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ns oe rE ne y a ia?

THE OOLOGIST

ee aed i Le

Se UDENT OF BIRDS
THEIR NESTS AND EGGS

ALBION, N. Y. and LAGON: IL
R. MAGOON BARNES, Publisher

1916

ZA4TSI

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INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIlIl

CONTRIBUTORS.

oi 205, [BISA Ce er
Barnes. R: M....1 Sy 5:
Boe 64, 30,. 62, 683,
oa 99, 100, 101, 103,

iter tid 122. 144. 146,
200, 202,
Baynara, Oscar E...17, 18,

IRS) 000 &
etme Oe BEN Do jc we ce oe
Bo Ves? Fae S aon
Bryant wm. Cullen.........
Paromiile OCCU oe. csc snes on
Puplern- Thos. D........5...
Burnham, Stewart......
STH Cl 2 th i
Oi) 072) 1) A 2
ra Eo
Carter, James B........
Cookman, Alfred............
Mamroren, stuart T...........
MeGroou, Dudley...........
mickey, S. S.:..64, 65; 67,

(On ike, Loo,
mDouanuie. Ralph. i. ........4.
Eastman, Lieut. Francis B...

Bima Ele Ars, 6 eis. oe da sec

LEIS! 3 (9) 8 a
Fitzpatrick, Leverette... 74,
Bontbies FAS WW oe os 91, 92,
mower Prank Re... sc ss.s.
Gilesshoscoe I... 29, 110,

ES PEO a2 eA.
Goelitz, Walter A..104, 146,
Green, Horace Hy. ....u.d<:->
Green, Horace O...112, 113,

Graham, R..... eye
42. 0G;

31, 33,

96,

189,
209,

i
140,
147,
131,

34,

oa, 157, 139, 170;

187,

Lie,
188

Glu Ws ts fae cuits 2 ake, whats ate oe
Hanatordss. As Ws. eit... 3
HArTrIMNetOm cb sae ke ss a ate

Hottman,. Hilton J... .2% . 78,
Howes;-Paul G.. .... 42, 43,
Besse isaac, Bisctaats os ee see
vackson: Ralph. W 5-25. i.seace
Jackson, “Fhomas... 28,. 32;
Kenworthy, E. M....... 72,
Kohler, Louis S..... 70, 104,
LES, 120; 221, 13%, WAT,
HOVE Guyects ie Sento ee
Maxon, First. Sargt. G. E....
17S;

MeConnell, “Thos? ive. ss. +s.
McGrew, Albert D....... 12,
194, 195,

MICIGCOGE si ites <2 <n: oka nt eee eee
MeLendom"Chas. Hise... 4m
MeMuliens Turner El... .....
Mercer, Miller Tre. in 63.06% cs
Meyers, ‘Harold)...i..0: sun 3-
Miller, Richard’ .s . << oases:
Miller,. biyle: is. ncn. «a eee ein «
MES re. ARE) ED ak 25 oa eee
Mottat,*Wiarl 8. <6 1, Ses
149,

Moore, Chase <E"... s4 sheave see
Nicolls Oliver CC ceree.. = 2 hous
Osterhout, Geo. Bi... 2... . 92,
Péck Agee: Diss eee nc
Perry 20. Dic cna 179), 182:
Peyton; sidney Boece F a
POPC; (Bil: & aa S hs a soe cis
PPE SULOME ade WVieurter som hee Ste wee
Burd y. James Bs. fc. fant hax »
Reinecke, Ottomar...... 13
126,

Reinecke, Bdward::.....-...
sanford, Colin Campbell.......
SSID IMSS: Mine ee cae he os 207,
Shepardson, D. I... 54, 98,

Sor 16, 217, L6r,
SONS. “Pinay ss. ceva sess

174,

24,
142,
128,

88,
134,
150,
203,
106,
149,

ply 45

205,

192,
196,

100,

181,

136,
153,
174,
128,

93,

184,
96,

+ Ls,

127,

208,
94,
162,

IV

EOMEGd “OouH was eee ee

MOTO. bec ge oe eter ws 59, 109,
Stoner, Hmerson. Ay. s..). 2.2%
Strode, Dr. W. S...106, 107, 208,

Shufeldt, R. W..84, 85, 86, ‘88,
145, 168,
60; 1138,
Sos
SurvoneGeos Mi aah oe sok oc 60,
Rartrine ton. (Pauls. sau.ks oon
Treganza, A. %O) 2 ../+44;
ADORE Ss) ORUeoWWVia se, chases teal OB;
Rutt ively miSmitihiaes ws =
Oe Tits PEIN ce erento arora tene
U: -S: Biological Dept...3...2 25
Wan iannmen, iy c. 24: yO,

strong, W. A..

Vos Bureh, Geo: W._H... it, 26;
ere) Ie Se
Mandercook,” Os Bs. )s4A.422 42,
ome Y. AOR Schr kics oo wo cereee ees
Wiharram: "92 Wooo sa ee 30,
Wallan (Cs. 2; on 4,
9

VMN PeTM Se ucomtelen 1. etrdduens coy teas
Walson, Ralph KR... 30; ail;
SL. > 825.106;

a 0 a

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Adult Birds.
Hawk, Broad-winged.........
REC wailed Fe eee a ae
Owl Great Horned’s: =... 6
Pigeon, Passengers. 4 2... 7.5
Woodpecker—
Northern Pileated! 2:....< =>. <
Young Birds.
hacless AG olden 3 ocskc.s s one occ
COU ee ELOGrIN Gers Oh hake cies 5
Owl, Great Horned.143, 148, 150,
Woodpecker, Red-headed.....
Eggs and Nest of Birds.
Blackbird, Red-winged.......

Macie Bald... >. Li", 19) Zi ee
AE CUT ney 7.3! oe ne Cem rahe eee ie
Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed....
Call “EVGrrine anki eae eee
SOIT ah cee sot <a eee ase cree tee

ave SUT OUAU Siar =. oon enue tes

anser, Red-breasted.....193,
Trae ede ova or yee eee
~ feast, Wagner’s Clapper......
Sore WIPO Sri a.c acusrs abe ducts ns hs
Warbler, Mourning..........
MEHL oe esc hes crk ech eae Gale
Woodpecker—

Northern. Pileated::....... . On.

Miscellaneous
Bohemian, mounted and pho-
tographed

59

THE OOLOGIST

Cliff and Golden Eagle’s nest.
Cotton artificial egg nest....
Cut showing collection box..
Drawer of eggs showing ar-
Le W OXON 6 oS aman s6 odtes 6+
Eggs of birds and reptiles...
False nest of Northern Pileated
Woodpeckers 0.0 se ste tee
Nesting cliff showing steep
Clif *OUC. ae oye ese tae oe
Nesting site of Golden Eagle.
Shoresbird skins s yo career
Tray arrangement of collec-
tion of nest and eggs......
Type collection of birds’ eggs
arranged? in, LraySeke sce
White Oak snag near Waynes-

burg, Pa., showing excava-
tion of Pileated Wood-
PECK sae oe ae ee 13,07 kee

Well marked sets of birds of

DrCy. oon kee
Portraits.

Oscar E. Baynard in Bald
Hagle’s nest in Florida....

Dr. W. EF. Blackmon, Presi-
dent Florida Audubon So-
ciety, with young Bald
Eagles in his hands.......

Lieut. Francis B. Eastman,

U. S. A., Forth Sam Hous-
ton, San’ Antonio, Tex. oa.
INDEX—BIRDS.

ADIN GA c= os wis eee ee

Auk, JGPreaitises acetone

BITTORM. ©) ac Ss cose Cre cee
AMERICAN: (coc es eee
L@ASE” iviewloe Stake eee eee

Bob-o2limkk = 2.326646 34, (9) seas

BODsWwAILGss wc conc aren eee 114,

Blackbird, .Brewersi.. ..2.)ee0
Red-winged ..<... 74). S2..0 98

L34,. 47, Wi:

Bluebird DA,” CO eS ane

175, 182,
Western) sso) 0-2. yas eee ane

Buntine. Indigo. o. sent ee 88,
Painted, (occ nuee see Aon BSE 282:

Buzzard) Turkey: Sage 207,

Cardinal “223s Moo kOe pale

124, SG A, esa
ORAS Je cote ce eekeoaere ss eee

Catbird: Vossen. Cos 200 JOS cee

Chat, Yellow-breasted...106, 107,

lr icys

MAD APTAN. o5. 46 heck. aS, wea

Chickadee, ..i., 725 10 ie aes
Black-canpped |. 4.272.
Carolina’ %3h.e mene PSue ads,

160
51

25

27

126

125
158
209
209
125
144
175
i Gy bg
125
cl rs
aly
122
122
203
203
208

R§
203
205
203
153
293

OL
71
189

74
203

THE OOLOGIST V

URE, 2 ice ee Pea eee SGIGLGALCHIOE <i sss aioe 3 a Ey dy f
ESTO. ns re 76 BIWG-BTAY 2.2066 72, 100, 152, 153
Chuek, Will’s° Widow........ Lis; 206 169, 175, 208
‘|g ge Ea oe Ue Set EE: el Sal i a
BOOMIICAN: 2 oo ecs ss ce eee gS Yi BOATS) on x os ie sa & wre, 0 79
OTe ey re 159 (Gagete ils, ere 125
oe UA 161 Bronged's.2?. ss... T2; 82; 108, rat
ewer: ws es. SI; 984, 107,. 1387 EUR EE tela. abet a) Meee oe) e 209
nao, 1477194, 2038, 205 .Grosbeak, Cardinal.........: 124

SL? 52 eee 167 1th eeh 2 a a crn ere 203
oe De a iow NG ayy Pat 4 O58 ote on che 110
Greener, Brown............. 164 . -Grebe, Pied-billed.......125, 137, 175
OS iS iso, OL; Lo: 172. odtiets Grouse, Oregon Riuileds... cs... 152
2038). 181 FUULPLOGa) oP crete SSS 29, 114, 141, 164

American .......% tal, 164s 17is- Lis Lids SR
OOS 0 84, 125, 203 SOO Suet a dices. See oe ere 152
ammmmnlehn.... 2, 108: 165; 275. « <Guina: uc. fcc caress wes twas 86, 87
DE 5 167 Gull, Black-backed Great.... 70
“Th SL CDT Seiad LT P22 BOM a ARCS. os. Neth 6 seeds Sees 181
IDLO Se) | law O2;, 203 ramen? xa, os dare beeen 181
Dove, Mourning.... 72, 81, 82, 124 Herring 2.4.00 dds Tei. lie
PeetGs Ub. t81; 203 192, 196, 197

“SE TCLDG a a KO, St MAGCKEKEE so. uesc Sete eh ere 110
LG? . OSS 206, 207 Ringe piled ac. 2h.6%< Soe & bee 181
(LLG of 2 SS G4. “bb 2. ABTAWike 4534 20<'5 ob, (81,2112 Shi. e144
CYL SNE, a 194 173, “205
LUE RO ie a an OS LT teorek,.. 94 Broad-winged .....29, 30, 115, 203
LL CVT) 2 oe ne 125 COOPer Ss: as oae3 22, 26, 29, 30
WiCttl \ aan oo, (06, bok, 167 129, 144, 163, 203
CS ais dchais s 0 0's eZ, Uh. webs DD WG eo uaa oh dhe Pole tee 30 178
161, 205 Berrew: Roweh-lege::. 22.3 on

Golden ..... Ly antes 4, 5: i EE PUGOT AS 4 ys le chee eke re 82
9). Marsh phe coe 26, 30,- Oe “as

Paes.) 6G, LT, «LT, 18;. 19 t63,7 865
Pipe 2D, sal, “oly » 133 INGLE RNY ~4 a8 bh se cee 146

i656, 157.- 161 PIS SOM: Sattar cee. < cise cee 30

LES, S10) Ge 181 Red-shouldered: <......< 22; 429; 930
GROIN ee ro. bis ves nwo wees 86 19e5 80; LOT, 20S. faz, 163; 7 fan
VOLILL aR ee 161 Red-tailed .-s. 5.2. GG vhs ~22 2G
Binene Purple. c......... 164, 209, 210 30, 101,.142, 208, 144, 146
WLSAE D2 ao NY Sharp-Shinned «coc. a. “22! aS: 30
(UG a 64,. 79, 141, 164, 203 fe hoe
“SOF DUCT ee ee 161 SDALTOW> . 2 cs ose ed teO OO, lore aes
TS CTC TEINS) 60 a 190 175; 181, + 203
NertnweEStEI —.. 064-0 eee 122 SWELLS ONC S. no's. xry 0 tn meres 12: E48
OGG-SMALtGd . 6. cde es 90.91, e641 Texas, Night... 124) toi, tak 172
PaeEEL CMe fas, vd done. thse ore re 181 175, 205, 206
miycateher, Adler...........> BOs eue ia CES Tees or hc hakatons aia akeectale 30
UDP ESE Sa ee 203, 209 Heron, Black-Crowned Night. 26
Great, Crested... 6.20.6. ee 72 126.97 tor
Green Crested............. 203 Great Blue... 104, 141. 175;. 181, 208
Mexican Crested...i.2..... 125 GreeDe one + eas cOeeleo,) deel, 20a
Scissor-taled .... so, 82, 124, 13 PIQUA) ec Sere, ee 181
153, 194, 203 Yellow Crowned Night.... 203

‘rn00 0 1G (610 ee a ree 205 = Hummineoird. “a,c. Ss, 93° 161, £70
Salmule, Purple... 00.0.6 0. 185 PURO vehae ceases: Mice Ac we Xe 89 95
GOES. aS) 105) Ga re 116 CRUNCH, eset MS Pops oie) &, deniers xi 94
SOO MUCH: Se sc sees s « 64, 137, 141, 164 CO aGe rates i acne cas a. wee 89
vy. 203 Biack-chinned . 2...7:-<3. 82, 89, ° 93

CHESS UE i qe 30 RTA Airy ui-d, Geeta Gch alend ors 89, 95
PTACEVCAT: « Wva eiecs-e el wt 4 4ecue ea 122 GTS 123s Ca A 89, 94

Vi
Ruby-CLhroaced) ees 89, 93,
FUULLOUS soe Deh eA Pn xs
saegzer,. Long-tailed)... 05 2 83,
Jay, Blue. os o.u (or Tit, 141 5S:
ds eS ee
SUeGHlenig ns 4) Mes teka ds ee
HOTA oF ot Moo See nea hs
UNC OR ee eee ce Ste a ater 14,
PAM Gid COs ths 2S feasts bees 92,
NVOMUEATIA SS oh vite tect ees hee
Slate-colored 12. 14 SS.
Wy (a bet (37/55
SMALLS ae ee. 92, 169,
Wihite-wine@ed 02d ke 2
melideer™ 235 2-. 79; 81>. 85; L265:
ils Sade
Mane DInd= ©: 22: 92. 98, 122. 14:
Kinglet, Golden Crowned....110,
Western Golden-crowned...
RUDY: “CrOWwned “= 5.2 cs ee
rainetisher ..c<, 79, 84, 163, 074.
1B Ye) | FcYs Weare en ars seg aie Oe gS a bedss,
Kite, WMISSISSIPDI =. 2... «2 se
ATK Sets eet ee es katt eens
VOTO: 6): See ine ag, aoe 74,
Prairie: Horned:...'74, 14140 17
Meadow Oe” sole). “OA, - a OS.
122, 136, 141, 164 17
dso Le
Lonespur, bapland. 22.06.)
NUIT EM Ost. 2 he ls Jade an, Pes. Oe
Evil Ae whe oe. dU: Sea eis
Merganser, American........171,
Red-preasted 24:2. sec. 54. 193,
Mockingbird .... te) toe Sie
124. Vs Ase
Nut-hatch, Brown-headed.....170,
Red-breasted Se AOS ale
Waite bellied. Sos. aoc co 140,
White breasted....... 164, 171,
GSDLE Ve diate’ k's she Soe eee
American ..".... se eae as
Oriole; Orchard =. -...:. 72, 82,
LOGUE ie % Jad toe Bo Oe
CUZ GWAC of sr hs oe ae
Oven Dir? 65S: oss. 104, 106,
Owl eels: TAA. 145) TAG ay
Barred oe. .o.% 44; 81, 86, 100;
137, 144, 146, 147,
132) 4 | 30, LOO: ASS, 176:
California. Screech......... 90,
WuskyesEOrned 22 65. asc
Great Horned..... ZA, 38. FO;
143, 144, 203, 146,
150, 152, 154,
DBELGCEH .. 1.702, “Sl, 100, 104:
139, -146,-1:70, 203, 171,
ILO desk Sh ee eh lees
Menace (DaTTeG.4 sbi ate. oon

THE OOLOGIST

141

94
201
164
203
152

79

92

93

93
141
WT.
170

92
141
203
203
164
it.
122
122
176
181
203

74
164
203
104
203
210

74

84
203
195
194

§2
203
aly@)
203
bf (i
175
181
139
203
205
161
205
205
104
149
203

92
152
104
148
155
137
175
122
100
159

Partridge, Sealed: ..-5-.5-.08
Petrel

Leach’s

Socorro
Pewee: Wood soe. <3 oe 141,
Pheasant
Phoebe

S| 2) 6 0 Wl O's! 0.6) eee (07,0. a) @ lore). a

One ai 1s) @ take wie en’ 56

Pigeon
Band-tailed
Passenger

o 0 © 2 re\lel me [ee ele) eset ete) (6, hele hem

Sea
Plover,
Mountain

etiate>'s ae, ese) <ei"e (e (4 ey «cece (aie hese @

Sie ae
Upland

©) ee) 078: (@) is/'e. i=fela: ioe ota lea aslie
of (ee, (ese kevle Nolte’ wlales ere) oa) a, ere

elisha) scopic, 6) (0) 6) 6) 10) 10) 0 1 lelene

Puffin
Quail
Guillemot eBlack. \4..0- hee
RailysCarolimas.> 32) eho ee
King
Sora
Virginia
Wayne's: Clapperis.c...0e8
Raven, Northern...196,
White-necked
Redpolls
Roadrunner

o, -W ,e 0, ay eme, on.e! @) a6 (e,at aoe, Wen ele) ee ia

a (e'|.e) (ome) (elfelcelse! es) ‘aire

a\ (el je wh je) 6 6.0) 0) 0-6. ele is) .e Melle) el sia e
Site. ce Wee, ee) W, eeMe Te, eet eile) elu rer jaien

ei fe) Je” fe: (e) is, e), eYele) ene, ie) (al cet.et wie

wi 6 (e! a) 6) ta) 6) eee es) a) Seni) eke ene

erfeiiw Je te!) 6) 8) eae) (enio) ©

AMOEPieGam. sore.) hit a as
Western
Redstart
American
Sand piper, lweasives = .5.1se ene
Bartramian
Solitary
Spotted

a) (e! 6, ‘o' je comm (6 08/6) 0 | (0) we) me
2,18) (6) 8) eevee (6) 46) (a) 16) (ote okalven wus

6) etal ie) at le | a Telia a”, fee!) el ase

253) 6! ih, o0 en(u;,,6 10g «) Lee ke Teer ®

Shrike
Loggerheaded
Northern

Shearwater

Snipe, Wilson's: =... 25. - LST;

Sapsucker, Red-breasted.....
Yellow-bellied

Siskin. Pine. ee eee oe:

Snowflake

Skua

Sparrow
Black-throated
Bachman’s
Cassin’s
Dusky “Seaside...< 60... .c ke
English
Field
Chipping

@ (elie! oe 40 0: /e. w/e 0 (eo wu 01 ep ene hols celeee

ater SO WO

Gj: <e) se! (ete! ce! efe eqerenieh.n @Lene

2) (646) e\/ (0) (0, (e) 0) 8). p in). ne pet She, ne

owt vite, ©; eeitp all.w eel. elle! ue

Oman rae iy omit ey

S))mi5e) wie) 2/0) Je ao \a is) e) ene

eluet ® 406) Sie \16 [e) (e Sem IW, (e686. 0) a ee.

eRe Pe @) (GL Mee ce. TRC re Ole] el ee

85,
139,

POLS See eee
LOLS Si, -S2;
oe VO a
[rasspopper ......... Ho, Loe,
90,
OOS NS 0
Smmmecan Mox.......0....
oo ae 12, 96, 134,
fo Li
SSS 185,
DES 1h ae 74, 164,
Wy hate-toroated. .........5.
White-headed English.....
Swallow, Chimney...... 1S 5eclo os
20D ee 1225 24;
AUD (Se
LIL 2 114,
GE 79, 108, 114,
141,
SVS 20 a er
PPMIOTITEENE FG. ee ce es
Wnite-throated .......3... 161,
SSN Le 0
MiamMeeer SCALlel... i... .ecn es
SU UNGIE
CIS 0: ee 132,
LIAO) 3 VO: “GET
SoG: 2 135, 041° 18d
(SSC? 3S
Common ea LO tol. 141.
iiarasner, Brown........ 72, 175,
WMEVeC bled 2.0... ese
CUIGID: Cre
EME reIME OPE s eres wie as o's cos
2G a an
5 30] en iW iay
VGN Sy Se
imemoucn California. ..o.......
PMP GASL 4). <siec se s.cece ss NOL
Mirmouse,. Tufted ...... oa #82,
164,
Teal, Blue-winged .......... 176,
Green-winged ........ DSS Lud
TS,
UD GS TO cole
SS 00. Re ee eee
PENNE MEG oc iele kw slse ss oes 6 ass
UD DUIGEIE Sots Ca ee
“SEY Bee
CI ET CIT nash a ea Sr
Wire, IBCs: 2 i... ae oe. t2, 82,
eS) SUIS 168, 169,
“FBG es (80 or
White-eyed ...... ies Sea
OTST ee 174, 187,
TAT ree 18 US Oe en a
SSG eee rere ion Lao, lire,
ANC el GG) 2 eee a 24, 29,
(oe Sl, AST. Lbs,
HO; 203, 115, 07S;
COTTE | (Gs Cll oe po eee oe

THE OOLOGIST

164
203

(hs,

88
203
122
157
141
194
209
LT
164
113
141
203
141
139
124
209
162
203
162
164
141
203
134
132
183
141
194
203
205

76
171
209
203
122

1B
137
203
nag
at
183
141
122
117
129
141
124
203
170
203
203
188

81
181

74
159
181

5D

Black and White
Black-throated
Blue-winged
PSOTUMGRME A. ate. ond ese O ay eas
Chestnut-sided
Golden Swamp
(Grigio. 2) athe yy ee eee
ELOQOU Cte bot aie ys nr oe
Kentucky
Magnolia

By eee) Bo Ode G) U8) 6)

Sew fat @oe..6. 8.16. Fe @

VEGETA save chs: caccexbiOere & 104,
VIR eet ts tae es ha eke ates 107,
Nashville
ATG meee dee date orate ete od She
Prothonotary
SYA Monee woe Darah etek ws Sie) Sites alee a
Swainson’s
WV iStae WE f2ee B S ee te, Soe dea
Bohemian
COUR ts acess wie Snes Aes
Widgeon, European
VATE © a eentrecrey Brae iets cane exes eneags
WiOOUCORE sat eure ere New eee ee
Whip-poor-will ...... 29. -Si-

Ge <e-.e uel elie. e 8 6 ms
i wiev a lens’ g..¢(m. 0080 © baie
woe 4e,0)5, © © arehe as 618 ©

np st © \e, 7) ey ele a

Woodpecker
Downy

woah. atattas Sts ee

Os © lev eldiays¢. € 5) 0

1 (0 03 Gao TAs Aha sd eR 29,

Northern: -DOwny ts,2. «scene!
Northern Pileated .

Red-bellied
Red-headed

To Lots
Su bine Roos
175, 78;

Ow ey Cae (0) Ce ceheh ae ne Le

Wren, Cactus
Carolina
Canyon
Bewick’s
Florida
Golden
TOMS ES 4 ots ei Sec RS, cron he
Lone-billeds.: Sede 2 oe ie ate
Western Winter
IWaINCE iin shee ch. ie eee ee

Yellow-legs
CECA Aa ss. Ak es Aen So ene

Yellow-throat
Florida

eee @. eee) eats: es) wee alle aaoe | ie
Coe Shine wim. a 16) eulé/e aie u@ alia 6) whe
ar Gia te) © 1e.e,.q)e) 16h Gan) ©) ae a ee

Oh iS a GiNe) a Kot ette 6) 6 erral 6ce wire wale

pen eae eS

St A OUe eee ae ew ed y, Ol els. OV.6 ie (6 Nu) we) 0

SW ene, MAC Let dele OFel a aoe) a) le le

Butterflies
Cats

Deer

Pe eo 6 ew Behe 4 6° eon or he Ca ie ae

105,
Lads

190,
124,
137,

120,

VIII THE OOLOGIST

CAML phir Wo. 5 ov aca non hes Sere Aces are 8 = RADE aa... settee 32, Mens Sieae eee
Foxes RiP fe ih eh ete, 5 Gra seaee emails OL "> Paibale. cee Gaerne eS ieee 144, 145,
ish LE age Sauinrel, Red sees,
CEOIMESE- bes 2. fade oa eisai ee 145 GTAY occ ee eet ee ee eee
GlASSHODDER © oa aaieseesecs.0 se 45S LTS Ground); #2 cencces eter 144,

BSR PUA Dice wo moe ie ome tee eee 6... Spidersy ...B2e &.0s se ee 120,
IG TA7AGE EG [Sa a a al PP ee ok eo 84. i 86), 89". Sima kesry.), mesa ten ene 84, 89,
IMIG SRR cic eater cee seats nha 44 AB DOS A. < Saee eos Mek eee
IIVDH TN cepa 2S 0 hen, ae Rhavrer veseian oh edema iO | Durntles:: oes stesso 84,
INE QIMIKON ec. tn in texan ae sits eee 29) WaSDSrea.. dase. hte

BIRDS-NESTS--EGGS”
TAXIDERMY * NI;

pote oe XTIl. No. 1.

ABBION,- Noi¥ 2, Sane 15; 1916:

WHOLE No. 342

BRIEF SPECIAL

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 cents

your Oologist. |
subscription expires.

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent. No notice in-
serted for less than 25 cents.

TAKE NOTICE. Entered as second-class matter De-
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR cember 21, 1908, at the post office at
Examine the number on the wrapper of Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress

It denotes the time your of March 3, 1879

Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 342 your sub- ; ; ?
scription expires with this issue. 329 your In answering advertisements ib
subscription expired with December issue {j)ese columns mention “The Oologist.”
1914. Other expirations can be computed by 1 ? alles ’

and thereby help us, as well as the ad-

intermediate numbers at the rate of
number per month.

one

vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins,
North American Birds for sale.
to make bona fide exchanges of such
ses only.—EHDITOR.

BIRDS

WANTED—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, Ill.

WANTED.- First class male skins, eastern
collected of 394c, 393, 412a, 463, 501, 511, 615, 617,
627. 721, 735. Offer winter skins from this lo-
cality. A. F. GANIER; 1301 17th Ave. South,
Nashville, Tenn.

Exchange desired with collectors of Bird
Skins who will give bird skins in exchange
for mounting birds for them. D. V. HEM-
BREE, Roswell, Ga.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Freshly killed birds
and animals mounted. skins tanned for birds
eggs in sets with data. R. GRAHAM, Taxi-
dermist, 401 W. Leuda St., Ft. Worth, Texas.

Mounted specimens, bird skins, ornitholo-
gist magazines and books for exchange, or
will trad? for raw furs. M. J. HORM ANN,
1818 Bleecker St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus (Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT., 582 Bidwell Ave.
Portland, Oregon.

nests,
These columns
specimens for

mounted specimens of
the use of those desiring
collecting purpo-

eggs, or
wre for
secientifie

WANTED.—Tv cor:espond with Florida
and northeustern gulf coast collectors of
birds’ skins. A. B. HOWELL, Covina, Cal.

WILL EXCHANGE.—Small collection of
Idaho bird skins for long focus 4 x 5 folding
plate camera box with case and extra hold-

ers. HENRY J. RUST, Coeur D’Alene,
Idaho, Box 683. (1-p)
TO EXCHANGE. — Collection of North

American birds. Collectlon contains 1340
specimens representing 440 species and sub
species. 114 birds are mounted and the rest
in skinform. PHILLIP LAURENT, 31 East
Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia. Pa.

Having completed my collection of N. A.
Warbler’s eggs, I have now decided to pro-
cure a perfect skin of each species, male only,
in full plumage. I will give exceptional
value for these, especially the western forms.
G. A. ABBOTT, 1543 E. 61st St., Chicago, 11).

EXCHANGE.—Having lately unpacked my
collection of birds and mammal skins, which
have been stored several years, I can offer
fine skins of water fowl, Marsh Rabbit and
other species found in ‘this section, in ex-
cnange for sets of eggs, or books on orni-
thology and mammalogy. H. H. BAILEY,
Newport News, Va.

Il THE OOLOGIST

BIRDS

We are anxious at all times to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list of your
list of material and of your wants. We can
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, Passenger Pigeon, Scarlet Ibis.
Blue-headed Quail Dove, White and Gray
Gyrfalcons, Black-capped Vireo. Golden
cheeked Warbler and soon. Writeus today.
WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Rochester, N. Y.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese. Eagles, Ducks,
Prairie Chicken, Mountain Quail, Bob and
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox,
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar,
and other fish. Fresh skins, in meat or alive,
wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals,
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on
cash. DEAN’S NAT. SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Alliance, O,

WANTED.—Excellently prepared skins of
Lewis Ariz., White headed, Gila and three
toed Woodpeckers, Olive, Graces, Lucys and
Virginias Warbler’s; (male only) Massena
Quail, Surf Bird, Chestnut Collared and Mc-
Cowans and Longspurs; Spruce Grouse,
Scotts Oriole, Hepatic Tanager and Ani. I
would-buy such as can be legally sold or I
will exchange sets of Eastern Black Rail,
Woodcock, Upland Plover, Wilson’s Snipe,
Long bill Curleu, Turnstone and Mountain
Plover. GERARD ALAN ABBOTT, 1543.2.
6lst St.. Chicago, I].

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerals in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, I].

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples all kinds printing, Arts
& Crafts Exchange. J. J. WIRZ, 122- 1424
Gwinnett St.. Augusta, Ga.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
PEneee write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

a.

KOR, EXCHANGE: — pair of Eastern
Model climbers and a few sets each of 289,
412, 498, 506, 511, 593. 601, 622 and 631 for birds
eggs. R.C. MARTIN, Jr. Albemarle, La.

A 1 sets for exchange:—53 1-3, 191 2-4, 201 2-4,
208 1-12, 221 1-9, 336 2-3, 412 1-6; 412a 1-6, 456 1-5,
461 2-3. 477 2-4, 488 2-5, 494 2-5, 563 1-4, 584 3-4,
613 1-5, 705 1-5, 725 2-5, 529 2-5, 619 2-5 4-4 eggs
with small holes wanted. WALTER A. GOER-
LITZ, 504 John St., Champaign, 111.

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 373b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552. 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor St.,
Austin, Texas.

I want Nos. 575-378. S. V.
Austinburg, O.

WHARRAM,

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—The following A 1 sets:
3 1-3, 149 1-12, 184 1-4, 187 1-4, 273 1-4, 30d 1-4, 319
1-2, 333 1-4, 337 2-3, 339 1-2, 360 1-5, 360 1-5, 364 1-2,
375 1-3, 474b 1-4, 624 1-4. Want eggs of shore
birds and raptors only. ERNEST 3. NOR-
MAN, Kalevala, Manitoba, Canada.

EXCHANGE NOTICE. — Having under-
taken to assist in the completion of the
oological collection of a public museum I am
in position to use many sets besides those
needed in my own collection and solicit ex-
change lists from all reliable collectors. Am
not a dealer and no sets for sale but offer good
exchange or cash for strictly A1 sets. A. E
PRIGhGrantevark= lle

FOR EXCHANGE.—278 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b_2-3
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 75la
la

C.

2-4 and many others with small holes. for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

Natural History Cabinet for sale or ex-

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
emcEieen species needed for my collection,

C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.
FOR EXCHANGE.—Alligator eggs, also

Limpkin aud lather back turtle eggs. NAT.
P. FRY, Eureka, Marion Co., Florida. (1-p)

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs | of

ELTON PERRY,
St., Austin, Texas.

Bird Skins, animal skins and cleaned skulls

change for stamps not inmy collection. W.
ENS SNYDER, 309 DeClark St., Beayer, Dam
Tis.

BOOKS.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Il.

—

WANTED.—'The Auk,” Vols. I and V
(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagie Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

THE OOLOGIST.

Vou. XXXIII. No. 1. ALBION, N. Y. JAN. 15, 1916. | WuHoLE No. 342

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Ill.

THE EAGLE’S FLIGHT. S)

Now gowned in pure ether, floating
silent and proud;

Guardian thy erie, while young cry
aloud;

A knight and a soldier whom law hath

not cowed.
oy res M. Be

A grand, beautiful, wondrous sight,

Wide sweeping circles of the Eagle’s
flight;

Strong, confident and boundless of
sight

King of the Air, by right and by
might.

Wider and wider, swing thee thy way,

When and where, Oh, none can thee
gainsay ;

On pinions sought in the Indian’s day,

To feather- an arrow, to kill and to
slay,.

With speed of the wind, sail through
the sky

Cleaving the air with thy scream and
thy cry;

Meeting the sun, an eye for an eye

A warrior bold, not afraid to die.

With spiral windings through a rift
in the cloud

or

THE OOLOGIST

General View and Nesting Site of Golden Eagles, showing white-
washed rock. Photo taken at a distance of one-half mile,

By F. C. Willard

THE OOLOGIST 3

THE GOLDEN EAGLE IN COCHISE
COUNTY, ARIZONA.

by F. C. Willard, Tombstone, Ariz.

For some years after taking up my
residence in Arizona I made an un-
successful series of efforts to locate
nests of the Golden Eagle (aguila
chrysaetos). Previous to the year
1910, I had located but two. One was
a deserted nest in Ramsay canon of
the Huachuca Mountains, and the
other was on an inaccessible cliff in
Carr canon of the same mountains.

In March, 1910, I was first success-
ful in locating an occupied nest and
on the 6th of that month secured my
first set of eggs, two in number. This
nest was in a niche in an overhang-
ing cliff in the Dragoon mountains
and was an immense affair, six feet
one way by eight the other. Dried
‘cactus’ leaves comprised most of it
but there were some sticks in the
base, the most of these were well
rotted showing that the nest must
have been a very old one. The eggs
were sparingly spotted and unusually
large. The bird sat very close and
would not flush until almost hit with
a rock. As I was working alone the
overhang of the rocks made securing
the eggs a matter of some difficulty.
The cliff was about 200 feet high and
the nest was 75 ft. down from the top.
I studied this nest for some time from
an opposite cliff trying to be sure that
there was a bird on it. The dark
blotch in the midst of the sticks
might be a shadow or a log for all I
could tell even with the aid of a pair
of binoculars. As I gazed thru the
the glasses steadily, trying to make
out the form of a bird, I noticed the
head begin to turn very, very slowly
toward me until the bill pointed
straight in my direction. After look-
ing at me for a minute or two the
head was turned back into its original
position parallel with the face of the

cliff. I was the happy collector then
and made short work of getting around
the head of the canon and above the
nest and then secured the eggs as
above related.

March 26th of the same year I se-
cured another set close to the city of
Tombstone. The nest was on a ridic-
ulously low cliff and only 15 ft. down
from the top. The eggs were easily
secured. On account of the narrow-
ness of the ledge the nest was small.
Most of the sticks seemed to have
fallen to the ground at the base of
the cliff 35 ft. below. The eggs were
fresh. The bird left the nest as soon
as I appeared at the top of the cliff
and returned but once during the time
spent in trying to take some pictures
and in taking the eggs.

The successes of this season seemed
to break the ice and I have’ taken
one or two sets each year since then.
I had supposed that the eagle was a
rare bird in this section as I seldom
saw one but I have now located eight
pairs within a radius of twenty miles
from Tombstone. They seem to pre-
fer rather barren mountains and nest
on cliffs near the extreme top of the
ridges. These cliffs are rarely over
150 ft. high but face very steep talus
slopes which try wind and muscle
greatly in making the ascent.

At nearly every nest there is one
special rock that is used as a perch
and its white-washed side can be seen
for miles. One such rock in the Dra-
goons is visible from my window
without the aid of a glass tho its
airline distance is over ten miles.

As previously remarked, the eagle,
when flushed, flies straight away and
rarely returns while the collector is
around. I have never had an old
eagle make any threatening move to-
ward me even when the nest con-
tained small young.

On one occasion I was interested in

4 THE OOLOGIST

Typical Nesting cliff showing steep talus slope at its foot, and nest of
Golden Eagle almost in exact center of the picture
—Photo by F. C. Willard

THE OOLOGIST

View of Cliff and Golden Eagle’s Nest found March 6, 1910

Willard

J C.

—Photo by F.

6 THE OOLOGIST

watching one collecting sticks for its
nest. It would alight in the top of
a half dead juniper tree, walk clum-
sily out on a dead branch and break
off a stick with its beak. It carried
this stick in its beak as far as I
could see it, passing close by me en-
route to its nest. I watched it make
several trips, using a powerful glass
to assure myself that it really carried
the sticks in its beak and not in its
talons. A short time there after I
watched another eagle carrying dried
“nigger-head” leaves in its talons. It
was using them as lining. The rag-
ged bunch of leaves hung down prom-
inently and an occasional piece drop-
ped off as the bird sailed toward its
nest.

Each pair has two or more sites
for a nest which are usually quite
close together tho sometimes a mile
or more apart. One of these sites is
the favorite and is used year after
year unless they are disturbed. Then
it is deserted for a year or two and
one of the other sites is used. One
pair I know has five old nests scat-
tered along a single cliff within a dis-
tance of half a mile. Sometimes the
birds seem undecided which sites to
use and fix up two of them at the
same time. A few sticks are added
and the lining renewed each year that
the nest is used.

The weak voice of the Golden EKagle
is a disappointment to one who ex-
pects to hear an eagle “scream.” <A
Redtail Hawk does a much better
screaming act. The only time that an
eagle’s note seems really fitting is
when they are at play, gamboling in
the air. I watched an immense big
one doing some aeronautic stunts over
the summit of the Huachuca moun-
tains. Soaring to a height of some
thousand feet, it closed its wings and
dropped like a black bomb, head first,
straight down, Within a short dis-

tance from the tree tops it half open-
ed its wings and, turning a _ sharp
curve upward, shot straight up as far
as its momentum would carry it. It
then turned a back sumersault, caught
itself with extended wings and soared
away aloft to repeat the performance
time after time. During all the time
it was at play it gave frequent utter-
ance to its call, the rather don’t care
tone fitting admirably with its antics.
Fast as the Bandtailed Pigeon (col-
umba fasciata) is, I have seen it fiy-
ing its fastest to get away from a
pursuing eagle. While seated near
the summit of the Huachucas watch-
ing some warblers, a sudden rush and
roar of wings startled me and close
by, on a level with my eye shot a
bandtailed pigeon. Its; ‘short, quick
wing beats fairly made it sizzle as it
dodged along close to the ground,
under and among the towering pines.
Almost within reach, followed a huge
eagle, its motionless wings almost
closed. In spite of its great size it fol-
lowed accurately the track of the flee-
ing pigeon, its swiftly moving bulk as
it rocked from side to side, making a
roar like an express train. I am hap-
py to say that a few seconds later a
thick clump of fir trees enabled the
pigeon to dodge its pursuer and it
dashed down the mountain side into
the safety of the deep canon below.
Most of the eagles’ hunting takes
place on the treeless plains at the
foot of the mountains. Here a scanty
growth of bushes offers little cover
to its principal quarry, the Jack Rab-
bit. In company with some friends
one day, I watched a pair of these
eagles hunting jack rabbits. They
swooped down and drove the rabbit
to cover under a mesquite bush. Then
one alighted close by and began to
walk toward the rabbit. He was so
frightened he dashed from his shel- .
ter only to be snatched up by the other

F. C. Willard

in situ

ical Nest and Eggs of Golden Eagle
—Photo by

Typ

8 THE OOLOGIST

eagle which had been hovering close
overhead.

The cattlemen say they attack
young calves and injure them so bad-
ly that they die. They cannot carry
the calf off and do not seem to feed
on it after it dies. I have never seen
such an attack made but Mr. William
Lutley, an absolutely reliable man and
accurate observer saw such an occur-
ence and witnessed the death of the

calf. What damage it does in this
way is very insignificant however.
Young fauns' suffer severely and

many of them go to fill the stom-
achs of an eagle family. I saw two

does and a faun race into the cover
of a thicket of pine saplings and hide
while the eagle, a minute late, sailed
around overhead, waiting for them to
come out. The faun in this case was
some months old too.

Eggs from this region are more
sparcely marked than those from Cal-
ifornia. I have taken several almost
immaculate and one quite so. It is
not uncommon to find one of the eggs
unfertile. I have never taken or seen
more than two in a nest.

In but one instance have I any
record of a nest being built any place
except on a cliff. This nest was on
the flat west of the Huachuca Moun-
tains and was placed about twenty
feet up in a large oak (quercus ari-
zonica). This was in June and the
nest contained two fully fledged young
almost able to fly.

NOTE—Of the foregoing halftones
illustrating Mr. Willard’s article those
of the “Typical Nest and Eggs” and
of a “Closer View of Nest and Eggs
of Golden Eagle” and “General View
of Nesting Site Showing White-washed
Rock,” all refer to the same nest.—-
Editor.

ree LS are ey
THE BALD EAGLE.

We have a splendidly illustrated ar-

ticle illustrating the breeding of the
Bald Eagle in Florida by Oscar HE.
Bayard, which we had hoped to pre-
sent with this issue of The Oologist;
but owing to the wealth of illustra-
tions accompanying the same we have
not room for it, and expect now to
use it in the February issue which is

ihe issue we had hoped to devote to
Hawks.—KEditor.

oc Se
FAUL G. HOWES.

It is a pleasure to announce that
Mr. Paul G. Howes of the Maplewood
Biological Laboratory, Stamford, Con-
necticut, and one of the stanchest
friends the Oologist ever had, has re-
cently been appointed Research As-
sistant of the New York Zoological
Society’s new station in British Gui-
ana and sails for South America Jan-
uary 18th in company with C. William
Beebee and G. I. Hartley. This expe-
dition is not simply a collecting trip,
but will take up every important ques-
tion concerning the bird, animal and
insect life of the region which will be
studied in the minutest detail.

We long ago predicted that in due
time our friend Howes would be found
in the head ranks of American Scien-
tists and a reference to a file of the
Oologist will bear this out. We con-
gratulate him upon his new assign-
ment and hazard this further predic-
tion with, it is merely one more step
in what is destined to be a brilliant
scientists career.

JAMES B. PURDY.

Of Plymouth, Michigan, one of the
oldest subscribers to The Oologist,
renews for two years, and a sentence
in his letter accompanying the sub-
scription touches a soft place in the
heart of the editor. It is,

“T am growing old, and may not live |
to see my subscription expire; but in
that event some of my family will

THE OOLOGIST

PARTIIM “OD “A AQ 070 q—
2|he3 uapjoy jo sh6W pue ysanN jo MaIA sasol9

10 THE OOLOGIST

Young Golden Eagle Almost Ready to Fly
—Photo by F. C. Willard

THE OOLOGIST 11

get The Oologist and I hope they will
enjoy it as much as I do, and renew
the subscription.”

Mr. Purdy is a veteran of the war
of the Rebellion, having enlisted with
Company F of the 24th Michigan In-
fantry, and was one of the Guard of
Honor at Lincoln’t funeral when his
remains were placed in their final
resting place in the vault at Spring-
field, Illinois. Through all his years
as a civilian and a soldier, this patri-
arch has never lost his interest in the
birds nor his friendship for our little

publication.
Ore

Eagle’s Nest at Short Range.

I am thinking to night of days long
gone, mellowed by passing years.

Those were glad times when boy-
ish enthusiasm led for a field where
Song of Wood-thrush and Oven-bird
blended with rippling brook and leafy
shade.

The sky was bluer and the bird-
song clearer then than now; yet some
way memory clothes those halcyon
days in gold. We associate eagles
with forest and flood and Mountain
crag, and their nesting with inacces-
sible rock; with lofty trees remote
from path of man; surroundings be-
fitting so fierce a creature.

But the following examples will
show how varied are the habits of
this great bird. It was in 1873 I met
with the first of these; a genuine Bald
Eagle’s nest placed twelve feet from
the ground at the branching of a gnar-
led, under-grown post-oak tree which
stood in a brushy, hilly thicket a half
mile from my father’s house and not
more than six rods from a public road.
The nest also was of the modest form;
a small platform of twigs on which
was placed a large cup-shaped nest
smoothe and deep, of soft grass, shred-
ded corn-husks and corn silk, a
unique structure, compact and thick-

walled; an ample home for the two
eaglets which occupied it until they
were big birds and deserted the hum-
ble place for the high branches of a
tall, dead red oak tree which stood
on a great ridge where daily they
could be seen. At the approach of
an intruder they would fly screaming
away, only to return after a time to
their wanted perch.

Only on the occurrence of a great
ring hunt which frightened most of
the “prairie chicken” and other game
from the region and netted one wolf,
did the Eagles take their departure
for other parts.

Another of these unusual nests I
found during the spring of 1882 in a
small elm tree in a wood where I
frequently hunted for nests of the red-
tailed hawk—of which splendid eggs
I still retain a series, of these eggs
Judge John N. Clark once said “they
are the best of the kind I have ever
seen.”

This nest was similar in every
way to the first, but of its history I
know little. Since then I have sought
these great birds in their wildest
haunts and been chased by them, and
thrilled by the shrill scream, but nev-
er have I been more interested than
by boyish studies of these two lowly-
born young Eagles.

J. W. Preston.

Bald Eagle.

One day while sitting on the porch
of a flat in Waterbury, Connecticut,
I noticed some men across the street
staring up into the sky and using a
glass also. I crossed over to find what
it meant, and looking up I beheld
something grand to me, something I
had wished to see, but had never had
the opportunity. Away up in the blue
ether, were a pair of magnificent
Eagles, which the man with the glass
said were Bald Eagles; around and

12 THE OOLOGIST

around they sailed, always going high-
er and higher every move, graceful-
ness itself, higher and higher, until
they were mere specks, and still high-
er and higher till lost to sight com-
pletely. I stood a long time and look-
ed where I had last seen them even
after they had disappeared from my
sight, and then I wished I could see
them longer though my neck ached
like the toothache.
Geo. W. H. vos Burgh.
ee 8
A Golden Eagle’s Nest in Decator
County, Kansas.

The following notes will show how
very near I came to taking a much
desired set of Golden Eagle. The
nest was seventy feet up in a very
large Cottonwood at the head of a
rather remote draw. Mr. N. S. Goss
sites the nesting of the pair of Golden
Eagles in Comanche County in his,
“Birds of Kansas,” pp.e2do.

May 10, 1906, climbed to a Golden
Eagle’s nest in a high cottonwood
tree; nest built in forks of large hori-
zontal limb, a very large structure,
strong enough to hold me as I lay
across it and showed signs of recent
occupation.

March 2nd, 1907, visited my Eagle’s
nest today. It has been rebuilt, one
of the parent birds near the nest, but
no eggs.

March 15th, 1907, returned to the
Eagle’s nest; no eggs. A fellow killed
one of the Hagles; am much disap-
pointed, would surely have taken
a set if the birds had been let alone.

March 10th, 1908, viisted the Eagle’s
nest today; no eggs. No Eagles were
in sight and the nest has not been
rebuilt.

March 8th, 1909, visited Hagle’s
nest; no eggs. Nest looks as if it had
been rebuilt but no birds in sight.

March 30th, 1910, visited Eagle’s
nest; no eggs. Nest in poor condition

owing to hard wind storms during the
past winter.

February 28th, 1911, visited Hagle’s
nest; no eggs; no birds; nest in same

condition as last year.
March 4th, 1912, visited Eagle’s
nest; no eggs; nest almost in same

condition as last year.

April 18th, 19138, again visited the
Eagle’s nest; no eggs; no birds. A
Swainson’s Hawk has taken up her
abode in the tree. Her nest is in the
very top of the tree above the Eagle’s
nest.

March 14th, 1914. The Hagle’s nest
is still a large nest-but shows a neg-
glect. Swainson’s Hawk still at home.

April 8th, 1915. Visited the EHagle’s
nest; had blown out during the win-
ter, hopes of a set of Golden EHagle’s
eggs from this nest have now van-
ished. Guy Love.

—_-——— 0 <> —________—_

EUROPEAN WIDGEON.
(Mareca penelope)

H. H. Bailey of Newport News, Vir-
ginia, furnishes us the following un-
published records relating to the Eu-
ropean Widgeon in Virginia.

December 4, 1911, Mrs. William Dex-
ter and her son Phillip, shooting from
the same blind on the property of the
False Cape Club, Princess Anne Coun-
ty, Virginia, killed two European Wid-
geons (Mareca penelope). Mrs. Dex-
ter states this record from the club
score book and has not been hereto-
fore published. They were both be-
lieved to be male birds and neither
were preserved.

On December 28, 1915, Mr. L. D.
Grinsted killed in the contributary of
Bach Bay, Virginia, a male European
Widgeon (Mareca penelope). It was
the only duck killed that day and
was sold to a store keeper where I
happened to see it and purchased it.
New Year’s day was a fitting day to

THE OOLOGIST 13

skin it and I presented it to my
father for his collection.
H. H. Bailey.

Newport News. Va.

American Osprey at Ft. Worth, Texas.
As I was making a trip in R. Gra-
ham’s sailboat, “Sea Gull’ on Lake
Worth, nine miles north east of Fort
Worth, Texas, I observed the Ameri-
can Osprey in the act of catching fish.
This country is in their breeding
range, but is rarely ever seen around
Fort Worth.
Earl EK. Moffat.
wl ae

A GIFT FROM NATURE.

Here is a gift from Nature. A gift
that is perfect in its simplicity, beau-
tiful in its meanest existence and
harmless in its beauty.

Nature has given to us beauty in
abundance, the trees, birds, flowers,
butterflies and all living things. Hach
living thing a volume of beauty and
harmony.

The humblest little worm in its
crawling existence has grace and
beauty, and will after the transforma-
tion delight the eye in its wonderful
blending of colors. A thing now of
gentle harmony and beauty, as_ it
smiles in the bright sunlight and ma-
gestically sips the nectar of the flow-
ers. And well it is said that as they
sail and glide along among the gras-
ses and flowers, they are telling the
little worms of a life to come, but not
of a life through Death but of a life
through living. And a glad message
it is because it is unconditional, ex-
cept in one part, “Violate not the laws
of Nature.” Happy are they and well
may they be so, because they are un-
encumbered by superfluous laws. They
have no moral laws because Nature
knows no immorality. They have no
debts except one, and that is that
they live the life established by pre-

cedence and then complete Nature’s
cycle by the reproduction of their
kind.
Cecil Brown,
Pipestone, Minn.

The foregoing accompanied one of
the most beautifully prepared and per-
fect glass encased specimens of the
common Yellow Butterfly we have
ever seen, and the sentiment accom-
panying it is so charming, we pub-
lish it here.—Ed.

lis PE aed OS ae
FRANK M. CHAPMAN.

Last Friday, December 10th, Mr.
Frank M. Chapman, the well known
Ornithologist from the New York Mu-
seum was to lecture before the Buffalo
Society of Natural Science “From
Lake Lerel to Snow Line in Mexico,”
with moving pictures. The previous
day we received a telegram from his
wife in Florida that he was seriously
ill, had to undergo an operation and
was confined in a dark room, and his
engagement had to be cancelled. We
all, that know Mr. Chapman, hope that
he may recover from this ordeal.

His place was taken by Dr. Cum-
mings, an efficient member of our So-
ciety. His topic was “Six months in
New Zealand,” illustrated.

Ottomar Reinecke.
ae ern et Pan PON ee
Rarities.

On the 3rd of December two of my
friends from Niagara Falls came to
Buffalo in their auto and brought me
a fine adult specimen of a Skna or Sea
Hawk which had been sicked up in
the gorge of the falls. There is only
one record of one being shot in 1886
by the late Charles Linden, Buffalo’s
naturalist.

It is blackish brown, the feathers
more or less tipped with chestnut
spots; shafts of the wing and tail
feathers, excepting toward the tip;
more or less streaked with white and

14 THE

chestnut around the neck; under parts

lighter; bill and feet blackish iris
brown.
It is very interesting to me, be-

cause I have two sets of their eggs
in my collection from the Orkney Is-
lands in Scotland.

Ottomar Reinecke.

AN ORNITHOLOGICAL WONDER.

Gentle reader, we are going to take
you into our confidence but you must
promise not to breathe a word to any-
one of what we are about to tell you.

He was seated upon a log in the
woods and watching a wood pecker.
Noting this apparent interest in the
Class Aves we proceeded to get ac-
quainted. The reward was some facts
relative to birds such stupendous mag-
nitude that it madeus dizzy. His
cranial end was a mine of ornitholo-
gical knowledge. He described some
common birds we never dreamed ex-
isted and took apparent pleasure in
over aweing one more modest in store
of learning. He was positively shock-
ed when we admitted that after some
years of careful research we had seen
no bats’ eggs and considered them rare
in collections. He had seen lots of
them. The nests were made of sticks
glued together and to the inside of a
tree or chimney and the eggs were
white without “any freckles on ’um.”
A very mild intimation that a differ-
ence existed between a bat and a
swift met with a storm of indignation
and we never again questioned his
statements. There was some consola-
tion, however, in the discovery that
he was a trifie deficient in a few
minor details—for instance, he did
not know whether the candal vertebra
was situated in the liver or organs
of respiration and was a little uncer-
tain whether the intestinal canal was
located in Michigan or California.
Great as was his brilliancy it posed as

OOLOGIST

an infant beside his egregious conceit
but we found a conceit of such ab-
normal proportions more amusing
than oppresive and as he felt that we
looked up to him with a sort of rev-
erential awe a mutual liking took root
that lasted into the following nesting
season. So it came to pass that he
condescended to honor us with his
presence on our early hawking trips.
He did no climbing but what he did
not know about that art was unworthy
of mention. Somehow we never exe-
cuted an ascension that met with his
full approval and from the start a
volume of advise followed us to the
first limb and from that point back to
terra firma. Difficulties were often
encountered and at such moments he
would recollect how some far more
expert climber fell not half the dis-
tance and knocked his spirit into the
great unknown. So while we worked
and perspired, our friend sat in the
cool shade and passed judgment with
a bearing of ineffable wisdom and an
expression that said plain as words,—
“Someday I will become so disgusted
that I will be obliged to take the irons
and give you a few lessons.”

The season of high climbs was
drawing to a close and we were put-
ting the finishing touches to a _ par-
ticularly difficult one when the irous
tore loose and down we came. _ In-
stead of sympathy the self appointed
advisory board almost wept with in-
dignation that we would not retain
his advice in our empty head piece
and despaired of ever learning us any-
thing. If the reader thinks there is
much joy in dropping fifteen feet and
fondling a pair of skinned shins let
him try it, anyhow, we were not over-
whelmed with joyous emotion; be-
sides, this unvarying, never ceasing,
monotonous outpour of unsolicited
criticism had commenced to under-
mine our nervous system and this lit-

THE OOLOGIST . 15

tle drop brought things to a climax.
We so far forgot out dignity as to say
unkind things—sort of handled the
English language in comprehensive
terms emphasized as “rubbing it in.”
We even doubted his ability to per-
form what he preached and put things
so strong and forcible that he had
either to give an exhibition of artistic
climbing or acknowledge disgrace.
When we started in he looked in-
tensely surprised, then pained and
finally his features took on an ex-
pression of supreme contempt. We
were so delighted when he commenc-
ed to slowly strap on the irons that
we tendered our services which were
coldly rejected. He glanced about
with critical eye and selected a syca-
more—one of those big fellows about
15 feet around the base with the first
limb up near the cloudland and
smcoth backed as a poker chip. In-
justice is not a part of our composition
and we suggested a near by elm. He
considered a moment and decided to
follow our advice. Stroke by stroke
he ascended. Six feet above the ground
was a large knot but he mastered this
with credible skill and higher and
higher he went. He went away up to
almost 12 feet above the ground, then
paused and looked down. Kind read-
er, did you ever look at an object
through a field glass and then view
it through the other end? He was
now getting the other end view of
height. We had read somewhere that
the cold increases with the distance
from the earth and believed it because
we had seen snow on mountain tops
in summer time but with the tempera-
ture at 85 degrees we were surprised
at the intensity of cold only twelve
feet up. He commenced to shake and
shook so hard that owing to the im-
mense size of the stately monarch he
bestrode it also shook to the topmost
branches fully 30 feet above his head.

