QL6 71 '063 FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY THE OOLOGIST, FOR THE STUDENT OF BIRDS, THEIR NESTS AND EGGS. VOLUME XVIII ALBION. N. Y.: FRANK H. L ATT IN, M. D., PUBLISHEB. 1901. A. M. EDDY. PRINTER AND BINDER. INDEX TO VOL. XVIII. Alaska Notes, -172 Albino Eggs of Sialia sialis 121 Albinoes, More- 43 Bird Life of a Virginia Island, 118 Bird Music, 8, 24 Bird Notes from California, Winter 10 Birds Capture Their Prey, How Some. .101, 122, 137, 153 Birds of Michigan and Their Protection, The 21 Birds of South Jersey, Notes on Two 106 Bittern, American 103 Bittern Observed in Pennsylvania, Least 44 Blackbird, Red-winged. 38, 43 Bluebird, _ 38, 181 Bobolink, - ..9 Bob-white, 44, 106 Books, New 107, 141 Bush-tit, California 11 California, Winter Bird Notes from 10 California, Western Red-tailed Hawk in Orange County, _ 69 "Canadian Birds" By J. Macoun: A Review,- .44 Catbird, The Food Supply of the 149 Caustic Potash 90, 122, 151 Concerning Data, _ 140 Consideration, A 88 Cowbird, 39 Chickadee, Black-capped 39, 43 Crane, Little Brown 139 Crow, American 54 Crow, Fish 106 Creeper, Brown ■. 42, 154 Cuckoo, Black-billed 122.153 Cuckoo's 24 Data, Concerning 140 Dove, Mourning 39 Duck, Wood 21, 39 Eggs, Packing for Shipment 40 Eggs, Use of Caustic Potash for Incubated - 90, 122, 151 Eggs, Use of Pancreation on Incubated... 122, 151 Finch, Purple 38 Flicker, .123 Flycatcher, Great Crested 138 Food Supply, Baltimore Oriole 134 Food Supply, Brown Thrasher i86 Food Supply, Catbird 149 Food Supply Mockingbird i87 Food Supply, House Wren. 170 Gleanings from My Notebook, 37, 59, 71 Goldfinch, American- 42 Grackle, Bronzed 39 Grosbeak, Evening 106 Grosbeak, Pine- 42 Grouse. Oregon Ruffed 63 Grouse, Pinnated _ 106 Grouse, Ruffed 42 Grouse, Sooty 63 Gull, American Herring. 37 Gull, Laughing ng Hawk, Cooper's 12, 184 Hawk, Duck- 139 Hawk, European Sparrow 26 Hawk, Harlan's 71 Hawk in Central Illinois, The Red-tailed .61 Hawk, Krider's 27 41 Hawk, Nesting of the Broad-winged 5 Hawk, Red-shouldered, _ 12. 40, 59, 71 Hawk, Red-tailed 26, 40, 59, 71, 153 Hawk, Swainson's 42 Hawk, Western Red-tailed 69 Heron, Great Blue 104, 153 How Some Birds Capture their Prey,. .101, 1S2, 137,153 Hummingbird, Broad-tailed Nesting Habits of tbe _ 133 Hummingbird, Calliope igg Hummingbird, Ruby-throated 73, 138 Illinois, The Red-tailed Hawk in Central 61 Iowa Notes _ 73 Incubated Eggs, Preparing for Cabinet 90,122,151 Jottings,. 139 Junco, Slate colored _ 39 Junior World's Exposition, 140, 143 Kildeer,- 33 Kingbird 138, 139 Kingfisher, Belted 123 Lark, Homed 38 Loxgilla portoricensis , _ 74 Maine, Warblers found Breeding in Liver- more _i8i Index. THE OOLOGIST. Mallard 39 Manitoba, Field Notes from...... 26,41 Maternal Solicitude. An Example of 18S Merlin, 26 Michigan, The Aceipter Cooperii in Wayne and Oakland counties, 184 Michigan, The Birds o<— and Their Protection 21 Mockingbird, -11 Music, Bird 8, 24 Nests, The Use of Old 12 Nests, Some Twice Occupied- 120, 136 Nesting Habits of the Broad-tailed Humming- bird, - 133 Nesting of the Broad-winged Hawk, 5 Nesting Sites of ilfe;o»pi2;a/ascia^a,unusual.l22 Nesting, Queer 62 New Jersey, Notes on Two Birds of South 106 Nighthawk 138 Notes, Iowa 73 Notes on Two Birds of South Jersey, 106 Nuthatch, Red-breasted _ 43 Nuthatch, White-breasted 43 Oologlat? Who is an 53 Oriole, The Food Supply of The Baltimore.. 134 Osprey, American 102, 107 Oven-bird, 8, 73, 183 Owl, Barred 12 Owl, A Handsome Little 85 Owl, Great Horned 122 Owl, The Spotted 165 Owl, Western Horned 27, 86, 155, 167 Oystercatcher, American 119 Pan-American Notes 75, 90, 125, 142 Pancreatin on Incubated Eggs, Use of--122, 151 Partridge, Mountain 62 Pelican, Brown 102 Pennsylvania, Least Bittern Observed in 44 Pheasant, Ring 62 Phoebe, 39 Pigeon, Passenger 117 Pipit, American 11 Plover, Wilscm's 119 Rail, Clapper 118 Redstart, American 153, 184 Robin, American 38, 44, 154 Robin, Western 10 Sapsucker. Yellow-bellied 123 Sets, Two Odd 54 Shrike, Great Northern 37,42, 154 Shrike White-rumped 8 Skimmer, Black 119 Snowfiake, 42 Surprises. Some 153 Sparrow, Chipping .84 Sparrow, English. 43 Sparrow, Golden-crowned II Sparrow, Intermediate II Sparrow, Seaside 119 Sparrow, Song 37, 42, 132 Sparrow, Vesper 9 Sparrow, White-crowned 11 Swallow, Rough-wing 153 Swallow Tree 39 Swift, Chimney 138 Tern, Common 119 Tern, Forster's 118, Tern, Gull-billed 130 Thrush, Dwarf Hermit 10 Thrush, Varied ..10 Timely and to the Point .40 Trogon, Coppery-tailed .171 Twice Occupied Nests and Other Notes, Some 120, 136 Unusual Nesting Sites of Melospiza fasciata 122 Vireo, Warbling .35 Virginia Island, Bird Life of a ..118 Vulture, The Turkey 87 Warbler. Audubon's 10 Warbler, Black and White 181 Warbler, Blackburnian 182 183 Warbler, Black-throated Green 183 Warbler, Cape May 139 Warbler, Chestnut-sided 183 Warbler, Canadian 184 Warbler, Hoover's -10 Warbler, Magnolia 182 Warbler, Myrtle 182 Warbler, Nashville 181 Warbler, Northern Parula 181 Warbler, Pine 183 Warbler, Yellow 182 Warblers Found Breeding in Livermore, Maine 181 Waxwing, Cedar 11, 154 Wisconsin Hash .105 Whip-poor-will, 72, 138 Woodpecker, Golden- winged (Flicker), 123 Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied (Sapsucker) 123 Wren, House 105 Wren, The Food Supply of the House .170 Yellow-legs 43 Yellow-throat, Maryland 72, 184 The Oologist. A MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. VOL. XVIII. NO. 1. ALBION, N. Y., JAN., 1901. Whole No. 172 Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales. Brief special announcements, "Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," lnsert;ed In tills departmect f oj 25c per 25 words. Notices over 25 words, charged at the rate of one-half cent per each additional word. No notice Inserted for less than 25c. Terms, cash with order. Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted In payment at one-third list rates. W^hat's Your Number? Examine the number following your name on the wrapper of this month's Oologist. It denotes when your subscription expired or will expire. No. 172 your subscription expires with this issue 175 " " " " Apr., 1901 180 " " " " Sept., '• 184 " '• " " Dec, " Intermediate numbers can easily be deter- mined. If we have you credited wrong we wish to rectify. A RARE BARGAIN!— One fine buffalo over- coat, price SlOO.Oa J. W. PRESTON, Baxter, Iowa. 1 WILL PAY CASH for heavy marked sets of Red-shouldered and Red-tailPd Hawks. If you have such send description and state price wanted. H. C. HIGGINS, Cincinnatus, N. Y. FOR SALE.— Ginseng Seed, the coming money maker, also for exchange Al sets 194, 197, 326. 339, 428, 491 and many others. Send for list. J B. HINE, East Onondaga, N. Y. WANTED.— Fisher's Hawks and Owls of N. A. (illustrated) for cash, also some back Nos. of Osprey and Nidologist. What have you'^ J. MERTON SWAIN, Waterville, Maine. FOR EXCHANGE.— Complete file Natural Science News, 66 copies; 2 Columbian half dollars; 12 back Nos. Osprey; Vols. I, II, III, Museum; 1 Bristol Steel Trolling Rod, never used but twice. Wanted birds eggs In sets with complete data. ERNEST L HALEY, Rangeley Maine. WANTED AT ONCE.— Osprey Vol. I, Nos. 2, 4; Nidologist Vol. I, Nos. 2, 4. 6; Ornitholo- gist Vol. I, No. 6; Oregon Natvu-alist Vol. I, Nos S, 3, 4; Museum, all Vol. VI; Iowa Orni- thologist, Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 4: Vol. II, No. 1; Vol. IV, Nos. 1, 3 and 4; Popular Science News Vol. 32, Nos. 1, 2 and U; Midland Monthly, June and August, '97, and many others. Will give cash or good exchange in sets and singles or books such as "Tenney's Zoology," "Dana's Geology," etc. ALBERT F. GANIER, Bow- mar Ave., Vlcksburg, Miss. CHOICE SETS of 499, 581c, 591b and 519 to ex- change for common Eastern sets. Want five or six sets of each species. Lattin's list used. J. S. APPLETON, Simi, Ventura Co., Cal. SNAP!— High scoring, pedigreed, Belgian Hare, doe, to exchange for best offer of eggs, skins, mounted birds or curios. South Dakota sets for sets and singles. H. E. Lee. Bryant, S. D. MANY FINE EGGS of this locality, such as Hawks, Owls, Vireos, Flycatchers, Wrens and others to exchange for eggs not in my collec- tion. I will have on hand a great many eggs, both sets and singles, this coming season. All egg.s collected by my.'^elf are strictly first class and sets are originals accompanied with full datas. If you wish to make a good exchange here is your chance. Send list and receive mine. Fair dealing. In exchanging I use Taylor's Standard Catalogue as a basis. ADOLF SCHUTZE, 1611 Sabine Street, Austin, Travis Co., Texas. TO EXCHANGE.— Over 1000 different stamps including complete set of unused Omaha issue, in large album; some copies of Osprey and about 100 arrow points. For southern or east- em land shells, beetles, gciod mountable bird skins or Al sets. PAUL B. SMITH, Box 2, E. Cleveland, Ohio. COLUMBIA, HARTFORD and Wolf-Ameri- can Bicycles, new and second-hand; fishing rods and tackle, guns, rifles, cameras, most any article for out door sport and nature study. Prices right. I want strictly first class sets of eggs in part or full payment. Write me stating wants and send list of eggs. Will quote low cash prices. Can save you money. BENJAMIN HOAG, Stephentown, N. Y. TO EXCHANGE.— Sets of 487. 187, 367, 36 for common sets. Have you my last price lists? If not you should drop me a postal at once. I have everything you need. ERNEST H. SHORT, Rochester, N. Y. EXCHANGE —Field or marine glass, cost $16, extension hoods, shoulder straps, leather case, "Leflls, Paris,'' for sets, O. & O. books or cash. Sets preferred. E. R. FORREST, Washington, Pa. THE OOLOGIST. "Would say my ad. in Oologist for un- mounted sea mosses has brought me specimens enough to cover a surface 12 ft. square. I think the Oologist is the best advertising medium for collectors in America." WM. CUDNEY, Gait, Ont. BELGIAN HARES.— Employed persons may make money raising them. Pleasant, profit- able and requires but little time, money or space. Let me start you. R. A. POWELL, 135 E. 5th St , St. Paul, Minn. MIDWINTER BARGAINS in sets of flrst- class eggs:— Holboell's Grebe, 1-3, 15c; St. Do- mingo Grebe, 1-5, 12c; Pigeon GuUemot. 1-2, 15c; Razor-billed Auk, 1-1. 12c; Ring-billed Gull, 12, 8c; Caspian Tern. 1-2, 12c; Black Tern, 1-2, 5-3, 4c; Black Skimmer, 13 2, 6c; Ashy Petrel, 4-1, $1; Booby, 1-2, 40c; Faralone Cormorant, 1-3, 15c; Brandt's Cormorant, 1-2, 8c; Baldpate, 1-9, 25c; Am. Elder, 1-4, 15c; Canada Goose, 1-5, 50c; White-faced Glossy Ibis, 3.4, 12c; American Bittern, 3-5, 20c; Least Bittern, 1-4, 1-5, 5c; Great Blue Heron, 3, 4, 5 10c; Little Blue Heron, 1-4, 4c; Black-crovraed Nightheron, 5-3, T-4, 5c; Limpkin, 1-5, 25c; King Rail, 1-7, 9c; Clapper Rail, 18, 4c; Fla. Gallinule, 1-9, 4c; European Coot, 1-7 6c; Am. Coot, 1-6, 3c; Red Phalarope, 1-4, 35c; Northern Phalarope, 1-4, 25c; Am. Avocet, 1-3, 15c; Black-necked Stilt, 3, 4, 12c; Killdeer, 2-3, &-4, 6c; Belted Piping Plover, 1-3, 1-4; Scaled Quail, 9, 19, 11, 12, 15c; Ring Pheasant, 1-11, 10c; Willow Ptarmigan, 1-7, 25c; Rock Ptarmigan, 110, 'SSc; Prairie Hen, 1-11 6c; Turkey Vulture. 2-8, 2!ic; Black Vulture, 2 2, 35c; Cooper's Hawk, 1-3, 10c; Har- ris' Hawk, 2-2, lOc: Swainson's Hawk, 7-2, 12c; Golden Eagle, 1-1, f3..50; Am. Sparrow Hawk, 1-3, lOc; Audubon's Caracara, 2-3 5 2, 30c; Western Horned Owl, 1-2, 35c; Roadrunner, 9-4, 5c; Yellow-bill-- d Cuckoo, 1-3, 5c; Belted King- fisher, 1-5, 8c; Chimney Swift, 1-3, 1-5, 5c; Scis- sor-tail Flycatcher, 3, 4, 5, 4c; Alder Flycatch- er, 1-3, 3c; Least Flycatcher, 1-4, 5; White- necked Raven, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12c ; Am. Crow, 4-4- 3-5, 2c; Starling, 2-4, 5c; Bobolink, 1-5, 15c; Yellow- headed Blackbird, 1-3. 2c; Bicolored Blackbird, 1-3, 1-4, 3c; Orchard Oriole, 4. 5, 2c; Baltimore Oriole, 14, 3c; Bullock's Oriole, 1-4, 3c; Bronzed Grackle, 1-3, 2-5, l 6, 2c; Purple Grackle, 1-3, 1-4, 3c; Great-tailed Grackle, 3, 4, 5, 3c. Am. Goldfinch, 1-4, 3c; Lark Sparrow, 3, 4, 5. 3c; Black-throated Sparrow, 1-4, 10c; Cassin's Sparrow, 1-3, 30c; Song Sparrow, 2 4, 5-5, Ic; Samuel's Song Sparrow, 1-4, 3c; Abert's Tow- hee, 2-3, 20c; Lark hunting, 1-4, 9c; Cliff Swal- low, 2-4, Ic; Barn Swallow, 1-4, 2c; White- rumped Shrike, 1-5, 1-6, 4c; White eyed Vlreo, 1-3, 4c; Bell's Vireo, 3, 4, 5, 3c; Yellow Warbler, 2-3,1-4, Ic; Redstart, 1-4, 4c ; Meadow Plppit, 1-4, 5c; Catbird. 3, 4, 5, Ic; Rock Wren, 1-4, 35c; Long-billed Marsh Wren, 4, 5, 3c; Chickadee, 1-3, 1-4, 5c; California Bushtit, 1-4, 5; Wood Thrush, 2 3, 3c; Bluebird, 2-5, 3c; Plain Tit- mouse. 1-6, 10c; Red-shafted Flicker, 2 5, 5c; Black Phoebe. 1-4, 5c; Parkman's Wren, 1-7, 4c: Pileated Woodpecker, 1-2, $1.50; Russet-backed Thrush, 1-4, 5o; Bald Eagle, 11, (cracked at blowhole) 76c; Kidder's Hawk, 1.3, (large holes) 15c; Caracara, 1-3, (large holes) 15c; Black Vulture, 1-2, (large holes) 10c. The above prices are per egg, post-paid, but smaller orders than $3 are not desired. Special! a first class set of four eggs each of White-faced Glossy Ibis and Black necked Stilt will be sent prepaid on receipt of II. J. M. & JAMES J. CARROLL, Waco, Texas. WANTED.— Sets of eggs containing abnor- mal specimens, such as runts, albinos, mon- strocities, abnormally colored or shaped eggs. Will give cash or good exchange. J. WARREN .JACOBS, Waynesburg, Pa. 101 CHOICE southern sets of Royal Tern, Brown Pelican, Willet, Wilson's Plover, Laughing Gull. Clapper Rail, Black Skinner for sale very cheap or exchange sets or singles. DR. M. T. CLECKLEY, 457 Greene St., Augusta, Ga. 3t I send you today some ads for your excellent paper. I must say that ads in your paper al- ways pay.— CHRIS P. FORGE, Carman, Mani- toba. HEAR YE ! Hear Ye ! Hear Ye 1 This is to certify that my advertisements in the Oolo- gist have paid me better than have the com- bined ads. in most of the amateur and natural science papers. Ads. in the Oologist always bring returns, and it is safe to say that there is no paper having three times the circulation of this widespread periodical which can give equal satisfaction. MORRIS GIBBS, M. D., Kalamazoo, Mich MAKE MONEY.— By securing a county agency for our New Edition of the Reversible U. S. and World Map. This map is 66x46 in. in size, being the largest one-sheet map pub- lished; mounted on sticks ready to^hang; elev- en beautiful colors. One side shows a grand map of our great country and inset maps of its new possessions. The other side shows an equally good map of the world. On receipt of $1.25 we will send a sample copy by prepaid express, and will inform you how to obtain a trial agency. Our men clear from $15.00 to $35.00 weekly after a month's work. Maps can be returned if not satisfactory. Yours truly, RAND, McNALLY & COMPANY, 160-174 Adams St., Chicago, Ills. 172 PLATE HOLDER— Double, by,xb%, Blair Camera Co., ($1.00), prepaid 34c. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion N. Y. CODDINGTON MAGNIFIER(Miners' glass), diameter ^In, cost $1.50, prepaid 95cts. FRANK H. LATTIN,Albion, N. Y. "SNAPS"fortaxidermist3.7in.Stuffers, spring handle (1.25), 80c ; Scissor-handle Stuffers, i2in. ($1.75), $1.05; Scissor-handle Stuffer, 15in, ($2.50) $1.60; Bone Cutters, extra fine and heavy, ($2.50) ' $1.60; Forceps for Insects ($1.25) 78c; Botanical Collecting Can with shoulder strap, size 12x754 x3)i in. ($1.50) $1.10; Tenaculum or Dissecting Hook, folding in handle ($1) 28c. All prepaid at prices quoted, regular prices in ( ). FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. TAXIDERMIST'S OUTFIT:— Contains one heavy Cartilage Knife; 1 nickeled and engrav- ed Scalpel with tip shaped for detaching skin, muscles, &c; 1 pair Scissors; 1 pair Forceps; 1 Dissecting Hook; 1 Brain Spoon; 1 pocket Wire Cutter. Instruments best, all packed in polished Hard-wood Case. A better outfit than the one always sold at $3. I have only two outfits and will close them out at only $2.20 prepaid. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. "I don't know whether my ad. has reached its time limit yet or not, but stop it any way. My supply of exchange material was exhaust- ed some time ago and replies to the ad. still come in. F. P. DRO WNE, 20 Benefit St.. Prov- idence, R. I. WANTED.— Buyer for case stuffed birds. One (each) Hoot Owl, Screech Owl, Barn Owl, Blue Jay, Pheasant and young. Snipe, two Wild Pigeons, three Wild Ducks, Quail, Blue Jay, Redbird, Hummingbird, Mink. Gray Squirrel, Red Squirrel, Alligator and several others, 30 in all ; elegantly mounted. Make an offer. F. W. GATES, Chattanooga, Tenn. 172 THE OOLOGIST. COLLiECTORS will do well to send early lists of fresh taken eggs. Al in all respects. Will pay cash or give good exchange. Give lowest cash price. I have to exchange : Black-chinned Humm r n-2, Bobwhite 1-11, Claycoloied Spar- row 6-4. Franklin's Gull 1-2, White-neck Raven 1-4 1-5 1-6, Caracara 1-3, Louisiana Heron 1-4, Black-necked Stilt 4-4. Great White Heron 1-4; one good egg with data of the New Zealand Spteryx, very rare, for cash er choice ex- •change; and Vol. I Auk, best offer. J. W. PRESTON, Baxter, la. WILL EXCHANGE for Mounted Birds or eggs in sets the following Mounted Birds: Evening Grosbeak. Varied Thrush. Curve- billed Thrasher, Am. Three-toed Woodpecker, Young Owl in Down, Louisiana Tanager, Stella's Jay. Eggs: 1-3 Chuck-wills-widow. Skins: Phainopepla; Nashville, Blue-winged, Kentucky, Magnolia, Black- throated. Blue Warblers: Snowflake, Pine Siskin and Am. Crossbill. Send in your liPts. Reply to all. GEO. H. SWEZEY, 66-79 Jackson St., Newark, N.J. RARE WAR RELICS for sale:— Cuban Ma- chete $2, American Machete, bone handle $2.85, Spanish Bayonet 20-inch blade $1.50, Spanish Cartridge Box $2. The following are Civil War Relics: Haversack 50c, Knapsack $1 25, Bridle with Bits Complete $2, Canteen $1, Navy Re- volver 13, Navy Revoivfr Holsters 50c, Confed- erate Powder Bag 75c, Enfield Sword Bayonet ■< Confederate) $1, Spade Bayonet (1776) $2,50, Musket Flints 10c. Don't delay. Inclose stamp for particulars. TEEL & CO. Williams- port, Pa. OOLOGISTS WANTED:— Will pay 50cts. each cash for one of each June 1888, and April 1889, and will give an exchange notice, or cou- pon good for one, for copies of the January 1895 and April 1899 issue, a notice for each copy. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. YOU ARE INTERESTED in Something? Why not get all the best things printed about it? We read and clip thousands of newspapers and magazines every week, therefors we can help you make up a scrap book on your favor- ite hobby. Will take Natural History Speci- mens in exchange. Send for our booklet, which explains the scope of the clipping indus- try. 20TH CENTURY PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU, New York Life Building, Chicago. ■ WANTED:— Will pay casli or "swap" eggs of American Osprey and Hummingbirds (any species with nest). Two good skins of each the Am. Barn and Long-eared Owls, Rattle- snake Rattles, Eggs of Hammerhead Shark. Write what you have and what you want. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. NOTICE:— I have retired from the farm and expect to devote more time to collecting. Hoping to hear from old correspoddents I am yours DELOS HATCH, Oakfield, Wis. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE:— First class sets of 1 1-3, 191 1-4, 142 1-11,146 1-16,228 1-4, 273 1-4, 308 1-11, 388 1-2. 387 1-2, 325 1-2, 501b 1-5, 676 15, 735 1-6, 751 n-4. , several large Bahama Starfish; large collection of foreign stamps. Write what you can offer. GEORGE J. TILLS, Gaines, N. Y. EGG EXCHANGE:— I offer nicely prepared, authentic sets of the following in exchange for sets I can use: 79a. 93, 107, 116, 286.1, 288. 408. 449, 450, 498b, 520, 549 550, 611.1, 615, 729, 708. In sending list of duplicates it would be well to mention how many of each species you have to exchange as I can use series of most kinds. JAMES P. BABBITT, Taunton, Mass. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE, price per set prepaid: Whimbrel 5-4. 48c: Northern Phal- arope 5-4, 60c; Red-throated Loon 5-2. 50c; Rich Ptarmigan 5-1,0 $2.00; Dunlin 5-4, 48c; White- faced Glossy Ibis 5-4, 80c: many others. Send for list. D. WILBY, 27 Front Street West, To- ronto, Ont. FOR SALE:— U. S. large cents, two -cent coppers, different dates, 5 cents each ; Indian War Clubs $1.00; Moccasin, 40cts. to $1.50 ac- cording to size. JNO. J. PRICE, 1382 7th St., res Moines, la. EXCHANGE:— I have a mounted Hutchins's Goose taken in Western New York which I will exchange for mounted Snowy Owl or any desirable showy mount. CORNELIUS F. POSSON, Medina, N. Y. WANTED FOR C ASH :— Ridgway's book, '•Nomenclature of Colors." State lowest cash price. Perfect your files, I have several copies of Auks, Nids,,0. &. O., Oologists and Ospreys to exchange. JAMES H. HILL, New London, Conn. 3 3 3 Naturalists Book Shop NEWMAN r. McGIRR 2102 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ^ Just issued, List Number ii. zS (Invertebrata, including Entomology, etc.) ^ E BOOKS BOUGHO^. OATAIaOG KREEl. 3 THE OOLOGIST. 20th Century Bargains. CURIOS. (LAND). Aztec Pottery. Patzcuaro, Mex. Bowl, irridescent ware, slightly cracked $ 25 Imitation Fruits, various forms colored... 20 Monnd Builders', Pottery. Western New York pieces, plain 06 decorated 10 Lai ge piece of bowl, N. H ^ 85 Pueblo Pottery. Arizona. Fine pieces showing the beautiful decora- tions in colors, silver and gilt 05.. 25 Modern Relics, buckskin. Awl Sheath beaded all over, Sioux 35 Money-bag; Navajo, bead and colored hair decoration _ 50 Money-bag: Ute, beaded in mystical de- sign _ 60 Bucks-beads, talisman, Shoshone, double string, extra tine 75 Sioux Arrow-shafts, picked up by Army Officer on site of Rosebud massacre, S. D., points left in victims 17 Gun-flints, French and Indian period, Penn. or Mich 08 Tuscarora Ceremonial Clubs, 15 in., stained in colors 75 Package Blackfoot Tobacco, "Killickinick" 05 Chinese Coin. 'Cash" 03 Porcupine Quill, S. Am 08 " African 25 Buffalo Horn, scriped but not polished, a good one 78 '■Kriss" Malay Sword, carved ebony hilt, scrolled brass and laquer scabbard, fine condition 2 75 Egg of Alligator, worth 25 18 •• " Gopher, worth 50 32 •• ■' Red-leg Turtle, worth 10 04 ■' " Snapping Turtle, worth 15 05 Icoholic specimens as curios or for school purposes: Grape-vine Beetle, (Pelidnota) 05 50 for 160 Locust (Acridium) 03 50 to 100 at, each 01!4 Spiders, Salamanders, Snakes, etc.,prices on application. Mexican Policeman's Whistle 10 "Tapa," native cloth worn by Samoan Isl- anders 07 Po-1 of Sabre Bean, Cuba, 16 to 18 in 23 Bunch of "Wax-berries," Sarpindus 05 ••Resurrection Plants," Mexico, can be ex- panded and closed indefinitely 10 Nest of Trap-door Spider 20 Trap-door Spider mounted in box 48 "Tarantula" " " " 58 "Scorpion" " " •' 25 Chinese 'Horn-nut" 05 Confederate States Bills. $1, $5, $10 08 Alligator Tooth, worth 10 03 25 07 Betel Nut, chewed by Samoans to stain the teeth 12 CURIOS, (SEA). Marine Algee mounted on cards $ 04 " extra fine lO ' in neat shell frames 38 Acorn Barnacle, worth 15 06 " " worth 25 08 Fiddler Crab, worth 15 06 Horse-foot Crab, worth 35 _ 14 Hermit Crab in shell, worth 25 11 Sawfish Saw, worth 45 _ 19 Porcupine Fish, worth 25 17 35 26 45 33 Sea-horse. Atlantic 2? splned _ 25 " mammoth. Pacific 32: Pipe-fish, fine 50 Arm of Giant Serpent Starfish 06 ■'Aristotle's Lantern," dental apparatus of Sea Urchin 10 Lucky Tooth of Cod _ 02 Egg of Sand Shark 02 •' " Nurse ' _ 18 " " Hammerhead Shark 12- Egg Cases of Perriwinkle, fine long string 12 Shell, whorls broken out by Hermit Crab.. 10 Eyestone, Fla 03 Red Sea-bean. 2 for 03 Yellow Sea-bean 02 Black Sea-bean 02 Brown-banded Sea-bean 0-3 White Sea-bean _ Qib Smooth Sea-bean 05 Striped Sea-bean 02 Cassia Bean. 6 for 03- Black eyed Susan, 6 for 03 Mimosa. 12 for 03 Job's Tears, 3 for 05 Tooth of Sperm Whale 5a SPECIAL COLLECTIONS. Polished Woods; 22 varieties, sections 2^x2>:i; foreign and native, including Camphor, Mahogany. Sandal, Zebra, Ebony, etc.; worth $3.30. Thelotforonly.$l 80 Biological Specimens 25 varieties repre- senting 7 orders, all neatly put up in vials, preserved in Formalin and neatly and correctly labeled, listing at ?6 45. Well worth $5.00 to any Teacher. Class or Student in Zoology. By express at purchaser's expense, carefully packed 2 50 Sent Prepaid east of Mississippi River for .50c extra : west of Mississippi River 7.5c extra. SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF BIRDS ECCS. Specimens received since January list was printed: SETS Am Osprey. 3 $90 Am. Osprey, 2 60 Cabot's Tern, 2 35 Long tailed Jaeger, 1 60 Western Gull, 2 28 Rufous Hummer, nest and 2 65 Black-throated Green Warbler 3 60 Pufiin, 1 (curious runt) 20 SINGLES (rare). McFarlane's Screech Owl (partial data) $ 50 Wilson's Snipe, data 40 Gt. White Heron 75 Scaled Partridge 30 Gray Kingbird, data _ 20 Olive-sided Flycatcher, fine _ 60 Am. Raven. Rocky Mts _ 60 Red-eyed Cowbird 15 Black-whiskered Vireo 50 Canadian Warbler 45 Winter Wren 35 Leconte's Thrasher 65 Mountain Chickadee 15 Mockingbird, Costa Rica 40 Black Rail 1 00 Aleutian Leucosticte 80 Pacific Loon 70 Ring-neck Duck 40 White-tailed Hawk .35 Am. Goshawk 70 Unless you already have it, don't fail to send for the new (Jan. 1901) list of eggs. Always ad- dress, E. H. Short, Rochester, N. Y. The Oologist. VOL. XVIII. NO. 1. ALBION. N. Y., JAN., 1901. Whole No. 173 The Oologist. A Monthly Publication Devoted to OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor and Publisher, ALBION, N. Y. Correspondence and Items of Interest to tlie student of Birds, their Nests and Eggs, solicited from all. TERMS OP SUBSCRIPTION: Single subscription soc per annum Sample copies 5c each The above rates Include payment of postage. Each subscriber Is given a card good for a Want. Exchange or For Sale Notice. (This card is redeemable at any time within one year from date thereon.) Subscriptions can begin with any number. Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnished at reasonable rates. Send stamp for descrip- tions and prices. ^?"Remember that the publisher must be notl fled by letter when a subscriber wishes his paper stopped, and all arrearages must be paid. ADVERTISING RATES : 5 cents per nonpareil line each insertion. 12 lines in every inch. Seven Inches in a col- umn, and two columns to the page. Nothing Inserted for less than 25 cents. No "special rates," 5 cents per Une is "net." "rock bottom," "inside." "spot cash" rate from which there is no de\latlon and no commission to agents. If you wish to use 5 lines or less space It will cost you 2.5 cents; loo lines. fs.oO; 1000 lines, $50.00. "Trade" (other than cash) advertise- ments will be accepted by special arrangement only and at rates from double to five times cash rates. Due Bills and Cards payable in advertis- ing wUl be honored only at regrular rates in force at the date of issuance of said bill or card. Remittances shotild be made by Draft, Express or PostofBce Money Order, Registered Letter or Postal Note. Unused U. S . Postage Stamps of any denomination wUl be accepted for sums tm- der one dallar. Make Money Orders and Drafts payable and address all subscriptions and com- munications to FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, Orleans (Do., N. Y. ENTERED AT P. O. . ALBION. N. Y. AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. Nesting of the Broad-wingfed Hawk. On the 16th of May, 1895, while walk- ing through a grove of oaks on the edge of a marsh and within fifty yards of a small stream, I frightened a hawk from a nest twenty feet up in the crotch of an oak tree. I thought it was a Cooper's Hawk, al- though the plaintive cry it made as it perched amrng ihe branche.s of a tree, one hundred feet away, was new tome. It sounded like ''siggee,''"siggee," some- thing like a Kil deer, a Rose-breasted Grosbeak or the alarm cy of a Red- wing Blackbird. The cry was repeated constantly and had a somewhat ventrilcquial effect, so that it was hard to tell just where the birds were, especially as they kept pret- ty well out of sight and did not fly around much. When 1 reached the nest I found it to be about the size of a crow's, and built of sticks and twigs, rather c'umsily put together, and lined with a few pieces of bark and eight green oak leaves. It only contained two eggs and still think- ing the bird to be a Cooper's Hawk, I left it and did not go ba?k until the 20th, wben the hawk was again on thf^ nest. As no more eggs had been laid. I took the two, and on blowing found that in- cubation was about one-third advanced. The eggs are of a uniform dull white, one blotched and spotted at the larger end, and the other at the smaller end, with faint lilac, which has a clouded effect as if it was under the shell. They are rather small, measuring 1.87 x 1 47 and 1 93 X 1.52. After looking up the sut ject and getting the opinions of other oologists, I came to the conclusion that they were the eggs of Buteo latissimus. The following year, on May 26th, as I was passing through the same piece of woods, I thought I would take a look at the old nest, and as I drew near a hawk flew from a new one in anothertree not THE OOLOGIST. more than 30 feet from the one of the year before. This time I observed the bird closely and saw that it appeared a little smaller than a Cooper's Hawk and had a shorter tsil, and was not so noisy and aggressive. It flew into a poplar tree near by, where il was joined by its mate, and all the time I was near the nest they kept up the cry which is dis- tinctive of the species. The nest was about 30 feet up, composed of sticks and twigs, and lined with bark, green leaves and the down of poplar buds. It con- tained a very handsome set of three eggs, incubation about half done, and measuring 2.01 X 1.63, 2.01 x 1.63 and 1.99x1.60. They are spotted all over with brick(:red spots and dots so thickly that the ground color can not be seen, but the coloring is heaviest at the larger end on one egg, and at the smaller on the others. I was away during the next three years, but on May 10th of last year, while after a set of Long-oared Owls, within about one-half mile from where I found the nests in '95 and '96, I heard the now familiar cry again. The bird seemed to follow me wherever I went, although I only saw it once, and I could hear its cry for a long time. Taking the hint from the bird's actions, I went to the place where I had been successful before, but though there were several old nests in the vicinity, I saw nothing of the hawk until I had reached the far side of the wood about 300 yards 'away, when I heard it again close at hand. I looked around for a nest, and at first saw none, but finally discovered what appeared to be an old squirrel's habita- tion about 15 feet up in the crotch of a large black oak, growing on a narrow neck between two sloughs and with only a few other trees around. As the birds were both on hand sitting among the branches of trees near by, though out of sight, I thought it best to investi- gate, and with some difficulty on ac- count of the size of the tree, I got up to the nest. The crotch in which it was placed was formed by the junction of five branches with the main body of the tree and formed a very secure position. It was built on the remains of an old squirrel's nest and was composed of sticks and twigs, lined with pieces of bark, a few feathers, and some green twigs with the leaves on. It measured 14 X 18 inches in diameter on the out- side, was 14 inches deep outside, 7 inches in diameter inside and the hollow was 4 inches deep. It contained no eggs so I left it for a future visit. On the same day as I was pushing my way through an extensive woodof voung oak and poplar, which covered the sides of a high hill and was so grown up with underbrush as to be almost impenetra ble, I heard "siggee,'" "siggee'^ near by, but could see no bird. I soon found a nest in a small red oak, and then another and another, until I found five, all with- in fifty yards of the first one, none of them more than twenty feet up, but they all proved on examination to be old ones, so I gave it up for the time being. On the evening of the 17th, while out far a ride back of Lake Harriet and within the city limits of Minneapolis, and on high ground, mostly under cul- tivation, I saw a hawk fly from a small grove of oaks, which is about an acre in size and is within 500 yards of Minne- haha Creek. When returning about dusk, I stop- ped at the grove and pushed my way through the underbrush to the center of the grove, where I soon found a nest placed about 18 feet up in the forks of a small oak. The outside of the nest was rather loose and scraggy, and spread out so that I could not see whether there was a bird on or not, but a small stick tossed up brought Mrs. Broad-wing off the nest to alight on a tree near by and scold as long as I was near. The nest was rather wide and the de- pression very shallow and was lined THE OOLOGIST. with pieces of bark and a few green poplar twigs. Thie eggs, three in num- ber, are perfect "Red tails" in minia- ture, one being heavily marked with blotches of red, brown and lilac, one dotted closely all over wtth minute red dots and the larger end solidly covered with heavy reddish blotches; and the other is encircled with a wreath of light red and lilac around the middle, though slightly nearer the small end. Incuba- tion had just started. Measurements 1.88 X 1.49, 1.95 X 1.48, 1.90 x 1.48. On the 20th I went to visit the nest found on the 10th, and as I drew near the bird left the nest and being joined by its mate, they flew about making more fuss than any of the other pairs had done. This time the nest contained three handsome eggs, one of them is speckled with red all over and looks like a Tur- key's egg, one is marked with large heavy blotches of red, principally at the smaller end, and the other is marked all over with smaller marks which are thicker at the small end; measurements 2.05 X 1.59, 2.10 X 1.59, 2 04 x 1 60; incu- bation very slight. This is a very large set. I next went to visit the locality where I had found the five old nests on the hill, and as I was approaching the spot I came across another nest which look- ed older and more dilapidated than any of the others, and was mostly composed of dead leaves, being evidently an old squirrel's nest, but over the top of it projected the tail of Mr. (or Mrs ) "Buteo." The hawk flew off as I start- ed to ascend and lighting on a tree 30 yards away, commenced the usual sere- nade. The nest was not more than 14 feet up in the forks of a very small oak and was composed of a few sticks placed on the foundation of dead leaves, lined with a few pieces of bark, a few feathers and some poplar twigs with the green leaves and the fuzz from the Vuds still on them, and measured 18 x 16 inches in diameter outside, 8x7 inches in dia- meter inside, 8 inches deep outside and 4 inches deep inside. It contained three eggs, incubation begun, one covered all over with brick-red dots so that the ground color can not be seen, and with an almost solid mass of red all over the small end; one marked heavily with brick-red blotches forming a wreath ai'ound the small end, and the other clouded and marbled all over with sub- merged pale lilac; size, 1.84 x 1.47, 1.89 X 1.54, 1.80 X 1.50. On May 28th while looking for a Marsh Hawk's nest in a large marsh about three miles from Minneapolis, I was surprised to hear the cry of a Broad- wing. There was only one tree near and that was a small poplar that grew on a dry piece of ground 35 yards away, and I finally located Mr. Hawk in the lower branches of this tree and on the opposite side He seemed to be carry- ing on an anima'ed conversation with a Red-winged Blackbird, which, alarmed by my proximity to its nest, was utter- ing cries cf distress, which were quite similar to the Broad wing's. Every time the Blackbird would cry the hawk would answer it, and I presume the latter thought he was making quite an impression. When I tried to get near he flew straight away to a large wood half a mile distant, and I made up my mind that there was a set of eggs in that wood, but as it was getting dark I had to put off searching for them till a later date. On the 30th having a few hours spare time, I went out to the wood, and after a somewhat prolonged search, as the wood was a large one and the trees small and close together, I found the nest and the ha,wk flew off. The nest was about 25 feet up in the forks of an oak tree, and was built on top of the dead leaves of an old squirrel's nest and composed of sticks, and thickly lined with green oak leaves; it measured 14 inches in diameter outside, 6 inside, and THE OOLOGIST. 12 inches deep outside and 4 inside. It contained two eggs, incubation about one-half done, and rieasuring 1.88 x 1.57,1.87x1.58. One marked with a wreath of red around the smaller end, and the other with a mass of smaller red spots covering the larger end, and a scattering of dots over the rest of its surface. On the 4ih of June I had occasion to be in one of the railroad yards in the suburbs, when I heard a Broad-wing in a small grove along side of the track. The grove is not above an acre and a half in extent, and on one side is a busy railroad yard and large grain elevator, and on the other a we'l used street lead- ing to the suburbs and Lake Minne- tonka, while the street cars go by right on the edge of the wood. The grove is also a famous hunting ground for the small boy with the air-gun and "Flob- ert" rifle. I thought the hawk must be on a hunt- ing trip, for it did not seem like a place in which thev would build, but fifteen minutes' search was rewarded by see- ing the hawk fly from what seemed to be an old squirrel's nest of dead leaves pla<^ed against the trunk of a small oak tree and about 25 feet up. The nest was a flimsy affair of a few sticks placed on a foundation of dead leaves and was lined with a few pieces of bark, a few feathers, (from the bird's tail evidently) some green leaves and fuzz of poplars and a long green weed of some kind (I think it was a "Solomon's Seal") cov- ered with leaves. The eggs were two in number and in- cubation was begun. One was marked all over with pale lilac, with a few dis- tinct angular spots of light red, and the other with a few large blotches of red at the smaller end; this egg is irregular in shape and has a distinct crack run- ning clear around it, and a spot where it has been shattered and bulged out, but it has all been healed up again and is as strong as ever. I suppose it must have been broken inside of the bird and before the shell was entirely formed. Size of eggs, 1.92 x 1 50, 1 90 x 1.48. This completes my series, altogether, 7 sets of 18 eggs, 4 sets of 3, and 3 sets of 2. I think I could have collected a good many more this year if I had h^d time, as I found theoa in every suitable wood in which I searched, and every time I heard their call I found their ne.st with- out difficulty. 1 shall not disturb them any more this season, but next year I expect to take a set from each nest vis- ited as here described. These sets were all collected within a radius of five miles from the center of the city of Minneapolis and two were within the city limits. John D. Currie, Minneapolis, Minn. Bird Music. LContinued from last issue.] Another bird that sometimes sings on the wing, is the White-rumped Shrike. It is not generally known that this Shrike, or for that matter any other, has a song. I have heard the song sev- eral times and can testify to a series of very agreeable notes nicely modulated. We cannot call the song really melodi- ous, but it is still possessed of unique- ness, as it is essentially unlike the notes of any other bird of my acquaintance. I once heard this Shrike sing as it flew in the characteristic manner of flight- singers, on fluttering wings. The true love-song of the Golden- crowned Thrush or Oven-bird has been but rarely referred to by writers, in fact, the best musical efforts of this species have only been described in comparatively recent times. The com- mon loud clanking chirpings, so often heard, have been listened to by aU ob- servers, but a superior strain, only oc- casionly uttered, has been listened to by but few intelligently. I feel safe in THE OOLOGIST. 