FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY A.M.N.H. 1921 The Oologist FOR THE STUDENT OF BIRDS THEIR NESTS AND EGGS VOLUME XXXVI ALBION, N. Y. AND LACON, ILL. R. MAGOON BARNES, Publisher 1919 ILLUSTRATIONS Birds Geese, Cackling 174 Blue and Lesser Snow 149, 208 Hawk, Swainson 17 Keiwi 3 Owl, American Hawk 59, 60, 63 Swan, Trumpeter 221 Whip-poor-will 215 Eggs and Nest of Birds Cliff Swallow 7 Goose, Blue 131, 135, 139 Cackling 176 Lesser Snow 207 Grouse, Spruce 118, 119 Hawk, Red-tailed 9 Hummingbird, Ruby-throated 47 Plover, Piping 219 Raven 99, 104 Robin and Dove 100 Sparrow, Bachman's 223 Willet, Western 46 IVIiscellaneous Drawer of Moths 47 Making of Buckskin 170 Nesting Cliff Peregrine 173 Neptune Bay 22 Fishing 74, 75, 77,91 Rock Slide in B. C 153 Sunset of Lake Okanagan 198 Skinning a Bear 152 Terrace Mountain 197 oPrtraits Blain, Merrill W 96 Harlow, R. C 108 Healy, L. E 91 CONTRIBUTORS Alexander, E. Jordon, 183, Birds Observed at Lexington, Mo. Atkinson, C. W. 82, Unspotted Eggs of the Red- throated Hawk. Bailey, H. H. 2, How I Lost That Set of Four Bald Eagles. Baker, W. H. H. 117, Black Snake. Bales, B. R. 154, The New Catalog; 168, The New Egg Price List; 216 Among the Birds of the Virginia Coast. Barlow, G. R. 222, Eastern Connecticut Notes. Barnes, R. M. 8, The Future; 10, Robert D. Hoyt; 11, That aMres Nest; 11, A Rare Capture, A Swan; 19, Permits; 27, Where It Will End; 33, Congratu- lation P. M.; 34, The New Cata- log; 37, Spring; 50, Newspaper Ornithology; 68, 339a-5-1919; 87, Review, Journal of Museum of Oology; 96, In Memoriam, M. W. Blain; 122, Turkey Vulture Eggs; 126, In Memoriam, D. I. Shephard- son; 126, Review, Oologist Ex- change and Mart; 130 First Nest of the Blue Goose in Captivity; 134, Mrs. Delos Hatch; 154, The New Catalog; 165, Review of the Life of Spencer F. Baird; Review of Cassinia; Review of California Fish and Game; 168, First Record of the Cackling Goose eNsting in Confinement; 168, The New Egg Price List; 177, Review of Life History of North America Diving Birds. Bowels, J. H. 45, Notes on Certain Birds of Prey; 82, Food of the Marsh Hawk; 168, Albino Eggs of the Long Tailed Chat. Hrannon, Peter 203, Screech Owls. Burleigh, Thos. J. THE OOLOGIST 161, Oology Under IMfficulties. Burnham, Stewart 136, My Chickadee Guests. Burtch, Verti 93, To the Smithsonian Institute; 93, Food of the Marsli Hawk. Burton, Walter 36, To Take Inaccessible Nests. Carryl, F. M. 117 Sparrow Hawk. Danforth, S. T. 69, 191S New Hampshire Notes. Dickey, S. S. 6, Sandpipers; 18, Unusual Nesting Site of the Rough Winged Swal- low; 33, A Mountain Mome of the Parula Warbler; 43, In the Haunts of the Duck Hawk; 45, Days with the Ruby-Throated Hummer; 67, Early Nesting of Some Common Birds; 101, English Sparrow Nest- ing with a Hawk. Daniles, J. W. Jr. 140, Oological and Ornithological Camp Fire; 169, An Island Idyll; 185, In the Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia. Donahue, R. J. 94, Some British Birds; 102, Jotti-' ngs of 1919; 200, Notes from Ks; 201, An Autumn Jaunt; 201, Con- cerning Chimney Swifts. Evans, L. I. 14, "Bill," a Swainson Hawk. Farquhar, Arthur 85, Late Departure of the Bank Swal- low; 101, Late Departure of the Barn Swallow. Ford, F. E. 54, Blue Grosbeak in eGorgia. Gainer, A. F. 202, A Snake Story. Goelitz, W. A. 101 Dove Mimicking Cowbird. Griffee, Bill 148, From Kansas. Graham, Ramon 8, Indian Arrow Heads; 31, Birds and Animal Life in Texas; 69, Fall Migration; 88, Ducks Are Scatce This Year; 89, Notes from Camp Graham; 90, Egg Hunters in France; 97, Bird Notes from Lake Worth, Texas; 127, Plumbeous Chickadee; 133, My First Find of the Blue Grosbeak; 148, Hawks and Oppossums; 187, Warren Co., Texas, Breeding Birds; 188, Two Notes on Vireos; 188, Boat-tailed Grackle and Mourning in the Same Nest; 196, Birds Observed from a Train in Texts; 202, The Curiosity of Wood Ducks; 203, Texas Bird Notes; 206, Humming Bird Joke. Greenwood, O. M. 123, Iowa Notes. Greer, T. R.t 157, Song of the Mocking Bird. Hoffman, M. J. Albino, Bob-white; 160, Eggs of the Long-tailed Chat. Hasenyager, C. B. 32, Owls and Robins in Kansas. Hatch, Delos 8, Someone Should the Boy. Henderson, A. D. 59, Nesting of the American Hawk Owl. Howes, P. G. 12, Birds and Wasps; 163, Notes on the Bob White. Healey, L. E. 20, 38, 56, 74, 92, Around Red Lake by Launch; 54, Ruby Crowned Kinglet; 150, Fifty Miles by Canoe. Henderson, J. 67, The Arkansas Kingbird. Howsley, L. R, 79, Oregon Birds. Jackson, T. H. 6, J. J. Ryman; 10, Robert D. Hoyt. Johnson, H. H. 29, Winter Birds from the North; 29, The Downey Woodpecker; 53, The Bartramian Sandpiper; 80, The Evening Grosbeak; 159, After Twenty-five Years; 178, The American Bittern; 194, The Ruffed Grouse. Leudon, C. R. M. 53, A Soldiers Birds. Lunsford, I. I. 117 Coopers Hawk. Mann, J. R. 226, Rare Cowbirds Eggs. Martin, LeLoach 68, The Yellow Billed Cuckoo; 44, Broad Winged Hawk. Miller, L. 181, The Ruffed Grouse. Miller, L. D. 72, Bronze Grackle Nest. Miller, R. F. 72, Set of Six Phoebe Eggs; 82, Nidification of the Yellow Billed. Moffat, E. E. 36, Summer Tanager Nests. Munro, J. N. 103, 110, Collecting in British Co- lumbia; 134, Okanagan Landing, B. C, Goldfinches. THE OOLOGIST Neff, J. 120, A Days Outing in South West Mo. Overington, R. B. 2, The Kaiwa'; 148, From Egypt. Over, W. H. 136, Doves Using An Old Robin's Nest. Peabody, P. B. 25, Amenities of Nomenclature; 90, Millimeters Races; 102, Disease and ird Life. Perry, Elton 82, Concerning the lack Throated Bunting. Plank, Wm. 18, Cowbird Information. Purdy, J. B. 126, Adolph B. Covert Reeves, G. G. 84, The Ruby Throated Humming bird; 84, Nesting Birdss. Reincke, Ottomar 73, The Emu. Rice, Helen 72, Spring Migration; 124, Birds Seen at Oberlin, Ohio. Sells, R. A, 97, Black Bird in Texas. Sharp, C. S. 39, Dick Ha-wk Notes. Shufeldt, R. W. 85, An Interesting Ornithological Enterprise. Skinner, K. L. 5, The Eggs of the Finch Family; 85, The I. O. U. Still, D. H. 191, Observations in Santa Rita Mts., Ariz. Stone, W. Litmer 11, That aMres Nest. Stoner, E. A. ■80, Cow Bird Study in Iowa; 32, Early Blue Jays Nest. Strode, W. S. 122, An Illinois Turkey Vulture. Silloway, P. M. 13, Some Nesting Birdss of the Pali- sades Park; No. 1; 145, No. 2; 212; No. 3. Strong, W. A. 51, Large Sets; 69, Whole Flock of Birds Register at Palace Hotel; 87, Game Decreasing in Alaska; 89, Bird Tongues; 90, Western Red-tailed Hawks' Eggs; 128, Power of the Bald Eagle; 190, Curious Eggs; 182, Audubon's Travells; 206, Cats; 206, Bird Day; 210, Bird Houses; 224, Birds Used as Lamps; 224, Habits of the Red Tailed Hawk; 225, Chas- ing Birds in Aeroplanes; 225, Audubon's Loss. Temple, A. 66, Evening Grosbeak; 143, An Out- ing. Thompson, J. W. 103, An Unusual Raven's Nest. Tufts, R. W. 143, Nesting of the Canada Spruce Grouse. Vandercook, C. B. 79, A Rare Sight, Vultures; 133, Bags Trumpeter Swan. Vos Burgh, G. W. 33, Wiscinsin Notes, 1918; 50, Odds and Ends; 122, Wisconsin Bird Notes; 158, Reville; 189, Nesting of the Black Billed Cuckoo; 216, The 2% Failures; 222, An Ad- ditional List; 226, Nesting Sites. Wilmot, N. E. 67, Red-headed Woodpecker, Nesting in West Haven, Conn. Wheeler, H. E. 220, Bachman's Sparrow in Arkan- sas. Wheeler, M. 67, Game Law Making Good. Wheeler, N. B. 65, Western N. Y. Nesting Dates. INDRX Birds Albatross, Wandering 25 Bittern, American.... 23, 65, 122, 125, 158, 159, 160 Least 65, 125, 155, 216 Bobolink .... 51, 52, 66, 125, 180, 190 Bob White 31, 32, 50, 51, 76, 121 124, 163, 183, 188, 190 Florida 51 Texas 196 Black Bird 98 Bicolored 52 Brewers ... 78, 112, 113, 115, 183 Red Winged.... 66, 70, 71, 72, 98 103, 121, 123, 124 155, 187, 190, 214 North Western Red Winged. . . . 112, 113, 115 Rusty 124 Yellow Headed 38 Black Skimmer 218, 220 Bluebird 50, 52, 66, 67. 71, 72, 89 121, 124, 140, 157 184, 188, 191, 226 Mountain 79 Western 52, 115 Brant 183 Bunting, Black-throated 82 Indigo 66, 102, 121, 125 156, 184, 214 Painted 181, 196 Buzzard 40 Catbird 15, 52, 66, 70,71, 121 122, 125, 143, 145 156, 158, 184, 187 Cardinal 66, 67, 72, 81, 89, 121 123, 124, 156, 181, 184 186, 187, 191, 222 Chat, Yellow-breasted 61, 121, 125 146, 156, 184, 187 Longtailed 168 Chickadee 89, 90, 121, 124, 136 157, 184, 187, 222 Black-capped 103, 157 Columbian 105 Long-tailed 184 Mountain 79, 113 Oregon 79 Plumbeous 90, 127, 188 Chuck-Will's-Widow 10 Coot 26, 30, 51, 65, 69, 89 110, 116, 125, 128, 183 Cow Bird 18, 70, 80, 81, 97, 121, 124, 155, 183, 187, Crane Sandhill's 110, 115, Little Brown Creeper, Brown 124, Crow 70, 71, 72, 889, 106, 124, 143, 148, 155, 187, 190, 201, American 50, 51 Fish 66, 155, Pink Eggs Western Ill, 113, Cross-bill Cuckoo, Black-billed... 50, 51, 66, 155, 183, Yellow-billed 51, 66, 68 121, 125, 155, 183, 187, Dickcissel .. 66, 97, 121, 184, 187, Dipper, American Dove, Mourning 8, 34, 49, 50 67, 72, 78, 101, 121, 122, 124, 155, 158, 183, 187, 188, 190, 191, Quail White-winged Duck, Am. Merganser.. . .111, 116, Black 159, Baldpate 46, Barrow, Golden Eye. 88, 115, Buffle-head Gadwell Mallard 32, 65, 66, 78, 115, 116, 125, Pintail Scaup Lesser Scaup Scoter Teal, Blue Winged 159, Green-winged Teal 115, Tree Eagle, Bald... 2, 46, 51, 78, 128, Golden Egret Finch, House 52, 79, Purple 66, 124, Falcon, Prairie (See Ha^wks) Flicker, (See Woodpeckers) Flycatcher, Acadian 66, 125, Alder 66, 11, Crested . . 50, 66, 70, 97, 121, 155, 183, 187, 190, 209, Green Crested 66, 120 190 89 183 183 184 121 183 226 , 66 169 226 115 6 125 189 , 82 190 196 '/9 , 65 136 196 199 191 183 160 111 116 124 51 ill 159 159 124 125 159 183 159 79 225 42 69 180 183 155 125 125 218 187 THE OOLOGIST Hammond's 113, 114, 115 Least ...66, 78, 125, 147, 183, 190 Olive-sided 113, 114, 115 Scissor-tailed ... 66, 97, 187, 196 Trails 66 Western 191, U09 Gallinule, Florida 51, 65, 155, 125 Geese, Blue 125, 139, 131, 135 Canada 33, 72, 110 Cackling 167, 174, 176 Lesser Snow 132, 150, 193 207, 208 Snow 13:) Goldfinch 66, 70, 71, 90, 121, 124 157, 183, 190 Goshawk, Western (See Hawks) Gnatcatcher, Bluegray 97, 125 184, ISS Grackle, Boat-tailed 187, 188 Bronze 66, 72, 97, 121, 124 156, 158, 224 Boat-tailed 187, 188 Great-tailed 98 Purple 50, 66, 70, 71, 156 159, 180, 1S7 Grosbeak, Blue 18, 52, 54, G6 121, 133, 187 Black-headed 79 Cardinal 120 Evening 29, 66, SI Pine 6. 29 Rose-breasted 66, 125, 156 184, 224 Western 46 Grebe, Am. Eared 65 Holboell's 115 Pied-billed 51, 65, 78, 12? 15^, 160. 203 Western 78 Grouse, Canada Spruce.. .. 118 Franklin's 26, 113 Richardson's 113 Ruffed 65, 69, .155, ISl, IfM Spruce 26, 118 Gull, Franklin 102, 179 Herring 38, 65 Laughing ..169, 171, 173, 217, 218 Hawks, Ring-billed 183 Broad-winged ... 44, 125, 150, 155 Cooper's 44, 45, 65, 117, 121 123, 125, 155, 183 Desert Sparrow. . .78, 79, 107, 113, 115 Duck 39, 42, 43, 44, 79 111, 141 Goshawk, Western 46, 78 Harris 188 Marsh .... 45, 51, 65, 78, 82, 110 121, 124, 159, 183, 224 Kreider 3, 36, 188 Pigeon 50, 106, 125 Prairie Falcon 141 Red-bellied 51 Red-shouldered 51, 68, 81, 82 124, 155, 180, 188 Red-tailed 9, 16, 42, 45, 65 71, 72, 78, 84, 89, 121 123, 124, 183, 188, 224 Sharp-shinned ... 45, 79, 125, 155 191, 196 Sparrow 8, 36, 42, 51, 65, 113, 115, 117, 120, 124 157, 183, 188, 190, 196 Swainson 16, 17, 78 Western Red-tailed.. 90, 113, 115 Hen, Prairie 78, 216 Sage 26, 67 Heron, Black Crowned Night... 34, 65 88, 121, 155, 190 Great Blue 50, 51, 65, 79, 88 121, 124, 151, 159, 160, 183, 203 Green 50, 65, 125, 155 183, 188, 190 Little Blue 10, 65, 121 Snowy 10 Hummingbird 78, 79 Calliope 113, 114, 115 Ruby-throated 46, 48, 66 84, 121, 125, 143, 155, 183, 206 Rufous 114, 115 Jay, Arizona 32, 191 Blue 8, 32, 49, 50, 66, 121 123, 124, 143, 155, 187 190, 201, 203, 226 Black-headed 107, 111 Rocky Mt 78, 105 Green 31, 151 Long-crested 191 Santa Cruz 141 Stellers 107 Junco, Oregon 78 Slate-colored 124, 156, 184 Shufeldt 107, 112, 113 Killdeer (See Plovers) King-bird 30, 66, 70, 71, 78, 115 125, 155, 159, 183, 187, 190, 222 Arkansas 25, 51, 67, 78 Cassin 191 Kingfisher, Belted 32, 50, 66, 78 89, 97, 115, 120, 123, 124, 151 155, 183, 187, 190, 216 Texas 32 Kinglet, Golden-crowned... 52, 54, 79 106, 113, 184 Ruby-crowned 52, 54, 79, 106 113, 184 Knot 218 Lark, Horned 26, 78 Prairie 51, 78, 124, 155 180, 181, 183 Meadow ... 31, 50, 66, 70, 71, 113 121, 124, 156, 180, 183 187, 190, 196, 224 Western Meadow 78, 107, 113 115, 180, 224 8 THEOOLOGIST Leucosticte 6 Hepburn's 107 Long Spur, Chestnut-colored 183 Loon 97, 116 Nut-hatch 140 White-breasted 50, 72, 121 124, 157, 184, 191, 216 Red-breasted 69, 72, 113 124, 184 Pigmy 105 Magpie, American 78 Martin, Purple 50, 71, 121, 122 124, 157, 184, 190 Mocking Bird 18, 52, 70, 121, 157 184, 187, 196 Nutcracker, Clark's 78, 114, 115 Night Hawk.... 121, 123, 125, 180, 183 187, 190, 201, 222 Florida 180 Western Night 191 Over Bird 13, 14, 66, 125, 143 156, 184, 191, 224 Osprey, American 66, 78, 84, 106 155, 169, 203, 216 Oriole, Baltimore 50, 66, 71, 122 125, 143, 155, 156, 158, 183, 190 Partridge, Albino 76 California 51 Valley 51 Manitou 78 Pelican, White 183, 203 Petrel, Stormy 94 Pewee, Wood 66, 125, 183 190, 224, 226 Western Wood 78 Phalnopepla 181 Pheasant, Ring-necked 106 Phoebe 18, 40, 66, 67, 71, 72, 103 120, 124, 143, 155, 183 187, 191, 201, 222, 226 Black 60, 72 Western 78 Pipit 106, 125 Prairie Chicken 26, 78 Killdeer 32, 65, 72, 123, 124 155, 188, 190, 204, 215, 220, 222 Piping 121 Semi Palmated 183 Upland 190 Wilson 169, 177, 218 Quail, (See Partridge) Rail, Carolina 160 Clapper 155, 171, 173 King 65, 125 Virginia 38, 65, 155 Sora 38, 65, 115, 125, 155 Raven, American 155 Wliite-necked 51 Northern 155 Red Start 12, 15, 52, 66, 125 184, 191, 212 Red Poll 29 Robin 15, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 50 52, 67, 70, 71, 72, 84, 88, 101, 121 122, 123, 124, 136, 142, 146 157, 158, 181, 184, 191, 226 Albino 142 Eastern 26 Southern 26 Western 26, 79, 113, 115 Roadrunner 31, 32, 187 Sandpiper, Least 151, 159, 169 183, 190 Bartranian 63, 64, 190 Pectoral 69, 183 Solitary ... 6, 125, 159, 183, 190 Spotted 50, 65, 113, 115 123, 159, 183, 190 Semi Palmated.. 125, 183, 159, 190 Spoon-bill 10 Shrike, California 78 Logger-head 52, 66, 121 Migrant 184 Northern 98, 124, 184 White-rumped 66, 196 Shear Water, Black-tailed 25 Cory's 25 Pink-footed 25 Wedge-tailed 25 Snipe, Wilson's 124, 159, 183 Sapsucker, Red-napped.. .113, 114, 115 Yellow-billed 72, 124, 183 Skimmer, Black 218, 220 Siskin, Pine 25 Snow Birds 29 Sparrow, Bachman's 220 Cassin's 187 Clay Colored 66, 184 Chipping 6, 70, 71, 78, 11 121, 124, 145, 156, 184, 190 English 23, 49, 52, 101, 122 148, 156, 158, 180, 184, 187, 222 Field 66, 70, 71, 121, 124 143, 156, 184, 187, 190 Fox 106, 124, 184 Gambel 78, 106 Grasshopper 125, 156, 184 187, 190, 196 Harris 184 Lark 121, 184, 187, 191, 196 Lincoln 184 Sea-side 156, 173 Song 66, 70, 72, 78, 111, 124 140, 156, 158, 181, 184, 190, 224 ga^gQ 79 Sooty," Song 112, 113, 115 Savana 66 Western Savana 84 Swamp 66, 124, 156, 190 Rusty Song 79 Tree 6, 82, 115, 156, 159 Vesper 66, 70, 71, 110, 115 124, 156, 183, 190 Western Vesper.. 78, 79, 107, 115 THE OOLOGIST 0 Western Chipping 113, 115 Western Lark 112, 113 White-throated 69, 102, 121 184, 190 White-crowned 125, 184 Violet-green 112, 148 Starling 155, 190 Swallow 69, 121 Bank ... 66, 71, 82, 115, 125, 200 Barn 27, 66, 70, 71, 79, 82 101, 115, 121, 156, 169 184, 190, 203, 222, 226 Cliff ... 7, 66, 68, 69, 71, 79, 115 125, 156, 184, 226 Tree 124, 156, 160, 184 Swifts. Chimney 66, 70, 71, 121 155, 183, 190, 201 White-throated 40 Vaux 112 Sage Hen 26 Swan, Trumpeter 52, 94, 133, 221 Sanderling 169 Solitaire, Townsend.112, 113, 114, 115 Tanager, Scarlet 66, 80, 103, 125 156, 184, 190 Summer 38, 94, 184, 187 Western 113, 114, 115 Teal (See Ducks) Tern 69, 97, 125, 169, 171 180, 183, 211, 217 Tern, ridled 25 lack 27, 51, 125, 180, 183 Caspian 175 Gull-billed 171, 219 Marsh 175 Foster's 173, 217 Least 220 Royal 175 Thrasher, rown 15, 49, 52, 66, 70 8., 102, 125, 145, 156, 184, 191, 224 Sage 79, 105 Sennet 5 Thrush, Hermit 124, 184 Gray-cheeked 125, 184 Olive-backed 112, 113, 115 125, 184 Willow 115 Wilson's 11, 125 Titmouse, Tufted.... 90, 121, 124, 184 187, 188 Towhee, Oregon 79 Spurred 112 Turkey, Wild Rid Grande. 31, 32, 132 Turn Stone 218 Veery 71, 125 Vireo 186 ell's 81, 97, 187, 188 lue-headed 125, 184, 190 Philadelphia 125 Red Eyed 15, 66, 121, 125, 143 146, 156, 158, 184, 214 Solitary 66 Warbling 66, 115, 125, 156 184, 190 Western Warbling 112, 115 White-eyed 15, 66, 121, 125 141, 143, 158, 184, 214 Yellow-throated 125, 184, 190 Vulture, Black 89, 121, 188, 196 California' 142 Turkey .... 32, 79, 89, 90, 97, 102 121, 124, 183, 188, 190, 196 Warblers, Audubon 106, 113 Bay-breasted 125, 191 Blackburnian ... 43, 125, 156, 191 Black and White 43, 125 156, 184 Black Poll 125, 184, 191 Black-throated Green.. 43, 69, 125 Black-throated, Blue 125, 156 191, 214, 224 Blue-winged .... 12, 125, 156, 187 Calaveras 113 Canada 27, 125, 191 Cape-May 125 Cerulean 125 Connecticut 125 Chestnut-sided 12, 14, 66, 69 125, 146, 147, 181, 191 Golden-cheeked 181 Green-winged 125, 147, 156 Hooded 14, 66, 70, 121 , 125, 156, 186 Kirtland 181 Kentucky 156, 184 Lawrence 184 Magnolia 125, 156, 191 Maryland Yellow-throat 121 Mourning 156, 184 Myrtle 125, 184 Nashville 125 Palm 125, 181 Yellow Palm 181 Parula 31, 33, 53, 53, 71 125, 186, 190 Northern Parula 191 Prairie 125 Prothonothary .. 26, 184, 185, 186 Tennessee 125, 184, 190, 191 Yellow .... 50, 66, 79, 81, 121,125 156, 184, 186, 190, 191 Alaskan Yellow 115 Warblers, Wilson's 125, 184, 191 Worm Eating 191 Water Thrush 125, 184, 222 Louisiana 120,121,125,184 Wax-wing, Cedar 31, 66, 89, 124 Willet 46, 173, 177, 218, 129 Woodcock 27, 88, 125, 155 Whip-poor-will 71, 72, 78, 97, 125 183, 212, 225, 224, 225 Wood-pecker, Ant-eating 191 Downey 29, 31, 32, 50, 66, 72 121, 124, 155, 183, 187, 190, 19§ 10 THE OOLOGIST ^ ^ 183, 190, 224 Ivory-billed ic-VoVllS Lewis 18, 105, lid Pileated H Northern Pileated • • ^ J Red-bellied 21, 24, 183 Red-headed .... 50, 66, 67, 68 70 97 101, 102, 103, 120, 121, 125 158, 183, 187, 190, 220, 222 Red-naped 1^^ Rocky Mountain, Hairy........ 113, 114, 115 Three-toed 1^^ (See Sapsucker) Wren 19- 1^6, 191 Carolina .... 67, 84, 112, 156, 187 Catiyon jj^ Dotted Canyon -^"^ linterior, ^--^-^^^; ^.y,,,; ^ ^°"'^ 125, 157, 158 Long-billed Marsh.. 15, 38, 52, 66 121, 157, 180, 181, 184 70 Parkman qVlRR Texas ^l]' ]l° Winter 124,184 Western House jo* Western Tule ij^ Rock ^iZ Yellow Legs • • • • • ' V 1 cq Greater HO, 125, 159 Lesser VrcV 1 81 Yellow-throat, Northern ....156, 181 Marvland 12, 70, 71, l-^l ^^ ^ 125, 184, 191, 213, 214, 218 Pacific ^^^ Foreign Birds Bunting Japanese 5 Bullfinch ll Crake, Corn »» Crane, Sandhill Ill Chimney Swallow lo^ Curlew II Dove, Quail ^^^ Eagle, Golden YA Egret 1*° Emu • '^ Finch ^' ^ Bull ?| Flycatcher, Gray Tody Ij Grosbeak 5b Gulls, Black-headed »* Herring ^^ Guillemot ^* Heron, Black l^° House Martin i*^^ Kaiwi '^' ° Kittewake ^^ Moorhen ^^ Nightjar ij^ Nigiht Hawk J^ Osprey ^ll Pheasant I'i Rook ....^ ^5 Sparrow, House ^^ Skylark J^ Tit, Long-tailed ^2 Blue f Crested ^^ Woodpecker ^J Green ^^^ The Oologist. BIRDS-NESTS-EGGS TAXIDRRMY Vol. XXXVI. No. 1. ALBION, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1919. Whole No. 378 Black Skimmers, baying like a pack of hounds; the flock wheel about you and skim along the surface in perfect unison — Photo by Stanley Clisby Arthur. 11 THE OOLOGIST BRIEF SPEiCIAL. ANIVOUNCEMEIVTS Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 26 eents for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent. No notice In- -;pile co^ o - CO C O) >. o) re (/) u. J£ O 5 „- re <" 10 THB OOLOGIST ROBERT D. HOYT The readers of The Oologist will hear with regret of the death of Rob- ert D. Hoyt at his home "Twin Oaks." near Clearwater, Florida. Last February he had a stroke of paralysis from which he rallied and was better, but a recurrence of tne disease November 23d last. Mr. Hoyt was an ardent lover of nature, and his long residence in the state and his familiarity with its birds, animals and plants, made him an authority on Florida fauna. His frequent trips to the south end of the state, as well as to the Everglades, brought to his fine museum many rare birds and their eggs, notably amongst others are fine sets of the Kites Everglade and Swal- lowtail. It was the writer's pleasure to visit Mr. Hoyt in the month of May 1910. I well recollect my impression on seeing his home for the first time. Seven stately Live Oaks, covered with great masses of Spanish moss, hanging in festoons of ten to fifteen feet in length and almost touching the ground, formed the setting in which his home was built while the lawn was planted with many rare exotics. I know his fondness for plant life had an equal place with that for the birds. Rare palms, large clumps of Bam- boo, Cactus and other semi-tropical forms ornamented the grounds, while nearby a beautiful Citrus grove con- taining many varieties of oranges and grapefruit trees all in the highest state of care and cultivation, and most attractive surroundings. Shortly after my arrival Mr. Hoyt took me into the pine woods nearby, saying a pair of Chuck-wills-widows had nested in that locality. After a short search I was fortunate enough to find the female sitting on two handsome eggs, under a tree with low hanging branches. She was very loth to leave her nest and I got two snap shots with the camera, and she allowed us to almost touch her. Near- by we found a colony of Herons nest- ing, having both young and eggs. I only recollect two species, the Louisi- ana and Little Blue, but in another swamp nearby the Snowy Heron had recently nested in considerable num- bers. Near the Hoyt home an arm of Tampa Bay runs back quite a dis- tance. It is thickly dotted with little islands covered with mangrove bushes. These are favorite nesting places for the Gray Kingbird, and Mr. Hoyt showed me a number of their nests, some having eggs. They were about 8 or 10 feet from the ground, or rather over the water where they seem to prefer to build. As we were leaving we saw a flock of six Rosette Spoonbills sitting on a dead tree. A beautiful sight. They were young birds, probably hatched far south. Mr. Hoyt was one of the few orni- thologists that had found the nest and eggs of the Ivory billed Woodpecker, now one of the rarest birds on our list. Mr. Hoyt is survived by a widow, two daughters and two sons, the lat- ter two being in the U. S. Service in the Aviation branch. Thomas H. Jackson. It is with genuine sorrow that we read the above from friend Jackson. For many years we had the pleasure and profit of knowing R. D. Hoyt by correspondence. And no one could know him in any way without profit- ing thereby. His letters were the givings of a true naturalist. Clear concise, accurate, and thoughtful; a pleasure to peruse as they teamed with real information, fresh from the THE OOLOGIST 11 wilds. Mr. Hoyt gathered a large collection of rare Oological specimens, which he donated to the museum there. Editor. That Mare's Nest My Dear Mr. Barnes: Inasmuch as you have misquoted me on page 166 of the December "Oologist" 1 ask that you be good enough to publish this letter in your next issue. I know, of course, tliat the misquotation was entirely unintention- al, but it puts me in a wrong light with those who have not read my original statement in "The Auk." I did not say that it was because Dr. Oberholser used technical names that a number of them were meaningless to the general reader but because he used technical names that were dif- ferent from those of the A. O. U. Check-List the only reference volume that the majority of students have for consultation. Technical names in scientific work are not an absolute necessity, because in the large majority of cases ani- mals and plants do not have any English names. This is the case in the greater number of insects, and in other groups of lower animals, and also in the case of birds when foreign countries are concerned. In your reference to "The Auk" you say that 177 species were referred to by their Latin names only, in the October number, these are almost exclusively birds of South America and other foreign countries which have no Eng- lish names — many of them no names at all except the Latin ones, and there was no alternative. I entirely agree with you as to the English names in the case of our native birds and 1 publish them in every instance in "The Auk," except in purely technical discussion in which only technical students are in- terested. In a publication like "The Auk," intended for both classes of readers, both kinds of names have to be used. I have, however, long wondered why, in a popular magazine like "The Oologist," you continued to publish scientific names when all the species mentioned have well known English names. I thought upon looking at the December issue that you had adopted this policy, but 1 see that one tech- nical name survives on page 156, but doubtless this was an oversight. If this policy were made permanent I am sure it would meet with the ap- proval of all your readers. Sincerely yours, Witmer Stone. Surely there was no intention of "misquoting" Dr. Stone, for whom we have the highest respect. How- ever, we construed the "Auk" article as we understood it, and as we be- lieve the average layman would have read it. The reason that we still use an occasional scientific name in The Oologist is, that we occasionally find one that remains the same long enough for us to get it to the printer, and from the printer to our readers before it is changed by the big bird doctors. But in doing so we realize that we take long chances of the change being made while The Oologist is in process of making. Why not have a little common sense in