the jungle, unattended, save by the vampires who rob them of their shoes and clothing and everything of value, and leave them naked, dead and dying. The bones of our dead at Chickamauga were col- lected and buried as " unknown " in the National cemetery at Chattanooga.
" By fairy hands their knell is rung, By forms unseen their dirge is sung ; There honor comes, a pilgrim gray, To bless the turf that wraps their clay ; And freedom shall awhile repair, To dwell, a weeping hermit there."
The Confederate government made every effort to compass the defeat of the Union army at Chickamauga. Bragg's army was re-enforced until its strength was supe- rior to ours. It is difficult to arrive at its exact strength, as we find the returns to the war office at Richmond were incomplete.
In a letter of General Lee to President Davis, dated September 14, 1863, the following figures of Bragg's actual and prospective strength are thus stated :
If the report sent to me by General Cooper since my return from Richmond is correct. General Bragg had, on the 20th of August last, 51,101 effective men; General Buckner, 16,118; he was to receive from General Johnston 9,000. His total force will therefore be 76,219, as large a number as I presume he can operate with. This is independent of the local troops, which, you may recollect, he reported as exceeding his ex- pectations.
Longstreet's' force of S-Ooo men was not included in the above. This would give Bragg 81,219.
General Johnston says he sent Bragg two brigades in addition to the 9,000, which reached him on day of battle, with 2,559 men, increasing his effective force to 83,778.
1 — The official reports show that Longstreet was sent from the Army of Northern Vir- ginia with nine brigades (18,000 men). Five of those brigades arrived and took part in the battle. This would indicate 10,000 men, instead of 5,000 as claimed.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. 10/
The facts stated by General Lee are supported by General Bragg's "Field return of effective strength of the Army of the Tennessee, October i, 1863," made after the battle, giving infantry, 50,272; artillery, 3.585, a grand total of 53,857. To this should be added, loss in battle, 20,950, making a grand total of 74,807, not including the cavalry under Generals Wheeler and Forest.
There was some contention among the Confederates after the battle as to the strength of Bragg's army, and President Davis called upon General R. E. Lee ^ for a report, and an extract from his letter in reply dated October 5, 1863, is here given:
Cami' at Orange Court-House, October 5, 1863. His Excellen'cv Jefferson Davis,
President Confederate States, Richmond, Va. Mr. President: I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 1st. I hope there was a mistake as to the strength of Bragg's army. His effective strength given me by General Cooper before the battle, and before the addition of Longstreet's corps, was 76,219, Bragg's 51,101 and Buckner's 16,118, plus 9,000 from Johnston's army. I think if Your Excellency could make it convenient to visit that country, you would be able to reconcile many dilficulties and unite the scattered troops.
Rob't E. Lee, General.
Rosecrans' loss was: Killed, 1,687; wounded, 9,394; missing, 5,255; total, 16.336.
Bragg's loss was: Killed, 2,673; wounded, 16,274^ missing, 2,003; total, 20,950.
Bragg's loss is estimated by our war department as follows: Killed 2,389; wounded 13,412; missing 2,003; total 17,804. However, we believe that 20,950 is more nearly correct. It is given on authority of Henry M. Cist,' Captain and Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of Gen- eral Thomas. General Bragg'' in his report of the battle says :
1— Vol. 2;), Part 3, War Records, page 771.
2— Campaigns of the Civil war — The Army of the Cumberland.
3 — Vol. 30, Part 2, War Records, page ia.
I08 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Our loss was in proportion to the prolonged and obstinate stru-^jgle. Two-fifths of our gallant troops had fallen, and the number of general and staff officers stricken down will best show how these troops were led.
The Confederate General D. H. Hill, in an article in the Century Magazine April, 1887, on Chickamauga, the great battle of the west, says:
It is difficult to make a correct estimate of the casualties on the Confederate side, as so many official papers were never published.
The greater loss of the rebels is partially accounted for by their being the attacking force, the Union army being on the defensive, and on the second day protected on the Kelly farm front, and at Poe field by rude barri- cades hastily thrown together from material at hand.
The claim is made with great force that history will record it as a fact that the success or failure of the rebel- lion rested on the issue of this battle in the mountains about Chattanooga. The Confederate General Loring says of the campaign for Chattanooga:
We would gladly have exchanged a dozen of our previous vic- tories for that one failure. * * No man in the South felt that you had accomplished anything until Chattanooga fell. * * It was the closed doorway to the interior of our country. * * The fall of Chattanooga, and the subsequent total defeat of General Bragg's efforts to recover it, caused us to experience for the first time a diminution of confidence as to the final result.
The Confederate General Hindman. of this battle, says:
Bragg's success would have resulted in the recognition of the Con- federacy by foreign powers, and the reopening of our blockaded sea- ports. Chattanooga would have been regained. * * I have never known Federal troops to fight so well. It is just to say, also, I never saw Confederate soldiers fight better.
The Confederate General D. H. Hill, in his contribu- tion to war history, says:
It seems to me that the dan of the Southern soldier was never seen after Chickamauga; that brilliant dash which had distinguished him was gone forever. He fought stoutly to the last, but after Chicka-
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863. IO9
mauga with the sullenness of despair and without the enthusiasm of hope. That "barren victory" sealed the fate of the Southern Confederacy.
Thomas had again saved the Army of the Cumberland when defeat meant its destruction and the possible success of the Confederacy.
Chickamauga was the bloodiest battle of the Rebellion. The percentage of loss was greater than in any other great battle of the war. A few instances will be cited. Preston's division, in the assault on Snodgrass Hill Sunday evening, lost over 30 per cent, in an hour; Gracie's brigade in the same charge lost over 35 per cent.; Longstreet's wing of the army lost 44 per cent, nearly all of it within two hours on Sunday afternoon at Snodgrass Hill; Brannan's loss was 38 per cent. ; V'anDerveer's loss about 50 per cent. These losses are given for comparison with some of the greatest and bloodiest battles in history. In the bloody battles of Marengo and Austerlitz Napoleon lost an average of 14 per cent. In the battle of Wagram Napoleon lost but 13 per cent. In the Franco-Prussian war, ending at Sedan in 1870, the average loss of both armies was only 9 per cent. The loss of the light brigade at Balaklava, celebrated in song and story, was 37 per cent. The average loss to both sides at Chickamauga was over 33 per cent, of the num- ber engaged.
Was Chickamauga a useless slaughter.'' Chattanooga had been in our possession for ten days. General-in-Chief Halleck,' in a letter to Major-General Grant, Louisville, Kentucky, dated October 20, 1863, in speaking of Rose- crans' campaign to secure Chattanooga and east Tennessee, says:
When the latter had gained possession of Chattanooga he was directed not to move on Rome as he proposed, but simply to hold the mountain passes so as to prevent the ingress of the rebels into east Ten- nessee. That object accomplished, I considered the campaign as ended at least for the present. Future operations would depend upon the ascertained strength and movements of the enemy.
1 — Vol. '■)}. j)iirt I, Ciiirespondence. War Records, pa^re tWi .
no SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
A past master in the art of war says:
Military science teaches that battles are only to be fought for some important object; that success must be rendered reasonably certain, if possible; the more certain the better; that if the result is reasonably un- certain, battle is only to be sought when very serious disadvantage must result from a failure to fight or when the advantage of a possible victory far outweighs the consequences of probable defeat. These rules suppose that war has a higher object than mere bloodshed and military history points for study and commendation to campaigns which have been con- ducted over a large field of operation with important results and without a single general engagement.
Rosecrans, disregarding the orders of the war office at Washington, the protests of his great lieutenant, General Thomas, and the rules of military science, pushed on for Rome, and Chickamauga made a bloody page in our his- tory. The butcher's bill was large; the loss of material was heavy, and — well Chattanooga was held.
It is fitting that this chapter should close with the fol- lowing letter of Edwin M. Stanton,^ the great war secretary:
Louisville, Ky., October 21, 1863, 11 A. M. (Received 2:40 P. M.) Hon. p. H. Watson, Assistant Secretary of War:
General Grant reached Nashville safely yesterday, I have dispatch from him stating that he will go on to Stevenson to-day, and thence to Chattanooga, as fast as possible. He is in communication with General Burnside.
Generals Garfield and Steedman are here on their way home. Their representations of the incidents of the battle of Chickamauga more than confirm the worst that has reached us from other sources as to the con- duct of the commanding general, and the great credit that is due to General Thomas.
I expect to leave for home to-morrow, having completed all the arrangements in regard to railroad management and transportation. I will not make as quick time returning as I did coming here.
Edwin M. Stanton,
Secretary of War.
1 — Vol. 31, part 1, Reports and Correspondence, War Records, page 684.
CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1 863.
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CHICKAMAUGA, SEPTJiMBER 20, I 863. I I9
EXPLANATORY NOTES OF MAP ON OPPOSITE PAGE.
1st Position: Eist of LaFayette road, southeast of Brotherton house, September 19th to 4:30 P. M.
2d Position: On slope south of Dyer house and west of the Glenn-Kelly road, from 5 P. M. to 6:30 P. M., September 19th, moving thence to
3d Position: West of Lafayette road, opposite Poe field, from dark, Sep- tember 19th, till 1 P. M., September 20th, changing front to
4th Position: In timber between the north end of Poe field and the south end of Kelly held, from 1 P. M. to 5:30 P. M., September 20, 1863.
5th Position (detachment King's brigade —Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana): About 60 yards northwest of tower on Snodgrass Hill, from 7:30 P. M. to 9 P. M., September 20, 1863.
B. — Brotherton house. M. — Mullis house.
D.— Uyer house. Poe — Poe field.
G. — Widow Glenn's. P — Poe house.
K. — Kelly house. S. — Snodgrass house.
Kelly— Kelly field. N. V.— Nitre vats and tanyard.
E. A. K.— Colonel King's shell monument, southeast corner Kelly field.
T.— Turchin's brigade, 3 P. M., September 19, 1863.
W. 1— VVillich's brigade, 4:30 P. M. to 5:30 P. M., September 20th.
W. 2— Willich's brigade, on ridge west of the Mullis house, about 6:30 P. M., September 20th; on left and north of W. 2, facing east, were the Seventy-fifth Indiana and One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, of King's brigade.
K. T.— Turchin's and King's brigades at time of charge on Liddell's left, Sunday about 6 P. M.
Arrow— Route taken by Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana from Snodgrass Hill to McFarland's Gap.
7— Line of Hazen's brigade, northeast of Snodgrass Hill, September 20th.
8— Line of Harker's brigade, northeast of Snodgrass Hill, September 20th.
19 Bat.— Position of Nineteenth Indiana Battery at 5:30 P. M., Septem- ber 20th.
Star— General Thomas' headquarters at Snodgrass Hill, September 20th.
The route of King's brigade after leaving Kelly field at 5:30 P. M., September 20th, was northward until near McDonald field; thence west- ward toward the Mullis house; upon arriving near it, the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana were detached and proceeded south- ward, reporting at General Thomas' headquarters just at the last firing upon Snodgrass Hill at about 7:.30 P. M., taking position on the hill directly after the last firing; the other regiments of the brigade and Nineteenth Battery taking position on the ridge northwest of the Mullis house, and north of Willich's position.
CHAPTER VIII,
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA.
The curtain of night had fallen, closing the grim work of that ever memorable Sabbath. Thomas spent the night placing his war-worn troops in position to hold Chatta- nooga. Rations were supplied, ammunition was furnished, and at dawn of day the Union army was in line near Ross- ville Gap covering the two roads south. Our line extended from a spur of Missionary Ridge, south of Rossville, west- ward toward Lookout Mountain. We remained in line of battle-during the 21st. The enemy in our immediate front were quiet. The sound of heavy guns in the distance reached us from our* left rear, probably from General Minty, who was on the east side of Missionary Ridge, by order of General Thomas, slowly retiring, contesting every foot of the way toward Rossville Gap.
During the night of the 21st the Union army retired, without any loss, to the line of defences in and about Chat- tanooga. In the early morning of the 22nd, after two days of trial at Chickamauga, the hardest fought battle in the his- tory of the present war, a field from which were driven, not to return, Generals Rosecrans, McCook, Crittenden and Sheridan, Thomas rode into Chattanooga with the rear guard of his faithful soldiers. Cheers from the throats of twenty thousand soldiers who had followed their defeated generals into Chattanooga on Sunday re-echoed from the mountains and hills in honor of Thomas and his faithful legions. This acclaim by thousands of soldiers was their
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA. 121
tribute to a general of whom it can be truly said, as of no other general in our war or in any other, that he never made a mistake; that he was never defeated in battle; that he was never relieved from command. The army began to intrench itself upon the hills upon which the city was built. The steady work with pick and shovel went on for several days, and fortifications were strengthened and the place made impregnable to assault. Our lines were beyond the reach of the guns of the enemy on Missionary Ridge.
The Sixty-eighth Indiana, upon reaching Fort Negley €arly in the morning of the 22nd, was assigned a position •on its right and rear and commenced immediately to in- trench, the ground not having been broken. Fort Negley had been started, but not finished, by the rebels. The line of intrenchments was laid out by General St. Clair Morton, chief engineer of the Army of the Cumberland. He was mounted, and walked his horse slowly, followed by men who drove stakes in the wake of the horse. This line included the lunette for two guns about one hundred yards on our right. Our men had only fairly got to work when the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana Regi- ments were ordered out to the left front beyond Fort Negley. It was here in the afternoon that these regiments encoun- tered an attack by the forces of the rebel general Forrest, which is known to those engaged as the battle of the rail pile, there being a large pile of rails which was used as a shelter from musketry fire. It was a warm place, and for a time placed our boys in the position of a man holding a wolf by the ears, "dangerous to hold on, and more so to let go." Not until the enemy brought artillery to bear on that pile of rails could our men see their way clear to let go. It was a spirited engagement and we lost several men killed and wounded.
On October 5 the enemy, from an advanced position on the plains between our line of defences and Missionary Ridge, shelled us during the entire day. The enemy, from
122 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
a position on the side of Lookout Mountain, threw shells at us nearly every night, at intervals of half an hour, dur- ing our stay at Fort Negley. October 1 1 the Sixty-eighth Indiana was transferred to the First Brigade (Willich's), Third Division (Wood), Fourth Army Corps (Gordon Granger), and on the 15th moved from Fort Negley to Fort Wood, on the east line of our works, the right of our regiment extending to near the ditch of the fort on its north side, which position we occupied until November 23. "
This transfer separated the Sixty-eighth Indiana from the brave men of the Second Brigade, with whom it had marched from Murfreesboro and been tried in the hot fur- nace of v^ar at Chickamauga, but we found in our new companions gallant soldiers from the west, — Illinois, Indi- ana, Ohio, Kansas and Wisconsin, — by whose side we went through the storm of battle at Missionary Ridge, where we lost 82 men out of the 205 in our regiment, and shared the exposures and privations of the midwinter cam- pain in East Tennessee and on the French Broad river, against Longstreet, from November 28, 1 863, to April, 1 864.
Bragg determined to invest Chattanooga and starve our army into surrender. He sent a brigade to the top of Lookout Mountain, which cut off communications by rail- road and river. The Army of the Cumberland had rations to last until October i, and was at once placed on half rations, a fraction that was still further reduced until one cracker a day to each soldier was issued. Supplies had to be hauled over rough and muddy roads from Bridgeport, subject to frequent raids of the enemy's cavalry. The de- struction of hundreds of wagons and capture of animals nearly proved fatal to our army. The roads grew worse, and starvation of animals greatly reduced their power. The number of wagons and weight of load grew less each trip. The artillery horses were entirely deprived of feed and died in large numbers daily. The poor animals, tied to a long rope, would stand until exhausted and fall to rise no more. Over 10,000 animals were lost by starvation.
CAPTAIN JOHN C. HICKS.
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA, 1 23
The situation was becoming critical. On October 2 the Confederate cavalry, about 2,000 strong, made a raid upon our line of supply north of the river and attacked a train about 10 A. M. at foot of Walden's ridge, capturing 500 train guards, and destroying 300 wagons. This placed the enemy in temporary possession of the roads over the mountains and Walden's ridge, which, with the forces at Lookout commanding the river roads and railroad, cut the Union army off from its base of supplies at Bridgeport and Stevenson. General Hooker, with the Eleventh and Twelfth Army Corps from the Army of the Potomac, 16,000 men with artillery and transportation, was trans- ferred by railroad, in eight days, under direction of the great railway king, Thomas A. Scott, to middle Tennes- see, in the vicinity of Bridgeport, the advance arriving September 30. October 16, by General Order No. 337, War Department, Washington, the Departments of the Ohio, of the Cumberland and of the Tennessee were con- stituted the Military Division of the Mississippi, and Major- General U. S. Grant placed in command.
The following orders were issued by General Grant:^
Special Orders, Headquarters Division of the Mississippi,
No. 1. Louisville, October 20, 1863.
Major-General Rosecrans and Major-General Thomas,
Chattanooga:
Maj-Gen.W. S. Rosecrans having been relieved from the command of the Department of the Cumberland, by direction of the President of the United States, per General Order No. 337, of October 16. 1863, Major- General Thomas is hereby assigned to the command, and will at once assume its duties. General Rosecrans will turn over all books, papers, maps, and other property pertaining to the command to Major-General Thomas. All staff officers, except the aides-de-camp authorized by law, now on duty with General Rosecrans, will report to General Thomas for assignment as soon as relieved. General Rosecrans will proceed to Cm- cinnati, Ohio, and report to the adjutant-general of the army, by letter, for orders.
By order of Major-General Grant: Ely S. Parker,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
1 — Vol. 31, part 1, War Records, page f!69.
124 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Followed by General Order No. 243/ Department of the Cumberland.
General Orders, Headquarters Department of the Cumberland,
No. 243. Chattanooga, Tenn,, October 20, 1863-
In obedience to the orders of the President of the United 'States, the undersigned hereby assumes command of the Department and Army of the Cumberland.
In assuming control of this army, so long and ably commanded by Major-General Rosecrans. the undersigned confidently relies upon the hearty co-operation of every officer and soldier of the Army of the Cum- berland to enable him to perform the arduous duties devolved upon him.
The officers on duty in the various departments of the staff at these headquarters will continue in their respective places.
All orders heretofore published for the government of this army will remain in force until further orders. George H. Thomas,
Major-General, U. S. Volunteers.
The scarcity of food, clothing and supplies of all kinds in the Army of the Cumberland made it necessary that relief be furnished quickly. The situation cannot be better described than is set out in the following correspondence between Generals Grant and Thomas:"-
Loi-isviLLE, October 19, 1863, 11:30 P. M. Major-General Thomas:
Hold Chattanooga at all hazards. I will be there as soon as possible. Please inform me how long your present supplies will last, and the pros- pect for keeping them up. U. S. Grant,
Major-General.
Chattanooga, Tenn., October 19, 1863. Major-General Grant:
Two hundred and four thousand, four hundred and sixty two rations in store-house; ninety thousand to arrive to-morrow, and all the trains were loaded which had arrived at Bridgeport up to the 16th — probably three hundred wagons. I will hold the town till we starve.
George H. Thomas,
Major-General.
Oa the night of October 28-29 the battle of Wau- hatchie was fought by General Hooker with Longstreet's
1 — Vol. ."il, part 1, War Records, page 6H9. 2 — Vol. 30, part 4, War Records, page 479.
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA. 1 25
troops, for reopening of the Tennessee river and our line of supplies, ending in a decisive victory for the Union troops, inflicting on the enemy a loss of 828 men, with one brigade (Benning's) not reported. Longstreet evacuated Lookout valley. It was now too late for Bragg to strike a serious blow at our line of supplies and the safety of the Army of the Cumberland was assured. Food for the men and for- age for the animals came in slowly, followed by general stores of all kinds. Re-enforcements were at hand. Gen- eral Hooker had reported in person to General Thomas. As he entered the office of the department commander, he said: "Well, Thomas, I have opened your d — n cracker line. \\'hat next .' " His army of 16,000 men lay in Lookout valley, in easy striking distance. Sherman, with parts of the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Army Corps, was drawing near, and on the i8th of November the head of his col- umns debouched into Lookout valley. The Union army was no longer on the defensive. General Longstreet had .been detached from Bragg's army early in November and was moving on Burnside's army at Knoxville. The defeat of Burnside meant the loss of East Tennessee, a disaster that Grant and Thomas were desirous of averting if possi- ble. Sherman arrived at Athens on November 5th, and could not possibly reach Chattanooga for fourteen days. Charles A. Dana, ^ assistant secretary of war, was, during November, 1863, m Chattanooga, and made daily reports of the matters of interest occurring in the Army of the Cumberland and the plans of Generals Grant and Thomas. On November 5th, 11 A. M., he telegraphed Edwin M. Stanton :
Grant and Thomas considering plan proposed by W. F. Smith (chief engineer Army of the Cumberland 1 to advance our pickets on the left to Citico creek, about a mile in front of the position they have occupied from the first, and to threaten the seizure of the northwest ex- tremity of Missionary Ridge. This, taken in connection with our present demonstration in Lookout valley, will compel them to concentrate and come back from Burnside to fight here.
1— VoK 31, part 2, War Records, pa^e oT.
126 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
This plan of General Smith's was only a threat to seize the northwest end of Missionary Ridge, and not to bring on a general engagement.
On November 7. 1863, 10 A. M., Mr. Dana^ tele- graphed Mr. Stanton the reports of a rebel deserter, Sec- ond Lieutenant A. C. A. Huntington, Company E, Eighth Georgia Infantry (a northern man, who had lived in Georgia before the war, and was forced into the service), to the effect that Longstreet's corps was on the way to Knoxville, and that Bragg had subject to his orders 90,000 men, saying:
Before receiving this information Grant had ordered Thomas to execute the movement on Citico creek, vk'hich I reported on the 5th, as proposed by Smith. Thomas, who rather preferred an attempt on Look- out Mountain, desired to postpone the operation until Sherman should come up, but Grant has decided that for the sake of Burnside the attack must be made at once; and I presume the advance on Citico will take place tomorrow morning, and that on Missionary Ridge immediately afterwards. If successful, this operation will divide Bragg's forces in Chattanooga valley from those in the valley of the Chickamauga, and will compel him either to retreat, leaving the railroad communications of Cheatham and Longstreet exposed, or else to fight a battle with his diminished forces.
General Grant's' order of November 7th to General Thomas contains the following:
I deem the best movement to attract the enemy to be an attack on the northern end of Missionary Ridge with all the force you can bring to bear against it, and, when that is carried, to threaten, and even attack if possible, the enemy's line of communication between Dalton and Cleve- land. Rations should be ready to issue a sufficiency to last four days the moment Missionary Ridge is in our possession— rations to be carried in haversacks. Where there are not horses to move the artillery, mules must be taken from the teams or horses from ambulances, or, if neces- sary, officers dismounted and their horses taken. * * This movement should not be made one moment later than tomorrow morning.
This was a radical change from the plan of the chief engineer, who proposed only to threaten the seizure of the northwest end of Missionary Ridge. General Grant ordered Thomas to "attack the enemy" by carrying the ridge, and
1 -Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 58. •2-Vol. 31, part 3, War Records, page 73.
LIEUTENANT MOSES A. CULVER.
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA. 1 27
then "to threaten and even attack, if possible," their lines of communication; in other words, bring on a general engagement.
It should not be forgotten that 18 days after this, November 25, Sherman, with over 25,000 men, in six first class divisions, failed to carry this same point of Missionary Ridge, after Bragg's force had been further reduced by the dispatch of Buckner's forces to the aid of Longstreet in East Tennessee, and Thomas with four divisions was in line at Orchard Knob, threatening Bragg's center, and Hooker with about 9,000 men was driving in Bragg's left flank.
On November 7 Thomas had only 18,000 men with which to carry out the order of Grant, which was imposs- ible for Sherman to execute with a larger force and under more favorable conditions.
On November 8, at 11 A. M., Mr. Dana^ advised the secretary of war as follows:
Reconnaissance of Citico creek and head of Missionary Ridge made yesterday by Thomas, Smith and Brannan, from the heights oppo- site on the north of^the Tennessee proved Smith's plan of attack imprac- ticable. The creek and country are wrongly laid down on our maps, and no operation for the seizure of Missionary Ridge can be undertaken with the force which Thomas can now command for the purpose. That force cannot by any efforts be made to exceed 18,000 men. The defi- ciency of animals, forage and subsistence rendering any attack by us on Bragg's line of communications at Cleveland or CharFeston out of the question, it follows that no important effort for the relief of Burnside can be made.
From General Grant's- official report the following extract is made:
Directions were given for a movement against Missionary Ridge, with a view to carrying it * * * of which I informed Burnside by telegraph on the 7th of November. After a thorough reconnaissance of the ground, however, it was deemed utterly impracticable to make the move until Sherman could get up, because of the inadequacy of our forces and the condition of the animals then at Chattanooga, and I was forced to leave Burnside for the present to contend against superior
1 — Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 58. 2— Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 2!).
128 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
forces of the enemy until the arrival of Sherman with his men and means of transportation. In the meantime reconnaissances were made and plans matured for operations.
In November, 1885, 22 years later, in the Century Magazine, General Grant says:
• On the 7th, before Longstreet could possibly have reached Knox- ville, I ordered Thomas peremptorily to attack the enemy's right, so as to force the return of the troops that had gone up the valley. I directed him to take mules, officers' horses, or anmials, wherever he could get them, to move the necessary artillery. But he persisted in the declara- tion that he could not move a single piece of artillery, and could not see how he could possibly comply with the order. Nothing was left to be done but to answer Washington dispatches as best I could, urge Sher- man forward, although he was making every effort to get forward, and encourage Burnside to hold on.
The official papers prove beyond a doubt that the credit of the order of November 7, to attack the enemy on the northern end of Missionary Ridge, is due to General Grant, and that his statement in the Coitury, made 22 years thereafter, is inconsistent with the facts shown by his report made at the time, and unjust to the memory of that peerless soldier, George H. Thomas.
General Grant prepared his second and last order for battle on the i8th, before the arrival of Sherman's troops, as follows:
November 18, 1863. Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas :
All preparations should be made for attacking the enemy's position on Missionary Ridge by Saturday at daylight. Not being provided with maps giving names of roads, spurs of the mountains, and other places, such definite instructions can not be given as might be desirable. How- ever, the general plan, you understand, is for Sherman, with the force brought with him, strengthened by a division from your command, to effect a crossing of the Tennessee river just below the mouth of Chicka- mauga, his crossing to be protected by artillery from the heights on the north bank of the river (to be located by your chief of artillery), and to secure the heights from the northern extremity to about the railroad tun- nel before the enemy can concentrate against him. You will co-operate with Sherman. The troops in Chattanooga valley should be well concen- trated on your left flank, leaving only the necessary force to defend fort-
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA. 1 29
ifications on the right and center, and a movable column of one division in readiness to move wherever ordered. This division should show itself as threateningly as possible on the most practicable line for making an attack up the valley. Your effort then will be to form a junction with Sherman, making your advance well toward the northern end of Mission- ary Ridge, and moving as near simultaneously with him as possible. The junction once formed, and the ridge carried, communications will be at once established between the two armies by roads on the south bank of the river. Further movements will then depend on those of the enemy.
Lookout \'alley, I think, will be easily held by Geary's division and what troops you may still have there belonging to the old Army of the Cumberland. Howard's corps can then be held in readiness to act either with you at Chattanooga, or with Sherman. It should be marched on Friday night to a position on the north side of the river, not lower down than the first pontoon bridge, and there held in readiness for such orders as may become necessary. All these troops will be provided with two days' cooked rations in haversacks and one hundred rounds of ammu- nition on the person of each infantry soldier. Special care should be taken by all officers to see that ammunition is not wasted or unneces- sarily fired away. You will call on the engineer department for such preparations as you may deem necessary for carrying your infantry and artillery over the creek. U. S. Grant,
Major-General.
A careful j:eading of this order clearly discloses the following plan of operation. Sherman was to cross the Tennessee river on the night of the 23rd with one brigade in boats, landing just below the mouth of South Chicka- mauga creek, these troops to be used at the bridge to be thrown across the river for the crossing of his army. One division of his army (Osterhaus' ) was to march up Lookout valley on our extreme right, in plain view of the enemy, and under cover of night cross to the north side of the river at Brown's Ferry and join the main body of Sher- man's army when the bridge was being laid. The follow- ing morning Howard's corps was to cross from the north side of the river at Chattanooga, causing the enemy to be- lieve it was Osterhaus' division. Hooker with a small force was to hold Lookout valley and threaten Lookout Mountain at its extreme northern point. Sherman was to turn Bragg s right flank on Missionary Ridge. Thomas
I3C SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
was to co-operate with Sherman by concentrating troops in Chattanooga valley on the left, leaving a sufficient force to defend the fortifications on his right and center, with one division to move wherever ordered; and to effect a junction with Sherman and advance on the left, and, the Ridge carried, further movements to depend upon those of the enemy. The Eleventh Corps to be held to act either with Sherman or Thomas as might be deemed necessary. The assistant secretary of war,^ on the i8th, at 3 P. M., sent the following dispatch to the secretary of war:
Chattanooga, November 18, 1863, 3 P. M. The plan for attacking Bragg's positions is completed and its exe- cution begun by moving Ewing's division, of Sherman's army, from Bridgeport to Trenton, where it should arrive to-day, threatening the enemy by Stevens' Gap. The remainder of that army will move into Lookout valley by way of Whiteside's, extending its lines up the valley toward Trenton as if to repeat the flanking movement of Rosecrans. Having drawn the enemy's attention to that quarter, Sherman will dis- appear on Thursday night and encamp his forces behind the ridge of hills north of the Tennessee, opposite to Chattanooga, and keep them there out of sight of the rebels during Friday. On Friday night Engineer Smith will throw a bridge across the river just below the mouth of Chickamauga creek, fo that on Saturday morning Sherman's command may be across before daylight, if possible. With the creek protecting his left flank, he will push for the head of Missionary Ridge. His force will consist of about 15,000 muskets of his own army, Jeff. Uavis' division, of the Fourteenth Corps, about 7,000 strong, and the Eleventh Corps, 5,000 strong. At least such is now Grant's intention as regards the com- position of Sherman's wing of the attack. At the same time that this wing advances, Granger, with about eighteen thousand men, will first move up on the left of the Chattanooga lines, throwing two bridges across Citico creek, and engaging the rebel right with all possible vigor. Hooker, with Geary's division and two brigades of Palmer's division, now stationed at Whiteside's and Shellmound— and to be relieved for this purpose by forces thrown forward by Slocum from the garrisons on the Nashville railroad— will also attack the head of Lookout Mountain to hold the rebel left in its position, and, if practicable, carry the mountain.
Deserters from the rebels, of whom about twenty come in daily, report they are expecting an attack, but think it will be made directly upon the front of lines here. C. A. Dana.
Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
1— Vol. 31. part 2, War Kecords, page CO.
CAPTAIN L. V. C. LYNN.
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA. 131
Followed on the 20th, at 1:30 P. M., to-wit:^
Chattanooga, November 20, 1863, 1:30 P. M.
The attacking force from within Thomas' lines is to consist of the three divisions of Wood, Sheridan and Baird. The first two move directly across Citico creek to join Sherman, if possible, while Baird makes a feint against the enemy's center, and covers the right flank of the moving column. That flank is also covered by the fire of twelve 20 and 30-pounder rifled guns in the forts on our left and center. Howard's corps is ordered to march immediately into Chattanooga, that he may be seen by the enemy and lead the latter to believe all the troops moving through Lookout valley are coming here. Whether Howard's forces are needed to support Sherman's or Granger's column in the battle to- morrow, it appears that they can reach their destination more promptly by moving on this side of the river rather than on the north side. To move artillery, Granger borrows horses from Sherman, horses here being disabled. q A. Dana.
Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
These dispatches are given as of great weight in show- ing the facts of Grant's plans of battle, for the overthrow of Bragg's army, and the relief of Burnside at Knoxville. A careful study of these " orders of battle " by General Grant, and the dispatches of the assistant secretary of war, explaining them to his chief, tend to show that reports of battles, written afterward, often describe plans that were not thought of at the opening of the battle, but arranged to fit what actually occurred.
General Thomas,- in his report of the battle, referring to the plan of November 18, said :
The original plan of operations was somewhat modified to meet and take the best advantage of emergencies, which necessitated material modifications of that plan. It is believed, however, that the original plan, had it been carried out, could not possibly have led to more suc- cessful results.
This statement of General Thomas is controlling, and shows that the battle of Missionary Ridge was not fought as planned by General Grant.
1 — Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 62. 2— Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 90.
132 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
The failure to attack the enemy on Saturday, Novem- ber 2 1, was due to the inability of Sherman's troops to arrive at the position assigned to them. The delay was unavoidable.
On the 20th, Bragg,^ under a flag of truce, sent in the following letter :
Headquarters Army of the Tennessee,
On the Field, November 20, 1863.
Major-General U. S. Grant, Commanding U. S. forces at Chattanooga :
General : As there may still be some non-combatants in Chatta- nooga, I deem it proper to notify you that prudence would dictate their early withdrawal. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient ser- vant, Braxton Bragg, General Commanding.
Every one felt that the hour was about to strike when Bragg would be attacked. The health of the army was good, and there was an air of confidence among the men. All were ready and impatient for the word " forward."
Veterans from the Army of the Potomac and the Army of the Tennessee were touching elbows with those of the Army of the Cumberland. Sherman, with the Army of the Tennessee, strengthened by a division from the Four teenth Army Corps, was on the left with 27,000 men; Hooker was on the right in Lookout Valley with over 9,000 men; Thomas was in the center with four divisions, with his great battle lieutenants, Granger, Sheridan and Wood. For over a week the opposing armies had cheered defiance to each other from hill to hill, their bands had contested for supremacy, filling the air with the melody of "Yankee Doodle" and "Dixie." Two thin picket lines of blue and gray, only a few rods apart, less than one thous- and two hundred feet in our front, circle around us from the river to the foot of Lookout Mountain. To the east and northeast you see Missionary Ridge, running to the southwest, its side almost denuded of trees, and adorned with three lines of rifle pits, filled with men in gray. To
1— Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 32.
OCCUPATION OF CHATTANOOGA. I 33
the right a valley, across which lay the lines of the enemy, and still further to the right looms Lookout, grand and frowning, whose craggy heights are held by more men in gray. To the west you see Moccasin Point and Cameron Hill, occupied by heavy guns, around which cluster men in blue. To the northward across the river rises Walden's ridge, running north along the Tennessee, completing the circuit.
In this grand amphitheater lay the Union army, ex- pectant and anxiously awaiting the bugle call that should sound the advance, to avenge our loss at Chickamauga.
CHAPTER IX.
BATTLES OF CHATTANOOGA — ORCHARD KNOB.
Sabbath night, November 22, 1863, settled peacefully over the beleaguered city; our pickets tramped their silent beats, parallel to and near the pickets in gray. Sentries walked the Union camp lines. A full moon cast her radi- ant light, slightly veiled in mist, over the landscape and camps of sleeping thousands, in splendor gorgeous beyond description. Sixty thousand men in blue were sleeping near their arms, with three days rations in haversacks, and one hundred rounds of ammunition. All was wrapped in peace and quiet, when from Fort Wood comes the first bugle call of reveille, quickly followed by countless other reveille from camps in valley to the south and right. The echoes are re-echoed from the mountain side and faintly die away in the distance, when, from the crest of Missionary Ridge and the rugged heights of Lookout, the bugles in the camps of the enemy are heard sounding reveille for the men in gray. It is a glorious scene: a panorama of war never to be forgotten by the sol- diers of that grand army of Grant, Thomas, Sherman and Hooker. Again is heard the shrill blast of a bugle at Fort Wood, which put in motion the divisions of Sheridan and Wood. The three brigades of Wood's di- vision were formed on the slope on southern side of Fort Wood, in the following order: Hazen's brigade on the right, Willich's on the left in two lines, the first line deployed, the second in double column, closed en masse;
BATTLES OF CHATTANOOGA — ORCHARD KNOB. I 35
Beatty's brigade in double column, closed en masse; ready to deploy to the front, or deploy faced to the right, was held in reserve in rear of Willich's left. Sheridan's division was in position as support in rear of Wood's right flank.
Baird's division (Third), Fourteenth Army Corps, was ordered to display its force near the Rossville road, on Sheridan's right, strongly threatening attack, but to avoid becoming seriously engaged. This division was not engaged during the day, except to drive in the enemy's pickets and suffered no loss.
At 1:30 P. M. the bugle's ringing notes set the columns in motion toward Orchard Knob, a steep knoll about two thousand yards east of Fort Wood, the outer line of the enemy's works. The skirmishers advanced, firing. The enemy's pickets discharged their guns and fled to the main guards, who in turn retreated to the line at the Knob. From the woods and intrenchments at Orchard Knob came rifle shots. The fallen forms of dead and wounded men in blue dotted the line of our advance. The rifle-pits of the_enemy are ablaze with musketry fire. Can- non on the cliff were hurling shot and shell at the advanc- ing columns. The great guns in Fort Wood were throw- ing shells over the heads of our troops. The glistening of rifles, the flash of sabres in the bright sunlight, the burst- ing of shells, and the gleam of battle flags above the col- umn formed a moving picture of grandeur never surpassed. Forward, steadily onward, pressed the lines of blue. Orchard Knob is reached, Willich's men going up its rough sides at a double-quick, until the crest was won, and the Confederate regiment defending it, the Twenty-eighth Ala- bama, with its flag and two hundred men, was swept down to our right and rear as prisoners of war. The enemy were "on the run" to their line of intrenchments at the base of Missionary Ridge. With the exception of the firing of artillery, kept up from Missionary Ridge and Fort Wood until nightfall, the fighting for the day was closed. The
136 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
loss in Wood's division was: Killed, 32; wounded, 165; missing, none. Sheridan's division, none. This spectac- ular assault was witnessed by Generals Grant, Thomas, Granger, Hunter and Meigs from the ramparts of Fort Wood.
General Granger soon joined Wood's division at Or- chard Knob. A portion of Beatty's brigade was brought forward and placed in the rif]e-pils on left of Willich. General Thomas ordered that the position taken be held and intrenched. The fortifications of the enemy were quickly turned to face the other way.
The Eleventh Army Corps was placed in position on Wood's left. The night of the 23rd was spent in intrench- ing and on Tuesday morning, the 24th, a line of rifle-pits and barricades was completed, and Bridge's battery in position on Orchard Knob. The formation of our brigade in this assault is best described by General Willich^ in his report, wherein he says:
Formation of the brigade: Eighth Kansas, Colonel Martin com- manding, in front as skirmishers. First line, Fifteenth Ohio, Lieuten- ant-Colonel Askew commanding, on the right; Forty-ninth Ohio, Major Gray commanding; Twenty-fifth Illmois, Colonel Nodine commanding; Thirty-fifth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler commanding. Second line. Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel Erdelmeyer commanding, on the right; Eighty-ninth Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Williams commanding; Sixty-eighth Indiana, Lieutenant-Colonel Espy commanding; Fifteenth Wisconsm, Captain Gordon commanding. The first line deployed in line of battle, the second line in double column on the center, closed en masse.
The following words of praise by General Willich, in same report, are given:
Only a short time before this engagement the Eighth Kansas, Sixty- eighth Indiana, Twenty-fifth Illinois, Thirty-fifth Illinois and Fifteenth Wisconsin had been attached to my old brigade. The splendid advance of the skirmish line of the Eighth Kansas, the steady and determined pressmgonof the other regiments, established at once between them and the old regiments of my brigade a feeling of companionship, of mutual
1— Vol. 31. ysLTt 2, War Records, page 2ti3
BATTLES OF CHATTANOOGA — ORCHARD KNOB. I 37
confidence, which became apparent two days later, in the storming of Missionary Ridge.
At the close of the day, November 23, the center of our army had advanced two thousand yards, and held the outer lines of fortifications of the enemy, who were driven to their line of intrenchments at the base of Missionary Ridge. This was only a ''demonstration'' by the Army of the Cumberland, made by order of General Grant.
General Sherman, in his memoirs at Page 362, Vol. I, speaking of his arrival at Chattanooga on November 14, and a conversation had with General Grant the next day, says :
He (Grant) also explained the situation of affairs generally; that the mules and horses of Thomas" army were so starved that they could not haul his guns; that forage, corn and provisions were so scarce that the men in hunger stole the few grains of corn that were given to favorite horses; that the men of Thomas' army had been so demoralized by the battle of Chickamauga that he feared they could not be got out of their trenches to assume the offensive. * * * The Army of the Cumberland had so long been in the trenches that he wanted my troops to hurry up, to take the offensive first; after which, he had no doubt, the Cumberland army would fight well.
The Army of the Tennessee was to teach the Army of the Cumberland how to fight; to give an object lesson to the men of Mill Springs, Shiloh, Perryville, Stone river and Chickamauga. The Army of the Cumberland was simply to make " demonstrations.'' The Army of the Tennessee was to do the fighting and reap the glory.
Sherman, with three divisions from the Army of the Ten- nessee and one division from the Armyof the Cumberland, was lying behind thehills on the north side of the Tennessee river, nearly opposite the m.outh of South Chickamauga creek, ready to cross the river and make a lodgement at the north- ern extremity of Missionary Ridge, lapping Bragg's right nearly two miles.
Hooker, with Cruft's division (First) of Fourth Corps; Geary's (Second) of Twelfth Corps; Osterhaus' (First),
138 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Fifteenth Corps; Battery K, First Ohio, and Battery I, First New York, of the Eleventh Corps; a part of the Sec- ond Kentucky Cavalry and Company K, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, making an aggregate force of 9,681, was in Look- out valley ready to make a demonstration on the point of Lookout Mountain the following morning, and take the point of Lookout Mountain if the demonstration should develop its practicability.
The movement of our troops in the valley on the 23d from right to center, and from center to left was observed by the enemy. General Bragg anticipating an attack on his right moved Walker's entire division of Hardee's corps from Lookout Mountain to his right during the night of the 23d.
BATTLES OF CHATTANOOGA ORCHARD KNOB.
139
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CHAPTER X.
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
It had rained all night, followed by a day of mist and rain. In the morning the rebel pickets were in sight. Our position in the center was held firmly. Cannonading from the forts on our line was heavy and continuous. The guns in Fort Wood were throwing shells in the enemy's works on Missionary Ridge. At daylight Sherman had crossed two divisions, about 8,000 men, and was on the east or south bank of the Tennessee, on our left, near the northern end of Missionary Ridge. General O. O. Howard, at the head of three regiments of Bushbeck's brigade, Second Division, Eleventh Army Corps, left his position on Wood's left and marched up the river and joined Sherman. By noon three divisions of the Army of the Tennessee had crossed the river with horses and artillery, and at i P. M. advanced in three columns in ccJielon^ Morgan L. Smith's division in front toward Missionary Ridge, and without losing a man occupied and fortified a detached range north and west of its north point, instead of occupy- ing the latter, as had been intended. A light skirmish closed the work on Sherman's front for the day. The position of General Sherman at this time is best described by himself in his report^ wherein he says of the movement on the 24th:
We soon gained the foot hills; our skirmishers crept up the face of the hill, followed by their supports, and at 3:30 P. M. we had gained,
1— Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 573.
7mMrm^(y,
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. I4I
with no loss, the desired point; * * * but we found ourselves on two high points, with a deep depression between us and the one immediately over the tunnel, which was my chief objective point.
Hooker's forces were astir early. At 10 o'clock in the morning the roar of artillery came from the valley west of Lookout, the roar of cannons echoed and re-echoed from point to point, sounding like intermingled thunder in a great storm beyond the mountain. General Geary's divi- sion crossed Lookout creek, capturing the pickets and rifle pits of the enemy along the base and at the point, but 1,700 feet above the river loomed the grand mountain, its precipitous slopes furrowed by deep chasms and lined with great rocks, to the palisades, over 100 feet high to the crest. The enemy contested every foot of the ground, but at II A. M. the right of our lines had reached the palisades, the left reaching down to the valley on the west.
Hooker threw all his force forward and fighting was furious, the enemy giving away slowly and stubbornly. The guns on the mountain top were useless except to make a noise. Our batteries on Moccasin point were hurling shot and shell on the mountain side. A heavy mist hung over the valley and a fog enveloped the mountain, except for one hour from 11 A. M. to 12 M. About 12 M, from Fort Wood we caught a glimpse of lines of gray retreating slowly before lines of blue around the point of the mountain, on the slope reaching from the foot of the palisades down to the river. Hooker was taking Lookout. A mighty shout went up from the Army of the Cumberland in the valley. Soon appeared General Honker, riding a white horse close upon the charg- ing columns, which soon reached and halted in the works of the enemy near the Craven's house, forming a line extending from the palisades to the mouth of Chattanooga creek in the valley on east side of mountain. This was about 4 P. M. General Carlin's brigade, of Johnson's division of the Fourteenth Corps, by order of General
142 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Thomas, was put in motion and joined Hooker on the mountain side, and took position on his right at the base of the paHsades. About lo P. M. .there came a furious onslaught of the enemy on Carlin's line, which was met and repulsed. The flashes of the rifles gleaming through the night like fire flies showed the location of the troops.
During the night, beginning at 7 P. M., and in the early morning of the 25th, the forces on Lookout Mountain, Stevenson's division of Hardee's corps, commanded by Brigadier-General J. C. Brown, were withdrawn, and were rapidly moved to the extreme right of the rebel line, Cum- ings' brigade arriving and reporting to General Cleburne about 2 P. M. on the 25th. It was this movement to the right by the enemy from early morn to noon of the 25th, by the road on the summit of the Ridge in plain view of our army in the center, that caused General Grant to judge that" Bragg weakened his center to resist Sher- man. The war records show that Bragg did not weaken his center.
At night fall the skies cleared, and a full moon cast its light over that battle scene. The camp fires of our troops lighted up the side of Lookout Mountain, from the palisades to the valley on our right. The lights of the Army of the Tennessee, from the hills to our left, were reflected in the waters of the river. The watch-fires of the enemy crowned the crest of Missionary Ridge five hun- dred feet above the plain. The resplendent moonlight re- flected threatening lights from bayonets and cast grim shadows from the heavy guns of the enemy. A glorious scene, fadeless in the memories of the soldiers of the republic, who were actors in the tragic drama of raising the siege of Chattanooga.
The Confederate force on the mountain was about 4,000 men. The force under command of General Hooker was 9,681. The advantage of position was in favor of the force on the mountain, who, in addition to the natural
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 143
defenses, had earthworks, rifle pits, and abattis to resist attack from the valley on either side.
The losses of the enemy that day were 1,940 prison- ers; 125 killed, 300 wounded left on the field, 3,000 stand of arms, 2 pieces of artillery and ammunition, 5 battle flags, and 2,000 small arms scattered over the field and all the camp equipage of three brigades, and 20,000 rations.
Hooker had made a dcvionstration as ordered, and had taken Lookout; Sherman was on the right flank of Bragg's army. Thomas was on his front and center. What of the morrow }
CHAPTER XI.
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 25, 1 863.
" Then gather round my comrades And hear a soldier tell How full of honor was the day When every man did well."
The morning of November 25 was clear and bright. In the early dawn the Star Spangled Banner was seen floating from the crest of Lookout. Our armies were soon in motion. Sherman was at work at first break of day, and General Grant seeing the advance of John E. Smith's division, Seventeenth Army Corps, ordered that re-enforce- ments be sent to Sherman, and Baird's division. Fourteenth Army Corps, was sent to him by General Thomas; but there being no room for it in line with Sherman, it returned and was placed in position on left of Wood's division, Granger's corps, about 2:30 P. M. The Eleventh Corps, General Howard, had joined Sherman at noon. On our right Hooker's forces were leaving the mountain side and closing in on Missionary Ridge on Bragg's left, with orders from General Thomas to carry Rossville Gap. From Fort Wood and Orchard Knob could be plainly seen the fighting by the Army of the Tennessee, in its attempt to take the tunnel and turn Bragg's right. The railroad, after passing the tunnel, ran in a northeasterly direction to the Chicka- mauga, crossing a bridge guarded by the Confederate Gen- eral Polk. This bridge, important to the enemy, was seriously threatened by General Sherman, who from a
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 25, 1 863. 1 45
fortified position on a detached range about twelve hundred yards northwest of the tunnel kept his artillery playing upon the enemy at the tunnel, and on the railroad north- east, until about lo A. M., while the troops on his left were engaged in a heavy skirmish with the enemy. About II A. M., General John E. Smith's division advanced on the tunnel, and a serious battle was begun by a charge on Swett's Confederate battery in position on the hill over the tunnel. After heavy fighting, and getting within forty yards of the battery, our troops were repulsed with heavy loss. Our lines were reformed, and about i P. M. the most serious fight of the day on our left began with a charge upon the enemy in position over the tunnel. This attack lasted one hour and a half, when the enemy, re-en- forced by Cumming's brigade of Stevenson's division and; Maney's brigade of Walker's division, Hardee's corps, from Lookout Mountain, made a charge upon our troops, driving them down the hill and nearly across the plain, capturing a number of prisoners and eight stand of colors, among them those of the Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania and the Ninety-third Illinois. Quartermaster-General M. C. Meigs,' U. S. A., who saw this attack and repulse, in a report to the secretary of war, said:
Sherman sent an assault against Bragg's right, intrenched on a high knob, next to that on which Sherman himself lay fortified. This assault was gallantly made, reached the edge of the crest, held its ground for what seemed to me an hour, but was then bloodily repulsed by reserves.
General Cleburne,'^ of FJardee's corps, who was in command of the enemy's forces at the tunnel, in his re- port says:
It is but justice for me to state that the brunt of this long day's fight was borne by Smith's (Texas) brigade, and the Second, Fifteenth and Twenty-fourth Arkansas (consolidated), of Govan's brigade, together with Swett's and Key's batteries. The remainder of my division was only
1 — Vol. 31, part 3, War Records, page 77. 2— Vol. 31, part 2. War Records, page 752.
10
146 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
engaged in heavy skirmishing. The final charge was paritcipated in and successful through the timely appearance and gallant assistance of the regiments of Cumming's and Maney's brigades, before mentioned. * * * Soon after the final defeat of the enemy in front of Smith's ^position, I received a dispatch from General Hardee to send to the center all the troops I could spare, as the enemy were pressing us in that quarter.
General Sherman now commenced a heavy artillery fire on tunnel hill from the detached hill north, under cover of which his troops in the valley began to fortify. It was at this critical time that the following dispatches were transmitted and received by signal corps:
Mission Ridge Station,
November 25, 1863, 12:45 P. M. Major-General Grant:*
Where is Thomas? Sherman,
Major-General.
Orchard Knob,
November 25, 1863, 1 P. M.
Major-General Sherman:'
I am here. My right is closing in from Lookout Mountain towards
Missionary Ridge.
George H. Thomas,
Major-General.
At I P. M. Hooker reported to Thomas:
I have been delayed preparing crossing at Chattanooga creek. Bridges are destroyed. Shall be stopped perhaps an hour.
The bridges were completed and all of Hooker's troops over Chattanooga creek about 2:30 P. M., and moving to Rossville Gap. attacked Stewart's division, which was found in the breastworks thrown up by our army on its withdrawal from Chickamauga. His lines were driven and a large num- ber of prisoners captured, Osterhaus' division alone taking over two thousand.
Thomas would give no order to assault the works on his front till one of the enemy's flanks had been turned. Sherman had been repulsed on the left, Hooker was ad-
1— Vol. .31, part 2, War Records, page 41. 2— Vel. 31, part 2, War Kecords, page 41,
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 2$, 1863. I47
vancing on the right through Rossville Gap, turning Bragg's left, when from Orchard Knob, at 3:15 P. M., the boom of six cannon shots was heard in quick succession, and the Army of the Cumberland, eighteen tho.usand men, sprang from the trenches and rushed forward to take the ril^e pits at the base of the ridge. The heavy guns in Fort "Wood roared above the din of conflict, sending shells over our advancing columns, on the slope and crest of Missionary Ridge, one well directed shot exploded a rebel caisson on the crest of the ridge a short distance from Bragg's head- quarters. Our troops pressed forward in a hurricane of shells and grape from a direct and cross fire of about forty pieces of artillery on the crest of the ridge, and carried the line of rifle pits at the base of the ridge carrying out fully Grant's order to " carry the intrenchments at the base of the ridge and there halt." This was to be another demonstration by the Army of the Cumberland, to relieve Sherman, in order that he might teach the Army of the Cumberland how to fight. The artillery of the enemy on the crest of the ridge was trained upon the intrenchments and rifle pits at its base. To retreat was disgrace and great loss of life. An inspiration of courage, born of the pressing needs of the moment, impelled officers and men to go forward, and without waiting for orders, with a common purpose, the lines of blue began a "race for glory," and the storming of Missionary Ridge, with its steep and rugged sides, its summit crowned with artillery, spouting a volcanic fire of death, the flaming rifle pits on the slope and crest, will forever rank as one of the greatest assaults in military history. The crest was reached and the stars and stripes planted where for sixty days the flag of treason had flaunted its folds before us. The enemy were fleeing, panic stricken, before our troops. Missionary Ridge was ours. Granger's Corps (Fourth) was the first to crown the summit. Wood's division in advance. The Fourth Corps captured 30 pieces of artillery and 3,812 prisoners; Sheridan captured 1,762;
148 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Wood, 2,050. Willich's brigade of Wood's division cap- tured five cannon, two regimental colors and 400 prisoners. Brigadier-General J. M. Brannan,' chief of artillery. Depart- ment of the Cumberland, in his report of guns captured from the enemy during the engagement of the 24th and 25th of November, says:
By General Davis' division, at Chickamauga Station, 24-pounder guns. 2
By General Geary's division, on Lookout Mountain, field pieces 2
By General Osterhaus' division, on Missionary Ridge, field pieces 1
By General Wood's division, on Missionary Ridge, field pieces 12
By General Sheridan's division, on Missionary Ridge, field pieces 6
By General Johnson's division, at Graysville, field pieces 4
By General Baird's division, on Missionary Ridge, field pieces 1
Claimed by Generals Baird and Wood, field pieces 6
Claimed by Generals Wood and Sheridan, field pieces ^
Total 40
Corporal Edwin A. Hillman, of Company C, Sixty- eighth Indiana, is entitled to the credit of taking one field gun, by shooting down one of the lead horses.
Captain George VV. Claypool, of Company G, when near the crest, at the foot of a sharp raise of about 20 feet, at an angle of about 45 degrees, was struck in the groin by a minie ball, which felled him to the ground, but struggling to his feet with the aid of a bush he kept his eye on the works just above him from which the enemy were firing. A rebel soldier was seen to leap over their works and alight near Captain Claypool, who seized him and held him firmly, and a moment or so later another landed near him and was grabbed by the Captain, who now had two rebels, one a sergeant. The ridge in his front being now in our possession, the Captain, using the two rebel soldiers for crutches — he could not use one leg — returned to his quarters at Fort Wood.
I offer no apology for giving the story of Mission Ridge, as told by "Tom" Wood,' the first general on the ridge, and whose division first reached the top of the ridge:
1 — Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 553.
2— An address before the Society of the Army of tlie Cumberland, in Detroit, 1899.
EDWIN A. HILLMAN, Company C.
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 2$, 1 863. 1 49
Well, comrades, I am very happy to have your invitation to talk to you. What do you want to have me talk to you about — Mission Ridge? That story was laid in colors of living light years ago. * * *
But that event was when Americans were fighting Americans. The most dramatic event of all the war was the assault on Mission Ridge, on the afternoon of November 25, 1868. I have traveled since that war over Europe, Asia and Africa, and I never found a military critic who found out I was concerned in that battle who did not want to hear the story. They had studied it and pronounced it the most extraor- dinary event in all military history, because it was absolutely prohibited by General Grant, who was in command of the army. I speak that be- cause I know it of my own knowledge. Two days before my command had captured Orchard Knob— we got so near that it had to be a fight or a footrace, and neither side was inclined for a footrace, so it was a fight. After the fight at Orchard Knob, I rode to the summit and signaled back to Thomas that we had carried the first line of the enemy's works, and he caid, " Hold on; don't comeback; you have got too much." The next day General Hooker attacked Lookout mountain. He worked up the sides until the shades of night fell, yet we could see our fire climb- ing up the mountain side, until the morning of Wednesday, the 25th of November, at early dawn, we saw that glorious banner, which we all stand up to now as it passes us, waving on the crest of Lookout mount- ain. Let me tell you that success was secured by the capture of Orchard Knob, because Bragg supposed it to be a menace to his center, and he immediately called away the divisions of Bates and Walker. On Wednesday the subsequent attack, as decided in the councils, was to be on the right flank of Bragg, at the north of Mission Ridge, by the Army of the Tennessee under Sherman; and, as I said a while ago, I can turn to the page of history which shows that he was driven down the north- eastern flank of Mission Ridge by Cheatham, Cleburne and others. General Grant, with whom I had lived in the same room at West Point, said, " Wood, Sherman's having a hard time upon that northeast flank." I said, "Yes, General, he does seem to be in a warm place." Grant said, "It does seem as if he is having a hard time, and it seems as if we ought to help him." I said, "Whatever you command, we will do." He said, "If you and Sheridan advance your divisions to the foot of the ridge, and there halt, I think it will menace Bragg's ''orces so as to relieve Sherman." He repeated for us to halt at the foot of the ridge, but not to attempt to go up the ridge, because all councils antecedent to this considered Mission Ridge too strong in the center to make the attack with any hope of success. • I speak with my own knowledge. He went immediately to General Thomas, who then called General Granger-- General Gordon Granger, who was then in command of the Fourth Army Corps— and gave the instructions to him. Granger then trans- mitted the orders to General Sheridan and myself, saying, " You and Sheridan are to advance your divisions and carry the rifle pits at the foot of the ridge, and there halt "—not to go farther. I then sent for my
150 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
brigade commanders and gave them the order, so that there would be no misunderstanding. Johnson was at the right of Sheridan, and on my left was Baird, added on the suggestion of General Thomas to make the menace of the center more decided and pronounced, if we were suc- cessful in carrying the rifle pits at the foot of the ridge.
Granger said to me, " Wood," (I had put those six guns on Orchard Ridge) "the signal will be the rapid firing of these six guns." I sent for my brigade commanders and told them the orders. The guns belched forth, and the echoes had not died away before these men advanced toward the rifle pits. I was riding immediately behind the second line of my division. The first line drove the Confederates out of their position, and it was too strong a temptation — they went on, notwithstanding the orders to halt. The second line arrived at the foot of the Ridge. I was riding immediately behind the center, my proper tactical position. The cry went along the line, "General, we can carry the Ridge." I said, "Can you do it ?" They said, "We can." I said, "Men, go ahead." I did not understand that I was giving an order, because I had been ordered not to do it. As we went up, General Joseph Fullerton (God rest his soul in peace— he that was our treasurer for so many years) was sent to me by General Grant to inquire whether I had given the order. I said, no, the men had started of their own accord, but I would like to know who in hell was (joing to stop them. In the article which General Fullerton wrote in the May number, 1886, of the Century Magazine, he told all of that and gave the very identical report, and those were the words I used.
Ob we went, and when about three-fourths of the way up and the men were getting most damnably blown. General Thomas sent the ord- nance officer of the Army of the Cumberland at that time, and said to me, "Since you are committed to this attack, go on and I will send re- enforcements." I said, "All right, Baylor." He said, "General Wood, I have never been in battle before during the whole of this war. I have been kept at the ordnance depot in the east, and just now have got an opportunity to go into battle, and I want to go through this battle with you." I said, "All right, Baylor, join the lines and bawl as loud as you can bawl. The men are not going now as they did when they started at the base of the Ridge; I want them to think it is re-enforcements coming up behind them." I sent all of my personal staff out to bawl as loud as they could, and it did the work.
We went up, but what I apprehended did not happen. I expected the rebel foes— now our Confederate brethren— would rise up, pour their fire into us, leap over the works, and charge us with their bayonets; and if they had done that, it would have swept us all back, because the men could not have made any resistance.
To revert for a moment— then I will resume at the crest of the Ridge. Fullerton went back to Grant and reported what I had said, that the men had started of their own accord, and I would like to know who in hell was going to stop them. Grant said, "If Wood fails, by God, he'll pay for it." Wood did not fail.
MAJOK-GENKKAL TH. J. WOOD, U. S. V.
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 25. 1 863. I5I
But the Confederates did not bound over their works as they ought to have done (thank God they didn't, for they would have swept us down), and we went up and were the first troops to arrive there. With due deference to our comrade, General Opdyke, my division was first on the crest of the Ridge.