9 saying that no bird among us which is so well known, has eluded the observ- ers of bird songs as this one has done. I listened to the love song of the Oven-bird for the first time in 18S0. A burst of melody reached me in a dense piece of low woods, well filled with underbrush, and the delightful notes were surprising and doubly pleasing to me in this location. At first on hear- ing the song the idea presented itself that a species new to me was singing, and my extreme care in reaching the glade in hopes of secnring a note, pro- cured me a chance of witnessing a most singular porformance. Crawling through the brush I came to a partial clearing, over which a bird, evidently in the highest transports of joy, was fluttering in irregular flight. It is not surprising that 1 failed to recognize the performer in this, to me, unusual as- pect, for there was not a feature in its notes or movements in which it resem- bled its ordinary and understood hab- its. Observing another bird, evidently a Golden-crowned Thrush, and its mate, perched on the ground near, and which appeared to be the center of attraction to the delighted warbler overhead. I quietly awaited the movements of the pair. Never had I heard this song be- fore and never had I witnessed such a scene. This was indeed, making love with a spirit not often witnessed among our warblers. This song was almost continuous, that is, together with the interruptions of the more subdued call or conversa- tion notes, and the common chattering notes, so well known and described by Coues as a harsh crescendo, and was largely of the most melodious strains. The energetic, unconscious fellow was in the meantime consistently flying above his inamorata, describing nearly every form of flight except sailing. First dashing to the edge of the glade, then rising to the tops of the bushes he would flutter almost directly upward as we have oftea seen the European Sparrow or House Wren do, and reach- ing a height of twenty feet or more, would flutter toward his mate, or dash about the clearing in varying evolutions almost constantly singing. She, in the meantime sat silent, and probably in- terestpd in the performance. The ap- pearance of a third party on the scene, undoubtedly also a lover, caused the ecstatic singer to dash into a bush. This song ecstacy is rare, as it is also the much simpler one of the Grass Finch or Vesper Sparrow as it is called, which also goes into a rapturous song- flight occasionly. The Finch rises into the air fifty feet or more but not as rap- idly as the Bobolink, and generally set- tles back near to the point from which it took its flight. The Bobolink sings as well when perched as in its flight, though not so continued, but the Grass Finch's song when on the surface is very commonplace, while its flight-song like that of the Oven bird, is superior. A number of species of birds em- braced in the systematic division of, are known to utter their notes on the wing, and from the Crow to the Martin, which is the nearest to a musician among the Swallows, there are many which give their best efforts while fly- ing. Among these is the Prairie Horn- ed Lark, which comes very near to be- ing a singer, and which has a flight of special interest; still these efforts are not sufficiently musiciai to entitle the birds to rank in this list of musicians as accepted by critics. It will be observed that a tremulous motion of the wings almost invariably accompanies song flight. We may maintain, then, that the quiverings of the wings is an accompaniment to the song is a strictly seasonal feature. All have noticed the loss of the song syn- chronously with the skyward flutter in the case of the Bobolink, when he as- sumes his summer dress and leaves for 10 THE OOLOGIST the South to become the plebian rice- bird. I have yet to hear a bird sing on the wlDg in autumn. Morris Gibbs, M. D., Kalamazoo, Mich. {To Be Continued.) Winter Bird Notes From California. One of the most abundant winter res- idents of SaataClara Co., Cal., is the Western Robin (Merula migratoria pro- pingua). He is rihgarded by the ranch- ers of Santa Clara Co. as a good weather prophet, although I could never confirm their belief. When the Robins arrive in force in the fall, the farmers prepare for heavy winter rains, and when they are scarce it is said to indicate a dry sea- son. Although we have a county game law protecting this bird, they are neverthe- less killed in considerable numbers by the small boy .Italians and other foreign- ers, but I think that in the last few years the farmers are more and more coming to realize the need of protecting this and other beneficial birds. Just recently I have heard of several parties who intend to make an example of any one they can find shooting Robins, and 1 hope that before long something will be done to enforce the law. At any rate, the Cooper Ornithological Club will soon have a law pass, in the state legislature, unless something ue expect- ed happens, which will protect all the song and other birds at all seasons of the year, and which, if passed, we mem- bers intend to see enforced. The Robin arrives with us about the first of October and remains until March. They are more or less gregarious, a flock usually contaicing about fifty birds, al- though I have seen flocks which, no doubt, held several hundred. The Varied Thrush {Hesperocichla naevia) arrives about the same time that the Robin does, but is not nearly so common. They are of a retiring dispos- ition and favor a location for their win- ter home, which contains a number of thick cypress, pine or other thick trees or shrubs, usually near some house, where they are quite content to remain in the seclusion thus afforded until it is time for them to again journey to the thick spruce woods of British America or Alaska, to their summer home. Another common winter resident is Audubon's Warbler [Denclroica audu- honi). Most of their time is spent in the orchards vigorously searching, with many a shai'p "chit" for insects and other food. They arrive about the first of October, and are abundant from this time till the last of February. When they first arrive they are changing from the summer to winter plumage, and some of the specimens taken at this time are very interesting. In this locality I have made an obser- vation which may, perhaps, help to prove that the sub-species of Audubon's Warbler, described by Mr. Robert Mc- Gregor, of Palo Alto, and named Hoover's Warbler, {Dendroica coronata hooveri) shows a constant variation. Mr. Grinnell found Hoover's Warbler abun- dant and nesting in the Kotzebue Sound Region of Alaska, (see Pacific Coast Avifauna No. 1, p. 55) but found no Audubon's Warblers. Now, our Audu- bon's Warbler, which nests in Califor- nia, arrives here in the fall about the middle of October, but I have never noted Hoover's Warbler before late in December. This would help to prove that they are a distinct sub-species, whose summer home is Alaska, and the long distance they have to travel will account for their delay in arriving in the winter. A very modest, though interesting bird is the Dwarf Hermit Thrush, {Tur- dus aonalaschkce) which is fairly com- mon in our locality in the winter time. He is generally not a very sociable fel- low, always traveling by himself through our gardens and feeding upon worms THE OOLOGIST. 11 and other insects. I have often felt sorry for him, he seems so lonely, but I presume he does not mind it. The Cedar Waxwing [Ampelis cedro- rum) is an irregular winter visitor with us, coming in flocks of from about twenty to perhaps one hundred. They feed on the seeds of the locust and pep- per trees, which are quite extensively grown for shade trees in Santa Clara. Has the Mockingbird {Mimuspolyglot- tus) ever been recorded in Santa Clara Co.? I have never seen a record of it, although I know they occur in winter in Alameda Co , which is next to us on the north. My tirst record was on the 23d of Jan. 1899, when I saw a male Mockingbird near a residence in a large garden near Santa Clara. I was told he had been around the place for several weeks. Since then I have recorded them as follows; Feb. 9, 1900, female, seen in a garden in Santa Clara; Feb. 13, 1900, male, bird noted in a garden near a house two miles west of Santa Clara; Oct. 12, a pair, male and female, seen near the place I saw a bird Feb. 9, 1900, male t^i ging. From these records I conclude that the Mockingbird is rather a common straggler to our county in the winter time. Oar winter Sparrows, Gambel's [Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli) Inter- mediate, [Zonotrichia I. intermedia) and Golden Crowned (Zonotrichia coronaia) all arrive about the first of October. The Whited-crowned Sparrow {Zono- trichia leucophrys) arrives several weeks later. They all congregate in large flocks in the hedge rows and brush piles where they spend a very merry and soc- iable winter. These birds are all very much despised by the orchardists,for in February and March when the fruit blossoms are beginning to come out, they form the chief article of diet for these Sparrows. The destruction that a flock of these birds can do in one day is something enormous. In the winter time our Finches all congregate in flocks, it being no uncom- mon sight to see a flock of House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis), Law- rence's and Arkansas Goldfinches (As- tragalinus lawrencei and psallria), which will contain several hundred birds. After the first of October we always have with us the American Pipit {An- thus pensilvanicus) in abundance. They feed in large flocks in the grain fields and orchards, delighting particularly to run after a plow and pick up the worms as fast as they are turned up. The ma- jority of them leave about the first of April, although I have one record for four birds noted on the 24th of April, which 1 consider a very late date for them. I think of all our resident birds in winter the California Bush-tit {Psaltri- parus minimus californicus) is, perhaps, the most interesting. They congregate in small flocks and will search a garden so thoroughly, investigating all the trees and shrubs, that it has to be a very smart spider who can escape with his life. They are such dainty little birds and are so fearless that they always draw my attention, and I consider it a great privilege to watch a flock of them "do" a peach tree in our back yard. This is a very incomplete account of some of our winter birds in their chosen homes, but as time is pressing I must desist. Would time permit, I might enumerate the Chickadees, the dainty Kinglet, both species of which are com- mon winter residents, the Woodpeck- ers, Jays and many others, not omitting the infernal, and ever obnoxious English Sparrow. This paper is merely intended to show our eastern brethren something of our abundant bird life in winter, as well as in summer, for we can study birds al- most a'' diligently in winter as in nest- ing season, and it is but a poor ornithol- ogist who cannot enjoy the birds unless he is despoiling them of their most prec- ious treasure — their eggs. William N. Atkinson, Santa Clara, Cal. 12 THE OOLOGIST The Use of Old Nests. It is a strange economy of Nature, which impels Hawks and Owls, to use old and unattractive nests, when but little energy need be expendert, in the construction of new abodes, when each would then build, and differentiate, accordirg to his specific instinct. April 18th 1^95, we saw an Accijnter cooperi nearby a nest which was just begun, and cor eluded that she was constructing same. May 5th, the nest was completed, and on May 19th, we took therefrom a set of five slightly in- cubated eggs. The nest was typical of the species, very bulky, composed of small sticks and lined with the outer baik of chestnut in chunks from two to five inches long, and from one-half to one and one-half inches wide. It was placed in the crotch of a tall, slen- der chestnut tree, fifty-five feet from the ground. In 1896 this nest was occu- pied by a Barred Owl, which hatched its clutch there. When we visited the site April 12th, the shells, strewn about the base of the tree, appeared as if the young had been hatched a day or two previously. The nest appeared, from the ground, as if some inner bark and leaves had been added since it was oc- cupied by the Cooper's, but I think this was probably done by squirrels, during the preceding Fall, as I have never known the Barred Owl to do anything toward building a nest, or fixing over an old one. They appear to be satisfied with what they can find. We again visited this site, in the Fall of '98 and saw by the numerous tracks about the tree, that the nest was occu- pied, but, by what we could not make out, as the tracks were strange to us. A charge of shot into the nest brought down a pair of old, and four young, white-footed mice. This ended the history of that nest, as it was blown down the following winter. April 21, 1896, and April 11th, 1897, we collected sets of four Red-should- ered Hawk's eggs from a nest in the crotch of an oak tree, forty-one feet nine inches from the ground. The nest was a typical Buteo's, made of large sticks and containing much inner bark. In 98 the Red shouldered Hawk did not appear but a pair of Cooper's added to the top a few small branches, and reared their young there. During the winter of 1898-1899 this nest was blown down Last spring the Cooper's Hawks built a new nest, whose history we spoiled by removing it entire, together with its complement of three incubated eggs, to our den. In 18^7, on April 20th, we located nests rf the Red -shouldered and Coop- er's Hawks, which were not more than two hundred foet distant from each other. These were both of the build of '&7 and were typical, each, of its spec- ies. The Red-shouldered's nest con- tained two slightly incubated eggs, which we tock. The nest of the Coop, er's was just completed. On April oOth, we tock a set of four fresn eggs from it. Visiting the locality after Chickadee's eggs on May 12th, the same year, we were surprised to start a Cooper's Hawk from the Buteo's nest. A climb to the nest showed that every vestige of the inner bark had been re- moved. A few small sticks had been added, and the nest relined with outer bark. The nest contained three eggs of the Cooper's. One of the eggs look- ed as if it might have been deposited many days before the other two, as it had lost all its bluish tint, and other- wise appeared to be highly incubated, while the remaining two had the ap- pearance of being perfectly fresh. We believed, and still do, that this faded egg was part of the first set, which had been taken before it was completed, so we decided to take the set to see if this would not be evidenced by the dif- ferent stages of incubation. But, on blowing, it proved no different from THE 05L0GIST. 13 the others, all showing incubation had just commenced. Neither of these nests have since been occupied. April 25th, 1891", we found a nest which had every appearance of being occupied by a Uedshouldered Hawk, very large sticks, inner bark showing prominently, and a pine branch here and there, about the top sides. It was situated in th-i fork of a large branch, which sloped awiy from the trunk of the tree, and was forty -two feet from the jjrnuQd. The bird left the nest when we were about fifty feet from the tree, and almost the tame instant, a full grown gray sq lirrel sprang from the under part of the nest, ran over it. and flattened itself against the tree, a few inches above the nest, and there re- mained uniil we began the climb. So astonished were we at seeing a squirrel jump from the very nest of a Hawk, that we paid littlo nttention to the bird, and were very much surprised upon reaching the nest, to find that it's occu- pant was an Acciperal cooper i, instead of a Buteo lineatus. This rest contain- ed both the inner and outer bark o' the chestnut. It was plac d in such nn un- fortunate position, that it was with great diffi julty we succeeded in colitct- ing the three fresh eggs which it con- tained. The posi'ion of the nest was so trying, that when the eggs were taken, wc^ could not wait to examiae the nest sufliciently to assert positively that it was a combined nest of the sqir- rel and the Cooper'd. I do not dare to state the manner in wnich we got the eggs down from this nest, for when we told the story at home that evening, we were immediately branded as worthy disciples of Ananias, and since then, whenever an impropable story is heard, some one is sure to suggest that we can tell a pretty good yarn about how we procured a certain set of Cooper's Hawk. But though the set is, we fear, incomplete it is on recount of it's asso- ciation, prized most highly. It was not occupied in the spring of '99, t>ut last fall my brother shot a gray sqirrel from the tree which evidently made tin nest his home. We hava no doubt but that this nest was built and first occupied by a Red-shouldered Hawk, then occupied by a Cooper's Hawk, and during the wiater and perhaps a pact of the spring, was occupied by squirrels. The fact that it contained much inner bark when it was occupied by the Cojper's suggests the idea that the Co'iper'd Hawks may h ive drivon the Buteo away from the nest, aft-r she had prepared it for occupancy in the spring of '97, fjr during the whole of that spring the Buteos were in the grove, but did not nest there. We have no knowledge as to which of these sptc.es is considered the stronger. In 1898 we took a set of Red-should- ered Hawk's from a pine tree. Typical nest, forty-six feet, six laches from the ground. In April, lt:99, we took from this nest a set of three 'g^s of the Barred Owl. The Owls used the nest just as they found it, without the ad- dition of a stick sr, Blair Camera Co., ($1.00), prepaid 34c. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion N. Y. CODDINGTON MAGNIFIER(Miners' glass), diameter %in, cost $1.50, prepaid 95cts. FRANK H. LATTIN,Albion, N. Y. "SNAPS"for taxidermists.7in Stuffers, spring handle (1.25), 80c; Scissor handle Stuffers, i2in. ($1.75), $1.05; Scissor-handle Stuffer, 15in, ($2.50) $].60; Bone Cutters, extra fine and heavy, ($2.50) $1.60; Forceps for Insects ($1.25) 78c: Botanical Collecting Can with shoulder strap, size 12x754 x3>!J in. ($150) $1.10; Tenaculum or Dissecting . Hook, folding in handle ($1) 28c. All prepaid at prices quoted, regular prices in ( ). FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. "I don't know whether my ad. has reached its time limit yet or not, but stop it any way. My supply of exchange material was exhaust- ed some time ago and replies to the ad. still come in. F. P. DROWNE, 20 Benefit St.. Prov- idence, R. I. MAYNARD'S "Birds of Eastern North Amer- ica " This elaborate work was published about 25 years ago at $18 00 and contained 532 pages. I have three parts of this valuable work, each containing about 300 pages (over Vi of original) bound in tag-board covers. The Thrushes. Warblers, Starlings, Water Birds and Shore- birds are complete, will st 11 at only $?.00 per copy prepaid. I also have 3 copies each containing about H of original work at $1.00 per copy pre- paid I have 10 of original hand-colored plates at $1.50 for lot. Samp e pages of work for stamp. Style of text see article of 'Black Duck" In Dec.OoiiOGiST. FRANK H. LATTIN Albion, N. Y. THE OOLOGIST. \9 WANTED —Buyer for mounted specimens In pairs of Peafowls, Pigeons, Pheasants, Loons, Wild Ducks. Squirrels. Blue Jays, one Golden Eagle, (fine) Owls. Hawks. All first-class. Make an offer MISS LEAH BERKHEIMER. Imler, Bedford Co., Pa. COLLECTION 1,100 varieties foreign and American stamps. $10 cash or half exchange. Thousands Columbians and common Ameri- cans. Approval sheets 25 per cent, discount for cash. Several books— Travel. Story and Historical. Eighty Oot.oGiSTS. Stylographic Pen, Punch and Judy Whistles, Peachpit Mon- keys. Want Scientific and Biblical Books or cash. Let's exchange lists anyhow. ARTHUR L. THORNE, Sonyea, Livingston Co., New York. FOR SALE —1 complete file of each Osprey and Natural Sci<-nce News; 1 copy each Nov.. Dec. 189r, Jan^ 1898, Osprey; Nidologist, Vols. 2 and 3 complete. Vol. 4, 9 numbers, 1 copy each Sept. 1894, May, Sept., Oct. 2, Dec. 1895; Museum Vol. 2 complete, 1 copy Apr. 1895, 2 Dec. "95. 3 Mar. '96, 1 Nov. '96, 1 Aug. '97; Oregon Natural- ist Vol. 2, Nos. 6 to 12 Inclusive, Vol. 3 com- plete, 1 copy Feb. 1898; Oologist Vols 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 complete,! copy each Mar., Sep., Oct , Nov., Dec. '94. Aug.. Sept., Dec. '95, Feb. '96 Nov., Dec. '97, Jan., Nov '98, Feb. 1900; Bul- letin Michigan Ornithological Club Vol 2 com- plete. Vol 3, Nos. 1 and 2, Vol. 1, No. 2; Bulletin Cooper 0. Club Vol. 1. Nos. 1 and 2; Popular Science Neivs Vol. 30, Nos. 6 to 12 inclusive. 1 copy each Feb. , Mar. 1897 ; Bird Lore Aug. 1899 ; 1 copy "Birds of Michigan." L. B. GILMORE, Blooming Valley, Crawford Co., Pa. NATURALISTS ATTENTION 1— Send postal for rock bottom prices on all kinds of natural- ists' and collectors' supplies. Can supply any thing in the line at right prices. Naturalists' Supplies, 2102 Arch St., Phila , Pa. WANTED.— A Nn. 1 sets Of 27, 29, 63, 133, 225 and 226 from the original collector. I will give exchange in sets or cash if reasonable. W. H. BINGAMAN, Box 151, Algona, Iowa. WANTED.— Am. sets with data. Have many Brit, sets or will collect this season if wants and prices are stated early. J.GORDON, Corse- malzie, Whauphill, Wigtownshire, Scotland. FOR SALE.— The following for sale cheap; 443 1-4, 1-3 at 5c, 506 1-4 at 4c, 316 1-2 at 2c, 552 1-3 at 2c, 593 1-3 at 3c, 633 1-3, 1-4 at 5C, 703 1-4 at 2c. All eggs first-class, with datas. The above g rices are per egg. ADOLF SHUTZE, 1611 abine St., Austin, Texas. WANTED.— Back numbers of Osprey, Nid- ologist, Avifauna Bird Lore Condor Vols. 1 and 2, and many others. Send full list and ex- change price. I can offer in exchange eggs, skins mounted birds and magazines and stamps. W. JENNINGS WIRT, Gaines, Or- leans Co., N. Y. FOR SALE.— Whlppoorwlll 1-2 $1.20, Swain- sons Hawk 3-3 55c, Gannet 1-1 80c, Fulmar 1-1 30c, Northern Phalarope 1-4 90c, Magnolia War- bler 1-4 75c. Prices are per set, prepaid. I will swap any of the above for sets of Am. Osprey or raw furs. J AS. O. JOHNSON, Southing- ton. Conn. WANTED.— One hundred yearly subscrip- tions to Recreation at 75 cents each. JAS. O. JOHNSON, Southington, Conn. FOR SALE.— The following first class singles for sale cheap: 6 at 10c, 47 at 50c, 49 at 20c, 51 at 2 )c, 51a at 20c. 63 at 20c. 54 at 20c. 58 at 20c. 59 at 3.5c. 63 at 20c. 69 at 10c, 70 at 10c, 71 at 10. 72 at 15c, 74 at 10c, 77 at 10c, 80 at 10c 120a at 25c, 126 at 20c, 132 at 20c, 140 at 20c 142 at 30c, 146 at 35c, 160 at 20c, 188 at 35. 191 at 20c. 199 at 10c. 200 at 10c, 201 at 10c, 202 at 10c, 203 at 15c. 211 at 10c, 214 at 10c. 219 at 10c, 220 at 15c, 221 atSC, 261 at 35c, 263 at 15c. 289b at 10c, 294 at 10c, 300 at 15c. 305 at 20c, 316 at 3c, 325 at 50c, 326 at fiOc, 333 at 30c, 336 at 3,5c, 337 at 50c, 337b at SOf^, 341 at 50c, 360 at 20c, 368a at $1, 373b at 40c, 378 at 15c, 385 at 25c, 387 at 10c, 390 at 20c, 394a at 50c, 412 at 5c, 413 at 10c, 406 at 8c, 443 at 10c, 444 at 3c, 447 at 5c, 4.52 at 10c, 458 at 15c. 461 at 10c, 477 at 5c, 481 at 20c, 493 at 10c, 495 at 3c, 495a at 10c. 497 at 3c, 498 at 3c, 506 at 6, 507 at 6c, 511 at 5c, 511b at 5c, 512 at 5c 513 at 10c, 560 at 30, 563 at 3c, 567b at 75c, .581 at 8c, 587 at 10c, 593 at 5c, 594 at 35c, 601 at 10c, 604 at 5c, 610 at 85c, 611 at 10c, 612 at 5c, 613 at 5c. 622 at 5c, 622a at 5c, 624 at 10c, 627 at 15c, 630 at $1, 633 at 10c, 653 at 5c. 683 at 5c, 713 at 10c, 705 at 3c, 703 at 5c, 704 at .3c, 719 at 25c, 78Ia at 10c, 725at .5c, 731a at 75. 735aat50c.761 at 3c, 761a at 10c. 766 at 5c, 767 at 10c. 768 at 10c. The above mentioned prices are per egg. Any party sending me $2. 50 may select to the amount of $1.50 from the above list. I have only a few eggs and of some only one of the above men- tioned, as I am closing out my collections of singles. All eggs are strictly first-class. Small orders also accepted. ADOLF SCHUTZE, 1611 Sabine St., Austin, Texas. IT IS SPREADING LIKE WILD FIRE! ^Vhat? The American Society of Curio Collectors, A NATIONAL SOCIETY for collectors of shells, fossils, minerals, Indian relics, war rel- ics, historical articles of all kinds, coins, med- als, antiquated paper money, autographs, bird's eggs, mounted birds and animals, in- sects, flowers, marine and land curios of all kinds. Monthly Official Organ with large exchange department. Free Identification Bureau. Quarterly Bulletin for members only. Initiation fee. 10c. Yearly dues 25c. For Application Blank and further informa- tion address, ALLEN JESSE REYNOLDS, Sec'y, 8015 Grand Ave , ConnersvlUe, Ind. Mention Oologist. The Student's Shell Collection This Collection contains Forty Small Shells collected from all quarters of the Globe, all of which are numbered to correspond with a cat- alogue, which gives their proper, common and scientific names, with the locality where found. These shells when purchased individually and properly labelled would cost from 2 to 25 cents each. The following are the specimens found in this collection : Scorched Murex, Thorny-nosed Murex, Fish Basket, Gem Shell, Inflated Olive, Lettered Olive, Rice, Dove, Thunder Storm, Pelican's Foot, Ringed Cowry, Snake-head Cowry, Money Cowry, Rye, Porcelain Rump, Boat, Worm, Brown Snail, Yellow Pea, Beaded Tower, Tow- er, Bloody Tooth, White Tooth, Zebra, Wheel. Venetian Snail, Key-hole Limpet, Many-lined Bulimulus, Hunch backed Partula, Black- mouthed Tree Snail. Banded Tree Snail, Littlfr Agate, Silk Worm, Pea Nut, Banded Melam- pus, Indian Wampum, A ngel Wing, Sun, Scal- lop and Jingle- Price $1.00. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. to THE OOLOGIST The Condor for igoi. This popular Califomian, illustrated maga- zine of ornithology begins its third volume with 1901, and its Issues range from 24 to 32 pages in size. It controls the output of West- ern material, and prints the most interesting and valuable articles to be found in any "bird" journal. New features have been introduced for 1901, which will serve to make THE CON- DOR a leader ! The March (1901) number is one of extreme interest, containing among other things a charming article on the nesting of the Golden Eagle by R. H. Beck, illustrated with three full page plates depicting nests in various rugged situations Mr. E. H. Skinner contributes a valuable and most interesting illustrated ar- ticle on the nerlean harp " Robins are mated and looking for suitable nesticg places. April 2 — Blackbirds are here in abundance, especially at night, when large flocks of Red-wings, Cowbirds and Grackles come in from the fields, ali^^ht ing in tree top around swamp and pour forth their scugs and notes in rich pro- fusion. April 3.— For several days a small flock of Ducks has been feedinar in the creek and today I noted a pair of Wood Ducks and several Mallards. April 5.— The graceful Tree Swallows came yesterday—about a dc zen of them — and this morning they were skimming over the thin paper ice along the edge of swamp and lake April 8.— It has been bright and clear all day with a cold north wind, which drove the ice out of this end of the lake. A new flock of Grackles arrived from the south at 7 a. m. Those that have been here are building nests in almost every evergreen tree in town. I have never seen the town so full of them, in- deed, the mischievous great glossy fel- lows seem to really erjoy town life more than any other bird I know. A small band of Slate-colored Juncos are staying in the evergreen trees that adorn some yards. During a short walk in the woods I saw several Crows carrying nesting material. On my way home noted first Mourning Doves. Bird life hfre in the valley is abundant, but the woods are silent as the tomb— except for cawing Crows and the lonesome notes of the White-breasted Nuthatches.. About 75 Ducks passed on north this p. m. April 12.— This evening I took a walk along swamp, listening to the full chorus of peepers. They were heard first on the 6th. As I stood on the bridge 1 heard Snipe making a sort of short, mewing noise,, as they flew by me just overhead, arid I also heard the whistle of many wicgs as a flock of "Whistle-wings" went on north in the gathering gloom. This p. m. a few Tree Spar- rows came into the willows along the swamp road and one seemed to be in nearly full song, at least he burst forth in as sweet a strain as ever I heard from a Sparrow's Ihroat. A pair of Loons arrived last night, also a great flock of American Herring Gulls, but they passed on north at sunrise. A Great Blue Heron sailed in from the north and spent the day fishing around the swamp. Yesterday a big Osprey 40 THE OOLOGTST. spent tho day here, as ;did a Marsh Hawk. April 15 —I made my first trip after sets of Buteo borealis today. My route was north, throt.gh the valley, except when I turned to clioab the hillsides to where the net-ts were. Weather warm and clear u"til 5 p. m. Scarcely had I left the town when I heard the trilling of hundreds of Vesper Sparrows but found them scarce half a mile back on the hills. An occasional weak voic- ed old Field Sparrow trilled from some weed top— weak voiced but none the less welcome. From the distant woods came the drumming of a Raffed Grouse. As I approached my first Hawk woods I saw the male sitting on a dead limb in a tall pine and near by the female sat on her nest which con- tained 2 plain eggs so I left them. The nest was 65 feet up an al-^ost limbless tree and was lined with a bed of pine sprigs, corn husks, bark chips and few feathers Iq another woods about 3 miles far- ther north I fouad the second nest with the telltale sprigs of evergreen branches waving over edge ef nest in a basswood about 50 feet up, but it was never used. While sitting on the sunny side of a big tree eating lunch I heard for the first time the melodious "chink" of a Louis- iana Water Thrush. From here I tramped over a mile to see an old nest of Buteo lineatus —in a woods where I have taken 6 sets in years gone by. This pair had always laid a beautiful set for me by April 12, but at this time only one egg had been laid. The nest was an old one, which had not been fixed up at all— she had merely dug a hole in a mass of dead leaves that filled the nest, so that the egg was half buried but when I visited the nest on April 22d I found that she had added a few pine branches, corn stalks, bark strips and chunks of moss, on which lay 3 handsome egg3. The female left the nest as I approached and did not utter a single cry, which is characteristic of this bird. I called on two other pairs of Red-tails but they had not begun to nest yet. After supper I spent an hour around swamp. About dark a hundred "Whistle wings" went on north in small flocks of from 6 to 50. C. F. Stone. Branchport, N. Y. {To be continued.) Timely and to the Point. [Dr. N. expresses our sentiments to a T in the above valuable suggestions— with the exception of his '3d" — we boy- cott the wadding and thread" — prefer a good grade of fluffy cotton and no thread— tissue if anything for the outer wrapper. We have lost many a valu- able small egg by perhaps too hasty or careless unwinding of the "thread." — Ed.] Mr. Editor: — If you will kindly al- low me a small section of your valuable paper I will endeavor to touch upon a subject that has been sorely neglected on the part of contribufors to oological publications. Nothing is more aggra- vating than to purchase or exchange for fine specimens of eggs and upon te- ceiving them to find a part of one or more sets broken, thereby rendering the set worthless. This catastrophe some will say is the careless handling of packages on the part of postal clerks, etc. Very true, but to them we cannot look for redress. The fault lies in every instance with the shipper, with only one exception, and that is where packages containing eggs are sent over the Canadian border. In this case I have found that the over zealous custom officers in searching for dutiable gems, etc., put their fingers through many a rare and costiy egg. This has been my experience with a choice set of Accipiter velox, as they were carefully packed and in a rein- forced box. The cover had literally been pried oft", contents of box fatally sounded and sent along. In this case I THE OOLOGIST. 41 do not see that the shipper was at fault and so one must bear with it. But here in our own service, where the box is never opened from the time it leaves the shipper until it is received by the consigoee, a broken egg should rarely, if ever, be found. Collectors, as a rule, iire uither too anxious to save a few cents' postage or will not spare the time to tack a few reinforcements into their cigar box before packing the eggs. This is the greatest fault. Secondly corner the careless manner in which the specimens are rolled in cotton. As a matter of fact I have re- ceived eggs from collectors packed in cotton that had been used in the field and over and over again until it was but little better than excelsior. Other collfcctors have the habit of putting in a layer of cotton, then a lay- er of eggs, and so on until the box is filled. To such collectors my senti- ments are perJ^aps beat unsaid. No doubt others have received eggs from these same collectors in this condition. I may have spoken harshly in this ar- ticle, but those to whom it applies I trust will digest every word as meant for them. And now a few instructions on packing eggs. 1st. Ship by express instead of mail whenever possible. 2d. Reioforce all cigar boxes by tacking small cleats on the inside to prevent cover from crushing in. 3d Wrap each egg carefully in a 8 rip of thin while wadding, which has been previously separated down the center, allowing the soft side to come in contact with the egg. Wrap each egg around the smaller diameter first, then around the greater, and lastly use a few turns of thread to keep the cotton in place. 4th. Put a thick layer i.f cotton into bottom and top of box. 5th Pack each egg in very carefully and use great cauiion in closing lid of box. (Many are broken this way.) 6th. Use heavy wrapping paper and ptout twine, address plainly and don't forget, if your conscience will allow of it, the glass notice, where our careful manipulator, thi' postal clerk, will see it. 7th. Be ready to make all losses good. Yours for more care, J. B. Newton. Unionyille, Conn., Jan. 15, 1901. Field Notes from Manitoba. On May 4th I found two nests of Krider's Hawk, one in a partly dead elm 20 ft. from ground. To this nest I climbed and found it contained nothing but appeared to be ready for eggs. The other was also in an elm about the same height and was no: quite ready for eggs. On May 9th 1 tried these neslri again, but found them empty. On both occasions the old birds circled above the trees and scolded me for my intrusion so I decided to call again So on the 22d I called on my way home from the swamp, still no eggs A little further down in the woods I saw a very small nest in an oak, not more than 15 ft. up and climbed to it. It contained two eggs of Red-tail, both were incu- bated. This then was the second nest built by this pair, the first nest having been deserted because I had climbed to it on the 4th of May. The nest was very small, no larger than my two hands and quite loosely put together. On May 31st while looking for Marsh Hawk's nests I called for the third time at the Krider's nest located May 4th, and as it was still empty I knew there must be another somewhere. A search revealed a nest in top of a tall oak, but the bird was absent so I did not climb but toward evening I called round again and at my approach the bird left the nest. I quickly iLade the ascent 42 THE OOLOGIST and took a small set of two well mark- ed eggs, slightly incubated. The nest was small and loose and I conld see through the bottom but not clearly enough to discern the eggs. This is a phase of character I have not before noticed in the Hawks, but in these two cases with Red-tails and in four cases with Swainson's Hawk this season, I found the birds deserted the nests I had climbed that contained no eggs. In the one case with the Swainson's Hawk I found a nest complctfi but did not climb. A few days after 1 called round for this set and on climbing found one egg. As the nest was where it could be seen for over a mile in the top of a dead willow 1 took this egg, but return- ing next week found the nest deserted. I then drove over the school section and examined all the bluffs and in a small willow bush found Mrs. Swain- son trying to incubate two more eggs, which I knew by their resemblance to be the other eggs of the set, I having already taken the first. On this oc- casion sh3 hail se'zed upon a partly built Crow's nost, flattened it out and depo,sited the two eggs in it. On the 18th of June I took my last set of Krider'R for the season. This was a second set and strongly resem- bled the first one. The nest was small in a tall oak baside a ravine about one mile distant from where I took the first set and contained two eggs nicely marked. This nest was newly built like most of the others by the birds and was unusually deep, the cup being nearly 6 inches in depth and 7 in diam- eter. Both male and female birds were quite bold and seemed to resent my robbing their second nest. Whether they built a third I don't know, but if they did I did not find it as my horse hurt his feet shortly after while away after Loon's eggs, and I had to leave the field for the season. Chris. P. Forge, Carman, Manitoba. Some Winter Birds of a Country Farm-yard. Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus. A few cf these beautiful game birds are seen during the winter budding in ap- ple trees near our yard. Downy Woodpecker, Bryobates pub- escens. Quite plenty in shade trees in our yard on pleasant days during the entire winter. Blue Jay, Cyanociila crisiaia. Very abundant. A quite large flock makes daily visits to our yard in search of food. Pine Grosbeak, Pinicola emicleator. Quite abundant but more so as spring approa^-hes. They come in flocks to the maples in our yard and feed on the buds. Amer'can Go'dfinch, Spinus iristis. Flocks of this species alight in the trees in our yard quite often during the win- ter. In their winter plumage they are very plain looking birds. English Sparrow, Passer domesticus. An occasional straggler finds his way to our yard. I cau;f,ht one in my hands that flew into our shed to get out of the storm. Snowflake, Plectrophenax nivalis. Very largo flocks can be seen from our yard skimming over the fields and pas- ture and a few come to our yard occss- ionly. Song Sparrow, Mclospiza fasciata. As spring approaches we are tilled with gladness by the sweet song of this spar- row returning to his summer home, although a few remain here nearly the whole year. Northern Shrike, Lanius borealis. One of these butchers is an cccasiooal visitant to trees in our yard during the winter. Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris americana. These interesting little birds are winter visitants to our farm yard shade trees, searching for food under the rough bark of the maples and butternuts. THE OOLOGIST. 43 White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta car- olinensis. Another interesting little farm-yard visitant, tiying in open doors and windows and making themselves much at home and all of the time utter- ing their curious quauk. Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canad- eusis The above description of the White-breasted species well describes this species, although the Red-breasted is not so abundant. Chickadee, Parus atricapillius. Last but not least on my list comes the little Titmouse, the bird of .so friendly dispo- sition and gentle manners, who thinks no one his enemy. They are very abundant here and help to make the long winter pass more swiftly by their happy, joyful nature. In closing this paper I cannot refrain from writing what Wilson says of this species which I take from Davies "Nests and Eggs," fourth edition. It is as follows: They traverse the wood in regular procession from tree to tree, tumbling, chattering and hanging from the ex- tremities of the branches, examining about the roots, the leaves, buds and crevices of the bark for insects and their larva. They also frequently visit the orchards, particularly in the fall, the sides of the barn and the barn-yard in the same pursuit, trees in such situa- tions being generally much infested with insects. Therefore we rank this little bird among the farmer's friends, and trust our citizens will always rec- ognize him and as such." I consider the above description of this little bird the best I have ever read and would call particular attention to the last few lines, and trust that all our citizens throughout this broad land will give more attention to the study and protection of our feathered friends; stop the wholesale destruction of our native birds before it is too late; unite in this great work, for unity means strength. Guy L. Briggs, Livermore, Maine. A Red-headed Black-bird. I saw a Red-winged Blackbird last spring with a red head as well as shoulders. I was painting a fence near a swamp and the bird was in sight at any time I had a micd to look for him. My team came to take me home and I called my wife's attention to the bird. We are both familiar with this spec- ies ard have it mounted at home. The bird was evidently mated be- cause it was June and all of his actions pointed to his being interested in a family in the bnshes, near by. R. S. Torre Y, Wen ham Depot, Mass. More Albinos. In the December iss'^e of the Oologist I saw an article written by G. G. Welsh giving an account of an Albino English Sparrow. A day or two after I read this article a friend told me he had seen a Sparrow which was nearly all wLite in a large flock of the same species. I told him to try an(l get it for me, so the next day he brought it, having shot; it that morning. I found it to be a female English Sparrow vvith both wings pure white and a few white feathers on its head and neck. The rest of the feath- ers were of the same color as other English Sparrows. I now have it in in my collection mounted with its wings half spread. I have three other Albinos in my col- lections which were killed here. On April 23, 1899, a friend of mine was watching near a pond for some Ducks when he saw a white bird flying alone, coming toward the pond. He shot at it and killed it, and as he had never seen a bird like it he brought it to me. I found it to be a pure white "Yellow- legs ;" this is the only pure white albino "Wader" I have heard of. (if there are others I would like to hear of them.) 44 THE OOLOGIST. The same person on March 16, 1899 brought me a male Robin which has three white feathers in its right wing and four in its left wing, four white feathers in its tail, breast white, its head, neck and back mottled with white, several coverts white. The other Albino which I have is a female Bob-white. It was killed on November 28, 1899. This bird is of a very light color all over, but not pure white, its bill white, feet and legs a pale flesh color. If these notes are of sufficient interest you may publish them. O. S. Biggs, San Jose, III. Review. CANADIA.:: BIRDS BY JOHN MACOUN, M. A., F. R. S. C , NATURALIST TO THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. In compiling this catalogue of the birds of Canada the author has endeav- ored to bring together facts on the range and nesting habits of all birds known to reside in, migrate to or visit the northern part of the continent. In addition to the Dominion of Can- ada he has therefoie included New- foundland, Greenland and Alaska. Since the publication of Fauna Bor- eali Americana by Swainson & Rich- ardson in 1831 no attempt has been made to produce a work dealing with the ornithology of the region now em- braced in the Dominion of Canada. In 1857 Mr. Montagu Chamberlain published a catalogue of Canadan birds and previous to this Mr. T. Mcllwraith published his Birds of Ontario, which included the birds known to occur in that province only. The Birds of Manitoba by Mr. Ernest Seton Thompson was published in 1891, and, as the name implies covered little more than that province. In 1891 Bird Nesting in Northwest Canada by Walter Raine was publish- ed, which gave an account of the birds found nesting in Assiniboia, a vast ter- ritory that had previously been over- looked by ornithologists. Mr. C. E. Dionne of Quebec pub- lished a catalogue of the birds of that province and Mr. Ernest D. Winkle has published a valuable little work en- titled The Birds of Manitoba, while in 1898 Mr. John Fannin's Birds of British Columbia appeared. While the above ornithologists were engaged gathering and publishing the valuable information contained in these works. Professor Macoun had constant- ly before him the necessity of the pres- ent work and has been collecting notes and observations during all his journeys since 1879. Consequently he has gath- ered together a mass of valuable and interesting matter and his work on Canadian Birds is the most complete and up-to-date work yet published. Part I includes Water Birds, Gallin- aceous Birds and Pigeons and Part II will be printed this spring. Least Bittern Observed in Penn- sylvania. Having noticed in the April (1900) Oologist the article by Mr E. R For- rest, Washington, Pa , in rfgard to Least Bittern being observed in Penn- sylvania, it may not be out of place for me to state that I have observed them here in the mo'-ths of April. June, July, August and September. It ap- pears strange that I never observed any in Mav- For two years I have observ- a pair at Holmesburg, this rounty along the Pennypaok creek, where they nest- ed, although I never found their nest. In August 1899 at this locality I flushed four from along the creek; two I iden tified as young Brids from their weak, uneven flight In September several years since, a boy offered me one for half a dollar, which he shot at Bride- burg, this county. It was a young one and not quite full fledgfd. Richard F. Miller. Philadelphia, Pa. THE OOLOGIST. 45 ;$5.00 for only 50 cents. For 1901 Subscribers of THE OOLOGIST only. While "taking inventory" we found many items in very large quantities— enough to last the ordinary Curio Dealer a life- time and in such quantities that we cannot job them off to dealers ex- cept at a sacrifice— and rather than give dealers the benefit of the same we prefer and have con- cluded to give this benefit to the 1901 subscribers of the Oologist. Those who have paid their sub- scription to the OOLOGIST for 1901 or who remit for same when accepting this '•$5.00 for 50cts" offer —we will send by express at their expense (we can send prepaid for 25cts.) all of the specimens and books listed below for only 50cts. Chinese Horn Nut, China $ 05 Egg of Skate or Sand Shark, Martha's Vineyard 05 Clay Police Whistle, Mexico 10 Black-Mouth Tree Snail, Pavillion Key, Fla 25 Purple-spined Sea Urchin, Gulf of Mex- ico 25 Organ-pipe Coral, Singapore 25 Orange Scorpion Shell, Polynesia 25 Resurrection Plant, Mexico 15 One-half dozen Alligator Teeth, Indian River. Fla 25 Four Gem Stones (Red Agate, Black Onyx. Crocidolite and Sardonyx In- taglio) cut and polished 40 Compass or Sunflower Starfish, Chili... 35 Fossil Scaphites j (Nautilus Family) Montana 25 Goldmouth Shell, Philippines 25 Fossil Shark Tooth, Virginia _ 10 15. Two Tarpon Scales, Florida 05 16. Fossil Polyp Coral I New York 15 17. "Electric Stone." a var ofTremoUte emitting flashes of light when scratched with any hard substance, New York... 10 18. Precious Coral, polished twigs, Med- iterranean Sea 15 19. Banded Murex Shell, Med. Sea _ 15 20. Money Cowry Shell. Hawaii Iq 21. Cone-in-Cone, Chautauqua Co. . N. Y.... 1 22. An Exchange Notice Coupon _ 2 23. Lattin's"Catalogue of N.A.BirdsEggs" IQ 24. Short's "Birds of Western New York." I5 25. Tassin's "Directions for Collecting Minerals" 05 26. A copy of "Penikese" 35 27. Five assorted Bird, Animal and Flower Pictures, my selection, size 6x8 in., beautifully colored, true to nature.... 30 $5 00 No changes or alterations of any kind can be made in this ofler— you either accept or not as you may elect. The offer is no fake nor catch penny scheme but is made as stated and in good faith in order that inany may share in the benefit which would otherwise fall to a few, and inci- dentally to'increase the Oologist's subscrition list. This premium offer cannot be duplicated for double what it costs the 1901 subscribers to the Oologist by any dealer in America— the publish- er of the Oologist included— after present supply is exhausted. R.£1IIE]^BE^R. 1st. That if your subscription to the Oologist is already paid through 1901 you get the entire lot of specimens, etc , offered above for only oOcts. But if you wish them sent prepaid you must send 35cts additional or 7.5cts. in all. 1;^ 2d. If you have not subscribed for the Oologist for 1901 and wish to accept this ofler you must send 50cts. for Oologist with coupon for 1901 and SOcts. for this ofler or $1.00 and if you want the lot sent prepaid add 25cts. more or $1.25 in all. 3d. This offer is made in connection with a subscription of the Oologist only. The paper and premium can be sent to the same or different addresses as desired. In case you wish the pre- mium without the Oologist or wish to secure a second premium the price will be $1.00 or $1.25 if sent prepaid. Remit in most convenient manner. Address plainly and in full. FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION. N. Y. JAMES P. BABBITT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird Skins, Eggs & Publications. Fine Imported Glass Eyes a Specialty. Illustrated Catalogue and large monthly bulle- tin of bargains in Birds Skins and Eggs free upon application. TAUNTON, MASS. COLLECTOR'S TOOL. A POCKET INSTRUMENTFQRTREECOLLECTING SAVES EGGS.DANGER.TIME. Send Stamp for Circular. (175) J. Rowland Nowell, Portman, S. C. Buy a Postal Card, Write your name and address on back and mail to me. YOU WILL RECEIVE, New Lists of Birds Ej;jrs, Minerals, In- dian Relics and all Naturalist's Supplies. Ready to mail. Address. ERNEST H. SHORT, Box 173 Rochester, N. Y. (Formerly Albion, N. Y.) 46 THE OOLOGIST ROR ONIaY ^l.OO I WILL SEND YOU THE OOLOGIST, One year, One Exchange Notice Coupon and $3.00 worth of anything you may select from the colored insert in this month's Oologist. All prepaid for only $1.00. This offer will hold good till June ist only and will then be withdrawn, never to be repeated. Remit in most convenient manner and address plainly, FRANK H. LATTIN, M. D., Albion. Orleans Co., N. Y. REMEMBER that I am closing out everything mentioned on this colored insert at one-third rates prepaid or at one-fourth rates if sent by Freight or Express at purchasers expense. THE OOLOGIST. 47- KRANK H IaATTIN, ALBION, N. Y , Who, some years sinoe. did the larg- est mail order business in the specimen and supply line in ihe Wurld, is now devoting his entire time Mud enery to his Profwssiun— but he still has thous- ands of dollars locked up in his old business and is closing out specimens, collectione, etc , at 'unheard of prices " New lists have been issued on "Books for the Ornithologist," "Scien- tific Shells," "Selected Corals, Shells, Minerals, Curios, Relic, etc." "Bar- rel of Shells," 'Nature Study Collec- tion" also a selected lii't of "specimens, curios and publications" which are be- ing closed out at one-fourth rates. Oth er lists are to follow as time will per- mit. All arejree tipon request. Write tod,^\'<^ "You might as well be out of the Bird World al- together as go without THE OSPREY." "THE. OSPRRY, An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular Ornithology. Edited by Theodore Gill, in Co-op- eration with Robert Ridgway, L. Stejneger, C- W. Richmond and Other Eminent Ornithologists. The Ospkev does uot keep a poet, but it has an office cat who can catch more birds than all the poots put to- gether. If you don't believe this, read The Osprey. If you want to buy, sell or exchange specimens, advertise in The Osprey. If you want to keep in with other Bird Men, subscribe for The OsPKEY If you want to write about Birds, you can do it in The Osprey, provided you know how to write. If you like a beautifully printed and pro- fusely illustrated magazine, all about Birds you must have The Osprey. Terms— One Dollar a Year. Published by THE OSPREY COMPXW, 321-323 4V4 St., Washington, D. C. ^MS-J^ STEVENS FAVORSTE G IVE THE BOY It will teach him to lf::ii an active outdoor life iu field and forest. It will give him :i iiractical acquaintance with nature. It will encourage practice in shooting, which tends to give steadiness of nerve, accuracy of eye. These will be valuable qualities in after life, and, above all, it ^^iU give him health. It is an nt'curate rifle, puts every shot just where you hold it: is light weight, graceful in outline, a bona tide arm in ajjpearance and construetin!!; nnthiug cheap about it l.ii; ti',0 price. Made iu thn- ciilibres — 22, .25 aud ..12 i: -Plain Opcr. Sijjlits .«i6.«0 Target Si«;ht» 8.50 Kvman Sis.'lits a.OO .\> k vour dealer for th" ' 'Fa ■orite." If he doesn't kee[ it, we will .seud i.venaii on ml of price. <''nd stamp /or our ■nitaining deacriuHnm, '*les, target pistois nid pistols, and genera on '•page catalogue ■ entire line of mhination rifles J. STEVENS AKM.«; & TOOL CO. Kox 2196 ■ Ohic oppe Falls, Mass, 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may qulclily ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confldential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific Jlinerican. A handsomely Illustrated weekly. Largest dr- cnlation of any scientific Journal. Terms, $3 ■ year ; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36tBro.dw.y. New York Branch Office. 626 F St.. Washington, X>. C. 48 THE OOLOGISl THE BEST ILLUSTRATED BIRD MAGAZINE EVER PUBLISHED. It gives the LIFE HISTORIES and FINE ILI.USTKA riONsi of 4 or j N. A. BIRDS livery nionth. The egg of each is shown FULL SIZE. It also contains short, irtt "o^tin;; stories about birds. ONLY 50 CTS. A YEAR. SAMPLE COPY FREE. syBSGRBBE ^OW. CHAS. K. REED, Sta. A, WORCESTER, MASS. ^^Sss I MEANS ^IMPERFECTION \TlMf:.RlF--LES i SINGLE-SHOT RIFLES ] WHENAPriLDTO AND ALL KINDS Op^ m\\\ Pronounced by Experts the Standard of the World. Ask your dealer for WINCHESTER make of Gun or Ammunition and take no other. FREE:--Cur new Illustrated Catalogue. WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO., New Haven, Ct. The Oologist A MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. VOL. XVIII. NO. 4. ALBION, N. Y., APRIL, 1901. Whole No. 175 Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales. Brief special announcements, "Wants," "Exctianges" "For Sales," Inserted In tills department tor 25c per 2,5 words. Notices over 25 words, charged at the rate of one-half cent per each additional word. No notice Inserted for less than 25c. Terms, cash with order. Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted In payment at one-third list rates. What's Your Number? Examine the number following your name on the wrapper of this month's Oologist. It denotes when your subscription expired or will expire. No. 175 your subscription expires with this issue 180 " " " •' Sept., '• 184 •' '■ " " Dec, " Intermediate numbers can easily be deter- mined. If we have you credited wrong we wish to rectify. TMDftRTSIifT Tbii^ April Oologist was Is- Ifflr Un 1 tt ni . sued April 15th. The May is- sue will be printed on May 1st. Copy intended for that issue must be forwarded by return nfail. WANTED.-CoUectors throughout the United States and Canada to collect for me scientifl- cally birds' eggs in sets, with full data, at 34 Lattin's catalogue rates. DR. M. T. CLECK- LEY, 457 Greene St., Augusta, Ga. 175 WANTED.— Sets of eggs containing abnor- mal specimens, such as runts, albinos, mon- strocities, abnormally colored or shaped eggs. Will give cash or good exchange. J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Pa. 101 "The one exchange notice I had in The Oolo- gist last year was so successful that it kept me busy all the year with exchanges." J. GORDON, Wigtownshire, Scotland. "I take numbers of ornithological and oolo- gical journals, but whenever I wish to buy or sell anything I turn to the want columns of the OOLOOiST. ' ' HARRY h . DUNN, Fullerton, Calif. PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCHING.— On and after May first I will be ready to supply settings of Mongolian Ring Neck Pheasants. Settings of 15, price $4. Orders booked now. A. W. PERRIOR, 1409 So. Salina St., Syracuse, N. Y. 174 OOLOGISTS WANTED:— Will pay 50cts. each cash for one of each June 1888, and April 1889, and will give an exchange notice, or cou- pon good for one, for copies of the January 1895 and April 1899 issue, a notice for each copy. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. TO EXCHANGE.— For sets, almost complete volumes of Osprey, Nidologist, Museum. Also foreign stamps. Write what you want to com- plete files. HAROLD M. HOLLAND, Gen. De- livery, San Diego, Calif. AUKS '94, '95 and '96 and 3 sets, 4 eggs of Marsh Hawk to exchange for cash or snap-shot camera and outfit. No cheap trash wanted. S. J. ADAMS, Cornish, Maine. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.— Minerals and curiosities, old books and newspapers, coin sale catalogues, natural science papers and magazines. GEO. WALTHER, RushvlUe, Yates Co , N. Y. WANTED.— A few fresh skins of Prothono- tary and Cerulean Warblers. Will take some other varieties freshly skinned. I offer eggs in sets for same. J. R. MANN, Arlington Heights, Mass. A FEW first class Texas birds' eggs to ex- change for birds' eggs or curios of other states. Address ROY WOODWARD Pearsall, Tex. EASTMAN folding pocket kodak, S'/s x 3^, mandolin, Elgin gold ladies' watch and maga- zines to exchange for fire arms of any sort, In- dian relics, curios, bird, mammal or snake skins, or anything suitable for decorative pur- poses. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, JR., West Orange. N. J. MAGAZINES for exchange: 1 Vol. Antiquar- ian, 1 Vol. Archaeologist, 3 Vols. Museum, 1 Vol. Oregon Naturalist, 2 Vols. Oologist, l Vol. N. F. & F. R., and a hundred other natural his- tory papers at your own price for coins, shells or Indian relics. Write at once. WM. CUD- NEY, Gait, Ont , Canada. FOR EXCHANGE.— One Bristol steel rod, $3; eggs in sets; one Davie's key. .5th edition, new, 12 25 ; complete file Natural Science News, 82 ; twelve back Nos. Osprey, including seven Nos. of Vol. one, $2; Vol. three Museum, $1; twenty Nos. of Oologist, back of 1896, $1; B-flat cornet. $8 ; three-inch T-perches painted white or nat- ural finish, 10c each. Will give 50c per 100 in exchange for any of the following tobacco tags : Star, Good Luck, Hor.-3e Shoe, Master Work- man, Standard Navy, Old Honesty, Drummond Natural Leaf, Sickle Planet,Cross Bow,Brandy Wine, NoDby Spun Roll, Spear Head, Neptune, J. T. Win also give 40c per 100 in cash. E. L. HALEY, Rangeley, Me. 176 50 THE OOLOGIST. WANTED:— Al sets Nos. 83, 172, 192, 193, 206, 210, 228. 258a. 261, S86, 301,302,310.478,486,618, 701. Can Offer good sets, Belgian Hares, Abys- sinian and English Cavies, Fancy Pigeons and Pit Games. ALMON E. KIBBE, Mayville, N. Y. 175 WANTED:— Sets of 58, 64, 76, 137, 139, 261, 273, 337, 339, 373, 387, 388, 390, 393, 394. 501 ■ 611, 614 fand others, especially 218, 230. 334, 364. Exchange or cash. All answered. A. E. PRICE, Grant Park, Ills. 177 "I think the Oologist is the finest advertis^ ing medium in existence." ROY H. BULiLIS, Winnebago City, Minn. "My ads. in the Oologist always pay me be- yond my expectations." A. E. PRICE, Grant Park, Ills. "Since my ad. appeared in February number of Oologist I have received letters from all over the country and I could sell or exchange 100 ssts if I had them." JOHN D. CURRIE, Minn. FOR SALiE:— Fancy and common Geodes, ranging in price from 25c. to $5.00; halfs from 10c to 50c. Special rates to colleges aad mu- seums. H. K. McLELLiAN, Hamilton, Han- cock Co., Illinois. 179 WANTED.— Indian relics and Buffalo robes. Will pay cash or make good exchange Noth- ing but genuine goods wanted. CHARLES BARNUM, Utica, N. Y. Wanted.— Bird and mammal skins, eggs, Indian relics, minerals, shells, coins, stamps, insects. Correspondence solicited. EUGENE WOOD, Fishkill, N. Y. SPECIAL. NOTICE.— Will collect sets or ser- iesof6,77 219,221,261,337, 467, 497 and 614. Look over my ads. in March Oologist. Write me at once. ROY H. BULLIS, Winnebago City, Minn. FREE.— Wishing to get statistics regarding my Collectors' Tool from different localities, I make the following offer : 1st prize, set 428 n-2, for the most noteworthy instance of collecting with the tool; 2d prize, set 729 1-3, for securing eggs furthest out on limb; 3d prize, a year's subscription to Oologist, for securing eggs highest above collector. Other special instan- ces rewarded. Artificially placed eggs not al- lowed. Prizes awarded and result announced in August. J. R. NO WELL, Anderson, S. C. SPRING snaps:— One fine White Pelican skin, $4.00; choice fresh Snowy Owl skins, $3.60, 83 fO; fresh Great Horned Owl skins, $1.75 each; fine Wolf skins for rugs, with heads, skulls, legs and claws complete. $2.50 each. Mounted birds: Sharp-tailed Grouse. $2 50; Ruffed Grouse. $2.00: Prairie Hens. $2.25: Pine Gros- beaks, 60c: pair N. Hairy Woodpeckers. $1.50, on stump; Spruce Grouse, $2.25; A. Bittern, $1.50; almost white Snowy Owl, $10 00; a quan- tity of Elk teeth, $'5.00 per dozen. All A-1 speci- mens, prepaid, at prices quoted. Scalps and heads of Moose and Elk for sale. Buffalo horns polished at 50c to $1.00 a pair, matched pairs. Order from CHRIS. P. FORGE, Taxidermist and Collector, Carman, Manitoba. COLLECTION of eggs for sale cheap; Ist- class eggs: 387 1-6, 511b 1 3, 506 1 2,498 1 3.593 1-4, 477 1-4, 622 1-4. 736 1 4, 705 1-4; singles: 80,71,65,30, 128,223; Redstart,end-blown eggs : 121 1-3.211 1-4; singles: 488, 27, 416, 201, B13, 703; entire lot for $4.25, post-paid. WILL D. WEST, Ocean Springs, Miss. WANTED.— At once cash or exchange, back numbers of any the following: The Oologist, published by S. L. Willard, '75 to '80. Vols. I to V, Ornithologist and Oologist Vol. VI, Canadian Sportsman and Naturalist, Vol. I, No. 10; Observer, Vol. I. Nos. 2 and 5; Wilson Bulletins, Nos. 1 to 4; The Hummer, Vol. I, No. 4; Hoosier Naturalist, Vol. Ill, No. 1, and any No. after No. 6. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. EG as TO EXCHANGE.— For others not in my collection. A few sets each of following, A. O. U. numbers : 201,388,390,412 438,414 456,461 467, 488 494,495,498,501,507 511,529,540,563.563 581,587,595, 598,608 613.619.924,629,652 659,674,681 685,687,704,705, 721, 725, 755, 761. Have also a few sets of better kinds, which might possibly exchange. All eggs self-collected and prepared, and in finest possible condition. Want only A-1, absolutely reliable sets preferably New England eggs, in exchange. JOHN GATH, Box 2J. Torrington, Conn FENIKESE A reminiscent sketch of Agassiz famous Summer School. A 96 page book of much interest to students of Nature, Read ^vbat otbers say: "Have found it extremely interesting read- ing,"—Henry Pbime, Garden City, L. I, "I en,ioyed the book [Penikese] very much." — W. W. Kinsley (Supt. of Schools) Grand Ledge, Mich. "It is both instructive and entertaining and deserves a place in the library of every student of nature."— W. D. Lynn, Canfield, O. "I have just finished reading 'Penikese' and can say that I have enjoyed it exceedingly. Anything looking toward keeping green the memory of the great Agassiz should be of in- terest to the teacher of biology and no period of his life is more interesting than the years spent in building up the laboratory on Peni- kese."—W. P. Hay (Prof. Biology, HighSchool) Washington, D. C. "I have read the book [Penikese] with great interest and think it an admirable remini- scence of one of the greatest naturalists of the nineteenth century. The name of Agassiz is assuredly treasured by all true lovers of na- ture and his methods of study have left a strik- ing impress on present-day workers."— (Rev.) Robert Blight, Green Lane, Pa. Price only 25c (reduced from 35c). Prepaid. FRANK H. LATTIN, Pub'r, Albion, N. Y. THIS PAPER is printed at the Book and Magazine Publishing House of A. M. EDDY, Albion, N. Y. THE OOLOGIST. 51 "You might as well be out of the Bird World al- together as go without THE OSPREY." ^HR OSPRRY, An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular Ornithology. Edited by Theodore Gill, in Co-op- eration witii Robert Ridgway, L. Stejneger, C. W. Riclimond and Other EminentOrnithoSogists. The Osprey does not keep a poet, but it has an office cat who can catch more birds than all the poets put to- f ether. If you don't believe this, read 'he Osprey. If you want to buy, sell or exchange specimens, advertise in The Osprey. If you want to keep in with other Bird Men, subscribe for The Osprey. If you want to write about Birds, you can do it in The Osprey, provided you know how to write. If you like a beautifully printed and pro- fusely illustrated magazine, all about Birds you must have The Osprey. Terms— One Dollar a Year. Published by THE OSPRBY COMPANY, 321-323 41^ St., Washington, D. C. COLLECTOR'S TOOL. A POCKET INSTRUMENTFORTREE COLLECTING SAVES EGGS.DANGER.TIME. Send Stamp for Circular. (179) J. Rowland Nowell, Portman, S. C. 50 YEARS» lENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights Ac. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an Invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific Jtmcrican. A handsomely illustrated weekly. I^argest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a year ; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MllNN4Co.36iBroadway.NewYork Branch Office. 626 F St.. Washington, D. C. The Condor for igoi. This popular Californian, illu.strated maga- zine of ornithology begins its third volume with 1901, and its issues range from 24 to 32 pages in size. It controls the output of West- ern material, and prints the most interesting and valuable articles to be found in any "bird" journal. New features have been introduced for 1901, which will serve to make THE CON- DOR a leader ! The March (1901) number is one of extreme interest, containing among other things a charming article on the nesting of the Golden Eagle by R. H. Beck, illustrated with three full page plates depicting nests In various rugged situations Mr. E. H. Skinner contributes a valuable and most interesting illustrated ar- ticle on the nesting habits of Giraud's Fly- catcher in its Mexican home, and other inter- esting papers are presented by Joseph Grin- nell, A. W. Anthony, R. D. Lusk and other well known contributors. A copy of this valuable number will be sent for 20 cents in stamps. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION, $1 ; VOL. II CAN ALSO BE SUPPLIED AT$1. The Cooper Ornithological Club also oflers for sale its new 80-page publication on "The Birds of the Kotzebue Sound Region, Alaska," by that well-known writer, Joseph Grinnell. This will be sent on approval; price 75 cents, postpaid. Address all orders for sample copies, sub- scriptions or communications to C BARLOW, Editor and Business Mgr., Santa Clara, Cal. Buy a Postal Card, Write your name and address on back and mail to me. YOU WILL RECEIVE, New Lists of Birds Eorgs, Minerals, In- dian Relics and all Naturalist's Supplies. Ready to mail. Address. ERNEST H. SHORT, Box 173 Rochester, N. Y. (Formerly Albion, N. Y.) JAMES P. BABBITT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird Skins, Eggs & Publications. Fine Imported Glass Eyes a Specialty. Illustrated Catalogue and large monthly bulle- tin of bargains in Birds Skins and Eggs free upon application. TAUNTON, MASS. -52 THE OOLOGIST. Vol. I, No. I, was issued April 20th. It contains 2 full page plates of shells, etc. ■^>^ "^"'^ "FILLS A LONG FELT WANT." Read what the collectors, dealers and publishers have to say about the CURIO MONTHLY ; the " A. S. of C. C. " and the A. S. of C. C. Bulletin No. i. ABOUT THE CURIO MONTHLY. Monroe, Mich., 3-22, '01. "Am glad you are going to publish the Curio Monthly." Geo. F. Heath, Editor and Pub. The Numismatist. East Orange, N. .J., 3 30, '01. "I wish you all success." Arthur Chamberlain, Editor Mineral Collector. ABOUT THE "A. S. OF C. C. Sault St. Marie, Ont , Can., 3-2.5, 1901. "Allow me to shake you by the hand for your efforts, which have, and shall be, rewarded in securing members for the A. S. of C. C. • * You are on the right line so keep right at it. And you have some grand helpers there in your Society. (Rev.) Wm. A. McLaughlin. About the A. S. of C. C. BULLETIN, No. I. Providence, R. I., 3 25, 1901. "Your Bulletin was ALL RIGHT." Prof. C. Abbott Davis. NOTE— The Bulletin (8 pages) will be sent free to those asking for a copy. 'T^L C^tt*^\f\ rVI rkri-i-|-»lt/ (16 pages and cover) is only 25c per year to non-mem- I nC V>UriO I'lUntniy bersoftheA. S. ofC. C. Membership costs 35c. Free use of the Identihcation Bureau, Official Organ, Bulletin, etc. The "Curio'' has the largest number of ''exchanges" of any scientific magazine -puhlished in the V. 8. SUBSCRIBE NOW—ONLY 25 cts. per year- Send an Ex- notice, 25 words, with your subscription- (Advertising rates made known on application.) Address, AL.LEN JEISSE KBYNOLvDS, Pub. CONNERSVILLE, INDIANA. THE BEST ILLUSTRATED BIRD MAGAZINE EVER PUBLISHED. It gives the LIFE HISTORIES and FINE ILLUSTRATIONS of 4 or j N. A. BIRDS every month. The egg of each is shown FULL SIZE. It also contains short, interesting stories about birds. ONLY 50 CTS. A YEAR. SAMPLE COPY FREE. SUBSCRIBE ^OW. CHAS. K. REED, Sta. A, WORCESTE.R. MASS. The OoLOGiST. VOL. XVIII. NO. 4. ALBION. N. Y., APRIL. 1901. Whole No. 175 Who Is An Oologist? That is a question often asked with- out being properly answered. The ue- ual reply is: "He is an egg collector." In part such an answer is correct, but only in part, and it is not a very just description, for one may be an egg col- lector without being an oologist, and one may even, at this period of camera perfection and enlightened methods of bird study, be an oologist without being an egg collector. Hence, it is evident that for the sake of classification, it is not untimely to ask the question: Who is an oologist? And it may be of advantage to consider the subject carefully, with a view of finding a comprehensive answer to the ques- tion. Firstly, then, let us inquire whether an egg collector is an oologist and if there is not some further requirement than that of being an egg collector in order that he may correctly be called an "oologist." Ornithology is a science and oology is a branch of ornithology, and a science. An oologist is a scientist, for his object in pursuing the investigation of oology is to increase the koowledge of the sub- ject; to add to science, or to add to his own knowledge. In ordei to do this, that he may have specimens for use in studying the various types and varia- tions, colors and patterns, he collects birds' eggs, and he is, perhaps, justified in collecting, for his purpose is a good one. But there are persons who collect birds' eggs merely for the whim of col- lecting, after the manner of the small boy who collects tobacco tags, without any higher aim than just to possess a big collection or as a paslime. Are such persons "oologists?" Assuredly not, but they are often times honored with the name. They really belong in the same category with the small boy. Then, why should they be called oologists? There is no reason why they should, for they have no claim to the name. Further, we will ask: Is an oologist as3ienlisl? Most assuredly so, yet he may not wish to add to science any fur- ther than the increasing of his own in- formation; but that does not wholly bar him from being a scientist. Of course, he would have a clearer title if he were liberal with the facts he gleans in his investigations and observations. Yet if he is the right kind of oologist, the kind that collects eggs for the purpose of study, he may justly be called a scient- ist. And if he is, shall he not have an exclusive name? That is just the point. The name "oologist" is too often mis- applied. It is applied to shield the in- discriminate collecting of the small boy, the wanton collecting of the mere egg collector, and those persons whose only object is to own a collection. So it see^ns well to separate and class- ify 6gg collectors into three classes for the convenience of reference: Oologists, 1st. class. Such persons as collect eggs for the purpose of study, for the increase of knowledge as to the contour, coloration, measurement, var- iation of birds' eggs; the advancement of information respecting the nesting habits of birds, their manner of nest building, the effect of food and special environment upon the color of eggs; the length of time between the depositing of each egg of a set; the resemblance of sets of eggs taken from same pairs of birds in consecutive years; length of in- cubation, and any other facts of value. Oologists, 2d class. Such persons as 54 THE OOLOGIST. investigate and observe along the lines mentioned, but vpho do not believe in flgg collecting; who, with aid of camera and note book, observe facts and study the coloration of eggs, manner of nest- ing, etc., without disturbing nests or eggs- Egg collectors, 3d class. (Not oolo- gists at all,) who collect eggs merely to be collectmg; amass collections, merely to be amassing; whose insatiate yearn- ing is to add and add without any just motive, without any beneficial end. This class includes the small boy who, ignorant of the harm he does, collects indiscriminately; but not the small boy with a real desire to study and who col- lects sparingly and makes good use of the little he collects. With the present wave of bird protec- tion sweeping the country and the war justly waged by the Audubon society being carried forcibly on, there is no reason why this 3d class of so called oologists{but who are really not oologists at all, but simply egg collectors) should not be harshly dealt with. It would simply help real oology and tend to draw the distinction which is needed between the collecting for scientific rea- sons by oologists, and the collecting for the sake of collecting by mere egg col- lectors. John W. Daniel, Jr., Washington, D. C. Two Odd Sets. The American Crow in Knox County, Illinois, is an abundant bird, as it is throughout the Illinois corn belt. Ev- ery available timber or grove has its occupants during breeding spason in accordance witb the favorable growth of the trees and the location. I do not think that these birds return to the same timber or grove year after year, although undoubtedly may be found in the same neighborhood of former nest- ing sites. From my observation, how- ever, the second laying has invariably been found to be close by the site of the first nest, unless in very exceptional cases. This peculiarity makes it possi- ble, although not probable, that two separate pairs of birds laid very excep- tionally colored eggs in the same season and only a few miles apart. There were collected on March 31, 1894 a set of five eggs of the American Crow which have a distinct ground color of light brown, showing not a sign of bluish greeo, spotted quite gen- erally with small dots of black more abundant around the large end, and an occasional dot which might tinge on purple. One egg is marked thickly with around the small end, and all the eggs are uciform and of the average size. The bird flew off its nest on ap- proach but remained nearby. The nest was typical of the Crow and was placed in a triple crotch of an oak tree in thick timber forty feet fiom tie ground. Some two weeks later another col- lector found a set of four in a timber four miles to the south. The markings on these eggs were more blotched and decidedly more purple in color, dis- tinctly brown in shade but lighter than the former set and eggs average, a trifle larger. Nest construction was almost the same, but the second nest was situ- ated nearer to the ground. A visit to the site of the former nest indicated no cause for a change. I looked thorough- ly for a second nest but without result, and I concluded both sets were from the same birds. These two sets are the only ones with the peculiar ground color which have come to my notice in that locality or elsewhere. Unmarked eggs and eggs widely differing in size and coloration are, however, frequently found. H. M Holland, San Diego, Cal. THE OOLOGIST. 59 Gleanings from My Note Book. {Continued from last issue.) April 18— Barn Swallows arrived here today— 8 of them. Yesterday I noted Flickers for the first time. About 50 Gulls arrived this morning. April 22. — It rained last night so I left my ''bike" at home and went over my 15 miles of Hawk route afoot. An- other climb to the Red-tail's nest re- vealed but two eggs so I put them in my pockets and came down jab by jab, to the tune' of a pair of angry Hawks' screams. While packing the eggs I was surrounded by a band of Ruby- crowned Kingkts, who were being en- tertained by a lot of Chickadees. Just as I left the woods I heard the llute-like voice of the Wilson's Thrush. The second Red tail was near the nest but it was empty and in fact she did not use it nor could I locate her nest anywhere else. From here I crossed over the hills to the valley of Potter Swamp, where bird life differs from any other valley because of so many Woodpeck- ers. Here there are hundreds of old stubs bordering the woods so that no doubt this is the reason of their abund- ance. Nine miles south in my valley, or rather, the first one east of Potter valley, I seldom see a Red-headed Woodpecker, but in Potter valley they are very common, as are the Red- bellied, Yellow-bellied, Hairy and Downy Woodpeckers. From here I turn homeward, deciding to follow the crest of the hills, but it was a long nine mile tramp through birdless fields and woods. In the valleys the air resounds with noisy Flickers, sweet carolings of Vesper Sparrows and other common birds, all in abundance but the hills are yet dreary and barren of bird life. As I neared home I struck for the valleys, crossing several ravines, in which I heard Louisiana Water Thrushes in nearly full song. April 24. — After a short supper and a still shorter cup of coffee, I pushed my wheel up hill for 2 miles to visit a nest of Red-shouldered Hawk. I found her at home but she had laid but two eggs so I left them. This is a late date for this pair to be nesting as I have always taken her full sets by April 12. Later comparison with 5 sets that I had taken out of these woods, which show the same type, prove that this is a new fe- male, which probably accounts for the latef nesting. Spotted Sandpipers ar- rived last night, and Towhees yester- day. April 26.— At 6:30 p. m. I rode my wheel 2 miles and called on a pair of Red-tailed Hawks and although the fe- male looked strong and healthy, and had a vociferous voice, yet she had only exerted herself to lay one egg — and that's all she did lay — so I left it, 65 feet up in a big onk, to tho tender mercies of a group of Crows that were amusing themselves with these Hawks. On my way over I saw a Pied-billed Grebe dabbling in the creek, while overhead a solitary Duck was winging his way northward. After dark I^heard a Wilson's Snipe's "heavenly music" as he zigzagged about over the swamp, which was rudely interrupted by a startled Green Heron who emptied the contents of his voice upon the air. April 28.