the mat- ter of the eternal change of names? The Editor. A Rare Capture Tlie last week in November a farmer living in the vicinity of Burning Springs, W. Va., captured a live young Swan, evidently a bird of the present year which had strayed from the flock on the way soutli. Our 12 THE OOLOGIST friend, C. E. Van Alstine of Burning Springs, W. Va., described it: "It is white, not a pure white, but of a steel white, this color is more pro- nounced on the neck, its legs and feet, below the feathers are black, its bill is of a pinkish color except the tip which is black." The bird appears hearty and strong and is reported eating most every- thing and finally escaped from the first captor and a short time after- wards fell into the hands of a second farmer who now has it. It is to be hoped that it will ultimately find its way into one of the Zoological Gar- dens either at Washington, Philadel- phia, New York or Pittsburgh. Editor. Let me celebrate my return to civil life by contributing the following notes to The Oologist: Birds and Wasps A common bird, familiar to all who have spent any time in tropical Amer- ica, is the Grey Tody Flycatcher, Todi- rostrum cinereum cinereum). It is a feathered mite of a flycatcher, whose insistent notes rather fills the place of our familiar "chibec" of the east. Its nest is a beautifully woven bag, suspended from the lower branches of a great variety of tropical trees. The entrance is upon the side, like a tit's nest, and the eggs pure whie. I have found many of them person- ally. Along the rivers of Colombia, in the Andes, in the botanical gardens at Georgetown, near the jungle of Brit- ish Guiana, and in a dozen other places. Invariably in my experience the nesting pair have placed their home within a few inches of a wasp's nest. The wasps in question are a small social species of Polybia which are very numerous in the tropics. They construct a paper nest much like that of our common Polistes, ex- cept that it much smaller, the paper of darker pulp and the bottom of the cells covered over. It is a case of symbiosis. The birds do not bother the wasps. The wasps respect the birds, doubtless to the mutual benefit of one another. So much for the Tody. It never occurred to me that this habit might be frequent among birds of other climes, even here in the Bast perhaps. I thought nothing about it until re- cently, but now it has become a topic for special investigation and one of interest to me. Last spring, on the 29th of May, I was collecting in the woods near Stam- ford, Connecticut. I had found, for the first time in my life, four species of warblers nesting within seventy- five feet of one another! A beautiful Redstart's nest and four richly colored eggs; then, almost at my very feet, the neat pocket in the leaves of an ovenbird, containing five eggs with their lovely wreathings of brown and lavender. As I turned from this find, a Blue-winged Warbler flashed past with its mate. The tiny thing darted straight into some wild rose briars with a whisp of cedar shreds to add to its half completed home. As I paused to watch, wondering what next to expect, a Chestnut-sided Warbler caught my eye on the edge of a thicket close by. I wandered towards it cautiously and came straight upon the nest from which I flushed its mate. As I did so I felt myself violently stung on the arm by a large wasp. It was one of the big Vespa hornets, commonly known as a yellow jacket. Its nest of grey paper hung from twig about eighteen inches from the warbler's home and provided ample protection. Later, on May 29th, I located a nest of the Maryland Yellowthroat near my house. To my surprise a nest of this THE OOLOGIST 18 same large hornet guarded the birds' threshold In a very efficient manner. Up to the present, the above data are all that I possess in regard to our eastern bird building in the proximity of a wasp's nest. They are interest- ing cases, however, and ones which have stimulated my interest in the possibility of this being a habit much more general than we suppose. Paul C. Howes. Some Nesting Birds of the Palisades Interstate Park Paper No. 1 By P. M. Silloway. The following notes are presented through the courtesy of the N. Y. State College of Forestry, at Syra- cuse University. During the season of 1918, from May 24 to August 8, the writer had the pleasure of making ob- servations concerning the bird-life in the Palisades Interstate Park, situat- ed in the southeastern part of New York and the northeastern part of New Jersey. My work was under the direction of Dr. Chas. C. Adams, of the department of Forest Zoology of the College and with the co-operation of the Commissioners of the park rep- resented by Mr. Edward F. Brown, the secretary of the Commission. These notes relate especially to the Bear Mountain and Harriman region of the park, the largest of four or five sepa- rated areas making up the entire park property, which comprises al- together more than thirty thousand acres of forested woodland. The park is situated on the west side of the Hudson river, and extends irregularly from this river to the Ramapo Hills. The West Shore rail- road entrance to the region is lona Island, about forty miles above New York City. Between lona Island and the base of Bear Mountain there is an extensive march of cat-tails, this marsh bounding the Bear Mountain Inn premises on the southeast. The marsh opens into the river southeast of the Inn, and the river bounds the Inn premises on the east. Bear Mountain is the principal feature of this part of the park, though it is merely one of a group constituting the Highlands of the Hudson River. This mountain rises to an altitude of 1300 fet above the Hudson tide-level. The park owes its existence to the fact that, it is mountainous forest though the valleys as well are dense- ly wooded. We can briefly define the Highlands as a forested plateau vary- ing in height from one thousand to fourteen hundred feet, the ridge-like mountains being separated by long ir- regular troughs, all covered by a uni- form forest of hardwood type. Prom- inent trees are the chestnut, chestnut- oak, maples, red, black and white oaks, various hickories, walnut, but- ternut, tulip tree, birches, ash, bass- wood, locusts, aspens, beech, and hem- lock. The shrubs and saplings con- sist of sumach, fire cherry, witch hazel, dogwood, sassafras, laurel, sweet fern, huckleberry, purple flowering raspberry, blackberry, aspens and birches, with sprouts and saplings of all the native trees. With this brief introduction we proceed with the ob- servations concerning the nesting birds of the region, taking them in chronological order. 1. Oven-bird. On May 27th I heard a male Oven-bird singing on the basal hillside of Bear Mountain, just above the Inn premises. As he seemed to be permanently attached to the local- ity, 1 made search up the short slope, which was comparatively free of un- dergrowth, and in a short time I found the nest. It was late in the af- ternoon, and the female was not at home. The nest was among dead leaves around a fallen branch. It was 14 THE OOLOGIST made of coarse dried grasses, arched overhead, in this feature being not unlike some nests of the meadowlark. The entrance opening was paved with a large spreading dead leaf. There were eggs in the nest, but in the indistinct light I did not count them. The next morning I visited this nest about nine o'clock, and then the female was not at home. There were three eggs in the nest. A fuller ex- amination of the site showed it was among dead leaves and scattered green sprouts, sheltered by a fallen dead branch. The entrance faced the descending slope of the grade. On the morning of June I visited the nest, and the female was sitting closely, so I started her off by mov- ing a twig of the branch sheltering her home. She came out, hopping and limping over the dead leaves, with one wing held up obliquely and the other trailing the ground. She made no sound, and remained quiet while I was at the nest, which then contained five eggs. Later iu the forenoon I returned with camera, and while I set up the machine and photo- graphed the site about fifteen feet away, she remained quiet in the nest. The male apparently discontinued singing in the vicinity of the nest when the female began incubating. The Oven-bird ranges from the base to the crests of the dry wooded mountains, singing in all localities in late May and early June. 2. Chestnut-sided Warbler. This Warbler was found very common in the bushy margins, roadside clearings, and shrubby openings around the mountain bases. On May 29 I found a nest along the road near the south entrance to the Inn premises. I had heard the male singing frequently in the neighborhool, and had also seen both male and female active in the edge of the shrubbery there, so I was not long in locating the nest. The site was a very slender sprout in the edge of the undergrowth under trees bordering the road. The nest was about three feet up in the sprout, where a slender creeping vine crossed a weak fork of the sprout. When I found the nest neither par- ent bird was in sight, but soon the singing of the male and the chipping of the female announced them as the owners. The nest then contained but one egg, and the female had not begun the task of incubation. On June 3 I visited the nest, and the sit- ting female allowed me to approach quietly until I was within two feet of her, and even then she did not de- sert the nest until I put out my hand to move a twig of the sapling. She flew away low in the shrubbery, and chirped nervously at a little distance. The male did not appear at this time. The nest contained four eggs. 3. Hooded Warbler. This War- bler was common in the bushy open- ings of the hillsides, and especially in the shrubbery of small shallow ravines along the mountain bases. The male sings everywhere in the vicinity of its nest, and the site can be determined by the approximate center of the male's singing range in a ravine opening. On June 2 I locat- ed a nest of the Hooded Warbler on the boat landing grounds at Bear Mountain Inn. The site was a black- berry bush in a shallow ravine open- ing, near where a male was heard sing- ing the previous evening. The nest was made in a small fork of black- berry, against two parallel stems, about thirty inches from the ground. It was constructed outwardly of coarse weed bark and brown fibrous strip- pings, and lined with fine dried grasses, the structure being rather deep and with strong walls. The THE OOLOOIST •15 female was sitting when I found her home, and upon leaving the nest she kept near utering quiet chirps; once the male joined her, but neither mani- fested over-anxiety at the intrusion of their privacy. There were three eggs in the nest. Wlien I withdrew and watched from a respectful distance, the female was in no hurry to resume her place, but when a female Redsart chanced to flit into the nearby bushes, the female Hooded Warbler snapped upon the Redstart and chased it away in a jiffy. On June 31 1 visited the nest again, and it contained four eggs. The fe- male remained with the eggs, four in number, until I moved a branch of the bush, my hand only a foot from her; then she darted off, and chirped quiet- ly in nearby shrubbery. 1 moved away to about twenty feet, and presently she slipped back into the nest. While sit- ting there the male visited her, stand- ing so near his bill touched hers, and they thus exchanged caresses before he darted away. In each visit to this nest I noticed a pair of Catbirds work- ing across the ravine in the shrubbery adjacent to this nest, but the War- blers seemed to pay no attention to their presence. This pair of Catbirds had a nest in a nearby shrubby tangle, and it is only fair to their reputation to state that during the season in in which both nests progressed to ma- turity and successful issue, the Cat- birds did not appear to notice the warbler household. . Brown Thrasher. The Brown Thrasher is common in the ravine angles in the borders of domestic as- sociations. Several pairs were nest- ing in the surrounding shrubbery of Rear Mountain Inn. On June 2 1 found a nest in the edge of a sapling cluster bordering the Inn grounds. A birch sapling had been lopped off and left lying on the undergrowth, and un- der the horizontal sapling stem, on a mass of crushed twigs, the bulky nest of the Brown Thrasher was made, about three feet from the ground. There were young about a week old in the nest, and the parent birds both re- sented my presence by saying "pure- err" and uttering their characteristic smacking note. 5. Robin. The Robin nested every- where throughout the region in all the centers of human associations. On June 2 I found a Robin's nest near the nest of Brown Thrasher just described. It was in a sapling cluster, close to a narrow path through a fringe of shrub- bery. The site was an upright fork of alder, about seven feet up, made against the fork and adjajcent stems so carelessly that later the nest was tilted out of its place by wind sway- ing the stems. 6. Red-eyed Vireo. The Red-eyed Vireo was common throughout the park in all margins and broken wood- lands. On June 3 I found a nest of this Vireo in a small oak, at the outer part of a low branch, the site being about two feet from a corner of a small building used for storing oil. The nest was made as usual in a small fork of twigs, suspended by the brim, about five feet from the ground. The female was sitting on three eggs, which proved to be the full com- plement. I visited this nest frequent- ly, and generally the sitting bird would remain in it until I touched the leaves near the nest and pulled it slightly toward me. 7. Long-billed Marsh Wren. This species was very common in the marsh between lona Island station and the Bear Mountain Inn premises. The chittering songs of these wrens arose from all parts of the marsh in late May and early June. Late in May I located a nest in the edge of the marsn along the road, and then examined it, 16 THE OOLOGigr but it was empty and I was not cer- tain whether it was a real nest or one of the dummies constructed by tlie male. On June 5 1 examined this nest again, and it contained four eggs. No female appeared to be interested as I inspected the nest, but males were singing nearby and one particular male was working on a dummy less than a hundred feet away. This occupied nest was partially in view from the road, in strong cat-tails, and was simi- lar to a cocoanut in form and size, with thick walls of soft brownish stems interwoven with fresher greenish ma- terial, lined with down from the cat- tail heads, with the opening in one side. ' (To be continued) Late in the fall I turned him loose to follow his own instincts. I certain- ly had a great deal of pleasure with him besides learning a good many things about him and his habits. Logan I. ETvans. "Bill" a Swainson Hawk I saw a large nest in a thorny loc- ust tree up about fifteen feet and on closer examination found two young Swainsons almost ready to leave. So by sailing my hat at them hastened their departure. They didn't fly far and when they lit, in some tall grass, they couldn't rise again. One got away soon after I caught them so 1 just had the one in the photo left. It was very interesting to watch it work away at a rabbit or swallow a mouse whole, which he did when he was hungry. But if he had already eaten four or five he always tore them in two. Our old cat never tried to steal his food but once, that time she learned a valuable lesson. After he had been with us for about a month 1 made him take a mouse or a rat on the fly. 1 would come within the radius of his pocket string and hold a mouse up by the tail and whistle in imitation of his scream and he would fly straight at the mouse. I always gave it a toss, I don't think he ever missed one and I have thrown as high as thirty feet. RED-TAIL HAWK EGGS March 6, 1903. P. E. Moody, M. D. Detroit, Mich. One heavily marked on large end and one side balance lightly marked. One lightly marked. 2.52 X 1.86, 2.46 x 1.88. May 12, 1901. J. Claire Wood, De- troit, Mich. Two fairly well marked. 2.40 X 1.86, 2.30 x 1.86. April 8, 1904. J. Claire Wood, De- troit, Mich. Two fairly well clouded over the entire surface. 2.33 X 1.89, 2.35 x 1.92. April 24, 1901. J. Warren Jacobs, Waynesburg, Pa. One well clouded with a few heavy marks on small end. One well clouded over the entire surface. 2.45 X 1.85, 2.93 x 1.87. April 16„ 1893. W. H. Spicer, De- troit, Mich. One very heavily marked on large end, balance marked with small spots. One unmarked. 2.32 X 1.81,, ,2.39 x 1.86. April 13, 1902. J. Claire Wood, De- troit, Mich. One well marked. Two slightly marked. 2.38 x 1.88, 2.38 x 1.87,, 2.32 x 1.89. March 26, 1896. Frank C. Willard, Galesburg, 111. Two fairly well mark- ed. One lightly marked. 2.50 X 1.89, 2.53 x 1.91, 2.45 x 1.91. April 4, 1903. Walter C. Wood, De- troit, Mich. Two very heavily spotted over entire surface and one nearly un- marked. 2.40 X 1.92, 2.31 x 1.92, 2.30 x 1.91. March 27, 1907. S. S. Dickey. Waynesburg, Pa. One with a very few marks scattered over the entire surface and one unmarked. 2.35 X 1.95, 2.34 x 1.91. THE OOLOGIST 17 t o OJpH ■a u 4) d o ^ 3 ; ■i-> o)h4 .E ^ re H, Id THE OOLOGIST Cowbird Impositions I found Cowbird's eggs in nests of nearly all of our different Sparrows, Orioles, Vireos and other small birds, but I believe finding a Cowbird's egg in a Phoebe's nest is very unusual. More so when the Phoebe's nest is in a house. The nest shown in the en- closed picture was found inside an old deserted log house over the door lead- ing into the kitchen to the parlor, if such you can call the main livin g room of the typical Ozark pioneer's residence. The cowbird had to enter the house by a window to get to the Phoebe's nest and personally I believe this is the limit. To get sufficient light to take the picture we had to take the nest out doors and attach it to the foundation where it is now shown. The nest was found May 7, 1915 and the eggs are now much prized specimens of my collection. Another extraordinary place for a cowbird's egg was in a Mockingbird's nest in a peach tree, — the cowbird's egg being smaller than the owners. Still another unusual victim was a Wood Thrush's nest on a white oak bough which contained two of the owner's eggs and one of the Lazy birds. The Blue Brosbeak is one of the worst preyed on birds. In a nest near a pasture a few years ago I found three cowbird's eggs in varous stages of incubation and one Grosbeak's egg nearly ready to hatch. Another nest contained two Cowbird's eggs and two Grosbeaks. One rarely finds a nest of this species that has not been visited by a Cowbird. William Plank, Decatur, Ark. Unusual Nesting Site of the Rough- winged Swallow ..By S. S. Dickey, Washington, Pa... There are occasional reports of Rough-winged Swallows nesting in sewer pipes at the margins of streams. In fact, I myself found these birds inhabiting such places in a stone wall along the Potomac river near the border of Washington, D. C. However, on May 17 last, while I was down at my old home in Waynes- burg, Pennsylvania, I caught sight of some rough-wings which gracefully glided about the lawn of a little pai'k which borders on open hilly country near our house. Eventually one of these birds came flying down a paved street at the edge of the park and entered an old tile drain pipe which jutted a few inches from a recently cut perpendicular clay bank that bor- ders on the street. There is a brick house eight feet back of the bank and a large church building thirty feet across the street. Forty feet below is the main street of our town along which is much traffic every day. Investigations which I made here revealed numerous weed stalks, coarse grass, and a few small twigs which the birds had dropped below the open- ing. This led me to believe the swal- lows were nesting, so I probed the interior of the pipe with a slender stick and out came the mother bird. May 24, Mr. R. C. Harlow came down to spend the week end in the field with me and upon my showing him the nesting site he remarked tliat it seemed indeed an exceptional place for the home of the species. Some days later I had the good for- tune to again investigate the place and found the swallows carrying green leaves into their home in the pipe. Then on June 22 the young could be heard when I appeared at the opening. Thus I am satisfied that the swallows nested and brought forth their young in this strange se- clusion. THE OOLOGIST WANTED — Volumes 1 and 2 of Tliorburn's British Birds. Very hand- some price will be paid for these two volumes. ANSEL B. MILLER, Springs, Penns.vlvania. WANTED — American Ornithology Vol. VI; Oologist Vol. XXVI. 1-2-4; Ornithol- ogist and Oologist Vol. XI; Various numbers of Condor. Have duplicates of Journal Maine Ornitliological Society; early Oologist; Ornithologist and Oolo- gist; Osprey: Nidiologist, etc. H. H. JOHNSON, Pittsfleld, Maine. FOR EXCHANGE- -Sets 123a-5. One runt 373d-4, 486-4, 722an/6, 1918 col- lected. HENRY W. DAVIS, Box 844, Atlantic City, N. J. EXCHANGE — First class sets with data. Nothing back 1915. Would be glad to have your list and year collect, ed. HENRY W. DAVIS, Atlantic City, N. J. Box 844. EXCHANGE — A- sets of 364, 203, 352. Desire shore birds, especially 261, 281, 277a. All letters answered. ERNEST K. SCHLEICHERT, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. WANTED — A. L. singles, small holes, 388; 387, 622e; several each. Old U. S. postage stamps, previous to 1890, eitlier unused or A. I. used with small can- cellation. GEO. W. H. VOS BURGH, 56 Maple Ave., Columbus, Wis. EXCHANGE — I wish to exchange a few Nature pictures for the same, or for insects, cucoons. Will also sell or buy for cash. Wish to buy good com- pound microscope. What have you? Write. HUBERT R. WISWELL, West- brook, Minn. WANTED — A mounted Albino Squir- rel or skin suitable to mount. O. S. BIGGS, San Jose. III. miscel.l,an:j}ous. FO RSALE — A High-class collection of Squirrels which I desire to dispose of before entering the American Army. E. H. HAMILTON, 614 Walnut St., Ver- sailles Boro, McKeesport, Pa. EXCHANGE — One Telescope, French make, three sliding joints, 14 1-2 in. long extended, 4 1-2 in. closed. Good for bird study. Will trade for sets. What can you offer? LEWIS LUNS- FORD, 27 N. Union St., Petersburg, Va. l-"OR S.\LE — Loggerliead Sea turtle. lOmbryos and liatched turtles, mixed stages $3.00 dozen, small Octopus $1.00 each. Other Maine specimens collected from Florida tliis past summer. II. AITKKX. Gen. Dtl.. Philadelpliia. I^a. i:.\im:i;t I'Mkli) natuualisn' col- LEC'l'Oli — Would travel in South Amer- ica, Central America, West Indies or Eastern Countries. Expert in prepara- tion of hirge and small mammal and Bird Skins. Would collect in branches of Mammaloge, Ornitliology, Conc-holo- ge. Entomology and Botany for Private Colleotoi- or Institution. Parties mean- ing business address JOHN W. DAN- IELS. Jr.. Western State Hospital, Staunton, Va. EXCHANGE— Funston Perfect (animal) Smoker, 20 Onedia Jump Traps (new), eggs in sets. Want eggs in sets and singles. LYLE D. MILLER. E. ( laridon. Ohio. WANTED— Geological specimens of any kind from Western U. S. Can offer many Eastern specimens. Will also purchase if desirable. Want live pupae from Western U. S. Correspondence solicited with geoKlo- gists, entomologist and oologists. LOUIS S. Kohler, 47 Wagner Place, Hawthorue, N. J. FOR SALE— Live pupae of moths and but- terflies. Price-list on application, for de- livery November 1, 1918. Also entomologi- cal supplies of all kinds. LOUIS S. KOH- LER, 47 Wagner Place, Hawthorne, N. J. FOR SALE — Two handsome Virginia Red Cedar cabinets suitable for eggs or skins. Also one smaller Walnut Cabi- net, cheap. WHARTON RUBER, Gwy- nedd Valley, Pa. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE:-No. 3 Bulls eye Eastman Kodak, new and in good condi- tion. Ask 15.00, cost $9.00. Send offers of ex- change. JOHNSON NEFF. Marlonville, Mo. PERSONAL- Would like to become ac- quainted witli active Oologist in New York City. Westchester Co., or nearby, with view to expeditions next spring. L. C. S. please write. RAYMOND FULLER, White Plains, N. Y., R. F. D. No. 1. FOR EXCHANGE -Large showy India moths. Atacus Atlas. Antheraea Pernyi. Actias selene. Caligula cachara. ( Selene lyna Hybrid) Also many natives. Want A No. 1 set of 288, 364. A. J. POTTER, East Killingly. Conn. Eastman's vest Pocket Enlarging Camera to exchange, or sent prepaid for $1.00. Set Taxidermy lessons, costing $10.00 for sale for $2.00. "Life of Audubon" by St. John, 311 pages. 1869, 85c. "Check List New York Bird" by Farr, 216 pages, 50c. Geological Sur- vey Bulletin No. 45, 30c. FMERSON STON- EJ^, lienicia. Calif. Who has skins or mounted fox squirrels, colors. Black. White, (iray. Black Yellow, IJlack; Cinnamon mixed with black or pure white squirrels. EAliL HAMILTON, Ver- sailles, Boro., McKeesport. Pa. The Oologist is the best medium of ex- change for Oologists Ornithologists etc., in the entire U. S. I have for exchange tlie following books. iA\ in good condition. Fisher's "Hawks and Owls". Cory's "Bird*? of Ills.— Wis." Birds of Ohio. Two Vols, by W. K. I) Dawson. The Warblers of North America l)y Chapman. Ind. Dept. of (ieology and Natural Itesources. 22d antuial report. Feathered Game of the North Fast, by Walter I. Itich. "Birdcraft" by Mable Osgood Wright. "I'.irdneighbors" by Ncltje Blanchan. "Nat'l History " by San- born Temiy A. M. 500 engravings U. Scribner, 1866. "Birds of Eastrn X. America" Chap- man. "Decentof Man ". Darwin. "Catalogue Canadian l'>irds" Jno. Jas. Macoun. "Nests and FKgs .North .\meri('an Birds". Darie. 4th Ed. 