His pedestals wabbled like a man sup-
porting a small brewery and as he
gazed a combination of pathetic
yearning and forseen disaster beamed
from his eagle eye. The cold be-
numbed his fingers so that he could
no longer hang to the bark and he
gathered the tree in a tender embrace
and followed suite with his legs and
began to slide. All went well until
the knot was reached. Here he got
tangled up somehow but solved the
difficulty by finishing the descent
without any aid from the tree and
wrong end up. An ordinary skull
might have received injury but not so
his opaque dome. He sat up and rub-
ped it and gazed about at the dent
it had made in the ground and inef-
fable gratitude was depicted upon his
countenance. We approached and sug-
gested sycamores and with a _ look
more eloquent than words he arose
and started for home and has ever
since regarded us as the perpetrater
of some heinous crime.

Moral—It is better to know too lit-
tle than too much.

J. Claire Wood.

gg gtr 8 os
A Correction on the Road Runner.

In the description of a Road Run-
ner, page 182, November, 1915, number
otf The Oologist, where I said their
feet were like Kingfishers. This is a
mistake. I meant to say their feet
were like most Woodpeckers.

R. Graham.

The March Issue, which we prom-
ised to devote largely to the prepara-
tion and arrangement of ornithologi-
cal and oological specimens ‘“‘provid-
ed we could secure sufficient copy” is
still in the making; but we are dis-
tressed at the slowness of response to
calls for copy on these subjects. If it
is not up to standard, it will be be-
cause of this failure, and not be-
cause of any intent on our part.

II

WANTED.—Bulletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologie Club, Vol. I1,cdd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
books by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. All bird magazines. W.
ok ERICKSON, 208 West 40th St.. Savannah,

a.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1, skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY kK. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

W4 Ai HK D.—Books. Magazines and Pamph-
Jets about Birds and Natural History Sub-
jects. In all cases state what you have and
the lowest cash prices. No other prices con-
sidered. Address FRANK BENDER, 128
fourth Ave.. New York City. (3-14)

TO EXCHANGE.—I have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals [ mostly Ornithological]
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, eggs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS,
Berwyn. Pa. |2-p]

WANTED.-—For cash. Osprey Vol. I Nos.
2and 4; Vol. III Nos. 8-9-10-11-12. Also need
many numbers of Bird Lore, Oologist, etc
Send list of duplicates and receive mine. R
W. GLENN, Room 107 Penna. Sta., Pitts

burgh, Pa. (IE a) ee
FOR EXCHANGE.—For cash, to best offer;
Newman’s British Moths and Newman’s
British Butterflies. Condition good. In-
quiries answered. CHRIS FIRTH, Durham,
Ont.. Canada. {1-p]

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchangein othernumbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

FOR SALE BIRD LORE.—Lot A, Vols. I
to XII inclusive without volume indexes; Lot
B, Vol. II No, 1 to Vol. XII No, 2. inclusive
without volume indexes and Vol. II No. 2
missing. Will not break lots. State best cash
offer. THOMAS L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St., McKeesport, Pa.

FOR SALE.—Fishers Hawks and Owls;
Birds of America, Audubon, Vol. 2 (tw
plates and binding injured) Vol. 4 good;
Geological Survey West of 100 Mer,, 8 Vols.:
Geol. Zoology, Botany, Archaeology, etc.
complete Sets; cash. “GEO. W. HH: VOS
BURGH. Columbus, Wis.

WANTED.—For exchange or cash. Plates
from Studers Birds of N. A. Nos. 28, 60, 61, oa
80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 107, 109 to 119. Cc. M. CASE,
Holcomb St.., Hartford, Conn.

SEA OT BE cc PR AEE ake Oe eT em. RI

FOR EXCHANGE. — Tobacco tags and
coupons for eggs in sets or Bird Lore Vol. 7
No. 1. Vol. 10 No. 4, also sets of 339 and 360 for
exchange. C. M. CASE,7 Holcomb St., Hart-
ford, Conn.

WANTED,.—In good condition: Nidiolo-
gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.
IV No.3 and index: Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index;
Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. ITI No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. ji
No. 6and index. How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exchange for any of abovel
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and wil.
sell any of my See epee. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. N

THE OOLOGIST

BIRD BOOKS bought and sold by John D.
Sherman, Jr., 403 Seneca Ave., Mount Ver-
non, N. Y. Important, New Catalogue ready
February Ist. Sent to all interested.

WANTED.—Ornithologist and Oologigist
Vol. 1, No. 2 and 4. Bulletin Cooper Club,

Vol. 1 No. 3. Address with price. C. W.
Cae 36 Lincoln St., Boston,
Mass.

Books bought, sold and exchanged. High-
est cash prices for books and m»#gazines
about Birds and all other Natural History
Subjects. Send list of what you have and
state your lowest price. Correspondence on
all matters relating to old books solicited.
THH NEW YORK BOOK MART, 30 Lexing-
ton Ave., New York, N. Y.

WANTED.—For cash or exchange.—Bird
Lore, Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-5-6; Vol. 2 No. 1-2-3-4-5;
Vol. 3 No. 1-2-3-4-5; Vol. 4, No. 1-2; Vol. 5; No.1;
Vol. 7 No. 1-5: Vol. 9 No. 3-5-6: Vol. 10 No. 1-3-
4-5-6; Vol. 11 No. 5-6; Vol. 12 No. 4-6; Vol. 13
No. 1-2-3-4-5; 14 1-2-3-4-5; Vol. 15 No. 4-6; vol. 16
1-2. Lalso will purchase Vols. 1-2-3-10-13-14-15
complete if seller prefers. Also The Auk,
Vol. 1 to 13 and 31 and 32. The Condor, Vol.
1 to 7. The Osprey, Vol. 1-2-3. Blue Bird,
Vol. 6. American Ornithology, Vols. 4-5-6.
Ridgway’s Birds of North and Middle Amer-
ica, Vol. 1-2-3-4. W.H. BROOMHALL, Stock-
port, Ohio.

MISCELLANEOUS.

FOR SALE AND EXCHANGE.—Live
Snakes, Lizards, Baby Turtles. also general
line of Florida insects. NAT. P. FRY.
Eureka, Marion County, Florida. (1-p)

For Collectors, a fine collection of speci-
mens, all large and very fine, one Chnstolite
Tourquoix Matrix, Toursonite Tourmaline,
Californite, Kuzite, Semi Opal, Amazon
Stone, Opal Wulfernite. Opals are very fine,
will sell for 5.00 cash with order. E. W.
KELLY. Box 186, Seneca, I11. (1-p)

Make me offers on fine Sea Lion skins for
mounting. also Sloth Bear from India.
WIRZ, TAXIDERMIST, 1422 Gwinnett, St.,
Augusta, Ga.

FOR SALE.—5 x7 photographs of the nests
and eggs of 26 species of birds of this locality.
Mr. I. E. Hess says they are as good as he has
seen. Send 40c in stamps forone. E. PERRY,
610 Baylor St., Austin, Texas.

WANTED.—A good Stereopticon Lantern
for which I will give good exchange in sets of
bird magazines, books and mounted birds.
Anyone having such- please communicate

with ARTHUR W. BROCKWAY, Hadlyme,
Conn.
We good Graflex Camera, either

ates e5) GNP 1) dc Will give good exchange in
sets, TGutedl birds, back volumes to Auk,

Oologist. Condor and books on birds,
ARTHUR Ww. BROCKWAY, Hadlyme.
Conn,

COLLECTORS ATTENTION.—A _ couple

interested in Natural History who desire to
spend the winter in the South, can act as
care takers on farm in Virginia. Six room
house, fire wood, and milk given, and a
chance to collect. No pay. If interested ad-
dress HAROLD H. BAILEY, 319 Sth St.,

Newport News, Va.

THE OOLOGIST IV

FOR EXCHANGE.—Double Barrel Shot
Gun. Single Shot Rifle 22 cal. revolvers. For
sets of eggs. PAHRMAN BROTHERS, 1011
Fourth St., La Porte, Ind.

WANTED.—A pair of calipers marked in
hundredths and any copies of the “Iowa
Ornithologist.”” Also have a few common
sets to exchange. EMERSON STONER, 432-
38th St., Oakland, Calif. (1-p)

FOR EXCHANGE.—Butterflies and moths
for eggs in sets or others, many common
ones wanted. Would like a copy of “The
Butterflies of the West Coast.” JOHN
GRAVES, 1057 62nd St., Oakland, Cal. (1-p)

WANTED.—To correspond with parties in
Arizona ahd New Mexico who would collect
Beetles for me for cash or exchange. W.E.
SNYDER, Beaver Dam, Wis. (1-p)

WANTED AT ONCE.—A specimen or the
Red Fox in fine winter fur. Also skin or
mounted specimen of the Varying Hare of
Snow Shoe Rabbit in brown summer fur. A
pair of Bald Headed Eagles in the down is
also desired, Address. stating price. DI-
RECTOR, THE CHICAGO ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES. Lincoln Park, Chicago, Ill. (1)

FOR SALE.—I have a fine line of arrows
and spears from Grime County, Texas. Send
He 00 for a dozen perfect arrows. GEORGE

E. DOERGE, Navasota, Texas, Box 484. (1-p)

Brazilian Beetles and small showy shells
wanted. Will give skin of Snowy Owl, eggs,
butterflies or cash. GEORGE ROSSITER,
52 Tiverton Ave., Toronto, Canada. (1-p)

WANTED—A high grade camera, 5x7 pre-
ferred. Offer in exchange fine sets, high
grade Ithaca hammerless gun, any gaugue,
new from factory; or part cash. E. F. POPE,
Colmesneil, Texas.

WANTED
Fisher’s Hawks and Owls

All Kinds Of

Bird Books

STATE NAME AND AUTHOR

ALSO YOUR -LOWEST CASH PRICE

NO OTHER PRICES CONSIDERED

EARL M. MOFFATT
Box 1016 FT. WORTH, TEX.

THE CONDOR

A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Published Bi-monthly by the
Coop2r Ornithological Club of California

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘“‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study”’ can easily un-
derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated
by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in

the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 30c.

Address

W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,
Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

NOTICE

All subscribers whose sub-
Scriptions are unpaid sub-
subsequent to the first day
of January, 1915, are with
this issue dropped from the
subscription list of The Oolo-
gist as provided by law. We
would be glad to have you
all renew, but cannot carry
such subscriptions on our
books further, as to so do
would violate the United
States Statute. Better renew
al ence and: mot lose~ any
issues of The Oologist, as
many back numbers are al-
ready unobtainable.

R. M. BARNES,

Lacon, Ill.

V THE OOLOGIST

DO YOUR PART

MR. READER, these words are meant for you because
we believe you are interested "in. THE OOLOGIS? aaa
future. To the usefulness of this future you can add your
mite if you will. It is easy enough for each one of you to
add at least one new subscriber to the subscription list for
1916.

Candidly, we believe we are giving you more than your
money’s worth at 5oc per annum. We know that it is the
belief of a very large percentage of our subscribers. This
we are willing to continue to do, but would deem it to your
advantage and a favor to ourselves, if you would take an
interest in expanding our subscription list. A number of our
subscribers have already done this. Many more of them
have done nothing along this line

This is a word personal to each subscriber to this maga-
zine to assist us in enlarging its usefulness and sphere of
influence. Will you do your part?

EDITOR

THE OOLOGIST.

BIRDS--NESTS--EGGS / Lge :
TAXIDERMY \

Von, XTIT, No. 2.

ALBION, N. Y., Fepy. 15, 1916,

WHOLE No. 3438

BRIEF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 cents

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent.

serted for less than 25 cents.

No notice in-

TAKE NOTICE.
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 343 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 329 your
a expired with December issue
1914. Other expirations can be computed by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

Entered as second-class matter De-
cember 21, 19038, at the post office at
Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress
of March 3, 1879.

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologist,”
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.
mounted

eggs, or specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of Such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR.

BIRDS

WANTED—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, Ill.

WANTED.-~— First class male skins, eastern
collected of 394c, 393, 412a, 463, 501, 511, 615, 617,
627. 721, 735. Offer winter skins from this lo-
cality. A. F. GANIER; 1301 17th Ave. South;
Nashville, Tenn.

Exchange desired with collectors of Bird
Skins who will give bird skins in exchange
for mounting birds for them. D. V. HEM-
BREE, Roswell, Ga.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Freshly killed birds
and animals mounted. skins tanned for birds
eggs in sets with data. R. GRAHAM, Taxi-
dermist, 401 W. Leuda St., Ft. Worth, Texas.

Mounted specimens, bird skins, ornitholo-
gist magazines and books for exchange, or
will trad9 for raw furs. M. J. HOFMANN,
1818 Bleecker St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus (Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and _a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.
Portland, Oregon.

WANTED.—To correspond with Florida
and northeastern gulf coast collectors of
birds’ skins. A. B. HOWELL, Covina, Cal.

WILL. EXCHANGE.—Small collection of
Idaho bird skins for long focus 4 x 5 folding
plate camera box with case and extra hold-
ers. HENRY J. RUST, Coeur D’Alene,
Idaho, Box 683. (1-p)

TO EXCHANGE. — Collection of North
American birds. Collectlon contains 1340
specimens representing 440 species and sub
species. 114 birds are mounted and the rest
in skin form. PHILLIP LAURENT, 31 East
Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia. Pa.

Having completed my collection of N. A.
Warbler’s eggs, I have now decided to pro-
cure a perfect skin of each species, male only,
in full plumage. I will give exceptional
value for these, especially the western forms.
G. A. ABBOTT, 1543 E. 61st St., Chicago, 1ll.

EXCHANGE.—Having lately unpacked my
collection of birds and mammal skins, which
have been stored several years, I can offer
fine skins of water fowl, Marsh Rabbit and
other species found in this section, in ex-
cuange for sets of eggs, or books on orni-
thology and mammalogy. H. H. BAILEY,
Newport News, Va.

\\a! iNSTity

*~

Il THE OOLOGIST

BIRDS

We are anxious at all times to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list of your
list of material and of your wants. We can
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, Passenger Pigeon, Scarlet Ibis.
Blue-headed Quail Dove, White and Gray
Gyrfaleons, Black-capped Vireo. Goiden
cheeked Warbler and soon. Writeus today.
WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT. Rochester, INE CYS.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese, Eagles, Ducks,
Prairie Chicken, Mountain Quail. Bob and
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox,
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar,
and other fish. Fresh skins, in meat or alive,
wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals.
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on
cash. DEAN’S NAT. SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Alliance, O,

WANTED.—Excellently prepared skins of
Lewis Ariz., White headed, Gila and three
toed Woodpeckers Olive, Graces, Luc ys and
Virginias Warbler’s; (male only) Massena
Quail, Surf Bird, Chestnut Collared and Mc-
Cowans and Longspurs; Spruce Grouse.
Scotts Oriole, Hepatic Tanager and Ani. I
would buy such as can be legally sold or I
will exchange sets of Eastern Black Rail,
Woodcock, Upland Plover, Wilson’s Snipe,
Long bill Curleu, Turnstone and Mountain
Plover. GERARD ALAN ABBOTT, 1543 E.
6lst St.. Chicago. Ill.

EGGS.

In sending iu your exehange notices
for nests, skins and ezgs, we would ap-
preciafe it if you would arrange the
Huerduis im your exehange notice in
their muinerical order, and not tumbte
them together hit and miss, as some of
eur readers vre eomplaining, and we
think justly so.

Iam always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, II}.

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples al! kinds printing, Arts
& Crafts Exchange. J. J. WIRZ, 1422-1424
Gwinnett St.. Augusta, Ga.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
pees write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

a.

FOR EXCHANGE,—A pair of Eastern
Model climbers and a few sets each of 289,
412, 498, 506, 511, 593, 601, 622 and 631 for birds
eges. R.C. MARTIN,Jr. Albemarle, La.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Complete sets of Nova
Scotia birds’ eggs for hammerless shot guns
or rifles, in good condition. Parker gun pre-
ferred. Write for my list and tell me what
UE a R. W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova

cotia.

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor St.,
Austin, Texas.

EGGS

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey to exchange and what do you want?
i want. Nos: b/b-s7/6.) Bs. ove WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Sectia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—The following A 1 sets:
3 1-3, 149 1-12, 184 1-4, 187 1-4, 273 1-4, 305 1-4, 319
1-2, 333 1-4, 337 2-3, 339 1-2, 360 1-5, 360 1-5, 364 1-2.
375 1-3. 474b 1- 4, 624 1-4. Want eggs of shore
birds and raptors only. ERNEST 3. NOR-
MAN, Kalevala, Manitoba, Canada.

EXCHANGE NOTICE. — Having under-
taken to assist in the completion of the
oological collection of a public museum I am
in position to use many sets besides those
needed in my own collection and solicit ex-
change lists from all reliable collectors. Am
nota ‘dealer and no sets for sale but offer good
exchange or cash for strictly Al sets. A. E.
PRICE, Grant Park, Ill.

FOR EXCHANGE.—273 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b 2-3
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 75la
2-4 and many others with small holes, for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. C. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

Natural History Cabinet for sale or ex-
change. Suitable for bird skins, eggs, botany,
minerals or shells. Want back numbers of
magazines. ALBERT LANO, Fayetteville,
Arkansas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Europeanand Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Alligator eggs,
Limpkin aud lather back turtle eggs.
P. FRY, Eureka, Marion Co., Florida. (-p)

FOR EXCHANGE.—5d x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

Bird Skins, animal skins and cleaned skulls
eggs in sets and named Coleoptera to ex-
change for stamps not in my collection. W.
k, SNYDER, 309 DeClark St., Beayer, Dam

1s

BOOKS.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

WANTED.—'‘The Auk,” Vols. I and VI
(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

i stif t
o& QE

THE OOLOGIST.“

Vou. XXXIII. No. 2. Aupion, N. Y. Fepy. 15, 1916. WHOLE No. 348

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, I i

The largest Bald Eagie’s nest ever known in Florida, measuring 18 feet from
top to bottom and having been used over 40 years.
—Photo by Oscar E. Baynard

18 THE OOLOGIST

The Bald Eagle in Florida.

Of all the birds that it has been my
good fortune to study here in Florida
during the past eleven years, none
have been so baffling and unsatisfac-
tory from the point of view of the
Oologist as the Bald Hagle.

Each year I promise myself that I
will waste no more time chasing
around after this bird, but every win-
ter about November first I begin to
look over my climbing apparatus and
wonder if this year won’t be a better
one for me, and usually decide that it
will so by December lst I am chasing
around every spare moment looking
up all the old sites and hunting for
new ones so that by the last of Janu-
ary I have generally climbed into no
less than 20 to 30 Eagle nests with
the results that I usually have a very
few sets (if I am real lucky) and a
bunch of photographs that are general-
ly unsatisfactory to me and an in-
grown conviction that I will never
waste another season on this noble
bird of prey. Bald Eagles are what
my late lamented friend Billy Crispin
said once, “a darned unsatisfactory
bird for the Oologist.”

However, one cannot spend as much
time as I have in the past eleven years
with any respect and rever it. I will
record some of these facts for future
ornithologists who might wish to study
this bird, provided however, they don’t
put it off too long in the future, be-
cause I am very much afraid that Bald
Eagles will soon be classed with Paro-
quetes and Sand Hill Cranes.

Baldy usually nests here in Florida
from early in December, (rarely be-
fore) with the ones in the interior and
Northern parts of the State, until Feb-
ruary 15th with the ones of the Coast
and the Keys in the Southern part.
My idea of this great difference in time
is account of the food supply, is the
Eagles of the interior feed more gen-

erally on Ducks and Rabbits, while his
brother on the coast is more of a fish
eater and not being so good a fisher-
man as the Osprey waits until this
bird begins to nest so as to have a
sure supply of fish for its young, as I
have noted that the Eagles of the in-
terior do not as a rule harry the Os-
prey nearly as much as the ones of the
Coast.

Eagles are becoming more scarce
in all parts of the state, due partly to
the settling up of the country, but
mainly due to the fact that every
man’s hand is against this grand bird.
Alas, the Eagle is fond of young
“Razor Back Pig” and as the natives
have been known also to like this
dish, the Eagle naturally has to suffer.
I have known of several instances
where the farmer has waited until the
nest contained young, cut the tree and
destroy the young and at that time
shoot the parents who are so soliciti-
ous for the young that they lose their
usual caution. Then again Eagles do
not always lay every year, and as they
usually lay one and two eggs, very
rarely three, they naturally cannot in-
crease very fast. Contrary to the con-
clusions of most ornithologists I find
that the Bald Eagle will many times
lay the second set if the first one is
collected and I know for a fact that
this will happen with over 50 per cent.
of the pairs. Only on one occasion did
I ever find four young in a nest but
a careful study of this pair showed
that they had been unable to raise any
young for three years and undoubtedly
Nature helped them in this instance to
sort of even up. For three years this
pair had been broken up by our tim-
berman cutting the tree in which their
nest was located, each time this pair
moved back in the timber about a
mile and built and laid the next year
and was cut each time until they
moved beyond our timber operations.

19

THE OOLOGIST

“4 abil

we oO ae Mh a en hsb aaa - ee “Y

os
"He

met

Oscar E. Baynard climbing to nest of Bald Eagle in Florida, December 26, 191C
Nest 125 ft, from the ground

20 THE OOLOGIST

E. J. Court of Washington, wrote me
about a nest of four he had observed
and my late lamented friend Darling-
ton almost made me envious when he
showed me his set of four the last
time I was home. Sets of four are
so rare that very few collections wiil
ever have one, and a set of three will
be just about as great a rarity and
my personal opinion is that many of
the sets of three are not authentic
sets by any means.

On eight different occasions I have
found that an adult female will mate
up with an immature male, but never
have I seen an immature female
mated up with an adult male. In each
of these eight cases there was one in-
fertile egg, and I never in all my ex-
perience found an infertile egg in a set
from a pair of adult birds.

The female is much the braver bird
about the nest and will take more
chances than the male every time.
Never, though, have I been attacked
by an EHagle, although I have climbed
into a few, or at least it might be con-
sidered a ‘few’ by some folks, my
notes show 259 Eagle nests in the past
eleven years that I have been in.

The nearest to being attacked was
the time I spent the entire night in a
nest with a young pair. See Bluebird,
December, 1914.

Except on the keys along the Coast,
our Eagles here always use a live pine
tree, deserting it usually when the tree
dies. On the keys I have found them
as low down as ten feet in the man-
groves while in the interior they go as
high as 140 feet. The preference for
pine trees is shown very plainly on
an island in the Gulf that is about 8
miles long and contains one little
runty scrub of a pine about 18 feet
high, this bush has an. Hagle’s nest in
it and is yearly looted by boys, while
on this same island there are thous-
ands of better locations in the man-

grove thickets that it would be almost
impossible for any one to locate.

I have had many thrilling experien-
ces in climbing into these 259 Hagle
nests, but a recital of these would
make a story in itself, however, from

the ornithologist’s point of view I have
gleaned the following facts, which
when I compare them with the exper-
iences of Billy Crispin the last time
we were together, fitted in with his ob-
servations to a nicety.

If the pair of eagles are sitting
around when you arrive at the nest
tree, they have either not laid yet or
there is young in the nest, previous
observations on this nest as to time of
eggs will be a help here to one.

If one bird stays on the nest until
the tree is rapped upon there will bea
set of eggs, unless it is very cold or
about daylight or sundown, when if
they have really young they will stay
on and hover them.

If the eagle is standing up in the
nest when first seen, she has either
one egg or is about to lay, so if you
want a full set from this nest refrain
from climbing up for several days be-
cause if you climb up and find one egg
and leave it for a full set you will get
left sure, as they invariably break the
egg and you will find the shell on your
next visit. I find one exception to this,
however, in one nest in which I left an
ege when I went back I found the egg
gone, no shell anywhere or any sign
on the lining of the nest where it had
been broken, and to deepen the mys-
tery the pair never were seen about
this nest again that year. I always
thought they moved it to another nest
somewhere.

As near as I can judge it takes five
weeks for an eagle egg to hatch, and
the young are born with their eyes
open and up to a month old show no.
fear of man but will eat readily of any
food that you give them that is usual-
ly in abundance on the nest. The
young are covered with greyish down
and show no sign of feathers until
three weeks old when their wings be-
gin to sprout a few. While I am un-
able to state exactly, it takes about 12
weeks from the time of hatching until
the young can fly, and at that age are
usually much larger than the parents.

Oscar EK. Baynard.
December 26, 1915.

THE OOLOGIST 21

Bald Eagle’s nest and ecos in situ, nest in pine 125 feet up
—Photo by Oscar E. Baynard

22 THE OOLOGIST

The Red-shouldered Hawk of Cayuga
County, N. Y.

In this locality of Cayuga County,
New York, especially around the City
of Auburn, the Red-shouldered Hawk
is the predominating “‘Buteo”. There
are no woodlands as a rule large, or
wild enough for the Redtail, Sharp-
shinned, or Broadwinged to breed in,
although the latter are common mi-
grants. However, there are exceptions
to all rules. In the Southern part of
our country we have a number of
heavily wooded hillsides, and here the
Redtail is found breeding to some ex-
tent; also I have found the wild little
Sharpshinned Hawk breeding in this
locality, although very rare. I have
known of no instances of the Broad-
winged breeding. The Cooper’s Hawk
is a fairly common breeder with us
and one can usually coliect several
sets of this species in the month of
May.

However, coming back to my topic,
the Red Shouldered Hawk, I would
say that this bird is generally found
breeding very commonly in any siz-
able woods, whether swampy or of a
highland nature. In the swamps the

bird invariably picks out the maple
as a nesting place, sometimes other

trees are used but very seldom. On
the highland woods the beech is the
favorite tree, and I think that the lat-
ter is the common site for the Red
Shouldered Hawk. Out of sixty-nine
habited nests examined, thirty-eight
were in beech trees, seventeen in
maple, basswood, and elm and contain-
ed three each, birch and sycamore, two
each and evergreen, ash, iron wood
and chestnut, one’ each.
Occasionally this bird stays over
winter with us. A case of this kind
is seldom, and occurs no more than in
the case of a Robin staying over, like
the latter the Hawks confine them-
selves generally to the densest

swamps. In the case of an eariy
spring, and an unusually mild winter,
in the latter part of February a few
Hawks appear from the South. This
is an extreme case. Usually the Red
Shouldered Hawk begins to appear
from its winter home from the middle
of March on to April when all of its
kind should be with us.

From now on to about April 12th is
the nest building time. The earliest
date for a set of eggs in this locality
to my knowledge is April 8th and I!
have taken eggs not far advanced ix
incubation as late as May 17th. These
are extreme cases. The time for col-
lecting full sets of eggs of this spe-
cies, is between the 20th and 25th of
April. After breeding and living with
us during the spring, summer and part
of the fall months, the Hawks migrate
to their winter homes around Octobei
15th.

As to the number of eggs layed by
the Red Shoulder, I would say that I
think three is the average number in
a set. Out of sixty-nine nests exam-
ined, thirty-seven contained three
eggs, nineteen contained four, thir-
teen contained two. I have never
taken a set of five eggs, but I know of
two sets of that number taken in this
county in one season.

The nest of the Red Shouldered
Hawk is very easy to locate for a per-
son knowing the country in which they
breed and to a person that has in the
past studied the birds to some etxent.
Instances are known in this country
that this species has used the same
nest for a period between twenty and
thirty years. This is not saying that
the same pair of birds used the nest,
but the same pair of birds will invar-
iably come back to their home nest
if the latter is not destroyed or the
female bird killed. In taking sets of
eggs from year to year thus forming
a series, a person can tell by the type

THE OOLOGIST 23

Bald Eagle’s nest 125 feet from the ground in which Oscar E. Baynard spent
an entire night Christmas Eve, 1910. (For publishing account see
“Bluebird” for December, 1910)

—Photo by Oscar E. Baynard

24 THE OOLOGIST

of egg when a new female bird has
taken the nest for her home. This is
shown by the distinct difference in
shape or color of the new eggs.

Seventy-five feet is the greatest
height I have ever found a nest above
the ground and twenty-feet is the
least. The average height for sixty-
nine nests is forty-one and one half
feet.

The nest of this Hawk is composed
of sticks of all sizes and barks. Some
nests that are repaired from year to
year get to be very large, and conse-
quently the bottom of some nests are
a mass of decaying wood.

The most common lining used is
hemlock and grapevine, although
feathers, corn husks, moss, cow and
pig’s hair, leaves, fine twigs, and dried
ferns are commonly used. I have
found nests lined with paper, milk-
weed, fine vines, an old Oriole’s nest
and a piece of a grain sack, but the
latter are exceptional cases.

I am in such a position this year
that it eliminates me from visiting
the haunts of my old friends but the
fever is upon me just the same, so |
thought I would do the next best thing
and write a few notes on the Red
Shouldered Hawk.

Carl F. Wright.
see Net a le a ee SS

An Albino Turkey Vulture.

J. B. Ellis of Florida, writes under
date of December 12th, “I have just
killed and prepared skin for mounting
of an Albino Turkey Vulture. A few
feathers are black, some otf the wins
and tail feathers are white on one side
of the quill and black on the other
side, but nearly all the feathers are
chalk white. I would like to know
if any others are in existence, and if
so, how many.”

We are sure that this is indeed a
rare find and have never heard of an-
other Albino of this species.—Ed.

An Old One.

Recently in the purchase of a collec-
tion of eggs of the late Henry W.
Beers, we received a set of eggs ac-
companied by data on the blank of the
late J. B. Canfield, filled out in Mr.
Canfield’s handwriting, for a set of
two eggs of the Great Horned Owl,
taken by Dr. W. S. Strode in Fulton
County, Illinois, February 8, 1888.

Not having the original data for this
set, we wrote the Doctor regarding it,
and he kindly forwarded us an orig-
inal data for this set of eggs in his
own handwriting, and has the follow-
ing to say, which we publish without
his knowledge or consem. It reads:

“It has been a long while since I[
collected that set of eggs, but I recall
the occurrence very well, as it was
one of the hardest climbs I ever made.
And when I got safely down with the
eggs, I lay on the ground and panted
for breath for quite a long while. I
was all alone, and the tree stood in
the bottom of a deep hollow about a
mile from anywhere.”

of a ee
Odd Finds.

1. Common Tern.

One runt egg (96x83) found June
16, 1912, Georgian Bay, Ontario. The
egg was deposited in a slight hollow
of the ground, which formed the nest.
It is of grayish color and marked
only at the smaller end.

2. Bluebird.

A nest of this species was found in
a cavity of a dead birch a few feet
from the ground. It contained three
young a few days old and two fresh
fertile eggs; one of which was an al-
bino.

P. Harrington.
Toronto, June 2, 1912.
se et ee
The Stork.

The well-known oologist, Gerald A.

Abbott announces that a stork’s egg

THE OOLOGIST

Oscar E. Baynard in Bald Eagle’s nest in Florida, holding Young Eaglets
in his hands

—Photo by Dr. R. H. Mills

25

26 THE OOLOGIST

hatched at his home for the first time,
January 5th, leaving Dan Arlington
Abbott, weight eight and one half
pounds.

Oscar E. Baynard, the leading oolo-
gist in Florida, is likewise celebrating
a visit from the same wise bird.

Our brothers are to be congratu-
lated.

i id
Hawk Nests.

April 7, 1915, Red-Shouldered Hawk.
This nest was about 35 feet up ona
Black Oak. The two eggs it contained
were white with brown and purplish
washes and streaks on them. Four
days later when this set was collectel
there were four eggs; one of which
was blotched with brown and one
which was pure white.

April 8, 1915. Red-Shouldered Hawk.
Nest about 40 feet up in White Oak
in woods along Des Plaines River and
at this time was only half built. On
the 16th it held one egg and on the
22d two eggs which were all they laid
and so were left. The next visit to the
nest was made on June 5th, when I!
took some friends over to photograph
the young which were now about three
weeks old. Some of the fresh green
leaves in the nest were blood stained
and a farmer nearby told us the hawks
had been getting his baby chickens.

April = 28. 295. Red-Shouldered
Hawk. This was an old nest from
which I took a set of three eggs last
year, and on this date had a few feath-
ers in it. On the 29th it heid one egg
and on May 15th two. I waited until
June 5th before I visited it again and
then I found only some broken egg
shells in the nest.

April 29, 1915. Cooper’s Hawk.
When this nest was found it had just
been finished. It was about 45 feet up
in a Black Oak and was build on top
of an old crow nest. On May 9th it
held one egg and on the 16th three

eggs which I supposed were all they
lay but when I visited the nest on
June 5th there were four eggs. The
next and last visit was on June 16th
when two of the eggs were just hatch-
ing.

May 9, 1915. Sparrow Hawk. A nice
set of five fresh eggs was taken from
a hole about 20 feet up in a telephone
pole. A set of Flicker eggs was taken
from this same hole about three years
ago.

May 10, 1915. Sparrow Hawk. The
birds were found today around a dead
stub where they nest last. year. On
the 17th four eggs were found in the
stub and on the 19th they were collect-
ed. At the same time a pair of Blue-
birds were nesting in the stub and on
June 29th a set of Flicker eggs was
found in the old Sparrow Hawk nest.

May 19, 1915. Marsh Hawk. While
tramping around in a weedy patch on
the edge of the Skopie Slough where
a pair of Hawks nested last year, I
flushed a female from a nest and five
eggs. On May 25th after a heavy three
day rain the nest was found in a foot
and a half of water with eggs broken.
About 25 feet from here an American
Bittern’s nest was found with three
eggs which had also been flooded out.

Out of the nine Red-shouldered
Hawk nests found this year by a
friend and I, we were only attacked
once while climbing to them. All the
nests were found near Highland Park,
Lake County, Illinois.

Colin Campbell Sanborn.
Evanston, II1.
i eee

A Wisconsin Herony.

Some twenty-five years ago I discov-
ered a fair sized herony of the Black
Crowned Night, and the green. It had
just been shot up by some boys and
the nest robbed; dead birds lay all
about. I later obtained a few nice
sets from here of each species. There

THE OOLOGIST 27

Dr. W. F. Blackmon, President Florida Audubon Society, with young

Bald Eaglets in his hands
—Photo by Oscar E. Baynard

28 THE OOLOGIST

was maybe a hundred nests of both
kind. The boys kept shooting the
birds and breaking the eggs until they
entirely broke it up and I thought I
had seen the last of the herons in this
locality, because mainly the scarcity of
suitable nesting sites; so, if you
please, imagine my agreeable surprise
when on Christmas Day, 1915, I dis-
covered a new herony in a piece of
virgin timber, containing about thirty
nests, all in good condition and appar-
ently of the Black Crowned variety.
George W. H. vosBurgh.
ee ee ee ee
A Young Red-Tail.

Madam Red-tail (Buteo borealis)
certainly expressed wisdom when she
selected the main flock of a giant ash
as a nesting site and would have re-
mained in undisturbed possession had
she displayed an equal sagacity in va-
cating at our approach but she calmly
sat upon her lofty domicile regardless
of the noise made by application of
irons and clubs to the tree trunk ac-
companied by a song and dance. It
was no unconquerable craving to as-
cend tall trees that inspired me to
climb but a curiosity to ascertain how
near the nest could be approached
before madam would leave. The ar-
most imperceptible sound of the
climbers alarmed her more than all
previous demonstration and scarcely
ten of the seventy-five feet of limbless
tree trunk was covered when she glid-
ed silently away. I was inclined to
call the climb off but my companion
failed to see the matter in that light.
He was anxious to learn what the nest
contained and had no serious personal
objection to sitting in the shade anu
allowing me to ascend and find out.
As he was not addicted to the climb-
ing habit his mind conceived no great-
er labor in the ascension of a large
tree than riding on a street car, but
why weary the reader with detail. In

brief, the nest contained two hand-
some juveniles clothed in grayish
white down with flesh colored legs,
black beaks, yellowish green ceres and
eyes with dark brown iris and dark
blue pupils and one of these young-
sters was abducted and the date was
May 3d, 1903.

On May 6th, I took the following
data: Spread of wings from fleshy
tips, not end of down, 12 inches and
weight one pound. One week later to
an house the above was repeated with
the following result. Spread 18%
inches; weight 15g pounds.

It was my intentions to repeat this
each week and also note further de-
velopment, but the captive was so un-
kind as to tumble from a second story
window and now, above his lovely
grave behind the woodshed, the in-
questive citizen may read these pa-
thetic lines:

Window high

Near sky

Heard shout

Rubbered out

Big drop

No step

Stone walk

Dead Hawk.

J. Claire Wood.
Detroit, Mich.

SSS STEELY
J. Hoopes Mattack.

Death has called another Pennsyl-
vania Oologist, in J. Hoopes Mattack,
who died January Ist, 1916. Mr. Mat-
tack was born near West Chester, Sep-
tember 28, 1832. During the period uf
his greatest activity from 1870 to 1885
he was an ardent collector and suc-
ceeded in getting together a very cred-
itable collection of our local species,
together with others acquired by ex-
change.

His collection did not boast of any
very rare species, but he collected
quite a good many that at the time

THE OOLOGIST 29

were considered very desirable, among
the coterie of younger collectors who
were then just beginners.

He had a very fine set of five Sharp-
shinned Hawk taken near by, which
the writer was fortunate enough to
acquire. He also secured the first set
of Broad-winged Hawks recorded in
this county and which at that time
was really quite rare, compared with
the present. The eggs of the Turkey
Buzzard at that time were also consid-
ered great prizes and he took probab-
ly the first set in Chester County as
well as those of the Whip-poor-will
and Ruffed Grouse. Mr. Mattack was
a man of abundant leisure and dur-
ing the collecting season devoted much
of the time to his hobby, much to the
envy of some of the younger members
of the fraternity, myself among them
who only had a day off now and then.
He retained most of his collection to
the time of his death but it now prob-
ably will be disposed of at an early
date.

Thomas H. Jackson.
pn ee er Coe
Cooper’s Hawk.

(Accipiter Cooperii)

This Hawk is called common by
very many and no doubt is in other
localities but here the Red shouldered
easily beats it. A description of the
bird itself is unnecessary and the only
excuse for these notes is that my ex-
perience has been different from some
others I have read in regard to its
nesting and eggs.

This Hawk was named by Bonaparte
in his American Ornithology (1828)
Cooper’s Hawk, and by Audubon in
his Orn. Bioy. (1831) Stanley Hawk.
The name given it by Bonaparte
stands today and I think few outside
the very scientific world know what
a Stanley Hawk was. ;

I believe it to be the very greatest
bird destroyers in this locality and am

glad it is no commoner. The young,
however, make fine subjects to photo
on account of their contrasty color.
Too many farmers call all Hawks Hen
Hawks, but this one seems to be
known to them and is hated by all
who raise chickens, etc., and a pair of
Cooper’s Hawks in his neighborhood
causes a farmer more worry than his
money, for once they get a chicken
from his yard, they will return for
more every time. Like the claim of
many medicines they are the “only
original and genuine,’—in this case
poultry and game destroyers.

A few years ago on the Wayland
Meadows, I saw a Cooper’s Hawk dash
after a Hen Pheasant. The Pheasant
hit it up pretty well but was soon
overtaken but in the mixup the Hawk
must have missed a hold on the Pheas-
ant’s back and caught her head, for I
saw her drop and ran to where she
fell and found that her head had been
torn off.

One morning in early May I was
trying to open up a Hairy Woodpeck-
er hole in a big Maple tree that wasn’t
very dead with a key hole saw that
wouldn’t cut. I had a regular monkey
hold on the tree and was perspiring
freely. High up in the top of the tree
eating the buds was a red squirrel.
He chatted to nie while he ate and I
cussed at him while I tried to saw.
Suddenly a Cooper’s Hawk brushed
across the top of the tree and took the
red squirrel with him and I thought
to myself—those that laugh last, etc.

The ideal place to look for this
Hawk’s nest here and where ninety
per cent are found (in 1894 found my
first one) is in a tall pine or cedar that
stands in good big woods. Some nests
have been only twenty feet up but
more forty to sixty. Now in Maine, a
very fine writer, Prof. Knight, states
that an old Crow’s nest or other large
bird’s nest is used but here a nice,

30 THE OOLOGIST

large, new nest of dead sticks is made
with a lining composed of a few small
bits of bark.

When a bird is broken up then a
nest of another bird is patched up and
used. To illustrate this, on the 29th
day of April, one year, I took a set
of five eggs from the usual brand new
nest; May 16th took four eggs, which
I believe to be the same birds that
patched up an old Crow’s nest two
hundred yards from first nest ana
June 18th took three eggs from a
made over Crow’s nest one hundred
yards from the second nest.

For a number of years I believed (as
many books state) that the eggs of
this Hawk were bluish white with
faint markings of red or brown on
some and had passed up Cooper’s, as
they are a drug on the market, until
one day having found nothing up to
nearly noon decided to start my luck
with a set, as I saw a bird fly from
a pine that to climb was a regular
ladder. On iooking at the set in the
nest I saw that all were quite heavily
spotted and wondered if I had found
a new Hawk. They proved to be, of
course, Cooper’s. Since then I have
found sets even better marked and a
number with one to three marked
nicely.

In three out of five nests, five eggs
is a set in my experience and nest in
photos had five eggs, one being in-
fertile.

Roscoe I. Giles.
ee OME a RE Snes SA
Hawks of N. E. Ohio.

Including the Osprey as a visitor
here, we have ten species of Hawks
to be found in this part of Ohio some-
times during the year. They are—Os-
prey, Goshawk, Red-tailed, Red-should-
ered, Cooper, Sharp-shinned, Broad-
winged, Marsh, Sparrow and Pigeon
Hawk, which I conisder the most rare
of the list as I have found but a few

specimens of this bird here. The Gos-
hawk is only a winter visitor, while
the Broad-winged and Sharp-shinned
are to be found here I have not found
them nesting. The Cooper and Red-
shoulder are our most plentiful hawks.
While the Marsh, Harrier is next. The
Red-tailed is becoming more scarce
each year. I have a very few nesting
sites left occupied, one in the top of
a large beech tree eighty-five feet up.
This hawk if undisturbed, will occupy
the same nesting site for several years
and the old nests when left are often
used by the Red-shouldered as are al-
so those of the Cooper.

I have one site built four years ago
by a pair of Cooper’s and every season
since it has been occupied by a pair
of Red-shouldered. I have not known
of the Marsh Hawk using the same
nest a second time, but will. nest for
several years in the same swamp.
Last year the State of Ohio saw fit to
place a bounty of one dollar on the
head of each Goshawk, Blue Hen,
Cooper and Duck Hawk killed in the
state, providing the trustees of a town-
ship appropriated a fund for that pur-
pose, which in many cases they failed
to do. I have never seen a duck hawk
in Ohio and would be glad to hear
from anyone that has.

S. V. Wharram.
eee Fee ae Sh a
After Cooper Hawk Eggs.

During the winter of 1914 and 1915
I read every available bit of material
about the nesting of this chicken thief
and fully determined that I would hunt
for nests in the spring. When spring
did come I scoured every strip of
woods that was accessible but it was
not until May 2d, 1915, that I found
my first nest.

Karly that morning I entered a ten
acre strip of woods and saw several
squirrel nests. While examining these
I saw a Hawk’s tail sticking over the

THE OOLOGIST 31

edge of a nest in an oak and I threw
a stick at it. I was delighted to see a
Cooper Hawk pop off the nest and fly
away. The nest was about thirty-five
feet from the ground and there were
dead limbs two-thirds of the distance,
but I was soon at the nest and found
that it contained one bluish white
egg. As this was the first hawk nest
I had ever found, I was surprised to
find it to be such a pile of trash. It
was lined with pieces of white oak
bark as big as an ordinary watch and
there was scarcely any cavity, the top
being almost flat.

On May 7th, I again climbed to the
nest hoping to secure a full set of
eggs but was completely disappointed
in finding two eggs. I took the first
one home and blew it out. It was
fresh and measured 1.89 x 1.41. I vis-
ited the nest again next day and found
two eggs, so I took the second. It
was fresh also and measured 1.76x
1.41. I did not again go to the nest
until May 16th. I did not see either
Hawk. There was one egg in the nest
and it was warm. I brought it home
also; it was slightly incubated and
measured 1.83x1.41. I suppose this
was the second set of eggs for they
generally lay five around here.

Ralph R. Wilson.
2*+~<
The Bald Eagle.

On December 4th, 1915, I saw a
Bald Eagle flying over our farm. The
bird was flying about 250 feet above
the ground. The white tail and head
were distinctly visible. This is the
first eagle I ever saw here. This one
was flying towards the Missouri River.

Ralph R. Wilson.
Stance Pi, SEEM |

Hawks Slaughter Quail in Texas.

Thousands of quail have been
slaughtered in West Texas during the
present hunting season by hawks and
chaparral birds, according to San An-

gelo, Tex., hunters, who say the supply
of quail was less this year than in
many years previous.

Some hunters are advocating killing
these birds, saying that for every
hawk or “road-runner”’ killed at least
fifteen quail are saved.—Star Tele-
gram.

Here is a clipping which might in-
terest you. This is the Road Runner
in a new light. Such things as this
when published in a newspaper of
good standing do more to destroy our
bird life than a dozen boy hunters.
Let’s let off yelling “kill the cats” and
sing “Educate the Editors.” This
thing of bad nature is getting to be a
habit now days. Many a farmer boy
will grab his “trusty rusty” and sole-
ly on the strength of this bit of ignor-
ance, go forth and leave a ruin of
Hawks and “chapperals” in his wake.

Chas. R. McLendon.

It is just such silly half-baked copy
as the foregoing drifting into the of-
fice of the daily publications that is
responsible for a great deal of the
dense ignorance existing with relation
to the Hawks and Owls of this coun-
try. We agree with Brother McLen-
don that something ought to be done
to educate the editors.—KHd.

tet ee ee ee
A Krider’s Hawk Trick.

In March, 1915, while G. E. Maxon
and myself were looking for some old
hawks’ nests a Krider’s Hawk played
a trick on us two different times. Mr.
Maxon was climbing up to a nest and
the Hawk flew over him screaming.
The nest had green leaves in it which
was a good sign of eggs soon, SO we
left this locality not hunting in the
other timber. Returning to the nest
at a later date the Hawk was still
there. After climbing up and finding
no eggs things looked funny to us.
We searched the surrounding timbers

32 THE OOLOGIST

but had no luck. In April we happen-
ed through this country again. The
Hawk was still there, but no eggs.
We watched her for a while and she
disappeared over the hill. That gave
us an idea to look in that direction.
Going up the hill side about one-half
mile we examined some small timber
finding the nest with young ones in it.
Her trick was when she saw us com-
ing she would leave her nest and fly
over the old nest making us believe
that it belonged to her. If we had
found the new nest when first observ-
ing the old one we could have collect-
ed a fresh set of eggs.
Ft. Worth, Texas.
SSS EL
A Peculiar Set of 348.

When Mr. Darlington received his
last lot of 348 eggs, there was in it
one set of four which seemed to me
out of the ordinary. Three of the eggs
were marked more or less evenly bui
the fourth egg was fairly heavily
marked on one side and plain white
on the other. The separation was very
marked, that is the markings stopped
abruptly and the white began.

I have often seen eggs marked on
one end more than the other, but
never on one side so pronounced as
this egg is. E. M. Kentworthy.

Ae cd sea
The Birds of Yuma County, Colorado.

Mr. F. C. Lincoln of the Colorado
Museum of Natural History has got-
ten out for that institution a very com-
prehensive list of birds of the forego-
ing Yuma County. The list is thor-
ough and shows much familiarity with
the birds of that little known re-
gion and is a credit to the institution
responsible for its appearance.

R. M. Barnes.
EL heaton Aa
A Proud Day.

One Easter Sunday, the Easter away

back in the ’80s, that came on the

R. Graham.

25th of April, I and my chum, or my
chum and I, hard to tell which was the
more enthusiastic, and the ever pres-
ent tag, the kid his brother, hitched
up old Charles and set out for a ride
and to do a little hunting on the side,
for early eggs. We, of course, headed
for the old farm for I was not yet
weaned from my boyhood haunts. We
anchored the rig near the famous glen,
of our old homestead, and started out
for a hunt, almost immediately we dis-
covered a hollow in a large tree trunk
and, could I believe my eyes, the face
of a screech owl filling the opening. I,
of course, shinned up, while my chum
stood below and urged me on. I had
to pull the old birds out by force and
the nest contained two eggs, my,
wasn’t I happy, and wasn’t my chum.
Well, I took them and put them in my
handkerchief and on the way home we
stopped and showed them to a play-
mate of mine. They were nearly
ready to hatch but I blowed them and
gracious, I wouldn’t have taken five
dollars a piece for them. They went
the way of most early attempts in
this line.
Geo. W. H. vos Burgh.
rere eee ee te
The Great Horned Owl.

The Great Horned Owl has become
one of our scarcest raptores. The last
nest I have known was one from which
I took two young about two weeks old
on the second of April, about six years
ago. Usually these birds select the
most lonely portion of the woods for
their home, but in this instance the
nest was placed in a swamp oak in a
meadow, close to a stream, and was
about the last place I would think of
looking for them to nest. Food seem-
ed to be plentiful with them, as the
nest, in addition to the young, contain-
ed a crow and a robin, while plenty
of squirrels and mice had helped to
furnish their menu, judging from the

THE OOLOGIST 38

bones and fur contained in the pel-
lets lying around.

A farm-yard with its stock of poul-
try was nearby, but no complaint was
made about the Owls disturbing them.
I am inclined to think the meadow
nearby with its swarms of mice, fur-
nished the greater part of their food.
which was also shared by a pair of
Barn-owls that occupied a large oak
tree, on the other side of the march,
not a quarter of a mile away.

Contrary to expectation these young
owls proved very tractable and inter-
esting pets. One of them, the larger
—probably the female—was_ quite
playful; the other rather morose and
more free to use beak and claws when
handled.

Apparently their vision was just as
keen by broad daylight as in the even-
ing, and a small bird flying high above
would instantly attract their attention.
The presence of a cat would arouse
their ire quicker than anything else,
and their feathers would stand on end
as shown in the accompanying pic-
ture. Whenever pussy put in an ap-
pearance, they would assume a defen-
Sive attitude, snap their beaks loudly
and make an imposing display, but
how far they would carry it, I never
had a chance to see; for the cat got
away as quickly as possible.

In this part of the country, the
Horned Owls generally use an open
nest, that of a crow or hawk, soms-
times repaired and added to, and some-
times just as the original owner left
it. Out of upwards of fifty nests I
have found but a single one in a hol-
low tree.

I greatly regret that these fine birds
have become so scarce. There is no
sound coming out of the deep dark
woods more attractive to my ear than
the solemn booming notes of these
great birds, as they answer each other
through the night; but it has been a

good many years since I have enjoyed
that experience.

Thomas H. Jackson.
Westchester, Pa.

Mr. Jackson sends us a photo of
the two young Owls described in the
foregoing article but not having room
for the same in this issue, it will ap-
pear in the March issue.—KEd.

Fe kee ce
Notes on the Wood Duck.

My friend Dr. G. D. Shaver, of Ta-
coma, Wash., owns a small lake near
here, part of which he has fenced in
as an enclosure for the study of dif-
ferent kinds of wild ducks. All are
in the best of health, but none are able
to fly. Among them is a male Wood
Duck, the mate to which was killed
a few years ago, but during the past
spring Dr. Shaver was interested to
see that a wild female of that species
would fiy out of the enclosure nearly
every time he visited it. After a
while the visits of the female ceased.
but later in the summer she again
made her appearance, this time accom-
panied by four fully fledged young
ones.

The above is the first breeding rec-
ord that I have had for the Wood
Duck in Western Washington in
many years. In fact they have be-
come so exceedingly rare as summer
residents that I think the inference is
fairly correct that the wild female
mated with the captive male.

J. H. Bowles.
Tacoma, Wash., Dec. 13, 1915.
Oi

The Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.

A. O. U. 443 Muscivera forficata.
To my estimation these birds are
the most active of the filycatchers
and are plentiful here in the nesting
season. I will try to give an accurate
description of these birds as follows:
They measure from twelve to fourteen
and one-half inches. The male is gray

34 THE OOLOGIST

with red or yellowish tinge on back.
Middle of crown red. Tail is shaped
like scissors. And is nearly three
times as long as the body. The wings
and legs are short. The female is
somewhat like the male but is small-
er and of a duller plumage. The song
is “teezip,’ repeated. They are sel-
dom noticed on the ground. Only
when collecting material for a nest.
The tail being long and feet short they
find it more comfortable in the air.
Most of their food is caught while in
flight. They seem to be pretty good
fighters as I have noticed them chas-
ing hawks and crows and while exam-
ining their nests both male and female
play a tune over my head and many
times came in reach. They arrive nere
in April and are found on the prairies
looking for a nesting site in the scat-
tered mosquite trees. I have found
their nests on top of wind mills and
telephone poles but they prefer the
mosquite trees. The nests are large
and bulky, made mostly of rags,
strings, cotton, paper, and Indian to-
bacco. This Indian tobacco is a weed
named by the people of this country,
believing that the Indians smoked it
when they roamed the prairies here.
This tobacco forms about half of the
nest which is well made in the utmost
tops of the trees. After a week’s hard
work four or five eggs are laid. The
eggs are white with brown spots on
the large ends mostly. Incubation be-
gins and if not molested nearly every
time they hatch the whole set. These
birds breed from Texas north to Kan-
sas. Spend the winter in southern
United States.
R. Graham, Taxidermist.
Ft. Worth, Texas.
2~<2—
NOTES.
No. 1, Field Sparrow.

To my knowledge the field sparrow

nests in only one part of Tarrant

County, Texas. I find them in the dry
valleys northwest of here. These birds
are not plentiful in this locality but
are common in other parts of the
state. They nested early in 1914.
April 12th, I examined three nests of
four eggs and one of five eggs. This
date is a month early according to my
back datas. These birds in this local-
ity select a lonesome place out of
sight and hearing of other birds and
builds the nest in low grass and briers
composed of grass and weeds and lin-
ed with finer grasses.
No. 2, Phoebe.

April 11th, 1915, I found a Phoebe
nest with three eggs in it, and on the
12th there were a set of four; no more
eggs were laid. The nest was made
of moss and grasses and was in 4
sand bank near a spring. The eggs
were white and two of them had tiny
brown specks on the large end. Phoe-
bes are common birds but I have only
three dates of them nesting in this
county.

No. 3, Bobolinks.

May 17, 1915, I saw three bobolinks
two males and one female. This is the
first time they have been noticed here
during the nesting season. They were
in a flat of high grass near a creek.
And were noticed there several dif-
ferent times. It’s hard to tell whether
they nested there or not as their
breeding range is from Kansas north-
ward. R. Graham, Taxidermist.
Fort. Worth, Texas.

so eS ee ee

The Federal Bird Migration Law.

The editor hopes every reader of
this publication will do everything in
his power to see the complete and lit-
eral enforcement of the Federal Bird
Migration Law during this coming
spring. The only way that the water
fowl of this country can be preserved
from complete extinction is to enforce
this very sensible law to the letter.—
Editor.

THE OOLOGIST III

To the Editor of THE OOLOGIST:

I wish to express, through the columns of your most popular little publi-
cation, the vast assistance I received through the insertion of my last two
exchange notices.

An Oologist, who has always been extremely particular in assembling a
eollection of birds eggs, will be disappointed when he notes the condition of
many so-called “First class birds skins.’ I found it necessary to decline many
skins that were far from perfect, yet these same correspondents knew what a
perfect clutch of eggs consisted of. At this writing I am only lacking six first
class male Warblers to complete a coilection of skins to become identified with
my now complete collection of Warbler eggs. These varieties are the Hermit,
Olive, Grace’s, Lucy’s, Virginia’s, and Painted Redstart. No doubt, these will be
forthcoming soon, as I have located the men in the field who can get them
for me.

In the meantime, the advertising has brought to me one hundred and fifty
additional rare and beautiful skins. Anything prepared by such ornithologists
as Arthur T. Wayne, Apstin Paul Smith, W. W. Worthington, J. A. Weber, to-
gether with Mr. Frank W. Wright’s elegant work do honor to any cabinet
collection Cordially,

GERARD ALAN ABBOTT.

I want one set each of the following, viz: A. O. U. No. 7, 35, 43, 77, 92, 103,

141.1, 167, 173, 192, 196, 258a, 261, 264, 286, 289a, 31014, 347, 247a, 351, 373b,

010%, d17, 384, 474b, 474e, 486, 511b 1-6, I. TS, 612, 627a, 736a, 758a, 759b.