— Four "Bluebills" (Lesser Scaup Ducks) were shot on the lake yesterday. This morning at 5 a. m. I found a new pair of Red-shouldered Hawks, nesting in a swampy woods near town. The female left the nest as I was passing by, and put up a "holler" fur the male who "cackled" his delight at seeing me take his 3 eggs, which were slightly incubated. The nest was an old one, 50 feet up in a big beech tree, and was lined with the ever pres- ent branches of evergreen, dead leaves, pieces of bark, and all being beautifully flecked with fluttering downy feathers from breast of Hawk. THE OOLOGIST. This evening I visited a nest of Red- shouldered Hawk about 2 miles away. I had lost track of this pair for 3 or 4 years, but at last they had come back to their old home, 50 feet up in a shag bark hickory tree. She left the nest slowly and without any fear, while I also climbed to the nest slowly without any fear, but judging by the amount of bark at the base of the tree, when I got down, there could not have been very much left on it. However I felt repaid for my lacerated trousers — and feelings — for I brought down a set of 4 eggs. About one mile away I called on an- other old nest, but the Hawks were not there so I crossed a field to another swampy woods, where I found her sit- ting on 3 eggs slightly incubated. The nest was just 40 feet, 5 inches up in a nearly dead birch tree, and was an old nest relined with bark strips, pieces of bark, and decorated with downy feath- ers. As I coasted homeward I heard many Wilson's Thrushes and I remark- ed that it is noticeable how they seem to be common on the hills but never heard as yet in the valley woods. April 29. — My trip today was over my main Red-shouldered Hawk route. It was a beautiful day— quite hot in the sun, but rather chilly in the shade. Leaving home at 6 a. m. I tramped nearly 6 miles, visiting two orchards before I found B. lineatus at home. This nest was just 27 feet up in birch tree, in woods on hillside. When the sitting female saw me approaching she put up a "boiler" and half standing over the eggs she kept uttering cry after cry, and I soon found the reason for her fear for nestled in the lin- ing of pine sprigs, bark strips, grass and moss were 4 large beautiful eggs. She only flew into near by trees— her "cries" soon calling the male, but he was very moderate. It is noticeable that the males' cries are more of a.cackle than the females'. He must have been far away for it took him about three minutes to respond to the female's cry for assistance. I next visited a small woods down in the valley where 1 collected a set of 4 last year, but this time I did not get a smell although a male's actions led me to believe that he had a nest near by, but I found a pair of Crows nesticg in same tree — their nest being placed about 10 feet under the Hawk's old nest. Continuing on up the west slope I visited three old nests but found the woods Hawkless. Returning to the east slope I found that a pair of Red- shouldered Hawks had fitted up an old Crow's nest in a dry thin strip of woods. The nest was about 50 feet up in a big maple tree and was lined with chunks of bark, pine sprigs, moss, and stuccoed with white downy feathers that fluttered like so many tiny flags. The distribution of these Hawks in my section varies every year. Some years they are abundant, then other years are not near so common. I visited in all 10 nests in as many woods and only found two sets of four eggs. Several years I have taken as many as seven sets over this route. April 30. — This evening I took a walk in near by woods jutt for pleasure, lit- tle expecting to take anything. 1 was therefore somewhat surprised to flush a Red-tailed Hawk out of a piae tree and a nest where I took a set of Crow's eggs last year. She had fixed the nest over with pine branches, bag strings, bark strips, grass and hen feathers. On the rim lay an old nest of Red-eyed Vireo. I have been acquainted with this pair of Red-tails for five years and have found them very changeable in regard to nesting. Some years they take up their abode in woods border- ing a big ravine across the valley where they have two nests about one-half mile apart. Again they come oyer to the west slope where they also have THE OOLOGIST. 61 two nesis that they jijenerally fix up be- fore deciding which one to use. Red-shouldered Hawks frequently adorn two nests before using either, and one pair that I know of fixed up three nests and then left me to guess where they finally nested. C. F. Stone, Branchport. N. Y, ( To he continued. \ The Red-tailed Hawk in Illinois. Central By far the most common all-the-year- round Hawk in this section of the coun- try. Iq the early Spring and in the Autumn this species may be seen by anyone that is in the least observant of nature and her doings, hovering in varying numbers over stubble-fields and meadows, and in the Winter sea- son sailing across cornfields in search of its "daily bread," which consists principally of mice and rabbits with an occasional small bird by way of a desert and on comparatively rare occasions the barnyard will be invaded and an unlucky chicken or duck carried away for a "Sunday dinner." Or during these same seasons if he is not out looking for a dinner he will be seen sitting quietly in a cottonwood tree by the roadside, where he is ever on the alert and "scents danger afar" as anyone carrying a gun who has tried to get in shooting range of him can testify. Sometimes, however, if you are in a buggy you can approach very near the tree before he takes flight, and occas- ionally he will even be so trustful (when you do not happen to have a "conceal- ed weapon") as to allow you to drive by, within maybe 30 feet of the tree, without appearing to notice vou. ^During the nesting season and the time of rearing the young they con- fine themselves more exclusively to the timber. More of this species are killed by the farmers and hunters in this locality than of all other species of Hawks com- bined: because in the first place they are probably as numerous as all other resident species combined, and second- ly and more important they are more inclined to get away from the woods in search of food, and this "coming out of the woods" as it were makes them more conspicuous and thus a target for the shotgun. Their nesting begins early in the springtime, their first sets usually be- ing completed between the 15th and 35th of March. Only one set is laid in a season unless the first is destroyed, when a second set will be laid and if that too be destroyed a third and even possibly a fourth may sometimes be laid under similar circumstances. However I have never taken more than three sets from the same pair in one season. When more than one set is laid I have found the interval between sets to average about 23 days. My ex- perience has been that sets of two and three are about equally numerous. For their nesting site they almost in- variably choose one of the tallest trees if not the tallest tree in any particular piece of timber, and usually the most inaccessible possible position on the upper and outer branches of the tree is where the nest will be found, although the position in the tree or rather the distance from the trunk of the tree will, vary more than the height of the nest in the tree or the height of the tree. The general height of the nests in this coun- ty (Champaign) is from 69 to 110 feet, with perhaps an average of 80 to 85 feet. Of course an occasional nest will be found on either side of the above limi s. There sesms to to no preference shown for at)y particular species or variety of tree. The only question on this subject that seems to interest them is, "Is it aiaZZtree'?" And if this can THE OOLOGIST. be answered in the affirmative that tree is as likely to be chosen for a nesting site as any other tree of the same height whatever the species. Contrary to what seems to be the rule in some sections of the country, they, in this locality, rarely occupy the same nest more than one season, an entirely new one (usually not far from the old one) being constructed each year, or two, three or four in a year if that num- ber of sets are laid. After incubation has begun they are,, as a rule, very close sitters, refusing to leave the nest till you are under the tree and sometimes not until you have rap- ped repeatedly on the trunk of the tree or thrown several clubs among the limbs. I recall one instance in which I failed to dislodge the female from her nest by even these proceedings, al- though I rapped heavily and repeated- ly on the tree trunk and threw clubs until my arms were tired, several of the clubs going very close to her. She stuck to her nest till my climber was within 20 feet of her before she took flight. Almost without exception the sets from a pair of birds show a marked in- dividuality as to the number of eges in a set, siz9, shape and ground color of the individual eggs, and color or colors and degree and intensity of the mark- ings. My experience has suggested to me that the plain or very slightly marked sets are laid by young females, ^d that as the age of the female in- creases the degree and intensity of the shell markings increase till the limit for that particular female is reached. Have any of my readers made obser vations upon this point? If so, did the degree and intensity of the markings increase with the age of the bird up to a certain limit, or did it nof} What is more exhilerating and enj 3y- able than a drive to the country and a tramp through the woods in the middle of the Red-tailed Hawk season (April 1st to 15th) a time when all nature is just beginning to put forth the buds of a new life? What more interesting than to watch a Red-tailed Hawk sail- ing, floating back and forth across a field, now moving swiftly for a few paces as though borne by a brisk breeze and again hovering for moments above a spot as though caught in a dead calm and all the while with scarcely a visible movement of those majastic sails? What will more tend to draw one's thoughts from the things of earth and to direct his mihd to that great home above to which all mankind should as- pire, to impress upon him the great wisdom and goodness of his Creator, than to watch a Red-tailed Hawk when he takes upon himself the role of a Sky- lark and soars, at first in broad and sweeping circles, each one a little high- er than the preceding, and then in gradually narrowing zones, but ever "onward and ujnvard" till he is a mere speck outlined against the blue sky and then at last the eye can follow him no more and he disappears from view as though the very gates of Heaven had opened and allowed him to enter in? R. L. Jessee, M. D., Philo, 111. dueer Nesting-. In the December Oologist I notice that A. G. Prill of Scio, Oregon, men- tions finding "a nest of the Mountain Partridge containing 11 eggs of this bird and 9 eggs of the Riag Pheasant." He says that this is the first time that such an occurrence has come under his observation, and that the Partridge was sitting on the eggs and the Ring Pheas- ant was not about. I do not wish to make any corrections to Ur. Prill's notes, but simply wish to add a few words, as I have had some experience aloag the same line. I have found the eggs of the Ring Pheasant in other bird's nests at least a THE OOLOGIST. 6S score of times and ii every case the Pheasant left and the other bird did the incubating. Have often found from one to eight (usually three or four) of their eggs in the nests of the Mountain Partridge, Oregon Ruffed Grouse and the Sooty Grouse and even ia the nests of domes- tic hens. Have found nests which con- tained eggs of the Ring Pheasant, Sooty Grouse and Mountain Partridge. Each time the Sooty Grouse was incu- bating all the eggs. I have also found nests containing eggs of the Ring Pheas- ant, Mountain Partridge and Oregon Ruffed Grouse, the latter doing the in- cubating. A friend of mine informs me that he found a nest which contained 6 eggs of the Ring Pheasant, 6 Sooty Grouse, 4 Oregon Ruffad Grouse and 3 Mountain Partridge eggs and t ie Sooty Grouse was sitting on the eggs. As to what would become of the young hatched from such a "mix up" as this I can't say; but I know of one case, two or three years since, o' a Sooty Grouse hatchirg five young Grouse and three youag Ring Pheas- ants. She soon took them all to a wheat-field where I oltea saw tham. As soon as they were o'd enough to fly the Grouse mother would, when dis- turbed, fly up into an old dead fir tree and call and the young would all fol- low her, Grouse and Pheasants alike. Two of tho Pheasants were male^ and it was a rare sight to see them, with their long tails, sitting up on the iimbs of an old dead fir tree, with the Grouse. Ellis P. Hadley, Dayton, Oregon. INDIAN BASKETS, Indian Beaded Buckskin Sioux Relics j Indian Photos, Indian Pottery- Indian Weapons. Elk Teeth, Mex- ican Hand Carved Leather Goods Mexican Drawn Linens, Shells, Minerals, Fos sils. Ancient ^tone Relics, Oregon Tiny Arrow heads. Fossil Fishes, Fossil Leaves, Corals Agate Jewelry, Curios. Wholesale and Retail 16th year. Two-story building full. New cat. No. 10, 40 pages, finely lllus., for 5c. L.W.STIL WELL. Deadwood. S. Dak. Books FOR THE Ornithologist On the four center pages of this month's Oologist I offer a goodly list of books, etc., devoted to mat- ters ornithologically. All are pre- paid at prices quoted. At date of going to press, (April 15th) the following titles have been sold: BOOKS. Architecture of Birds. Beckstein, Cage Birds (95c copy.) Cassin. Birds, China and Japan. Coues, Field Ornithology (Salem.) Gentry, Life Hi-tories of Birds of Pa. Jardine, Birds of Prey. St. John, Life of Audubon. Studer's Birds of North America. And the titles by the following authors, viz: Atkinson, Barrows. Bigland, Cooper, Elliott, Murdock, Raine, Scott, Townseni, and White- head PAMPHLETS, EXCERPTS. ETC. Titles by the following authors : Bendire. Brewster. Cantwell, Cooke, Coues, Coues & Prentiss, Knight, McChesney, Ridg- way, Palmen, Palmer. REMEMBER^ An order for books amounting to $1.00 or over entitles you to the OoLOGis r for i go i . Always address plainly FRANK H, LATTIN, M, D„ Albion, Orleans Connty, N. I. 61 THE OOLOGISl A Big Dollar Offer BIRDS AND NATURE Six Months, 3.90 50 PICTURES IN COLORS, 2c l.OO BOTH FOR ONLY ^1.00. Nature In order to secure a good many new subscribers to Diviflf 1 DllUf I offer a six months' trial subscription and 50 col- ored pictures for only ^i.oo. Any other pictures may be substituted from my list of 408. "Birds and Nature" is the only periodical in the world illustrated each month by 8 full page plates of birds, animals, plants, etc., in colors true to nature. The plates are 8x10 inches, suitable for framing. You can't afford to miss this offer: "Birds and Nature" 6 months and the following 50 beautiful pictures for $1.00. Order now. Osprey. ^ Sora Kail. Kentucky Warbler. Red-breasted Merganser. Yellow Legs. Skylark. VI ilson's Phalarope. Evening Grosbeak. Turkey Vulture. Gambel's Partridge Summer Yellow Bird. Hermit Thrush Song Sparrow Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Ruby-throated Humming Bd House Wren. Phoebe. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Mourning Dove. White-breasted Nuthatch. Blackburniaa Warbler. Gold Finch. Chimney Swift. HornedLark. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. 96 Warbling Vireo. 97 Wood Pewee 98 Snow Bunting. 99 Junco. 100 Kingbird. 101 Summer Tanager. 102 White-fronted Goose. 103 Turnstone. 104 Belt d Piping Plover. 105 Wild Turkey. 106 Cerulean Warbler. 107 Yellow-billed Tropic Bird. 108 European Kingfisher. 109 Vermilion Flycatcher. 110 Lazuli Bunting. 1 1 1 Mountain Blue Bird. 112 English Sparrow. 113 Allen's Humming Bird. 114 Green-winged Teal. 11.5 Black Grouse. 116 Flamingo. 117 Verdin. 118 Bronzed Grrckle. 119 Ring-necked Pheasant. 120 Yellow-breasted Chat. "I enclose check for $5.40 for which kindly send "Birds and Nature" for 1901, in- cludingr back numbers '97, '98, '99, 1900." Greencastle, lad., March 6t,h, 1901. I. B. DeMotte. "Eaclosed find check for $9.60, for which you will please send me the four double volumes of "Birds and Nature;" also subscription for one year " Covington, Ky , March 8 h, 1901. Chas. G. Pieck, M. D. "Having been a close ohsprver of birds all my life, and being perfectly familiar wi'^h most of the bird* of Michijjan, I will say without hesitation that the books entitled " Bird^ and Nature" are wiihout exception the tioest works kuown to me on that feubj'ict. The plates are excellent and the descriptions accurate, and I would hereby recommend the work t ' any and all persons desiring to gain a knowledge of one of th'* most interesting of all studies, viz , ornithology. The price of the work places it within the reach of all who may be interested in that line." Ypsilanti, Mich., March Sd, 1901. Dr. John VanFossen. A. W. MUMFORD, PUBLISHER, 203 MICHIGAN AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILL. The Oologist A MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. VOL. XVIII. NO. 5. ALBION, N. Y., MAY, 190L Whole No. 176 Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales. Brief special announcements, "Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In this department for 25c per 25 words. Notices over 25 words, charged at the rate of one-half cent per each additional word. No notice Inserted for less than 25c. Terms, cash with order. Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted tn payment at one-third list rates. What's Your Number? Examine the number following your name on the wrapper of this month's Oologist. It denotes when your subscription expired or ■win expire. No. 176 your subscription expires with this issue 180 " " " " Sept., '• 184 •' '• " " Dec, " 190 " " " " June, 1902 Intermediate numbers can easily be deter- mined. If we have you credited wrong we wish to rectify. IMPART SIIT This May Oologist was is- IJUruniAni. sued May Sd. The June is- sue will be printed on May 25th. Copy intended for that issue must be forwarded by return mail. COLUMBIAN CHAINLESS. 1901 model. If you waat a bargain, part cash Tand part eggs, write me at once. Cheaper wheels too. BEN- JAMIN HOAG, Stephentown, New York. TO EXCHANGE.— Birds Eggs, Minerals, Books, Magazines and Autographs for Thor- oughbred Poultry or Eggs, Pet Birds, Auto- graphs and Sea Curios. F. O. NELSON, Me- ridian, Ada Co. , Idado. FOR SALE CHEAP.— A 850.00 No 15 32 35 Maynard target rifle with case and reloading tools, or exchange for desirable eggs in sets. E. J. DARLINGTON, Wilmington, Del. YOU WILL WISH for Nowell's Col- lectors' Tool while In the woods this spring. Don't reproach yourself after it Is too late- order one now. J. R. NOWELL, Anderson, S.C. TO EXCHANGE.— Al Skins of New York birds for those of other localities. Any person sending $1.00 for subscription to Recreation will receive four prize bird photos (from life). GEO. C. EMBODY, Hamilton, N. Y. DON'T FAIL to try my new Egg Drills. You want them now. Your money back if not O. K. 4 selected sizes $1.00. Sample small size 25c. They cut the lining. Every mail brings me letters speaking in highest praise of their work. BENJAMIN HOAG, Stephentown, New York. FOR SALE.— Homing Pigeons, one dollar per pair. The birds are all from .=500 mile a day bird imported from New York. Parties should address LENS FARM, Pioneer, Iowa. WANTED.— Sets of Hummers with nests. Loon, Osprey, Broad-wing, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Great-crested Flycatcher and many oth- ers. Lots of exchange in Books, Periodicals, Tools. Supplies, anything I sell or cash. BEN- JAMIN HOAG, Stephentown. New York. WANTED to buy for cash.— Rare singles of all birds eggs from No. 1 to 380 and fine, perfect sets of eggs from 380 to 768, also rare small skins. Must be cheap for spot cash. De- sired only for private collection. K. B. MATHES. 154 Ellicott St.. Buffalo. N. Y. EXCHANGE.— Stevens 44 cal. "Premier" Rifle. 50 everlasting shells, tools for smaller cal. 25 or 32. Colt 41 cal. Pocket Revolver. Ban- jo, tags for Colt or S. & W. Revolver 32 cal. F. H. RICKER. Box 38. Lisbon. Me. BOTANICAL SPECIMENS for sale; or ex- change for southern, western or Canadian spe- cies. Also a Yellow Rail skin to exchange for best offer In birds eggs. THOS. A. BONSER, Carey. Ohio. COLLECTORS ATTENTION !— Have you seen my water blower for 1901? The finest thing for eggs to date. For sale or exchange for sets at H list price. M. J. CONWAY, 584 6th Ave., Lanslngburg. N. Y. TO EXCHANGE with western collectors, one pair heavy climbers, to be shipped from near Kansas City, with or without straps Can use sets or singles of 29, 53. 74. 77. 125, 140. 212, 214, 819. 221. ;61. 278. 293a. S92. 294. S97a, 305, 325, 331, 339b, 342. 362, .S73c 397. 399. 408, 429, 430, 431, 452, 546, 552. 554b, 561, 601, 611. 612. 616. any Shrike, VIreo, Warbler oj Chickadee. 758. 746. 742, 743a. Address ERNEST H. SHORT, Box 173, Roch- ester. N. Y. FREE.— Wishing to get statistics regarding my Collectors' Tool from different localities, I make the following offer : 1st prize, set 428 n-2, for the most noteworthy instance of collecting with the tool; 2d prize, set 729 1-3, for securing eggs furthest out on limb; 3d prize, a year's subscription to Oologist, for securing eggs highest above collector. Other special Instan- ces rewarded. Artificially placed eggs not al- lowed. Prizes awarded and result announced in August. J. R. NOWELL, Anderson, S. C. 66 THE OOLOGIST. WANTED.— Sets of eggs containing abnor- mal specimens, such as runts, albinos, mon- strocitles, abnormally colored or shaped eggs. Will give cash or good exchange. J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Pa. 101 WANTED:— Sets of 58, 64, 76, 137, 139, 261, 273, 337, 339, 373, 387, 388, 390, 393, 394, 501- 611. 614 [and others, especially 218, 230. 334, 364. Exchange or cash. All answered. A. E. PRICE, Grant Park, Ills. 177 FOR SALE:— Fancy and common Geodes, ranging in price from 25c. to $5.00; halfs from 10c to 50c. Special rates to colleges and mu- seums. H. K. McLELLAN, Hamilton, Han- cock Co. , Illinois. 179 OOLOGISTS WANTED:— Will pay 50cts. each cash for one of each June 1888, and April 1889, and will give an exchange notice, or cou- pon good for one, for copies of the January 1895 and April 1899 issue, a notice for each copy. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N, Y. WILL, COLLECT unusually fine sets this spring at ^ cat. rates for cash. Datas will be models. Get list of possible takes. "First come, first serve." J. R. NOWELL, Anderson, S. C. FOR SALE.— 1 Timber Wolf skin for mount- ing with skull and leg bones, $10.00; 1 pure white Snowy Owl mounted, $10.00; 1 Almost White, $7.00; 1 Great Horned Owl (subarticus) $3.00; Saw-whet Owl, $1.00; Sharp-tailed Grouse, $2.00; Canada Ruffed Grouse, $2.00; Prairie Hen, $2 00; Spruce Grouse, $2.00; Amer- ican Bittern, $1.50; 3 Cow Moose heads un- mounted, skull and scalp, $6 00 each; Doe Elk, 13.50. All goods prepaid by mail or express. Will send C. O. D. if desired. CHRIS P. FORGE, Taxidermist, Carman, Manitoba. WANTED.— Any complete volume of O. & O., Oologist previous to '95, Auk, and Recreation previous to '97, also Recreation Jan. and Feb. 1900; Osprey Vol. I, Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 11-18; Nid- ologist Vol. I, Nos. 2, 4 and 6; Feather, Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 2; Iowa Ornithologist Vol, I, No, 1 ; Vol. IV, No. 4; Oregon Naturalist, Vol I, Nos. 2, 3 and 4; Ornithologist (England) Vol. I, No. 6; Popular Science News, Vol. XXXII, No. 12; American Osprey, Vol. I, Nos. 1 to 7 inclusive; Bittern (1900) Vol. I, No. 3; Midland Monthly June and August, '97; Western Ornithologist, Vol. I, No. 3; Oologist, July, '88; and many others. Send full list. Will give in exchange for same hundreds of duplicate natural history magazines (many complete volumes), about 60 first class sets with datas, 150 singles, stamps, ancient Indian relics, Western bird skins, a few curios and a number of old medical books. Write at once. All answered. ALBERT F. GANIER, Bow- mar Aye., Vicksburg, Miss. FOR EXCHANGE.— 1 2 5. 3 2-6. 4 3-7, 6 1-7, 16 2-1, 63 1-3, 70 13-3, 77 1-3, 80 3-4, 106 5-1, 12a 1-4, 130 1-9, 141 2-9, 142 1-10, 143 1-6.184 2-3,1912 4, 194 1-4, 199 1-3. 202 2-4.211 1-8, 313 1-10, 239b 1-15, 390 1 7. 477 1-5, 488 1-5, 2 4, 488a 1-4, 497 1-4, 511b 1-5, 540 1-3, 560 2-4, EneliSh Sparrow 2-5, f61 3-4 563 1-4, 1-6. 581 4-5, 593c 1-4, 595 1-4, 613 1-4, 622 1-7, 628a 1-5, 683 1-4, 704 1-4. 705 4-5, 719b 1-6. 721b 1-6, 725 1-4, 2-6, 735 1-7, 761 1-4, 375d 4 2, 481b 2-3. 448 6-5, 1-4, 519 20-5, 7132-4, 3-5, 710a 4 3, and many others. I want to trade these sets for full sets of Limicolae or Raptores or for ornithologlcai publications. For good full sets of Raptoi-es— any species— I will allow 25 per cent, over cata- logne rates. Taylor's list must be basis of ex- change. H. H. DUNN, Fullerton, Calif. WANTED.— May number, 1888, Vol. XXII, American Naturalist. WILLIAM BREW- STER, Cambridge, Mass. WANTED for cash or exchange.— Eggs of Golden Eagle, American Flamingo, Limpkin, Wilson's Snipe and many others. I have on hand these, 59, 202. 221, 226 fine series. 258a 5-4 very fine, 289 1-11,301,331,333, 335. 337, 337a, 366, 487 beautiful series, 51 lb beautiful series. All first class and choice. J. W. PRESTON, Bax- ter, la. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE:— Marlin re- peating rifle 22 cal., nearly new, for pair good Field Glasses; Mandolin for Coues' Key or Ridgway's Manual; mounted birds, Red winged Blackbird 75c, Red-bellied Woodpecker 7,5c, Sparrow Hawk 75c, Quail $1.00, Coot $1.00, Bufflehead $1.50, Squirrel $1.00,, Fox for best offer. Send for photos, 3 years' Anthony's Photographic Bulletins. If interested, write, J. D. ANTHONY, Wauboek, la. WANTED:- Al sets Nos. 83, 172, 192, 193, 206, 210, 228, 258a, 261, 286, 301, 302, 310 478, 486, 618, 701. Can Offer good sets, Belgian Hares, Abys- sinian and English Cavies, Fancy Pigeons and Pit Games. ALMON E. KIBBE, Mayville, N. Y. 177 FOR EXCHANGE.— One Bristol steel rod, $5; eggs in sets; one Davie's key. 5th edition, new, $2 35; complete file Natural Science News, $2; twelve back Nos. Osprey, including seven Nos. of Vol. one, $3; Vol. three Museum, $1; twenty Nos. of Oologist, back of 1896, $1; B-fiat cornet, $8 ; three-inch T-perches painted white or nat- ural finish, 10c each. Will give 50c per 100 in exchange for any of the following tobacco tags : Star, Good Luck, Horse Shoe, Master Work- man, Standard Navy. Old Honesty, Drummond Natural Leaf, Sickle Flanet,Cross Bow, Brandy Wine, Nobby Spun Roll. Spear Head. Neptune, J. T. Will also give 40c per 100 in cash. E. L. HALEY, Rangeley, Me. 176 PEA FOWS.— I have two pair of young Pea Fowls for sale at $5.00 per pair. MATT F. Mc- GLEN, Gaines, Orleans Co , N. Y. PRINTING.— All kinds of printing for col- lectors. 100 envelopes, 100 note heads print- ed by mail 80 cents. Satisfaction guaranteed . Samples, two red stamps. PEARL PRINT - ERY, Cleveland, O. BOYS! If you collect note my SPECIAL OFFER. I will send you by mail postpaid one each of the following eg<'a; American Herring Gull, Gt. Blue Heron. White- faced Glossy Ibis, Ring-necked Pheas- ant, KiUdeer Plover, Burrowing Owl, Road-runner, Red-wing, Dwarf Cow- bird, Mofkingbird, Flicker, Wood Thrush, Indigo Bunting, American Robin and Mourning Dove, all listing at $3.00, for only 72c. New list of sets just issued ERNEST H. SHORT, Rochester, N. Y. THE OOLOGIST. 67 Bro. Lattin says, "Send Copy by Return Mail." I haven't time to write "copy" for a large ad. so this will have to do for the time being. . . Watch for my ad. In the next issue. But if you want to be in the "swim" send 25c immed- iately and you will get The Curio Monthly for a whole year. WRITE QUICK! YOURS IN HASTE. ALLEN JESSE REYNOLDS, Pub., Connersville, Ind. p. S.— The Curio Monthly is food for the bansrO'' Collectors. Have you seen it? 20 pagres, 7x10. COLLECTOR'S TOOL. A POCKET INSTRUMENTFORTREECOLLECTING- SAVES EGGS,DANGER,TIME. Send Stamp for Circular. (179) J. Row^land Now^ell, Portman, S. C. Mounted Birds and Mammals. The following specimens are all strictly first class, freshly mounted specimens-regular price in ( ) My closing price is by mail, express or freight at purchaser's expense— will ship cheapest way. Special rates on large orders. Skunk ($10.00) $ 4 05 Red Fox (15.00) 9 10 Gray Squirrel (.5.00) 2 40 Gray Squirrel holding walnut 3 30 Tufted Puffin (5 50) 3 35 Black Guillemot (5.25) 2 70 Murre (5.00) . 2 70 Razor-billed Auk (mounted from a skin from Audubon's collection) 6 75 American Herring Gull full plumage(4.50) 2 70 American Merganser (5.00) 2 70 Shoveller female (3.50) 2 10 Redhead (5.00) _ 2 70 Buffi e-head female (3.50) 2 10 American Elder (7 00) 4 30 Spotted Sandpiper (2.00) 1 10 Mexican Jacana (3.60) 2 10 Bob-white (2.50) 1 45 Texan Bob- white (2.50) 1 45 Mountain Partridge (3.50) _ 2 10 Scaled Partridge (2.75) 1 65 Gambel's Partridge (3.00) S 10 Prairie Hen [3.50) 2 20 American Barn Owl (5.00) 3 90 American Long-eared Owl (3.C0) .... 2 10 Short-eared Owl (3.50) 2 30 Great Gray Owl (16.00) 9 30 Saw-whet Owl (2.75) 2 10 FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion. N-Y. OOLOGISTS' SUPPLIES. If you are particular about the preparation of your specimens I call particular attention to the EGG DRILLS I am bringing to the no- tice of collectors. They cut smooth atia cut the lining. Sizes about 4 100 to 2-38: prices 25c, 35c and 50c each. 4 selected sizes 8100. Also 3 large sizes at 60c and 75c each. 16 sizes in all. Try them. Money refunded if not satisfactory after use. CLIMBERS. Best steel, made as they should be for tree climbing. Long, sharp spurs with 4 heavy straps of best leather $3.50 prepaid. Without straps $1,65 prepaid. BLOWPIPES. Best 40c. No. 3 nickel 20c, Cheap 12c. DATA BLANKS, 10c per 100. EGG COTTON, all colors, 9c a sheet, 50c a package. EMBRYO HOOKS, 12c. Handle With 3 hooks 48c. EMBRYO SCISSORS, 20c, 40c, curved 78c, best curved 98c. SLIDING CALIPERS. Best nickel 85c. PENCILS. Extra good, soft, thick lead, lOe. 3 for 25c. REGULAL OOLO- GICAL DRILLS. Best quality, nickeled, 3 or 6 inch handle. No. 1. 20c; No. 2, 28c; No. 3, 38c; No. 4, 46c; No. 5. 63c; No. 6, 80c. EGG TRAYS, all sizes and colors. FISH BASKETS, all sizes. I can supply your wants whatever they maybe. Lists free. AW goods preiiaid Send for egg lists. BENJAMIN HOAG, Stephentown, New York. FENIKESE. A reminiscent sketch of Agassiz famous Summer School. A 96-page book of much interest to students of Nature. R^ead -wbat others say: ■'Have found it extremely interesting read- ing,"—Henry Prime, Garden City, L. I, "I enjoyed the book [Penikese] very much." — W. W. Kinsley (Supt. of Schools) Grand Ledge, Mich. "It is both instructive and entertaining and deserves a place in the library of every student of nature."— W. D. Lynn, Canfleld, O. "I have just finished reading 'Penikese' and can say that I have enjoyed it exceedingly. Anything looking toward keeping green the memory of the great Agassiz should be of in- terest to the teacher of biology and no period of his life is more interesting than the years spent in building up the laboratory on Peni- kese."—W. P. Hay (Prof. Biology, HighSchool) Washington, D. C. '•I have read the book [Penikese] with great interest and think it an admirable remini- scence of one of the greatest naturalists of the nineteenth century. The name of Agassiz is assuredly treasured by all true lovers of na- ture and his methods of study have left a strik- ing impress on present-day workers,"— (Rev.) Robert Blight, Green Lane, Pa. Price only 25c (reduced from 3Sc). Prepaid. FRANK H. LATTIN, Pub'r,. Albion, N. Y. 68 THE OOLOGIST. SELECTED CORALS, SHELLS, MINERALS, CURIOS RELICS, &c. A Barrel of Shells and a FatDre Study Collection. Offered on eight page insert in this Ooloqist. I still offer for sale or will ex- change for desirable Eggs in Sets or for Standard Books or Ornithology, if at right prices. It is advisable however to make your selections or purchases at once, as the Pan-American and Chautauqua trade will take nearly, if not quite everything left next month. The following have already been sold: Brain Coral, Propeller Coral ($2.25 spec), Sawfish Saws, Ostrich Eggs, Emeu Eggs, Paper Nautilus, Bisected Cham- bered Nautilus, Egyptian Idol, Chinese God. Chinese Cash Sword, Arrowheads 95c. lot from Illinois, Joplin Calcite— the $4.30 specimen. In the Nature Study Collection it is necessary to substitute other specimens of greater value for the Bisected Nautilus. In case you can use anything left in larger lots, submit list and I may be able to make special quotations. I want cash but will "swap" some items, which I have in abundance— if necessary and if you have what I want at right prices. FRANK H. LATTIN. GIBB'S CELEBRATED PROCESS OF RAPID TAXIDERMY, In Practical Use for Over Twenty-five years. Used Everywhere in America. Hundreds of Testimonals. Try and be Convinced. Start a class. Money in It. Be Your Own Taxidermist. Naturalists, Collectors, Gunners, Anglers, Outers, Boys, Girls and all others interested in nature and anxious to preserve the specimens taken in wood and field, have all felt the need of a simple method of preservation, which is free from intricacies and inexpensive. There is a method of rapid taxidermy now in extensive use, which meets the requirements of all amateurs who wish a practical and inexpensive method of preserving the trophies of the out- ing and collecting trip. This is not the old system of so-called stuffing, so expensive, laborious and disappointing, but is a rapid system, which anyone can learn at once and which is guaran- teed to give satisfaction. By this process you may preserve the beautiful plumage of the grouse and woodcock, or the pike's or buck's head, or the showy feathers of the tanager. Boys, girls and all others can do good work and may make money, as mounted heads and birds find a ready sale, and besides you may teach your friends and decorate the school room, ofQce and dining-room with native birds and other attractions. If you are in doubt, then get your friends to go in with you and start a class, for when several work together there is an advantage, and the expense is next to nothing. On the receipt of $1.00, cash or stamps, I will send full printed instructions for mounting birds, heads, mammals, etc., and all materials for mounting and preserving specimens— includ- ing prepared compound, together with full directions for dressing skins with the hair on for rugs and robes, so that you will not be to the expense of one cent and will send full directions how to start a class. Remember I guarantee satisfaction or monty refunded. Mention Oologist and address MORRIS GIBBS, M. D., Kalamazoo, Mich. Lattin's Standard Catalogue ol North American Birds Eggs. Enlarged (contains 72 pages) revised, corrected and brought up to date of going to press- March, 1896. Gving all of the new A. O. U. changes and additions. Also divided and sub divided into orders, sub-orders, families and sub-families. Single copy 10 cents; 3 for 25 cents. The OoLOGiST. VOL. XVIII. NO. 5. ALBION, N. Y., MAY, 1901. Whole No. 176 The Oologist. A Monthly Publication Devoted to OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor and Publisher, ALBION, N. Y. Correspondence and Items of Interest to the student of Birds, their Nests and Eggs, solicited from all. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: Single subscription soc per annum Sample copies 5c each The above rates Include payment of postage. Bach subscriber is given a card good for a Want, Exchange or For Sale Notice. (This card Is redeemable at any time within one year from date thereon.) Subscriptions can begin with any number. Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnished at reasonable rates. Send stamp for descrip- tions and prices. ^^Remember that the publisher must be noil fled by letter when a subscriber wishes his paper stopped, and all arrearages must be paid. ADVERTISING RATES : 6 cents per nonpareil line each insertion. 12 lines In every inch. Seven inches In a col- umn, and two columns to the page. Nothing inserted for less than 25 cents. No "special rates," 5 cents per line is "net," "rock bottom," "Inside," "spot cash" rate from which there is no deviation and no commission to agents. If you wish to use 5 lines or less space It will cost you 25 cents; loo lines, $5.00; 1000 lines, $50.00. "Trade" (other than cash) advertise- ments wni be accepted by special arrangement only and at rates from double to Ave times cash rates. Due BUls and Cards payable in advertis- ing will be honored only at reg^ar rates in force at the date of issuance of said bill or card. Remittances should be made by Draft, Express or Postofflce Money Order, Registered Letter or Postal Note. Unused U. S . Postage Stamps of any denomination wUl be accepted for sums un- der one dallar. Make Money Orders and Drafts payable and address all subscriptions and com- munications to FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y. ENTERED AT P. O., ALBION, N. Y. AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. The Western Red tailed Hawk. [Buteo borealis calurus.) To Raptorial birds, especially such species as partake of the nature of the Vultures and other carrion eaters in their habits, Southern California of- fers, next to the countries of the Torrid zone, most ideal conditions, both cli- matic and geographical, for the rearing of their young. The rains of the win- ter equinox have usually abated by the last week of March, so that Hawks, Crows, and others of the larger birds which occupy open nests can by that time or earlier have their last year's homes renovated or if these be destroy- ed or occupied by some hardier Owl, be well started on the construction of EGGS or THE WESTSBN RED-TAILED HAWK. (From a set in the author's collection.) new ones. Occasionally, as was the case this season (1901) heavier rains came on just about the time these birds had begun to deposit their eggs and their nidification was correspondingly retarded. Orange county, where my home and principal collecting grounds have been 70 THE OOLOGIST for the past several years, is very near- ly in the ^center of the seven counties lying south of the Tehichapi Mountains which are known as Southern Californ- ia. It has some frontage on the Pacific Ocean, though no ports or watering places of importance are located on its coast line. Oa its south eastern border hills come down to the sea and thence running north, north west they form a moderately well wooded boundary along its northern line. Otherwise the county is about equally divided between level cultivated lowland and the rolling barley fields of the mesas. In the heart of the hills before men- tioned there are numerous large ranch- es within whose bounds the Mexicans, notorious wood theives, have not been permitted to carry on their wood-cut- ting operations. Many sycamores and oaks dot these ranches especially wherever water is to be found in the smaller canyons, and in these the Red- tails find suitable nesting sites. Of course there are other Hawks which breed 'n the same localities, but the Red-tails are the most numerous by about twenty-five to one. It has been my good fortune, ornithologically speaking, to be located in this region for the past three and a half years, but it was not until last year that I thor- oughly "got onto the curves" of the nesting Red-tails, and the result was seventeen sets saved out of about twenty collected. Three of these were of four eggs, six of three, and the re- mainder, eight sets, of two eggs each. I think this porportion will hold good in almost any representative series of sets of Red tailed Hawks collected in Orange county So far this season I have taken three sets of four, four sets of three, and four sets of two which were preserved. One set, taken from an immense nest forty feet up in a sycamore— which, by the way, had no branches for the first thirty feet— and consisting of two eggs was too far gone to be saved. This set had evidently consisted when first laid, of three eggs, for about half of the shell of one egg was found clinging to the edge of the nest. Of course they were finely marked. Who ever saw an impossible set which was not beautiful? Again, only last Sunday, I climbed over sixty feet to a new nest in an im- mense old sycamore and found one heavily incubated egg. No broken shells were visible nor to all outward appearances, had anyone climbed the tree ahead of me. Last season, this pair laid a nice set of four heavily marked eggs in a nest in another syc- amore not fifty yards from this one. This is not an "ofl"' year, for two pairs of these birds which laid but three eggs each last year, have already presented me with sets of four each and tomor- row I am going to see what they have done in the way of second sets. Several pairs of Red-tails are nesting on low cliffs, buildings or ledges or else in crevices of the rocky wall, while I know of one nest, which held three young in May of last year, which was built in a depression in the top of a huge boulder projecting out from from a sloping sidehill. Now and then, though seldom, a nest will be built in a wild walnut growing on the steepest slope of a grassy hill. As these trees are seldom over twenty-five feet in height and correspondingly small of growth, such nests are the collector's delight. The photo presented herewith is from a set of four eggs taken from such a nest situated twenty feet up in a wal- nut on a sidehill. No bird was on the nest and neither one put in an appear- ance until I had climbed to the nest, when both commenced their usual screaming and kept it up until I left the tree. Portions of two lizards and a gopher snake were in the nest as well as remains of a ground squirrel and a kangaroo rat. The whole outfit smelled like a glue factory. One egg is in- THE OOLOGIST. 