'Will exchange for e('"s in sets. GER- AliD ALAN A1:B0TT. Birmingham, Michigan. VI THE OOLOGIST THE CONDOR A Magazine of Western Ornithology Published Bi-monthly by the Cooper Ornithological Club of California Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth "The Condor" is strictly scientific but edited in such a way that a be- ginner of "Bird Study" can easily un- derstand it. The articles in "The Oondor" are written by the leading Ornithologiats of the United States and are illustrated by the highest quality of half tones. Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in the United States and $1.76 in a Foreign csun- try. Sample Copy 30c. Address W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal. READ "Blue-Bird" Published in co-operation with the Cleveland Bird-Lovers' Association, and devoted to Bird Study and Coniservation $1.50 a Year 15 Cents a Copy AGENTS WANTED NO FREE COPIES Address EDITOR BLUE-BIRD, Dept. R. 1010 Euclid Ave. CLEVELAND, OHIO The OdLOGiST. BIRDS-NESTS-EGGS TAXIDERMY Vol. XXXVI. No. 2. ALBION, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1919. Whole No. 379 Oregon Junco's nest and eggs — Photo by Moody, Mullin, Id. II THE OOLOGIST BRIEF SPHCIAL ANXOUXCEMENTS Wanted. Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 eeota |mi- eacli 25 woids for one issue; each additional word 1 cent. No notice In- ~ EGGS. In sendiu); iu your exchange notices for iittstN, LNkinH and eggs, ^'e would ap- preolnte U If you would tirrange the niiiiiernlM iu y«>iir exclianj^e notice Iu llieif uiiinorivnl order, and not tumble (lieiii together hit and miss, as some of our readers iire complaining, and we think justly so. WANTEl) — To correspond with active collei-tDi's (in end list and receive mine. ,J. W. SIT(4- DION. (7 S. Eighth St.. Salt Lake Citv. I'tah. WANTED— Sets of eggs from original col- lector. Oregon, Green and Heldings Jay, Prairie and Ahlornado Falcons^. I have many Bird magazines for exchange or sale. Want Bird Lore Vol. VII No. 1. CM. CASK, 306 Blue Hills Ave., Hartford, Conn. "WANTED — Lists of choice sets from reliable collections. I can offer Sand- hill Crane, Swallow-tail Kite, Bald and Golden Eagle, Duck Hawk, Snowy Owl and many others. All answered. A. E. PRICE. Grant Park, 111. WANTED— Singles or broken sets in quan- tities, or small lots; also books on Taxidermy, curios, etc. J. E. HARRIS, 259 Maple St., Dayton, Ohio. FOR EXCHANGE — European and Asiatic sets in exchang'e for No. Ameri- can species. C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St., Boston, Mass. RED CEDAR SAW-DUST-Can supply this ideal tray lining material, clean and sifted, in sacks of half bushel or more. Will exchange for first-class sets and skins de- sired, on a basis of 60 cents per peck. A. F. GANIER. 1221 I7th Ave., S.. Nashville, Tenn. EXCHANGE — Bird skins and eggs, over 100 kinds unionidie. Wanted any- thing. DR. W. S. STRODE, Lewistown, Illinois. WANTED — A heavy marked set of .Sliarp-sliinned Hawk taken by a reli- able collector. WMll pay cash or ex- change. RALPH W. JACKSON, R .No. 1. Cambridge, Maryland. EXCHANGE of personally collecteil sets desired with reliable collectors. .Send lists. Have fine sets of 105.2 and uthcrs, California birds. J. VAN DEN- P.rUGH, 240 Stockton St., San Francisco, California. WANTED— Sets of 113.1, 249, 252, 260, 298, 332, 344, 393c, 399, 463, 521, 573, 583, 685, etc. J. H. BOWLES, The Wood- stock, Tacoma, Wash. W.\XTI-;i) — (Tiolcp sets iif anything from Xds. .".M to ti(l5 inclusive and cliDicf sets of finches from an.\' pai't ol' tile world wanted especiall.v Longspurs and \'ariet.v sets. Also sets oi- sei'ies of 2(;i. 49S. 501. 619, 70:5 and 761. Good lOuropean and other sets offered in l>esl condition. K. L. .SKINNER, Hrooklands lOstate Office, Wcybridge, England. WANTED First Class, complete sets, all species of Eagles, Kites. Falcons. Loons, Tropic birds. Hawks, Owls. Vultures. Wad- ers, Warbler-, Finches. Send listx in full with terms. Dr. M. T. CLEi.Kf.EY. Augus- ta. Ga. FOR EXCHANGE— Following Al sets, with data- 15, 2-1, 105 1-1, 105 1-2-1. 33/ b 2-3, 486 1-4, 375d 1-2, 617 1-5, 685h 1-3, and others, for sets needed in my collection. C. B.ADGER, Santa I'aula, Calif. FOR SALE -A tine white oak cabinet suit- able for birds, nests, eggs, or other UHtural history specimens. Contains 20 adjustable drawers. Details upon recjuest. S. S. DICK- EY, 212 East Maiden St., Washington, Pa. Mounted Birds to exchange for eggs in full sets. J. C. HAf.L, 1420 Marlowe Ave., Lake- wood, O. WANTED— Set of all kinds, common and rare, containing one or more eggs of any kind of Cowhird. tJood sets offered in exchange. J. H. BOWLES. The Woodstock, Tacoma, Wash. W A NTED-One set of eggs of each of the following birds, together with original nest: Scarlet Tanager, Indigo Bunting, (lold Finch. KARL W. KAHMANN, Taxidermist, Lin- coln Ave., Chicago. 111. WANTED-A-1 sets of alTbirds, also sets with Cowhird eggs. Must have full data. -Can exchange A-1 shells or cash. Write what you have, stating value. HARRY L. SEM- LFJR, City Carrier No. 3, Lexington, Mo. CORRESPONDENCE DESIRED WITH COLLECTORS WHO CAN SUPPLY THE FOLLOWING WANTS: - 293a-294-300a-300b- 311-332-336- 337-337b- 373e-377-414 420-467-483-50Ia- 501b 501c- 507-509- 511a-513a-602- 619-627a- 628-630- 633.1-648-671-687. Rev. H. E. WHEELER. Conway, Ark. WANTED — A 1st class, well marked set of 4 or 5 white tailed Kite with full and original data. B. S. FRIFFIN. 22 Currier St., Haverhill, Mass. FOR EXCHANGE — Mounted Birds, skins and eggs in sets. Want birds, skins and eggs in sets. Send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811 Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Midi. We aie headquarters for such choice stuff as Ra\en, Yellow-billed Magpie, •Santa Cruz Island Jay, Pi-airie Falcon, Snowv Plover (with nest). Pacific Hoined Owl, Vau.x Swift, Black Swift, Golden Pileolated Waibler, and scores ' ("OMPAItATlVE OOLOGY. William Leon l);i\vson, l)ircctor, Santa r.aibaia, Calif. WANTED — Entire collections of eggs, also eggs of Rare North American liirds. R. M. BARNES, Lacon, 111. I''(JR SALE Oologists 'i'(Jols and Supplies. Bird Hooks and magazines. BEN.L\MIN HOA(i, (iarfield, N. Y. IV THE OOLOOIST BOOKS. WANTED — Britton & Brown Illus- trated Flora in three volumes. State edition, condition of books and best cash price. F. E. FORD, Chardon, O. THE WARBLER — Second series. Seven volumes complete, $3.50 post paid. Very few full sets left. Volume 1 and 2, witli a dozen exquisite colored plates of rare birds eggs, is in good supply, and the two volumes will be mailed for $1.00. J. L. CHILI )S, Floral Park, N. Y. Desirable bird books for sale or exchange for other books on birds or insects. Sets of Condor, Ridgeway, etc. L. R. REYNOLDS, 2971 Pacific Ave.. San Francisco, Calif. WANTED - Osprey, Vol. IV No. 3 and index: New Series, Vol. I No. 4, 5. 7. FOR EXCHANGE or Sale Cheap. Some early volumes and single copies of Oologist, many Nos, of Bird Lore, Museum, a few copies of Osprey. JOHN WILLIAMS, Iowa City. Iowa. R. 9. FOR SALE- Auks 4 Vol. 1894 to 97. Vols. 11-12-13-14 for cash. R. E. CASE, Avon. Conn. FOR SALE -Bird Lore, five volumes, year 1913-1917, one dollar per volume, carriage extra H. MOUSLEY. Hatley, F. Quebec. WANTED FOR CASH-The Condor Vols 1-9 inch, Bird Lore Vols. 1 and 2 incl., Nos. 1 and 2 of Vol. 3; No. 1 of Vol. 7; Tne Oologist of Utica, N. Y. Vols 1-5 inc. and its continuation. The Ornithologist and Oologist Vols. t)-8 incl. B. F. BOLT. 1421 Prospect Ave., Kansas City. Mo. WANT— For cash or exchange, many issues of Oolugist, Osprey, etc.. also Birds of Wash- ington, D. C. and vicinity, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard, RAI.PH W.JACKSON, R. No. 1. Cambridge, Md. FUR SALE— Vols 4-5-6-7 of Exploration and Surveys for the Pacific Railroad, 1853-1856. The books are bound and in good condition. What am I offered. GEO. E. OSTERHOUT, Windbor, Colorado. WANTED — Back numbers of many amateur bird publications. List of de- siderate sent to anyone having any- thing in this line for sale or exchange. Also have many numbers of Auk, Con- dor. Bird Lore, O. & C, Oologist, Bull. Cooper Club, etc. to exchange. A. C. BENT. Taunton. Mass. Frank L. Burns' Bibliography of scarce or out of print North American Amateur and Trade Publications in existence. Price 85c. R. M. BARNES. Lacon. 111. FOR EXCHANGE — Osprey Vol. I, II, III, IV and v.. New Series No. 7 & 2. Condor, A^ol. VI & No. 1 of Vol. VII. Wilson Bulletin No. 69. Birds & Nature, Vol XIII. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5. Vol. IXV, No. 1; Birds Vol. II, No. 5 and 6. Auk. Vol. XXIV^ and No. 3 of Vol. XXV. Birds of Wyoming, Birds of Iowa. These will be exchanged or sold only as a whole for best cash offer or extra good sets. W. H. BINGAMAN, Algona, Iowa. EXCHANGE— Large number of Oologiets and other bird magazines. A few sets nicely prepared of common land birds. Part VII "Birds of North and Middle America" for other parts of same work. Want many issues of Oologist, Osprey etc., for cash or exchange. Also "Birds of Washington, D. C. and vicinity by Mrs. L. W. Maynard. RALPH W. JACKSON, Cambridge, Route 1, Maryland. WANTED — July, 1908, and January, 1911, numliers of Tlie Auk. State price, or can offer a few personally taken sets of eggs. HAROLD M. HOLLAND, Gales- burg, 111. WANTEi:) — Baird Brewer & Ridg- wa.vs Water Birds. Tliompson's By- ways & Bird Notes. Bird Lore, Vols. 1-15 inclusive. W. D. RICHARDSON, 4215 Prairie Ave. Chicago, 2-3t WANTED — Oologist Vol. Ill No. 2; Vols. IV, V, VI; Vol. IX. No. 11; Vol. XVI, No. 3. "Birds of Essex County, Aiass.' ; 'Putnam Catalog of tlie Birds of Connecticut," by Linsey; "Familiar Science and Fanciers Journal," Vols. 5 and 6. HARRY S. HATHAWAY, Box 1466, Providence, R. I. EXCHANGE NOTICE— The Oologist for 1913 ^vitli Septeml>er No. missing; for 1914 complete; 1915 complete; 1916 with October and December missing; for National Geogriipliic Magazines, Skins tor mounting or large single eggs. Can furnish fresh skins of Black & Tur- key Vultures for others. J. J. WIRZ, 1671 Broad St., Augusta. Ga. WANTED — Good prices paid for the following following magazines: The Oologist, Januy and Feby 1887; April 1889; also Nos. 232, 266, 270, 300. The Osprey, Vol. 3, Nos. 9 & 10; Vol. V, Nos. 5 & 7. New Series Nos. 4 & 7; Nidiolo- gist, Vol. I, Nos. 3, 5, 6; Wilson Bulletin Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 82. 84, 92, 95, 96, 97 and all old L'. S. Stamps before 1S70, singles, pairs, strips, also on the co\ers, must be in fine condition. LAUREN TREMP- l<'EK, 136 N. Dewey St., Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED — Oologist of Utica, N. Y., Vols. 1-5; Ornithologist and Oologist \^ol. 6, numbers 8, 10, 11, index and title page; Vol. 7, index and title page; Vol. 8, numbers 4, 11, 12, index and title page. Nidiologist, Vol 1, numbers 1 and 2. Osprey, Vol. 1, numbers 2, 4 and 6; and otiier discontinued ornithological magazines. Will pay reasonable prices. FOR EXCHANGE — Ornithologist and Oologist volumes 15 and 16 complete, and several numbers of Volumes 9-14. Bird Lore Vol 1, numbers 1, 5 and 6; Vol. 2, numbers 1, 4 and 6; Vol. 3, num- bers 5 and 6; Vol. 4, numbers 1, 2 and 6; Vol 5, number 5; Vol. 6, number 6; Vol. 7, number 2; Volumes 13 and 16 com- plete. Osprey Vol 2, numbers 1, 3, 6 and 7, Vol. 3, number 1. Bendire's Life Histories, Vol. 1; Nel- son's Natural History Collections Made in Alaska; Turner's Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska; For- bush's Useful Birds and their Protec- tion. R. W. WILLIAMS, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. The Oologist. Vol. XXXVI. No. 2 Albion, N. Y., Peb. 1, 1919. Whole No. 379 Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N. Y., and Lacon, III. TAKE NOTICE. SUBSCRIPTION. 50 CENTS PKK YKAK Examine the number on the wrapper of your Oologist. It denotes the time your sub- scription expires. Remember we must be notified if .you wish it discontinued and all arrearages must be paid. 378 your subscription expires with this issue. 377 your subscrip- tion expired with December issue 1918. Other expiration* tan be computed by intermediate numbers at the rate of one number per mouth. Entered as second-class matter December 21. 190S, at the post office al Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1S79. m PERMITS Under the new Bird I^aw it is necessary for all collectors to get both State and Federal Per- mits, to collect or to have on hand specimens of either Mounted Birds, Skins, or Birds Nests and Eg'gs. You get the State Permits from your local authorities. You get your Federal Permits from the Biological Division of the Department of Agri- culture, at Washington. Tliey will send the neces- sary l)laiiks for api)lyiiig for these ])ermits, with- out expense. Be sure to get your permits early, and then he sui*e that you kee]) within the laws after you get them. Then you will have no trouble. R. M. Barnes. w 0. m m m 20 THE OOLOGIST Around Red Lake by Launch By L. E. Healey Northern Minnesota has been called the "Rendevous of the American Sportsman." Whether such a name is now considered apropos by the hunter it is hard to say. There was a time not very far removed from the present day when her areas abounded in the most magnificent forests of the continent. These forests were inhabi- tated by elk, caribou, moose, deer, bear, and her less wooded areas by grouse, her lakes by ducks and geese, her streams by beaver; her waters abounded in fish and her blue skies in the fiight of birds. The ruling hand of this happy hunting ground was the American Indian who lived here unmolested and was master of all he surveyed. These days of wild life are fast and disappearing — are gone. The advent of civilization with the lumberman, the hunter and trap- per followed closely by the sportsman and settler has wrought great changes in this, nature's playground. Her forests are depleted and well nigh gone; her elk and caribou have dis- appeared; laws have been enacted protecting the lives of the remaining moose, deer, fur-bearing animals and edible fowl; and the Indian has been crowded onto Reservation and much to the chagrin of the chief of the feather with belt of wampum, his children have been placed in schools and taught the mode of life and the ways of the white man — all in this glorious country of the Creator's handi- work. But her lakes, surely man in his greed for wealth can not molest the beauty of her meriad sheets of water for which the state is famous. Ah no, it is still a garden of lakes, thousands of them, beautiful expanses of water that invite the hunter and the pleasure seeker and many of them still in the wilds. And yet the writer knows of one lake, Thief Lake, in Eastern Marshall County which In 1916 and for years prior thereto, was the best duck breeding pond and con- sequently duck hunting area in this, the northwestern portion of the state. This lake was something over ten miles long and four miles wide, was the home of thousands of ducks and wild geese, and the balm of comfort to the moose and deer during fly season when they would go into the water and dip themselves to the very nostrils. What has become of this lake? Where was it last fall, the fall of 1917? We drove from our home town by car to investigate before hunting season which in this state opens September fifteenth and behold, a veritable sand storm was sweeping it from end to end, now a desert which was once a lake. Through its center was a high pile of dirt marking the course of a State Ditch. The lake had succumbed to the drainage system laid out by the state engineers and her surface is now thrown open to home- stead entry. Mud Lake has suffered a similar fate as no doubt have many others not named or shown on the maps. To the writer there is a cer- tain sadness connected with this utter destruction of the nesting sights of thousands of our water fowl. If it has the sense of realization, the water fowl which has for generations back and for their own life period nested here, must feel like the youth of the wild timber lands who returns from the village miles distant to find his home utterly destroyed and nothing but ashes remaining to mark the spot which all his life he has known as home. But the larger lakes and the deeper ones will always remain; and so stands Red Lake in the heart of an Indian Reservation, still forested, still wild, still as nature has made her, majestic, awe-inspiring, a broad THE OOLOGIST 21 We found fishing off McMehan good —Photo by L. E. Healey expanse of waterstretching out to meet the sky, forty-five miles in its longest reach and twenty-five miles wide, regular in outline, an inland sea without a single island to dot its sur- face, the largest fresh water area totally within the confines of the United States. It was to this, a still remaining vistage of primeval Minne- sota, that two lovers of the wild, hear- ing the call, set out on July eighth in the year of our Lord nineteen hun- dred and seventeen to drink of the glorious air. bathe in the sparkling waters, to be free in God's great out of doors. We were disappointed in not being able to make the trip during bird nest- ing season, the glorious month of June when all nature puts on her lovliest gown and her feathered creatues vie with each other in their mad revel of song. It had been our object in this long planned trip to study these fairy friends and thus be able to report more fully upon bird life about Red Lake and the marshes immediately •tributary thereto, but at so late a date most of the songsters had ceased to sing and were too busy rearing a hun- gry family to give us the opportunity of even knowing of their immediate presence, either that, or the wilder the country, the fewer the song birds; and I am inclined to believe the latter to be true. In this respect our entire trip of nearly three hundred seventy five miles by water was conspicuous in the absence of bird life. True we saw a bird life we were not so familiar with of which I shall speak as my story progresses, but we were im- pressed with the thought that God placed these feathered creatures in the world for man, and they knowing full well their mission, take up their abode heroicly near those who seek to destroy much less know their habits, and hear so little of heir efforts to cheer the weary mind and sing the glory of their maker. The Red Lake River is the outlet of Red Lake. It leaves the Lake at the southwest corner and flows in a general direction westward to the border line between Minnesota and North Dakota where it joins the Red River of the North in a grand fork at Grand F'orks, thence making its way northward througli the far famed Red River Valley, tlie bread basket of the world, emptying its muddy course in 22 THE OOLOGIST We took dinner that day at Neptune Bay —Photo by L. E. Healey the Arctic waters of the Hudson Bay. From Thief River Falls, the last large town up the River to Red Lake Falls, the parental home of "Bud" and myself, the river leaps from one rapids to another in its mad rush seaward, except where man has dammed its course in three places to force it to give of its power. It was impossible on this account to begin our journey by boat from home. We shipped by freight to Thief River Falls, and Sat- urday saw us nicely on our way in the back water of the last dam. Our boat was a sixteen foot launch with a two horse power stationery engine. It was equipped with all-weather top with side curtains inclosing the entire boat after the manner of the auto, and ex- tra curtains of mosquito to proof net. The writer built the whole outfit and installed the engine, and he knew every nail and rib, every stitch and tack and he loved her, too, as a home in the wilds. Before we tied that night to an over-hanging tree, we had climbed the last rapids and still had one propeller to our credit. With this we were more earful but the trip from now on for the next fifty miles was dear sailing until we reached High Landing, the only Post Office that might be designated a town on the River after leaving Thief River Falls. As we progressed up the river the next day, the higher banks were grad- ually replaced by lower banks, the rocky shores by fewer rock the heavy hardwood timber by scattered groves and the swift current by more slug- gish waters. So gradual was this change that without at first realizing it, we were that afternoon fully aware of the fact that we were among un- accustomed surroundings; that the river had become choked with water weeds, weeds such as one finds grow- ing in muddy lakes; the shores had become boggy; the groves of poplar timer had receded to far distances from the course of the river and the occasional farm house and homestead shanty were few and far between. The balance of fifty miles to the Lake was destined to be frought with much difficulty in keeping our propeller free from weeds and our hides from mosquito bites, although be it said in favor of the pests, we were not troubled to the extent we had antici- pated. Bird life had as gradually changed from the birds of the woods THE OOLOOIST 28 and fields, the birds of a more do- mestic nature, to the birds of the slough and reed and the birds of soli- tary places. Instead of the noisy kingfisher darting from his accus- tomed perch on some overhanging limb, watching with one eye for a fish beneath and with the other on his nearby home in the bank, we saw the great blue heron wading knee deep in some frog pond, terrorizing the in- habitants in true Hun style, and startled by the approach of our sub- marine chaser took Its ciumsy flight up the river like some great aeroplane, only to be again disturbed as before. At nearly every quiet pool a family of black ducks or scaups looked out be- wildered perhaps for the first time at the sight of man, and ever and anon a sora rail sent out his noisy chal- lenge at our approach. An occasional American Bittern was startled from the waters edge and large hawks were seen at distances back among the scattering groves. In the swampy area which widens as one approaches the lake, an oc- casional rise of land might be seen, an island as it were among the bogs. Where such a place is near the river it gives the semblance of a shore where landing is possible. Strange to say although few, yet each seemed to have buildings, although as we dis- covered, they were inhabitated for the most part by Indians, the more so as we neared the lake. After leaving Highlanding where we replenished our gasoline supply to the limit, for we were to travel some 100 miles be- fore we would again be able to get more, we pushed on until it was al- most dark before we could find a place to even tie our boat. It was where one of these rises of ground came close to the river that gave us mooring. There proved to be a fam- ily of Scandinavians living on their homestead close by. They had pros- pered for they had a large hip-roofed barn, a good house and much stock. The boys were enthusiastic about our outfit and we were invited to spend the balance of the evening at their home and destined to accept their hospitable invitation to partake of the comforts of a spring bed, to us our last chance for a while. But, oh, for the comforts of our bed in the boat. The writer gave it up, finally dressed after turning his underwear inside out, and sat wondering how best to spend the balance of the night which he envied Bud who was sawing wood with ease and comfort. Not that he was more used to bed bugs than I was, but I guess his hide was tougher and they couldn't make an impression. I did succeed in getting a couple of hours of sleep on the floor. That was our last night for a while in — shall we say civilization? The next morning in our leave taking, we noticed the accustomed English Sparrows about the barn. It impressed us forcibly away out on this frontier. With what rapidity and in what great numbers is this pest of the bird family inflict- ing its presence on civilized man to the remotest corners of the continent. The day is coming when the problem will have to be met. We took dinner that day at Neptune, a store and post office, the last in our course for many miles. Having re- plenished our larder we began our last stretch of forty miles through the swamps. At times it was difficult, to determine the true course of the river; at times we run aground and were forced to turn back to try a dif- ferent opening among the reeds and wild rice: and ever present were the water weeds which danced the tango with our propeller and got all wrapped up in tlieir delight, so wrapped tliat our little engine labored hard to keep 24 THE OOLOOIST up the merry whorl of the dance until we would turn off the switch, cut loose the weeds and begin anew. This was always disastrous to actual time spent on the journey up stream, for there is a current in the main channel which would at such times take us back several rods. The bottom of the main channel is firm and sandy. As we neared the lake the channel be- came more narrow, the reed banks more defined and the water more swift. We were finally so hemmed in by the tall reeds that we could not see "over the top" even by standing up on the deck of our boat. Of a sud- den we rounded one of the many sharp bends and came into full view of the magnificent sheet of water stretching as far as the eye could reach to meet the sky. To one who has never be- held a sheet of water that he can not see across the earth's curvature is very marked and the water seems to rise in a hill before his gaze. The view to us was very inspiring. We ran our boat out into the lake at six thirty p. m., Monday evening, having left Thief River Falls the Saturday before at six p. m. We had traveled an approximate distance of one hun- dred miles in twenty continuous hours of travel, our rate up stream averag- ing five miles per hour. Immediately in front of the outlet and out in the lake about three or four hundred yards rest two steamers, grounded end to end, beat upon by the waves, scarred and bruised by the spring ice jambs, weather wrecked, memorials of bygone days, days when frontiersmen depended upon the rivers and lakes as highways of trade before the advent of railroads to transport the necessary freight. These two boats used to ply between Thief River Falls and various lake points, Wash- kish, Shotly, Ponema, Redby; and Red Lake better known as the Agency. They were built for passenger as well as freight traffic. The larger of the two, the McMehan, was a side wheeler and in a fair state of repairs. The engines were still good, the windows most all whole and the cabin still con- tained the springs of the beds. The main deck was just out of reach of the waves. It might be interesting to state here that Red Lake is a very shallow lake for its size, the deepest place known not being over thirty feet deep. The South Lake is deeper than the North Lake. The shores of both run out into the water very grad- ually so that a half mile and in some instances a mile out we could take our boat pole and touch bottom. For that reason a wind will soon kick up the waters and the waves run high. We had been warned to keep well to the shore line and not attempt to cross the lake. We found fishing off the McMahon good so we put up for the night and partook of the hospitality of the bed springs in the pilots cabin on the upper deck. During the night the wind arose coming across the lake and although we tied our boat securely the wind had broken the moorings. It was one of those cases when one suddenly becomes aware that something is wrong, a premonition that he must awake. 