I want two sets each of the following, viz: A. O. U. No. 5, 26, 38, 131, 145,

160, 169a, 171a, 172a, 180, 222, 310b, 310c, 318, 339b 2-2, 466a, 536, 542b, 552, 581d,

593a, 164, 615, 744, 768.

For these I will allow twice Lattin’s 1905 exchange rates, and I have a very

unusual exchange list to select from.

R. M. BARNES, Lacon, III.

IV THE OOLOGIST

WANTED.—BuJletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologie Club, Vol. I,cdd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
books by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. All bird magazines. W.
Gg ERICESON: 208 West 40th St.. Savannah,

FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1. skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY K. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

W411i HK D.—Books, Magazines and Pamph-
lets about Birds and Natural History Sub-
jects. In all cases state what you have and
the lowest cash prices. No other prices con-
sidered. Address FRANK BENDER, 128
FKourth Ave.. New York City. (3-14)

TO EXCHANGE.—I have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals [mostly Ornithological]
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, eggs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS
Berwyn. Pas 12-p|

EXCHANGE.—A small collection of Indian
relics; a few books on natural history, birds,
biological survey publications and_maga-
zines for eggs in sets only. RALPH W.
JACKSON, Cambridge, Maryland, R.1. -

EXCHANGE-—Birds and all nature, March,
April, May, June and November 1899 for best
offer. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton, N. Y.

WANTED.—For cash “The Oologist” (this
magazine) Volume 3 No.4and Volume4N .
1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y.

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor. Bird
Lore and others. Exchangei. other numbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

ROR SALE BERD: LORE —TotA] Volss I
to XII inclusive without volume indexes; Lot
B, Vol. II No, 1to Vol. XII No. 2. inclusive
without volume indexes and Vol. II No. 2
missing. Will not break lots. State best cash
offer. THOMAS L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St., McKeesport, Pa.

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ *‘ rons
Water Birds, No. IV,” for which I will pa
any reasonable price. “We bh, CLYDE TOOD.
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. Pa.

WANTED.—For exchange or cash. Plates
from Studers Birds of N. A. Nos. 28, 60, 61, 68,
80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 107, 109 to 119. ©. M. CASK, 7
Holcomb St., Hartford, Conn.

FOR EXCHANGE. — Tobacco_ tags aed
coupons for eggs in sets or Bird Lore Vol.
No. 1. Vol. 10 No. 4. also sets of 339 and 360 for
exchange. C. M. CASE,.7 Holcomb St., Hart-
ford, Conn.

WANTED,—In good condition: Nidiolo-
gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of W ashington, Vol.
IV No. 3 and index; Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index;

.6a How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey. Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exchange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

WANTED.—Ornithologist and Oologigist
Vol. 1, No. 2 and 4. Bulletin Cooper Pi

Vol. I No. 3. Address with DLIce, ae
on A\MBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St., Boston,
ass.

Books bought, sold and exchanged. High-
est cash prices for books and m»«gazines
about Birds and all other Natural History
Subjects. Send list of what you have and
state your lowest price. Correspondence on
all matters relating to old books solicited.
TH: NEW YORK BOOK MART, 30 Lexing-
ton Ave., New York, N. Y

WANTED.—For cash or exchange.—Bird
Lore, Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-5-6; Vol. 2 No. 1-2-3-4-5;
Vol. 3 No. 1-2-3-4-5; Vol. 4, No. 1-2; Vol. 5; No.1;
Vol. 7 No. 1-5: Vol. 9 No. 3-5-6; Vol. 10 No. 1-3-
4-5-6; Vol. 11 No. 5-6; Vol. 12 No. 4-6; Vol. 13
No. 1-2-3-4-5; 14 1-2-3-4-5; Vol. 15 No. 4-6; vol. 16
1-2. I also will purchase Vols. 1-2-3-10-13-14-15
complete if seller prefers. Also The Auk,
Vol. iL to 13 and 31 and 32. The Condor, Vol.
1to 7. The Osprey, Vol. 1-2-3. Blue Bird,
Vol. 6. American Ornithology, Vols. 4-5-6.
Ridgway’s Birds of North and Middle Amer-
ica, Vol. 1-2-3-4. W.H. BROOMHALL, Stock-
port, Ohio.

MISCELLANEOUS.

FOR SALE AND EXCHANGE.—Live
Snakes, Lizards, Baby Turtles. also general
line of Florida insects. AT Re Re
Eureka, Marion County, Florida. (1-p)

Make me offers on fine Sea Lion skins for
mounting. also Sloth Bear from India.
WIRZ. TAXIDERMIST. 1422 Gwinnett, St.,
Augusta, Ga.

FOR SALE.—5 x7 photographs of the nests
and eggs of 26 species of birds of this locality.
Mr. I. E. Hess says they areas good as he has
seen. Send 40c in stamps forone. E. PERRY,
610 Baylor St., Austin, Texas.

WANTED.—A good Stereopticon Lantern
for which I will give good exchange in sets of
bird magazines, books and mounted birds.
Anyone having such please communicate
yee ARTHUR W. BROCKWAY, Hadlyme,

onn.

WANTED.—A good Graflex Camera, either
4x5or5x7. Will give good exchange in
sets, mounted birds, back volumes to Auk,
Oologist. Condor and books on birds,
pee W. BROCKWAY, Hadlyme.

onn,

FOR SALE.—Fishers
Birds of America, Audubon, Vol.
plates and binding injured) Vol. 4 good;
Geological Survey West of 100 Mer,, 8 Vols.;
Geol. Zoology, Botany, Archaeology, etc.
complete sets; cash. GEO. W. H. VOS
BURGH, Columbus, Wis.

Hawks and Owls;
2 (tw

COLLECTORS ATTENTION.—A_ couple
interested in Natural History who desire to
spend the winter in the South, can act as
care takers on farm in Virginia. Six room

house, fire wood, and milk given, and a
chance to collect. No Day. Lt interested ad-
dress HAROLD H. 319 54th St.,

BAILEY,
Newport News, Va. ‘

THE OOLOGIST V

FOR EXCHANGE.—Double Barrel
Gun. Single Shot Rifle 22 cal. rev olv ers. Fo
sets of eegs. PAHRMAN BROTHERS, 1011
Fourth St., La Porte, Ind.

OOLOGISTS’ tools and supplies, books and
magazines, lists on request. Kindly note
change in AO ery Stephentown, N.
Y., now Garfield, . BENJAMIN HOAG.

BIG BARGAINS.—I put you in touch with
hundreds of persons who have articles to
buy, sell, ortrade. Describe your article to
me. List of addresses cinching your sale,
ten cents. J. E. HARRIS, I[ndianopolis,
Ind., Box 21.

FOR SALE.—I have a fine line of arrows
and spears from Grime County, Texas. Send
$1.00 for a dozen perfect arrows. GEORGE
E. DOERGE, Navasota, Texas, Box 484. (1-p)

WANTED—A high grade camera, 5x7 pre-
ferred. Offer in exchange fine sets, high
grade Ithaca hammerless gun, any gaugue,
new from factory; or part cash. E. F. POPE,
Colmesneil, Texas.

_FOR SALE.—Cocoons of the Promethea,
Cocropia, Polyphemus Io, Luna and Cynthia
Moths, in lots as desired. Prices upon ap-
application. Will also exchange for species
of the far west. Have lot of Devonian fossils
in Oriskany sandstone also to offer in ex-
change for others. LOUIS S. KOHLER.
Bloomfield. N. J.

IN PRESS

Extensive Catalogue

Books on

North American Birds

JOHN H. SHERMAN, Jr.,

403 Seneca St.

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y.

THE CONDOR

A Magazine of Western
Ornithology
Published Bi-monthly by the
Cooper Ornithological Club of California

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘“‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study”’ can easily un-
derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated
by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in

the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 3Qc.

Address

W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,
Eagle Rock. Los. Angeles, Cal.

NOTICE

All subscribers whose sub-
scriptions are unpaid sub-
subsequent to the first day
of January, 1915, are with
that issue dropped from the
subscription list of The Oolo-
gist as provided by law. We
would be glad to have you
all renew, but cannot carry
such subscriptions on our
books further, as to So do
would violate the United
States Statute. Better renew
at once and mot lose ~ any
issues of The Oologist, as
many back numbers are al-
ready unobtainable.

R. M. BARNES,

Lacon, IIl.

VI THE OOLOGIST

DO YOUR PART

MR. READER, these words are meant for you because
we believe you are interested in THE OOLOGIST and its
future. To the usefulness of this future you can add your
mite if you will. It is easy enough for each one of you to
add at least one new subscriber to the subscription list for
1916.

Candidly, we believe we are giving you more than your
money’s worth at soc per annum. We know that it is the
belief of a very large percentage of our subscribers. This
we are willing to continue to do, but would deem it to your
advantage and a favor to ourselves, if you would take an
interest in expanding our subscription list. A number of our
subscribers have .already done this. Many more of en
have done nothing along this line

This is a word personal to each subscriber to this maga-
zine to assist us in enlarging its usefulness and sphere of
influence. Will you do your part?

EDITOR

THE OOLOGIST.

BIRDS--NESTS--EGGS
TAXIDERMY

VoL. XXXIII. No.3.

ALBION, N. ¥., Marcu 15,1916.

WHOLE No, 3844

BRIEF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 cents

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent.

serted for less than 25 cents.

No notice in-

TAKE NOTICE.
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 344 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 329 your
ea expired with December issue
1914. Other expirations can be computed by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

Entered as second-class matter De-
cember 21, 1903, at the post office at
Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress
of March 38, 1879.

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologist,”
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

eggs, or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR.

BIRDS

WANTED-—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, Ill.

Would like to exchange Pheasant Eggs
suitable for hatching, for Prairie Chicken or
Ruff Grouse eggs, fresh and handles so they
will hatch. Would like to correspond with
parties that can furnish these eggs. W. E.
SURFACE, Decatur, Il.

Exchange desired with collectors of Bird
Skins who will give bird skins in exchange
for mounting birds for them. D. V. HEM-
BREE, Roswell, Ga.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese, Eagles, Ducks,
Prairie Chicken, Mountain Quail, Bob and
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox,
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar,
and other fish. Fresh skins,in meat or alive,
wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals,
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on
cash. DEAN’S NAT. SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Alliance, O,

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus (Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

We are anxious at all times to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list of your
list of material and of your wants. We can
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, Passenger Pigeon, Scarlet Ibis,
Blue-headed Quail Dove, White and Gray
Gyrfalecons, Black-capped Vireo. Golden
cheeked Warbler and soon. Writeus today.
WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Rochester, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE. — Collection of North
American birds. Collectlon contains 1340
specimens representing 440 species and sub
species. 114 birds are mounted and the rest
in skin form. PHILLIP LAURENT, 31 East
Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia. Pa.

FOR EXCHANGE — Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 8ll
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

WANTED.—An Albino Squirrel. Offer in
exchange mounted specimens, skins or cash.
O.S. BIGGS. San Jose, Il].

WANTED. — Nests of North American
Birds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will
appreciate list of what you have to exchange
or sell. LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808

PA bot ltas St., Waco, Texas.

Th THE OOLOGIST

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerals in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit.and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, II].

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples all kinds printing, Artes
& Crafts Exchange. J. J. WIRZ, 1422-1424
Gwinnett St., Augusta, Ga.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
perce’ write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

FOR EXCHANGE,—A pair of Eastern
Model climbers and a few sets each of 289,
412, 498, 506, 511, 593, 601, 622 and 631 for birds
eggs. R.C. MARTIN, Jr. Albemarle, La.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Complete sets of Nova
Scotia birds’ eggs for hammerless shot guns
or rifles, in good condition. Parker gun pre-
ferred. Write for my list and tell me what
zon. mane: R. W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova

cotia

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor St.,
Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—6 1-4, 30 1-1, 123b 1-2,
185 1-2, 197 1-3, 194 1-4, 219 1-6, 305 1-4, 325 1-1,
389 1-2, 352 1-1. 390 1-6, 423 1-4 1-5, 444 1-4, 477 1-4
1-5, 481 1-3, 1-5, 511 3-5. 542a 1-5, 563 2-4, 581c¢ 1-3,
588b 1-4, 593c 1-3 and many others. E. A.
WHEELER, East Randolph. N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Full sets of 1,3, 11, 16,
DU oe ON NAD Oa OD. Tl OO. CO. hUS hie 20G™ Mele
122, 126, 141, 149, 155, 188, 19) 194. 197. 201, 203, 208,
212, 214, 219, 225, 226, 22/ 228. 230. 243, 261, 263, 264,
269, 275, 280, 293, 294. 309 329, 331, 333, 335, 337,
3375, 339, 339b, 341, 343. 348, 355, 359, 360, 360a, 362,
and 364. OTTOMAR REINECKE, 400 Elm
St,, Buffalo, N. Y.

EGGS

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey tu exchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378. S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—The following A 1 sets:
3 1-3, 149 1-12, 184 1-4, 187 1-4, 273 1-4, 305 1-4, 319
1-2, 333 1-4, 337 2-3, 339 1-2, 360 1-5, 360 1-5, 364 1-2,
370 1-3, 474b 1-4, 624 1-4. Want eggs of shore
birds and raptors only. ERNEST 3. NOR-
MAN, Kalevala, Manitoba, Canada.

EXCHANGE NOTICE. — Having under-
taken to assist in the completion of the
oological collection of a public museum I am
in position to use many sets besides those
needed in my own collection and solicit ex-
change lists from all reliable collectors. Am
not a dealer and no sets for sale but offer good
exchange or cash for strictly Al sets. A. E.
PRICE, Grant Park, I).

FOR EXCHANGE.—273 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b 2-3
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 75la
2-4 and many others with small holes. for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. C. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

Natural History Cabinet for sale or ex-
change. Suitable for bird skins, eggs, botany,
minerals or shells. Want back numbers of
magazines. ALBERT LANO, Fayetteville,
Arkansas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
Cc. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

Extra copies of this issue of The Oologist
containing the latest methods in collecting and
preserving Birds, Nests, Eggs and Skins may
be had at twenty-five cents each.

THE OOLOGIST,

Lacon, Ill.

THE OOLOGIST.

Vou. XXXIII. No.3. | AuBion, N. Y., Marcu 15,1916. | WuHoue No. 344

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Ill.

This issue of TE OOLOGIST is devoted to things collectors should
know, methods and the like. The most advanced and well known collectors
have kindly contributed their mite to tell how it should be done, and it
is at the request of considerable number of our readers that we re-publish the
following article, from pages 78 and 135 of Vol. XXXI (1914) of this publication.

A reference to page 10 of Volume XXXI of THE OOLOGIST will disclose
an article Hence of the methods and collections of a large number of

prominent Eastern collectors.—R. M. Barnes.

36 THE OOLOGIST

Collecting Birds’ Eggs.
What is needed—Preparing Specimens
R. Magoon Barnes.

It is useless, even wanton, to collect
eggs of our birds unless with a definite
purpose. Eggs are absolutely worth-
less or worse unless properly collect-
ed, prepared, preserved and recorded.
To do these things one must be equip-
ped with some things, chiefest of
which is a settled determination to do
whatever is done well.

First of all you will want a note-
book in which to record your observa-
tions. Do not rely on memory for
anything, the fuller and more com-
plete the notes the better. From two
to a half dozen egg drills and a blow-
pipe or two are necessary. Get the
‘eut “the lining” * kind “ot? drills cof
assorted sizes. These with the blow-
pipes may be had of dealers in such
instruments. They should be _ thor-
oughly cleansed after each using.
Some sort of a receptical, a cigar box
filled with cotton or something of the
kind is necessary to carry eggs in
while afield and a safe and secure one
in which to keep them after coming
home. A copy of the American Orni-
thologists Check List (The A. O. U.
list) and either Bailey’s “Birds of the
Western United States,’ or Chapman’s
“Birds of Eastern North America,”
will be well nigh indespensible. Like-
wise Charles K. Reed’s “North Ameri-
can Birds Eggs,” or Oliver Davies’
“Nests and Eggs of North American
Birds,” will be found some help.

Assuming you have some or all of
the above let us start out some bright
morning in quest of specimens. The
sun is bright and warm; there is a
slight balmy south wind. Spring is
wearing her splendid garb _ fresh,
bright green and her brow is garland-
ed with bloom of ritous color while
perfume floats in the air. With collec-
tor’s box full of cotton slung over our

shoulder and our note-book in our
pocket we start out, full of anticipa-
tion and life.

We know the Woodpeckers nest in
holes, and Meadowlarks on the ground
while Robins in trees and Indigo Bunt-
ings in bushes. We are starting a col-
lection, and of course begin with the
common varieties.

Suppose we find a Robin’s nest in
an apple tree. Here is what we do or
should do. First make absolutely
sure it is a Robin—of course we know
a Robin, but later we may find some
nests where we do not know the birds.
So begin right now to look and be
certain of the identity of the owner of
the nest. Then we climb up and peep
into the nest. Only two eggs! An in-
complete set so we leave them and
pass on.

Next we find a Blue Bird’s nest in
an abandoned Woodpecker’s hole in a
small dead limb of an apple tree. We
are first very sure it is a Blue Bird.
The identity of the bird is ALWAYS
first. Then we look into the nest. Five
fresh eggs! Good! Our first specimen
for ‘‘our collection.’’ How shall we get
them out? Our hand is too large to
get into the hole. It is not so very
far to the house and we go back and
borrow a saw. Slowly and very care-
fully we saw the small limb off beiow
the nest and lower it to the ground,
turn it slightly over and take a spoon
out of our pocket and lift out the beau-
tiful blue eggs one at a time. These
we roll separately in cotton and place
in our cigar box. Then we take our
note-book out and sit down and enter
the following:

*“(L)- 766 -a-5.. Nest -T Leet“ alpy sim
abandoned Woodpecker’s hole in dead
limb of an apple tree in an orchard.
Birds seen, eggs fresh, nest saved.
Remarks. This nest was on the south
side of the tree and the opening was
toward the south east. The cavity

THE OOLOGIST 37

was 9 inches deep and the opening 244
inches across. Nest typical, of fine
grasses, weeds and feathers.”

Then we replace the note-book in
our pocket and place the figure (1) on
the nest stub, stand it up against the
foot of the tree where we can get it
when we return home, and pass on.

Next we find a Phoebe’s nest un-
der a bridge across the road, stuck
onto one of the projecting rocks of
the retaining walls. The bird is gone
in a flash but we know her. The
nest contains six eggs, a very unusual
number, but they show signs of incu-
bation, however we decide to chance
it, so carefully remove the eggs and as
with the Blue Bird’s eggs, roll each
one carefully in cotton and place them
in our collecting box. Then, after
removing the nest and wrapping it ip
a newspaper cornu-copia and mark-
ing it (2), we enter in our note-book:

“(2) 456 a-6. Nest stuck on a pro-
jecting stone of a retaining wall of a
bridge across the Lacon and Henry
road 5 miles north of Lacon, 7 feet
above the creek bed and 3 feet from
bridge floor. Birds seen. Nest of root-
lets, moss, fine grass and mud, lined
with hair and feathers. Eggs, size a
very unusually large number; incuba-
tion commenced. Nest saved.”

We pass on and find a Kingfisher’s
nest in a hole in the cut bank of this
same creek. As the birds fly about we
admit we are for sure stumped. We
remember reading in one of the
Wood’s books that the nest of this bird
was almost untakable in its natural
state and likewise have a vivid recol-
lection of reading in THE OOLOGIST
Vol. XXVI, page 92 of the tragic death
of Richard Smithwick, who dug into
a bank after a nest of this species and
crawled into the hole he dug when the
earth caved in on him and smothered
him. But we must have these eggs!
Are we not forming a collection of

eggs and we have no Kingfisher’s eggs
yet? Well, we go to a nearby farm
house and borrow a spade. As luck
would have it the nest was not over
three feet below the top so we scram-
ble-up to the nest hole and insert an
arm full length without finding any-
thing but air. Then we get a small
switch and push it as far as possible
with the same result. This makes ful-
ly six feet of the tunnel we have ex-
plored. Then. we go on top and dig
down to the burrow. To our surprise
we find it at two feet and four inches,
showing it slopes upwards. After
cleaning away the dirt and digging al-
most two times as much as was really
necessary in the hot sun, we get where
we can see the eggs. Seven of them
at the enlarged end of this nine foot
tunnel lying there on the soil with
only a few straws about them. Disap-
pointed? Yes! Where is the beauti-
fully fashioned and delicately assem-
bled nest of white fish bones and
scales that we had been taught to ex-
pect? A myth? Yes, and nothing
more. Then the eggs were not as
white at we had expected. Or are
they dirty? Yes, and they, like Wood-
pecker’s eggs, must be the most care-
fully cleaned both inside and out of
all dirt, foreign matter and the last
vistage of contents with perfectly
clear water, else the taking of them is
in vain. They will surely spot and
blotch and ultimately become entirely
ruined unless this care is used in pre-
paring them. We pick these speci-
mens, with more care and more cotton
because they are larger and heavier.
Then we carefully collect the few
straws composing the nest, place them
in some more newspaper marked (3)
and in our pocket. Then we enter in
our notebook:

*(3) 390 a-7. Nest in a burrow 9
feet deep in the side of a creek bank
7 feet above the creek and 3 feet

38 THE OOLOGIST

down from the surface in sandy soil,
composed of a few straws at the en-
larged end and sloping upward. Open-
ing 4x3 inches. Birds seen; eggs
dirty but fresh.”

Then we start home. Across the
fields we travel when suddenly from
under foot flutters a mass of feathers.
Finally it arises awing and floats
away. A Meadow Lark! Looking
down we see a tuft of grass with a
small opening in the side: Peering in,
five fresh eggs are disclosed and trans-
ferred, cotton wrapped, to our collect-
ing box. Then we sit down beside the
nest and enter in our note-book:

“501 a-5.° Nest on the ground in a
pasture, partially sunk into the ground
in the middle of a tuft of last year’s
grass, arched over and lined with fined
grasses. Eggs fresh. Female flushed
from nest. Nest saved.”

Nest saved! Yes. But how? As
we are not far from our home we go
there, get another spade and a small
box 8x10 inches and three inches
deep. - We carefully cut the sod around
the nest and under it to the same size
and depth as the box, being careful at
all times not to in the least disturb
the nest or grasses about it, and slip
the spade under it, setting the sod
with the nest into the box. All the
time we are handling the whole affair
most delicately, else we ruin it. And
if properly and carefully done, we have
preserved one of the very hardest kind
of specimens,—a ground sunken nest
amid vegetation.

We then go home for the day with
four nests and four sets of eggs, hav-
ing picked up our Blue Bird’s nest on
the way back.

Having arrived home with a set of
5 Bluebirds, a set of 6 Phoebe, a set
of 7 Kingfisher and a set of 5 Meadow-

lark, the next thing is to prepare these
specimens in such a way that they
will last and make a desirable appear-
ance when placed in the cabinet.

The first thing to do is to lay aside
each set of eggs separately on a cloth
or layer of cotton batting, something
that will prevent them from rolling;
then procure a basin of water, a
tumbler filled with water and the blow
pipes and drills we have before men-
tioned; sit down at a low table or on
a door step or some similar place, so
as to bring the basin above the object
you sit upon.

We will commence now with the
preparation of the set of Blue Bird’s
eggs. Picking up one of the speci-
mens, look it over carefully to see if
there are any stains or any foreign
matter on it which can not be re-
moved, and if there is, that is the side
we blow it on. First pierce the shell
with a fine pointed pin or needle, then
select the smallest of the drills, which
should be No. 0, carefully insert the
point of the drill in the hole left by
the needle, and holding the egg be-
tween the thumb and finger of the left
hand, with the larger end away from
you, and the second finger under the
smaller end of the egg slowly twirl
the drill back and forth with the
thumb and finger of the right hand,
gradually enlarging the oriface until
you have drilled clear into the egg.
If you have the right kind of a drill
the rear end of the burr part of the
drill will cut the lining as it enters the
egg. If it does not do this, it will be
necessary to draw the drill back until
the rear of the burr comes in contact
with the inner surface of the shell
at the hole made by the drill. A few
more twirls will then cut the lining.
Then withdraw the drill, turn the egg
over, still holding it between the
thumb and finger of the left hand, take
a small blow pipe and hold the point
of the same near the oriface of the
egg, turning the egg upside down over
the basin of water. Then blow
through the blow pipe and the air will

THE OOLOGIST 39

gradually enter the egg and force the
contents out of the same hole.

After the entire contents of the egg
has been blown out in this way, then
take some water in the mouth from
the tumbler of water standing near-
by and blow the water through the
blow pipe into the egg. Do this with
some force, but not enough to destroy
the egg shell. After the egg has been
blown full of water, then blow the
water out of the egg. Repeat this two
or three times until the contents of
the egg are thoroughly cleansed out;
for any foreign matter of any kind or
any of the contents of the egg that
may be left in surely stain the shell
and ultimately destroy the specimen.

After this has been done and you
are sure that the contents of the egg
is entirely out and the inner surface
of the shell thoroughly cleansed, then
lay the egg upside down with the hole
resting on a piece of blotting paper.
This should be clean and not ink
stained.

Continue the same process with each
one of the eggs in this set, laying them
side by side on. the blotter when the
blowing is completed. They should
be left in this position until they are
thoroughly dry and all the other eggs
taken should be drilled in exactly the
same manner, using care to see to it
that the sets do not become mixed,
and that each different set is kept sep-
arately until marked.

If the eggs are not thoroughly
cleansed, their taking and _ prepara-
tion will be all to no purpose, for they
will finally become spotted and ulti-
mately disintegrate. It is always im-
portant to use the smallest drill pos-
sible on each egg.

The above is the proceeding for
blowing all eggs which are fresh.
Makes no difference whether they are
the size of a goose egg or the size of
a Hummingbird’s egg. The same pro-

ceeding is followed from the beginning
to the end.

Assuming now that all of the eggs
we took on the day before mentioned
have been blown and arranged on the
blotter as directed, and have been left
there long enough to become thor-
oughly dry, the next thing is to mark
them. The marking of specimens is
one of the very important steps in
their preparation. Care should be
taken to mark each set legibly and ac-
cording to the system used by Oolo-
gists. They should be marked with a
soft, pointed lead pencil unless you
are a high class expert with India ink
like EK. J. Court at Washington and a
few others of his kind, who are very
rare indeed; but if you are then you
may assay the use of India ink.

The set of Bluebird’s eggs should
be marked as follows: Above the blow
hole on the larger end of the egg and
near the blow hole should be placed
nearly the figures ‘766,’ which is the
number of the bluebird in the Amertri-
can Ornithologist’s Union (‘“A. O. U.)”
Check list of North American Birds.
To the right of the blow hole should
be placed a short straight line as near
as may be opposite the center of the
blow hole. Above this line should be
placed the letter ‘fa’ and beneath the
line the figure “5”. The letter “a” in-
dicates the fact that this was the first
set of Bluebirds taken this year. And
subsequent sets should be indicated
by the letters b, c, d, etc. The figure
5 beneath this line will indicate the
number of eggs in the set. If the set
bas been 4, 6 or 7 the numbers 4, 6
or 7, according to the number of eggs
in the set would be placed beneath
this line. And beneath the blow hole
should be placed numbers designating

the year in which the set was taken,
as 1910, 1911 or 1912, or whatever the
year might be. Each egg in the set
should be marked in exactly the same
way.

40 THE OOLOGIST

In this way it is easy to keep track
of the specimens. The A. O. U. num-
ber will at once identify the speci-
men, the set number ‘“a-5” will show
that it is the first set taken and that
there were five eggs in it. The year
number beneath the blow hole will
show the year in which it was taken,
and reference to the data and to the
original notebook will disclose these
same figures.

Having marked all of the eggs taken
according to the above method, the
next important thing is to place them
in a dark cabinet of some kind with
closely fitting drawers that will ex-
clude both dust and light. The light
will cause many specimens to fade; in
fact, nearly all. Dust if it settles up-
on the egg and the atmosphere then
gets damp, will set up a peculiar char-
acter of fungus growth on the shell
that will ultimately disfigure the eggs
for all time; particularly those having
solid color, like the Bluebird, Catbird,
Wood Thrush, Woodpecker and the
like.

Of course it follows that the larger
the egg the easier it is to blow. Like-
wise the larger the egg, the same rules
apply to prepare it with as small a
drill as possible.

Many times it will be found that the
specimens taken are more or less in-
cubated, though it is a bad practice to
take incubated eggs unless they are
specimens of unusual varieties in that
case the taking is entirely justified.
The blowing of a badly incubated spe-
cimen is a matter of tedious hard
work. Frequently you will have to use
an embryo hook as well as a pair of
very fine, sharp pointed embryo scis-
sors and cut the embryo within the
egg through the orifice made by the
drill with the scissors and drag it out,
piece at a time with the embryo hook,
or force small pieces of it out by in-
serting the point of the blow pipe en-

tirely within the shell of the egg. To
do this neatly and softly will require
a larger hole in the shell and much
patience and care.

It is never very satisfying to at-
tempt to use caustic potash or any
similar substance for the dissolving
of the contents of an incubated speci-
men, as is sometimes recommended,
for the reason that ultimately the shell
of the egg so treated will disintegrate
entirely and the strong alkaline action
will injure the tint and colors on the
shell.

After a little practice it is not hard
to become proficient in the preparation
of specimens of this kind, and you will
discover that your standing and rank
as an oologist will depend very largely
upon the character of your work in
preparing your specimens. Accuracy,
neatness and cleanliness above all
things should be your motto.

With each set of eggs—and a set is
the number of eggs found in the nest
—should be made out and kept and
sent with the eggs whenever they are
disposed of, a “data.” Many forms of
data blanks are in existence and they
may be procured either of a _ local
printer or of the advertisers in the
columns of THE OOLOGIST; but
freak datas should be avoided. They
should neither be too large or too
small. A data which will just neatly
go into a number 6 envelope is recom-
mended. On this data should appear
the A. O. U. number by which the bird
is known, its common and scientific
name, the data of taking and the local-
ity in which the set was collected,
the number of eggs in the set, the set
mark by which the set is identified,
the state of incubation of the speci-
men, the means by which the eggs
were identified, the location and a
general description of the nest follow-
ed by any special matters of interest

_ pertaining to the set under the head-

41

THE OOLOGIST

U01}D9];09 SIY Ul SUdWIDeds Bulpjoy soy
“XOl ‘YWOM "fa JO WeYeID "Y Aq pasn jseN BHA jelsyizy u0z}09

a ones 885858

42 THE OOLOGIST

ing “remarks.” This should be signed
by the collector in his own handwrit-
ing.
pr Se aL ES. a ar
Cotton Nests For Small Eggs.

This is a great help when moving
small eggs. It keeps you from taking
each egg separately. These nests are
easily made. Take a strip of card
board three fourths inch wide and any
length according to size of nest desir-
ed. Bend it in a circle and tie or glue
together. Take a piece of cotton two
times as large as the card board cir-
cle. Lay it flat on a table, then place
circle in the middle of cotton, turn the
cotton over the top and round into
shape. This makes a good nest and is
handy when moving eggs from one
drawer to the other and saves all risks
of breaking. It takes a little time to
make but when finished they can be
used for a long time. It’s a good idea
to use white cotton for some nests
and colored for others, according to
the eggs that show up better in differ-
ent colors. R. Graham.
Worth, Texas.

on ee ee
A New Method of Arranging Eggs for
The Cabinet.

From time to time I have seen notes
in various Ornithological publications
on the subject of egg arrangement. 1
have tried many of these ideas, but
none of them ever proved entirely sat-
isfactory in the long run. Others may
have had the same experience and 1
therefore give a description of the
method now used by me and which
gives an extremely neat appearance
to the collection.

Instead of using cotton or sawdust,
fill the tray half full of DRY plaster of
paris. Now press it down with a card
or other devise until flat and smooth
and of the same depth in all parts of
the tray. Be sure that the pressing
devise is the same size as the interior

of the tray, otherwise there will be
ridges in the plaster. The eggs are
then gently set in the soft substance
and a label or number placed in the
corner of the tray, according to the
idea of the owner.

The advantage of this method is that
each egg is held in a cavity which ex-
actly fits it, and prevents it from roll-
ing about as is the case when coiton
is used. It is also by far the neatest
method that I have ever seen, each
tray appearing as though it contained
a solid immaculate block of pure white
plaster, into which the eggs had been
set. The accompanying photograpi.
gives a fair idea of the appearance of
a small type collection arranged in this
manner.

Paul G. Howes.
oA ES Se EA ee
Take Care of Your Calipers.

If you have a pair of calipers do not
allow them to become wet or to be left
in a damp place. If you do, you will
find that in a short time they will rust
or tarnish. To prevent this, get some
‘“‘Three-in-One” oil. Place a few drops
on a cloth and rub your calipers thor-
oughly. Do not pour the oil direct
upon them, for a thorough rubbing is
sufficient. The oil fills the pores of
the metal and thus forms an impervi-
ous guard against rust or tarnish. It
is also well to wrap them in tissue
paper when you will not use them for
a length of time.

Ralph R. Wilson.
pis 6 4 LS TR ee a! LO
Unusually Large Set.

On the 6th of November, 1915,
three men were hunting in the Kas-
kaska River bottoms about sixteen
miles northwest of Odin. They were
climbing trees which they thought
might be a ‘‘coon” den and they claim-
ed to have found one which was full
of eggs. To verify this statement,
they delivered to me a small bucket

48

THE OOLOGIST

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poBbuewsiy s66A spuig jo uolzdajJoD sdAL

Buiuiezuog skeuy ul

44 THE OOLOGIST

containing nine eggs of the Barred
Owl, claiming they were all in one tree
when they found them. I found upon
unpacking the eggs that they undoubt-
edly were Barred Owls. They all ap-
pear to be about the same size and
shape, while some were very badly
settled and dried while others contain-
ed some liquid matter. All appeared
to have been fresh as I found no signs
of embryo. One very noticeable thing
was an unusually hard shell and quite
a little thicker than the usual Owl egg.
I took the drill and twirled it round
and round until I got tired and hardly
left a mark, so I sharpened the point
of my pocket knife and scraped until
I could see liquid oozing out or smell
the ‘delicious perfume;”’ then I tried
the drill again and found it the hard-
est drilling I ever done. It required
about three-quarters of an hour to
make a hole 3-32 to 1-8 inch. I have
not succeeded yet in getting them
cleaned but they are slowly coming
my way so I feel like I will be able to
save them.

I have no reason to doubt the men's
word, having known them intimateiy
for over thirty years, during which
time one of them has assisted me in
getting quite a few sets of Hawks
and Owls. While the shells are badly
nest stained I hope I may be able to
save them as I feel confident it is the
largest set of Barred Owls in exist-
ence. I have collected over one huu:-
dred sets and saw about as many more
which I did not collect and I find two
or three is generally the number. i
have taken five sets with four and con-
sider them very desirable.

O. B. Vandercock.
ae a ee)
Preparation of Oological Specimens
From Field to Cabinet.

We venture this chronicon in re-
sponse to the Editor’s request in the
November OOLOGIST.

It never having been our good for-
tune to spend a collecting season afield
with any of the older or younger col-
lectors of today, we know, therefore,
little or nothing regarding the methods
that maintain among those who are so
privileged to associate and exchange
ideas; and it is.under this cowl of
isolation we beg leniency should that
which follows long since have been
ouried in the discard of obsoletes.

To us it has been a rather slow pro-
cess of evolution through a succession
of events not unmixed with calami-
ties; hence it seems befitting that we
here record event and calamity num-
ber one.

Among the first of those with whom
we exchanged was Edward J. Court
of the Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. We sent our specimens in ad-
vance, and rather self-satisfied, too,
with the preparation of our material.
Since the malady of ignorance is ig-
norance, and self satisfaction is one
of the symptoms of the malady, our
first Oological shock arrived with the
box of specimens shortly received for
the ones sent. We have not here the
courage to express the distress of
shame felt, when we saw for the first
time —immaculate preparation — and
thought of the monocle-holed-deplor-
ables we had offered. A solemn vow
was then taken to reach as nearly a
Court standard as our ability permit-
ted.

We have since learned to know and
respect many other collectors for this
same high standard of preparation;
but it is to Mr. Court that we are in-
debted for being at least once remov-
ed from an inhibitory influence, and
we can never look at specimens of his,
either those of past years, or of our
present day exchange—for our corre-
spondence has never ceased, and his
standard of excellence never dropped
—without feeling a certain quality in

THE OOLOGIST

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*xoq Bui}991;;09 Buimoyus ynpo—}| ‘Big

‘ezueboul 'O "Vv

46 THE OOLOGIST

the personality of the man indicative
of that innate sense of the fitness of
things. Else why the sincere respect
ne pays to Oology by his infinite care
and painstaking preparation?

We have come to recognize three
fundamental principles for thorough
and consistent care of Oological speci-
mens: First, proper equipment for
field work; second, patience, care and
practice in both the removal of shell
contents and inscription on shells for
identification; third, prompt cabinet
disposal.

About February 15th of each year
is commenced a thorough renovating
of all our collecting paraphernalia,
which, no doubt, consists of the same
working equipment that is in general
use. The following however, may bea
slight departure and contain a sugges-
tion for overhanging cliff work. A
four strand self-locking block, and
tackle of three-eighth inch Sampson
spot cord fastened to the end of a
heavy anchor rope and dropped over
the cliff to the desired height. A can-
vas seat swung below the lower block
a sufficient distance to allow a strap
around the body just under the arms
and fastened to the block, gives per-
fect freedom to both arms. One only
hoists about one-quarter of his weight
and whenever the hoisting strand is
released the block automatically locks.
With the aid of a jointed fishing pole
at the end of which is attached a
heavy cloth bag, the mouth of which
is held in shape by a circular wire
and provided with a thin puckering
flap operated from the handle by a
line; the bag inverted placed over the
egg, the puckering line drawn taut
slipping the egg up into the bag en-
ables the collecting of many specimens
otherwise impossible.

The conditions under which we col-
lect probably have much to do with the
methods we have adopted. Few of

our trips are less than twenty miles
distant and many are eighty to ninety
miles and remote from water or habi-
tation. It is partially this no water
question for the proper rinsing out and
cleaning of shells that has brought us
to the carrying home of all specimens
for preparation. Then, too, we feel
that better and quicker work can be
accomplished when one may avail
themselves of every possible conven-
ience. Hill, cliff and tree climbing, or
even moderate exercise keeps up a
blood circulation that is certainly not
conducive to the steady hand neces-
sary for operating on small and deli-
cate specimens.

It is to Mr. H. W. Carriger we here
owe a word of thanks for a safe means
of specimen transportation, in the na-
ture of a collecting box. Just how
clearly we interpreted Mr. Carriger’s
written explanation and description of
his box, we are not sure; but the cut
here (Fig. 1) shows a box that may be
depenbed upon for most rough treat-
ment with positive assurance that its
contents are perfectly safe. Hach
half of this box is filled with remov-
able tubular compartments made by
cutting into proper lengths exception-
ally heavy mailing tube which are
lined with perfectly fitting sacks of
the best grade of eider down cloth
glued to the tubes one-third of the way
from the top leaving the other two-
thirds free and swinging like a cradle.
Thus when unpacking eggs, the tubes
may be removed one at a time and a
slight pressure into the cradle end
pushes the egg out. It does not re-
quire a very large assortment of tube
sizes to accommodate all eggs from
the largest to the smallest. Large
and medium sized eggs are placed one
in a tube, whereas smaller eggs may
be packed several in a tube with a lay-
er of cotton between. The box should
be made so that both inside dimen-

47

THE OOLOGIST

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‘Y3noS 439 “FA plg ‘ezuebes1 ‘CO ‘Wy “Bulmojq BBe yo poyzow uazem—z “614

48 THE OOLOGIST

sions are divisible by the various di-
ametered tubes to be used, then all
tubes will be more or less interchange-
able in part or in whole. One of the
two boxes we now use is shallower
than the other, as is also one-half of
each box; thus four lengths of tubes
are obtained and these compactly ac-
commodate everything we take up to
Goose eggs. A heavy card board lined
on both sides with the same eider
down cloth forms a fly leaf protection
between the two halves of the box.
A small box made to contain but four
or five of these tubes offers very quick
and effective packing, especially in
cliff work, and afterwards they may
be replaced in the larger box.

That we may not carry home eggs
that can not be prepared in a manner
worthy of them, or perchance have to
be thrown away due to excessive in-
cubation, we test them using water as
a medium; for this in no way retards
the development of the embryo if the
egg is too far advanced to take. Many
eggs of which the shell density, lining,
heavy or ground color make it impos-
sible to determine the exact state of
incubation any other way, succumb to
the water test. A fresh egg sinks in
fresh water, and it soon becomes an
easy matter to determine the exact
stage of incubation.

Bringing material home for prepara-
tion affords an additional advantage to
us since we use water pressure for the
removal of shell contents. Figure 2
shows a short piece of flexible tubing
with one end slipped over a reducer
which is screwed onto a cold or hot
water hose bib over a sink, and a blow
pipe fitted into the other end of the
tubing. If the hose bib or valve is of
a good compression cock type, the
water can be adjusted to any degree
of force to suit the size of egg, hole
or state of incubation.

The exact method of procedure is

difficult to describe, as practice, judg-
ment and discrimination are necessary
factors in the blowing of each egg.
The final rinsing is accomplished by
a mouth blow pipe.

Back from a three days’ trip on the
sloughs, we have averaged in an even-
ing individually, one egg every two
minutes; handling each egg but twice,
once in the unpacking, second in the
drilling, blowing, cleaning and placing
ready to mark on the drying tray, the
eggs ranging in size from Savannah
Sparrows to Red-head Ducks, with
holes from one thirty-second to three
thirty-seconds inch diameter, depend-
ing on the state of incubation. In the
case of far advanced embryo, we pre-
pare for the inevitable—time, patience
and the necessary tools. Where a
solvent is necessary we resort to con-
centrated lye. One third lye and two-
thirds water injected into the body of
the embryo by means of a large
needleed hypodermic syringe, taking
care that the solution does not come
in contact with the membrane lining
of the shell—a wait of two or three
hours—and the contents can generally
be removed. It is advisable to first
blow out the yolk, viscera, etc., before
the lye is injected; otherwise a soft
soap forms, which, however, may be
disintegrated by a strong salt solu-
tion.

After years of interchange in cor-
respondence and specimens we know
that there are collectors who see no
virtue in the hole made in an egg
bearing some relation to the size of
the egg. We honestly believe, how-
ever, that the law of proportion and
balance would have undoubtedly im-
proved some material, that but for its
rarity only, is now granted a place in
our collections. Surely science would
sacrifice nothing, if, in the case of
beautifully marked specimens, the
least attractive side received the hole,

THE OOLOGIST

Drawer of Eggs Showing Arrangement Adopted in Collection
of Dr. Perry. Photo by Finlay Simmons

49

50 THE OOLOGIST

and identifying inscription. It may
be quite unethical to remove such
foreign colors and matter, as mud
coatings, lice markings, nest filth, etc.,
as may entirely conceal the eggs true
ground color and markings—even so—
there are times, when the ability to
discern just what nature originally
intended is very gratifying. After an
ege has fulfilled all the demands of
science there still remains something
more, at least in those eggs that have
pigment markings, for surely there is
no phase of nature which offers more
schemes or suggestions of wonderful
and varied color combinations. Well
might we apply many of these com-
binations to our every day life, sup-
planting much of the hideous, man-
conceived color discord.

Higgin’s Water-proof India ink and
a crow quill pen offers a good medium
for small, compact and distinct iden-
tifying inscription. A pencil is apt to
rub and become dim, and many of the
common writing inks will eventually
fade, indelible pencils and inks indeli-
bly deface an egg should they ever
be subjected to moisture.

In our earlier collecting we found
that the greatest percentage of loss
resulted from the multi-handling of
specimens before they were blown-
due to bunglesome equipment and lack
of system in quick transmission to the
cabinets; and much effort has been di-
directed in minimizing this percent-
age. Specially commendable is any
short method in the field as it leaves
more time for observations, notes,
photos, rest, or more collecting.

A. Owen and Antwonet Treganza.
ae, VELA, A ee eee
Preparation of Oological Specimens.
I suppose that at some time or
other, every collector has had the
thought come to him, that it would be
fine if the drill hole could be elim-
inated entirely. Thinking along these

lines I began to experiment with the
result that I found two methods to
come close to the desired object. The
first of these consists in using a very
thin mixture of No. 1 moulding plas-
ter, and injecting it into the inside of
the shell with the aid of a long necked
medicine dropper, first wetting the in-
side of the shell by squirting it full
of water and emptying it again. After
putting in the plaster mixture lay the
shell with the hole down on a piece of
glass, and in a few minutes time you
will have a whole shell again, which
only needs a touch of color to make it
absolutely perfect. This method will
be found of use where you wish to get
rid of large holes in badly incubated
eggs, and also to repair broken shells,
(from the inside).

The second method is one that must
appeal to all students who care for
neatness in the scientific preparations
of their specimens, and as it is just
as simple as the everyday way, there
should be no excuse for not using it.
It consists simply in the hiding of the
hole with the A. O. U. number. Take
for instance the common Phoebe, (A.
O. U. No. 456), drill as small a hole
as possible; when ready to mark,
place the figure “4” in front of the
hole, start your “5” just above the
hole and end it by making the lower
loop of it encircle the hole as far as it
goes; ‘then put the “6” behind it, and
you will find that the hole is practi-
cally invisible. As another example
try a Summer Tanager’s egg; in this
case you have numbers “6, 1, 0.”’. The
figure..°6” will <o in first? the: “1” im
the middle ;and the “0” will encircle
the drill hole.

You will find that almost all the
numbers will lend themselves to this
system of marking, and the greatly
improved appearance of the shell will
more than pay you for your trouble,
and prove a credit to you no matter
which side happens to be up.

51

THE OOLOGIST

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52 THE OOLOGIST

Now a word in regard to the me-
dium for marking: the old time hon-
ored method, is by a soft lead pencil,
which does very well for field use,
but I wish to recommend a small steel
crow quill pen, and a bottle of water-
proof India ink. These two articles
will cost you just fifty cents, and with
them you can mark the smallest or
largest specimens without the danger
of breakage from pressing it too hard,
as sometimes occurs with the pencil.
With the knowledge that it will stay
on until you wish to remove it, which
is very quickly done by moistening
the figures you wish to remove, with
a touch of alcohol, and wiping with a
damp ray, otherwise no amount of
handling, wetting or polishing wiil
smear them, as happens quite often
with the soft lead pencil. Every col-
lector knows that it is always a tick-
lish job to mark a Hummingbird’s egg
neatly and yet small enough to look
good on so small a shell. With the
crow quill it is quite easy.

Now one more thing before I quit: I
received some specimens from corre-
spondence, and wishing to change the
progressive number to my own series,
I started to wash them off, but aias!
for they were written on with indel-
ible, and the rest is too sad to tell.

H. A. Edwards.
Los Angeles, Cal.
i oR es Sse Fe
G. A. Abbott.

After April 1, 1916, the address of
Gerald A. Abbott, the well-known Chi-
cago Oologist and business manager
of the Wilson Ornithological Club will
be, Portland, Oregon, care Marshall
Wells Hardware Company, with whom
he has accepted a position as traveling
representative.

te eee
Egg Preparation.

I will tell you my plan by which I

prepare my eggs at small holes very

easily. I now never use any egg drill
but the smallest drill made for any
egg up to the size of the Red-tailed
Hawk egg. Unless incubation is one-
third on, all eggs up to the size of a
Bob White I drill the hole in the egg
the size I want, then I take a lining
cutter of my own make and run it
around in the hole drilled in the egg
and cut out the little round plug which
wants to keep the hole stopped up as
all collectors know this lining bothers
a lot about blowing the contents out
of an egg. When this is done I then
take a blow pipe of my own make and
blow a small bit, all that will come
out easily, then I take the egg between
my finger and shake same until the
yellow and white in the egg is thor-
oughly mixed together and becomes
then like water, then the contents of
the egg can be blown out in a moment
with ease. I only do eggs this way
that is above the size of a Bob White
egg. Where eggs are advanced in in-
cubation and the embryo formed, I
drill into them and blow out of them
all I can, then I put water or alcohol
in them enough to fill all the space in
the egg, then I put the eggs in a safe
place with holes up so water or alcohol
will stay in them. I let them stand
about twenty-eight hours, then I take
them up and blow everything out of
them I can and if the embryo has not
become thin like blood so it will blow
out all of it, I put the water or alco-
hol in again until the egg is full, then
let it stand twenty-four hours again
and by this time the embryo is nearly
always rotted to where it will come
out very easily. This is my plan to
prepare eggs to prevent having large
holes in them. -

I do hate to see a fine valuable set
of eggs with holes in them that look
as if they were bored out with an inch
drill like many I have in my collection
taken by collectors in all parts of the

THE OOLOGIST 53

United States. I can blow a fresh
Brown Thrasher’s egg and thoroughly
clean it at a hole so small you can
hardly find the hole. I use for wash-
ing eggs out, a small oil can the size
used for oiling sewing machines. This
can I fill with water and hold the point
of the can where the oil is to come
out at near the hole in the egg; then
knock the can to throw the water in
the egg at the hole; or if the egg is
large enough to let a medium size hole
be drilled large enough, the point of
the oil can can be inserted in the hole
in the egg. The water can be easily
pumped into the egg then, but this re-
quires very careful work. This is
much easier than to blow the water
with the mouth through a blow pipe
into the egg to wash it clean. After
I wash an egg out clean, I then light
a common lamp and hold the egg over
the top of the lamp chimney until it
is dry, with blow hole down; the heat
from the lamp will also draw all the
water out of the egg shell at once and
you don’t have to let the water drop
on your hot lamp chimney. If you do,
the chimney will break. I also have
learned that drying egg shells by a
lamp heat in this way prevents them
from fading, which is of great import-
ance as the shells of eggs of many
birds are bad to fade and become very
dull in color.

fom he ees ©
Valuable.

This issue of THE OOLOGIST will
be a valuable hand book for those
starting a collection of birds’ eggs, as
well as a reference mine for the older
collectors.

ei ee ge,
The Preparation and Arrangement of
Specimens.

While this field is a wide one I will
not undertake to say much. I would
like to speak about oological speci-
mens only. If you are collecting or

contemplating doing so, do it with sys-
tem and elegance; carefully select
each specimen or set of specimens and
after taking all notes and measure-
ments, just as carefully, as to identi-
fication locality, situation, material in
nest, etc., pack carefully for transpor-
tation, all this if you are sure the set
is complete. If you cannot make sure
of this, better wait a day or two for
completement, a week or more if
necessary. When you prepare the
eggs, use all care necessary to pre-
pare a first class specimen, cleaned
through a small, perfectly drilled hole,
use water and rinse perfectly clean,
be sure and remove all of the contents
of every specimen: dry slowly and
carefully on a card with various sized
holes in, in which to rest each egg.
In number use a soft A. W. Faber
drawing pencil about BG or BB, have
a point and make small numbers done
with neatness. Measure carefully the
nest, and bind it about with black
thread, 50 cotton size, wrap in tissue
paper or make a cartoon of a heavy
paper and put carefully away unless
you intend to use it in the cabinet. In
a small collection, I like to use a cab
inet of drawers and place each nest
with its egg in the drawers, write out
a full data with some notes on the
back, always having the number of the
egg and nest on each data, so as to
avoid confusion. If you wish to use
the name of the bird on the nest of
eggs in the cabinet, print them or have
them printed in neat small letters.
Whatever you do, use neatness and
system, for nothing looks worse than
a poorly kept, disorderly collection.
George W. H. vosBurgh.
poe! SR at eee eee
Marking Eggs.

Among the numerous offerings you
will doubtless receive giving methods
and means used in the preparation of
specimens, I would like to submit one
on kindred subjects.

o4 THE OOLOGIST

One is the subject of marking speci-
mens. I frequently receive sets with
none of the eggs marked or at most
but one. Specimens in this condition
seem little better than nameless waifs.
They are genuine as to species and
are bona-fide sets but when once away
from the hands of the man who col-
lected them they assume a doubtful
status. It seems to me each of the
eggs in a set should have marks on it
conveying three items of information,
i. e., the species, a set mark peculiar
to this one set, and the number of eggs
in the set. The first should be shown
by the A. O. U. check list number.
The second may be selected at the dis-
cretion of-the collector. My set mark
system at present is a consecutive col-
lection number beginning at 1. In
this way similar sets of different sea-
sons are never confused by the same
set mark. Until the series number
reaches five figures it is not at all
cumbersome. When 9999 is reached I
intend to begin at 1 again and pre-
fix “a” as the index of the new series.
This method fits in very nicely with
a loose leaf field note book I use where
in each page is numbered. This page
has on it only the notes referring to
one particular set and the number of
the page is the one given to that set
as a set mark.

The third mark is naturally the
number above the hole toward the
large end of the egg, and in the other
two in the shape of a fraction at the
opposite side of the hole, the numer-
ator being the set index and the de-
nominator the number of eggs in the
clutch.

Some collectors use only a set index,
which has one_ serious objection.
When separated from the note book
of the collector containing the num-
bers in regular order it is impossible
to tell the species (in many instances)
or the number of eggs in the set. We

should remember that we are prepar-
ing eggs that will exist in collections
after we are gone and they should be
marked so as to leave no chance for
confusion.

Other collectors begin each season
with number 1 and use a different
letter each year to designate the year.
Probably this is as good a plan as
nine but doesn’t fit my notebook sys-
‘em. There are several other systems
in use which entail more writing on
the eggs and therefore do not seem
as desirable, though in the event of
lost data the more facts concerning
the set that are written on the eggs
the better.

There is one other point I would like
space to mention. It is the almost
universal habit of collectors sending
nests by mail or express, to pack cot-
ton either in the nests or around them
or both, with nothing between the cot-
ton and the nesting material. Many a
wasted hour have I spent patiently
picking the fuzz of cotton from a
lichen-covered nest of one species or
from the bark strips and straw of an-
other. The wrapping from an orange
or a bit of newspaper would make this
unnecessary and the nests would ar-
rive in as good if not in better shape.

F. C. Willard.
ee pe re eS
1916.

Spring is here, hie to the woods
and fields. Report all the good things,
the rare finds, and the interesting ob-
servations to THE OOLOGIST.

Hot Ae,
An Open Letter.

Your promise in the November
OOLOGIST to devote an entire num-
ber to discussion of methods for the
arrangement and preparation of speci-
mens was of particular interest to me,
and if carried out successfully should
prove of benefit to collectors in gen-
eral.

58

THE OOLOGIST

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56 THE OOLOGIST

It seems to me that there is a cry-
ing need for more complete data, es-
pecially for the rarer sets. Some
years ago I received several large lots
of European eggs, and was quite dis-
gusted to find that as a rule the only
data consisted of the name of the spe-
cies, the date, and the locality. In
the majority no reference was made to
such obviously important items as the
name of the collector, nesting-site,
materials of the nest, incubation, etc.

Fortunately we are considerably in
advance of this method in America,
but even here there is often much to
be desired. Just recently I received
a set, the data for which made no
mention whatsoever of the locality
where the eggs were taken. Such sets
are of course of no value as scientific
specimens. Some collectors merely
sign their initials, or in other instan-
ces write —‘‘collected for’’—so-and-so.
This may be all right where the party
for whom the set was taken is very
well known but even then I think it
would be better to show the full name
of the collector proper.

To write “nest in an oak tree’’ does
not tell us anything. There is no ex-
cuse for taking a set of eggs unless
something is learned thereby of the
nesting habits of the birds. Under
the head of ‘‘Nest” should be written
not only a description of the materials
used, but also of the general shape
and structure; whether a loosely con-
structed platform or a skillfully woven
cup, basket or whatever the case may
be. The nesting-site itself is fully as
important, and the height from the
ground, distance out from the trunk,
and whether in a fork, saddled on a
limb, or suspended among the twigs,
should all be given. Also the charac-
ter of the country where the set was
taken, whether open woods, river bot-
tom, brushy hill-side, etc. If of a spe-
cies nesting in the mountains the ap-

proximate elevation above sea-level
should be given whenever possible.
When the set is a rare one no detail
is so small as to be unworthy of rec-
ord.

Another point is the set-mark. Tak-
ing the Robin as an example, the first
set of three taken in any year will be
numbered 1-3, the second 2-3, the third
3-3, etc. The following year the same
thing occurs again, so that after a
time there will be dozens of sets of
the same species taken by the same
collector, and all bearing the same set-
mark. Then when you lose the data
for a set and ask the collector for a
duplicate he is up against it. A better
plan is to write the year in which it
was taken on every egg of each set;
or better still to give each separate
set an individual number in addition
to the set-mark. This avoids a great
deal of confusion, especially to those
who collect in large series.