Lieutenant-Colonel Gabriel C. Wharton,^ commanding the Tenth Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, in the Third Bri- gade (Phelps'), Third Division (Baird's), on the left of Wood's division, in his report of the action, said:
The enemy were in full view in our front, in their rifle-pits at the foot of Mission Ridge, and in larger force on the top of the ridge be- yond. We were ordered at the sound of the bugle to storm these rifle- pits, but before the signal was sounded our skirmishers had dislodged the enemy and occupied their fortifications. The brigade then went for- ward double-quick to these works, a distance of one-fourth of a mile, where we were compelled to allow the men to regain strength for the final assault on Mission Ridge. During the ten minutes we remained in these works, although under a furious fire from a full battery with shells and spherical case-shot at easy range, the officers and men became wild with enthusiasm and desire to advance, although it seemed from there that it would be to a harvest of death; but they could see their com- rades in Wood's and Sheridan's divisions struggling and fighting their way up the hill to their right, in some places having gained the crest, in others almost to the top, and the flag of the Eighty-sixth Indiana proudly waving within twenty feet of the crest of one of the hills, its brave defenders unable to advance without assistance, and determined never to fall back. When the bugle did sound and Colonel Hays gave the command "forward," one wild yell went up, and forward they swept.
General Baird,' commanding division, in his report says:
The Second Brigade in Ime, going from my troops toward the right —perhaps that of Genera! Willich— may possibly have reached its point of aim a little before mine reached theirs, and soon after opened com- munication with us. The intermediate brigade came up a little later.
These extracts confirm General Wood's statement that his division was first to gain the crest.
The fiag of the Sixty-eighth Indiana was among the first planted on Mission Ridge. Lieutenant-Colonel Will-
1 — Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 547. 2— Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 509.
152 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I,
iam p. Chandler,^ of the Thirty-fifth Illinois Infantry, of Willich's brigade. Wood's division, in his report, says:
Having advanced more rapidly than the troops on my left, and reaching the enemy's works considerably m advance of them, I halted my command and fired a volley at a heavy column of the enemy retiring up the ridge under cover of a battery immediately in front of my left. The slight resistance made by the retreating column of the enemy induced me to believe that a vigorous charge would succeed in silencing or capturing their battery, the fire from which was very rapid, but not destructive. Directing my color-sergeant to advance directly on the battery in front of my left, I ordered the regiment forward. They ad- vanced rapidly to within twenty steps of the enemy's works; there, being exposed to a very destructive fire from the enemy's infantry, the men, being completely exhausted by their rapid advance up the steep hill, were compelled to halt at that critical point. Fearing that the move- ment would fail, I moved in front just in time to receive the colors from the hands of the sixth color corporal, Preston (the color sergeant, Alex Hughes, and live corporals having previously been wounded), as he was instantly killed.
About this time I noticed Captain Houston of the Twenty-fifth Illinois Volunteers, with one company of that regiment, gallantly sup- porting me, and also Lieutenant Mclnerny, of the Eighty-sixth Indiana Volunteers, urging forward his men, thus enabling us to keep up a deadly fire upon the enemy whenever they showed themselves above their embankment, until the advance of the Sixty-eighth Indiana Volun teers came charging up the hill to our assistance, when, calling upon the men to follow, I carried the fiag into the enemy's works, preceded by a gallant soldier of the Sixty-eighth, who was shot dead the moment he passed over their parapet.
Lieutenant Mclnerny, with the advance of the Eighty-sixth Indiana with their flag, immediately followed, and in a few moments the colors of the Sixty-eighth entered on my right. During our advance up the hill and after entering their works, the enemy's battery immediately on our left was pouring ip a heavy fire, and as soon as our front was cleared of infantry the colors of this regiment, together with the colors of the Sixty-eighth and Eighty-sixth, were moved rapidly to our left and the men called on to follow, which they gallantly did, driving the enemy before them and capturing two of their cannon.
The forces encountered by our troops on the ridge coming from the north were a portion of the troops of Generals Hardee and Cleburne, in front of Sherman, who had abandoned the tunnel and were making a supreme
I— Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 267.
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 2$, 1 863. I 53
effort to retrieve the disaster to their center. These troops were repulsed with the aid of some men of Baird's division who had just reached the crest. These two divisions, Baird's and Wood's, were engaged in a sharp fight until after dark. General Turchin, in command of the brigade on left of Baird, had taken possession of some works of the enemy on the ridge, in which he was attacked by a charge of the enemy, but repulsed them in a handsome manner, when they left in haste in the direction of Tunnel Hill. The Ridge was ours, excepting the point at Tunnel Hill where Sherman had been repulsed. During the night Bragg drew off all troops from the front of Sherman, and with his army retreated in disorder across the Chickamauga.
Colonel Fox, in his work on "Losses in the American Civil War," says that battles are considered great in pro- portion to the loss of life, and that the history of a battle should always be studied in connection with the figures that show the losses.
General Sherman in his memoirs, Vol. i, Page 247, speaking of the-part taken by the armies of Grant and Buell, in the battle of Shiloh, applies the rule laid down by Colonel Fox, as follows :
Our aggregate loss, made up from official statements, shows 1,700 killed, 7,495 wounded, and 8,022 prisoners; aggregate 12,217, of which 2,167 were in Buell's army, leaving for that of Grant 10,050. This result is a fair measure of the amount of fighting done by each army.
The records of the war of the Rebellion show an aggregate Union loss in the battles of Chattanooga Novem- ber 23, 24, 25, 1863, of 6,103, of which 1,540 were in Sherman's army, 1,078 in Hooker's army, 2,437 •" Grang- er's (Fourth) corps, and 1,048 in the Fourteenth Corps. Sheridan's division lost 1,346; Wood's division, 1,091.
Sherman had six divisions; Hooker, three divisions and one brigade; Granger had two divisions, and the Four- teenth Corps two divisions. Sherman's and Hooker's armies were engaged two days. The two divisions of the
154 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Fourteenth Corps were in position, Johnson's on the right, and Bairds on the left of the Fourth Corps, in the assault on Missionary Ridge.
Applying the rule laid down by Colonel Fox, adopted by General Sherman in his discussion of the relative work of the armies of Grant and Buell at Shiloh, these losses show that Granger's corps — Sheridan's and Wood's divis- ions— met the greatest resistance and did the hardest fighting in the battle of Missionary Ridge.
The Sixty-eighth Indiana in this assault was in the First Brigade (Willich's), Third Division (Wood's), Granger's corps, and lost in killed and wounded 5 commis- sioned of^cers, and 'j'j enlisted men, out of 205 swords and muskets in the battle, a loss of 40 per cent, in fifty-five minutes.
The following extract from an official report of the commanding officer of the regiment made on June 2, and filed in adjutant-general's office, Indiana, June 6, 1865, is submitted :
On the eleventh day of October the regiment was tranferred from Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, to First Brigade, Third Division, Fourth Army Corps. On the 25th of November it took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge, lost Lieutenant John Reese, killed; Lieutenant-Colonel H. J. Espy, Captain George W. Clay- pool, Captain R. F. Patterson, Captain H. D. Moore, wounded. Total loss, 5 commissioned officers and 77 men. Lieutenant-Colonel Espy commanded until wounded, when Captain R. L. Leeson assumed com- mand. * * I hereby certify, on honor, that the foregoing exhibits a true and correct statement of the Descriptive Roll of Field and Staff Officers and "Historical Memoranda" of the regiment above designated; and that the remarks opposite each officer, regiment and company items, are accurate and just. * * * Station, Chattanooga, Tenn. Date June 2, 1865. H. J. Espy,
. Lt.-Col. Sixty-eighth Ind. V., Com. Regiment.
Charles A. Dana,^ assistant secretary of war, who was present at the battle, in a dispatch to the secretary of war, November 26, 1863, 10 A. M., says :
1 — Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 69.
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 2$, 1 863. I 55
The storming of the ridge by our troops was one of the greatest miracles in military history. No man who climbs the ascent by any of the roads that wind along its front can believe that 18,000 men were moved up its broken and crumbling face unless it was his fortune to witness the deed. It seems as awful as a visible interposition of God. Neither Grant nor Thomas intended it. Their orders were to carry the rifle pits along the base of the ridge an^ capture their occupants, but when this was accomplished the unaccountable spirit of the troops bore them bodily up those impracticable steeps, over the bristling rifle pits on the crest, and the thirty cannon enfilading every gully. The order to storm appears to have been given simultaneously by Generals Sheridan and Wood, because the men were not to be held back, dangerous as the attempt appeared to military prudence. Besides, the generals had caught the inspiration of the men, and were ready themselves to untler- take impossibilities.
General Grant, in his memoirs, Vol. 2, Page 80, speaking of this assault on Missionary Ridge, says :
I watched their progress with intense interest. The fire along the rebel line was terrific. Cannon and musket balls filled the air; but the damage done was small in proportion to the ammunition expended. The pursuit continued until the crest was reached, and soon our men were seen climbing over the Confederate barriers at different points in front of both Sheridan's and Wood's divisions.
CHAPTER XII.
RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN.
The reverberations of the guns of Missionary Ridge
had scarcely died away in the mountains when the follow-
ing order was issued:
Department Headquarters, Chattanooga, November 25, 1863, 12 M. (midnight.)
Major-General Granger,!
Missionary Ridge:
Your dispatch of 7:15 P. M. was duly received. Please accept my
hearty congratulations on the splendid success of your troops, and con-
,vey to them my cordial thanks for the brilliant style in which they carried
the enemy's works. Their conduct cannot be too highly appreciated. I
have just seen General Grant, who desires that you make preparation to
move up the river as soon as possible.
George H. Thomas,
Major-General U. S. Vols., Commanding.
On the 26th Wood's division passed the day burying its dead. On the 28th, with sixty rounds of ammunition on each man, Sheridan's and Wood's divisions of the Fourth Corps, General Granger in command, began a forced march to relieve the beleagured garrison of Knoxville, arriving there on December 7, to find that the enemy had retreated. Those divisions had not been supplied with clothing sincJe the beginning of the Chattanooga campaign in August. Their clothing was well worn, and upon reaching Knoxville the outfit of many of the soldiers consisted only of an old blouse, worn as a shirt; a pair of pants, well worn, in many cases the bottoms were worn and burned off nearly to the knee, and the rear well ventilated; a pair of shoes,
2— Vol. 31, part 2, War Records, page 117.
Q. M. SERGEANT THOMAS C. SHEPPERD.
RELIFE OF KNOXVILLE MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. I 57
and in many cases these were worn out; a rubber poncho, or woolen blanket, and a hat or cap, and no overcoats. Not an officer or private had a change of clothing. The roads were very bad, almost impassable for wagons or artillery. Supplies were scarce, the troops having to sub- sist on the country. The storms of a winter that is memorable as one of extreme cold had set in, and our troops were without shelter, thinly clad, and without suffi- cient food, a part of the time having to subsist on parched corn. The sufferings of the Continental army at Valley Forge was not more severe. Our troops had been on the march, on short rations, since August, and the privations suffered and hardships undergone in this winter campaign made serious inroads on the health of a body of men en- feebled by fatigue, hunger and exposure. Rheumatism, diarrhoea, pneumonia and typhoid fever reduced our num- bers rapidly. This condition prevailed all winter. The troops were marched and countermarched from Maryville to Morristown, over muddy roads, in storms of rain and snow, bivouacking at night on the ground by log fires with- out shelter. Frequent skirmishes with the enemy gave animation to the dreary situation. Was the "game worth the candle.^" Parson Brownlow, at Cincinnati, was urging upon the President the occupation of that country for the protection of the Union people there, but as a strategical military position it was probably of little or no value. General Sherman in a letter to General Grant, December I, 1863, says:
That any military man should send a force into east Tennessee puzzles me. Burnside is there and must be relieved, but when relieved I want to set out, and he should come out, too. I think, of course, its railroads should be absolutely destroyed, its provisions eaten up or carried away, and all troops brought out. Cumberland Gap should be held sim- ply as an outpost of Kentucky, V)ut Burnside must be relieved first and these other things after.
It JK'.s often been asked, why was Major-General Gordon Granger, with his divisions of Sheridan and Wood,
158 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
kept in east Tennessee in the winter of 1863-4 to re-enforce an army superior to that of the enemy. The following extract from a letter of C. A. Dana, assistant secretary of war, to the secretary of war, dated Chattanooga, Decem- ber II, 1863, 12 M.:
Grant is very angry with Granger for misconduct in the Chattanooga battle,
throws a side light on the east Tennessee campaign that cannot fail to be of interest to the men of Wood's division. Granger guilty of misconduct in the Chattanooga battle! Wherein was he at fault? His corps was the first on the Ridge, and the first to receive the thanks of General Thomas, the "noblest Roman of them all," for gallant work storming Missionary Ridge. Charles A. Dana, assis- tant secretary of war, was present and reporting to the secretary of war at Washington, said:
The storming of the Ridge was one of the greatest miracles in mil- itary history.
Grants plan of battle clearly shows his purpose. Sher- man was to turn Bragg's right. But it wouldn't turn.
Granger was to make a demonstration, carry the rifle pits along the base of the Ridge and capture the occupants, and there halt.
He failed to halt. He stormed the Ridge, and made Grant lieutenant-general. This audacity, crowned with glorious success, must be punished.
Sherman's troops, in the march to Knoxville, went to Maryville, twenty miles south of the city, where, learning of Longstreet's retreat, the head of column was turned toward Chattanooga. Granger, with his ill fed, poorly clad troops, without transportation (the mules died of starvation at Chattanooga during the siege), without shelter or medicines, must spend the winter in east Tennessee, and live off the country. "Grant is very angry with Granger for misconduct in the Chattanooga battle," furnishes a key
RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. I 59
to the situation. Captain Richard L. Leeson commanded the Sixty-eighth Indiana in this winter campaign. The regiment marched over six hundred miles, pursuing and pursued in turn, by Longstreet's forces on the French Broad river. Our losses in action were not heavy, the engagements seldom rising to the dignity of a heavy skirm- ish. A large number succumbed to the exposure they were forced to undergo. Some found their way into general hospital, to soon pass beyond human suffering; others to be discharged from the service, in many instances only to linger yet a little time in pain and suffering, to go the way appointed for all living. Our regiment was reduced below the maximum number of a company. In February a num- ber of recruits arrived. A few days' exposure was sufficient to send them, almost to a man, to a hospital. About this time many soldiers in the older regiments of our brigade re-enlisted as veterans, and were given a furlough, and those who did not re-enlist were mainly assigned to our regiment and replenished our depleted ranks for a few weeks.
The siege of Knoxville was productive of good results to the Union army. It was the probable cause of defeat of Bragg's army at Chattanooga b}' holding Longstreet's corps away; and if east Tennessee was of any value to us it confirmed our hold upon it. The repulse of McLaw's division at Fort Sanders on November 30, with a loss of over 1,000 men, was a severe blow to the enemy.
On March 13 our brigade went to Morristown, remain- ing there until the iSth, when it moved to New Market, thence to Strawberry Plains, where two weeks were spent in comparative rest. On the 6th of April our colum.ns were turned toward Chattanooga, where we arrived on the 30th. Our regiment was assigned to duty at that post, under command of Major-General James B. Steedman, commanding District of the Etowah.
This proved to be our final separation from the brave
l60 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
soldiers of Willich's brigade, with whom we scaled Mis- sionary Ridge on that bleak November afternoon and won fadeless glory for the arms of the Great Republic.
We crossed Missionary Ridge at 7 A. M., going direct to Fort Wood, our camp during the siege, and a half hour later we were on the march to Fort Negley, on the south- ern line of defenses of the city, where we encamped with the Fourteenth Corps after the battle of Chickamauga till October 15. Our return was signalized on May i by divine service, led by Captain Patterson, of Company I, who had rejoined the regiment after an absence caused by a severe wound received in storming Missionary Ridge. Chatta- nooga had been changed into a great depot of supplies. Where gaunt famine mocked, plenty now reigned. A great army was being equipped, and stores accumulated for the spring campaign of 1864. General Grant had been made lieutenant-general, and assigned to the command of the armies of the United States. General Sherman, upon his return from Knoxville, at his own request had been sent to Vicksburg to carry out his plan of operating against the forces of Bishop Polk, who had succeeded General John- ston in command. He succeeded in partially destroying a railroad and returned safely to Vicksburg, without meeting the enemy in battle.
It was the law and the practice to fill vacancies in the higher army commands by selection, rank or date of com- mission not controlling. Under this rule, upon the recom- mendation of Lieutenant-General Grant, General Sherman, was appointed commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi, in March, 1864, which included the Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Major-General Thomas, who was of higher rank than Sherman.
The disappointment in the Army of the Cumberland, when it became known that Thomas would not command the army in the new campaign, was very great. General Gordon Granger said to General Sherman, "Sherman, it
LIEUTENANT GEO. CARSON.
RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE — MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. l6l
is a d — n shame that you were appointed to command this army. Thomas should have been appointed, and he is the best man for it. " To better enable the reader to under- stand this feeling^ we will consider briefly the military records of Sherman and Thomas.
Sherman commanded a brigade in the first battle of Bull Run, after which he was sent to Kentucky to relieve General Anderson, but was soon relieved by order of the secretary of war, who pronounced him crazy for telegraph- ing fast and furiously to the war department for heavy re- enforcements, which was followed by a visit to him at Louisville, Kentucky, on October i8, by Secretary Came- ron and Adjutant-General Thomas, when he informed them that he should have 200,000 men to recover Kentucky. At that time there were less than 25,000 armed rebels in the state. 1
He was sent to St. Louis to organize recruits into regiments, and after the battle of Fort Donelson he was given command of a division. He next appeared in the battle of Shiloh^where his troops were surprised and driven back. In this action he was conspicuous for his braver}'. In the winter of 1862-3 he was given command of three divisions, the right wing of the Thirteenth Army Corps, and with this, his first independent command, a body of thirty thousand men and sixty guns, in an attempt to take Vicksburg, he attacked the enemy on the bluffs of Chicka- saw, and was badly defeated and forced to withdraw with heavy loss. He next appeared in the siege of Vicksburg, as a subordinate to General Grant, where he did good service. We next find him hammering away at the north end of Missionary Ridge at Chattanooga in November. 1863, where his command was repulsed. At the time of his assignment to the command of the Military Division of
1 — Pollard says; "About the middle of September (1861) General Buckuer advanced with a small force of about 4,000 men, which was increased by the loth of October to 12,000; and though other accessions of force were received, it continued at about the same strength until the end Of November, measles and other diseases keeping down the effec- ive force." 11
1 62 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. I. V. 1.
the Mississippi, he had not yet won a battle and no miHtary success with an independent command.
On the other hand, let us take up the record of General Thomas. At the breaking out of the rebellion of the Southern States, he was junior major of the Second Cavalry, on leave of absence for one year, from November I, i860. His regiment, by an agreement between General Twiggs and the authorities of the State of Texas, had been disarmed and ordered out of the state. At New York City April 10, 1 86 1, Major Thomas received orders to take charge of the regiment and promptly refit it for active ser- vice. Was promoted lieutenant-colonel Second Cavalry April 25, 1 86 1, vice R. E. Lee, resigned; followed by pro- motion as colonel on May 3, 1861, vice A. S. Johnston, resigned. In June, 1861, was assigned to command of the First Brigade of the Army of Pennsylvania, and in July won a victory near Martinsburg, Virginia, and on July 3 entered Martinsburg with his brigade in advance of the army, and drove in the enemy's outpost at Bunker Hill July 15, i86r, winning the first Union victory south of the Potomac. On August 17, 1861, he was appointed briga- dier-general of volunteers and on August 26 was ordered to report to Brigadier-General Robert Anderson, U. S. A., commanding Department of the Cumberland at Louisville, Kentucky, and was ordered to Camp Dick Robinson, where he assumed command on September 15, relieving Lieuten- ant William Nelson, U. S. A. On October 21 his posi- tion near Rock Castle Hills was attacked by Zollicoffer, who was beaten back with heavy loss. On November 30 he was assigned to command of the First Division, Army of the Ohio. On December 31 he advanced with two bri- gades to unite with a brigade at Somerset, Kentucky. The enemy, under Major-General George Crittenden, attacked his advance at Logan's cross-roads at 6 A. M., January 19, 1862. By 10 A. M. the enemy was routed, with General Zollicoffer killed, and fled to his intrenched camp, and
RELIEF OF KNOXVILLE MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 1 63
during the night escaped across the river, abandoning all his munitions of war and the personal baggage of the offi- cers. This is known as the battle of Mill Springs that broke the rebel line through Kentucky, forcing the evacua- tion of Bowling Green. On April 25 Thomas was appoint- ed major-general of volunteers. On April 30 he was trans- ferred with his command to the Army of the Tennessee and assigned to command of the right wing of the army before Corinth, Mississippi, consisting of the divisions of Briga- dier-Generals W. T. Sherman, S. H. Hurlburt, J. S. Davies and T. J. McKean, and his own, commanded by Brigadier-General T. W. Sherman. In July he joined the Army of the Ohio with his command and on Septem- ber 7 was assigned to command of Nashville by special orders No. 154, headquarters Department of the Ohio. On September 20 he joined the army at Prewitt's Knob, in Kentucky, and on the 21st was disposing Crittenden's and Wood's divisions in order of battle to attack Bragg's army, when it was learned the enemy was retiring. On Septem- ber 29 he was assigned to command of the Army of the Ohio, by Major-General Halleck, commandiug U. S. A., but declined, and the order was countermanded, and on September 30 he was announced as second in command of the Army of the Ohio.
The Army of the Ohio became, October 24, 1862, the Army of the Cumberland, and was placed under command of Major-General William S. Rosecrans and General Thomas was assigned to the command of five divisions, the center of the Army of the Cumberland, on November 7, 1862. We next find him at Stone river, where, after the right was crushed, and Sheridan, Davis and Johnson were driven off the field, with two divisions he formed a new line of battle under fire, and on the following day brought victory out of defeat, and saved the Army of the Cumber- land. We next find him at Chickamauga, where, as the ' ' Rock of Chickamauga, " at Snodgrass Hill, he again saved
164 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
the Army of the Cumberland; and at Chattanooga, in No- vember, 1863, as commander of the Army of the Cumber- land, after Grant's plan of battle had failed, he broke the Confederate lines on Missionary Ridge and drove the ene- my beyond the Chickamauga.
The largest Union and rebel armies, under command of Generals Sherman and Johnston, respectively, that had ever met in battle during the Civil war were preparing for the clash of arms which each knew was inevitable. Thg Union army had an effective strength of 110,123, as fol- lows: The Army of the Cumberland under Major-General Thomas, 72,938; Army of the Tennessee, under General McPherson, 24,380; Army of the Ohio, under General Schofield, 12,805. The troops of McPherson and Scho- field in numbers were as re-inforcements to the Army of the Cumberland. The rebel army numbered 74,689. of which 45,000 were at Dalton at the opening of the cam- paign in May.
The rebel general, John B. Hood, writing of the Chat- tanooga-Atlanta campaign, covering a distance of over one hundred miles, says there was "no action rising to ihe dignity of a great battle." Yet it is true that this remark- able campaign had more days of continuous heavy skir- mishing and fighting than any other campaign of the war with less loss for time and numbers engaged.
REV. E. H. WOOD, Company K.
CHAPTER XIII.
REMINISCENCES THE MORAL AND RELIGIOUS SIDE OF THE
SIXTY-EIGHTH INDIANA INFANTRY.
BY REV. CO.MRADE E. H. WOOD.
I have been requested to chronicle a brief history per- taining to the moral features of the Sixty-eighth Indiana Regiment, and with pleasure I contribute a few items, as I may be able to recall them to memory after a lapse of thirty-five years.
An army life is not thought to be conducive to the highest moral^and religious improvement, and not a few at the time of their enlistment thought it unnecessary to make any special effort toward an exemplary life, but to drift along with the current, fall in with the ways of army cus- toms, be a hale fellow with his comrades, have a good time and when the smoke of battle was passed and the rebellion suppressed, they would return again to their peaceful avocations and resume the walks and practice of an upright, Godly life.
All, however, were not of this class. The dangers sur- rounding the soldier in the camp, on the march, and on the battlefield, only impressed him with the greater necessity of true manhood and noble character, to stand firm for the right at all times and under all circumstances.
The Sixty-eighth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers was composed of a variety of characters. They were not all angels by any means. There were some rough diamonds.
l66 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
and diamonds in the rough. Some who could swear with the most proficient in that Hne. Some who could drink until they would be transformed into wild men and become a terror to the whole camp. While a large number could be classed under the well behaved, or those who had de- cided that the career of a soldier did not mean the surren- der of any noble principle and hence the practice of relig- ious duties could be maintained.
At the time of the organization of the regiment, August 19, 1862, there was great excitement in the country, nnd it became necessary to hasten to the front to participate in active operations. The march, camp life and drill became the employment, and most of the command being new recruits, very little time or opportunity was given for sys- tematic arrangements of the soldiers' duties.
Only for a short time was it the privilege of this regi- ment to have the services of a regular chaplain. Rev. David Monfort, of Greensburg. a minister of the Presby- terian church and an excellent Christian gentleman, was appointed to perform that service, but being of delicate health, he soon found army service too much for him, and he was compelled to resign his position after a brief serv- ice from December 18, 1862, to September 2, 1863.
The moral portion of the regiment then felt they were thrown upon their owr> resources, and soon took decided steps to organize the regiment for more active service.
Fortunately we were supplied with quite a number of ministers and earnest Christian workers, both among the officers and soldiers of the different companies, and when appealed to they manifested quite readily a disposition to show their colors and stand up for the right and for the best moral interests of the men of the regiment.
After some months of army service had passed and a more perfect acquaintance had been established, it was thought best to organize a "regimental church," and such a society was projected, which proved to be a great sue-
REMINISCENCES. 1 6/
cess and served well the purpose for which it was formed. Under this organization all the helps and advantages were afforded usual to a church at home, such as regular preach- ing services on Sunday when convenient, conducted by some member of the regiment, or by a representative of the Christian Commission. A Sunday-school was organ- ized; which enlisted great interest and kept the minds of many upon the study of the Bible.
A strong, influential temperance society was instituted, and many were induced to sign the pledge, and thus some were kept from improper indulgence in the use of intoxi- cants and preserved from a life of dissipation.
A lyceum, or old-fashioned debating society, was kept up for some time, in which the boys would assemble to- gether each week, where great wisdom was shown and much eloquence exhibited, and this afforded a happy and profitable pastime and broke up the monotony of camp life. As there were so many "shining stars " we will for- bear to mention names and save ourselves showing any partiality.
Some, indeed, there were more zealous in their Chris- tian faith and practice, and finding congeniality in each other's society, would at the close of day, whether it had been a day of marching, fighting, or the regular duties of camp, seek some quiet retreat, and there spend a short time in religious conversation and prayer, and have derived much strength thereby to withstand the temptations they were liable to meet.
It was no uncommon occurrence for prayer to be offered in some of the companies at evening roll call, or about the time "taps" were sounded to hear the words of prayer from some private tent, reminding one forcibly of the old times of Methodist camp-meetings.
We believe, also, that moral influences were set in motion in some neighborhoods adjacent to the camp of the Sixty-eighth, while in the southland, and gospel services
1 68 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
were held to good effect by the boys among the mountains and valleys of Kentucky and Tennessee.
At the close of the war, when our comrades were dis- charged, there were issued to each member of the " regi- mental church " a certificate in printed form of faithfulness and good standing to be given to the church at home, whether they had previously been members or not. Some of these are still held as souvenirs or mementoes of the moral triumphs during the three years as soldiers in the war of the Union.
Among the localities of interest in this department of the history of our regiment might be mentioned " Univer- sity Heights," the most healthful and beautiful camp we ever had; Chattanooga, and the famous Block House, sit- uated at the north end of the bridge crossing the Tennes- see river at Chattanooga, at which point our regiment was camped for some time.
The Block House became memorable, not only as a point of defence in time of danger, or attack by the enemy, but also as a bureau of intelligence, moral strength and in- fluence.
While on a visit a few years ago to this region the writer noted many changes; the familiar reminders of the place were mostly removed. Block House and all traces of the old camp were effaced; a few stones of the middle pier of the bridge remained, while the structure itself, which we guarded for many months, had been replaced by another, and much better, one square farther up the river, and at the terminus of Walnut street.
The old "regimental church," or one used for a time for that purpose, is worthy of special mention. Located in or near the camp, close by the breastworks on the south side of Chattanooga, it was a building o^ no small dimen- sions, constructed of clapboards for sides and roof, while the pews were of more solid material, made of railroad iron, the sections of which, being long and substantial.
REMINISCENCES. 1 69
held up by suitable braces, answered the purpose of seats; although not quite so comfortable as those of the home church, yet admirably served our purpose. Many an hour was here spent in worship, and in honor of the great Cap- tain of our salvation. No opposition was met by either regimental or company officers to these movements for the moral welfare of the regiment, and we refer in highest praise to their hearty sympathy in the efforts, and the en- thusiastic co-operation in many instances to promote the movement.
After all things considered, we are firmly of the con- viction that for cleanliness, good behavior, high ideals of manhood, and downright courage in time of battle, the Sixty-eighth Regiment was above the average, and when the roll is called up yonder we expect to greet many of our " boys."
CHAPTER XIV.
THE SURGEONS DIAGNOSIS.
BY MARION MEREDITH, M. D.
The medical department consisted of one surgeon, two assistant surgeons and one hospital steward. On August 19, 1862, John L. Wooden was commissioned and mus- tered as surgeon. Myron W. Harding and Lewis W. Hodg- kins were appointed assistant surgeons. Dr. Harding de- clined without reporting to the regiment. Dr. Marion Meredith was appointed hospital steward and joined the regiment at Lebanon, Kentucky, and was appointed assist- ant surgeon to fill the vacancy created by Dr. Harding's declination, his commission bearing date December 6, 1862. Corporal George W. Snider succeeded him as hospital steward. There were no changes in the medical staff dur- ing the term of service of the regiment. Doctors Wooden and Hodgkins were captured with the regiment at Mun- fordsville, Kentucky, in September, 1862. Dr. Meredith was with the sick at Lebanon Junction, Kentucky, and brought them back to Louisville, where he rejoined the regiment on its way to Indianapolis. When the regiment was exchanged the medical staff all went with it to the field. Dr. Wooden was again taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, being in charge of our wounded on the field, and was sent to Libby Prison, in Richmond, where he remained for nearly three months, when he was exchanged and immediately rejoined his regiment, then in East Ten-
THE SURGEONS DIAGNOSIS. I7I
nessee, and was soon assigned to duty as brigade surgeon on staff of General August Willich. He was mustered out with the regiment, when he engaged in the practice of his profession in Greensburg, Indiana, until his death, which occurred November 28, 1886. Excepting a few months during the winter of 1864-5, when in charge of hospital at Dalton, Georgia, Dr. Hodgkins was constantl}' on duty with the regiment. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned to his old home in Ellsworth, Maine. It is not known whether or not he is living, as his comrades have seldom or ever heard from him during the years since the war. Dr. Meredith had experience in hos- pital practice, being at one time in charge of a hospital at Jasper, Tennessee, and after the battle of Chickamauga was placed in charge of a hospital at Chattanooga, Ten- nessee, and in winter of 1864-5 was in charge of a large hospital at Cleveland, Tennessee, where he remained until relieved to join his regiment for muster out of service. At the battle of Chickamauga he was one of the seventy sur- geons who volunteered to remain with the wounded in field hospital, but late in the evening the medical director of the Fourteenth Corps placed him in charge of the ambu- lance train, loaded with wounded, with instructions to reach Chattanooga, if possible, by going around the rebel left. He started with the train and escaped capture, ar- riving in Chattanooga at 4 o'clock Monday morning, Sep- tember 21, without loss. The train consisted of two hun- dred ambulances and over one thousand wounded men. At the close of the war he located in Vinton, Iowa, where he has been successful in the practice of his profession and business pursuits. Hospital Steward George W. Snider engaged in business in Indianapolis, Indiana.
CHAPTER XV.
ITINERARY OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INDIANA IN FANTRY, AUGUST I9, 1 862, TO JUNE 20, 1865.
Compiled from various sources, chiefly the journals of Comrades David S. Jones, William Bear and James Shera.
August, 1862.
5-18. Camp Logan, Greensburg, Indiana.
19. Indianapolis.
20-25. Louisville, Kentucky.
26-27. Marched towards Bardstown, Kentucky.
28-30. In camp at Bardstown, Kentucky.
31. On march toward Lebanon, Kentucky.
September, 1862.
I. Arrived at Lebanon, Kentucky.
2-5. In camp, Lebanon, Kentucky.
6. In camp, Lebanon Junction, Kentucky.
7. In line ot battle, nearly all day.
8-14. In camp near Lebanon Junction, Kentucky. 15. On train for Munfordville, Kentucky. 16-17. BATTLE OF MUNFORDVILLE, KEN- TUCKY.
18. Prisoners of war — marched south through
Confederate army.
19. Arrived at Cave City, Kentucky.
20. Arrived at Bowling Green, Kentucky.
21. Began march to the Ohio river.
22. Arrived at Brownstown, Kentucky.
ITINERARY.
173
23-
24. 25. 26.
27.
28. 29. 30.
3-27
28
29-31
Marched thirty-one miles to Big Springs,
Kentucky. Marched ten miles. Marched sixteen miles. Arrived at Ohio river. Crossed the Ohio river and marched seventeen
miles. Arrived at New Albany, Indiana. Marched to Jeffersonville, Indiana. In camp at Jeffersonville, Indiana.
October, 1862.
On train — arrived at Indianapolis at 6 P. M.
Parole furlough.
At home, on furlough.
Returned to camp at Indianapolis, Indiana.
In parole camp.
November, 1862.
I- 1 7. In parole camp.
18. Governor Morton informs us of our exchange.
19-26. In camp, Indianapolis, Indiana.
27. Grand review, Indianapolis, Indiana.
28-30. In camp, Indianapolis, Indiana.
December, 1862.
1-29. In camp, Indianapolis, Indiana.
30. Arrived at Louisville, Kentucky.
31. In camp.
January, 1863.
1-6. In camp at Louisville, Kentucky.
7. Marched to Portland, Kentucky.
8. Embarked on steamers " Horizon " and "Fort
Wayne. '"
1/4 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
9-18. En route to Nashville, Tennessee.
19. Arrived at Nashville, Tennessee.
20. Disembarked and went into camp. 21-31. In camp.
February, 1863. 1-28. At Nashville, Tennessee.
March, 1863. I -3 1. At Nashville, Tennessee.
April, 1863.
1-3. At Nashville, Tennessee. 4. Arrived at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. 5-19. In camp. 20-30. On reconnaissance toward Liberty, Tennes- see.
May, 1863.
1-31. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
June, 1863. 1-23. In camp.
24. Started on Tullahoma campaign.
25. BATTLE OF HOOVER'S GAP, TENNES-
SEE, 24TH AND 25TH.
26. In line of battle south of Hoover's Gap.
27. Arrived at Manchester, Tennessee.
28-30. Marching and skirmishing, five miles of Tulla- homa.
July, 1863.
1. Entered Tullahoma about noon.
2. Arrived at Elk river — in camp above bridge.
3. Moved camp below bridge.
4. Marched to Breakfield Point, two and one-half
miles.
ITINERARY.
175
5. In camp.
6. Moved camp one mile, fine location. 7-10. In camp.
1 1. Marched to Estell Springs Station.
12-18. In camp.
19. Joined our brigade, two miles.
20-24. In camp.
25. Moved camp to Decherd Station.
26-30. In camp.
31. Marched to foot of mountain.
August, 1863.
I. Marched to top of mountain; Camp University.
2-16. In camp, University Heights, Tennessee.
17, Marched to Battle Creek.
18. Marched five miles down the valley. 19-20. In camp.
21. Marched to Jasper, Tennessee. 22-29. In camp, Jasper, Tennessee.
30. Si^^-com panics cross the Tennessee river on a
reconnaissance.
31. Six companies return to river.
September, 1863.
1. Remainder of regiment cross the river and
camp at Shellmound, Tennessee.
2. In camp.
3. Marched till 8 P. M. and bivouacked.
4. Crossed Raccoon Mountain to Sligo valley.
5. Marched to Trenton, Georgia.
6. In camp.
7. Marched five miles to Hard Scrabble. 8-9. In camp.
10. Marched seven miles.
11. Ascend Lookout Mountain.
12. In camp near Pond Spring, Georgia.
176
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
13
14
15 16
17
18
19-20
21
22
23-30
I-IO. I I.
12-14.
15- 16-31.
1-22 23
24
25 26 27 28
29 30
Marched three miles.
In line of battle near Pond Spring, Georgia.
On a scout or reconnaissance.
Skirmishing with the enemy.
In line of battle at 3 A. M. ; detailed for picket
duty. Off picket at 6 A. M. Marched all night. BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. At Rossville. At Chattanooga; in a heavy skirmish near
Rossville road. Besieged in Chattanooga. Short rations.
October, 1863.
In camp near Fort Negley. Assigned to Willich's brigade, Wood's divis- ion, Granger's Corps. In camp near Fort Negley. Moved camp to Fort Wood. In camp; very light rations.
November, 1863.
Beseiged in Chattanooga.
BATTLE OF ORCHARD KNOB.
BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN.
BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE.
Bury our dead.
In camp.
Started on east Tennessee campaign.
Arrived at Harrison, Tennessee.
Marched twenty-two miles to Kelly's Landing.
December, 1863.
Marched to Hiawassee river.
Marched twenty-four miles.
Marched to Sweetwater, twenty-five miles.
ITINERARY.
177
4-
5-6. 7-
9-10.
1 1.
12-1 5.
16.
17-24.
25. 26-31.
14.
15- 16.
17. 18.
19. 20. 21.
22.
23- 24.
25-31-
1-12.
13-
14.
15-23- 12
Marched to Madisonville, twenty-four miles.
Marched constantly.
Marched to one and one-half miles of Knox-
ville, Tennessee. Marched to Maryville, Tennessee, eighteen
miles. In camp.
Marched to Knoxville. In camp.
Crossed river to Flat creek, fifteen miles. In camp.
Marched to Strawberry Plains, five miles. In camp.
. January, 1864.
In camp, Strawberry Plains.
Marched twelve miles.
Marched to Dandridge, Tennessee.
In line of battle all day; heavy cannonading.
In"1ine of battle.
On march to Strawberry Plains; attacked by
rebel cavalry; repulse them. Crossed Holston river; in camp at Flat creek. Marched five miles and bivouacked. Marched through Knoxville to camp three
miles east of city. In camp.
Marched twelve miles to Pistol creek. Marched to Maryville, Tennessee. In camp Maryville.
February, 1864.
In camp, Maryville.
Marched all night.
Arrived at Knoxville, Tennessee.
In camp; very cold.
178 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
24. Marching to Strawberry Plains.
25-27. In camp.
28. Marched to New Market, ten miles.
29. Marched to Morristown, sixteen miles.
March, 1864.
1. In reserve on picket line.
2. Returning to New Market. 3-1 1 . In camp.
12. Marched to Panther Springs.
13. Marched to Morristown, skirmishing in front.
14. In line of battle, skirmishing all day. 15-17. In camp, Morristown.
18. Marched to New Market.
19. Marched to Strawberry Plains. 20-31. In camp.
April, 1864.
1-6. In camp. Strawberry Plains.
7. Marched to Knoxville, twenty miles.
8. Marched eight miles.
9. Arrived at Lenoir's Station. 10. Marched to Louden.
11-12. In camp. Louden.
13. Marched to Sweetwater.
14. Marched to Athens.
15. Marched to Charleston.
16. Marched to McDonald's Station. 17-28. In camp, McDonald's Station.
29. Marched to Chickamauga Creek, twenty miles.
30. Arrived at Chattanooga, at 8 A. M.
May, 1864. I -3 1. In camp, Chattanooga.
June, 1864.
f-30. In camp, Chattanooga.
ITINERARY. 1 79
July, 1864. I -3 1. In camp, Chattanooga.
August, 1864.
1-13. In camp, Chattanooga.
14. Embarked on train for Dalton, Georgia.
15. BATTLE OF DALTON.
16. In camp at Dalton.
17. Started for Chattanooga by train — road de-
stroyed at Graysville; bivouacked for the night.
18. Embarked on train for Chattanooga. 19-22. In camp, Chattanooga.
23. Embarked on train for Charleston, Tennessee.
24-28. In the field, under Major-General Steedman.
29. Returned to Chattanooga.
30-31. In camp, Chattanooga.
September, 1864.
1. Embarked on train for Murfreesboro, Ten-
nessee.
2. Marched to LaVergne, Tennessee.
3. In camp, LaVergne.
4. Return to Murfreesboro.
5. Embark on cars and go to Huntsville, Ala-
bama.
6. On train, to Decatur and Pulaski.
7. Marched to Athens, Alabama.
8. Inline of battle at 3:30 A. M. ; pickets at-
tacked.
9-12. Skirmishing.
13. Embark on cars for Chattanooga.
14-25. In camp, Chattanooga.
26. Embark on cars for Cumberland tunnel.
27. Arrived at Cumberland tunnel. 28-30. In camp.
i8o
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
October, 1864.
1-25. On guard duty N. & C. Railroad at various points; numerous skirmishes.
26. Arrived at Chattanooga.
27. Embarked on cars for Stevenson, Alabama. 28-31. At Decatur, Alabama, skirmishing daily.
November, 1864.
I- 9. At Decatur, in daily skirmishes.
10. Return to Chattanooga.
1 1-12. In camp.
13. Embark on cars and go to Calhoun, Georgia.
14. Calhoun burned.
15-19. In camp at Tilton. Georgia.
20. Embark on cars and go to Dalton, Georgia.
21. Return to Tilton, to guard men while destroy-
ing the railroad. 22-23. Guarding "destruction train."
24. At Dalton, Georgia.
25. In camp.
26. Return to Chattanooga. 27-28. In camp.
29. Embark on cars, and start west.
30. Arrive at Cowan — Hood's army five miles
away.
December, 1864,
1. Arrive at Nashville, Tennessee.
2. Advance two miles with General Steedman's
division.
3. Fall back to Nashville, and dig rifle pits.
4. In breastworks.
5. At 10 A. M. deployed as skirmishers.
6. On a reconnoissance.
7. In camp.
8. Cold, ground covered with sleet.
ITINERARY,
I«I
9. In camp, cold and windy, sleet.
10. In camp.
11. On picket, Murfreesboro pike; ground cov-
ered with ice.
12. In camp.
13. In line of battle.
14. In camp.
15-16. BATTLE OF NASHVILLE.
17. Pursue the enemy to Franklin, Tennessee.
18. Marched to Triune, in pursuit of enemy.
19. Marched seventeen miles.
20. Arrived at Murfreesboro. 21-23. Arrived at Stevenson, Alabama. 24-25. Near Huntsville, Alabama.
26. On march to Decatur, Alabama.
27. Crossed the river on boat "Chattanooga,"
two miles above Decatur, and engaged tJu enemy, driving him from Decatur.
28. Moved about two miles.
29. On march to Courtland, Alabama.
30. In camp at Courtland.
31. On march to Leighton, Alabama.
January, 1865.
1. Arrived at Leighton, Alabama.
2. Marching and countermarching. 3-5. On march to Decatur, Alabama.
6. Arrived at Decatur; very cold.
7. In camp, Decatur.
8. Marched to Maryville, Alabama. 9-10, On cars en route to Chattanooga.
II. Arrived at Chattanooga at 5 A. M.
12-28. On duty as provost guards.
29. On march to Athens, Tennessee, to repel an
attack on Knoxville railroad.
30. Return to Chattanooga.
31. In camp.
1 82 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
February, 1865.
1-28. Guards to military bridge, Chattanooga. Camp at north end of the bridge. Companies I, G, H and K were detailed as guards to military prison.
March. 1865.
I -3 1. Guards to military bridge, Chattanooga. Camp at north end of bridge.
MEMORANDA.
5. River rising rapidly.
6. Submerged camp of Sixty-eighth Indiana
Volunteers. 9. Returned to camp.
April, 1865.
1-30. Guards to military bridge, Chattanooga. Camp at north end of the bridge.
MEMORANDA.
3. Neivs of the fall of RicJimond, Virginia, and the flight of the rebel president, re- ceived. 9. Neivs of Lee' s surrender received. 14. Netvs of Lincoln s Assassination received. 28. Nezvs of JoJinston s surrender received.
May, 1865.
1-31. Guardingmilitary bridge, Chattanooga. Camp at north end of bridge.
June, 1865.
i-io. Guardingmilitary bridge, Chattanooga. Camp north of the river.
ITINERARY. 1 83
II. Moved camp; crossed the bridge and camped in Chattanooga. 12-16. Making out muster-out rolls; preparing to go home.
17. Farewell address by Governor Steedman;
started for Nashville.
18. Arrived at Nashville at 12 M.
19. Turned over ordnance.
20. Mustered out; start for home.
21-22. Enroute to Indianapolis; arrive at 1 1 A. M. ; furloughed for eight days.
22-29. At home.
30. Returned to Indianapolis; had reception; ad- dressed by Lieutenant-Governor Conrad Baker; paid off and discharged; citizens again.
The period of service from the date of muster-in, August 19, 1862, until discharged at Indianapolis, Indiana, June 30, 1865, was two years, ten months and eleven days.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHATTANOOGA, 1 864-5 BATTLES OF DALTON, DECATUR
AND NASHVILLE.
The garrison of Chattanooga was composed of 7,542 rnen, with an armament as follows:
Fort Creighton : Eight 3-inch Rodman guns, six light i2-pounder guns.
Fort Phelps : Seven 3-inch Rodman guns; three light i2-pounder guns.
Battery McAloon : Four 12-pounder howitzers.
Battery Bushnell : Two 20-pounder Parrott guns, two 3-inch Rodman guns.
Lunette O'Meara : Two 3-pounder Parrott guns, six light 12-pounder guns.
Redoubt Putnam : Two 4|^-inch Rodman guns, four 12-pounder howitzers.
Battery Erwin : Four 3-inch Rodman guns, two 12- pounder howitzers.
Battery Jones: One 20-pounder Parrott gun, two 12- pounder howitzers, three light 12-pounder guns.
Fort Lytle : Three 20-pounder Parrott guns, two light 12-pounder guns.
Fort Crutchfield : One 4^-inch Rodman gun, two light 12-pounder guns.
Fort Mihalotzy : Four 4i-inch Rodman guns, four 3-inch Rodman guns.
Redoubt Coolidge : Two 3-inch Rodman guns, two 12-pounder howitzers.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 — DALTON. I 85
Cameron Hill : Four lOO-pounder Parrott guns.
Redoubt Carpenter : Two lOO-pounder Parrott guns, two 3-inch Rodman guns, two light 12-pounder guns.
The duties of the garrison were to guard railroad trains with supplies to the front, protect communications from the attacks of the enemy, and guard large herds or droves of beef cattle, often numbering as many as three thousand, to the front. A picket line was maintained from the river above to the river below town, a front of over four miles. This required a heavy force daily. A strong guard was kept over the stores of ammunition, and clothing, and rations accumulated for the use of the army on its cam- paign against Atlanta.
On Sunday, August 14, 1864, the following was received from Dalton, Georgia, by Major-General Steedman:
Wheeler has demanded surrender of this post. Send re-enforce- ments. B. Laiboldt, Colonel commanding.
The commander of the post of Chattanooga ordered the Twenty-ninth, Fifty-first, and Si.xty-eighth Indiana, Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania. One Hundred and Eighth Ohio, and Fourteenth United States Colored Regiments to proceed without delay by rail to Dalton. The Sixty-eighth Indiana, Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania and One Hundred and Eighth Ohio Regiments were placed under the command of Colonel William Sirwell. of the Seventy-eighth Pennsyl- vania, with instructions to move forward on Dalton as rap- idly as possible. At Tunnel Hill, about six miles from Dalton, the troops got off the cars, and marched over Tunnel Hill and thence along the railroad for about three miles with skirmishers and advance guard in front. It was now about 2 A. M. The command halted and remained in line of battle until daylight, when an advance was ordered by General Steedman. Colonel Sirwell threw forward an advance guard, and two companies (E, of the Sixty-eighth Indiana, and one from Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania) as
1 86 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
skirmishers, under command of Captain Bryant, of the Six- ty-eighth Indiana, which, advancing on right of the line, soon reached the rebel videttes. The Seventy-eighth Penn- sylvania was deployed as skirmishers and sent forward to press the enemy as hard as they could. The Sixty-eighth Indiana and One Hundred and Eighth Ohio Regiments were placed in line of battle on the right hand side of the road. The Fourteenth United States Colored Troops was placed in position on the left with one company in front as skirmishers. The troops moved forward, meeting the enemy in force, about three thousand men, driving him for over two miles (Martin's division. General Wheeler present, was completely routed) and through the town of Dalton. It was a spirited engagement in which the enemy were severely punished, leaving on the field thirty-three killed and tifty-seven badly wounded. Union loss, sixty-three — force engaged, 1.800. The Sixty-eighth Indiana lost one commissioned officer — Captain Charles C. Wheeler. Com- pany B, killed — one enlisted man, Lewis Raymond, Com- pany H, killed, and four wounded, three of them severel}'. This movement relieved the troops of Colonel Laiboldt in the fort, and prevented the destruction of the railroad.
An incident connected with this engagement that will be recalled readily by those present was the heavy fall of rain during the battle.
Our troops returned to Chattanooga, leaving the Sixty- eighth Indiana at Dalton until the 17th, when it em- barked on the cars for Chattanooga. At Graysville the track was found destroyed and the regiment got off the cars and bivouacked for the night, and the following morn- ing got on the cars and returned to Chattanooga. On the 23rd the regiment again embarked with a large force of troops on cars for Charleston, on the East Tennessee rail- road, to meet the rebel general, Wheeler, who was threat- ening the road at that point. This force was in command of Major-General Steedman. Wheeler avoided battle and
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 — DECHERD. I 87
with a force of about 6,000 men moved by the way of Sparta, and on September i appeared near Murfreesboro, threatening the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad at that point and vicinity, and on the 3rd was within seven miles of Nashville, where he damaged the railroad badly. On September i the Sixty-eighth Indiana embarked with a heavy force on the cars for Murfreesboro. commanded by General Steedman, who, upon arriving at Stevenson, Ala- bama, telegraphed to General Rosseau, in command at Nashville, "Am here with 3,000 infantry; will reach you as soon as possible. Telegraph to me at Tullahoma. " This was the most spirited of the many attempts of the rebel general, Wheeler, to destroy the communications of our army, but ended in almost total failure to accomplish the object of his raid. On September 3 Steedman's troops formed in line of battle near Lavergne, and advanced against Wheeler, driving him about two miles. The Sixty- eighth Indiana returned to Chattanooga on September 13, having been at Huntsville and Athens, Alabama, for sev- eral days. On this excursion the regiment traveled seven hundred miles.
On September 27 the regiment again embarked on cars at Chattanooga to protect the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad, at that time threatened by the rebel general, Forrest, who was approaching it from the south. We arrived at Decherd on the 27th and went into quarters in the shanties around the fort. An attack by Forrest at this point was expected, and our troops remained in camp with accoutrements on and ready for an attack. On the 29th were ordered to the Cumberland tunnel, where we re- mained until October 4, when we returned to our former quarters at Dechard, where we got orders to remain on garrison duty, and our baggage was ordered up from Chattanooga, arriving on October 11. Company A was detailed to operate a saw mill at Winchester, and contin- ued on that duty until October 20, when it rejoined the
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
regiment at Decherd, which moved by rail to Bridgeport that date, where it remained until the 26th, when it was relieved by the Fifty-first Indiana, and returned by rail to Chattanooga. Captain H. D. Moore, of Company K, was in command the greater part of the time while the regi- ment was at Decherd. There was a detachment of the Fifth Tennessee Cavalry under command of Captain Shipp on duty at Decherd at the time Captain Moore was in command. Some exciting incidents occurred during our stay at that place. On October 13 a detachment of fifty men of our regiment and twenty men of the Fifth Tennes- see Cavalry under command of Captain Moore went on a scout in search of guerrillas, mostly deserters from the rebel army, which infested the country. On the 14th inst. this detachment, while on march to Larkin's Cove, about 8 A. M. came upon a house, and the cavalry made a dash, capturing three horses, one cartridge box, and a well worn hat. The guerrillas were at breakfast, but escaped by a rear door and lively sprinting to the mourttains. Going about five miles further our cavalry captured a guerrilla, a noted desperado named "Bill Ivory," taking him from a wagon and shooting him to death. The detachment then countermarched and went into camp in the dooryard of a wealthy rebel sympathizer, from whom it took enough chickens and sweet potatoes to make a square meal. The detachment of Fifth Tennessee Cavalry under command of Captain Shipp was a tough lot of dare devil outlaws. On the 1 6th one of them shot a negro to get a change of clothing, the negro having a better suit than that worn by the outlaw, and as he was attempting to escape was shot to death by a member of Company K, Sixty-eighth Indiana. The regiment remained in camp at Chattanooga only 12 hours when, at i A. M., October 27, it was ordered to march in light order, with three days' rations and 60 rounds of cartridges to the man, and at 10 A. M. was on board cars en route for Decatur, Alabama, to join a force to resist
CAPTAIN HANSON D. MOORE.
CHATTANOOGA. I 864-5 — DECATUR - NASH VILLE. I 89
the advance of tlie rebel army under (jeneral Hood, about 40,000 stronjj. Arriving at Decatur at 2 A. M., October 28. it moved across the river and into the breastworks, when Companies A, C and K were placed on duty, and the others lay down to get much needed rest. At daylight the reginient sent out skirmishers, who were soon engaged with the enemy, and firing, supported by artillery, was kept up all day and a number of prisoners taken, the Sixty- eighth capturing 27, including one lieutenant. The troops were constantly under arms and on picket line engaged with the enemy until November 9, when it became known that Hood had abandoned his intention of crossing the river at that point and had moved west on south side of the Ten- nesse river, to a point opposite Florence, and the Sixty-eighth was ordered to return to Chattanooga, where it arrived on November 10 in time to sign pay rolls, and on the 12th received pay to August 30, 1864. and marching orders, and at 7 A. M. on r^th was aboard cars on Chattanooga & Atlanta Railroad, arriving at Calhoun, Georgia, about dark. It remained near the depot until the following morning, when the town was destroyed by fire, and the regiment at i P. M. started for Tilton. Georgia, where it remained in quarters until the 20th, when it went to Dal- ton. returning on the 21st to Tilton. to guard men who were destroying the railroad preparatory to Sherman's march from Atlanta. A train with a large force was at work and our regiment guarded it for several miles north, and on the 24th went into quarters at Dalton, remaining there until the 26th, when it returned to Chattanooga, and on the 27th received marching orders, and on the 29th embarked on cars with force of about 5,000 men under General Steedman and were soon under way for Nashville, Tennessee, where we arrived on December i at 5 P. M., and on the next day, by order of Major-General Thomas, the force of General Steedman, including the Sixty-eighth
I go SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana, went into position, crossing the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, on the Rain's farm.
On the 3d, by order of General Thomas, the troops of General Steedman were withdrawn from this position and placed on line nearer the city of Nashville, near the house of Major Lewis. This position was strongly forti- fied by our troops, and held until withdrav/n to take part in the battle of December 15. December 5 and 7 the Sixty-eighth Indiana, with the Sixth Indiana Cavalry (dis- mounted) and a brigade of colored troops under command of Colonel Thomas J. Morgan, went on a reconnaissance, to develop the position of the enemy in front of General Steedman's position. This force on both days drove the enemy from near the Rains farm, the Sixty-eighth taking seventeen prisoners on the 5th. On the eighth it rained, forming a heavy sleet, followed by snow, and on the i ith the ground was covered with ice, the weather very cold, which condition prevailed until the 14th, when the weather moderated, and by the morning of the 15th the ice having thawed sufficiently to enable men and animals to move, an attack was made upon the enemy. The Sixty-eighth Indiana was in brigade with Eighteenth Ohio and the Sec- ond Battalion, Fourteenth Army Corps, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles H. Grosvenor, of the Eighteenth Ohio. This brigade and a brigade of colored troops under command of Colonel Thomas J. Morgan at- tacked the enemy's right at Ridder's Hill, between the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad and the Murfreesboro turnpike, driving in pickets, and assaulting the line of works, a portion of which were carried, but being exposed to a close and destructive fire was withdrawn, and immediately re-formed for an attack on a force of the enemy in earth works east of and near the Rain's house, which was made about II A. M., resulting in the capture of the works, and the Rain's house, which were held until the next morning. A portion of this command suffered severely. In the
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MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES B. STEEDMAN, U. S. V.
CHATTANOOGA, F 864-5 — NASHVILLE. 191
early morning, General Steedman, finding that the enemy had evacuated that part of the line on his front, pushed his troops rapidly on the Nolensville pike, driving the enemy's cavalry, and took up a position on the left of the Fourth Corps, commanded by General Thomas J. Wood, covering the entire left of the Union line. At i P. M. General Steedman 's troops, with those of General Wood, assaulted the enemy, who were strongly fortified on Over- ton's Hill. General Steedman,^ in referring to this assault, says:
In this assault, although unsuccessful, the troops engaged— two bri- gades of General Wood's, an 1 Colonel Thompson's brigade of colored troops and Lieutenant-Colonel Grosvenor's brigade from my command — exhibited courage and steadiness that challenged the admiration of all who witnessed the charge. The concentrated fire of musketry and can- ister from the enemy's works forced them back, with severe loss.
Immediately following this assault by Generals Steed- man and Wood, the commands of Generals Smith and Schofield and General Wilson's cavalry (dismounted) moved against the enemy's works in their front. Generals Smith and SchoJield carrying them and breaking his lines in many places, and capturing all the artillery in their front, and thousands of prisoners; and General Wilson, striking him in reverse, gained the Granny White pike, cutting off his retreat by that route. Steedman's and Wood's troops by this time renewed the assault on the enemy's right at Overton's Hill, which was met by a heavy fire, but the charge was successful, the enemy flying in confusion, leav- ing his artillery and many prisoners in the hands of the victors. The enemy was closely pursued until darkness closed the day's work, when our troops (Steedman's) biv- ouacked near Brentwood. The pursuit was continued on the 17th until dark and again renewed on the 'i 8th. On the 17th Steedman's troops moved from Brentwood on the Wilson pike to a point about four miles south of Brent- wood, thence to Franklin where they bivouacked for the
1 — Vol. 45, part 1, War Records, page 505.
192 SIXTY EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
night and on the i8th nicjved across the river about three miles beyond Franklin, when they returned to Franklin and marched to Murfreesboro to go by rail to Decatur, but owing to delay on the part of the railroad authorities, did not get started until the 22d, and rraching the mouth of Limestone river on the 26th, found rations which had been forwarded from Chattanooga for the command. On December 27 moved down the river to a point three miles above Decatur, where a landing was made, and preparations made to cross a lagoon. The weather was cold and the water was covered with thin ice. The Sixty-eighth was ordered to wade the lagoon, which was done by stripping off clothing and carrying it in a bundle on the point of the bayonet. While crossing, a member of Company G stumbled and falling, dropped his clothing and could not recover it, and upon landing, reported to Captain Claypool, who informed him that he was sorry for him but had no clothing for him, and knew of no clothing store in that vicinity, and he would have to get along as well as he could. This soldier clad in nature's garb, without even so much as a tig leaf, remained with the command, but the following morning he reported to his captain prop- erly clad in the uniform of the United States. Upon inquiry it developed that he had, during the night, borrowed an outfit from a sleeping soldier of the Sixty- eighth New York. If ever petit larceny was justifiable that was an occasion for clemency.
On the 28th our command moved out about three mdes on the road to Courtland, and on the 29th went into camp about 5 P. M. about four miles from Courtland. On the 30th moved to Courtland and went into camp on south side of the town on Big Nance creek, the cavalry going on to Leighton, thirteen miles west of Courtland. The cavalry imder command of Colonel Palmer of the Fifteenth Penn- sylvania Cavalry, destroyed Hood's pontoon train and a supply train of i 10 wagons. In this expedition Colonel
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 NASHVILLE. IpJ
Palmer's command destroyed nearly 400 waggons, captured a large supply of arms, two pieces of artillery, about 200 mules, and many prisoners, including 13 commissioned offi- cers. The Sixty-eighth was in support of Colonel Pal- mer's cavalry. On January 4 General Steedman returned to Chattanooga on transports with the artillery and sick of his command, leaving General Cruft to return with the infantry by rail. Ths Sixty-eighth Indiana at M irysville on January 9 shipped by rail for Chattanooga, arriving on the I I th at 5 A. M.
The battle of Nashville was the most complete vic- tory for the Union arms achieved during the war, the army of General Hood, which on November 21 amounted to 34,785 men, as reported by the rebel general, Beauregard, commanding Military Division of the West, being crushed and almost annihilated — in the words of General Thomas, "finally sent fiying, dismayed and disordered, whence it came, impelled by the instinct of self preservation" — with a loss of 13,189 prisoners, including 7 general officers, and nearly i.ooo other officers of all grades, 72 pieces of ser- viceable artillery, and over 8,000 killed and wounded, including 12 general officers, from November 29. to De- cember 20, 1864. The destruction of Hood's army was a crushing blow to the Confederate government.