1 found myself suddenly standing in the middle of the cabin floor, the wind howling through the broken window pane. I hurried without knowing why down- stairs bare-footed, my night-gown switched about my chilled limbs, back to the stern of the boat where our little craft was all but hanging to its last rope, its side worn nearly through from chaffing the boat to the rear. I called lustily to Bud and a half hours work put our boat in the lea of the balance of the night. We were lucky to have a boat at all. Had she broken ttlE OOLOGIST 25 loose she would have headed with the wind straight towards the outlet and down the stream towards home. Amenities of Nomenclature. Having been a reader and a frequent contributor to the pages of The Oolo- gist almost from the beginning, I wish to take the liberty which is gen- erally vouchsafed to us, "old boys," of saying somewhat, in a matter where- in myself, and others, are in agree- ment with a frequently expressed sent- iment of the Editor of The Oologist: Incessant changes necessitated, in a manuscript which has engaged much of my attention for fifteen years, by the unending changes made in scien- tific nomenclature, would often have led me deliberately to curse the Pro- crustean "Law of Priority,", — were I not a clergyman! It is quite bad enough to have the specific name for our well-known Mal- lard changed from the simple and meaningful, "boschas" to the cumber- some and not-especially-distinctive "platyrhynchos;" but it does grate up- on the classic sensibilities of a student to see perpetuated, by the Law of Priority, the spelling, "hyemalis," for no better reason than that an original describer slipped up on his Latin! Now, for a very gentle comment on certain changes; not always changes for the better. Many of us had grown to love the Tern name, "Sterna." To us, it was a meaningful word. Now, it is displayed by "Thalasseus, but why? The Terns are by no means dis- tinctively "sea" birds. One similar change, however, appeals to one; the present vogue of calling the "Least" Tern by the fit title, "Sternula." One does, per contra, vehemently protest against the rather stilted substitution of such titles as "Onychoprion," (Sooty Tern), for Sterna. How un- wieldly, for another turn, the present scientific name of the Bridled Tern, "Melanosterna anaetheta recognita." If we are to have a Melano-sterna, why not, pray, Albo-sterna. And why perpetuate a mis-spelling like "anae- theta," (for anaestheta), and that, the more, since the term, "anaesthetic," but inaccurately described the tem- peramental quality thus sought to be distinguished (in the Bridled Tern)? And, what distinctiveness, will you tell us, inheres with the term, "recog- nita," which merely chronicles the sempiternal warfare being waged con- cerning what Dr. Dwight lias so witt- ily termed, "millimeter races?" How arbitrary and meaningless, again, the sub-specific (Black Tern) title, "suri- namensis." We certainly have no Surinam in North America! To some of us, this use appears to us quite as futile as that of the term, "Arkansas" for a Kingbird that never sees Arkan- sas except during the migrations. One cannot admire the false Latinity of words like "exulans," Wandering Albatross, and the coining of a mon- grel-Latin term, "glupisha" out of a sailor nick-name. One would also question the genitive form, "kuhlii," for one of the Puffin-form birds; in which connection, moreover, one would really like to know why we must now substitute "Ardenna," in some cases, for "Puffinus?" Curiously enough, we have specific words of absolutely identical mean- ing, "creatopus" and "carnei-pes," "Pink-footed" and "Pale-footed" Shear- waters. Many scientific names give one the impression of mere striving after effects. For example, the sub- ^^titution, (for good, old fashioned "Puffinus" of "Thyellodroma: (for the Wedge-tailed Shearwater). Referring again to the tern, kuhlii, as applied, (by some), to the Cory Shearwater number 87 (A. O. U.). Now the Black-tail Shearwater is No. 97,, A. 26 THE OOLOGIST O. U. ; yet my kindly correspondent, Herr, Nehrkorn, of Leipzig, maintains, as do Godman, and others, that these two are synonomous. (If you object to ray spelling of the word just used, let me gently remind you that our well es- tablished English word, "synonym" is a mis-spelling of the Greek) How one shudders to read, for the Black-capped Petrel, the recent epithet, "diabolica." No wonder the poor creature is now extinct! Lamentable, enough, it is to use an equivocal English word; but how much more unfortunate the use of such a classical term as the very equivocal, "scalaris," (for a Petrel). In truth, the original coiner of this word should, for lucidity's sake.have tacked to his title the explicit explan- ation, "means having feathers like scales." Confusion worse-confounded" marks the current treatment of some allied races. The two conspecies of a furtive Flycatcher have had the two names, "Traill" and "Alder," "trailli" and "alnorum," bandied about until none but an expert any longer knows which is which, or why! Really, one would think that the blunder of one set of nomenclatural interchanges of this sort would have served to bring about stability, but, no, indeed! As regards the matter of specific sub- division, with such plastic Genera as, for a conspicuous example, the Genus, Octocoris. Now, we have no less than twenty-three Horned Lark races, rec- ognized, north of the Mexican Border. Of these, two occupy, each, a curious- ly proximate pair of tiny areas just where Northern and Southern Cali- fornia come together. And one of these has received the entirely stilt- ed sub-specific title, "Leucansiptila." Really, gentleman of the (Bird) Jury, when even a classicist must hie to his Greek and Latin Lexicon, whensoever a new "millimeter race" is brought forth, it seems time to call out, im- periously, for both simplicity and clearness, (as well as accuracy!) in the nomenclatural domain!. How rife, in both classical and vul- gar names, is inconsistency. We say Sage "Hen," but Prairie "Chicken." Again, some say Franklin "Grouse," others, Franklin "Spruce Partridge," and which is right? How unfortunate, moreover, to perpetuate, in vernacular language, so ridiculous a scientific mis-statement as that involved, (both in Europe and in America), in the term, Oyster "catcher!" How utterly arbitrary and meaningless, moreover, the use of terms, once classic, but now transferred to the vernacular, such, for example, as the Term, "Prothono- tary," (Warbler). Quite bad enough it was that the original scientific name should have been mis-spelled, but far worse that some man's fancy that this Warbler's beak bore a slight, fancied resemblance to the quill-pen of our fore-fathers should have been embalmed in a name! For pity's sake, why not give this exqiusite Warbler of the woodland river margins a fit- ting and distinctive name, "River" Warbler? Through but an amateur, and an ob- scure one, at that, I have always re- belled against the A. O. U. Fiat dis- placing the title, "American," where- soever occurring. In the A. O. U. Lists, why, thus take away, without replacing? We have "Western" Robins, why not, then "Eastern" Robins? And, even where we have, not only Eastern and West- ern but Southern, and perhaps, Cen- tral, species and sub-species, why al- ter a good, meaningful term like "American," in case of Genera involv- ing, for America, but a single species. Coot, Woodcock. (Yet requiring dis- tinction from the corresponding Euro- pean birds). THE OOLOGISl* 27 I fell to wondering, recently, why the old-time specific name "erythro- gaster," (Barn Swallow), should be changed to "tris," for its final syllable. The explanation was that, Hirundo being feminine, and the adjective of the third declension, and the specific name of the nature, not of substantive but of adjective, "tris" was the only allowable rendering. An ornithologist of equal acumen maintains that the specific names are, not adjectives but nouns, and that, he would seem to say, must end the controversy. But, how about "canadensis," (for a certain Warbler), and "aestuarinus" for the latest developed of the Marsh Wren sub-species, for Interior California) ? The writer entirely disclaims any attainment, whatever, in the lore that transforms the amateur into a savant. But he does believe himself, and thous- who think and feel as he does, en- titled to a hearing, as regards many considerations, some of them obscure, a few of them, perhaps, trifling, in their isolation; yet all of them in the aggregate, having a preponderate bearing on scientific classification and nomenclature. An amateur, for example, finds it hard to restrain his impatience when told that the place where a certain equivocal specimen was taken must be made known be- fore the status of the specimen can be determined. (To show how all this works out, in practice, I might be per- mitted to say; that specimens of a certain Thrush, taken by me, in Wyoming, were pronounced to be "swainsoni," while similar birds taken at the same altitude, and showiag the very same (distinctive and un-swain- son-like) breeding habits, in North- western Nebraska, not many miles away, were called "almae!". One does not wonder, after all this blow- ing of hot and cold with the same mouth, that "almae" should have been wiped off the face of the map forever, in face of which arbitrary action stands the fact that the Alma Thrush, in temperament and in nesting habit, is utterly distinct from the Olive- backed Thrush. (And to this agree no less acute men than A. O. Treg- anza and F. M. Dille). The above has not been written, either to exploit ones personality or to provoke controversy; but rather in the hope that the deliberately formed opinions and the carefully digested observations of amateurs who are, per- haps, as correct classicists as the Nomenclatures, may be weighed, dis- passionately in the official balance, yet not, in the final issue, be found wanting. P. B. Peabody. Where Will It End? Remember the American Buffalo, Wild Pigeon, Carolina Paraquette, Ivory Billed Woodpecker, and many others. The destruction of wild life, by our modern "civilization" is simply appal- ing. At a recent fur auction in St. Louis, Mo., the following pelts were sold, "besides thousands of others," as stated by the daily press: 900,000 Muskrat. 810,000 Russian Squirrel. 750,000 Mole. 300,000 Possum. 215,000 Skunk. 173,000 Marmots. 135,000 Nutria. 130,000 Raccoon. 118,000 Ermine. 106,000 Mink. 96,000 Japanese Mink. 77,000 Chinese Mink. 68,000 Australian Ringtail. 52,000 Kolinsky. 30,000 Red Fox. 10,000 Argentine Fox. 9,000 Japanese Fox. 28 THE OOLOGIST 8,500 Gray Fox. FOREIGN 6,100 Patagonian Fos 12,500 Australian Fox. 6,000 Marten. 14,500 Australian Opossum. 1,900 White Fox. 13,500 lbs. Australian Rabbit. 1,800 Russian Sable. 19,000 Australian Ringtail. 1,400 Bear. 3,500 Astrachan. 1,200 Cross Fox. 135 Broadtail. 1,100 Silver Fox. 750 Chinchillona. 500 Badger. 2,900 Chinese Civit Cat. 400 Mountain Lion. 500 Chinese Raccoon. 321 Blue Fox. 2,200 Chinese Weasel. 130 Polar Bear. 1,065 Hare. The foregoing represents the death 4,150 Japanese Marten. of almost four million animals. A-nd 33,000 Japanese Mink. now comes the New York Fur Auction 900 Japanese Flying Squirrel. Sales Corporation, and announces the 5,700 Karagon Fox. sale of the following at its fall sale 2,950 Kitt Fox. yet to come! This represents the 1,900 Hair Seal. death of almost four m lillion four hun- 38,500 Kolinsky. dred thousand more ; animals as fol- 400 Leopard. lows: 280,000 Mole. DOMESTIC 70,000 Nutria. 5,100 Badger. 2,400 Patagonian Fox. 1,000 Bear. 525 Persian Lamb. 25 Polar Bear. 19,000 Russian Barunduki. 8,300 Beaver. 800 Russian Fitch. 3,600 Civit Cat. 32,000 Russian Marmot. 19,000 House Cat. 110,000 Russian Squirrel. 200 Ringtail Cat. 375 Russian Sable. 14,000 Wildcat. 450 Stone Marten. 58,000 Ermine. 2,000 South American Lamb. 650 Fisher. 7 Tiger. 120 Blue Fox. 785 Tasmanian Opossum. 650 Cross Fox. ALSO SUNDRIES CONSISTING ,OF 5,800 Grey Fox. 275 Dog. 21,000 Red Fox. 21,000 Tails and Paws. 660 White Fox. 12 Mountain Lion. 550 Silver Fox. 46 Pony. 7,000 Lynx. 10,300 Sundry Fox. 2,900 Marten. 100 Wool Seal. 76,000 Mink. 1,408 Astrachan. 650,000 Muskrat. 9,646 Astrachan (dyed). 21,000 Muskrat (black) 19,000 Japanese White Coney. 175,000 Opossum. 2,863 Fox. 4,900 Otter. 8,500 Japanese Flying. 55,000 Raccoon. 1,000 Mink. 145,000 Skunk. 50,071 Mole. 25,000 Wolf. 2,475 Kolinsky. 225 Wolverine. 135 Ermine. THE OOLOGIST 29 23 lbs. Squirrel Tails. 63 Squirrel. When we remember the about one million men armed with the very latest and best death dealing imple- ments take the field against the wild life of the United States every year, we wonder where it will all end. Winter Birds from the North By H. H. Johnson, Pittsfield, Me. The winter of 1918-19 so far has been one of mild temperature as con- cerns this section of the United States. We have been led to expect migra- tions of residents of the north only in severe winters, yet, visitors from the North-land are plentiful this winter. Perhaps that means a lack of food in the summer home of our visitors, or a much colder winter to the north than here. But whatever the reason they have come and come in goodly num- bers. The Evening Grosbeaks are re- ported from various sections of the state. Bangor being the latest. Its relative, the Pine Grosbeak, is also here in numbers; a flock of a dozen having just made me a Sunday call (Jan. 26th) one third of whom wore the rose red of the adult male, the others shading down to the slaty grey of the female. Apples left on the crabapple tree being the attraction; these they attacted, digging into them after the seeds, that being the only part they appeared to care for. There was some quarreling and scolding dur- ing the process. Soon one left going in the direction of another apple tree some distance away, followed in a little while by the rest of the flock. These Pine Grosbeaks have been in this neighborhood for over a month. Knight in Birds of Maine records the nesting of the Pine Grosbeak near Jackman, Me. He also gives a lengthy report of the breeding of some captive birds that he had, the eggs lie des- cribes as greenish blue color, spotted with black and lilac. A set of five deposited May 28th to June 7th meas- ure as follows .92 x .69; .83 x .66; .93 X .71; .88 x .70; .88 x .69 inches. The Snowy Owl is another of our win- ter visitors, two have been shot near here this winter and a local hardware dealer has the amounted specimens on display in his window; these are very handsome specimens. The winter of 1901-02 brought them here in large numbers, some 125 being sent to vari- ous taxidermists. 1905-6 also there was a rather unusual flight fully 200 were killed that winter in Maine. Knight reports the examination of a large number of stomachs of the Snowy Owl taken in Maine and all of which were practically empty, and it seems probable that a lack of food is the cause of their migration here. Redpolls are reported in numbers though I have noted that they seem most plentiful on the return migra- tion sometime in March. Snowbirds are also reported in large flocks. The Robin while not a migrant of the north must be placed in this list as wintering here this year, several be- ing reported from different localities; these birds must subsist at this season mainly on frozen apples and the ber- ries of the mountain ash. While out watching my visitors the Pine Gros- beaks my attention was detracted by the whistle of the wings of some fly- ing ducks as they passed up the river; later after my callers had gone 1 went down to the river to see if I could lo- cate and identify the ducks, but was unable to find them, they apparently having gone further up the river as there is plenty of open water this win- ter. The Downy Woodpecker By H. H. Johnson, I'ittslield, Maine While driving my grain l)inder 30 THE OOLOOIST along the road this fall I had the pleasure of witnessing for the first time the Downy Woodpecker catch an insect on the wing. I had never hap- pened to have read of such an occur- ence so I experienced all the thrills of a new discovery, but alas, like many an other discoverer and invent- or some one had just been a little ahead of me; some dozens of years in my case. At the time I made mental note that later; sometime in the win- ter when not so rushed, I would note my (discovery) ? in the Oologist. Mean- while I have been reading Our Birds in Their Haunts and there in black and white was my new discovery. Fame had taken wings and flown away. Yet, I deem the occurence worth a line, for there may be some one, like myself, who has never wit- nessed the Downy Woodpecker in the role of a 'Flycatcher' as indeed such was his act. Downy was on the top of one of a line of telephone poles skirting the roadway. I was too far away to be sure of his identity when he left the pole and flying with a motion similar to a Kingbird he dart- ed off over the open field; some rods, reaching its prey (some insect I sup- pose) it hovered a moment as a Blue- bird or Kingbird will when in the act of catching a fiy; then back again to its perch on the top of the pole. I witnessed all these movements suppos- ing the bird to be a Bluebird and that I was seeing what I had noticed many times before. As I approached the telephone pole the bird darted off the top and around behind out of sight in a characteristic woodpecker way. It was then that I noticed that the sup- posed bluebird was a Downy Wood- pecker in a different and new role, to me; a role in which tlie actor ap- peared fully capable of performing. The Downy is a common woodpecker in this section; one we see most often, as it is a frequent visitor to our orch- ards and dooryards in search of food. My acquaintance with this woodpecker began when my interest in ornithology was first aroused, at a very immature age. A boy friend and myself not knowing the proper time to look for eggs; which we had commenced a (collection)? of, and which consisted mostly of Robins, Bluebirds and Swallows at that time; the same which for the reason of parental dis- pleasure was packed in sheeps wool in a box, kept well hid under the barn. We had found a rotten stub of a Rock- maple which had a small hole in it about ten feet up from the ground, from which flew a small Woodpecker when we rapped on the stub. This was well along in June. We had found a prize, something not in our (extensive) collection; a prize we wished the worst way, but we saw no way to secure the eggs except to cut the stub down, which we did forth ; with; the result was five very much smashed up, naked Young Downy Woodpeckers. Well, my parents found this out through some channel to me unknown (I had neglected to mention our find) and you can imagine the result. I broke my eggs and gave up collecting for the time being. Thus my early acquaintance with the Downy Wood- pecker began. This Woodpecker pre- fers to nest in an orchard, but is also found plentiful in stubs along the shores of ponds and rivers; a swampy tract recently overflown and there- fore with many dead stubs is a rare good chance for the Downy. They al- ways use a hole as a nesting site; drilling a new hole each year; they al- so drill special holes in the fall or early winter as a temporary refuge during the winter, which are deserted in the spring. The eggs average five in number laid on a bed of fine chip.s THE OOLOGIST 31 at bottom of cavity, pure glossy white Drumming is a very noticeable feat- ure of the Downy in the spring; they using some resoundant limb or tree trunk as a sounding board and I think is used as a call to its mate. Dili- gence in the search of food is charac- teristic of the Downy and their "once ever" of the old apple tree is through; his industry is unequaled. They are very confiding when thus busily en- gaged and one may approach pretty close to the tree without disturbing the worker. Some farmers regard the Woodpecker tribe as an evil, claiming damage to trees by their drilling of holes, large and small, in the trunks and large limbs of their shade and apple trees, by the making parallel rows of shallow holes around the trunks. But I cannot agree with them ; no doubt there is some unavoidable damage caused by the Downy in its search for insects, but I consider it of small moment compared with the amount of good it does by destruction of insects, grubs, bores, etc. Forbush states of its being observed to eat wood-boring ants, apple tree borers, cocoons of codling moth, Hairy Cater- pillars, pupae of Gypsy Moths, and sometimes the apples on the tree is attacted by the Downy, but he thinks only of wormy apples. The young are largely fed on caterpillars of various sorts. Dr. Merriam found the stom- achs of four Downys filled witli beechnuts, and has seen this species eat the berries of the mountain ash. ?"'orbush says it eats bay-berries also. Beal; Biol. Bull. No. 7, says, "of the seven species considered, the Downy Woodpecker is the most beneficial." Tlie stomachs of 8 out of 11 killed in Kansas in winter contained to the ex- tent of 10 per cent of all their food, eggs of grasslioppers. Bird and Animal Life in Menard Co., Texas While on a hunt in December, 1916, I observed many birds and animals. The hunt was made in Menard County, Texas. The small town of Menard is at the end of the Frisco R. R. In Southwest Texas bird and animal life is still existing but not increasing. We traveled south from Menard in a wagon. Along the road I saw several bunches of Bob White. One bunch of eight wild turkey passed in front of us. Saw many birds such as Green Jay, Meadow Lark, Towhee, Road Run- ner, Krider and Sparrow Hawk, Slate colored Junco, Cedar Waxwings, and Robins. We passed through several large prairie dog towns. They were plentiful and seemed to be tame and happy. As there is no damage for them to do they are left unmolested. Rabbits were scarce this year on ac- count of a disease which struck them, killing nearly every rabbitt in the country. Fox and grey squirrels were more than plentiful as no one ever shoots a squirrel. Black squirrels were scarce in the country we traveled through. Chipmunks and ground squirrels were noticed during a warm day. Armodillas are more than plenti- ful this year. They are not afraid of anything and will feed up as close as two feet of you before scenting dan- ger. We observed more than a hun- dred in a day's time. A few people in that country make baskets out of their shells. I brought home five shells and one live one. We have lots of fun here in the shop telling people they are South American grave robbers. A carnival came to Menard. One of the shows had a large banner with an armodilla as big as an ele- phant painted on it. They called it the ferocious South American grave robber , the only one in captivity. Of course all the people in Menard had 32 THE OOLOGIST to spend a dime to see such a ferocious animal. Wlien you can catch armodil- las in the city limits of Menard. It was a joke on the people so the sheriff closed the show as a fake. Telling this joke on Menard has got me away from my subject. But we are back again. Arriving at Gentry Creek we made camps. While at this camp many interesting things happened, but it would take too much space to tell them. We observed the following birds: about 200 Wild Turkey, many Bob White, Texas and Belted Kingfishers, Road Runners, Arizona Jays, Uowny Woodpeckers, Flicker, Slate-colored Junco, Cedar Waxwings, Robins, Kill- deer, Wrens, Tufted and Black Vul- tures, Hawks and Owls. The only Ducks seen were in a bunch of Mal- lards. Observed six deer. I killed one four point buck and one wild turkey. The rest of the party killed 7 wild turkeys. Fur-bearing animals are decreasing rapidly. A few wild cats, coyote, wolf, fox, coon, skunk, civit, ring