1 fertile and is the most heavily marked egg of the set. The other three con- tained small embryoes. The date was March 28th, and this was the first set of that year. This set of eggs measure respectively: 62x47.5; 61x47; 61x46. These measurements are in millimeters and the first is the infertile egg. Compared with the average of several sets of three eggs of the Eastern form of the Red-tail (62x49; 62x48; ^4x49 mm.) tbey seem to be smaller, yet this is a set of noticeably large eggs as compared with about twenty other sets now in my collection, and collected by myself in the past two years. Four sets of Krider's Hawk, collected in Iowa, Texas, and Colorado seem to average smaller even than sets of the Western Red tail, and are not marked so well either, though the Eastern Red-tail is far ahead of our form in matter of markings. Several sets of two eggs of the Western species which I now have are either entirely un- marked or else one egg has a very few faint dashes of rufous. Harlan's Hawk has been taken here in the winter and not more than a year ago a pair were mounted by a Los Angeles Taxidermist, so I am constant- ly on the look out for them. Any one who has collected eggs of this bird and will favor me with good description or other notes will do me a favor for which I will pay either cash or speci- mens and I am sure such an article would be read with interest by collec- tors who suscribe — as who does not?— to the OoLOGIST. If robbed, our Red-tail will almost immediately commence a new nest for the reception of a second set, but will usually occupy the old nest the next year, seeming to become strongly at- tached to her home. In markings the sets of one pair of birds, or of the fe- male, if the male be shot, persist in the same type, but not always in the same distinctness of coloration. One nest of this bird at least was "unavailable" to me this season, though I haven't given up trying for it yet. It is in a sycamore just beside the road and fully seventy feet from the ground. About fifteen feet below it in the same tree is an old nest of the Hawk now occupied by a Pacific Horned Owl, which I sup- pose, has hatched her clutch by this time. Harry H Dunn, April 10, 1901. Fullerton, Calif. Gleaning-s from My Note Book. (Continued.) May came in bright and clear, but cold, bringing a few King birds, and an Oriole whom I heard chattering but not singing at all. The cold wave reached its climax on the night of the 5th, when a freeze caused the drizzling rain to sheathe the grass and every shrub with fantastic icy forms which sent forth brilliant scintillations as "old Sol" came smiling up over the eastern hills the next morning. Even the set of Red- tailed H.'iwk that I collected at sunrise were covered with frost, for it seems that when I flushtd the female from her nest several evenings ago, she never came back, so I had to be satisfied with two plain eggs. I have noticed many times that neith- er the Red-tailed nor Red-shouldered Hawk will return to their nest when flushed from them after dark, even when incubation was well along as it was in this set. As I left the woods I heard the clear, sweet warble of a Ruby-crowned King- let and soon I found him making his toilet as he sat on the sunny side of a pine tree on a dead branch. No sooner had the cold snap passed away than arrived on the 6th, a great wave of migrants, and every moist woodland, whether on hill or in vale, resounded with melody far sweeter than words can describe. Yet from 72 THE OOLOGIST secluded spot, or tree-top hij?h, we hear those unobtrnsive "Tsips" which mean so little to the unpractised ear, while to the eager ornithologist it brings visions of some new or rare bird. Among them there were Redstarts, Maryland Yellowthroats, Black-throat- ed Blue, Black-throated Green, Yellow- rumped, Magnolia, Oven-birds, Chest- nut-sided and Black and White Warb- lers, White-crowned and White-throat- ed Sparrows, Crested and Least Fly- catchers, Catbirds, Bobolinks, Scarlet Tanager, and that little bundle of activ- ity, the saucy Winter Wren. May 9.— 1 spent this evening search- ing among the swampy hummocks where a pair of Wilson's Snipe are evi- dently nesting, but aside from being nearly flushed out of my rubber boots by an Amerioan Bittern who suddenly jumped up in front of me and uttered a terrified squawk, my search was un- eventful. May 13.-— The corn stubble in swamp has become a most interesting spot, for here are gathered scores of Killdeers and Spotted Sandpipers, either species being capable of furnishing amusement as long as one cares to watch them, be- sides others of this kind have begun to appear. This morning I saw a Solitary Sandpiper walking daintily around the muddy pools. On the 18th a small flock of Least Sandpipers arrived, fol- lowed on the 19th by 15 Semipalmated Plovers, while on the 23d a beautiful male Black-bellied Plover spent the day here. A Least Flycatcher has been tugging away at the fluffy end of our clothes-line, working mostly morning and evening. The female did all the work, while the male followed close at her heels like an arrant taskmaster, his emphatic -'che-beck" sounding more like a threatening "you-get," than an expression of encouragement. May 39. — Appearances are sometimes very deceptive as was an evergreen tree in which I found a rather remark- able state of affairs this morning. I was looking for a nest of Purple Finch and had walked around the tree with- out seeing any signs of nests, but to make sureil gave the tree a gentle num- ber 8 kick which stirred up a lively rumpus indeed, for out of that tree went 6 jibbering House Sparrows, an excited Bronze Grackle and a more ex- cited Robin. Upon climbing the tree I found a small bird village, consisting of 3 nests of English Sparrows, 1 of Bronze Grackle, and 1 of Robin— 5 nests within a radius of 4 feet, and all containing either eggs or young. June 5. — While trying to get in a good place to photograph a Black-billed Cuckoo on her nest I stumbled onto a nest of Maryland Yellowthroat contain- ing 4 fresh egars. The nest was placed upon a triangle of vines and weeds about 8 inches above the ground. It was a large bulky affair of dead leaves and grasses, lined with fine round grasses and horse-hair. This find so pleased me — for I do not often find a nest of this warbler— that I forgot all about the Cuckoo, who had sneaked away, but I got a fine photo of tho Yellowthroat's nest and eggs "in situ." June 7. — For some time I have heard the song of a Black and White Warb- ler, over in woods on hillside, along a bush lot, so this evening I went over purposely to hunt for their nest. I was passing along the edge of the woods, when I heard a rustle of dead leaves, and looking to one side I saw a W hippoorwill fluttering along, stopping however, about 6 feet away, with wings outspread in a wounded attitude. Quickly glancing about me I saw Ohr what I had hunted for for so many years, two beautiful eggs of Whip-poor- will, reposing on a bed of dead leaves underneath a cluster of bushes, near a pile of dead brush. 1 wanted a photo, of course, but had not brought my camera, so knowing the Whip-poor-will's tendency to slip out Lrist No. 4. March 15, igoi, LATTIN'S CLEARANCE SALE. SELECTED CORALS, SHELLS, MINERALS, CURIOS, RELICS, &c. A Barrel of Shells and a NatoFS Study Collection. Selected Specimens of Corals, Sea Shells, Minerals, Indian Relics, Curios, &c. ^"The Engraving on last page of this list illustrates many of the specimens offered on following pages. The numbers in ( ) refer to the specimens in this engraving. BRAIN CORAT^, Meandrina cerebri/ ormis,0^o. 1,) a very fine specimen from the West Indies, 11 in. in diameter and weighing nearly 20 lbs. I will sell for only $2.50; its worth more. VAl^yLCO'&AlL,, Madreporapalmata, (No. 2,) from the Bahamas. This specimen measures 10 X 12 in. and weighs about 6 lbs. Will sell for only $1,75. I have another specimen of about same size, but more of a hand-shaped af- fair (thumb and fingers, tip of small finger broken) at same price. I also have about a dozen other specimens of this Coral at 3 5 cts . , 5 O cts . and $ 1 each. All big values for the money. PLATE (BRAIN) CORAL. Meandrina clivosa, (No. 3,) size 16 x 82 in. and weighs nearly 30 lbs. It goes at only ^'l-.SO I have another speci- men more regular in form, 13 in. in diameter. My price is $ 2 . 7 5 . Both from the Bahamas. PINE APPLE CORAL, Porites astrceoides (No. 4,) from Bahamas. 10 in. diameter, weighs 12 lbs; my price $1. 6 O I have also a 7-in. specimen of this species.unbleached "Nig- gerhead" Coral, at $1 .20. PROPELLER or BUTTERFLY CORAL, Agaricea agaricites, (No. 6,) from Bahamas. This specimen measures about 12 in. and weighs 7 lbs. ^2. .2.5 takes this specimen. In '99, se- cured a bbl. of this Coral and have about a "bushel" left. Can furnish nice "wing" speci- mens at lO. 1 5, 25, 35, 50 and 75 cts. each and have a few of the "butterfly" speci- mens at 35, 50 and 75 cts. BRANCHING, TREE or SPIKE CORAL are terms by which the Madrepora Corals are com- monly called. I have several bbls. of Madre- pora cervicornis . (No. 7,) andean furnish speci- mens at any price from 1 c. to $ 1 each and can furnish schools or teachers in bulk at very reasonable rates. Its worth loose, without packing, about $5 per bushel. I have also many of the rarer Madreporas and the follow- ing are of the close "spike" or "prong" form and not in long branches : Madrepora spicifera from Samoa, 8 x 13 in. , $1.50; 5x9 in.. 75c.; also an 18 x 15 in. specimen at $3.50. Madrepora obscura, a brown-colored species from Torres Straits, about 15 in. diamet«r, at $4,50 Could be broken up into lOO lOc specimens. Another 7-in Madrepora, white, from same locality at $ 1 .2 5. Madrepora plantaginea from E. I., an 8-ln specimen at ODlr $1.20. I also have half a dozen clumps of J/adre;)ora from Fiji Islands, ranging from 7 to U in. diameter, at S1.50. $2 50 and$3.50 each. Stylophora. a branching Coral from Red "Sea, 5-in. clump, 75 cts; 7-in., $1.50. Madrepora abrotanoides , a 10-in. spray from Fi.ii, $1.50. Seriaiopora, CSo. 11,) from West Africa. This beautiful, delicate and almost perfect clump of Coral has been one of my star attractions for past two years. I have not cared to sell this specimen and haye held it at $ 1 0. and could have sold it a number of times had I been will- ing to shade the price a little: it cost me $6 in cash and I will now sell at this figure. ORG AN PIPE CORAL, Tubipora musica, (No 13 ) from Singapore ; this a section c/^) of a clump, measuring about 9 s 11 in. and this sec- tion has been held at $4- 50 Will sell for $3.25; another specimen,8xlO in., at $2.50. I have a case of this beautiful and interesting species direct from Singapore and can furnish selected specimens at following low rates- 2 in lOc. Sin. 25c., 4in. 35c., 5in. 50c., 6 in! $1 . CORALS not shown in engraving. I have two mammoth Rose Corals, Symphyllia from Tor- res Straits ; an 8 in. one at $ 1 . 5 O and a 5^ in. one, more symmetrical and beautiful, at same price. FEATHER CORAL, a 10 in. "bum" specimen 50c. MUSHROOM CORALS. Fine specimens- 5 in. diameter of Fungia patella from Zanzibar at only 35 cts. each. Selected specimens of Fungia elegans from Gulf of Calif , ly^ in onlv 12c. prepaid. " ■' CRATER or VASE CORAL, Turbinaria ciner- ascens, from Torres Straits, somewhat resem- bles the Neptune Cup Sponge, (No. 8 ) This specimen stands 10 in. high and measures 11 in across top; a 3 in. triangular piece has been, broken out of one side; will sell for $2.5 O PINK CORALS, Stylaster, from Samoa, and the RED and YELLOW CORALS, Distichopora, from Hawaii. I have hundreds of specimens rangiijg from a few cents to 35 cts, in value. PRECIOUS CORAL, Coralllum rubrum, from Mediterraman Sea A fine two in. clumn ia muddy matrix, with three specimens imbedded of Megerlea trancata (a Brachipod of the Lamp Shell or Ttfrebratali Family.) My price for this specimen Is $1 .90. I also have a quant Ity of this Precious Coral in p< 1 shed twigs, ."■uch as are used to make into the good old- fash iou.d Coral Strings or "Beads," once so connudU'y used for necii adornment. We used to who e.-'ale this at $8 per pound; will close out what 1 have left at ii5 cts. per ounce or $3 per pound. Samples 5 cts. WORM '-CORAL," Vermetus (No. 15.) A clump or mass of these peculiar worm-like shells from the W. L, measuring 5x7 in. anl weighing 2 lbs. -.could be made into hundreds or small specimens; $3.60. NEPTUNE'S CUP or Vase Sponge, Paterion (No 8,) from Tasmania. An odd and curious specimen worth from $15 to $iO, and we have always held this specimen at 110. It, measures ai in. high and th'^ vase portion is 12 in indiam It now goes for only $6 80. Its a bargain for some one wanting such a specimen. AN EGYPTIAN IDOL, (No. 21), carved from stone or lava 1,000 or more years ago, repre- sents an elephant or some other animal,, meas- ures about 4 X iVi in. Secured by a missionary acquaintance from a mummy pit in Egypt and guaranteed gemiine Only $3 05. CHINESE CURIOS. CHINESE GOD (No. 5) Of white porcelain, 6H in. high, from the collection of an old Chinese traveller. My price is $1.90. I also have a Chi- nese cash sword at $1.60. Shuttle cock of feathers, snakeskin and "cash" 45 cts. prepaid. SNUFF BO TTLES, size about 2 x 2i4 in. No. 1. pottery, ornamented, etc., 45c, prepaid; No. 2 Jade, carved acd ornamented, $1.35, prepaid. STONE WATER VESSEL, 1 x 2'/2 in. Of brown mottled "Jade," 65 cts., prepaid OPIUM PIPES, No. 1, (No. 16) 24 in. ebony stem, 4 in. brass mouth piece, brought by sea captain from China, $1.60, prepaid ; No. 2, (No. 81) bone mouth piece, 18 in. bamboo stem, 90 cts., prepaid; No. 3, pipe only, (bowl) 40 cts., prepaid. SPANISH CROSS inlaid with straw from an ancient church in Jemez, New Mex. Curio dealers would ask $5 for it, but it's yours, pre- paid, for $1.45. SAWFISH SAW (No. 23 ) This specimen is the one next to Coral specimen No. 3, and measures three ft. in length. It's worth $3.25. The others in engraving have been sold. I also nave two small specimens with snout or head back of eyes attached, 10 in. spec. 75 cts., pre- paid; 13 in. spec, $1 40, prepaid; all from Gulf Mexico. . ■ . SHARK JAW from Martha's Vineyard. A small but fine and perfect specimen. About 4 X 7 in., with nearly 150 teeth. Only $1.80, pre- paid. ALLIGATOR (No. 30.) This 5 ft. specimen was from west coast Florida and was one of the finest specimens I ever saw. I purchased it at the Atlanta Expo, in '95, and has been a constant companic n in my expo-peregrina- tions in the north since that date. I've sold dozens of others, but I've always "hung on" to this specimen. It's but little the worse for travel. My price has been $10. Now $6.£0. ALLIGATOR TEETH 15 to 20 years ago al- ligators were abundant. The swamps and streams of Florida was fairly alive with them. Their teeth were used by the hundreds of pounds for jewellery purposes and good teeth were staple as flour or sugar at $2 per lb. A pound of V2 to 1 in. teeth numbers over 1,000 (about 1,200) teeth and represents the product secured from 15 or 16 alligators ranging from 5 to 12 ft. long. The craze for the jewellery has waned in most sections and I have many pounds of teeth on my hands. To close them out I will sell single pounds at only .50cts; 5 lbs. for $'3; orlOlbs for only $3. Just think of it, OAVr 10,000 teeth, which represents the entire product from over 150 large alligators for only $3. SHELL AND MOSS WRE.^TH (No. 34) Made from the beautiful sea mosses and small shells from the Callfc^ruia coast. In box 16 x 20 in. t hese wreaths sold at the World's Fair at $20 each. A few of the petals, etc., have been loosened through shipping. My price only $4 60 EGGS OF THE EMEU (No. 28.) Nothing attracts greater attention in the egg line than the large dark green, nearly black, pebbled egg with a lighter ground color of this peculiar Australian bird. Every egg collection would have contained one of these egg^ and even the laity would have had them on their "what- nots" or among their "brie a-brac" had not the price— which has always been $2.£0 -been a lit- tle too high. We now have a limited supply at only 84 cts. each, prepaid This rate will hold until May 1st, only. I have a few cracked spec- imens and a few casts at 5'J cts. each. OSTRICH EGGS (No. 27.) Stock all sold. Can secure fair specimens at $1 each. Have a few good 2ds. at 60 cts.. a few badly damaged specimens at 30 cts. and have one large flatten- ed warp-sided abnormality at $1 60. PIPE-FISH. Sygnathus, (No. 31) from Gulf California. We have a few choice specimens of this queer and rare fish, with bony armor, the first lot we ever secured in sufficient quant- ity to place on sale. Prices, prepaid, at fjllow- ing ridiculously low rates : Specimens under 10 in., 3 1 cts.; 10 in., 40 cts; 11 in., 45 cts.; 12 in., 50 cts. ; 13 in., 60 cts.; 14 in., 75 cts.; 15in.,$l. THE SE \ HORSES, Hippocamnus, are also of same order as the pipe fish and with bony armor. We h we choice specimens of both the Atlantic and Pacific species. Pi ices of either, prepaid, 15 to 35 cts. each. PAPER NAUTILUS, Argonauta Nodosa,(No. 32.) This beautiful $10 specimen has been sold. We have a few small specimens of the ordinary Argonauta Argo from the Mediterranean Sea, at 50 cts. each, prepaid. CHAMBERED NAUTILUS, Nautilus pom- pilius, from Polynesia Decoricated specimens (NO. 9.) This mammoth 9 in. specimen, with lip checked, $i.25; ordinary 6 to 8 in. specimens, $1 25 to $2 50 each. Specimens 5 to 6 in. in nat- ural condition, 50 cts. to $1 each; specimens bi- sected to show structure, (No. 33) both halves, 75 cts. to $150; siphuncle, H. 50 cts. to $1; the half not showing siphuncle, 35 cts. to 75 cts. I also have a lot of broken and damaged shells, valuable lor teaching, etc. Will close out at only 25 cts. each. First orders secure best spec- imens. I also have one very fine bisected shell with animal in glass jar containing alcohol, (No. 17) from Western Polynesia. A rare spec- imen and seen only in a few of our larger mis- eums. It cost me $9 as a dealer. Will sell for $7.75. I have a beautiful 4J4 in. specimen of Nautilus umbilicus from Australia at $1 ; lip checked. CHRYSANTHENUM SHELL OR THORNY OYSTER, Spondy lus pictorum, (Nos. 12 and 16) from Gulf of California. These beautiful shells usually sell at $2 to $3 each and range all colors from pure white to bright red. I have a few left and will close out at $1 each. I have a few foreign specimens of this family from East Indies, etc., at 50 cts. each; worth regular up to $3. First orders best specimens ; have 3 or 4 species, as aurantia, wrightil, purpuraceus, etc. TRUMPET SHELL, Triton tritonis, (No. 25) from Indian Ocean. Used as a teakettle by the natives of theTypinsan Archipeligo. This spec- imen is 16 in. long and was used for this or a similar purpose ; $3.25. The other specimen in engraving also has holes through shell for or- namental or some other purpose ; S2.20 I also have a few very fine specimens of this shell at following low rates : 6 in. specimen, f,0 cts; 8 in.,75cts.; 10 in., ?1 to $1.50; 12 in , fl.50 to $2; 15 in., $?. I also have a couple baby specimens 2-3 in. at 35 cts. each, prepaid. SHELL VASE (No. 14) made from lai-ge-sr ec- imens of Green Snail, Turbo marmnratus.from Philippines. These vases are made from se- lected 5 to 6 in. shells and are worth fl.50 each. 1 also have from same shell vases, basket style, with carved handles, etc.. all In one piece, at only 81.50. I can also furnish thtse»hells, with Lord's Prayer engravtd on, or made into call bells at $1 50. (Regular price of all these $1.50 articles is $2.) Shell vases of same shell simi- lar to (14) made from 3 to 3^ in. shells, worth 50 cts. each; prepaid, only 35 cts. Shell napkin rings from sections of this shell, plain 15 to 25 cts., prepaid; engraved, 25 to 35 cts., prepaid; small 3 in. shells of this species in natural con- dition at 15 cts. each, prepaid. SIOUX TENT. Child's play-tent, 15—5 ft. Willow tent pole.s (No. 26 ) Tent cloth or cover measures, unpitched, two extremes— about 3 x 10 ft. It is spread on three top steps of engrav- ing. Material of common factory and decorat- ed in colors by some Sioux artist. This is guaranteed genu'ne and has been in my pos- session for 8 or 10 years. My pri^e is $3 80, and its well worth double. The Sioux Pi e (No. 20) has been sold. I have, however, a similar one, length 14V^ in., both stem and bowl of red Cat- linite or Pipestone, Indian make, unu ed, an- gular and more ornamental than No 20. My price J1.90. INDIAN BASKETS mads by the Hoopa In- dians of Humboldt Co. Calif., from natural fibres, artistically woven and arranged in col- ors, water tight, bowl shape. The Indians sell them "on the ground" at |5 each. I have the following sizes and will send, prepaid, at prices named: 3 in. deep by 7 in diam., $3 15; 3^ in. deep by 7/2 in. diam., $3 GOWVi in. deep by S'/j in. diam., 14.10. I consider the best the cheap- AZTEC PITCHER. Genuine aztec and pur- chased from Mexican Village at Atlanta in "95, with a guarantee that it was the ancient. I te lleve, hov ever, that it was made rerently by descendants of the ancient aztecs. Material black day and covered with carvings, faces, etc,; $2.60. MOUND BUILDER'S RELICS. I have hun- dreds of ordinary arrow and spear heads and a few of the more common pieces such as sink- ers, drills, scrapers, etc., but have very few of the rare and desirable ones. The following covers what I have left: Stone Pipe, (Horn- blende or hard mica schist) (No. 19) size 2x4 in., wgt. M lb., from Brant Co., Ont , a very choice specimen, S5. 10, prepaid; another from same locali;y of a more common and unattractive form, 3j^ X 2 in., 7 oz.. hatchet f-hape, $2 20, pre- paid; Slate Pendant from Waterloo Co., Ont.. 2 in. diamond shape, drilled, prepaid 70 cts.; Hematite (Limonite) Celt fr>:m Van Buren Co., Ark., 2x5 in., 1 lb., prepaid, only $1 20. Ordi- nary Stone Axe from Cumberland Co.. N. .7., (Serpentine, grooved, 4 x 5!^ in., 2^ lbs .) $1.30. I also have the contents of a cache from Rowan Co . N. C, consisting of about 375 unnotched arrow or spearheads of uniform size and form, about 2V4 long, will sell as a whole for only $S8 - 10. CELTS. Various sizes and material from near Baum Village site. Paint Creek Valley, O., at from 45 cts. to $1 each, prepaid. NET SINKERS made from Iron-stone, Llm onite, Concretions, Van Buren Co., Ark, weigh ing from % to 1 lb. and measuring 2H to 3>4 by 354 to 4)i in , each 45 cts. PESTLE of quartzite from Kv-. l>; IbP., 2>^x 41/j in., 85 cts. ARROWHEADS. Van Buren Co., Ark,, as- sorted; poor, per doz., 30 cts. ; ordinary. Poets. ; selected, 11. BIRD ARROWPOINTS. Same locality, 9c. to 24 cts each, prepaid. BIRD ARROWPOINTS. The famous little beauties c.f jasptr, ctalcedony, obsidian, e'c, from WilUmette Valley, Oregon. I have a few ordinary ones left at 15 to 35 cts. ( ach, or 5 a.s- sorted for $1.10, prepaid. POTTER ■ fragments with markings, 6 pes , Ky. and N. Y., lot 40 cts. FIVE good jasper and iftint arrowheads from Mo., lot 50 3 , prepaid. EIGHT damagea pes. Rowan Co, No. Car., lot 2,5c.. prepaid. FOURTEEN white flint arrowhead.s frcm Engiewood, Ills., fair lot; lot, prepaid, 95 cts. MILKY QUARTZ DRILL, So. Car, W in.' made from broken arrowhead, '■'b cts., prepaid- GLASSY QUARTZ, leaf shape arrowhead. So Car., fair, 3} cts , prepaid. SCRAPERS. Nine small ordinary on^s from So. Dak., chalcedony, etc., lot, prepaid, $1. OVAL DISC shaped, pc. from Ind., 2 x'Z'-A in.' 23c., prepaid. SLATE ORNAMENT, Waterloo Co , Ont.' round, 2 in. diam., hole in center, 85c., prepaid' SANDSTONE ORNAMENT, Orleans Co., N. Y., very raie, unattractive and not ornament- al, 3^4 m. didni., about 40 tally marks, one per- foration, another partially through, $2.10, pre- paid. SPEARHEADS, Orleans Co., N. Y., rare in locality, 3 in , lot (two), prepaid, 75 cts. CUMBERLAND CO , N. J. One knife and eleven seU-cled arrowheads, lot, prepaid, $1.25. MONTGOMERY CO., PENNA. A selected lot of ten pieces of Jasper and quartzite, as follows: 1 draw knife (?),1 scraper 2 small warclub heads, 6 arrow or spearheads; lot, prepaid. $2.10. BONE NECKLACE. Thirty-two perforated (lengthwise) phalangeal bones from an Ind'an burial ground in Oxford Co., Canada, prepaid. $3 60 BOTRYOIDAL GROUP OF CALCITES (No. 10 ) This magnificent specimen measures about 10 X Li in and weighs over 20 lbs. It was taken from a pool of pure water in Crystal Cave, Black Hills This form is not know n elsewhere in the world Beautiful lemon yellow botry- oidal groups of compound and contact thickly studded, small 3-comered xtals, well worth $15, but will sell for only ?8 90. JOPLIN CALCITES are the most superb rich yellow, with deep browmish base, calcltesinthe world and occur in single xtals; low, broad scalenohedrons. sharp angles, six sided, six- faceted, with modifications very pleasing, bril- liant, natuml polish; translucent ice-like ap- pearance. I have a ;■ ingle ■■ rystal, which weighs 28 lbs., and measures 10 x 18 in. It ought to be worth $1 per pound, but I'll sell for $9 30. I have another but smaller Joplin xtal nearly doubly-terminated, measures 6 x 11 in. and weighs over 13 lbs. and goes at $4.30. NATIVE COPPER from Lake Superior. The globe. No. SS, was filled with eelectfd speci- mens in acid, but old zero broke the globe and we can furnish the ragged thread-like speci- mens separately at 2.i tts., 35 cts., 50 cts. and $1 each, prepaid. HOT SPRING QUARTZ XTALS. Have a few left at 15c.. 2nc and 35c. each, prepaid; and one 6 lb . 5 X 9 In., clump xtal, with group-like base at $1 60. RUBELLITE. I have a splendid assort- ment of specimens of this beautiful bright rose tourmaline, needle-like xtals usually arranged so that dozens Wj 11 radiate from a single cen- ter in a gangue of lavender Lepidolite and f( uud in San Diego Co., Calif.: M lb. speci- mens. 30 cts.; 1 lb specimens, 55 cts.; IH to 21b. specimens, $1 ; 5 1b specimens, $2.50. I have one beautiful museum specimen, which meas- ures 8 X 10 in. and weighs 14 lbs., at $.5.40. THE ABOVE ENGRAVING SHOWS ONE OF LATTIN'S PAN-AMERICAN NATURE STUDY COLLECTIONS DISPLAYED IN A 4x4 FOOT SPACE. This Collection will be Appreciated by EVERY STUDENT, TEACHER, COLLECTOR AND AMATEUR, and is of Special Value in Nature Study Work. Lattin's Pan-American, NATURE STUDY COLLECTION, This Collection contains specimens selected with special care in order that the Collection, as ^ whole, would not only be of value to the Specimen Collector in building or adding to a cabinet, but. b^ivA <»ndeavored to make it practically mdispensible In Nature Study Work, both to teacher and student. As many may not wish to purchase the entire Collection, I quote the regular price on each ■specimen and also my prepaid Clearance Sale price. The entire Collection at regular retail rates would cost $11 ; at. my special prepaid rates if purchased separately 5.19. I will deliver the entire Collection f. o. b., freight or express, Albion, N. Y., carefully and se- curely packed and boxed for only ,32.78. No. 1 Regular Price.; Pink Mnrex, Murex bicolor, Gulf Calif., 4in $ 35 2 Pearl Conch, Stromhus gran- ulatus, Panama, 2>giD. 15 3 Orange Scorpion, Pte: seer a au- rantia, Philippines, 4in 15 4 Goldmouth, Turbo clu!,sostom- us, Philippines, 2in _ 15 5 Chambered Nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, E. I., V4 of bisected shell to show structure, etc., 5in 75 '6 Mushroom Coral, Fungia ele- g^ans, Gulf Calif., 2in 25 7 Armor Starfish, Nidorella ar- mata, Panama, 5in 35 «c Black-mouth Tree Snail, Oxy- styla undata var floridensis, Florida, 2in _ 35 4 Tiger Cowry, Cyjircea tigris, Australia, 3in 15 iO Black Murex, Murex radix,Fa,- ge nama, 4in 35 11 Tarpon Scale, Florida, (2 spe) 2in , 10 !2a Compass or Sunflower Star- . fish, Heliaster Kubingii, Chili, 4in . 35 iS^Mammoth Sea Urchin. Stron- qylocentrotus franciscanus. Pacific, 4in 35 14 Pink Coral, Slylaster sanguin- eut, Samoa, 2^in _ 25 15a Orange tscorpion Shell. Cut to illustrate structure, 4>^in., select 35 16 Silvermouth, Turbo tesselatus , Gulf Calif . 2V4'ln 25 17 Egg of Skate or Sand Shark, Martha's Vineyard. 4jn lO 18 Organpipe Coral, Tubipora musica, Singapore, Sin 35 19 Fossil Polyp Coral, Heliopby- Hum, Genessee Co., N. Y - 2in, Cilb) 25 $ 21 06 06 06 48 11 17 09 11 16 04 Lattin's 20 Purple-spined Sea Urchin, Prepaid Strongyloce)itroius drobach- Price. iensis, Gulf Mexico, 3;^ln 21 Horn Nut, China, 2j^in 22 Sea Horse, Hippocampus hud- sonius, Delaware Bay, 4in 23 Screw Sbell. TurritelJa croc a, Panama, 3iu 24 Native Lodestone, Magnet Cove, Ark., 2in 25 Resurrection Plant, Mexico.. 26 Young Corcb, Strombus gigas, Bahamas. 5in 27 Propellor Coral, .4^aric€'aagfar- icites, Bahamas, 5in 28 Coqulna Shell Conglomerate, St. AugustiLe, Fla., Sin 29a Fossil Scaphites, (Nautilus Family) Custer Co., Mon- tana, 3in 30 Venus Clam, Chione gnidia, Gulf Calif., 3in 31 Lettered Cone, Conus liter atus, Ceylon, Sin 32 Golden Starfish. Asterias och- racea, Calif., 7in S3 Black Ea.r.ffaliotiscracherodii Japan, S>- u &-^ a: '4) fr* tj I- a* 3 78 THE 05L0GIST. are perfect and the Exposition, so far as human ingenuity and the wise ex- penditure of money can accomplish such a work, is complete to the last detail. Bnflfalo, too, is an ideal city for an exposition, having a summer climate that is tempered by the breezes from Lake Erie and, therefore, the most comfortable in which one may erjoy his summer outing. The people of the city have prepared themselves In a most ample way to entertain millions of guests during the Exposition. The private dwellings throughout the city have been thrown open to the public and, in view of the ample accommoda- tions, very moderate rates will prevail so that every visitor may have such ac- commodations as he is willing to pay for. He may have the palatial quart- ers of the fine hotels, or the quiet rest- fullness of a pleasant home. The average rate for accommodations near the Exposition grounds is about $1.00 per night for lodging, with 25c to 50c added for breakfast, it being expected that guests will take their other meals upon the Exposition grounds. A num- ber of responsible companies have organized to find accommodations for visitors at any price th?y may desire to pay. The officers of these companies are centrally located and this system of management promises tT bring very satisfactory resiilts to all concerned. ,^m t- K ;i tiki ;rr ^-- '/ ' 1 ^^er 3 If ffS I ! ^^ ^' horticulture: ^'^' n :tbuildiiscu " THE OOLOGIST. 79 "You might as well be out of the Bird World al- together as go without THE OSPREY." TUl^ OSPRRY, An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular Ornithology. Edited by Theodore GUI, in Co-op- eration with Robert Ridgway, L. Stejneger, C. W. Richmond and Other EminentOrnithoIogists. The Ospeey does not keep a poet, but it has an office cat who can catch more birds than all the poets put to- gether. If you don't believe this, read The Osprey. If you want to buy, sell or exchange specimens, advertise in The Osprey. If you want to keep in with other Bird Men, subscribe for The Osprey. If you want to write about Birds, you can do it in The Osprey, provided you know how to write. If you like a beautifully printed and pro- fusely illustrated magazine, all about Birds you must have The Osprey. Terms— One Dollar a Year. Published by X^E OSPREV COMPANY, 321-323 4% St., W^ashington, D. C. The Condor for igoi. This popular Californian, Illustrated maga- zine of ornithology begins its third volume with 1901, and its issues range from 24 to 32 pages in size. It controls the output of West- ern material, and prints the most interesting and valuable articles to be found in any "bird" journal. New features have been introduced for 1901, which will serve to make THE CON- DOR a leader 1 The March (1901) number is one of extreme interest, containing among other things a charming article on the nesting of the Golden Eagle by R. H. Beck, illustrated with three full page plates depicting nests in various rugged situations Mr. E. H. Skinner contributes a valuable and most interesting illustrated ar- ticle on the ne-ting habits of Giraud's Fly- catcher in its Mexican home, and other inter- esting papers are pre.sented by Joseph Grin- nell, A. W. Anthony, R. D. Lusk and other well known contributors. A copy of this valuable number will be sent for 20 cents in stamps. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION, $1; VOL. II CAN ALSO BE SUPPLTED AT $1. The Cooper Ornithological Club also offers for sale its new 80-page publication on "The Birds of the Kotzebue Sound Region, Alaska," by that well-known writer, Joseph Grinnell. This will be sent on approval; price 75 cents, postpaid. Address all orders for sample copies, sub- scriptions or communications to C. BARLOW, Editor and Business Mgr., Santa Clara, Cal. INDIAN BASKETS, Indian Beaded Buckskin Sioux Relics, j Indian Photos, Indian Pottery, Indian Weapons. Elk Teeth, Mex- ican Hand Carved Leather Goods, Mexican Drawn Linens, Shells, Minerals, Fos- sils. Ancient Stone Relics, Oregon Tiny Arrow- heads, Fossil Fishes, Fossil Leaves, Corals, Agate Jewelry, Curios. Wholesale and Retail. 16th year. Two-story building full. New cat. , No. 10, 40 pages, finely illus., for 5c. L.W.STIL- WELL. Deadwood, S. Dak. JAMES P. BABBITT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird Skins, Eggs & Publications. Fine Imported Glass Eyes a Speeialty. Illustrated Catalogue and large monthly bulle- tin of bargains in Birds Skins and Eggs free upon application. TAUNTON, MASS. I^^Pfl?^ G IVE THE BOY ill teach him rl forest. It will giv t will cncoiirn 'i> 10 give steadiness of 1 be raliiahle qiialitie.s j 1 L-ive him hcaUh. It^is an accurate ritlc. r"ts ^^^^y shot just where .1 hold it: is licht weight, graceful in outline, a bona hde n in ainieaianoe aud const'ruction: .nothing cheap about hilt the price. Made in three calibres — .'2-, .'-'o and .32 m-lire. ir-PIii!i) Opon Sights.. $6.00 >o. 1 S - TarSTct Si-rlils. ■'^..'iO >o. 1!» — Lyman ^i^lits 1».00 •. our dealer for the "Favorite." If he doesn't „ we will send prepaid on receipt of price. ■ul stamp for our new, i.lS-parre catalogue itaininn ' descrintions of our entire line of cs, target pistols and comhination rifles d jti^tnis. anil general information. J. STEVENS AUMS & TOOL CO.. Cliicopcc FaU8, Mass. ( THIS PAPER is printed at the Book and Magazine Publishing House of A. M. EDDY, Albion, N. Y. 80 THE OOLOGIST. Jinierican Ornitbology. THE BEST ILLUSTRATED BIRD MAGAZINE EVER PUBLISHED. It gives the LIFE HISTORIES and FINE ILLUSTRATIONS of 4 or 5 N. A. BIRDS everj' month. The egg of each is shown FULL SIZE. It also contains short, interesting stories about birds. ONLY 50 CTS. A YEAR. SAMPLE COPY FREE. SUBSCRDBE NOW. CHAS. K. REED. Sta. A, WORCESTER, MASS. BARGAINS. Bird's EggS- Hundreds tiae sets and singles, will make you special low prices this mujjth. Send for lists. Berkshire Hills species collected to order, with nests ira sitti. Books and Periodicals. Chapman.s New "Bird Life" ed. in colors $1.70. American Ornithology and Condor both full year to New Subscribers for only $1.15 Let me quote you on any Book or Periodical published in any branch of literature. Back vols, and odd numbers, state your wants. 10 New Sets Osprey, vol. 2 at $1.00 each; 6 numbers vol. 1 at $1.00. Bendire's Life His- torio Vol. 1, $8 50. Send for Bulletins and Lists. Fishing Rods and Tacicle. Bristol Steel Bods Nos. 1, 2, 5. 6, SS.IO each. Nos 4, 8, il. 13, 15, 16, $4 00 each. Split Bamboos, $1.00 to $25.00. Lancewoods, $1 50 to $6 50. I >?uarantee to give you big value for your money. All numbers and styles of Bristol Rods, extra joints tips, etc., etc. Tront Flies, prood flies assorted 25 cts. a dozen. Out helper flies, 70 cts. dozen Bass Flies, 80 cts. a dozen, upward. Single Out Hooks, 16 cts. a dozen. Double Out Hooks. 25 cts. a dozen. Leaders, 5 cts., up. Lines and Reeds, every description. Baskets, 70cts. to $1.50. I have everything for all sorts of fishing in any part of the United States, Canada, etc., etc. Write your wants, I will save you money. Bicycles and Sundries. Hartford Tires, No. 80 $6.25 a pair. No. 77, $5.75 ■a pair. No. 70, $5 00 a pair. Veedtr Cyclometers $1.40. Mossberg "Cuckoo" 'Chimes 39 cts. 1900 Columbia Chainless $48.00. No matter what you want in Bicycle Sundries let us quote. I have special bargains in wheels at from $5.00 up, both new and second hand. It will pay you to write me before you buy. I take eggs in part payment on wheels Benjamin Hoag, Stephentown, N. Y. The Oologist. A MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. VOL. XVm. NO. 6 ALBION, N. Y., JUNE, 1901. Whole No. 177 Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales. Brief special announcements, "Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In thla department tor 25c per 25 words. Notices over 2.5 words, charged at the rate of one-half cent per each addltloaa. word. No notice Inserted for less than 25c. Terms, cash with order. Strictly FLrst-class specimens will be accepted In payment at one-third list rates. What's Your Number? Examine the mimber following your name on the wi'apper of this month's Oologist. It denotes when your subscription expired or will expire. No. 177 your subscription expires with this issue 180 " " " " Sept., '• 183 •' '• " " Dec, " 190 " - " " " June, 1902 195 " ' •' " " Dec. " Intermediate numbers can easily be deter- mined. If we have you credited wrong we wish to rectify. IMPORTANT. This June Oologist was is- sued June 8th. The July is- sue will be printed on June 25. Copy intended for that issue must be forwarded by return mail. NOTICE:— I will exchange ICO Datas, size 61/4x3^, printed on Diana Bond paper, for every BO cts. worth of strict ly first class sets with complete data sent me. Sets returned if not entirely satisfactory. CLARENCE H. LUTH- ER, Payetteville, Ark., P. O. Box 322. WANTED:— Hummingbirds' nests with eggs in exchange for specimens or supplies. J. P. BABBITT, Taunton, Mass. FOR SALE: — One set of Raven eggs with nest at catalogue rates. ALVAH G. DORR, Taxidermist and Fur Dealer, Bucksport. Me. FOR SALE or EXCHANGE : Sets of 378 4-8, 5-9, postpaid, for 4c per egR. or will exchange for Tobacco Tags. 10 tags for each egg. Get special price for 25 sets of 378, 1901 collecting. Address F. W. COLLINS, Garden City, Kan. TYPE:— I have about 15 fonts of display type and ornaments taken from a printer in payment of a bill. I will exchange for eggs or skins. Proofs on application. JAMES P. BABBITT, Taunton, Mass. TO EXCHANGE :-50 feet of seine (new) and good 22 cal. rifle for "Coues' Key, ' "N. A. Birds" or Davie's "Nests and Eggs." Good novels for eggs or either of above books. Write for exchange list. ROY E. GASTON, Hiawatha, Kan. FOR SALE:— Large Rocky Mountain sheep head, measuring l^Yi inches around base of horn, 35 inches around outside curve, 22 inches spread. Finely mounted. Price $hO 00. A rare bargain. Male deer heads,, all elegantly mounted. One large 13 point $15.00; one large 13point$l,5-.00; one 10 point $12.00: one 4 point $10. CO Every .one a bargain at above prices. Enclose stamp for reply. L. B. GILMORE, HloominK Valley, Crawford Co., Pa FOR sale:— A new No. 2 Eureka Camera (Eastman make) pictures 3»/4x3l2. three (3) double plate holders and 1 dozen plates, all postpaid for 85.00 Also a No. l Vive (almost new) holds 12 plates 4'4x4ii postpaid for $3.00. cost $6.00. F. W. COLLINS. Garden City, Kan., Box 431. OOLOGISTS :— 1 have a fine lot of strictly first class sets and .singles for sale at 80 per cent, discount. Don't miss this chance if you care to purchase eggs cheaper than cheap. Send for list. ED KASCH, Lockhart, Tex. FOR SALE:— The following first class sih- gles for sale very cheap: 289b, 2c; 316, 3c; 335, I5c; 326, 15c: 38.5, 5c; 387. 