On December 1, 1864, Lieutenant-General Grant was at City Point, Virginia, with an army greatly superior in numbers and equipment to that of his adversary. G^meral Lee, whose army numbered about 57, 120' of all arms pres- ent for duty. Sherman was on his march to the sea with the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twentieth Army Corps, and one division of cavalry under command of Kilpatrick, a total effective force of all arms of 62.204^ men. of whom General Sherman in his memoirs says :
The most extraordinary efforts had been made to purge this army of non-combatants and sick men, for we knew well that there was to be no
1— Vol. <2, Part 3, War Records, pp. 1236-7. 2— Sherman's Memoirs, Vol. 2, p. 172. 13
194 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V, I.
place of safety save with the army itself; our wagons were loaded with ammunition, provisions and forage, and we could ill afford to haul even sick men in the ambulances, so that all on this exhibit may be assumed to have been able bodied, experienced soldiers ; well armed, well equipped and provided, as far as human foresight could, with all the essentials of life, strength and vigorous action.
We here have the strange spectacle of two great armies, Sherman's and Hood's, marching in opposite directions, after a six-months ineffectual struggle to destroy each other. General Thomas was assigned to the duty of meeting Hood's army, and given the Fourth and Twenty-third Army Corps, about 20,000 men, partially supplied with transportation, as a nucleus for an army, to be organized from quartermaster's employes, dismounted cavalry, and raw troops coming for- ward to take the places of veterans being discharged, to confront the veterans of Hood's army.
About December i, General Grant at City Point became solicitous about the movements of Hood's army, which had just suffered a reverse at Franklin, but was threatening Nashville and an invasion of Kentucky, and in his anxiety sent the following dispatch:
City Point, Va., December 2, 1864—10 P. M. (Received 10:45 P. M.) Maj.-Gen. H. W. Halleck,!
Washmgton, D. C: Is it not possible now to send re-enforcements to Thomas from Hooker's department? If there are new troops, organized State militia, or anything that can go, now is the time to annihilate Hood's army. Gov- ernor Bramlette might put from 5,000 to 10,000 horsemen into the field to serve only to the end of the campaign. I believe if he was asked he would do so. U. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General.
followed by one to General Thomas as follows:
City Point, Va., December 2, 1864—1:30 P. M. Major-General Thomas, 2
Nashville, Tennessee: With your citizen employes armed, you can move out of Nashville with all your army and force the enemy to retire or fight upon ground of
1— Vol. 46. part 2, War Records, page 16. 2— Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page IT .
IRA McILLVAIN, Company I.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 — NASHVILLE. 195
your own choosing. After the repulse of Hood at Frankhn, it looks to me that instead of falling back to Nashville, we should have taken the offensive against the enemy where he was. At this distance, however, I may err as to the best method of dealing with the enemy. You will suffer incalcuable injury upon your railroads, if Hood is not speedily disposed of. Put forth, therefore, every possible exertion to attain this end. Should you get him to retreating, give him no peace.
U. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General.
To which General Thomas replied as follows:
Nashville, December 2, 1864, 10 P. M. Received 1:15 A. M. 3d. Lieut. -Gen. U. S. Grant, 1
City Point: Your two telegrams of 11 A. M. and 1:30 P. M. to-day are received. At the time that Hood was whipped at Franklin, I had at this place but about 5,000 men of General Smith's command, which added to the force under General Schotield would not have given me more than 25,000 men; besides, General Schofield felt convinced that he could not hold the enemy at Franklin until the 5,000 could reach him. As General Wilson's cavalry force also numbered only about one-fourth that of For- rest's, I thought it best to draw the troops back to Nashville and wait the arrival of the remainder of General Smith's force, and also a force of about 5,000 commanded by Major-General Steedman, which I had or- dered up from Chattanooga, The division of General Smith arrived yesterday morning, and General Steedman's troops arrived last night. I now have infantry enough to assume the offensive, if I had more cav- alry, and will take the field anyhow as soon as the remainder of General McCook's division of cavalry reaches here, which I hope it will do in two or three days. We can neither get re-enforcements or equipments at this great distance from the north very easily; and it must be remem- bered that my command was made up of the two weakest corps of Gen- eral Sherman's army and all the dismounted cavalry e.xcept one brigade, and the task of reorganizing and equipping has met with many delays, which have enabled Hood to take advantage of my crippled condition. I earnestly hope, however, that in a few more days I shall be able to give him a fight. George H. Thomas,
Major-General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding.
Hood's success would have made Sherman's march to the sea the greatest military blunder of the century, hence the anxiety of General Grant, who had approved it, to checkmate General Hood in his attempted invasion.
1— Vol' lb, part 2, War Records, pp. 17-18.
196 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. I. V. I.
General Halleck replying to dispatch of General Grant of December 2, lO- P. M., said:
Washington, December 3, 1864, 2 P. M.
Lieutenant-General Grant,*
City Point, Va.: Every available man from Hooker's and other western depart- ments have been sent to General Thomas. Hooker is already calling for more troops to be sent to him, to guard his prisoners, and General Fry is gettmg all he can from the hospitals. Thomas was authorized some time ago to call on the Governor of any Western State for militia, if he wanted them. He himself says that no more troops should be sent from Kentucky. Loyal Kentuckians say that if Bramlette's militia are armed, a large portion of them will join the rebels. All cavalry horses that could be procured in the Western States have been sent to Nash- ville, to the entire neglect of other departments. I believe that every possible effort has been made to supply General Thomas' demands and wants, so far as the means at the disposition of the Government permit- ted. General A. J. Smith's command was thirty-one days, after General Rosecrans received the orders, in reaching Nashville.
H. W. Halleck, Major-Ceneral and Chief of Staff.
The anxiety of General Grant was not allayed, as shown by the following dispatch:
City Point, Va., December 8, 1864, 4 P. M. (Received 5:30 P. M.) Major-General Halleck,2
Washington: Please direct General Dodge to send all the troops he can spare to General Thomas. With such an order he may be relied on to =end all that can properly go. They had probably better be sent to Louis- ville, for I fear either Hood or Breckinridge will get to the Ohio river. I will submit whether it is not advisable to call on Ohio, Indiana and Illinois for 60,000 men for thirty days. If Thomas has not struck yet, he ought to be ordered to hand over his command to Schofiield. There is no better man to repel an attack than Thomas, but I fear he is too cau- tious to ever take the initiative. u. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General.
Answered by General Halleck as follows:
1 — VoL 45, part 2, War Records, page 28. 2 — Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page 90.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-4 — NASHVILLE. 1 97
Washington, D. C, December 8, 1864, 9 P. M,
Lieutenant-General Grant, 1
City Point: If you wish General Thomas relieved from [command], give the order. No one here will, I think, interfere. The responsibility, how- ever, will be yours, as no one here, so far as I am informed, wishes Gen- eral Thomas' removal. H. W. Halleck,
Major-General and Chief of Staff.
At the time General Grant sent this dispatch to Gen- eral Halleck a heavy storm of sleet was prevailing at Nash- ville, covering the ground with ice, rendering a movement by either army a physical impossibility. The ground was covered with ice from the 9th until the 14th, when it thawed out.
On the 9th General Grant directed that General Thomas be relieved from command, as shown by the fol- lowing:
City Point, Va., December 9, 1864—11 A. M. ' (Received 1:45 P. M.) Maior-General Halleck,'-'
Washington, D. C: Dispatch of 8ft M. last evening from Nashville shows the enemy scattered for more than seventy miles down the river, and no attack yet made by Thomas. Please telegraph orders relieving him at once and placing Schofield in command. Thomas should be directed to turn over all orders and dispatches received since the battle of Franklin to Scho- tield. U. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General.
whereupon General Halleck telegraphed to General Thomas and received the following:
Nashville, Tenn., December 9, 1864—2 P. M. Major-General H. W. Halleck. ^
Washington, D. C:
Your dispatch of 10:30 A. M. this date is received. I regret that
General Grant should feel dissatisfaction at my delay in attacking the
enemy. I feel conscious that I have done everything in my power to
prepare, and that the troops could not have been gotten ready before
1— Vol. 45, part 2; War Records, page 96. 2— Vol. *5, part 2, War Records, page 115. 3— Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page 114.
198 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
this, and if he should order me to be relieved I will submit without a murmur. A terrible storm of freezing rain has come on since daylight, which will render an attack impossible until it breaks.
Geo. H. Thomas, Maior-General U. S. Volunteers, Commanding.
which was forwarded by General Halleck to General Grant at City Point, and General Grant said to General Thomas:
City Point, Va., December 9, 1864—7:30 P. M. Major-General Thomas,'
Nashville, Tenn.: Your dispatch of 1 P. M. received. I have as much confidence in your conducting a battle rightly as I have in any other officer; but it has seemed to me that you have been slow, and I have had no explanation of affairs to convince me otherwise. Receiving your dispatch of 2 P. M. from General Halleck, before I did the one to me, I telegraphed to sus- pend the order relieving you until we should hear further. I hope most sincerely that there will be no necessity of repeating the orders, and that the facts will show that you have been right all the time.
U. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General.
General Thomas answered as follows:
Nashville, December 9, 1864—11:30 P. M. (Received 10th.) Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant,'-
City Point, Va.: Your dispatch 7:30 P. M. is just received. I can only say in further explanation why I have not attacked Hood that I could not concentrate my troops and get their transportation in order in shorter time than it has been done, and am satisfied I have made every effort that was pos- sible to complete the task. Geo. H. Thomas,
Major-General, U. S. Volunteers, Comdg.
On the nth General Grant telegraphed to General
Thomas : ^
City Point, Va., December 11, 1864—4 P. M.
Major General Thomas,
Nashville, Tenn.: If you delay attack longer the mortifying spectacle will be witnessed of a rebel army moving for the Ohio river, and you will be forced to act
1— Vol. 46, part 2, War Records, page 115. 2 -Vol. 45, part :J, War Records, page 115. 3 — Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page 143.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864- 5 — NASHVILLE. I 99
accepting such weather as you find. Let there be no further delay Hood cannot stand even a drawn battle so far from his supplies or ord- nance stores. If he retreats and you follow, he must lose his material and much of his army. I am in hopes of receiving a dispatch from you to-day announcing that you have moved. Delay no longer for weather or re-enforcements. U. S. Grant,
Lieutenant-Genera 1.
and received in reply the following :
Nashville, December 11, 1864-10 30 P. M. Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant,'
City Point : Your dispatch of 4 P. M. this day is just received. I will obey the order as promptly as possible, however much I may regret it, as the at- tack will have to be made under every disadvantage. The whole country is covered with a perfect sheet of ice and sleet, and it is with difficulty the troops are able to move about on level ground. It was my intention to attack Hood as soon as the ice melted, and would have done so yesterday had it not been for the storm.
Geo. H. Thomas, Major-General U. S. A'olunteers, Commanding.
On the 1 2th General Thomas sent to General Hal- leck the following :
Nashville, Tenn., December 12, 1864—10.30 P. M.
Maj. -General H. W. Halleck,^
Washington, D. C. I have the troops ready to make the attack on the enemy as soon as the sleet, which now covers the ground, has melted sufficiently to enable the men to march. As the whole country is now covered with a sheet of ice so hard and slippery it is utterly impossible for troops to ascend the slopes, or even move over level ground in anything like order. It has taken the entire day to place my cavalry in position, and it has only been finally effected with imminent risk and many serious accidents, result- ing from the number of horses falling with their riders on the roads. Under these circumstances I believe an attack at this time would only
result in a useless sacrifice of life.
Geo. H. Thomas.
Major-General U. S. Volunteers, Commanding, followed on the 13th by the following:
1 — Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page 148. 2 — Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page 155.
200 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V, I.
Nashville, Tenn., December 13, 1864, 9 P. M. (Received 8 A. M., 14th.) Maj.-Gen. H. W. Hallecri, *
Washington, D. C: There is no change in the enemy's position in my front to-day. At length there are indications of a favorable change in the weather, and as soon as there is I shall move against the enemy, as everything is ready and prepared to assume the offensive. I have heard from Clarksville to-day, the wires being in working order to that place. Two gun-boats and a transport had arrived there from below, and report that the rebel general Lyon's means of recrossing the Cumberland were destroyed. I have ample force in pursuit of him to effectually destroy him, and I have no apprehension about the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. The Cum- berland river is contsantly patrolled as high up as Carthage, and there is no evidence of the presence of the enemy in that direction. I am in hopes of a sufficient rise in the river to enable me to use the gun-boats in reopening the Cumberland as far as Nashville
George H. Thomas, Major-General U. S. V^:)lunteers, Commanding.
and on the 14th as follows:
Nashville, Tenn., December 14, 1864, 8 P. M. Major-General H. W. Halleck,^
Washington, D. C: Your telegram of 12:30 P. M. to-day is received. The ice having melted away to-day, the enemy will be attacked to-morrow morning. Much as I regret the apparent delay in attacking the enemy, it could not have been done before with any reasonable hope of success.
George H. Thomas, Major-General U. S. Volunteers, Commanding.
On the i6th General Thomas^ sent the following:
Headquarters Department of the Cumberland,
Eight Miles from Nashville, Dec. 16, 1864, 6 P. M. (Received Washington, 5:30 A. M., 17th.) The President of the LInited States, ^ Hon. E. M. Stanton, Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant, and Governor Andrew Johnson, Nashville:
This army thanks you for your approbation of its conduct yester- day, and to assure you that it is not misplaced. I have the honor to
1— Vol 45, part 2, War Records, page KiS. 2— Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page ISO. 3 — Vol. 45, part 2, War Records, page 210.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 — NASHVILLE. 20I
report that the enemy has been pressed at all points to-day on his line of retreat to the Brentwood Hills and Brigadier General Hatch, of Wilson's corps of cavalry, on the right, turned the enemy's left, and captured a large number of prisoners, number not yet reported. Major General Schofield's troops, next on the left of the cavalry, carried several heights, captured many prisoners and six pieces of artillery. Brevet Major- General Smith, next on left of Major-General Schofield, carried the salient point of the enemy's line with McVIiUen's brigade, of McArthur's division, capturmg 16 pieces of artillery, two brigadier-generals, and about 2,000 prisoners. Brigadier-General Garrard's division, of Smith's command, next on the left of McArthur's division, carried the enemy's intrenchments, capturing all the artillery and troops of the enemy on the line. Brigadier-General Wood's corps, on the Fraiklin pike, took up the assault, carrying the enemy's intrenchments in his front, captured eight pieces of artillery, something over 600 prisoners and drove the enemy within one mile of the Brentwood Pass. Major-General Steedman, commanding detachments of the different armies of the Military Divi- sion of the Mississippi, most nooly supported General Wood's left, and bore a most honorable part in the operations of the day. I have ordered the pursuit to be continued in the morning at daylight, although the troops are very much fatigued. The greatest enthusiasm prevails. I must not forget to report the operations of Brigadier-General Johnson, in successfully driving the enemy, with the co-operation of the gun-boats, under Lieutenant-Commander Fitch, from their established batteries on the Cumberland river, below the city of Nashville, and of the services of Brigadier-General Croxton's brigade, in covering and relieving our right and rear intheoperationsof yesterday and to-day. Although I have no re- port of the number of prisoners captured by Johnson's and Croxton's com- mands, I know they have made a large number. I am glad to be able to state that the number of prisoners captured yesterday greatly exceeds the number reported by me last evening. The woods, fields and intrench- ments are strewn with the enemy's small arms, abandoned in their re- treat. In conclusion, I am happy to state that all this has been effected with but a very small loss to us. Our loss does not probably exceed 3,000; very few killed. Geo. H. Thomas,
Major-General U. S. Volunteers, Commanding.
On December 21 General Halleck sent the following:
Washington, December 21, 1864—12 M. (Via Nashville, Tenn.) Major-General Thomas:^
Permit me. General, to urge the vast importance of a hot pursuit of Hood's army. Every possible sacrifice should be made, and your men for a few days will submit to any hardship and privation to accom-
1 — Vol. 45, part 2, War Eecords, page 295.
202 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
plish the great result. If you can capture or destroy Hood's army, Sher- man can entirely crush out the rebel military force in all the Southern states. He begins a new campaign about the 1st of January, which will have the most important results, if Hood's army can now be used up. A most vigorous pursuit on your part is therefore of vital importance to Sherman's plans. No sacrifice must be spared to attain so important ^" object- H. W. Halleck,
Major-General and Chief of Staff.
The reader's attention is invited to the reply of Gen- eral Thomas:
Headquarters Department of the Cumberland, In the Field, December 21, 1864. Major-General H. W. Halleck, *
Washington, D. C. Your dispatch of 12 M. this day is received. General Hood's army is being pursued as rapidly and as vigorously as it is possible for one army to pursue another. We cannot control the elements, and, you must remember, that to resist Hood's advance into Tennessee I had to reorganize and almost thoroughly equip the force now under my com- mand. I fought the battles of the 15th and 16th instant with the troops but partially equipped, and, notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather and the partial equipment, have been enabled to drive the ene- my beyond Duck river, crossing two streams with my troops, and driv- ing the enemy from position to position, without the aid of pontoons, and with but little transportation to bring up supplies of provisions and am- munition. I am doing all in my power to crush Hood's army, and, if it be possible, will destroy it; but pursuing an enemy through an exhausted country, over mud roads, completely sogged with heavy rains, is no child's play, and cannot be accomplished as quickly as thought of. I hope, in urging me to push the enemy, the Department remembers that General Sherman took with him the complete organizations of the Mili- tary Division of the Mississippi, well equipped in every respect as regards ammujiition, supplies and transportation, leaving me only twa corps, partially stripped of their transportation to accommodate the force taken with him, to oppose the advance into Tennessee of that army which had resisted the advance of the Army of the Military Division of the Mississippi on Atlanta, from the commencement of the campaign until its close, and which is now, in addition, aided by Forrest's cavalry. Although my progress may appear clow, I feel assured that Hood's army can be driven from Tennessee, and eventually driven to the wall, by the force under my command; but too much must not be expected of troops which have to be reorganized, especially when they have the task of destroying a force in a winter campaign which was able to make an
1 — Vol. 45. part 2, War Records, page 203.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 NASHVILLE. 203
obstinate resistance to twice its numbers in spring and summer. In con- clusion I can safelv state that this army is wiUing to submit to any sac- rifice to oust Hood's army, or to strike any other blow which would con- tribute to the destruction of the rebellion.
George H. Thomas,
Major-General.
This dispatch of General Thomas is a concise state- ment of facts, a graphic history of his campaign from the time General Sherman started on his march to the sea, to the close of the battle of Nashville, the last great victory, practically closing the war in the West. General Sherman closed his "march to the sea" on December 21 with the capture of Savannah. In this campaign his losses were: Killed 108, wounded 428, missing 278, total, 814. He captured of the enemy, 'j'] commissioned officers and 1,261 enlisted men, total 1,338. His losses were not incurred in battle, but in foraging for use of army; and looting money, jewelry, silverware, books, and all kinds of personal prop- erty from the inhabitants along the route of the army. The burning of Atlanta, Millidgeville and Columbia, and the homes of the people in the campaign through Georgia and the Carolinas, was cruel in the extreme, and these acts of pillage and arson of property of non-combatants brought opprobrium upon the soldiers, instead of the commanding general who approved these acts.
General Sherman at Savannah, December 24, 1864, in a letter to General Halleck,^ says: "When I move, the Fifteenth Corps will be on the right wing, and their posi- tion will bring them, naturally, into Charleston first; and if you have watched the history of that corps you will have remarked that they generally do their work up pretty well. The truth is the whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina. I almost tremble at her fate, but feel that she deserves all that is in store for her. Many and many a person in Georgia asked me why we did not go to South Carolina, and when I
1 — Vol. 44, War Records, page 799.
204 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
answered that I was en route for that State the invariable reply was, ' Well, if you will make those people feel the severities of war, we will pardon you for your desolation of Georgia,' " and in a letter to General Grant, ^ January 29, 1865, says: 'Of course the enemy will carry off and destroy some forage, but I will burn the houses when the people burn forage, and they will get tired of that." On reaching Fayetteville, North Carolina, he wrote to General Terry:'- "The people of South Carolina instead of feeding Lee's army, will now call upon General Lee to feed them," thus exalting over the devastation of private property. The excesses of "Sherman's army" are cited by foreign powers to show that the cruel acts of their armies are mild in comparison — the latest reference being that of Mr. Chamberlain, Premier of England, who, speaking of the burning of buildings, and destruction of private property of the Boers in the South African war, says it is not as bad as the acts of Sherman's army in the war of the Rebellion.
The conduct of this army in Georgia and the Carolinas, details of which are often recited by the soldiers at re-unions and campfires, cannot be justified. It is the chief thing in the history of the war for the preservation of the union that casts a stain upon the fair fame of our civilization.
Van Home in his history of the Army of the Cumber- land, Volume 2, page 312, speaking of the vandalic acts of Sherman's army, says:
The march through South Carolina had left a track of desolation more than forty miles wide. That State's special guilt in taking the initiative in secessions was assumed by officers and men as the justifica- tion of its devastation. As many of the Southern people, who were orig- inally opposed to secession, blamed South Carolina for precipitating the movement, and, having themselves experienced the terrible retributions of the war which resulted, desired that South Carolina should feel war's heavy hand before peace should come, it was not strange that the National troops, in marching through the State which originally suggested secession and studiously endeavored to induce the Southern States to withdraw from the Union, should leave behind them the fearful evidence
1 — Vol. 47, part 2, War Records, page 15B. 2— Vol. 47, part 2, War Records, page 803.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 — GUARD DUTY. 205
of vengeance achieved. But it is easier for the veterans of the war to find justification for sweeping desolation in their own feelings, than it is for others to find grounds for its historical vindication.
On January 12, the next day after its return from the mid-winter campaign against Hood's army, the Sixty-eighth Indiana was placed on provost duty in Chattanooga, remain- ing on that duty until the 29th. when it marched to Athens, Tennessee, to repel a threatened attack on the Chattanooga & Knoxville Railroad, but not finding the enemy it was relieved and returned to Chattanooga by rail, arriving on January 3 i at 1 1 P. M. On this trip the train was derailed, killing one man and injuring several.
On February i the regiment was assigned to the duty of guarding the military bridge across the Tennessee at Chattanooga, and established a camp at the north end of the bridge (a view of this camp and the bridge is shown by an engraving in this book) and remained there until the loth day ol June, 1865, when it crossed the river and encamped in Chattanooga. On February 3, Companies I, G, H and K were detailed to duty as guards for the Military prison in Chattanooga. These duties were important. Oh March 5 the river rose rapidly and soon submerged the camp of our regiment on the north bank, driving the men to higher quarters where they remained until the 9th waiting for the freshet to abate that they might return to camp. During that period the regiment was without shelter. On June 9th a warehouse with a tarpaulin roof, in the city near a rail- road on the south bank of river near the bridge, in which was stored a large lot of condemned powder in barrels, and mixed ammunition, caught fire from a locomotive. This made a lively fire and for a time was exciting. Shells exploded, some of the pieces striking the bridge, but with- out serious damage. The Sixty-eighth Indiana assisted in putting out this fire, and protecting buildings in the vicinity. This duty was perilous. The arsenal containing the reserve ammunition for Sherman's army was a short distance west
206 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
of the fire on the river bank. The flames of the burning building reached a train of cars loaded with forage, on the tracii near by, setting fire to the cars, and destroying about 7,OD3 bales of hay and other property. The fire was kept from adjoiningbuildings, which contained vast stores of army supplies, thus avoiding heavy loss to the government. The men of the Sixty-eighth Indiana, along with hundreds of citizens conscripted for the occasion, rendered valuable service saving property.
May, 1865, was crowded with great events that followed each other in rapid succession: the evacuation of Richmond, Virginia, and the flight of the rebel president and his cab- inet; Lee's surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, about 26,000 men; the assassination of President Lincoln; Sherman's armistice with General Johnston, which was disapproved by the government, followed by surrender of Johnston's army of about 26,000 men.
The rebellion organized to overthrow the great Repub- lic, and institute a government whose corner stone was African slavery, had collapsed. The end of strife and bloodshed was near.
The Union army of over one million armed soldiers, the greatest army ever marshalled since gunpowder was invented, engirdled the rebellious states. Grant, with about 135,000 men, was in front of Lee at Petersburg. Sherman's army, strengthened to over 120,000 men, was in North Carolina in front of Johnston. Thomas had in the Department of the Cumberland about 140,000 men scattered at various points. The remainder of that vast army of one million soldiers was posted at various places in the rebellious states. The rebel army, reduced to about 250,000 men, had reached "the last ditch," and within five weeks after the surrender of Lee all the organized forces of the rebellion had laid down their arms, and were disbanded loithout pay.
CHATTANOOGA, I 864-5 MUSTER OUT. 20/
The army ot the Union had achieved the purpose of its organization, the suppression of the Southern rebelHon.
The work of disbandment was begun and General Thomas mustered out of service over 80,000 men in June.
The Sixty-eighth Indiana crossed the river on June 1 1 and encamped in Chattanooga. During the next live days the muster-out rolls were prepared and on the 17th General Steedman made a farewell address to the regiment, which was in the nature of a benediction for faithful service under his command. At the conclusion of his address the regi- ment embarked on cars for Nashville where it turned over camp equipage, ordnance and ordnance stores on the 19th, and was mustered out of the military service of the United States on June 20, and started for Indianapolis on the 2 ist, arriving there on the 22nd, where it received a furlough for eight days pending final payment.
CHAPTER XVII
A REVIEW OF THE REPORT OF THE INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA.
COMMISSION.
The Congress of the United States on August 19, 1890, passed "An act to establish a national park at the battle field of Chickauiauga," and on December 19, 1893, passed an act providing for the dedication of the Chicka- mauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, on Sep- tember 19 and 20, 1895.
Section 4 of act of August 19, 1890, is as follows :
4. Inscriptions must be purely historical, and must relate only to the Chickamauga and Chattanooga campaigns. They must also be based upon, and conform to, the otftcial reports of these campaigns; and must be submitted to th.e secretary of war, through the park commission- ers, for his approval, before being adopted or cut into the stones.
The State of Indiana, by an act of her Legislature, created a State commission known as the Indiana Chicka- mauga and Chattanooga Military Park Commission.^ This body, through D. B. McConnell." president, and James R. Carnahan,'^ secretary, on June 9, 1900, submitted to Gover- nor James A. Mount a report of its work.
The inscriptions on monuments and markers of Indi- ana organizations prepared by the Indiana Commission and submitted throng 1 the park co nmissioners to the secretary
1— Tliis Commission, as organized in 18!).j, consisted of the following named soldiers: Morton C. Hunter, Eighty-second; JatiiesK Carnahan, Eighty-sixth; DyerB McC'-nnell, Ninth; Wi 1 am f. Herron Seventy second; VVillam iVI. Cockruui, Forty-second; Ruel M. Johnson, One Hundredth; M,lt<in M. Thompson, Eighty-eighth; Milton Garrigus, Thirty- ninih: (ieorge H. Puntenney, Tliirty-seventh, and M. M. Justus, Eighty-eighth Indiana Regiments. Mo' ton C. Hunter was elected President, and James R. Carnahan, Secretary. On oclnber 25 ISii6, Morton C. Hunter died, and Byer B. .Mc('onnell was elected to be President, and Augasius C. Ford was appointed to the vacancy created by the death of Mortun ('. Hunter.
2— Dyer B McConnell was ciptain of Company K. Ninth Indiana.
3- James R. Carnahan was captain of Company I, Eighty-sixth Indiana.
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 209
of war, and approved by him, are of record in the war de- partment as follows :
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Sixth Regiment Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel Hagerman Tripp, Conmianding.
Third Brigade (Baldwin).
Secpnd Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
The regiment arrived in this vicinity at 12 M. September 19th. Formed line advanced with the brigade, meeting the enemy half a mile in front of this position, and driving him to the vicinity of the Winfrey field ; held that position until sunset, then moved a short distance to the left, and was attacked, fighting hand to hand. In this engagement Col- onel P. P. Baldwin was killed. Remained until near 9 P. M , and re- turned to this position. This stone marks the position of the 6th Indiana, September 20th, where it was hotly engaged. Colonel Tripp was wounded here. At 5:.30 P. M. the regiment withdrew under fire with the division to the woods west of the Kelly field, and thence to Rossville.
Casualties: Killed 18, wounded 116, missing 31, total 160.
(Location : Ridge east of Kelly field.)
Indiana's Tribute To Htr Ninth Regiment Infantry. Colonel Isaac C. B. Suman, Com'd'g. Second Brigade (Haz^n). . Second Division (Palmer). Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
September 19th this regiment went into action near the Brock field about 2 P. M., and lost heavily ; near 8:o0 P. M. retired and refilled boxes in the vicinity of the Poe House, moved to this point, there confronted an advancing column of the enemy in overwhelming numbers and com- pelled it to pause, engaged it for 30 minutes and lost heavily (three officers killed).
September 20th, at daylight in line at southea«;t corner of Kelly field and held its line until 3:30 P. M. At Snodgrass field assisted in repulsing Longstreet's last assault. Near dusk was sent to the right of Brannan's division and after the capture of the three regiments on the right and some of its own men, fired upon the capturing force and held its position until 8 P. M., when it withdrew.'
(Location: South of Brotherton House).
1— This sentence arpears on the nionuiEent but it is not the text officially approved by the National Commission.
14
2IO SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute To Her Tenth Regiment Infantry. Colonel William B. Carroll, Commanding. Second Brigade (Croxton). Third Division (Brannan). Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
This regiment with its brigade opened the battle near Jay's Mill, about 7 A. M., September 19th, 1868. Fought here and in this vicinity from 8 A. M. until noon. Here Colonel William B.Carroll was killed and Lieutenant-Colonel Marsh B. Taylor assumed command. Sunday, September 20th, engaged from 9 A. M. to 11:30 A. M., west of the Poe House. It, with the 74th Indiana, both under command of Lieutenant- Colonel Marsh B. Taylor, for the remainder of the day were attached to and fought with Reynolds' Division. They relieved Hazen's Brigade in the front line when it was sent to Snodgrass Hill. They withdrew from Kelly field with Reynolds at 5:o0 P. M. and formed with his troops on the high ground west of the Mullis House ; and at 8 P. M. withdrew to Rossville. Engaged 366, killed, 24, wounded 136, captured 6.
(Location : North of White Smith's field, in edge of timber).
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Seventeenth Regiment Mounted Infantry.
Major William T. Jones, "Commanding.
First Brigade (Wilder).
P'ourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
This regiment was engaged on Friday, September 18lh, at Alexan- der's bridge, where it assisted in holding the enemy in check until late in the afternoon; then withdrew to the east line of the Viniard farm. Took position Saturday, September 19th, on west line of Viniard farm by order of General Rosecrans in person, assisting in that line all day against repeated assaults from the enemy.
Engaged Sunday, the 20th, about 10 A. M., with the brigade, which charged the enemy at Widow Glenn's house and drove him back about three-fourths of a mile.
At 4 P. M. retired from the field under orders.
(Location: West of Viniard house.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 211
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Twenty-second Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Michael Gooding, Commanding.
First Brigade (Post).
First Division (Davis).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Marched from Steven's Gap September 20th guarding supply train off Lookout Mountain on left and rear of enemv. Had slight skirmish at Chattanooga creek, but succeeded in getting train with in^ the Union lines with loss of a few men and horses captured. Arrived at Crawfish springs at about 3 P. M., and took position with cavalry forces command- ed by General Mitchell and marched from there about 5 P. M., same day, arriving in Chattanooga valley at the foot of Lookout Mountain about 8 P. M.
(Location: West of Wilder Monument, Glenn Hill.)
Indiana's Tribute
~ To Her
Twentj'-ninth Regiment Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel David M. Dunn, Commanding.
Second Brigade (Dodge).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Saturday, September 19, 1863, about 1 P. M., this regiment, with its brigade, reached a position in line near the Brock field, charged the enemy and drove him back across the north end of the same into the timber near the Winfrey farm and remained there until night-fall, where it took part in resisting the night attack of Cheatham's and Cleburne's Divisions.
September 20th, 10 A. M., marched to northwest corner of the Kelly field and became heavily engaged and held the line against all assaults until 6 P. M.
Loss: Killed, 11; wounded, 93; captured, 68.
(Location: Northwest of Kellys field.)
1— These two words irith ami in are given as fomid inscribed on tablet at tlie park.
212 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Thirtieth Regiment Infantry
Lieutenant-Colonel Orrin V. Hurd, Commanding.
Second Brigade (Dodge).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
September 19th, 1863, this regiment with its brigade came into the field near Crawfish Springs; at 1 P. M., moved to the left and went into action north of the Brock field, driving the enemy some distance in a bitterly contested struggle. After some movements to the left, night came on, when the enemy attacked, and after two hours fighting the reg- iment moved to the line southeast of the Kelly field.
Morning of September 20th, threw up breastworks and resisted an assault at 9 A. M., was then removed to this position and at 12 M. was heavily attacked but held the line. About 5 P. M. the line was again attacked, and soon after withdrew to the woods west of the Kelly field, thence to Rossville.
Casualties: Killed, 2 officers, 8 men; wounded, 5 officers, 50 men; captured 4 officers, 57 men; total 126.
(Location: On extreme left of regular line Sunday.)
Indiana's Tribute To Her Thirty-first Regiment Infantry. Colonel John T. Smith, Commanding. First Brigade (Cruft). Second Division (Palmer). Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
This regiment became engaged in the Battle of Chickamauga, Sat- urday, September 19th, 1863, about 12 M., on the enemy's line at a point about three-quarters of a mile east of the LaFayette road near the Brock field. For two hours the battle raged with great fury, resulting in the enemy being driven from his position. In the engagement the regiment expended an average of fifty rounds of ammunition per man. Later in the afternoon the regiment joined in a charge against the advancing enemy and repulsed him. The regiment bivouacked near the Kelly field. Early Sunday morning, September 20th, this regiment took position on the line where this monument stands; here, during the day the enemy made several fierce assaults, but the position was held until 5 P. M., when the regiment was ordered to retire.
Casualties: Killed 1 officer, 4 men; wounded 2 officers, 59 men; missing, 17 men; total 83.
(Position, ridge east of Kelly field.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 213
Indiana's Tribute To Her Thirty-second Regiment Infantry. Lieutenant-Colonel Frank Erdelmeyer, Commanding, First Brigade (Willich). * Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
This regiment in the morning of September 19th, 1863, marched with its brigade from the right of the Union army to the support of General Thomas. Reached the field about 10 A. M. and at once became engaged with the enemy about one-fourth of a mile in r^ar of this posi- tion, from which line this regiment, with other regiments of the brigade, charged the enemy and drove him from the line on which this monu- ment stands. In the charge this regiment captured two pieces of artil- lery, three caissons and many prisoners.
Sunday, September 20th, in the afternoon moved to the left wing of the Union army, east of Kelly field, where the regiment with other troops charged the advancing enemy and drove him back around the Union left. At 5 P. M. withdrew from the field under orders.
Casualties September 19th-20th: Killed, I officer, 20 men; wound- ed, 4 officers, 77 men; missing, 20 men. Total, 122.
(Location: Southeast of intersection Brotherton road and Alex- aniler road.)
Indiana's Tribute To Her Thirty-fifth regiment Infantry. Major John P. Dufficy, Commanding. Third Brigade (Barnes). Third Division (VanCleve). Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
September 19th, this regiment went into action east of the LaFayette road, south of Viniards, facing northeast, at 3 P. M., fighting desperately until dark.
September 20th, moved to the left, and after frequent moves and considerable fighting, including one successful charge led by Colonel Barnes, it reached this position, where it resisted several determined assaults of the enemy. About sunset it withdrew under fire to the woods west of the LaFayette road, and thence to Rossville.
(Location: On left of Regular Brigade, Sunday.)
2 14 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I.V. I.
Indiana's Tri])ute
To Her
Thirty-sixth Regiment Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver H. P. Carey
and Major Gilbert Trusler, Com'd'g.
Third Brigade (Grose).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
At 11 A. M., September 19th, went into action at this point, suffer- mg greatly in killed and wounded, held the position until 3 P. M., when ammunition gave out and it fell back in good order to the Kelly field and bivouacked there.
On Sunday, the 20th, went into position south of the Kelly field, holding its line from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M., displaying great heroism and valor in repulsing several charges. At night fell back in good order with the army to Rossville.
Killed, 14; wounded, 97; missing, 17; Total, 128.
(South of Brotherton's, south of Sixth Ohio Monument.)
Indiana's Tribute
To her
Thirty-seventh Regiment Infantry.
Colonel W. D. Ward, Commanding.
Third Brigade (Sirwell).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
On the morning of September 19th, this regiment with its brigade occupied a position on the right of the army below Crawfish Springs near Chickamauga Creek. At 2 P. M. the regiment with the brigade was ordered to the center, where the brigade became engaged ne.'i r dark at this position. The regiment threw up breastworks and held this position until 10:30 the next morning.
Sunday, September 20th, the regiment was moved to the left. About noon it took a position near the Snodgrass house, from which point it was almost immediately ordered by General Negley toward Rossville, where it bivouacked.
(Location : West edge of Brotherton field.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 21 5
Indiana's Tribute
To her
Thirty-eighth Regiment Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel Daniel F. Griffin.
Fu-st Brigade (Scribner).
First Division (Baird).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
This regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Daniel F. Griffin, commanding^ was one of the first in Baird's division to engage the enemy Saturday morning, September 19, 1868. It also assisted in withstanding the attack of Cleburne's division at night.
This monument marks the position held by the regiment from day- light Sunday morning, September 20, 1863, until ordered to retire at 5:30 P. M.
Killed, 13; wounded, 57; missing, 39.
(Location : East of Kelly field.)
Indiana's Tribute To Her Thirty-ninth Regiment Mounted Infantry. -(Afterward Eighth Indiana Cavalry.) Colonel Thomas J. Harrison. First Brigade (Willich). Second Division (Johnson). Twentieth Corps (McCook).
September 19th, 1863, marched from McLemore's Cove to Crawfish Springs convoying trains and engaged with a portion of Wheeler's Cav- alry. Erom dusk until midnight carried 1000 canteens of water from Crawfish Springs to suffering soldiers on the battlefield.
September 20th, 1863, armed with Spencer rifles took position early, dismounted, in the line on ridge near Widow Glenn's, west of Crawfish Springs road. About 11.45 A. M. with the line, charged upon the ene- my here, completely clearing its front. The enemy gave way in disor- der, losing, beside his killed and wounded, about 200 by capture. After holding this position until about 1 o'clock P. M., and no enemy being in its immediate front, the regiment retired leisurely to Chattanooga Valley road, and thence escorted trains to Chattanooga.
Casualties: Three commissioned officers wounded, five enlisted men killed and thirty-two wounded; total, 40.
(Location: On Glenn Hill.)
2l6 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Forty-second Regiment Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel W. T. B. Mclntire.
First Brigade (John Beatty).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
On the 19th this regiment was at Owen's Ford, below Crawfish Springs, skirmishmg all day to keep a Confederate division from cross- ing the Chickamauga. At 5 P. M. went to the relief of troops that were pressed near Brotherton House. Lay west of the Brotherton field that night.
Sunday, the 20th, at an early hour, with its brigade, moved north on the LaFayette Road and reiiorted to General Thomas, was ordered to a position to the left of General Baird; was then ordered to this position and was immediately attacked by troops of Breckenridge's Division with an overwhelming force. Having no support, fell back and reformed on the hills west of this position and thence withdrew to Rossville under orders from General Negley.
Loss: Killed, 4; wounded, 52; missing, 53; total, 109.
(Location: East of the Lafayette road opposite north end of Mc- Donald field.)
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Forty-fouith Regiment Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel Simeon C. Aldrich, Commanding.
Second Brigade (Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-tirst Corps (Crittenden).
September 18th, 18f)3, this regiment supported Wilder's Brigade in the afternoon and night.
September 19th, after having assisted in successfully meeting one of the severest charges of Stewart's Division 30'J yards east of this posi- tion, the regiment retired and held this part of the line against a deter- mined attack of the enemy until about 4:30 P. M., when the line being flanked on the right it was compelled to retire.
September 20th, fought in line with its division until the break in the center of Union lines, when Colonel Aldrich led it to General Thomas' line and went into action with Harker's Brigade, and fought until ordered from the field about 5 P. M.
(Location: In Brotherton Field facing LaFayette road.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 2 1/
Indiana's Tribute To Her Fifty-eighth Regiment Infantry, Lieutenant-Colonel James T. Embree, Commanding. First Brigade (Buell). First Division (Wood). Twenty-tirst Corps (Crittenden).
This regiment formed line of battle about 2:40 P. M. September 19th. Charged the enemy driving him from Viniard house across and east of LaFayette road and reformed on line wkh. this monument, where a severe engagement ensued, with very heavy loss during the afternoon.
Morning of September 20th went into position at Brotherton farm and was soon hotly engaged. Moved at 11 A. M., with its brigade to the left, and became involved in the break at the center.
A considerable portion of the regiment rallied on Snodgrass Hill and remained till the close of the battle.
Loss in battle: Killed, 16; wounded and missing, 155.
(Location: East of \'iniard house in Viniard field.)
Indiana's Tribute To Her Sixty-eighth Regiment Infantry. Captain Harvey J. Espy, Commanding. Second Brigade (King). Fourth Division (Reynolds). Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Near noon September 19th this regiment was severely engaged 200 yards east of LaFayette road, southeast of Brotherton's house.
Sunday, September 20th, the regiment was engaged at 10 A. M. on the line where this monument stands, repulsing a prolonged attack. After the withdrawal of the brigade it was ordered soon after sundown to Snodgrass Hill where it remained until the Union troo[)S were withdrawn.
Engaged 356; killed 17; wounded 108; missing 12 total loss 137.
(Location: Poe field lire.)
2l8 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Seventy-second Regiment Mounted Infantry.
Colonel Abram O. Miller, Commanding.
F'irst Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
This regiment first engaged the enemy at Alexander's and Reed's bridges, Friday morning September 18, 1868, holdmg them until 4 P. M., and then took position half mile east of Vmiard house and was engaged until 10 P. M.
At daylight on Saturday morning took this position, holding it the entire day, twice charging and driving the enemy beyond the LaFay- ette road.
Sunday morning formed line to south and west of Widow Glenn's house, became heavily engaged and about noon, after severe fighting, took position on Glenn's Hill holding it until 4 P. M.
(Location: In edge of timber west of \'iniard house.)
Indiana's Tribute
To her
Seventy-fourth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Charles W. Chapman / commanding.
Lieutenant-Colonel Myron Baker. ) '^
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Here, on the morning of September 19th, 1863, this regiment with its brigade opened the battle of Chickamauga. After five hours fighting the enemy was repulsed on this part of the field.
On Sunday, September 20th, this regiment with another was sepa- rated from its command and fought independently throughout the after- noon.
Casualties: Officers killed and wounded 13; enlisted men killed 20; wounded 114; missing 10; total 157.
(Location: North of White Smith's field in edge of timber.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 219
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Seventy-fifth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Milton S. Robinson } commanding.
Lieutenant-Colonel William O Bnen ) '^
Second Brigade (Edward A. King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
September 19th, about noon, was posted as reserve in rear of the brigade; at 2 P. M. successfully charged the enemy between Brotherton's and Poe's; afterwards relieving Grose's Brigade, which withdrew for ammunition, and near sundown supported collected batteries north of Poe's.
September 20th engaged from 10 A. M. to 1 P. M. on extreme right of Division north of Poe's and withstood enemy's repeated assaults under Cleburne and Stewart; thence took position on the south side of Kelly field. At 5 P. M. was in charging column of Reynolds' in the vicinity of McDonald's.
Number engaged, 8(50; killed, 17; wounded, 108; captured, 13. To- tal, 138.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Seventy-ninth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Frederick Knefler, Commanding.
First Brigade (Samuel Beatty).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, this regiment became engaged with the enemy about 1 P. M., southeast of Brotherton House and east of the LaFayette road, and from the place where this monument stands went into the charge by which Carne's Confederate Battery was cap- tured.
Sunday, September 20th, the regiment with its brigade was involved in the break at the center and soon withdrew from the field.
(Location: Southeast of Brotherton's.)
220 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eighty-first Regiment Infantry.
Second Brigade (Carlin).
P'irst Division (Davis).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
This regiment left its position in the vicinity of Pond Spring Sep- tember 19th, marched past Crawfish Springs, and about 2 P. M. took position where this monument stands. After a severe fight the enemy was repulsed, but again advanced with stronger force, the Eighty-first retiring beyond the LaFayette road. Finally the enemy fell back stub- bornly, and the regiment regained this position.
At 3 o'clock on the morning of the 20th the regiment was moved near to Widow Glenn's. It was afterwards ordered with its division to the right of Wood's division near Brotherton's. About 11 o'clock was desperately engaged, the enemy advancing in overwhelmmg numbers and breaking the Union line, when the regiment, with the rest of its division, was forced off the field.
Killed, 4; wounded, 60; missing, 23. Total, 87.
(Location: South side X'lniard field, east of LaFayette road.)
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eighty-Second Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Morton C. Hunter, Commanding.
First Brigade (Connell).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
This regiment. Colonel Morton C. Hunter commanding, reached the front September 19th at 11 A. M., and supported Church's battery, which had been sent up to VanDerveer's line. At night it was moved to the extreme right of the corps.
On the morning of September 20th it occupied the right of the second line of the brigade, east of the Dyer House and northwest of the Brotherton House. When the front line was driven from the works by Longstreet's fierce attack, just before noon. Colonel Hunter ordered the Eighty-second to charge, which it did in gallant style, recapturing and holding the works, but being immediately outflanked and almost sur- rounded, it fell back fighting until it reached the site of this monument at a little after 12 M. The Eighty-second was the first regiment of Brannan's division that formed a line of battle on Snodgrass Hill, which line was firmly held against all assaults until night put an end to the battle.
Killed, 20; wounded, 68; missing, 23.
(Location: Snodgrass Hi 1.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 221
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eighty-fourth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Nelson Trusler, Commanding.
First Brigade (Whitaker).
First Division (Steedman).
Reserve Corps (Granger).
September 18th this regiment was engaged on the extreme left of the army near Ringgold bridge, and on the morning of the 19th was stationed on the hills near McAfee's Church. Skirmished with the enemy until 1 P. M., when he attacked in large force and severe fighting was kept up until .'"> P. M., when the enemy drew off.
September 20th, still in position near McAfee's Church, until about 12 M., when the regiment marched to the sound of the firing at Snod- grass Hill, arriving at this point about 2:30 P. M., and engaged in the charge and desperate combat which took place here, assisting in driving back the enemy and saving the right.
Loss: Killed, 23; wounded, 97; missing, 13. Total, 133.
(Location: West,of Granger's headcjuarters monu.ment, Snodgrass Hill.)
— Indiana's Tribute To Her Eighty-sixth Regiment Infantry.
George F. Dick, Colonel. Second Brigade (Dick). Third Division (V^anCleve). Twrnty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Friday P. M., September 18th, 1863, this regiment with its brigade was ordered from Crawfish Springs to support Wood's Division, then engaged near Lee & Gordon's Mill.
Saturday, September 19th, with its brigade, met and rejiulsed the severe charge t)f Stewart's Division east of LaFayette road, after which it was ordered to the position where this monument stands, and aided in suc- cessfully resisting the fierce assaults of the enemy from 4 until 4:30 P. M., when it was compelled to retire by reason of a heavy flank movement of the enemy on the right.
Sunday morning, September 20th, in line west of LaFayette road near Kelly field, severely entraged for a short time with Breckenridge's troops, and upon retirinij took position on the next idge beyond the Snodgrass House, and about 5 P. M. marched to McF.irland's Gap.
(Location: West of LaFayette road, South of Brotherton House.)
222 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eighty-seventh Regiment Infantry.
Colonel Newell Gleason, Commanding.
Third Brigade (Vanderveer).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
September 19th, 1863, engaged near Reed's Bridge and tower, south of the cross-roads. Supported the 9th Ohio when it charged the enemy and re-captured Burnham's Regular Battery; with the brigade withstood the last attack on the Union left.
September 20th, 1863, from 11 A. M. to 1 P. M. was engaged in Kelly field east of the LaFayette road. About 11 A. M. the regiment was attacked with great fury; repulsed the enemy and drove him beyond the field. At 1:30 P. M. retired to Snodgrass Hill, where this monument stands, and was engaged there until 7:30 P. M.
Went into battle with effective force of 366: Killed 7 officers, 33 enlisted men; wounded 4 officers, 138 enlisted men; missing 8; total cas- ualties 190. Percentage of loss 51.5.
(Location: East of 2nd Minn. Mont, on Snodgrass Hill.)
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eighty-Eighth Regiment Infantry.
Colonel George Humphrey, Commanding.
First Brigade (John Beatty).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
On September 19th, 1863, up to 5 P. M. this regiment was in the vicinity of Glass' Mill, where with its brigade it supported Bridge's and part of Schultz's Batteries in an engagement with the enemy. In the evening it moved to the Brotherton place and bivouacked.
On Sunday morning, September 20th, it moved with its brigade to this position, where the brigade being assailed by the brigades of Adams and Stovall, was broken, and the regiment forced southwestward toward Snodgrass Hill. It took position in support of General Negley's Artil- lery, and afterwards accompanied this officer to Rossville.
(Location : McDonald Field, North end, west of LaFayette Road.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 223
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
One Hundred and First Regiment Infantry.
Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Doan, Commanding:.
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Went into battle about one o'clock P. M., September 19th, in the woods near Brotherton's. Vigorously engaged most of the afternoon, when it moved near the Foe field.
Morning of the 20th assigned position where this monument stands and assisted in holding it against fierce assaults by the enemy, until near noon, when it was moved to a new line formed south of the Kelly field, from which it helped to drive the enemy. About 6 o'clock, by order of General Thomas, this regiment reported to General Brannan at Snod- grass Hill. After the fighting was over, about h* o'clock P. M., was ordered from the field.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her Fourth Battery. Lieutenant David Flansburg and Lieutenant Henry J. Willitts, Commanding. Second Brigade (Starkweather). First Division (Baird). Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
September 19th, this battery went into action northwest of the Reed field at 10 A. M.; five of its guns were captured, but were soon re- covered, and the battery retired to refit.
It then returned to the field with four guns, and was engaged in the night fighting in which Colonel Baldwin was killed. It subsequently withdrew to the Kelly field.
September 20th, moved into this position at 9 A. M. and held it until 5:30 P. M., at times fighting desperately, and at sunset retired with the brigade to Rossville.
(Location: East of Kelly field.)
224 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Fifth Battery.
Captain Peter Simonson, Commanding.
Third Brigade (Baldwin).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Saturday, September 19th, I860, at 1 P. M., this battery went into position and was actively engaged with its brigade in the Reed field near the place where Colonel Baldwin was killed, losing one gun.
Sunday morning, September 20th, the battery was ordered to this position and here remained hotly engaged at intervals during the day. A second gun was disabled and lost.
During the two days' battle this battery fired over 1,200 rounds of ammunition.
(Location: Ridge east of Kelly field.)
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Seventh Battery.
Captain George R. Swallow, Commanding.
First Brigade (Samuel Beatty).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 186;!, this battery went into action at this place and was severely engaged. The horses of two of the guns were killfed and the guns were taken from the field by hand. The other guns remained engaged until near night, when they were withdrawn.
On Sunday, September 20th, the position of the battery was left of the Tan Yard and west of Brotherton's.
It changed position to the north of Brotherton's, fighting. Retired from the field under orders from General Negley.
(Location: On ridge south of Brotherton's.
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 22$
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eighth Battery.
Captain George Estep, Commanding.
First Brigade (Buell).
First Division (Wood).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, this battery was in action with its brigade near Lee & Gordon's Mill. Afternoon of September 19th was moved to this position and went into action and became heavily en- gaged. Here five horses of one gun were killed, and the supports fall- ing back, the battery retired and the gun wis lost.
The line was retaken and the battery again occupied this position. Here in an overwhelming charge three guns were lost, but were retaken by a counter charge.
Sunday, September 20th, went into position on the western edge of the Dyer field, north of the Dyer House. Was engaged until the horses were all killed and ihe battery captured.
(Location: East of Viniard House on Lafayette road.)
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eleventh Battery.
Captain Arnold Sutermeister, Commanding.
First Brigade (Lytle).
Third Division (Sheridan).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
September 19th this battery came upon the field near Lee & Gor- don's Mill on Chickamauga Creek.
About 12 M. was ordered to the center and took position south of Viniard's; later was ordered back to Lee & Gordon's Mill to guard the ford.
September 20th, at 3 A. M., took position near General McCook's headquarters, remaining until near noon when it was moved to this posi- tion, where it became desperately engaged, the Union line having been broken. Here, the horses of one section being killed, the guns were lost.
Killed and died of wounds 5; wounded 1 officer and 11 men; miss- ing 2; total loss 19.
(Location: At foot of Lytle Hill, near Glenn Kelly road.) 15
226 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V, I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Eighteenth Battery,
Captain Eli Lilly, Commanding.
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
On September 18th, 1863, this battery was engaged with Wilder's brigade in preventing the advance of the enemy at Alexander's Bridge. Night of September 18th east of Viniard field engaged with the brigade in the night fight and in holding the enemy in check.
September 19th was hotly engaged during the afternoon where this monument stands and in this vicinity doing great damage to the enemy.
Sunday, September 20th, actively engaged at Widow Glenn's house until 12 M. Retired with the army from the field.
(Location: West of Viniard House, in edge of timber.)
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Nineteenth Battery.
Captain Samuel J. Harris, J Commanding.
Lieutenant Robert S. Lackey ^
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, this battery reached Crawfish Springs at 7 A. M., after an all-night's march from Pond Springs, thence moved to vicinity of Brotherton's, and about 3:30 P. M. went into action south of the Poe House and west of the Lafayette road, where Captaiu Harris was wounded. Being flanked on the right the battery withdrew to the north side of the Poe field, and was there engaged.
Sunday, September 20th, the battery became engaged at 10 A.M. where this monument stands, and was in action here until noon. It was then moved to the south side of Kelly field, a little northwest of where Colonel King's monument now stands, remaining there until 5:30 P. M., when the battery retired, taking the body of Colonel King on a caisson.
Casualties: Two enlisted men killed; captain and 15 men wound ed; 2 missing. Aggregate loss, 20.
(Location: On Poe field line west of LaFayette road.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 22/
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Twenty-first Battery.
Captain William W. Andrew, Commanding.
First Brigade (Turchin).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
September 19th, 1863, this battery went into action northeast of the Poe House, and fired 180 rounds. At 3 P. AI. was moved near to Brock field and took positijn, and went into action, firing case and canister until about 4:30 P. M., when the brigade withdrew.
September 20th, went into position at this point and was engaged for several hours, after which moved a short distance to the rear and was engaged until 2 P. M., when it was ordered to the rear and out of action.
(Location: Southeast of Kelly held, Turchin's line.)
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Second Regiment Cavalry.
Major David A. Briggs, Commanding.
Second Brigade (Ray).
First Division (E. M. McCook).
Cavalry Corps (Mitchell).
The 19th of September, 1863, this regiment was guarding the sup- ply train in the rear of the army, and after skirmishing all day the train was brought safely to Crawfish Springs.
On September 20th the regiment was held in line of battle near Crawfish Springs, and retired to Dry \'alley that night. , Killed, 1; wounded, 4.
(Location: West of Wilder Monument, Glenn Hill.)
228 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana's Tribute
To Her
Fourth Regiment Cavalry.
Lieutenant-Colonel John T. Deweese, Commanding.
Second Brigade (Ray).
First Division (E. M. McCook).
Cavalry Corps (Mitchell).
On the 19th of September, 1863, this regiment when guardmg the supply trains about one mile from Steven's Gap, had a spirited skirmish with the enemy's cavalry, repulsing it and bringing the train through.
On Sunday morning, the 20th, the regiment with its brigade was in line of battle near Crawfish Springs, and skirmished with the enemy until 4 P. M., when it was ordered to fall back by the Dry Valley Road.
(Location: Glenn Hill, southwest of Wilder Monument.)
Indiana.
Sixth Regiment Infantry (Tripp).
Third Brigade (Baldwin).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 3 P. M. to 9 P. M.
(Location: N. end Winfrey field.)
2. Indiana.
Ninth Regiment Infantry '^Suman). Second Brigade (Hazen). Second Division (Palmer). Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden). Was sent to this position at dusk of September 20th from Snod- grass field, lost some men by capture, with the three regiments that were captured on the right; fired into the capturing force, and held this posi- tion until 8 P. M., when it withdrew.
(Location: On Snodgrass Hill, facing south, 150 ft. W. of Tower.)
Indiana.
Ninth Regiment Infantry (Suman).
Second Brigade (Hazen).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 4 P. M. to 5:30 P. M.
(Location: Harker Hill.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 229
Indiana.
Ninth Regiment Infantry (Suman).
Second Brigade (Hazen).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 5:30 P. M. to Sunday, September
20th, 3:80 P. M.
(Location: Line east of Kelly field.)
5. Indiana.
Ninth Regiment Infantry (Suman).
Second Brigade (Hazen).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 1 P. M. to 3:30 P. M.
(Location: North end Brock field, near Brotherton road.)
Indiana.
Tenth Regiment Infantry (Carroll).
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 4 P. M. to 5 P. M.
(Location: East of Kelly field.)
7. Indiana.
Tenth Regiment Infantry (Carroll).
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863. about 10 A. M.
(Location: In edge of tmiber, N. of Winfroy field.)
Indiana.
Tenth Regiment Infantry (Carroll).
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 8 A. M. to 11 A. M.
(Location: Poe field line 20 ft. S. 105th Ohio Mont.)
230 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
9. Indiana.
Tenth Regiment Infantry (Carroll).
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 6 P. M. to 8 P. M.
(Location: Snodgrass Hil'.)
10. Indiana.
Seventeenth Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Jones)
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18th. 1863, 10 A. M.
(Location: Alexander Bridge.)
11. Indiana
Seventeenth Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Jones). First Brigade (Wilder). Fourth Division (Reynolds). Fourteenth Corps (Thomas). Friday, September 18th, 1868, 7 P. M., to Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 4 A. M. (Location: Fast of Viniard's field.)
13. Indiana.
Seventeenth Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Jones).
First Brigade (Wilder .
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, 5 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: Near junc. Dalton Fd. & Vin., east road.)
14. Indiana.
Seventeenth Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Jones).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12 M. to 3 P. M.
(Location: Glenn Hill, South W. of Wilder Monument.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 23 I
15. Indiana.
Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry (Dunn).
Second Brigade (Dodge).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Saturday, September 19th, 1868, 8 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: West of Preston Smith's Monument.)
16. Indiana.
Thirtieth Regiment Infantry (Hurd).
Second Brigade (Dodge).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Saturday, September lyth, 1868, 3 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: West of Alex. Road & South of Bro. Rd.)
17. Indiana.
Thirty-first Regiment Infantry (Smith).
First Brigade (Cruft).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
SatuTday, September 19th, 1868, 1 P. M. to 4 P. M.
(Location: West of Brock field, near branch.)
18. Indiana.
Thirty-first Regiment Infantry (Smith).
First Brigade (Cruft).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1868, 4 P. M. till night.
(Location: N. of Bro. Rd.)
19. Indiana.
Thirty-second Regiment Infantry (Erdelmeyer).
First Brigade (Willich).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Sunday, September 20, 1868, 9 A. M. to 4 P. M.
(Location: Ridge east of Kelly field.
232 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
20. Indiana.
Thirty-fifth Regiment Infantry (Dufficy).
Third Brigade (Barnes).
Third Division (VanCieve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 8 P. M. until dark.
(Location: About one-fourth mile south of Viniard House, east of La-
Fayette road.
21. Indiana.
Thirty-fifth Regiment Infantry (Dufficy).
Third Brigade (Barnes).
Third Division (VanCieve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 3 A.M. to 9 A. M.
(Location: Near graves west of Dyer's.)
22. Indiana.
Thirty-sixth Regiment Infanlry.
Third Brigade (Grose).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, until 3 P. M.
(Location: Southeast of Georgia Monument and north of Brotherton
road.)
23. Indiana.
Thirty-sixth Regiment Infantry.
Third Brigade (Grose).
Second Division (Palmer).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 9 A. M.
(Location: Line east of Kelly field.)
24. Indiana.
Thirty-seventh Regiment Infantry (Hull).
Third Brigade (Sirwell).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12:30 P. M.
(Location: Harker Hill near barn.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 233
"25. Indiana.
Thirty-eighth Regiment Infantry (Griffin).
Third Brigade (Scribner),
First Division (Baird).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 10 A. M. to 11 A. M.
(Location: Winfrey field north of Brotherton road.)
26. Indiana.
Fortv-second Reginrent Infantry (Mclntire).
First Brigade (J. Beatty).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19ih, 1863, 6:30 P. M. until 7:80 A. M.
Sunday, September 20th, 1863. (Location: West of Glenn Kelly road, east of Lytle Hill.)
"27. Indiana.
Forty-second Regiment Infantry (Mclntire).