tail cats, and oppossum are left. I saw three eagle nests, many cliff swallows and one phoebe. I have used too much space already so I must quit for this time. Hoping a happy new year to The Oologist and all its readers. Ramon Graham, Taxidermist, Ft. Worth, Texas. Early Blue Jay's Eggs My Earliest date for Blue Jays' eggs in Polk County, Iowa, was April 18, 1910. On the above date 1 found a nest containing one egg which on the 23rd contained four eggs. The data I give below as it is quite an interesting one to my collection. Date, April 23rd, 1910; Locality, East of Greenwood Park, Des Moines, la ; nest, 8 feet from ground in crotch of an apple tree in orchard, composed of sticks and lined with rootlets. Nest found on the 18th when it contained one egg. On my next visit, on the 23d, the nest was filled with snow which had fallen that afternoon, com- pletely covering the four eggs. There were no Jays near, and had the eggs been left in the nest overnight they would no doubt have frozen as the night was very cold. Emerson A. Stoner, (Now of Benicia, Cal.) Owls and Robins in Nemeha County, Kansas. During the past three years I have had occasion to note the different Owls found in this county. In the early part of 1915 an ac- quaintance of mine brought me a fine speciman of a Barred Owl, which he had killed in the woods near here. The Great Horned Owl is quite numerous here. Last summer l ran on to on© when 1 was walking through the woods. He was sitting on a log which had fallen across the stream. His back was toward me but he turned his head, his eyes looked as big as saucers and gazed at me for a few seconds, then gave a kind of croak and flew away. I have mounted several Barn Owls, which were killed in this county. Of course the Screech Owl is numerous here, both red and gray. While trapping during the fall of 1916 I ran across a group of Owls, 12 or 1.5. They were gray with long ears, larger than the Screech Owl but not as large as the Barn Owl. They stayed around a high bank and in a tree covered by a grapevine, during the day time, remained several weeks then disappeared as suddenly as they had come. 1 am not certain what specie they belonged to, but I think THE OOLOGIST 33 they were the Long-eared Owl (Asio wilsonianus). Late last winter a man brought me an Arctic or Snowy Owl to mount, said he had found it in a fodder shock. This is the first one I have ever heard of in this county. Observed the first robin on the morning of March 5, 1918. They are always numerous here. As I am writ- ing this, a Robin is building his nest in an apple tree, not far from the house. C. B. Hasenyager. course was neither so large nor so deep as the home of that bird. S. S. Dickey. A Mountain Home of the Parula Warbler At Stone Valley which lies in a mountain fastness fourteen miles south of State College, Pennsylvania, I often met with the buzzing Parula Warblers. They selected the dense hemlocks and tall white pines as places of refuge, so that search as one pleased no nests were revealed. However, last June while studying wild life in western Huntingdon coun- ty I again was greeted by the queer buzzing notes of these little Warblers. A pair frequently sang in a cluster of hemlocks that grew on a small island out in a mountain stream. It seemed that the birds made regular trips up and down stream, visiting all the trees in regular order. Fortunately, while I was wading in the brook searching for salamanders, one of the Warblers flew briskly to a hemlock that leaned out over the water. In this tree the bird dis- appeared among the dense branches; but soon it flew out again and lit in a heap of brush along the streamside. Here it gathered bark strips, then re- visited the leaning hemlock. In a drooping branch I saw the Warbler weaving the material into its partly completed nest. The structure re- sembled an Oriole's abode, but of Congratulations, P. M. P. M. Silloway, well known to Oologist readers is the father of the young man named in the following clipping. It shows what a bird man's blood will do when given an opportun- ity. Private (first class) Ralph Silloway, Battery C, One Hundred and Twenty- fourth Field Artillery (A. S. No. 1378997.) For extraordinary heroism in action near Romagne, France, Nov. 13, 1918. During heavy enemy shell fire, when the other members of his section were all wounded or engaged in first aid work. Private Silloway alone served his piece and kept it fir- ing. Two days later, when the chief of his section was wounded. Private Silloway took command of the section and followed the barrage. Home ad- dress, P. M. Silloway, father, 404 Fre- donia avenue, Peoria, 111. — Peoria, 111. Journal, 1-15-19. Wisconsin Notes, 1918. Nov. 9th we saw near fifty Canada Geese in two flocks, go over toward the south. Six well fed cats on one farm did not make the birds plentiful, 000000000. Because one Crow steals an exposed egg, all Crows are necessarily bad, so one farmer's wife thinks, and no amount of arguing availed so the pooi- old Crow, the butt of much abuse is poisoned. Migration this season was so quiet and gradual that it was hardly notice- able. Many birds about here are chang- ing their nesting places owing to des- trustion of timber and clearing away 34 THE OOLOOIST brush, by farmers and trunk line and highway tree butchers. I promised sometime ago to tell the readers of the Oologist more about a certain rookery of the Black Crowned Night Heron. I went to visit them again this year in May and found them in fine condition, some sixty or more nests with eggs and young. They are located in a small piece of black oak timber not far from a farm res- idence. There is a possibility that 1 underrated the number of nests. My presence seemed to disturb them so much that I passed around the woods, rather than through, so cannot say if any one had in any way "shot up" or disturbed them. I cannot remember that I ever saw the Mourning Dove so plentiful as they are here in Iowa, on Cedar river. I wonder, if under proper, prolonged protection, they would not come to be as plentiful as the Passenger Pigeon, formerly were. It seems wonderful that under the circumstances many nests in one tree, the frail structure, and only one egg, that the pigeon could become so exceedingly plenti- ful as it did when other birds making better nests, and laying more eggs to a clutch did not become at all plenti- ful. Give the Dove protection, and bring them up to the standard of the Passenger Pigeon. Geo. W. H. Vos Burgh. The New Catalog. The need of a new catalog of values of North American Birds' Eggs, has long been apparent to those interested in this class of specimens. Now that the U. S. Government regulations per- mit the sale of these under necessary and proper regulations, the need be- comes greater. A number of leading oologisfs, at the suggestion of Rev. H. E. Wheeler of Conway, Ark., who wrote the com- munication published in the December Oologist, have determined to issue a new catalog and make it as reliable a mirror of the actual case value of eggs as is possible. The Editor has reviewed a very large number of com- munications volunteering assistance, in the preparation of this catalog since the December issue. We all know that in an undertaking of this kind that there must be a clash of interests, as well as a frater- nal feeling and determination to get together, and do as near as we know how the fair thing by all. It has oc- cured to us that the best way is to ap- point a committee of twenty-five of our best known collectors scattered over that United States and Canada to pass on the values. The manner of the ap- pointment of this committee is a most serious step, in the formation of the new catalog. If a non-representative committee is selected, or a committee that has some ax to grind, then better have no committee, and no catalog; for one, the product of such a com- mittee will receive scant recognition at the hands of the fraternity. On the other hand a list of values that really represents the combined judg- ment of this number of real oologists scatter equitably over the entire terri- tory to be covered will be invaluable to us all. It has occurred to the Editor of this publication that there is no fairer way to select this committee than to have it elected by the rank and file of the egg collectors themselves, rather than have it a sort of hand picked affair, no matter who might do the picking. But what should be the basis of rep- resentation has been the real stumb- ling block? After a good deal of thought we have concluded that the best way is to divide the membership tHE OOLOQISl' 35 of this committee, was to apportion it according to the number of sub- scribers to The Oologist based upon our subscription list, as the same is scattered over the country. In this way all parts of the country will be given representation, and given rep- resentation in proportion to the num- ber of actual active collectors there. This can best be shown by the sub- scription books of this magazine, be- cause about all of the active Oologists of North America are subscribers. In pursuance of this we have divid- ed the country into districts, and ap- portioned this committee to each dis- trict in proportion to the number of subscribers of The Oologist therein as follows : Pacific Coast, Area, Three Commit- teemen, from California, Oregon and Washington. Intra-Mountain, Area, Three Com- mitteemen, from Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming. Western Area, Three Committee- men, from Arkansas, Kansas, Minne- sota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Okla- homa, South Dakota, Texas. Central West area. Three Commit- teemen, from Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio and Wiscon- sin. Central East Area, Four Committee- men, from Deleware. Maryland, Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, New York, West Virginia. New England Area, Three Commit- teemen, from Connecticut, Maine, Mas- sachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut. Southern Area, Three Committee- men, from Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ten- nessee, Virginia. Canadian Area, Three Committee- men, from Canada. It must be distinctly understood that all Oologists have the right to vote for the full twenty-five members of the committee on values. But also that no vote for more than the num- ber to be elected for any of the sev- eral areas will be counted. To illus- trate, an Oologist from Illinois, may vote for three committeemen from each of the several areas, but not for more than the number to be selected from such areas, severally, and if he does vote for more than the number to be elected from any area the vote will be counted only for the first named up to the number to be elected. Please make out your votes at once upon the receipt of your February Oologist, and forward the same to Dr. B. R. Bales, of Circleville, Ohio, who has kindly written us that he will do anything he can to help the good work along, and we are sure that he will gladly count the votes and send us the result of the ballot to publish. When this committee is elected we will send to each one of them a list of North American Birds and each member can then place the price of each egg that he feels competent to price upon the list and return it to us and we will then submit these lists to a committee of three, to be elected by the committee of twenty-five who will harmonize the differences in the lists of the twenty-five upon such basis as they or the twenty-five shall determine best. We suggest that the committee of three shall be composed of men who are none of them members of the committee of twenty-five. This would make them a sort of supreme court of last resort. Finally we desire It distinctly under- stood that while the editor is willing to shoulder the expense and much of the detail occasioned by this under- taking, we will not accept election, nor serve upon either of the commit- THE OOLOGIST tees above referred to. This is partly because of a lack of time, and also because we desire this catalog to be entirely free from any taint of per- sonal supervision. It is well known that we purchase considerable num- bers of eggs and hence might be biased, also that we favor an actual cash price, not a ficticious one that will be cut in half every time a speci- man is sold, and one not high enough to encourage collecting by irrespon- sible persons as a commercial enter- prise? Not so many years ago we had offered to us three hundred eggs of the Robin, Bluebird, Wood Thrush, Chipping Sparrow, Catbird and Brown Thrush, that had been taken in one year by a boy "to sell," because he had found or got in some way a "Price List of North American Birds Eggs," in which these specimens were priced, when the reader knows that there never was a casli market for them at above a cent or so each. Now let us all put our shoulder to the wheel, and give and take and live, and let live, and compromise, and get out a real "AMERICAN OOLO- GISTS CATALOG OF NORTH AMER- ICON BIRDS EGGS. The Editor. Summer Tanager's Nest. I have seen and collected a large number of nests of this species of Tanager, and in ten cases out of ten, they invariably (liere in this locality) build their frail nest out about half way of a Post Oak limb on the aver- age of eight feet from the ground, and in all cases over a public road or path. While out in the woods on May 29th, 1916, 1 was strolling along a quiet little country road running through a pine belt, and stopped to fill up my old corn pipe, when all of a sudden I saw a male Summer Tanager fussing at me as though he had a nest around somewhere close to where I was standing. Well, my first thought was to find a Post Oak tree just over the road, then I would find the nest. But as 1 said before I was traveling through nothing but pine trees, and I knew good and well there was not an oak tree any where around this place, so I was puzzled as to where to start to looking for it, as I never found one in a pine tree, and so I never lost any time in looking in these trees. 1 knew very well there was a nest some where around, and 1 sat down in tlie shade and followed the male bird's actions. It was not very long before he flew down to the lowest limb on a good size pine tree. The. place where he lit looked dark as though a nest was there, so I proceeded to this limb and there I found a pretty, little frail nest. The female flew off of it, and and there 1 could see through the bottom a set of four eggs. Well, if there was ever a surprised person it was me, for I never in all my fifteen years of travel found one of these nests in any other tree except an oak tree. It's very unusual. Earl E. Moffat, Marshall, Texas. To Take Inaccessable Nests The following is in my mind, a very simple and perfect way of taking nests with eggs, which are placed far out of reach on branch at any height. 1 always carry in my collecting basket a piece of stiff wire, (telephone) 24 inches long, sharpened at both ends, fold it over so as to form a two pronged fork, bind this to my dead stick of required length. Tie this to tlie back of your belt, when climbing tree. With this my nest can be collect- ed in perfect shape. Last season I took an Olive Sided Flycatcher, over 100 feet up and impossible to be taken in any other way. Walter Burton, Victoria, B. C. THE OOLOGIST WANTED — Volumes 1 and 2 of Thorburn's British Birds. Very hand- some price will be paid for these two volumes. ANSEL B. MILLER, Springs, Pennsylvania. WANTED — American Ornithology Vol. \'l; Oologist Vol. XXVI, 1-2-4; Ornithol- ogist and Oologist Vol. XI; Various iiuml>er.s of Condor. Have duplicates of Journal Maine Ornithological Society; early Oologist; Ornithologist and Oolo- gist: Osprey; Nidiologist, etc. H. H. JOHNSON. Pittsfleld, Maine. FOR EXCHANGE — Sets 123a-5. One runt 373d-4, 486-4, 722an /6, 1918 col- lected. HENRY W. DAVIS, Box 844, Atlantic City, N. J. EXCHANGE — First class sets with data. Nothing back 1915. Would be glad to have your list and year collect, ed. HENRY W. DAVIS. Atlantic City, N. J. Box 844. EXCHANGE — A- sets of 364, 203, 352. Desire shore birds, especially 261, 281, 27 Ta. All letters answered. ERNEST K. SCHLEICHERT, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. WANTED — A. L. singles, small holes, 388; 387, 622e; several each. Old U. S. postage stamps, previous to 1890, either unused or A. I. used with small can- cellation. GEO. W. H. VOS BURGH, 56 Maple Ave., Columbus, Wis. EXCHANGE — I wish to exchange a few Nature pictures for the same, or for insects, cucoons. Will also sell or buy for cash. Wish to buy good com- pound microscope. What have you? Write. HUBERT R. WISWELL, West- brook, Minn. WANTED — A mounted Albino Squir- rel or skin suitable to mount. O. S. BIGGS. San Jose. 111. MISCELLAN-JOUS. FO RSALE — A High-class collection of Squirrels which I desire to dispose of before entering the American Army. E. H. HAMILTON. 614 Walnut St., Ver- sailles Boro, McKeesport, Pa. EXCHANGE — One Telescope. French make, three sliding joints, 14 1-2 in. long extended, 4 1-2 in. closed. Good for bird study. Will trade for sets. What can you offer? LEWIS LUNS- FORD. 27 N. Union St., Petersburg, Va. I''<)U SALE — Loggerhead Sea turtle, ICmbryos and hatched turtles, mix.. 1 stages $3.00 dozen, small Octopus $1.0o each. Other Maine specimens collected from Florida tliis past summer. II. .\ITKEN. Gen. Del., Philadelphia, Pa. EXPFUT I'MELD NATUUALIS'I' COL- LECTOU^Would travel in South Amer- ica, Central America. West Indies or Eastern Countries. Expert in prepara- tion of hirge and small mammal and Bird .Skins. Would collect in branch«s of MamiiiMloge, Ornithology, Concholo- ge. Entomology and Botany for Private Collector or Institution. Parties mean- ing business address JOHN W. DAN- IELS. Jr., Western State Hospital, Staunton, Va. EXCHANGE— Funston Perfect (animal) Smoker, 20 Onedia Jump Traps (new), eggs in sets. Want eggs in sets and singles. LYLE D. MILLER. E. Claridon. Ohio. FOR SALE— Live pupae of moths and but- terflies. Price-list on application, for de- livery November 1, 1918. Also entomologi- cal supplies of all kinds, LOUIS S. KOH- LKR, 47 Wagner Place. Hawthorne, N. J. FOR SALE — Two handsome Virginia Red Cedar cabinets suitable for eggs or skins. Also one smaller Walnut Cabi- net, cheap. WHARTON RUBER, Gwy- nedd Valley, Pa. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE:— No. 3 Bulls eye Eastman Kodak, new and in good condi- tion. Ask 15.00, cost $9.00. Send offers of ex- change. JOHNSON NEFF. Marionville, Mo. PERSONAL— Would like to become ac- quainted with active Oologist in New York City. Westchester Co., or nearby, with view to expeditions next spring. L. C. S. please write. RAYMOND FULLER, White Plains. N. Y.. R. F. D. No. 1. FOR EXCHANGE -Large showy India moths. Atacus Atlas. Antheraea Pernyi. Actias selene. Caligula cachara. (.Selene lyna Hybrid) Also many natives. Want A No. 1 set of 288, 364. A. J. POTTER, East Killingly. Conn. Who has skins or mounted fox squirrels, colors. Black, White, Gray, Black Yellow, Black; Cinnamon mixed with black or pure white squirrels. EARL HAMILTON, Ver- sailles, Boro., McKeesport, Pa. The Oologist is the best medium of ex- change for Oologists Ornithologists etc., in the entire U. S. I Wfint to get into touch with >'oung i-ollcetor in tlie Ozart region for the coming summer's collecting. JOHNSON .\'101''1'\ Marionsville. Mo. won EXCHANGE — One fine CONLEY 4.\5 Plate Camera, 17 inch Bellows. .Vdopted for close up Nature Study. Want good 25-20 or 32-20 RIFLE, or I'ooks on OOLOOY. E.\UL MOFFET, .MiLrshall. 'I'exas. BOOKS WANHMOD— Orchid.s of New ICnglanil. li.v lialdwin: Our Native Oicliids. ))>■ (iihson: l<"'erns of North \meric;i 1)\' lOaton. Please stale price. II. MOUSLFV, Hatle>-, (.,»ii..l)ec. I-H. WAN'l'EI) — One I!. \- L. Model (\ dou- hle Dissol\ing Lens. New or second li iiid stereopticon Machine in exchange for personally collected specim<-. Cone ho logy, lOiieomolog.N-, and P.otany for private colh'cloi- or an Institution. Parties meaning l)usiness please address JOHN W. DANIIOLS. Jr.. Western S)at<> Ilos- pit;il. Staunton, Xa. vi THE OOLOaiST THE CONDOR A Nagazine of Western Ornithology Published Bi-monthly by the Coipar Ornithological Club of California Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry 8. Swarth "The Oondor" is strictly scientific but edited in such a way that a be- ginner of "Bird Study" can easily un- derstand it. The articles in "The Oondor" are written by the leading OrnithologlstB of the United States and are illustrated by the highest quality of half tones. Our subscription rates are $1.60 per year in the United States and $1.76 in a Foreign coun- try. Sample Copy 30c. Address W. LEE CHANBERS, Bus. Manager, Eagle Rock. Los Angeles, Cal. READ "Blue-Bird" Published in co-operation with the Cleveland Bird-Lovers' Association, and devoted to Bird Study and Conservation 1 1. 50 a Year 15 Cents a Copy AGENTS WANTED NO FREE COPIES Address EDITOR BLUE-BIRD, Dept. R. 1010 Euclid Ave. CLEVELAND, OHIO The Bruce Museum of History, Science and Art Wishes to correspoud with reliable men possessing collections of Nortli American Birds, Eggs or Mammals, particularly of the New England States. Only Mounted material will be considered and this only if it bears full data. Nothing will be considered that is not up to the standard of this Museum. That means perfect specimens, perfectly mounted. - - - Any reliable man who wishes to dispose of his col- lection for a moderate amount of cash would do us a favor by corresponding with us. Anyone who wishes to make gifts to this Museum, may know that they will be deeply appreciated. BRUCE MEMORIAL MUSEUM Greenwich, Connecticut Paul G. Howes - - - Assistant Curator The OoLOGiST. BIRDS-NESTS-EGGS TAXIDBRMV Vol. XXXVI. No. 3. ALBION, N. Y., Mar. 1, 1919. Whole No. 380 Col Roosevelt, Pres., M. L. Alexander and game warden examining eggs of Royal Tern. — Photo by Stanley Clisby Arthur. the: oologist brie:f special, anivouncemeivts Wanted. Exchang-e, For Sale, Etc.. inserted In this department at 25 Gents fi)r eacli 25 word.s for one issue; eaeli additional word 1 cent. No notice in- .■iip^l liic Ipss tiian 25 cents. We will advertise the skins, nests, eg-gs. or mounted specimens of North Amer- ican Birds for sale for persons having a lawful authority under the law to deal in the same. These columns are for the use of those desiring to make bona fide exchanges of such specimens for scientific collecting purposes only. — EDITOR. m answering advertisements in these columns mention "The Oologist," and thereby help us, as well as the advertiser and yourself. BIRDS EGGS. In sendiDK in your exchiiuKe notlvrN for DONtN, iskins :ind esss, v\'e ^vonld ap- preciate it if .V01I vronld arninse the nuniernis in ymir exchange netlce In their nninerionl order, and not tomhle I hem together lilt and nii.^ in full with terms. Dr. M. T. CLECKLEY, Augus- ta. Ga. FOR EXCHAN(;E— Following Alset.«. with data 15, 2-1, 105 1-1, 105 1-2-1, Silb 2-3, 486 1-4. 375d 1-2. 617 1-5, 68Jb 1-3. and others, for sets needed in my collection. C. BADGER. Santa Paula, Calif. FOR SALE -A tine white oak cabinet suit- able for birds, nesis. eggs, or other natural history specimens. Contains 20 adjustable drawers. Details upon request. S.S.DICK- EY. 212 East Maiden St., Washington, Pa. Mounted liirds to exchange for eggs in full sets. J. C. HALL, 1420 .Marlowe Ave., Lake- wood, O. WANTED-Set of all kinds, common and rai e. containing one or more eggs of any kind of Cow bird. Good sets offered in exchange. J. H, BOWLES, The Woodstock, Tacoma, Wash. WANTED-One set of eggs of each of the following birds, together with original nest: Scarlet Tanager, Indigo Bunting. Gold Finch. KARL W. KAHMANN, Taxidermist. Lin- coln Ave.. Chicago. III. WANTED-A-I sets of all birds, also sets with Cowbird eggs. Must have full data. Can exchange .\-l shells or cash. Write what you have, stating value. HARRY L. SEM- LER, City Carrier No. 3, Lexington, Mo. CORRESPONDENCE DESIRED WITH COLLECTORS WHO CAN SUPPLY THE FOLLOWING WANTS: - 293a-294-300a-300b- 311-332-336- 337-337b- 373e-377-4I4- 420-467-483-501a- 501b 501c- 507-509- 511a- 5l3a-602- 619-627a- 628-630- 633.1-648-671-687. Rev. H. E. WHEELER. Conway, Ark. WANTED — A 1st class, well marked set of 4 or 5 white tailed Kite with full and original data. B. S. FRIFFIN, 22 Currier St., Haverhill, Mass. FOR EXCHANGE — Mounted Birds, skins and eggs in sets. Want birds, skins and eggs in sets. Send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811 Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich. We are headquarters for such choice stuff as Raven, Yellow-billed Magpie, Santa Cruz Island Jay, Prairie Falcon, Snowy Plover (with nest). Pacific Horned Owl, Vaux Swift, Black Swift, Golden Pileolated Warbler, and scores of others. We desire in excnange excep- tional nest-and-egg material of every description, especially foreign If well niithentieated. "A drawer to a species" is out motto. 400 drawers installed. V'isiting oologists always welcome. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE OOLOGY. William Leon Dawson, Director, Santa Barbara, Calif. WANTED — Entire collections of eggs, also eggs of Rare North American Birds. R. M. BARNES, Lacon, 111. FOR S.VLEOologists Tools and Supplies. Bird Books and magazines. BENJAMIN HOAG. (iarHeld, \. Y. IV tHE OOLOGIST \ BOOKS. WANTED — Britton & Brown Illus- trated Flora in three volumes. State edition, condition of books and best cash price. F. E. FORD, Chardon, O. THE WARBLER — Second series. Seven volumes complete, $3.50 post paid. Very few full sets left. Volume 1 and 2, witli a dozen exquisite colored plates of rare birds eggs, is in good supply, and tlie two volumes will be mailed for $1.00. J. L. CHILDS, Floral Park, N. Y. WANTED - Osprey, Vol. IV No. 3 and index: New Series, Vol. I No. 4, 5, 7. FOR EXCHANGE or Sale Cheap. Some early volumes and single copies of Oologist, many Nos, of Bird Lore, Museum, a few copies of Osprey. JOHN WILLIAMS, Iowa City. Iowa. R. 9. """t^^ANTBD — Vol. I and Vol III of Ridgway's Birds of North and Middle America. Can offer Vol. V and $1.50 for either vol. and cash for the other. W. C. HANNA, Colton, California. FOR SALE- Auks 4 Vol. 1894 to 97. Vols. 11-12-13-14 for cash. R. E. CASE. Avon, Conn. FOR SALE -Bird Lore. five volumes, year 1913-1917, one dollar per volume, carriage extra H. MOUSLEY, Hatley. P. Quebec. WANTED FOR CASH-The Condor Vols 1-9 inch. Bird Lore Vols. 1 and 2 incl.. Nos. 1 and 2 of Vol. 3; No. 1 of Vol. 7; The Oologist of Utica. N. Y. Vols 1-5 inc. and its continuation. The Oruitho>ogist and Oologist Vols. B-8 incl. B, F. BOLT. 1421 Prospect Ave., Kansas City. Mo. WANT— Forcashor exchange, many Issues of Oologist. ( )sprey, etc.. also Birds of Wash- ington, D. C. and vicinity, hy Mrs. L. W. Maynard. RALPH W.JACKSON, H. No. 1. Cambridge, Md. For SALE— Vo1s4-5-6-7 of Exploration and Surveys for the Pacific Railroad, 1853-1856. The books are bound and in good condition. What am I offered. (JKO. E. OSrEKHOUT, Windsor, Colorado. WANTED — Back numbers of many amateur bird publications. List of de- siderate sent to anyone having any- thing in this line for sale or exchange. Also have many numbers of Auk, Con- dor, Bird Lore, O. & C, Oologist, Bull. Cooper Club, etc. to exchange. A. C. BENT, Taunton, Mass. Frank L. Burns' Bibliography of scarce or out of print North American Amateur and Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c. R. M. BARNES. Lacon. 111. FOR EXCHANGE — Osprey Vol. I, II, III, IV and v.. New Series No. 7 & 2. Condor, Vol. VI & No. 1 of Vol. VII. "Wilson Bulletin No. 69. Birds & Nature, Vol XIII. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5. Vol. IXV, No. 1; Birds Vol. II, No. 5 and 6. Auk, Vol. XXIV and No. 3 of Vol. XXV. Birds of Wyoming, Birds of Iowa. These will be exchanged or sold only as a whole for best cash offer or extra good sets. W. H. BINGAMAN, Algona, Iowa. EXCHANGE— Large number of Oologists and other bird magazines. A few sets nicely prepared of common land birds. Part VII "Birds of North and Middle America" for other parts of same work. Want many issues of Oologist. Osprey etc., for cash or exchange. Also "Birds of Washington, D. C. and vicinity by Mrs. L. W. Maynard. RALPH W. JACKSON, Cambridge, Route 1, Maryland. WANTED — July, 1908, and January, 1911, numbers of The Auk. State price, or can offer a few personally taken sets of eggs. HAROLD M. HOLLAND, Gales- burg, 111. W^ANTED — Baird Brewer & Ridg- ways Water Birds. Thompson's By- ways & Bird Notes. Bird Lore, Vols. 1-15 inclusive. W. D. RICHARDSON, 4215 Prairie Ave. Chicago, 2-3t WANTED — Oologist Vol. Ill No. 2; Vols. IV, V, VI; Vol. IX, No. 11; Vol. XVI, No. 3. "Birds of Essex County, iwass.' ; "Putnam Catalog of the Birds of Connecticut," by Linsey; "Familiar Science and Fanciers Journal," Vols. 5 and 6. HARRY S. HATHAWAY, Box 1466, Providence, R. I. EXCHANGE NOTICE — The Oologist for 1913 with September No. missing; for 1914 complete; 1915 complete; 1916 with October and December missing; for National Geographic Magazines, Skins for mounting or large single eggs. Can furnish fresh skins of Black & Tur- key Vultures for others. J. J. WIRZ, 16 il Broad St., Augusta, Ga. WANTED — Good prices paid for the following following magazines: The Oologist, Januy and Feby 1887; April 1SS9; also Nos. 232, 266, 270, 300. The Osprey, Vol. 3, Nos. 9 & 10; Vol. V, Nos. 5 & 7. New Series Nos. 4 & 7; Nidiolo- gist, Vol. I, Nos. 3, 5, 6; Wilson Bulletin Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 82. 84, 92, 95, 96, 97 and all old U. S. Stamps before 1870, singles, pairs, strips, also on the covers, must be in fine condition. LAUREN TREMP- FER, 136 N. Dewey St., Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED — Oologist of Utica, N. Y., Vols. 1-5; Ornithologist and Oologist Vol. 6, numbers 8, 10, 11, index and title page; Vol. 7, index and title page; Vol. N, numbers 4, 11, 12, index and title page. Nidiologist, Vol 1, numbers 1 and 2. Osprey, Vol. 1, numbers 2, 4 and 6; and otlier discontinued ornithological magazines. Will pay reasonable prices. FOR EXCHANGE — Ornithologist and Oologist volumes 15 and 16 complete, and several numbers of Volumes 9-14. Bird Lore Vol 1, numbers 1, 5 and 6; Vol. 2, numbers 1, 4 and 6; Vol. 3, num- bers 5 and 6; Vol. 4, numbers 1, 2 and 6; Vol 5, number 5; Vol. 6, number 6; Vol. 7, number 2; Volumes 13 and 16 com- plete. Osprey Vol 2, numbers 1, 3, 6 and 7, Vol. 3, number 1. Bendire's Life Histories, Vol. 1; Nel- son's Natural History Collections Made in Alaska; Turner's Contributions to the Natural History of Alaska; For- bush's Useful Birds and their Protec- tion. R. W. WILLIAMS, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. The OoLOGisT. Vol. XXXVI. No. 3 Albion, N. Y., Mar. 1, 1919. Whole No. 880 Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N. Y., and Lacon, III. TAKE NOTICE. SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR Examine the number on the wrapper of your Oologist. It denotes the time your sub- scription expires. Remember we must be notified if you wish it discontinued and all arrearages must be paid. 378 your subscription expires with this issue. 377 your subscrip- tion expired with December issue 1918. Other expirations can be computed by intermediate numbers at the rate of one number per month. Entered as second-class matter December 21. 1903, at the post office al Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. m m 0. m SPRING Spring is here ! Spring to the bird lover, tlie bird student and collector, means more than to almost any one else. That is the time of the year when his old friends return. The birds and their songs, the flowers, the leaves, all are the friends and intimate acquaintances of tlie true bird man. In the woods, on the prairies, on the waters, in the skies, even in the earth, his feathered friends are calling, — call- ing to come, and learn of their mysterious ways and to in- sjject their homes. To look, to see, to marvel. What wond- ers the Great Creator lias wrought through our friends. Go, my friends, to the woods, to tlie sparkling waters. Look into the skies, and dig into the ground, and see and learn of the mysterious doings of tliis great family of God's creatures. You will be better for it both in body and mind. Then con e and tell us all what you have found and learned, through the columns of our little "Oologist". — Editor. S^ 38 THE OOLOGIST Around Red Lake in a Launch By Elmer Langevin Part II We camped on the McMahon the next day and another night; fished out in the lake along the shores, down the river; stripped our boat of its load and the top; romped in her on the tops of the largest waves we could find; and like two kids that we were had the time of our lives. We hunted swamp birds, found a colony of yel- low headed black birds, and an occa- sional red wing, heard the noisy clat- ter of the long-billed marsh wren and the loud sonorous call of the sora rail. We thought and still believe we discovered a Virginia rail although it was extremely hard to get a look at it with our field glasses. Its call was different and it seemed smaller than the more common sora. The flight of the black tern was on every hand and away out over the lake an occasional larger member of the gull family could be seen, probably a common tern. We thought it strange but in all our trip and now about the lake we did not see a single American coot. The next forenoon saw us camped at the narrows. If you will take your map, you will see that Red Lake is made up of two large lobes like the figure eight, the north one beins known as the Upper or North Lake and the lower one as the Lower or South Lake. Where these two lakej join it is comparatively narrow, the distance from the West point to the East point being but a mile and a half. These points are long sand spits extending out into the waters, lashed by the waves of both lakes, en- tirely barren for a distance of half a mile or more, especially the west point on which we were now camped, for upon leaving the outlet we had headed west and north. This was a delightful place to camp, so much to explore, fishing good, bathing un- excelled and the wind having changed was bringing the waves in mighty breakers down from the Upper Lake onto this north shore of this spit of sand while the south shore where we were now camped further down behind some sheltering trees was calm and still. We surprised a colony of herring gulls which makes its home there at the narrows. There must have been some sixty to seventy- five in the fiock, graceful creatures, who loved these two points because here they could get the breeze in whatever direction the wind blew or find quiet waters as they chose. We tried several snap shots of them. That afternoon we bathed, hurried ourselves in the sands of the beach, ran wild in the breakers of the North Lake, visited the East point by boat, did a washing in the sand — did you ever try to wash clothes in clean white sand and cold water of a lake? It works fine. We hung our washing in the trees to dry and when we left forgot it, much to our chagrin. Towards dusk which in this northern latitude does not until about 9 or 9:30 p. m. at this time of the year, we arranged our boat at the waters edge for the night, made our bed, secured the mosquito net and some of the side curtains, lit the head light of the boat, a calcium carbide light, and directed its rays within, and there all alone in a wilderness of water and wild life, we enjoyed life as only lovers of the wild can enjoy it and mingled with this joy the joy of music. We had taken our instruments, a cornet and a saxaphone, along with us and with the gulls at roost on the point for an audience, we played a concert to the tune of the hungry mosquito which danced against out net in the glare of the calcium light, until weary, we sank to rest and dreamed dreams of The oologist the free of spirit, the inhabitant of the open air, the cliildren of nature. The next morning saw us up with tlie sun for we were trying to run on schedule time; that is we planned at the outset to have made the trip up tlie river and around the sliore line of both lakes back to the Agency on the south Short of the Lower Lake by Sunday. The day was Thursday and we wished to make a couple of stops yet during the balance of the trip. The wind was still pounding the waves in heavy breakers on the shores of the North Lake coming from the north and sweeping the en- tire width of its surface. We were little frightened for we had matched our little craft against their power the day before. After rounding the point our direction was due west and we were running in the troughs of these mighty waves so had to zigzag our boat and take every wave at an angle to avoid shipping water. We were in no danger of life, only of get- ting a good soaking and being de- layed a day for drying out. It was genuine sport to match our powers with that of nature. All was going well. We knew that in the course of a short time we would be rounding the west end and driving our boat head on against the waves approaching with each revolution of the propeller the quiet waters in the lea of the North shore. Of a sudden the engine bore down heavy. From the past few days experience we knew only too well that we were among weeds. We were about three blocks from shore. Nature had scored a point. We jumped to the paddles, headed the prow to the wind, and allowed the boat to drift stern on toward shore. When within two hundred feet one jumped over board waist deep, cut lose the weed 5 and held the boat into the wind, while the other started the engine. We again pulled out into the lake sound- ing bottom with our boat pole as we went. It was then that we became first acquainted with the shallowness of the North Lake. The water re- mained waist deep as far as we went. We, however, headed a little toward shore always staying far enough out to avoid the weeds and yet among the scattering bull rushes. But say, it was glorious battling among the wind and the waves. Duck Hawk Notes I wonder if any Duck Hawk eggs were ever taken that did not leave a memory in the mind of the collector never to be effaced. My experience with them has been mainly limited to one pair of birds, but every incident connected with the taking of every set they supplied me with, nine in all, is as clearly impressed on my mind as if it were only yesterday, although my first set was taken as far back as 1901 To some Oologist readers, as they glance over this, may come the vision of some stupendous cliff, where, from some little corner on it's rocky side their first set was taken, perhaps at peril of life or limb. To many more, perhaps, may come the wish that some day their wandering footsteps may lead them in pleasant (Duck- hawk) places; and so perhaps a nar- rative of the nesting of one pair of the birds may not prove uninteresting. Our race of the Duck (Falco pere- grinus anatum) seems to be pretty well distributed over North America. In most localities very rare; common nowhere. Perhaps we, in this little corner of the world are as well favored with them as anywhere, yet even with such ardent collectors as Dixon and Carpenter on the job we have only found five pair nesting in a radius of twenty-five miles. 40 THE OOLOaiST Duck Hawks, like the Eagles, seem to have their own hunting grounds, and while they may wander away a little during the fall and winter, in nesting season they stay pretty close to home, and when once well established in a locality only absolute destruction will eliminate them. Taking the eggs seems to be a temporary incon- venience only, and when one bird is killed another seems to be readily forth coming to take its place. While they may change the nesting site from one suitable ledge to another on the same cliff or even to go to another cliff a mile or so away, they never leave the locality altogether, and, like the Eagles, sooner or later return to the old nesting site. My birds had inhabited the same great cliff for many years before 1 ever heard of them, and it was not until 1900, several years after I did hear of them, that I was able to really make their acquaintance, which prov- ed a most interesting one and lasted for many years. This cliff was about ten miles from my home and one love- ly spring day I got after them, about three weeks too late, as it proved. It is as clear to me now as if it were only yesterday instead of eighteen years ago. The steep hills rising abruptly from the boulder-fllled canon; on one side the hills nearly bare with round boulders and smooth rock sur- faces, from which the soil had washed away, running nearly to the top of the hill; and on the other side the lower slopes brush-covered and oak trees for a way and then the cliff, rising sheer and straight for hundreds of feet and nothing but the steel-blue sky beyond. From the boulders ahead of me came the cheerful trill of a Dotted Canon Wren, resting for a moment from its seemingly endless searching of the nooks and crannies of the rocks. On the top of an enor- mous water-worn boulder a Black Phoebe kept me in view, darting off, now and then, on some entomological quest over the water of a quiet pool in the shadow of the rock, where a couple of turtles were dozing near the bank with their noses out of water. Under the rock in a little cool archway, where another great boulder leaned across, was the Phoebe's nest, well up above my reach. A pair of Buzzards sailed slow- ly up the canon, the long outer flight feathers spread apart like fingers. Then, suddenly, from far up on the cliff came a long drawn out, penetrat- ing cry, like the wail of a lost soul, which, after a minute, was repeated twice. Then, in a few minutes came an answer from the upper part of the canon, shorter, less penetrating, and a sort of barking cry that sounded exactly like the quacking of a duck, (a cry that I never have heard these birds give since) and then the bird came in like a blue streak and lit on a small projecting shelf about two- thirds up the cliff, in a position that looked from below to be inaccessible. Then from another place, seemingly above and to one side, came a series of short yelps that could mean only one thing, nearly full grown and very hungry young. It was very hot in the canon between the hills, but very pleasant to sit in the shade of the Phoebe's rock watching the White- throated Swifts darting with incred- ible speed to their nesting crevices in the rocky wall and speculating as to the best means of getting to them and to the Duck Hawk's ledge if she should go back to the same place again, but it was a vain speculation, for I never yet go to the Swifts nests and it was eight years before the Duck Hawk nested in that spot again. The next season, 1901, she chose a place near the bottom of the cliff and tHK OOLOaiSt 41 the easiest of access of any place she ever occupied, and on April 14th I took my first set of three. The ledge, or shelf, was about ten or twelve feet long. Starting with a width of a few inches at the outer end it gradually widened to a little over two feet at the inner, where it butted up against the cliff. It was covered with dirt and sand washed down from above but was bare of all vegetation. It had evidently been used many times as a nesting site for there were three saucer-like depressions in the sand, the outer one about five inches wide and an inch deep and the other two slightly deeper. The eggs were in the nearest of the three. This was the only nesting place these birds have been found in where anything ap- proaching a nest or a nesting hollow was in evidence, in all other cases the eggs were laid on the bare ground. The surface of the shelf was well sprinkled with bones and skulls of small mammals and a few small birds skulls. In 1902 there was grass growing on the shelf and the birds went to another site which I did not have time to locate. In 1903 they chose another ledge, some 50 feet directly above the first, a similar but wider shelf, wholly bare of sand or dirt but well sprinkled with bones and skulls as evidence of fre- quent occupancy. Although this was taken only five days later in the season than my first set, which were fresh, one of the eggs was far ad- vanced in incubation, the other two being infertile. It is not usual to find infertile eggs in the nests of the large raptores and these might be accounted for by the possibility of their having been ex- posed and chilled during a heavy rain before the third egg had been laid. It took 125 feet of rope to reach the ledge. In the inner corner, where it joined the rock wall, a large slab of rock stood, nearly vertical in position, having probably slid down from above; this extended out about four feet on the ledge and to a few inches from the edge, leaving a crevice behind. As I slid down over this I was greeted with a warm welcome, vocal and in- strumental, by a large rattlesnake, that had, the same designs on the ledge, probably, that I had myself and resented my intrusion. I told him to "Shut up" which he (or she) prompt- ly did and crawled in behind the rock, while I sat down in front of it and packed up, with the rattles going all the while like a buzz-saw, and when I climbed over the rock going up he bade me a very vociferous farewell. There are lots of snakes round that ledge but no one would expect to find one over a hundred feet down a cliff- side. What is it that King Solomon said about the ways of a serpent on a rock? There is one very good thing about rattlers; they are never looking for trouble. I wasn't myself just then so we parted the best of friends. In 1904 my birds went back to the first nesting place where I got a fine set of four. This was nineteen days earlier than the year before. Three eggs far advanced, one infertile. These two places were the only places occupied on the cliff where it was possible to look into the nest from above, which, as may well be believed, is a great convenience. In 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909 and 1910 eggs were taken from a very well pro- tected, overhung shelf, about 75 feet down, easy of access with a rope and not impossible without, though the ex- treme looseness of the gravelly soil and the almost vertical slope makes it a bit uncertain. This shelf was about two feet by three, triangular in shape and bare of 42 THE OOLOGIS'r vegetation except for a few weeds growing from a crevice at the back where a little soil had blown in. A liberal supply of bones and some gravel from above covered the bare rock. In 1908, by rolling rocks over the edge I scared one of the birds off another ledge, which proved to be the same one where the incoming bird lit on my first visit to the canon. (The last described location was where she raised her young that year). This proved to be the most inaccessible of any places chosen yet, though only 60 feet. down. There were two overhang- ing ledges with sloping tops and it was impossible to see the eggs on the third ledge until one was almost standing in the nest. That climb took more skin off my hands than any rock climb I ever attempted, but the beauti- ful set of three well repaid me. In 1909, six weeks after the first set was taken, another new nesting place was located about 200 feet away, but the three eggs it contained appeared to be pretty far along in incubation and as the birds had already "done their bit" they were not disturbed. No eggs have been taken by me from these birds since 1910, nor, as far as I know, by anyone, except in 1913, when a set was taken of which I have no data. Some time in the winter of 1913-14 a pair of Eagles came back to the canon, reoccupying nests that long antedated my first Duck Hawk, and though the latter birds still come round they have not nested in the canon since, and we have not yet been able to relocate them. Of all the birds with which I have had dealings, these Duck Hawks, or, at least, one of them was the most ag- gressive bird I ever saw. Whenever anyone was near the nest one bird would generally sit up on a bench.. would generally sit up on a high rock nearby and say very impolite things in a tone of voice that must have been very far-reaching, for, in a few minutes there would be a rush of wings and the other bird would come, a blue streak, whizzing down the canon like a bullet, so close one could feel the air from it's wings, then turn and come back again and keep it up as long as one were near the nest. On the ledge with the snake that day the bird actually struck me with it's wing as it passed, knocking my cap off, and at each rust I full expect- ed to feel it's sharp claws in my back, which would not have been so pleas- ant, a couple of hundred feet up in the air. One day I watched the pair chase a big male Red Tail into a tree and keep him there. He was so scared he would not leave the tree for over an hour after the Duck Hawks had gone away. There were several pairs of Barn Owls nesting in the holes in the cliff and one pair of Pacific Horn- ed Owls. Ordinarily the Hawks would not bother them, but they evidently saw red when their nests were dis- turbed and then the Owls and the Buzzards all hunted their holes. I saw one unfortunate Horned Owl take a nose dive to the bottom of the canon one day shy a good many of it's feathers and the Buzzards all went out of the canon faster than they seemed to want to. The nesting dates vary somewhat, according to the nature of the season. Wet late springs retarding. I have taken fresh eggs on March 24, April 9, April 11 and April 14. Incubation commenced on April 4. Advanced on April 10, April 19. Far advanced on April 8, April 10, also May 13, second set, probably ad- vanced. The young birds heard on my first THE OOLOGIST visit to the canon must have been two thirds grown when I heard them, from the noise they made, and that was on April 14th. The normal number of eggs of this pair of birds would appear to be four. I have taken 9 sets in all; four of four eggs and five of three. But of those five only one showed signs of incuba- tion. In all probability a day or so of delay in visiting the nests would have meant another egg in four out of the five sets. Tlie second set of 1909 liad three only and was doubtless com- plete. The set of three of 1903 con- taining one advanced and two infertile eggs was also doubtless complete. Five sets of the nine taken are now in my collection. Seventeen eggs in all. The average measurement of them all is 2.09 by 1.66. The largest egg being 2.14 by 1.70. The smallest 1.99 by 1.65. The five sets average 2.12 by 1.63 (3 eggs) 2.01 by 1.65 (3 eggs 2.10 by 1.64 (3 eggs) 2.11 by 1.67 (4 eggs) 2.10 by 1.69 (4 eggs). All these eggs are pretty much of the same shape, marking and ground color, which is the dark form. Some, taken before they had been incubated at all are of the beautiful cherry shade that so soon fades in the light and with incubation. The latest taken eggs appear to be rather lighter in shade than those taken earlier, and to be of sliglitly different shape, being more obtuse at the smal- ler end. The greatest departure from normal shape is in set No. 6 where there is one egg which measures 2.17 by 1.64, tlie others being very close to normal. C. S. Sharp, Escondido, Cal. In the Haunts of the Duck Hawk By S. S. Dickey, Washington, Pa. Having heard much of the Duck Hawk from naturalists who