Looking forward to the publication
of the promised number from which I
am sure we all will glean something
of value, I remain,

Yours very truly,
D. J. Shepardson.
ioe Gees Se ee
Look ’Em Over.

Your collection should be looked
over at least once a month, to keep
watch for signs of deterioration, damp-
ness, dust, insects and the like.

fate Sea eg a
My Way of Caring For Nests.

In preparing nests for the cabinet
I mount them on little boards 414%4x5
inches, twenty-four of these just fit a
drawer in my cabinet, which is 18 x 30
inches inside. Orange box covers
make the best as they are about the
right width. I cut them to the right
size and leave them rough just as they
come from the saw and stain them a
dark moss green with a stain made of
chrome green and drop of black made

Shore

THE OOLOGIST

Bird Skins Prepared and Photographed by Horace H. Green

57

58 THE OOLOGIST

very thin with turpentine. The grain
of the wood shows nicely and the
rough finish is much more artistic
than to have the boards plained and
they harmonize with the bark of the
branches on which some of the nests
are placed.

For the ground nests I make little
wire baskets and fasten them to the
little board mounts. The nests which

are on a piece of the branch are fas- -

tened by putting a screw up through
the bottom of the mount and into the
branch, thus fastening the nest secure-
ly to the mount.

For Vireos nests and others that
are in a forked branch I put a stand-
ard: on one side or in a corner of the
amount and making a hole in the top
of the standard fit the end of the
branch into the pole in the standard.
Several Hummingbirds nests can be
mounted on one board by using stand-
ards.

The accompanying photographs
shows one of the Warbler drawers in
my cabinet. Reading from left to
right the nests and sets are Golden-
winged Warbler (2), Black-throated
Blue Warbler (2), Magnolia Warbler
(2); Second row, all Cerulean Warb-
ler; third row, Cerulean Warbler (4),
Northern Water Thrush, Blackburnian
Warbler; fourth row, Mourning Warb-
ler, Canadian Warbler and _ Black-
throated Green Warbler (4).

Verdi Burtch.
+e
Collecting Birds’ Nests.

There is nothing that enhances the
value of a collection of eggs more than
having the accompanying nests of the
various species. The greatest objec-
tion to the formation of a collection
of nests is the fact that they are as a
rule bulky or I am sure there would
be more collectors who would make it
a rule to obtain for their private ccl-
lection at least one nest of each spe-
cies. In collecting nests it is always

desirable to secure the nest “in situ’.
By in situ is meant the procuring of
the nest attached to the limb of the
tree or any object on which the nest
rests. Even the larger nests can quite
often be secured “in situ’ if one has
the patience and time and means of
conveyance for securing same. I se-
sured my first of the larger nests, a
crow’s, after probably three hours’
work. It was some thirty feet up in
an oak and about % of a mile from
my home, but with a common hand
saw and a rope to let it down with I
secured the most interesting speci-
men, at least so to my visitors, that
I had at that time. With certain sit-
uations you may have some difficulty.
In one instance, I wanted a phoebe's
nest showing the method of fastening
to the side of a vertical surface. i
found a nest thus attached on the side
of a wooden beam under a low bridge.
The beam was about a foot wide and
two inches thick but I got the nest as
originally fastened and also about a
square foot of bridge after bringing
the hand saw into play. I have also
had difficulty in securing a nest of the
green heron; the only nests of these
birds I have found were in hawthorne
tangles and I have as yet to secure
one of these frail structures in pre-
sentable condition.

All birds have nests; even if the
eges are laid on the bare ground the
spot where the eggs rest is the nest.
To show that the species nests on the
ground ,the soil, sand or gravel on
which the eggs were deposited can,
with a little care, be transferred to a
shallow box of a size varying with the
dimensions of the nest; the eggs after
preparation being placed in situation
as when found. A trowel or spade is
necessary in getting these ground
nests. If you live near the ocean,
where, as in the case with certain
ocean birds whose eggs are deposited
on rocks, it is, of course, impossible

59

THE OOLOGIST

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60 - THE OOLOGIST

or impracticable to attempt to take the
nest unless you are a prospector and
have mining tools and dynamite to
work with. But with the average col-
lector who collects near his home he
can soon work up a collection of nests
of much educational value.

The nests of birds such as wood-
peckers can often be secured without
much difficulty; when these birds nest
in fence posts I have often taken the
whole post home, sawed off the sec-
tion containing the nest and put the
rest of the post on the wood pile. Quite
often some collectors saw a nest hole
below the hole dug out by the birds
to show the bed of the nest and the
eggs. This is very satisfactory.

Where the nest is small it is well
to place it in your cabinet, as with
hummingbirds, vireos, knatcatchers
and and some warblers, as nests are
great dust collectors and should be
protected by the cabinet or a glass
show case when possible. Whé€n your
oological specimen is rare or you have
no duplicates I should not advise the
placing of the specimens in the nest
as they are more liable to breakage
than in the recesses of your cabinet
and also light, continually falling on
your specimens will cause the eggs to
fade to some extent. However, the
private collector will find much pleas-
ure in forming a collection of this
kind. Some of these little nests are
beauties of nature and what is more
wonderful than the nests of some of
the small warblers, the vireos, the
hummingbirds, marsh wren, and the
Baltimore oriole? And you will have
no trouble in their preparation as a
nest needs no skinning nor blowing
as in the case with other ornithologi-
cal specimens. As most of the nests
will be found in trees you will need
only a good pocket knife or with
others a hand saw. So let us have
more nests in our collections.

Emerson A. Stoner.

Ant Poison.

With one gallon of cheap syrup mix
1-3 ounce of Arsenate of Soda. Soak
a sponge with the mixture and en-
close it in a paper bag, perforated to
admit the ants and parafined to pro-
tect the poison, from the rain, small
buckets or quart cans perforated near
the top, will do. Tack the bags up
where the ants will readily find them.
Two or three bags should be placed
in the infested territory. Replenish
the bags with the poison at frequent
intervals, as it is imperative that the
entire colony be killed or the remain-
ing ants will breed rapidly. If you
find a bird’s nest infested by ants
place a few bags of poison where it
will do the most good, otherwise the
ants will eat the young birds.

W. A. Strong.
San Jose, Cal.

fe
Blood Stains.

If I had known what I do now, about
removing blood stains, I would have
a good many more specimens on hand.
One often hears or reads “Specimens
too shot up or perhaps, bloody to
save.” Since I have used this metnod,
which may be old, but which is new
as far as I know, I have lost only one
specimen, from its being too bloody,
—an American Woodcock, whose head
was all but shot off. Of course if
feathers are riddles, or feet lost, this
method will not save your bird, but at
least try it on a bird which looks
hopelessly bloody.

Take for instance, an Owl whose
facial disc is a mass of blood, and
whose eyes are shot to nothing. Fol-
low this course: Get some luke warm
water, several rags, plenty of cotton
and some _ Kingsford’s Cornstarch.
Now dampen the face thoroughly with
water, and mop off as much of the
blood as possible; continue this pro-
cess until the feathers seem free from

THE OOLOGIST 61

blood. Then lift them all up, and piug
wounds with cotton. carefully fill up
the space between the eyes and eye-
lids with cotton, and wash again, very
thoroughly. Now apply very liberally
the cornstarch. It will form a paste
probably. With a tooth brush, take
this off, and apply more. Gradually
the pastiness will discontinue, and the
feathers will assume their individual
shape. Now shake, apply more corn-
starch and when the pastiness stops
entirely, begin using your old tooth
brush. Brush and shake. The feath-
ers will become fiuffy. Put more corn-
starch on if necessary, and continue
to brush and shake. Eventually you
will not know the bird had been shot
in the face.

The gasoline-plaster paris method is
no doubt good, but to me water is
more agreeable than gasoline, and
surely less expensive. The cornstarch
is generally easier to get than gaso-
line. George M. Sutton.

oa Ee ee
Hints On Egg Blowing.
By J. H. Bowles, Tacoma, Wash.

The first set of eggs that I have on
record as personally collected is that
of a Ruby-throated Hummingbird N-2,
taken by my brother and myself at
Canton, Mass., in June, 1882. One egg
was broken in blowing, so the remain-
ing one was turned over to my father,
who was successful in making a per-
fect specimen of it (something of a
feat for a man who had never even
tried to blow an egg before.)

I advanced gradually in the study
of oology, evolving and discarding
many strange ideas. Among these
was the theory that an egg was at its
best when blown with a good big hole,
whether it was fresh or advanced in
incubation (let me pause here to say
that some collectors of modern times
seem to be of that same opinion). This
was especially true of big eggs, such

as Red-shouldered Hawks. I thought
these fine large eggs surely were wor-
thy of the full capacity of my very
largest drill. Happily I outgrew this
stage before many years, gradually re-
ducing the size of the hole until now
I can prepare an egg in moderately
presentable shape. An egg the size of
that of the Crow, unless considerably
advanced in incubation, should not
require a hole larger than will admit
the head of a common pin. A hole the
size of the body of a pin is amply large
for warbler eggs and the like. Per-
sonally I like even smaller holes, but
perhaps I am something of an extrem-
ist in that direction.

Another disastrous scheme was try-
ing to have the hole free from the lin-
ing of the shell. This utterly useless
idea ruined several rare sets for me
as first class material before I threw
it into the discard. Blow your egg,
clean it thoroughly with water, dry it,
mark it with the A. O. U. number and
the number of your own set-mark, and,
if you have done your work neatly, no
reasonable collector will find any fault
with it. Mark the egg with small fig-
ures, one number above the hole with
the other below it. Some of our very
best collectors use ink in marking
their specimens, but I greatly prefer a
very soft lead pencil for many rea-
sons.

Still another of my numerous mis-
takes was in using small shot to re-
move the membrane from an incubat-
ed egg after the rest of the contents
had been removed. Again eggs were
made second class and much time
wasted before I found that, by filling
the egg with water and twisting a
horsehair around in it, the membrane
could be removed quickly and easily.
In eggs of warbler size and smaller a
fine hair should be used, and care
should be taken that it does not dou-
ble together inside the egg. I think
that I can safely say that this method

62 THE OOLOGIST

will be found a vast improvement up-
on the use of shot.

Removing the contents of an egg
that is so nearly hatched that it is
just short of being ‘‘pipped”’ is, I rather
think, a rock upon which nearly all of
us have foundered at times. I always
test one egg from a nest if I am in the
smallest doubt as to the stage of in-
cubation, pricking a small hole with a
pin where I should drill and testing
the solidity of the contents with a
grass stem. It is better to spoil one
egg from a set in this way than to
take the whole set home and then
have to throw it away. It is unworthy
of a true oologist for him to take a
very hard set egg unless the species
is so rare that he is unlikely to find
another set. This rule should be ap-
plied only to small eggs, because the
size of Quail eggs, or larger, can be
safely prepared if the collector is able
and willing to take plenty of time.
In preparing eggs in this condition I
have tried many advocated chemicals
with more or less success (generally
less), but have discarded them all for
the following very simple plan. Do
not drill the eggs at all, but set them
aside where they will not get broken
and leave them for at least two weeks.
They should be turned every day in
order that the contents may not ad-
here to the shell. By the end of two
weeks, or more, drill the hole and the
contents should become so softened
that quite a little may be blown out,
then fill the egg with water and set it
aside for a day, continuing this treat-
ment until the contents have been en-
tirely removed. This method sounds
much more tedious than it really is,
and with the use of an embryo hook
I have prepared with small holes eggs
containing well feathered young of
such species as Mountain Quail, An-
cient Murrelet, Peal’s Falcon, etc.
. Heavily marked eggs, such as the fal-
cons, can be badly discolored by using

chemicals for dissolving the embryo,
which fact I learned on a set of Spar-
row Hawk. Be sure to let the con-
tents get thoroughly softened before
trying to remove the harder parts. If
you are on a camping trip pack the
eggs carefully and do not attempt to
blow them until you get home. It will
not hurt them if you do not look at
them again for a month, as they will
get turned sufficiently by the shifting
of the camp equipment.

Well, I will stop now and give some
other fellow a chance.

So Sg ne ae
News For Bird Hunters.

Bloomington, Ill., Feb. 18.—[ Special ]
—P. F. Flanagan, deputy game warden
for central Illinois, received advices
today that federal authorities had de-
cided not to enforce the migratory
game bird law, conflicting, as it does,
with the Illinois statute, and that
hunters may shoot water fowl this
spring, the same as in years prior to
the adoption of the federal statute.

The foregoing telegram appeared in
one of the metropolitan Chicago dail-
ies and is illustrative of the condition
of law in the State of Illinois. Is it
any wonder that the general public is
getting disgusted with the law-making
and law-enforcing officials throughout
the land? The failure to enforce this
Federal Statute would be an encour-
agement to every illicit seller of liquor,
counterfeiter, post office burglar, and
violator of the Mann Act to continue
violating Federal Law. It does seem
that sometime, somewhere, some per-
son should be placed in office who has
the ability and the nerve to enforce
the law as he finds it, and who is not
always either looking for graft or en-
deavoring to find a loophole through
which he may avoid doing what it is
his duty to do. The decision of the
Federal authorities above referred to
is an outrage and a disgrace.

-

THE OOLOGIST

BOOKS.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and

Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Il.
WANTED.—'‘The Auk,” Vols. I and VI

(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagie Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

WANTED.—BuJletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologic Club, Vol. I,cdd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
books by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. All bird magazines. W.
4 ERICKSON, 208 West 40th St.. Savannah,

a.

~ FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1. skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY K. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

W4 Ni KD.—Books., Magazines and Pamph-
Jets about Birds and Natural History Sub-
jects. In all cases state what you have and
tne lowest cash prices. No other prices con-
sidered. Address FRANK BENDER, 128
fourth Ave.. New York City. (3-14)

TO EXCHANGE.—I have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals [mostly Ornithologicall
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, cogs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS
Berwyn. |2-p]}

EXCHANGE.—A small collection of Indian
relics; a few books on natural history, birds,
biological survey publications and maga-
zines for eggs in sets only. oe W.
JACKSON, Cambridge, Maryland, R. 1

EXCHANGE-—Birds and all nature, March,
April, May, June and November 1899 for best
offer. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton, N. Y.

WANTED.—For cash ‘The Oologist’’ (this
magazine) Volume3 No.4and Volume4N .
1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y.

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchangei. othernumbers
a reasonable cash price. E, A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

FOR SALE BIRD LORE.—Lot A, Vols. 1
to XII inclusive without volume indexes; Lot
B, Vol. II No, 1 to Vol. XII No, 2. inclusive
without volume indexes and Vol. II No. 2
missing. Will not break lots. ‘State best cash
offer. THOMAS L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St.. McKeesport. Pa.

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ “California
Water Birds, No. IV,” for which I will pay
any reasonable price. W. E. CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WANTED,—In good condition: Nidiolo-
gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.
IV No.3 and index: Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index;
Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. I[I No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. Tx
No.6 and index. How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exchange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

Ill

WANTED.—Ornithologist and Oologigist
Vol. 1, No. 2 and 4. Bulletin Cooper Club,
Volk. 12No: 3s Address with price. C. W.
Sra UMBERE AIN, 36 Lincoln St., Boston,

ass.

Books bought, sold and exchanged. High-
est cash prices for books and m»#gazines
about Birds and all other Natural History
Subjects. Send list of what you have and
state your lowest price. Correspondence on
all matters relating to old books solicited.
THs NEW YORK BOOK MART, 30 Lexing-
ton Ave., New York, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—American Naturalist
1868, 1889, 1884, 1887, six volumes half leather.
Wanted Smithsonian Annual Reports for .
1900, 1901, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1996. JOHN THOM P-

SON, Clinton, N. ve

FOR SALE.—Auk, Vol. 16 to 32 inclusive.
Also several volumes of Condor, and Osprey.
No reasonable offer refused. E. J. WHEEL-
ER, 177 Pequot Ave., New London, Conn.

MISCELLANEOUS.

FOR SALE AND EXCHANGE.—Live
Snakes, Lizards, Baby Turtles. also general
line of Florida insects. NAT. Pe FRY.
Eureka, Marion County, Florida. (1-p)

FOR SALE.—5 x7 photographs of the nests
and eggs of 26 species of birds of this locality.
Mr. I. E. Hess says they areas good as he has
seen. Send 40c in stamps forone. E. PERRY,
610 Baylor St., Austin, Texas.

WANTED.—A good Stereopticon Lantern
for which I will give good exchange in sets of
bird magazines, books and mounted birds.
Anyone having such please communicate
que ARTHUR W. BROCKWAY, Hadlyme,
Jonn.

FOR SALE.—Cocoons of the Promethea,
Cocropia, Polyphemus Io, Luna and Cynthia
Moths, in lots as desired. Prices upon ap-
application. Will also exchange for species
of the far west. Have lot of Dev onian fossils
in Oriskany sandstone also to offer in ex-
change for others. LOUIS S. KOHLER,
Bloomfield, N. J.

Harrington & Richardson 44 Caliber Taxi-
dermist shot gun. AIso one in. 16 gauge.
Snapping Turtle 1-33, 1-41, 1-46. Want A. I.
sets with data. JAMES. O. JOHNSON, 310
North Main, Southington, Conn.

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber collecting gun, suitable for
shot cartridges. R,. P. SHARPLES. West
Chester, Pa.

~FORSALE—Revolving Back Cycle Graphic
Camera and complete outfit for developing
and finishing, almost new and in perfect con-
dition. Lens and shutter equipment consists
of Bausch and Lomb Zies Tessor No. 16
series, I C, F 4. and No. 2 Telephoto in
Optimo shutter with speed up to 1-300 of a
second. Banschand Lomb Zies Protor series
VII Nos. 3, 4 and 5in No.3 Compound shutter
and B ansch and Lomb Zies Protor series IV
No. 4 and series V No. 2in No.1 Volute shut-
ter. Will sell the entire outfit or split it up
for just 4 catalogue price. If you want some-
thing of the best in this line write for par-,
ticulars and sample photo. ELTON PERRY
610 Baylor St., Austin, Texas.

THE OOLOGIST IV

IN PRESS THE CONDOR

A Magazine of Western
Extensive Catalogue Ornithology

Published Bi-monthly by the

Cooper Ornithological Club of California

Books on

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

i" ‘‘The Condor’’ i strictly crap

: ut edited in such a way that a be-

North American Birds ae of ‘‘Bird Study’’_can easily un-
erstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated

JOHN H. SHERMAN, Jr., by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-

403 Seneca St. try. Sample Copy 30c.
Address
MOUNT VERNON, N. Y. W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,

Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

I want one set each of the following, viz: A. O. U. No. 7, 35, 43, 77, 92, 103,
141.1, 167, 173, 192, 196, 258a, 261, 264, 286, 289a, 31014, 347, 247a, 351, 373b,
07544, 377, 384, 474b, 474e, 486, 511b 1-6, I. TS, 612, 627a, 736a, 758a, 759b.

I want two sets each-of the following, viz: A. O. U. No. 5, 26, 38, 131, 145,
160, 169a, 171a, 172a, 180, 222, 310b, 310c, 318, 339b 2-2, 466a, 536, 542b, 552, 581d,
593a, 164, 615, 744, 768.

For these I will allow twice Lattin’s 1905 exchange rates, and I have a very
unusual exchange list to select from.

R. M. BARNES, Lacon, IIl.

THE QOLOGIST.

BIRDS--NESTS--EGGS
TAXIDERMY

Von--cXXITI. No. 4.

ALBION, N. Y., ARRIL 15, 1916.

WHOLE No, 845

BRIEF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 cents

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent. No notice in-
serted for less than 25 cents.
TAKE NOTICE. Entered as second-class matter De-
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR eember 21, 1903, at the post office at
Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 345 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 329 your
subscription expired with December issue
1914. Other expirations can be computed by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

of March 38, 1879.

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention ‘“‘The Oologist,”’
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

eggs, or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR.

BIRDS

WANTED-—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, I11

Would like to exchange Pheasant Eggs
suitable for hatching, for Prairie Chicken or
Ruff Grouse eggs, fresh and handles so they
will hatch. Would like to correspond with
parties that can furnish these eggs. W. E.
SURFACE, Decatur, Ill.

IT havea lot of fine duck skins with heads
folded over the back which I will exchange
for skins of common small land birds. A.C.
BENT, Taunton, Mass.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese, Eagles, Ducks,
Prairie Chicken, Mountain Quail, Bob and
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox,
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar,
and other fish. Fresh skins,in meat or alive,
wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals.
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on
cash, DEAN’S NAT. SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Alliance, O,

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus (Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT, 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

We are anxious at all times to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list of your
list of material and of your wants.
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, Passenger Pigeon, Scarlet Ibis.
Blue-headed Quail Dove, White and Gray
Gyrfalcons, Black-capped Vireo. Golden
cheeked Warbler and soon. Writeus today.
WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Rochester, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE. — Collection of North
American birds. Collectlon contains 1340
specimens representing 440 species and sub
species. 114 birds are mounted and the rest
in skin form. PHILLIP LAURENT, 31 East
Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia. Pa.

FOR EXCHANGE - Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

WANTED.—A Mounted Albino Squirrel.
Offer in exchange mounted specimens, skins

or cash. O.S. BIGGS. San Jose, Ill
WANTED. — Nests of North American
3irds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will

appreciate list of what you have to exchange
or sell. LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808
Webster St., Waco, Texas.

[i THE OOLOGIST

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
aumerals in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, III.

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples all kinds printing, Arts
& Crafts Exchange. J. J. WIRZ, 1422-1424
Gwinnett St.,. Augusta, Ga.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
peters write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

a.

FOR EXCHANGE,—A pair of Eastern
Model climbers and a few sets each of 289,
412, 498, 506. 511, 593. 601, 622 and 631 for birds
eggs. R.C. MARTIN, Jr. Albemarle, La.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Complete sets of Nova
Scotia birds’ eggs for hammerless shot guns
or rifles, in good condition. Parker gun pre-
ferred. Write for my list and tell me what
one. R. W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova

cotia.

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 378b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552. 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor St..,
Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—6 1-4, 30 1-1, 123b 1-2,
185 1-2, 197 1-3, 194 1-4, 219 1-6, 305 1-4, 320 1-1,
389 1-2, 352 1-1. 390 1-6. 423 1-4 1-5, 444 1-4, 477 1-4
1-5, 481 1-3, 1-5, 511 3-5. 542a 1-5, 563 2-4. 581c 1-3,
588b 1-4, 593c 1-3 and many others. E. A.

WHEELER. East Randolph. N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.— Full sets of 1, 3. 11, 16,
30, 32, 37, 49, 53, 65, 71, 77.0 ‘: 108. 117, 120c, 121,

122, 126, 141, a 165, 188. iy) 1 +. 197. 201, 203, 208,
212, 214, 219, 225, 226, 22: 20. 243, 261, 263, 264,
269, 275, D8), 293, 294. -09 329, 331, 333. 335, 337,
337b, 339, 339h, 341. 343 48. 355. 359. 360, 360a, 362,

and 364. oer AR REINECKE,
St,, Buffalo, N. Y.

400 Elm

WANTED.—To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140. 153. 192, 277, 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317. 318, 344. 352a and many others. I
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
eed, KF. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,

riz

FOR EXCHANGE.—AsI wish to increase
my collection to 900 A. O. U. species will offer
for new species in A 1 sets only, choice sets
from my private series including Loons,
Albatross, Anseres, Limicolas, Rapteres, in-
cluding Kites, Eagles, Gryfalcons, Falcons,
Owls, Goatsuckers, Warblers Kinglets. Also

a few others if you prefer. All answered.
he EK. PRICE, Grant Park, III.

EGGS

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey tu exchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378 S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O

less shot gun, rifle or revolver.
particulars of same and get my list. R. W
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—273 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b 2-3
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 7hla
2-4 and many others with small holes. for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. C. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

Natural History Cabinet for sale or ex-
change. Suitable for bird skins, eggs, botany,

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

BOOKS.

WANTED.—No. 7 of Volume 29 of The
Jologist. For this we will give one year’s
subscription or pay 25¢c in cash. M.
BARNES, Lacon, I).

FOR SALE.—Bird Lore.

lan

No: 1- Voli to

No. 6 Vol. 17. Clean, complete and all
indexes. $21.00 cash. ALFRED L. MAR-

SHALL, Weeping Water, Nebr.

WANTED. — Ornithologist and Oologist
Vol. 1-5, Osprey Vol.1 No. 2 and 4. Address
write price. C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lin-
coln St,, Boston, Mass.

FOR SALE.—Bendire’s ‘Life Histories of
North American Birds” two volumes, newly
bound half morocco; perfect condition, price
$16.00. A. F. SMITHSON, Warrensburg, Mo.

WANTED.—Hornaday, Two Years in the
Jungle. Sport in the Crimes and Caucasus,
Savage Svanetia, both by C. Phillips, Wooley.
Address with price. WM. J. HACKMEIE
645 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, IIl.

WANTED.—‘The Auk,” Vols. I and VI
(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

THE OOLOGIST.

Von. XXXIIE. No. 4. ALBION, N. Y., APRIL 15, 1916, WHOLE No. 845

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Il.

THE DOMESTIC CAT

The State Board of Agriculture of Massachusetts has issued a Bulletin—
No. 2, on the subject of the domestic cat, and all bird lovers should procure
a copy of the same and peruse it as early as possible, and then make it a
point to destroy every cat possible, regardless of race, color, or previous
condition. The petted and pampered house tabby as well as the alley cat and
the half wild cats of the woods are all exceedingly destructive of bird life.

This bulletin shows the destruction of 170 species of birds of all sizes

destroyed by cats, from the most diminutive species up to the size of the goose.

The Bob-white, Grouse, Chipping Sparrow, Junco, Song Sparrow, Yellow
Warbler, Catbird, Bluebird and Robin leading as to the number destroyed in
the several species.

KILL THE CATS AND SAVE THE BIRDS.

—

64 THE OOLOGIST

The Federal Migration Law.

Our reference to the enforcement of
this law or its lack of enforcement
along the Illinois Valley, one of the
great highways for migratory water
fowl has brought a reply from the
Bureau of Biological Survey, which
says that the Department has not sus-
pended the regulations of the Federal
Migratory Bird Law, “but proposes to
enforce them to the best of its abil-
ity,’ and asks THE OOLOGIST to an-
nounce this fact in its columns. This
we are glad to do, and we hope that
the Department will not only “pro-
pose” to enforce this law, but that it
will enforce it. .

The manner of its enforcement
along the Illinois River is a disgrace
to the government. Hunting is pub-
licly and continually carried on. Any-
one traveling on the Rock Island rail-
road or any of the roads running up
and down the Illinois Valley, sees
hunters fully equipped, carrying guns,
wearing rubber boots, and with suspi-
cious looking bags, getting on and off
at all places. The boom of the guns
can be heard in early morn and late
evening from the office and home of
the writer almost any day, and the
fiagrancy of the violation is further
evidenced by account in the Peoria
Transcript, of... March. 2ith- jo one
Thomas Thompson of 200 North

Adams street, Peoria, who shot his
left hand off the day before “while
hunting ducks across the river yester-
day forenoon shortly before 6 o’clock,”’
as runs the account in the Peoria daily
paper aforesaid.

The Federal Migratory bird law is

the one great corner stone for the pre-
servation for the fast diminishing fam-
ily of birds, and it is up to those whose
duty it is to see that it is enforced.
THE OOLOGIST will be glad to
give them all aid within its power.
Since writing the above the follow-
ing is taken from the Lacon Home

Journal of March 30th, which shows
how the law is being enforced in this
vicinity:

“Shooting Ducks.

“Some of the hunters are taking the
risk and are shooting ducks in opposi-
tion to the Federal law. A hunter
passed our place Sunday with a bunch
of eight or ten.”

eae 05 Paw ae eee
Flicker.

On May 10, 1915, I found a Flicker’s
nest twelve feet up in a dead elm con-
taining three fresh eggs. My next
visit to the nest was on the 18th of
May and it contained thirteen eggs
fresh. Now if the bird had laid an egg
every day from the tenth until the
eighteenth, that would account for
eleven eggs. All the eggs were fertile
but three were quite a bit larger than
the rmaining eight. Therefore I think,
as it is reasonable to suppose, that two
different Flickers laid eggs in this
nest. (Toronto).

Goldfinch.

On August 27, 1915, I flushed a Gold-
finch from her nest about fifteen feet
up on a horizontal branch of an oak.
The nest contained four perfectly
fresh eggs. (Toronto).

Paul Tarrington.
pa I A OE ED EN
The Northern Pileated Woodpecker.
(Phlaotomus pileatus abieticola)
By S. S. Dickey.

That scarlet-crested and attractive
bird, the pileated woodpecker, known
in some localities as Indian Hen, Log-
cock, and Woodcock was once a toler-
ably abundant species of woodpecker
in most of the Eastern as well as the
Central and Northern States. Years
ago it is said not to have been uncom-
mon to hear these wary birds as they
uttered their flicker-like notes or paus-
ed to hammer on some hollow tree
trunk. At that time the birds inhab-

THE OOLOGIST

Drawing illustrative of the Northern Pileated Woodpecker
—Made by S. S. Dickey

65

66 THE OOLOGIST

ited all forests. But with the vanish-
ing of more cherished game, hunters
began to persecute our great wood-
pecker, shooting the birds at every op-
portunity and leaving them as food for
insects. As the country became more
populated, the forests, necessarily, be-
came smaller and smaller until the
Indian Hen was compelled to seek
refuge in the lesser timber tracts.
Here, of course, their destruction was
sure; for squirrel hunters, particularly
slew each bird on account of its size
and attractive coloration.

So, today, we find the pileated wood-
pecker driven by ruthless man, their
greatest enemy, into the wilder and
less frequented mountain slashings,
primeval forests, or wooded tracts re-
moved from the habitations of man.
It is true that in some regions, where
the birds are not molested, they will
resort to woods quite near the dwell-
ings of men.

This giant woodpecker has been di-
videdby scientists into two geographi-
cal races, the Pileated Woodpecker,
Phloeotomus pileatus pileatus. and the
the Northern Pileated Woodpecker,
Phloeotomus pileatus abieticola. The
Northerner is said to be of a larger
size than the species found farther
south. It ranges from the southern
Alleghany Mountains into the central
parts of the Dominion of Canada; while
the true Pileated ranges throughout
the Southern States. The species are
similar in habits. They flit about the
darker forests, feeding extensively
upon iarge ants, beetles, and larvae,
thus ridding the trees of quite noxious
insect pests. Undoubtedly the birds
are valuable to the forests.

For nesting places these birds usual!-
ly select some dead, or partly dead,
snag, hidden away in the deeper re-
cesses of a forest or slashing. In this
snag they excavate a cavity to a depth
of from fifteen to twenty inches, en-

larging it as they dig downwards. Up-
on soft chips of wood they deposit
from three to five pure white and
glassy eggs. Early May is the usual
time for completed sets in the North,
while in the South the middle of April
is the time for a full clutch. A nest
found by the writer on May 8, 1913,
in Central Pennsylvania, was dug into
a somewhat leaning red maple (Acer
rubrum) snag which was secluded in
a dense and wet timber slashing, deep
down in a mountain valley. It was
thirty feet above the ground and about
seven feet below the top of the snag.
The entrance hole faced the Hast. The
bird was at-home on four fresh eggs
which appeared very beautiful, their
intensely yellowish yolks giving them
an attractive tinge of color. The eggs
measured 1.30 x .99, 1.35 x .97, 1.27 = 96;
1.28 x .96.

For several years past I knew that
the pileated woodpecker regularly in-
habited some of the larger and more
secluded woods of southwestern Penn-
sylvania. Mr. J. Warren Jacobs had
found them nesting many years ago.
On May 22, 1904, I saw my first pileat-
ed woodpecker. It was picking at the
dead part of an apple tree that stood
in an orchard bordering an extensive
woods of huge oak, ash, and tulip
trees. I felt sure that a pair of the
birds nested there each season ani
was assured of it when my friend, M-.
James Carter, noted in early June,
1906, an adult bird accompanied by
three well grown young. They crept
up the side of a giant white ash tree
and Mr. Carter watched them a snort
time. I made several searches for a
nest with the result that I found a di-
lapidated excavation, 10 feet up, in the
top of a sugar maple snag that stood
on a steep hillside. The excavation
was not a deep one, being probably 8
or 9 inches. Since the preceding
notes I have had no signs of the birds

THE OOLOGIST

tree, Huntington County, Pa., May, 1913
—Photo by 8S. S. Dickey

67

68 THE OOLOGIST

and it is quite probable that they have
gone the way of all worldly flesh at the
hands of some squirrel hunter. I talk-
ed with several men who roam the
woods during Sundays and spare time
and they have reported the pileated
woodpecker as inhabiting severai of
the larger woods. An old man said lie
had seen a pair about 1907 and had
shot one of the birds.

I asked my friend, Mr. Guy Garrison,
who lives some twenty-two miles
southwest of Waynesburg, if he had
seen these large woodpeckers in that
region. He told me that he had at one
time observed five in a bunch and had
shot one bird. This happened in the
summer several years since. I re-
quested him to keep a close watch for
the birds and late in the summer of
1913 he reported that he had seen one
of them fly across a deep ravine be-
tween two wooded hills, and just
above his home. Late last March I
again inquired about the birds and my
friend told me they had been pound-
ing in the woods above his house.
When a few days had passed I went
into that section of the county in
search of Red-tailed Hawk’s nests.
Mr. Garrison directed me to the place
where he had frequently heard the
birds “pounding.” I was not long in
detecting numerous chips upon the
ground, and peering up I discovered a
newly made hole, 35 feet above the
ground, in the dead top of a slender
live sour gum (Nyssa sylvatica). This
tree stood on a small flat and just be-
low the crest of the ridge. The woods
there was small but became more ex-
tensive as it crossed the hill into a
deep ravine. The day following I went
home with high hopes of returning to
this place when early May should
come.

On May 7, accompanied by Profes-
sor R. C. Harlow, who had come to
spend several days with the birds, 1

took the hack for Pine Bank, a post
office seventeen miles away. From
this point we tramped over the hills
to the home of Mr. Garrison, arriving
after dark. Early the following morn-
ing we were all three at the base of
the gum tree. Harlow said the nest
looked fine; and I imagined the bird
was sitting on her eggs. However, up-
on ascending the tree, no bird appear-
ed at the opening. I cut away the
tough outer bark and found that the
cavity held many large chips and two
black beetles alive. Such was the
luck! We went down the hill to the
house, not over an eighth of a mile
away, and after an hour had passed we
heard a pileated woodpecker calling
from the vicinity of our false nest. I
am unable to say whether the cavity
had been dug for nesting purposes or
whether it was one of the false holes
sometimes prepared by woodpeckers.
Guy told me that the birds had been
there digging all through April and
it seems strange that they should work
so diligently on a false hole. We spent
the next day in the neighborhood and
twice heard pileated woodpecker’s
call notes. I found an old excavation
in the top of a gum snag. Mr. Jame;
Carter visited the region a week later
and saw one of the birds picking at an
apple tree that stood in an orchard
near the house. It soon flew away ta
the woods.

On May 20 I was hunting for a nest
of Whip-poor-will in a forest of huge

oaks, that lay in a deep ravine, four

miles from my home. In the top of a
big white oak snag, and probably 25
feet above the ground, I spied a large
and new entrance hole of the pileated
woodpecker. There were chips on the
ground beneath the cavity, so I ex-
pected to find young birds in the nest.
No amount of pounding on the snag
produced a bird’s head at the open-
ing. Upon ascending to the hole I

THE OOLOGIST

Nesting Stub of Northern Pileated Woodpecker in Sour Guim
Tree in Southwestern Pennsylvania, May, 1914

—-Photo by 8. §. Dickey

69

70 THE OOLOGIST

found that it held spider webs and
many chips. However, the excavation
had been made quite recently and was
about 10 inches in depth.

Now there still remain a few pairs
of these elegant birds in our Green
County woods. Perhaps sometimes I
shall be so fortunate as to locate an
occupied nest, and if so I shall be the
happiest man in all these parts, for
there is no bird that lends to me the
attractiveness that does the noble
pileated woodpecker.

ota ihe a I ea ee eee eed
The Great Black-Backed Guil on the
Hudson River.

The Great Black-backed Gull (Larus
marinus) during the past winter has
been rather common on the Hudson
River from Yonkers to the Battery and
even more so on upper New York Bay.

On December 7th the first of the
season appeared off Barclay Street,
Manhattan and was feeding on the
river in company with the Herring
Gulls which were unusually abund-
ant on this particular date. On the
17th two individuals. were observed
off Hoboken near midstream, both
resting on the surface of the river. On
the 23d one was seen near the Frank-
lin Street piers, Manhattan. This also
was resting on the river surface.

In January ten were recorded dur-
ing the month. On the 5th, one was
cbserved just west of Governor’s
Island. On the 10th, two were seen
near the ship canal at Spuyten Duyvii
and about an hour after one was ob-
served near the Edgewater Ferry at
130th Street, Manhattan. On the 18th
one was observed flying low over the
river at Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
On the 26th, four individuals were seen
near St. George, Staten Island. On
the 29th one was recorded off Christo-
pher Street, Manhattan.

During February seven individuals
were observed, two near Liberty Island

on the 4th; one off the sugar refinery
at Yonkers on the 8th; two near mid-
stream just above Twenty-third Street,
Manhattan, on the 10th, and two near
the southern end of Governor’s Island
on the 14th.

The above records constitute the
most abundant season that the writer
has experienced with these birds dur-
ing the past decade and a half.

Louis S. Kohler.
a

Bubo Virginianus.
The Great Horned Owl.

I want to state my experience in ob-
serving the nesting and collecting the
eggs and young in the different sea-
sons and dates from 1891 to 1912 and
show the variation which in these
years amounted to twenty-six days, in
9 years from one location:

Set of 3 March 9th, 1891.

set of 2 March 9th, 1893.

Set of 2 March 16th, 1894.

Set of 2 March 9th, 1895.

Set of 2 April 5th, 1896, in vacated
nest of Hawk in nearby high pine.

Set of 2 March 18th, 1901.

Set of 2. March 16th, 1904:

Set of 2 March 20th, 1911.

Set of 2 March 20, £912.

Seven of these sets were taken from
the same nest which was located in
a large cavity produced by the break-
ing down of a very large limb on an
old elm tree, large enough so that I
could stand erect in it, and one set
in a nearby pine tree in a vacated
Hawk nest after the elm tree was cut
down.

Later I found a nest of the Great
Horned Owl which contained three
very large young, and took them home.
One of them I presented to Brother
Crucius in Casisius College and _ it
was a great favorite with the brothers.
It was kept in the college and had free
access to their dining room. When
they called for “Hans” it came to them

THE OOLOGIST 71

‘
i
i
i
j

Nesting Stub of Northern Pileated Woodpecker, Huntington Co., Pa.
—Photo by S. S. Dickey.

72 THE OOLOGIST

and liberally fed. One day it flew out
of the open window and led by her
instinct went to a nearby chicken coop
for some young chickens. The owner
observed it and struck it a vicious
blow with a heavy stick and broke the
wing bones, which finished it. The
other two are mounted, which makes a
handsome group with a large Horned
Owl.

I have other sets in different locali-
ties. Edward Reinecke.
Buitalo; Ney.

a aid
Accipiter Velox.

It is not often that a person gets
the opportunity of observing a Sharp-
shinned Hawk around Pittsburgh as
these birds are exceedingly scarce in
this vicinity. The last occasion I had
of seeing one was not a very joyful
one, yet it was intensely interesting.

On the seventh of February while
waiting for a shy Cardinal, which wa;3
rendered more shy by the proximity of
the camera, to come to my feed-box I
was suddenly surprised to see both
Cardinal and several Song Sparrows
go scudding to the shelter of some
nearby brush. A moment later Acci-
piter Velox shot past, about five or six
feet above the ground, alighting in a
tree some fifty feet behind me. A
few minutes later he disappeared.

I settled down again to wait for any
more birds that might come within
range of the camera. Five minutes or
more passed without any sound except
the distant notes of a few Chickadees,
when behind me I heard a couple of
weak chips and a brief scuffle. Turn-
ing around I was greeted by the sight
of the triumphant Hawk bearing its
small feathered victim across the ra-
vine to the opposite hillside where it
doubtless meant to enjoy its repast.
What the unfortunate bird was I could
not make out, but I think it was a
Slate-colored Junco.

Albert D. McGrew.

Birds of a Kansas Farm-Yard.

While spending some time at home
during June, 1915, was impressed with
the large number of birds seen. On
making a survey of the house-yard,
orchard, cottonwood grove near barn
yard and hedge fence through field,
found twenty-four nests of the Mourn-
ing Dove, some were on top of Grackie
nests and one on top of a Brown
Thrasher’s; nineteen nests of the
Bronzed Grackle were found, some had
eggs, some young, but mostly empty.
The air was full of Grackles, especial-
ly with their “grackle.”

Orchard Orioles were next in exi-
dence. They had six nests, three with
eggs and young; three pair of Brown
Thrashers in orchard and yard, two
held young. A catbird had a nest in
a plum patch and a Bell’s Vireo had
four well incubated eggs in another
plum thicket, June 18th another pair
was in the Cottonwood grove. A pair
of Red-eye Vireos had one young in
a Box alder near the house and an-
other pair in a cottonwood near the
barn yard. <A _ pair of Red-headed
Woodpeckers had eggs in the same
hole in which they, or some other pair
had nested last year. I cut into the
nest hole the year before from the
upper side of limb and saw the eggs
and tied the bark with some twine, the
young came out in due time.

A pair of Kingbirds nested in the
top of “am ‘apple tree; a> pair of
Grackles farther down and below it a
Mourning Dove; all held eggs at the
same time. A _ yellow-billed Cuckoo
had two young in a peach tree and
two other pair were in the hedge row.
A Mocking bird’s nest held three eggs
in a peach tree in the back part of
the orchard. A pair each of Downey
and Hairy Woodpeckers were in the
Cottonwood grove, also a pair of
Chickadees and Great Crested Fly-
catchers. Quite a number of Grass-

73

THE OOLOGIST

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74 THE OOLOGIST

hopper Sparrows were seen about the
farm, also some Dickcissels.

I found the neighboring farm yards
to have a like number of birds. One
farm, however, having usual trees but
no buildings had but one Brown
Thrasher’s nest and one Dickcissel’s.

This country, Saline County, was at
one time a great prairie, except along
rivers and water courses, the birds
coming as the country was settled up.

Albert J. Kirn.

——_—_—__—_—_—_—_—_—§_o—<>——$_____\_

The American Vulture.

Aor TR earemne rer vs

Have you not noticed a marked de-
crease in the number of Black and
Turkey Vultures in the last year or
so. Not only have I noticed the de-
crease of one of our most common
birds but also have had it brought to
my attention by other naturalists o:
this section of the state as well as the
scuthern portions. This does not
mean that they are almost all gone
but that they have begun to diminish
in number greatly. I first noticed
this a couple years ago and it has in-
creased until now it is very noticeable.

Even though declared disease car-
riers by scientists, why should we sit
calmly and see this bird of prey be-
come extinct so that our children will
look back on it as we look on the Cal-
ifornia Vulture and several other spe-
cies that I could name with ease and
that are now almost extinct but were
once plentiful. Everything is for some
good purpose. Why not the Vulture?

Let us hear how your notes have
run for the last couple years so that
we may determine whether this de-
crease is universal or if it is only
local. My last trip was only for a day
but in a whole day in the country i
only recorded having seen five Turkey
Vultures. .

Leverette Fitzpatrick.
Waco, Texas.

A Bird Roof Garden.

Since January I have been finding
large numbers of Horned and Prairie
Horned Larks, Snowflakes, Sparrows,
Crows, Pheasants and Juncos and
have secured in the meantime about
one hundred fifty fine negatives of
these birds in all sorts of places.

One unique photo shows a Lapland
Longspur feeding on weed seeds in
company with female Redwing Black-
bird and a Snowflake. Other photos
show Larks, Snowflakes and Spar-
rows eagerly feeding on weed seed
(clear weed seed obtained from grain
elevators and I fed eight bushel of
it).

Also obtained many photographs il-
lustrating spiteful attitudes, playful
antics and other natural expressions
of a bird’s happy. disposition.

Besides these ground feeding spots
I have a very choice assortment of
old shrubs, evergreen, a log, an appie
tree, branch with rotten apples attach-
ed, all placed on the roof of my front
porch and as I write this I look from
by den window and within six feet
of me are now feeding a noisy lot of
Tree Sparrows who brust forth into
a clear sweet whistling melody at fre-
quent intervals. Several spic and span
slate colored Juncos are also there,
trilling incessantly. One of these
Juncos has been so unfortunate as to
nearly lose all the dark feathers of
his tail, so that his tail is nearly all
snow white on top, and so I call him
silver-tail. He has visited this roof-
garden now for over two weeks.

Another bird who I am able to know
every time is what I call the Black
Chickadee. This Chickadee’s sides
and flanks are wholly black leaving
but a narrow breast or belly streak of
normal color. This bird’s sides are
as dark and pure colored as the dark-
est Junco.

THE OOLOGIST

White oak snag near Waynesburg, Pa., showing excavation of
Pileated Woodpecker (the hole near the top).
—Photo by S. S. Dickey.

76 THE OOLOGIST

If you will look in Birdlore for Jan-
uary-February, 1916, you will see a
colored Mexican Chickadee. This
Chickadee is all black on the sides
(like the throat) where the Mexican is
so much lighter colored. But this must
be a Black-capped Chickadee; it does
not seem at all possible that the Mex-
ican could be way up here.

This roof garden of mine is located
near a lot of pine, maple, and red cedar
trees, so it is quite woody and spe-
cially attractive to many species of
birds.

Although my wife says “our” front
porch and ‘‘my” roof garden is a dis-
grace to the place, yet nevertheless,
just the same, I shall maintain this
roof garden all the year and offer a
menu that will meet the varied tastes
of every bird from the lowly old Eng-
lish Sparrow to Warblers and King-
lets, with everything served on the
European plan with no prices at-
tached.

So far as I have obtained five nega-
tives of Hairy Woodpecker, Downy
Woodpecker, White-breasted Nut-
hatch, Chickadees, Junco, Tree Spar-
rows, Song Sparrows, many in groups
all leading a gay life on my bird roof
garden. CC. E..stone.
Branchport, N. Y.
ee ee ee

Fainted Bunting.
A. O. U. 601, Cyanospiza ciris.

The Painted Bunting is the most
beautiful bird nesting in this county.
They are five and one-half inches long.
The male has a red breast, blue head,
green back and red rump. Female
has bright green back, and greenish
yellow breast. Unlike most birds
where the male is brightly colored and
the female is duller these birds are
both as pretty as a painting from
which I suppose they got their name.
They arrive here in April. I have of-
ten seen them on phone wires singing

as good as any canary I ever saw in
a cage. They spend considerable time
in and around town before looking for
a nesting site. In May they are found
visiting thickets and hedges, after de-
ciding where to place the nest it is
built of grass, paper and rootlets at a
low distance from the ground. I find
that they have no good way to stick
the nest securely to the branches, and
are often blown from the tree or bush
by strong winds, destroying many eggs
in this manner, although the nest is
well made and stays together. Usual-
ly four eggs are laid, measuring .78 x
.58, having a white background, thick-
ly specked and blotched with brown.
R. Graham, Taxidermist.
Ft. Worth, Texas.
oe
Welcome The Thrushes.

That Thrushes—the group of birds
in which are included Robins and Blue- _
birds—do a great deal of good and
very little harm to agriculture, is the
conclusion reached by investigators of
the United States Department of Agri-
culture who have carefully studied the
food habits of these birds. Altogether
there are within the limits of the
United States eleven species. of
Thrushes, five of which are commonly
known as Robins and Bluebirds. The
other six include the Townsend soli-
taire, the Wood, the Veery, the Gray-
cheek, the Olive-back, and the hermit
thrushes.

The Robins and Bluebirds nest close
to houses, and even the shyest of the
other species are content with the se-
clusion of an acre or two of woodland
or swamp. For this reason the
Thrushes are among the best known
and most carefully protected of native
American birds, and at times their
numbers become so great that it is
feared they will do much harm to
crops and fruit. The recent investiga-
tions of the Department of Agricul-

THE OOLOGIST

Nearer view of cavity made by Northern Pileated Woodpecker in 1914
Near Waynesburg, Pa.

—Photo by S. S. Dickey,

77

78 THE OOLOGIST

ture, however, show that there is very
little ground for this fear. On the
other hand, they destroy such a vast
number of insects each year, that it is
probable that without them many
crops would suffer serious damage.

Of all the Thrushes, the Robin is
probably the best known. It has been
frequently accused of destroying fruits
and berries, but it has now been ascer-
tained that this only occurs in regions
that are so thickly settled that there
is no wild fruit upon which the Robin
may subsist. In some years the bird
is a great pest in the olive orchards
of California, but it is probable that
they are driven to the orchards be-
cause of the scarcity of native berries
at these times. Where wild fruit is
available, the birds seem to prefer
this to the cultivated varieties.

Like the Robin, the Bluebird is very
domestic, but unlike the Robin, it does
not prey upon any cultivated product
or work any injury whatever to the
fruit grower. During the fruit sea-
son, in fact, five-sixths of its food con-
sists of insects. It seems, therefore,
that the common practice of encourag-
ing the Bluebird to nest near houses
by placing convenient boxes in which
it may build its home is thoroughly
justified.

A detailed description of the habits
of the Robins and Bluebirds is con-
tained in Bulletin No 171 of the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Bulletin No. 280, which has just been
published, takes up the habits of the
six other species of the thrush group,
which are not quite so well known.
These birds also feed principally on in-
sects and fruit, but a great portion of
the fruit which sthey consume is wild
berries. Domestic fruits are eaten so
sparingly by these species that the
damage done is quite negligible.

The bird known as the Townsend
solitaire is noted chiefly for its

song which is said to be at times the
finest of any of the Thrush family.
This Thrush, however, confines itself
almost entirely to the mountains and
gorges of the West. The Wood
Thrush, on the other hand, is dis-
tributed over the eastern part of the
United States, and is a frequenter of
open groves and bushy pastures. This
Thrush also is noted for its sweet
song, especially in the early evening.
It does not nest in gardens or orch-
ards, however, and is seldom seen
about farm buildings, so that many
people who are familiar with its song
would not know the bird by sight. The
Wood Thrush consumes a number of
very harmful insects such as the Colo-
rado potato beetle and white grubs.
The fruit which it eats, it usually picks
up from the ground instead of taking
fresh from the tree. There is there-
fore no reason why the Wood Thrush
should not be rigidly protected.

The food of the other varieties al-
so seems to consist of little that it in-
jures anyone to have the birds eat,
while on the other hand they destroy
multitudes of harmful insects each

year.
U. S.Biological Dept.
a
Wood Ducks.
I was greatly surprised to see a

pair of Wood Ducks today while walk-
ing around in the woods of Jamacia.
This is the first pair of these beauti-
ful ducks I have ever seen in their
wild state. But I have seen enough
that had been raised in captivity and
otherwise tame, besides mounted ones
to be sure of identification.

They were found in a sort of flooded
woods and I unconsciously saved them
from being shot by a hunter. Although
hunting is not allowed in this place
because of its being within the city
limits, I noticed four fellows were out
with guns shooting at crows. I saw

THE OOLOGIST 79

one of them coming in my direction
but took no further notice of him until
he suddenly fired a shot and looking
up saw these two ducks directly over
me. As they passed I could see the
male bird very plainly with the female
on the side. The green head with its
white markings on the first bird, and
its nice round body with its short
wings, quickly beating the air, could
all be distinctly seen in that second
before they had disappeared behind
the trees.

It happened that I had chased the
birds up before he could get within
range for a good shot and had to fire
quickly as they took to flight. When
I told him they were ducks he couldn’t
believe it. He had never seen ducks
“sit on trees.”

Milton J. Hofmann.
SS eee eee
Books Received.

THE WINTER BIRD LIFE OF
MINNESOTA by Thos. S. Roberts,
(Geological and Natural History Sur-
vey of Minnesota, Occasional Papers
INO; 1%)

The above is a very desirable local
list of the winter birds of Minnesota,
comprising 86 species, divided into
four separate lists, as permanent resi-
dents, winter visitant, half hardy and
accidental; illustrated by many half
tones and a splendid colored plate of
the Evening Grosbeak, male and fe-
male.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
PUBLICATIONS OF ZOOLOGY, Vol.
XII, No. 13 (Report upon Minerals and
Birds found in portions of Trinity, Sis-
kiyou and Shasta Counties, California,
by Louise Kellogg), and No. 14 (An
Analysis of the Vertabrate Fauna of
the Trinity Region of Northern Cali-
fornia, by Julius Grinnell).

Both of these papers are thorough
and scientific and a goodly number of
high class half tones accompany the

publication. They are a valuable addi-
tion to the literature pertaining to the
subjects covered.
fos! AEE lod a
Cocoanut Grove.
Dade County, Fla.

Birds are plentiful here this season
and my notes for recent trips give a
number of individual of following spe-
cies:

Kingfisher, Phoebe, Red-bellied
Woodpecker, Flicker, Blue Jay, Florida
Jay, Bob-o-link, Meadow lark, Boat-
tailed Grackle, Pine Woods Sparrow,
Towhee, Cardinal, Painted Bunting,
Tree Swallow, Loggerhead Shrike,
Pine Warbler, Mockingbird, Catbird,
Florida Wren, Blue Gray, Gnatcatch-
er, Robin, Bluebird, Buzzard, Osprey,
Killdeer, Ground Dove, Sparrow Hawk
and Red-Shouldered Hawk.

Hope to go on a trip among the keys
in a few weeks and if I have any notes
worth while will write them up and
send to you. Miller T. Mercer.

as OE eae Th ee
Ignorance.

The following comes from Trout
ville, Virginia, and is illustrative of
the great lack of ornithological knowl-
edge on the part of the general public,
and we are not real sure but that the
bird mentioned here is not an imma-
ture Bald Eagle as the Golden Eagle
is very seldom found in that territory:

Nov. 27, 1915.

Two weeks ago, Harry Caldwell, son
of our tenant, captured a Golden
Eagle. He is a poor boy, and has been
too ill to work all summer. He tried
all of the physicians around here with-
out improving his health. Finally a
Roanoke (Va.) doctor told him to go
to Johns Hopkins at Baltimore, for
treatment, but he had no money.

Mr. Shaver had an article put in
the Roanoke paper telling about the
eagle, and said that Harry hoped to
make something from the bird to help
pay his hospital bill. The next day an
answer came suggesting that Harry
put the bird on exhibit in Roanoke and
charge ten cents admission, He did

80 THE OOLOGIST

so, and in two weeks made $300 above
expenses and besides a man offered
him $500 for it. Someone told him
that the last one that was captured
came from Scotland, and sold for
$1500, so he is holding it a while long-
er. Harry has gone to Baltimore.

The eagle is thirty-five inches long,
and measures six feet ten inches from
tip to tip of its wings. It was first
seen in Mr. Caldwell’s garden on Sun-
day evening. The next morning Harry
took his gun and went to look for it.
He shot at it three times, but fortun-
ately only stunned it, and with the as-

sistance of two men, bound it and
carried it home.
+e «
My First Set of Red-Shouldered
Hawk’s Eggs.

It is with cherished memory that I
recall the taking of my first set of Red
Shouldered Hawk’s eggs. It was when
I was a young lad and spent every
moment of my spare time roaming
about the fields, being interested in
nature in general. Although I often
wandered quite a distance from home,
in the open fields, I did not venture
far into the woods. However, one
bright day in the latter part of April
I took upon myself the responsibility
of going into the woods, without the
guidance of my older brother, whom I
had accompanied on a few trips for
the purpose of setting traps and etc.
After wandering some little distance
in the woods, taking care to mark my
way sufficiently to guide me on my
return, I by chance sighted a bulky
nest about twenty-five feet up in a
large chestnut tree. Upon approach-
ing it I was greeted with a sharp “kee-
yook’ as a huge Hawk glided rapidly
away. AsI recall it the bird appeared
to me as large as an Osprey would
now, rather a magnified imagination
apparent I think, in most youths. You
can imagine how my heart fluttered
and the great desire I had of secur-
ing the eggs which would be as golden
treasures in my collection. I made
several unsuccessful attempts to climb

the tree but timidity coupled with my
inability to climb well prevented me
from reaching the nest and had
it not been for my oldest
brother, I would not have procured
climb in all the woods, and loaded him
that it was the most difficult tree to
climb all the woods, and loaded him
down with straps and ropes, we made
our way back and were soon beneath
the tree. To my great surprise he
very easily climbed the mighty tree
and by means of a pail attached to a
string lowered the three eggs. They
were very much incubated and the
markings were few and faded, but they
were cherished by me, and it is with
fond reminiscence that I recall the in-
cident.