First Brigade (J. Beatty).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
September 20th, 1863, 8:45 A. M. to 9 A. M.
(Location: East of LaFayette road, south of Kentucky Monument.)
■28. Indiana.
Forty-fourth Regiment Infantry (Aldrich).
Second Brigade (Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, 8 P. M. to Saturday, September 19th,
4 A. M. (Location: Southeast of Viniard field.)
29. Indiana.
Forty-fourth Regiment Infantry (Aldrich).
Second Brigade (Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 10 A. M. to 11 A. M.
(Location: West of LaFayette road at north end of Kelly field.)
2 34 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
30. Indiana.
Forty-fourth Regiment Infantry (Aldrich).
Second Brigade (Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve.)
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 2 P. M. to 5 P. M.
(Location: Harker Hill.)
31. Indiana.
Forty-fourth Regiment Infantry (Aldrich).
Second Brigade (Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 2 P. M. to 3:30 P. M.
(Location: Southeast of Brotherton's.)
32. Indiana.
Fifty-eighth Regiment Infantry (Embree).
First Brigade (Buell).
First Division (Wood.)
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 2 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: Snodgrass Hill, east end.)
33. Indiana.
Sixty-eighth Regiment Infantry (Espy).
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 3 P. M.
(Location: Southeast of Brotherton's.)
34. Indiana.
Sixty-eighth Regiment Infantry (Espy).
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 6 P. M. to 7:30 P. M.
(Location: Northwest of Tower, Snodgrass Hill.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 235
Indiana.
Sixty-eighth Regiment Infantry (Espy).
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12 M. to 5 P. M.
(Location: In woods south of Kelly field, on Turchin's right rear.)
Indiana.
Seventy-second Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Miller).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, 10 A. M. to 4 P. M.
(Location: Alexander Bridge.)
Indiana.
Seventy-second Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Miller).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, 5 P. M. to 6 P. M.
(Location: Junction Dalton Ford and east \nniard road.)
Indiana.
Seventy- second Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Miller).
,First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12 M. to 3 P. M.
(Location: Glen Hill.)
I. Indiana.
Seventy-second Regiment (Mounted) Infantry (Miller).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, 7 P. M. to 4 A. M. September 19th.
(Location: East of Viniard field.)
236 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
40. Indiana.
Seventv-second Regiment Infantry.
(Mounted) (Miller).
First Brigade (Wilder)
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 3 P. M.
(Location: East of LaFayette road, north of Viniard's.)
41. Indiana.
Seventy-fourth Regiment Infantry (Chapman).
» Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 10 A. M.
(Location: In edge of timber north of Winfroy field.)
42. Indiana.
Seventy-fourth Regiment Infantry (Chapman).
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 12:30 P. M.
(Location: East of Kelly field near Eleventh Ohio Monument.
43. Indiana.
Seventy-fourth Regiment Infantry (Chapman).
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 3:30 P. M.
(Location: Poe field line.)
44. Indiana.
Seventy-fourth Regiment Infantry (Chapman).
Second Brigade (Croxton).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 6 P. M. to 7:30 P. M.
(Location: Snodgrass Hill, 50 feet north of Second Minnesota M^
ment.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 237
Indiana.
Seventy-fifth Regiment Infantry (Robinson).
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Neynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1868, 8 P. M.
(Location: North of Brotherton road on Grose's line.)
Indiana.
Seventy-fifth Regiment Infantry (Robinson).
Second Brigade (King).
Fouith Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20, 1868, 10 A. M. to 12 M.
(Location: In rear of Turchin's right, N. of Poe field.)
Indiana.
Seventy-ninth Regiment Infantry iKnefifler).
First Brigade J. Beatty).
Third Division (V^anCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1868, 2:30 P. M.
(Location: Southeast of Brotherton's, at Carnes Battery.)
Indiana.
Eighty-second Regiment Infantry (Hunter).
First Brigade (C nncli).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas.)
Saturday, September 19th, 1868, 9 A. M. to 12 M.
(Location: At Reeds Bridge Tower.)
Indiana.
Eighty-second Regiment Infantry (Hunter).
First Brigade (Connell).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1868, 9:30 A. M. to 11:30 A. M.
(Location: West of LaFayette road, S. \V. of Georgia Mont.)
238 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
50. Indiana.
Eighty-sixth Regiment Infantry (Dick).
Second Brigade (Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 2 P. M.
(Location: Southeast of Brotherton's.)
51. Indiana.
Eighty-sixth Regiment Infantry (Major Dick).
Second Brigade (Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Friday night, September 18th, 1863.
(Location: Southeast of Viniard Field.)
52. Indiana.
Eighty-sixth Regiment Infantry (Major Dick). Second Brigade (Colonel Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12 M.
(Location: Harker Hill.)
53. Indiana.
Eighty- sixth Regiment Infantry. Second Brigade (Colonel Dick).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 11 A. M. to 12 M.
(Location: West of LaFayette road at north end of Kelly field.)
54. Indiana.
Eighty-seventh Regiment Infantry (Gleason).
Third Brigade (VanDerveer).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 8 A. M.
(Location: East of Tower, Reed's Bridge.)
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 239
55. Indiana.
Eighty-seventh Regiment Infantry.
Third Brigade (VanDerveer).
Third Division (Brannan).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1868, 10 A. M.
(Location: North end of Kelly field.)
56. Indiana.
Eighty-eighth Regiment Infantry (Humphrey).
First Brigade (J. Beatty).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 6:30 P. M. to 7:30 A. M.
(Location: On Glenn Kelly road, east of Lytle Hill.)
57. Indiana.
Eighty-eighth Regiment Infantry (Humphrey).
First Brigade (J. Beatty).
Second Division (Negley).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday^September 20th, 1863, 8:45 A. M.
(Location: West of LaFayette road, south of Kentucky Monument
58. Indiana.
One Hundred and First Regiment Infantry (Doan)
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 2 P. M. to 3 P. M.
(Location: Southeast of Brotherton's.)
59. Indiana.
One Hundred and First Regiment Infantry (Doan).
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 5 P. M. to 7:30 P. M.
(Location: N. W. of Tower, Snodgrass Hill.)
240 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
60. Indiana.
One Hundred and First Regiment Infantry (Doan).
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12:30 P. M. to 4 P. M.
(Location: North of Poe field, in timber west of Turchin's
line of Sunday.)
Inscription on stone east of the LaFayette road, oppo- site north end of McDonald's field:
September 20th, 1863, 9:30 A. M., Captain (later Lieutenant-Col- onel) W. M. Cockrum.i Forty-second Indiana Infantry, was desperately wounded at this pomt.
Erected by soldiers of the Forty-second Indiana Infantry.
61. Indiana.
Seventh Battery (Swallow).
First Brigade (Sam Beatty).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Saturday night, September 19th, 1863, to Sunday, September 20th, 1863.
(Location: On hill west of Dyers.)
62. Indiana.
Fourth Battery (Flansburg).
Second Brigade (Starkweather).
First Division (Baird).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 6 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: North end of Winfrey field.)
63. Indiana.
Fourth Battery (Flansburg).
Second Brigade (Starkweather).
First Division (Baird).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September I9th, 1863, 11:30 A. M.
(Location: Northwest Winfrey field.)
1 — Lieutenant-Colonel Cockrum is a member of the Indiana Chickamauga Commission.
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 24 1
64. Indiana.
Fifth Battery (Simonson).
Third Brigade (Baldwin).
Second Division (Johnson).
Twentieth Corps (McCook).
Saturday, September 19th, 1868, 3 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: North end Winfrey field.)
65. Indiana.
Seventh liattery (Swallow).
First Brigade (Sam Beatty).
Third Division (VanCleve).
Twenty-first Corps (Critten len).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 5 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: Poe field line.)
66. Indiana.
Eighth Battery (Estep).
First Brigade (Buell).
First Division (Wood).
Twenty-first Corps (Crittenden).
Sunday, Se-^ember 20th, 1863, 12 M., Battery captured.
(Location: On hill west of Glenn Kelly road, north of Dyers'
Indiana. Eighteenth Battery (Lilly).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 4:30 P. M.
(Location: Poe line.)
68. Indiana.
Eighteenth Battery (Lilly).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas*.
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 2:30 P. M. to 5 P. M.
(Location: West of LaFayette road at Viniard's.
242 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
g9 Indiana.
Eighteenth Battery (Lilly).
First Brigade (Wilder). •
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12 M.
(Location: Glen Hill.)
7Q Indiana.
Eighteenth Battery (Lilly).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, 10 A. M. to 4 P. M.
(Location: Near Alexander House.)
71 Indiana.
Eighteenth Battery (Lilly).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18th, 1863, 5:30 P. M. to 9 P. M.
(Location: At Junction Viniard east and Dalton Ford road.
72. Indiana.
Eighteenth Battery (Lilly).
First Brigade (Wilder).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Friday, September 18tb, 1863, 5 P. M. to 7 P. M.
(Location: At Park House.)
73 Indiana.
Nmeteenth Battery (Hams).'
Second Brigade (KingK
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th. 1863, 4:60 P. M.
1— This marker not creeled on the tattlefield.
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 243
^4. Indiana.
Nineteenth Battery (Harris).
Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 12 M. to 5:30 P. M.
(Location: South end of Kelly field, 100 yards east of LaFayette road.)
'''5. Indiana.
Nineteenth Battery (Harris).
Second Brigade (King). Fourth Division (Reynolds). Fourteenth Corps (Thomas). Saturday, September 19th, 1868, 4 P. M. to 10 P. M. (Location: East of LaFayette road in Poe field and east of One Hun- dred and First Indiana Monument.)
76. Indiana.
Nineteenth Battery (Harris). Second Brigade (King).
Fourth Division (Reynolds).
Fourteenth Corps (Thomas).
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 12 to 4 P. M.
(Location: South of Poe field, west of LaFayette road.)
A review of all the acts of the Indiana Commission, locating organizations and preparing inscriptions for monu- ments and markers of Indiana troops engaged, would require more time and space than we can devote to the work, hence we will only consider that part relating to troops of E. A. King's brigade, Reynolds' division. Four- teenth Army Corps, and a few other organizations to which our attention has been called. The report is in one vol- ume and contains so many errors of sufficient importance as to almost, if not wholly, destroy its value as a book of reference.
On page 20 of report reference is made to Sunday's
.244 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V
battle at Poe field, describing an assault by Wood's bri- gade of Cleburne's division upon Turchin's and King's bri- gades of Reynolds' division as follows:
The right half of this brigade (Wood's) was soon repulsed; the left half (of Wood's) pushed forward until it struck and forced back King's brigade on the right of Reynold's line, and then moved on and joined Stewart's troops in an attack upon Brannan at Poe field but was there repulsed and forced to retire with heavy loss.
The statement that King's brigade was forced back in Sunday's battle is wholly untrue.
On page 201 the Conniiission, speaking of the Sixty- eighth Indiana Regiment says :
A marker to this regiment is placed in the Brotherton woods, southeast of the Brotherton house and east of the LaFayette and Chatta- nooga road, south of the Fifty-ninth Ohio Regiment, with this inscription: " Saturday, September 19, 1863, 3 P. AI."
This is incorrect and misleading. This regiment was engaged with its brigade at this position from 2:30 P. M. to 5 P. M., and the inscription indicates that the regiment merely touched that point. In this connection we turn to page 271 of the report and find in reference to the One Hundred and First Indiana, in same brigade as the Sixty- eighth Indiana (these two regiments were together all thrjugh the battle) the following:
Markers are also placed for this regiment in the Brotherton woods, southeast of the Brotherton house and east of the I^aFayette road, which bears this inscription:
'^Saturday, September 19, 1863,3 P. AI."
This is incorrect. The marker of this regiment re- erred to bears this inscription as to time:
Saturday, September 19, 1863, 2 P. M. to 3 P. M.
The Commission concedes that these two regiments, the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana, went to this position at the same time, in the following words on page 268, lines iS-20:
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 245
The One Hundred and First, with the other two regiments of the brigade, formed itself on the extreme right of the Brotherton woods line on Saturday afternoon the 19th.
On the same page we find at lines 42-43:
So the une^iual contest raged in the Brotherton woods until about 4 P. M.
The Indiana Commission in preparing inscriptions for the markers of these regiments in Brotherton woods place one in line one hour in advance of the other, and in its report change the text as it appears on the markers, appar- ently to Iiannoiiirjc the errors in inscription.
Again on page 201, referring to inscription on iDarker of the Sixty-eighth Indiana on Snodgrass Hill, we find the following:
" Sunday, September 20, 1863, 6 P. M. to 7:80 P. M."
This is an error. The regiment, with its brigade, left its position on the right of South Kelly field line at 5:30 P. M., and was in support of Turchin in his charge upon the left of Liidtleirs division, crossing the Lafayette road at McDonald's field. After this charge the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana were detached from the brigade on order of General Thomas, to report at his headquarters near the Snodgrass house, where they arrived at the time of the last firing upon Snodgrass Hill, which is ofScially fixed at 7:15 P. M.
A call was made on General Thomas for troops to re- lieve the Thirty-fifth Ohio and Ninth Indiana Regiments, engaged in the last firing. The Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana were reported to Lieut. -Col. Henry V. Boynton, of VanDerveer's brigade, at that time in command of the right line on Snodgrass Hill, and by him placed in position on the right of the Thirty-fifth Ohio, which had been refused to protect that flank, with the Ninth Indiana in rear of the Thirty-fifth Ohio, about two companies extending beyond the right of the Thirty-
246 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
fifth. The Sixty-eighth reheved the Ninth Indiana which at once retired, following the Thirty-fifth Ohio. This was about 7:30 P. M. This is confirmed by the report of Col- onel Suman,^ of the Ninth Indiana.
On page 199 the Commission say:
Capt. Harvey J. Espy, commanding the Sixty-eighth Indiana was wounded about 3 P. M. in the battle of Sunday, and Capt. PMmund Finn succeeded to the command.
This is an error. Captain Espy was wounded about 4 P. M. Saturday in the fight in Brotherton woods, and was removed from the field and did not rejoin the regiment for duty until just before the battle of Missionary Ridge. Captain Finn succeeded him in command on Saturday, James R. Carnahan, secretary of the commission, was furnished with the facts as to time and place of wounding of Espy, (set forth in an official report made by Lieutenant- Colonel Espy in June, 1865), in time to have been placed in the report. For what reason did the Commission ignore the facts.^
The inscription on the monument of the Sixty-eighth Indiana shows Capt. Harvey J. Espy commanding, and omits to mention Capt. Edmund Finn, who was in com- mand at that place. The omission of the name of Captain Finn is an injustice to that officer.
On page 271 we find the following alleged inscription on the marker of One Hundred and First Indiana on Snod- grass Hill:
Sunday, September 20, 1863, 6 P. M. to 7:30 P. M.
This is incorrect. The inscription on marker reads:
Sunday, September 20, 1863, 5 P. M. to 7 30 P. M.
The Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana left the South Kelly field line at 5:30 P. M., going to McDonald's field, and thence to Snodgrass Hill, a distance
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, pags 709.
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 247
of more than two miles. The Indiana Commission has placed the Sixty-eighth Indiana on the hill thirty minutes after, and the One Hundred and First Indiana thirty min- utes before they left South Kelly field.
On page 217 we find a copy of an inscription alleged to be on a marker of the Seventy-fifth Indiana in south Kelly field:
Sunday, September 20, 1868, 1 P. M. to 5 P. M.
The inscription on said marker on the battle field reads:
Sunday, September 20, 10 A. M. to 5 P. M.
On page 306. referring to the Nineteenth Indiana Bat- tery in Saturday's battle, the Commission say:
General Reynolds himself with the Nineteenth Indiana Battery, the Seventy-fifth Indiana and the Ninety-second Illinois, of which he speaks, were all north of the Brotherton and Dyer road,, on what be- came the Poe field line of Saturday's and Sunday's battle.
The above sentence is replete with errors. There is no official authority for this statement of the Commission, which is contrary to the facts. On the monument of this battery is the following inscription relating to Saturday's battle:
Saturday, September 19th, 1863. This battery reached Crawfish Springs at 7 A. M. after an all night's march from Pond Spring. Thence moved to vicinity of Brotherton's, and about 3:30 P. M. went into action south of the Poe house and west of the LaFayette road, where Captain Harris was wounded. Being flanked on the right the battery withdrew to the north side of the Poe field and was there engaged.
This inscription is not supported by any report, and is controverted by the testimony of survivors of the bat- tery, of whom all contend that the battery was not engaged on Saturday at or near Poe field nor north of the Brotherton and Dyer road, but was engaged in southern end of the Brotherton field west of the LaFayette road, where at 4:1 5 P. M. it was forced to retire with the loss of one gun, in a northwesterly direction to the ridge northwest of the Dyer
248 . SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
house, where it replenished ammunition, and joined its brigade on the Poe field line about 10 P. M. Saturday, where it was engaged on Sunday until its brigade changed front, about i P. M., to the south line of the Kelly field. This is sustained by report of Major Erwin,^ of the Sixth Ohio, in command of that regiment in support of the battery.
The Commission further say on page 307 that a marker has been set up for this battery east of the La- Fayette road, just south of the Kelly field, on which is the following inscription:
Saturday. September 19, 1863, 4:50 P. M.
TJiis is false ; tlicre is no such marker erected on the battle-field.
The Commission also say:
A third marker is placed in the woods west of the LaFayette road south of the Poe house, bearing the same inscription as the first except- ing as to time, the time being fixed:
"Saturday, September 19, 1863, 12 M. to 4 P. M."
As the battery was not engaged on Saturday north of the Brotherton and Dyer road the above marker is out of place, and the inscription is an error.
On page 24 the Commission say:
By 8 P. M. the Federal troops had all been withdrawn from Snod- grass Ridge. The last to be withdrawn were the three Indiana regiments, the Ninth, Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First,
and upon page 200 of said report, referring to the Sixty- eighth and One Hundred and First, we find:
Here these two regiments that had been so closely allied during all the battle of Chickamauga, remained until the last shot of the battle was fired and then in the final withdrawal of the troops from Snodgrass Hill were assigned to the post of honor, that of covering the retreat of the army, and consequently were the last organized troops of Rosecrans' army to leave the battle field, the Sixty eighth being in the rear, then the front, as it was nearest the enemy.
1 — Vol. 30, part 1, War Records, page 71)0.
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 249
The Ninth Indiana has inscribed on its marker mi Snod- grass Hill:
Was sent to this position at dusk of September 20th from Snodgrass field, lost some men by capture with the three regiments which were captured on the right; fired into the capturing force, and held this posi- tion until 8 P. M., when it withdrew.
It is impossible to reconcile the statements made by the Commission as set forth in its report on pages 24 and 200, with inscriptions on markers of the Ninth, Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana Regi- ments on Snodgrass Hill. That on the Ninth says it remained until 8 P. M., those on Sixty-eight and One Hundred and First show they remained until 7:30 P M. If those three regiments were the last to be with- drawn and the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First were assigned ''to the post of honor, that of covering the retreat of the army," as alleged by the Commission, the Ninth Indiana could not have remained on Snodgrass Hiil one-half hour longer than the Sixty-eighth and One Hun- dred and First Indiana.
The fact that the Ninth was relieved b}' the Sixty- eighth is proven be3'ond a reasonable doubt,and the time of leaving shown by its marker should bechanged to 7:30 P. M. to conform to the facts. The time on markers of the Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and First Indiana should be changed to read 7:30 P. M. to 8:30 P. M.
On page 135 the Commission say:
Concerning the battle on Sunday forenoon, General Hazen men- tioned the Ninth Indiana in his report, together with the other regiments of his brigade, and said: "It has my warmest thanks for its services. * * * They are veterans of so frequent trial that it would be mockery to praise them with words. The country cannot too highly cherish these men."
Now, this is what General Hazen^ said: My entire brigade has my warmest thanks for its services. * * * 1 — Vol. 30. part 1, War Records, page 764.
250 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
On page 132, referring to the Sixth Indiana marker at Winfrey field, the Commission say:
The bronze tablet on the marker bears the following inscription: Saturday, September 19, 1863, 1 P. M. to 9 P. M.
This is incorrect; the inscription as to time on this marker reads:
Saturday, September 19, 1863, 3 P. M. to 9 P. M.
On page 136, speaking of the Ninth Indiana marker in Brock field, we find:
Saturday, September 19, 1863, 2 P. M. to 3:30 P. M.
This is incorrect; the inscription as to time, on this marker reads:
Saturday, September 19, 1863, 1 P. M. to 3:30 P. M.
On page 144, referring to the Seventeenth Indiana marker at Alexander Bridge, the Commission say: Friday, September 18, 1863, 10 A. M. to 4 P. M. This is incorrect; the inscription on this marker reads: Friday, September 18, 1863, 10 A. M.
On page 168, referring to the marker of the Thirty- fifth Indiana west of Dyer House, near the old cemetery, tJierc is no reference to time, yet tlie inscription on marker reads:
Saturday, September 19, 1863, 3 A. M. to 9 A. M.
On page 179 of the inscription on marker of the Thirty-Eighth Indiana on Winfrey field, the Commission say it contains the following as to time:
Saturday, September 19, 1863.
This is incorrect; the inscription as to time on this marker reads:
Saturday, September 19, 1863. 10 A. M. to 11 A. M. On page 190 of the inscription on marker of the
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 25 I
Forty-fourth Indiana on North Kelly field, the Commission say:
Sunday, September 20, 1863, 10 A. M. to 12 M.
This is incorrect; the inscription on marker reads: Sunday, September 20, 1863, 10 A. M. to 11 A. M.
On page 251 of the inscription on the marker of the Eighty-sixth Indiana in the Brotherton woods, we find as to time the following:
Saturday, September 19, 1863, 2 P. M. to 3:30 P. M.
This is incorrect; the marker on battle field reads: Saturday, September 19, 1863, 2 P. M.
And of another marker to this regiment west of La- Fayette road, near northwest corner of Kelly field we find the following:
Sunday, September 20, 1863, 10 A. M. to 12 M.
The inscription on marker on battle field reads:
Sunday, September 20, 1863, 11 A. M. to 12 M.
On page 250 referring to inscription on the monument of the Eighty-sixth Indiana we find the following:
Sunday morning, September 20th, in line west of LaFayette road near Kelly field, severely engaged for a short time with Breckinridge's troops, and upon retiring took position on the ridge near the Snodgrass house, and about 5 P. M. marched to McFarland's Gap.
The official inscription on the monument to the eighty- sixth reads:
Sunday morning, September 20th, in the line west of LaFayette road near Kelly field, severely engaged for a short time with Breckin- ridge's troops, and upon retiring took position on, the next ridge beyond the Snodgrass house, and about 5 P. M. marched to McFarland's Gap.
And, on the same page speaking of the inscription on the monument of the eighty-sixth regiment, we find the name of Major Jacob C. Dick,^ who commanded the reg-
1— Vol. 30, Part 1, War Records, paae H29.
252 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
iment both days in the battle of Chickamauga, omitted, and the name of George F Dick, Colonel, who was in command of a brigade, substituted. This is an act of cruel injustice to Major Dick. The Commission certainly had knowledge of this fact, as James R. Carnahan, secretary, was a member of that regiment.
On page 264, referring to the markers of the Eighty- eighth Indiana, the Commission say:
A marker has been placed for this regiment on the Hne occupied by it on Saturday night west of the Brotherton field near the tan yard.
There is no reference to time, yet the marker on battle field bears the following:
Saturday, September 19, 1868, 6:30 P. M. to 7:;30 A. M.
And on same page, referring to another marker of this regiment south of the McDonald house, all reference to time is omitted, although the marker bears the following inscription:
Sunday, September 20, 1863, 8:45 A. M.
These are material changes of the facts shown on markers and monuments of this regiment on the battle field. Why were they made ? We leave the Commission to explain why they misquote the official records in their report.
To further show the character of the State Commis- sion's report, a statement of facts by the Chairman of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga .National Park Commission is submitted, as follows :
WAR DEPARTMENT CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL PARK COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
E. W. High, Esq., September 4, 1901
Metamora, Indiana. Dear Sir :
You ask rhe in regard to the general accuracy of the report of the Indiana Chickamauga Commission.
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 253
Where there is so much that is excellent, it is not pleasant to point out inexcusable errors which seriously impair the value of the book to all except those who are able to detect them from their personal knowledge of the field. To fail to call your attention to enough of these errors to indicate the character of the State Commission's volume would be to tacitly approve it.
Beginning on page 25, the Official Roster of the National Commission with its notes regarding the move- ments of each command is inserted. On page 35 of this roster, as reproduced, the following appears in the notes relating to VanCleve's Division:
A portion of Dick's brigade reached the left, and the Forty-fourth and Eighty-sixth Indiana, with the Ninth and Seventeenth Kentucky with fragments of both brigades, afterwards rallied on Snodgrass Hill' under Harker.
In the above the words "and Eighty-sixth Indiana "have been deliberately interpolated into this official paper of the War Department. This manipulation of an official doc- ument would be improper even if the Eighty-sixth Indiana did rally on Snodgrass Hill, which it did not, and, in mak- ing up the inscription for the monument for this regiment, that fact was recognized by the Indiana Commission.
On page 250, this mutilation of an official record is further supported in the text of the State Commission's history of this regiment, where this appears:
In the final struggle of that day the Eighty-sixth found its place on Marker's Hill, until, at the close of the battle, it, with all the troops was withdrawn towards Chattanooga, etc.
And, on the same page, the official inscription on the monutnent to the Eighty-sixth, as approved by the Secre- tary of War, is misquoted, so as to read that the Eighty- sixth " upon retiring took position on the ridge near the Snodgrass House, and about 5 P. M. marched to McFar- land's Gap. "
The approved inscription on the monument reads:
2 54 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I.V. I.
' ' Took position on the next ridge beyond the Snodgrass House," and this, at the time of its approval, was accepted by the Indiana Commission. But now they misquote it in their report.
Page 99, speaking of the Ninth Indiana, this appears :
—and so well was the work done that General Boynton, the historian of this field, has said that the Ninth Indiana, by its gallant work at the Brotherton house, saved the day for the Union army.
General Boynton never said this most absurd thing, and while this regiment did valiant and valuable service at that point, nothing could be more absurd than such a state- ment about it. Further than this, the statement that he never said it was communicated to a member of the Indiana Commission in ample time to have kept it out of this official volume.
Page 135: In the history of this regiment it is further said that it was hurried Sunday evening to the support of Brannan on Snodgrass Hill, and "Here it went int® position on the front line, and was hotly engaged, continuing in action until 8 P. M., when the battle of Chickamauga closed."
It was not put in position on the front line, but in the second. It was not hotly engaged there, nor in fact engaged at all, except that it added a few scattering shots to a single volley of another regiment, which was the only firing after the Ninth arrived.
On the same page, what purports to be the inscription on the monument of the Ninth is given. This, in part, is as follows:
Near dusk was sent to the right of Brannan's division, and after the capture of the three regiments on the right, and some of its own men, fired upon the capturing force and held its position until 8 P. M., when it withdrew.
This part of the inscription, as approved by the Secre- tary of War, reads :
INDIANA CHICKAMAUGA COMMISSION. 255
It was then sent at dusk to the right of Brannan's Division, and after the capture of the troops to its right took part in the successful move- ment of VanDerveer's Brigade for the protection of that flank, following that brigade in its withdrawal about 8 P. M.
Page 223: In the history of the 79th Indiana it is twice stated that Carnes' Battery was captured by this reg- iment. This was a matter of full discussion with the Indiana Commission, and it was pointed out that the official reports, including that of the colonel of the regiment, the brigade commander, and the commanding officers of each of the other regiments of the brigade, agree that every regiment in the brigade participated in the capture of the battery. All this has been ignored and incorrect history substituted.
Page 233 :
To Col. Morton C. Hunter, and to him alone, is due the establish- ing of the line on Snodgrass Hill. He had no orders to go there; no other officer was ordered there until he had established his line there, and to him is due, by his conduct on that day, the credit of saving the Union Army at Chickamauga.
On page 235 this claim is further set forth:
If Gen. Thomas deserves the name of " The Rock of Chickamauga," and all do cheerfully accord it to him, then to the colonel of the Eighty- second Indiana, Morton C. Hunter, is due the credit of being the first of^cer, and his regiment the first regiment, that made it possible for Thomas to bear that proud title. It was Morton C. Hunter, with his reg- iment, that made the first stand, formed the first line on Snodgrass Hill on that memorable Sunday afternoon, and by their stubborn fighting held the ground until the lines were built on either side, upon which Long- street hurled his army until it fell back, broken and crushed, and Chatta- nooga was saved.
The 82d was a splendid regiment and did excellent service, but Colonel Hunter did not do these things. Snod- grass Hill was first occupied by Sirwell's Brigade of Neg- ley's Division with artillery.
There are various instances where inscriptions on mon- uments and markers as set forth in the book, do not agree
250 SIXTV-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
with either the text as it actually appears, or with the text as officially approved, but the errors already pointed out sufficiently illustrate the methods of this report. Undoubt- edly the great part of the volume is accurate, but where such treatment of the work in hand as is pointed out above exists, none except experts in Chickamauga history can separate between the reliable and the erroneous portions.
Very truly yours,
H. V. BOYNTON,
Chairman of Commission.
The Indiana Chickamauga Commission in submitting their report to Governor James A. Mount, say:
Sir: Under instructions of the Indiana Chickamauga and Chatta- nooga Mili ary Park Commission, and in compliance with an Act of the Indiana Legislature, we herewith submit the report of said Commission in so far as the work done on the Chickamauga battle field is concerned.
This report purports to be a true record of work done and duties performed under the act of 1895.
That it is not an accurate report, we believe this re- view of only a small portion of the book, will clearly show. The Commission had full knowledge ot the text of all inscriptions on the monuments and markers of Indiana troops. In fact they were prepared by them and sub- mitted to the National Commission for approval, as required by law. In view of the facts stated, it is diffi- cult to understand why the report should contain so many glaring errors, material changes in texts of inscriptions as they appear on the field, and perversions of correct history, affecting the service and honor of our soldiers. Our attention was attracted to these errors in a search in the book for the record given to the troops of E. A. King's brigade, which revealed many errors, and changes in the text as officially approved, and as it appeared on the field, a part of which only are cited. The list of
INDIANA CHICK AMAUGA COMMISSION. 257
inscriptions on the monuments and markers of our troops, incorporated in this chapter, is an accurate copy from the files, and a true history of the work of the Indiana Commis- sion as it appears at the Park, the report of the Indiana Commission to the contrary notwithstanding.
17
CHAPTER XVIII.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
GEORGE HENRY THOMAS.
George Henry Thomas was born in Southampton county, Virginia, July 31, 18 16. In 1836 he was appointed a cadet to the U. S. Mihtary Academy, where he gradu- ated July I, 1840, and promoted in the army to second lieutenant. Third Artillery. He was sent to Florida, where he served for two years, taking part in the capture of seventy Seminoles, November 6, 1841, and brevetted first lieutenant for gallantry. He remained on duty in the south and southwest until 1845, when his regiment was ordered to Texas with the army of occupation. In the war with Mexico, Thomas was engaged in the defense of Fort Brown, in the battle of Monterey, and in that of Buena Vista; in all of which he was distinguished, and brevetted captain and major for gallantry in the last named battles. After Buena Vista he remained in garrison at the mouth of the Rio Grande until the close of the war, when again for a year in Florida. Transferred to West Point in 185 i, he served as instructor of cavalry and artillery at the Military Academy until 1854, when ordered to California with his regiment, in which he had obtained a captaincy December 24, 1853. In May, 1855, Thomas was appointed major of the newly organized Second Cavalry, with which he served in Texas for five years. In i860, in a skirmish with Indians,
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
259
he received a wound in the face, and in November follow- ing he was given a leave of absence. A. S. Johnston was colonel, R. E. Lee, lieutenant-colonel, and W. J. Hardee was the senior major of the regiment. Among the officers were Earl VanDorn, E. Kirby Smith, Fitz Hugh Lee and John B. Hood, all of whom resigned to enter the armies of the south and bore conspicuous parts in the rebel armies. He reported for duty April 14, 1861, at Carlisle barracks, Pennsylvania, where his regiment had arrived in a disorgan- ized condition, shorn of all its equipments by the treachery of Twiggs, and at once set about the work of reorganizing his command. A few days later Virginia in convention assembled passed a resolution of secession; sixty days later Thomas crossed the Potomac at the head of his command, and entered his native State to aid in the maintenance of the Union. In a conversation with an officer of the army Thomas said: "I have thought it all over, and I shall stand firm in the service of the government." He did stand firm thereafter on many battlefields, where his firm-' ness averted disaster. April 25th he was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel second cavalry, and colonel May 3, 1861. In August his regiment was changed from Second to Fifth Cavalry. He commanded a brigade at the action of Hoge's Run July 2, at Martinsburg July 3, and at Bunker Hill July I 5. August 17th he was promoted to be brigadier-general of volunteers, and transferred to Kentucky, where he attained command of the First Division, Army of the Ohio. In Novem- ber and December he moved against the enemy, then threat- ening the flank and rear of Buell's army. The battle of Mill Springs, January 19-20, 1862, resulting in the defeat of Crittenden, was the most important victory yet gained in the west, and brought Thomas into notice, and laid the foundation of the greater fame he was yet to achieve. From April 9 to May 30 he commanded the right wing of the Army of the Tennessee. On the advance into Ken- tucky he was appointed second in command of the Army
26o SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
of the Ohio. In the latter part of October the Depart- ment of the Cumberland was revived with General Rose- crans in command, the troops under him to constitute the Fourteenth Army Corps, consisting of three divisions: Thomas was assigned to the command of the center, and at the battle of Stone River, by his firmness, saved the Army of the Cumberland. In January. 1863, the Army of the Cumberland was divided into three army corps, and Thomas assigned to command of the Fourteenth. At the battle of Chickamauga he commanded the left and center. The history of the second day's battle — the record of Thomas' finii resistance for about five hours against the whole rebel army, after our right was routed, is told in the pages of this volume. He retired to Chatta- nooga by order of General Rosecrans, and on October 20 was assigned to command of the Department of the Cum- berland. In October he was appointed brigadier-general in the regular army. In the battles at Chattanooga in November he commanded the center and successfully stormed Missionary Ridge, after the plans of the general in command had failed. He participated in the campaign against Atlanta, and in latter part of September was detached from the army in Georgia and placed in chief command in Tennessee, with large powers, to look after the rebel general. Hood, while Sherman marched to the sea. The story of the wonderful work achieved by him in that campaign is told in chapter 16 of this book. Soon after the defeat and destruction of Hood's army, Thomas was appointed to be major-general in the regular army. He commanded the military division of the Tennessee, 1865-6: the Department of the Tennessee, 1866-67: the third military district, Georgia, Florida and Alabama, and the Department of the Cumberland, 1867-69.
James G. Blaine^ speaking of promotions in the army at the close of the rebellion, said: "Thomas had received his promotion on account of the great victory at Nashville,
1 — Twenty Years of Congress, Yol. 2, pp 429-130.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 26 I
without which Sherman might have been seriously embar- assed in his march to the sea. * * * The proposition to make three lieutenant-generals (Meade, Sheridan and Thomas) was canvassed in military and congressional circles; but the general aversion to a large military establishment in time of peace prevented its favorable consideration, and these eminent soldiers received no attention or favor from Congress after their work had been crowned with success by the suppression of the rebellion and the complete restor- ation of the Union. Thomas left Washington soon after President Grant's inauguration to take command of the Department of the Pacific. He was disappointed in his expectations and depressed in feeling. He died suddenly a year later (March 28, 1870) at the age of fifty-four. His death was noticed in a peculiarly impressive manner by a meeting of the two branches of Congress in the Hall of Representatives, to hear addresses commemorative of his character. * "-^ "''" Peculiar circumstances surrounded the career of Thomas, imparting great interest and enlist- ing on his behal-ha strong affection among the loyal people of the Nation. The popular regret that he had not been appropriately recognized by the National Government for his great services, was deepened by his untimely death. The regard usually felt by soldiers for their successful leader was exceptionally stronj^ in his case, and manifested itself in many acts of personal devotion. He was com- mended to popular favor by his steadfast loyalty to the Union, when he was subjected to all the temptations and all the inducements which had led- Lee and Johnston into the rebellion. He, like them, was born in Virginia, was reared in Virginia, was appointed to the army from Virginia: but in the hour of peril to the Government he remembered that he was a citizen and soldier of the United States, and had sworn to uphold the Constitution. How well he main- tained his faith to his country is written in the history of great battles and great victories."
262 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
At the close of the war when a grateful people were making presents of houses and money to the successful leaders of our armies, a fund of one hundred thousand dollars, and a furnished house was raised for Thomas. When the representatives of the donors called upon him to complete the gift, he firmly declined, saying: "I have only discharged my duty to my Government and have been paid for my services. I must decline your offer." This act shows the grandeur of his patriotism.
Thomas' character and military achievements are forcefully set out in the following tribute by Major General James H. Wilson,^ the greatest cavalry leader of the Union army in the Civil war.
oV * * -A * *
"It VN^as my great and inestimable privilege to know personally nearly every one of the corps and army com- manders on both sides of the great conflict. I served with or against most of them, and I may claim without egotism that I enjoyed the closest intimacy with those who were in actual command of the national forces during the closing campaign. I know you will pardon me for calling your attention to the fact that I served on T. W. Sherman's and David Hunter's staffs during the Port Royal expedition, on McClellan's staff during the Antietam Campaign, on Grant's staff during the Vicksburg and Chattanooga Campaign — the period of his greatest performances and his greatest glory. I administered the Cavalry Bureau in Washington, commanded a division of cavalry under Sheridan, Meade, and Grant, and a corps of seven divisions under Sherman and Thomas, and thus, face to face, soul to soul, in the pure atmosphere of campaign and battle, I have studied their characters and peculiarities, and have come to know those illustrious leaders, not only as soldiers and generals, but as men and citizens of the great republic, as none but a comrade can know them. I have read the history of
1— Address before Society of the Army of the Cumberland at Columbus, (,)hio, in 1897.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 263
other times, and studied the hves of great men of all countries and of all ages, and I submit with diffidence, but also with absolute confidence, that I am a good witness in their behalf.
V: * iV -* * *
"And now having said so much for the great men that all Americans love to honor, may I not emphasize the lesson I would teach, and have you teach to your sons, by dwelling awhile upon the life and character of one who if not the most fortunate among them, was the most modest, the most steadfast, the most deserving — "the noblest Roman of them all.^" Need I in the presence of his surviv- ing comrades give him further name or description? Ah! my fellow soldiers, I see that you recognize his stalwart form, his eagle eye, his calm and lofty demeanor, his imperial presence! You know him by his heroic attributes, and so long as life lasts you can never forget him.
" But bear with me yet awhile. He has not altogether escaped envy, jealousy and misrepresentation which are the unconscious tribute ignoble souls offer to those above them. His motives have been questioned^ his actions have been impugned, even his honors have been claimed by others, but in every case his assailants have been put to confusion and discussion has served but to exalt his char- acter and intensify the admiration of his countrymen! In no single instance did he feel called upon to break silence or to write a word in his own behalf, but calmly and serenely he stood upon his record confident that it would vindicate him in the end, and nobly has it justified his faith. His friends and comrades throughout the land — those who knew him best — were swift to defend his good name, to ascertain the facts and to write them into history, till now he stands spotless and alone, while those who would have injured him deny their complicity or claim that they were entrapped into the work of detraction.
" Let us now take a closer look at the lofty figure we
264 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
have been contemplating. Peerless as he is, George Henry Thomas did not come by chance to his exalted stature. He was the natural product of the family and race to which he belonged, of the times and institutions which shaped him, of the education and training which he received, and of the opportunities he enjoyed. He came of a good old Virginian family, long planted in the land, of a mingled Welsh-English and Huguenot strain, solid, self-reliant, self-respecting, but neither rich nor aristocratic. His people held slaves and plantations and their share of the smaller public of^ces, but put on no airs. They were neither dough-faces nor fire-eaters, but straightforward, serious, virtuous men and women, who were subordinate to authority, and did their part modestly but thoroughly as far back as we get any account of them. Just how or when they left the country of their origin, or reached the Old Dominion, can not be precisely stated, nor does it matter much, but it must have been in that troublous half century which included the deposition of Charles I, the overthrow of the Commonwealth, the expulsion of James H, and the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. I say. It must have been, for the qualities which characterized the wise and thorough soldier were mainly inherited. They could have had their origin only in the experiences and traditions of the Cromwellian times, and from ancestors who got their discipline and set on the one side from the Condes, and on the other from the new model army — that wonderful body of fifty thousand men. organized by Cromwell himself, which for eighteen years, the entire period of its existence, never counted the numbers or race of those arrayed against it, and from one end of Great Britain to the other — from one end of Europe to the other — never once showed its back to the foe, and never once met an enemy it did not overcome. Such steadiness, such subordination, such seri- ous purpose, such grim and unhesitating courage, and such confidence in its leaders, were never before or since found
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 265
in an English army. Indeed, it was one of the best organ- ized, best administered and most successful armies that ever existed, and nothing in history better illustrates the advantage of careful selection of the men, thorough organ- ization, complete equipment, constant instruction and rigid discipline than the story of this remarkable force, and its still more remarkable triumph over the equally gallant and more numerous, but less thoroughly organized, forces of the royalist party. May I not say, it was the archetype and exemplar, the ample justification of all that is good in the military organizations of our race, and that the Fourteenth Corps and the Army of the Cumberland, both of which owed more to Thomas than to any other man, resembled it more closely than any other corps or army ever organized on this continent?
" But whether Thomas owed to inheritance any thing more than a strong mind, in a stalwart, robust body — whether he was a Cromwellian, Cavalier or Huguenot— is after all merely a matter of speculation, but when we come to his education^ and training, we come to solid ground. We know he derived from the schools of his native county sufficient education to qualify him for admission to West Point, where he graduated with the honorable standing of twelfth in his class of sixty-one members. He was assigned to and served in the artillery through the Mexican war with marked distinction, winning in rapid succession the brevets of first lieutenant, captain and major for "conspicuous skill and gallantry," and for "gallant and meritorious con- duct," and established for himself a solid reputation for patience, firmness, fortitude and daring intrepidity, as well as for highly scientific and accurate attainments in his profession. His captain was Thomas W. Sherman, one of the best soldiers and sternest disciplinarians our army ever had in it.
"It is to be observed that Thomas was always a seri- ous, industrious, practical person. He learned to make sad-
266 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
dies, harness and shoes when a boy, and all through hfe was a close student of history, philosophy, and of the art and science of war. He came out of the Mexican campaign with a reputation second to no man of his grade. From that time forward he was employed in all parts of the country, from Fort Yuma to Boston, and in all the duties which might fall to the lot of a subaltern. He was in turn quartermaster, commissary, engineer, recruiting officer, battery commander, and, finally, instructor of cavalry and artillery at West Point; thus acquiring not only practical familiarity with all the duties of an officer's life, but also the highest theoretrical and scientific knowledge of his pro- fession. He was never a man of idle or protiigate habits. He wasted no time in riotous living. He passed through all the trials and exposure of a military life without ever taking on a single military or social vice. He was far from being an ascetic or a prig, but he grew steadily in character and intellect and in the appreciation of those around and above him, and it is no disparagement of him if I add, he was not unconscious of it.
"When the two regiments of cavalry were added to the regular army in 1855, and Jefferson Davis, then Secre- tary of War, selected the officers for them, he put Sumner, Joe Johnston, Emory and Sedgwick in as field officers of the first; Albert Sidney Johnston, Lee, Hardee and Thomas as the field officers of the second. The captains and lieu- tenants were selected with the same care, and were the pick and flower of the army. It is safe to say that no two regiments in our army, or in any other army, for that matter, ever had so many fine — may I not properly say, so many great — officers in them. Each of the field officers afterward came to command a corps or an independent army, and all rose to the highest distinction. In following and contrasting their subsequent careers, it is abundantly manifest that in all that constitutes moral and intellectual worth and true greatness, Thomas was the peer of the highest, if not the very first, amongst them all.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 26/
' ' To say that, in the dark and uncertain days that marked the close of Buchanan's administration, before the steadying hand of Lincohi was placed upon the helm of state, Thomas was not in doubt as to his own future or as to what would become of him, would be misleading and untrue. It would be as absurd as to say that a strong man, seeing the ship on which he was embarked going headlong on the rocks of a lee shore, would not look about him to find some plank or spar upon which he would try to save the lives of himself and family. There is not one scintilla of evidence beyond that, nothing whatever, to show that he ever sought or thought of a place outside of the army, except in the con- tingency of both army and government going to wreck and ruin — nothing whatever to show that he ever for one mo- ment thought of foreswearing his allegiance to the Consti- tution and Union, or offering his sword to the Confederacy, or even to his native state. As you all know, he was a thoughtful and deliberate man, and never chose his path by chance, even in regard to trivial matters. It was as impossible for him to do so in matters of pith and moment as for the earth to forsake its true, fixed and destined course around the sun!
"And so, when our great captain, the immortal Lincoln, took his post and got his bearings, and accepted the appeal to the God of battles, in all the host which came to his support there was not one more willing, more steadfast, more courageous, or more loyal, than Thomas, the pure- hearted, high-souled Virginian! The sophistry of states- rights, the appeal of sectionalism, the claim of personal interest, the intercession of the politicians, the demands of family ties, were alike powerless to confuse his mind, or to deflect him so nmch as a hair's breadth from his solemn duty to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of the United States, and to protect and defend them from all their enemies and opposers whatsoever.
"I have no word to say here against the great abilities
268 SIXTY- EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
and the almost transcendent leadership of Robert E. Lee, also a Virginian of knightly lineage, but I cannot forbear pointing out that he too had taken that solemn oath of allegiance time and again — more frequently because he had received more commissions than Thomas. He had been superintendent of the Academy at West Point, where they have always taught the young men sent there for their edu- cation that the oath of allegiance not only binds them fast to the National Government, but acts as an abjuration of allegiance to all other states, powers and principalities. Nothing could be plainer or more comprehensive than the language of that oath; and I venture to express the belief that never for one day in his life did Robert E. Lee find sophistry or casuistry or legal argument strong enough to justify or satisfy him down in the innermost recesses of his soul that he was right in throwing up his commission in the army, for which he had been educated, and arraying himself with those who sought to overthrow the Union and subvert its Constitution, that sacred instrument of govern- ment which he too had sworn time and again to defend from all its enemies and opposers whatsoever!
" Rest assured, my comrades, the great Confederate leader had his Nemesis — a reproving conscience — "which doth make cowards of us all;" and I can not for one instant doubt that that high moralist and great soldier, both of which he was, would have felt himself a higher moralist and a greater soldier, and would in fact have been a stronger and greater soldier, if he had never forsworn his allegiance, but had held right on to the end, side by side with Thomas, upholding the starry flag and " keeping step to the music of the Union!"
" Here it is proper for me to remind you that Thomas never deft the army for an hour, like Grant, Sherman, McClellan, Burnside, and Stonewall Jackson, "to taste the oil of experience and the vinegar of a checkered career. " He scarcely took leave of absence, but wedded to the pro-
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 269
fession of arms as his "principal honor, study and occupa- tion," he grew in wisdom and strength and character as he grew in years — and when the hour of trial came, was found at his post fully prepared and ready for the high destiny which awaited him. It is true, that he was doubted and distrusted and, perhaps, misrepresented at first because he was a Virginian and a Southerner, but thanks to Lincoln, who never long did any man injustice, and thanks to his own modest, but resolute, performance of duty, he was made colonel, and soon afterward brigadier-general, and finally major-general, and in all these grades his deeds are a part of your imperishable records. Transferred to Ken- tucky, he was first to win a Union victory; and Mill Spring, which came shortly after the ignomin}^ of Bull Run, lifted the country from doubt and depression and inspired it with hope, if not with enthusiasm. The glory of this victory was, however, soon eclipsed by the greater glory of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson and the capture of an entire rebel army. It brought Grant at once into national prom- inence, shifted the center of interest to another and a more advanced theater of operations, and left Buell and Thomas for a while to play a secondary part. The forces of Buell were soon welded into the Army of the Cumberland, while those of Grant became the Army of the Tennessee. These two mighty organizations were thenceforth destined to co- operate closely with each other till the end of the war, and they became rivals and competitors in glory. Although often separated by long distances, they supplemented and supported each other in all their great campaigns. Each, also, upon more than one occasion, assisted the other in battle, and each claims to have saved the other from defeat or destruction. The Army of the Cumberland points with pride and confidence to the surprise of Shiloh and the siege of Corinth; the Army of the Tennessee to the siege of Chattanooga and the magnificent victory of Missionary Ridge as the sufficient vindication of its claims.
70 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
"It is not my purpose here to weigh the evidence and decide upon the merits of these honorable contentions. What I wish to point out at this time is that those armies, notwithstanding their common dangers, their common toils and their common victories, were never altogether friendly with each other. They differed essentially in the perfection of their organization, of their discipline and of their admin- istration, and this difference had its origin primarily in the difference of the character of their commanders.
" It will not be forgotten that shortly after their junction on the field of Shiloh, where Grant and Thomas met for the first time during the war, Grant was practically relieved of actual command by Halleck, the generalissimo, and was nominalh^ announced as second in command of the com- bined armies, while his divisions were added to that of Thomas, thus giving the latter actual authority over about half of the mighty column. Grant, who was really in dis- grace, was constantly ignored and snubbed, and of course felt deeply wronged and humiliated. His only friend was Sherman, who discouraged him from resigning and assured him that time would make all things right for him. Thomas was in no way to blame, but having been singled out by Halleck as the recipient of marked favor and confidence became thus innocently and unconsciously the instrument of injustice if not the object of jealousy and suspicion. There was no rupture between him and Grant then or afterward, but equally there was no rapprochement. They treated each other with dignified reserve throughout that campaign and never became intimate or confidential with each other. It is but proper to say again, those two remarkable men differed in person, in habit, in idiosyncrasy, in ability, in professional attainment, in moral worth and in character, almost as much as any two men on either side — and it is perhaps not too much to add that Thomas did not regard himself as the inferior of his more fortunate rival in respect to any of these qualities.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 2/1
"And who can blame him it, looking back over their past lives, he should have said to himself then or afterward, as when actually superseded in chief command by Grant at Chattanooga: 'I graduated higher than this man, went into a higher branch of the service, gained greater distinc- tion, won more brevets, led a more studious and creditable life, am a better soldier, a more rigid disciplinarian and a more successful organizer, and I am at least his equal in desserts and success as a general. If he captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, I won the battle of Mill Springs, and helped to save his army afterward at Shiloh. If he captured Vicksburg, I won the battle of Chickamauga and saved Chattanooga. ' Far be it from me to intimate that he ever did say this to any human being. I only suggest that he may have felt it, and if he did feel it, who can blame him for it.' Who can blame him if he went even further in his reflections and said to himself. ' I did not need this man's supervision. I not only held Chattanooga for him, but, with the Army of the Cumberland, I was mainly instrumental in winning the battle of Missionary Ridge.'' Who can blame him if still later, with heightening indignation, he said to himself: 'For that matter I did not need Sherman's supervision either. I held my own and did my part throughout the Atlanta campaign, and afterward furnished forth the holiday march to the sea, with the bulk of my seasoned veterans, and the pick and choice of my transpor- tation, while I was sent back to Nashville to organize an army from the scattered detachments of three departments with which to make head against the oncoming and valiant host that for six months had withstood the onset of a hun- dred thousand men.'
"Who can blame him if he finally grew impatient at the repeated outcries which came from the headquarters of the armies in the East, while, with watchful and incessant care, with due deliberation and imperturable coolness, with the consummate art of a master, he stayed the progress of
I"]! SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
the invader, gathered in his detachments, and, while march- ing and fighting, welded them, around the Fourth Corps and the handful of cavalry which happily they had left him, into an invincible army? He knew the fierce, aggressive temper of his adversary, he knew the necessity of thor- ough preparation, and of a coherent force to resist him. He knew that Sherman had marched out of the real theater of war, and that the Confederate leaders, availing them- selves of this great opportunity, were making their last desperate adventure toward Nashville; that the Army of the Potomac was lying supinely in its comfortable camps; that the eyes of the country were upon him, and above all he knew he must make no mistake, must suffer no defeat, but when the final conflict came, must win a decisive vic- tory not only for his own sake, and for the great interests with w^hich he was charged, but to save those who had left him behind from everlasting disgrace.
" Who can blame him if in the midst of all his labors, and after he had with consummate skill concentrated his forces at the great strategic center of his theater of opera- tions, organized his army, remounted his cavalry, and completed his arrangements all within an incredibly short time, to strike a fatal blow, and was delayed from striking it only by the hand of Providence — by the rains, the inclement blasts and frosts, which covered the country with a glare of ice over which it was impossible to move with safety, or to fight with success, he cried out after the meeting with his corps commanders on the memorable loth of December, for the first time in all his honorable life, with indignation which he would have been base to conceal: 'Wilson, they treat me as though I were a boy! They do not seem to think in Washington that I know enough to plan a campaign or to fight a battle. Now, if they will let me alone, I'll show them what we can do. You know that we shall win this battle and that we shall fight as soon as it is possible!" I shall never forget his flashing
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
eye, the firm set of his jaw, the grim determination of his countenance or the majestic attitude of his person, when he uttered those impressive words. Themisto- cles, the Athenian hero, could not have appeared more Godhke when he declared: ' I know not how to play the lute, but I know how to make a small state great and powerful. ' It was as though our beloved leader had said in terms: 'I know not how to dissemble or to offer excuses, I know not how to complain — but I know how to weld recruits, hospital men, quartermaster's employes, aud scattered detachments into an army, and to make that army invincible!'
"Time will not permit me to enlarge upon the incidents of that extraordinary campaign, nor upon the battle and pursuit which followed. They have been fully set forth in history; all the obscure points have been made clear, all the disputes have been settled, and it is but the simple truth to add, that Thomas stands before all the world to-day, not only untouched by false claims and misrepre- sentations, by cahimny and detraction, but as the stainless gentleman, the ideal soldier, the peerless general of the great Civil war.
"While he was habitually as calm, deliberate, and impassive as an Indian chieftain before others, he had his feelings for all that, and was a proud, sensitive, honorable man, who scorned to plead his own cause or to ' crook the pregnant hinges of the knee that thrift might follow fawning.' Nothing better illustrates the depth or inten- sity of his feelings than the sequel to the passionate out- burst I have just related, which came on the night of the 1 6th of December, after the victory was gained and the enemy was in full retreat. It was dark as Erebus — so dark, indeed, that one could scarcely see his horse's ears. The cavalry was thundering upon the heels of the enemy; the clashing of sabers, the rattle of musket and pistol shot, ' the noise of the captains and the shouting,' made that
18
274 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. 1.
night hideous, and in the midst of it all I heard the pon- derous gallop of a heavy horseman on the turnpike close behind, and then a great shape loomed up out of the dark along side of me. Instinctively I divined that it was Thomas, with whom I had parted less than two hours before, ordering Schofield to advance. Instinctively I guessed who and what was coming, and yet all doubt was instantly dispelled by the exultant voice of the great leader shouting in my ear: ' Is that you, Wilson? Dang it to hell, didn't I tell you we could lick 'em.^ Did'nt I tell you we should lick 'em.^' And before I could reply, ' You are right, General, we've done it,' the big horseman had turned about and was galloping back through the darkness toward Nashville!
"Never was a great man more splendidly vindicated than was Thomas by the campaign and battle of Nashville, by the pursuit which followed, and by the great events for which they prepared the way. Never was the use of cav- alry better illustrated. Never was the advantage of com- plete preparation more fully demonstrated. Never did the professional soldier, who knew his business and would have all things right, more signally triumph over impatient and unnecessary supervision. And yet that splendid army was shortly afterward broken up, and its peerless organizer left almost without a command. Withal, they could not belittle him nor disturb the faith of his comrades in hmi. His character stood four-square and unshaken to all the visita- tions of fate. Others received the great rewards of vic- tory; others received the high commands; others received the new rank of lieutenant-general, and of general; others received political office and presents of money; others re- ceived donations of houses and lots from their grateful countrymen. Our great captain was not without his am- bition, and it is no disparagement of him to say, when he saw himself overslaughed by his inferiors, his proud soul was wounded to the quick, and yet he kept silent, except
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 275
to those who were closest to him. True it is, that the legis- lature of Tennessee gave him a gold medal for his success- ful defense of their capital, but when they hesitated later about hanging his portrait in their gallery of worthies, he would have sent their medal indignantly back to them but for the reparation they made haste to tender him. Still later, his admiring friends offered him also a house com- pletely furnished, and although he was a poor man, and had surrendered his patrimony to his Southern relations, he gently but firmly declined. Again, he was like the Athenian hero, who, after destroying the Persian fleet at Salamis, crossing the strand thickl}' strewn with the gor- geous armor, trappings and jewels of the Persian warriors, was asked by his officers to help himself to the rich spoils of victory. 'No!' loftily replied the conqueror. 'You may take these things, for you are not Themistocles! '
' ' This is not the time nor the occasion for further de- tails, nor may I longer delay you to compare and contrast our hero with his contemporaries, and still less may I do so to compare ^lim with the great captains of history. Others may do that. And yet I may sum it all up by saying that he was worthy of all honor, worthy of your highest admiration, worthy of his countrymen's most grateful recollection. He was a great artillerist, a great cavalryman, a great infantryman, a great organizer, a great leader, and a great general —
"'Patient in toil, serene amidst alarms, Inflexible m faith, invincible in arms!'
"And to a meeting of his surviving comrades what more need to be said .-* We who knew him face to face, realize how impossible it is to do him justice without making others appear small, and that we should not do. We who have yet a little span of life left had better belittle ourselves than to belittle those who have gone before us. xAnd so, my comrades, I know your hearts will go out .with
2/6 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
mine to them, one and all — to Grant and Sherman, and Meade and Sheridan, and Thomas, in the profoundest ad- miration and respect. They have fought the good fight, each according to his light doing his ver}^ best.
"'No further seek their merits to disclose!' They are at peace with each other, with their great antagonists, and with God.
"'The stars look down upon their calm repose As once on tented held, on battle eve; No clash of arms, sad heralder of woes, Now rudely breaks the sleep God's peace enfolds.
"'Their silence speaks and tells of honor, truth; • Of faithful service — generous victory — A nation saved ! For them a people weep — Clasp hands again, through tears; our leaders sleepi'"
/|\ *f\ »H
THOMAS J. WOOD.
Thomas J. Wood was born at Munfordville, Ken- tucky, September 25, 1825. Graduating at West Point in 1845, he was assigned to the Engineer Corps. Upon the opening of the war with Mexico he was ordered to report to General Taylor at Corpus Christi, Mexico. Taking part in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, he was highly commended in General Taylor's official reports. At Monterey he was transferred to the Second Dragoons. Was brevetted for gallant conduct at the battle of Buena Vista. From 1848 to 1854 he served on the Texan frontier — five years as adjutant. In 1855 was promoted captain, and was transferred to the First Cavalry, serving on the frontier and in Indian wars until 1859. Upon leave of absence, he traveled for one year in Europe. At the opening of the war of the Rebellion he was assigned to duty at Indianapolis, Indiana, as post com- mander, and chief mustering officer, serving from May until October, 1861, during that time mustering in all troops reporting at Camp Morton under the President's first call.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 2']J
Being appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, he reported to General W. T. Sherman, and was assigned by him to the command of a division at Bardstown, Kentucky. He campaigned in Kentucky and Tennessee, and was with the Army of the Cumberland under General Don Carlos Buell, in the relief of General Grant at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Was at Corinth and in the campaign in Mississippi, Ten- nessee and Kentucky, in the pursuit of Bragg, which ended with the battle of Perry ville, October 8, 1862. While com- manding his division at the battle of Stone river he was wounded on the morning of the 31st of December, but re- taining his command, he remained on the field until 7 P. M., when he was sent in an ambulance to Nashville, being detained from active duty for about forty days. He de- clined the offer of the conmiand of the post at Nashville, preferring to rejoin his command in the field. His division was the first to occupy Chattanooga in September, 1863. At Chickamauga his horse was shot under him, but mounting that of an orderly, he placed himself at the head of his troops and drove back the enemy at the close of the battle on Saturday. On Sunday the enemy, after repeated assaults upon the left of the Snodgrass Hill Ime under his command, was repulsed. Upon the reorganization of the Army of the Cumberland, he was assigned to the command of the Third Division, Fourth Army Corps, which division assaulted, carried and held Orchard Knob, November 23,
1863, upon the opening of the battles around Chattanooga, and on November 25th the troops of his division were the first to carry Mission Ridge. His division was with the column sent to the relief of Knoxville, and campaigned in east Tennessee during the severe winter of 1863-4, his troops suffering many privations.