liave had a first hand knowledge of the species, it lias for some time been my desire to see the birds in their native haunts. And, as witli all else in which the mind of man loves to become ab- sorbed, ornithology falls in line with the maxim, "it's the unexpected that happens." If such were not so I dare say we who study the birds should miss much of the joy in pursuit of such pastime. During June of the present year I spent a week-end in the mountains of central Pennsylvania and stayed at the home of an experienced hunter who knows that part of the country thoroughly. In talking with him con- cerning the birds of the region I in- quired if the raven had been seen in his neighborhod, and he replied that only a few years ago he had seen a nest of this bird on a rocky craig two miles across the mountain that lies behind his house. The hunter gave me instructions as to how I might reach the bluff and his young son and I set off along the path. The day was clear and warm and birds sang all about us, — Parula Warblers, Blackburians, Black-throat- ed Greens, Black, and Wliites and otliers, — but I could not linger long with tliem, even though I had a desire to do so. Soon we descended the far side of the ridge and came to a narrow road which lay at the base of the mountain and extended beside the rushing waters of the Juniata river. Here and there rocky cliffs and lichen-covered crags jutted out froni the dense foliage of tlie hemlocks and occasional white-washed areas from the droppings of some bird could be distinctly seen in the distance. But as we had not yet found a cliff high enough to meet the descriptions of the hunter we kept on down the road until we emerged from the denser for- est growth and entered a little clear- M THE OOLOGIST ing where a saw-mill had done its work of devastation. From this open- ing a general view of the steep mount- ain side was had and it revealed a jagged, rocky cliff towering some three hundred feet above us. This we decided must be the place we were looking for, and I started to ascend the rocks. No sooner had I reached the lower shelvings of the bluff than the strange cries of a bird caused me to glance out over the river far below, and there I at once recognized my first Duck Hawk. It circled and dart- ed about, apparently much distressed at my intrusion on its long cherished abode. Soon it was joined by its mate and together they sailed about in the usual falcon maneuvers, which so much reminded me of certain actions of the little Sparrow Hawk. Earth had accumulated for years in the cracks and crevices of the cliff and a few scraggly hemlocks and low black birches had sunk their tangled roots beneath this soil. By grasping hold of these I pulled myself from shelf to shelf until I reached the high- er point of rocks. Here I felt sure the falcons had their nest, for numer- ous feathers and bones were strewn upon the rocks and white washed patches of rock extended below the crannies. But certain crevices that lay beneath protruding shelves were inaccessible to one without a rope. Thus I gave up the search and paused a while to watch the circling, scream- ing birds until they vanished across the mountain ridge which lay over the river. Then they were seen no more. Upon my return to the hunter's home I asked him if he had ever seen these "rock hawks" near the cliff and he told me they had been there ever since he was a little boy. He and some neighbor men had at various times visited the nest, which he said was in a crevice beneath a projecting ledge at the extreme point of the bluff, and had taken the young birds. Just last spring his brother had secured two young Falcons which he was attempting to raise at home. Ac- cording to his tale there were never more than three and sometimes only two young. To his knowledge no or- nithologists had visited the nest and few persons knew of its location. This then is undoubtedly an isolat- ed pair of duck hawks which the Pennsylvania ornithologists have never located. It is my desire to visit the place next spring and find the nest and examine the eggs, and if good luck favors me I shall have more to say concerning this wary falcon. The Broad-Wing Hawk The broad-wing hawk although not common, is not know to East Texas. They do not frequent the more settled portions as do the Red Shoulder, and the Coopers Hawk, but are seen more often in the bottoms and wooded dis- tricts and usually at a great distance from human habitation. The Broad-Wing starts mating and nest building about the last part of February and finish laying before the middle of March. Their nests are large structures, usually in the fork of an Oak and range from thirty to sixty feet from the ground; they are made of course twigs and lined with green leaves, usually pine straw. The eggs, which as a rule are three in number, average slightly larger than those of the Red-Shoulder. These birds are very wild and leave the nest when the tree is "tapped" and circle high above the nest while the nest is being examined or the eggs collected. The Broad-Wing, along with the rest of the Hawk family, is very much persecuted by farmers and hunters, THE OOLOGIST 45 who say that the Hawks eat chickens and game birds, which is true to a small extent. However the chief food of this bird (around here) is cray ftsh which they catch in the shallow ponds and streams, and field mice, and oc- casionally a small bird or cTiicken; but on the whole they are beneficial birds and should be protected by law and custom. Out of ten nests of this species ex- amined in the last three years, in about half of them I have found the limbs around the nest scarred with shot, where the nests had been shot at to break the eggs or kill the young birds, but in only one case have I ever seen any damage done and then only one egg was broken. This is due to the great thickness of the nests. DeLoach Martin. Notes on the Food of Certain Birds of Prey By J. H. Bowles, Tacoma, Wash. For many years past I have been much interested in the study of the food and feeding habits of the birds of prey occuring in the state of Wash- ington, keeping a careful table of the contents of all stomachs examined. It would take up too much space to give a detailed account of the results, which might prove tiresome, but a few excerpts here and there may prove of interest. Circus hudsonia — Marsh Hawk. This hawk is a summer resident on the east side of the Cascade Mauntains, but on the west side we know it only as a somewhat rare fall visitor. The only stomach I have had for examina- tion contained the remains of two Western Savanna Sparrows, but in the gullet of this same hawk was a mouse. This might prove damaging to the reputation of this handsome bird of prey, if we did not bear in mind that these sparrows skulk about in the grass in a manner to make them easily mistaken for mice. At any rate, let us give the hawk the benefit of the doubt. A c c i p i t e r velox — Sharp-shinned Hawk. This species, together with its close relative the Cooper's Hawk (Ac- cipiter cooperi), I believe do more harm than all the rest of the raptores together. In a great many stomachs of the Sharp-shinned, which is com- mon, and a few of the rarer Cooper's, I have seen not one from this state that contained anything but birds, and I do not remember of ever seeing a stomach of either variety that was empty. The Sharp-shins are not sum- mer residents west of the Cascades. The Cooper's is resident throughout the year. I have examined the stom- achs of two broods of young, about three-quarters grown, and the parent bird that were bringing them food. In all of them the stomachs were packed full of small birds, the old birds be- ing full up into their throats. The most striking point was that all of these small birds appeared to be nest- lings, many so young that it seemed impossible that they had left their nests. To me it seems beyond a doubt that the hawks had systematically hunted the nests and taken the young birds out of them. The largest bird that 1 have ever seen taken by the Cooper's Hawk is the Oregon Ruffed Grouse, which it captured in full flight. ..Buteo boreaiis calurus — Western Red-tailed Hawk. In a considerable experience, both in California and Washington, I have never known this species to capture a bird of any kind. Their food appears to consist entirely of mammals, snakes, and carrion of many kinds. This last feature has been so apparent in some specimens that it needed a considerable deter- mination to prepare them. In one in- stance one of these hawks was caught 46 THB OOLOQISt in a trap set beside a dead hen that had been killed by a Western Gos- hawk. In another instance a Red-tail was seen hovering over a fallen fir branch, under which was found a hen that was badly clawed, but still alive. Circumstantial evidence seemed to point to the hawk as the guilty party, but I feel practically sure that it was the work of a Dusky Horned Owl. The locality is full of these owls and it is a regular habit with them to hide such of their prey as they are unable to eat, returning the following night for another meal. I have read of a few instances where stomachs of Red-tails have contained fowls, but I am strong- ly of the opinion that they were eaten after something else had killed them. The only living bird that I have act- ually known them to catch was a Baldpate Duck, that was wounded and hiding under a bank. The Hawk, an immature bird of the year, flew di- rectly in front of the bow of a row- boat in under a shelving bank of the river, where it caught the duck and carried it to the bank. In this case I am firmly convinced that the hawk mistook the duck for a muskrat, which are commn and a favorite article of diet for them. These hawks will sit for a long time in the top of some tree directly over where fiocks of ducks are swimming about in the water below, but the ducks never seem at any time to show the least signs of fear, and I have never seen the hawks pay any attention to them whatever. Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucoce- phalus — Bald Eagle. Everything in the animal line, with few exceptions, seems to find favor with these eagles as part as their bill of fare. In the northwest fish seems to constitute the greater part of their diet, probably the greater part being eaten after it has been cast ashore dead. Along the coast of Alaska the Northern Bald Eagle is a great pest to the fox farm- ers, who raise different kinds of foxes for their skins. A constant watch must be kept, as the eagles are com- mon and likely at any moment to pounce down and carry off some three hundred dollar beauty. Once in a while an eagle will make a mistake, as was the cause with a skin in the possession of Mr. D. E. Brown, of Seattle, Wash. This bird had tried to dine off a porcupine, the result being a throat full of quills that very naturally caused its death. m^'-' Nest and eggs of Western Willett— Photo by J. W. Sugden, Salt Lake City. THE OOLOGIST 4^ Drawer of Moths in collection — J. W. Sugden. Ruby-throated Humming Birds. Nest on stick. —Drawn from nature, by S. S. Hickey 48 THE OOLOGISf Days With the Ruby,throated Hummer By S. S. Dickey, Pittsburgh, Pa. A bird's nest. Mark it well. Within, without. No tool had he that wrought; no knife to cut. No nail to fix, no bodkin to insert, No glue to join. His little beak was all. And yet how neatly finished! What nice hand. With every implement and means of art, And twenty years apprenticeship to boot. Could make one such another? — Hurdis. While I was quite a little boy I went one evening to visit at the home of my parents' friends and well re- member a discovery which one of the older folks made when we were sitting on the porch; this person found a dead male Ruby-throated Humming- bird caught in a tangle of vines that adorned the border of the veranda. My love for birds caused me to take this hummer, while no one was watch- ing, and run to my home with it. A few years later while I was still a mere boy the gorgeous little hum- mers visited the touch-me-nots in a neighbor's womans flower garden, and to me thed seemed like wonders from an enchanting and unknown world. So a boy friend and I prepared a net and placed it on the end of a long pole, determined to capture one of the sprightly creatures. But try as we did, day after day, we could not catch the bird in our net. Then a new scheme was decided up- on: a gum-shooter was made and a pocket full of small white beans se- cured. By waiting for the bird to alight on a clothes line wire and then sending a shower of beans at him we eventually stunned one of the little fellows and bore it home in triumph. Perhaps the natural daintiness and beauty of the Ruby-throat made it an endearing bird with me, but I am in- clined to believe that those early day associations with the species helped profoundly in making me greatly ad- mire this glittering dwarf of birdom. Therefore, as nesting seasons ar- rived, I always hoped intensely to find the home of a Hummingbird. But years rolled by and not a nest was seen, until, perchance, late May of 1906. On Memorial day of that year I went to a deep wooded gully in search of varius birds' nests and happened near a group of sugar maples which stood in the denser por- tion of the woods. A drink from a spring, and a rest, resulted in my hearing the sound of a Ruby-throat as it darted about in humming flight. A careful watchfulness revealed the bird and its nest. The domicil was built well out on a horizontal branch of one of the sugar maples and was about thirty feet from the ground. In cut- ting the limb off with my ax I jolted it and spilled the two white eggs which rested so prettily within the little home. Thus as the season of 1907 came round a special effort was made to find another hummer's nest. On May 18, as I passed along a woodland road which wound about a hillside, a hum- mer buzzed past and lit in a tree be- side me. Then she fiew to a small dead branch at the lower side of a pin oak tree where she wove some build- ing material about the roughened bark. Although the nest was visited soon again it was not until June 4 that the set was completed and the treasure secured. Swinging in a strained position, with saw in hand and much perspiration wetting my brow, I collected the nest while the little owner darted back and forth in chirping dire distress. THE OOLOGIST 49 Thereafter manj- nests of the Ruby- throat were observed, but one in par- ticular remains as a fond memory picture. I was passing one early June day by the border of a dense wood- land which skirted a creek and sheltered a steep hillside. A meer dull sound, as of a hummer's flight, reached my ear and caused me to keep a sharp eye out for the little bird that caused it. But the sound died away and I was about to depart, when the bird returned and settled on its cozy nest in an ironwood overhead. A climb into a neighboring tree showed that the nest was a contrast to the ordinary type in that it was built on the top of a last year's domicil. Thus it looked much larger than does the usual home of this bird. I collected this nest and its con- tents of two incubated eggs and placed them with the small series then in my cabinet. But some years later they became the property of James B. Car- ter in whose possession they remained until just recently when this young man disposed of his superb collection. Since the discovery of the preceding nests several others have come under my observation, but just one of them is unusual enough to be worthy of special mention. It was built on a small dead stick that had fallen and lodged on two branches of a slender hickory sapling which grew on a wooded hillside. Odds and Ends During about thirty years of collect- ing in the various branches of Natural History, I have found a few freaks that may be of interest to the readers of The Oologist. When still a small boy, I saw some trees of odd growth; one was com- posed of two trees grown straight, about two feet apart and connected by a cross piece not quite horizontal; two others had straight bodies with a limb grown out a ways and then back into the tree a little higher up; another was a tree which had en- closed and lifted in its growth, a large rock resting in the fork of its branches. Also two grown up about seven feet and then united. Some of our neighbors had a pair of black squirrels for several years, and a few years ago, I saw one near a swamp (not freaks). Another neigh- bor had five, I believe it was, pure white squirrels. 1 saw two of them when they were four or five years old. I later saw a live creamy white Gray Squirrel and also a skin. I also saw a fox squirrel with entire underparts black. A neighbor had a five legged cow for years. 1 once had for years, a tape worm taken from a fish. Also had a crooked fish which was probably due to in- jury. I was also told of a white striped gopher. I have handled maybe fifteen or twenty pairs of Screech Owls, and all but two pairs were, one bird red face, and one gray face. Of the other two pairs, one pair was gray face, and the other pair red face. 1 have found one nest of Brown Thrasher built on the ground by a vine and two nests of Mourning Dove on the ground, one in a stubble field and the other in a marsh well hidden by the side of a high bog, among tall, coarse grass three feet high; truly an odd place for this bird. Also a nest of this bird on top of a post in a large woods close by a much travelled road. I have seen one, and been told of one partly albino English Sparrow. Have collected one set of Albino Blue Jay's eggs, with usual spotting, and one set of Blue Birds, pure white, little gloss; both of five eggs each. I later found a set of four Blue Bird, 50 THE OOLOGIST and as I went to collect them I saw a Red-headed Woodpecker making a meal off of them. I have a runt Red-headed Wood- pecker's egg from a set of five, and a runt Meadow Lark found on a bag in a big marsh. I have a three or four story nest of the Yellow Warbler. 1 once found a small nest of some bird containing six eggs of the Cow Bird. I have a picture of a set of triplet calves. I also have a photograph, and also saw, a group of five babies, at one birth. It was possible for these latter to have all lived, but under cir- cumstances existing at the time they came into the world, they all died. The mother was alone; all boys. I have a star fish with six arms. I have seen many doubles and tribles in fruit and nuts and of course in flowers. A five fingered man lived for years in our city of Columbus, Wisconsin. George W. H. Vos Burgh. Warblers and a large Hawk not ident- ified. Dated Sept. 1918. Geo. W. H. Vos Burgh, 56 Maple Ave., Columbus, Wisconsin. A list of birds observed near Vin- ton, Iowa, mainly along Cedar River: Robin, Com. Blue Jay, Com. out of town. Mourning Dove, abundant. Bobwhite, one heard. Black-billed Cuckoo, several. Bluebird, Common. Great Blue Heron, two or three. Green Heron, Common. American Crow, Common. Pigeon Hawk, one. Great Crested Flycatcher, one. Downy Woodpecker, common. Redheaded Woodpecker, common. Purple Martin, common. Baltimore Oriole, several. Purple Grackle, common. Northern Flicker, several. Spotted Sandpipper, several. Belted Kingfisher, two or three. White brested Nuthatch, several. Several varieties of Sparrows and Newspaper Ornithology The following is a sample of the idiotic stuff which drifts through the press of the country to the detriment of the birds and which indirectly in- creases the unnecessary extinction of many birds. Not long since the press was filled with telegrams about the awful invasion of the Groshawks. Now that seem to have worn out so keep the columns filled, the Owls have be- gun to eat up the hogs of the country. All such silly slush should be kept out of the columns of any self-respecting publication. —Editor. 11-Foot Owl Attacks Hunter, Who May Die Chicago, Dec. 13. — A huge owl, when shot and wounded by John O'Connor, a summer resort keeper at Grassy Lake, 111., attacked him with his beak and talons, inflicting gashes which may prove fatal. The bird, snow white, was four feet in height, weighed nearly seventy pounds and measured eleven feet from tip to tip of its wings. It finally was killed. Owls Devour Pigs Patriotic Chinaman Loses Ten of Them Chemanius, B. C, April 20. — Sam Yikkee, Chinese patriot and pig raiser, is distressed and the potential pork production of Canada has been re- duced by ten fine pigs as the result of the depredations of horned owls. Sam Yik Kee had ten sturdy little pigs. Then there were nine, and he couldn't account for the shortage. THE OOLOGIST 51 Next day another disappeared. Each day thereafter the Yik Kee piggery was sliy another suckling animal. After the nine had disappeared the Chinaman happened to look upward and saw the carcass of one of his choice pigs hanging from the limbs of a tree. The mystery was solved. He had been robbed by horned owls. An active war is now being waged against the feathered thieves. WHO? The following lis of large sets of eggs is from the collection of W. A. Strong of San Jose, Calif. LARGE SETS 6-19 Pied-billed Grebe. June 17, 1900. Walter C. Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 6-19 Pied-billed Grebe. May 31, 1903. Walter C. Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 77 1-6 Black Tern. June 18, 1889. J. Claire Wood. Detroit, Mich. 135 1-17 Gadwell. June 6, 1893. W. A. Strong, Tulare, Cal. 194 1-6 Great Blue Heron. May 3, 1902. Walter C. Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 219 1-12 Florida Gallinule. June 9, 1901. Walter C. Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 221 1-11 American Coot. June 6, 1893. W. A. Strong. Tulare, Cal. 289 1-17 Bob-white. June 25, 1898. J. T. Overstrut. Smith Co., Tenn. 289a 1-15 Florida Bob-white. April 29, 1885. F. T. Pamber. Miami, Fla. 294 1-17 California Partridge. June 2, 1892. W. A. Strong. Tulare, Cal. 294a 1-20 Valley Partridge. May 18, 1904. Nelson K. Carpenter. Escon- dido, Cal. 331 1-6 Marsh Hawk. May 19, 1907. J. Claire Wood. Detroit, Mich. 339 1-5 Red-shouldlered Hawk. April 19, 1903. J. Claire Wood. Detroit, Mich. 339 1-5 Red-shouldered Hawk. April 1, 1901. J. Claire Wood. Detroit, Mich. Out of 47 sets of this species Mr. Wood took 2 sets of 5. 339b 1-6 Red-bellied Hawk. May 5, 1894. W. A. Strong. Tulare, Cal. 352 1-3 Bald Eagle. March 13, 1904. J. Claire Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 360 1-6 American Sparrow Hawk. April 18, 1894. W. A. Strong. Tulare, Cal. 365 1-8 American Barn Owl. March 22, 1893. W. W. Warren. Tulare, Cal. 373 1-6 Screech Owl. April 5, 1909. Guy W. Day. Sidney, 111. 373c 1-6 California Screech Owl. April 26, 1896. E. D. Parker. Pasa- dena, Cal. 378 1-10 Burrowing Owl. April 20, 1894. W. A. Strong. Tulare, Cal. 387 1-4 Yellow-billed Cuckoo. May 12, 1915. Dr. M. T. Cleckley, Augusta, Ga. 412 1-8 Flicker. May 18, 1902. Wal- ter C. Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 412a 1-12 Northern Flicker. June 10, 1897. C. N. Davis. Branchport, N. Y. 447 1-6 Arkansas Kingbird. May 8, 1895. W. A. Strong. Tulare, Cal. 474b 1-5 Prairie Horned Lark. May 3, 1905. Walter C. Wood. Detroit, Mich. 477 1-6 Blue Jay. May 25, 1884. J. F. Hill. Granville, N. Y. 477 1-6 Blue Jay. May 20, 1894. F. H. Carpenter. E. Prov., R. I. 483 1-6 Green Jay. April 18, 1900. Frank B. Armstrong. Brownsville, Texas. 487 1-8 White-necked Raven. May 17, 1900. James M. Carroll. Midland, Co., Texas. 488 1-7 American Crow. April 14, 1898. J. Claire Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 494 1-7 Bobolink. May 30, 1906. J. Claire Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 53 THE 00L0GI9T 494 1-7 Bobolink. May 20, 1900. A. W. Plumb. Rankin, Mich. 499 1-5 Bicolored Blackbird. May 10, 1891. W. A. Strong. Tulare, Cal. 519 1-6 House Finch. April 17, 1913. W. A. Strong. San Jose, Cal. Out of 100 sets of this species I took one set of 6. 1-7 English Sparrow. April 20, 1915. W. A. Strong. San Jose, Cal. 617 1-7 Rough-winged Swallow. May 30, 1901. J. Claire Wood, Detroit, Mich. 622 1-7 Loggerhead Shrike. June 13, 1893. Louis Whitfield. Tallahas- see, Fla. 687 1-6 American Redstart. June 6, 1889. Wellie Phillips. Red Wing, Minn. Out of 65 sets of this species in my possession this is the only set of 6. 703 1-5 Mockingbird. April 16, 1899. Chas. Harris. Bee Co., Texas. 704 1-5 Catbird. May 21, 1899. J. Claire Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 704 1-5. Catbird. May 26, 1901. Walter C. Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 705 1-5 Brown Thrasher. May 29, 1902. J. Claire Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 705 1-5 Brown Thrasher. June 1, 1879. Raymond Stevens. Pawlet, Vt. 706 1-5 Sennett's Thrasher. March 28, 1900. F. B. Armstrong. Browns- ville, Texas. 706 1-5 Sennett's Thrasher. April 21, 1900. Frank B. Armstrong. Brownville, Texas. 725 1-7 Long-billed Marsh Wren. June 3, 1902. Walter C. Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 761 1-5 American Robin. May 30, 1899. J. Claire Wood. Wayne Co., Mich. 761 1-7 American Robin. April 21, 1913. Ottomar Reinecke. Buffalo, N. Y. 766 1-6 Bluebird. April 21, 1900. Ottomar Reinecke. Farnham, N. Y. 766 1-6 Bluebird. April 28, 1901. Bradshaw Swales. Rochester, Mich. 766 1-6 Bluebird. May 1, 1901. H. H. Spicer. Detroit, Mich. 768 1-6 Mountain Bluebird. May 2, 1900. W. S. Hathaway. Silverton, Colo. W. A. Strong, San Jose, Cal. Delos Hatch Writes that he is confined to the house most of the time and in a rock- ing chair and he adds sorrowfully, "do not expect to ever collect any more." We extend to him our sincere sympathy in his misfortune. The Trumpeter Swan As is well known this the most mag- nificent of all North American birds now on the point of extinction, and the king of the wild fowl of the world is still subject to the brutal persecu- tion of the "fool with the shot gun." We recently received a clipping giv- ing an account of the killing of one of these birds in Kansas. Of course it was the only one seen at the time or there would have been more of them killed. Whether the killer was hanged to a tree by his neighbors, as he rich- ly deserved to be, or how he escaped the punishment he so justly deserved for violating the Federal Bird Law, if he did escape it, we are not informed. The following article from the New Orleans Picayune of Jan. 18 of this year will be of interest to all bird lovers, though the statement relative to the last birds being seen in 1907 and 1915 is not strictly accurate; there still being at least one place known to a few ornihtologists where this bird has nested regularly in very limited numbers for a number of years passed and where it has been accorded strict protection. "A pair of very rare trumpeter THE OOLOGIST swans, with a single young, are spend- ing the winter on Bayou Sara creek, near St. Francisville. This was the latest society note in birddom re- ceived by the State Department of Conservation from Edward Butler of West Feliciana parish, who is a noted bird observer and wild life protection- ist of that section. The occurrence of a single individ- ual of this species of waterfowl today is more than worthy of record, but the observation of a pair, with a cygnet in the characteristic gray plumage of the young, is a positive sensation in the bird world. The last trumpeter swan observed since Ernest Thompson Seton saw seven in the Saskatchewan in 1907, was when a big gander vis- ited the Louisiana state wild life refuge in the winter of 1915. It flew down to the preserve with a flock of Canada geese and in the spring went North with the wedge of geese. The officials of the Department of Conservation held high hopes that it would return the following winter with a Mrs. Swan and possibly a pair of cygnets. But contrary to these expec- tations the lone, and supposedly last members of its race, returned to the refuge unaccompanied by others of its species, and took up its winter resi- dence on Pearman lake. During the month of February a resident of Ab- beville passing through the refuge on a dredgboat shot the bird "for curios- ity" and taking it home enjoyed a din- ner of "roast goose." This was the last record of a trum- peter swan being seen until Mr. But- ler's startling news reached the office of the department Friday morning. "No doubt you will be interested in learning that three trumpeter swans have been on Bayou Sara creek since late December," he wrote. "They are a pair with one young, the latter show- ing gray plumage. Every effort has been made to keep them from being molested and it is gratifying to know that nearly everyone seems to be in- terested in their welfare. They are usually found below the bridge, but when disturbed by people passing too near, they go in the dircetion of the Mississippi river." The appearance of these rare and in- teresting birds in the West Feliciana country calls to mind the fact that it was in this part of Louisiana, and par- ticularly along Bayou Sara creek, that the great Audubon spent the most suc- cessful periods of his career as an art- ist preparing the drawing of wild birds that afterwards won him fame and renown as the foremost bird art- ist of his time. Special efforts will be made by the Department of Conser- vation to see that these birds receive proper protection during their stay in Louisiana. They are also protected by the federal migratory bird law." A Soldier's Birds My year in France is up today, dur- ing which I have gone through every American offensive and have finally landed in a hospital with a "snoot full" of gas. 1 had a letter today from Law- ton Graham, who suggested that I write you of what bird observations I had made over here. When I began to sum up the year, I found that I had learned nothing of birds. Only at one place where 1 have been there has been an abundance of bird life. When we took our first permanent sector last spring, it was near the frontier, where the last foot hill of the Vosges levels into the rolling country of French Lorraine. On this same hill some one had built a small single room hut just at the edge of a pine forest. It must have been the haunts of some artist for it was made of colored tile and plaster and roofed with red tile. The outside walls were §4 THE OOLOGISf covered with paintings of flowers, but- terflies and birds, a huge fresco of roses hung above tlie door. From here I had a good view. The lines ex- tended for miles and one could see nine towns, three within the Huns lines and five within ours. The first night and day proved that I was in a paradise of birds. The fields below were fairly covered with crows and magpies, who paid little or no heed to the occasional roar of our guns. Overhead a pair of hawks circled and flew upward until they were faint specks in the sky. Occa- sionally I would find myself in the midst of a flight of darting swallows, that passed so close that I was kept dodging. A chickadee peeped at us inquisitively from behind a tree and gaining confidence mounted quickly to the top, to peer and search in that busybody way he has. I knew then, that I was going to like that sector. And I did. I proceeded to become acquainted with all my feathered neighbors I found the chickadee had his home in a shell torn atub nearby and visited him until seven ugly youngsters lined up at "right dress" outside the door. I learned that I had only to lie down in the fields below and the sky larks would mount straight into the sky and burst into a song more melodious than any opera house can boast. That spring, three pair of field spar- rows raised young before my shack, a wren picked out the gallery of my dugout for a place to raise six healthy youngsters. At night I could hear the far away notes of a Whippoorwill, but never saw or fiushed one during my stay. There were dozens of kinds of birds that I learned by sight but we had no way of learning the names of them. Last June we bad our quiet sector farewell. As we passed through the town, where battalion headquarters had been, the swallows seemed to en- velop us with their queer unguided fiight. The little clay daubs under the eaves had done their work well and the world seemed alive with them. Away up in the sky four dim specks were circling. Way off to the left a gun cracked, and that reminded us that there was a war. But it was now over and we hope to it that it is the last. But I would like to spend that spring over with a book on French birds. If any one knows of one or of a French or- nithologist, I would appreciate the where and how of it. Lieut. C. R. M. Leudon. In a late number of the Oologist I noticed an account of a Ruby-crowned Knight seen in Pennsylvania on Dec. 14, 1916. Is not the sight of one in Northern Minnesota on Thanksgiving day, Nov. 29, at a latitude of 48 deg N. quite as rare? Especially so when you consider that Montgomery Co., Pa., lies at 40 deg. N. Lat. and is near the coast and East of the mountains. The one I saw above referred to was entirely alone and would indicate that they linger along until the severe weather set in to drive them South almost by force. I don't blame them for not wanting to leave the norjih with its rigorous healthy climate un- til nature forces it to. The weather four days after Thanksgiving dropped to 6 deg. below zero and the river and the land took on its blanket of snow and ice. Red Lake Falls, Minn. L. E. Healy, I had the good fortune to see a Blue Grosbeak near our town last June. This is the first record for our County (Geauga) and so far as I know for this part of the state. F. E, Ford, tHE OOLOGISt WANTED — Volumes 1 and 2 of Thorburn's British Birds. Very hand- some price will be paid for these two volumes. ANSEL B. MILLER, Springs, Pennsylvania. WANTED — American Ornithology Vol. VI; Oologist Vol. XXVI, 1-2-4; Ornithol- ogist and Oologist Vol. XI; Various numbers of Condor. Have duplicates of Journal Maine Ornitliological Society; early Oologist; Ornithologist and Oolo- gist; Osprey; Nidiologist, etc. H. H. JOHNSON, Pittsfield, Maine. FOR EXCHANGE— Sets 123a-5. One runt 373d-4, 486-4, 722an/6, 1918 col- lected. HENRY W. DAVIS, Box 844, Atlantic City, N. J. EXCHANGE — First class sets with data. Nothing back 1915. Would be glad to have your list and year collect, ed. HENRY W. DAVIS, Atlantic City, N. J. Box 844. EXCHANGE — A- sets of 364, 203, 352. Desire shore birds, especially 261, 281, 277a. All letters answered. ERNEST K. SCHLEICHERT, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. WANTED- — A. L. singles, small holes, 388; 387, 622e; several each. Old U. S. postage stamps, previous to 1890, either unused or A. I. used with small can- cellation. GEO. W. H. VOS BURGH, 56 Maple Ave., Columbus, Wis. EXCHANGE — I wish to exchange a few Nature pictures for the same, or for insects, cucoons. Will also sell or buy for cash. Wish to buy good com- pound microscope. What have you? Write. HUBERT R. WISWELL, West- brook, Minn. WANTED — A mounted Albino Squir- rel or skin suitable to mount. O. S. BIGGS, San Jose, 111. MISCEH.ANJ30US. FO RSALE — A High-class collection of Squirrels which I desire to dispose of before entering the American Army. E. H. HAMILTON, 614 Walnut St., Ver- sailles Boro^ McKeesport, Pa. EXCHANGE — One Telescope, French make, three sliding joints, 14 1-2 in. long extended, 4 1-2 in. closed. Good for bird study. Will trade for sets. What can you offer? LEWIS LUNS- FORD, 27 N. Union St.. Petersburg, Va. FOR SALE — Loggerhead Sea turtle. Embryos and hatched turtles, mix<. I stages $3.00 dozen, small Octopus $1.0i> each. Other Maine specimens collected from Florida this past summer. H. AITKEN. Gen. Del., Philadelphia, Pa. EXPERT FIELD NATURALIST COL- LECTOR^^^ould travel in South Amer- ica, Central America, West Indies or Eastern Countries. Expert in prepara- tion of large and small mammal and Bird Skins. Would collect in branches of Manimaloge, Ornitliology. Concholo- ge. Entomology and Botany for Private Collector or Institution. Parties mean- ing business address JOHN W. DAN- IELS, Jr., Western State Hospital, Staunton, Va. EXCHANGE— Funston Perfect (animal) Smoker, 20 Onedia Jump Traps (new), eggs in sets. Want eggs in sets and singles. LYLE D. MILLER. E. Claridon. Ohio. FOR SALE— Live pupae of moths and but- terflies. Price-list on application, for de- livery November 1, 1918. Also entomologi- cal supplies of all kinds, LOUIS S. KOH- LER. 47 Wagner Place. Hawthorne. N. J. FOR SALE — Two handsome Virginia Red Cedar cabinets suitable for eggs or skins. Also one smaller Walnut Cabi- net, cheap. WHARTON RUBER, Gwy- nedd Valley. Pa. FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE:— No. 3 Bulls eye Eastman Kodak, new and in good condi- tion. Ask $5.00. cost $9.00. Send offers of ex- change. JOHNSON NEFF. Marionville. Mo. PERSONAL- Would like to become ac- quainted with active Oologist in New York City. Westchester Co.. or nearby, with view to expeditions next spring. L. C. S. please write. RAYMOND FULLER, White Plains. N. Y.. R. F. D. No. L FOR EXCHANGE - Large showy India moths. Atacus Atlas. Antheraea Pernyi. Actias selene. Caligula cachara. ( Selene ly na Hybrid) Also many natives. Want A No. 1 set of 288, 364. A.J. lOTTER, East Killingly. Conn. Who has skins or mounted fox squirrels, colors. Black. White. Gray. Black Yellow, Black; Cinnamon mixed with black or pure white squirrels. EARL HAMILTON. Ver- sailles. Bore. McKeesport. Pa. The Oologist is the best medium of ex- change for Oologists Ornithologists etc.. in the entire U. S. I want to get into touch with young collector in the Ozart region for tlie coming summer's collecting. JOHNSON NEF1'\ Marionsville. Mo. FOR EXCHANGE— One flne CONLEY 4x5 Plate Camera, 17 incli Bellows. Adopted for close up Nature Study. Want good 25-20 or 32-20 RIFLE, or Books on OOLOGY. EARL MOFFET, Marshall, Texas. BOOKS WANTED — Orchids of New England, by Baldwin; Our Native Orchids, by Gibson; Ferns of North America bv Eaton. Please state price. H. MOUSLEY, Hatley, Quebec. 1-lt WANTED — One B. & L. Model C. dou- ble Dissolving Lens. New^ or second hand stereopticon Macliine in exchange for personally collected specimens of Western Birds Eggs. Mrs. A. O. TRE- GANZA. No. 624 E. Sixth St. South, Salt Lake City. Utah. l-2t AN EXPERT field naturalist and col- lector, would travel in South America, the West Indies, or Eastern Columbia. Am an expert in the preparation of large and small mammals and Bird Skins. Would collect in brandies of Mineralog>'. Ornithology. Conchology, Eneomology, and Botany for private collector or an Institution. Parties meaning business please address JOHN W. DANIELS. Jr., Western State Hos- pital. Staunton. Va. VI THE OOLOGIST THE CONDOR A Magazine of Western Ornithology Published Bi-monthly by the Cooper Ornithological Club of California Edited by J> Grinnell and Harrr S. Swarth "The Condor" is strictly scientific but edited in such a way that a be- ginner of "Bird Study" can easily un- derstand it. The articles in "The Oondor" are written by the leading Ornithologists of the United States and are illustrated by the highest quality of half tones. Our subscription rates are $1.60 per rear in the United States and $1.7S in a Foreign coun- try. Sample Copy 30c. Address W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles. Cal. READ "Blue-Bird" Published In co-operation with the Cleveland Bird-Lovers' Association, and devoted to Bird Study and Conservation ^1.50 a Year 15 Cents a Copy AGENTS WANTED NO FREE COPIES Address EDITOR BLUE-BIRD, Dept. R. 1010 Euclid Ave. CLEVELAND, OHIO The Bruce Museum of History, Science and Art Wishes to correspond with reliable men possessing collections of North American Birds, Eggs or Mammals, particularly of the New England States. Only Mounted material will be considered and this only if it bears full data. Nothing will be considered that is not up to the standard of this Museum. That means perfect specimens, perfectly mounted. Any reliable man who wishes to dispose of his col- lection for a moderate amount of cash would do us a favor by corresponding with us. Anyone who wishes to make gifts to this Museum, may know that they will be deeply appreciated. BRUCE MEMORIAL MUSEUM Greenwich, Connecticut Paul G. Howes - - - Assistant Curator The OoLOGiST. BIRDS-NESTS-EGGS TAXIDBRMY Vol. XXXVI No. 4. ALBION, N. Y., April. 1, 1919. Whole No. 381 Female Woodcock Brooding Eggs, Cook County, Illinois —Photo by Gerald A. Abbott. ii tHE OOLOGIS-f BRIBF SPBCIAL. ANNOUNCEMENTS Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 26 eeitta for eacli 25 words for one Issue; each arUlitional word 1 cent. No notlee In- -;prte(l for less than 25 cents. We will advertise the skins, nests, eggs, or mounted specimens of North Amer- ican Birds for sale for persons having a lawful authority under the law to deal in the same. These columns are for the use of those desiring to make bona fide exchanges of such specimens for scientific collecting purposes only. — EDITOR. in answering advertisements in these columns mention "The Oologist," and thereby help us, as well as the advertiser and yourself. Send me the list of A 1 Bird Skins that you have to dispose of by exchange or otherwise. R. M. BARNES. Lacon, 111. MALE SKINS WANTED — 679, 676, 658, 622. 612, 611, 597. 547. State lowest price when writing. J. P. BALL, 5001 Frankford Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. FOR EXCHANGE— A large list of Al North American species of skins for specimens needed in my collection. C. W. CHAMBER- LAIN. 36 Lincoln St., Boston, Mass. ALL PEllSONS having A-1 skins in pairs of any of the North American Jays send list. 1 will pay the highest price for those that I need. II. M. BARNES, Lacon, 111. WANTED — To correspond with active field collectors, and exchange bird skins. Especially want Shore birds from Mis- souri and Kansas. Write B. GORDON ALEXANDER, Lexington, Mo. WANTED — A pair of living Sand Hill Cranes A. O. U. No. 306, taken north of the center of the U. S. If the birds are only slightly wingtipped this will not matter. For them I will pay a sood price. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, 111. EXCHANGE — Fine sets of eggs and nests for birds skins from south and east. STANLEY G. JEWETT, Pendle- ton, Oregon. FOR EXCHANGE:— Large well-mounted Golden Eagle and American Bittern. I am interested in all Natural History specimens. Write. WALTER STUCK, Jonesboro. Ark. I desire to exchange bird skins and Butter- flys for 20 or 24 Gage Shot Guns, Double Bar- rel, preferred, (iood condition. I). V. HEM- BREE, Roswell, Ga. DATA BLANKS — Send for sample of my data blanks, with your name print- ed on it. 500 for $1.00 postpaid. ED- WARD S. COOMBS, 24;; Franklin St.; Boston, Mass. EXCHANGE— I offer fine skins taken in Virginia, of Canada and Greater Snow Geese, Brant, Whistling Swan, many of the Duckg including European Widgeon, Wide Turkeys and immature Bald Eagles, etc. Make offers in eggs in sets, O &0 books, bird skins or cash. Also have good list of eggs in sets to exchange. HAROLD BAILEY, Box 112, Newport News, Va. EGGS. In seudiug iu j'our exchange notieea for nents, sktn^i and eggrs, we Tvoald as- preclnte it if you would arraitge the anniernls in your exchange notice In their niiniericnl order, and not tumble them together lilt and miss, as some ef our readers are complaining, a»d we thini; justly so. WANTED — Entire collection of Eggs of North American Birds for spot cash. R. M. BARNES. Lacon, 111. WANTED — To correspond with active collectors on or near the Platte River in Nebraska. Address, LYLE FLET- CHER, Norton, Kansas. Box 455. EXCHANGE NOTICE-I desire to get in touch with all active field collectors with a view to exchanging A 1 sets. H. W. CAR- RIGER, 5185 Trask Street, Oakland. Calif. Will be glad to hear from reliable col- lectors and to receive their lists. Have good list to offer including some rare species. RICHARD C. HARLOW, State College, Pa. WANTED — A-1 Sets of all birds eggs, common or rare, with data, or in broken sets with data. JOHNSON NEFF, Marionsville, Mo. TO EXCHANGE — A limited number of the Famous JACOBS BIRDHOUSES for first class sets, personally collected, and with full data, nests needed with some. J. WARREN JACOBS, Waynes- liurg, Pa. Who has sets 240, 244 328, 330? Can offer in exchange sets 57, 249, 264, 337a, .347, 355, 357, 358. DR. ELMER LANGE- RIN , Crookston. Minn. FOR EXCHANGE — Bird eggs in sets with data; also nest and eggs. Also wish to buy a pair of Peacock's and lien, oi- their eggs for propagation. JOHN LARANG, Genesee, Idaho. FOR EXCHANGE — 15 1-1; 105.2 1-1, 107 1-1. lOS.l 1-1; 197 1-4; 464 1-4; 474i N-2; 486 1-5; 533 1-3; 538 1-4; 560a N-4; 574.1 N-2; 604 1-4; 615 N-5; 622a 1-5; 629a N-4; 646a N-4; 726c N-6, N-5; 741 N-6; 743 N-7; 748a N-7, N-5. J. H. BOWLES, The W^oodstock, Ta- coma, Wash. I'^OR EXCHANGE — Eggs in sets; A. O. U. Nqs. 141-143, 146, 197-201, 225 and many others. Also fine Pupae of Saniia gloveri. Want eggs in sets live pupae, Butterflys, and Moths in pupae papers. Send list and receive mine. J. W. SUG- DEN, 47 S. Eighth St., Salt Lake City, Utah. 31a 1-1; 116 1-1; 475 1-5; 543 1-3; I'HE OOLOGISt III EGGS— ContlBned I will pay the highest cash price foi- such North American Birds Eggs that 1 need to complete series in any collec- tion. Send me vour lists. R. M. BARNES. Lacon, 111. EXCHANGE — Wanted this season'.s 1919 collected sets. Can use many Com- mon. Cash for same. Send list price per set. Sets for others. HENRY W. DAVIS, Box 844, Atlantic City, N. J. WANTED— Sets of eggs from original col- lector. Oregon, Green and Beldings Jay, Prairie and Ahlornado Falcons, I have many Bird magazines for exchange or sale. Want Bird Lore Vol. VIINo.l. C. M.CASK, 306 Blue Hills Ave., Hartford, Conn. WANTED — Lists of choice sets from reliable collections. I can offer Sand- hill Crane, Swallow-tail Kite, Bald and Golden Eagle, Duck Hawk, Snowy Owl and many others. All answered. A. E. PRICE, Grant Park, 111. WANTED— Singles or broken sets in quan- tities, or small lots; also books on Taxidermy, curios, etc. J. E. HARRIS, 259 Maple St., Dayton, Ohio. FOR EXCHANGE — European and Asiatic sets in exchange for No. Ameri- can species. C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St., Boston, Mass. RED CEDAR SAW - DUST-Can supply this ideal tray lining material, clean and sifted, in sacks of half bushel or more. Will exchange for first-class sets and skins de- aired, on a basis of 60 cents per peck. A. F. GANIER. 122117th Ave., S., Nashville, Tenn. EXCHANGE — Bird skins and eggs, o\"er 100 kinds. Wanted anything. DR. W. S. STRODE. Lewiston, Illinois. WANTED — A heavy marked set of .Sharp-shinned Hawk taken by a reli- able collector. Will pay cash or ex- change. RALPH W. JACKSON, R .No. 1, Cambridge, Maryland. EXCHANGE of personally collected sets desired with reliable collectors. Send lists. Have fine sets of 105.2 and others, California birds. J. VAN DEN- BURGH, 240 Stockton St., San Francisco, California. WANTED — 1 want to buy first class bird eggs, in sets, with data, if prices are reasonaV)l<'. JOSEPH WIGGLES- WORTH Wilmington. Delawaie. WANTED — Choice sets of anything from Nos. f)!! to G05 inclusive and choice sets of finclies from any part of the world wanted especially Longspurs and variety sets. Also sets or series of 261, 498, 501, 619, 703 and 761. Good Eurofjcan and other sets offered in best condition. K. L. SKINNER, Brooklands lOstate Office. Woy bridge. England. WANTED First Class, complete sets, all species of Eagles, Kites, F'aicons, Loons, Tropic birds, Hawks, Owls, Vultures, Wad- ers, Warblers, Finches. Send lists in full with terms. Dr. .\L T. CLECKLEY, Augus- ta, Ga. FOR EXCHAN(iE— Following Alsets, with data-I5, 2-1, 105 1-1, 105 1-2-1, 337b 2-3, 486 1-4, 375d 1-2, 617 1-5, 685b 1-3, and others, for sets needed in my collection. 0. BADGER, Santa Paula, Calif. FOR SALE— A fine white oak cabinet suit- able for birds, nests, eggs, or other natural history specimens. Contains 20 adjustable drawers. Details upon request. S. S. DICK- E Y, 212 East Maiden St.. Washington, Pa. Mounted Birds to exchange for eggs in full sets. J. C. HALL. 1420 Marlowe Ave., Lake- wood, O. WANTED -One set of eggs of each of the following birds, together with original nest: Scarlet Tanager, Indigo Bunting, (iold Finch. KARL W. KAHxMANX, Taxidermist, Lin- coln Ave.. Chicago. 111. WANTED-A-1 sets of all birds, also sets with Cowbird eggs. Must have full data. Can exchange A-1 shells or cash. Write what you have, stating value. HARRY L. SEM- LER, City Carrier No. 3, Lexington, Mo. CORRESPONDENCE DESIRED WITH COLLECTORS WHO CAN SUPPLY THE FOLLOWING WANTS: - 293a-294-300a-300b- 311-332-336- 337-337b- 373e-377-414- 420-467-483-501a- 501b-501c- 507-509- 511a- 513a-602- 619-627a- 628-630- 633.1-648-671-687. Rev. H. E. WHEELER. Conway. Ark. W'ANTED^ — A 1st class, well marked set of 4 or 5 white tailed Kite with full and original data. B. S. FRIPFIN, 22 Currier St., Haverhill, Mass. FOR EXCHANGE — Mounted Birds, skins and eggs in sets. Want birds, skins and eggs in sets. Send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811 Roosevelt Ave.. Detroit, Mich. We are headquarters for such clioice stuff as Raven, Yellow-billed Magpie, Santa Cruz Island Jay, Prairie Falcon, ■Snowy Plover (with nest), Pacific Horned Owl, Vaux Swift, Black Swift, Golden Pileolated Warbler, and scores of others. We desire in excliange excep- tional nest-and-egg material of every description, especially foreign If -ivell niithenticiited. "A drawer to a species'' is out motto. 400 drawers installed. Visiting oologists always welcome. MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE OOLOGY, William Leon Dawson, Director, .Santa Barbara, Calif. FOR SALE— Oologists Tools and Supplies. Bird Books and magazines. BENJAMIN HO AG, Garfield, .\. Y. BOOKS. ^VANTED — Vol. T and Vol III of Ridgway's Birds of Nortli and Middle America. Can offer Vol. V and $1.50 for eitlier vol. and cash for the other. W. C. HANNA, Colton. California. THE WARBLER — Second series. Seven volumes complete, $3.50 post paid. Very few full sets left. V'olume 1 and 2, with a dozen exquisite colored plates (jf rare birds eggs, is in good supply, and the two volumes will be mailed for $1.00. J. L. CHILDS, Floral Park, N. V. IV THE OOLOGIST WANTED — Britton & Brown Illus- trated Flora in three volumes. State edition, condition of books and best cash price. F. E. FORD, Chardon, O. WANTED - Osprey, Vol. IV No. 3 and index: New Series, Vol. I No. 4, 5, 7. FOR EXCHANGE or Sale Cheap. Some early volumes and single copies of Oologlst, many Nos. of Bird Lore. Museum, a few copies of Osprey. JOHN WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Iowa. R. 9. FOR SALE- Auks 4 Vol. 1894 to 97. Vols. 11-12-13-14 for cash. R. E. CASE, Avon, Conn. FOR SALE -Bird Lore, five volumes, year 1913-1917, one dollar per volume, carriage extra H. MOUSLEY, Hatley, P. Quebec. WANTED FOR CASH-The Condor Vols 1-9 inch. Bird Lore Vols. 1 and 2 incl., Nos. 1 and 2 of Vol. 3; No. 1 of Vol. 7; The Oologist of Utica, N. Y. Vols 1-5 inc. and its continuation. The Ornithologist and Oologist Vols. 6-8 incl. B. F. BOLT, 1421 Prospect Ave., Kansas City. Mo. WANT— Forcashor exchange, many issues of Oologist. Osprey, etc.. also Birds of Wash- ington, D. C. and vicinity, by Mrs. L. W. Maynard. RALPH W.. JACKSON. R. No. 1. Cambridge, Md. FOR SALE- Vols 4-5-6-7 of Exploration and Surveys for the Pacific Railroad, 1853-1856. The books are bound and in good condition. What am I offered.