Since that time I have examined
dozens of nests of this specie of Hawk,
many nests having only two eggs, a
few four but the majority contained
three. The markings range from
heavily blotched to very light and
very rarely a set will be almost or
wholly unmarked. Freak eggs are
sometimes found but only one such
set have I had the good fortune to
find. It contained four eggs, one be-
ing about one-half normal size. Most
all kinds of trees were used to nest
in, perhaps more often chestnuts. I!
have found a nest as low as twelve
feet and one as high as seventy-two
but the average height was about
thirty feet. The nests were made of
sticks, lined with dry leaves, shreds
of cedar bark or green cedar and hem-
lock boughs and usually placed in a
crotch. I have observed that the birds
frequently adorn their nests outside
and in with fluffy downy feathers
plucked from their own bodies; a pe-
culiar custom which for no perceiv-
able reason, I believe is practiced by
nearly all variety of Hawks. The birds
are not very sociable in the nesting
season and I find that seldom more

THE OOLOGIST 81

than a single pair nest in one piece
of woods, unless an extensive piece of
woodland and then probably at least
a mile apart. They return to the same
nesting grounds each spring and un-
less disturbed, the same nest is gen-
erally used. A few sticks and the
usual lining completes the necessary
additions.
Ralph R. Wilson.

J eee

ElevatedTowhee Nest.

On August 5th, 1915, I found a nest
of the Towhee containing four fresh
eggs. The nest was five and one-half
inches high and was situated about
twenty inches above the ground in a
buckberry bush. This was evidently a
second set. The eggs measured .69 x
mie .09 60, .69 x .83, .69x.88. This
was the first nest of this species which
I have found containing eggs, although
I have found old nests and they were
on the ground placed in little hollows.

Ralph R. Wilson.
__ 2 Se ee ee
Nesting Dates of Texas Birds.
By R. Graham, Taxidermist.
Ft. Worth, Texas.

These are some of the nests that G.
E. Maxon any myself examined in
1915:

March 6th—1-3, American Crow in
elm 10 feet up, found 6 fresh eggs.

March 15th—1-5 American Crow in
elm 15 feet up.

March 17th—1-4, 2-4, 1-5, 2-5, 1-6
American Crow, all in elm trees from
10 to 20 feet up.

March 18th—Hawk nest and 2 young
horned owls.

March 19th—1-2 Krider’s Hawk, 1-
Horned Owl, 1-2 Black Vulture; 1-
Barred Owl.

March 21st—1-6 American Crow 12
feet up; 1-4 American Crow 20 feet
up.

April 7th—Found rock resembling a
hen egg.

3
2

April 9th—1-4 Blue Bird in hole 8
feet up, dead tree; 1-2 Turkey Vulture
in rock cave.

April 12th—1-5 Tufted Titmouse in
small hole 5 ft. up in elm; 1—4 Phoebe
in crevice near spring on sand bank
6G ite Up:

April 138th—1-4 Cardinal in vines 4
feet up.

April 14th—1-2 Mourning Dove, 8
feet up; 1-2 Mourning Dove on top of
a broken off tree top 10 ft. up; 1-4
Cardinal in bush 3 feet up.

April 16th—1-6 American Crow in
elm 12 feet up; 1-5 American Crow in
elm 10 feet up.

April 19th—1-4 Cardinal in thorn
tree 4 feet up; 1 White-eyed Vireo at
edge of thick woods 3 feet up on over-
hanging limb.

April 20th—1-4 Mocking bird in
hedge 4 feet up; 1-4 screech Owl in
dead tree 2 feet hollow, 10 feet up.

April 21st—1-4 Killdeer near rail-
road in gravel; 1-4 Screech Owl in
dead elm 9 feet up; 1-4 Mocking bird
in bush 4 feet up.

April 24th—1-4 Lark Sparrow in
nedge 3 feet up.

April 27th—1-4 Meadowlark on
prairie near small ditch;1—-3 Screech
Owl in dead hollow tree 10 feet up;
1-3, 2-3, 1-4 Cardinal in thicket 3 to
6 feet up; 1-1 White-eyed Vireo and
2 Cowbirds, Vireo smashed, in low
tree near edge of woods 3 feet up; 1-4
Roadrunner in fallen tree 3 ft. up;
1-5 & 1-4 American Crow 10 and 12
feet up in elm.

April 30th—1-3 Screech Owl in dead
tree 10 feet up; 1-4 Mocking bird in
bush 2% feet up.

May 4th—Found Killdeer’s nest; it
was sunk in the ground; lined with
small gravel; near creek.

82 THE OOLOGIST

May 5th—1-4 Tufted Titmouse in
post 4 feet up; 1-4 Painted Bunting in
thorn tree 3 feet up; 1-3 Lark Spar-
row on ground; 1—4 Grasshopper Spar-

row on Prairie; 1-4 Mocking bird in
bush 4 feet up; 38 Krider’s Hawk in
elm 15 feet up; 1-4 Cassin’s Sparrow
unusually late in this locality; nest
on rocky hill side on ground. They
lay early here.

May 138th—1-4 Grasshopper Spar-
row on Prairie; 1-5 Dickcissel in
hedge; 1-4 Mocking bird in hedge;
1-4 Bell’s Vireo in hedge; 1-1 Road-
runner in low tree 5 feet up.

May 16th—1-4 Lark Sparrow on
ground; 1-4 Scissor Tail Flycatcher;
1—4, 1-5 Dickcissel in weeds.

May 17th—1-4, 2-4, Dickcissel; 1-3
Lark Sparrow; 1-2 Mourning Dove;
1-4 Bell’s Vireo; 1-3 Bell’s Vireo &
Cowbird; 1-3 Bell’s Vireo in a hedge;
1-4 Red-winged Black Bird in tall

grass near creek. Saw 3 Bobolinks,
rare.

May 238d—1-4, 2-4, 1-5, 2-5, Dick-
cissel in weeds; 1-4 Bell’s Vireo in
hedge; 1—5 Orchard Oriole in Mosquite
tree; 1-3 Lark Sparrow on ground;
1-5, 1-4 Scissor Tailed Flycatcher in
Mosquite tree.

June 7th—1-4, 2-4 Bell’s Vireo in
hedge; 1-4, 2-4 Lark Sparrow on
ground; 1—5 Grasshopper Sparrow on
ground; 1—4 Painted Bunting in hedge;
1-4, 2-4, 3-4, 4-4, 1-3 Dickcissel in
hedge; plentiful this year.

June 27th—Nest and one young of
Black Chinned Hummer on small limb
in tree near River. Only data I have
for these Hummers in this County;
rare location also.

a ead
A Set of Bronzed Grackle.

I have a set of 511b 1-3 in my col-
lection which was taken May 8, 1914.
Is not this a small number for a full
set? I waited three days after the

third egg was laid and the bird began
to set on the day I took them. I have
never before or since seen a set with
three. The most common number is
five here but I have also seen set of
four, six and seven, the latter being
extremely rare. The three eggs in the
set measure 1.06x.79; 1.07x.81; 1.05
x .81 inches.
Ralph R. Wilson.
st tae te ha gies 8 Fe
Nest of the Least Bittern.

Both Chapman and Reed state that
this bird builds its nest in the rushes
in a pond, swamp or marshal or in a
low bush. In this section of the coun-
try I have never found the nest in such
a location, although I have hunted for
nests in sloughs and ponds. Every
nest which I have seen was in a tree,
all the way from five to fifteen feet
from the ground. The location was
ivariably by the water, and the nest
was but a slight platform of twigs.
The nests were either in dense crab
apple tree or trees overrun with wild
grape vines. I would like to hear
from some one who has seen nesis in
such positions as the above authors
cite. Ralph R. Wilson.

Oe

Wanted, Information.

In the March OOLOGIST, pages 81-2
is an article entitled “Egg Prepara-
tion.”’ This article was forwarded to
us by one of our valued contributors,
but in some way the name got de-
tached from the article.

With the article also came a letter
and two sets of most beautifully pre-
pared eggs; one set of White-bellied
Nuthatch and one of the Meadowlark,
being prepared as well as any eggs we
have ever seen anywhere. The letter
and data acocmpanying these eggs as
well as the name of the writer has
been lost, and we would appreciate it
if the writer would communicate with
the Editor.

THE OOLOGIST

BOOKS—Continued

WANTED.—Bulletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologic Club, Vol. I,odd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
books by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. All bird magazines. W.
ERICKSON, 208 West 40th St.. Savannah,
ra.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1, skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY kK. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

TO EXCHANGE.—I have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals [mostly Ornithologicall
to offer for Ornithological Dep weatlons pid
skins, i or cash. FRANK L. BURN
Berwyn. hee

EXCHANGE.—A small collection of Indian
relics; a few books on natural history, birds,
biological survey publications and maga-
zines for eggs in sets only. RALPH W.
JACKSON, Cambridge, Maryland, R. 1.

WANTED.—For cash “The Oologist” (this
magazine) Volume 3 No.4 and Volume 4 N°.
1 to complete my personal file. CH ARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y.

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchangein othernumbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

FOR SALE BIRD LORE.—Lot A, Vols. I
to XII inclusive without volume indexes; Lot
B, Vol. II No, 1 to Vol. XII No, 2. inclusive
without volume indexes and Vol. II No. 2
missing. Will not break lots. State best cash
offer. THOMAS L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St., McKeesport, Pa.

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ “California
Water Birds, No. IV,” for which I will pay
any reasonable price. W. E. CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WANTED,—In good condition: Nidiolo-
gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.

V No. 3 and index; Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index;
Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. ITI No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. IX
No.6 and index. How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exehange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

FOR EXCHANGE.—American Naturalist
1868, 1889, 1884, 1887, six volumes half leather.
Wanted Smithsonian Annual Reports for
1900, 1901, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1996. JOHN THOM P-
SON, Clinton, N. Y.

FOR SALE.—Auk, Vol. 16 to 32 inclusive.
Also several volumes of Condor, and Osprey.
No reasonable offer refused. E. J. WHEEL-
ER, 177 Pequot Ave., New London, Conn.

EXCHANGE-—Birds and all nature, March
April, May, June and November 1899 for best
offer. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton, N. Y.

III

MISCELLANEOUS,

Cuts of North American Birds wanted.
Half tones preferred. Send proofs of those
you have and state lowest cash price. ER-
NESTS. NORMAN, Kalevala, Manitoba.

WANTED.—A collecting gun; also5x 7 long
bellows camera and 8 x 10 lens; also 34 x 44
long focus, plate, hand camera with Dagor
lens. A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

FOR SALE.—One 4x 5 long focus reversible
back Premo; one 5x 7 Crown Anastigmat
4.5 lens in Ilex Acme shutter; one 4 x 5plate
tank, and other photographic accessories.
A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

Coati-Mundi (Nasua narica). These ani-
mals are related to our Northern Racoons,
but inhabit the tropic and sub-tropic regions.
[ have a specimen nicely mounted on a
polished stand. Can probably furnish a
photo. For full description. price, etc. ad-
dress MILTON J. HOFMANN, 1818 Bleecker
St., Brooklyn, N. Y,

FOR SALE AND EXCHANGE.—Live
Snakes, Lizards, Baby Turtles. also general
line of Florida insects. NAT. P. FRY.
Eureka, Marion County, Florida. (1-p)

FOR SALE.—5 x7 photographs of the nests
and eggs of 26 species of birds of this locality.
Mr. I. E. Hess says they are as good as he has

seen. Send 40c in stamps forone. E. PERRY,
610 Baylor St., Austin, Texas.

WANTED.—A good Stereopticon Lantern
for which I will give good exchange in setsof
bird magazines, books and mounted birds.
Anyone having such please communicate
with ARTHUR W. BROCKWAY, Hadlyme,

onn.

FOR SALE.—Cocoons of the Promethea,
Cocropia, Polyphemus Io, Luna and Cynthia
Moths, in lots as desired. Prices upon ap-
application. Will also exchange for species
of the far west. Have lot of Devonian fossils
in Oriskany sandstone also to offer in ex-
change for others. LOUIS S. KOHLER,
Bloomfield, N. J.

Harrington & Richardson 44 Caliber Taxi-
dermist shot gun. AIso one in. 16 gauge.
Snapping Turtle 1-33, 1-41, on 46. Want A.I.
sets with data. JAMES. JOHNSON, 310
North Main, Southington, Cae.

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber collecting gun, suitable for
shot cartridges. R. P. SHARPLES, West
Chester, Pa.

FOR SALE— Revolving Back Cycle Graphic
Camera and complete outfit for developing
and finishing, almost new and in perfect con-
dition. Lens and shutter equipment consists
of Bausch and Lomb Zies Tessor No. 16
series, I C, F 4. and No. 2 Telephoto in
Optimo shutter with speed up to 1-300 of a
second. Banschand Lomb Zies Protor series
VII Nos. 3,4 and 5in No.3 Compound shutter
and Bansch and Lomb Zies Protor series IV
No. 4and series V No. 2in No.1 Volute shut-
ter. W ill sell the entire outfit or split it up
for just 4 catalogue price. If you want some-
thing of the best in this line write for ar-,
ticulars and sample photo. ELTON PERRY
106 Baylor St., Austin, Texas.

THE OOLOGIST IV

IN PRESS

Extensive Catalogue

Books on

North American Birds

JOHN H. SHERMAN, UJr.,
403 Seneca St.

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y.

I want one set each of the following, viz:

1A, MGs, ATS, M92,

THE CONDOR

A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Published Bi-monthly by the
Cooper Ornithological Club of California

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘“‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study” can easily un-
derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated
by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 30c.

Address

W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,
Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

A. O. U. No. 7, 35;'43; 71, 92,4085

196, 258a, 261, 264, 286, 289a, 31014, 347, 247a, 351, 373b,

0154, 377, 384, 474b, 474e, 486, 511b 1-6, I. TS, 612, 627a, 736a, 758a, 759b.

I want two sets each of the following, viz:

A. O. U. No. 5, 26, 38, 131, 145,

160, 169a, 171a, 172a, 180, 222, 310b, 310c, 318, 339b 2-2, 466a, 536, 542b, 552, 581d,

59da, 164, 615, 744, 768.

For these I will allow twice Lattin’s 1905 exchange rates, and I have a very

unusual exchange list to select from.

R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

THE QOLOGIST.

BIRDS--NESTS--EGGS
TAXIDERMY

VoL. XXXIII. No.5.

ALBION, N: Y.4 “MAy 15, 1916;

WHOLE NO. 846

BRIEF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 cents

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent.

serted for less than 25 cents.

No notice in-

TAKE NOTICE.

SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
pepe ipeion expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 345 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 329 your
orn expired with December issue
1914. Other expirations can be computed by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

Entered as second-class matter De-
cember 21, 1903, at the post office at
Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress
of March 8, 1879.

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologist,”
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

eggs, or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of such specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR

BIRDS

WANTED—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, II].

Would like to exchange Pheasant Eggs
suitable for hatching, for Prairie Chicken or
Ruff Grouse eggs, fresh and handles so they
will hatch. Would like to correspond with

parties that can furnish these eggs. W. E.
8U REACH, Decatur, Il.

I havea lot of fine duck skins with heads
folded over the back which I will exchange
for skins of common small land birds. A.C.
BENT, Taunton, Mass.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese, Eagles, Ducks,
Prairie Chicken, Mountain ‘Quail, Bob and
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox,
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar,
and other fish. Fresh skins,in meat or alive,
wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals,
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on
cash. DEAN’S NAT. SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Alliance, O,

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus (Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G.:-JEWETT, 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

We are anxious at all times to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list of your
list of material and of your wants. We can
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, Passenger Pigeon, Scarlet Ibis.
Blue-headed Quail Dove, White and Gray
Gyrfalcons, Black- capped Vireo. Golden
cheeked Warbler and soon. Writeus today.
WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Rochester, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE. — Collection of North
American birds. Collectlon contains 1340
specimens representing 440 species and sub
species. 114 birds are mounted and the rest
in skin form. PHILLIP LAURENT, 31 East
Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia. Pa.

FOR EXCHANGE — Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 8ll
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

WANTED.—A Mounted Albino Squirrel.
Offer in exchange mounted specimens, skins
or cash. O.S. BIGGS. San Jose, Ill.

WANTED. — Nests of North American

3irds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will
appreciate list of what you have to exchange
or sell. LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808
Webster St., Waco, Texas.

Ih THE OOLOGIST

HGGS.

In sending in your exchange notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerals in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

WANTED-—Sets of 6, 77, 224, 261, 273, 420, 388,
619 and many others for all kinds of Sea
Birds’ eggs. W. RAIN, 50 Waverly Road,
Toronto, Canada.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are of small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, III.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this locality during the coming
season in exchange for desirable postage
GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples all kinds printing. Arts
& Crafts Exchange. J. J. WIRZ, 1422-1424
Gwinnett St.. Augusta, Ga.

FOR EXCHANGE.-—-Eggs of Coots, Florida
Galinules, Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns. Killdeers,ete. DELOS
HATCH, Oakfield. Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
pees write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

a.

FOR EXCHANGE,— pair of Eastern
Model climbers and a few sets each of 289,
412, 498, 506, 511, 593. 601, 622 and 631 for birds
eggs. R.C. MARTIN, Jr. Albemarle, La.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Complete sets of Nova
Scotia birds’ eggs for hammerless shot guns
or rifles, in good condition. Parker gun pre-
ferred. Write for my list and tell me what
you have. R. W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova

FOR EXCHANGE.— Full sets of 1. 3. 11, 16,
30, 32, 37, 49, 53, 65, 71, 77.80 108, 117, 120c, 121,
122, 126, 141, 149, 155, 188, iy) 1 197. 201, 203, 208,
212, 214, 219, 225, 226, 22. “0. 243, 261, 263, 264,
269, 275, 280, 293, 294. 0 329, 331, 333. 335, 337,
337b, 339, 339b, 341. 343 48. 355, 359, 360, 360a, 362,
and 364. OTTOMAR REINECKE, 400 Elm
St,. Buffalo, N. Y.

WANTED.—To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140, 153, 192, 277, 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317. 318, 344, 352a and many others.
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
ee ais KF. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,

riz

FOR EXCHANGE.—As I wish to increase
my collection to 900 A. O. U. species will offer
for new species in A 1 sets only, choice sets
from my private series including Loons,
Albatross, Anseres, Limicolas, Rapteres, in-
cluding Kites, Eagles, Gryfalcons, Falcons,
Owls, Goatsuckers, Warblers Kinglets. Also
a few others if you prefer. All answered.
A. E. PRICE, Grant Park, Ill.

EGGS

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor Ste
Austin, Texas.

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey to exchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378. S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in .
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—273 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b 2-3
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 75la
2-4 and many others with small holes, for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. C. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

Natural History Cabinet for sale or ex-
change. Suitable for bird skins, eggs, botany,
minerals or shells. Want back numbers of
magazines. ALBERT LANO, Fayetteville,
Arkansas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Europeanand Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs _ of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—6 1-4, 30 1-1, 123b 1-2,
185 1-2, 197 1-3, 194 1-4, 219 1-6, 305 1-4, 325 1-1,
389 1-2, 352 1-1. 390 1-6. 423 1-4 1-5, 444 1-4, 477 1-4
1-5, 481 1-3, 1-5, 511 3-5. 542a 1-5, 563 2-4. 581¢ 1-3,
588b 1-4, 593c 1-3 and many others. E. A.
WHEELER. East Randolph. N. Y.

FOR EXC HANGE.- CHEAP and in good
condition, Stone and Crams American Ani-
mals, Blanchan’ s Game Birds, Birds of Con-
necticut, Flora of Colorado, Coue’s Birds of
the Northwest, Michigan Birds Life. Chap-
man’s Handbook of Birds, Davies Nest and
Kggs and a number of other best books on
birds. Drop a postal to Kmerson Stoner,
432 38th St,, Oakland, California.

BOOKS.

WANTED.—Back numbers of The Oologist:
Vol. II No. 2; Vol. 3 No, 4; Vol. IV No. 3; Vol.
XXXINo.1. R.M. BARNES, Lacon, Il.

WANTED.— Several copies of No. 7 of
Volume XXIV (July 1912) of the Oologist,
for which we will pay 25c each. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, III.

WANTED.—No. 7 of Volume 29 of The
Oologist. For this we will give one year’s
subscription or pay 25c in cash, M.
BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

FOR SALE.—Bird Lore. No. 1 Vol. 4 to
No. 6 Vol. 17. Clean, complete and all
indexes. $21.00 cash. ALFRED L. MAR-
SHALL, Weeping Water, Nebr.

THE OOLOGIST.

Vou. XXXIII. No. 5. ALBION, N. Y., May 16, 1916. WHOLE No. 846

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Ill.

THE DOMESTIC CAT

This is too good to be lost in the wilds of the waste basket and should,
by all means, be preserved to posterity by publication in these columns.
Strange as it may seem however, THE OOLOGIST will not suspend publica-
tion because of the cancellation of this subscription, but will continue to give
its readers bright, live bird news and leave the cats to the mollycoddles and the
old maids.

DISCONTINUE SENDING ME “THE OOLOGIST.”

I am somewhat amazed at the intemperate tenor of your outburst in the
April OOLOGIST against the domestic cat. Hitherto, I have not observed that
the most extreme ranters have gone so far as to counsel the unrestrained killing
of cats. I doubt not that there are many of your subscribers, particularly of
the younger, thoughtless, and inexperienced class, who regard as legal and eth-
ical any advice or suggestion contained in THE OOLOGIST. Many of these
undoubtedly will be encouraged, after reading your editorial, to commit the
most flagrant violations of the rights of their neighbors who own pet cats, and
who forfeit the right to own them only when the cats depredate upon other
people. For aught that appears in your editorial, the readers of your magazine
are advised to enter the premises of an owner of a cat, and finding the cat
quietly asleep on its owner’s front porch, to kill it. Your editorial encourages
breaches of the peace, and aside from its pernicious effect, is highly improper
and iil advised.

1 have no idea that your interest in birds is any greater than my own.
Nor do I believe that your efforts have been any greater for their protection
and preservation. I claim the right to own a cat, and exemption from forfeiture
of that right until the cat depredates upon my neighbor. There are a great
many people who do not share your and my interest in birds, but who are inter-
ested in cats. These people have some rights. They, of course, have no
right to allow their cats to invade the premises of other people and catch the
birds there. The owner of the premises has a right to have the birds if he
wants them, and the owner of the cat has no right to object if the owner of the
premises takes necessary measures to enforce his right to have the birds. I
want the birds and I want the cats. I expect the cats to be restrained within
proper limits. I have had both all my life.

Yours truly,
Washigton, D. C., April 15, 1916. R. H. Williams.

84 THE OOLOGIST

Eggs of Birds and Reptiles.

By R. W. Shufeldt, Washington, D. C.

As every one now knows who has
paid any attention to the subject, mod-
ern reptiles and modern birds have
arisen—or descended, as you choose—
from a common stock tnat was in ex-
istence far, far back in geologic time.
The truth of this is as wel! established
as anything biology has to offer, and
far better established than some other
accounts we read, referring to the ori-
gin of living forms on this planet and
their relationships.

In the structure of many existing
species of birds, we meet with vesti-
geal evidences pointing to their rep-
tilian ancestry, and these were, in
some extinct species, far more pro-
nounced, as is well shown in the fossil
remains we have found of them. For
instance, some of the great, extinct
divers of the Cretaceous Beds of Kan-
Sas possess teeth, these being struc-
tures which no bird now living ex-
hibits the barest vestige of along the
opposed margins of its jaws.

Most intelligent observers and gen-
eral readers, however, are, in these
days, more or less familiar with all
such matters, even the scholars of the
high-schools having found them in
their text-books. So, then, I wiil not
touch upon them in the present arti-
cle, but reserve my space for the pre-
sentation of other points, by means of
which we may still further contrast
reptiles and birds.

For example, it is to be noted
that a very large proportion of the
species of birds now representing the
existing world’s avifauna build very
elaborate nests in which to lay their
eggs and rear their young. Some birds,
however, build no nests at all, but lay
their eggs on the bare ground, rock,
or elsewhere, and their young are
hatched out in such places. Others
lay their eggs in burrows which they

excavate for themselves, as the wood-
peckers do in the trunks or trees, or
as kingfishers, and martins, and many
other species do, by digging subter-
ranean tunnels for themselves. Again,
some birds are parasitic by nature and
deposit their eggs in the nests of
other species, abandoning their young
to the tender mercies of the foster
parents, as do cuckoos, cowbirds and
others. Then there are the mound
birds or megapodes of Australia, Sa-
moa and elsewhere, which bury their
eggs in immense mounds of earth and
vegetable matter erected by them-
selves, and there leave them to hatch
out. Their young fly almost at once,
having very promptly assumed the
plumage of the adults; indeed, we may
say the indentification and deposition
of the eggs on the part of birds not
only varies greatly in different groups,
but is extremely interesting. In this
connection it may be said that no
species of bird now in existence is
viviparous—that is, brings forth its
young alive; nor are any ovo-vivipar-
ous, or where the eggs are retained in
the oviduct until complete develop-
ment of the embryo takes place.

Many birds lay pure white eggs,
while in the case of others a few
specks may be distributed over the
surface, or else confined chiefly to the
butt or larger end. From these im-
maculate ones and the sparsely speck-
led varieties, the eggs of birds pre-
sent an almost endless series in the
matter of form, coloring and mark-
ings. The beauty of some is extraor-
dinary and almost transends our pow-
ers of description.

None of the Reptiles—snakes, liz-
ards or turtles—in so far as I am
aware, build any structure which may
be dignified by the name of “nest.”
Most Chelonians, or turtles, bury the
eggs beneath the surface of the
ground, and marine turtles beneath

Plate 1-3, Killdeer (Oxyechus vociferous) ; Fig. 4, Mountain Plover (Poda-
socys montanus); Fig. 5. Wilson’s Plover

Snowy Plover (Egialitis nivosa):
cus; Fig. 8-9, BI ack-necked Stilt (H

(Ochthodromus wilsonius); Fig. 6,

Fig. 7, Golden Plover (Chardardrius domini-
imantopus mexicanue).

86 THE OOLOGIST

the sand, where they hatch out in due
course of time. The entire Order is
oviparous.

‘‘All lizards,” says Dr. Gunther, “are
oviparous, the eggs being of an oval
shape and covered with a hard or
leathery calcareous shell. The num-
ber of eggs laid is, in comparison with
other reptiles, small, perhaps never
exceeding forty, and some, like the
anolis and geckos, deposit only one
or two at a time, but probably the act
of oviposition is repeated in these
lizards at frequent intervals. The par-
ents do not take care of their progeny,
and leave the eggs to hatch where
they were deposited. In a few lizards,
however, the eggs are retained in the
oviduct until the embryo is fully de-
veloped; these species, then, bring
forth living young, and are called ovo-
viviparous.”

What I desire especially to invite
attention to here is, that the eggs of
all lizards and chelonians are white,
the form of the first-mentioned being
ellipsoidal, and of the last named
more or less globular. Some serpents,
as the pythons, incubate their eggs by
surrounding them with coils of their
bodies. They also defend them with
marked fierceness against those who
attempt to take them. No turtle or
lizard ever does this, in so far as my
knowledge carries me.

Eggs of the Crocodilia, or the crocc-
diles and alligators, with their near
allies, lay elliptical eggs, with hard,
glossy shells, as in some birds. They
are buried in the earth by the female
and left to hatch out by the heat of
the sun. In color, these eggs are of
a creamy white, some of them quite
white, thus being, in this respect,
much more like the eggs of ordinary
birds than are those of any of the
other reptilian orders.

In Figs. 1-9 of this article, I give
some of the eggs of common bird, all

of which are good examples of the
ovate form of them in this group, as
well as of the most unusual markings
of the “blotched” and “speckled” kind,
as we find them in such genera. No
reptiles of any species lay eggs which
at all resemble these, either in form
or otherwise.

Some birds, however, do lay eggs of
an ellipsoidal form, or like those of
a great many reptiles, but the color
is present. This is the case with the
beautiful eggs of the QGuira (QGuira
guira) of Australia. A pair of these
are given in Fig. 10, they being a re-
production of my photograph of them,
and they belong to the superb collec-
tion of birds’ eggs of Mr. Edward J.
Court, of Washington, D. C., who most
kindly loaned them to me for the
above purpose. They are of a rich,
pale, topaz blue, overlaid with a raised
network of a lace-like deposit of limy
substance. The eggs shown in Figs.
1-9 are also from Mr. Court’s and were
photographed by me along with many
others, which I propose to publish in
various connections.

In going over birds’ eggs, however, I
do meet with some which have the
exact form of eggs laid by certain rep-
tiles, as for example the globular eggs
of certain owls, which bear a close re-
semblance to the eggs of marine tur-
tles. Moreover, they are both white,
the chief difference being that the
shell of the turtle is leathery and flex-
ible, while that of the egg of the owl
is brittle and more or less chalky, as
in the case of the eggs of other birds.

Mr. Court at one time had the egg
of a Barred Owl (Strix varia) in his
collection, which lacked but very little
of being a perfect sphere. This egg
I published a figure of in The Emu a
while ago, which is the official organ
of the Royal Australiasian Ornitholo-
gists’ Union of Melbourne, Australia.
It was of natural size and a very beau-
tiful object.

87

THD OOLOGIST

"eljeuysny jo eulny 3} 4O

"OZIS |eUN}JEN
unoj yO yoynjo Be yo SHhHa OmL—}]| 93eIld ‘OL “Bis

88 THE OOLOGIST

It is most interesting that in form
and color the eggs of humming-birds
(Trochili) very closely resemble those
of certain small reptiles, and examples
of these are given in Figure 11 of the
present article. The reptile eggs have
been kept in alcohol, and show up
dark in consequence. They also ex-
hibit some pitting due to handling,
which is unavoidable. When first
laid, however, they look, in some
cases, almost exactly like the eggs of
humming-birds,which is a very inter-
esting fact, when we take into consid-
eration the relationship of the two
groups. 7

Figure 11 is also reproduced from a
photograph of mine, the eggs of the
hummers belonging to Mr. Court;
while I am greatly indebted to Dr.
Leonard Stejneger, and his assistant,
Mr. Paine, for having selected for me
the reptile eggs and for the loan of
them from the collection of the Divi-
sion of Reptiles of the U. S. National
Museum. The figures of them show
well the relative size of the eggs of
the species figured, as well as their
forms, as contrasted with the eggs of
the humming-bird; all are of natural
size.

+—<

Six Cardinal Eggs.

On April 27, 1915, while walking
through the woods, on an old vine 1
saw what looksd like an old nest. On
going up and looking in, two eggs
were found so I decided to come back
later. About a week later, as I ap-
proached the nest a female Cardinal
fiew hurriedly away. The nest which
was three feet six inches up in an old
grape vine, held six freak Cardinal
eggs. Four of these eggs, the last four
laid, are natural Cardinal eggs, one
of the others has lighter markings and
the other is about the size of an In-
digo Bunting’s egg. This egg is gray
blue about three-fourths of the way

and a Long-billed Marsh Wren, brown
the other part, including the larger
end. In Reed’s North American bird
eggs, it gives the number of eggs,
“three or four and sometimes five
eggs.” Are six so rare?
Alvin Baer.

Six is an unusually large set.—Hdi-

Lor,

tt ak Be aie
Nesting of the Grasshopper Sparrow.

The hot days of early Summer bring
to mind pleasant memories in the pur-
suit of eggs of my favorite sparrow-—
the Grasshopper Sparrow. Mr. Harold
H. Bailey in his admirable work,
“Birds of Virginia,” ‘says: “In. thas
section the nest is one of the hardest
of all ground-nest-building birds to
find.’ The above seems to fit this
locality also, as I never collect over
one or two sets in a season. While in-
cubating the female is very hard to
flush and hardly ever takes flight upon
leaving nest but rather runs ahead
on the ground for several feet before
taking flight. The nest in question
is always aptly concealed and it is
quite a task sometimes to ever locate
the nest after flushing the incubating
bird. It is a compact affair usually
arched over with exit on northerly

side; composed of grass and small
rootlets and lined with very fine
grass.

During latter part of July T9iiget
stumbled across my first nest of this
species. I was crossing a hay field
and as I stepped over a small bunch
of hay left at haying time, out flew a
Yellow-winged Sparrow between my
legs. Upon lifting the hay, a deep-
cupped nest revealed three slightly
incubated eggs. This was quite ilke-
ly a second set which probably ac.
counts for the small size of the set.

My second set was collected on June
18, 1912. While mowing a field of
clover hay a Grasshopper Sparrow

THE OOLOGIST

Fig 11—Plate IIl—a, Ruby-throated Humming-bird (Archilochus colubris) ;
b, Black-chinned Humimng-bird (A. alexandri); c, Costa’s Humming-bird
(Calypte costae); d, Broad-tailed Humming-bird (Selashporus platycercus),
e, Allen’s Humimng-bird (S. alleni); f, Calliope Humimng-bird (Stelluia cal-
liope); g, Liolepisma laterale; h, Burrowing snake (Carpophiops amoenus) ,
i, and j, Six-lined lizard (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus); k, Common Swift or

Alligator lizard (Sceloporus undulatus); 1, Common American Chamaeleon
(Anolis carolinensis).

89

90 THE OOLOGIST

flew out of the standing hay directly
in front of the mower blade. I stop-
ped the horses and was soon down on
my hands and knees looking for the
nest. A slight search brought to light
a beautiful set of four at the base of
a bunch of plantine and not more
than six inches from the mower blade.
Nest arched over and composed of
dead grass.

Later on the 5th of August I found
a set of three Grasshopper Sparrow
placed under a small parcel of hay
left at haying time.’ Nest typical. In-
cubation about three or four days.

In 1913 my first nest came to hand
on the 17th of July, when I had an
oceasion to carry a neighbor’s wagon
home and in crossing a recently cut
hay field, I noticed several tufts of
hay left at haying time. As I drove
past one of these, I observed a Grass-
hopper Sparrow sneaking off in a
mouse-like fashion—doing her best to
get away unobserved. I knew by her
actions that there must be “something
doing’ and likewise investigated. A
slight search revealed a beautiful set
of four eggs, placed in a slight de-
pression, arched over with exit on
side. Made very compactly of dead
grass and lined with new paverly
grass. This field was cut on the 7th
inst. and the hay hauled the next day.
On the 17th inst. I collected a set of
four with incubation slight.
quick work!

A nest found on the 28rd of June,
1914, by means of a rope drag, contain-
ed five eggs, so heavily incubated
that I was unable to save same.

Another nest found on the 7th of
July, 1914, was placed on the ground
in clover field containing four slight-
ly incubated eggs. Nest typical and
arched over.

June 29, 1915, is the date upon which
I found my first set of five fresh eggs
and placed in a plant of standing tim-

Rather

othy. Nest typical. The manner of
placing this nest reminded me very
much of the way Field Sparrows place
their nest in clumps of weeds. This
nest was not arched over and did not
touch the ground by an inch—the only
case I have ever come across.

On the same day I found a second
set of three fresh eggs, and which I
knew was an incomplete set, but as
this was rush season we could not
leave the hay for the completion of
the clutch. The next day I was rak-
ing and to my utter astonishment,
about 100 yards from the original nest
I found laying on the top of the hay an
egg which was the exact counterpart
of the three collected the day previ-
ous. I could swear to the identity of
this egg belonging to the set as there
were only three pairs of this species
in the field; one had young, another
I took a set of five from and this egg
naturally belonged to the other pair.
Thus ends my collection of this very
interesting species.

Ralph W. Jackson.
Cambridge, Maryland.
+—<@>e
“They Didn’t Scrap.”

On May 18th, 1915, while out on a
field trip, I noticed a tall dead tree di-
rectly ahead of me. It was about
forty feet high and upon closer exam-
ination, proved to contain many like-
ly looking holes. Upon rapping, out
flew a female Red Shafted Flicker
from a hole about 18 feet up. Upon
ascending and about two feet below
lady flicker’s residence, what should
I stick my nose into, but a California
Sereech Owl’s nest. The old lady was
at home but sound asleep. Even after
tickling her in the ribs she wouldn’t
wake up so I imagined she must have
been out on a spree the night before.
Upon picking her up, I discovered
four little balls of cotton that had
not taken a glimpse of this “cruel,

THE OOLOGIST 91

cruel world” as yet. I then put the
mother back and went up to Mrs.
Flicker’s hole. About 18 inches down
I found five partly incubated eggs ly-
ing on the sawdust. Highreen inches
down; that left about six inches or
less between the bottom of the Flick-
er’s hole and the top of the owl’s nest.
Well I have read a number of accounts
where Flickers and Owls have tried to
live together and have also witnessed
several of these processes, but this is
the first account that I have either
heard of or seen where they have suc-
ceeded.
Dudley De Groot.

San Francisco, Cal.
© ~Be—

Nesting of the Whippoorwill at New
Haven, Conn.

The article on habits of the Whip-
poorwill in a recent number of THE
OOLOGIST has induced me to add my
experience on the breeding of this
bird, which while not extensive, may
perhaps be of interest.

The birds arrive in this vicinity
usually about the first of May (May
2d, 1888, being my earliest record)
and their presence among us is soon
made known by the unmistakable song
of the male. In fact my record of ar-
rivals is oftener made from this evi-
dence than by actual sight of the bird
itself. They share the habit common
to most birds of being most musical
just previous to the nesting season
and sing most often in the vicinity
of the nest, or in other words, after
marriage they remain at home nights,
a trait of character by the way that
might well be emulated by certain
members of the genus homo. I can
vividly remember the first set of their
eggs that fell in my way, found en-
tirely by accident, too far incubated
to be saved whole but still a set of
whippoorwill; a bird of which at that
time I knew very little. This was

fully forty years ago but I doubt
whether the sets taken since have
ever furnished greater pleasure. It
was, of course, upon the ground in a
slight depression among fallen leaves
entirely surrounded by mountain lau-
rel (or Kalmia) bushes. My next set
was taken several years later (June 2d
1878) on an island in the Connecti-
cut River, well wooded and again by
accident—two eggs fresh.

The following year early in June
I was informed by a boy that he had
found a “Quail’s nest in the woods,
containing two large white eggs spot-
ted with red,” this being considerably
out of the line of Quail’s eggs and
suspecting that they were whippoor-
wills, I induced him to conduct me
there and was disappointed to find
instead of two beautiful eggs a pair
of open mouths and four eyes set off
by pot bellied bodies covered with
a dirty yellowish brown.

In 1880 I took a beautiful set of two
eggs near the site of my first set,
somewhat incubated but exceptionally
handsome and withal peculiar, each
egg having a very large blotch of lav-
ender in addition to other smaller
markings. Again in 1882 I was so for-
tunate, as to find a set of two fresh
eggs near my former home in a piece
of woods where the birds can always
be found in spring. A change of base
and business obliged me to forego col-
lecting to a great extent for several
years and I did not see a nest of the
whippoorwill again until the season of
1888.

On June 16th while following a fe-
male chestnut sided Warbler that I
had detected skulking off with nesting
material in her bill I flushed a Whip-
poorwill by nearly stepping upon her
and looking down soon saw a pair
of the yellow downy young which by
the way are about as queer looking
objects as our fauna furnishes. This

92 THE OOLOGIST

was highly provoking as I had passed
within at least thirty feet of the spot
on May 30th when the eggs were with-
out doubt deposited. In this instance
I picked up the young and was great-
ly interested by the antics of the par-
ent who kept flying around me contin-
ually uttering the peculiar “chuck”
which can also be heard between the
notes while the bird is singing if the
listener be very near. She would
stretch out her wings upon the leaves
as if in great distress and tumble
about in plain sight but would not al-
low me to approach nearer than eight
or ten feet before fluttering off. Fi-
nally I walked away a short distance
and hid myself under a bush and
watched the young. The mother bird
soon appeared and the little ones ran
to her and were covered by her wings
much after the manner of the domes-
tic hen.

To sum up I have found twenty-
three nests in all, two with young, one
with incubation far advanced and
tweney sets of perfect eggs which are
at present in my collection. In every
instance the eggs have been placed
in slight depressions on leaves in dry
open mixed woodland always on a
considerable elevation above the sur-
rounding country and never near
logs or rocks as some writers assert.

In my opinion the birds though fair-
ly common are far from abundant.
Their song renders them conspicu-
ous and therefore they are considered
more common than they really are,
and does not the fact of two eggs only
being laid and these exposed to all
the added dangers to which ground
nesters are exposed suggest a possible
reason for their comparatively limited
numbers. It surely cannot be ascrib-
ed to the gunner or small boy as the
birds are not often shot and their eggs
are far from being a drug in the oolog-
ical market. H. W. Flint.

Nighthawk Nests.

When I was a small boy, well do 1
remember how on any summer night
we could hear the booming of the
nighthawks, ‘“spoo-oo-ook,” as. they
made a long swoop downward, then
returned again to the upward plane
of their flight. All through the long
warm evenings and often during
cloudy days they could be seen beating
the ipper air, in quest of insect food.
They gradually become scarce and
scarcer about here until there were
years about the 790s that I seldom ever
found one. At present, however, there
are quite a number again. I never suc-
ceeded in finding their nest about
here, but my father and brothers found
several. While in Central Rock coun-
ty, a few years ago, I could on any
night, when it was warm, all through
the nesting season, see dozens of them
beating back and forth over the Rock
River, during the late afternoon and
evening hours. The eggs are two in
number, layed on the bare earth,
usually in a cultivated field, creamy
white ground and heavily marbled with
grayish brown.

Geo. W. H. vos Burgh.

——<—Saa ee

Juncos in Weld County, Colorado.
The Juncos at Windsor, in Weld
County, Colorado, fifteen miles from
the foothills, are not resident. They
come in the fall, and if the winter is
favorable, some remain till they leave
for their summer home. The most
common, and the first to arrive in Oc-
tober, are pink-sided Juncos. They
are said to summer and nest in the
Rocky Mountain regions of Idaho and
Montana. Following them are the Shu-
feldt Juncos; these are said to nest
further north in the mountain regions
of British Columbia and Alberta, and
westward to Oregon. Somewhat less
common among them are the white-
winged Juncos. These are larger and

THE OOLOGIST 93

easily distnguished by the white wing
bars. I suppose the Montana Junco
is found among them but it is too
similar to the Pink-sided Junco to be
readily recognized. Sometimes, too,
the Slate-colored Junco is found here
but it is not at all common.

It is peculiar that the Gray-headed
Junco, which is the only permanent
resident of Colorado among all the
Juncos, is not found among these win-
ter visitors. They are common in the
mountains, some twenty miles to the
west, and nest abundantly, but I have
never seen any of them on the plains
about here, though I have looked for
them.

The Juncos are admirable little
birds, neat and trim in appearance,
and have a peculiar call note, easily
recognized when once it is known.
Their instinct of play is well develop-
ed, and they chase each other about
in the sheer joy of life and fun.

Geo. E. Osterhout.
a ee
They Never Lose Interest.

Olthough my egg collecting days
are over for lack of time, my inter-
est in everything pertaining to bird
life will never leave me and it will al-
ways be a pleasure to me to read in
the pages of your valuable magazine,
of the finds and near finds of other
bird students more fortunate than my-
self.

Emil Ulbert.
New Haven, Conn.
SS SS
Some Western Birds.
The Hummingbirds.

Highteen species of hummingbirds
are credited to the United States by
the A. O. U. Check-List. Only one
of these is found east of the Missis-
sippi River, the balance being dis-
tributed over that great stretch of
territory called “The Southwest.”
Southern California can boast of six

species, all but one of which nest with-
in her borders.

To give these six “winged jewels”
the attention that they deserve in one
short article would be impossible, a
brief description of each must suffice.
The females are often so much alike
in different species as to be easily
confused, and as the males are sel-
dom found in the vicinity of the nest
identification at times is extremely
difficult unless the bird is collected.

Black-chinned Hummingbird—First
to be considered is the Black-chinned
Hummingbird (Archilochus' alexan-
dri). This species closely resembles
the Ruby-throat (Archilochus colubris(
of the eastern states. The male is
about three and one-half inches in
length; the chin is velvety black,
scaled below with brilliant metallic
violet of an iridescent nature that
shows blue and green in the sunlight;
the upper parts are bronzy green; the
under parts grayish white. The fe-
male is slightly larger, and lacks the
black chin and colored gorget.

With us the Black-chin is a Summer
resident, appearing toward the middle
of April and remaining until late in
July. Its presence is variable, seem-
ingly depending upon the amount of
rainfall. Thus in dry seasons it is
found in much smaller numbers than
in the summers when the hill-sides are
covered with an abundance of verdure
after heavy rainfalls. This rule also
holds good for all our hummingbirds.

This species frequent the canyons
of the foot-hill regions, nesting in large
numbers along the sycamore-lined
water courses. The nests are built
usually in May or June, and are placed
in bushes or such trees as sycamores,
cottonwoods and willows, seldom out
of sight of water, and from four to
twenty feet from the ground. The
nest of this species can usually be dis-
tinguished from others by its spongy

94 THE OOLOGIST

appearance, being composed of light-
colored plant down and fibre without
any exterior decorations of moss, flow-
ers or lichens. The yellow fuzz from
the under side of the sycamore leaf is
a favorite material. The eggs are
pure white, two in number, elliptical,
and measure about .50 x .35 inches.

Costa Hummingbird—The Costa
Hummingbird (Calyte costae) is also
a summer resident in this locality, ar-
riving about the same time as the pre-
ceding species but remaining some six
weeks later. The male is about three
inches in length, bearing a long flar-
ing ruff of burnished iridescent vio-
let, the head and gorget are the same
brilliant hue; the upper parts and bel-
ly are bronzy green; the under parts
whitish. The female, averaging about
one-half inch larger, is bronzy green
above and whitish below without the
ruff of the male, the throat being re-
lieved by a few spots of metallic pur-
ple.

Costa is a desert-loving bird, inhab-
iting the brush- and _ cacti-covered
washes and mesas. Here he adds a
bit of bright color to the otherwise
drab surroundings. Some time be
tween late April and the middle of
June a little nest is built, about 1%
inches in diameter, and placed at a low
elevation in some sage-brush or cac-
tus. This nest is loosely constructed
for a hummingbird’s, being made of
soft down and fibres, the exterior cov-
ered with bits of lichen, bark and sage-
flowers fastened on with spider-web.
Sometimes a few feathers are added
by way of lining. The two white eggs
will measure about .48x.32 inches.

Anna Hummingbird.—We have but
one resident hummingbird in Los An-
geles County... This is the Anna Hum-
mingbird (Calypte anna), which is
found here in greater or less abund-
ance throughout the entire year. This
species is slightly larger than the Cos-

ta which it so closely resembles; the
ruff of the male and the throat spots
of the female are deep rose pink in-
stead of the violet of the latter.

Annas Hummingbird is distributed
generally over the entire country from
sea-level to as high as 9000 feet in the
mountains. He is perhaps the com-
monest and best-known of his family,
nesting about the door-yards and
parks of the city, and more numerous-
ly in the orchards, eucalypti, and live
oaks. Thislittle feathered mite is the
earliest breeding bird in California,
and also has one of the longest breed-
ing seasons. It begins to nest around
Christmas time and the season con-
tinues until late Augnst, thus cover-
ing a period of nearly eight months.
This is indeed a record for so small
a bird. Of course many of the earlier
nests are destroyed by heavy rains,
but some escape and I have often
found shivering young early in Janu-
ary.

The nests are placed in a variety of
locations such as vines about: build-
ings, in slender upright crotches of
young eucalyptus sprouts, or saddled
on a live oak limb; as well as on such
artificial sites as bucket-bails, tele-
phone cables, ropes, etc. The struc-
ture is well made of plant down and
feathers, usually covered on the exter-
ior with bits of moss and lichens. The
eggs are not to be distinguished from
those of the Black-chin.

Another unique feature about Anna
is the fact that he is the only hum-
mingbird possessing a song. Even as
I write this one is twittering merrily
from the rain-drenched branches of
an acacia near my door.

Rufous Hummingbird.—The big re@
Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus ru-
fus) is unfortunately absent from this
vicinity during its breeding season,
appearing here only as a transieny

1g the fall and spring migrations.

THE OOLOGIST 95

It nests far to the north, from the
mountains of Central California to the
bleak shores of Alaska. The male is
a handsome bird about three and one-
half inches in length; his gorget is of
fiery red and orange with greenish
gleams; the belly and a band across
the chest are white; the general color
of the rest of his plumage is bright
rufous brown, usually glossed with
bronzy green. The slightly larger
female is rufous brown and bronzy
above and on the sides, the under
parts whitish, sometimes with a few
specks of red or orange at the throat.

I was once presented with a nest of
this species that had been built near
the top of a giant redwood over one
hundred and fifty feet high. The tree
had been felled, but strangely enough
neither nest nor eggs had been injured
in the crashing descent. The nest was
a handsome structure, made of felted
shreds of redwood bark, lined with
soft down, and covered exteriorly with
bits of fine green moss. The eggs
measured .50x .31 inches.

Allen Humimngbird—To a certain
extent the absence of the Rufous
Hummingbird is compensated for by
the presence of his first cousin, the
Allen Humimngbird (Selasphorus al-
leni), which differs from rufous prin-
cipally in having more bronzy green
on the head and back. While only a
migrant over the mainland of Los An-
geles County it is an abundant resi-
dent on the adjacent islands where it
breeds in countless thousands. It is
a common thing to find forty or fifty
nests in the course of a morning’s
walk about’ the eucalyptus-lined
streets of Avalon, the little summer
resort on the north-east coast of Santa
Catalina Island, while along’ the
streams in the canyons of the same
island the birds are equally abundant.
The breeding season extends there
from the middle of March to May.

Around Avalon the nests are built
of cotton and down, decorated with
bits of eucalyptus blossoms, and are
placed usually on top of a bunch of eu-
calyptus seed-pods (at an average
height of twelve feet. Some of these
nests are built on top of those of form-
er years, so that it is not unusual to
find two- or even three-story struc-
tures. Along the canyons the nests
are much handsomer, surpassing those
of any of the humming birds with
which I am familiar. They are placed
usually over running water at no great
elevation, and are composed almost
exclusively of sheep’s wool, of whicli
there is an abundance on all the is-
lands. A lining of tiny feathers is
added, the ends of which sometimes
curl over inward so as to almost con-
ceal the eggs. The outside is decorat-
edwith bits of bright green moss, the
whole affair being neatly and com-
pactly put together, and beautiful be-
yond description. The eggs are the
same as those of the preceding.

Calliope Hummingbird—The _ Cal-
liope Hummingbird (Stellula calliope)
has the distinction of being the small-
est member of its family found within
our borders. The male is from two
and three-quarters to three inches in
length. The gorget and flaring ruif
are rose purplish, the exposed white
bases of the feathers giving a streaked
appearance; the upper parts are me-
tallic green, the under parts white,
and the sides brown. The female is
of course about one-half inch larger
and lacks the colored gorget and ruff
of her mate.

This species is a summer resident
in the righer mountains of Southern
California, seldom breeding below 5,-
000 feet. Due to the rugged nature
of the country that he inhabits, Cal-
liope is hard to observe. The little
midgets are soon lost to view among
the towering pines and firs along the

96 THE OOLOGIST

rocky ridges of the mountain peaks,
Still harder to locate are the tiny
nests, built of soft fibres, covered with
bits of bark and moss, and placed high
up on a dead limb or pine-cone, usual-
ly far out over some precipitous can-
yon where an accident would mean
instant death to the unfortunate col-
lector. The eggs average .45x.28
inches.

To see a hummingbird daintily pois-
ed on whirring pinions in mid-air with
its long beak inserted into the heart
of some flower, one would naturally
suppose that honey was its main food;
but it has been found that more often
the bird is in search of minute spiders
and insects that live on the flowers.
Some honey is eaten, however, and I
have seen hummingbirds feeding upon
the nectar from an over-ripe apricot or
peach, looking like a huge brightly
colored bumble bee.

Incubation lasts in all species from
twelve to fourteen days. The young
are born naked, and are fed the first
few days upon regurgitated food. They
develop amazingly, and leave the nest
in a couple of weeks to take their
place in the world.

D. I. Shepardson.
Los Angeles, Cal.
2*~—<@ e
Texas Bird Incidents.

Last Friday, March 3, 1916, I closed
the windows of the school house and
in so doing I caught part of the roller
shade between the sash and the up-
per part of the casing in one of the
windows. In this position the shade
formed a loop about six inches wide
with an opening at each end outside
of the window.

Monday morning I found a half com-
pleted English Sparrow’s nest there—
nearly a half pound of straws, feath-
ers and the like. I did not remove it
until some of the teachers saw it.

One day this winter (1915) my

mother heard a fluttering out near the
grape arbor; on investigating found
a Black Capped Chick-a-dee standing
on a limb with it’s wing tips frozen to
the under side of a limb above it. The
trees were all covered with ice and ap-
parently this bird became so interest-
ed in digging out a grub that it re-
mained too long in one place. In a
weakened condition it was brought
into the house, and after getting warm
and partaking of crumbs, expressed
a desire to regain it’s freedom; this
desire was carried out and this tiny
bit of flesh and feathers flew to the top
of an old Box-elder with a hearty lit-
tle ‘thank you” in the notes of “Chick-
adee.”’
Ralph Donahue.
Bonner Springs, Kansas.
DOS st ae
California Birds.

On June 9, 1914 I collected a set of
four of the Greenbacked Goldfinch
from an orange tree 5 feet up. All the
eggs are lightly marked over the en-
tire shell with fine reddish brown spots
with a slightly defined wreath around
the larger end.

June 7, 1914, I collected a set of four
of Anthony Green Heron; incubation
advanced; from a willow tree 25 feet
up, in the middle of a large tract of
willows.

June 1, 1913, collected 1-5 Califor-
nia Woodpecker from hole in Syca-
more 10 feet up. One egg is a runt
about half the usual size.

June 7, 1914, collected 1-4 Califor-
nit Woodpecker from hole in same
tree and one of these was a runt
about half the size of the others.

June 15, 1914, collected 1-5 from
the same hole and the eggs are dif-
ferent sizes from the usual size down
to about half size. A third set was
layed by these birds in the same hole,
about a week later but I neglected to
look at them and they were allowed

THE OOLOGIST 97

to hatch. All the eggs were fresh
when collected and the runts were
without yolks.

May 238, 1915, collected a set of five
slightly incubated eggs of the Dotted
Canyon Wren from a ledge of a small
cave in the face of a shale cliff. The
nest was well made of small sticks,
spider webs, feathers, hair and fine
grasses.

May 23, 1915, collected a set of four
half incubated eggs of the white-
throated Swift, from a crack in a shale
cliff thirty feet from the top and about
the same from the bottom. The nest
was situated about a foot back in the
crack and was cemented to both sides
of the crack, and was composed of
feathers and plant down and fine
grasses. The nest was fairly alive
with some kind of vermin, presumab-
ly bedbugs; but after exposing tv the
sunlight for a short time they all left.
It took half an hour by the watch to
dig in so I could reach the nest and
then the crevice was so narrow I could
just get my hand in edgeways and pick
up the eggs with the tips of my fing-
ers and from the nest they were trans-
ferred to my mouth and then I climb
ed up the rope hand over hand, with
slight assistance from the foothold in
the cliff. A number of the birds were
seen but this was the only accessable
nesting place.

June 11, 1915, collected two sets of
two eggs of the Xantus Murrelet and
a single egg, incubation advanced, of
the Black Oystercatcher from Cat
Rock Anacapa Island, Ventura Co.,
California. The Murrelets were col-
lected from natural crevices in the
rock and both nests were occupied by
one of the birds, sex not determined,
and they were removed by hand from
the nest. One set was advanced in
incubaticn and the other was just be-
gun. <A large colony of California
Brown Pelicans were noted on the

same date, nesting on the eastern end
of the island. There must have been
at least a thousand pairs of birds on
the island and the nests contained
young nearly full grown and from that
on down to nests still in course of con-
struction.
Sidney B. Peyton.

Lespee, Calif.

ti 2 SE Re eee

The June Oologist.