In the Atlanta campaign. General Wood was severely wounded at the battle of Lovejoy's Station, September 2,
1864. At the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, General Stanley being wounded, General Wood succeeded in com-
278 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
mand of the Fourth Army Corps, and at the battle of Nashville his corps assaulted and carried the enemy's center, capturing twenty-four pieces of artillery and about three thousand prisoners, continuing in pursuit of the enemy for over one hundred miles. In July, 1865, the Fourth Corps was sent to Texas, General Wood being placed in command of the Department of the Mississippi. General Wood is upon the retired list as a major-general of the arrny, and is now residing at Dayton, Ohio.
JAMES BLAIR STEEDMAN.
James Blair Steedman was borii in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, July 29, 18 17. In early life he removed to what was then known as " the west," and when the Texan war commenced, he joined Sam Houston's army in Texas. Afterward he returned to Ohio. In 1847 a-^d 1848 he was elected as a democrat to the lower house of the Ohio Legislature. In 1857 he was made public printer by the Congress of the United States. In i860 he was a delegate to the National Democratic convention, which met at Charleston, S. C, and adjourned to Baltimore. He supported Stephen A. Douglas. He was a major-general in the Ohio militia, which position he held until he entered the United States service as colonel of the Fourteenth Ohio Volunteers in 1861. He led his regiment in the engagements at Phillippi, Laurel Hill and Carrick's ford in the three-months service. The regiment re-enlisted for three years or during the war, and in the autumn of 1861 was sent to Kentucky. July 17, 1862, he was appointed to be brigadier-general of volunteers, and took part in the battle of Perryville. It was at the battle of Chickamauga that General Steedman rendered his most distinguished service. He was commanding a division in the reserve corps, which was stationed at Red House bridge with orders to hold that point. It was not seriously engaged in Sat-
BIOC.KAPHICAL SKETCHES. 279
urday's battle. On Sunday General Gordon Granger com- manding the reserve corps hearing the sound of a furious battle at Snodgrass House, decided without orders — in fact against orders — to go to the assistance of Thomas and with General Steedman's division reported to General Thomas, and about 3 P. M. was en- gaged on the right of Thomas' line, driving the enemy back over the ridge. This victory was decisive, and won for Steedman, the soubriquet of "Old Chicka- mauga." He was promoted to be major-general of volun- teers for gallantry in that battle. He was next assigned to the command of the District of the Etowah, covering the ter- ritory from the Tennessee to the Etowah rivers, with head- quarters in Chattanooga.
In November, 1864, when the rebel general Hood was marching on Nashville, threatening the invasion of Ken- tucky, General Steedman, with about 5,000 soldiers of all arms, joined General Thomas at Nashville. In the battle' of Nashville Steedman opened the fight, and on the second day of the battle-4iis troops with those of the Fourth Corps under General Wood broke the enemy's lines on the left, and pursued the retreating foe until darkness compelled them to halt. In the pursuit of Hood's army he led his troops to Tuscumbia, Alabama, from where he returned to Chattanooga. He was assigned to the command of the state of Georgia, and resigned in July, 1866. He was appointed by President Johnson, collector of internal revenue at New Orleans. Later he returned to Ohio and was elected to the State Senate, and in 1873 was a mem- ber of the constitutional convention of the state.
m '»» '»» EDWARD A. KING.
Edward A. King, who was killed at the battle of Chicka- mauga, Georgia, September 20, 1863. while commanding the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Fourteenth Army
28o SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Corps, was born in Cambridge, Washington county, state of New York, 1814.
During the Texan> struggle for independence, he raised a company in the city of New Orleans, and reported with his command to General Sam Houston, and served in Texas until her independence was achieved.
He was appointed a captain of infantry March 9, 1847; assigned to the Fifteenth United States Infantry April 9, 1847. Served with his regiment in Mexico from May to September 12, 1847, and was in the following battles: Pasde Ovejas (Tolmes), Mexico, June 6 and 7, 1847; Na- tional Bridge, Mexico, June 11 and 12, 1847; and Chepul- tepec, Mexico, September 12, 1847, where he was severely wounded. Sick in Mexico to October 20, 1847, and absent sick on account of wounds until honorably mustered out, August 4. 1848. Appointed lieutenant-colonel Nineteenth United States Infantry May 14, 1861; promoted to colonel Sixth United States Infantry August i, 1863.
In the summer of 1862 he was assigned to duty in Indianapolis, and in August, 1862, at the time of Bragg's invasion of Tennessee and Kentucky he was appointed colonel of the Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Infantry, and left immediately with his regiment for Kentucky, where he participated in the movements of our army to resist the advance of «the rebel general Bragg. At Munford- ville, Kentucky, on September 17, he was surrendered with his regiment and a large force under Colonel John Wilder. To Colonel King was assigned the duty of delivering the post to the rebel general Buckner, who had been a prisoner of war in his charge at Indianapolis. The Sixty-eighth Regiment had been given a beautiful silken flag — a very handsome one that was highly prized by the regiment. When it was known that the post would be surrendered Colonel King wrapped the flag around his body, under his clothing. The flag was large and increased the size of the Colonel to such an extent that General Buckner
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 28 I
remarked to him that he had increased in weight some- what since they parted at Indianapolis. He wore the national colors in this manner until the regiment arrived in Jeffersonville, Indiana. After exchange Colonel King again took the field with his regiment, and at Murfreesboro was assigned to the Second brigade, Reynolds' division, but his health being impaired he accepted a leave of absence. He rejoined his regiment at University Heights, Tennessee, and assumed command of the brigade at the head of which he distinguished himself during the Chattanooga campaign. Colonel King was a man of noble character, a gallant soldier, and when he laid down his life at Chickamauga, his loss was deeply deplored by the soldiers of his com- mand who had learned to love him.
'•» '»» '•>
FRANK McSHANE.
Frank McShane was born in Dearborn county. Indiana, January 3, 1841, but was reared to manhood in Franklin county, near New Trenton, where he was educated in the district schools. He enlisted in Company A at its organiza- tion, and was in every engagement and battle of the reg- iment, excepting the battles of Orchard Knob and Mission- ary Ridge. At Hoover's Gap, June 24, 1863, was slightly wounded in the mouth, losing two teeth. At Chickamauga was seriously wounded in the face, the ball entering the left cheek and coming out just under the right eye. This oc- curred late on Saturday in Brotherton woods, just as the regiment commenced to fall back. His wound was dressed by Dr. Wooden, and he arrived in Chattanooga Sunday night with wounded under care of Dr. Meredith. He rejoined his company at Knoxville, Tennessee, about April 7, on its return from east Tennessee to Chattanooga. He remained with the regiment to the close of its service, sharing in engagements at Dalton, Georgia, Decatur, Alabama, and the battle of Nashville, Tennessee, and the
282 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
pursuit of Hood's army. Was discharged with his company and regiment June 20, 1865. After the war he located in Morgan county, Indiana, and was engaged in timber busi- ness. Was married in 1877, and was blessed with four sons. He removed with his family in 1880 to Gardner, Kansas, and engaged in farming and stock raising, which he has since followed with both pleasure and profit.
f* fv 1<
JOHN W. HUFFMAN.
|ohn W. Huffman was born in Dearborn county, Indiana, February 24, 1844. He removed with his parents to Ripley county, Indiana, when sixteen years of age. His boyhood was spent on a farm with the usual district school education. Enlisted as a private in Company B Sixty- eighth, August, 1862; was appointed to be sixth corporal; promoted to be sergeant, and on October i, 1864, was pro- moted to first lieutenant of his company, for gallant conduct in action at Dalton, Georgia, where he grasped the colors of his regiment from the hands of the fallen color bearer, and led the line in face of the enemy. His father and two brothers were in the military service in the war of the Rebel- lion— the father dying in Andersonville prison, and one brother falling at Fredericksburg. Lieutenant Huffman was mustered out with his regiment June 20, 1865.
He was married to Miss Martha Shackelford. October 29, 1865. Three children, two sons and one daughter, blessed their union, all of whom survive. His wife, Martha, was a daughter of Erastus Shackelford, who was born in Brown county, Ohio, March 6, 181 5; was married to Miss Mary Stewart, September i, 1836, which union was blessed by eight children — four sons and four daughters, all living. Enlisted in Company F, Sixty-eighth Indiana Volunteers, at the age of forty-seven years. Returning home at his discharge, he removed to Bondurant, Polk county, Iowa, where he died November 15, 1894, at a ripe
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 283
old age. His wife preceded him to the h'fe beyond the grave.
Lieutenant Huffman removed to Poliv county, Iowa, in 1870, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits, his favorite occupation. His farm was highly improved, its fertile acres, handsome shrubbery, and stately groves mak- ing it one of the finest in the state: an ideal home for the gallant soldier and patriot, and his charming wife and loving children. On the 27th day of May, 1897, surrounded by his devoted family, he crossed the "silent river." Was laid to rest in Santiago cemetery on Decoration day.
He was a consistent member of the M. E. Church: was connected wifh Bondurant Lodge No. 243, I. O. O. F. , and Warr Post, No. 17, G. A. R., Mitchelville, Iowa. Comrade Huffman as a soldier and citizen was faithful to every trust and left to his family a competency honorably acquired, and the priceless legacy of a good name.
'0 f » '»» RICHARD L. LEESON.
Richard L. Leeson was born in Wayne county, Indi- ana, on the 8th day of December, 1826. His parents were both of southern extraction. His father was Richard Largent Leeson, a native of Greenbrier county, Virginia.' His mother's maiden name was Jane Dooley. She was a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky. He came from mili- tary ancestry, his father being a lieutenant in Captain Hawkins' company, which went from Eaton, Ohio, to the relief of Fort Meigs, in the war with Great Britain in 1 812-14, at which place he was stationed after the siege was raised, subsequently becoming a colonel of militia under the first militar}' laws of Indiana, and was author of a standard work on military tactics.
The subject of this sketch, until his eighteenth year, passed his time on his father's farm, m the vicinity of which he acquired, through the medium of the district
1 — Nuvv in West Virginia.
284 SIXTY- EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
school, the foundation of an education, to which he has since added by constant application in the ' ' school of life. " He has been twice married — first to Miss Mary J. Brooks, of Centerville, Wayne county, Indiana, who died three years after marriage. There were born of this union two children, both dying in infancy. The second marriage was to Miss Keziah McWhorter, of Metamora, Franklin county, Indiana. She departed this life at Elwood, Indiana, March 24, 1897. There were born to them five children — four sons and one daughter — one of the sons dying in infancy, another in 1901. The other boys are in business with their father at Elwood, Indiana. The daughter is living at Brookville, Indiana, the wife of M. P. Hubbard, a rising young lawyer.
In July, 1862, he assisted in recruiting the Sixty-eighth Indiana Volunteers (holding a commission as second lieu- tenant for that purpose), and entered the service on August 19, 1862, as first lieutenant in Company C of that regi- ment ; w^as promoted to be captain, November 18, 1862, and at close of the war of the rebellion was brevetted major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel for gallant and merito- rious conduct. Captain Leeson took part in what is known as the Kentucky campaign, and participated in the battles of Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Orchard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Dandridge, east Tennessee, and Dalton, Georgia. In the Kentucky campaign. Lieutenant Leeson was on picket duty, in charge of 156 men detailed from eight companies of his regiaient, at Lebanon Junction, at the time his regiment left for Munfordville, on September 15, 1862. General Dumont ordered that these men be organized as a company, and assigned Lieutenant Leeson to its command. This squad, or company, was facetiously termed Company " O." After burning all surplus govern- ment stores, including many damaged army wagons, this company, along with Companies I and B of the Sixty-eighth Indiana, marched to Shepherdsville, where they remained
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 285
two days and made a muster roll for the detachments. While in charge of picket line at this place an incident occurred which might have changed the career of the noted Confederate general Morgan, but for the positive orders of General Dumont not to admit any person within our lines, a)id not to bring thcni in under giunrd. A man in citizen's dress approached the line and was halted by a guard from Company I. He claimed to be Dr. Young, a noted Union man of Muldrough's Hill. Lieutenant Leeson, hearing the talk, went to him and began to question him closely, whereupon he turned away and left them, and had it not been for the orders of General Dumont, Lieutenant Leeson would have arrested him. In 1863, at the time of "Mor- gan's raid" through Indiana and Ohio, the guard from Company I at Shepherdsville, having been discharged, was present at the capture of General Morgan, and they recog- nized each other, and General Morgan, referring to the incident in Kentucky, said he was surprised that he escaped arrest, as he was satisfied that the lieutenant suspected him, and he was glad to get away.
At Hoover's Gap, in June, 1863, Captain Leeson was placed in command of three companies of his regiment, and ordered to a position on the right to drive out some con- federates who had taken possession of a position sheltered by a "clump of timber." He went to the position as di- rected, and with the assistance of a section of the Nineteenth Indiana Battery under command of Captain Harris, drove the enemy from the position without the loss of a man, for which he was highly complimented by his superior officers. At Chickamauga he commanded his company during the two days' battle, being slightly wounded on first day, and on evening of second day, on Horse Shoe Ridge, or Snod- grass Hill, with his regiment took the position of rearguard to Brannan's division. Fourteenth Army Corps, which was the last to leave Snodgrass Hill. He commanded his com- pany during the battles of Chattanooga, Orchard Knob and
286 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT I. V. I.
Missionary Ridge, and assumed ttie command of his regi- ment after it crossed the last line of the enemy's breast- works on crest of Missionary Ridge, the commanding officer of the regiment being wounded, and on morning of Novem- ber 28, 1863, immediately after the battle, left with his regiment for the relief of General Burnside at Knoxville, Tennessee. He remained in command of the regiment from November 25, 1863, until March i, 1864, taking an active part in all the engagements with General Longstreet's forces during the winter of 1863 and 1864.
Colonel Leeson was president of a general court mar- tial at Chattanooga, Tennessee, in July and August, 1864, and was inspector-general on the staff of the commander of the post of Chattanooga from September, 1864, to Febru- ary, 1865. In the summer of 1864 he was placed in com- mand of a detail to take nearly 3,000 cattle to the "front," General Sherman's army at the time being near Atlanta, Georgia. He was mustered out with his command, June 20, 1865.
At the close of the war Colonel Leeson was appointed deputy assessor of internal revenue for the fourth collec- tion district, Indiana, and served in that capacity for four years, when he resigned and engaged in the mercantile business, in which he has achieved a phenomenal success, at Elwood, Indiana, where, under the name of R. L. Leeson & Sons, he has the largest department store in Indiana, the annual sales amounting to over a half million dollars. His success is due to fidelity and unflinching honesty, and is an example of achievement through strict devotion to duty, and sound business methods, that is worthy of the highest emulation. This faithful officer, and successful business man, is on the western slope of life, nearing the twilight, and can feel the damp of the coming night and catch an occasional glimpse, through the shade, of the marble at the end of the path.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 287
JOHN R. KENNEDY.
John R. Kennedy was born in Clermont county, Ohio, in 1836. He was educated at district schools. He enlisted in Company C, Sixty-eighth, August 6, 1862. Was appointed third sergeant, and promoted to orderly sergeant on May i, 1863, and to first lieutenant of Com- pany C, to date from January 3, 1864, and remained with the regiment until the close of the war. Lieutenant Kennedy was engaged in all of the battles of the regiment excepting Missionary Ridge, being at that time on recruit- ing service in Indiana. At Chickamauga, Saturday after- noon Sergeant Kennedy was in command of Company C for a few hours, the captain being wounded and tempo- rarily disabled, and assisted in reforming the regiment and brigade on the ridge south of Dyer House just after the repulse southeast of Brotherton's. He was in command of Company C at the battle of Nashville, leading it in the charge against Fort Jackson the second day of the battle, and in pui^suit of Hood's flying columns after the battle. In the spring of 1865, Lieutenant Kennedy was in charge of the Soldiers' Home at Chattanooga, Tennessee, where his administrative abilities won the praise of his superior officers.
In 1864 he was united in marriage to Miss Tempa Thomas, of Metamora, Indiana, and to them were born seven children, only one of the number having passed over to the larger life beyond the grave.
A few years after the close of the war, by reason of diseases contracted in the service that disabled him for work at his trade. Lieutenant Kennedy bought a stock farm in Franklin county, Indiana, and engaged in agricult- ural pursuits until 1892, when he retired from the farm to reside at Blooming Grove, Indiana.
Lieutenant Kennedy was a brave soldier and in all the relations of life he has always been faithful and true.
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
JOHN BURKHART.
John Burkhart was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 29, 1837, and is a son of Robert and Magdalena (Leis) Bark- hart. Robert Burkhart came to this country from Baden, Germany, and located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1833. In 1835 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. John Burkhart, the subject of this sketch, attended the public schools of Cincinnati. At the age of seventeen he left school, and was engaged in making starch in the St. Ber- nard and Lockland, Ohio, factories. In 1856 he accepted a situation in a machine shop in Cincinnati, Ohio, leaving it in 1858 to accept a more remunerative position on the White Water Valley Canal, which had just passed under the control of Joseph Cooper, and Washington McLean, of Cincinnati. In this connection he first came to Brookville, Indiana, and took charge of a steam dredging machine, and when not engaged with the dredge assisted in repairing locks, aqueducts and dams. Upon the tiring on Fort Sumter by the rebels in April, 1861, he dropped civil pur- suits and enlisted in Captain John C. Burton's company, known as Company C, Thirteenth Indiana Infantry, but before Burton's company had been assigned to a regiment, Burkhart, with a number of others, withdrew from the com- pany and joined the Sixteenth Indiana Infantry, under com- mand of Colonel Pleasant A. Hackleman, who was soon promoted to be a general and was killed in battle at luka, Mississippi. This regiment was called into service for one year, and was under command of General Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, and in front of Washington, until May, 1862, when it was discharged at Washington City. John Burkhart returned to Brookville and resumed his work on the White Water Valley Canal. , The rebellion not having been suppressed, in August, 1862, he enlisted in Company C, Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry, assisted in recruiting the company, was made a sergeant, and later first sergeant,
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 289
and promoted to be a second lieutenant. He was captured with the regiment at Munfordville, Kentucky, in September, 1862, and shared its fortunes, participating in all of its work until November, 1863, when he resigned. In 1864, the war not having ended, he raised Company F, One Hun- dred and Forty-sixth Indiana Infantry. This regiment went to the front in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, where it remained until after the close of hostilities, being finally discharged August 31, 1865. Captain Burkhart served, three years and thirty days, and was always ready for duty.. He had the good fortune of not being wounded, or other- wise disabled. The captain had two brothers, Joseph and Robert, each of whom served three years or more, Joseph in the Sixth Ohio Infantry and Robert one year in a Mis- souri regiment and three years in a Kentucky regi- ment. After the war Captain Burkhart returned to Brookville and entered upon the work of a contractor and builder. Many of the finest residences in that town were designed and built by him. He assisted in remodel- ing the court 4iouse, also the Children's Home. He furnished plans for the system of water works in use at Brookville, and has been superintendent in charge of the works since their construction. He furnished plans for rebuilding the dam of the Brookville and Metamora Hy- draulic Company. He furnished the plans and built the corrugating box factory for the Thompson, Norris Company, at Brookville, and furnished plans for the Brookville Man- ufacturing Company and Canning Factory, and designed all of the equipments. As a builder he has added to the architectural beauty of Brookville. In 1885 he built the last of the "over shot" water wheels — the picturesque old wheels that added so much to the charming scenery of the White Water Valley.
In November, 1862, he was married to Mary Gross- man, which union has been happily blessed with nine children.
19
290 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
WILLIAM F. GORDON.
William F. Gordon, son of Orville and Drusilla (Black- lidge) Gordon, was born near Metamora, in Franklin county, Indiana, September 7, 1843. He was reared on a farm, and was educated at the district school. He en- listed in Company C August 6, 1862. Was acting sergeant major of the regiment from the battle of Chickamauga until promoted to be quartermaster sergeant. He took part in all the battles in which the regiment was engaged. Was discharged as quartermaster sergeant with his regi- ment and returned to Metamora, Indiana, and engaged in farming. Was united in marriage to Miss Laura Martin- dale, of Metamora, Indiana, December 2, 1866. Two children were born to their union, one dying in infancy, the other, Guy L. , is a promising young man. Removed to Rush county, Indiana, in March, 1872, where he pur- chased a fine tract of fertile land, which he farmed until 1880, when he was elected treasurer of Rush county, when he removed to Rushville, where he now resides. For several years he has been engaged in farming and banking; was 'president of the first gas company organ- ized in Rushville; served for a long term of years as a trustee of "East Hill Cemetery," and has occupied many other positions of trust, public and private. He and his family are members of the M. E. church, which he has served for fifteen years as a trustee. He is a stalwart republican in politics, and finds much satisfaction in the fact that he cast his first presidential vote for Gen. U. S. Grant, and ever since has given unflinching support to the principles and nominees of the Republican party. He was a member of a committee on design for the monument of the Sixty-eighth to be placed in Chickamauga Park, and he conceived and submitted a design which was adopted and placed on the monument.
Upright and just in all the relations of life, Mr. Gor-
Q. M. SERGEANT WILLIAM F. GORDON.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. . 29 I
don has won the confidence and esteem of all who know him. His word is as good as his bond.
'f» 1* (f<
EDWIN A. HILLMAN.
Edwin A. Hillman was born in Birmingham, England, in 1842, a son of John and Ann (Rubottom) Hillman, who emigrated to the United States in 185 1, and located at Metamora, Indiana, in the far famed White Water Valley, where Mr. Hillman engaged in business of general mer- chandise, and operated a liouring mill. He was educated at district schools. The boyhood and youth of Edwin A. Hillman were passed under the parental roof where he was taught habits of industry and trained to be a good citizen of his adopted country. When it became evident that the war of the 'rebellion would not end in ninety days, but that a serious contest had been entered upon which might last for years, he offered his life to his country. He enlisted as a private in Company C, Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Infantry, August 8, 1862, and was discharged June 20, 1865. He took a part in all of the engagements in which the regiment participated. At Chickamauga he was among the first to rally around Colonel King, after the disaster to our troops on Saturday, and was with the regiment at Poe field, and on Snodgrass Hill, Sunday night. At Missionary Ridge he was among the first on the crest of the ridge to repel the advance of the enemy who were driven from in front of Baird's division. It was here that he won the dis- tinction of capturing a gun of the enemy by his presence of mind in shooting down a leading horse as the gun was being moved rapidly to the rear. At his discharge he returned to Metamora, but soon moved to Lawrenceburg, Indiana. On the 29th day of December, 1869, he married Miss Rocelia Ransom, whose parents came to Indiana from Herkimer county. New York. Five children have blessed their union: Anna, Mary, Edward, Emma and Charles. He is an
292 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
earnest member of the M. E. church, and a member of Lookout Post, No. 2, Grand Arrny of the Republic, Chat- tanooga, Tennessee.
He was one of the party with Colonel S. C. Kellogg to locate the site of Colonel King's death, and it is chiefly due to him that the site originally selected was changed to its present location in southeast Kelly's field, to conform to the facts. He has been active in locating positions of his regiment and brigade in the battle of Chickamauga and at Missionary Ridge. At the time the monument to the memory of the Fourth Corps was erected in the National Cemetery at Chattanooga, the Sixty-eighth Indiana was omitted from the list of regiments composing it, and it was due to Comrade Hillman that its name was afterward placed on the monument.
For several years he has resided on Lookout Mountain, and is proprietor of a hotel known as the "New Mountain Home," and is postmaster for Lookout Mountain (1902). He is widely known in that locality, and with his family enjoys the warm regards of a very large circle of friends.
f» 'n 'n
FRANCIS M. SHERWOOD.
Francis M. Sherwood was born in Franklin county, Indiana, October 13, 1842. He was reared on a farm near Metamora, and received his education at the district school. He enlisted as a private in Company C, August, 1862. He was never absent from his command except by reason of disease or injury. He was a brave soldier, of whom his captain, Leeson, says: " He was always willing to perform his duty, and even more. At Chickamauga he was excused from duty by the surgeon, but just before the opening of the battle, when it was known that a heavy fight was immi- nent, he called upon me and said, ' I want to go with you
FRANCIS M. SHERWOOD, Company C.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 293
in the battle.' I informed him that he was excused from
duty, and was under orders of the surgeon, but if he joined
the ranks I would not order him back. He went into the
battle, and was with the company on the firing line through
the two days of battle. The same thing occurred again at
the storming of Missionary Ridge, where he was among the
first on the crest." Was mustered out with the regiment,
June 20, 1865, and returning to his former home, learned
the trade of a carpenter, following that occupation for ten
years, when, totally disabled for manual labor by injuries
received in the military service, he removed to Indianapolis
and engaged in business as a restaurateur, which he has
since followed with success. He is esteemed by all as an
upright, reliable man, and well deserves the success he has
achieved.
/f\ »»\ if\
JAMES H. MAUZY.
James H. Mauzy was born August 22, 1842, in Rush county, Indiana."" Entered service as a private, and com- missioned first lieutenant. Company D, Sixty-eighth Indi- ana Infantry, August 12, 1862. Promoted to be captain, June 2, 1863. Was with his company in the Kentucky campaign of August and September, ending with the battle of Munfordville on the I5th-i6th of September, 1862. Served on the brigade staffs of Colonel Dan McCook, Colonel A. S. Hall, Colonel Milton S. Robinson, and Colonel Edward A. King, Second brigade. Fourth divis- ion. Fourteenth Army Corps. Was in the battles of Hoov- er's Gap, Chickamauga, Orchard Knob and Missionary Ridge, and campaign in east Tennessee for the relief of Knoxville, November, 1863, to April 30, 1864. Detached as judge advocate of a court martial and military commis- sion. District of the Etowah, at Chattanooga, July, 1864. to May, 1865. Mustered out with company at Nashville,
294 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Tennessee, June 20, 1865, and placed in charge of flags and records of the regiment to return them to IndianapoHs.
fv I* fi
JOHN M. FRANCIS.
John M. Francis was born in Decatur county, Indi- ana, near site of Camp Logan, where the Sixty-eighth was organized, March 3, 1845.
At the age of two years he removed with his father's family to Metamora, Franklin county, Indiana, where he con- tinued to reside until the death of his father in 1858, from which time to the date of his enlistment in Company D, Sixty-eighth, he worked on a farm, and received a district school education. He enlisted in the Sixty-eighth at the age of seventeen, and was in all of the many engagements with the enemy in which this regiment participated.
Both of his grandfathers served under General Wash- ington in the war of the Revolution, and two of his broth- ers, James, and Peter B., served in the war of 1 861-5, and his youngest brother was in the Spanish-American war, as a member of the One Hundred and Sixty-first Indiana.
Was united in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Simpson, daughter of William and Isabel Simpson, of Boone county, in September, 1869. Three children blessed this union, only one of whom. Pearl, survives. For eighteen years he has resided at Sheridan, Indiana, and has always taken an active interest in the welfare of that city; was one of the first to prospect for oil and gas; was an organizer of the Thistlewaite Bank, served as its first cashier, and is now its vice-president. Also, a member of the school board of Sheridan.
As a soldier he did his duty faithfully. As a citizen and neighbor he is held in the highest esteem by those who know him best. Broad minded and generous, he has along his life's journey exerted a wide influence for good, by his acts and deeds assisting others on the way to success.
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LEANDER GOODWIN, Company D.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
295
LEANDER GOODWIN.
Leander Goodwin was born in Rush county, Indiana, in 1842. In 1856 he removed with his father's family to the state of Missouri, where he remained for two years, and then returned to Rush county, Indiana. He was educated in the district schools, and worked on a farm until he enlisted in Company D, Sixty-eighth Indiana, in August, 1862, sharing in all its hardships and engagements, and escaped without wounds and was never in a hospital as a patient. Was promoted to be corporal and discharged as such with regiment, June 20. 1865. Was united in mar- riage to Phoeba A. Marshall on the 29th day of August, 1868, and seven children have blessed their union. At his discharge he moved to Curtisville, Tipton county, Indiana, where he has since remained, engaged in farming, mer- chandising, and manufacturing drain tiles. Was postmas- ter; was railroad agent; was trustee of the township, and has held five commissions as notary public. He owns a •well-improved farm of 140 acres. Is an upright and reli- able business man, and well deserves the success he has achieved. He was at the dedication of the Chickamauga Park, at the reunion of his regiment at Poe's field, where its monument is located, and again revisited the park in 1898, and found real pleasure in the monuments and markers erected by the various states to commemorate the valor of their sons who fought on this bloody field, the monument of Kentucky, dedicated alike to her sons who wore the blue and the gray, being one that made a deep impression on his mind as being symbolic of the objects of this celebrated park.
'f» '»» '»»
CHARLES H. BRYANT.
Charles H. Bryant was born in Cmcinnati. Ohio, re- moving to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, in 1856. When the first call for troops was made in April, 1861, three months
296 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
men, enlisted in Company G, Seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Ebenezer Dumont; was with company and regiment at Philippi, Virginia, June 3, 1861, being mentioned for " good conduct " in that affair; was also with regiment at Bealington, Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford. After discharge at expiration of term of service, was with same regiment after its re-enlistment at the battle of Greenbrier, Virginia, October 3, 1861. Accepting position as second lieutenant, he assisted in raising a company for the Sixty-eighth Indiana, and was elected first lieutenant of Company E. Promoted to be captain of same com- pany November 24, 1862. Was brevetted major, lieuten- ant-colonel, and colonel to date from March 13. 1865, and was mustered out with company and regiment at Nashville, Tennessee, at the close of the war in 1865.
m »»» m OLIVER B. LIDDELL.
Oliver Brown Liddell, lawyer and jurist, was born November 3, 1843, near Guilford, Dearborn county, Indi- ana; educated in the public schools, and later, at fourteen years of age, entered Brookville College — a Methodist school in an adjoining county — from which he graduated at the age of seventeen.
Mr. Liddell enlisted in the Sixty-eighth Regiment at its organization; was promoted to second lieutenant in April, 1863, and to first lieutenant the following September. His service was that of the regiment, and he commanded his company in the battle of Nashville; was mustered out with his regiment. Studied law in 1865 and until he was appointed second lieutenant in the Eighteenth Infantry, Army of the United States, by President Johnson. In this service he was stationed at Fort Morgan, Colorado, until 1867, when he resigned. While at this post he commanded Company B of the Third Battalion of his regiment, and at the same time held the position of post adjutant, quarter-
JAMES TERHUXE, Company E.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 297
master and commissary. On resigning his position, he returned to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, resuming the study and practice of law, being admitted to the bar in that year. Continued in his profession at that place for fifteen years, in 1882 removing to Denver, Colorado, where he has since resided, practicing his profession with a good measure of success. He has held the position of district judge of the second district, but has not been inclined to seek ofifice, deeming it a higher position to take interest in government and politics from the standpoint of a private citizen pursu- ing his profession.
V On June 5, 1867, Mr. Liddell was married to Josephine Major, whose father, Daniel S. Major, was a distinguished lawyer of Indiana, and whose ancestry were among the first pioneers of the Ohio valley. They have at this time (1901) three children living — two sons and one daughter — Major, of Boise, Idaho; Donald M., of Baltimore, Mary- land, and Olivia, of Denver.
Judge Liddell's ancestry on his father's side were from Yorkshire, England, and of his mother they were colonists antedating the American Revolution, some of them being American soldiers in that war.
The subject of this sketch is esteemed as a lawyer of fine ability, and to say more than this would be very dis- tasteful to him, when it is so fashionable to print biographies of men living, extolling their virtues in such manner as to make them and their neighbors ask:
"Can such things be And overcome us Uke a summer cloud, Without our special wonder ? "
'»» 1< t"
JAMES TERHUNE.
James Terhune was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Septem- ber 18, 1840. Attended the public schools of that city until the spring of 1848, when removed to Lawrenceburg,
298 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Indiana, where he attended a private school until 1855, at which time he accepted a position on a weekly paper — the Lawrenceburg Press, and remained until 1857, followed by work as civil engineer on the Ohio & Mississippi Rail- road. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E and went into camp at Greensburg, Indiana, and upon the organization of the company was appointed a sergeant, and the regiment was mustered into the United States service and went to Kentucky, where it was captured at Munfordville in September following. Sergeant Terhune participated in all the engagements and battles of the regi- ment and at the battle of Chickamauga, on September 19, (Saturday) was severely wounded in the arm and was com- pelled to leave the field. Was in hospitals at Nashville, Tennessee, Louisville, Kentucky, and Madison, Indiana. While at Madison he was examined by a board of surgeons, and against his earnest remonstrance was transferred to Second Battalion, Veteran Reserve Corps, and sent to Indianapolis, from whence he was sent east and placed on duty at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. While there he was offered a commission as a lieutenant in United States Colored Troops, which he declined by reason of his term of service having nearly expired. He was discharged at the expiration of his term of enlistment, when he went to Brooklyn, New York, and obtained employment as a shipping clerk, which he followed for three years. About one year later he accepted employment in the Ocean National Bank, where he remained until December, 1871. In February, 1872, he secured a position in the Seventh National Bank, New York City. Was married in 1874, which union was blessed with two daughters. He remained with the Seventh National Bank for a continuous service of twenty years, when he accepted a position in Second National Bank, where he has since remained. His ad- dress is 737 E. Thirty-first street, Vanderveer Park, Brook- lyn, New York.
ASA GIBBS, Company E.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 299
ASA GIBBS.
The subject of this sketch was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, April 14, 1844, the son of Aaron C. and Eliza Gibbs. His father had been a soldier in the Mexican war, a captain in the company raised for the First Indiana, and served with his regiment during that war. Asa Gibbs received a common-school education, and worked at farm- ing until he arrived at the age of eighteen years, when, as did so many of the men of that day, he enlisted in the service of his country and joined Company E, Sixty-eighth Indiana, on August 11, 1862. Shortly after his muster-in, he was taken prisoner with his regiment at Munfordville, Kentucky. In the Chattanooga campaign he was made a corporal, and served faithfully until the battle of Chicka- mauga, where he was severely wounded in the left thigh and fell into the hands of the enemy. He remained on the field with but slight attention paid to his wounds for nine days, when, with others severely wounded, he was paroled and sent to Chattanooga, and from thence was sent north for treatment. Upon recovery, and being then exchanged (May, 1864), he rejoined his regiment at Chattanooga. About this time he was promoted to be a sergeant, by Captain Charles H. Bryant, of his company. In the bat- tle at Nashville, December 15 and 16, 1864, he was again wounded, this time in the cheek. Although the wound was slight, it was a close call, and it will always be remembered by the recipient. However, it was severe enough to render him unable to follow Hood in his retreat from Nashville, and he did not rejoin his regiment until after its return to Chattanooga. To sum up his army experience, he was twice taken prisoner by the enemy, twice wounded, and served with his command until its final muster-out at Nash- ville, Tennessee.
After the war closed. Sergeant Gibbs entered the quar- termaster's service and had charge of the stables of horses
300 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
belonging to the government at Carthage, Ohio, and also had charge of the watch until that station was given up. He then went into the oil business in eastern Ohio, after- wards learning the carpenter and bridge-building trade, and became a member of the firm of Chamberlin, Gibbs & Co., extensive bridge builders and railroad contractors. He was married to Belle L. Collins, at Delhi, Ohio, Feb- ruary 26, 1872, of which union seven children were born, all of whom are living except one who died in infancy. In the fall of 1889, with his family, he removed to Hancock county, Iowa, where he opened up a farm, and where at present (July, 1900) he still resides, and where he would be happy to greet his old comrades.
1* (»» i» JOHN C. HICKS.
John C. Hicks was born in Napoleon, Ripley county, Indiana, October 7, 1841. Was educated in district schools. He enlisted in Company F, Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, in August, 1862, and was mustered into United States service as first lieutenant of that company, August 19, 1862, and promoted to be captain August 20, 1863. He had two younger brothers, one sixteen, the other seventeen, who enlisted in the military service of the United States, and one of them was killed in the battle of Shiloh.
Captain Hicks served continuously with his command from date of muster-in to his discharge with the regiment, June 20, 1865. He took part in every important engage- ment of the regiment.
On the i6th day of October, 1862, while at home a paroled prisoner of war, he was married to Adelia C. Lamb. At the close of the war returning to his boyhood home he resumed the study of medicine and surgery, and was grad- uated from a leading medical school, since which time he has been in constant practice, and his devotion to the duties
HENRY NICOLAI, Compary F.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 30 I
of his profession lias made him a successful practitioner. He enjoys the esteem and confidence of a large circle of acquaintances.
m m '»<
MOSES A. CULVER.
Moses A. Culver was born in Switzerland county^ Indiana, June 19, 18 19, and removed, with his father's family, at an early age to Ripley county, where he assisted to clear about seventy-five acres of forest land for cultiva- tion. In 1840 he went on the Ohio river, serving as fire- man, watchman, second mate, and mate of a steamboat, until a few years before the Civil war, when he left the river and engaged in farming near Napoleon, Indiana.
In 1862, at the age of forty-three years, he enlisted in Company F, and served in the ranks until after the battle of Chickamauga. On October 10, 1863, he was promoted to be first lieutenant of his company in which capacity he served faithfully to the muster-out of the regiment, when he returned to his former home, and a few years later removed to Tipton county, Indiana. His postoffice address is Jacksons, Indiana.
f » i< I*
HENRY NICOLAI.
Henry Nicolai was born in Evansville, Indiana, March 23, 1843. Was educated at district schools. He enlisted in Company F, August 12, 1862, and was promoted to be corporal, soon followed by appointment as sergeant. He took active part m all the marches and battles of the regiment, was taken prisoner with the regiment at Munford- ville, Kentucky, in September, 1862, was severely wounded in the battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863, and was left on the field as dead, but he succeeded in rejoining his regiment the following day. In November, 1863, he was or- dered to report at Indianapolis for recruiting service. Re-
302 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
joined the regiment at Knoxville, Tennessee, in February, 1864, and remained with the regiment until the close of the war, and was discharged June 20, 1865. Upon his return home he engaged in the meat and provision business in Indianapolis, and followed it for thirty years, when he retired with a competence. Was president of the Veteran Asso- ciation of his regiment in 1899.
On the I ith day of May, 1882, he was. united in mar- riage to Sarah Hilker, which union was blessed with two children, both of whom survive. He and his family are active members of the German M. E. church. He is a member of George H. Thomas Post, No. 17, G. A. R., Indianapolis, also a member of Capital Lodge, No. 24, I. O. O. F.
He was a brave and intelligent soldier, accurate and reliable in the discharge of every duty imposed upon him. In an attractive home in Indianapolis, surrounded by com- forts, and happy in the enjoyment of his family and warm friendships, he is passing the afternoon of life.
'n '«> 1* JAMES B. THACKREY.
James B. Thackrey was born in Cumberland county, New Jersey, September 8, 1836, and removed with his fa- ther's family to Ripley county, Indiana, in 1837. His boy- hood was spent on the farm, with the usual district school education.
He enlisted as a private in Company F, Si.xty-eighth, August II, 1862, and in the election of officers he was selected as first corporal. On September 10, 1862, he was promoted to be sergeant, and at Nashville, Tennessee, was appointed color-sergeant of the regiment by Colonel Edward A. King. In 1864, upon a special call for forty volunteers to go on an expedition, with twenty-five men of the Fifth Tennessee Cavalry, in search of guerrillas and bushwhackers, Sergeant Thackrey was selected as one of the number and,
JAMKS I!. THArKRKY. Company F.
mOC.KAl'HICAL SKETCHE?. 303
under command of Captain Hanson D. Moore, was placed on duty in middle Tennessee, at and near Uecherd.
Sergeant Thackrey was a member of the " Regimental Church," and was consistent in every duty to his country and his God.
He was discharged with his regiment June 20, 1865, when he returned to his home near Ballstown, Ripley county, Indiana, where he has resided ever since, a useful and honored member of society. He is a member of August Willich Post, No. 175, G. A. R.. Batesville, Indiana. His postoffice address is Ballstown, Ripley county, Indiana.
LAWRENCE V. C. LYNN.
An honorable, upright life better perpetuates the name of man than does a monument which will soon crumble beneath the hand of time. Those who have fought for their country deserve a place in its records that their posterity may turn to with feelings of just pride.
Lawrence \\ C. Lynn was born in Virginia, February 2, 1823, and was educated in the district schools. In early life he removed to Indiana, locating at Brookville, in Frank- lin county, and engaged in business as a blacksmith. He was united in marriage to Mary E. Ryman, January 22, 1852, and three children were born to them. In August. 1862, the subject of this sketch was commissioned by Gov- ernor Morton as captain of Company G, Sixty-eighth In- diana Infantry, and participated in all of the struggles of the regiment until March 4, 1863, when he resigned by reason of ill health and deafness, the latter greatly dis- abling him for efficient service. He was a general favorite in his company and popular in the regiment. He returned to Brookville, Indiana, resuming his former occupation, which he followed there and, later, in Greensburg, Decatur county, Indiana, where he died, June 29, 1881. Mrs. Lynn is still living as his widow, in Indianapolis, devoted to his
304 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
memory, enjoying the pleasing recollections of a happy married life covering a period of over twenty-nine years. C&ptain Lynn was a republican in politics. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, a Mason, and Odd Fellow. He was affable and courteous to all with whom he came in contact, loyal in friendship, faithful to his family, and the duties of citizenship, and all life's relations, and passed away leaving the memory of a good name.
»n '»\ rf<
THOMAS C. SHEPPERD.
Thomas C. Shepperd was born in Brookville, Frank- lin county, Indiana, December 28, 1839. Received his education at Brookville College. He learned the trade of printer with Cyrus B. Bentley of the Brookville Democrat, but the work being injurious to his health, he entered the dry goods store of Pogue & Jones, Cincinnati, Ohio. At the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the Fifth Ohio Infantry as a member of the regimental brass band, June 25, 1 86 1, and was discharged by order of Secretary of War, July 7, 1862. Enlisted August 9, 1862, in Com- pany G, Sixty-eighth Indiana Volunteers; was promoted to quartermaster-sergeant of the regiment September 19, 1862. At Chattanooga, Tennessee, in November, 1863, at the battle of Missionary Ridge, he was exposed to heavy cannonading from redoubt Wood, which caused disease of ears resulting in total deafness of right and partial of left ear. He was discharged February 24, 1865, to accept promotion to first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster of the One Hundred and Forty-sixth Indiana Volunteers, and was mustered as such on March 4, 1865; was mustered out of service with his regiment August 31, 1865, at Baltimore, Maryland, with a service of four years and two months in the war of the rebellion. In 1866 he entered the United States Internal Revenue service as a ganger, and later was
JOHN W, MASTERS, Company G.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 305
appointed assistant assessor of internal revenue in the fourth collection district of Indiana, and still later was appointed a store keeper in said service; was bookkeeper for Senator John Beggs at his distillery at Metamora, Indi- ana, and later for Captain John Colter at his distilleries at Harrison, Ohio, and Cambridge City, Indiana. W as united in marriage to Martha L. Keeley, the accomplished daughter of Dr. John W. Iveeley, December 3, 1871, and two children blessed their union, both of whom have been provided fine educational privileges and are useful and respected members of society. He resides with his family in Indianapolis, Indiana.
'0 '♦» '♦» JOHN W. MASTERS.
John W. Masters, ex-soldier, and prominent citizen of Franklin county, Indiana, is a son of Jacob and Julia Mas- ters, who emigrated from Pennsylvania to Indiana in 1833.. and was born in Union county, Indiana, near Fairfield,. June 26, 1843.— He was educated at the district schools, and grew to manhood under the parental roof, passing his early years in farming, until his enlistment in his country's service during the Civil war. In August, 1862, he joined Company G, Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Infantry. He participated in all the battles of this regiment, excepting Nashville. Was wounded in the battle of Chickamauga. By reason of exposure on duty with his command in the east Tennessee campaign in the severe winter of 1863-4, he contracted typhoid fever, which wrecked his health for life. Captain George W. Claypool, speaking of him, says: "No soldier was more fearless in presence of danger." This is a high tribute, coming from Captain Claypool. He was discharged on June 20, 1865, and returned to hi", former home.
On the third day of August, 1867, was celebrated the
marriage of the subject of this sketch and Miss Mary 20
3o6 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Gertrude Harris, and to them have been born one son and three daughters, of whom Edna Mae and Gertrude Fae survive, the others having preceded them to the life beyond the grave. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and connected with the I. O. O. P.. in which he has filled all of the chairs, and is a member of the Rebekah degrees. As a citizen he is public spirited, and his sterling worth commands the respect of all. He resides in Fair- field, Franklin county, Indiana.
»t\ iiy n\
ALANSON R. RYMAN.
Alanson R, Ryman was born in Pennsylvania, on the present 'site of the city of Dallas, on January 28, 1829, and was about eight years of age when he came with his parents to Brookville, Indiana, where he grew up to man- hood, and was educated in the district schools, instructed by his father, Joseph S. Ryman, who was a successful teacher, making it his life work. He read carefully all the books of history and biography that were accessible to him, and in this manner acquired the foundation of an education which he has since increased by study and observation. His forefathers emigrated to America long before the war for independence and took an active part in the protracted struggle ending in the freedom of the Colonists and organ- ization of the government of the United States. He early learned the details of agriculture and was engaged in farm- ing at the outbreak of the Civil war, and in August, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Sixty-eighth Indiana Infantry, and was given the position of corporal, and in August, 1864. was promoted to first sergeant, and was appointed a second lieutenant, but owing to the decimated ranks of his company and regiment was not mustered in that grade. He was engaged in the battle of Chicka- mauga, and was severely wounded during the battle on Saturday, which disabled him for duty until
ALANSON R. RYMAN, Company G.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 307
February, 1864, when he rejoined his command at Maryville, east Tennessee, and remained on duty until the muster-out of the regiment in June, 1865. He is a repub- Hcan in poHtics and ever since the organization of the Re- pubHcan party has been an ardent supporter of its princi- ples and an active worker in the ranks. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, joining at the age of nineteen; and is a devoted member of the Grand Army of the Repubhc. He has been thrice married. He first wedded Caroline Payne, and in December, 1853, married Martha A. Johnson, and in March, 1861, married Jane Crawford, all of whom have preceded him to the life beyond. His last union was blessed by six children, all of whom survive, one of his sons, Wilber, serving in Company H, One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Indiana Infantry, in the Spanish-American war. Mr. Ryman in all the relations of life has discharged every duty with promptness and fidelity.
F_RANCIS M. WILKINSON.
Francis M. Wilkinson was born in Brookville, Frank- Im county, Indiana. On the breaking out of the Civil war in 1861 he was a student at Asbury, now DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana. A company of stu- dents, of which he was one, was enlisted and mustered into the United States service as Company K, Captain Alfred J. Hahn, in the Sixteenth Regiment of Indiana Infantry, on the 23d day of April, 1861. Was made one of the sergeants of the company. Was mustered out on the 14th day of May, 1862, at Washington City. He was in all the engagements in which his regiment took part, among the most notable of which was the Edwards Ferry or Balls Bluff affair. On being mustered out he was commissioned by Governor Morton as second lieutenant and recruiting officer of the Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteers in the fourth congressional district of Indiana. In con-
308 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
nection with Edmund Finn he recruited a company and was mustered into the United States service on Aup^ust 19, 1862, at Indianapolis, for three years, as first Heutenant Company H, and was promoted to be captain of the same company on the 30th day of November, 1863. On August 13, 1863, he was appointed Aid-de-camp on the staff of the colonel commanding the Second brigade, Fourth division, Fourteenth Army Corps, in which position he served until the death of his brigade commander, which occurred at the battle of Chickamauga. When our army fell back from Chickamauga to Chatta- nooga, the regiment was placed in First brigade. Third division, Fourth Army Corps, General Willich command- ing brigade. On January 26, 1864, he was detailed as acting assistant quartermaster of the brigade, and on January 31st, the regular quartermaster having returned to duty, was relieved and appointed as ordnance officer of the brigade. On arrival of the brigade at Strawberry Plains, east Ten- nessee, March 28th, he was appointed provost marshal of the post. On April 20, 1864, by special order No. 20, issued by Colonel W. H. Gibson, who was then com- manding the brigade, he was relieved from duty on the brigade staff and returned to his regiment, which was ordered back to Chattanooga. Major-General Steedman, who was in command of the District of the Etowah, by special order No. 20, issued in June, 1864, appointed him as a member of general court martial, and again, by spe- cial order No. 91, appointed on same service. OnJuly9thby special order No. 3, issued by Major-General Steedman, he was appointed a member of a military commission. He had the recommendations of his colonel, brigade com- mander, and General George H. Thomas for transfer to the regular army with the rank of captain.
At Portland, Kentucky, on January 8, 1863, while waiting for the boats to take the regiment south, he took a violent cold which settled in his left eye, partially destroy-
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 309
ing the sight of the same. At the battle of Chickamauga, while acting as aide to the brigade commander, his horse was wounded a number of times andiifinally killed, and in falling the captain's right foot was injured. At the bat- tle of Missionary Ridge he was struck with a piece of shell and on account of the hurt was sent home for a short time on a leave of absence. From these injuries he has suffered a great deal of late years. He was mustered out with his regiment June 20, 1865. He is a member of the Ohio Commandery of the military order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
For the past thirty years he has been in the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad and is now general passen- ger and freight agent of one of their lines, address, Zanesville, Ohio.
f* 1* 'n
GEORGE CARSON.
George Carson was born on February 5. 1841, near Scipio, Indiana^ Attended district and ^academic schools. Enlisted in Company K, Twelfth Indiana Infantry, October 7. 1861; discharged as corporal. May 19, 1862, at Wash- ington, D. C. Re-enlisted in Company I, Sixty-eighth In- diana, August 10, 1862, and served as first sergeant, second and first lieutenant, and acting j^assistant quartermaster. Was in battles of Hoover's Gap, Tennessee, Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge; severely wounded in latter engage- ment, in the assault on afternoon of November 25, 1863. Commanded Company G in engagement with Wheeler's cavalry at Dalton, Georgia, August 15, 1864, and lost one man wounded. 0 Discharged with regiment. -In 1866 read law with Colonel Scobey. Entered law department. Uni- versity of Michigan, and graduated inJMarch, 1868. Ad- mitted .to bar at Columbus, Indiana, in spring of 1868. Candidate for house of representatives on Republican ticket of Bartholomew county, Indiana, in 1868, and defeated.
3IO SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Removed to Council Bluffs, Iowa, February 9, 1869. and
engaged in practice of law. Elected to Iowa house of
representatives in 1877 and 1880; Iowa senate in 1883.
Elected judge of district court, fifteenth judicial district of
Iowa, in 1886; served four years, and retired on account of
failing health. Elected mayor of Council Bluffs, Iowa, in
April, 1896, served two years, and resumed the practice
of law.
'n m 'jv
JOHN C. HUMES.
John C. Humes was born in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, October 6, 1839, ^^nd is the third in a family of nine children born to Thomas and Eliza Brown Humes, and of Scotch-Irish lineage. In 1844 he came to Rush county, Indiana, and with his parents settled where he now resides. The subject of this sketch began life for himself at the age of eighteen years. In August, 1862, he enlisted as a pri- vate in Company I, Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volun- teer Infantry. In May, 1863, was placed in charge of regi- mental mail, in which capacity he served until close of the war, and was discharged as sergeant. Returning home, he resumed farming. Was elected and served as township assessor for twelve years ; township trustee, four years, and county treasurer, four years. Mr. Humes is a Mason, a Knight of Pythias, a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Methodist Episcopal church.
f* m m
IRA McILWAIN.
Ira Mcllwain was born on a farm in Clinton county, Indiana, July 22, 1840. Removed to Rush county, where he grew to manhood. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Sixty-eighth Indiana, and served with the regi- ment to the close of the war, when he was discharged as a sergeant, June 20, 1865. He was united in marriage to
JOHN C. HUMES, Company I.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 3 II
Miss Amanda E. Hood, May lo, 1866, and removed to
Moultrie county, Illinois, in October, 1867, from whence
he removed to Sullivan, Illinois, in November, 1890, where
he now resides.
ff\ n\ /»<
HANSON D. MOORE.
Hanson D. Moore was born at Moore's Hill, Indiana, February 2, 1838. He attended the public school of the village until the opening of Moore's Hill College in Sep- tember, 1856, which he entered at that time, intending to complete the course of study in that institution; but at the end of the first year he found it necessary to leave the col- lege on account of the failing health of his father, who at that time was extensively engaged in mercantile and manu- facturing business. Prior to his enlistment he became a partner in the business with his father.
Mr. Moore was commissioned second lieutenant, and authorized to enlist and muster men into the United States service for the "Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, on July 21, 1862. At the organization of the regiment he was commissioned captain of Company K, August 16, 1862. He was with the regiment in all the battles and skirmishes in which it was engaged, except at Charleston Church, Tennessee, December 28, 1863, and Dandridge, Tennessee, both occurring before his recovery from a wound received at Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863. He was mus- tered out at the close of the war, and returned to Moore's Hill and at once took his place in the business, which had been continued by his father during his absence.
Captain Moore has filled the offices of trustee and treasurer of his town several terms each, and is at the pres- ent time treasurer of the school board, treasurer of a build- ing and loan association, trustee and treasurer of Moore's Hill College, and trustee and treasurer of the Methodist church. When asked by visitors how long he has lived at
312 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Moore's Hill his usual reply is, "I have never lived any- where else, and I never expect to change my residence."
Near the close of Captain Moore's ternn of service in the army he was heartil}^ recommended by his brigade and regimental commanders for promotion to a position as field of^cer in the regiment then being raised in the fourth con- gressional district, but he preferred to remain with his com- rades of the Sixty-eighth Regiment.
As an officer Captain Moore had not only the confi- dence and esteem of the officers of the regiment, but he was deservedly popular with the men of his own company, who ever found in him a true and faithful friend. He has been a leading spirit in the annual reunions of the Sixty-eighth, where he is always heartily greeted by his old comrades.
/»\ ^\ ii\ THOMAS J. TRUITT.
Thomas J. Truitt was born February 5, 1845, near Milan, Ripley county, Indiana. Enlisted as a private of Company K, Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Infantry, August 10, 1862. Was mustered out with the regiment at Nash- ville, Tennessee, June 20, 1865. Engaged in battles of Hoover's Gap, Tennessee, June 24-25, 1863, and Chicka- mauga, September 19, 1863. Was taken prisoner at the battle of Chickamauga, remaining in prison until February 27, 1865, making 526 days of imprisonment. Durmg this time was kept at Richmohd and Danville, Virginia; Ander- sonville, Georgia; and Florence, South Carolina. When taken prisoner was a member of Second brigade. Fourth division, Fourteenth Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland.
Served as commander of Charles S. Hayes Post No. 224, G. A. R., Ohio, during the years of 1886, 1887 and 1893, and Aid-de-camp on the staff of Department Com- mander, G. A. R. , Ohio, during the year 1898. Was cap- tain of Wm. L. Guard Camp, No. 294, Ohio Sons of Vet- erans, during the year 1890. (He is a son of William R.
Ce/^tccc^
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 313
Truitt, deceased, late private of Company K, Twenty- second Indiana Infantry Volunteers )
Is a past master of North Bend (Ohio) Lodge No. 346, F. & A. M. A past grand of Milan (Indiana) Lodge No. 270, I. O. O. F., and a member of Moore's Hill (Indiana) Encampment No. 51, I. O. O. F. Was a teacher in the public schools of Ripley county, Indiana, during the years of 1867, 1868 and 1869. Was employed on the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad at Moore's Hill, Indiana, as tele- graph operator and station agent from September, 1870, to 1874. Was employed on the Big Four railroad as station agent, and chief stock clerk in the general ticket ofiice from April 5, 1875, to October i, 1892. During the latter part of the Benjamin Harrison administration was employed as a stamp clerk in the Internal Revenue office, at Cincinnati. Has always been a republican in politics, but of an inde- pendent character. Was elected a trustee of the hamlet of North Bend, Ohio, in 1881, on an independent ticket, and served as trustee and mayor of the hamlet for eight years. Was a director--and treasurer of the Miami Township Build- ing and Loan Association of North Bend, from June, 1881, to 1899.
For the last few years he has been engaged in insur- ance and real estate. He is also a notary public and is always at home to his friends. Postoffice address, North Bend, Hamilton county, Ohio.
ENOCH H. WOOD.
Dr. E. H. Wood is a native Hoosier and was born in New Albany fifty-seven years ago (1900). He inherits much of his administrative ability and pulpit power from his illus- trious father, the late Dr. Enoch George Wood, known throughout Indiana as one of the strong men in his day. Being the son of an itinerant preacher, his early life was spent in many Indiana towns and he received instruction
314 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. 1.
in various schools. At seventeen he joined the army and for three years saw service at the front in the Army of the Cumberland. He was known as Corporal Wood in Captain Moore's company, Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteers. Upon his discharge he returned home and soon entered as a classical student m Moore's Hill College. He was graduated from the institution in the class of '68 and had thought to enter the profession of dentistry; but he was called to preach. Having been admitted to the Southeast Indiana (now the Indiana) conference in the autumn after graduation he immediately entered upon the duties of itinerant minister. His first appearance was at Fort Fulton near Jeffersonville. He has subsequently been pastor of churches in Indianapolis, Vernon, Charlestown, North Vernon, Seymour, Edinburg, Columbus, Aurora, Brookville, Salem and Rockport. He has been presiding elder of Moore's Hill district, and through the sunshine and shadows of six long years he traveled his district with- out missing an appointment on his calendar.
Dr. Wood performs all his duties as a Methodist min- ister with painstaking care. He has no hobbies and hence meets eagerly and cheerfully every claim that is upon him. He makes no canvasses for personal advancement, but is content to do duty like a good soldier wherever he is sent. He represented his brethren in the Omaha general confer- ence in 1892. He still reports for daily duty, and is in the forefront of the battle, and says that when the roll is called up yonder, " I'll be there."
'•> '•» f » MAYMIE LEESON HUBBARD.
Maymie Leeson Hubbard was born in Metamora, In- diana, the only daughter of Colonel Richard L. Leeson. At a banquet in the city of Elwood, Indiana, in 1894, on the occasion of the eighth annual meeting of the Veteran Association of the Sixty-eighth Regiment Indiana Infantry,
1 *»
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'^roujrh th*^ s'lnshin.
i appuinLuiciii. oa his calend. ;. Nve.d performs all his duties as c. ..'. !th pa'nptqkinigf care He has no hobb
very claim that is upon him. jt' 10. personal advancement, but i^ ■ H vood soldier wherever he is sent
neral confer 1 is in th.
yonder, '• I'll
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 315
she was adopted as the " Daughter of the Regiment " by a unanimous vote, and has since felt a deep interest in the meetings of the association and the welfare of its members. On December 22, 1898, she was united in marriage to Milford P. Hubbard, who was a member of Curtis' Light Battery, Twenty-seventh Indiana, in the Spanish-American war, and accompanied it to Porto Rico, and is now a rising young lawyer at Brookville, Indiana. Maymie, the subject of this sketch, is a leading member of society, taking a deep interest in all matters that pertain to the betterment of the people. She and her husband are members of Adah Chap- ter No. 35, O. E. S., at Metamora, Indiana.
f»\ »»\ tf\
EDWIN W. HIGH.
Was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in 1841. In 1852 he removed to Metamora, Indiana. On August 6, 1862, enlisted as a private in Company C, Sixty-eighth In- diana. Was appointed first sergeant (orderly) on January 3, 1864, and on March 18, 1864, was appointed commissary sergeant of the regiment. On May 20, 1864, was promoted to be first lieutenant and adjutant of the regiment to date from January i, 1864, vice Cyrus B. Goodwin promoted to be major, but the regiment being reduced below the number required for the muster of a colonel, and the mus- ter of both Goodwin and High depending upon that fact neither of them were mustered into the grade to which appointed.
In June, 1864, he was placed on detached duty as a clerk at headquarters post of Chattanooga, and soon became chief clerk, serving as such to March 4, 1865, when by special orders of General Thomas he was directed to report for duty to Major-General Steedman, and later was by order of the Adjutant General of the Armies of the United States detailed for duty as clerk in the War Depart-
3*1 6 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
ment. Washington, D. C, and ordered to report to Major- General Steedman in the field, who assigned him to duty as clerk in charge of the court-martial records of the District of the Etowah, in which capacity he served until June ii, 1865, when he was relieved from duty by order of War Department to be discharged with his regiment. By Spe- cial Orders No. loi. Headquarters Post Chattanooga, June 14, 1865, he was temporarily detailed for special service, from which he was relieved by Special Orders No. 104, June 17, to enable him to proceed with his regiment to Nashville, for muster out.
In 1866 he accepted a position as Inspector and gan- ger U. S. Internal Revenue Department, and in 1867 removed to Louisville, Kentuck}-, to accept a position in the U. S. service, and was soon given the position of chief of the registered letter division, Louisville postoffice. In 1868 he began the study of law in office of Hon. James Speed, Attorney General of the U. S. under President Lincoln, which he continued for over three years. In 1 87 1 he was married to Miss Mary D. Banes, of Meta- mora, Indiana, who, in September, 1890, was called to the life beyond the grave. He has been engaged in con- stant practice as a lawyer for 25 years. Is a member of the Masonic Order since 1871; has been exalted to the most sublime degree of Royal Arch Mason, and invested with the order of the Red Cross, and orders of the Temple and Malta in Connersville Commandery No. 6, Knights Templar.