3c: 394a. 10c: 4C6. 2c: 443. 2c; 452, 3c; 4.54. 5c: .506, 2c: 507. 2c: 511, 2c: 511b, 2c; 513. 3c: 513. 3c: 5.52. 2c; .593, 2c: 594, 10c; 601, 2c; 604, 2c; 611. 2c; 627, 2c ; 633. 2c : 703, 2c : 719b, 5c; 735a, If'c; 766. 2c: Orders of less than 50cts. not dt^sired. Send before they are all gone ADOLF SCHUTZE, 1611 Sabine St„ Austin, Travis Co., Tex. look: look:— The following first class sets with data for sale: 316 13. 3c; 443 1-5 10c; 506 1-5, 6c: .553 1-4 5c; .593 1-4, 5c: 594 1-4, 40c; 633 1-4, 10c; 703 1-4, 1 5, 5c. The above price.s are per set postpaid, but orders for less than oOcts. not desired. ADOLF SCHUT2E, 1611 Sabine St., Austin, Travis Co., Tex. CAMERA and EGGS for EXCHANGE:— I offer nicely prepared, authentic sets of the fol- lowing In exchange for sets I can use: 79a 1-1, 93 1-1. 107 1-1, 116 1-1. 286.1 1-1, 288 1-4, 1-5, 408 1-8, 449 14. 498b 1-4, 1-5, 520 n-4, 611,1 1-4 to 6, 708 1 3. Also a 6x8 "Waterbury" view camera, made by the Scoville & Adams Co., with .shutter, 3 double plate holders, carrying case and tripod, all in good working order. In sending lists of duplicates plea e mention number of each spe- cies you have to offer. JAMES r, BABBITT, Taunton, Mass. 82 THE OOLOGISl WANTED.— Sets Of eggs containing abnor- mal specimens, such as runts, albinos, mon- strocities, abnormally colored or shaped eggs. Will give cash or good exchange. J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Pa. 101 WANTED.— May number, 1888, Vol. XXII, American Naturalist WILLIAM BREW- STER, Cambridge. Mass. FOR SALE:— Fancy and common Geodes, rangiag in price from 25c. to $5.00; halfs from 10c to 50e. Special rates to colleges aid mu- seums. H. K. McLELLAN, Hamilton, Han- cock Co., Illinois. 179 OOLOGISTS WANTED:— Will pay 50cts. each cash for one of each June 1888, and April 1889, and will give an exchange notice, or cou- pon good for one, for copies of the January 1895 and April 1899 issue, a notice for each copy. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. WANTED: — Al sets Nos. 83, 172. 192, 193, 206, 210, 228, 258a, 261,286, 301, 302, 310 478. 486, 618, 701 Canoffer good sets, Belgian Hares, Abys- sinian and English Cavies, Fancy Pigeons and Pit Games. ALMON E. KIBBE. Mayville, N. Y. 177 WANTED:— Oologists and others to read "Frederick Young," the prettiest book of the year. A line story with science and natural history intermixed. Tinted illustrations; gold top. Price $1.50. Superlative as a gift. Order through vour book dealer. By Charles Lin- coln Phillips, an old contributor to this jour- nal. H. A. DICKERMAN & SON, Publishers, Boston tf CASH PAID for bii'd, animal, nest and egg photos of specimens in situ or mounted. Must befree from copyright or other limitations, so that I can use them in my journalistic work. Write me soon and state lowest cash or ex- change price. Unmounted photos preferred. H. H. DUNN, Fullerton, California. PUBLICATIONS WANTED:— Complete vol- umes or single copies of the Osprey, Western Ornithologist, Bulletin Cooper Ornithological Club, Auk, O. and O , American Osprey, Con- dor, Iowa Ornithologist. Nidologist, Feather, Hummer. Oologist and others. I have A No. 1 sets with data magazines, stamps and cash to faciliate exchange. Everything answered. G .EN M. HATHORN, 1600 E. Ave., Cedar Rapids, la. FOR SALE or EXCHANGE:— Complete file (4 volumes) Osprey, except Sept. 1899 No , $5.00; 1 copy Nov. '97, 'ditto Jan. '98. the two 25 cents; Volumes 2, 3 and 4 Nidologist, $3 00: 1 copy each Sept. '94, May, Sept., Oct., Dec . 1895, the five 30 cents: Museum Vol. 2 complete. 75c: Bulletin Mich. O. Club Vol. 2 complete. Vol. 3 Nos. 1 and 2, Vol. 1 No. 2, the lot 75 cents ; Nat- ural Science News, complete file, 60 cents. Pre- paid at above prices. Will exchange any of the' above, value for value, for set 30-30 short range reloading tools ; a 3 or 4 slide tripod for 4x5 hand camera; a Stevens Diamond Model pistol, 22 calibre, 10 inch barrel; or a Bristol steel, jointed fly fishing rod for bass or trout. L. B. GILMORE, Blooming Valley, Crawford Co.. Pa. NOTICE !— Mounted Fish for sale: Leopard Shark. 18 inches $1 00 Bullflsh, 22 inches 1 00 Rock Sturgeon, 16 inches _ 1 00 Send "-tamp for photograph. EDWIN H. REIBER, No. 160 Champlain street, Rochester, N. Y. WANTED:— Sets of 58. 64. 76, 137, 139, 261. 273', 337, 339, 373, 387. 388, 390, 393, 394. .501-611. 614 and Others, especially 218, 230, 334. 364. Exchange or cash. All answered. A. E. PRICE, Grant Park, Ills. 177 FOR SALE: -My entire collection of eggs. Over three hundred varieties in 8ets and some singles. List includes manv rare species, Massena Partridge, Rivoli Hummer, Bou- card's Snarrow, Raptores, Thrishers, Wrens, etc.. etc" They all go at bottom prices. Write for my list. F. C. WILLARD, 704 N. Cnerry St., Galesburg, 111. Al SETS RING PHE iSANT, Mt. Quail Sooty Grouse— 8 to I'i oggs each— a few Al skins Western Evening Grosbeak iu pairs for original sets and skins. Many common spec- ies wanted. A. G. PRILL, Scio, Oregon. WANTED FOR CASH:— I intend to start a collection of birds eggs and skins and intend to buy quite extensively. Please send me lists of Al sets and strictly first-class skins. I have a list of about 100 different sets of this locality for exchange for anything not in my collection. I also want sample copies of all bird maga- zines. W. E. LEE, Ocean Park, Cal. WANTED:— Some nicely prepared Western game heads to mount. If you haven't them but can get them next season, write me. Cash.. F M, RICHARDS, Farmington, Maine. FOR SALE:— "Birds," monthly magazine, 8- vols, and 6 extra copies and over 400 different plates, beautifully colored, nearly all of birds. The finest thing of the kind ever published. A bargain at $4.75. In splendid condition. I also want many of the back numbers of magazines advertised for in May Oologist and March and April "Recreation." Write at once to AL- BERT F. GANIER, Bowmar Ave, Vicksburg, Miss. WANTED— Fresh skins of all humming- birds, also others. Can give in exchange skins of this and other localities, also a few eggs in sets. E. VAN L. SMITH, 109 Good St., Akron, Ohio. INDIAN BASKETS, Indian Beaded Buckskin Sioux Relics (Indian Photos, Indian Pottery Indian Weapons. Elk Teeth, Mex- ican Hand Carved Leather Goods Mexican Drawn Linens, Shells, Minerals, Fos sils. Ancient -tone Relics, Oregon Tiny Arrow heads, Fossil Fishes, Fossil Leaves, Corals Agate Jewelry. Curios. Wholesale and Retail 16th year. Two-story building full. New cat. No. 10. 40 pages, finely illus., for 5c. L. W.STIL WELL. Deadwood S. Dak. FENIKESE. A reminiscent sketch of Agassiz famous Summer School. A 96 page book of much interest to students of Nature. Price only 25c (reduced from 35c). Prepaid. FRANK H. LATTIN, Pub'r, Albion, N. Y. THE OOLOGIST, 83 THE CDRIO MONTHLY. Read What the Collectors Have to Sav about it: NUNDA, III. The Curio Monthly Is just such a magazine as all collectors need, and is the best magazine published in the ivorld. Frank A. Uox. SAULT Ste Marie, Ont. Allow me to congratulate you upon your very creditable first issufl. /'' was indeed a gen- uine surprise, and fills a long felt want. Any- thing I can do for you I shall be pleased to do. Wm. H. Laughlin. Shelter Island Heights, N. Y. The Curio Monthly at hand. I am much pleased with Its appearance and general make up, ana think It just about ./j^/.s the bill. Willis W. Worthington. Oak Mills, Kansas. Have received initial number of the Curio Monthly and am much pleased with its gen- eral appearance and contents. It is just swh a publication as ire hare been in need of for some time. Geo. J. Remsburg. Atlantic City, N Y. The Curio Monthly at hand and is. ^«« as silk. Lid you ever see any other paoer start np like it? c. C Downs. Mt. Vernon. III. Vol. I, No. 1 of the Curio Monthly has been received. Allow me to say that it not orly "fills a long felt want," but is exactly ••what the doctor ordered.'' M. L. C jleman High Hill, Mo. Received the April number of the Curio Monthly. No collector should be without it. Wm. Warner, Jr. Indianapolis, Ind. The Curio Monthly came to hand yester- dcty and I was much surprised at its ••get up.'' It was more than I expected and I h'-artiiy cnn • gratulate you on your success with Vol. I. No. 1 and trust that future numbers will not lack the merits of the first issue. Prank P. Jauke. [The publisher of the Oologist most heartily endorses the above testimonials. F. H. Lattin.] Subscription price only 25 cents per annum. Use the Exchange col- umns. The second issue (May 20th) contains 20 pages and cover. ALLEN JESSE REYNOLDS, Pub., Connersville, Indiana. RIDER AGENTS WANTED in each town to ride and exhibit a sample 1901 model bicycle of our manufacture. YOU CAN MAKE $10 TO $50AWEEK besides having a wheel to ride for yourself. 1901 Models sr; $10 to $18 '""•■'«» •"-•'is :.ts $7 to $12 500 Second Hand Wheels^o i. co taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores, w^ III «PO many good as new We ship any bicycle QN APPROVAL to anyone without a cent deposit in advance and allow 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL rc.^^ 910 risk in ordering from us, as you do not need to pay a cent if the bicycle does not suit you. Hfl AlflT DIIV^ wheel until you have written for our UW nU I DUI FACTORY PRICES and FREE TRIAL OFFER. This liberal oSer has never been equaled and is a guarantee of _ the quality of our wheels. NT a reliable person in each town to distribute catalogues for us in for a bicycle. Write today for free catalogue and our special oflfer. MEAD CYCLE CO., Chicago. ,0 . 84 rHE OOLOGIST. The Condor for 1901. This popular Californian, illustrated maga- zine of ornithology begins its third volume with 1901. and its issues range from 24 to 32 pages in size. It controls the output of West- ern material, and prints the most interesting and valuable articles to be found in any "bird" journal. New features have been introduced for 1901, which will serve to make THE CON- DOR a leader 1 The March (1901) number is one of extreme interest, containing among other things a charming article on the nesting of the Golden Eagle by R. H. Beck, illustrated with three fiiU page plates depicting nests in various rugged situations Mr. E. H. Skinner contributes a valuable and most interesting illustrated ar- ticle on the ne-ting habits of Giraud's Fly- catcher in its Mexican home, and other inter- esting papers are presented by Joseph Grin- nell, A. W. Anthony, R. D. Lusk and other well known contributors. A copy of this valuable number will be sent for 20 cents in stamps. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION, $1; VOL. II CAN ALSO BE SUPPLIED AT $1. The Cooper Ornithological Club also offers for sale its new 80-page publicaiion on ''The Birds of the Kotzebue Sound Region, Alaska," by that well-known writer, Joseph Grinnell. This will be sent on approval; price 75 cents, postpaid. Address all orders for sample copies, sub- scriptions or communications to C. BARLOW, Editor and Business Mgr., Santa Clara, Cal. "You might as well be out of the Bird World al- together as go without THE OSPREY." "THR OSPRRY, An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular Ornithology. Edited by Theodore Gill, in Co-op- eration with Robert Ridgway, L. Stejneger, C. W. Richmond and Other EminentOrnithoIogists. The Osprey does not keep a poet, but it has an office cat who can catch more birds than all the poets put to- gether. If you don't believe this, read The Ospret. If you want to buy. sell or exchange specimens, advertise in The Osprey. If you want to keep in with other Bird Men, subscribe for The Osprey. If you want to write about Birds, you can do it in The Osprey, provided you know how to write. If you like a beautifully printed and pro- fusely illustrated magazine, all about Birds you must have The Osprey. Terms— One Dollar a Year. Published by THE OSFREY COMCPA^iV, 321-323 41/2 St., Washington. D. C. Buy a Postal Card, Wiite your tame and address on back and mail to me. YOU WILL RECEIVE, New Lists of Birds Eggs, Minerals, In- dian Relics and. all Naturalist's Supplies. Ready to luail. Address, ERNEST H. SHORT, Box 173 Rochester, N Y. (Formerly Albion, N. Y.) JAMES P. BAbBITT Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird Skins, Eggs & Publications. Fine Imported Glass Eyes a Specialty. Illustrated Catalogue and large monthly bulle- tin of bargains in Birds Skins and Eggs free upon application. TAUNTON, MASS. Birbtes A real gem. Teachers fall in love with it and pupils want to read it througa as soon as they begin it Appropriate for School and Home. It is the story of the experience of Delma and Harold who went to tiieir grandfather's to spend the summer studying and observing the birds. Contents are : BrRDiES AT Their Trades: Mason— Swal- low, BasketmaUer— Crimsonflnch, Weaver- Oriole. Fuller— Goldfinch, Carpenter— Wood- pecker. Tailor— Tailorbird. Birdies and Their Songs: In the Garden —Robin. In the Wood— Thrush In the Field- Bluebird. In the Sky— Lark. In the Home- Canary. In the Grove— MockingMrd. Birdies on the Wing: Hummingbird. The Birdies Farewell: Jack Sparrow and Jennv Wren. Goodbye The book is very prettily illustrated by Bertha L. Corbett. the arf.st of Sunbonnet Babies. The author is Ida S. Elson. of Phila- delphia, formerly a prominent Kindergartner of Bethlehem, Pa. Prices Cloth, 101 pp., 30c: Boards, 104 pp.. 25c. Spec- ial prices for class use, A single copu to the one who mentions The Oologist/o?' l/ic. WILL1AA\ G. SMITH & COMPANY, A'iNNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA. The OoLOGiST. VOL. XVIII. NO. 6. ALBION. N. Y., JUNE, 1901. Whole No. 177 The Oologist. A MontMy Publication Devoted to OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor and Publisher, ALBION, N. Y. Correspondence and items ot Interest to the student or Birds, tlieir Nests and Eggs, solicited from all. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: Single subscription 50c per annum Sample copies 5c eacti Ttie above rates Include payment of postage. Each subscriber Is given a card good for a Want, Exchange or For Sale Notice. (This card is redeemable at any time within one year from date thereon.) Subscriptions can begin with any number. Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnished at reasonable rates. Send stamp for descrip- tions and prices. ia'"Remember that the publisher must be noti fled by letter when a subscriber wishes his paper stopped, and all arrearages must be paid. ADVERTISING RATES : 5 cents per nonpareil line each Insertion. 12 ILoes tn every inch. Seven Inches in a col- umn, and two columns to the page. Nothing Inserted for less than 25 cents. No •'special rates," 5 cents per line is -'net," "rock bottom," "Inside," "spot cash" rate from which there Is no deviation and no commission to agents. If you wish to use 5 lines or less space It will cost you 25 cents; loo lines. $5.00; looo lines, $50,00. "Trade" (other than cash) advertise- ments will be accepted by special arrangement only and at rates from double to five times cash rates. Due BUls and Cards payable in advertis- ing will be honored only at regular rates in force at the date of issuance of said bUl or card. Remittances should be made by Draft, Express or PostofQce Money Order, Registered Letter or Postal Note. Unused U. S . Postage Stamps of any denomination wUl be accepted for sums un- der one dallar. Make Money Orders and Drafts payable and address all subscriptions and com- munications to FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y. ENTERED AT P. O., ALBION, N. Y. AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. "A Handsome Little Owl." Along the city street I wended my way to the high school building, having my eye open as usual for things orni- thological and 00 logical. I was passing the quarter-block occupied from time immemorial by Martin Tighe's truck patch, an infallible guide to the pre- cocity or tardiness of the egging sea- son, for when I saw Martin lining off the patch for his rows of early potatoes, I knew certainly that two haadsome eggs were waiting my gathering in the nest in the big Cottonwood overhang- ing the creek. On this particular morning a most unexpected event oc- curred. Now I pride myself on my acquaintance with every spot in my parish that is likely t^ yield any oiilog- ical products; but theie right before my eyes, in one of the ancient fenceposts, not more than three feet from the ground, was a small opening suggestive of a nest cozlly ensconced in the bot- tom of a cav ty. Strange that I had never seen that hole before. Wonder- ing how that promising cavity had thus eluded, my gaze while passing the spot four times a day for several years, I rapped smartly below the opening, while all sorts os ccjlogical anticipa- tions fluttered through my mind. Wonder of wonders! Out popped a tiny specimen of the Owl kind, a hand- some little owl, which flattered aimless- ly for a moment about my head, and then perched upon the fence, scarcely beyond the length of my arm. My heart almost stopped beating in my excited bosom, for I could readily see that it was one of those little Elf Owls, or a Pygmy Owl, — ah yes, it was indeed a Pjgmy Spotted Owl, no larger than a Passer domesticus, with beaut ful white plumage mixed with longitudinal spots of grayish white. I give all these de- tails because some collectors are so critically anxious about accurate identi- ncation. m THE OOLOGIST. As I peered anxiously into the cav- ity, which seemed much larjjer and rounder than I fancied would he con- nected with the neat circular entrance, I saw that there were eggs lying in the bottom of the hollow. Was I indeed about to secure a full set of eggs of this rare species, about which I had read with covetous eagerness in the "Man- ual" and which the books declared was only a casual straggler in California and Arizona? One, two,— tears al- most blinded my eyes as I realized that the two, pearly white, small sub-spher- ical eggs were an incomplete set. Why had fate been so cruel to me, when other collectors were always getting sets of six and even seven? (I once heard of a tet of eight.) What should I do? It would never do to leave this desideratum in the exposed site, with hundreds of children passing several times daily; but to take an io complete set of so rax'e a species would be to de- preciate their value, and would leave a traia of regrets which would linge all my future days with sadness whenever I looked over my culogical treasures. Something must be done, and done quickly, for a group of children are coming, «.nd my aclions would draw their attention to the very thing I want- ed them not to know. While rapidly considering whether to take the incom- plete set and blame fortune for the re- sults, or to take the chances upon the nest's being overlooked by the children, even as I had overlooked it for years, keeping my eyes glued upon the im- maculate treasures in the brightening cavity, I was surprised by the hand- some little Owl's fluttering down and striking me plump in the small of the back,— why, 'tis nothing but the baby planting his foot abruptly against my spinal column, and I awake to find that Saturday morning has arrived, bring- ing a fine clear day for a tramp after products of Bubo virginianus sub- ■arcticus. Well, though no little Spotted Owl, nor Elf Owl, or other desideratum so valuable, allure me afield, I'm off for a cruise to a grove five miles away. On the preceding Monday evening, while mousing around a haw thicket sur- rounding two large cottonwoods, I had detected an indistinct form aperch up- on a low limb near the trunk of one of the cottonwoods. Though I was seven- ty-five rods away, as I circled the thick- et there remained the same distance be- tween the two prominences surmount- ing the upper corners of the crouching form, and I became aware that I was being watched with the jealous eyes of Master B. v. subarciicus. So starting out about Saturday noon, I made my way to the thicket. No Bubo was about the place. However I made a thorough search through the grove, in- specting every old nest of Crow, Hawk and even Magpie. I had not expected to find the Owls nesting there, though, for I had frequently inspected the thicket and knew about what it offered. Continuing my way I faced a cutting dash of snow pellets f^r nearly two mile', until 1 reached a grove of cotton- woods where I suspected the Bubos were located for their second attempt at nidification. This was on April 13th; I had despoiled the same pair of three eggs on March 16th. Before I entered the grove, I was in- formed that the Bubos were there domiciled and astir by a small colony of Crows which inhabited the place. Sure enough, I had scarcely stepped among the bare trees when I flushed the male Owl, and sent him flapping away at the head of a dozen deriding Crows. It happened that he alighted near the female, who immediately took wing, drawing after her the parcel of Crows. The male thereafter remained upon this perch, giving utterance oc- casionally to a deep-voiced but subdued hooting. As the female was thus abroad, it was necessary for me to THE OOLOGIST. 87 climb to each suspected nest, not know- ing the precise site; and guided by my experience with Bubo in Illinois, where sycamores grow tall and Bubos nest high, I ascended to several that were conspicuously high. At length, having examined all the likely sites, I conclud- ed that the occupied nest must be an insignificant affair in the top of a slen- der tree. Pushing through the thicket to reach the tree, I discovered a large, lean-to nest against the trunk of a small tree, the distance of the structure from the ground being only ten feet. Think of that, Dr. Strode, only ten feet. Little thinking that B. v. sub- arcticus was living so far beneath his privilege, I scrambled up the trunk from sheer force of habit, and ah, there were two eggs, generously blotched with blood as though produced through sore affliction, lying lonesomely in a cavity ten inches across and two inches deep. Incubation advanced to blood and matter, as I wrote in the data. And thus my Owl dream partially came true. P. M. SiLLOWAY, Lewistown, Montana. The Turkey Vulture. Cathartes Aura. Throughout southern California, from the booming surf of the hoary old Pacific to the snow capped summits of the Sierras, the Turkey Vulture, or "Buzzard" as he is commonly called, is by far the most abundant raptorial bird. Hawks, mostly of the Red-tailed and Red-billed varieties are common residents of certam limited districts but these vultures are well nigh univer- sal, in fact, so plentiful are they that one who has lived in this Golden state for any length of time, notes their ab- sence from landscape to a greater de- gree than he does their presence in it. In spring and early summer the big dark colored fellows are found most abundantly back in the higher hills but as soon as the young are fully fledged, they begin to scatter out over the low- lands where the food their manner of life demands is more easily obtainable than along the sterile hillsides. This family exodus takes place about the end of August, but the huge California Condors, who occasionally frequent the same hills with their lesser relatives, do not join in this local migration, preferring to take their chances in their naiive hills. These huge scaven)2;ers, however, do not nest with us, if so my knowledge on the subject is at present quite limited, ss the Turkey Vulture do. In this immediate vicinity, and, I may say, throughout the northern part of this county (Orange), their eggs may be looked for from April 1st to May 1st. Before this date sets are seldom com- plete and afterwards my experience has been that most eggs are "past redemp- tion" even by such all powerful means as caustic potash. I admit, on the other hand, that full sets of the f ggs of this vulture have been found near here earlier than April 1st, and on the 10th day of March of this year while out on the trail of a pair of Pacific Horned Owls, I found two fuzzy young "buz- zards" under a shelving ledge of rock on a barren hillside, and I have read of fresh sets which have been taken a few miles southeast of this place during the last ten days of May. Notwithstanding the many floating rumors which have come to me of "buzzards" that built huge nests in trees. I have never yet succeeded in finding the Turkey Vulture nesting anywhere save in the ground, and then always in little caves, never "among the brush on a sidehill" as I have read of other collector's doing. Nor do they nest in hollow trees, a trait com- mon to them in Texas and other Gulf states. This is not from any lack of dead trees for every fool camper who passes through our canyons must of THE OOLOGIST. necessity build his Sre beneath the overhanging trunk or the spreading roots of some giant sycamore or oak, so as to leave some mark of his vanda- lism on a creation far beyond his in- finitesimal ability to replace. I have now in my collection several sets of this species taken in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and other southwest- ern states as well as eight sets of my own collecting; further I have sets from states east of the Mississippi also, and it is worthy of note that all the western and southwestern collected eggs are much larger, more clearly shell marked and more brilliant in their outer markings than are those from the eastern states. The set rep- resented in photo herewith averages fully .25 inch longer than the average of four sets from east of the Father of waters. As may be seen from the illustration this is a well marked set, yet I have seen many, ana taken three or four which were more strongly marked even than these. They were taken April 12, 1900, from a hole, two by three feet, in a rocky ledge on a steep sidehiil. No diflaculty was experienced in walking directly to the nest. In fact I have not noticed that they try to conceal their nests or to place them in inaccessible positions This year on April 5th I took another set from the same locality and only a few feet from the old hole, so I suppose it was from the same pair of birds. The markings persist in size and position, while the four eggs could not be separ- ated by the calipers alone. No attempt at nest building is ever made and the nest smells worse than the Red-tails' I mentioned in the May Oologist. I have never seen any egg which sur- passes the egg of the Turkey Vulture in beauty unless perhaps it be that the Emeu, one egg of which I obtained from the Publisher of the Oologist not long ago. „ Harry H. Dunn, FuUerton, California. A Consideration. In reading many of the articles in current periodicals, a question must be forced upon the minds of all true bird- lovers. By bird-lovers I do not mean to include those who simply see in birds charming objects awakening a coveting desire for personal possession, but those who recognize in these "feathered gems" fellow creatures having right to existence, and the power to enjoy same, entitled to re- spect and possessini? traits of character worthy of earnest and forbearing study. The question which is suggested to such students is how many persons in the United States, collect birds their nests and egsrs, one or all, of these how many are there whose work in this line actually adds to the sum total of human knowledge, and of those who do so add what percentage of their collect- ing work continues to a desirable end. In short what percentage of all such collecting throughout the country, ac- tually yields commendable results and what percentage contributes to untold evil? These are considerations which effect not alone the mere "collector," but also at least nine-tenths of those persons who are posing as sincere students, and perhaps conscientiously believe in the value of their work. It is not my purpose here to enter into that much discussed question of what limits in collecting, the cause of advancement of knowledge justifies. "Who shall decide when doctors dis- agree'" And that they do so disagree on this subject, the columns of the pub- lications on ornithology amply testify. It has simply occured to me as a con- sideration, why should not those who are conscientious in the matter ask themselves in sincere impartial hones- ty, what the character of their work,., their ability for it, and its results justi- fy? THE OOLUGI.ST 89 When studeats whose conscieutious- ness it would be unjust to lightly ques- tion, indulge in rt^peat^'dlycoileetingnot first alone, but second fnd third layings of birds whose economic value is now becoming known throug;hout thereilma of agriculture us well as ornithology, and birds and their nests and eggs are amassed iu large series, l>y an ever in- cressiagiy largo number throughout the country, aside fjom the question of consideration of the rights of these weaker felluw creature?, asid i from consideration of the marked decreas- ing cf numbers of o! j cts of beauty and iatere.-t, adding immeasurably to the power of 0!ij>yment of nature, and contributing a fertile subject for legit- mate, harmless, and profitable study, there is furnished to the great mass of the people as just cause for complaint from an ecouomie standpoint and not alone is the study of ornithology im- paired by tho lus-i of sul'jeot-i but its cause is injured irreptrably in the mind of tbou-ands of { eople Mho hold the pleasure of diily observation of the birds as tiny friet.d->, vastly above all the ac- cumulated scientific knowledge of the past. If a conueleat student can look at an amassed series of a hui dred speci- mens of some species of a bird, or of a thousand eggs, and can conscientiously feel that the redults to true and valu- able knowledge has justified this ter- ribly seri')us sacrifice, it is my belief that he is above reproach. But if he has otie such specimen ia his collection which has yielded nothing to knowl- edge, whoso sacrifice of life has been in vain, then it appeais to me that a careful consideration of the fact must give him regret, kesn and sincere in proportion as his motives are honest and co:,scieutiou8. When WH review the enormous num- ber of specimens iu the private col- lections of the country, if we were able to trace all the results they have yielded in the way of increase of know- ledge, should we find the sacrifice jasti- fiedv And this does not touch thii mat- ter of the millions of specimens gone to early desi ruction with never a to contribute to any: hincr, throuj^h the misguided efforts of over-zea'ous col- lectors whose ability to obtain, entirely replaced auy ability to abstract ficts. It seems to me then that when one is inclined to turn to the pursuit of this study he sho'.ild earnestly. thoLigh:fally Ri^k himself the que^jtiou what bis pris- s'ible ability justifies in t:\e rnatter of coih-cting. If such a student would discip i.ie himself, first by an apprenticeship in observing and accumulating facts with- 'iut tbe destroyin^r of life and the en- jovmi'Kt of it, would not m-vuy fall by the wayside, and -^ ould not the gain be vastly gn-ater and the sacrifice greatly ]e s?. If a man has '•~erved such an ap- prertieeship, studying birds by means of c«me:a, opera glasses ar^d the many means whereby their lives are not de- stroyed, there has come to him oppor- tunity for the acquirement of more facts and original knowledge than m^ny imagine, and is not tha': man b tter fiUed thereby to enter into the serious part which deals with those lives that the true bird lover will rev- erence second only to human life and will not lightly sacrifice to the passing desire of the moment or to a mistakea idea of need. Finally, when a man has fully deter- mined that he ia justified in the pursuit of that high branch of tne stu 1y which occasionally requires the sacrifice of life or happiness, he should u e the ut- most care to assure himself that his methods are such as to guard against waste. When one reads of men taking eggs from the nest when far advanced in incubation and then failing to save them with a weak excuse that they are gone beyond all hope he loses all pa- tience. I have taken a set of Red- ^ THE OOLOGIST shouldered Hawk in which the young had already pipped the shell, and blown them as fairly first class speci- mens, by the careful use of caustic potash and patience. I took a set of Scarlet Tanager in which the youpg had feathers formed and injecting caustic potash and occasionally shak- ing, the contents in three days became transparent, and save for the feathers Tjlew out, thin, almost as water. I have also saved sets of both large and small eggs in first class condition by al- lowing them to stand a day or two with water in, in the absence of caustic potash. I wish I might have an expression of opinion on this consideration from my fellow students, not a hasty, biased or prejudiced one, but the result of care- ful, honest consideration from all its aspects. ;. Particularly I would like to see ex- pressed the views of those students whose work extends over sufficient time to give them the guidance of ex- perience. B. S. BOM^DISH, Mayaguez, Porto Rico. May 18, 1901. Pan-American Notes. On and after June 1st, as time and "patients" will permit, ye Editor in- tends to take an occasional day off and do the Pan-American — all exhibits and portions of exhibits containing anything of special interest to the readers of tne OoLOGiST in the specimen and curio line will be carefully noted, in order that the many who visit the Exposition with a limited amount of time at their disposal, will surely see all pertaining to their favorite hobby. For the past five years we have spent the bulk of our time in Buffalo and are fairly well acquainted with the Pan- American city and its accommodations. We have many personal friends and acquaintances, who are taking roomers and boarders during the season and in case any of the Oologist readers intend visiting the Exposition and have no biding place in view, we will gladly turn them over to the tender mercies of a friend. Write exactly what you want and how long you intend to stay etc. The following regarding the wonder- ful exhibit of the Smithonian Institution and the National Museum at the Pan- American Exposition, is rehashed from an interview with Dr. Frederick W. True, chi* f curator of the Bureau of Biology of I he Smithsonian Institution and Government Commissioner of the Institution to the Pan-American: The display is the finest ever made by the Institution and the National Museum, not excepting Chicago. While the quantity of the exhibit at the Pan- American may not exceed that of Chi ■ cago, the qu^iity will far excel it. It forms one of the largest exhibits in the Goverflment Building. Every bureau of the Institution is represented, but, as is naturally to bo expected, the National Museum makes the most ex- tensive display. The Institution has several exhibit illustrations of its history as well as some showing new developments in the work it also shows the will of James Smithson, the founder of the es- tablishment, and copips of his scientific writings. Pictures of the chancellors and secretaries of the Institution is also shown, with views of the build- ings, offices, the Hodgkins fund medals and publications, and, finally, a com- plete set of all the publications of the Institution and all its bureaus from the year 1846 to the present, comprising hundreds of volumes. The National Zoological Park is rep- resented by a large relief model show- ing all the natural features of the park and the animal houses, ponds, bridges and other matters of interest. This model has been worked out with great care and will show every important de- tail with exactness. The model will be supplemented by many interesting pho- tographs of picturesque points in the park. The exhibit of the National Museum consists almost entirely of new objects not shown at any previous exposition. The Pan-American idea runs through the entire exhibit, and very little that is not American will be shown. The plan has been to select large and strik- ing objects and exhibit them singly, THE OOLOGIST. 91 rather than to show extensive series of small specimens The exhibit !<; divid- ed into three sections — zoology, geology and anthropology. In zoology the museum has been fortunate in obtaining many rare and striking specimens for the exhibit, which is confined to American verte- brate animals. Among mammals should be mentioned the Kodiak bear of Alaska, the largest boar in the world; the singular little gray Glacier bear, which lives among the snow fields back of Mt. St. Elias; the giant moose, the wild black sheep of British Columbia, and Dall's sheep, which is enfrely white; the rare West Indian seal, the musk ox, the mountain caribou, and others. All the larger species are mounted on bases with accessories in- dicating their natural surrounding- and habits The bird exhibit comprises about 300 of ihe most brilliant and striking forms in America, including many West Indian and South American species, such as the condor, the American ostrich, the macaws and parrots, um- brella bird, bell bird, cock-of-the rock. The taxidermy of both birds and mam- mals is of a very high order. Among reptiles the most striking ex- hibit is a gigantic snapping turtle from Texas, known as the alligator snapper. The creature is about five feet long, and is the largest fresh water turtle ever found in America. This part of the ex- hibit also includes the poisonous and non-poisonous American snakes— rattle- snakes, moi'casins, boa constrictor, spreading adder", together with many striking lizards, frcgs, tnads, and sala- manders, including species from Cuba and Porto Rico. American fishes are fuUv represented. The museum has had agents at Key West, Florida, and on the Amazon River collecting specimens specially for the Buffalo exhibit. These have been prepared by a new method, by which their natural form and much of their brilliant color is preserved. A novelty in fishes is a large model of luminous deep sea fish, arranged by means of electrical attachments so that it will phosphoresce, as it is known to do, when alive in the depths of the ocean. Many of the fishes from the deepest waters are exceedingly grotesque and wonder- ful in structure, but on account of their small size and their bad condition when dragged from the depths of the sea, they are little known to the public. The geological exhibits are diversified and chiefly American. One very in- teresting series consists of examples of the various elements which occur un- combined in the rocks, such as gold, silver, copper, lead, mercury, platinum, carbon and iron. Strange as it may seem, one of the rarest of these ele- ments is iron. The exhibit contains native iron from Greenland, and a por- tion of an iron meteorite from New Mexico. Another interesting object is a large platinum nugget worth about $200 Carbon is represented by a dia- mond crystal, a piece of graphite, and specimens of the curios and valuable black diamond, known as carbonade, a piece of which the size of half a pea is worth about $40. A series of minerals includes every important variet'^, and no small num- ber of very striking forms, largely from America. Another especially interesting ex- hibit at this time is a series of the rocks of the Hawaiian islands, which, as is well known, are namely lavas The exhibit is accompanied by photographs of the interior of the craters of the vol- canoes. An exhibit of concretionary structures found in minei-al and rocks will include soma magnificent slabs of the concretionary granite found in New England. Collections of deposits from the geysers and hot springs of Yellow- stone Park are also shown. Still another section of the geologi- cal exhibits is devoted to fossil verte- brate animals and fossil wood. Of the fossil nnimals, the one which will doubtless attract most attention is the skeleton of the gigantic mammal-like reptile known as Triceratops. This creature was larger than the largest elephant, and had an immense bony shield on the back of the head, as well as a pair of great horns over the eyes. Besides the ske'eton, a large painting representing the animal as it must have appeared when alive, and a model is also shown. Another extraordinary creature ex- hibited is a bird with teeth, known as Hesperornis. This remarkable bird was more than three feet high. The skele- ton is practically complete Much at- ten' ion will doubtless be attracted by the collection of fossil woods from Arizona, many of which are extremely brilliant in color. Hardly less striking is the Zeuglodon, a whale-like carnivorous animal from Alabama, which reaches a length of 50 92 THE OOLOGIST. THE OOLOGIST. 