As is known to most of our sub-
scribers it has been the practice to
issue the June number of this maga-
zine, devoted to the family of Warb-
lers. Up to date, though we have
carefully conserved all our Wrabler
copy, we are sorry to say that there
is not one-half enough to get out a
creditable issue. Will you let it go
by default for want of copy as was
done last year?—HEditor.

aes 2 bd ee
Becoming Acquainted With the
Marsh Hawk.

The 26th of July, 1914, approaching
a little wooded swamp north of Hud-
son Falls, New York, seven Marsh
Hawks, which kept close together,
flew outand for a moment or two cir-
cled near me and then disappeared
over the hilltop. That day was put
down as a red-letter one for me.

The 25th of June, 1915, in the same
little wooded swamp was discovered
in the open swale of Carex riparia, by
the red-raspberry bushes; the Marsh
Hawk’s nest with four ‘“cottony” fat
young and one egg. By the nest lay
a dead Song Sparrow, which was
taken along a few steps down the
creek; but on my return I left the dead
bird, thinking there might be one
more song-bird to live. The Mother
flying from the nest first attracted my
attention to it: and later on my return
she flew off again; but the male bird
was scarcely in evidence. The nest
was hardly more than bare clay earth

98 THE OOLOGIST

with a few twigs and sedge leaves
gathered together; and the structure
had become much flattened out of
shape.

June 29th, there were five young
Hawks, all varying in size and age,
probably two or three days or more
between each. They would spit at
you and would snap at the flies which
tormented them. Neither parent
about when I approached the nest but
the mother seen put in appearance;
but soared high, which hawk-like
cries. She would not come near the
nest, even. after I hid amid the dog-
wood bushes. Very suddenly the
father came and he was very angry
indeed and continued to circle and
wheel and fly low and come directly
towards you; but before quite reach-
ing you, suddenly to rise and sail
over your head. Most of the time I
stood by a little elm; but finally went
out to the nest waving a green branch.
During the father’s passion, the young
birds, which had previously crawled
from the nest under the partial shade
of the sedges and bushes from the hot
sunshine, lay quiet and almost as if
dead, except the youngest occasion-
ally peeped. The larger of the young
were beginning to show the black of
starting wing feathers. Male Redwing
Blackbirds and the Kingbirds almost
rode through the air on the male
Hawk’s back. It was very evident
from the excited alarm that the Red-
wings had a nest somewhere among
the sedge tussocks; and the King-
birds a nest in the swamp. The mother
made no great ado and seemed ‘to
leave the protection of the young
mostly to her spouse. During the
fracas the Catbird in the swamp was
trying to imitate some bird song as
if nothing happening.

July 2d, the mother flew from the
nest, soared high and went off in
search of her mate, who finally came

over the meadowlands and when he
saw me, dropped his mouse in the
grass. Although the father circled a
good deal, I did not think he was
quite so angry as the last time. I
went and picked up the mouse and
offered it to the little Hawks but they
refused to look at it, even when the
mouse was torn a bit. Three of them
were fat and large and the black of
the wing feathers beginning to show
more conspicuously through the light
gray down. The youngest bird was
very puny and did not look as if it
had had its share of food. Their feet
were yellow with black sharp claws
and the bill black, with some yellow
on the upper mandible. The eyes
bright, black and beady, and at a
short distance the young Hawks look-
ed like little ‘old men” or almost sup-
erhuman like living skeletons. The
father followed me quite a distance
when I left and then went mousing.
The 4th of July, I again visited
the nest and got quite close before the
mother flew off. She circled about and
made more ado than usual and I almost
began to think something had happen-
ed to her mate, when suddenly he
appeared with a much louder cry than
usual. He was more angry at me than
ever before and circled nearer my
head as I stood by the little elm, so
close that one felt the breath of his
wings. The mother stayed by also
and tried to drive me away. First she
soared higher, and after resting on an
oak tree out of my sight; she began
circling almost as close as her mate.
She is a beautiful bird, so speckled
and is larger in every way than the
light-colored mate, and in flight shows
the conspicuous white spot on the
rump. The Redwings and Kingbirds
chased them again with loud cries,
and the Hawks resent the intrusion
and decidedly quicken their flight.
The smallest young Hawk had grown

THE OOLOGIST 99

some. The two larger ones were cross
and one could scarcely touch them,
and it made them mad to point your
finger at them and one had to be care-
ful for their yellow feet would fly.
one of the other larger ones seemed
quite docile. The wing feathers a
bit more grown and the tail feathers
coming. Except the smallest one,
none of the young birds were in the
nest. After staying about for a while
I left as the parents were becoming
weary.

On the 8th of July, 2.6 inches of rain
fell; or during the first eight days of
July, 6.5 inches. This rain raised
the water in the creek and flooded the
lowlands.

July 9th, the mother flew from the
nest where only two of the young
Hawks were left; the others drowned
and by what means these two escaped
I do not know. One suspicions the
parents were responsible somehow,
for the nest must have been under
water for a while. The two largest
and crossest of the five were left, and
today were very ftormidable little
birds, beginning to feather out on the
back as well as the wings and tail.
The next two larger ones lay dead by
the nest, but I did not find the
smallest one. The old birds were very
angry, probably thinking I was some-
how the cause of their misfortune.
Both parents made vain attempts to
drive me away, the male using strate-
gy, by often flying from around bushes
and small trees, which concealed his
coming, and often came within less
than a couple of feet of your head. The
old Hawks seemed rather fatigued,
and of course had been having a
strenuous time of it. The mother
alighted on a dead swamp ash tree
several times and is about one-third
larger than her mate; her feet are
very yellow and her eyes dark. The
father was obliged to rest on the

same tree and was not quite as wary
as his mate; his feet are darker but
his eye a striking bright yellow with
a dark pupil. When I finally left, the
male followed me quite a distance
scolding.

The 14th of July, again visited the
nest but as a thunder shower was
coming, remained but a few moments.
The mother flew from the nest on my
approach. The dead birds had been
removed. The two remaining Hawks
were rapidly becoming feathered out,
and were probably female birds.
Shaking a cloth in their faces, they
tumbled over backwards in their ang-
er, showing the small brown feathers
coming, beneath. The father, not far
away, came at the alarm call of his
mate, and began to scold, but I could
not stay.

On account of a shower suddenly
coming up, 17th July, the nest, was
not reached, but the 20th, when I did
visit the nest, the young were gone,
evidently becoming full-fledged enough
to fly away into the bushes. The
mother was about, but no longer had
occasion to go and call her mate.

Stewart H. Burnham.
Gas ee
Books Received.

CASSINIA, Vol. XIX, March, 1915.

Few publications come to the desk
of the Editor of THE OOLOGIST that
give us more real pleasure than Cas-
sinia, a record of the proceedings of
the Delaware Valley Ornithological
Club. This issue, for some reason,
appears to be about a year late, but
none the less is full of interest, con-
taining as it does, the following, viz.:

Titian Ramsey Peale, by Whitmer
Stone, being a splendid review of the
services of this great naturalist.

Nesting Birds of Pocono Lake, by
J. Fletcher Street, illustrated with two
splendid half tones illustrative of the
nest and eggs of the Alder Flycatcher.

100 THE OOLOGIST

Days with the Blue-gray Gnatcatch-
er and Prothonotary Warbler, by
George Stuart, the Third, which is a
well written article disclosing among
other things the amount of work
necessary at times and in localities to
become even slightly acquainted with
that splendid bird, the Golden Swamp
Warbler,—Prothonotary Warbler with
which our boyhood studies and inves-
tigations are closely associated, it be-
ing one of the commonest Illinois Val-
ley nesting birds.

Egg and Nestling Destructron, by
Julian K. Potter, which is a splendid
article discussing the success and non-
success of the nidification of the var-
ious birds, reducing the deductions to
a percentage basis. These figures are
truly interesting.

Mortality Among Birds at Philadel-
phia, by Deloss E. Culver, discussing
the destruction of birds, caused by fly-
ing against the City Hall tower, giving
a list of nineteen varieties, aggregat-
ing 424 birds; a truly appalling num-
ber.

Bird Notes, consisting of records of
unusual occurrences for the year 1915.

Report of Spring Migration of 1915,
compiled by Whitmer Stone, being a
very exhaustive review of this migra-
tion.

An Abstract of the Proceedings of
the Delaware Valley Ornithological
Club for 1915, by J. Pletcher Street,
Secretary.

Club Notes, being a review of the
Club’s activities for the year, and a
list of specimens donated to the Club
Museum for that year.

Concluding with a Bibliography for
1915 of papers relating to the birds of
Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Dela-
ware, not the least interesting of
which to the Editor is the fact that
this discloses that of all the published
articles therein listed, ten appeared in
The Auk, eleven in Bird Lore, twenty

in The Oologist, and four in the Wil-
son Bulletin, showing that THE OOLO-
GIST recorded almost twice as many
as all the other publications put to-
gether—a record which we owe to our
friends who kindly sent us the ab-
servations for publication, and _ to
whom we are under obligations for the
same. R. M. Barnes.
heso Se
Owls Within Owls.

On Thanksgiving day, 1915, a local
hunter brought me an adult female
Barred Owl for mounting. From all
external appearances, it was a usual
specimen; but I was greatly surprised
upon examining its stomach to find
it well filled with feathers. I washed
and dried these feathers and was still
more greatly surprised to find them
feathers of an adult Screech Owl, grey
phase! I have heard of Hawks eating
Owls, and I once had a Texan Barred
Owl caught by Ramon Graham—an
old Fort Worth friend of mine—which
was just cannibal enough to kill and
eat a Barn Owl which lived in the
same cage,—but I never knew before
that live wild Owls ever ate their
“cousins.”

George M. Sutton.
go Sot et
Data Blanks.

I would like to say a few words con-
cerning datas.

Both common and scientific names
should be used. The A. O. U. number
and the date in full, also the locality.
Incubation should state whether fresh,
just started or how far advanced; such
a statement as advanced is rather in-
definite. Identifications such as sure,
positive, no question and certain, are
very poor, and should not be used;
saw birds, flushed male or female, are
much preferable.

Under “Remarks” or ‘Nest,’ a full
statement concerning exact location,
construction and material used should

THE OOLOGIST 101

be given. If in a tree, state where in
tree; if on a horizontal limb near the
top or near the ground and how far
from trunk or if at the trunk. We
want to learn all that is possible
concerning the habits and nesting of
birds and under this heading is a good
place to state them, but don’t write on
back of data. Always write it as it
should be, your signature as to cor-
rectness of set.

And right here I want to say that
some collectors make out duplicate
dates and send them with sets and re-
tain the original datas themselves, this
practice should be stopped as it is un-
fair to the one that collected the set
and also to the one the set is sent to.

Keep eggs in boxes made square
with close fitting lids nearly filled
with cotton shaped like a nest. A hole
should be cut in the lid nearly the en-
tire size of same, allowing sufficient
space to fasten on the under side of
the lid; a piece of glass or transpar-
ent celluloid larger than the hole or
as large as the lid, allow a small space
on top of lid where the A. O. U. num-
ber, name, set mark and county, and
state procured, it may be written or
printed. These boxes, keep out dust
and insects and the fingers of those
who delight in picking up eggs while
looking over your collection and they
are less liable to be broken. Now ar-
range your eggs in cabinet so wheu
showing them to anyone you can start
with Grebes and keep right on through
to Bluebirds. Don’t show your eggs
in a haphazzard way, use system and
keep a journal.

Turner EK. McMullen.
eee
Hawks’ Eggs.

The collecting season is now ap-
proaching and we desire to advise our
friends engaging in collecting that in
our judgment there is no occasion to
gather more eggs of the Red-tailed or
Red-shouldered Hawk than the collec-

tor wants for his own personal collec:
tion as there is now in existence hun-
dreds of eggs of these two species;
more than demand calls for. They
are a drug on the market and to fur-
ther uselessly sacrifice the birds is a
mistake.
Ss Sa ee i
Silly.

The following clipping from t he
daily press shows the need of the
State of Pennsylvania for a new State
Game Commissioner. A man that has
no more knowledge of wild life than is
disclosed by the following clipping, ap-
pearng from the daily press dispatches,
should be promptly removed, and
someone who had more knowledge ap-
pointed in his place.

Everybody that knows anything,
knows that the Robins in the Spring,
of course are always plentiful in that
part of the country, and it is both use-
less and silly to endeavor to work up
a scare among the fruit growers cover
that fact. But the following shows
what a lamentable lack of natural his-
tory knowledge the State Game Com-
missioner of the State of Pennsyl-
vania is afflicted with.

Pittsburg, Pa., April 5—Speaking to
a council of scoutmasters of the Boy
Scout movement here last night, John
H. Phillips, state game commissioner,
sounded a warning from what he
termed an invasion of robins. Mr.
Phillips said the woods and fields of
this entire section were filled with
more robins than he had ever seen at
this season before and unless mul-
berry and other trees were planted to
give them food they would attack fruit
trees and become an expensive nuis-
ance.

Robins are protected by state law
and have rapidly increased, while the
trees upon whose fruit they formerly
fed, have gradually disappeared as the
forests were cut down.

102 THE OOLOGIST

A few sets of Shore Birds in collection of James 8. Carter, Waynesburg, Pa.

THE OOLOGIST II

BOOKS—Continued

WANTED. — Ornithologist and Oologist
Vol. 1-5, Osprey Vol. 1 No. 2 and 4. Address
write price. C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lin-
coln St,, Boston, Mass.

FOR SALE.—Bendire’s ‘Life Histories of
North American Birds” two volumes, newly
bound half morocco; perfect condition, price
$16.00. A. F. SMITHSON, Warrensburg, Mo.

WANTED.—Sport in Crimes and Caucasus,
Savage Svanetia, both by C. Phillips, Wooley.
Address with price. WM.J.HA KMEIER.
645 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, I!!.

Who has any odd numbers of the 1913-1914
OOLOGIST to exchange?
numbers of the OOLOGIST and CONDOR,
Dek. SHHPARDSON, 209 E. 37th St., Los
Angeles, Cal.

WANTED.—"“The Auk,” Vols. I and VI
(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagie Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

WANTED.—BuJletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologic Club, Vol. I,cdd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
books by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. A1]1l bird magazines. W.
Saas 208 West 40th St.. Savannah,

FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1, skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY K. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

TO EXCHANGE.—L[ have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals [mostly Ornithologicall
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, eggs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS,
Berwyn. Pa. (2-p]

EXCHANGE.—A small collection of Indian
relics; a few books on natural history, birds,
biological survey publications and_ maga-
zines for eggs in sets only. RALPH W.
JACKSON, Cambridge, Maryland, R. 1.

FOR EXCHANGE.—American Naturalist
1868, 1889, 1884, 1887, six volumes half leather.
Wanted Smithsonian Annual Reports for
1900, 1901, 1903, 1904. 1905, 1996. JOHN THOM P-
SON, Clinton, N. Y.

FOR SALE BIRD LORE.—Lot A, Vols. 1
to XII inclusive without volume indexes; Lot
B, Vol. II No, 1to Vol. XII No, 2. inclusive
without volume indexes and Vol. II No. 2
missing. Will not break lots. State best cash
offer. THOMAS L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St., McKeesport, Pa.

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ “California
Water Birds, No. IV,” for which I will pay
any reasonable price. W. E, CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

FOR SALE.—Auk, Vo). 16 to 32 inclusive.
Also several volumes of Condor, and Osprey.
No reasonable offer refused. E. J. WHEEL-
ER, 177 Pequot Ave., New London, Conn.

I have some odd’

{XCHANGE-—Birds and all nature, March,
April, May, June and November 1899 for best
offer. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton, N. Y.

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchangein other numbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

WANTED.—For cash “The Oologist”’ (this
magazine) Volume 3 No.4and Volume4N..
1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y

WANTED,.—In good condition: Nidiolo-
gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.
IV No.3 and index; Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index;
Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. I[I No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. IX
No. 6and index. How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exehange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

MISCELLANEOUS.

WANTED.—To buy an egg cabinet from
some one in the vicinity of Boston. ED-
WARD 8. COOMBS, Boston, Mass.

Cuts of North American Birds wanted.
Half tones preferred. Send proofs of those
you have and state lowest cash price. ER-
NEST S. NORMAN, Kalevala, Manitoba.

WANTED.—A collecting gun; also5 x 7 long
bellows camera and 8 x 10 lens; also 34 x 44
long focus, plate, hand camera with Dagor
lens. A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

HORS Adi — yne 4x 5 long focus reversible
back Premo; one 5 x 7 Crown Anastigmat
F'4.5 lens in Ilex Acme shutter; one 4 x 5plate
tank, and other photographic accessories.
A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

Coati-Mundi (Nasua narica). These ani-
mals are related to our Northern Racoons,
but inhabit the tropic and sub-tropic regions.
{ have a specimen nicely mounted on a
polished stand. Can probably furnish a
photo. For full description. price, etc. ad-
dress MILTON J. HOFMANN, 1818 Bleecker
St., Brooklyn, N. Y,

W ANTED.—Fresh skins. Avocet, Curlew,
Hisee, Sage Hens, Ringtail, Cat, Civit Prairie
Dog, Possum. Give Wood Duck, Snow, Great
Grey Hawk Owls, Foreign Skins, White Tail
Deer, Scalps and Horns. Want Cocoons of
Moths, Tarantulars, Centipedes. Mounted
Wild Passenger Pigeon for sale. A. TRAF-
FORD, Taxidermist, St. Eugene, Ont. Canada

FOR SALE.—5 x7 photographs of the nests
and eggs of 26 species of birds of this locality.
Mr. I. E. Hess says they areas good as he has
seen. Send 40c in stamps for one. E. PERRY,
610 Baylor St., Austin, Texas.

WANTED.—A good Stereopticon Lantern
for which I will give good exchange in sets of
bird magazines, books and mounted birds.
Anyone having such please communicate
ae ARTHUR W. BROCKWAY, Hadlyme,

Jonn.

Harrington & Richardson 44 Caliber Taxi-
dermist shot gun. Also one in. 16 gauge.
Snapping Turtle 1-33, 1-41, 1-46. Want A. I.
sets with data. JAMES. O. JOHNSON, 310
North Main, Southington, Conn,

IV THE OOLOGIST

STATEMEAT OF OWNERSHIP, MAN-

AGEMENT, ETC

Of the Oologist, published mont tne at Albion,
N. Y., required by the Act of August 24, 1912.

Editor, R. M. Barnes, Lacon, Ill.; Managing
Editor, R. M. Barnes, Lacon, Ill.; Business
Manager, R. M. Barnes, Lacon, I11.; Publisher,
R. M. Barnes. L acon, Ill. Known bond-
holders, mortgagees, and Other security
holders, holding 1 per cent or more of total
amount of bonds, mortgages, or other secur-

ities, None.
R. M. BARNES.
Sworn to and subscribed before me this Ist
day of April, A. D. 1916.
ERNA THIEDOHR,
Notary Public.

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber collecting gun. suitable for
shot cartridges. R. P. SHARPLES. West
Chester, Pa.

IN PRESS

Extensive Catalogue

Books on

North American Birds

JOHN H. SHERMAN, Jr.,
403 Seneca St.

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y.

I want one set each of the following, viz:
258a, 261, 264, 286, 289a, 31014, 347, 247a, 351, 373b,

Pa Pon. elise; 192, LOG:

BOYS

Send 2c in stamps of a copy of

‘New Jersey Boy”
A Newspaper for Boys

All the News for All the Boys

Published on the Ist and 15th of
month. 2c Per Copy. 50c Par Year

Address: & CENTRAL AVENUE
Jersey City, N. J.

THE CONDOR

A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Published Bi-monthly by the
Cooper Ornithological Club of California

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘“‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study”’ can easily un-
derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated
by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in
the United States and $1.76 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 30c.

Address
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,

Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

A. O. U. No. 7,,35, 43, 77, 92;.40ee

079%, 377, 384, 474b, 474e, 486, 511b 1-6, 1. TS, 612, 627a, 736a, 758a, 759b.

I want two sets each of the following, viz:
222, 310b, 310c, 318, 339b 2-2, 466a, 536, 542b, 552, 581d,

160, 169a, 171a, 172a, 180,
593a, 164, 615, 744, 768.

A. O. U. No. 5, 26, 38, 131, 145,

For these I will allow twice Lattin’s 1905 exchange rates, and I have a very

unusual exchange list to select from.

R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

THE OQOLOGIST..-.

BIRDS—NESTS—EGGS.._\
TAXIDERMY ms

Mon, sox NM ITIT, No. 6.

ALBION, N. Y., JUNE 15, 1916.

WHOLE No. 847

BRIEF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 26 cents

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent.

serted for less than 25 cents.

No notice in-

TAKE NOTICE.
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 347 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 329 your
subscription expired with December issue
1914. Other expirations can be computed by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

Entered as second-class matter De-
cember 21, 1908, at the post office at
Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress
of March 8, 1879.

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologist,"
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

eggs, Or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR.

BIRDS

WANTED—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, III.

Would like to exchange Pheasant Eggs
suitable for hatching, for Prairie Chicken or
Ruff Grouse eggs, fresh and bandles so they
will hatch. Would like to correspond with
parties that can furnish these eggs. W. E.
SURFACE, Decatur, III.

T havea lot of fine duck skins with heads
folded over the back which I will exchange
for skins of common small land birds. )
BENT, Taunton, Mass.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese, Eagles, Ducks,
Prairie Chicken, Mountain Quail, Bob and
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox,
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar,
and other fish. Fresh skins, in meat or alive,
wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals,
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on
cash. DEAN’S NAT. SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Alliance, O,

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus ‘Ring-necked Pheas-
aunt) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

she We

We are anxious at all times to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list of your
list of material and of your wants. We can
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, Saat 8 Pigeon, Scarlet Ibis.
Blue-headed Quall Dove, hite and Gray
Gyrfalcons, lack-capped Vireo. Golden
cheeked Warbler and soon. Write ustoday.
WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Rochester, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE —Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

WANTED. — Nests of North American
Birds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will
appreciate list of what you have to exchange
or sell. LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808
Webster St., Waco, Texas.

I notice The Oologist is improving
each year. And I may say, with each
number. I think all bird men ought
to appreciate your efforts. And the
improvements you have made.

Whitfield Harrison.

Il THE OOLOGIST

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange ‘notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerais in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
thei: together hit and miss, as some of
cur readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

Oologist Tools and Supplies. Books and
Magazines of every description, Fishing
Rods and Tackle, Lists, quotations prompt
ly sent. BENJAMIN HOAG, Garfield, N. Y.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of.
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M
BARNES, Lacon, Il.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this locality during the coming
season in exchange for desirable postage
Sualays: GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,
Jonn.

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples all kinds printing. Arts
& Crafts Exchange. J. J. WIRZ, 1422-1424
Gwinnett St.. Augusta, Ga.

FOR EXCHANGE.—-Eggs of Coots, Florida
Galinules. Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns, Killdeers, ete. DELOS
HA1CH, Oakfield, Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, an dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
prices write Wak tS Gwynedd Valley,

FOR ss He
339, 360, 373. 44;
703, 704, ey

Se ests and sets OE 316,
498 505, 513, 552. 593. 604 633,
HON GRAHAM, “Taxider-

#0 St.,. Fort Worth, Tex. (1)

mist,” 401 he

FORE mae ALANGE. —Coniplete sets of Nova
Scotia bir bee for hammerless shot guns
or rifles, in nO0d condition. Parker gun pre-

ferred. AW rite for my list and tell me what
on heave: Rea WS TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova
S COLA eek é

FOR pees Sa el sets of 1,3. 11, 16,
30, 32, 37, 49, 53, 65, 77,+80, 108,.117, 120c, 121,
122, 126, 141, 155, 188 fai. 197, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214.
219, 225. 296-227 228" 230° 243. 261. 263, 264. 269. 275.
280, 293. 294. 329.331, 333. 335. 337, 337b. 339, 339b.
341, 343, 348.°355,- 359-360, 3604, 362,364, 365, 366,
367, 373, 375. 375d. 378, 385, 387, 388,390. 406, 409.
414. 413, 416. 420. 423. 431. 444,.452, 456. 461. 466a.
467, 474b, 475. 477: 4774, 488-494. 498, 501, 506, 513.
529, 540, 566, 584, 595, 598. 608, 611, 612, 613, 622, 627,
628, 631, 652, 656, 658, 659, 667, 674, 577, 679, 681, 683.
687, 704, 705, 713, 725. 735, 756. 761 and 766. OT-
TOMAR REINECKE, 400 Elm St., Butfalo,
NS aN (1-p)

WANTED. To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. QO.
U. 134. 140. 153. 192, 277. 299; 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317. 318, 344. 352a and many others.
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
reac PF. Cc WILLARD, Tombstone,
ATIZ

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY, 610 B: iylor St.,
Austin, "eae,

EGGS

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey touexchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378. S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER. East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—2738 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b 2-3
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 75la
2-4 and many others with small holes. for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. C. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

Natural History Cabinet for sale or ex-
change. Suitable for bird skins, eggs, botany,
minerals or shells. Want back numbers of
magazines. ALBERT LANO, Fayetteville,
Arkansas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
30ston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGEH.—6 1-4, 30 1-1, 123b 1-2,
185 1-2, 197 1-3, 194 1-4, 219 1-6, 305 1-4, 325 1-1,
389 1-2, 352 1-1. 390 1-6, 423 1-4 1-5, 444 1-4, 477 1-4
1-5. 481 1-3, 1-5, 511 3-5. 542a 1-5, 563 2-4. 581c 1-3,
588b 1-4, 593c 1-3 and many others. E. A.
WHEELER. East Randolph. N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—CHEAP and in good
condition, Stone and Crams American Ani-
mals, Blanchan’s Game Birds, Birds of Con-
necticut, Flora of Colorado. Coue’s Birds of
the Northwest, Michigan Birds Life. Chap-
man’s Handbook of Birds, Davies Nest and
Kggs and a number of other best books on
birds. Drop a postal to Emerson Stoner,
432 38th St,, Oakland, California.

FOR EXCHANGE.—AsI wish to increase
my collection to 900 A. O. U. species will offer
for new species in A 1 sets only, choice sets
from my private series including Loons,
Albatross, Anseres, Limicolas, Rapteres, in-
cluding Kites, Eagles, Gryfalcons, Faleons,
Owls, Goatsuckers, Warblers Kinglets. Also
a few others if you prefer. All answered.
A By RICE, Grant bark. Lie

BOOKS.

WANTED.—Back numbers of The Oologist:
Vol. II No. 2; Vol. 3 No. 4; Vol. LV No. 3; Vel:
XXXINo.1. R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Il.

WANTED.-— Several copies of No. 7 of
Volume XXIV (July 1912) of the Oologist,
for which we will pay 25c each. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, Il.

WANTED.—No. 7 of Volume 29 of The
Oologist. For this we will give one year’s
subscription or pay 25c in cash. R. M
AARNES, Lacon, I).

¥

THE O

OLOGIST.

VOL. XXII. No. ee “ALBION, N. Y., JUNE 15, 1916. | WHOLE No. 847

Owned and Published Monthly, by R- M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Ill.

THE MEADOWLARK

His golden breast a-blaze in the sun
Of the new born day just begun;
Wet with dew, his feet on the sod
Of a meadow home; he carols to God.

Facing the East with a clear, bright eye
Watching morn’s purple and gold mount high;
He sends to his Maker with heart full of cheer
A whistle freighted with love, mellow and clear.

Again and again his glad song he repeats,

His mate on her nest, her heart swiftly beats;
She lists to the sound that through the mists drift
Proud of her Lord and His heavenly gift.

When suddenly awing, and sails he away,
To the sweet little mate, whose heart he did sway;
There in the meadow, diamond with dew
Two little birds, their love they renew.
|e gli heal 8

nai. Muse

104 THE OOLOGIST

Meadowlark—(Concluded).

The above lines suggested them-
selves to the Editor while lying in the
hospital at Los Angeles in March of
EOS: Every morning a Western
Meadowlark came and lit on a tele-
phone pole near the hospital and fac-
ing the rising sun, bubbled over with
melody for nearly an hour; when sud-
denly he would wheel and fly off to-
wards the Southwest.

The regularity with which he did
this, the joy with which he seemed
posesssed and the unusual surround-
ings of a noisy city thoroughfare se-
lected by him, all impressed them-
selves upon the Editor’s mind. To this
little bird we owe much for having
taken our mind off of physical suffer-
ing during our stay in that institution.

R. M. Barnes.
Se tg dts See
Mourning Warbler.

This handsome Warbler comes in
our section rather late. We never
found it breeding before the first part
of June. The head, neck and throat
are bluish-gray, changing to black on
the breast, rest of upper parts, wings
and tail, olive-green, belly yellow. The
eggs are white, speckled with reddish
lots near the larger end. As can be
seen by the photo. The nest is near
the ground, surrounded by ferns, etc.
We always found it in the Tonawanda
Swamp about fifty miles from Buffalo.
The Tonawanda Swamp is drained and
no more such rare birds like Carulean
Warbler, Hooded Warbler, Ovenbird
will be found there now. We at one
time could have purchased the section
of six hundred acres where a colony
of the Great Blue Heron nested and
I at one time counted one hundred and
ten nests, some as high as one hun-
dred up in the high elms, for $6,000,
but could not raise the money for this
purpose. Now a corporation has
charge of it,—too bad.

Ottomar Reinecke.

A Jinx.

Until the present nesting season the
owls have been my jinx. In the last
five years of more or less consistent
search I have never found an owl nest
of any variety, not even that of the
common Screech Owl.

But the jinx is broken at last by a
lucky find on February 27, 1916. On
that date I went sixteen miles west of
Champaign to the heavy timber along
the Sagamon River. As I knew there
were Great Horned and Barred Owls
about, I was ready to climb every hol-
low tree in the wood in order to find a
nest. I soon found a promising-look-
ing, round hole in an Elm tree, twenty-
five feet up. Upon circling the tree
I saw a crack on the opposite side
from the hole and from it a long, soft
owl feather protruded. Making quick
work in strapping on the climbers I
started up the tree. I had not taken
more than six steps upward when an
owl flew out and settled on a nearby
limb for a few seconds to inspect me.
I instantly recognized it as a Barred
Owl. I climbed the remaining dist-
ance in record time, and in the cavity
saw my first set of Owl eggs and the
first set for 1916, consisting of five
clean Barred Owl eggs. Incubation
had just begun. Having no collecting
box along I was forced to carry them
in my sock cap upon my head on the
sixteen mile journey home. Various
other passengers on the interurban car
showed much curiosity about the pe-
culiar shape of my toque.

Walter A. Goelitz.
Champaign, Ill.
PRS oe ets el eee
Nesting of the Wilson Warbler
in New Jersey.

On June 16th, 1915, while making
observations along the trail to the
north of Mud Pond, Passaic County,
New Jersey, I located a nest of the
Wilson Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) di-

THE OOLOGIST 105

Nest and eggs of Mourning Warbler
—Photo by Ottomar Reinecke.

106 THE OOLOGIST

rectly on the ground under the shelter:
ing branches of a hazelnut bush. This
nest, at the time, contained a set of
four eggs heavily incubated. The fe-
male was covering them at the time
of discovery and the male was perched
in a cedar about a dozen feet off. The
female was quite silent on being flush-
ed and quickly disappeared in the
surrounding undergrowth. The male,
however, continually uttered a sharp
metallic “chip” and was very nervous
and excited while I was making obser-
vations of the nest and contents. On
two occasions, this feathered mite,
actually flew directly at my face, com-
ing within a few inches and then dodg-
ing off to a nearby sapling.

The nest, as above mentioned, was
placed in a hollow in the turf of the
bordering bank and was composed of
strips of bark and weeds, and lined
with plant down, fibers and a few
slender grasses. The eggs were a
cream-white heavily speckled with
chestnut-brown principally at the cen-
ter portions, both ends being only
sparsely spotted.

On the 20th, I again visited this nest
and found it to contain four nestlings
about a day old. Both parents were
providing food for the young. This
consisted wholly of insects which they
captured on the wing. The female at
this time had lost considerable of her
former timidity and was coming to
the nest at intervals of about four
minutes and feeding while I was seat-

ed on the ground about five feet off.

watching the proceedings.

On the 22d I visited the nest and
found it to contain only three of the
young, the fourth having disappeared.
The remaining three were progressing
very rapidly and appeared quite heal-
thy. The food brought this day was
wholly insectivorous and like the form-
er day, was caught by both parents on
the wing.

On the 27th the nest was again visit-
ed for the purpose of placing bands of
the American Bird Banding Associa-
tion on the young, but found that the
nest was empty and torn apart and
the whole colony missing from the
neighborhood.

This is the only nest of this species
that has thus far come to my atten-
tion in this state. During the last fif-
teen years, during the breeding and
nesting seasons of the Mniotiltidae in
this section of New Jersey, about a
dozen pairs of this species have been
observed up to the 15th of June, but in
no instance was a nest or the sem-
blance of one located, nor were the
birds observed gathering nesting ma-
terials. On two occasions copulations
of the sexes of this species were ob-
served in this immediate vicinity but
that was as near as I ever succeeded
in finding a home of this warbler.

On the 16th nests of the Redstart,
Black and White, Black-throated
Green, and Blue-winged Warblers were
found in this same locality. Imemdi-
ately to the west of this pond, nests
of the Maryland Yellowthroat, Yellow-
breasted Chat, Yellow and Chestnut-
sided Warblers and Ovenbird were
located during the period between
June 13th and 28th during this year,
which indicates that the section is par-
ticularly conducive to the nesting and
rearing of the young of the Mniotilti-
dae.

Attempts were made to secure a
dozen pictures with a small camera of
the above Wilson Warbler nest, wut
failed most signally and did not se-
cure one exposure of the twelve worth
the trouble.

Louis S. Kohler.
f eee =
Warblers in the Vicinity of Jonesburg,
Missouri.

Warblers are indeed hard to follow;

some are here one day and are gone

THE OOLOGIST 107

the next; again, some appear, remain
a few days and then pass northward.
A few are permanent residents and
are indeed welcome, for as far as I
have observed and according to the
best authorities no maledictions are
cast at them for bad habits. On the
contrary they are rather pitied by
some naturalists because of the fact
that they are so imposed upon by the
detestable Cowbird (Molothrus ater.)

Their plumage is, on the whole, bril-
liant and no sight is ever so pleasing
to me as several warblers hunting for
food.

The most abundant Warbler I have
observed is the Myrtle Warbler; next
comes the Northern Water Thrush;
then the Maryland Yellowthroat, Yel-
low-breasted Chat, Louisiana Water
Thrush, Magnolia Warbler, Black-and-

White Warbler, Wilson’s Warbier,
Chestnut-sided Warbler, and Yellow
Warbler.

The Myrtle Warbler arrives about
April 25th and is common by the next
two days. It remains here until May
15 and then passes northward. On its
return migration it passes through
Jonesburg from October 20 until the
26th.

Both the Northern Water Thrush
and the Louisiana Water Thrush ap-
pear about the last day of April and
are common by May 2. They are all
gone northward by May 10th.

The Maryland Yellowthroat arrives
April 25-27, is common by 26-28 and
remains here during the spring and
summer. I do not recollect seeing
them after August Ist and have no
notes of their presence after that date.

The Yellow-breasted Chat arrives
May 1-5, is common by May 7-15 and
remains here during the remainder of
May and the month of June. I[ have
never observed it after July Ist.

Of the other Warblers named I have
scarcely observed their movements

long enough to state with sufficient ac-
curacy any dates relative to their mi-
grations.
Ralph R. Wilson.
Jonesburg, Missouri.
os as

Pine Warbler (Dendroica vigorsi) at
Bloomfield, N. J., During
December, 1915.

On the morning of December 19,
1915, in Watsessing Park, near Bloom-
field Center, a male Pine Warbler was
observed by the writer. The bird was
in company with several Juncos and
Golden-crowned Kinglets and _ seen
among the shrubbery and on the
ground feeding. The ground was cov-
ered with about ten inches of snow
and it was bitter cold at the time with
the thermometer registering ten de-
grees above zero. Under the shrub-
bery were several patches of bare
ground and it was on one of these
patches this unusual visitor was feed-

ing. .

On the morning of the 21st and 22d
it was again seen at this point and
then disappeared.

The latest record I have of this
species was made in 1912 at Haskell,
New Jersey, on November 2d, and the
earliest record was made on April 6,
1906. Louis S. Kohler.

aera ae
The Prothonotary Warbler.

The Thompson Lake region on the
Illinois River is probably the central
breeding place of this beautiful warb-
ler. The nearby lakes of Mud Grass
and Flagg are also much frequented.
Mud Lake is about’a half mile long
and an average width of two hundred
yards and yet around this small body
of water probably twenty-five
were breeding this year.

_ The writer for about forty years has
made a journey at least once a year to
some one of these bodies of water to
collect a few of these birds and their

pairs

108 THE OOLOGIST

eggs; going about the 20th of May.
On this date the present year accom-
panied by a niece, an understudy in
bird oology and taxidermy, we drove
five miles to Thompson and securing
a boat were soon rowing down the
west side of the lake where the dead
willows were in considerable number.
The loud, clear weet! weet! weet!
notes of the males were soon heard
after leaving the boat landing. Many
Tree Swallows too were all about us,
very tame. Perhaps less than fifty
yards was made before a _ beautiful
male was secured falling in the water
but was quickly retrieved and dried
with corn meal and then wrapped in
paper. After examining several cavi-
ties in the dead snags and trees one
was found that looked very promising
and when Miss Edna stood up in the
‘boat to peep into it a female flew out
almost in her face and almost making
her fall out of the boat. The dead
bark and wood being removed, six
eggs were found to be the comple-
ment. This I have found to be the
usual number; sometimes only five
are laid. And three times in my ex-
perience I have found sets of seven.
The eggs are very beautiful, almost
spherical, shell hard, markings exqui-
site and varied, and usually each one
of a set following the same pattern.
A set mark is almost impossible as
the egg is so covered with colorings.
As a rule the female is not taken and
a new set is produced in two or three
weeks. When it can be had the nest
is often composed entirely of the
green moss that grows on the nearby
live willows. When the lake is high
and the moss covered up, dry grass,
stems and stalks and fine rootlets are
often used. The cavity is usually
filled with this material to within four
or five inches of the opening, and then
a cuplike depression is made and the
eges laid. Sometimes the cavity is

filled with moss all but a lining of
grasses for the nest proper. A cavity
over the water is preferred and one
not over four to six feet above it.
This, however, is not strictly adhered
to as last year a nest was found six-
teen feet above the water in a little
live ash tree containing the usual six
eggs, and this year one was found
back on dry land quite a distance from
the water line.

Continuing down the lake several
fine males were secured, using light
loads of No. 12 shot, smokeless pow-
der and a 20 gauge hammerless dou-
ble ‘barrel Utica N. Y. gun, which I
have found to be about perfection for
all kinds of collecting. Several more
sets were taken, in all about seven or
eight. <A fine Solitary Sandpiper was
seen picking on the moss covered
water and was easily secured.

A good many Yellow-billed Cuckoos
were in the willows and several were
taken which proved to be males. Two
sets of Tree Swallows eggs, one of
five and the other of six and a pair
of the glossy greenish black males
were secured. One nest of Prothono-
taus containing six young was found
but not disturbed.

Bull, Black and Water Snakes were
seen on many of the willows and some
apparently searching for nests as they
are not averse to a dinner of eight
young birds or the eggs, as I have
often discovered. A fisher brought me
a few days ago.a Bull snake that he
captured on Grass Lake that was over
seven feet long and on skinning it
was found to contain a whole family
of nearly half grown Bronze Grack-
les.

Returning to the landing and eat-
ing our lunch we left the boat and
went up the lake on land; finding up
here the nests contained no eggs at
all or only partial sets which we did
not care for. In the top of a hollow

214913S “4 “¢ Aq poydesBozoud pue pazunow saxeyymous jo dnouy

110 THE OOLOGIST

stump and over the water a Mallard’s
nest was found containing fourteen
eggs, the duck being on the nest. As
they looked much incubated, they
were not touched. Back in the dense
big timber the fine notes of the Amer-
ican Redstart was heard on every
side. Two males were taken. A Car-
dinal’s nest was found in the Button
Ball bush but not molested.

Our dog Heine chased something
through the dense bush with much
bellowing, we supposed it to be a
rabbit. Coming up to where he had
treed it, we were surprised to find
him twelve feet up in an old willow
tree literally tearing the dead top out
of it. It was limbed from the ground
up and not hard to climb by an enter-
prising dog. We were much surprised
to see a large mink dislodged out of
the top of it by the dog and which he
barely missed. It ran down the tree
and off to safety towards the lake,
while the canine, who had to descend
backwards, was quite a while reach-
ing terra firma.

Our half day’s outing was success-
ful and satisfactory and we returned
to our buggy and home.

Dr. W. S. Strode.
Lewiston, Illinois.

——-——_—_—_—_©9 =@> 6 |

Pine Grosbeak at Tea Neck, N. J.

On January 9, 1916, Mr. B. S. Taub-
enhaus, of New York city, and the
writer found a pair of Pine Grosbeaks
(Pincola enucleator leucura) among 4
group of conifers in the Phelps Es-
tate at Tea Neck, N. J. These birds,
a male and female, were in a hemlock
about twenty feet from the ground
and in a position to easily determine
their identity. They were in company
with several Golden-crowned Kinglets
and Chickadees and remained in the
vicinity for about ten minutes before
they flew off and we had ample time
to observe them. This is the first

record which we have for this spe-
cies in New Jersey. The Report of
the New Jersey State Museum: men-
tions several records in the northern
counties but none since 1904. We
would be glad to know if other ob-
servers have seen them at this point,
or at other places in northern New
Jersey, this winter.
L. S. Kohler.

ie em IOA es

Birds on Matinicus Rock, Maine.

This small and nearly barren ledge
is in the western part of Penobscot
Bay, and is about twenty-five miles
from the mainland. There is a light
house on it which has twin lights and
the people connected with it are the
only inhabitants. Visitors are allow-
ed, your name is requested and no fire-
arms permitted.

From the Rock eastward are a great
many ledges and islands, most of them
the home of some specie of bird in
spring time. While many of the birds
are of the so-called common variety,
they are very interesting to anyone
living inland. The great size of some
of their colonies and the prettiness oi
the scenery in Penobscot Bay.

June is the best month in which tc
visit the Rock and an early morning
start is advisable for there is general-
ly a good swell on the water which
seems to increase by afternoon. Ap-
proaching the Rock a great many
Common and Arctic Terns are seen.
coming and going. They are pari
of the large colony living on it, which
is estimated at over fifteen hundred
pair. The greater part being the com-
mon species. All Terns are called
either Medricks or Mackerel Gulls by
Maine people.

Looking the place over, after you
land, you find that one end is entirely
covered with immense granite bould
ers. Toward the other end there are
little patches of soil between the

THE OOLOGIST 11]

rocks which are not spread on so
thick. The Terns live on the rocky
end, and as you wander about upon
them you are glad you wore rubbers
for these boulders are hard to walk
on, being slippery and tilted every
way. No attempt is made to make a
nest and their eggs lie about on the
flat rocks anywhere and everywhere.
Some tossed about by the wind are
broken, others lie in crevices filled
with rain water, but the greater part
are safe and will hatch. Two or three
eggs are in most sets of both species.
A set of four is rare and Dr. Dyar, the
keeper, pointed out a set of five of the
Common Tern to me once. The eges
vary greatly in color and marking.
Many odd eggs may be found.

When first you appear among them,
the birds are much annoyed and per-
sist in flying about directly over your
head, uttering their noisy repeated
chir-r-r-r and teat-r-r-r and this sound
will stick in your head a long time
after you have left. In a short time,
however, many of them quiet down
and return to their eggs.

Formerly the Rock had but a single
light, but a few years ago another
was added. The Terns arrive about
May 15th, and in the night and the
Keeper told me that the night they
came after the second light had been
installed, they seemed to know they
were at the right place for they kept
flying about over the Rock but didn’t
know what to think of the new light
and refused to land for three days.

A good sized colony of Leach’s Pe-
trel breed there. They are seldom
seen about their breeding grounds in
the daytime so it is hard to estimate
the size of a colony. It is said that
one of a pair will feed out to sea all
day returning at dusk to relieve its
mate in the burrow. In the little soil
patches, which is of a very light tex-
ture, are the burrows in which they

lay their single white egg. Dull white
as a rule but often eggs will be found
with a distinct wreath of fine red dots
about the large end. As all the soil
had been used here for the burrows
many were forced to dig in under the
smaller stones and by tipping over
these stones you will generally find a
Petrel and its single egg. The nest
seems to be at the best only a few
pieces of grass.

Under the boulders on the highest
part of the Rock a colony of perhaps
forty pair of Black Guillemot breed;
Sea Pigeons they are called there.
The: size of a colony may be fairly
well determined by the number of
birds noted sitting about on the rocks
and in the water nearby, for they will
all be males and each one will have
a maid tucked away under the rocks
on the eggs. Unless you can crawl in
among these immense boulders you
cannot move them and very often the
eggs are placed where they cannot
even be seen. When eggs are fresh
there is very little to go by in look-
ing for them but as incubation ad-
vances the bird white washes the
rocks leading to them, making it easy
to follow the trail. Sometimes a few
broken mussel shells, but more often
the one or two eggs lie on the bare
rock. Occasionally an egg will be
noted that appears from its position
to have been pushed to one side and
will be found to have either a crack
or dent in it. The bird probably
knows such an egg will not hatch and
pushes it away. The eggs are very
pretty and vary in size considerably.

A few pair of Puffins formerly came
to the Rock to breed but several years
ago when I was there last Mr. Dyar
said they remained about for a while
that spring but felt sure they went
up the coast to breed.

As these birds and their eggs are
well known to all, I submit these notes

112 THE OOLOGIST

more as a list of the birds living on
Matinicus Rock than anything else.

Roscoe I. Giles.
+—~<f—2- =

Notice.

Owing to the unusual stress of im-
portant law business the Editor has
been unable to give any attention to
oology during the last month or two;
but shortly after the middle of June
will take the matter up again and
catch up with all correspondence.
This notice is given that all those in-
terested may govern themselves ac-
cordingly. R. M. Barnes.

ns TENS Aes oe
A New England Collection.

There is one collection of New Engz-
land birds and animals that I have
never seen mentioned in our Orni-
thological literature and I think a few
facts in connection with it may be of
general interest, for in some respects
it is a remarkable one. I refer to the
collection in the private muesum of
Mr. Dinsmore Green, the veteran taxi-
dermist of Greenwood, Mass., who, by
the way, is not a relative of the pres-
ent writer, although a personal friend
of many years standing, and one to
whom I owe many a debt of gratitude
for aid and information in regard to
procuring specimens of our rarer
birds.

Mr. Green’s Museum is a very large,
well lighted room, an addition receni-
lv built on his house and designed es-
pecially for the purpose it now serves.
His collection includes mounted birds
and animals and big game heads, and
represents Mr. Green’s own individual
efforts for nearly forty years, for not
only has he mounted all his speci-
mens himself but nearly all of them
were collected by him on the numer:
cus trips he has taken throughout
New England and New Brunswick.

The animals range in size from the
small mice and moles to the Caribou

and moose. The birds include many
of our larger and rarer species, the
Kagles, Hawks and Owls being well
represented by specimens in full adult
plumage, most of them taken by Mr.
Green many years ago when they were
very plentiful and it was possible to
pick out birds in exceptionally good
plumage.

Many of his birds which were col-
lected here in Massachusetts are now
rare or extinct all over the country.
His Passenger Pigeon is one of the
best ones I have ever seen and is
probably one of the very last of this
species which was killed in this vi-
cinity. A very fine specimen of Hs-
kimo Curlew is probably the rarest of
his group of shore birds, aithough
many other rare ones are represented
there.

Hawks and Owis, game birds and
water-fowl form the bulk of the bird
collection, very little space being
given to common birds which are
easily obtained.

The taxidermist work is remarkably
gcod, the forms and attitudes of boti
the birds and mammals being very
life-like, which not only adds great
value to this collection but also offers
conclusive evidence that the owner
has studied them closely and faithful-
ly in their nature haunts.

Very few taxidermists can show a
collection of “personally taken” spe-
cimens which can compare with this
one, for at the present time one’s op-
portunities to collect rare material
are necessarily limited by the de-
crease in wild life. Although Mr.
Green occasionally picks up a few
rare specimens now, he devotes much
of his leisure time to the making of
bird houses and attracting wild birds
to the vicinity of the museum. Dur-
ing the last few years he has had
quite a numerous colony of _ birds
breeding nearby, thus affording visit-

THE OOLOGIST 118

ors a chance to study both live ones
and stuffed ones also.

Anyone who visits the museum al-
ways receives a very cordial welcome
from the owner, who is a very pleas-
ant and entertaining man, to talk
with, as his vast store of information
was gathered from his own experi-
ence in the woods and fields and
along the shore. Mr. Dinsmore Green
is a man much loved and respected
by nature students and sportsmen,
and as he formerly conducted a very
successful taxidermist business here
for many years, he has a very large
circle of acquaintances and friends.
We all wish that men of his kind and
capabilities were more plentiful.

Horace O. Green.
Wakefield, Mass.
1h eS
Albino.

I noted February 2, 1916, a White-
leaded English Sparrow in company
with a few others eating the new sown
barley. I observed it closely for a few
moments at a short distance, when
moving nearer it flew to the fence,
then flew away and did not return.
Head light grayish white, with wide
bars on the wings, was in company
of about 30 English Sparrows. 4-26-16.
Young White-headed English Sparrow,
head and neck white, no white on
back, male bird, learning it to pick up
its own food.

W. A. Strong.
San Jose, Cal.
eee Sg
J. Parker Norris.

J. Parker Norris, one of the best
known of the old-time Oologists, died
at his residence in Philadelphia on
March 17, 1916.

Mr. Norris had been suffering from
the disease, which eventually killed
him, for several years. He continued,
however, to keep up his interest in
the “J. P. N.” collection to the last.

Mr. Norris was born in Philadelphia
on November 2, 1847, and commenced
to take an interest in Oology when
twelve or thirteen years old. He form-
ed a collection, and in the _ sixties
wrote a series of articles on Ornithol-
ogy and Oology for the Country Gen-
tleman, one of which, about the col-
lecting and preparation of eggs, was
re-printed in the first number of THE
OOLOGIST (Vol. I No. 1 Young Oolo-
gist).

Mr. Norris’ first collection was a
good one for the time and contained
series of Short-eared Owls, Sandhill
Cranes and other species that were
quite rare then. L. Kumlien of Wis-
consin, who afterward became well
known, was one of his collectors. Mr.
Norris at one time spent several days
in Washington helping Spencer F.
Baird arrange the Oological collection
in the Smithsonian Institute.

Shortly before his marriage, which
occurred in March, 1870, Mr. Norris
sold his first collection. About this
time he began to take an active inter-
est in Shakespeariana, and eventually
accumulated a splendid library on
this subject. In 1885 he completed
a book on the Portraits of Shakes-
peare, which to this day remains the
standard authority on the subject.

In the Fall of 1885 Mr. Norris’ inter-
est in Oology which had lain dormant
for a number of years became active
again and he started the Norris col-
lection with his eldest son, J. Parker
Norris, Jr., at this time fourteen years
of age. One of the principal things to
reawaken Mr. Norris’ zest for Oology
was a visit to Thomas H. Jackson at
West Chester, and a sight of the lat-
ter’s fine, well arranged and interest-
ing collection. Soon after this Mr.
Norris met Samuel B. Ladd, Harry G.
Parker and a number of other active
Oologists of this period.

In January, 1886, Mr. Norris became

114 THE OUOLOGIST

one of the editors of the Ornithologist
& Oologist and continued in that ca-
pecity until the decease of that able
journal in the Fall of 1893. A large
number of well-written and interest-
ing articles appeared in its columns
from his pen.

Mr. Norris was the first to point out
the many erroneous statements about
the number of eggs laid by Raptoria!
birds, notably the Swallow-tailed Kite,
up to that time credited with laying
four to six eggs. Years before this in
1868-1869 he sent specimens of the
eggs of the Small Green Crested or
Acadian Flycatcher to E. A. Samuels
from which the first correct descrip-
tion was published.

For many years Mr. Norris built up
the Norris collection, until it became
one of the finest in the country. He
took more interest in the eggs of the
Warblers and Raptores than any other
families and was a thorough believer
in having the majority of the species
represented in series. He was most
particular about the identity of his
specimens. ‘|

About 1884 he turned over the col-
lection to his son, J. Parker Norris,
Jr., though still continuing to take an
active interest in it—Communicated.

The Editor knew Mr. Norris by
correspondence, long and well; and
likewise had a personal acquaintance
with him, growing out of a
of visits in Philadelphia during which
we had the rare pleasure of inspect-
ing this truly wonderful collection of
eggs. We had formed a very high
opinion of Mr. Norris, both as a man
and a scientist, and the Oological col-
lection which he leaves is without
dcubt the greatest monument of its
kind in North America under private
ownership. We have no doubt that
his son, J. Parker Norris, Junior, will
take pride in conserving, improvins
and increasing the same.—R. M. B.

numbei

Bird Brevities.

My notes for the last winter seem to
show a scarcity of the Winter Wren
for this vicinity. A hundred miles of
bird hunting failed to find the saucy
little fellow. In suitable places a few
Ruifed Grouse still live in spite of an
army of hunters. This game bird is
undoubtedly growing scarcer in Alle-
gheny county. The Bob-white, I
have never seen in this county in five
years time, although one of my friends
noted a few in his back yard less than
a block from my home. Very few
Bluejays are to be found around here
which is due perhaps to their prefer-
ence to some localities. The Cliff
Swallow has never made an entry in
my notebook and I would like to find
a colony of them in this county. The
Tree Swallow appears not to nest in
this vicinity, but this bird was very
abundant around Cambridge City,
Indiana, where I lived in 1910.

The absence of some birds in cer-
tain regions is one of the things that
is impressed upon the bird student
whetn he moves from one part of the
country to another. There is a fas-
cination about a new place which only
a birdlover can appreciate.

Thos. L. McConnell.
McKeesport, Pa.
WS di ee ee
Bird Tragedies in Oil.

Waterfowl are not devoid of instinct
by any means, and yet new conditions
are with them, as with other “people,”
sometimes misleading, according to
the following extract from the Stand-
ard Oil Bulletin:

“Among the Waterfowl the death
rate do to misinformation supplied by
instinct is appalling and the circum-
stances are peculiarly pathetic: A
cusher well—of a sort that have made
the California oil fields famous the
world over—is brought in, or gets be-
yond the control of the drillers and

eM9NS “A “f Aq 0J0OUq—
UO}JJ9q SAJWBYD Puke J[4aIIS “4 “fF JO UOIJOS]{JOO UI SYMEH pabulm-peoug 4jO Saluas

116 THE OOLOGIST

comes in of its own accord. To tank
the enormous flow is out of the ques-
tion, so the oil is run into sumps al-
ready made, or held in canyons that
are hastily dammed to meet the emer-
gency. Sometimes these oil lakes
cover acres, as in the case of the
Lakeview gusher. In the dark of night
or during the beautiful desert twi-
light, and in the windless dawn when

reflections are strongest, these tar-
colored lakes appear as bodies of
water.

Instinct does not always save the
birds. Men employed around the great
Lakeview sump tell how the migratory
waterfowl, flock after flock, dropped
out of the turquoise sky and plunged
into that lake of oil. Majestic peli-
cans, deliberate of flight; snow geese,
Hawkes, fast-flying canvassbacks and
ducks of all varieties that take the an-
nual trip from Alaska to the flats of
the lower Colorado river, alighted by
the thousands in that oil sump, never
to rise again. When these struck,
their feathers became saturated with
oil and their flying days were over.
Many would remain on the surface, to
be soon overcome by the heat and
fumes of rising gas. Others would
dive when excited or closely pressed.
One old watchman long in the fields
maintained that they committed sui-
cide. The sight of birds struggling in
the oil and countless blackened bodies
floating on the surface had not the
effect of deterring others from making
the fatal plunge.” W. A. Strong.
San Jose Mercury Hospital,

San Jose, California.
SS

Some Western Birds.
California Bush-Tit.

Three species and sub-species of the
Genus Psaltriparus, a truly western
genus not ranging east of the Rio
Grande in southern Texas, are found
in California. But as all forms are

similar in habits and differ but slightly

in appearance, I shall in the present

article deal mainly with the one most
familiar to me, passing quickly over
the others.

In northern California, we have the
Coast Bush-Tit (Psaltriparus minimus
minimus), which is the type species.
The bird is from four to four and one-
half inches in length; the plumage is
brown, darker on the head and gray-
ish down the back. The desert form
of southeastern California is the Lead-
colored Bush-Tit (Psaltriparus plum-
beus). As its name would imply, this
form is mostly bluish-gray in plum-
age.