He has never sought public office or station, regarding the daily duties of a citizen well discharged the post of honor, and the bauble of public station fleeting and eva- nescent, and not to be sought or declined.
CHAPTER XIX.
END OF ARMED REBELLION — CITIZENS AGAIN.
On June 30, 1865, at the Soldiers' Home in Indian- apolis, the regiment — three hundred and twenty-one only, of the nine hundred and two who took the oath of service on August 19, 1862 (recruits were transferred to the Forty- fourth Indiana) — was assembled for the last time as a mili- tary body — after years of battle and of blood — to listen to an address by Lieutenant-Governor Conrad Baker, receive payment, sa}^ farewell to comrades, disband and go to their several homes, doff the garb of a soldier, and take up the battle with the cares that wait on life. Service in the field had cemented bonds which time even can never break. Of the original number, two hundred and sixty-nine were killed or wounded in battle. As the farewells were said there was a tender memory of those who went out with us and did not return. We recalled with sad hearts our com- rades who paid the great sacrifice for the cause for which they fought. By sudden killing and from ghastly wounds; with disease and gross neglect, almost criminal; upon the field of greatest honor, in the hospital, in the pest-house, in the prison-pen — they died. We could feel the touch of van- ished hands, and hear the sound of voices that were stilled.
The silk f^ag^ presented to the regiment by the ladies of Greensburg — the gift of loyal women — was brought
1 — There are two national flags, three blue banners and one {luidon of the Si.xty-eighth Regiment in care of the custodian of flags of Indiana organizations in the state capitol. These flags and banners, shot and torn to shreds, were returned to the state by the regi- ment. They are now all going to jijeces by reason of damages in battle and on march, and the ravages of time, and can not be uurolled.
3l8 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I V. I.
back to our state by the men who received it and followed its stars across the mountains of Tennessee, through the fire of hell at Chickamanga, up the frowning face of Mis- sionary Ridge in a storm of shot and shell, and through the battle of Nashville, commanded by the great soldier, George H. Thomas, unstained by defeat, blazoned with a glorious history written on its every fold in the blood of our gallant soldiers. It is kept at Rushville in a fire-proof safe, whence it is only taken to the annual meetings of the vet- eran association of the regiment, where it is cherished as a memorial of heroic valor. Thirty-six yeafs have drifted by since that parting at Indianapolis, and as we gather around that old flag in annual reunion, the thinned ranks, the wrinkled brows, the heads white with the snows of years, speak eloquently of valoroiis deeds and sacrifices in defense of the Stars and Stripes on gory fields where Americans were fighting Americans. Our thoughts revert to the mighty struggle of 1861-5, and its enormous cost in life and treasure. Over three hundred thousand loyal men went down to death that our nation might live. If they were laid side by side, elbows touching, the line would reach one hundred and fifteen miles, requiring two hours' time for a fast train on a railroad to pass the line. There were issued bonds, payable in gold, to the amount of two billion, three hundred and eighty-one million, five hundred and thirty thousand, and two hundred and ninety-four dol- lars ($2,381,530,294.00). Upon this vast sum there has been paid as interest, two billion, seven hundred and sixty million, four hundred and forty-six thousand, and four hundred and fourteen dollars ($2,760,446,414.00), and as premiums, the additional sum of one hundred and nineteen million, eight hundred and sixty-three thousand, and four hundred and eight dollars ($119,863,408.00) — an average annual payment since 1864 of interest and preniinvis on bonds, of seventy-seven million, eight hundred and forty-six thousand, two hundred and eleven dollars {%77, 846, 211. 00),
END OF ARMED REBELLION. 319
and there remains unpaid on the bonds the sum of five hundred and eighty-five million, thirty-four thousand, two hundred and sixty dollars ($585,034,260.00). There has been paid since July 14, 1862, two billion, six hundred and sixty-six million, nine hundred and four thousand, five hundred and eighty-nine dollars ($2,666,904,589.00), as pensions for injuries and diseases of soldiers of the Civil war, an average annual payment of sixty-eight million, three hundred and eighty-two thousand, one hundred and seventy-one dollars ($68,382, 171. 00). ^ These stupend- ous sums show the partial cost in money of the colossal war for the union in which more than two and one-quarter mil- lions of loyal men were enlisted as soldiers for a period of three years; over three hundred thousand dead soldiers show in part its cost in blood. Mention is made only of the actual expenditure of money estimated on a gold basis, and the loss of life in the field. The incidental losses in money were incalculable in amount — the loss of life since the end of the war due to the military and naval service is appalling. The great rebellion was a "fight to the finish." Henry Winter Davis, in the House of Representatives, at one of the most exciting periods of the great struggle, said: "The American people, rising to the height of the occasion, ded- icate this generation to the sword, and pouring out the blood of their children, demand that there be no compro- mise; that ruin to the Republic or ruin to the rebel Con- federacy are the only alternatives; that no peace shall be made except under the banner of victory. Standing on this great resolve to accept nothing but victory or ruin. Victory is ours." The soldiers of the republic were vic- torious. Their blood bought the blessings of liberty, a land redeemed, a nation saved — a new land, a new nation — an indestructible union of indestructible states.
The permanent chairman of the National Convention that assembled in May, 1868, and nominated General
1— Monetary stcatements on tliis and p;iKe 318 compiled from V. S. Treasury reports tor liscal year ending June HO, I'JOl.
320 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Grant to be President, in his address to the convention truly said, " For every dollar of the national debt, the blood of a soldier is pled^^ed. Every bond in letter and spirit must be sacred as a soldier's grave." General Grant as President fully sustained the honor of the republic in maintaining its financial obligations, and its duty to the soldiers, maimed, crippled and diseased, in its defense.
The active participants in the greatest civil war known in the history of the human race are fast passing from the stage —
" Our roster thins, as years pass on we drop off one by one; Ere long, too soon, to yearly call, there will be answer — none; Then, as along the record page those mourning columns creep, The whisper comes — to closer still our living friendships keep."
As the years roll swiftly by, and our number grows less at each reunion, the survivors have the consolation of know- ing that in the greatest crisis of our history they acted well their part, and discharged every duty assigned to them with heroic firmness, faithfully, to the best of their ability, even unto death; that charity and mutual good will have spread over the land like the fragrance of the flowers that blos- som on the late fields of carnage; that the Civil war, with its hardships and bitterness, is ended, and each side stands ready to support each other against any foe, domestic or foreign. In our recent war with Spain, ^ an insignificant affair, the blue and the gray touched elbows in support of Old Glory, on land and sea, and in the future wars of the Great Republic, when her sons, inspired by the fadeless memories of the Civil war, shall be called upon to defend the Monroe doctrine against continental Europe, the chil- dren of those who rallied under Grant, Sherman and Thomas to defend the Union, will not respond more quickly to the call, than the descendants of the men who
1— Total enlistments — Officers, 10,017; enlisted men, 213,218. Killed in action- Officers, 18; wounded, 90. Enlisted men killed, 190; wounded. 1,189. Died of wounds — Officers, 3; enlisted men, 78. The State of Indiana furnished 281 officers and 7,142 en- listed men, and did not lose a man, killed or wounded, in battle.
END OF ARMED REBELLION. 32 1
followed Lee, Bragg and Hood to destroy it. It will be a great war, but, united, we will win against the coalition.
The Union and Confederate soldiers now clasp hands as brethren grown to man's estate, dwelling in unity, join- ing in the sentiment dear to every American heart, " Lib- erty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable."
" Americans all, to the end of time, And the old flag waves on high 'Till the world stands back with bated breath While the stars and stripes go by."
It,' "•*> 10' "** I/,' '^
%s<^^ %^^ %^^
21
APPENDIX.
ROSTER SIXTY-EIGHTH INDIANA INFANTRY.
FIELD AND STAFF.
NAME RANK ENTERED SERVICE
Edward A. King (a) Colonel August 18, 1862
Benjamin C. Shaw (b) Lieutenant-Colonel August 17, 1862
John L. Wooden Surgeon August 19, 1862
Lewis W. Hodgkins. . . .Assistant Surgeon August 19, 1862
Cyrus B. Goodwin) Adjutant July 21, 1862
Elias W. Millis (e) Regt. Quartermaster August 19, 1862
SUBSEQUENT STAFF OFFICERS.
John S. Scobey ((i) Lieutenant-Colonel August 2, 1862
Harvey J. Espy {e) Lieutenant-Colonel August 12, 1862
Edmund Finn (/) Lieutenant-Colonel August 13, 1862
James W. Innis {g) Major August 12, 1862
Cyrus B. Goodwin (h) Major July 21, 1862
Marion Meredith (») Assistant Surgeon December 6, 1862
David Monfort (j) Chaplain December 1, 1862
Reuben F. Patterson (k) Chaplain August 12, 1862
Edwin W. High (I) Adjutant August 6, 1862
William H. Remy (m) Regt. Quartermaster August — , 1862
a Killed at Chickamauga, September 20, 1(63.
b Resigned June 1, 1863.
c Resigned March 14, 1864.
d Promoted to Major October 21, 1862; to Lieutenant-Colonel June 2, 1863; to Colo- nel September 21, 1863, but not mustered; resigned November 13, 1863.
e Promoted to Major August 19, 1868; to Lieutenant-Colonel September 21, 1863; to Colonel November 14, 1863, but not mustered.
/ Promoted to Major November 6, 1863; to Lieutenant-Colonel November 15, 186), but not mustered.
g Promoted to Major June 2, 1863; resigned August 13, 1863.
h Promoted to Major November 15, 1863, but not mustered.
i Appointed December 6, 1862.
j Resigned September 2, 1863.
jk Resigned as Captain Company I April 20, 1864; appointed Chaplain Maj 2, 1864. but not mustered.
{ Promoted from First Sergeant Company C, to date January 1, 1864, but not mustered.
m Promoted from Commissary Sergeant, to date March 17, 1864.
APPENDIX.
323
ORIGINAL, NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.
NAME RANK ENTERED SERVICE
Robert J. Price (n) Sergeant Major August 19, 1862
Thomas C. Shepperd (0) Quartermaster Sgt... .August 13, 1862
William H. Remy Commissary Sergeant August 13, 1862
William Vance Principal Musician August 12, 1862
SUBSEQUENT NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.
Robert W. Wood Sergeant Major August 16, 1862
William F. Gordon. . .Quartermaster Sergeant August 6, 1862
Edwin W. High Commissary Sergeant August 6, 1862
Peter Stolz Commissary Sergeant August 5, 1862
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
From Original Muster-in Rolls.
COMPANY A.
Name Rank Date of Commis'n Date of Muster
John S. Scobey* Captain Aug. 2, 1862.... Aug. 19, 1862
Giles E. White* 1st Lieutenant.. Aug. 2, 1862.. . .Aug. 19, 1862
Reuben W. Jones* 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 2, 1862.. . .Aug. 19, 1862
COMPANY B.
Daniel Boswell1[._ Captain Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
Hiram O'Conner* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 12, 1862... Aug. 19,1862
Charles W. Wheeler* 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
COMPANY C.
William H. Smith^f Captain Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
Richard L. Leeson* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19,1862
John Reese* t 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
COMPANY D.
James W. Innis* Captain Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
James H. Mauzy* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 12, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
William Beale* 1[ 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19. 1862
COMPANY E.
Alexander BeckmanT[ Captain Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
Charles H.Bryant* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 12, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
George W. Sheldon* 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
n Promoted to First Lieutenant Company E February 1, 1863; killed at Chicka- mauga September 19, 1863.
o Transferred to One Hundred and Forty-Sixth Indiana Volunteers as Regimental Quartermaster. • Promoted.
t Killed in battle of Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863. i Resigned.
324 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
COMPANY F.
Name Rank Date of Commis'n Date of Muster
Harvey J. Espy* Captain Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
John Hicks* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19,1862
Jemison VankirkT[ 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
COMPANY G.
Lawrence V. C. Lynn^j Captain Aug. 12, 1862. . . Aug. 19, 1862
George VV. Claypool* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 12, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
Austin VVebblj 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12. 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
COMPANY H.
Edmund Finn* Captain Aug. 18, 1862. . . Aug. 19, 1862
Francis M. Wilkinson* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 13, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
Levi W. Buckingham^ 2d Lieutenant. Aug. 13, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
COMPANY I.
Reuben F. Patterson* Captain Aug. 12, 1862... Aug. 19, 1862
Nathaniel S. Patton* 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
William BrehennyTJ 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
COMPANY K.
Hanson D. Moore Captain Aug. 16, 1862. ..Aug. 19, 1862
Robert F. Brewington^f 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 16, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
George H. Gouldt 2d Lieutenant.. Aug. 12, 1862.. .Aug. 19, 1862
SUBSEQUENT COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
COMPANY A.
Name Rank Date of Commis'n Date of Muster
Giles E. White. Captain Oct. 22, 1862... Oct. 22, 1862
Reuben W. Jones. 1st Lieutenant. Oct. 22, 1862. . .Oct. 22, 1862
Moses Baileyt 2d Lieutenant.. Oct. 22, 1862. . .Oct. 22, 1862
COMPANY B.
Hiram O'Conner Captain Mar. 25, 1863... May 1, 1863
Charles C. Wheeler Captain Oct. 31, 1863.. .Jan. 1, 1864
George W. Foreman! Captain Oct. 1, 1864. . .Nov. 27, 1864
Charles C. Wheeler 1st Lieutenant. Mar. 25, 1863... May 1, 1863
George W. Foreman! 1st Lieutenant. Oct. 31, 1863... Jan. 1, 1864
John W. Huffman! 1st Lieutenant. Oct. 1, 1864. ..Nov. 27, 1864
George W. Foremanj 2d Lieutenant.. Mar. 25, 1863.. .May 1, 1863
Milton Pendergastf 2d Lieutenant.. June 1,1865...
COMPANY C.
Richard L. Leeson Captain Nov. 18, 1862... Dec. 27,1862
John ReeseJ 1st Lieutenant . Nov. 18, 1862. . . Dec. 27, 1862
* Promoted.
t Promoted from the ranks.
t Killed in battle of Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863.
i Resigned .
APPENDIX. 325
Name Rank Date of Commis'n Date of Muster
John R. Kennedyt 1st Lieutenant. Nov. 26, 1863... Jan. 3, 1864
Moses H. Kibbef 2d Lieutenant.. Nov. 18, 1862.. .Dec. 27, 1862
John Burkhartt 2d Lieutenant.. Feb. 19, 1863.. .May 1, 1863
Isaac C. Wordent 2d Lieutenant. .June 1, 1865.. .
COMPANY D.
James H. Mauzy Captain June 2, 1S63. ..Aug. 2, 1863
William BealeT 1st Lieutenant. June 2, 1863. ..Aug. 2, 1863
Deliscus Lingenfelterf 1st Lieutenant. June 2, 18(;3. ..Aug. 28, 1863
Deliscus Lingenfelter 2nd Lieutenant. June 2, 1863. ..
Daniel L. Thomasf 2nd Lieutenant. June 1, 1865. ..
COMPANY E.
Charles H. Brvant Captain Nov. 24, 1862. . . Nov. 24, 1862
George W. Sh'eldonTf 1st Lieutenant. Nov. 24, 1862.. .Nov. 24, 1862
Robert J. Pricet § 1st Lieutenant. Feb. 1, 1863.. .Apr. 1,1863
Oliver B. Liddell. 1st Lieutenant. Sept. 10, 1863.. .Nov. 11, 1863
Peter F. Glardont 2nd Lieutenant. Nov. 24, 1862.. .Nov. 24, 1862
Oliver B. Liddellf 2nd Lieutenant. June 10, 1863.. .
Thomas E. Hallf 2nd Lieutenant. June 1, 1865.. .
COMPANY F.
John Hicks Captain Aug. 20, 1863.. .Jan. 1, 1864
Joseph W.Arnold 1st Lieutenant. Aug. 20, 1863.. .
Moses A. Culvert 1st Lieutenant. Oct. 10, 1863.. .Jan. 1,1864
Joseph W. Arnoldiy 2nd Lieutenant. Feb. 19, 1863.. .May 1, 1864
Joseph Shillt 2nd Lieutenant. June 1, 1865.. .
COMPANY G.
George W. Claypool Captain.. ..... .Mch. 25, 1863... May 1, 1863
Joseph R. Clarke 1st Lieutenant. Mch. 25, 1863.. . May 1,1863
Oliver B. Halstedt 1st Lieutenant. July 1, 1864 . .Aug.29. 1864
Joseph R. Clarkt 2nd Lieutenant. Nov. 30. 1862.. .Nov. 30 1862
Climpson B. Moorett 2nd Lieutenant. Mch. 25. 1863.. .May 1,1863
Alanson R. Rymanf 2nd Lieutenant. June 1, 1865.. .
COMPANY H.
Francis AL Wilkinsoi Captain Nov. 30, 1863... Jan. 1, 1864
Elijah H. Case 1st Lieutenant. Nov. 30, 1863...
John M. Davis l.-t Lieutenant. Mch. 17, 1864.. .May 28, 1864
Elijah H. Case* t If 2nd Lieutenant. Feb. 19, 1863.. .May 1, 1863
Shadrach Stringerf 2nd Lieutenant. June 1, 1865.. .
COMPANY I.
Nathaniel S. Patton Captain July 1, 1864.. .Aug. 28, 1864
George Carson 1st Lieutenant. July 1, 1864.. .Aug. 28, 1864
George Carson*t 2nd Lieutenant. April 3, 1863.. . April30, 1863
John W. Woodt 2nd Lieutenant. June 1, 1865.. .
COMPANY K.
Edward W. Woodt 1st Lieutenant. June 10, 1863.. .Aug. 1. 1863
Edward P. Johnsont 2ndLieutenant.June 10, 1863.. .
* Promoted.
+ Promoted from the ranks.
§ Killed in battle of Chickamauga, September 19, 1863.
1 Resigned.
326
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V, I.
ROSTER OF ENLISTED MEN
Mustered into Service August 19, 1862, together with List AND Date of Muster of Recruits.
Compiled from report of Adjutant-General W. H. H. Terrell.
Bailey, Moses
Alley, Henry W. Vance, Edward A.
Sutfin, William P. Stagner, John W. Alley, John S. McKinney, William
Vance, William F.
Lemaster, Reuben
AlU y, James Armstrong, James W. Archcraft, Ivin Barker, John Belville, William Brooks, Nehemiah Bruner, Wrlliam Burns, John H. Corl, Henry Chambers, George P. Champ, Thomas Cheney, Frank Clark, Albert Clever, Frederick Cones, William H. Dement, George G. Dilks, Henry H. Dilks, Leonard Dougherty, Benjamin Davis, Isaac Druce, Levi
COMPANY A.
First Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Paul, Francis M. Bird, William F.
Corporals.
Drake, Gideon Jones, John W. Cook, Ezekiel R.
Musicians,
Swan, James C.
Wagoner.
Privates.
Eggleston, John N. Flowers, Thomas Flowers, Alfred Fortune, James Gerron, Dudley Hannafey, James Hesler, Frank Hervey, Jamt s H. Hunt, Omer Hurt, William Jenkins, William Jones, David S. Jones, Thomas W. Kappas, John Kitcher, William Lane, Francis M. Lawson, Nathan Lt masters. Fielding Lewis, James Lewis, John Lowe, John
APPENDIX.
327
Privates. Gontinued.
Maple, Jasper Maple, Francis M. Marlin, William Mathews, John McCune, George F. McCune, Robert McShane, Frank Miller, William Mitchell, William B. Myers, Harmon Nisely, James R. Nolan, Joseph L. Potter, William M
M.
Renegan, John H Rex, David Scott, Joseph M. Sloan, James L, Spencer, James H. Wiley, Andrew J. Williams, John W. Williamson, Andrew Wilson, Aaron Woods, Cornelius Woodford, Robert Wires, John
Recruits.
Date of Muster.
Bland, Geo. W Dec. 6, 1863
Eggleston, Wm. H... . Feb. 4, 1864
Hooten, Thomas Nov. 1, 1862
Hime, Samuel Aug. 19, 1862
Hainey, Thomas D. . . Jan. 7, 1864
Level, Solorr on. . . . McConnell, James.. Rex, Emanuel. . . .
Scott, William
Townsend, Geo. W.
Judd, George Thomas, William H
Date of Muster. Dec. 15, 1862 .Dec. 80, 1862 ..Nov. 5, 1862 ..May 6, 1863 ..Dec. 8, 1862 .Aprils, 1864
Dickerson, William S.
Sanders, John M. Hyatt, James H.
Wooley, Alfred M. Hancock, Francis M. Foreman, George W. Albright, John
Hair, William
Muir, Joseph H.
Atkinson, Andrew Alcorn, John H. Atkinson, John M. Boswell, Elijah Black, William H. Borders, Augustus Borders, Jacob Boswell, William Buckingham, Lewis Bear, William
COMPANY B.
First Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Jones, Joseph Mullen, Thompson D.
Corporals.
Pendergast, Milton Huffman, John W. Preble, James M. Hyatt, Calvin
Mtisicians.
Hair, Francis C.
Wagoner.
Privates.
Black, Benjamin T. Brown, Oliver H. Brown, William Breeden, Joseph A. Cassidy, Stephen A. Cleaston, Harmon H. Colman, Daniel T. Carter, David Cady, David N. Cady, Andrew P.
328
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Privates. Continued.
Dermit, Josiah Nicholas, Benjamin S.
Davis, Joshua Nicholas, Philip P.
Fiedler, Ludwick E. H. Overturf, Samuel
Folsom, James M. Pullim, William
Ferguson, George H. Parsons, Ephraim
Glaze, John W. Rankin, Albert
Green, Richard L. . Robertson, Mark
Gaddis, James G. Robertson, Joesph
Hyatt, Starling. Rosety, Samuel
Herndon, Thomas Rozell, Elliott W.
Hardesty, Francis M. Ratakin, Jonathan
Henderson, John Shaw, Wilson
Hontz, Godfried Stark, William G.
Johnson, Wells Stark, James
Jackson, Amos Stewart, William
King, Cephas C. Simpson, Charles
King, Peter B. Stevens, Jacob
Laswell, Thomas D. Smith, William F.
Lipperd, John W. Stricklin, David
JVIichael, Jacob ' Sutton, Thomas W.
Moxley, Constant G. Turl, Joshua
Martin, Patrick Tyer, William
Martin, Jeremiah Wooley, Daniel
McCrede, William H. Whitaker, Thomas
Morris, William Wooley, Cory A.
Miles, John L. Wooley, William B.
Monroe, Allen W. Williams, Eli McKittrick, Robert
Recmits. Date Date
of Muster. of Muster.
Alcorn, William P . . . Nov. 21, 1862 Jennings, Jesse Nov. 30, 1864
Hyatt, James W Oct. 5, 1864 Latimore, John Feb. 1, 1864
Hyatt, "Wilson Oct. 5, 1864 Short. Alfred P Nov. 21, 1862
Hodshier, Victor D. . . . Jan. 1, 1864
Kibbey, Moses H.
Burkhart, John Kennedy, John
Burtch, Thompson P. McWhorter, Lynn Stolz, Peter Conner, Daniel H.
COMPANY C. First Sergeant.
Sergeant,^.
Jinks, Richard Curry, Milton
Corporals.
Miller, Eliphalet B. Burris, Charles W. Murray, Samuel J. Doty. Daniel
Ferris, James
Wagoner.
APPENDIX.
329
Privates.
Allison, George W. Applegate, William H. H. Allison, William Alley, Andrew Abrahams, Benjamin Applegate, James Armstrong, William Armstrong, Milton Bedoll, Alexander Blazier, George W. Bunyard, William W. Bunyard, Henry W. Brooks, David Brooks, Geo'ge Brunger, Stephen Brooks, Nicholas E. Clark, Robert Chapman, Neunham Crowell, Harrison Cooksey, James B. Collyer, Wesley Davis, Henry P. Dearmond, Conrad Daniels, George W. Daniels, John W. Fey, Philip Green, Jonathan Gross, John Green, John Gordon, William F.
Gordon, Clinton
G^-orge, William Horsley, Isaac High, Edwin W. Harry, Elisha Hillman, Edwin A. Johnson, Albert James, William H. H. Johnson, James A. Jones, Samuel I.
Kay, John L. Longsley, Francis M. Lewis, Eliphalet Leish, Francis Milner, John Moslander, George McGlin, James Morford, Elisha Milner. Amos O. Osborne, James T. Pugh, George L. Patterson, George E. Potts, Stephen M. Patterson, John Patterson, William J. Ricord, Martin Reed, Stewart Smith, John H. Salyers, John D. Shafer, Claudius Shafer, Ira
Sherwood, Francis M. Sutton, George Scott, Joel Swift, Richard Smith, Nathaniel Snyder, George Vincent, William A. Walker, Alexander Worden, Zenus M. Welsh, Joseph White, John I. Whitelock, Bailey J. Wilson, Squire H. Wier, John Wier, Jonathan Worden, Isaac C. Wildridge, James Yates, John P.
Recruits
Date of Muster.
Banes, Charles W Dec. 9, 1863
Bedoll, Alexander J.. .Dec. 9, 1863 Clark, James W . . .March 10, 1864
Chance, John W Jan. 27, 1865
Dunlop, John R Dec. 9, 1863
Dunlop, John Feb. 11, 1864
High, Jenks B March 11, 1864
Murray, Coburn Dec. 9, 1863
Date of Muster.
Potts, James S Jan. 27, 1865
Reese, Otho Sept. 22, 1863
Schilman, John Dec. 17, 1863
Smith, William Jan. 12, 1864
Smith, George W Jan. 12, 1864
Tyner, George March 11, 1864
Whitelock, Chas. W\. Dec. 7, 1863
Smith, James A.
COMPANY D.
First Sergeant.
330
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Cohn, Gabriel Richie, George T.
Richie, James W. Innis, William Woods, William Smith, James W^ C.
Aldridge, William F. Alexander, James H. Bramblett, Thomas E. Burns, Michael Brown, John D. Bosley. James R. Bradburn, James Besterne, Hugh Bodine, Samuel S. Bosley, Thomas Billings, Abraham S. Baker, Remberton S. Buzan, William I. C. Chalfant, Wesley Calender, John Cohee, Benjamin F. Conrad, Henry Delashmit, Noah Dale. Isaac David, James B. Danner, William H. Delashmit, James T. Eagy, Charles Earnest, Amos W. Farlow, Alfred Francis, John M. Fleehart, Daniel S. Goodwin, Leander Griffin, William Gates, Arthur J. Grubb, Oliver J. Gisselbach, Frank Hendricks, William Junkin, Charles F. Junkin, Edward A. Jones, Samuel B. Lingenfelter, Deliscus Lester, Charles
Sergeants.
Burns, William Snider, George W.
Corporals.
Thomas, Daniel L. Sowder, William M. Caldwell, Harvey Hurst, Isaac C.
Privates.
Lytle, John, Lange, Walter S. Liptrop, James R. Long, Charles Lee, Caleb C. Maxey, Mason Mavity, Uriah J. Mohler, John J, Mohler, Oliver H. Miller, Lemon Nipp, William O'Toole, John Pegg, Samuel C. Pierce, Manlius W. Pappino, Silas C. Pattison, Thom, s T. Ploughe, Noah T. Pierce, Lewellen Roberts, James H.- Roberts, John A. Robinson, John Richie, Asbury Rogers, Isaac Silvers, Isaac Simmonds, John Stewart, Luther T. Short, Frederick W. Sailors, Oliver H. Smith, George Simpson, Daniel W. Trembly, Jefferson E. Travillion, Martin Wilson, Allen B. Wilson, John L. T. Walters, Payton H. Widnu, Jeremiah A. Widnu. David S. Whitley, Enoch
Recruits.
Date
of Muster.
Chalfant, Mathias Nov. 1, 1862
Cox, David A Nov. 3, 1862
Forbes, John W Nov. 3, 1862
Murphy, Joab P. .- . . . .Oct. 26, 1862
Mullen, Otis Jan. 7, 1864
Ogden, Joshua D Dec. 26, 1863
Date of Muster.
Peacock, Moses D... .Dec. 26, 1863
Rust, Francis M Dec. 26, 1863
Smith, John Nov. 3, 1864
Vale, Leander March 6, 1865
White, Henry C Nov. 3, 1864
APPENDIX.
331
Liddell, Oliver B.
Crist, Hiram C. Robbins, Jeremiah
COMPANY E. First Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Neff, Charles Terhune, James
Smith, George W. Lewis, Albert Babcock, Worden L. Alfred, Simeon
Corporaln.
Stockman, Lewis C. Eckert, Michael Wade, Luallen J. Wardell, Francis
Goeble, Adam McCright, Austin
Alfred, Joseph Baines, James Babcock, Lemuel Beggs, LaFayette Bolander, Chris W. Borden, IVIichael Bearens, Henry Callahan, William Clark, Hiram R. Claspil, Martin Cady, Robert M. Campbell. James S. Donner, John Davern, Michael Darragh, Charles Daniels, Richard Ewbank, Robert J. Ewbank, John A. Goodwin, John Godfrey, Jacob Glardon, Peter F. Gould, Richard H. Gould, Joseph Graham, Alonzo Gibbs, Asa Gibbs, Theodore Gruber, Joseph Hayes, Jesse Hahn, Joseph Hammel, Nelson Hendrickson, Abram Hall, Thomas L. Hall, William Klinerman, William
Musician.
Wagoner.
Privates.
Koch, John W.
Knowles, Amasa C.
Lyon, Charles
Moore, Marcus
Morley, John
Neff, Rudolph
Probst, Jacob
Rudleson, Michael
Rinearson, John
Ross, John
Rockaway, William
Sohn, Rudolph Skelton, John Shafer, Michael Smith, George Sullivan, John R. Smith, William F. Snell, Charles Smith, James A. Schmitt, Jacob Schmitt, George Swan, Levi B. Snell, Abram Texter, Christopher Tuley, William Taylor, Elias Tuley, James Walters, Hiram G. Walters, William G. Weigart, Benjamin F. Wyneman, Jacob Ward, William Wilson, John
332
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Recruits.
Date of Muster.
Bennett, James Feb. 25, 1862
Crawford, John R. . . .Oct. 31, 1862 Button, Stephen A.. .Aug. 25, 1862 Dyke, William H . . . .Aug. 25, 1862 Eubank, Robert W. . .Mar. 3, 1864
Grove, John W Aug. 27, 1862
Irish, Charles Aug. 11, 1863
Laine, Jesse L. April 9, 1863
Bate of Muster.
Mavity, John A Sept. 19, 1862
Noble, Robert J Aug. 25, 1872
Parker, Deforest Jan. 7, 1864
Smith, John L Mar. 3, 1864
Tull, Isom Jan. 7, 1864
Weatherford, David. . . Dec. 3, 1862 York, Caswell Jan. 7, 1864
Showers, David D.
McKee, James Standiford, James A.
Thackrey, James B. Parker, James Eaton, David L. Arnold, Joseph W.
McFatridge, Henry C.
Arnold, James Arnold, Yewlis Beasic, Celestine Belanger, William Davis, Isaac Denny, Ambrose Day, David A. Eaton, Arnold P. Fulmer, David Glans, Nicholas Gursling, George Hausman, Charles Hiner, John Harrell, Joshua Houk, Franklin Hardy, Henry Holloway, James L. Jones, James Kermickle, John Lewis, Nathan W. Lhies, David G. Lewis, Isaac Lines, Enoch Lozia, Martin Lutz, Michael Lyons, William H.
COMPANY F.
First Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Culver, Moses A. Eaton, Hiram
Corporals.
Bare, Thompson Johnson, Benjamin C. Brunt, William H. Nicolai, Henry
Musicians.
Lyons, David
Privates.
Luxx, George Lamb, Michael McQuane, Andrew McKee, Homer B. McLaughlin, John U. Moore, Stephen J. Mace, Fleming PoUman, John Parker, Stephen A. Porter, Robert L. Parker, Harvey J. Peteman, Lewis Ralph, George W. A. J. Reinier, James L. Runion, John H. Shill, Joseph Shackleford, Erastus Showers, Benjamin Stackhouse, George H. Skinnims, James Skinner, Joseph Thackrey, Thomas B. Thackrey, Thomas E. Thackrey, Jacob C. Thackrey, Stephen Toy, Ephraim
APPENDIX.
333
Priratcn. Continued.
Victory, John Wantling, William
White, Seth Winkleman, John K.
Williams, William G. Williams, VVilliam Waters, John
Recruits.
Date Date
of Muster. of Muster.
Adkins, George W. . .Dec. 26, 1868 Martin, William M. . Aug. 19, 1862
Elliott, John b Jan. 29, 1864 Steele, John S Aug. 20, 1862
Fortune, Lewis Nov. 1, 1862 Stackhouse, David. . . .Nov. 2, 1862
Leeinan, Charles Nov. 15, 1862
Clark, Joseph R.
Wilson, George Moore, Climpson B.
Best, William Burnett, Thomas J. Stephens, Isaac, Jr. Hubbard, James A.
Lynn, Prince Albert
Bright, Ezekial A.
Bell, Thomas E. Barton, Caleb S. Bresler, William H. Craven, George Cheney, Edmund J. Castle, James Davis, George M. D. Dukate, John B. Donough, Andrew Filer, Charles E. Higgs, James M. Halstead, Oliver Hickson, Charles H. Hayward, Thomas B. Hall, Theodore Jones, William Jamison, Jacob Larimore, Isaac Line, Dennis B. Loper, Elmer Monroe, Libius
COMPANY G.
First Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Smith, Edward C. McCready, Samuel
Corporals.
Dukate, James Trusler, John N. Ryman, Alanson R. Swift, Franklin
Musicians.
Hibbard, Marion B.
Wagoner.
Privates.
Macombs, James McCready, Jacob A. Minson, Entiles Moore, James C. McCormick, Theodore Miller, Lewis C. Mariatt, Charles E. Masters, Jacob K. Moore, Andrew McFall, John Masters, David W. Mclivaine, James P. Masters, John W. McDonald, Ambrose Mariatt, Hezekiah R. Oliphant, Francis M. Ogden, Charles W. Pippin, Joseph Pierson, John R. Poe, Chester Parrott, Nimrod
334
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Privates. Continued.
Ryman, Jarred C. Risk, Charles B. Roberts, William P. Remy, William H. Ryman, Cineas Rose, Hezekiah Roberts, LaFayette Stout, John Stillwell, David Skinner, Theodore Shepperd, Thomas C. Stephens, Isaac J.
Sims, James L. Templeton, Oliver G. Van Meter, Joseph N. Wayne, Elijah Wallace, William J. White, Melville B. West, Andrew H. Weaver, William H. Wright, Fuller Yates, Thomas B. Yates, Daniel
Recruits.
Armstrong, Wm. F...
Bird, William A
Coil, John L
Glover, LaFayette.. .
Gall, Raphael
Higgs, George W. . . . Howard, Thomas J. . Lewis, Isaac
Date
of Muster.
.Dec. 18, 1863
..Feb. 5, 1864
.Dec. 18, 1863
. Nov. 6, 1863 .Jan. 13,1864
.Jan. 13, 1864 ..Feb. 6, 1864 ..Dec. 9, 1863
Moulton, George W McCarty, William, . Reed, Zachariah. . . Smith, Jeremiah W. Swift, Richard M...
Smith, Henry ,
Smith, James
Date
of Muster.
...Dec. 9,1863 ..Sept. 6, 1862 .Mch. 17, 1864 ...Dec. 3, 1863 ..Dec. 18,1863 .Dec. 18,1868 ...Tan. 13,1864
Washburne, William S.
Case, Elijah H. Stringer, Shadrach
Blew, Samuel Johnson, Nicholas V. Davis, Nathan Jones, John M.
Harper, Rufus
Alvey, William Baker, David G. Budemeyer, Deitrich Bickle, Henry Baker, William M. Baker, David, Jr. Barber, John Best, William H. Barricman, Martin C. Burns, Thomas Burth, John
COMPANY H. First Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Davis, John M. Jeffries, Lycurgus
Corporals.
Backhouse, Theo. Bradburn, Henry Harrell, John C. Lyons, Zachariah
Musicians.
Baker, Samuel R.
Privates.
Campbell, Ge«rge W. Cummins, Elbert M. Carson, James E. Crocker, Wesley Cregar, Elmore W. Dunham, Aaron Feary, Charles Farmer, John A. Ferguson, Thomas A. Gleason, William Gage, Benjamin
APPENDIX.
335
Privates. Continued.
Greger, John H. Proctor, John
Grimes, Patrick Quick, James M.
Harris, William H. Runyan, John R.
Howell, George W. Raymond, Lewis
Holliday, John Rogers, Martin
Hopkins, Isaac Rogers, Peter
Heep, John Roe, John P. A.
Jacques, Joseph Robeson, John
Jenkins, Elhanan W. Rust, Herbert L.
Kilgore, Elwood Schoonover, Benjamin F.
Kennedy, John S. Serring, Silas W.
Long, Joseph Serring, William H.
Larue, Brison Spradling, William N.
Laforge, James L. Smith, Benjamin A.
Lee, Gabriel Spradling, Elisha
Lee, William Sickler, Nehemiah
Morford, Joseph Taylor, Charles A.
Maley, Michael Teegarden, Daniel
Miller, Henry H Taylor, John W.
Meyncke, Christopher C. Vanlandigham, Lewis, Jr.
Mullin, Joel Vessendorf, Henry
Millspaugh, Peter B. Withers, Jerome J.
Maley, Patrick Washington, Isaac
Parvis, Jonathan Woodworth, Adelbert C. Price, Robert J.
Recruits. Date Date
of Muster. of Muster.
Chamberlain, F. M. . .Jan. 13, 1864 Peterman, Henry C. .April 8, 1863
Hensler, Albert Jan. 13, 1864 Raymond, Lewis Dec. 9, 1863
Koehler, August.. . . .—Jan. 13, 1864 Smart, William F Jan. 13, 1864
Meyncke, James.. . . Aug. 19, 1862 Williams, David Jan. 13, 1864
Newman, Jacob Mch. 17,1864 Washington, Jas. E. .Mch. 17, 1864
O'Byrne. George F. . .Jan. 13, 1864 Washington. Isaac. .Mch. 17, 1864
Carson, George
Showalter, Franklin F. Hawkins, George G.
COMPANY L
F^irst Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Wood, John W. Stout, Joab H.
Bolton, Robert W. May, Thomas T. Alexander. Israel C. Smiser, Jacob
Shumm, John P. Plough, John
Corporals.
Alexander, Elbert S. Wynn, James Stage, Hiram P. Webb, William B.
Musician. Wagoner.
336
SIXTY EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Privates.
Byons, John H. Burrus, Newton J. Booth, William A. Brehenney, James Clendenning, Thomas Childers, Jesse ChilderF, Joseph H. Cox, James H. Christy, Henry P. Critcher, John Carson, Joel Davis, Thomas C. Fieber, William M. Grant, Giles Guard, Oliver P. Guard, William J. Guard, Samuel M. Gilmore, John W. Gilmore, Andrew J. Goldsmith. William H. O. Humes, Worthington Humes, John C. Hood, James N. Hughes, David M. Hiberland, Andrew J. Hibbard, Clayburne W. Heckinger, John Herring, Isaac Howell, Charles W. Higgs, George W. Irwin, Ovid Klapp, William M. Littell, Elias Laforge, Ephraim Lyon, John V. T. Landsberry, William V. Matherly, William W. Mcllvain, Ira Mcllvain, William W.
Murray, John D. McMann, Wellington Moncrief, Wilson L. Moncrief, John C. Moncrief, Perry Mitchell, Newton Manson, Patrick McCune, John W. May, Jeremiah McCo'rkle, Alexander P. Moore, Peter Moore, George Moore, Anderson S. Moore, Edmund M. McDowell, Oliver P. Ogden, William R. Patrick, Andrew J. Patrick, Solomon H. Plymote, Alfred H. Reed, Henry Runyan, Reuben A. Roberts, Calvin T. Reed, David C. Reed, Reason Reed, John H. Stage, Paul R. Stafford, John W. Shafer, John W. Shera, William Shera, James Spriggs, Riley Swope, Russell Thompson, John F. Thompson, John W. Viley, Joseph Webb, James G. Wright, Joy Wynn, William Wiley, Francis M.
Recruits. Date of Muster.
Covert, Lucas Oct. 7, 1862
Eglin, Francis M Aug. 26, 1861
Date of Muster.
May, John Q. A Nov. 27, 1862
Pool, James R Nov. 7, 1862
Pierce, William O.
Dawson, John H. Wood, Edward W.
COMPANY K. First Sergeant.
Sergeants.
Arnold, Omar A. Wood, Robert W.
APPENDIX,
337
Johnson, Edward P. Kelley, Constantine Abbott, Monroe Wilson, Oliver C.
Riggin, Mellvin M.
Corporals.
Moore, Benjamin F, Duncan, Joshua Gualt, David H. Todd, Robert
Musicians.
Moore, John W.
Wagoner. Lloyd, Harvey S.
Privates.
Arnold, George C. Laughlin, David
Arnold, William S. Lewis, William S.
Arnold, Milton Losey, William F.
Arnold, Ithiel S. Lippard, Columbus
Auston, Samuel L. McGehan, William
Auston, William Mulvaney, John M.
Abbott, Isaac M. Mills, Benjamin
Buhriege, George L. Mackey, John
Beggs, William G. McKinley, James H.
Bowen. William W. Nelson, Samuel B.
Brooks, John E. Punnal, William
Burlingame, Stephen Robbms, Montreville
Bohmer, Henry Shuman, Thomas S.
Cannon, Charles Shafer, Conrad
Cornell, William H. Shockley, John
Carr, Thomas Stevenson, William T.
Craven, Allen Smith, John
Childs, Benjamin — Strastinger, Henry
Darley, Thomas Sutton, Henry P.
Frazier, William H. Soper, Francis A.
Grow, Michael Sitzger, Joseph
Gray, Josiah Stautsman, Adam F.
Gualt, Elton H. Sedwick, William F.
Gualt, James H. Todd, John
Holt, Samuel Tanner, Martm L.
Herndon, Jonathan Tower, Alvah W.
Hancock, Curtis Taylor, Robert K.
Johnson, John W. Truitt. Thomas J.
Jones, John H. Wilson, Arvah D.
King, George Wilson, Moses P.
Knott, John P. Wood, Henry E. Kidwell, John W.
Recruits. Date Bate
of Muster. of Muster.
Curry, Archibald Jan. 9, 1864 Stutzman, Adam F. .Aug. 19, 1862
Hall, Jared W Dec. 3, 1862 Smith, James H Sept. 8, 1862
Malott, William H.... Dee. 5, 1862 Tucker, William H... Sept. 8, 1862
Unassigned Recruits.
Hester, Frank Aug. 14, 1862 McArty, Phillip Jan. 27, 1864
Hixon, Charles H. .March 10, 1864 Speake, James E Aug. 29, 1864
Kiser, William April 9, 1863
22
338
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I,
SUMMARY OF Men CalIvEd for by the President of the United States and Furnished by and Credited to the States and Territories During the War of the Rebei^won.
States and Tbrritobibs
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts. . Rhode Island. . . Connecticut ....
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania . .
Delaware
Maryland
West Virginia. . Dist. Columbia.
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
Kentucky
Kansas
Tennessee
Arkansas
North Carolina.
California
Nevada
Oregon
Washington T. .
Nebraska T
Colorado T
Dakota T
New Mexico T..
Alabama
Florida
Louisiana
Mississippi
Texas
Indian Nation. . '. Colored troops. .
Quota
73,587
35,897
32,074
139,095
18,898
44,797
507,148
92,820
385,369
13,935
70,965
34,463
13,973
306,322
199,788
244,496
95,007
109,080
26,326
79,521
122,496
100,782
12,931
1,560
780
1,560
Men
70,107
33,937
33,288
146,730
23,236
55,864
448,850
76,814
337,936
12,284
46,638
32,068
16,534
313,180
196,363
259,092
87,364
91,327
24,020
76,242
109,111
75,760
20,149
31,092
8,289
3.156
15,725
1,080
1,810
964
3,157
4,903
206
6,561
2,576
1,290
5,224
545
1,965
3,530
93,441
Paid Commu- tation
Totals . .
I • 2,763,670
2,007 692
1,974
5,318 463
1,515 18,197
4,196 28,171
1,386
3,678
338
6,479
784
55
2,008
5,097
1,032
67
3,265
2
2,772,4')8 86,724 2,859,132
Total
72,114
34,629
35,262
152,048
23,699
57,379
467,047
81,010
366,107
13,670
50,316
32,068
16,872
319,659
197,147
259,147
89,372
96,424
25,052
76,309
109,111
79,025
20,151
31,092
8,289
3,156
15,725
1,080
1,810
964
3,157
4,903
206
6,561
2,576
1,290
5,224
545
1,965
3,530
93,441
Aggregate Reduced to a Three Years'
Standard
56,676
30,349
29,068
124,104
17,866
50,623
392,270
57,908
265,517
10,322
41,275
27,714
11,506
240,514
153,576
214,133
80,111
79,260
19,693
68,630
86,530
70,832
18,706
26,394
7,836
3,156
15,725
1,080
1,773
964
2,175
3,697
206
4,432
1,611
1,290
4,654
545
1,632
3,530
91,789
2,320,272
APPENDIX.
339
Population, in 1860, of the following groups of states and territories:
New England States $,135,283
Middle States 7,458,985
Western States and Territories 8,042,497
Pacific States 450,910
Border States 3,605,275
Total 22,692,950
All calls for troops, reduced to a uniform three-years standard, amounted to 2,320,272. This number was about 10 per cent of the total population of the states and territories that remained faithful to the Union, and nearly 50 per cent of those capable of bearing arms, estimat- ing the arms-bearing population at 1 in 4.
54,137 white and 62,571 colored troops were furnished by the South- ern states. The total number of colored troops enlisted during the war was 186,097.
STATEMENT Showing the Number Kii,i,ed or Who Died of Wounds or from Other Causes in the Union Army During THE War.
Regulars |
White Volunteera |
Colored Troops |
Total |
|
Killed in battle |
1,335 1,174 27 3,009 159 |
41,369 46,271 442 153,995 23,188 |
1,514 1,760 57 29,212 837 |
44,218 |
Died of wounds and injuries.. . Suicide, homicide^executions. . Died of disease |
49,205 526 186,216 |
|||
Unknown causes |
24,184 |
|||
Totals |
5,704 |
265,265 |
33,380 |
304,349 |
The Adjutant-General reports that 26,168 men are known to have died while prisoners of war in the hands of the enemy.
The latest report from the War Department on record makes the total loss by death 303,504. The foregoing summary makes it 304,349, the difference arising from the fact that the Surgeon-General reports over 900 more regulars died durmg the war than the Adjutant-General.
PERCENTAGE.
Out of about every 65 men one man was killed in action.
Out of about every 56 men one man died of wounds received in action.
Out of about every 13 men one man died of disease and unknown causes.
Out of about every 9 men one man died while in service.
Out of about every 15 men one man was captured or reported missing.
Out of about every 10 men one man was wounded in action.
Out of about every 7 men captured one died while in captivity.
340 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND
Commanded by Maj.-Gen. William S. Rosecrans,
AT THE
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA, GEORGIA,
September 19 and 20, 1863.
Koster compiled by Hon. J. W. Kirkley, Board of Publication of War Kecords.
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.
1st Battalion Ohio Sharpshooters.
10th Ohio Infantry, Lieut. Col. William M. Ward.
15th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. William J. Palmer.
FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. Geokge H. Thomas.
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.
Provost- Guard. 9th Michigan Infantry.* Col. John G. Parkhurst.
Escort. 1st Ohio Cavalry, Company L, Capt. John D. Barker.
FIRST DIVISION (FOURTEENTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird.
First Brigade.
Col. Benjamin F, Scribner.
38th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Daniel F. Griffin. 2d Ohio:
Lieut. Col. Obadiah C. Maxwell.
Major William T. Beatty.
Capt. James Warnock. 33d Ohio, Col. Oscar F. Moore. 94th Ohio, Major Rue P. Hutchins. lOth Wisconsin:
Lieut. Col. John H. Ely
Capt. Jacob W. Roby. 1st Michigan, Light Battery A:
Lieut. George W. Van Pelt.
Lieut. Almerick W. Wilbur.
*'Not engaged; on train and provost duty.
APPENDIX. 341
Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. John C. Starkweather.
24th [llinois:
Col. Geza Mihalotzy.
Capt. August Mauff. 79th Pennsylvania, Col. Henry A. Hambright. 1st Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. George B. Bingham. 21st Wisconsin:
Lieut. Col. Harrison C. Hobart.
Capt. Charles H. Walker. Indiana Light, 4th Battery:
Lieut. David Flansburg.
Lieut. Henry J. Willitts.
Third Brirjade.
Brig. Gen. John H. King.
15th United States, 1st Battalion. Capt. Albert B. Dod. 16th United States, 1st Battalion:
Major Sidney Coolidge.
Capt. Robert E. A. Crofton. 18th United States, 1st Battalion, Capt. George W. Smith. 18th United States, 2d Battalion, Capt. Henry Haymond. 19th United States, 1st Battalion:
Major Samuel K. Dawson.
Capt. Edmund L. Smith. 5th United States Artillery, Battery H:
Lieut. Howard M. Burnham.
Lieut. Joshua A. Fessenden.
SECOND DIVISION (FOURTEENTH CORPS).
Maj.-GEN. James S. Negley.
First Brigade.
Brig.-Gen. John Beattv.
104th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Douglas Hapeman. 42d Indiana, Lieut. Col. William T. B. Mclntire. 88th Indiana, Col. George Humphrey. 15th Kentucky, Col. Marion C. Taylor. Illinois Light, Bridges Battery, Capt. Lyman Bridges.
Second Brigade.
Col. Timothy R. Stanley. Col. William L. Stoughton.
19th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Alexander W. Raffen. 11th Michigan:
Col. William L. Stoughton. Lieut. Col. Melvin Mudge. 18th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Charles H. Grosvenor. 1st Ohio Light, Battery M, Capt. Frederick Schultz.
342 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Third Brigade.
Col. William Sirwell.
37th Indiana, Lieut. Col. William D. Ward. 21st Ohio:
Lieut. Col. Dwella M. Stoughton.
Maj. Arnold McMahan.
Capt. Charles H. Vantine. 74th Ohio, Capt. Joseph Fisher. 78th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Archibald Blakeley. 1st Ohio Light, Battery G, Capt. Alexander Marshall.
THIRD DIVISION (FOURTEENTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. John M. Brannan.
First Brigade.
Col. John M. Connell.
82d Indiana, Col. Morton C. Hunter. 17th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Durbin Ward. 31st Ohio, Lieut. Col. Frederick \V. Lister. 38th Ohio,* Col. Edward H. Phelps. 1st Michigan Light, Battery D, Capt. Josiah W. Church.
Second Brigade.
Col. John T. Croxton. Col. Charles W. Chapman. Col. William H. Hays.
10th Indiana:
Col. William B. Carroll. Lieut. Col. Marsh B. Taylor. 74th Indiana:
Col. Charles W. Chapman. Lieut. Col. Myron Baker. 4th Kentucky:
Lieut. Col. P. Burgess Hunt. Maj. Robert M. Kelly. 10th Kentucky:
Col. William H. Hays. Maj. Gabriel C. Wharton. 14th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Henry D. Kingsbury. 1st Ohio Light, Battery C, Lieut. Marco B. Gary.
Third Brigade. Col. Ferdinand VanDerveer.
87th Indiana, Col. Newell Gleason.
2d Minnesota, Col. James George.
9th Ohio, Col. Gustave Kammerling. 35th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Henry V. Boynton.
4th U. S. Artillery, Battery I, Lieut. Frank G. Smith.
*Not engaged; train guard.
APPENDIX.
343
FOURTH DIVISION (FOUKTEENTH CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds.
First Brigade*
Col. John T. Wilder.
92d Illinois, Col. Smith D. Atkins. 98th Illinois:
Col. John J. Funkhouser.
Lieut. Col. Edward Kitchell. 123d Illinois, Col. James Monroe. 17th Indiana, Maj. William T. Jones. 72d Indiana, Col. Abram O. Miller. Indiana Light, 18th Battery, Capt. Eli Lilly.
Second Brigade.
Col. Edward A. King. Col. Milton S. Robinson.
68th Indiana, Capt. Harvey [. Espy. Wounded 4 P. M., Sat- urday, southeast of Brotherton House; Capt. Edmund Finn succeeding in command of 68th Indiana. 75th Indiana :
Col. Milton S. Robinson.
Lieut. Col. William O'Brien. 101st Indiana. Lieut. Col. Thomas Doan. 105th Ohio, Maj. George T. Perkins. Indiana Light, 19th Battery :
Capt. Samuel J. Harris.
Lieut. Robert S. Lackey.
Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. John B. Turchin. 18th Kentucky :
Lieut. Col. Hubbard K. Milward.
Capt. John B. Heltemes. 11th Ohio, Col. Philander P. Lane. 86th Ohio :
Col. William G. Jones.
Lieut. Col. Hiram F. Devol. 92d Ohio :
Col. Benjamin D. Fearing.
Lieut. Col. Douglas Putnam, Jr. Indiana Light, 21st Battery, Capt. William W. Andrew.
TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS.
Maj. Gen. Alexander McD. McCook.
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.
Provost Guard. 81st Indiana Infantry, Company H, Capt. William J. Richards.
Escort. 2d Kentucky Cavalry, Company I, Lieut. George W. L. Batman.
* Detached from the division; engaged as mounted infantry.
344 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
FIRST DIVISION (TWENTIETH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis.
First Brigade*
Col. P. Sidney Post.
59th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Joshua C. Winters.
74th Illinois, Col. Jason Marsh.
75th Illinois, Col. John E. Bennett.
22d Indiana, Col. Michael Gooding.
Wisconsin Light Artillery, 5th Battery, Capt. Geo. Q. Gardner.
Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. William P. Carlin.
21st Illinois:
Col. John W. S. Alexander.
Capt. Chester K. Knight. 38th Illinois :
Lieut. Col. Daniel H. Gilmer.
Capt. Willis G. Whitehurst. 81st Indiana :
Capt. Nevil B. Boone.
Maj. James E. Calloway. 101st Ohio :
Lieut. Col. John Messer.
Maj. Bedan B. McDanald.
Capt. Leonard D. Smith. Minnesota Light Artillery, 2d Battery :
Lieut. Albert Woodbury.
Lieut. Richard L. Dawley.
Third Brigade.
Col. Hans C. Heg. Col. John A. Martin. 25th Illinois:
Maj. Samuel D. Wall. Capt. Wesford Taggart. 35th Illinois, Lieut. Col. William P. Chandler. 8th Kansas:
Col. John A. Martin. Lieut. Col. James L. Abernathy. 15th Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. Ole C. Johnson. Wisconsin Light Artillery, 8th Battery, Lieut. John D. McLean.
SECOND division (TWENTIETH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Richard W. Johnson. First Brigade. Brig. Gen. August Willich. 89th Illinois:
Lieut. Col. Duncan J. Hall. Maj. William D. Williams.
* Not engaged; guarding train.
APPENDIX.
345
32d Indiana, Lieut. Col. Frank Erdelmeyer. 89th Indiana,* Col. Thomas J. Harrison. 15th Ohio, Lieut. Col. P>ank Askew. 49th Ohio:
Maj. Samuel F. Grav.
Capt. Luther M. Strong. 1st Ohio Light Art., Battery A. Capt. Wilbur F. Goodspeed.
Second Brigade. Col. Joseph B. Dodge.
79th Illinois, Col. Allen Buckner. 29th Indiana. Lieut. Col. David M. Dunn. 30th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Orrin D. Hurd. 77th Pennsylvania :
Col. Thos. E. Rose.
Capt. Joseph J. Lawson. Ohio Light Artillery, 20th Battery, Capt. Edward GrosskopEf.
Third Brigade.
Col. Philemon P. Baldwin. Col. William W. Berry.
6th Indiana:
Lieut. Col. Hagerman Tripp. Maj. Calvin D. Campbell. 5th Kentucky:
Col. Wm. W. Berry. Capt. John M. Huston. 1st Ohio, Lieut. Col. Bassett Langdon. 93d Ohio:
Col. Hiram Strong. Lieut. Col. William H. Martin. Indiana Light Artillery, 5th Battery, Capt. Peter Simonson.
THIRD division (TWENTIETH CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan.
Fimt Brigade.
Brig. Gen. William H. Lytle. Col. Silas Miller.
36th Illinois:
Colonel Silas Miller.
Lieut. Col. Porter C. Olson. 88th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Alexander S. Chadbourne. 21st Michigan:
Col. William B. McCreery.
Maj. Seymour Chase. 24th Wisconsin:
Lieut. Col. Theodore S. West.
Maj. Carl von Baumbach. Indiana Light Art., 11th Battery, Capt. Arnold Sutermeister.
* Detached from its brigade and serving as mounted infantry.
346 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Second Brigade.
Col. Bernard Laiboldt.
44th Illinois, Col. Wallace W. Barrett. 78d Illinois, Col. James F. Jacquess.
2d Missouri, Maj. Arnold Beck, 15th Missouri, Col. Joseph Conrad.
1st Missouri Light Artillery, Battery G, Lieut. Gustavus Schueler.
T/iird Brigade.
Col. Luther P. Bradley. Col. Nathan H. Walworth.
22d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Francis Swanwick. 27th Illinois, Col. Jonathan R. Miles. 42d Illinois:
Col. Nathan H. Walworth.
Lieut. Col. John A. Hottenstein. 51st Illinois, Lieut. Col. Samuel B. Raymond. 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Battery C, Capt. Mark H.
Prescott.
TWENTY-FIRST ARMY CORPS.
Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden.
general headquarters.
Escort.
15th Illinois Cavalry, Company K, Capt. Samuel B. Sherer.
FIRST DIVISION (TWENTY-FIRST CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood.
First Brigade. Col. George P. Buell.
100th Illinois:
Col. Frederick A. Bartleson. Maj. Charles M. Hammond. 58th Indiana, Lieut. Col. James T. Embree. 13th Michigan:
Col. Joshua B. Culver. Maj. Willard G. Eaton. 26th Ohio, Lieut. Col. William H. Young. Indiana Light, 8th Battery, Capt. George Estep.
Secofid Brigade.*
Brig. Gen. George D. Wagner.
15th Indiana, Col. Gustavus A. Wood.
40th Indiana, Col. John W. Blake.
57th Indiana, Lieut. Col. George W. Lennard.
* Stationed at Chattanooga and not engaged.
APPENDIX. 347
97th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Milton Barnes.
Indiana Liajht, 10th Battery, Lieut. William A. Naylor.
TJiird Brigade.
Col. Charles G. Marker.
3d Kentucky, Col. Henry C. Dunlap. 64th Ohio, Col. Alexander Mcllvain. 65th Ohio:
Lieut. Col. Horatio N. Whitbeck. Maj. Samuel C. Brown. Capt. Thomas Powell. 126th Ohio, Col. Emerson Opdycke. Ohio Light, 6th Battery, Capt. CuUen Bradley.
SECOND DIVISION (TWENTY-FIRST CORPS).
Maj. Gen. John M. Palmer.
First Brigade. Brig. Gen. Charles Cruet.
31st Indiana, Col. John T. Smith.
1st Kentucky,* Lieut. Col. Alva R. Hadlock.
2d Kentucky, Col. Thomas D. Sedgewick. 90th Ohio, Col. Charles H. Rippey.
1st Ohio Light, Battery B, Lieut. Norman A. Baldwin.
Second Brigade.
Brig. Gen. William B. Hazen.
9th Indiana, Col. Isaac C. B. Suman. 6th Kentucky :
Col. George T. Shakelford.
Lieut. Col. Richard Rockingham.
Maj. Richard T. Whitaker. 41st Ohio, Col. Aquila Wiley. 124th Ohio :
Col. Oliver H. Payne.
Maj. James B. Hainpson. Isl Ohio Light Battery F, Lieut. Giles J. Cockerill.
Third Brigade.
Col. William Grose.
84th Illinois, Col. Louis H. Waters. 36th Indiana :
Lieut. Col. Oliver H. P. Carey. Maj. Gilbert Trusler. 23d Kentucky, Lieut. Col. James C. Foy. 6th Ohio :
Col. Nicholas L. Anderson. Maj. Samuel C. Erwm. 24th Ohio, Col. David J. Higgms. 4th United States Art., Battery H, Lieut. Harry C. Gushing. 4th United States Art., Battery M, Lieut. Francis L. D. Russell.
* Five companies detached as wagon guard.
348 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
THIRD DIVISION (TWENTY FIRST CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Horatio P. VanCleve.
First Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Samuel Beatty.