93 or 60 feet. It is a strange combiDation of whale, sea-cow and sea-lion, and has long been a puzzle to zoologists. An extensive display of American anthropology, prepared in co-operation with the Bureau of American Ethnol- ogY) completes the exhibits from the museum. The most prominent fea'ure of this exhibit is large family Kroups, representing typical native American peoples, from the Patagonian to the ^Arctic Eskimo. Each group will serve to give an idea of the costumfs, sur- roundings and mode of life of the people to which it relates. Close attention has been paid to every detail of the ac- cessories and the modeling and paint- ing of the human figures are of a high order. The principal peoples represented are the Eskimo of the farthest north, the Canadian Algonquins. the Thlin- kins of Southeastern Alaska, the bas ket making digger Indians of Cali- fornia, the Zuni Pueblo Indians of Mex- ico, the Mayas of Yucatan, the Napo Indians of the Upper Amazon, and the Rhea-hunting Indians of Patagonia. Surrounding the groups are many cases filled with collections representing the arts of the Indians, their house- hold utensils, dress, weapons, etc. A series of models of habitation, the wig- wam, the snow-house and pueblo is al- so shown. The public will doubtless find a great deal to interest them in the collection of native baskets, which are shown. This series includes every type of ab- original basket making in the western hemisphere. There is many beautiful pieces, such as the Aleutian fine grass weaving, the pomo-coiled ware of Cali- fornia, and the diagonal weaving of the caribs of Guiana, the first Indians met by Columbus. With the object in view of presenting a route of wholesome fun and instruc- tion, some of the greater enterprises and chief Midway attractions at the Pan-American Exposition, have gone together in an organization called the Red Star Route, guaranteeing absolute- ly their entire offerings as wholesome and free from all objectionable features. Naturally, the first visit will be made to the electric reproduction of the Burn- ing Mountain of the Sandwich Isles— the Volcano of Kilauea, because of its nearness to the main entrance to the Midway. The spectator stands within an extinct crater of this perpetual fire mountain of Hawaii, Next to the Volcano you visit the greater Hawaiian Village, where you will find the now world renowned Na- tive Band of Hawaii, whose music, es- pecially the Hawaiian national airs, are delightful, and the famous Hulu hulu dancing girls. From all tbis fun, npxt, for the sake of patriotism, visit the great electric cyclorama, the Battle of Mission Ridge, an enormous reproduction of the great battle. Its management earnestly begs that the G. A. R. will make their com- modious waiting rooms their general headquarters. Moving along the vast Midway you are sure to be attracted by the quaint music of the Filipino Band. The Fili- pino Village is a big colony and con- tains representatives from nearly all the races inhabitating the islands. They range from cinnibalLsm to the highest degree of civilization. Many of the women are extremely beautiful. Near the Administration building you will find a handsome brick Vene- tian edifice, which contains the great- est wonder of all the Exposition — the Infant Incubators, from the London and Berlin Institutes, which has for its object the saving of the lives of poor little unfortunate babies who happen to have been prematurely born. On the Midway, and immediately op- posite the great Horticultural building, you will tind the Herodian Palace, con- taining the sacred spectatorium, Jeru- salem and the Crucifixion of Christ. Softly you tread with reverential step the grand staircase and look over the great scene. It is all sublimely realistic, and the most holy feelings of which the human heart is capable are aroused. This great work covers an area of can- vas four hundred feet round by sixty feet high. The price to each of these leading Midway attractions has been uniform- ly fixed at 25 cents. Although ground was first broken for the Pan-American Exposition on the 25th day of September, 1899, it was not until June 4th of last year that the first timber was raised aloft as the begin- ning of the superstructure of the first building. Since that day a beautiful city of more than one hundred build- ings has sprung into existence. The magic of 20th Century methods has wrought a wondrous work in the con- struction of this beautiful and costly Exposition, which on Wednesday, May THE OOLOGIST 1, was formally opened for a six months' festival. The completed exposition is a dis- tinct triumph for every one concerned in the mammoth enterprise. It may be said to the credit of Buffalo that her citizens have furnished the money for it, receiving no Government aid. The entire amount appropriated by the Fed- eral Government for the Exposition nas been expended under the direction of the Government Board of Federal exhibits exclusively. The New York State appropriation has also been ex- pended under the same conditions. The total cost of the Exposition, includ- ing the Government and State appro- priations, the cost of the Midway and other buildings, is conservatively esti- mated at $10,000,000. The Exposition was first proposed by a number of citi- zens at the Cotton States Exposition at Atlanta, in 1895. Its official history, however, began in June, 1897, when a company for its development was or- ganized by several prominent citizens and received the approval of the City, State and National governments. It was at first intended to hold the Expo- sition in 1899, but the Spanish-Ameri- can War caused its postponement to the present year. The preliminary or- ganization was superseded by a larger one with ample capital for the Exposi- tion, and from the time of the reorgan- ization the work has moved forward rapidly. This organization consisted of 25 directors, with the Hon. John G. Milburn as president, Edward Fleming secretary, George L. Williams, treasur- er, and John N. Soatcherd as chairman of the Executive Committee. The Hon. William I. Buchanan, at that time United States Minister to the Argentine Republic, was unanimously elected director-general, November 1, 1899. He had previously been the di- rector of Agriculture. Live Stock and Forestry at the World's Columbian Ex- position at Chicago. His ability as au organizer and director of a great enter- prise was at once manifest, as the work of the Exposition has gone forward without apparent friction or delay. The original plan called for some twen- ty large exhibit buildings and to these many more have been added The Ex- position plot consists of 350 acres in the northern part of the city, accessible from every direction by electric cars, and having as favorable a steam railway service as could possibly have been chosen. The general archi- tecture of the Exposition follows the Spanish Renaissance. The plan was worked out by a board of eight leading architects, representing several of the leading cities of the country. The most comprehensive view of the Exposition is, perhaps, obtained from tne Esplanade from a point a few rods north of the Triumphal Causeway. Here the visitor, with one sweep of the eye, may see nearly all of the principal buildings of the Exposition. The Tri- umphal Causeway, behind him, is a magnificent structure, designed by John M. Carrere, chairman of the Boatd of Architects. Four tall pylons are connected by swinging cables. The pylons are surmounted by four stand- ard bearers, designed by Karl Bitter, the director of sculpture. The bridge, as a whole, is intended to express the pride of the American people In their achievements. The standard bearer represents a muscular youth upon a rearing horse. Below him are the trophies indicative of feudalism, slav- ery and tyrranical power, the whole expressing the triumphal struggle of the people of the Americas to free themselves from the institutions of des- potic ages and governments. Termin- ating the buttresses of the piers are four groups of trophies typifying Peace and Power, modeled by Augustus Luke- man. In the niches on the side of the bridge are statues f-ymbolical of Hospi- tality, Love of Truth, Patriotism, etc. On each side of the bridge are fountains of rearing horses and figures flustered about tall poles which carry huge silk- en flags. The fountain on the east typ- ifies the Atlantic Ocean and that on the west the Pacific Ocean, with one ba^e uniting the two. The sculptor of these is Philip Martiny. Beneath the bridge are subterranean grottos mod- eled after the famous Buttes de Chau- mont. Turning now to the eastern wing of the Esplanade the observer will note th« group of three great government buildings, the open space being embel- lished with sunken gardens, fountains and statuary. At the left, marking the western boundary of the Esplanade, are the Horticulture. Mines and Graph- ic Arts buildings, this court being, also, decorated with statuary, fountains and flowers. Looking due north, the ma- jestic Electric Tower rises to a height of 400 feet. This tower stands at the north end of the Court of Fountains and constitutes a very beautiful center- THE OOLOGIST. m piece. On the eastern side of the Court of Fountains are the Ethnology, Manu- factures and Liberal Arts and Agricul- ture buildings. On the west side are the Temple of Music. Machinery and Transportation and Electricity build- ings. Beyond the tower is the Plaza whose northern boundary is marked by the Propylaea, a very beautiful archi- techtural screen, rich in color decora- tions and ornamentation of statuary. East of the Plaza is the great Stadium, a mammoth buildiue, having a seating capacity for about 12,000 people. West of the Plaza is the entrance to the Mid- way, where one may spend days enjoy- ing the multitude of novel entertain- ments. The beauty of the picture is beyond the power of anyone adequately to de- scribe, for no words can convey to the mind the glorious result of the combin- ed eti'orts of the architects, the sculp- tor, the landscape gardener, the color- ist and the electrician. They have all worked harmoniously to produce a set picture upon such a magnificent scale as to dazzle and delight every beholder. Upon the pinnacle of the tower stands a graceful figure in gold called the Goddess of Light, presiding over the Exposition and looking abroad over its many beautiful features. In her upraised right hand she carries a torch while with her left she points to the beautiful scene below. The face of the tower is covered with myriads of electric lights. One does not realize its mammoth proportions until he looks at it from a near point of view. The main body of the tower is 50 feet square; with two wings, eaeb 110 feet high extending from the east and south- ward and enclosing a semi-circular court' From its southern face gushes a cascade, at a height of 70 feet. At a height of 110 feet is a fine restaurant. Elevators will carry visitors to various heights in the tower. The State and Foreign buildings are situated in the southwest part of the grounds- Nearly all the governments of the Western Hemisphere are repre- sented, either in buildings of their own, or have creditable exhibits in the var- ious exhibit divisions. Several of the States have very fine buildings of their own and all of the important spates are represented by special exhibits in the Agriculture, Mines and other buildings. The Live Stock division occupies sev- neteen pavillions, covering about 10 aci'es of land. A special building has been erected for a model dairy and a commodious building is used for dairy exhibits. The division of agricultural machinery occupies extensive exhibit space beneath the seats of the Stadium. Two special buildings have been erect- ed in the southeast part of the grounds for a commercial ordinance exhibit. Between the two buildings is a model of a Gruson turre^ 53 feet in diameter. This is so arranged that the visitor may go inside and note the construction of this form of sea-coast defense fortifica- tion. The exhibit of big guns by the United States Government is one of the very interesting features of the Exposi- tion. The arrangement of the various Ex- position buildings is such that one may save a great deal of time, as well as ef- fort, in seeing the exhibits. The ar- rangement is very compact and one may go from building to building and enjoy himself thoroughly as he goes. The Fine Arts building is about 1,000 feet south of the Government buildings and contains a fine collection of the best works of American artists. The forestry building is a near neighbor of the Government Buildiug, and a few rods to the east is a stockade of the Six Nations oflndians whose ancesters dom- inated the territory of New York 400 years ago. This stockade contains all the various forms of buildings to be seen in an Indian Village prior to the settlement of New York. One of the pleasure trips within the Exposition grounds is the circumnavigation of the buildings upon a broad canal by means of launches which stop at convenient points. This canal, over a mile long, surrounds the main group of Exposi- tion buildings. There are also wheeled chairs in abundance, having noiseless rubber tires and easy springs, so that one may be as lazy and comfortable as he desires. A miniature railway also skirts the Exposition fence and will be found convenient by many. COLLECTOR'S TOOL. A POCKET INSTRUMENTFORTREECOLLEGTING- SAVES EGGS.DANGER.TIME. Send Stamp for Circulai*. (179) J. Rowland Nowell, Portman, S. C. T HIS PAPER is printed at the Book and Magazine Publishing House of A. M. EDDY, Albion, N. Y. 96 THE OOLOGIST. THE BEST ILLUSTRATED BIRD MAGAZINE EVER PUBLISHED. It gives the LIFE HISTORIES and FINE ILLUSTRAilONS of 4 or S N. A. BIRDS every month. The egg of each is shown FULL SIZE. It also contains short, interesting stories about birds. ,^': ONLY 50 CTS. A ", EAR. SAfllPLE COPY FREE. SUB^CRIB^ 9^0W. CHAS. K, REED, S«a. A, WORCESTE.R, MASS. GIBB'S CELEBRATED PROCESS OF RAPID TAXIDERMY. In Practical Use for Over Twenty-five years. Used Everywhere in America. Hundreds of Testimonals. Try and be Convinced. Start a class. Money in It. Be Your Own Taxidermist. Naturalists. Collectors, Gunners, Anglers, Outers. Boys, Girls and all others interested in nature and anxious to preserve the ."ppciniens taken in wood and field, have all felt the need of a simple method of preservation, which is free fi'om intricacies and inexpensive. There is a methrd of rapid taxidermy now in extensive use, which meets the requirements of all amateurs who wish a practical and inexpensive n?ethod of preserving the trophies of the out- ing and collecting trip. This is not the old system of so-called stuflfing, so expensive, laborious an^d disappointing, but is a rapid system, which anyone can learn at once and which is guaran- teed to give satisfaction. By this process you may preserve the beautiful plumage of the grouse and woodcock, or the pike's or bucic's head, or ibe showy feathers of the tanager. Boys, girls and all others can do good work and may make money, as mounted heads and birds find a ready sale, and besides you may teach your iViends and decorate the school-room, office and dining-room with native birds and other attractions. If you are in doubt, then get your friends to go in with you and start a class, for when several work together there is an advantage, and the expense is next to nothing. On the receipt of $1.00, ca.sh or stamps, I will send full printed instructions for mounting birds, heads, mammals, etc.. and all materials for mounting and preserving specimens— includ- ing prepared compound, together with full directions for dressing skins with the hair on for rugs and robes, so that you will not be to the expense of one cent and will .send full directions how to start a class. Remember I guarantee saHsf action or money reftinded. Mention Oologist and address MORRIS GIBBS, M. D., Kalamazoo, Mich. The Oologist. A MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. VOL. XVIII. NO. 7. ALBION, N. Y., JULY, 1901. Whole No. 178 Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales. Brief special announcements, "Wants,' "Exchanges" "For Sales," Inserted In tUla department lor 25c per 25 words. Notices over 25 words, charged at the rate of one-half cent per each additional word. No notice Inserted for less than 25c. Terms, cash with order. Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted in payment at one-third list rates. What's Your Number? Examine the number following your name on the wrapper of this month's Oologist. It denotes when your subscription expired or will expire. No. 178 your subscription expires with this issue 180 " " '• " Sept., '• 183 •' '• " " Dec, " 190 " " " " June, 1902 195 " " " " Dec. " Intermediate numbers can easily be deter- mined. If we have you credited vn:ong we wish to rectify. This Oologist was mailed July 24th. WANTED,— A pair of young live of each of the following: Bam Owl, Long-eared Owl, Short-eared Owl For good strong specimens, large prices will be given. J. E. T., Box 98, Lancaster, Mass. GOOD EXCHANGE for nice sheets of Birch Bark and Modern Indian bows, arrows, pipes, buckskin, bead and basket work, ALBERT B, FARNHAM,502 12th St,. N. W., Washington, D. C. EXCHANGE :— One Premo camera 4x5 with complete outfit to exchange for complete sets of eggs with full data. No others accepted. All letters answered, CHAS. S, MOODY, Oro Fino, Idaho, FOR EXCHANGE,— Eggs Of this state for sets of other states. Send list and receive mine, ED T, SCHENCK, Sprakers, N, Y, FOR SALE or EXCHANGE.— Two hundred fifty perfect arrow and spear points. FRANK RACKETT, Grand Rapids, Mich. Rural De- livery No. 1. OOLOGISTS.— Have some fine sets to ex- change for same. Send your lists. Sets of hawks, owls and water birds especially desired, RAY F, STEVENS, Shabbona, 111, WANTED,— A cabinet for bird skins and back numbers of magazines. Can offer sets, skins, mounted birds, shells etc, or part cash, also have a Lady's Bicycle, 28 in., for sale at $18.00 cash. All answered. W, JENNINGS WIRT, Gaines, Orleans Co,, N. Y. FOR EXCHANGE.— Model '99 gent's bike in good condition. Will take bird skins or Indian relics to value of 810, Write first. Address BOX 817, Ames, la. WILL EXCHANGE,— Western photos or plates and new books for eggs in sets. All let- ters answered. Address CHAS. S. MOODY, Oro Fino, Idaho, WANTED.— Good U. S. stamps. Offer in ex- change skins of 387. 412, 498. 76], 474, 759b, .587, 613, 614, 619, 521, 581, 461, 624. 661, 671, 673, 467, 728, 735, 655, THEODORE B, PARKER, 36 Beau- mont Ave , Newtonville, Mass, A FEW Sets each No, 123a, 49, 413, 588b, Several volumes Oologist and other bird journals; Gov, Pub, on Ornithology; Bar Lock Type Writer, cost $100 in good condition: Star Fish and Sea Urchins from Pacific Ocean, All for A 1 Skins and Original sets. A, G, PRILL, Scio, Oregon. FOR SALE,— Plumbeous Chickadee, sets of 6, 6 and 7; 15c per egg. Send for list of choice southern sets. Have Flying Squirrels for sale at $1.50 a pair; also Fox Squirrels, Coons, etc. E. F. POPE, Colmesnell, Tex. U. S, ARMY GOODS:— For Collecting, can- oeing, hunting and bicycle trips. Dog Tents, 2 pieces buttoning together, covers 5x7ft, ; weight about Slbs,, $1,2.5, 4 pieces button to- gether, covering 7x10, 12.25. Rubber Ponchos, 45x72, slit for head, $1.50. Canvas Hammocks and Haversacks, each, 50c. ALBERT B, FARNHAM, 502 12th St., N. W Washington, D, C 179 WANTED.— Sets of N. Am. Birds Eggs. Can use any except 498, 187, 49, 385. The more desirable the sets you offer are, the better the offer I will make you for them. I can offer Trays for Eggs, Large Egg Calipers (best 12 in. sliding) ; Glass top Egg Cases, Rare Single Eggs, Emue Eggs, Collection of 300 var, good Postage Stamps in sets; Shells, a large assort- ment labelled ; Minerals, single specimens or collections: Fossils: Indian Arrowpoints; Spearheads and Knives, many localities ; also an 8 V4 in. Rough Stone Axe and a few Drills: a few Bird Skins and Corals. Write, sending list of what you can spare and gi^nng me an idea of what you want and I will make the best offer I can. E. H. SHORT, Box 173, Rochester, N, Y. 179 98 THE OOLOGIST. WANTED.— Sets of eggs containing abnor- mal specimens, such as runts, albinos, mon- strocities, abnormally colored or shaped eggs. Will give cash or good exchange. J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Pa. 101 WANTED.— May number, 1888, Vol. XXII, American Naturalist WILLIAM BREW- STER, Cambridge, Mass. FOR SALE:— Fancy and common Geodes, ranging in price from 25c. to $5.00; halfs from 10c to 50c. Special rates to colleges a ad mu- seums. H. K. McLELLAN, Hamilton, Han- cock Co., Illinois. 179 OOLOGISTS WANTED:— Will pay 50cts. each cash for one of each June 1888, and April 1889, and will give an exchange notice, or cou- pon good for one, for copies of the January 1895 and April 1899 issue, a notice for each copy. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N, Y. WANTED:— Oologists and others to read "Frederick Young," the prettiest book of the year. A fine story with science and natural history intermixed. Tinted illustrations; gold top. Price $1.50. Superlative as a gift. Order through your book dealer. By Charles Lin- coln Phillips, an old contributor to this jour- nal. H. A. DICKERMAN & SON, Publishers, Boston . tf EXCHANGE.— Choice first class sets with full data Royal Tern, Am. Oystercatcher, Wil- let. Wilson's Plover, Brown Pelican, Clapper Rail, Laughing Gull,Forster's Tern BlackSkim- mer. Green Heron, Boat tail Grackle. Painted Bunting.IndigoBuD ting, Yellow-breasted Chat, etc. for A 1 sets with data and large singles. Sets also for sale very cheap. DR. M. T. CLECKLEV, Augusta, Ga. 180 in. o V (LIVE BARN OWLS A rair oi imu ] live long eared owls ° I LIVE SHORT EARED OWLS. For good strong specimens, large prices will be given. J. E. T , Box g8, Lancaster. Mass. COLLECTOR'S TOOL. A POCKET INSTRUMENTFORTREEGOLLECTING SAVES EGGS, DANGER, TIME, Send Stamp for Circular. (179) J. Rowland Nowell, Portman. S. C. A 1 SETS Manitoba collected eggs with full data, direct from the collector: Arctic Horned Owl 1-4, $1.50; W. H. Owl 1-3, 75c; Prarie Horn- ed i.ark 1-4 1-3. 10c; Short-eared Owl 1-10 2-7 3-6 3-5 3-4, 40c; Redtails 1-S 5 3, well marked, 2ae; Krider's Hawk 2 2 3-3, 35c; Long-eared Owl 3-5 3-4, 10c ; Marsh Hawk 1-6 5-5 2-4 10c : Gray Ruffled Grouse 1-9, 40c; Am. Crow 1-6 2 5 4-1 2c; Mallard 1-7 10c; Pintail 1-5 20c; Col. Sharp-tailed Grouse 1-10 1-12 1-13 1-17, 30c: Prarie Short-tailed 1-10 1-12 1-13, 30c Prarie Hen Ml 1-12 1-8. 10c; Mead- owlark W3-4 2-5 1-6 5c ;Killdeer 1-41-3 10c ; Sharp- shinned Hawk 1-5 1-6, $1.00; Purple Grackle 3-4 2-5 1-6, 2c; Rusty Blackbird 3-6 2-53-4. 30: Mourn- ing Dove 3-2, 2c; Clay -colored Sparrow 3-s 4-4 2-3, nests, 10c;. Yellow Warbler 3-4 8-3, 2c; Chest- nut collared Longspur 2-4 1-3. 20c; White- rumped Shrike 3-6 3-4, 3c; Flicker 1-5 2c; Rose- breasted Grosbeak 3-4 1-5, 5c; House Wren 2-6 2-5, 2c; Bewick's Wren 16 10c; Long-billed Marsh Wren 3-6, 2c; Bartram's Sandpiper 3-4, 25c; Wilson's Pharalope 1-4, 50c; Loon 1-2, $1; Swainson Hawk 4-3 3 4, 25c; well marked Broadwinged Hawk 2-3, $1; Song Sparrow 3-4 2-5, 2c; Redwinged Blackbird 3-4, Ic; Osprey 1-3, 75c; well marked Whooping Crane 1-2, $2.00. List is incomplete as I am adding sets daily, but all listed are on hand. Prices per egg. CHRIS P. FORGE, Carman, Manitoba,. Mounted Birds and Mamnials. The following specimens are all strictly first class, freshly mounted specimens-regular price in ( ) My closing priceis by mail, express or freight at purchaser's .expense— will ship cheapest way. Special rates on large orders. Screech Owl (2 75) California Screech Owl (3.50) Great Horned Owl (6.00) Arctic Horned Owl full plumage (20.00)... American Hawk Owl (6 00) : _ Road-runner (3.00) Californian Woodpecker (2.00) Horned Lark (1.75) American Magpie (2.50) Steller's Jay (3.50) Blue-fronted Jay (8.00) Bobolink (1.50) Meadowlark (2.00) _ Bullock's Oriole (1.75) Evening Grosbeak (2 25) Pine Grosbeak (2.00) American Crossbill (1.75) _ Bohemian Waxwing (2.50) Black and White Warbler (1.25) Myrtle Warbler (1.50) American Robin (1.50) Ring-necked Pheasant full plumage (8.00) FrtANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N 1 75 2 10 4 75 12 50 3 90 1 75 1 10 90 1 50 1 30 1 30 90 1 15 90 1 25 1 10 90 1 30 80 80 80 5 60 Y. B RDSof RHODE ISLAND, By R. H. HOWE, JR. and E. STURTEVANT 8«o, cloth, Illustrated, 1899. ^^ Price, $1 35, Postpaid NATURALISTS' BOOK SHOP, 2102 Market Street, ^ ^ Philadelphia, Pa. 1H£ OOLOGIST. RIDER AGENTS WANTED one in each town to ride and exhibit a sample 1901 model bicycle of our manufacture. YOU CAN MAKE $10 TO $50 A WEEK besides having a wheel to ride for yourself. 1901 Models srr: $10 fo $18 '00 & '98 Models £s $7 to $12 500 Second Hand Wheelsco «. ^a taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores, «Pu lU «PO many good as new -r^ We ship any bicycle QN APPROVAL to anyone without a cent deposit in advance and allow 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL. 2LLV^^ 710 risk in ordering from us, as you do not need to pay a cent if the bicycle does not suit you. MUflT DIIV * ■wheel until you have written for our I1U I DU I FACTORY PRICES and FREE TRIAL OFFER. This liberal offer has never been equaled and is a guarantee of the quality of our wheels. a reliable person in each town to distribute catalogues for us in exchange for a bicycle. Write today for free catalogue and our special offer. J. L. MEAD CYCLE CO., Chicago. GIBB'S CELEBRATED PROCESS OF RAPID TAXIDERMY, In Practical Use for Over Twenty-five years. Used Everywhere in America. Hundreds of Testimonals. Try and be Convinced. Start a class. Money in It. Be Your Own Taxidermist. Naturalists, Collectors, f Gunners, Anglers, Outers, Boys, Girls and all others interested in nature and anxious to preserve the specimens taken in wood and field, have all felt the need of a simple method of preservation, which is free from intricacies and inexpensive. There is a method of rapid taxidermy now in extensive use, which meets the requirements of all amateurs who wish a practical and Inexpensive method of preserving the trophies of the out- ing and collecting trip. This is not the old system of so-called stuffing, so expensive, laborious and disappointing, but is a rapid system, which anyone can learn at once and which is guaran- teed to give satisfaction. By this process you may preserve the beautiful plumage of the grouse and woodcock, or the pike's or buck's head, or the showy feathers of the tanager. Boys, girls and all others can do good work and may make money, as mounted heads and birds find a ready sale, and besides you may teach your friends and decorate the school-room, office and dining-room with native birds and other attractions. If you are in doubt, then get your friends to go in with you and start a class, for when several work together there is an advantage, and the expense is next to nothing. On the receipt of $1.00, cash or stamps, I will send full printed instructions for mounting birds, heads, mammals, etc.. and all materials for mounting and preserving specimens— includ- ing prepared compound, together with full directions for dressing skins with the hair on for rugs and robes, so that you will not be to the expense of one cent and will send full directions how to start a class. Remember I guarantee satisfaction or money refunded. Mention Oologist and address MORRIS GIBBS, M. D., Kalamazoo, Mich. ^ . I Al^ 100 THE OOLOGIST. Birbtes A real gem. Teachers fall in love with it and pupils want to read it through as soon as they begin it. Appropriate for School and Home. It is the story of the experience of Delma and Harold who went to their grandfather's to spend the summer studying and observing the birds. Contents are : Birdies at Their Trades: Mason— Swal- low, Basketmaker— Crimsonfinch, Weaver- Oriole, Fuller— Goldfinch, Carpenter— Wood- pecker, Tailor— Tailorbird. Birdies AND Their Songs: In the Garden —Robin. In the Wood— Thrush. In the Field- Bluebird. In the Sky— Lark. In the Home- Canary. In the Grove— Mockingbird. Birdies on the Wing : Hummingbird. The Birdies Farewell: Jack Sparrow and Jenny Wren. Goodbye. The book is very prettily Illustrated by Bertha L. Corbett, the artist of Sunbonnet Babies. The author is Ida S. Elson, of Phila- delphia, formerly a prominent Kindergartner of Bethlehem, Pa. Prices Cloth, 104 pp., 30c: Boards, 104 pp., 25c. Spec- ial prices for class use, A single copy to the one who mentions The OoLOGisT/or lac. WILLIAM G. SMITH & COMPANY. MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA. JAMES P. BABBITT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer' in Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird Skins, Eggs & Publications. Fine Imported Glass Eyes a Speeialty. Illustrated Catalogue and large monthly bulle- tin of bargains in Birds Skins and Eggs free upon application. TAUNTON, MASS. Buy a Postal Card, Write your name and address on back and mail to me. YOU WILL RECEIVE, New Lists of Birds Ej;gs, Minerals, In- dian Relics and all Naturalist's Supplies. Ready to mail. Address. ERNEST H. SHORT, Box 173 Rochester, N, Y. (Formerly Albion, N. Y.) "You might as well be out of the Bird World al- together as go without THE OSPREY." a:'HR OSPRRY, An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular Ornithology. Edited by Theodore Gill, in Co-op- eration with Robert Ridgway. L- Stejneger, C. W. Richmond and Other EmInentOrnithoIogists. The Ospbey does not keep a poet, but it has an office cat who can catch more birds than all the poets put to- gether. If you don't believe this, read The Osprey. If you want to buy? sell or exchange specimens, advertise in The Osprey. If you want to keep in with other Bird Men, subscribe for The Osprey. If you want to write about Birds, you can do it in The Osprey, provided you know how to write. If you like a beautifully printed and pro- fusely illustrated magazine, all about Birds you must have The Osprey. Terms— One Dollar a Year. Published by THH OSPREY C09IPA?(V, 321-323 AVi St., Washington, D. C. The Condor for igoi. This popular Califomian, illustrated maga- zine of ornithology begins its third volume with 1901, and its Issues range from 24 to 32 pages in size. It controls the output of VVest- ern material, and prints the most interesting and valuable articles to be found in any "bird" journal. New features have been introduced for 1901, which will serve to make THE CON- DOR a leader ! The March (1901) number is one of extreme interest, containing among other things a charming article on the nesting of the Golden Eagle by R. H. Beck, illustrated with three full page plates depicting nests in various rugged situations Mr. E. H. Skinner contributes a valuable and most interesting illustrated ar- ticle on the nesting habits of Giraud's Fly- catcher in its Mexican home, and other inter- esting papers are presented by Joseph Grin- nell, A. W. Anthony, R. D. Lusk and other well known contributors. A copy of this valuable number will be sent for 20 cents in stamps. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION, $1; VOL. II CAN ALSO BB SUPPLIED AT $1. The Cooper Ornithological Club also offers for sale its new 80-page publication on "The Birds of the Kotzebue Sound Region, Alaska," by that well-known writer, Joseph Grinnell. This will be sent on approval; price 75 cents, postpaid. Address all orders for sample copies, sub- scriptions or communications to C. BARLOW, Editor and Business Mgr., Santa Clara, Cal. The OoLOGiST. VOL. XVIII. NO. 7. ALBION, N. Y., JULY, 1901. Whole No. 178 The Oologist. A MontMy Publication Devoted to OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor and Publisher, ALBION, N. Y. Correspondence and Items of Interest to tbe student of Birds, their Nests and Eggs, solicited from all. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: Single subscription 50c per annum Sample copies 5c each The above rates Include payment of postage. Each subscriber is given a card good for a Want, Exchange or For Sale Notice. (This card Is redeemable at any time within one year from date thereon.) Subscriptions can begin with any number. Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnished at reasonable rates. Send stamp for descrip- tions and prices. ^^Remember that the publisher must be noti fled by letter when a subscriber wishes his paper stopped, and all arrearages must be paid. ADVERTISING RATES : 5 cents per nonpareil line each insertion. 12 lines In every inch. Seven Inches In a col- umn, and two columns to the page. Nothing Inserted for less than 25 cents. No "special rates," 5 cents per line Is "net," "rock bottom," "Inside," "spot cash" rate from which there Is no deviation and no commission to agents. If you wish to use 5 lines or less space it will cost you 25 cents; 100 Unes, $5.00; lOOO lines, $50.00. "Trade" (other than cash) advertise- ments will be accepted by special arrangement only and at rates from double to Ave times cash rates. Due BlUs and Cards payable In advertis- ing will be honored only at regular rates in force at the date of issuance of said bill or card. Remittances should be made by Draft, Express or Postofflce Money Order, Registered Letter or Postal Note. Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of any denomination will be accepted for sums un- der one daUar. Make Money Orders and Drafts payable and address all subscriptions and com- munications to FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, Orleans Co. , N. Y. ENTERED AT P. O., ALBION, N. Y. AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. How Some Birds Capture Their Prey. The ruacner in waich the different species of birds capture their prey is very interesting to the observer. There are divers, snappers borers, grubbers, ficoopers, skimmeis, diggers and many others of devious ways. In swimmirg and flying most of the birds pive evi- dence of their habits of securing their prey, as seen in the methods of the fly- catchers and in the movements of the Ducks in the water. But the habits of nest construction are often quite dissim- ilar from the methods of food capture. We know that the Woodpeckers can bore for food and at the same time hol- low out their nest, but the Kingfishei^ uses its beak in securing iis prey in the water, and yet burrows in the sand when forming its home, while tho Wood- cock, which bores for its food, builds its nest on the surface of the ground. The Bank Swallow captures its prey in the air, but burrows in the bank like the Kingfisher. The Great Blue Heron spears or snaps up its prey in the water and yet it builds its nest of sticks quite similar to the ways of many small birds. There are no groups of birds which have not marked variations in some habits and it is interesting to note them in comparison. Loons, Merganser.