The subject of this article, the Cali
fornia Bush-Tit (Psaltriparus mini-
mus californicus), is well distributed
throughout the Transition and Upper
Sonoran Zones of the balance of the
State. It is of the same size as the
Coast Bush-Tit and differs from the
type species only in the general light-
er tone of the plumage.

In my home county of Los Angeles,
Californicus is an extremely common
resident throughout the year. Herein
lies one of his main charms, for like
the poor he is always with us. Gath-
ering in large flocks after the young
are fledged, our little friends make
themselves at home anywhere and
everywhere, ranging high up in the
mountains until the first flurry of win-
ter snow drives them down to the
warm valleys. Here they remain in
the parks and gardens until the spring
awakening of the mating instinct
breaks up the jolly litlte bands.

While not in a position to state posi-
tively that they do so, I believe that
the birds raise two broods a season,
at least in the years when there is
no heavy rainfall after early spring.
At any rate eggs may be found from
early March until late July, thus plac-
ing the species among our earliest
breeders.

THE OOLOGIST 117

The nests are to be found every-
where, from the swamp willows with-
in a stone’s throw of the Pacific to the
buckthorn thickets at more than five
thousand feet elevation in the moun-
tains. Almost every clump of oaks
harbors as many pairs as its size will
permit, in fact these trees seem to
shelter more nests than all other kinds
combined. Pepper and sycamore trees
are often built in, as are also several
varieties of cacti and countless shrubs
and bushes.

As a nest-builder the Bush-Tit
stands without a peer in North Ameri-
ca. His home is one of the Seven
Wonders of the feathered world. Much
has been written of these beautiful
structures, the weaving of which
would seem to be a Herculean if not
impossible task to the diminutive ar-
tisans. These nests are long, pensile
pouches from ten. to fifteen inches in
length; about two inches in diameter
at the neck and four to five inches at
the bottom. The entrance, a small
round opening about the size of a
dime, is placed in the side near the
top. The materials used are oak blos-
some, cowbews, plant down, fine gray
mosses, grasses, fibres, and feathers.
Sometimes the outside is covered with
small gray and brown lichens. To
give an idea of the amount of material
used I may say that more than three
hundred tiny feathers have been count-
ed from one nest. About ten days is
spent in the building, and so well are
they constructed that some _ nests
weather the wind and rain of two or
three winters, although they are used
but one season.

Like the Gnatcatchers our Tit-Bit
will sometimes find a spot more to his
liking than the one where his half-
completed nest is situated and then
nothing will do but that he must move
to the new location, tearing down the
old nest and using its materials for

the new.

The eggs are pure white, in size
averaging about .55x.40 inches. From
four to nine constitute a set. Twelve

days is required for incubation; the
young are entirely naked
hatched.

The birds call to each other almost
continuously with a weak lisping note
that is difficult to describe in words,
Perhaps the well-known ‘“tsit-tsit-tsit”’
of the Gnatcatcher is more like it
than anything else. The male appar-
ently has no “courting”’ song.

The Bush-Tit ranks as one of the
most beneficial birds to the agricul-
turist, feeding on small insects, their
eggs and larvae, and on several va-
rieties of harmful tree scale. I have
often noted flocks of the birds in the
bush to all appearances feeding upon
weed seeds, although it is possible
they found some insect food there
that escaped my notice.

A more confiding little fellow can-
not be found anywhere. I have stood
many a time so close that I could al-
most put my hand on them as they fed
in the oak boughs, searching over each
twig carefully for food, and then drop-
ping to the next upside down for all
the world like a Chickadee. I have
watched their home-building with my
face scarcely a yard away from the
pretty nest. So familiar and trusting
a bird cannot fail to appeal to every
lover of the wild things.

D. I. Shepardson.

when

Los Angeles, Cal.
peek A nS 1 eee SS ie
Red-Eyed Towhee.

One of our most interesting birds
is the Red-eyed Towhee, always lively
and busy, sometimes kicking up as
much racket as an old hen in their
efforts to find food among the leaves
and litter among the underbrush. The
nest is nicely hidden among the grass
beneath a bush or among the hazel
bushes. I never succeeded in finding

118 THE OOLOGIST

but one nest, which contained a very
fine set of four almost fresh eggs.
These birds eat an immense quantity
of insects, I should judge for they are
always hunting in the underbrush.
The female is not quite so conspicu-
ous as the male, because of her more
quiet disposition and more sober col-
ors and when nesting she sets very
close.
Geo. W. H. vos Burgh.
><
No Man’s Land, Maine.

In Penobscot Bay, about a mile east
of Matimicus is the island of No Man’s
Land. It is owned by the Audubon
Society who protects the great col-
ony of Herring Gulls that breed on it.
The number of pair is supposed to be
about fifteen thousand and is the larg-
est colony in Maine.

It is a good sized island. At one
time a few spruce grew on it but sev-
eral years ago when I was there last
these were all dead, killed by the im-
mense number of birds alighting on
them I suppose. The soil, well ferti-
lized by so many birds, produces a
rank growth of grass, but much of the
surface is pretty well studded with
big boulders. The shore is very rocky
and to make a landing with a good
rough sea on is difficult except at one
point on the western end locally called
rum guzel.

As in all colonies, the birds rise to
greet you and here a few thousand
gulls uttering their harsh cry make
a noise that is wonderful. After the
feeling produced by the sight of so
many eggs quiets down you take note
of things. The nests of course are
everywhere and anywhere. Some are
in the hollows formed by the _ sur-
rounding rocks, some are tucked away
under the boulders but the majority
are placed in the thick grass. Many
are bulky affairs composed of dry sea-
weed and other water plants, many

are made of dry grass and hundreds
of them are just a spot in the rank
grass the bird has matted down with
her feet into what a nest should be.
With nests placed so close together
that you have to be careful where
you step, how any bird can tell her
nest after once leaving it is a mys-
tery to me. That they sometimes do
return to the wrong nest may be noted
for at times one will see two or more
birds fighting when one of them had
sought to return to her eggs. A num-
ber of adult dead Gulls may be seen
lying about but whether death was
due to these fights or to disease, I
do not know.

Throughout June and into July eggs
may be found but the July eggs are
badly incubated. Three eggs are in
most sets but many sets of two are
seen. Eggs decidedly lacking in col-
oration and with a washed out look
are generally infertile and are quite
common.

About the 20th of June the first
eggs layed are ready to hatch. The
young are helpless for a short time
and remain in the nest if not dis-
turbed. Along the last of June, if you
go there, you can soon start the big-
gest flock of various sized fowl run-
ning you ever saw, of that kind. They
try to hide in the grass and under
the boulders.

The cries of the young Gulls make a
wonderful noise. It seems to be con-
cinuous. It was the last sound I heard
it night on Matinicus, over a mile
away, and in the morning when [
awoke, they were going full blast.

When the fishermen clean their fish
in the harbor at Matinicus, the old
Gulls gather around to clean up the
refuse. They are very interesting to
watch for their cleverness in picking
up the parts of the fish thrown away
is wonderful. Quite often some Gulls
would pick up a yard or so of this

THE OOLOGIST 119

stuff and start off for some good place
to eat it and following close behind
would be another, not so lucky but de-
termined to get a meal somehow.
When close enough to the tail a firm
hold would be secured with the bill
end then the brakes applied. The first
Gull drops the tid-bit, shakes her tail
a few times then turns and wings
back to try luck over again while the
thief neatly scoops up the prize and
makes for a secluded spot to enjoy it.
Roscoe I. Giles.
ae ee
Notes on the Eggs and Food of the
American Crow.

During the breeding season of 1915,
on a farm of sixty acres at Carman-
town, Passaic County, N.Y.,the writer
spent the greater portion of the period
between April 10th and June 30th in
intensive work on the bird residents
of the section.

In all, there were ten families of
Crows reared on this farm during this
period and ample opportunities and
possibilities were afforded which per-
mitted the writer to form, at least, a
few definite conclusions. In addition
to the parents of the broods which
were reared, about seventy-five of this
species, all of which were nesting
within a radius of a mile, visited this
tract almost daily and fed in some
portion thereof.

The farm was so divided that three
fields of corn were necessary in order
to raise it in paying quantities and
these were one ten acre tract at the
southeastern corner; another tract of
eight acres at the northwestern corn-
er and a third tract of twelve acres
along the sounthern boundary about
eight hundred feet from the first tract.

On the 10th of April the first plow-
ing for corn was made on the south-
eastern tract. This tract had been
heavily limed and fertilized prior to
plowing. The grain was sown in this

lot about April 25th because of the
extremely early season prevalent this
year. The young corn began showing
through the earth about May Sth. On
the 10th the entire assemblage of
Crows began attacking this and con-
tinued to do so until the second field
was plowed and then a portion of them
assembled at this field.

On the 8th of May the tract at the
northwestern boundary was plowed
and about an average of twenty-five
for ten days foraged over this and
gathered a large percentage of the
vertebrates, invertebrates and the lep-
idoptera found in the food of the
young. The grain was tarred in this
case and planted on the 13th and 14th.
After planting a few of the Crows re-
mained here but they had entirely de-
serted the field by the time the young
corn began showing through on the
22d. The birds gave this field a wide
berth and it was quite evident that
the tar had its desired effect on them
and their inroads.

On the 10th and 11th of May the
third and last tract was plowed and
was planted on the 15th and 16th.
The Crows visited this field daily in
large numbers prior to the planting
and after the young corn began to
show through, their inroads were
about equal to that in the case of the
first tract. Prior to planting a goodly
portion of the vertebrates, invertibrates
and insectivorous food was gathered
here. Considerable lime and fertilizer
was used on this field, but in the case
of the second field, only fertilizer was
applied.

The first nest with eggs was dis-
covered in a cellar near the first tract
of corn, about twelve feet from the
ground and contained on the date of
discovery, April 16th, four eggs uni-
form in color and size. These four
were freenish white and heavily
marked with brown and lavender and

120 THE OOLOGIST

averaged 1.55x1.12. On the 18th an-
other egg was deposited which was
bluish white, much lighter in color
than the others and but sparsely
speckled with light brown and lilac
and measured 1.62 x1.21. On the 31st
the last egg deposited hatched first
during the early morning. During the
afternoon about four o’clock the other
four hatched. This brood was allowed
to be fed by the parents for eight
days and when then one of the young
was killed and dissected for examina-
tion of the alimentary track.

This stomach contained the follow-
ing: Corn, 12%; Beetles, 8%; Spiders,
22%; Orthoptera, 30%; Invertebrates,
5% and Vertebrates 23%.

On the twentieth day another young
bird was killed and its alimentary
track was examined and contained the
following: Corn, 35%; Beetles, 30%;
Lepidoptera, 10%; Spiders, 12% and
Vertebrates, 13%.

On the same day the adult male
was killed and its stomach contained
on examiantion: Corn, 62%; Beetles,
23%; Vertebrates, 5%; Lepidoptera,
5% and Invertebrates 5%.

The second nest with eggs was
found near the second tract on the
19th and contained a set of five eggs,
all uniform in color and size and re-
sembled the first four of the first set.
This set averaged 1.58x1.14. The
young all emerged on the 3d of May.
The young of this brood was fed from
the first tract largely from the time
of hatching until the 9th and then the
parents foraged on the second tract
plowed until the planting and then
from the first and third tracts.

On the eighth day one of these
youngsters was killed and stomach
examined and differed but slightly
from the first stomach examined ex-
cept that the percentage of corn was
8% more and the percentage of Orth-
optera was decreased by aa equal
amount,

Another of the youngsters of this
brood was killed and examined on the
twentieth day and the following result
was obtained: Corn, 42%; Beetles,
25%; Lepidoptera, 12%; Spiders 13%;
Invertebrates 5% and Vertebrates 3%.

On the same day of the last exam-
ination, the stomach of four adult
males were examined and the follow-
ing average was obtained from these:
Corn 72%; Beetles, 12% Vertebrates,
11%; Spiders, 2% and Invertebrates
Wie

The next two nests were located on
the 23d about two hundred feet apart
near the first tract and as in the first
case in cedars about fifteen feet from
the ground. The eggs in these two
eases distinctly showed the effect of
the lime in their coloration. In the —
two nests nine eggs were deposited
and all were uniform in color. These
eggs were bluish white and but sparse-
ly spotted with brown and lilac and
averaged 1.60 x 1.15.

The young of these broods were fed
from the first and third tracts and two
stomachs examined at the age of
twelve days contained the following:
Corn, 30%; Beetles, 30%; lLepidop-
tera, 4%; Vertebrates 20%; Spiders,
12%, and Orthoptera 4%.

In the fifth nest, which came to
light on the 25th in an oak about forty
feet from the ground near the second
tract, the eggs were of the dark phase
and averaged 1.58x1.14. No stomachs
were examined in this brood because
of the nests being inaccessible. The
parents fed the young of this brood
wholly from the third tract.

In the sixth nest, which was in a
cedar near the third tract and discov-
ered on the 28th, a set of five eggs
were deposited and, as in the case of
the second and third, the eggs were
of the light phase. In fact, but little
of the bluish tinge was apparent, in-
dicating clearly that the effect of the

THE OOLOGIST 121

limed ground had had a material ef-
fect on the coloration of the eggs.
The young in this brood hatched about
the 11th and on the 20th a young bird
was killed and dissected and a result
similar to the young of the second and
third broods was obtained.

Three stomachs of the adults were
examined on this day and the average
of the stomachs was as follows: Corn,
64%; Beetles, 15%; Vertebrates, 20%
and Invertebrates 1%.

The remaining four nests were lo-
cated between the 28th ana 30th and
the eggs in each of these cases were
of the light phase, but were all heavily
speckled with brown and lavender and
the eighteen eggs averaged 1.59x1.14.

Four young were taken from these
four nests at the age of eight days
and their stomachs were examined
and the following average was secur-
ed: Corn, 35%; Beetles, 22% Lepi-
doptera, 12% Vertebrates 5%; Orth-
optera 20% and Invertebrates 6%.

On the 18th of June five stomachs
of adult males were examined and
the following result obtained: Corn,
55%; Beetles, 21%; Invertebrates,
12% and Vertebrates 12%.

The foregoing observations and ex-
aminations brought forth the follow-
ing facts:

First: That the eggs of the dark
phase demanded a period of incuba-
tion of approximately fifteen days and
the light phase from thirteen to four-
teen days.

Second: That where the adult fe-
males fed on limed ground for a per-
iod of no less than two weeks, the ef-
fect of the lime was clearly indicated
in the coloration of the shell of the
eggs.

Third: That the food of the young
birds at the age of eight days averag-
ed: Corn, 29%; Beetles, 20.5%; Spid-

ers, 8:5%; Orthoptera, 17.5%; Inver-
tebrates, 4.25%; Vertebrates 13.25%

and Lepidoptera 7%.

Fourth: That the food of the young
birds at the age of twenty days aver-
aged: Corn 38.5%; Beetles, 27.5%;
Lepidoptera 11%; Spiders, 12.5%; In-

vertebrates, 2.5% and Vertebrates,
8%.
Fifth: That the food of the adult

males, thirteen stomachs in all, dur-
ing the period between the 20th of
May and 18th of June, contained the
following: Corn, 62%; Beetles, 17%;
vertebrates, 13%; Invertebrates, 7%;
Lepidoptera .4% and Spiders, .6%.
Sixth: That, while the food of the
young birds during their life while in
the nest contained about one-third in
corn, the remaining two-thirds were of
a class which are helpful rather than
detrimental to the corn grower in this
section. On the other hand, the food
of the adults, in which the corn diet
approximated two-thirds, the birds in
this case are proven detrimental dur-

‘ing the early stages of the corn grow-

ing and every safeguard against them
and their inroads should be adopted
to decrease this percentage.

In all forty-six eggs were measured
and the averages in size of these were
1 6ltal.b:

Louis S. Kohler.
° >
Socorro Petrel Captured at Sea.

Last Saturday evening, April 1st, I
was on the hurricane deck of the
“Steamship Queen” bound for Los
Angeles, when a heavy fog fell upon
the deep. We were moving slowly
in the Santa Barbara Channel and the
islands could be faintly seen through
the mist. Suddenly, a Socorro Petrel
(Oceanodroma Socorroensis) flew into
the cabin and dropped into a ladies
lap. Believing the object a bat, she
uttered a piercing scream. I ran be-
low and captured the bird before the
passengers could destroy it. It is a
male species and is now in the Mu-
seum of History, Science & Art in
Los Angeles.

122 THE OOLOGIST

Mr. Willet states that the Socorro
Petrel occasionally straggles north-
ward at least to San Diego. Mr. A.
W. Anthony found it to be fairly com-
mon during April and May, 1895. It
breeds on the island off the coast of
lower California from the Coronados
Islands south. Alfred Cookman.

Set RE ee

Western Meadowlark in Wisconsin.

In the spring of 1910, I was in the
southern part of the state, Wisconsin,
in Rock county, (very appropriately
named.) It was here, I first heard the
Western Meadowlark in Wisconsin;
soon got to see them, but never found
a nest. Every spring since then, I
have noticed that they have been en-
croaching on the domains of the Hast-
ern Meadowlark, farther and farther
to the east and north. Well they are
welcome I am sure. They are in
about equal numbers here now, but I
have never yet succeeded in finding
a nest here of the Western variety. I
first heard the Western variety in
Minnesota in Wandena County in 1907
and again in.Marin County, California,
where I finally found two nests in the
Alpine meadows of the Coast Range
in 1908.

Geo. W. H. vos Burgh.
RF ol GB oh A ON ee ee

A Recent Addition to Our Collection.

The Editor has recently purchased
a large collection of mounted birds
lately belonging to Edward P. Car-
man of Portsmouth New Hampshire,
including therein such rare specimens
as Passenger Pigeon, Eskimo Curlew,
Snowy Owl, American Goshawk, etc.
Also beautiful albinos of the Barn
Swallow and Kingbird.

The following is quoted from a let
ter of Mr. Carman under date of May
1st, closing up the deal:

“Sure there are some honest white
men when it is such a hustle after
the dollars. I hope you have plenty
of them; surely you ought to have,
as a man so square as you have been
to me, I hope will never be in need o1
them.”

Gone Forever.

For about a week during April we
placed in the window of our law of-
fice the specimen referred to in the
following, accompanying it with this
explanatory statement:

R. M. BARNES.
THE PASSENGER PIGEON, COM-
MONLY CALLED WILD PIGEON
(Eetopistes migratorius)
This specimen of this rare and

now extinct bird was killed and
mounted near Brighton, Maine, in
the early ’80’s. The bird is now

totally extinct, the last survivor hav-
ing died in the Cincinnati Zoological
Gardens in confinement in the Fall of
TONS:

Formerly the Passenger Pigeon
was one of the most common birds in
all North America, passing in its
migrations from North to South and
vice versa in flocks containing mil-
lions, at times darkening the sky.
It formerly, in periods of migration,
was very common in this country.
The older resident have seen thou-
sands of the birds.

At one time there were 1,500 trap-
ped birds shipped to Lacon and shot
at a live bird shooting match on the
river front west of the present water
works. But a few dozen eggs and a
few skins and mounted birds are all
that remain of this most splendid
game bird. As the result of perse-
cutions it has ceased to exist. It
was a martyr to the fool with the
shot gun.

See ee OS SSS SSS SS

Oregon Birds.

Our birds have had a hard time;
we have had a snow storm with cold
weather. Here is a list of birds that
I have observed from my window:
Oregon Junco, Varied Thrush, West-
ern Robin, Oregon Towhee, Rusty
Song Sparrow, Northwestern Flicker,

Red-breasted .- Sapsucker, Oregon
Chickadee, Western Winter Wren,
Western Golden-crowned Kinglet,

Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Slender-billed
Nuthatch, Western Bluebird.

The Western Bluebird I think are
all dead. I found seventeen birds, I
tried to feed them, but I think they
starved. The Oregon Juncos are
hardy fellows. We fed more than
two hundred of them. They like
corn meal. The Varied Thrush stands
the cold better than the Western
Robin. GEORGE D: PECK.

THE OOLOGIST

BOOK S—Continucd

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1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y.

WANTED,—In good condition: Nidiolo-
gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.
IV No. 3 and index; Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index;
Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. ITI No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. 1X
No.6 and index. How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exehange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

MISCELLANEOUS.

WANTED.—To buy an egg cabinet from
some one in the vicinity of Boston. ED-
WARD 8S. COOMBS, Boston, Mass.

Cuts of North American Birds wanted.
Half tones preferred. Send proofs of those
you have and state lowest cash price. ER-
NESTS. NORMAN, Kalevala, Manitoba.

WANTED.—A collecting gun; also5 x 7 long
bellows camera and 8 x 10 lens; also 34 x 44
long focus, plate, hand camera with Dagor
lens. A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

FOR SALE.—One 4x 5 long focus reversible
back Premo; one 5 x 7 Crown Anastigmat
F'4.5 lens in Ilex Acme shutter; one 4 x 5plate
tank, and other photographic accessories.
A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

Coati-Mundi (Nasua narica). These ani-
mals are related to our Northern Racoons,
but inhabit the tropic and sub-tropic regions.

have a specimen nicely mounted on a
polished stand. Can probably furnish a
photo. For full description. price, etc. ad-

dress MILTON J. HOFMANN, 1818 Bleecker
St., Brooklyn, N. Y,

Wanted rare American Indian or ancient
Egyptian relics. Can offer thousands of cut
and polished precious and semi-precious
stones suitable for mounting oe the cabinet,
also high grade cameras. L. V. CASE, Tarry-
town, N. (p-1)

WANTED. Correspondence with collect-
ors of butterflies. DR. T. W. RICHARDS,
U.S. Navy. care of Navy Department, Wash-
ing, D.C, (1-p)

IV THE OOLOGIST

STATEMEST OF OWNERSHIP,
wGRNGE ND, EC:

Of the Oulogist, published month'y at Albion,
N. Y.. required by the Act of Angust 24, 1912.

Editor, R. M. Burnes, Lacon, Ill.; Managing
Editor, Ro ae Barnes, Lacon. Ill. Business
Manager, R. M. Barnes, Lacon, I!].; Publisher,
R. M. Barnes, Lacon, Ill. Known bond-
holders, mortgagees, and Other security
holders, holding 1 per cent or more of total
amount of bonds, mortgages, or other secur-

ities, None.
R. M. BARNES.

MAN-

Sworn to and subscribed before me this Ist

day of April, A. D. 1916.
PRN DEE DOERR
Notary Public.

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber collecting gun. suitable for
shot cartridges. R. P. SHARPLES. West
Chester, Pa.

IN PRESS

Extensive Catalogue

-

Books on

North American Birds

JOHN H. SHERMAN, Jr.,
403 Seneca St.

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y.

| want one set each of the following, viz:
Z59a, 261, 264,
384, 474b, 474e, 486, 511b 1-6, I. TS, 612, 627a, 736a, 758a, 759b.
each of the following, viz:
160, 162a, 171la, 172a, 180, 222, 310b, 310c, 318, 339b 2-2, 466a, 536, 542b, 552,

ai? £67, sho LOZ. lige

1

wid, ae te

I want two sets

5932, 164, 615, 744, 768.

BOYS

Send '2¢" in stamps /orMa icopyeen

‘New Jersey Boy”

A Newspaper for Boys
All the News for All the Boys

Published on the Ist and 15th of
month. 2c Per Copy. 50c Par Year

5S CENTRAL AVENUE
Jersey City, N. J.

THE CONDOR.

A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Address:

Published Bi-monthly by the
Coop>r Ornithological Club of California

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘Bird Study”’ can easily un-
derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated
by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy JOc.

Address

W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eus. Manager,
Eagle Rock. Los Angeles, Cal.

A:O. U. Now 7,35; 43, 771, 82etee
286, 289a, 310%, 347, 247a, 351, 373b,
A, O./U. No.5, 26, 38, Let, tao
581d,

tor these I will allow twice Lattin’s 1905 exchange rates, and I have a very

uiusual exchange list to select from.

R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

THE OOLOGIST. .

BIRDS--NESTS--EGGS (

TAXIDERMY = Wong) user

fou, © XXIII, No.7; ALB LON IN: -Y.4&, Jie. l,1916; WHOLE NO, $48

BRIER SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS

Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 cents
for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent. No notice in-
serted for less than 25 cents.

TAKE - NOTICE. Entered as second-class matter De-
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR cember 21, 1908, at the post office at

your Oologist. It denotes the uae your of Mareh 3, 1879.

subscription expires. Remember we must

be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 348 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 341 your In answering advertisements in
Pte ateniione can be comma Ae these columns mention ‘The Oologisi,"
intermediate numbers at the rate of one and thereby help us, as well as the aad-
number per month. vertiser-and yourself.

————— ee
We will not advertise the skins, nests, eggs, or mounted specimens of
North American Birds for sale. These columns are for the use of those desiring
to make bona fide exchanges of Such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-
ses only.—EDITOR.
a
BIRDS

We are anxious at all times.to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list:of your
list of material and of your wants. We can
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
- Woodpecker. Passenger Pigeon. Scarlet Ibis.

Would like to exchange Pheasant Eggs Blue-headed Quail Dove, White and Gray
suitable for hatching, for Prairie Chicken or Gyrfaleons, Black-capped Vireo. Goiden

WANTED—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, II.

Ruff Grouse eggs, fresh and handles so they cheeked Warbler and soon. Writeus today.
will hatch. Would like to correspond with WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-
parties that can furnish these eggs. W. E. LISHMENT., Rochester, N. Y.

SURFACE, Decatur, Ill.

IT havea lot of fine duck skins with heads

’ 2 1 —
folded over the back which I will exchange ; Soe oe sr ee ad Se ping Seis
for skins of common small land birds. A.C, @NdG_ eggs, want bird skins American anc
BENT. Taunton. Mass foreign. send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 8ll

Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese, Eagles, Ducks,

Dey yt Yhipka aj 9] 2 ‘ a a = °
Prairie Chicken, Mountain Quail, 30b and WANTED. — Nests of North American
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox, a : eae =
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar, Bi ds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will
and other fish. Fresh skins,in meat or alive, appreciate list of what you have to exchange

wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals. or sell. LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on Lar a Cg aS 5 ab a :
cash. DEAN’S NAT. SCIENCE ESTAB- Webster St., Waco, Texas.

LISHMENT, Alliance, O, ——-

WILL EXCHANGE.— Several fine skins of FOR EXCHANGE—Good pair of the nearly

Phasianias torquatus Ring-necked Pheas- extirpated Piping Plover for a good skin
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species. adult male Mangrove Warbler. C. L. PHIL-

STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.,

Portland, Oregon LIPS. 5 West Weir St., Taunton, Mass.

18 aes

EGGS.

Im sending in your exchamuge notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerals in your exehange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

Oologist Tools and Supplies, Books and
Magazines of every description, Fishing
Rods and Tackle, Lists, quotations prompt
ly sent. BENJAMIN HOAG, “Sarfield, N.Y.

I am ain wanting lists of entire col-

lections of North American Birds’ Eggs

which the owners desire to dispose of. None

are too large and none are too small if they

Bone any material that I need. R. M.
ARNES, Lacon, Il.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this locality during the coming
season in exchange for desirable postage
stale: GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,

onn.

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples all kinds printing, Arts
& Crafts Exchange. J. J. IRZ, 1422-1424
Gwinnett St.. Augusta, Ga.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Coots, Florida
Galinules, Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns. Killdeers,etc. DELOS
HAtLCH, Oakfield. Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs.
prices write W.
Pa.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Nests and sets of 316.
339, 360, 373. 443. 488, 498 505, 513. 552. 593. 604 633,
703, 704, 735. RAMON GRAHA M, “Taxider-
mist.” 401 W. Leuda St,, Fort Worth, Mesxcn())

FOR EXCHANGE.—Complete sets of Nova
Scotia birds’ eggs for hammerless shot guns
or rifles, in good condition. Parker gun pre-
ferred. Write for my list and tell me what
you. Have. R. W.-TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova

cotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Full sets of 1, 3. 11, 16,
30, 32, 37, 49, 53, 65, 71, 77, 80, 108, 117. 120c, 121,
122, 126, 141, 155, 188, 191. 197, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214.
219, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 243, 261, 263, 264, 269, 275,
280, 243. 294, 329. 331, 333. 335. 337, 337b, 339, 339b,
341, 343, 348. 355, 359. 360, 3604, 362, 364, 365, 366,
367, 373, 375, 375d, 378. 385, 387, 388. 390. 406, 409,
414, 413, 416, 420. 423. 431. 444, 452, 456, 461, 466a,
467, 474b, 475, 477, 477a, 488, 494, 498, 501, 506, 513,
529, 540, 566, 584, 595, 598. 608, 611, 612, 613, 622, 627,
628, 631, 652, 656, 658, 659, 667, 674, 577, 679, 681, 683,
687, 704, 705, 713, 725, 735, 756, 761 and 766. OT-
TOMAR REINECKE, 400 Elm St., Dee

-p

WANTED.—To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140. 153, 192, 277, 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317, 318, 344. 352a and many others.
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
corected’ F. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,

riz

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719¢. ELTON PERRY 610 Baylor St.,
Austin, Texas.

For specifications and
UBER, Gwynedd Valley,

THE OOLOGIST

EGGS

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey tou exchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378. S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—273 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b 2-8
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 75la
2-4 and many others with gamall holes, for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. C. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
Cc. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36) Lincoln’ St.
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHA NGE-— 191 1-4, 299b, 1-11, 291 1-11
293a 1-12, 293 1-11, 310e 1-12. 326 1-2, 333 1-4. 337a
1-3, 335 1-3, 340 1-2, 341 1-3, 345 1-3, 368b 1-2, 373b
1-4, 416 1-2, 42) 1-2, 420c 1-2, 453 1-5, 487 1-5, 50la
1-5, 593c 1-3 1-4, 594 1-4, 630 n-4, 703 1-5, 717a 1-5
718b 1-5. 732 1-6, 736a n-6, and others. The
above all Al material, personally collected.
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—CHEAP and in good
condition, Stone and Crams American Ani-
mals, Blanchan’s Game Birds. Birds of Con-
necticut, Flora of Colorado, Coue’s Birds of
the Northwest, Michigan Birds Life. Chap-
man’s Handbook of Birds, Davies Nest and
Eggs and a number of other best books on
birds. Drop a postal to Kmerson Stoner,
432 38th St,, Oakland, California.

FOR EXCHANGE.—As I wish to increase
my collection to 900 A. O. U. species will offer
for new species in A 1 sets only, choice sets
from my private series including Loons,
Albatross, Anseres, Limicolas, Rapteres, in-
cluding Kites, Eagles, Gryfalcons, Falcons,
Owls, Goatsuckers, Warblers Kinglets. Also
a few others if you prefer. All answered.
Aj Hh. PRICE Grant Parke ll

BOOKS.

WANTED.—Back numbers of The Oologist:
Vol. II No. 2; Vol. 3 No, 4; Vol. LV No. 3; Vol.
XXXINo.1. R.M. BARNKS, Lacon, II.

WANTED.—Several copies of No. 7 of
Volume XXIV (July 1912) of the Oologist,
for which we will pay 25c each. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

WANTED.—No. 7 of Volume 29 of The
Oologist. For this we will give one year’s
subscription or pay 25c in cash M
GARNES, Lacon, Ill.

1'7 191
Ss & : ; 7
a
WarneeX XXII]. No.7. Aston, N. Y., Jovy 15, 1916. WHOLE No. 848

Owned and Published Month ly, by R. M . Barnes, y lbion, N. ig i and Lacon, Tl.

Photo Lieut. Francis B. Eastman, U. S. A., Ft. Sam Houston,
San Antonio, Texasc, June 1916.

124 THE OOLOGIST

A Soldier Ornithologist.

News From the Mexican Border.

That prince of bird men Lieut. Fran-
cis B. Eastman, U. S. A., sends us the
following note relative to the bird life
near Fort Sam Houston, Texas. It is
to be hoped that he returns without
misfortune and that before returning
he will give the readers of THE
OOLOGIST the benefit of many ob-
servations.

“There is a chapparel grove near my
camp which is simply alive with birds,
but the heat makes it hard to do any-
thing. The most common birds nest-
ing in the grove are the Mourning
Dove, Mockingbird, Cardinal, Verdin,
Nighthawk, and some kind of sparrow.
In two-thirds of the nests of the Spar-
row and Verdin are one or two white
eggs about the size and shape of the
Bank Swallow. Please don’t laugh at
my ignorance, but I am not very well
posted in Texas fauna, and my first
attempt to get acquainted resulted in
a good dose of chiggers, which most
ate me up.

“Tam going to try to save some sets
of the Verdin and also that sparrow,
and Scissor-tailed Flycatcher if I can
get some instruments. I saw a Road-
runner’s nest, too, in a cactus bush,
with four addled eggs. It was desert-
ed of course—I think because of a big
storm we had here about a week be-
fore.

“IT have only had two. evening
tramps in the brush, but hope to have
some more now that I have cured the
chigger bites. It is too hot to go out
in the afternoons and there is so much
going on in the evening that it is
hard to get out,—conferences, lectures,
calling, etc.”

A Late Letter Says.
On June 11th I went on a little ex-
pedition to a small lake some eight
miles west of here with a San Antonio

friend, and got a pretty good idea of
the local fauna. Mourning Doves and
Mocking Birds are everywhere. I have
noticed no less than twenty nests of
each with a few hundred yards of
camp, in the mesquite buhses. I have
never seen half that many anywhere
in so small an area. Cardinal Gros-
beaks, Curved-billed Thrashers, Ver-
dins, Black-throated Sparrows and
Night Hawks are also nesting plenti-
fully close to our camp. So you can
imagine the chorus we have every
morning and evening. Some of the
birds sing at all hours of the day and
night.

On our trip of June 11th the first
find was an Oriole’s nest with four
young, about 12 feet up in a mesquite

tree. A little further along we found
several Scissor-tailed Flycatchers’
nests. One had 5 fresh eggs, one 4

young and the others well incubated
eggs. All of these were in mesquite
trees from six to twelve feet up. At
our next stop we found a Cactus Wren
with 4 slightly incubated and a Black-
throated Sparrow with one egg, appar-
ently fresh that morning. While look-
ing for another nest in the chapparel,
we fiushed a Poor-will, which flut-
tered along the ground as if she was
just leaving her nest, but we could not
find it. We reached the lake about
10 o’clock and started out in a row
boat. The lake covers about fifteen
hundred acres—I would say roughly—
and contains numerous patches of saw
grass, cat-tail weeds and willow trees
growing in shallow places. Also a
few scattered trunks of dead trees.
Several pairs of Scissor-tailed Fly-
catcher and Tree Swallows were nest-
ing in these dead trees some distance
from shore. The Swallow had young.
Two of the Flycatchers nests had
young; the others eggs from fresh to
well advanced.

The weeds were alive with Coots,

THE OOLOGIST 125

Purple Gallinule, Red-winged Black-
birds, and Great-tailed Grackles. AlI-
so saw one Least Bittern, numerous
Green Herons and Black-crowned night
Herons which were nesting in willow
and mesquite trees, about six pairs
Pied-billed Grebe, several Ruddy
Ducks, one pair Yellow Legs, several
Killdeer, a flock of Black Terns (not
breeding), and a small colony of An-
hinga.

The following are some of the nests
noted on the lake and not mentioned
above:

Purple Gallinule—One with 5 fresh
eggs, several with from 1 to 3, and
about fifteen new but empty; perhaps
some of these were shams. Some were
in the willow swamp, but most of them
in the weeds. They were rather shal-
low platforms made by bending down
the grass and weaving it together.

Red-winged Blackbird and _ Great-
tailed Grackle—We found nests of
these two birds scattered all through
the weeds, the former being the most
numerous. Some were just commeiuc-
ing to lay, while many had already
hatched. A few had full sets of fresh
eges.

Pied-billed Grebe—One set of 6
slightly incubated.

Ahinga—Four new nests apparently
just completed, three with 1 egg each,
two with 2 eggs each, one with 3 eggs
and 1 Cuckoo, and one with 4 fresh.

The nests were large, but not bulky—-

compactly built of sticks and willow
leaves, lined with leaves and willow
down. They were placed in crotches
or on horizontal branches of trees
from four to ten feet above the water.

The Coots had not commenced nest-
ing.

On our way up from the boat, we
found a set of 4 fresh Mexican Crest-
ed Flycatchers, in a fence post. A set
of Golden-fronted Woodpecker was
taken from the same hole two weeks
before, F. B. Eastman.

Will Crispin and E. J. Darlington’s
Work.

Mr. EK. M. Kentworthy into whose
possession came the collection of E.
J. Darlington after his untimely death,
likewise the records and bird eggs of
both Darlington and Crispin, gives us
the following interesting information:

“T have added the sets and eggs
taken by each of these gentlemen
and find that between the years

1898 and 1915 Mr. Darlington col-

lected 298 sets, and 1031 eggs.

And that Mr. Crispin between 1892

and 1913 took 811 sets totalling

2686 eggs.”

These figures are interesting as
showing that both these collectors
were moderate in their methods.

MY LAST PIGEON HUNT.

It does not seem possible but it was
forty-six years ago last October, I was
out after Gray Squirrels and had no
idea of Pigeons, when I started up
some dozen pigeons on a side hill
where they were feasting on poke ber-
ries and sweet acorns. They had be-
come so scarce in Litchfield County,
Conn., where I was at the time that
finding them was a great surprise and
all got out of range before I could
shoot. They settled down about a half
mile and I started for them. They
were hot at all wild and I got quite
close to them and watched them feed
and play for some minutes for I like
to study every bird’s habits when I get
the chance. Finally hearing some one
else in the woods close by, they all
rose and as they flew over me I shot
just one, and such a beauty. I wish
they all lived once more; yet up to
that last bird I had done my share of
the killing. Several times later I could
have killed more of them and now I
am quite thankful I did not do so. Sup-
pose all hunters had done the same,
the birds, a few at least, would still
be with us. F. M. Carryl.

126 THE OOLOGIST

Pair Mounted Fiassenger Pigeons owned by Ottomar Reinecke,

rr rs ce re ee ae ee

Passenger Pigeon.
Ectopistes migratorus.
By Ottomar Reinecke.

The photo of the above Pigeons re-
calls recollections of their occurrence
in this section of the state. When
they flew in great swarms over the
City of Buffalo, the gunners went on
the flat roofs, and from the southeast
corner of Genesee and Oak streets,
quite a number were shot. A small
flock lit on the roof of a one-story
building on the northwest corner of
Michigan and Genesee streets. The
gunners went in large numbers in the
woods near Genesee and Fongerou
streets and shot a great many, mostly
on Sundays, and the following day,
Mr. Albert Liegele, our veteran brew-
er, who occupied the Brewery on Gen-
esee street, near the Tollgate, went
into the nearby woods and picked up
the Pigeons which were lying around
dead and wounded, and his employees
were glad to get such a dainty morsel
to eat.

The Buffalo Gunners had their shoot-

Buffalo, N. Y.

ing grounds out Main street, men like
Steve Roberts, Charles Gerber, Arthur
D. Bissell, Ed. Fish, George Newman
and others secured large crates fuil
ot live Wild Pigeons and it took some
very good shots with their muzzle-load-
ers. At that time we had no breech
loaders to bring down the birds, which
when released from the traps, flew
away like greased lightning.

At that time the Pigeons were in
such large flocks from one end of the
horizon to the other that they ob-
structed the rays of the sun.

From the Hudson Bay to the Gulf
of Mexico and from the Rocky Moun-
tains to the East coast, the Passenger
Pigeon inhabited all the states of —
North America.

As our great Ornithologist, Audubon,
said, it flies with great rapidity, from
300 to 400 miles in an hour, or much
over one mile in a minute, which has
been proven by the contents of her
stomach, which contained rice from
the fields of Georgia and the Carolinas
when shot near New York. He wrote
in the fall of 1813:

THE OOLOGIST 127

“As I travelled several miles be-
on the Ohio
river across the dry plains, I no-

low Hardenburgh

ticed a flock of Passenger Pigeons
that flew from northeast to south-
west. I was tempted to count the
flocks that passed the vision of
my eye in an hour. I madea spot
with a lead pencil on a piece of
paper,
that in twenty-four minutes I had
163 dots, but the masses increased
from there on and the sun was
darkened. I tried to shoot some
with my good rifle but they flew
so high that they were not within

but gave it up. I found

reach. It is estimated that this
flock contained 1,115,136,000
Pigeons, and as each one con-

sumes daily one-half pint of nour-

ishment, the whole flock needed

8,712,000 bushels daily.”

As a species this incredible multi-
tude has been ruthlessly extirpated
by netting and by professional plund-
ering of nests of the young. Near
breeding grounds hogs were fatted on
slaughtered pigeons. In New York
city squabs have been sold by the
barrel at a less price than potatoes.

In early September, 1891, I went
with a party to Town Line where a
buckwheat field surrounded by woods
was alive with a large flock of
Pigeons, and was fortunate to secure
the handsome photographed male, and
a week later my son Edward went to
Sherkston, Ontario, and secured the
other younger male. The upper parts
are of a rich, bluish slate color, back
and sides of the neck with metallic
olive-brown.

The American Audubon Society has
offered a reward of $3000 to the per-
son that can produce a verified state-
ment of a pair of Passenger Pigeons
in the territory of the United States.

Books Received.

D. APPLETON & COMPANY of
New York have just little
volume of 160 pages by Frank M. Chap-
entitled

Birds,” price 40c, which is a popular
presentation of the subject of migra-
tion as applied to certain birds there-
in referred to. It is an interesting lit-
tle volume illustrated by a nmber of
not very high class illustrations.
StS ERE ie See
To a Waterfowl.
Whither ’midst falling dew,
While glow the heavens with the
last steps of day,
Far, through their rosy depths, dost
thou pursue
Thy solitary way
Vainly the fowler’s eye
Might mark thy distant flight to do
thee wrong,
As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,
Thy figure floats along.
There is a power whose care
Teaches thy way along that pathless
coast—
The desert and illimitable air—
Lone wandering, but not lost.
All day thy wings have fanned,
At that far height, the cold, thin at-
mosphere.
Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome
land,
Though the dark night is near.
Thou’rt gone; the abyss of heaven
Hath swallowed up thy form; yet
on my heart
Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast
given,
And shall not soon depart.
He who, from zone to zone,
Guides through the boundless sky
thy certain flight,
In the long way that I must tread
alone
Will lead my steps aright.
—William Cullen Bryant.

issued a

man, “The Travels of the

128 THE OOLOGIST

European War and the Birds.

Major Nicolls of the British Army
has long been an ardent student of or-
nithology and collector of oological
specimens. For many years he was
located on the Bermuda Islands, and
has been a reader of THE OOLOGIST
far a long, long time. Our readers
will be under obligations to him for
the following:

“You asked me sometime ago if
I would relate my bird experience at
the Front: I’m afraid the part of the
Front I was on (Loos) was far too
noisy for any birds. There wasn’t one
to be seen anywhere; in fact, near the
firing line there was no animal vis-
ible at all; that was a most curious
effect. If one were to stand on any
elevated place (out of bullet range!)
and look over the trench region which
was all in the plain, not one single
living thing could be seen, and yet of
course one knew that the ground one
was looking at held simply tens of
thousands. It made one feel very
queer. The only bird I saw near the
firing line was dead, and the sight
was rather pathetic. In a small vil-
lage where, like nearly all other small
villages, every single house is a shape-
less ruin, in one house which had no
roof, and in fact only had two rooms
left, one over the other, and two walls,
in the top room were two rather pa-
thetic articles: a baby’s bassinette and
a little cage lying on its side with a
dead canary in it. One of course
couldn’t get at the room as there was
no ladder at hand, and staircase and
everything else had as usual, been
blown away, so I turned my field
glasses on to see what kind of bird
the poor little mite had been.

“The only experience I had in the
oological line was that a large box of
eggs from Salt Lake City (sent by Dr.
D. Moore Lindsey) reached me in my
Billet which was a ruined farm. They

seemed rather incongruous in such
surroundings, and I had to bring them
back when I came home on promotion.

“Tam expected to be sent out again
pretty shortly now, and if I should
happen to come across any bird life
I will of course note down data; but
I’m afraid I am not likely to see any-
thing. There is far too much “fright-
fulness” in every direction for any
bipeds except the featherless ones!!!

“Oliver C. M. Nicolls,
“Major R. GaAs
ee es er
From British Guiana.

A letter from Paul G. Howes, who
is at the Tropical Research Station of
the New York Zoological Society at
Kalacoon, Mazaruni River, British
Guiana, , under date of June 5th, gives
us among other things, the following:

“We are situated on top of a hill
overlooking this beautiful, mile wide
river, which is dotted with islands
grown with beautiful tropical foliage.
At our back door lies the virgin jun-
gle, and by walking six miles we can
be in forest that probably no white
man has ever visited.

Hunting is superb and we live al-
most entirely on game, including deer,
currasow, tinamou, partridge, pigeon,
agonti, monkey, laba, and tapir. Often
while hunting, we run across an Indian
hunter, naked except for his little
scarlet band about the waist. His skin
is the most beautiful copper color, and
to see him moving noiselessly under
the forest giants among the tangle of
lianos and jungle vegetation, bow and
arrows ready, it is a sight that leaves
a deep impression and makes one glad
to be alive.

“We have had tremendous success
in our ornithological work. I have se-
cured over 250 perfect, 5x7 photo-
graphs of birds, nests, eggs, animals,
vegetation and insects in all phases of
their life, and the studies made by

THE OOLOGIST 129

Beebe and Hartley of South American
birds will prove of great value.

“T had the honor of securing the
first authentic set of eggs of Toucan,
together with the first photos of young
Trumpeter, and a full series of Hoat-
zin, Showing the reptilian characters
of the young in detail. I have twelve
photos showing day old Hoatzin craw-
ling about among the branches with
the ease of a lizard; also old birds on
nest, eggs, etc.

“We have sent a fine collection of
animals, birds and reptiles to the
park, including Bushmaster, Boa, Fer
de Lance, monkeys, Laba, Sloth, Ant-
eater, Haka Tiger, small rodents, frogs,
lizards, toads, parrots, vultures, a host
of small birds and above all, a live
Cock of the Rock in perfect condition.
This, I believe, will be the first live
bird of this species ever to be shown
m The United Sattes.

‘IT am working in intensive entolmoi-
sZy, working out the life histories of
South American Wasps, and the siz
nificance of their behavior and illus-
trating my work with photos and col-
SEepiates, charts, maps, ete. This
seems to us the best way to show the
importance of our new found field in
Guiana.

“One interesting event of the trip
was a visit from Theodore Roosevelt,
who is a close personal friend of Mr.
Beebe. He spent two days with us
at Kalacoon, hunted and tramped with
us and made us all love him the more.

“Would that I could give you full de-
tails of all the above, but of course,
we are reserving all of the “big stuff”
for the Society, who will publish our
work, and to whom we are all under
obligations.

“With best wishes and regards to
you and THE OOLOGIST,

“P. G. Howes.”
Soe a
A Strange Experience.
On April 23, 1916, I found a nest of a

Cooper Hawk fifty feet up in a maple.
The tree stood at the edge of a small
slough in a comparatively dense
woods. The nest bore the appearance
of having been recently completed. On
April 30th I again climbed to the nest
hoping to find a full set of eggs but
I was disappointed as the
empty.

On May 7th, when I visited the nest
I found one plain bluish-white egg. Ex-
actly one week later I climbed the
tree, confidently expecting to see a
full clutch of eggs in the nest. But
I was thoroughly disapopinted and sur-
prised to see the same egg, dirtier
than when I first saw it, lying in the
bottom of the nest. By this time I
was becoming disgusted with the
hawks and finally concluded that there
was no hope of my securing a full set
of eggs, so I did not return to the
nest.

This is the first time that I ever
heard of any species of hawk laying
only one egg. It has never been my
experience at least, and of all ac-
counts of the nestings of the various
species of hawks, which I have read,
not a single one contained anything
of a similar character. Perhaps some
one has had such an experience, if so,
I would like very much to hear of it.

Ralph R. Wilson.
Jonesburg, Missouri.
ee ie a
J. Claire Wood.

J. Claire Wood was born at Salina,
Michigan, July 27, 1871, and died at
his home at Detroit, Michigan, June
16, 1916. By his death the oological
and ornithological fraternity of the
United States loses one of their
brightest and most beloved members.
He was widely, well and’ favorably
known throughout the length and
breadth of this land as a careful, ac-
curate observer and _ conscientious
collector. And no man sent specimens

nest was

130

into circulation which were held in
higher esteem by the real scientists of
the country.

Mr. Wood
preparation and his datas were with-

out question works of real art. We
have a number of such in our personal
collection upon which hours must have
been spent in decorating them with
the pen. It is a sorrow to know that
we must sometime part with such as
he whom we hold as friends.

In the fall of 1884, already being in-
terested in natural history and already
having started a boy’s collection of
birds’ eggs, he answered an advertise-
ment by Frank H. Lattin of Albion,
New York, who then was advertising
birds eggs for sale, and who then was
publishing the first year of THE
OOLOGIST, then called the “Young
Oologist.” From the date of the re-
ceipt by Mr. Wood of an answer to
that letter, the end blown eggs so
far as he was concerned, were dis-
carded, and he started to build up a
collection scientifically arranged and
prepared. At one time this reached
the aggregate of something like 8,000
specimens. Later a large part of it
was disposed of.

In business, Mr. Wood was a Ssur-
veyor by profession, and he was a
bird man by natural inclination. A
large number of the contributions from
his pen appeared from time to time in
THE OOLOGIST, and it is a pleasure
to be able to present in this issue the
last contribution made to the col-
umns of the little journal that he read
and loved so long, with this notice of
his going into an unknown beyond.

The following poetic contribution
was only recently received from Mr.
Wood, and is without doubt the last
penned by him for publication any-
where, which gives it a sentimental
vaiue in addition to its literary merit.

was unexcelled in his

THE OOLOGIST

The Egg Crank’s View of Spring.
(J. Claire Wood.)
And now comes the spring poet
A loaded up with verse,
That sets some people wishing
He was planted in a hearse:
But a fellow can take his pencil,
And escape the charge of crime,
When he can not write poetry—
Just ordinary rhyme.
But we admire the spring poet,
And know just how he feels,
And can not believe what people tell us
About his head chucked full of
wheels;
For if he’s gone plumb crazy,
We should feel most mighty blte,
For then, to a dead certainty
We've gone plumb crazy too.
For everywhere about us
We see the signs of spring
A new warmth in the sunshine
And the wild geese on the wing;
And from the corn stalk stubble
Comes the whistle of the quail,
And a bluebird is a warbling
From his perch upon a rail.
And from the distant woodlands
Comes the partridge’s muffled drum
And about the sunlit place
The bees begin to hum
And we see the gentle farmer
with a gun upon his back,
And hear him jawing at the crows,
And the crows a jawing back
But it is the wary Red-tail
Away up in the sky
That sets our pulse a throbbing
As we hear his well known cry
For it brings a flood of memories
Of times down in the woods
When we went and sort of borrowed
His stock of household goods
Say boys! get out your egg tools
And blow off the winter dust
And sharpen up the climbers
And polish off the rust
For the hawks are all a breeding
Just where they did last year

THE OOLOGIST 181

And the noise that they are making
Is a pleasure to the ear.
Of all the egging season
Reaching away up to the fall
The hunting of the Hawk’s eggs
Is purely best of all
And we'll keep right on’a taking
Some dozen sets or so
And ’a minding our own business
Even if some people blow
For they know not the sweet pleasure
That swells up in our breast
At the mere sight of a hawk’s tail
A protruding from the nest
Or when she leaps into the air
And we see her on the wing
How it sets our hearts a thumping like
Well, just like everything
And they tell us that we’ll never
Get beyond the golden gate
That for villains of our stamp
Is reserved another fate
But we keep right on expecting
A harp of sweetest tone
And a sort of privileged station
Right up next to the throne
But if what people say is true
And in punishment for our crime
We'll enjoy a balmy climate
Through all eternal time
The prospect is a pleasure
And not a grim despair
For Wilson, Cones and Audubon
And such like will be there
And the editor of the Oologist
And egg cranks by the score
And times will be lively
And no one’ll be a bore
And for a further comfort
Just let us state the fact
That if heaven admits only
Those who keep the narrow track
She is doomed to remain forever
A vast solitary space
Say Boys! we’ll have for company
The entire human race.
Par ee
Spotted Eggs of the Robin.
Near a grove of fine trees in the

Northern part of the town of Stone-
ham, Mass., there stands the remains
of an old, low building, now deserted
but probably at some former time used
to keep pigs in.

During the winter I had found an
old nest of the Phoebe on one of the
rafters inside this structure so I oc-
casionally looked in there during the
early part of May, 1916, to see if
the Phoebe had returned. But no
signs of a new nest were visible and
I gave up all hope of discovering any-
thing of interest there this season.

As I happened to be passing the
end of this building on May 27th I was
startled by the loud cry of a Robin
as she flushed from a nest situated on
a beam about eight feet from the
ground. As I glanced in I saw a lot
of new nests on the beams which sup-
ported the rafters of the building, and
I became curious to find out why so
many nests had been constructed
there, for an actual count revealed the
fact that there were no less than four--
teen built, new ones, all of them un-
questionably the work of Robins. The
nest from which the bird had flushed
contained three eggs which were roll-
ing around on a bare spot on the wood,
with a very poorly arranged fringe of
straws to keep them from rolling off
the beam entirely.

All the nests proved to be of the
same style of architecture and were
undoubtedly the work of the same
birds which for some reason could not
make a nest worthy of the name.

After looking over all the other
nests I stepped up on a plank so that
I could see more plainly into the one
where the eggs were and I was very
much surprised to find that two of the
eggs were plainly and profusely spot-
ted with pale brown, while the third
one appeared to be normal in color,
but on closer examination a few very
small spots were noticed on this egg
also.

132 THE OOLOGIST

I visited this nest again May 30th
and found it deserted. I think that
after building so many nests and leav-
ing them as unsuitable to lay eggs in,

the bird finally decided that the one
she had used was unfit to rear a fam-
ily in and she had probably started
again somewhere else.

I never saw but one other set of the
Robin which contained spotted eggs,
and that was a set of four which i
found about twenty years ago. I re-
member very distinctly that three of
them were decidedly spotted and the
fourth was a plain blue one. I be
lieve these spotted eggs of the Robin
are are very unusual here in eastern
Massachusetts.

Horace O. Green.
Wakefield, Mass.

a
Stratton and Bluff Islands.
The Tern Colony

All along the rocky coast of Maine
the scenery is very pretty. The heavy
surf, from an ever rough sea, is hurled
up over immense boulders and churn-
ed into foam in ever so many places.
The dark spruce and other similar
trees cn the mainland, ané on many
of the islands, are very notic2abie.

There are many bays along the
coast wherein are located a great num-
ber of islands, some, just small barren
ledges, some low, grassy ones and
cthers large and wooded. Casea Bay
alone has 3865,—one for every day in
the year,—and two of them lying close
together are Stratton and Bluff. They
are about two and one-half miles out
from Prouts Neck which is a part of
Cape Elizabeth, Maine,

Strattons is a low, grassy island and
has a dairy farm on it. Bluff is much
smaller, very rocky, and uninhabited.
On them a colony of over one thous-
and pair of Tern breed; the greater
part of them are the Common Tern;

the smaller, the Arctic. In most of
the Maine colonies, the Common spe-
cies will be found in much the greater
numbers. They arrive at these is-
lands in spring about May 15th and
depart about September 15th. These
dates seem to prevail on most of the
islands and were obtained from the
keepers, who, also said that the Terns
always came in the night and departed
in the night. They are very noisy
when they arrive at their breeding
places and at Strattons, the man in
charge of the Jordon Dairy, said he
was always awakened the night they
came by their loud cries.

It seems as though they must be
guided in migration by light houses
for they appear to prefer to live on
some island where there is a light
house or nearby. At night the great
light on Cape Elizabeth may be plainly
seen and these are the two nearest
islands. Farther along up the ccast
this feature is noticeable and the big
colony that breed on Matinicus Rock
will refer to in other notes. Visitors
are allowed on Strattons, your name is
requested and of course no firearms
are allowed.

It was a wonderful sight to me, when
I first visited an island where a large
colony were breeding and even now,
after seeing many of them, enjoy it
and make them a call if I have time.