79th Indiana, Col. Frederick Knefler. 9th Kentucky, Col. George H. Cram. 17th Kentucky, Col. Alexander M. Stout. 19th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Henry G. Stratton. Indiana Light, 7th Battery, Capt. George R. Swallow.
Second Brigade.
Col. George F. Dick.
44th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Simeon C. Aldrich. 86th Indiana, Maj. Jacob C. Dick. 13th Ohio :
Lieut. Col. Elhannon M. Mast.
Capt. Horatio G. Cosgrove. 59th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Granville A. Frambes Pennsylvania Light, 26th Battery :
Capt. Alanson J. Stevens.
Lieut. Samuel M. McDowell.
Third Brigade.
Col. Sidney M. Barnes.
35th Indiana, Maj. John P. Dufficy. 8th Kentucky :
Lieut. Col. James D. Mayhew.
Maj. John S. Clark. 21st Kentucky,* Col. S. Woodson Price. 51st Ohio:
Col. Richard W. McClain.
Lieut. Col. Charles H. Wood. 99th Ohio, Col. Peter T. Swaine. Wisconsin Light, 3d Battery, Lieut. Cortland Livingston
RESERVE CORPS. Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger.
FIRST DIVISION (RESERVE CORPS).
Brig. Gen. James B. Steedman.
First Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Walter C. Whitaker.
96th Illinois, Col. Thomas E. Champion. 115th Illinois, Col. Jesse H. Moore.
* Stationed at Whitesides, and not engaged.
APPENDIX.
349
84th Indiana, Col. Nelson Trusler. 22d Michigan:*
Col. Heber Le Favour.
Lieut. Col. William Sanborn.
Capt. Alonzo M. Keeier. 40th Ohio, Lieut. Col. William Tones. 89th Ohio:*
Col. Caleb H. Carlton.
Capt. Isaac C. Nelson. Ohio Light Artillery, 18th Battery, Capt. Charles C. Aleshire.
Second Brigade.
Col. John G. Mitchell. 78th Illinois:
Lieut. Col. Carter Van VIeck. Lieut. George Green. 98th Ohio:
Capt. Moses J. Urquhart. Capt. Armstrong J. Thomas. 113th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Darius B. Warner. 121st Ohio, Lieut. Col. Henry B. Bannmg.
1st Illinois Light Artillery, Battery M, Lieut. Thomas Burton.
SECOND DIVISION (RESERVE CORPS).
Brig. Gen. James D. Morgan.!
Second Brigade.
Col. Daniel McCook.
85th Illinois, Col. Caleb ). Dilworth. 86th Illinois, Lieut. Col. David W. Magee. 125th Illinois, Col. Oscar F. Harmon. 52d Ohio, Maj. James T. Holmes. 69th Ohio,* Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Brigham. 2d Illinois Light Artillery, Battery I, Capt. Charles M. Barnett.
CAVALRY CORPS. Brig. Gen. Robf.rt B. Mitchell.
FIRST DIVISION CAVALRY CORPS).
Col. Edward M. McCook.
First Brigade.
Col. Archibald P.Campbell.
2d Michigan, Major Leonidas S. Scranton.
9th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Roswell M. Russell.
1st Tennessee, Lieut. Col. James P. Brownlow.
* Temporarily attached.
t With other part of his division, guarding communications.
35© SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. I. V. I.
Second Brigade.
Col. Daniel M. Ray.
2d Indiana, Maj. Joseph B. Presdee. 4th Indiana, Lieut. Col. John T. Deweese. 2d Tennessee, Lieut. Col. William R. Cook. 1st Wisconsin, Col. Oscar H. La Grange. 1st Ohio Light Artillery, Battery D (section). Lieut. Nathaniel M. Newell.
Third Brigade.
Col. Louis D. Watkins.
4th Kentucky, Col. Wickliffe Cooper.
5th Kentucky, Lieut. Col. William T. Hoblitzell.
6th Kentucky, Maj. Louis A. Gratz.
SECOND DIVISION (CAVALRY CORPS).
Brig. Gen. George Crook.
First Brigade.
Col. Robert H. G. Minty.
8d Indiana (battalion), Lieut. Col. Robert Klein. 4th Michigan, Maj. Horace Gray. 7th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. James J. Seibert. 4th United States, Capt. James B. Mclntyre. Chicago Board of Trade Battery (one section), Capt. James H. Stokes.
Second Brigade.
Col. Eli Long.
2d Kentucky, Col. Thomas P. Nicholas. 1st Ohio:
Lieut. Col. Yalentme Cupp. Maj. Thomas J. Patten. 3d Ohio, Lieut. Col. Charles B. Seidel. 4th Ohio, Lieut, Col. Oliver P. Robie.
Chicago Board of Trade Battery (one section), Capt. James H. Stokes.
APPENDIX. 35^^
ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF TENNESSEE
Gen. Braxton Bragg, C. S. Army, Commanding,
AT THE
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.
ARMY OF TENNESSEE. Gen. Braxton Bragg.
Escort.
Capt. Guy Dreux.
Dreux's Company, Louisiana Cavalry, Lieut. O. De Buis. Holloway's Company, Alabama Cavalry, Capt. E. M. HoUoway.
RIGHT WING. Lieut. Gen. Leonidas Polk. Escort. Greenleaf's Company, Louisiana Cavalry, Capt. Leeds Greenleaf.
POLK'S CORPS, Lieut. Gen. Leonidas Polk.
CHEATHAM'S DIVISION (POLK'S CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Benjamin Franklin Cheatham.
Escort.
Company G, 2d Georgia Cavalry, Capt. Thomas M. Merritt.
Jackson's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. John K. Jackson.
1st Georgia (Confederate), 2d Battalion, Major James
Clarke Gordon. 5th Georgia, Col. Charles P. Daniel. ^^ ■ , ^
2d Georgia Battalion (Sharpshooters), Major Richard
H. Whiteley. 5th Mississippi:
Lieut. Col. W. L. Sykes. Major John B. Herring. 8th Mississippi, Col. John C. Wilkinson. Scrogin's (Georgia) Battery, Capt. John hcrogin.
352 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Maiiey'fi Brigade.
Brig. Gen. George Maney.
1st Tennessee, { ^^^_ ^^^^ -^ y-^^^_ 27th Tennessee, ) 4th Tennessee (Provisional Army): Col. James A. McMurry. Lieut. Col. Robert N. Lewis. Major Oliver A. Bradshaw. Capt. Joseph Bostick. 6th Tennessse, ) ^^^^ ^^ ^ p^^ter.
9th Tennessee, ) *
24th Tennessee, Battalion Sharpshooters, Major Frank
Maney. Smith's (Mississippi) Battery, Lieut. William B. Turner.
Smith's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Preston Smith.
Col. Alfred Jefferson Vaughan, Jr.
11th Tennessee, Col. George W. Gordon. 12th Tennessee, / ^^j^ William M. Watkins. 47th Tennessee, \
13th Tennessee, I Col. Alfred Jefferson Vaughan, jr. 154th Tennessee, \ Lieut. Col. R. W. Pitman. 29th Tennessee, Col. Horace Rice. Dawson's Battalion* Sharpshooters: Major. J. W. Dawson. Major William Green. Major James Purl. Scott's (Tennessee) Battery:
Lieut. John H. Marsh. Lieut. A. T. Watson. Capt. William L. Scott.
Wright's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Marcus J. Wright.
8th Tennessee, Col. John H. Anderson. 16th Tennessee, Col. D. M. Donnell. 28th Tennessee, Col. Sidney S. Stanton. 38th Tennessee and Major Thomas B. Murray's (Tennessee) Battalion, Col. John C. Carter.
51st Tennessee, |. Lieut. Col. John G. Hall.
52d Tennessee, )
Carnes' (Tennessee) Battery, Capt. William W. Carnes.
StrahVs Brigade. Brig. Gen. Otho F". Strahl.
4th Tennessee, { ^^^j Jonathan J. Lamb.
5th 1 ennessee, S •'
19th Tennessee, Col. Francis M. Walker. 24th Tennessee, Col. John A. Wilson.
* Composed of two companies from the Eleventh Tennessee, two from the Iwelfth and Forty-seventh Tennessee (consolidated), and one from the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Senior Tennessee.
APPENDIX.
353
JJlst Tennessee, Col. Egbert E. Tansil. 83d Tennessee, Col. Warner P. Jones. Stanford's (Mississippi) Battery, Capt. Thomas J. Stanford.
HINUMAN'S DIVISION (POLKS COUPS).
Maj. Gen. Thomas Carmichael Hindman. Brig. Gen. Patton Anderson.
Escort. Lenoir's Company Alabama Cavalry, Capt. T. M. Lenoir.
Anderson'ti Briynde.
Brig. Gen. Patton Anderson. Col. J. H. Sharp.
7th Mississippi, Col. W. H. Bishop. 9th Mississippi, Maj. T. H. Lvnam. 10th Mississippi, Lieut. Col. lames Barn 41st Mississippi, Col. W. F. Tucker. 44th Mississippi:
Col. J. H. Sharp. Lieut. Col. R. G. Kelsey. 9th Mississippi Battalion Sharpshooters, Maj. W. C Richards Garrity's (Alabama) Battery, Capt. James Garrity.
Dens' Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Zach. C. Deas.
19th Alabama, Col. Samuel K. McSpadden. 22d Alabama:
Lieut. Col. John Weedon.
Capt. Harry T. Toulmin. 25th Ala^sama, Col. George D. Johnston 39th Alabama, Col. Whitfield Clark. r)Oth Alabama, Col. J. G. Coltart.
17th Alabama Battalion Sharpshooters, Capt. lames F. Nabers Dent's (Alabama) Battery (formerly (Robertson's), Capt S h' Dent.
ManUja uWs Brujade.
Brig. Gen. A. M. Manigault.
24th Alabama, Col. N. N. Davis.
28th Alabama, Col. John C. Reid.
34th Alabama, Maj. John N. Slaughter.
10th South Carolina, / ,- , , ,, ,,
19th South Carolina, S •'^"^'^^ ^ ' ^^''^ssley.
Waters' (Alabama) Battery, Lieut. Charles W. Watkins.
HILL'S CORPS. Lieut. Gen. Daniel H. Hill.
CLEBURNE'S DIVISION {HILL'S COKPS.,
Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne.
Escort.
Sander's Company Tennessee Cavalrv, Capt. C. F. Sanders 23
354 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Wood's Brigade. Brig. Gen. S. A. M. Wood.
16th Alabama:
Maj. John H. McGaughy.
Capt. Frederick A. Ashtord. 33d Alabama, Col. Samuel Adams. 45th Alabama, Col. E. B. Breedlove. 18th Alabama Battalion:
Maj. John H. Gibson.
Col. Samuel Adams (33d Alabama). 32d Mississippi, I (3^1 ^i p_ Lowrey. 45th Mississippi, ) 15th Mississippi Battalion Sharpshooters:
Maj. A. T. Hawkins.
Captain Daniel Coleman. Semple's Alabama Battery:
Captain Henry C. Semple.
Lieut. R. W. Golthwaite.
Polk's Brigade. Brig. Gen. Lucius E. Polk.
1st Arkansas, Col. John W. Colquitt.
3d Confederate, ( ^^^ j ^_ ^^^^^^
5th Confederate, ) ■'
2d Tennessee, Col. Wm. D. Robison. 35th Tennessee, Col. Benj. J. Hill. 48th Tennessee, Col. George H. Nixon. Calvert's (Arkansas) Battery, Lieut. Thomas J. Key.
Beshler's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. James Deshler. Col. Roger Q. Mills.
19th Arkansas, ) ^ieut. Col. A. S. Hutchinson. • 24th Arkansas, ) 6th Texas Infantry, | ^^^ ^ q ^-^^^
0th Texas Infantry. Ljeu^enant Col. T. Scott Anderson. *15th Texas Cavalry, ) *\l'} :^exas Cavalry.! ^^^ ^ ^ ^^r-^^^^^
18th.Iexas Cavalry, I -, • , . ^„, i^u„ -r r^;*
94th Tevac; Tavalrv ^Lieut. Col. John T. Colt.
nr.i -r /-- 1 Ma. VVm. A. laylor.
25th I exas Cavalry. J ^ -'
Douglas' (Texas) Battery, Capt. James P. Douglas.
BREt'KENKIDOES DIVISION (HILL'S CORPS).
Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge.
E'icort. Foules' Company Mississippi Cavalry, Capt. H.-L. Foules.
Helm's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Ben. Hardin Helm. Col. Joseph H. Lewis.
* Dismounted.
APPENDIX. 355
41st Alabama, Col. Martin L. Stansel. 2d Kentucky:
Lieut. Col. James W. Hewitt.
Lieut. Col. James \V. Moss. 4th Kentucky:
Col. Joseph P. Nuckols.
Maj. Thomas \V. Thompson. 6th Kentucky:
Col. Joseph H. Lewis.
Lieut. Col. Martin H. Coffer. 9th Kentucky:
Col. John W. Caldwell.
Lieut. Col. John C. Wickliffe. Cobb's (Kentucky) Battery, Capt. Robert Cobb.
Adams' Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Daniel W. Adams. Col. Randall Lee Gibson.
32d Alabama, Maj. John C. Kimbell.
^'i^\. T ^,..v ( ^ol- Randall Lee Gibson.
Idth Louisiana, \ /- i t -71
iiHtu T ^„,o; M Col. Leon von Zmken.
^Uth Louisiana, / ^ ^ c- iv^r i-> u
' ( Capt E. M. Dubroca.
16th Louisiana, ) ,- , !-> • 1 /-- u
25th Louisiana, \ C°'- ^^"'^1 ^''^^'-
19th Louisiana:
Lieut. Col. Richard W. Turner.
Maj. Loudon Butler.
Capt. H. A. Kennedy. 14th Louisiana Battalion, Maj. J. E. Austin. Slocomb's (Louisiana) Battery, Capt. C. H. Slocomb, Grave's (Kentucky) Battery, Lieut. S. M. Spencer.
StovaWs Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Marcellus A. Stovall.
1st Florida, / ^ , T,T-,r c t\\ ^u 3rd Florida; \ C°'- William S. Dilworth.
4th Florida, Col. W. L. L. Bowen. 47th Georgia:
Capt. William S. Phillips.
Capt. Joseph S. Cone. 60th North Carolina:
Lieut. Col. James M. Ray.
Capt. James Thomas Weaver. Mebane's (Tennessee) Battery, Capt. John W. Mebane.
RfJtiEBVE CORPS. Maj. Gen. W. H. T. Walker.
walkers division (WALKER'S CORPS).
Brig. Gen. States Rights Gist. GisVs Brigade.
Brig. Gen. States Rights Gist. Col. Payton H. Colquitt. Lieut. Col. Leroy Napier.
356 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
46th Georgia :
Col. Peyton H. Colquitt.
Maj. A. M. Speer. 8th Georgia Battalion :
Lieut. Col. Lerov Napier.
Maj. Z. L. Watters. 16th South Carolina,* Col. James McCuUough. 24th South Carolina :
Col. Clement H. Stevens.
Lieut. Col. Ellison Capers.
Wilson's Brigade.
Col. Claudius C. Wilson.
25th Georgia, Lieut. Col. A. J. Williams. 29th Georgia, Lieut. George R. McRae.
>Oth Georgia, Lieut. Col. James S. Boynton.
1st Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters, Maj. Arthur Shaaff.
4th Louisiana Battalion, Lieut. Col. John McKnery.
Ector's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Matthew Duncan Ector.
Stone's Alabama Battalion Sharpshooters, Mai T. O. Stone. Pound's Mississippi Battalion Sharpshooters, Capt. AL Pound. 29th North Carolina, Col. William B. Creasman. 9th Texas, Col. William H. Young. 10th Texas Cavalry,t Lieut. Col. C. R. Earp. 14th Texas Cavalry ,t Col. J. L. Camp. 32d Texas Cavalry.f Col. Julius A. Andrews.
Artillery.
Ferguson's (South Carolina) Battery,* Lieut. R.T. Beauregard. Howell's (Georgia) Battery (formerly Martin's), Capt. Evan P. Howell.
LIDDELL'S DIVISION (WALKER'S CORPS).
Ikig. Gen. St. John R. Liddell.
LiddeWs Brigade.
Col. Daniel C. Govan.
2d Arkansas \ Lieut. Col. R. F. Harvey. 15th Arkansas \ Capt. A. T. Meek. 5th Arkansas / Col. L. Featherston. 18th Arkansas \" Lieut. Col. John E. Murray. 6th Arkansas [ Col. D. A. Gillespie. 7th Arkansas \ Lieut. Col. Peter Snyder. 8th Arkansas :
Lieut. Col. George F. Baucum. Maj. A. Watkins. 1st Louisiana (Regulars) :
Lieut. Col. George F. Baucum. Maj. A. Watkins (8th Arkansas). Warren Light Artillerv( Mississippi Battery), Lieut. H. Shannon.
* Not engaged; at Rome. t Serving as infantry.
APPENDIX. 357
WdlthaU's Bric/adi'. Brig. Gen. Edward Carv Walthall.
24th Mississippi :
Lieut. Col. R. P. McKelvaine.
Maj. W. C. Staples.
Capt. B. F. Toonier.
Capt. J. D. Smith. 27th Mississippi, Col. James A. Campbell. 29th Mississippi, Col. William F. Brantly. 80th Mississippi :
Col. Junius I. Scales.
Maj. James M.Johnson.
Lieut. Col. Hugh A. Reynolds. 34th Mississippi :
Maj. William G. Pegram.
Capt. H. J. Bowen.
Lieut. Col. Hugh A. Reynolds (80th Mississippi) Fowler's (Alabama) Battery, Capt. William H. Fowler.
LEFT WING. Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet.
B UCKNER ■ S C ORP^. Maj. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner.
— Exciirt.
Clark's Company Tennessee Cavalry, Capt. J. W. Clark.
STEvVARTS DIVISION BUCKNER'S CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart.
Bate's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. W^illiam Brimage Bate.
58th Alabama, Col. I^ushrod Jones. 87th Georgia:
Col. A. F. Rudler.
Lieut. Col. Joseph T. Smith. 4th Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters:
Maj. T. D. Caswell.
Capt. B. M. Turner.
Lieut. Joel Towers.
15th Tennessee. \ f "'• ^\^: T/'f[- h, v
37th Tennessee L'^^^-T.^^ti'V 17 ^^^ ' ( Capt. R. I\L Tankesley.
20th Tennessee:
Col. Thomas B. Smith.
Maj. W. M. Shy. Eufaula Ar.illery (Alabama Battery), Capt. McDonald Oliver.
358 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Clayton's Brigade. Brig. Gen. Henry D. Clayton.
18th Alabama:
Col. J. T. Holtzclaw.
Lieut. Col. R. F. Inge.
Maj. P. F. Hunley. 36th Alabama, Col. Lewis T. Woodruff. 38th Alabama, Lieut. Col. A. R. Lankford. 1st Arkansas Battery, Capt. John T. Humphreys.
Brown's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. John C. Brown. Col. Edmund C. Cook.
18th Tennessee:
Col. Joseph B. Palmer.
Lieut. Col. William R. Butler.
Capt. Gideon H. Lowe. 26th Tennessee:
Col. John M. Lillard.
Maj. Richard M. Saffell. 32d Tennessee:
Col. Edmund C. Cook.
Capt. Calaway G. Tucker. 45th Tennessee, Col. Anderson Searcy. 23d Tennessee Battalion:
Maj. Tazewell W. Newman.
Capt. W. P. Simpson. T. H. Dawson's (Georgia) Battery, Lieut. R. W. Anderson.
PRESTONS DIVISION (BUCKNER'S CORPS).
Brig. Gen. William Preston.
Grade's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Archibald Gracie, Jr.
43d Alabama, Col. Young M. Moody. 1st Alabama Battalion:*
Lieut. Col. John H. Holt.
Capt. George W. Huguley. 2d Alabama Battalion:*
Lieut. Col. Boiling Hall, Jr.
Capt. W. D. Walden. 3d Alabama Battalion,* Maj. John W. A. Sanford. 4th Alabama Battalion,! Maj. John D. McLennan. 63d Tennessee:
Lieut. Col. Abraham Fulkerson.
Maj. John A. Aiken.
* Hilliard Legion.
t Artillery Battalion, Hilliard's Legion, serving as infantry.
APPENDIX.
359
Third Brigade.
Col. John H. Kelly.
65th Georgia, Col. R. H. Moore.
5th Kentucky, Col. H. Hawkins. 58th North Carolina, Col. John B. Palmer. 63d Virginia, Maj. James M. French.
Trigys Brigade.
Col. Robert C. Trigg.
1st Florida Cavalry (dismounted). Col. G. Troup Maxwell 6th Florida, Col. J. |. Finiey. 7th Florida, Col. R6bert Bullock. 54th Virginia, Lieut. Col. John J. Wade.
Artillery Battalion.
Maj. A. Leyden.
Jeffress' (Virginia) Battery, Capt. William C. Jeffress. Peeples' (Georgia) Battery, Captain Tyler M. Peeples. Wohhm's (Georgia) Battery, Capt. Andrew M. Wolihin.
RESERVE CORPS ARTILLERY.
Maj. Sa.muel C. Williams.
Baxter's (Tennessee) Battery. Capt. Edmund D. Baxter. Darden's (Mississippi) Battery, Capt. Putnam Darden. Kolb's (Alabama) Battery, Capt. R. F. Koib. McCants' (Florida) Battery, Capt. Robtrt P. McCants.
LONGSTREET'S CORPS* illOOU'S). Maj. Gen. John B. Hood.
McLAWS division (HOOD'S CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Joseph Brevard Kershaw. Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws.
Kershaw'x Brigade.
Brig. Gen, Joseph Brevard Kershaw.
2d South Carolina, Lieut. Col. Franklin Gaillard. 3d South Carolina, Col. James D. Nance. 7th South Carolina:
Lieut. Col. Elbert Bland.
Maj. John S. Hard.
Capt. E. J. Goggans. 8th South Carolina, Col. John W. Henagan. 15th South Carolina, Col. Joseph F. Gist. 3d South Carolina Battalion, Captain Joshua M. Townsend.
*Army of Northern Virginia. Organization taken from return of that army for August 31, 1863. Pickett's Pivision was left in Virginia.
360 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT I. V. I.
Humphreiis' Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Benjamin G. Humphreys.
13th Mississippi, Lieut. Col. Kennon McElroy. 17th Mississippi, Lieut. Col. John C. Fiser. 18th Mississippi, Capt. W. F. Hubbard. 21st Mississippi, Lieut. Col. D. N. Moody.
Wofford^s Brigade*
Brig. Gen. William T. Wofford.
16th Georgia, Col. Henry P. Thomas.
18th Georgia, Col. S. Z. Ruff.
24th Georgia. Col. Robert McMillan.
3d Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters, Col. N. B. Hutchins, Jr.
Cobb's (Georgia) Legion, Lieut. Col. Luther J. Glenn.
Phillips (Georgia) Legion, Lieut. Col. E. S. Barclay.
Bryan's Brigade*
Brig. Gen. Goode Bryan.
10th Georgia, Col. John B. Weems. 50th Georgia, Col. Peter McGlashan. 51st Georgia, Col. Edward Ball. 53d Georgia, Col. James P. Simms.
HOOD'S DIVISION (HOOD'S CORPS).
Maj. Gen. John B. Hood.
Brig. Gen. Evandkr McIver Law.
Jenkins' Brigade.'^
Brig. Gen. Micah Jenkins.
1st South Carolina, Col. Franklin W. Kilpatrick. 2d South Carolina Rifles, Col. Thomas Thomson. 5th South Carolina, Col. A. Coward. 6th South Carolina, Col. John Bratton. Hampton Legion, Col. Martin W. Gary. Palmetto Sharpshooters, Col. Joseph Walker.
Robertson' s Brigade.X
Brig. Gen. Jerome B. Robertson. Col. Van H. Manning.
3rd Arkansas, Col. Van H. Manning. 1st Texas, Capt. R. J. Harding. 4th Texas:
Col. John P. Bane.
Capt. R. H. Bassett.
* Did not reach Chickamauga, but was with Longstreet at Chatta- nooga and Knoxville.
t Did not arrive in time to take part in the battle.
J Served part of the time in Johnson's provisional division.
APPENDIX. ^6 1
5th Texas:
Maj. J. C. Rogers. Capt. J. S. Cleveland. Capt. T. T. Clay.
Taiic'k Britjudc.
Brig. Gen. Evander McIver Law. Col. James L. Shefeield. Col. W. C. Gates.
4th Alabama, Col. Pinckney D. Bowles. 15th Alabama, Col. W. C. Gates. 44th Alabama, Col. William F. Ferry. 47th Alabama, Maj. )ames M. Campbell. 48th Alabama, Lieut." Col. William M. Hardwick.
An der.son\'i Brigade* Brig. Gen. George T. Anderson.
7th Georgia, Col. W. W. White.
8th Georgia, Col. John R. Towers.
9th Georgia. Col. Benjamin Beck. 11th Georgia, Col. F. H. Little. 59th Georgia, Col. Jack Brown.
Ben/iit^g's Brigade. Brig. Gen. Henry L. Benning.
2d Georgia:
Lieut. Col. William S. Shepherd.
Maj. W. W. Charlton. 15th Georgia:
Col. Dudley IVL DuBose.
Maj. P. J. Shannon. 17th Georgia, Lieut. Col. Charles W. Matthews. 20th Georgia, Col. J. D. Waddell.
JOHNSONS DIVISIOX+ (HOODS CORPS)
Brig. Gen. Bishrod R. Johnson.
Gregg's Jirigade.
Brig. Gen. John Gregg. Col. CvRus A. Sugg.
3d Tennessee, Col. Calvin H. Walker. 10th Tennessee, Col. William Grace. 30th Tennessee:
Lieut. Col. James J. Turner. Capt. Charles .S. Douglass. 41st Tennessee, Lieul. Col. James D.Tillma
* Did not arrive in time to take part in the battle.
t A provisional organization, embiacing Johnson's and part of the time Robertson's Brigades, as well as Gregg's and McNair's. Septem- ber 19, attached to Longstreet's Corps, under Major-General Hood.
362 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
50th Tennessee:
Col. Cyrus A. Sugg.
Lieut. Col. Thomas W. Beaumont.
Maj. Christopher W. Robertson.
Col. Calvin H. Walker (3d Tennessee). 1st Tennessee Battalion:
Maj. Stephen H. Colms.
Maj. Christopher W. Robertson (50th Tennessee). 7th Texas:
Col. H. B. Granbury.
Maj. K. M. Vanzandt. Bledsoe'sHMissouri Battery, Lieut. R. L. Wood.
McNair's Brigade.
Brig. Gen. EvANDER McNair. Col. David Coleman.
1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles, Col. Robert W. Harper.
2d Arkansas Mounted Rifles, Col. James A. Williamson. 25th Arkansas, Lieut. Col. Eli Hufstedler.
4th and 81st Arkansas and 4th Arkansas Battalion (consoli- dated), Maj. J, A. Ross. 39th North Carolina, Col. David Coleman. Culpeper's (South Carolina) Battery, Capt. James F. Culpeper.
Johnson' a Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson. Col. John S. Fulton.
17th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. Watt W. Floyd. 23d Tennessee, Col. R. H. Keeble. 25th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. R. B. Snowden. 44th Tennessee:
Lieut. Col. John S. McEwen, Jr. Maj. G. M. Crawford. Company E, 9th Georgia Artillery Battalion (Billington W. York's Battery), Lieut. William S. Everett.
CORPS ARTILLERY* (LONGSTREET'S).
Col. E. Porter Alexander.
Fickling's (South Carolina) Battery. Jordan's (Virginia) Battery. Moody's (Louisiana) Battery. Parker's (Virginia) Battery. Taylor's (Virgmia) Battery. Woolfolk's (Virginia) Battery.
RESERVE ARTILLERY.
Maj. Felix H. Robertson.
Barret's (Missouri) Battery, Capt. Overton W. Barret. Havis' .(Georgia) Battery, Capt. M. W. Havis. Lumsden's (Alabama) Battery, Capt. Charles L. Lumsden. Massenburg's (Georgia) Battery, Capt. T. L. Massenburg.
* Did not arrive in time for the battle.
APPENDIX. 36^
FORREST'S CORPS ( CA VA LR Y).
Brig. Gen. Nathan Bkdford Forrest.
Kscort.
Jackson's Company Tennessee Cavalry, Capt. J. C. Jackson.
AHMSTUONGS DIVISION.
Brig. Gen. Frank C. Armstrong.
Annxtroiu/'fi Brigade.
Col. James T. Wheeler.
3d Arkansas, Col. A. W. Hobson.
2d Kentucky, Lieut. Col. Thomas G. Woodward.
6th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. James H. Lewis.
18th Tennessee Battalion, Maj. Charles McDonald.
Forrest' X Br if/a dc. Col. George G. Dibrell.
4th Tennessee, Col. William S. McLemore.
8th Tennessee, Capt. Hamilton McGinnis.
9th Tennessee, Col. Jacob B. Biffle. 10th Tennessee, Col. Nicholas Nickleby Cox. 11th Tennessee, Col. Daniel Wilson Holman. Shaw's Battalion, O. P. Hamilton's Battalion and R. D. Allison's
Squadron (consolidated), Maj. Joseph Shaw. Huggins' (Tennessee) Battery (formerly Freeman's), Capt. A.
L. Huggins. Morton's (Tennessee) Battery, Capt. John W. Morton, Jr.
pegram's division.-^
Brig. Gen. John Pegram.
Darid-'ion's Brif/dde. Brig. Gen. H. B. Davidson.
1st Georgia, Col. J. J. Morrison.
6th Georgiii, Col. John R. Hart.
6th North Carolina, Col. George N. Folk.
Rucker's 1st Tennessee Legion, Col. E. \V. Rucker (12th Ten- nessee Battalion, Maj. G. W. Day, and 16th Tennessee Battalion, Capt. John Q. Arnold).
Huwald's Tennessee Battery, Capt. Gustave A. Huwald.
Scutfn Briyadr.
Col. John S. Scott.
10th Confederate, Col. C. T. Goode.
Detachment of John H. Morgan's command, Lieut. Col. R. ^L Martin.
*Takenfrom Pegram's and Scott's reports and assignments.
364 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
1st Louisiana, Lieut. Col. James O. Nixon. 2d Tennessee, Col. H. M. Ashby. 5th Tennessee, Col. George W. McKenzie. N. T. N. Robinson's (Louisiana) Battery (one section), Lieut. Winslow Robinson.
WHEELERS COB PS (CAVALRY). Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler.
AVHARTOMS DIVISION.
Brig. Gen. John A. Wharton.
First Brigade.
Col. C. C. Crews.
Malone's (Alabama) Regiment, Col. J. C. Malone, Jr. 2d Georgia, Lieut. Col. K. M. Ison. 8d Georgia, Col. R. Thompson. 4th Georgia, Col. Isaac W. Avery.
Second Brigade. Col. Thomas Harrison.
3d Confederate, Col. W. N. Estes.
1st Kentucky, Lieut. Col. J. W. Griffith.
4th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. Paul F. Anderson.
8th Texas, Lieut. Col. Gustave Cook. 11th Texas, Col. G. R. Reeves. White's (Tennessee) Battery, Capt. B. F. White, Jr.
MARTIN'S division.
Brig. Gen. William T. Martin.
First Brigade.
Col. John T. Morgan.
1st Alabama, Lieut. Col. D. T. Blakey. 3d Alabama, Lieut. Col. T. H. Mauldin. 51st Alabama, Lieut. Col. M. L. Kirkpatrick. 8th Confederate, Lieut. Col. John S. Prather.
Second Brigade. Col. A. A. Russell. 4th'Alabama (Russell's Regiment), Lieut. Col. J. M. Ham- brick. 1st Confederate, Capt. C. H. Conner. J. H. Wiggins' (Arkansas) Battery, Lieut. J. P. Bryant.
APPENDIX.
365
rxiox AM) (o\i-i:i)i<R.\ri-: orcaxizatioxs
C H I C K .^ M ^ U Cx A
Sept. 19 and 20, 1863.
KOSECRANS |
BRAGG |
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States |
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Indiana Illinois Kansas Kentucky. ... Michigan .... Minnesota — Ohio Pennsylv'nia Tennessee |
26 28 1 13 4 1 42 3 "4 5 2 |
3 2 '3' 2 2 1 1 |
8 5 "2 1 10 1 "4" 3 1 |
37 33 1 17 8 2 55 6 2 9 9 3 |
Alabama .... Arkansas. . . . Confd.Reg'rs Florida Georgia Kentucky . . . Louisiana. . . Mississippi... Missouri |
23 12 1 5 12 5 4 17 |
5 1 4 '"s' 2 1 |
8 3 1 7 2 3 4 2 .... 8 1 1 |
36 16 5 6 24 9 8 21 9 |
U. S. Regul's Wisconsin.. .. Missouri |
N. Carolina.. S. Carolina.. Tennessee.. . Texas Virginia Total |
4 7 36 10 2 |
1 '12' 2 |
5 8 56 13 |
|||||
3 |
|||||||||
Total |
129 |
18 |
35 |
182 |
138 |
33 |
41 |
212 |
366 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
ORGANIZATION OF THE FORCES
Under Command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, engaged in the
BATTLES ABOUT CHATTANOOGA
November 23, 24 and 25, 1868.
Roster compiled by Hon. J. W. Kirkle.v, Board of Publleatiou of War Records.
ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND.
Maj. Gen. Geo. H. Thomas. Gen era I Ilea dq uarters.
1st Ohio Sharpshooters, Capt. Gershom M. Barber. 10th Ohio Infantry, Lieut. Col. WilHam M. Ward.
FOURTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger.
FIRST DIVISION (FOURTH CORPS).*
Brig Gen. Charles Cruet.
E.vort. 92d lUinois, Company E, Capt. Mathew Van Buskirk.
Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. Walter C. Whitaker.
96th IlUnois:
Col. Thomas E. Champion.
Maj. George Hicks. 35th Indiana, Col. Bernard F. Mullen. 8th Kentucky, Col. Sidney M. Barnes. 40th Ohio, Col. Jacob E. Taylor. 51st Ohio, Lieut. Col. Charles H. Wood. 99th Ohio, Lieut. Col. John E. Cummins.
*The First Brigade and Battery M, 4th U. S. Artillery, Col. D. A. Enyart.commanding, at Bridgeport, Ala.; the One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois and the Eighty-fourth Indiana, of the Second Brigade, and Fifth Indiana Battery, at Shellmound, Tenn., and the Thirtieth Indiana and Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, of the Third Brigade, and Battery H, Fourth LI. S. Artillery, at Whitesides, Tenn.
APPENDIX. 367
Third llrtgndf. Col. W.M. (}kosic. '
59th Il.inois, Maj. Clayton Hale. 75th Illinois, Col. John E. Bennett. 84th Illinois, Col. Louis H. Waters. 9th Indiana, Col. Isaac C. H. Suman. 86th Indiana, Maj. Gilbert Trusler. '24th Ohio, Capt. George M. Bacon.
SECOND DIVISION (FOURTH CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan.
Ft'rxt Brujade. Col. Francis T. Sherman.
36th Illinois:
Col. Silas Miller.*
Lieut. Col. Porter C. Olson. 44th Illinois, Col. Wallace W. Barrett. 78d Illinois, Col. James F. Jacquess. 74th Illinois, Col. Jason Marsh. 88th Illinois, Lieut. Col. George W. Chandler. '22d Indiana, Col. Michael Gooding. 2d Missouri:
Col. Bernard Laiboldt.*
Lieut. Col. Arnold Beck. 15th Missouri:
Col. Joseph Conrad.
Capt. Samuel Rexinger. 24th Wisconsin, Major Carl von Baumbach.
Second Brigadi'.
Brig. Gen. George D. Wagner.
100th Illinois, Maj. Charles M. Hammond. 15th Indiana:
Col. Gustavus A. Wood.-
Maj. Frank White.
Capt. Benjamin F. Hegler. 40th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Elias Neff. 51st Indiana.t Lieut. Col. John M. Comparet. 57th Indiana, Lieut. Col. George W. Lennard. 58th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Joseph Moore. 2Hth Ohio, Lieut. Col. William H. Young. 97th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Milton Barnes.
Third Bri(/nde.
Col. Charles G. Harker.
22d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Francis Swanwick. 27th Illinois, Col. Jonathan R. Miles.
* Temporarily in command of a demi-brigade.
t Between Nashville and Chattanooga en route to join brigade.
368 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
42d Illinois:
Col. Nathan H. Walworth*
Capt. Edgar U. Swain. 51st Illinois:
Major Charles W. Davis.
Capt. Albert M. Tilton. 79th Illinois, Col. Allen Buckner. 3d Kentucky, Col. Henry C. Dunlap. 64th Ohio, Coi. Alexander Mcllvain. 65th Ohio, Lieut. Col. William A. Bullitt. 125th Ohio:
Col. Emerson Opdycke.*
Capt. Edward P. Bates.
ArtUlerii.
Capt. Warren P. Edgakton.
1st Illinois Light, Battery M, Capt. George W. Spencer. 10th Indiana Battery, Capt. William A. Naylor. 1st Missouri Light, Battery G, Lieut. Gustavus Schueler. 1st Ohio Light, Battery l,t Capt. Hubert Dilger. 4th United States, Battery G,t Lieut. Christopher F. Merkle. 5th United States, Battery H,t Capt. Francis L. Guenther.
THIRD DIVISION (FOURTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Wood.
Firxt Brigade.
Brig. Gen. August Willich.
25th Illinois, Col. Richard H. Nodine. .35th Illinois, Lieut. Col. William P. Chandler. 89th Illinois, Lieut. Col. William D. Williams. 32d Indiana, Lieut. Col. Frank Erdelmeyer. 68th Indiana:
Lieut. Col. Haryey J. Espy.
Capt. Richard L. Leeson. 8th Kansas, Col. [ohn A. Martin. 15th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Frank Askew. 49th Ohio, Major Samuel F. Gray. 15th Wisconsin, Capt. John A. Gordon.
Second Brigade.
Brig. Gen. William B. Hazen.
6th Indiana, Major Calvin D. Campbell. 5th Kentucky:
Col. William W. Berry. Lieut. Col. John L. Treanor. 6th Kentucky, Maj. Richard T. Whitaker. 23d Kentucky, Lieut. Col. James C. Foy. 1st Ohio:
• Lieut. Col. Bassett Langdon. Maj. Joab A. Stafford.
* Temporarily in command of a demi-brigade t Temporarily attached.
APPENDIX. 36Q
6th Ohio. Lieut. Col. Alexander C. Christopher 41st Ohio:
Col. Acjuiia Wiley. Lieut. Col. Robert L. Kimberly. 93d Ohio:
Maj. William Birch. Capt. Daniel Bowman. Capt. Samuel B. Smith. r24th Oliio, Lieut. Col. James Pickands.
Third Brifjadt.
Brig. Gen. Sa.muel Beatty.
79th Indiana, Col. Frederick Knefler. Wnh Indiana, Col. George F. Dick. 9th Kentucky, Col. George H. Cram. 17th Kentucky, Col. Alexander M. Stout. 18th Ohio, Col. Dwight Jarvis, Jr. 19th Ohio, Col. Charles F. Manderson. /)9th Ohio, Maj. Robert J. VanosdoU.
Artillery.
Capt. CuLLEN Bradley.
Illinois Light, Bridges' Battery, Capt. Lyman Bridges tjth Ohio Battery, Lieut. Oliver H. P. Ayres •JUth Ohio Battery,* Capt. Edward Grosskopff Pennsylvania Light, Battery B, Lieut. Samuel M. McDowell
FHWRTEENTII ARMY CORPS.
-Maj. Gen. John M. Pal.mer.
Escort. 1st Ohio Cavalry, Company L, Capt. John D. Barkt
FIRST DIVISION (FUl'RTEK.Vni roKFS).
Brig. Gen. Richard \\^ Johnson.
First Brigade. Brig. Gen. William P. Carlin. 104th Illinois. Lieut. Col. Douglas Hapeman 38th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Daniel F. Griffin. 42d Indiana, Lieut. Col. William T. B. .Mclntire 88th Indiana, Col. Cyrus E. Briant. 2d Ohio, Col, Anson G. McCook. 33d Ohio, Capt. James H. M. Montgomery. 94th Ohio, Maj. Rue P. Hutchins. 10th Wisconsin, Capt. Jacob W. Roby.
Temporarily attached from Artillery Reserve. a4
370 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Second Brigade.
Col. Marshall F. Moore. Col. William L. Stoughton.
19th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Alexander W. Raffen.
11th Michigan, Capt. Patrick H. Keegan.
69th Ohio, Maj. James J, Hanna.
15th United States, 1st Battalion, Capt. Henry Keteltas.
15th United States, 2d Battalion, Capt. William S. McManus.
16th United States, 1st Battalion, Maj. Robert E. A. Crofton.
18th United States, 1st Battalion, Capt. George W. Smith.
18th United States, 2d Battalion, Capt. Henry Haymond.
19th United States, 1st Battalion, Capt. Henry S. Welton.
Third Brigade*
Brig. Gen. John C. Starkweather.
24th Illinois, Col. Geza Mihalotzy.
37th Indiana, Col. James S. Hull.
21st Ohio, Capt. Charles H. Vantine.
74th Ohio, Maj. Joseph Fisher.
78th Pennsylvania, Maj. Augustus B. Bonnaffon.
79th Pennsylvania, Maj. Michael H. Locher.
1st Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. George B. Bingham. 21st Wisconsin, Capt. Charles H. Walker.
Artillery.
1st Illinois Light, Battery C, Capt. Mark H. Prescott. 1st Michigan Light, Battery A, Capt. Francis E. Hale. 5th United States, Battery H,t Capt. Francis L. Guenther.
SECOND division (FOURTEENTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis.
First Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Ja.mes D. Morgan.
10th Illinois, Col. John Tillson.
16th Illinois, Lieut. Col. James B. Cahill.
60th Illinois, Col. William B. Anderson.
21st Kentucky, Col. Samuel W. Price.
10th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Christopher J. Dic^erson.
14th Michigan, J Col. Henry R. Mizner.
Second Brigade.
Brig. Gen. John Beatty.
34th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Oscar Van Tassell. 78th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Carter Van Vleck.
* During the engagement of the ?3d, 24th and 25th, was in line of battle holding fort and breastworks at Chattanooga.
t Temporarily attached to Second Division, hourth Army Corps. X Detached at Columbia, Tenn.
APPENDIX. 371
8d Ohio,* Capt. Leroy S. Bell. 98th Ohio, Maj. Jani-s M. Shane. 108th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Carlo Piepho. 113th Ohio, Maj. Lyne S. Sullivant. 121st Ohio, Maj. John Yager.
Third Brigade. Col. Daniel McCook.
85th Illinois, Col. Caleb J. Dilworth.
86th Illinois, Lieut. Col. David W. Magee. 110th Illinois, Lieut. Col. E. Hibbard Topping. 125th Illinois, Col. Oscar F. Harmon.
52d Ohio, ^Iaj. James T. Holmes.
Artillery.
Capt. William A. Hotchkiss.
2d Illinois Light, Battery I, Lieut. Henry B. Plant. Minnesota Light, 2d Battery, Lieut. Richard L. Dawley. Wisconsin Light, 5th Battery, Capt. George (2- Gardner.
THIRD DIVISION (FOURTEENTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Absalom Baird.
Firnt Brigade.
Brig. Gen. John B. Turchin.
82d Indiana, Col. Morton C. Hunter. 11th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Ogden Street. 17th Ohio:
Maj. Benjamin F. Butterfield.
Capt. Benj. H. Showers. 81st Ohio, Lieut. Col. Frederick W. Lister. 86th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Hiram V . Devol. 89th Ohio, Capt. John H. Jolly. 92d Ohio:
Lieut. Col. Douglas Putnam, Jr.
Capt. Edward Grosvenor.
Second Brigade.
Col. Ferdinand V^an Derveer.
75th Indiana, Col. Milton S. Robinson. 87th Indiana, Col. Newell Gleason. 101st Indiana, Lieut. Col. Thomas Doan. 2d Minnesota, Lieut. Col. Judson W. Bishop. 9th Ohio, Col. Gustave Kammerling. 85th Ohio:
Lieut. Col. Henry V. Boynton. Maj. Joseph L. Budd. 105th Ohio, Lieut. Col. William R. Tolles.
Detached at Kelly's Ferry, Tennessee River.
372 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Third Brigade.
Col. Edward H. Phelps. Col. William H. Hays.
10th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Marsh B. Taylor. 74th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Myron Baker. 4th Kentucky, Maj. Robt. M. Kelly. lOth Kentucky:
Col. William H. Hays. Lieut. Col. Gabriel C. Wharton. 18th Kentucky,* Lieut. Col. Hubbard K. Milward. 14th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Henry D. Kingsbury. 88th Ohio, Maj. Charles Greenwood.
Artillery.
Capt. George R. Swallow.
Indiana Light, 7th Battery, Lieut. Otho H. Morgan. Indiana Light, 19th Battery, Lieut. Robert G. Lackey. 4th United States, Battery I, Lieut. Frank G. Smith.
CAVALRY.t
Second Brigade (Second Dinsion).
Col. Eli Long.
98th Illinois (mounted infantry), Lieut. Col. Edward Kitchell 17th Indiana (mounted infantry), Lieut. Col. Henry Jordan.
2d Kentucky, Col. Thomas P. Nicholas.
4th Michigan, Maj. Horace Gray.
1st Ohio, Maj. Thomas J. Patten.
Hd Ohio, Lieut. Col. Charles B. Seidel.
4th Ohio (battalion), Maj. George W. Dobb. 10th Ohio, Col. Charles C. Smith.
ENGINEER TROOPS.
Brig. Gen. William F. Smith.
Engineers.
1st Michigan Engineers (detachment), Capt. Perrin \'. Fox. 18th Michigan Infantry, Maj. Willard G. Eaton. 21st Michigan Infantry, Capt. Lcomis K. Bishop. 22d Michigan Infantry, Maj. Henry S. Dean. 18th Ohio infantry, Col. Timothy R. Stanley.
* Detached at Brown's Ferry, Tenn.
t Corps headquarters and the First and Second Brigades and 18th Indiana Battery, of the First Division, at and about Alexandria, Tenn.; the Third Brigade at Caperton's Ferry, Tennessee River. The First and Third Brigades, and the Chicago Board of Trade Battery, of the Second Division, at Maysville, Ala.
APPENDIX. -yy.
I'lONEKK HUIGADE.
Col. George P. Buell. 1st Battalion, Capt. Charles J. Stewart 2d Battalion, Capt. Correil Smith, yd Battalion, Capt. William Clark.
ARTILLERY RESERVE.
Brig. Gen. John M. Brannan.
FIRST DIVLSION.
Col. Ja.mes Barnett. Firxt Brigade. Maj. Charles S. Cotter. 1st Ohio Light, Battery B, Lieut. Norman A. Baldwm 1st Ohio Light, Battery C, Capt. Marco B. Gary 1st Ohio Light, Battery E, Lieut. Albert G. Ransom. 1st Ohio Light, Battery F, Lieut. Giles J. Cockerill.
Second Brigade.
1st Ohio Light, Battery G, Capt. Alexander Marshall. 1st Ohio Light, Battery M, Capt. Frederick Schultz. Ohio Light, 18th Battery, Lieut. Joseph McCafferty Ohio Light, 20th Battery.* Capt. Edward Grosskopff.
SECOND DIVISION. First Brigade. Capt. JosiAH W. Church. 1st Michigan Light, Battery D, Capt. Josiah W. Church 1st Tennessee Light, Battery A, Lieut. Albert F. Beach Wisconsin Light. 3d Battery. Lieut. Hiram F. Hubbard' Wisconsin Light, 8th Battery, Lieut. Obadiah German Wisconsin Light, 10th Battery, Capt. Yates V. Beebe. '
Second Brigade. Capt. Arnold Sutermeister. Indiana Light, 4th Battery, Lieut. Henry J. Willits Indiana Light. 8th Battery, Lieut. George Estep Indiana Light, 11th Battery, Capt. Arnold Sutermeister. Indiana Light, 21st Battery, Lieut. W^illiam E. Chess. 1st Wisconsin Heavy, Company C, Capt. John R. Davies.
post of CHATTANOOGA.
Col. John G. Parkhurst. 44th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Simeon C. Aldrich. 15th Kentucky, Maj. William G. Halpin. 9th Michigan, Lieut. Col. William Wilkinson.
* Temporarily attached to Third Division, Fourth Army Corps.
374 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
DETACHMENT FROM ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.
ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH ARMY CORPS.
Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker.*
Provost- Ouard.
10th Maine, 1st Battalion, Capt. John D. Beardsley.
Escort.
15th Illinois Cavalry, Company K, Capt. Samuel B. Sherer.
ELEVENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard.
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. Independent Company, 8th New York Infantry, Capt. Anton Bruhn.
SECOND DIVISION (ELEVENTH CORPS),
Brig. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr.
First Brigade.
Col. Adolphus Bushbeck.
33d New Jersey, Col. Geo. W. Mindil. 134th New York, Lieut. Col. Allen H. Jackson. 154th New York, Col. Patrick H. Jones. 27th Pennsylvania:
Maj. Peter A. McAloon. Capt. August Riedt. 73d Pennsylvania:
Lieut. Col. Joseph B. Taft. Capt. Daniel F. Kelley. Lieut, Samuel D. Miller.
Second Brigade.
Col. Orland Smith.
33d Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Godfrey Rider, Jr. 136th New York, Col. James Wood, Jr. 55th Ohio, Col. Charles B. Gambee. 73d Ohio, Maj. Samuel H. Hurst.
* Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, commanding Eleventh and Twelfth Army Corps, had under his immediate command for the battle of Chattanooga:
1st Division (Osterhaus'), 15th Corps.
1st Division (Cruft's), 4th Corps.
2d Division (Geary's), 12th Corps.
1st Brigade (Carlin), 1st Division (Johnson), Hth'Corps.
APPENDIX.
375
THIRD DIVISION (ELEVKNTII CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Carl Schurz.
First Briyade. Brig. Gen. Hector Tvndale. 101st Illinois, Col. Charles H. Fox. 45th New York, Maj. Charles Koch. 14;3d New York, Col. Horace Boughton. 61st Ohio, Col. Stephen J. McGroarty, 82d Ohio, Lieut. Col. David Thompson.
Sicond Brigade. Col. Wladimir Krzyzanowski.
58th New York, Capt. Michael Esembaux. 119th New York, Col. John T. Lockman. 141st New York, Col. William K. Logie.
26th Wisconsin, Capt. Frederick C. Winkler.
Third Brigade. . Col. Frederick Hecker. 80th Illinois, Capt. James Neville. 82d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Edward S. Salomon. 68th New York, Lieut. Col. Albert von Steinhausen. 75th Pennsylvania, Maj. August Ledig.
Artillerii. _ Maj. Thomas W. Osborn. 1st New York Light, Battery I, Capt. Michael Weidrich New York Light, 13th Battery, Capt. William Wheeler. 1st Ohio Light, Battery I,* Capt. Hubert Dilger. 1st Ohio Light, Battery K, Lieut. Nicholas Sahm. 4th United States, Battery G,* Lieut. Christopher F. Merkle.
TWELFTH ARMY CORPS.\ Maj. Gen. Henry VV. Slocum.
FIRST DIVISION (TWELFTH CORPS.)
Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams.
First Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Joseph F. Knipe.
^5th Connecticut, Col. Warren W. Packer. 20th Connecticut, Col. Samuel Ross.
* temporarily attached to Second Division, Fourth Army Corps.
T 1 he First Division engaged in guarding the Nashville and Chat- m"""^"* li ?^^ ^'"""^ Wartrace Bridge. Tenn., to Bridgeport, Ala., etc. Maj Uen. H W. Slocum, the corps commander, had his headquarters at 1 ullahoma, Tenn.
376 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
3d Maryland, Col. Joseph M. Sudsburg, 128d New York, Lieut. Col. James C. Rogers. 145th New York, Capt. Samuel T. Allen. 46th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William L. Foulk.
Third Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger.
27th Indiana, Col. Silas Colgrove. 2d Massachusetts, Col. William Cogswell. 13th New Jersey, Col. Ezra A. Carman. 107th New York, Col. Nirom M. Crane. 150th New York, Col. John H. Ketcham. 3d Wisconsin, Col. William Hawley.
SECOND DIVISION (TWELFTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. John W. Geary.
First Brigade.
Col. Charles Candy.
Col. William R. Creighton.
Col. Thomas J. Ahl.
5th Ohio, Col. John H. Patrick. 7th Ohio:
Col. William R. Creighton. Lieut. Col. Orrin J. Crane. Capt. Ernst J. Krieger. 29th Ohio, Col. Wm. T. Fitch. 66th Ohio:
Lieut. Col. Eugene Powell. Capt. Thomas McConnell. 28th Pennsylvania:
Col. Thomas J. Ahl. Capt. John Flynn. 147th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Ario Pardee, |r.
Second Brigade.
Col. George A. Cobham, Jr.
29th Pennsylvania, Col. William Rickards, Jr. 109th Pennsylvania, Capt. Frederick L. Gimber. 111th Pennsylvania, Col. Thomas M. Walker.
Tldrd Brigade.
Col. David Ireland.
60th New York, Col. Abel Godard.
78th New York, Lieut. Col. Herbert von Hammerstein
102d New York, Col. James C. Lane.
137th New York, Capt. Milo B. Eldredge.
149th New York:
Col. Henry A. Barnum.
Lieu^ Col. Charles B. Randall.
APPENDIX. 377
Artillery. Major JOHN A. Reynolds.
Pennsylvania Light, Battery E. Lieut. James D.
McGill. Fifth United States, Battery K, Capt. Edmund C.
Bainbridge.
ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.
Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman.*
FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS.t Maj. Gen. Frank P. Blair, Jr.
FIRST DIVISION (FIFTEENTH CORPS .
Brig. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus.
Firxt Brigade. Brig. Gen. Charles R. Woods.
13th Illinois:
Lieut. Col. Frederick W. Partridge.
Capt. George P. Brown. 3d Missouri, Lieut. Col. Theodore Meumann. 12th Missouri:
Xol. Hugo Wangelin.
Lieut. Col. Jacob Kaercher. 17th Missouri, Col. John F. Cramer. 27th Missouri, Col. Thomas Curley. 29th Missouri:
Col. James Peckhani.
Major Philip H. Murphy. 31st Missouri, Lieut. Col. Samuel P.Simpson. 32d Missouri, Lieut. Col. Henry C. Warmoth. 76th Ohio, Major Williard Warner.
Second Brigade. Col. James A. Williamson.
4th Iowa, Lieut. Col. George Burton.
9th Iowa, Col. David Carskaddon. 25th Iowa, Col. George A. Stone. 26th Iowa, Col. Milo Smith. 30th Iowa, Lieut. Col. Aurelius Roberts. 3l3t Iowa, Lieut. Col. Jeremiah W. Jenkins.
* General Sherman had under his immediate command at the battle of Chattanooga the Eleventh Corps and the Second Division, Fourteenth Corps, of the Army of the Cumberland; the Second and Fourth Divis- ions, Fifteenth Corps, and the Second Division, Seventeenth Corps Armv of the Tennessee.
f Third Division, Brig. Gen. James M. Tuttle commanding, at Mem- phis, LaGrange, and Pocahontas, Tenn., not with corps.
378 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V, I.
Artillery.
Capt. Henry H. Griffiths.
Iowa Light, 1st Battery, Lieut. James M. Williams. 2d Missouri Light, Battery F, Capt. Clemens
Landgraeber. Ohio Light, 4th Battery, Capt. George Froehlich.
SECOND DIVISION (FIFTEENTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Morgan L. Smith.
Fii'Kt Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Giles A. S.mith. Col. Nathan W. Tupper.
55th Illinois, Col. Oscar Malmborg. 116th Illinois:
Col. Nathan W. Tupper. Lieut. Col. James P. Boyd. 127th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Frank S. Curtiss. 6th Missouri, Lieut. Col. Ira Boutell. 8th Missouri, Lieut. Col. David C. Coleman. 57th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Samuel R. Mott. 13th United States, 1st Battalion, Capt. Charles C. Smith.
Second Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Joseph A. J. Lightburn.
83d Indiana, Col. Benjamin J. Spooner. 30th Ohio, Col. Theodore Jones. 37th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Louis von Blessingh. 47th Ohio, Col. Augustus C. Parry. 54th Ohio, Maj. Robert Williams, Jr. 4th West Virginia, Col. James H. Dayton.
Artillery.
1st Illinois Light, Battery A, Capt. Peter P. Wood. 1st Illinois Light, Battery B, Capt. Israel P. Rumsey. 1st Illinois Light, Battery H, Lieut. Francis De Gress.
FOURTH division (FIFTEENTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Hugh Ewing.
First Brigade.
Col. John M. Loomis.
26th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Robert A. Gillmore. 90th Illinois :
Col. Timothy O'Meara.
Lieut. Col. Owen Stewart. 12th Indiana, Col. Reuben Williams. 100th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Albert Heath.
APPENDIX. 379
Secomf Brigade.
Brig. Gen. John M. Corse. Col. Charles C. Walcutt.
40th Illinois, Maj. Hiram W. Hall. 103d Illinois, Col. Willard A. Dickerman. tith Iowa, Lieut Col. Alexander J. Miller. 15th Michigan,* Lieut. Col. Austin E. Jaquith. 46th Ohio :
Col. Charles C. Walcutt. Capt. Isaac N. Alexander.
Third Brigade.
Col. Joseph R. Cockerill.
48th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Lucien Greathouse. 97th Indiana, Col. Robert F. Catterson. 99th Indiana, Col. Alexander Fowler. 53d Ohio, Col. Wells S. Jones. 70th Ohio, Maj. William B. Brown.
Artillery.
Capt. Henry Richardson.
1st Illinois Light, Battery F, Capt. John T. Cheney.
1st Illinois Light, Battery I, Lieut. Josiah H. Burton.
1st Missouri Light, Battery D, Lieut. Byron M. Callender.
fiEVENTEENTH ARMY CORPS.
(This was the only Division of this Corps at Chattanooga.) SECOND DIVISION (SEVENTEENTH CORPS).
Brig. Gen. John E. Smith.
First Brigade.
Col. Jesse I. Alexander.
63d Illinois, Col. Joseph B. McCown.
48th Indiana, Lieut. Col. Edward J. Wood.
59th Indiana, Capt. Wilford H. Welman.
4th Minnesota, Lieut. Col. John E. Tourtellotte.
18th Winconsin, Col. Gabriel Bouck.
* Detached at Scottsborough, Ala.
380 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Second Brigade.
Col. Green B. Raum. Col. Francis C. Deimling. Col. Clark R. Weaver.
56th Illinois, Maj. Pinckney J. Welsh. 17th Iowa :
Col. Clark R. Wever.
Maj. John F. Walden. 10th Missouri :
Col. Francis C. Deimling.
Lieut. Col. Christian Happel.
Col. Francis C. Deimling. 24th Missouri, Company E, Capt. W^illiam W. McCammon. 80th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Pren Metham.
Third Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Charles L. Matthies. Col. Benjamin D. Dean. Col. Jabez Banbury.
93d Illinois:
Col. Holden Putnam.
Lieut. Col. Nicholas C. Buswell. 5th Iowa :
Col. Jabez Banbury.
Lieut. Col. Ezekiel S. Sampson. 10th Iowa, Lieut. Col. Paris P. Henderson. 26th Missouri, Col. Benjamin D. Dean.
Artillery.
Capt. Henry Dillon.
Cogswell's (Illinois) Battery, Capt. William Cogswell. Wisconsin Light, 6th Battery, Lieut. Samuel F. Clark. Wisconsin Light, 12th Battery, Capt. William Zickerick.
APPENDIX. 381
ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF TENNESSEE
General Hkaxtox Bragg, C. S. Army, Commandixc;, November 20, 1868.
GENERA J. HE A 1) QUA II TEllS.
1st Louisiana (Regulars) [Col. James Strawbridge]. 1st Louisiana Cavalry [Maj. J. .\L Taylor].
DETACHMENT FROM THE ARMY OF NORTH- ERN VIRGINIA.
I.OJSfGSTREET S ARMY CORPS* Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet.
Mc'LAVVS' DIVISION (LON(iSTREETS ('OKI'S).
Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws.
Kerxh a/c' .s Brig a dc.
2d South Carolina, Col. John D. Kennedy. 3d South Carolina, Col. James D. Nance. 7th South Carolina, Col. D. Wyatt Aiken. 8th South Carolina, Col. John W. Henagan. I'Hh South Carolina, Col. Joseph F. Gist. M South Carolma Battalion, Lieut. Col. William (i. Rice.
llumphrei/!i' Bvignde.
13th Mississippi, Col. Kennon .McElroy. 17th Mississippi, Col. William U. Holder. 18th Mississippi, Col. Thomas NL Griffin. 21st Mississipiii, Col. William L. Brandon.
WoffonVx IJriyaiie.