^, Auks, Guillemots and many other birds secure their prey by diving, and many can and do remain a long time beneath the surface and make long flights, so to speak, through the water in pursuit of fishes. I have twice seen birds swimming under the water and they seemed to be flying. In capturing their prey they undoubtedly use their winas in a similar manner. There is small chance of our seeing the actual capture by these diving birds, but we may reason that they secure the minnows by a movement similar to that of the Heron in his wadiog and snapping. Let us compare the ways of a fewr birds in securing prey from the water, on the surface or near it. The Osprey 102 THE OOLOGISl poises above the selected prey and at a height of from fifteen to 100 yards, gen- erally at about thirty yards, and then plunges at an angle of from forty to eighty degrees. He drops with a mighty rush, and apparently, is certain of de- struction if he strikes the water at this speed. No one can positively assert just how the Fish Hawk strikes the water, for though it seems as if he strikes heavily, and very often goes completely under the surface, and in some cases remains under for nearly a half mimite, yet it is observable that the prey, when secured, is always brought forth in the talons. It is really remark- able how the Osprey can regulate his plunge and secure the fish with his claws after churning the water to foam. It would almost seem that he makes a grab in the dark after reaching the water. His method of capture differs from all others cf the birds which I have observed in America. When the Osprey secures the fish it quickly mounts from the surface and then the capture may be plainly seen in the talons of the fortunate bird. The bird nearly or quite always carries the fish head for- ward and grasps it with both feet. In quarters where I have observed I be- lieve the average catch weighed about a pound and a half and I judged that fish that weighed less than a pound were rarely hunted, while two pounders and even as large as three pounders were not rarely secured by the Hawk. On one trip in Southern Florida we repeat- edly observed a fishing bird that had re- ceived an injury to one of its legs, rend- ering it powerless to use the injuied foot. This foot hung down when the bird flew and was of no apparent use in its forays for fish. We carefully watched this crippled fisher in its attempts to catch fish, and noted that the poor bird made as many as eight or ten plunges before securing a prize, and when the fish was secured the prize was held in the claws of one foot, the other foot be- ing of no assistance. After the capture the Hawk flew to a convenient perch on a limb in plain sight from our boat and attempted to eat the fish. The attempt to manage the fish and as well hold to its perch was too much of an under- taking for the disabled bird and in its struggles it lost its hold on the fish, which fell to the ground. The Hawk made no attempt to regain the captured fish, but immediately began fishing again. The Pelicans are odd feeders and their methods of securing prey are various In addition to the habit of snapping up fish and other food as they swim about, they have also the habit of swooping down and engulfing fish on the surface or just below. This habit frequently observed in the Brown Peli- can in the south is most singular. The fishing birds may be closely watched at St. Petersburg on Tampa bay, where they are protected by law, and where they have become very tame and unsus- picious. I have repeatedly seen the birds dive within ten yards of the wharf where I was standing. The bird flies with flops of its huge wings and has not inaptly been likened to an exagerated Woodcock with its long beak drooping. At times the birds hover over a spot and then drop with a heavy thud into the water This plunge is made head first and it always seems a miracle to me that the creature is not killed out- right from the concussion. The bird seems to strike the water like a huge bladder and sometimes goes completely beneath the surface, but generallv only partially, and in most instances immed- iatelv rises after its plunge. In these cases where the prey is small and taken from near the surface, I am well satis- fied that the Pelican scoops up the food rather than snaps it up with its beak. If one will examine a Pelican's bill it will be found that the upper mandible is firm and very strong, while the under mandible is of very pliable material, THE OOLOGIST 103 and though but an inch wide when rest- ing, may easily be spread to four or tive inches. It is my idea that the bird when fishi g for small prey on the sur- face, and by plunging, merely opens its bill as it strikes the water ard scoops up the minnows in its pouch. I have frequently seen the Pelicans feeding so near me that I could distinguish the small fish jumping about in the pouch of its captor just after the bird arose from its plunge. Anobserver is enabled to do this when the bird flies between the wharf and the rising or setting sun, as the pouch is almost translucent and the jumping form of the little nsh may be easily distinguished. Of course when larger fishes are caught the principle of capture is different. I have seen two pound mullet taken from a Pelican's gullet and have been told by a reliable man that he had seen oo« of a weight of over three pounds removed from a fish- ing Pelican. The Gulls and Terns feed almost en- tirely from the surface and are graceful in all their movements, dropping to the water in bold plunges and skimming above the surface like the wind-driven foam. The Petrels and Skimmers course over the sea, tacking and veering in their search for food. These birds snap up their prey when on the wing as with nearly all the sea biids. The Geese rarely go beneath the surface while feeding, and I have never seen a Swan more than plunge its head and neck under water. Geese and Swans always feed where the water is shallow when on lake or stream, while the sea Ducks feed from deep water. I have no doubt that many species of Ducks feed from the bottom where the water is twenty or more feet deep, and I have found some feeding on fresh water that had the crops filled with crustaceans and aquatic seeds, which were only to be found at the bottom and in fifteen feet of water. The Mergansers, which come very near to being exclusively fish feeders, secure their prey as do the Loons, ly ] ursuit and snapping up the fish. This habit is followed at times bv nearly all species nf Ducks, and well kn^wn river Ducks not rarely partake of a feast of small minnow-i when they can be fonnd in shallow watf r and are not difficult to secure. The Herons feed largely upon fish, but they vary their diet and are even known to eat grasshoppers, while they are very destructive to the larval forms of the dragon fly and other aquatic in- sects. This is especially true of the Least Bittern and Green Heron, which are very beneficial to man in their choice of food, though they are also de- structive to the small fry, efpecially the Fly-up-the creek or Green Heron, a great poacher on the trout fry. I have watched the Herons and Bitterns as they waded ybout and have seen the lightning like thrusts of their beaks as they stabbed at their prey. Among the fishes that are preyed upon by the Heron family is the bullhead or horn- pout, which is known to have three erectile fin spines — one on the dorsal fin and one on each side. The wild birds are generally well aware of the danger in swallowing one of these dangerous fishes, whole, and they usually destroy the hinge that works the set-trigger spine before swallowing the fish whole. I once had the pleasure of watching a Greater Bittern dissecting out the dan- gerous dorsal and pectoral fin spines from a good sized bullhead, preparatory to making a meal of him. The scene occurred on thw edge of a marsh and the thunder-pumper was so much engaged, that it failed to note my presence and I had a good opportunity to observe the operation. The bird placed thecsplur- ed fish on the marsh grass between its feet and with sharp stabs destroyed the attachments of the spines. The work took some time t/^F\U^ \\.U3STRA.T\OHSof; FOURogFIVE NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS , evepymonth . THE EG-G- of each is , shown FULL SIZE and tnany nests. It also contains short interesting STORIES ABOUT BIRDS. ^^1 ^X-# f?4 % ^^^TSAYEAR^SAMPLECOP^ FP^^- CHAS.K.REED, Sta.A. WORCESTER, MASS^ BUV THE SEWING MACHINE Do not be deceived by those who ad- vertise a $60.00 Sewing Machine for $20.00. This liind of a machine can be bought from us or any of our dealers from $15.00 to $18.00. WE MAKE A VARIETY. THE NEW HOME IS THE BEST. The Feed determines the strength or weakness of Sewing Machines. Tlie Double Feed combined with other strong points makes tlie ]¥ew Home the best Sewing Machhie to buy. showing the dif- Tcnt styles of ■(^"wing Machines we manufiicture and prices before purchasing Write for CIRCULARS I THE NEW BOHE SEWIM MftGHINE 1^. ORANGE, MASS. 28 Union Sq. N. Y., Chicago, 111., Atlanta, Ga., St. Louis.Mo., Dallas,Tex.,San Francisco, Cal FOR SALE BY PENIKESE. A reminiscent sketch of Agassiz famous Summer School. A 96-page book of much interest to students of Nature. Price only 25c (reduced from 35c). Prepaid. Read iivbat others say: "Have found it extremely interesting read- ing,"—Henry Prime, Garden City, L. I. '•I enjoyed the book [Penikese] very much." — W. W. Kinsley (Supt. of Schools) Grand Ledge, Mich. "It is both instructive and entertaining and deserves a place in the library of every student of nature."— W. D. Lynn, Canfield, O. "I have just finished reading 'Penikese' and can say that I have enjoyed it exceedingly. Anything looking toward keeping green the memory of the great Agassiz should be of in- terest to the teacher of biology and no period of his life is more interesting than the years spent in building up the laboratory on Peni- kese."—W. P. Hay (Prof. Biology, HighSchool) Washington, D. C, '•I have read the book [Penikese] with great Interest and think it rtU admirable remini- scence of one of the greatest naturalists of the nineteenth century. The name of Agassiz is assuredly treasured by all true lovers of na- ture and his methods of study have left a strik- ing impress on present-day workers."— (Rev.) Robert Blight, Green Lane, Pa. FRANK H. LATTIN, Pub'r, Albion, N. Y. INDIAN BASKETS, Indian Beaded Buckskin Sioux Relics, (Indian Photos, Indian Pottery, Indian Weapons. Elk Teeth, Mex- ican Hand Carved Leather Goods, Mexican Drawn Linens, Shells, Minerals. Fos- sils. Ancient >tone Relics, Oregon Tiny Arrow- heads. Fossil Fishes, Fossil Leaves. Corals, Agate Jewelry. Curios. Wholesale and Retail. 16th year. Two-story building full. New cat., No. 10, 40 pages, finely illus., for 5c. L.W.STIL- WELL. Deadwood, S. Dak. If you collect note my SPECIAL OFFER. I will send you by mail postpaid one pach of the following eg'^.s: American Herring Gull, Gt. Blue Heron, White- facerl Glossy Ibis, Ring-necked Pheas- ant, Killdeer Plover, Burrowing Owl, Road-runner, Red-wing, Dwarf Cow- bird. Mof'kingbird, Flicker, Wood Thrush, Indigo Bunting. American Robin and Mourning Dove, all listing at $3.00. for only 73c New list of sets just issued. ERNEST H. SHORT. Rochester, N. Y. BOYS! The Oologist A MONTHLY PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO OOLOGY. ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. VOL. XVIII. NO. 8. ALBION, N. Y., AUGUST, 1901. Whole No. 179 Wants, Exchanges, and For Sales. Brief special announcements, "Wants,' "Exchanges" "For sales," Inserted In tills department for 25C per 25 words. Notices over 25 words, charged at the rate of one-half cent per each additional word. No notice inserted for less than 25c. Terms, cash with order. Strictly First-class specimens will be accepted in pajrment at one-third list rates. What's Your Number? Examine the number following your name on the wrapper of this month's Oologist. It denotes when your subscription expired or will expire. No. 179 yoiir subscription expires with this issue 180 " " " " Sept., '• 183 •' '• " " Dec, " 190 " " " " June, 1902 195 " " " " Dec. " Intermediate numbers can easily be deter- mined. If we have you credited wrong we wish to rectify. TMDAPT R VI This August Oologist was is- IJurUniAlll* sued July 20th. The Sept. is- sue will be printed on Aug. 20. Copy intended for that issue must be forwarded by return mail. CERULEAN WARBLERS Eggs in sets with nest in situ for sale at list rates. Sets of 617 for exchange. W. E. SAUNDERS, London, Ont. FOR SALE.— My collection of small birds; 169 in all. No's 815 and 640 among them. All good skins. Will send list if you mean busi- ness. W. F. WEST, Greensburg, Ind. EXCHANGE.— A fine lot of bird skins to ex- change for a pair of live Pheasants, any varie- ty Correspondence solicited. C. VAN L. SMITH, 109 Good St., Akron. Ohio. COLLECTORS : Why don't you send for my cheap prices on Birds Eggs, singles and sets. I am just giving them away All letters an- swered promptly. A D. DOERGE, P. O. Box 3, Navasota, Texas. FOR SALE CHEAP.— Fine AI sets with data such as Chuck-wiU's-widow, Louisiana Water Thrush, Titmouse, Nuthatch. Hawks, Owls, Vultures and many more. Write for lists. ROBT. D. FOXHALL, Tarboro. N. Car. FOR SALE.— Sets of American and Barrow's Golden-eye, Loon and R. B. Nuthatch, skins of Gray Ruffed Grouse, Cinnamon Teal and Picket Pin Gopher, back numbers of "Osprey," bird pamphlets, etc., or will exchance any of above for Davie's Taxidermy, good Watch or Telescope. WM. A. BOWMAN, ColumbiaFalls, Mont. WILL SELL for best offer in cash or eastern specimens of birds or eggs. One glass case con- taluing L thirteen squirrels mounted upon branches, etc. Case contains one Black, one Red, one Grey, one Chipminck, one Flying one Fox, one White Face Fox, one Florida Fox, one German Black, one German Red. one Mex- ican Red and Grey, one South American Fly- ing, one India Black and Yellow. All answer- ed. GEO. SWEZEY, 66-79 Jackson St. . New- ark, N. J. WILL t)ELL CHEAP or exchange for Al sets with data. Lattin's catalogue. 1000 points and buts of arrows and spears,3 forjlc exchange 5 for le cash; back numbers Oologist, "Birds" Part I, colored olates, "Birds of New Jersey," "Birds About Us," Abbott; Eastman pocket kodak; 22 and 32 cal. Smith and wesson re- volvers ; a handsome tan sole leather gun case for carrying two guns ; a four draw brass tele- scope: pair of boy's climbers; sets of cigarette cards; trap door spider's nest; large pieces of petrified wood from Arizona and pottery from the Cliff Dwellers: old copper cents and half cents ; two glass topped cases, one, two draw- ers (walnut) 21x84; other a wall case 16x24 (cherry); also sets of Al birds eggs. Every- thing is Al and must go cheap for cash or Al sets. B. A. CARPENTER, Salem, N. J. I AM COLLECTING this season in Southern Arizona in the Huachuca mountains. I am se- curing many rare and desirable sets, including Red-faced, Virginia, Audubon's. Black-throat- ed Gray, Lucy's, Olive, Grace's and Sonora Yellow Warblers; Coues', Vermillion, Sulphur- bellied, Olivaceous and Buff-breasted Fly- catchers; Stephen's Whip-poor-will; Rivoli, Broad-tailed, Cactus and Black-chinned Hum- mers; Arizona and Long-crested Jays: Scott's Oriole; Hepatic and Cooper's Tanagir; Rock and Canon Wrens; Canon Towhee. Painted Redstart, Arizona Junco, Pygmy Nuthatch, Chestnut-backed Bluebird, White-necked Rav- ens and manv other varieties too numerous to mention here. Everything will be prepared in the finest order possible— nests with all sets not larger than Jays. Parties wishing to build up their collections send for my full list and cash priax. Specimens sent on approval where parties are kno^\-n to me or where good reference is furnished. O. W. HOWARD, Ft. Huachuca, Arizona. WANTED.— May number. 1888, Vol. XXII, American Naturalist. WILLIAM BREW- STER, Cambridge, Maes. 114 THE OOLOGIST. WANTED.— Sets of eggs containing abnor- mal specimens, such as runts, albinos, mon- strocities, abnormally colored or shaped eggs. Will give cash or good exchange. J. W^ARREN JACOBS, Waynesburg, Pa. 101 FOR SALE:— Fancy and common Geodes, ranging in price from 2.5c. to $5.00; halts from 10c to 50e. Special rates to colleges and mu- seums. H. K. McLELLAN, Hamilton, Han- cock Co., Illinois. 179 OOLOGISTS WANTED:— Will pay 50cts. each cash for one of each June 1888, and April 1889, and will give an exchange notice, or cou- pon good for one, for copies of the January 1895 and April 1899 issue, a notice for each copy. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, N. Y. WANTED:— Oologists and others to read "Frederick Young," the prettiest book of the year. A fine story with science and natural history intermixed. Tinted illustrations ; gold top. Price $1.50. Superlative as a gift. Order through vour book dealer. By Charies Lin- coln Phillips, an old contributor to this jour- nal. H. A. DICKERMAN & SON, Publishers, Boston . tf EXCHANGE.— Choice first class sets with full data Royal Tern, Am. Oystercatcher, Wil- let, Wilson's Plover, Brown Pelican, Clapper Rail, Laughing Gull,Forster's Tern BlackSkim- mer. Green Heron, Boat-tail Grackle, Painted Bunting.IndigoBun ting, Yellow-breasted Chat, etc. for A 1 sets with data and large singles. Sets also for sale very cheap. DR. M. T. CLECKLEY, Augusta, Ga. 180 FOR EXCHANGE —Model '99 Kent's bike in good condition. Will take bird skins or Indian relics to value of $10. Write first. Address BOX 817, Ames, la WILL EXCHANGE.— Western photos or plates and new books for eggs in sets. All let- ters answered. Address CHAS. S. MOODY, Oro Fino, Idaho. WANTED.— Good U. S. stamps. Offer in ex- change skins of 387, 412, 498, 761, 474. 759b, 587, 613, 614, 619, 521, 581, 461, 624 661, 671, 673. 467, 728, 735, 655. THEODORE B. PARKER, 36 Beau- mont Ave , Newton vllle, Mass. A FEW Sets each No. 123a, 49, 413, 588b. Several volumes Oologist and other bird journals; Gov. Pub. on Ornithology; Bar Lock Type Writer, cost $100 In good condition; Star Fish and Sea Urchins from Pacific Ocean. All for A 1 Skins and Original sets. A. G. PRILL, Scio, Oregon. WANTED. — A pair of young live of each of the following: Barn Owl, Long-eared Owl, Short-eared Owl For good strong specimens, large prices will be given. J. E. T., Box 98, Lancaster. Mass. FOR EXCHANGE.— Eggs of this state for sets of other states. Send list and receive mine. ED T. SCHENCK, Sprakers, N. Y. WANTED.— A cabinet for bird skins and back numbers of magazines. Can offer sets, skins, mounted birds, shells etc. or part cash, also have a Lady's Bicycle, 28 in., for sale at $18.00 cash. All answered. W. JENNINGS WIRT, Gaines, Orleans Co., N. Y. OOLOGISTS.— Have some fine sets to ex- change for same. Send your lists. Sets of hawks owls and water birds especially desired. RAY F. STEVENS, Shabbona, 111. A 1 SETS Manitoba collected eggs with full data, direct from the collector : Arctic Horned Owl 1-4, $1.50; W. H. Owl 1-2, 75c: Prarie Horn- ed Lark 1-4 1-3, 10c; Short-eared Owl 1-10 2-7 3-6 3-5 3 4, 40c; Redtails 1-S .5-3, well marked, 25c; Krider's Hawk 3 2 3-3, 35c ; Long-eared Owl 3-5 3-4, 10c; Marsh Hawk 1-6 5-5 2-4 10c; Gray Rufiled Grouse 1-9, 40c; Am. Crow 1-6 2 5 4-1 2c; Mallard 1-7 10c: Pintail 1-5 20c; Col. Sharp-tailed Grouse 1-10 1-12 1-13 1-17, 30c: Prarie Short-tailed 1-10 1-12 1-13, 30c Prarie Hen Ml 1-12 1-8, lOc; Mead- owlarkW3-4 2-5 1-6 5o;Killdeer 1-4 1-3, 10c; Sharp- shinned Hawk 1-5 1-6, $1.00; Purple Grackle 3-4 3-5 1-6, 2e; Rusty Blackbird 3-6 2-53-4,30; Mourn- ing Dove 3-2. 2c: Clay -colored Sparrow 3-b 4-4 2-3, nests, 10c; Yellow Warbler 3-4 3-3. 2c; Chest- nut collared Longspur 2-4 1-3, 20c; White- rumped Shrike 3-6 3-4, 3c; Flicker 1-5 2c; Rose- breasted Grosbeak 3-4 1-5, 5c; House Wren 2-6 2-5, 2c; Bewick's Wren 16. 10c; Long-billed Marsh Wren 3-6, 2c; Bartram's Sandpiper 3-4, 25c; Wilson's Pharalope 1-4, 50c; Loon 1-2, $1; Swainson Hawk 4-3 3 4, 25c; well marked Broadwinged Hawk 2-3. $1 ; Song Sparrow 3-4 2-5, 2c; Redwinged Blackbird 3 4, Ic; Osprey 1-3, 75c; well marked Whooping Crane 1-2, $2.00. List is incomplete as I am adding sets daily, but all listed are on hand. Prices per egg. CHRIS P. FORGE, Carman, Manitoba. FOR SALE.— Plumbeous Chickadee, sets of 5, 6 and 7; 15c per egg. Send for list of choice southern sets. Have Flying Squirrels for sale at $1.50 a pair; also Fox Squirrels, Coons, etc. E. F. POPE, Colmesnell, Tex. U. S. ARMY GOODS:— For Collecting, can- oeing, hunting and bicycle trips. Dog Tents, 3 pieces buttoning together, covers 5x7ft. ; weight about 51bs., $1.25. 4 pieces button to- gether, covering 7x10, 12.25. Rubber Ponchos, 45x72, slit for head, $1.50. Canvas Hammocks and Haversacks, each, 50c. ALBERT B. FARNHAM, 502 12th St., N. W Washington, D. C 179 WANTED.— Sets of N. Am. Birds Eggs. Can use any except 498, 187, 49, 385. The more desirable the sets you offer are, the better the offer I will make you for them. I can offer Trays for Eggs, Large Egg Calipers (best 12 in. sliding); Glass top Egg Cases, Rare Single Eggs, Emue Eggs, Collection of 300 var. good Postage Stamps in sets; Shells, a large assort- ment labelled ; Minerals, single specimens or collections; Fossils; Indian Arrowpoints; Spearheads and Knives, many localities; also an SVi in. Rough Stone Axe and a few Drills; a few Bird Skins and Corals. Write, sending list of what you can spare and giving me an idea of what you want and I will make the best offer I can. E. H. SHORT, Box 173, Rochester, N. Y. 179 EXCHANGE:— One Premo camera 4x5 with complete outfit to exchange for complete sets of eggs with full data. No others accepted. All letters answered. CHAS. S. MOODY, Oro Fino, Idaho. FOR SALE or EXCHANGE.— Two hundred fifty perfect arrow and spear points. FRANK RACKETT, Grand Rapids, Mich. Rural De- livery No. 1. GOOD EXCHANGE for nice sheets of Birch Bark and Modern Indian bows, arrows, pipes, buckskin, bead and basket work. ALBERT B. FARNHAM, 502 12th St., N. W., Washington, D. a THIS PAPER is printed at the Book and Magazine Publishing House of A. M. EDDY, Albion, N. Y. THE OOLOGIST. 115 Ornithological Pamphlets, Excerpts, 8z:c. FOR SALE FRANK H. LATTIN, ALBION, N. Y. Continued from L,ist Newberry, Birds of Sacramento Valley to Columbia River, (Pac. R. R. Survey VI) 38p, 2col, pi, 4to 1 25 Page, Feathered Pets, A. Treatise on the Food, Breeding and Care of Canaries, Parrots and Other Cage Birds, 141p, Ills 2.5 Palmer, T. S., Bird Day in Schools, 4p 10 Posson, Some (27) Birds of Unusual Occur- rence in Orleans Co.fN. Y. 4p 20 Rey, Die Eier der ;Vogel Mithleuropas, Part I. 84p, 5col, pi. of 18 full-size eggs, eagles, etc, 1900 75 , Do do. Part II, 16p, 5col, pi, of 40 full- size eggs, Hawks and Eagles 75 Ridgway, Catalogue of Old World Birds, 20p 05 , Directions for Collecting Birds, 28p 32 , Genus Sittasomus, 4p 15 , Nomenclature of N. A, Birds, badly soiled. Pencil notes by Davie, giving colors of iris of common species, etc 50 , Report of Dept. Birds U. S. National Museum 1884-'82, 9 years, 64p 50 , Do do '86-'92, 6 years, 40p 25 Rotzell, Birds of Narbeth, Penna. and Vicin- ity, 8p _ 30 Sharpe, British Birds, parti, 112p, llcol. pi, 40 Short, Birds of Western York, 14p, 1st ed, '93 35 , ditto, 21p, 2d ed. '96 10 Shufeldt, M. D., R. W., Scientific Taxidermy for Museums, 71 full-page plates , 57p, text.l 50 . Observations on the Classification of Birds, 16p, '98 20 . Osteology of LaniuS' ludovicianus ex- cubltorides, lOp, pi 20 , Forms Assumed by the Patella of Birds, 8p 20 , Osteology of the Eremophila alpes- trls, 30p. pi 25 , Osteology of the N. A. Tetraonidae, 44p, 8pl 60 , Osteology of the Speotyto cunicularia var. hypogea, 32p, 2pl 40 Smith, Birds of Warren Co. O., with notes and Supplementary List of Birds of Probable Occurrence, 30p. '01 35 Smithonian, List of Birds of Mexico, Cen- tral America and West Indies, 8p, '63 15 , Arrangement of Families of Birds, (66) 8p 10 Stearns, Notes on the Natural History of La. brador, 74p 60 Stegneger, Notes on Japanese Birds, 24p 35 Streets, Natural History of the Hawaiian and Fanning Island and Lower California, 172p, Wash., '72 1 00 TurnbuU, Birds of Eastern Pannsylvania and New Jersey, 50p, Phila, '69, very rare...! 00 Whitlock, The Migration of Birds, 140p, '97 95 Bailey & Fisher, Birds and Mammals through parts of Minnesota and Dakota and experi- ments in Poisoning Birds, 34p, (A. R. 87)...- 35 Of July OOL,OOISX. Baird, Directions for Collecting, Preserving and Transporting specimens of Natural His- tory, 18p, (S. R. .56) 25 Barnard, Birds of Chester County Pa , 5p, (S. R. '60) 25 Barrows & Beal, Food of Horned Lark and Cedarbird, 8p (A R., '93) 15 Beal, How Birds Affect the Orchard. 14p, 6 flg, (A R '00) ; 15 Beal, The Meadowlark and Baltimore Oriole, 12p. 2fig, (A R '95> 15 Blakiston & Bland, Birds of Nova Scotia and Bermuda, lOp (S R '58) 35 Collins, Habits and Capture of Sea Birds as Bait, 20p, (F. R '82) 25 Coues and Prentiss, Birds of District of Col- umbia, 24p, (S. R '61) 35 Dodge, Bird and Bird Laws, 14p,(A R. '64) 15 Elliot, The Game Birds of the United States, 30p, 4pl, (A. R. '64) 50 Fisher, Food of Hawks and Owls, statement of stomach contents of over 1000, 22p,(AR'87) 25 Fisher, Marsh Hawk. Common and Flammu- lated Screech Owls, 14p, 2 col pi, (A. R. '89) 35 Fisher, Sparrow Hawk and Short-eared Owl, also Barrows. Food of Crows and Rose-breast- ed Grosbeak and Potato bugs, 46p, (A.R.'88) 35 Gunn, Egging Expedition lo Shoal Lake, Manitoba in 1867, 6 p, (S. R. '67) .. 25 Holder, Birds of Illinois, lOp, 1860 35 Holder, Taxidermy, Directions for Collecting and Preserving Specimens in Ornithology, 8p, 5pl, 15 flg 25 Holmes, Birds Injurious to Agriculture, 50p, 30pl, (A. R. '56) 50 Judd, Four Common Birds of the Farm and Garden (Catbird, Mockingbird, Brown Thrash- er, Hous'i Wren), 14p, 4flg, (A. R. '95) 20 Judd, The Food of Nestling Birds, 26p, 5pl, 23flg, (A. R. '00) 35 Marsh, Birds with Teeth, 44p, 30flg, 4to, (G. S. Ill) 1 00 Merriam, Introduced Pheasants, etc., 12p (A- R. '88) - 20 Michener, Agricultural Ornithology— Land Birds of Chester Co., Pa.. 22p, (A. R. 63) 35 Newton, Preparation and Saving Parts of the Skeleton of Birds, 5p, 3 flg, (S. R. '60) 20 Ridgway et al. Biographical Memoir— Spenc- er F. Baird, 42p, (S. R. '88) 35 Ryder, Embryography of Osseous Fishes, 150p, 12pl, (F. R. '85) - 60 Samuels, Oology of New England Birds, 45p, (A. R. '64) 75 Samuels, Ornithology and Mammalogy of New England, 22p, (A. R. '63) 50 Shufeldt. Osteology of Cathartidse, 80p 12pl, 46 flg, (H. R. '78) 75 Smithsonian Instructions for Collecting Nests, Eggs and Insects, 4Sp, (S. R. '58) 35 Stevenson, Birds and Mammals of Wyoming 6p (H. R. '79) 25 Tristram. Field Study in Ornithology— Dis- tribution, Migration, Mimicry, Heredity, 22p, (S. R. '93) 35 Wurdemann, Flamingoes and Other Birds from South Florida, 5p, (S. R. '60) 35 116 THE OOLOGIST. Mounted Birds and Mammals. The following specimens are all strictly first class, freshly mounted specimens-regular price in ( ) My closing price is by mail, express or freight at purchaser's ^expense— will ship cheapest way. Special rates on large orders. Screech Owl (2.75) California Screech Owl (3.50) Great Horned Owl (6.00) Arctic Horned Owl full plumage (20.00)... American Hawk Owl (6.00) Road-runner (3.00) Horned Lark (1.76) American Magpie (2.50) Steller's Jay (2.50) Blue-fronted Jay (2.00) Bullock's Oriole (1.75) Evening Grosbeak (2.25) Pine Grosbeak (2.00) American Crossbill (1.75) Bohemian Waxwing (2.50) Black and White Warbler (1.25) Myrtle Warbler (1.50) Ring-necked Pheasant full plumage (8.00) Skunk ($10.00) Red Fox (15.00) Gray Squirrel (5.00) _ Gray Squirrel holding walnut Tufted Puffin (.5.50) Black Guillemot (5.25) Murre (5.00) Razor-billed Auk (mounted from a skin from Audubon's collection) American Herring Gull full plumage(4.50) American Merganser (5.00) American Elder (7.00) Spotted Sandpiper (2 00) Mexican Jacana (3.50) Bob-white (8..50) Texan Bob-white (2.50) Mountain Partridge (3.50) Scaled Partridge (2.75) Gambel's Partridge (3.00) Prairie Hen [3.50) American Barn Owl (5.00) American Long-eared Owl (3.C0) Short-eared Owl (3.50) Great Gray Owl (16.00) Saw-whet Owl (2.75) Lesser Scaup Duck 1 75 2 10 4 75 12 50 3 90 1 75 90 1 50 1 30 1 30 90 1 25 1 10 90 1 30 80 8n 5 60 i 4 05 9 10 2 40 3 30 3 35 2 70 2 70 6 75 2 70 2 70 4 30 1 10 2 10 1 45 1 45 2 10 1 65 2 10 2 20 3 90 2 10 2 30 9 30 2 10 2 70 BIRD SKINS. Mexican Jacana, pair ($3) $1 50 Prairie Hen ($1.25) 75 Red-tailed Hawk ($1.50) 1 00 American Crow (75c) 50 Snowflake (35c) 20 The above specimens are all Barsrains at my prices. If you can use $10 worth or more of the above send list of wants and let me make you a special quotation— you'll be sur- prised at my liberality. No special quotations after Aug 15th. FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion. N-Y. JAMES P. BABBITT, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird Skins, Eggs & Publications. Fine Imported Glass Eyes a Specialty. Illustrated Catalogue and large monthly bulle- tin of bargains in Birds Skins and Eggs free upon application. TAUNTON, MASS. "You might as well be out of the Bird 'World al- together as go without THE OSPREY." THE. OSPRRY, An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Popular Ornithology. Edited by Theodore Gill, in Co-op- eration witli Robert Ridgway. L. Stejneger, C. W. Richmond and Other EminentOrnithoIogists. The Osprey does not keep a poet, but it has an office cat who can catch more birds than all the poets put to- gether. If you don't believe this, read The Osprey. If you want to buy, sell or exchange specimens, advertise in The Osprey. If you want to keep in with other Bird Men, subscribe for The Osprey. If you want to write about Birds, you can do it in The Osprey, provided you know how to write. If you like a beautifully printed and pro- fusely illustrated magazine, all about Birds you must have The Osprey. Terms— One Dollar a Year. Published by THE OSPREV COMtrANY, 321-323 414 St., Washington, D. C. The Condor for 1901. This popular Californian, Illustrated maga- zine of ornithology begins its third volume with 1901, and its issues range from 24 to 32 pages in size. It controls the output of West- ern material, and prints the most interesting and valuable articles to be found in any "bird" journal. New features have been introduced for 1901, which will serve to make THE CON- DOR a leader l The March (1901) number is one of extreme interest, containing among other things a charming article on the nesting of the Golden Eagle by R. H. Beck, illustrated with three full page plates depicting nests in various rugged situations Mr. E. H. Skinner contributes a valuable and most interesting illustrated ar- ticle on the nesting habits of Giraud's Fly- catcher in its Mexican home, and other inter- esting papers are presented by Joseph Grin- nell, A. W. Anthony, R. D. Lusk and other well known contributors. A copy of this valuable number will be sent for 20 cents in stamps. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION, $1 ; VOL. II CAN ALSO BE SUPPLIED AT $1. The Cooper Ornithological Club also offers for sale its new 80-page publication on "The Birds of the Kotzebue Sound Region, Alaska," by that well-known writer, Joseph Grinnell. This will be sent on approval; price 75 cents, postpaid. Address all orders for sample copies, sub- scriptions or communications to C. BARLOW, Editor and Business Mgr., Santa Clara, Cal. The OoLOGiST, VOL. XVIII. NO. 8. ALBION. N. Y., AUGUST. 1901. Whole No. 179 The Oologist. A Monthly Publication Devoted to OOLOGY, ORNITHOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY. FRANK H. LATTIN, Editor and Publisher, ALBION, N. Y, Correspondence and Items of Interest to the student of Birds, their Nests and Eggs, solicited from all. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: Single subscription 50c per annum Sample copies 5c each The above rates Include paj'ment of postage. Each subscriber is given a card good for a Want, Exchange or For Sale Notice. (This card 18 redeemable at any time within one year from date thereon.) Subscriptions can begin with any number. Back numbers of the Oologist can be furnished at reasonable rates. Sena stamp for descrip- tions and prices. W~Remember that the publisher must be not! fled by letter when a subscriber wishes his paper stopped, and all arrearages must be paid. ADVERTISING RATES : 5 cents per nonpareil line each Insertion. 12 lines in every inch. Seven Inches in a col- umn, and two columns to the page. Nothing Inserted for less than 25 cents. No "special rates," 5 cents per line is ''net," "rock bottom," "inside," "spot cash" rate from which there is no deviation and no commission to agents. If you wish to use 5 lines or less space It will cost you 25 cents; lOO lines, $5.00; lOOO imes, $50.00. "Trade" (other than cash) advertise- ments will be accepted by special arrangement only and at rates from double to Ave times cash rates. Due Bills and Cards payable in advertis- ing wiU be honored only at regular rates in force at the date of issuance of said bill or cai-d. Remittances should be made by Draft, Express or Postoffice Money Order, Registered Letter or Postal Note. Unused U. S . Postage Stamps of any denomination wUl be accepted for sums un- der one dallar. Make Money Orders and Drafts payable and address all subscriptions and com- munications to FRANK H. LATTIN, Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y. ENTERED AT P. O., ALBION, N. Y. AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. The readers of the Oologist will be pleased to learn that Mr. Walton I. Mitchell, who has an almost insatiable mania for rara avis, was successful in the capture of the specimen of his or- nithological career on June 25th at Hagerstown, Maryland — Miss Blanche Crawford — "At Home 534 Summit Ave. St. Paul, Minn., after July fifteenth " The entire oological collection of Miss Jean Bell has been purchased by the Hon. John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y. This collection is undouttedly the finest in the world, composed ex- clusively of North American ppeeies. It is made up of over 30,000 eggs, some 10,000 perfect set?, coverinjj 850 species. Among other species it contains three sets of the California Vulture, fifteen of the Sand-hill Crane, six of the Everglade Kite, ninety of the Sharp- shinned Hawk, three of the Cory's Least Bittern, one Spotted Owl, two Whooping Crane, five Claike's Nut- cracker, eta., etc. A feature of the collection is the many nests of which there are about 400 rare and perfect specimens It is reported that Miss Bell spent over twenty-five thousand dollars in getting this magnificent collection to- gether. Under date of March 25th Mr. O. S. Biggs of San Jose, 111., writes: "A friend sent me a fine specimen of a male Passenger Pigeon which was kill- ed Mar. 12 near Oakford, Illinois. It is the first one I know of being killed here in 8 or 9 years. I have it mounted and in my collection." The following note from Wm. Cud- ney announcing the death of Mr. D. Priddy was omitted through error from the May Oologist: "I wish to announce to the readers of the Oologist the death of Mr. D. Prid- dy of Toronto, whose ad. has appeared in the Oologist from time to time. 118 THE OOLOGISl He died suddenly from heart trouble a few days since while at his work. Mr. Priddy was a collector of shells and took quite and interest in that branch of science." Bird Life of a Virg-inia Island. Cobb's Island, a narrow strip of land lying on the coast of Virginia in the Atlantic Ocean near the southeast end of the peninsula formed by Northamp- ton county, was in former years, a fav- orite collecting ground for ornitholo- gists and oologists. While of but a limited urea, some nine miles in length, and six miles wide 'at its greatest breath, its conditions as a breeding ground for seafowl were most favora- ble, and, each year, vast numbers of them nested along its stretches of s< marsh and beach. The ornithologist here found h bird-metropolis of a most interesting nature, presenting a popu- lation of thousands. During June-July, 1895, I spent three weeks on the island among its birds. The season was a favorable one, and all the specimens were nesting. From the time our boat slipped from the mainland shore and set sail for the island, birds were numerous. Com- mon and Forster's Terns, with their graceful airy flight, hovered around the boat, darting suddenly to the water sometimes, sending up splashes of spray and catching small fish that ven- tured too near the surface. Merry Laughing Gulls, in pairs, fly- ing low over the surface of the water, each bird of a pair keeping close to its mate, so that their wings nearly touch- ed, indicated that the species was breeding. Black Skimmers passed us now and then, and toward the horizon a long black line of Surf Scoters rested on the water, this species lingering even at so late a date. Gulled-billed and Black Terns, in small numbers, and a single Royal or Caspian Tern passed by the boat. We reached the island late in the af- ternoon, and stopped at the little hotel, (now washed away.) The following morning, equipped with hip boots, some old clothes and a spacious wicker basket (for eggs,) I started for the salt marshes of the western side. In order to reach these to advantage I hired a sail boat and a worthy sea-captain to manage it. An hour later we were among the great colonies of Laughing Gulls [Larus atricilla.) Thousands of these birds hovered over the marsh, their cries, in union, creating a terrific din when we neared the nests. The sky was nearly objcured by the vast number of circling birds. This was my first experience among sea fowl, and, what a revelation it was! All over the marsh the nests were scattered. They were built of marsh grass and other similar material, sometimes raised two feet above the ground, and most of them held sets of three eggs, while sets of four were found in several. Many of the eggs were merely laid upon the "wind- rows" of weed and grass. I could have gathered several baskotfuls of eggs, but took only a few of the handsomer sets. While looking over the the "wind-rows" 1 ran across a number of sets of Forster's Tern [Sterna Mr undo) laid upon the rows without any attempt at a nest, a mere depression having been made and the eggs laid in it. I also ran across sev- eral fairly well made nests of this spec- ies, of grasses, placed on top of the "wind-rows." As I went to examine a particularly well made Gull's nest, I nearly stepped on a Clapper Rail [Rall- us crepitans) that wa^f sitting on her nest of nine eggs. This was my first set of this species and I was naturally elated at my find. The Captain per- ceiving this, told me that I could gath- er a barrel of these eggs if I so desired, which statement proved true, and some twelve sets taken. The Clapper Rails themselves were not much in THE OOLOGIST. 119 evidence, we only getting an occas- sional glimpse of them as they skulked amor'gst the high marsh grass. The nests are built of marsh grass and placed a foot or so above the gi'ound in the big i grass. The grass surround- ing the nest is pulled down by the birds, so that the ends hang over nnd form a canopy above the nest. This habit facilitates locating the nests, for by scanning over the uiarsh and not- ing where the even aspect of the grass is interrupted by the ends being thus pulled, over, the collector may find many a nest that would otherwise be overlooked. In this same marsh we found sfveral nests of the Seaside Finch, and saw many birds of that species. The nests are difficult to find. They are usually placed among the gra«s tops, and the species has a pen- chant for selecting the grass bordering on the small sloughs. After seeing the wonders of this marsh, I returned to the hotel and worked all of the after- noon and most of the next day blowing the specimens. On the following day I started early to investigate the bird-life of the btach, and especially to visit the large colonies of Black Skimmers at the northeastern end. This time there was no need of a boat, but the Captain's services were again secured, and he appeared on time, driving the only horse on the island hitched to a delapidated two- wheeled cart. As we proceeded along the beach, about the first birds to at- tract my attention were a pair of Wil- son Plovers. They were acting as if their nest was near, and a careful search re- vealed a cute little juvenile, covered with down and faintly speckled, crouching among the pebbles of the beach. The mimicry was perfect, and it was by mere accident 1 noticed him. Several American Oystercatchers were noticed on the beach and I found a nest, or rather a depression in the beach, with three eggs. One egg was 'tpipped," and so I did not disturb the set. Another pair evidently had a nest near by, but a careful search failed to reveal it. Toward the northeastern end Com- mon Terns [Sterna hiruiido) were very numerous, being in hundreds and their nests were scattered all over the beach, the eggs being laid in mere depressions among the pebbles, and the eggs con- stituted the average set. At the extreme northern end, on the eastern side, we found the Black Skim- mer colonies. Hundreds upon hun- dreds of Skimmers were congregated and nesting. As we neared the nests, the birds set up an awful uproar, their "harking" notes together with the screeching of the Terns making an odd combination of discord. When we reached the nesting ground, a great line of Skimmers began to fly around and around in single file, turning toward the ocean, then curving toward the land a/ain, and approaching us directly, but only to curve aside at the distance of some fifty or sixtty yards, all the time uttering their peculiar "Ohe hark" ' Ohe bark" 'Ohe bark." Their oddly shaped red-orange colored mandibles v'c^inted downwa'dly, and the pure white of their underpart plum- age contrasted strikingly with the black of their upper parts. Now and then a skimmer would fly at us, coming so close sometimes as to make us dodge but they always curved aside when within three or four feet. On the sand dunes and on the sandy beach were hundreds of their eggs, re markable for their beauty, their ground color being averagely of a bluish white, though sometiues a very clear white. The markings are profuse and of um- ber, lavender and black. Four eggs constituted the full set, though sets of three e^gs were common. The eggs were laid in rather deep depressions of the sand, and on a single sand dune I found as many as seven sets. Owing 120 THE OOLOGIST. to the exposure the incubation is large- ly accomplished by the sun's rays, and the birds do not constantly sit upon the eggs. In the same locality with the Skimmers, we found a number of Gull- billed Terns nesting, their eggs laid in depressions in the sand and averag- ing four to a set, though several of three were found. Formerly the Royal Tern nested in great colonies at this part of the island, but not a bird of this species was no- ticed. Mr. Robert Ridgway found the Royal Tern in great abundance on the beach when he visited the locality many years previous (See Davies' Nests and Eggs) and records that its eggs were so thick on the besch, that it was with difficulty that he walked without stepping on them. The Caspian Tern also formerly bred abundantly on the island, but wa did not notice its eggs on our visit. Thonsamls of Least Terns {Sterna fm