16th Georgia, Col. Henry P. Thomas. 18th Georgia, Col. S. Z. Ruff. 24th Georgia, Col. Robert McMillan. Cobb's Legion, Lieut. Col. Luther J. Glenn. Phillif)s' Legion, Lieut. Col. E. S. Barclay. 3d Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters, Lieut. Col. N. L. Hutchins, Jr.
* Detached November 4 for operations in east Tennessee.
382 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Bryan s Brigade.
10th Georgia, Col. John B. Weems. 50th Georgia, Col. Peter McGlashan. 51st Georgia, Col. Eward Ball. 53d Georgia, Col. James P. Simms.
Artillery Battalion.
Maj. Austin Leyden.
Georgia Battery, Captain Tyler M. Peeples. Georgia Battery, Capt. Andrew M. Wolihin. Georgia Battery, Capt. Billington W. York.
HOOD'S DIVISION (LONGSTKEET-8 CORPS).
Maj. Gen. John B. Hood.
Jenkins' Brigade^
1st South Carolina, Col. Franklin W. Kilpatrick.
2d South Carolina Rifles, Col. Thomas Thomson.
5th South Carolina, Col. A. Coward.
Bth South Carolina, Col. John Bratton. Hampton (South Carolina) Legion, Col. Martin W. Gary. Palmetto (South Carolina) Sharpshooters, Col. Joseph Walker.
Anderson's Brigade.
7th Georgia, Col. W. W. White.
8th Georgia, Col. John R. Towers.
9th Georgia, Col. Benjamin Beck. Uth Georgia, Col. F. H. Little. 59th Georgia, Col. Jack Brown.
Benning's Brigade.
2d Georgia, Col. Edgar M. Butt. 15th Georgia, Col. Dudley M. DuBose. 17th Georgia, Col. Wesley C. Hodges. 20th Georgia, Col. J. D. Waddell.
Robertson's Brigade.
.3d Arkansas, Col. Van H. Manning. 1st Texas, Col. A. T. Rainey. 4th Texas, Col. J. C. G. Key. 5th Texas, Col. R. M. Powell.
Law's Brigade.
4th Alabama, Col. Pinckney D. Bowles. 1.5th Alabama, Col. William C. Oates. 44ih Alabama, Col. William F. Perry. 47th Alabama, Col. Michael J. Bulger. 48th Alabama, Col. James L. Sheffield.
AFFENUIX. 383
Artillery Battalion.
Col. E. PORTEK AlEXAN'DEK.
South Carolina Battery, Capt. William W. Fickling. Virginia Battery, Capt. Tyler C. Jordan. Louisiana Battery, Capt. George V. Moody. Virginia Battery, Capt. William W. Parker. Virginia Battery, Capt. Osmond B. Taylor. Virginia Battery, Capt. Pichegru Woolfolk, Jr.
HARDEE'S COUPS. Lieut. Gen. William J. Hardee.
CHEATHAM-S DlVtSIOX HAKDEKS CUHI'S).
Maj. Gen. B. F. Cheatham. Jackson' X Brigade.
1st Georgia (Confederate), Maj. James C. Gordon
5th Georgia, Col. Charles P. Daniel. 47th Georgia,* Capt. J. J. Harper. 65th Georgia,* Lieut. Col. Jacob W. Pearcy.
2d Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters, Lieut. Col. Richard H. Whitely.
5th Mississippi, Maj. John B. Herring.
8th Mississippi, Maj. John F. Smith.
Moore's Brigade.
37th Alabama, Col. James F. Dowdell.
40th Alabama, Col. John H. Higley.
42d Alabama, Lieut. Col. Thomas C. Lanier.
WaWt all's Brigade.
24th and 27th Mississippi, Col. William F. Dowd. 29th and 30th Mississippi, Capt. W. G. Reynolds. 34th Mississippi, Col. Samuel Benton.
Wright's Brigade.
yth Tennessee, Col. John H. Anderson. 16th Tennessee, Col. D. M. Donnell. 28th Tennessee, Col. Sidney S. Stanton. 38th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. Andrew D. Gwynne. 51st and 52d Tennessee, Lieut. Col. John G. Hall. Murray's (Tennessee) Battalion, Lieut. Col. Andrew IX Gwy.ine.
Artillery Battalion .
Maj. Melancthon Smith.
Alabama Battery, Capt. William H. Fowler.
Florida Battery, Capt. Robert P. McCants.
Georgia Battery, Capt. John Scogin.
Mississippi Battery (Smith's), Lieut. William B. Turner.
Assigned Xnvcmber 12, 1863.
384 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
t'LEBURNKS DIVISION (HARDEE'S CORPS),
Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne.
UddelVs Brigade.
2d and 15th Arkansas, Maj. E. Warfield. 5th and 13th Arkansas, Col. John E. Murray. 6th and 7th Arkanas, Lieut. Col. Peter Snyder. 8th Arkansas, Maj. Anderson Watkins. 19th and 24th Arkansas,* Lieut. Col. A. S. Hutchison.
Smith's Brigade.
6th and 10th Texas Infantry and loth Texas (dismounted)
Cavalry, Col. Roger Q. Mills. 7th Texas.t Col. Hiram B. Granbury.
17th, 18th, 24th and 25th Texas Cavalry (dismounted), Maj. William A. Taylor.
Polk's Brigade.
1st Arkansas. Col. John W. Colquitt. 8d and 5th Confederate, Lieut. Col. J. C. Cole. 2d Tennessee, Col. William D. Robison. 85th and 48th Tennessee, Col. Benjamin J. Hill.
Lowrey's Brigade.
16th Alabama, Maj. Frederick A. Ashford. 38d Alabama, Col. Samuel Adams. 45th Alabama, Lieut. Col. H. D. Lampley. 32d and 45th Mississippi, Lieut. Col. R. Charlton. 15th Mississippi Battalion Sharpshooters, Capt. Daniel Cole- man,
Artillery Battalion.
Maj. T. R. HoTCHKiss.
Arkansas Battery (Calvert's), Lieut. Thomas J. Key. Texas Battery, Capt. James P. Douglas.
Alabama Battery (Semple's), Lieut. Richard W. Goldthwaite. Mississippi Battery (Swett's), Lieut. H. Shannon.
STEVENSON'S DIVISION (HARDEE'S CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson.
Brown's Brigade^
3d Tennessee,§ Col. Calvin H. Walker. 18th and 26th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. William R. Butler.
32d Tennessee, Capt. Thomas D. Deavenport. 45th Tennessee and 23d Tennessee Battalion, Col. Anderson Searcy.
* Transferred from Smith's brigade, November 12, 1863. t Transferred from Gregg's brigade, November 12, 1863.^ I Transferred from Stewart's division, November 12, 1863. § In Gregg's brigade, October 31, 1863.
APPENDIX.
385
Cu in minu's liricjade.^
34th Georgia, Col. J. A. W. Johnson.
36th Georgia, Lieut. Col. Alexander M. Wallace.
39th Georgia, Col. J. T. McConnell.
r)()th Georgia, Lieut. Col. J. T. Slaughter.
Pettus' Bngude.'\
20th Alabama, Capt. John W. Davis. 23d Alabama, Lieut. Col. J. B. Bibb. 30th Alabama, Col. Charles M. Shelley. 31st Alabama, Col. D. R. Hundley. 4Hth Alabama, Capt. George E. Brewer.
Vaii(j}i It's l>rl(j(idi'.%
3d Tennessee (Provisional Army). 39th Tennessee. 43d Tennessee. o9th Tennessee.
. [rtilleri/ l]attulu)n.'6,
Capt. Robert Cobb.
Tennessee Battery, Capt. Edmund D. Baxter. Tennessee Battery, Capt. William VV. Carnes. Georgia Battery, Capt. Max. Van Den Corput. Georgia Battery, Capt. John B. Rowan.
WXI.KKKS DIVISION (II.\RDEES CORPS).
Maj. Gen. W. H. T. Walker.
Mane if » P>i'i(iade.*\\
1st and 27th Tennessee, Col. Hume R. Feild.
4th Tennessee (Provisional Army), Capt. Joseph Bostick.
Mth and 9-th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. J. W. Buford.
41st Tennessee,** Col. Robt. Farquharson.
50th Tennessee,** Col. Cyrus A. Sugg.
24th Tennessee Battalion Sharpshooters, I\Taj. Frank Maney.
* Regimental commanders, not reported in original, are supplied from Stevenson's roster.
t Reassigned to division November 12, 1863.
:i: Note on original: "Exchanged prisoners; but few reported."
<i According to Stevenson's return, his artillery balallion consisted at this date of Games', Corput's, and Rowan's batteries, and the 20th Ala- bama Battalion, viz: Company A, Capt. Winslow D. Emery; Company B, Capt. Richard H. Bellamy, and Company C, Capt. T. J. Key.
II Transferred from Longstreet's corps November 12, 1863, and regi- ments of Gregg's brigade distributed to Bate's, Maney's, and Smith's brigades.
Tl Transferred from Cheatham's division November 12, 1863. ** ?>om Gregg's brigade. 25
386 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Wilson's Brigade.
26th Georgia, Col. Claudius C. Wilson.
29th Georgia, Col. William J. Young.
30th Georgia, Col. Thomas W. Mangham.
26th Georgia Battalion, Maj. John W. Nisbet.
1st Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters,* Maj. Arthur Shaaff.
Gist's Briyade.
46th Georgia, Lieut. Col. William A. Daniel. 8th Georgia Battalion, Lieut. Col. Leroy Napier. 16th South Carolina, Col. James McCullough. 24th South Carolina, Col. Clement H. Stevens.
Artillery Battalion.
Maj. Robert Martin.
Missouri Battery, Capt. Hiram M. Bledsoe. South Carolina Battery, Capt. T. B. Ferguson. Georgia Battery, Capt. Evan P. Howell.
BRECKINRIDGE'S ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge.
•STEWART'S DIVISION (BRECKINRIDGES CORPS).
Maj. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart.
Adams' Brigade.
13th and 20th Louisiana, Col. Leon von Zinken. 16th and 25th Louisiana, Col. Daniel Gober. 19th Louisiana, Col. W. P. Winans. 4th Louisiana Battalion, Lieut. Col. John McEnery. 14th Louisiana Battalion, Sharpshooters, Maj. J. E. Austin.
Strahl's Brigade.
4th and 5th Tennessee, Col. Jonathan J. Lamb. 19th Tennessee, Col. Francis M. Walker. 24th Tennessee, Col. John A. Wilson. 31st Tennessee, Col. Egbert E. Tansil. 33d Tennessee, Lieut. Col. Henry C. McNeill.
Clayton's Brigade.
18th Alabama, Maj. Shep. Ruftin. 32d Alabama, Capt. John W. Bell. 36th Alabama, Col. Lewis T. Woodruff. 38th Alabama, Col. Charles T. Ketchum. ■58th Alabama, Lieut. Col. John W. Inzer.
StovaU's Brigade.
40th Georgia, Col. Abda Johnson. 41st Georgia, Col. William E. Curtiss. 42d Georgia, Col. R. J. Henderson. 43d Georgia, Col. Hiram P. Bell. 52d Georgia, Maj. John J. Moore.
* Assigned November 12, 1863.
APPENDIX.
387
Artillery JiattuUvn.
Capt. Henry C. Semple.
Georgia Battery (Dawson's), Lieut. R. W. Anderson. Arkansas Battery (Humphrey's), Lieut. John W. Rivers Alabama Battery, Capt. McDonald Oliver. Mississippi Battery, Capt. Thomas J. Stanford.
BRECKINRIDGE'S DIVISION (BRECKINRIDGE'S CORPS).
Brig. Gen. William B. Bate. Lewis' Brigade.
2d Kentucky, Lieut. Col. James W. Moss. 4th Kentucky, Maj. Thomas W. Thompson. 5th Kentucky, Col. H. Hawkins. 6th Kentucky, Lieut. Col. VV. L. Clarke. 9th Kentucky, Lieut. Col. John C. Wickliffe. John H. Morgan's dismounted men.
Florida Brif/ade*
1st and 3d Florida, Capt.W. T. Saxon.
4th Florida, Lieut. Col. E. Badger.
6th Florida, Col. Jessie J. Finley.
7th Florida, Lieut. Col. Tillman Ingram.
1st Florida Cavalry (dismounted), Col. G. Troup Maxwell.
Bate's Brigade.^ 37th Georgia, Col. A. F. Rudler.
4th Georgia Battalion Sharpshooters, Lieut. Joel Towers. 10th Tennessee,^ Col. William Grace. 15th and 37th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. R. Dudley Frayser 20th Tennessee, Maj. W. M. Shy. 30th Tennessee,! Lieut. Col. James J. Turner.
1st Tennessee Battalion,^ Maj. Stephen H. Colms.
Artillery Battalion.
Capt. C. H. Slocomb.
Kentucky Battery (Cobb's), Lieut. Frank P. Gracey.
Tennessee Battery, Capt. John W. Mebane.
Louisiana Battery (Slocomb's), Lieut. W. C. D. VaufJ-ht.
BUCKNER'S DIVISIONS (BRECKINRIDGE'S CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson.
JoJi n son 's Brigade. 17th and 23d Tennessee, Lieut. Col. Watt W. Floyd. 25th and 44th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. John L. McEwen, Jr. 63d Tennessee, Maj. John A. Aiken.
* Organized November 12, 1863.
t Transferred from Stewart's division November 12, 1863. t Transferred from Gregg's brigade November 12, 1863. ^ Detached November 22 for operation.s against Burnside in east Tennessee. Reynolds' brigade and the artillerv were recalled.
388 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Reynoldn' Brigade.
68th North CaroHna, Col. John B. Palmer. 60th North Carolina, Capt. James T. Weaver. 54th Virginia, Lieut. Col. John J. Wade. t)3d Virginia, Maj. James M. French.
Grade's Brigade.
41st Alabama, Lieut. Col. Theodore G. Trimmier. 43d Alabama, Col. Young M. Moody.
1st Battalion, Alabama (Hilliard's) Legion, Maj. Daniel S. Troy.
2d Battalion, Alabama (Hilliard's) Legion, Capt. John H, Dillard.
3d Battalion, Alabama (Hilliard's) Legion, Lieut. Col. John W. A. Sanford.
4th Battalion, Alabama (Hilliard's) Legion, Maj. John D. Mc- Lennan.
Artillery Battalion.
Maj. Samuel C. Williams.
Mississippi Battery (Darden's), Lieut. H. W. Bullen. Virginia Battery, Capt. William C. Jeffress. Alabama Battery, Capt. K. F. Kolb.
HIXDMANS DIVISION (BRECKINRIDGE'S CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Patton Anderson. Anderson fi Brigade.
7th Mississippi, Col. William H. Bishop.
9th Mississippi, Maj. Thomas H. Lynam. 10th Mississippi, Capt. Robert A. Bell. 41st Mississippi, Col. W. F. Tucker. 44th Mississippi, Lieut. Col. R. G. Kelsey.
9th Mississippi Battalion Sharpshooters, Capt. W. W. Tucker
Manigault's Brigade.
24th Alabama, Col. N. N. Davis.
28th Alabama, Maj. W. L. Butler.
34th Alabama, Maj. John N. Slaughter.
10th and 19th South Carolina, Col. James F. Pressley.
Deas' Brigade. »
19th Alabama, Col. Samuel K. McSpadden.
22d Alabama, Capt. Harry T. Toulmin.
25th Alabama, Col. George D. Johnson.
39th Alabama, Col. Whitfield Clark.
50th Alabama, Col. J. G. Coltart.
17th Alabama Battalion Sharpshooters, Capt. James F. Nabers.
VaugJKDi's Brigade.
11th Tennessee, Col. George W. Gordon. 12th and 47th Tennessee, Col. William M. Watkins. 13th and 154th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. R. W. Pitman. 29th Tennessee, Col. Horace Rice.
APPKNDIX. 389
ArtiUery Battalion.
Maj. Alfred R. Couktnkv.
Alabama Battery, Capt. S. H. Dent. Alabama liattery, Capt. James Garrity. Tennessee Battery (Scott's), Lieut. John Doscher. Alabama Battery (Water's), Lieut. William P. Hamilton.
WITEFJ.ER'S CAVA LEY ('ORPS/' Maj. Gen. Josf.I'H Wheeler,
WHAUTONS DIVISION (WIIKELEK'S CORPS .
Maj. Gen. John A. Wharton.
First Brigade.
Col. Thomas Harrison.
3d Arkansas, Lie.,t. Col. M. J. Henderson. 65th North Carolina (6th Cavalry), Col. George N. Folk.
8th Texas, Lieut. Col. Gustave Cook. 11th Texas, Lieut. Col. J. M. Bounds.
Second Brigade.
Brig. Gen. Henry B. Davidson.
1st Tennessee, Col. James E. Carter. 2d Tennessee, Col. Henry M. Ashby. 4th Tennesiee, Col. William S. McLemore. 6th Tennessee, Col. James T. Wheeler. 11th Tennessee, Col. Daniel W. Holman.
MARTIN'S DIVISION (WHEELER'S CORPS).
Maj. Gen. William T. Martin.
First Brigade.
Brig. Gen. John T. Morgan.
1st Alabama, Lieut. Col. D. T. Blakey.
3d Alabama, Lieut. Col. T. H. Mauldin.
4th Alabama (Russell's), Lieut. Col. J. M. Hambnck. Malone's (Alabama) Regiment, Col. James C. Malone, Jr. 51st Alabama, Capt. M. L. Kirkpatnck.
Second Brigade.
Col. J. J. Morrison.
1st Georgia, Lieut. Col. S. W. Davitte. 2d Georgia, Lieut. Col. F. M. Ison. 3d Georgia, Lieut. Col. R. Thompson. 4th Georgia, Col. Isaac W. Avery. 6th Georgia, Col. John R. Hart.
*The First Brigade of Wharton's division, Martin's division, Arm- strong's division (the Fifth Tennessee excepted), and all the artillery (ex- cept Huwald's battery), detached under Wheeler's command.
390 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V, I.
ARMSTRONGS DIVISION (WHEELER'S CORPS).
Brig. Gen. Frank C. Armstrong.
First Brigade.
Brig. Gen. William Y. C. Humes.
4th Tennessee (Baxter Smith's), Lieut. Col. Paul F. Anderson. 6th Tennessee, Col. George VV. McKenzie. 8th Tennessee, (Dihrell's). 9th Tennessee, Col. Jacob B. Biffle. 10th Tennessee, Col. Nicholas N. Cox.
Second Brigade.
Col. C. H. Tyler.
Clay's (Kentucky) Battalion, Lieut. Col. Ezekiel F. Clay. Edmundson's (Virginia) Battalion, Maj. .S. P. McConnell. Jessee's (Kentucky) Battalion, Maj. A. L. McAfee. Johnson's (Kentucky) Battalion, Maj. O. S. Tenney.
KELLY'S DIVISION (WHEELER'S CORPS).
First Brigade.'
Col. William B. Wade.
1st Confederate, Capt. C. H. Conner. 3d Confederate, Col. W. N. Estes. 8th Confederate, Lieut. Col. John S. Prather. 10th Confederate, Col. Charles T. Goode.
tSecond Brigade. i
Col. J. Warren Grigsby.
2d Kentucky, Col. Thomas G. Woodward.
3d Kentucky, Col. J. R. Butler.
9th Kentucky, Col. W. C. P. Breckinridge. Allison's (Tennessee) Squadron, Capt. R. D. Allison. Hamilton's (Tennessee) Battalion, Lieut. Col. O. P. Hamilton, Rucker's Legion, Col. E. W. Rucker.
Artillery.
Tennessee Battery, Capt. A. L. Huggins. Tennessee Battery, Capt. Gustave A. Huwald. Tennessee Battery, Capt. B. F. White, Jr. Arkansas Battery, Capt. J. H. Wiggins.
RESERVE ARTILLERY.*
Maj. Felix H. Robertson.
Missouri Battery, Capt. Overton W. Barret. Georgia Battery (Havis'), Lieut. James R. Duncan. Alabama Battery (Lumsden's), Lieut. Harvey H. Cribbs. Georgia Battery, Capt. Thomas L. Massenburg.
*Sengstak's (Alabama) battery, assigned November 19, not ac- counted for in reports.
APPENDIX
391
DETACHED.
Rixhlt't/'s Cavalry lirigade.
4th Alabama, Col. William A. Johnson.
•5th Alabama, Col. Josiah Patterson. 53d Alabama, Col. M. W. Hannon.
Moreland's (Alabama) Battalion, Lieut. Col. M. 1). Moreland. Georgia Battery, Capt. C. B. Ferrell.
rXlOX .\\1) C()NFl<l)lik.\TH ORC.WIZATIOXS
AT
C H ^ T X ^ N O O G A
Nov. 23, 24 AND 25, 1863.
GRANT , i |
BRAGG |
||||||||
Statks |
a |
u > |
_>1 u |
3 0 |
States |
c |
> 0 |
< |
(2' |
Indiana Illinois Iowa Kansas Kentucky . . Massachus'ts Michigan .... Minnesota. . . Missouri New Jersey. . New York. . . Ohio |
31 45 10 1 11 1 4 2 14 1 14 61 10 7 7 1 |
"3 |
3 10 1 i 1 3 2 5 2 1 3 4 |
34 55 11 1 12 1 6 3 17 1 16 69 12 1 10 11 1 261 |
Alabama .... Arkansas .... Florida Georgia Kentucky.. . . Louisiana . . Maryland . . . Missouri ^Mississippi . . N. Carolina.. S. Carolina. . Tennessee. . . Texas Virginia Conf d. Reg'rs |
31 7 5 36 5 4 15 2 13 36 6 2 1 |
5 1 "5' 3 1 1 ii" 2 "4 |
8 3 1 9 1 2 1 2 4 2 7 1 5 |
44 11 6 50 9 7 1 2 19 3 15 54 |
Pennsylv'nia Tennessee .. . Wisconsin. . . U. S. Regul'.- W. Virginia.. |
9 7 5 |
||||||||
Total |
|||||||||
Total |
220 |
c |
36 |
163 33 |
46 |
242 |
392
SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
LOSSES OF INDIANA ORGANIZATIONS BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.*
IN THE
Brigade |
Division |
CORl'S |
kill'd wounded |
C'PD' D OR miss'g H |
|||
NU.MBER |
O .2 1 O W |
u o o |
0 a . 31 1 21 1 5 2 7 62 4 57 17 . 20 2 35 . 17 2 . -39 3 "56 10 3 31 1 11 2 . 10 3 11 1 9 I. 21 2 21 13 21 8 2 14 1 17 l 557 4 1 "7 4 3 18 "'7j 7 557 18 7 582 |
< 0 u K < |
|||
hi/aniry 6th Regiment iHh Regiment lOth Regiment 17th Regiment S'Jth Regiment 30th Regiment 31st Regiment |
Baldwin Hazen Croxton Wilder Dodge Dodge Cruft |
Johnson Palmer Brannan Reynolds Johnson Johnson Palmer Johnson Van Cleve Palmer Neglev Baird |
20th 21st 14th 14th 20th 20th 21st 20th 21st 21st 14th 14th 20th 14th . 21st 21st 14th 14th . 14th 14th . 21st . 20th • 14th Reser'e 21st . 14th 14th . 14th . 3 |
2 11 2 11 2 2- 4 2 9 2 8 1 4 1 20 5 . 13 i "i2 5 1 1 2 2 14 2 15 3 2 20 . 17 1 4 1 19 ^ 20 1 7 33 3 . 11 |
t i 5 0 4 3 10 "3 3 3 9 5 5 1 11 4 2 4 1 6 3 4 4 5 |
110 83 130 8 87 50! ??. 20 89 . 7 . 54 . 32 . 49 52 . 114 103 15. 114 . 104 42 56 67 91 . 28 . 138'. 29 85 |
160 126 166 16 172 126 83 122 &5 129 9 109 |
32d Regiment 35th Regiment 36th Regiment |
Willich Barnes |
||||||
37th Regiment 38th Regiment.... |
Sirvvell Scribner Willich J. Bey.tty Dick |
||||||
3Jtth Regiment.... 42d Regiment 44th Regiment |
Johnson Neglev Van Cleve.... Wood Reynolds Reynolds Brannan Reynolds Van Cleve.... |
40 106 74 |
|||||
58th Regiment.... |
Buell |
169 |
|||||
68th Regiment 72d Regiment 74th Regiment 75th Regiment 79th Regiment 81st Regiment |
E. A. King Wilder Croxton E. A. King S. Beatty Carlin Connell Whitaker Dick Van Derveer. . J. Beatty E. A. King - |
137 21 157 138 55 87 |
|||||
83d Regiment 84th Regiment 86th Regiment 87th Regiment 88th Regiment.... 101st Regiment |
Brannan Steedman Van Cleve Brannan Negley Reynolds |
111 133 53 190 53 119 |
|||||
Total Infantry. . |
1 288 |
124 .... |
1,893 3 14 6 . 8 9 . i.i . 2 . 15 . 13 . |
2,925 |
|||
A r tiller y 4th Batterv |
Starkweather. Baldwin S. Beatty Buell |
Baird |
14th . 20th . 21st . |
20 |
|||
5th Battery 7th Batterv |
Johnson Van Cleve.... Wood |
9 9 |
|||||
8th Batterv |
21st . 20th . 14th . 14th . 14th . |
2 |
.... .... |
17 |
|||
llth Batterv |
Lytle |
Sheridan Reynolds Reynolds Reynolds |
19 |
||||
18th Batterv 19th Batterv 21st Batterv |
Wilder E. A. King Turchin |
3 20 12 |
|||||
Total Artillery.. |
9 1 |
3 |
77 1 4 .. 3 .. 2 .. |
109 |
|||
Cavalry 3d Regiment 3d (Battalion; j |
Ray Minty |
E. M. McCook |
5 3 |
||||
4th Regiment |
9 |
||||||
1 288 9 1 |
124 3 |
||||||
Total Cavalry.. |
9 .. 1,893 32 ■ 77 2 9!.. |
17 |
|||||
Recaptiulaiion Infantrv |
2,925 |
||||||
Artillerv |
109 |
||||||
Cavalrv |
17 |
||||||
31 |
|||||||
Total |
298 |
127 |
1,979 34 |
3,051 |
|||
'' Volume 30, Part I, War Records, pages 171-9.
APPKNnix. . 393
A RECORD OF THE
H,\rrLi-.s \\\) \i\i\M]\i\\\i\\s i\ Till' WAR or rill-: ki<:P)i:LLi()\,
Where the Loss on the Union Side was Five Hundred or More; Together with Other Events of Import- ance, Arranged Chronologically.
This list is largely compiled from Frederick Phisterer's Statistical Record. He states that the losses are generally based on ofticial medical returns, but must not be regarded as perfectly reliable, since some returns were based on estimates. The rebel losses given are gen- erally estimates.
Note.— U, followed by tigures, indicates the Union loss, in killed, wounded, and missing; and R, the rebel loss.
1861.
April 18.— Fort Sumter, Charleston, S. C, surrenders.
April 15.— President calls for 75,000 volunteers to serve for three months.
April 19.— Sixt!i Massachusetts and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Regiments march through streets of Baltimore, Md.; attacked by mob; ■several killed.
May 3.— President calls for 42,084 volunteers to serve for three years.
June 1. — Union forces enter Virginia.
July 21.— Bull Run, Va.; U. 2,952; R. 1,752.
Aug. 10.— Wilson's Creek, Mo.; U. 1,285; R. 1,095.
Aug. 20.— McClellan assumes command Army of the Potomac.
Aug. 29.— Fort Hatteras, N. C, surrenders.
Sept. 12-20.— Lexington, Mo.; U. 1,774; R. 100.
Oct. 21.— Balls Bluff, Va.; U. 894; R. 802.
Oct. 81.— Lieut.-Gen. Scott resigns; McClellan in command of Union forces.
Nov. 7.— Belmont, Mo.; U. 498; R. 966. This was General Grant's first independent command.
\ov. 8.— Captain Wilkes, U. S. N., boards British ship Trent, seizes .and carries to Boston the Rebel Commissioners, Mason and Slidell.
394 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
1862.
Feb. 14-16.— Fort Donelson, Tenn.; U. 2,831; R. 15,067.
March 6-8.— Pea Ridge, Ark.; U. 1,349; R. 5,200.
March 9. — Monitor defeats Merrimack.
March 11. — McClellan resigns general command; assumes com- mand Army of the Potomac.
March 14.— Newbern, N. C; U. 471; R. 583.
March 23.— Winchester, Va.; U. 567; R. 691.
April 6-7.— Shiloh, Tenn.; U. 13,573; R. 10,699.
May 5.— Williamsburg, Va.; U. 2,228; R. 1,000.
May 23.— Front Royal, Va.; U. 904; R.
May 25.— Winchester, Va.; U. 904; R.
May 30 — Corinth, Miss., evacuated; Halleck's army takes possession.
May 31, June 1.— Seven Pmesand Fair Oaks, Va.; U. 5,739; R, 7,997.
June 6 — Memphis, Tenn., surrenders.
June 8.— Cross Keys, Va.; U. 625; R. 287.
June 9.-Port Republic, Va.; U. 1,002; R. 657.
June 16. — Secessionville, James Island, S. C; U. 685; R. 204.
June 25.— Oak Grove, Va.; U; 516; R. 541.
June 26, July 1. — Seven days' retreat; includes battles of Mechan- icsville, Gaines' Mills, Chickahominy, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Charles City Cross Roads and Malvern Hill; U. 15,249; R. 17,583.
July 2.— President calls for 300,000 volunteers for three years.
July 13.— Murfreesboro, Tenn.; U. 895; R. 150.
July 20, Sept. 20.— Guerrilla campaign in Missouri; U. 580; R. 2,866.
Aug. 4. — President calls for 300,000 volunteers for nine months.
Aug. 8. -Cedar Mountain, Va.; U. 1,400; R. 1,307.
Aug. 28, 29.— Groveton and Gainesville. Va.; U. 7,000; R. 7,000.
Aug. 30.— Second Bull Run, Va.; U. 7,800; R. 3,700.
Aug. 30.— Richmond, Ky.; U. 4,900; R. 750.
Sept. l.—Chantilly, Va.; U. 1,300; R. 800.
Sept. 12-15.— Harper's Ferry, Va.; U. 11,783; R. 500.
Sept. 14.— South Mountain, Md.; U. 2,325; R. 4,343.
Sept. 14-16.^Munfordville, Ky.;U. 3,616; R. 714.
Sept. 17.— Antietam, Md.; U. 12,469; R. 25,899.
Sept. 19, 20.— luka. Miss.; U. 782; R. 1,516.
Sept. 22. — President issues proclamation to free slaves Jan. 1, 1863.
Oct. 3, 4.— Corinth, Miss.; U. 2,359; R. 9,423.
Oct. 5.— Big Hatchie River, Miss.; U. 500; R. 400.
Oct. 8.— Perryville, Ky.; U. 4,348; R. 4,500.
Oct. 10, 13.— Raid of rebel general J. E. B. Stuart into Pennsylvania.
Nov. 5. — Burnside supersedes McClellan.
Dec. 7.— Prairie Grove, Ark.; U. 1,148; R. 1,500.
Dec. 7.— Hartsville,Tenn.;U. 1,855; R. 149.
Dec. 12, 18.— Foster's expedition, Goldsboro, N. C; U. 577; R. 739.
Dec. 13.— Fredericksburg, Va.; U. 12,353; R. 4,576.
APPENDIX. 395
Dec 20.— Holly Springs, Miss.; U. 1,000, R.
Dec. 27.— Elizabethtown, Ky.; U. 600; R.
Dec. 28-29.— Chickasaw Bayou, Miss.; U. 1,929; R. 207.
Dec. ai-Tan. 2, 1863.— Stone River, Tenn.; U. 11,578; R. 14,5()().
1863.
Jan. 1.— Galveston, Texas; U. 600; R. 50.
Jan. 2. — President Lincoln proclaims freedom to slaves in rebel states.
Jan. 11.— Fort Hindman. Ark.; U. 977; R. 5,500.
Jan. 26.— Hooker supersedes Burnside.
Feb. 25.— Conscript bill passed by Congress.
March 3.— Congress suspends habeas corpus act.
March 4-5.— Thompson's Station, Tenn.; U. 1,706; R.600.
April 27-May 3.— Streight's raid from Tuscumbia, Ala., to Rome, Ga.; I'. 1,547; R.
May 1.— Port Gibson. Miss.; U. 853; R. 1,650.
May 1-4-Chancellorsville, Va.; U. 16,030; R. 12,281.
May 10. — Death of Stonewall Jackson.
May 16.— Champion Hills, Miss.; U. 2,457; R. 4,300.
May 18-July 4.— Siege of Vicksburg, Miss.; U. 4,536; R. 31,277.
May 27-July 9.-Siege of Port Hudson, La.; U. 3,000; R. 7,208.
June 6-8.— Milliken's Bend, La.; U. 492; R. 725.
June 9.— Beverly Ford and Brandy Station, Va.; U. 500; R. 700.
June 13-15.— Winchester, Va.; U. 3,000; R. 850.
June 14.— Confederate invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania commenced.
June 23-30.— Rosecrans'camj^aign from Murfreesboroto Tullahoma, Tenn".; U. 560; R. 1,634.
June 27. — Meade supersedes Hooker.
July 1-3.— Gettysburg, Penn.; U. 23,186; R. 31,621.
July 9-16.— Jackson, Miss.; U. 1,000; R. 1,339.
July 13-16.— Riots in New York City against enforcement of con- scription act.
July 18.— Fort Wagner, S. C; second assault; U. 1,500; R. 174.
Sept. 10. — Knoxville, Tenn., occupied by Burnside.
Sept. 19-20.— Chickamauga, Ga.; U. 16.336; R. 20,950.
Oct. 17 and Feb. 1, '64.— President calls for 500,000 men for three years, to include men raised by draft in 1863.
Oct. 19.— Rosecrans' command of army in Tennessee superseded by Thomas.
Nov. 3.— Grand Coteau, La.; U. 726; R. 445.
Nov. 6.— Rogersville, Tenn.; U. 667; R. 30.
Nov. 23-25.— Chattanooga, Tenn.; includes Orchard Knob. Look- out Mountain and Missionary Ridge; U. 6,103; R. 8,684. Nov. 26-28.— Mine Run, Va.; U. 500; R. 500. Dec. 14.— Bean's Station, Tenn.; U. 700; R. 900.
396 SIXTY- EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
1864.
Feb. '20.— Olustee, Fla.; U. 1,828; R. 500.
March 12. — General Grant made lieutenant-general, and in com- mand of all armies, succeeding Haileck.
March 14. — President calls for 200,000 men for three years.
April 8.— Sabine Cross Roads, La.; U. 2,900; R. 1,500.
April 9.— Pleasant Hills, La.; U. 1,100; R. 2,000.
April 12.— Fort Pillow, Tenn.; U. 574; R.80.
April 17-20.— Plymouth, N. C; U. 1,600; R. 500.
April 30.— Jenkin's Ferry, Ark.; U. 1,155; R. 1,100.
May 5-7.— Wilderness, Va.; U. 18,387; R. 11,400.
May 5-9.— Rocky Face Ridge, Ga.; U. 837; R. 600.
May 8-18.— Spottsylvania Court House, Va.; U. 12,564; R. 9,000.
May 9-10.— Cloyd's Mt. and New River Bridge, Va.; U. 745; R. 900; Swift Creek, Va. ; U. 490; R. 500.
May 12-16.— Fort Darling, Drury's Bluff, Va.; U. 3,012; R. 2,500.
May 13-16.— Resaca, Ga.; U. 2,747; R. 2,800.
May 15.— New Market, Va.; U. 920.; R. 405.
May 16-30.— Bermuda Hundred, Va.; U. 1,200; R. 3,000.
May 23-27.— North Anna River, Va.; U. 1,973; R. 2,000.
May 25-June 4.— Dallas, Ga.; U. 2,400; R. 3,000.
June 1-12.— Cold Harbor, Va.; U. 14,931; R. 1,700.
June 5.— Piedmont, Va.; U. 780; R. 2,970.
June 9-30.— Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; U. 8,670; R. 4,600.
June 10.— Brice's Cross Roads, Miss.; U. 2,240; R. 606.
June 10.— Kellar's Bridge, Ky.; U. 767.
June 11-12.— Trevellian Station, Va.; U. 735; R. 370.
June 15-19. ^Petersburg, Va.; includes Baylor's farm, Walthall and Weir Bottom Church; U. 10,586.
June 17-18.— Lynchburg, Va.; U. 700; R. 200.
June 20-30. — Trenches in front of Petersburg, Va.; LT. 1,418.
June 22-30.— Wilson's Raid on Weldon's Railroad, Va.; U. 1,041; R. 300.
June 22-23.- Weldon Railroad, Va.; U. 5,315; R. 500.
June 27.— Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; U. 3,000; R. 600.
July 1-13. — Part of Lee's army invades Maryland, threatens Wash- ington, and retreats.
July 1-81.— Front of Petersburg, Va.; U. 3,695.
July 6-10.— Chattahooche River, Ga.; Union, 730; R. 600.
July 9.— Monocacy, Md.; U. 1,959; R. 400.
July 13-15.— Tupelo, -Miss.; U. 648; R. 700.
July 18.— President calls for 500,000 men for three years.
July 20.— Peach Tree Creek, Ga.; U. 1,710; R. 4,796.
July 22.— Atlanta, Ga.; U. 3,641; R. 8,499.
July 24.-\Vmchester, Va.; U. 1,200; R. 600.
July 26-31.— Stoneman's raid to Macon, Ga.; U. 1,000.
APPENDIX. 397
July 2()-81.— McCook's raid to Lovejoy Station, Ga.; U. 600.
July 28.— Atlanta, Ga., Ezra Chapel; U. 700; R. 4,642.
July 30.— Mine explosion, Petersburg, Va.; U. 4,008; R. 1,200.
Aug. 1-81.— Trenches before Petersburg, Va.; U.571.
Aug. 5-8.— Confederate flotilla, near Mobile, Ala., destroyed by Farragut, and Fort Gaines taken.
Aug. 14-18. — Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom Run, \'a.; U. 8,555; R. 1,100.
Aug. 18-19-21.— Six Mile House, Weldon Railroad, \'a.; U. 4,548; R. 4,000.
Aug. 21.— Summit Point, Va.; U. 600; R. 400.
Aug. 25.— Ream's Station, Va.; U. 2,442; R. 1,500.
Aug. 31-Sept. 1.— Jonesboro, Ga.; U. 1,149; R. 2,000.
May5-Sept. 8. — Campaign in Georgia, from Chattanooga. Tenn. to Atlanta; U. 37,199.
Sept. 1. — Sherman occupies Atlanta.
Sept. l.-Oct. 80. — Trenches before Petersburg, \'a.; U. 1,804; R. 1,000.
Sept. 19.— Opequan, Winchester, Va.; U. 4,990; R. 5,500.
Sept. 28.— Athens, Ala.; U. 950; R. 80.
Sept. 24-Oct. 28.— Price's invasion of Missouri; U. 506.
Sept. 28-80.— New Market Heights, Va.; U. 2,429; R. 2,000.
Sept. 30-Oct. 1.— Poplar Springs Church, Va.; U. 2,685; R. 900.
Oct. 5.— AUatoona, Ga.; U. 706; R. 1,142.
Oct. 19.— Cedar Creek, Va.; U. 5,995; R. 4,200.
Oct. 19.— St. Albans, Vt., raid.
Oct. 27.— Hatrher's Run. Va.; U. 1,902; R. 1,000.
Oct. 27-28.— Fair Oaks, near Richmond, Va.; U. 1,808; R. 451.
Nov. 8. — Abraham Lincoln re-elected President of the United States.
Nov. 18.— Sherman begins his^ march*. from {Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia.
Nov. 28.— Fort Kelly, \V. Va.; U. 700; R. 5.
Nov. 80.— Franklin, Tenn.; U. 2,326; R. 6,252.
Nov. 80.— Honey Hill, S. C; U. 711.
Dec. 6-9.— Deveaux's Neck, S. C; U. 629; R. 400.
Dec. 15-16.— Nashville, Tenn.; U. 2,140; R. 15,000.
Dec. 19.— President calls for 800,000^more men.
Dec. 21. — Sherman enters Savannah, Ga.
1865.
Ian. 11.— Beverly, W. Va.; U. 608. Jan. 18-15.— Fort Fisher. N. C; U. 955; R. 2,483. Feb. 5-7.— Dabney's Mills, Va.; U. 1,480; R. 1,200. March 8-10.— Wilcox's Bridge, N. C; U. 1,101; R. 1,500. March 16.— Averysboro, N. C; U. 554; R. 865. March 19-21— Bentonville, N. C; U. 1,646; R. 2,825.
398 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
March 25— Fort Steadman, Petersburg, Va.; U. 911; R. 2,681.
March 25.— Petersburg. Va.; U. 1,176; R. 834.
March 26, April 8.— Spanish Fort, Ala.; U. 795; R. 552.
March 22, April24. — Wilson's raid from Chickasaw, Ala., to Macon, Ga.; U. 725; R. 8,020.
March 31.— Boydton and White Oak Roads, Va.; U. 1,867; R. 1,235.
April 1.— Five Forks, Va.; U. 884; R. 8,500.
April 2.— Fall of Petersburg, Va.; U. 3,361; R. 3,000.
April 2-3. — Richmond evacuated and occupied by the Union army.
April 6. — Sailor's Creek, Va.; Sheridan overtakes and defeats Lee; U. 1,180; R. 7,000.
April 6.— High Bridge, Va.; U. 1,041.
April 7.— Farmville, Va.; U. 655.
April 9.— Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House; R. 26,000.
April 9.--Fort Blakely, Ala.; U. 629; R. 2,900.
April 12. — Mobile, Ala., evacuated by the rebels.
April 14. United States flag replaced on Fort Sumter, Charles- ton, S. C.
April 14.— President Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theater, Wash- ington, D. C, by Wilkes Booth, who escaped.
April 15.— President Lincoln dies at 7:30 A.M. Andrew Johnson sworn in as President.
April 26. — Rebel General Johnston surrenders with his army to Sherman; R. 29,924. Wilkes Booth captured and shot.
May 4. — Rebel General Dick Taylor surrenders, near Mobile, Ala.; R. 10,000.
May 10. — Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinsville, Ga.
May 10. — Rebel General Sam Jones surrenders; R. 8,000.
May 11 — Rebel General Jeff Thompson surrenders; R. 7,454.
May 26.— Rebel General Kirby Smith surrenders; R. 20,000.
The above list includes 149 engagements, in each of which the loss to the L'nion armies was over 500.
The total number of engagements chronicled by Captain Phisterer, in his book referred to, 2,261.
APPENDIX. 399
DISTANCES ON THE CIIICKAMAUGA BATTEEEIEEI).
Clouds to McDonald's ^'^
McDonald's to Kelly's 82
Kelly's to Poe's ^2
Poe's to Brotherton's 24
Brotherton's to \'iniard's 1-02
Viniard's to Lee & Gordon's Mill l-'^>2
Lee & Gordon's Mill to Lafayette 1:^25
Lee & Gordon's to Crawfish Springs Road 97
Lee & Gordon's to Crawfish Springs L9T
McDonald's to Reed's Bridge 2.50
McDonald'sto Jay's Mill 2.12
Kelly's to Jay's Mill 2.09
Brotherton's to Jay's Mill 2.00
Viniard's to Halls Ford 1-09
Viniard's to Jay's Mill 2.80
\'iniard's to Alexander's Bridge 2.4.^
Alexander's Bridge to Jay's Mill }-^^
Alexander's Bridge to McDonald's o.I.t
McDonald'sto McFarland's Gap 2.2o
■Snodgrass Hill to McFarland's Gap 2.4o
Hall's Ford to Jay's Mill 2-80
Widow Glenn's to Kelly's 2.00
Kelly's to Snodgrass House •!>'-
Brotherton's to Snodgrass House L-jO
McDonald'sto Snodgrass House L'J"*
DISTANCES ABOUT CHATTANOOGA.
MILES
Chattanooga to Rossville ^-00
Chattanooga to Clould House '■'^
Chattanooga to Kelly's 8.54
Chattanooga to Viniard's lonf
Chattanooga to Lee & Gordon's Mill 1--04
Chattanooga to Snodgrass House 9.94
Chattanooga to Crawfish Springs via Lee & Gordon 14.UI
Chattanooga to Lafayette "^^'X-
Rossville to McFarland's Gap 2.< .
Rossville via McFarland's Gap to Widow Glenn s o-W
Rossville via McFarland's Gap to Crawfish Springs 9.00
Rossville to Kelly's *-'^*
Rossville to Bragg's headquarters, Missionary Ridge -i-oU
Rossville to DeLong's place North Tower, Missionary Ridge 5.5U
Rossville to Tunnel ' -8^
Rossville to North End Missionary Ridge »-4o
Rossville to West foot of Lookout 'J-**
Rossville to Lookout Creek ^-i.
Crawfish Springs to Glass' Mill -'Al^
Crawfish Springs to Widow Glenn's '^-^^^
Crawfish Springs to Lee & Gordon's Mill Vij'
Ringgold to Reed's Bridge "— '^
SONGS AND POETRY OF THE WAR
THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND MORE.
J. S. GIBBONS.
We are coming, Father Abraam, three hundred thousand more,
From Mississippi's winding stream and from New England's shore ;
We leave our plows and workshops, our wives and chil- dren dear,
With hearts too full for utterance, with but a silent tear ;
We dare not look behind us, but steadfastly before ;
We are coming, Father Abraam, three hundred thousand more !
If you look across the hill tops that meet the northern sky, Long moving lines of rising dust your vision may descry ; And now the wind an instant tears the cloudy veil aside. And floats aloft our spangled flag, in glory and in pride ; And bayonets in the sunlight gleam, and bands brave music
pour, — We are coming. Father Abraam, three hundred thousand
more !
If you look all up our valleys where the growing harvests
shine. You may see our sturdy farmer boys fast forming into line;
SONGS AND POETRY OI' THE WAR. 4OI
And children from their mother's knees are pulling at the
weeds, And learning how to reap and sow, against their country's
needs ; And a farewell group stands weeping at every cottage door— We are coming. Father Abraam, three hundred thousand
more !
You have called us and we're coming, by Richmond's bloody tide.
To lay us down for freedom's sake, our brother's bones beside;
Or from foul treason's savage grasp to wrench the murder- ous blade,
And in the face of foreign foes its fragments to parade.
Six hundred thousand loyal men and true have gone before —
We are coming, Father Abraam, three hundred thousand more !
JUST BEFORE THE BATTLE, MOTHER.
GEORGE F. ROOT.
Just before the battle, mother,
I am thinking most of you, While upon the field we're waiting.
With the enemy in view. Comrades brave are round me lying.
Filled with thoughts of home and God; For well they know that on the morrow,
Some will sleep beneath the sod,
chorus:
Farewell, mother, you may never Press me to your heart again;
But O, you'll not forget me, mother. If I'm numbered with the slain.
26
402 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Oh I long to see you, mother. And the loving ones at home.
But I'll never leave our banner Till in honor I can come.
Tell the traitors all around you, That their cruel words we know,
In every battle kill our soldiers, By the help they give the foe.
Chorus.
Hark! I hear the bugles sounding,
'Tis the signal for the fight, Now may God protect us, mother.
As he ever does the right. Hear the "Battle Cry of Freedom,"
How it swells upon the air, • Oh, yes; we'll rally round the standard,
Or we'll perish nobly there.
Chorus.
ALL QUIET ALONG THE POTOMAC.
MRS. E. L. BEERS.
"All quiet along the Potomac," they say, "Except now and then a stray picket Is shot as he walks on his beat to and fro
By a rifleman hid in the thicket; 'T is nothing, a private or two now and then
Will not count in the news of the battle; Not an officer lost — only one of the men. Moaning out, all alone, his death-rattle."
All quiet along the Potomac to-night.
Where the soldiers lie peacefully dreaming;
Their tents in the rays of the clear autumn moon On the light of the watch-fires are gleaming.
SONGS AND POETRY OF TUK WAR. 4O3
A tremulous sigh, as the gentle night wind Through the forest leaves softly is creeping;
While stars above, with their glittering eyes. Keep guard — for the army is sleeping.
There's only the sound of the lone sentry's tread.
As he tramps from the rock to the fountain. And he thinks of the two in the low trundle-bed
Far away in the cot on the mountain. His musket falls slack — his face, dark and grim,
Grows gentle with memories tender. As he mutters a prayer for the children asleep.
For their mother — may heaven defend her.
The moon seems to shine just as brightly as then
That night, when the love yet unspoken Leaped up to his lips — when low murmured vows
Were pledged to be ever unbroken. Then drawing his sleeve roughly over his eyes
He dashes off tears that are welling. And gathers his gun closer up to its place,
As if to keep down the heart-swelling.
He passes the fountain, the blasted pine tree —
The footstep is lagging and weary; Yet onward he goes, through the broad belt of light,
Toward the shades of the forest so dreary. Hark was it the night winds that rustled the leaves.^
Was it moonlight so suddenly flashing? It looked like a rifle ■• " * Ha! Mary, good-by!
And the life-blood is ebbing and plashing.
All quiet along the Potomac to-night;
No sound save the rush of the river; While soft falls the dew on the face of the dead—
The picket's off duty forever!
404 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
SOMEBODY'S DARLING.
MARIE LACOSTE.
Into a ward of the white-washed walls,
Where the dead and the dying lay. Wounded by bayonets, shells and balls,
Somebody's darling was borne one day, — Somebody's darling, so young and so brave.
Wearing still on his pale, sweet face (Soon to be hid by the dust of the grave)
The lingering light of his boyhood's grace.
Matted and damp are the curls of gold,
Kissing the snow of that fair young brow; Pale are the lips of delicate mould —
Somebody's darling is dying now.' Back from the beautiful, blue-veined face
Brush every wandering silken thread! Cross his hands as a sign of grace —
Somebody's darling is stiff and dead!
Kiss him once for soinehody' s sake;
Murmur a prayer, soft and low; One bright curl from the cluster take —
They were somebody's pride, you know. Somebody's hand hath rested there —
Was it a mother's, soft and white.' And have the lips of a sister fair
Been baptized in those waves of light.'
God knows best. He was somebody's love!
Somebody's heart enshrined him there; Somebody wafted his name above,
Night and morn, on the wings of prayer.
SONGS AND POETRY OF THE WAR. 4O5
Somebody wept when he marched away, Looking so handsome, brave, and grand;
Somebody's kiss on his forehead lay; Somebody cking to his parting hand.
Somebody's watching and waiting for him, Yearning to hold him again to her heart;
There he lies, with the blue eyes dim. And smiling, child-like lips apart!
Tenderly bury the fair young dead. Pausing to drop on his grave a tear;
Carve on the wooden slab at his head:
" Somebody's darling lies buried here !"
MARCHING THROUGH GEORGIA.
HENRY C. WORK.
Bring the good old bugle, boys! We'll sing another song. Sing it with the spirit that will start the world along — Sing it as we used to sing it, fifty thousand strong, \\^hile we were marching through Georgia.
chorus:
"Hurrah! hurrah! we bring the jubilee! Hurrah! hurrah! the flag that makes you free!" So we sing the chorus from Atlan'a to the sea, While we were marching through Georgia.
How the darkies shouted when they heard the joyful sound! How the turkeys gobbled, which our. commissary found! How the sweet potatoes even started from the ground, While we were marching through Georgia.
Chorus.
406 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Yes, and there were Union men who wept with joyful
tears, When they saw the honored flag they had not seen for
years; Hardly could they be restrained from breaking off in cheers, While we were marching through Georgia.
Chorus.
"Sherman's dashing Yankee boys will never reach the
coast!" So the saucy rebels said; and 'twas a handsome boast, Had they not forgot, alas, to reckon with the host, While we were marching through Georgia.
Chorus.
So we made a thoroughfare for freedom and her train, Sixty miles in latitude — three hundred to the main; Treason fled before us, for resistance was in vain. While we were marching through Georgia.
Chorus.
But the march is not yet finished, nor will we yet disband. While still a trace of treason remains to curse the land. Or any foe against the flag uplifts a threatening hand. For we've been marching through Georgia.
Chorus.
When Right is in the White House, and Wisdom in her
seat. The reconstructed senators and congressmen to greet. Why then we may stop marching and rest our weary feet, For we've been marching through Georgia.
Chorus.
SONGS AND POETRY OF THE WAR. 4O7
TRAMP! TRAMP! TRAMP!
GEORGE F. ROOT.
In the prison cell I sit, thinking, mother dear, of you, And our bright and happy days so far away,
And the tears they fill my eyes, spite of all that I can do, Though I try to cheer my comrades and be gay.
chorus:
Tramp, tramp, tramp, the boys are marching,
Cheer up, comrades, they will come; And beneath the starry flag we shall breathe the air again
Of the freeland in our own beloved home.
In the battle front we stood when their fiercest charge they made, And they swept us off, a hundred men or more; But before we reached their lines they were beaten back dismayed, And we heard the cry of vict'ry o'er and o'er.
Chorus: Tramp, tramp, tramp, etc.
So within the prison cell we are waiting for the day That shall come to open wide the iron door.
And the hollow eye grows bright, and the poor heart almost gay, As we think of seeing home and friends once more.
Chorus: Tramp, tramp, tramp, etc.
408 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
WHEN JOHNNY COMES MARCHING HOME.
p. S. GILMORE.
When Johnny comes marching home again, hurrah, hurrah We'll give him a hearty welcome then, hurrah, hurrah!
The men will cheer, the boys will shout.
The ladies they will all turn out. And we'll all feel gay
When Johnny comes marching home.
The old church-bell wiil peal with joy, hurrah, hurrah!
To welcome home our darling boy, hurrah, hurrah! The village lads and lasses say With roses they will strew the way,
And we'll all feel gay
When Johnny comes marching home.
Get ready for the jubilee, hurrah, hurrah!
We'll give the hero three times three, hurrah, hurrah!
The laurel wreath is ready now
To place upon his loyal brow, And we'll all feel gay
W^hen Johnny comes marching home.
Let love and friendship, on that day, hurrah, hurrah!
Their choicest treasures then display, hurrah, hurrah! And let each one perform some part To fill with joy the warrior's heart,
And we'll all' feel gay
When Johnny comes marching home.
SONGS AM) POETKV OF THE WAR. 409
TENTING ON THE OLD CAMP GROUND.
WALTER KITTREDGE.
We're tenting to-night on the old catnp ground.
Give us a song to cheer Our weary hearts, a song of home,
And friends we love so dear.
chorus: Many are the hearts that are weary to-night,
Wishing for the war to cease. Many are the hearts looking for the right.
To see the dawn of peace. Tenting to-night, tenting to-night, Tenting on the old camp ground.
We've been tenting to-night on the old camp ground,
Thinking of days gone by, Of the lo^d ones at home that gave us the hand
And the tear that said "good-by." Chorus.
We are tired of war on the old camp ground.
Many are the dead and gone Of the brave and true who've left their homes,
Others been wounded long. Chorus.
We've been fighting to-day on the old camp ground,
Many are lying near; Some are dead, and some are dying, Many are in tears.
chorus: Many are the hearts that are weary to-night,
Wishing for the war to cease. Many are the hearts looking for the right.
4IO SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
To see the dawn of peace. Dying to-night, dying to-night. Tenting on the old camp ground, Dying on the old camp ground.
BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC.
JULIA WARD HOWE.
Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord; He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath
are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible Swift
Sword;
His truth is marching on.
I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling
camps; They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and
damps; I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring
lamps;
His day is marching on.
I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnish'd rows of steel; "As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace
shall deal; Let the Hero born of woman crush the serpent with his heel, Since God is marching on."
He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call
retreat; He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment seat; Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! be jubilant my feet! Our God is marching on.
SONGS AND POETRY OF THE WAR. 4II
In the beauty of the lihes Christ was born across the Sea, With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me; As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free. While God is marching on.
THE BATTLE CRY OF FREEDOM.
GEO. F. ROOT.
Yes, we'll rally round the flag, boys, We'll rally once again, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom; We will rally from the hillside. We will rally from the plain. Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
chorus: The Union forever! Hurrah, boys, hurrah! Down with the traitors, up with the stars; Whil^we rally 'round the flag, boys,
Rally once again, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
We aresprin<^ing to the call Of our brothers gone before. Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom; And we'll fill the vacant ranks With a million freemen more. Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
Chorus.
We will welcome to our number The loyal, true and brave, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom; And although he may be poor. He shall never be a slave. Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
Chorus.
412 SIXTY- EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
We are springing to the call, From the East and from the West, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom. And we'll hurl the rebel crew From the land we love the best, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
We are marching to the field, boys, Going to the fight,
Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom; And we'll bear the glorious stars Of the Union and the Right, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
We'll meet the rebel host, boys. With fearless hearts and true, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom; And we'll show what Uncle Sam Has for loyal men to do, Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
If we fall amid the fray, boys,
We will face them to the last.
Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom;
And our comrades brave shall hear us,
As we are rushing past.
Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
Yes, for Liberty and Union We are springing to the fight. Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom; And the Victory shall be ours. Forever rising in our might. Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom.
Chorus.
Chorus.
Chorus.
Chorus.
Chorus.
SONGS AND POETRY OF THE WAR. 413
JOHN BROWN'S BODY.""
john Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave, John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave. John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave. But his soul is marching on!
Glory, glory, hallelujah! Glory, glory, hallelujah! Glory, glory, hallelujah!
His soul is marching on.
He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord, He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord, He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord. But his soul is marching on!
Glory, etc.
John Browji's knapsack is strapped upon his back, John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back, John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back. And his soul is marching on!
Glory, etc.
His pet lambs will meet him on the way. His pet lambs will meet him on the way. His pet lambs will meet him on the way. As they go marching on!
Glory, etc.
*Fiist adopted by the Twelfth Massachusetts X'olunteers, com- manded by Col. Fletcher Webster, and this regiment sang it as they marched down Broadway, in New York, July 24, 1861. It was soon taken up by the Nation at large, and thousands of soldiers marched to the tight under the inspiration of the name of John Brown. It was the song of the hour.
414 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
They'll hang Jeff Davis on a sour apple tree, They'll hang Jeff Davis on a sour apple tree. They'll hang Jeff Davis on a sour apple tree, As they go marching on!
Glory, etc.
Now three rousing cheers for the Union. Now three rousing cheers for the Union, Now three rousing cheers for the Union, As we go marching on!
Glory, etc.
KINGDOM COMING.
HENRY C. WORK.
Say, darkeys, hab you seen de massa
Wid de tnuffstas on his face. Go long de road some time dis mornin'
Like he gwine to leab de place ? He seen a smoke, way up de river
Whar de Linkum gunboats lay ; He took his hat an' lef berry sudden,
An' I spec he's run away !
chorus:
De massa run, ha! ha!
De darkeys stay, ho! ho! It must be now de kingdom coming,
An' de year of Jubilo !
He six foot one way, two foot tudder, An' he weigh three hundred pound. His coat so big he couldn't pay de tailor,
t
SONGS AND POETRY OF THE WAR. 4 I 5
An' it won't ^o half way round. He drill so much dey call him cap'an,
An he get so dreffuU tann'd, I spec he try an fool dem yankees,
For to tink he's contraband.
Chorus.
De oberseer he make us trouble,
An' he dribe us round a spell ; We lock him up in de smoke-house cellar,
Wid de key trown in de well. De whip is lost, de han'cuff broken,
But de massa '11 hab his pay ; He's ol' enough, big enough, ought to know better
Dan to went an' run away.
Chorus.
KILLED AT THE FORD.
H. W. LONGFELLOW.
He is dead, the beautiful youth,
The heart of honor, the tongue of truth;
He, the light and life of us all.
Whose voice was blithe as a bugle call,
Whom all eyes followed with one consent.
The cheer of whose laugh, and whose pleasant word
Hushed all murmurs of discontent.
Only last night as we rode along,
Down the dark of the mountain gap,
To visit the picket-guard at the ford.
Little dreaming of any mishap.
He was humming the words of some old song.
Two red roses he had on his cap,
And another he bore at the point of his sword."
4l6 SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, I. V. I.
Sudden and swift, a whistling ball
Came out of the wood, and the voice was still ;
Something I heard in the darkness fall,
And for a moment my blood grew chill;
I spake in a whisper, as he who speaks
In a room where some one is lying dead ;
But he made no answer to what I said.
We lifted him up to his saddle again.
And through the mire and the mist and the rain.
Carried him back to the silent camp.
And laid him as if asleep on his bed;
And I saw by the light of the surgeon's lamp
Two white roses upon his cheeks,
And one, just over his heart, blood red !
And I saw in a vision how far and tieet
That fatal bullet went speeding forth,
Till it reached a to^vn in the distant North,
Till it reached a house in a sunny street,
Till it reached a heart that ceased to beat
Without a murmur, without a cry ;
And a bell was tolled in that far off town,
For one who had passed from cross to crown,
And the neighbors wondered that she should die.
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