They seem so pretty, so active, and
so different from our inland birds. lit
is very interesting to watch a Tern
covering her eggs in the pebbly shin-
gle, with the hot sun shining down on
her—(not leaving the incubating to
the sun, as some have stated by the
way )—and note the pretty little things
she does. One thing they seem to like
‘o do is to draw their bill through
ne shingle like a person would in mak-
ing, marks with a stick. You can get
yvithin twenty feet of them by being
careful. How much time they put in

133

THE OOLOGIST

Nest of Bald Eagle on Susquehanna River, Pa., Feb., 1914.

Dickey

a

—Photo by S.

1384 THE OOLOGIST

incubating, I cannot say, but noticed
particularly that in many such sets
the eggs were well advanced in incu-
bation and that it was not a case of
filing out the set.

Although, these two species are rat-
ed as common, they are very interest-
ing, and it is very fascinating to look
over a large number of their eggs, to
nete the variations. Sets may be
found having the very deepest ground
color up to an almost white, and with
different sized blotches and markings.
Most sets contain but two or three
eggs, larger sets of either species are
rare in Maine Colonies. Here there
are three distinct ways in which they
place their eggs: First, on Bluff,
where the landscape is rocky, the eggs
are placed on the bare rocks. No nest
is made; next on one end of Stratton,
which is covered with a pebbly shin-
gle, sometimes a slight depression is
made to receive the eggs. The third
way, is in the beach grass and wild
pea, that grows back from the stony
shingle. Here many nests are seen,
substantially, though loosely made of
dry grass and some hold together when
taken up. Others have just a rim of
grass around the eggs and resemble
a straw hat minus the crown.

Terns are always much annoyed
when anybody walks about where their
eggs are. They resemble a swarm of
bees as they fly about over your head
and many dart down at you and come
pretty close to your head sometimes.
Their continuous cries gets on your
nerves after the novelty of the sight
wears away for it is a noisy repeated
chir-r-r-r and tear-r-r-r. After they get
quieted down and return to their eggs
you are able to identify the two spe-
cies apart, by their eggs alone you
cannot.

By June 10th the majority of sets
are complete, but some of the birds
from different causes lay earlier and

some later so that during the whole
month of June and even into July, eggs
may be found.

Young Terns are peculiar speckled
little fellows when they first leave the
shell and seem able to run about in
a short time. They have all the agil-
ity of young Sandpipers in hiding
when in danger.

The rest of the bird population of
these islands are several pairs of Red-
winged Blackbirds and Spotted Sand-
pipers with one or two pair each of
Song and Savanna Sparrows.

Roscoe I. Giles.
aera sa a eS os |
Spraying and Killing Birds.

An imaginary story from some Sen-
timental Bird Lover has been pub-
lished as a fact.

Sometime ago there appeared in var-
ious papers a statement from some
bird lover in which the poisoning of
birds by spraying with poisonous com-
pounds was declared to be ‘‘something
awful” and that cats were killed from
eating the poisoned birds. Consider-
able interest was created by this
statement, especially among _ fruit-
growers who, of all persons, should
be and are awake to the importance of
protecting birds which eat insects that
injure the trees or fruit and while
this poisoning scare would be wel-
comed as a truth in some localities
where the English Sparrows are plen-
tiful, it has transpired that there is ab-
solutely no truth in the statement.
One fruit-grower who sprays his own
trees and largely his neighbors’, says
that he has never noticed any dead
birds under the trees after spraying,
and besides as it has been estimated
that a man must eat about three bar-
rels of apples which have been sprayed
with arsenate of lead, in order to make
himself sick, he can hardly believe
in the bird poisoning story.

In California where clean cultiva-

THE OOLOGIST 185

tion is practiced during the summer
months, and at the time much of the
spraying with poisonous mixtures is
done, any killing of birds would be
readily detected, but no reports of
dead birds as a result of spraying
the trees has ever been made from the
large apple districts where most of the
arsenate of lead is done. In orchards
where corn crops are grown or where
the natural growth of alfalfa, brown
clover, wild oats, etc., is allowed to
get its growth before plowing, the
forage is often mowed as wanted, and
fed to the stock regardless of the fact
that the evidence of arsenate of lead
spray is visible. If any bad effects
have ever appeared among the farm
animals, they have not been made pub-
lic. So it appears that in this case at
least some over zealous and _ senti-
mental bird lover has started a story
whieh has been evolved from pure
imagination and with no foundation in
fact. W. A. Strong.
San Jose, Cal.
a ee
The Chimney Swift.
By Earle Moffett, Marshall, Tex.
The Chimney Swift, or, as it is prob-
ably better known, among the people
of the South as the Chimney “Sweep-
er” or Chimney “Swallow,” is a sooty,
brownish black bird, measuring about
514% inches long, and has long, pointed
wings, which is characteristic of the
Swift family. Instead of the tail feath-
ers being rounded, as in the case of
most birds, they taper to a point, or
in other words, the feathers are slight-
ly rounded, with the main stem of the
feather protruding about 1-8th of an
inch from the end. This acts as a
prop, which enables them to stick to
the sides of the chimney. It serves
them much in the same way that
climbers serve a telephone lineman.
These birds build a nest which looks
very much like a beautiful little bas-

ket, being semi-circular in shape and
made of small dead twigs, nearly
about 2 inches long and held together
and to sides of chimney with a glutin-
ous saliva, which flows from the birds
mouth.

When the glue dries and hardens, it
becomes so firm that when the nest is
pulled loose from the wall of the
chimney, pieces of mortar and hard
soot to which it is fastened often ad-
hers to the structure. The nest is
placed down the chimney usually about
9 feet. Most of the nests I have found
were placed on the east wall of the
chimney.

I have never seen the Chimney
Swift light on a limb, chimney, twig
or anything else; but it catches its
food while on the wing, which con-
sists mainly of insects, and wtll come
glidding down over the surface of a
lake or pond like an aeropiane, mak-
ing a landing, and at the same time
will have his mouth slight!r open,
keeping about 2 or 3 feet over the
water. Then suddenly he will barely
hit the water and scoop uf enough
water to quench his thirst. Sometimes
they will miss getting the water, and
then will go back and make another
attempt. They also colleet twigs for
the nest on the wimg. In flying by the
dead tops of trees, the bird will pause
a few seconds in the air, (the same as
Hummingbird) so as to break a little
twig off with its bill. Often he will
miss the twig and circle around and
try it again, keeping this up until he
succeeds in breaking the twig off.

The Chimney Swift begins to lay
the first week in June. Now about
collecting their eggs and nest, it is
merely a gambling game after all. I
collect about five sets out of every
ten that I try for. The best way I
know of to get them, is to get a long
pole, say about 18 feet long; find a
cigar box and tack a piece of tin on

136 THE OOLOGIST

the front side of the box, protruding
over the tip edge about 2 inches, nail
the box on the back, or, opposite side
to the pole, load bottom of box with
cotton, lower it down past nest, then
come up slowly, keeping the tin side
close to side of chimney. First thing
you know it feels like you have struck
a snag, but you have struck the nest.
Right here is where a queer “shakey”
feeling comes over you, fear some of
the eggs have slipped between the tin
and the chimney. But when you pull
up the box and find out you have got
the full set without breaking any, just
consider yourself lucky. But, in the
long run you will find out you are
gambling, when it comes to getting a
full set, without breaking two or three
of them.

Chimney Swifts may be seen on a
bright sunny day (early in the morn-
ing or more so, late in the evening)
flying very high over the city in search
of insects, performing their wonderful
aeronautical feats and uttering their
unmusical twittering. But, on a dark,
cloudy evening, when the black clouds
are hanging low, they can be seen
skimming low over back yards, and
grassy pastures, in the act of catching
the insects, but they give forth lit-
tle twittering, if any, when flying low
on a day of this kind.

The Chimney is a very common bird
around Marshall, and I have seen dur-
ing the mating season, aS many as
eight or ten hundred go to roost in
the Court House chimney at one time,
which would take an hour and a half
for all of them to file in. The reason
it takes so long for them to get in the
chimney is that sometimes they don’t
get quite high enough over the top of
the chimney, or some of the other
birds get in their way, therefore they
are often compelled to circle around
and make another attempt at it, some-
times as many as four or five times.

To see these birds going to roosi,
would remind one of the contents of
a huge funnel circling around and
around, occasionally a few drops drop-
ping down the spout. They will fly
around in this manner until all suc-
ceed in gaining entrance into the
chimney, which is rarely accomplished
before dark.

os a a ee
Abundance of Sturnella Magna in
Northern New Jersey During the
Present Winter, 1915-16.

On eight different dates since De-
cember 15, 1915, the writer has found
an unusual number of Meadowlark:
present in several sections of the
northern half of New Jersey.

On December Ld5th at Wayne, Morris
County, near the powder works, a
flock of twenty-four were observed
feeding in the adjacent fields.

On December 2ist, a flock of ten
were observed near Butier, Morris
County.

On the 25th, while meking the cen-
sus for Christmas day, found three at
Pompton Plains, Mors’; County, near
the canal feeder.

On Janzary ist, five were observed
at Hawthorne, Passai: County in the
fields adjacent to Passaic River.

On the 4th, on Nswark Meadows,
Hudson County, near the Hackensack
River, 2 ficck of forty were observed
roving about.

On the 16th, seven observed at
Great Notch, Passaic County.

On the 22d, fourteen including a
partly albino male, were observed at
Midvale, Passaic County during the
early morning.

And on the 24th, four were observed
at Lincoln Park, Morris County, in
the open fields near the railroad.

The above records constitute the
most abundant year that I have ever
experienced during my experience as
an observer.

L. S. Kohler.

THE OOLOGIST 137

Notes From Camp Graham at Lake
Worth, Nine Miles Northwest
of Ft. Worth, Texas.
By Ramon Graham.

March 5, 1916. Ducks are plentiful,
observed many, Green Winged Teal,
Canvas BaBck and Widgeons on this
date.

March 7,1916. Not many Pied-billed
Grebes, observed one on this date and

have noticed one at several other
dates.
March 9, 1916. Eight Geese ob-

served fiying north, too high to iden-
tify.

March 12, 1916. Six Black Crowned
Herons, have noticed a few since this
date.

Earl
Owl.
Hawk.

March 13, 1916. Found Carolina
Wren making herself at home in my
tent.

March 15, 1916. Observed 1 Wilson
Snipe and have noted a few since this
date.

March 19, 1916. Observed 4 Goid-
finch, have not seen any since.

March 24, 1916: Caught 2 flying
Squirrels near Camps; found Screech
Owl nesting in hollow tree 100 feet
from Camps.

March 27, 1916. Observed 4 Spot-
ted Sandpiper, 1 Greater Yellow Legs
Snipe, 1 Green Heron.

March 28, 1916. Observed Sand Hill
Cranes and Geese.

April 9, 1916. Made an unusual
find for this locality. It was the nest
of a Red-bellied Woodpecker and was
the first I ever found nesting here.
Nest in dead stub out in water 4 feet
up, hole 10 inches deep, bird tame,
pulled male bird out of hole, 4 fresh
eggs were found, also 1-2 Red-should-
ered Hawk.

mprit- 11, 1916.
Chickadee nesting

Moffat collected 1-3 Barred
I collected 1-3 Red Shouldered

Found Carolina
in natural cavity

in Live Oak tree. This is unusual
around here as they usually nest in
pecked out holes in dead trees.

Found nest and young of Southern
Downey Woodpecker, few of
these birds breed here.

April 12, 1916. Turkey Vultures are
scarce around the lake, 1 set of 2 eggs
collected on this date.

April 16, 1916. Tufted fitiiouse
found nesting in small “lm five feet
up. Hollow, 5 inches wide and I foot
deep facing the sky. Exposed tc any
kind of weather. Nest of hair 2nd
snake skin with a little moss, contain-
ing 6 well incubated eggs; birds were
shy at first, but became very tame
atter they found out we were not go-
ing to get the eggs. This was an un-
usual nesting site. Around here they
usually nest in natural cavities pro-
tected from the weather.

April 21, 1916. Noticed the arrival
of Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.

April 24, 1916. Noticed the arrival
of Night Hawks.

April 25, 1916. Many Laughing and
Herring Gulls around the lake.

May 1, 1916. Observed hundreds of
Cliff Swallows flying around and over
the lake.

May 13, 1916. (Lark Sparrow V. S.
Cow Bird). Found nest of 3 Lark,
Sparrows with 2 Cowbirds eggs. The
Lark Sparrow got the best of old lady
Cowbird by one egg which made 2
full nest.

The Road Runner is holding out pre-
ty well. Mr. Harl Moffett has col-
lected two sets while at my camp.

American Coots. Coots have been
plentiful on the lake from November
up to April and quite a few are still
here. Mr. A. L. Hartshorn, Game
Warden of the Lake, fined a man
$22.50 the other day for killing a Coou.
The man said he thought it was a
flying fish as it fled and swimmed all
the same and could waik ou the water,

very

138 THE OOLOGIST

Young Red-headed Woodpeckers, July 28, 1912
-—Photo by Thos. D. Burleigh.

THE OOLOGIST . 139

Horneu and Barred Owls nave been
scarce this year on account of the
hunters killing them during tie: win-
ter.

The Screech and Barn Owls are as
plentiful as ever. They are in every
hollow not in use.

American Osprey. One bird obsery-
ed this year. Am still at the lake and
will be all summer so all the bird lov-
ers are welcome.

_ Sae
Characteristics of the Quail.

The natural food of the Quail con-
sists of the seeds of the vast number
of plants known as weeds, with a lit-
tle foliage of the same, especially ‘a
the winter when the leaves are young
and tender. Considering how small is
the amount of fruit usually found in
the stomach of this bird, it is a sur-
prise to learn that it sometimes does
serious damage to vineyards. Inves-
tigation, however, shows that, as in
most other similar cases, the injury
results only when too many birds
gather in a limited area. Nearly all
the complaints against the Quail for
eating fruit are that it visits vine-
yard in immense numbers and eats
grapes. When thousands visit a vine-
yard, even if only occasionally, and
each bird eats or spoils at least one
grape, the result is disastrous. In the
writer’s interviews with California
fruit growers, only one mentioned the
Quail as harmful. His ranch was sit-
uated along the hills on the side of
a narrow valley, adjacent to wild graz-
ing land with much chaparrel and for-
est, among which the Quail lived. In
this case the annual loss was estimat-
ed at two or three tons of grapes.

In the laboratory investiagtion of
the food of these Quail, six hundred
nineteen stomachs were examined. An-
imal food, principally insects, amount-
ed to three per cent. of the food and
ninety-seven per cent. vegetable food

The latter consists of seeds of plants,
most of which are noxious or trou-
blesome species. Ants appear to be a
favorite food, but the Quail will eat
caterpillars, beetles, grasshoppers,
flies, spiders, snails and scale insects.
In this connection the following ex-
tract, trom ..a:. letter from Dr. W. G.
Chambers of Los Angeles, is interest-
ing:

“Last May during the hatching sea-
son one of my female Quail died a
week prior to completing the hatch.
An incandescent light of eight candle
power was substituted, the result being
fifteen baby Quail, very wild at first,
not understanding human _ souls or
language, but finally becoming as do-
cile as pet chickens. They were rais-
ed in my back yard, running at large
after the first week. A number of
Marguerite bushes which grew in pro-
fusion in the yard were so infested
with black scale that I had decided
to uproot them and had postponed do-
ing so as the Little Quail worked so
persistently among the branches. Up-
on investigation I discovered them
eating the scale, and twittering hap-
pily; they would swallow the fully de-
veloped scale and thoroughly clean
the branches of all those undeveloped.

From numerous experiments and
careful analysis of the food of the
California Quail it is apparent that
under normal conditions the farmer
and fruit grower have nothing to fear
from its ravages. When, however,
large areas of chaparrel are cleared
and brought under cultivation it is nat-
ural that the products of garden and
vineyard should be eaten to a greater
or less extent by Quail, which abound
in such localities. On the other hand,
its seed-eating record is in its favor.
Usually there is little difficulty in get-
ting rid of superfluous game birds; in
fact, in most cases the trouble is to
prevent their extermination. A _ bird

140 THE OOLOGIST

so large, so easily trapped, so valuable
for food, and withal one whose pur-
suit affords such excellent sport as the
Valley Quail, will rarely became num-
erous enough to do serious damage,
and then only locally and under unus-
ual conditions.
W. A. Strong.
San Jose, Cal.
fee ce
Red Breasted Nuthatch.

Passing through Massachusetts in
their spring migration in large num-
bers very few of these small Nut-
hatches stop here to breed.

In his book, “Birds of New England,
(1857)”, Mr. EH. A. Samuels stated that
he knew but one nest being found in
this state up to that time. Others,
writing, continue to mention it as
a rare breeding bird here.

I have had the good fortune to find
it breeding locally in a few places but
still consider it rare, although not
quite so much so as in Mr. Samuel’s
day. Quite a number of the birds he
found to be rare, have since become
fairly common (with decidedly so) and
with others it has been the reverse.

The Red Breasted Nuthatch is a
bird of the Canadian fauna and may
be found in Maine, from Knox County,
northward. I have found it nesting
fairly common in the woods along the
coast where its choice of a nesting site
and materials used are different from
those in Massachusetts.

Throughout nearly the entire year
a few of these little birds may be seen
~here in their favorite localities—dense
pine woods on the higher land, sel-
dom in the low, swampy country.
Whether or not they are the same
birds that remain to breed here, or go
north to breed and others come in mi-
gration to take their places, I am un-
able to say. We generally have a
month or so of very severe winter
weather soon after the first of January

and think these Nuthatches go a little
south of here during that period for
seldom is one seen then, but when or-
dinary winter weather prevails they

re-appear.

Ever looking for food, their sharpe
notes of yauk or auk (which ever way
you think it sounds to you) may be
heard long before their little sombre
colored bodies can be seen itching
up or down some larger tree trunk.
The course bark on the tree covering
the hiding places of their food of in-
sects, eggs, etc.

The few places I have found them
breeding here have been somewhat
similar. High ledgery ground, covered
with a dense growth of trees, mainly
pine but with a few populars growing
in the scant soil on the top of the
ledges. Some of these populars live
long enough to attain a diameter of
six inches or so and then die. When
the wood has decayed enough to be
punky it is then suitable for the lit-
tle Red Breasted. The hole they make
is very similar to a Downy Woodpeck-
er, although the entrance is a trifie
smaller. From four to twenty feet
up were the heights selected. The
foundation for the nest is about a
handful of pine needles, then a loosely
constructed nest of fine, dry grass and
bark strippings. The eggs in a set
vary from four to seven and are white
with reddish dots. In some sets these
dots may form a wreath about the
larger end, in others may be scattered
over much of the surface; resembling
the eggs of the Chickadee and are
about the same size.

The peculiar custom of smearing
pine pitch on the outside bark directly
under the entrance to nest and down-
ward over a space perhaps two inches
wide by six inches long is always fol-
lowed but the reason for it, I do not
know.

The female is the most concerned

THE OOLOGIST 141

when you are near the nest and lingers
nearby while the male selects a tree
a little farther away but interrupts
his feeding now and then to look you
over and to utter a few encouraging
notes to his mate. They nest here
about May 10th and when disturbed
lay a second set but think one brood
a season is what they intend to raise.

The last nest I found of the little
Red Breasted she had for neighbors,
a Ruffed Grouse, who had scratched a
few leaves together for her nest that
contained thirteen eggs at the foot of
a big pine,—a Phoebe had placed her
nest, that had five eggs, under a shelv-
ing bit of the ledge and in a little ten
foot pine, six foot up, a Blue-headed
Vireo had made a nest and layed two
eggs. Making in all a very interesting
group of bird-life.

Roscoe I. Giles.
Marlborough, Mass.
_
Wasago Beach, Ontario.

The following is a day’s observa-
tion at Wasago Beach, Ontario, July
24, 1915:
nO.U.

51 Herring Gull, common.

65 Caspian Tern, few.

70 Common Tern, common.

77 Black Tern, fairly common.

133 Black Duck, one brood.

194 Great Blue Heron, one.

263 Spotted Sandpiper, fairly com-
mon.

273 Killdeer, fairly common.

500a (Can.) Ruffed Grouse, three.

316 Mourning Dove, one.

390 Belted Kingfisher, Common.

394. N. Downey Woodpecker,
young.

406 Red-Headed Woodpecker, one.

412a N. Flicker, common.

417 Whip-poor-will, one ,severail heard
in evening).

420 Nighthawk, common.

423 Chimney Swift, three.

five

428 Ruby Throated Humming Bird,
one.
444 Kingbird, common.
456 Phoebe, common.
461 Wood Pewee, fairly common.
474b Prairie Horned Lark, few.
477 Blue Jay, five.
488 American Crow, common.
494 Bobolink, one.
501 Meadowlark, three.
511b Bronzed Grackle, common.
529 American Goldfinch, common.
540 Vesper Sparrow, common.
558 White-throated Sparrow,
(several heard).
560 Chipping Sparrow,
mon.
567 Slate Colored Junco, one.
581 Song Sparrow, common.
587 Towhee, one.
608 Scarlet Tanager, one.
611 Purple Martin, fairly common.
613 Barn Swallow, common.
614 Tree Swallow, two.
616 Bank Swallow, common.
619 Adar Waxwing, common.
622c Migrant Shrike, two.
Red Eyed Vireo, few.
636 Black and White Warbler, few.
652 Yellow Warbler, two.
655 Myrtle Warbler, few.
675 Water Thrush, one.
681 Maryland Yellow-Throat.
687 Redstart, fairly common.
704 Catbird, common.
705 Brown Thrasher, three.
721 House Wren, common.
735 Black Capped Chickadee, fairly
common.
755 Wood Thrush, several heard.
756 Veery, few.
761 Robin, common.
766 Bluebird, few.
Total, 56 different.
This was a day’s observation, from
6 a. m., until 6 p. m., and we drove
about eighteen miles in the morning,
thus covering a lot of ground.
Paul Harrington.

one

fairly com-

142

THE OOLOGIST

Redtailed Hawk, Mounted by M. J. Hoffman, Brooklyn, N.
A sample of high-class modern taxidermy.

THE OOLOGIST Il]

BOOKS—Continued

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Ly THE OOLOGIST

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THE OOLOGIST.

BIRDS--NESTS--EGGS
TAXIDERMY

VoL. XXXII. No.8.

ALBION, N.. .Y.; AuG.

15, 1916. WHOLE No, 349

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Il THE OOLOGIST

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Oologist Tools and Supplies. Books and
Magazines of every description, Fishing
Rods and Tackle, Lists. quotations prompt
ly sent. BENJAMIN HOAG, Garfield, N. Y.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, Il.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this locality during the coming
season in exchange for desirable postage
SlammDs. GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,

onn.

Nice data blanks, 100 pages, book form with
stubs, 30c. Samples all ae rinting, Arts
& Crafts Exchange. IRZ, 1422-1424
Gwinnett St.. Augusta, 730°

FOR EXCHANGE.—Egegs of Coots, Florida
Galinules, Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns. Killdeers,ete. DELOS
HAiCH, Oakfield. Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
prices write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

a.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Nests and sets of 316.
339, 360, 373. 443, 488, 498 505, 513. 552. 593. 604. 633,
703, 704, 735. RAMON GRAHAM, “Taxider-
mist.” 401 W. Teuda St., Fort Worth, Tex. (1)

FOR EXCHANGE.—Complete sets of Nova
Scotia birds’ eggs for hammerless shot guns
or rifles, in good condition. Parker gun pre-
ferred. Write for my list and tell me what
you) have. R. W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova
Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Full sets of 1,3. 11, 16,
Wer, oe Coe Gay Gay le 77, tell), sk, /, Weve. PAL
122, 126, 141, 155, 18%, 191, 197, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214.
219, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 243, 261, 263, 264, 269, 275,
280, 293, 294. 329. 331, 333. 335. 337, 337b., 339, 339b,.
341, 348, 348, 355, 359. 360, 3604, 362, 364, 365, 366,
367, 373, 375, 375d, 378. 385, 387, 388, 390, 406, 409,
414, 413, 416, 420. 423. 431. 444, 452, 456, 461, 46fa,
467, 474b, 475, 477, 477a., 488, 494, 498, 501, 506, 513.
529, 540, 566. 584, 595, 598. 608. 611, 612, 613, 622, 627,
628, 631, 652, 656. 658, 659, 667. 674. 577, 679. 681, 683,

687, 704, 705, 713, 725, 735, 756, 761 and 766. OT-
TOMAR REINECKE, 400 Elm St., are
-p

WANTED. To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140. 153. 192, 277, 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317. 318, 344. 352a and many others. I
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
collected: F. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,

riz.

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY 616 Baylor St..
Austin, Texas.

EGGS
EXCHANGE.—Have fine sets 263 1-4, 300
1-11, other common ones. Want fine sets or
singles from other localities as 8. A., Canada,
etc. LYLE D. MILLER, E. Claridon, Or
(1-p)

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey touexchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378. S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—273 2-4, 325 2-2, 337b 2-3
1-4, 339b 1-3, 373c 1-4, 385 1-3, 583 1-3, 588d 2-4. 75la
2-4 and many others with small holes. for
A-1 sets with small holes, M. C. BADGER,
Santa Paula, Calif.

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality

good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHA NGE-—191 1-4, 299b, 1-11, 291 1-11
293a 1-12, 293 1-11, 310c 1-12, 326 1-2, 333 1-4, 337a
1-3, 335 1-3, 340 1-2, 341 1-3, 345 1-3, 368b 1-2, 373b
1-4, 416 1- 2. 42] 1-2 420¢ 1-2, 453 1-5, 487 1-5, 50la
1-5, 593c 1-3 1-4, 594 1-4, 630 n-4, 703 1-5, 717a 1-5
718b 1-5, 732 1-6, 736a n-6, and others. The
above all Al material, personally collected.
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—CHEAP and in good
condition, Stone and Crams American Ani-
mals, Blanchan’s Game Birds, Birds of Con-

Kggs and a number of other best books on
birds. Drop a postal to Emerson Stoner,
432 38th St., Gakiand: California.

FOR EXCHANGE.—As I wish to increase
my collection to 900 A. O. U. species will offer
for new species in A 1 sets only, choice sets
from my private series including Loons,
Albatross, Anseres, Limicolas, Rapteres, in-
cluding Kites, Eagles, Gryfalcons, Falcons,
Owls, Goatsuckers, Warblers Kinglets. Also
a few others if you prefer. All “answered.
ASE PRICK Grant Parks DME

FOR DISPOSAL.—A large collection of
choice cabinet sets with full and accurate
data. European sets for sale very cheap for
cash. Send 2c stamp for pares lists.
Satisfaction guaranteed. DR. M.T.CLECK-
LEY, 457 Greene St., Augusta, Ga. (1-p)

BOOKS.

WANTED.—Back numbers of The Oologist:
Vol. II No. 2; Vol. 3 No, 4; Vol. IV No. 3; Vol.
sll ey ite BARNES, Lacon, Il.

THE OOLOGIST.

VoL. XXXII. No.8. | ALBION, N. Y.,AuG. 15,1916. | WHoue No. 849

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y.; and Lacon, Ill.

Young Great Horned Owl, two weeks old
—Photo by Thomas H. Jackson.

144 THE OOLOGIST

Killing the Hawks and Owls.

Not long since there was a display
in Lacon (Illinois) in the window of a
department store, a splendid specimen
of Barred Owl which had _. been
thoughtlessly killed by a citizen of this
town, who did not know that in so
doing he had destroyed one of man’s
best friends, and that in so doing, he
had laid himself liable to a fine of a
large amount for violating the laws oi
the United States. And this law may
yet be enforced against him. The bird
destroyed never injures poultry.

Not long since the Government of
the United States, at a very large ex-
pense, made an exhaustive investiga-
tion into the food of the various Hawks
and Owls of the United States, and
after an examination of the contents of
more than four thousand stomachs of
these birds, killed in varicus parts
of the United States, issued a book en-
titled “The Hawks and Owls of North
America,” and in that book each spe-
cies of both these families of birds
was taken up and treated separately
and the analysis of the contents of
the stomachs of each of the 4200 spe-
cimens was set forth and the Barred
Owl was given a clean bill of health
as an entirely beneficial, harmless and
non-destructive bird.

A few days ago, driving from Peoria
to Lacon, passing the place of one
Herbert Bischel near Spring Bay, in
Woodford Co. the writer saw iang-
ing to the barbed wire fence, the dead
body of a Red-tailed Hawk, another of
the farmer’s best friends, that had
been thoughtlessly, perhaps, ignorant-
ly killed by someone and hung on the
fence, who supposed he had done a
public service in destroying a
“Chicken Hawk.” This bird like the
Barred Owl, is a beneficial bird and
should never be killed under any con-
ditions.

True it is that the Red-tail when

driven by stress of hunger and scar-
city of his natural food, will occa-
Sionally take a chicken. But the con-
clusion reached by the Government in
its investigation was to the effect that
for each chicken taken, this bird de-
stroyed not less than one hundred field
mice and many gophers and ground
moles, in addition to its more desired
food, the striped ground squirrel. And
this bird, like the Barred Owl, is pro-
tected by law, and the killer of the
bird that hung on Herbert Bischel’s
fence is likewise liable to a heavy
fine for violating the law in killing this
bird, and it may be, will sometime be
called upon to face Uncle Sam’s legal
department for so doing.

Most of the killing of this class of
birds is the result of the densest sort
of ignorance. A failure or refusal on
the part of the killer to inform him-
self as to the character of the birds.

There are in this part of the coun-
try, but two birds belonging to the
Hawks and Owls that should be de-
stroyed. One, the large Great Horned
Owl, the largest owl we have, with
large round, yellow eyes and ear tufts
that are called “horns.” The other,
the long slim, bluish-gray colored
Hawk with feathers marked some-
what like a Barred Plymouth Rock
Chicken, with a long slim tail, known
as the Cooper Hawk. Other than
these, all the Hawks and Owls of this
part of the country are beneficial, and
should be protected; as they live al-
most entirely upon man’s enemies,
vermin of some kind, mice, rats, moles,
ground squirrels and the like.

The Country Gentleman of October
30, 1915, contains an article by R. W.
Schufeldt, one of the most prominent
of American bird students, a resident
of Washington, D. C., upon this same
subject which is as follows:

DON’T SHOOT THE OWLS
They do Untold Good as Destroyers of
Vermin.

THE OOLOGIST 145

By R. W. SHUFELDT.

There are forty-four different kinds
of owls in the United States. Some
are very small, as the pygmy owls of
the southwest; while others, the great
gray owl and the various horned owls,
are as big as the largest hawks and
falcons.

These birds are, as a rule, largely
nocturnal in habit, and this fact has
doubtless had much to do with pre-
serving their kind from utter exter-
mination at the hands of man. Boys
are encouraged to shoot them, because
they are alleged to prey upon young
chickens and other poultry of the
farmyard.

Where farms are much isolated, and
in parts of the country where the bird
is found, it is very likely that the
great horned owl will prey upon do-
mestic fowls; but he will also destroy
his share of such vermin as rats,
weasles, mink, and so on. The pygmy
owls, on account of their habitats and
diminutive size, need not be taken
into consideration here. Disregardin7
these species, then, it may be said
with the greatest certainty that there
are few birds of greater use, and prac-
tically none that perform more incal-
culable services to the agriculturist in
all parts of the country, than owls.

Many hundreds of common _ barn
owls are destroyed every year. When
the farmer kills them on the plea that
they steal his young chickens he is
paying for slight losses by murdering
some of his best friends.

The late Charles Bendire, in his
work on. American birds, says of this
owl that it is ‘fone of the most useful
and harmless bird of prey, subsisting
almost entirely on noxious vermin,
such as ground squirrels, rats, pocket
gophers, mice and on shrews, bats,
frogs, small reptiles, grasshoppers and
beetles. Very rarely small birds are
caught by them and occasionally a
young rabbit varies the usual bill of
fare. Looked at from an economic
standpoint it would be difficult to point
out a more useful bird than this owl,
and it deserves the fullest protection;
but, as is too often the case, man, who
should be its best friend, is generally
the worst enemy it has to contend
with, and is ruthlessly destroying
ham.”

Further on he says: “The number
of rats, mice and other noxious ver-

min required by a pair of these owls
to feed their family, usually consisting
of from five to seven young, is almost
incredible, and I am certain exceeds
the captures of a dozen cats for the
Same period. The young owlets are
always hungry and will eat their own
weight in food daily, and even more
if they can get it.”

WOULD PAY TO IMPORT OWLS

In support of this last statement an-
other witness at hand has published
the fact that when “one of these birds
has young it will bring a mouse to
its nest about every twelve or fifteen
minutes. But in order to have a prop-
er idea of the enormous quantity of
mice that it destroys, we must exam-
ine the pellets that it ejects from its
stomach in the pace of its retreat.
Every pellet contains from four to
seven skeletons of mice. In sixteen
months from the time when the apart-
ment of the owl in the old gateway
was cleaned out there had been a de-
posit of more than a bushel of pel-
lets.”

Here doubtless 7,000 or 8,000 mice
were destroyed by only one pair of
barn owls in less than a year and a
half. Any farmer may entertain a
fairly correct notion as to how much
grain 7,500 mice will consume in the
ccurse of a year.

in rural districts where the barn owl
is either very scarce or is not found at
all it would prove a distinct benefit to
import a few pairs and protect them
by efficient legislation. They would
be a terror to all rats, field mice and
pocket gophers of the country all
round, and they would keep the latter
down to a minimum at all times of the
year. Every time we slay a barn owl
we give a lease of life to vermin to
spread disease and to eat up the pro-
ducts of the farm.

KMdward Howe Forbush, in a bulletin
entitled Rats and Rat Riddance, pub-
lished by the State Board of Agricul-
ture of Massachusetts says: “Rats are
the most expensive animal that man
maintains—forerunners of famine, dis-
ease and pestilence, disseminators o¢
the dreaded trichina and the terrible
bubonic plague, or black death, which
has slain its miserable horror-stricken
millions since the dawn of history,
and now has spread to the United
States.”

In America we not only have no reg-

146 THE OOLOGIST

ular government organizations whose
work it is to destroy rats, but all over
the country we are killing owls which
prey upon rats!

Rats not only consume hundreds of
tons of grain in the United States
every year but they likewise climb
our fruit trees and eat any quantity
of all kinds of fruit, of which they
are very fond. They ruin houses;
kill hundreds of people by spreading
disease; fiood farm lands by opening
dikes; set houses on fire by nibbling
matches; eat thousands of eggs; kill
poultry; eat dressed meats and provi-
sions by the ton; and they kill and
eat all kinds of small pets and game.

It has been shown that, upon the
whole, the cat is a perfect failure as
a destroyer of rats; while, were owls
sufficiently numerous, they would de-
stroy thousands every month. Farm-
ers all over the land should favor the
introduction and subsequent protec-
tion of all medium-sized owls, the
American Owl in particultr.

The months of October, November
and December are the months of mi-
gration for the Hawk family and
thousands of them wing their way
southward. Most of those passing in
October and early November are the
Swainson Hawk, which is about the
size of a large Redtail and has a white
breast with a dark band across it.
This bird is wholly harmless, easy to
approach, fearless, and is ruthlessly
killed by those who desire to destroy
“chicken hawks,” with little knowi-
edge of the fact that they are destroy-
ing one of their real good servants.

later in the fall vand, winter, the
large Northern Hawks are to be seen
sitting about on the fences and trees
watching for furred animals, which is
their natural food. These birds are
harmless as to poultry, and should
never be killed. They are usually
larger than our big Redtail Hawk, gen-
erally have a white breast and a dark
brownish or black face and wing;
sometimes they are seen with the dark
plumage throughout, both above and

below.

It is to be hoped that some day the
prejudice of the general public against
Hawks and Owls as a class will be
evercome, and that those who desire
to kill for the fun of killing will be
curbed.

Ninety per cent. of the Red-tail
Hawks in Marshall county have been
killed off in the last twenty years, and
we now have four times as many field
mice and ground squirrels, moles,
gophers and the like as we had twen-
ty years ago as the result of this bar-
barous practice.

It is to be hoped that some day the
laws against those who kill for the
mere pleasure of killing will be en-
forced and that the general public will
then take the trouble to inform itself
as to the difference between a harm-
less and beneficial Redtail Hawk and
a smaller, longer, slimmer Cooper
Hawk; and also of the difference be-
tween the harmless and_ beneficial
Barred Owl and of the destructive
Great Horned Owl.

Not long since a citizen of Lacon,
who makes great pretensions as to
piety, enjoyed the sensation of ruth-
lessly. murdering four little young,
harmless Screech Owls for the pure
sake and fun of killing them. These
birds are classed by the Government
as being among by far the most bene-
ficial of all birds found in North
America. It is to be hoped that this
killer, when he thinks of the great
service he did to his community by
destroying these harmless, beneficial
little young birds will be satisfied with
what his own conscience tells him of
the work. R. M. Barnes.

oe eli eee er
The Lazy Bird.

Cowbirds have either become un-
usually lazy or else overworked in this
locality this year. June 21st of this
year I found a fresh Cowbird egg in
a Goldfinch nest that must have been

THE OOLOGIST 147

two years old at least. Also earlier
in the season I found a Cowhbird egg
lying in a field.

Until this year I have never found
the eggs of this bird in Red-wing nests,
but in a little colony of some tweniy-
five pairs of Red-winged Blackbirds, |
destroyed eleven Cowbird eggs on
June 17th and six on June 27th of the
present season.

Walter A. Goelitz.
Ravina, Ill.
_ | Se
Notes on the Chipping and Field
Sparrows.

During the breeding season of 1915
in the vicinity of Butler, New Jersey,
from June 1st to 380th, I located fifty-
two nests of the Chipping and Field
Sparrows, either with eggs well incu-
bated or with young a few days old.
Being very much interested in the bird
banding movement, permitted each of
these that had not as yet hatched to
do so and kept a daily record of each
hatching so that bands .might be
placed at the proper age on the young
birds. But out of all these nests,
bands were placed on only two young
birds, because of the nestling becom-
ing infested with a small mite similar
to that which attacks young chickens
and of the fifty-two nests one hundred
and sixty-eight young birds succumbed
to the inroads of these minute insects
at the age of three or four days. Forty
of these broods were hatched in nests
in scrub cedars. The remainder with
the exception of two were in smilax
and blackberry tangles and the last
two in huckleberry bushes. These
were the only two not to be attacked
and which survived. One of these
broods were destroyed by a house cat
on the sixth day and in the other two
birds reached the banding age of six
days.

This is the only record I have and
the only one that inquirers among my

bird loving friends has brought to light
on this matter. Would be glad to
hear from other oologists and orni-
thologists in THE OOLOGIST who
have been fortunate enough to observe
a Similar invasion of this species of
insects among the different small spe-
cies of the Fringillidae.
Louis S. Kohler.
Oe ee
Hunting Owl Eggs From a Boat.

On February 19th, found Raymon
Graham and myself scouting around in
and out of the tree tops out to Lake
Worth looking for Owl hollows.

Lake Worth, or better known among
the people of Fort Worth as the Reser-
voir, is in a large tract of bottom land
with the Trinity river flowing through
it. So the city decided to throw up
a dam or two and make a reservoir
of it. By so doing, the river soon went
out of its banks, took in all the trees
that could be found in the bottom,
leaving only the tops protruding from
the water, making it a cinch to collect
from a boat. (That is, the trees that
are smaller in diameter than the one
following).

As I was saying, we were zig-zaging
in and out of the trees, keeping a
close watch out for good hollows. We
had gotten no more than two hundred
yards in the trees, when I happened to
cast my optics on a good hollow down
three hundred feet in front of us. Then
we put on full steam ahead. Just as
we neared the stub, the bow of the
boat hit it, and out flew Mrs. Barred
Owl. Right there a free for all scram-
ble liked to have taken place, to see
which would get up and see in the
hollow first. Raymon tried first to
get up to it, then I tried, then he,
then my time again. It had no limbs
on it, and was as slick as glass, there-
fore neither could ‘‘coon it’ up. All
this time our boat was doing the Hesi-
tation,

148

THE OOLOGIST

Pair of Young Great Horned Owls, three weeks old

—Photo by Thomas H. Jackson.

THE OOLOGIST 149

We happened to look down in the
boat, and there we found about four
feet of old rope tied to an old anchor.
By putting the anchor over the end of
one of the oars, we hooked it in the
hollow, and I started up hand over
hand, but—to our sad luck, the rope
snapped in two, leaving the remaining
ten inches in my hand, and the other
three feet and the anchor fell down in
the bottom of the cavity. Then we
were guessing again how to get up.

Raymon, after putting his wooden
brain to work, suggested stacking
some life belts, which we always car-
ried along, up on the hood of the boat,
by doing this it put me up about four
feet. Then I held to the trunk until
Raymon could get under me where }
could stand on his shoulders, then [|
could hold the hollow with one hand
and pulled myself up where I could
look down in it. And lo and behold,
after all this hard brain work and
labor, there was nothing in it but the
bottom, and the pieces of rope and the
anchor that fell over in it. Tough luck
again. In my haste to get down on
account of my hold growing tiresome,
I forgot to remove the obstacles that
fell in the hollow.

Tired, scratched up and perspiring,
we drifted on down through the woods
meeting with very little luck. Getting
back to camps late in the evening.

On the 12th of March, found us back
at the same hollow. On approaching
when the boat hit the stub, nothing
came out, but a few raps with an oar
soon brought Mrs. Barred Owl out in
a hurry. This time we were prepared
to get to the top, as we brought along
some cleats, nails and a hatchet. It
took only a few minutes to nail the
cleats on. Then I was on my way to-
wards the apex.

Upon looking down in the hollow,
what should greet my eyes, but that
anchor pushed to one side, and the

rope coiled up, and in the middle of
it was a well incubated set of three
eggs.

I sure was surprised to find a set
of eggs in this one hollow. Because I
thought by this junk being in the bot-
tom, would interrupt their actions.

But at any rate, they added the first
set of Barred Owls to my collection.
This one also being the first set of
eggs collected in and around Fort
Worth this year.

The stub which contained this hol-
low, was located a quarter of a mile
from the nearest bank, and was in
twenty feet of water.

Earl E. Moffat.
Fort Worth, Tex.
a o~>
Redpoll on Bloomfield, New Jersey, on
February 12th, 1916.

Two male Redpolls and five females
were observed at Bloomfield, Essex
County, New Jersey, on the above date
by the writer, at noon, in a small copse
of sassafras near the southern end of
the town. When first observed, this
flock was perched among the lower
branches of the saplings in this growth
and then soon all descended to the
ground and began feeding upon the
seeds of the dead vegetation about.
Later on during the afternoon one
male and two females were again seen
near this copse feeding on the ground.
This is the first record the writer has
made of this species since March 5,
1905, in this county.

Louis S. Kohler.
a ee eee
Raleus Elegans.

America’s great Ornithologist, Au-
dubon, called or rather named this the
“King Rail”
and he was well aware that this was
the appropriate name for this hand-

some bird.

The upper parts are brown or brown-
ish black; the feathers margined with

THE OOLOGIST

150

‘uosyoer “FY svumoyy, Aq oJOoYG—
plo SY9eM XIS ‘SIMO PausOH }e2u5H Bunoad jo uieg

THE OOLOGIST 161

tawny-olive; wing and tail feathers
varying from rufous to richest nut;
top of head and hind neck plain dark
brown, throat and line over the eye
nearly white; breast and foreneck
deep cinnamon or _ rufous; _ sides,
flanks and axillaries brownish black,
distinctly barred with white; under
tail coverts white, coarsely spotted
with blackish; bill dusky brown on
top and tip, base, and lower mandible
mostly yellowish brown; eyes reddish-
brown; legs and bill tinged with red-
dish in high plumage. Length, 17-19
inches.

The eggs vary from a dull white to
cream or: pale buff, sparsely dotted
and spotted with reddish brown and
lilac. Size from 1.55 to 1.72 long by
1.25 broad, averaging 1.67 by 1.12.

It is a fresh water species.

It is very rare in our locality. To
my knowledge only several sets were
taken. In May, 1891, the late George
Harris, in South Buffalo, shot a King
Rail and brought it to me. Jn mount-
ing it I was surprised to find a weli
developed egg in the body, which is
now in my collection. May 30, 1894,
my son Albert found a handsome set
of ten eggs in rear of Point Abino, now
a much frequented pleasure resort on
the Canadian side near Buffalo. June
8, 1902, my son Edward found a fine
set of twelve eggs in the Tonawanda
Swamp, Orleans Co., N. Y. The nest
was composed of sedges on swampy
ground. Now the Tonawanda Swamp
has gone out of existence. Too bad.
Besides these I have a fine set taken
May 20, 1903, at Rail Lake, Cook Co.,
ty, Ill., by G. A. Abbott.

Ottomar Reinecke.
<2 —_____—-
In California.

The Editor of this little magazine is
spending a short vacation period ai
Hollywood, California, visiting his
mother. It will be remembered that a

goodly portion of Mr. Barnes’ last visit
there was spent in a hospital in Los
Angeles, as the result of falling from
a tree while hunting birds eggs. It is
to be hoped that the nesting season
for California birds is over and that
this trip will not result similarly.
°-~<

From the European War.

A further letter from Major O. C. C.
Nicolls, R. G. A., gives us the sad
information that he is at present con-
fined in a hospital in London, and is
uncertain as to when, if ever, he will
get out. We are very sorry that mis-
fortune has visited itself upon our
friend Nicolls.

The letter also contains among other
things, the following:

“T can add one other incident from
a letter recently received from one of
the officers out there (in Loos) in my
old battery. He said a nest had been
found in a huge shell which had the
top blown off, but as he is not a con-
noisseur in birds he merely described
the eggs (four) as speckled, and as
this includes those of a wide range,
from the Golden Wren to the Golden
Eagle, with many more beyond the
latter limit, the event is not of much
scientific interest I am afraid, except,
perhaps, to show that even birds are
getting callous out there. (They cer-
tainly weren’t when I was there) as
this anxious mama apparently depos-
ited her goods quite close to the firing
line.”

a
Notes on the Feeding Habits of the
Dusky Horned Owl.

(Bubo virginianus saturatus).

By J. H. Bowles, Tacoma, Wash.
A short time ago I sent in to THE
OCOLOGIST a few notes on the breed-
ing of the Wood Duck in western
Washington. On the night of Novem-
ber 12th, the male duck met with an
unfortunate ending, as it was found

152 THE OOLOGIST

floating in the water by Dr. Shaver
close to shore. The head had been
eaten, and previous experience at once
suggested Horned Owls to the doctor.
He dashed it liberally with strychnine
and put it on the shore close to where
he found it in the morning. Upon
visiting the spot on the morning of
the 14th he found the duck with a few
more bites taken out of it and on the
shore near it a fine Dusky Horned Owl.
While congratulating himself upon the
results of his experiment he glanced
up into the woods and some distance
away saw a suspicious looking object
at the foot of a large fir. Investiga-
tion showed it to be another owl of
the same species, probably the mate
of the first one as dissection showed
them to be male and female. Both
birds had been poisoned by the same
bait, which makes it seem likely that
these birds may at times hunt in cou-
ples. The female of this pair smelled
so strongly of skunk, upon which she
had undoubtedly made a recent meal,
that I found it by no means a pleas-
ing task to prepare her for my collec-
tion.

Dr. Shaver has had a great deal of
trouble from the depredations of this
species of owl upon his ducks, and
during the past two years has killed
eight or ten of them. A fine Mallard
that was killed by them had been
dragged through the brush to a large
fallen fir, under which it was hidden.
The doctor gave it the proper treat-
ment and next morning showed a
dead Horned Owl, its claws deeply
buried in the body of the duck. Re-
turning to a kill seems to be a com-
mon habit with them, but it was new
to me that they hid their prey after
they had eaten sufficiently.

They are very large eaters, the
stomach of one that I examined con-
taining an entire house rat, about two-
thirds grown, and a Wilson’s Snipe
that haw been torn into three pieces.

At the base of a nesting tree, after
the young had flown, I have found the
remains of Sooty Grouse, Oregon
Ruffed Grouse, Ring-necked Pheasant,
Steller’s Jay, and the skull of one
squirrel. All owls are on the protect-
ed list in Washington, but, although I
am considered somewhat of an extrem-
ist on bird protection, I think that in
the case of the Ducky Horned Owls
our sympathy is for the most part
wasted.

pede Por wee ty OE
An Expensive Set of Blue Gray Gnat
Catchers.

While looking for a Scarlet Tan-
ager’s nest, I noticed a Blue Gray Gnat
Catcher fly from the top of a tall sweet
gum tree, alighting on a small bush on
the ground, collecting cob-webs. This
bird coming near the ground was un-
usual; as a natural rule they dwell in
the utmost tops of the trees. By it
coming near the ground I kept my
eyes on the Gnat Catcher. She left
the bush with cob-webs in her mouth
flying straight up to the top of the
sweet gum tree, alighting on a small
limb about one inch in diameter and
two feet from the trunk, which was
about 58 feet up. I knew the nest was
nearly completed as cob-webs are the
finishing touch on their nests, so I sat
down at a distance from the tree and
saw her make three different trips to
this certain limb. After convincing
myself that the nest was there I re-
turned home; then on May 23d I was
back again expecting a full set. So
strapping on my climbers I proceeded
up the tree to where I thought the
nest was, but not finding it there, I
went on up ten feet farther, and while
looking around for the nest there I[
recognized the small limb, then two
feet from me was the nest which was
a fine specimen of architecture and
matched the limb so natural that it
was difficult to find, as it resembled a

THE OOLOGIST 155

small knot, and to my surprise it con-
tained five fresh eggs. As I was wrap-
ping the eggs to lower them in my col-
lection box, both birds appeared on
the scene. They seemed very tame,
coming within a few feet of my head.
They showed no fighting ability, but
would drop from the top branches
down near me with the same antics as
the Yellow Breast Chat, with the tail
straight up; at the same time afford-
ing me a good view of both birds. I
then cut the limb off that had the nest
on it with my pocket knife, tying both
nest and collecting box together I
lowered them 58 feet to the ground
and started down the tree. As I was
within about 25 feet from the ground
I caught hold of a rotten limb which,
of course, broke and sent me on a
downward journey at a full rate of
speed, head first. But as I was an
acrobat in my younger days, I found a
chance to use it here; giving my body
a wiggle, I landed in a sitting down
position. After I woke up and the
smoke cleared away, I found my left
arm sticking in the ground (you will
hear of my arm later), pulling it out
I wound up 65 feet of cord, dug a
hole with my foot under the tree and
buried my climbers (they are still
there). I started home at my leisure,
still looking for other nests. I met
two of my friends, and after talking
with them for about half an hour, I
continued my trip home. Arriving at
home I put up the eggs, washed my
face and hands, got a newspaper and
read awhile, then I happened to think
about the condition of my arm. I went
and saw a doctor about it. He pro-
nounced it broken. After setting my
arm he said, ‘‘$15.00 please.” A short
& Lattins catalogue prices the Blue
Grey Gnatcatcher eggs at 35 cents
each, the five eggs cost me at the
rate of $3.00 per egg. How is this for
paying a high price for cheap eggs?

I blowed this set and others the next
day with that broken arm of mine.

I am at present spending my time in
Fort Worth, Texas. I have met Mr. R.
Graham, who runs a taxidermy shop
here and has a collection of eggs,
Emmett Maxon and several other egg
eollectors, and find them to be good
fellows. I expect to hunt Turkey and
Black Vultures, Road Runners and
Scissor Tail Flycatchers next spring
with Mr. Graham, and hope to send in
an account of our luck.

Hoping everyone good luck this com-
ing season, I remain,

EKarl E. Moffat,
Govt. Bird Censor for Marshall . Tex.
OA ee eee
Two Trials.

There is nothing rare or especially
but
when two sets of eggs are collected

interesting in a Blue Jay nest,

from the same nest it becomes at
once out of the ordinary and well
worth mentioning. On April 25, 1816,
I secured a set of five Jay eggs from
a nest in the city park at Urbana
Illinois. The nest was of the usual
type, placed twenty feet up from a
platform formed by the growth of a
bunch of small twigs vertical to the
trunk of a white oak. The eggs, which
were alive, tan in color and spotted
with darker brown and black, were
taken, but the nest was left intact.

May 23, 1916, Il passed under the
tree and saw a Jay brooding on the
old nest. I ascended and found a fine
set of six fresh eggs of the same gen-
eral color as the preceding set. The
nest had not been repaired nor enlarg-
ed. It is a decidedly unusual occur-
rence for a Jay or similar bird to lay
two clutches in the same nest, is it
not? Walter A. Goelitz.
Ravinia, Ill.

THE OOLOGIST

164

‘uosyorr ‘YR semoyy, Aq o0JOYq—
pjO SY9OM UdADS ‘SIMO PaUOH FesuyH BHunoa,d jo uieg

LL Le Le Ee
Esp i = 2 pe

THE OOLOGIST II]

BOOKS—Continued
WANTED.— Several copies of No. 7 of

Volume XXIV (July 1912) of the Dordaiet

for which we will pay 25c each. R.

BARNES, Lacon, Il.

WANTED.—No. 7 of Volume 29 of The
Oologist. For this we will give one year’s
subscription or pay 25c in cash R. M
BARNES. Lacon. III.

WANTED.--Back Volumes anda numbers

of Bird Lore, and Osprey. Cassinnia. W. H.
BROOMHALL, Stockport, Ohio. (1-p)
FOR SALE.—Bird-Lore Vols. I to XIII

No. 3, 3 inclusive complete with indexes in
original covers #35.00. THOS. L. McCON-
NELL. 1813 Huey St., McKeesport, Pa. (1-p)

FOR SALE.—Bendire’s “Life Histories of
North American Birds” two volumes, newly
bound half morocco; perfect condition, price
$16.00. A. F. SMITHSON, Warrensburg, Mo.

WANTED.—Sport in Crimes and Caucasus,
Savage Svanetia, both by C. Phillips, Wooley.
Address with price. WM. J. HACKMEIER,
645 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Il.

Who has any odd numbers of the 1913-1914
OOLOGIST to exchange? I have some odd
numbers of the OOLOGIST and CONDOR.
Dik SEH eARDSON, 209) E. 37th St.) Los
A SEED Vio 2 eT

WANTED.—"“The Auk,” Vols. I and VI
(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.

. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagtie Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

WANTED.—LBuletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologic Club, Vol. I,cdd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
books by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. All bird magazines. W.
iE ERICKSON, 208 West 40th St... Savannah,

a.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1, skins of Western
and foreign birds.
Highiand Park, I1).

TO EXCHANGE.—I have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals {mostly Ornithological]
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, eggs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS,

Berwyn. Pa. (2-p]

EXCHANGE.—A small collection of Indian
relics; a few books on natural history, birds,
biological survey publications and maga-
zines for eggs in sets only. RALPH W.
JACKSON, Cambridge, Maryland, R. 1.

FOR EXCHANGE.—American Naturalist
1868, 1889, 1884, 1887, six volumes half leather.
Wanted Smithsonian Annual Reports for
1900, 1901, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1996. JOHN THOMP-
SON, Clinton, N. Y.

FOR SALE.—Auk, Vo). 16 to 32 inclusive.
Also several volumes of Condor, and Osprey.
No reasonable offer refused. E. J. WHEEL-
ER, 177 Pequot Ave., New London, Conn.

HENRY K. COALE,

FOR SALE BIRD LORE.—Lot A, Vols. I
to XII inclusive without voiume indexes: Lot
B, Vol. II No, 1 to Vol. XII No, 2. inclusive
without volume indexes and Vol. II No. 2
missing. Will not break lots. State best cash
offer. THOMAS L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St., McKeesport, Pa.

“California

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’
Water Birds, No. IV,” for whict I will pay
any reasonable price. W. E,. CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

EXCHANGE—Birds and all nature, March.
April, May. June and November 1899 for best
offer. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton, N. Y.

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchangein othernumbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

WANTED.—For cash “The Oologist” (this
magazine) Volume 3 No.4and Volume4N .
1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y.

WANTED,—In good condition: Nidiolo-
gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.
IV No. 3 andindex; Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index;
Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. IjI No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. IX
No.6 and index. How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exehange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

MISCELLANEOUS.

WANTED.—To buy an egg cabinet from
some one in the vicinity of Boston. ED-
WARD S. COOMBS, Boston, Mass.

American Birds wanted.
Half tones preferred. Send proofs of those
you have and state lowest cash price. ER-
NESTS. NORMAN, Kalevala, Manitoba.

WANTED.—A collecting gun; also5 x 7 long
bellows camera and:8 x 10 lens: also 33 x 44
long focus, plate, hand camera with Dagor
lens. A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

Cuts of North

FOR SALE.—One 4x 5 long focus reversible

back Premo; one 5x 7 Crown Anastigmat
14.5 lens in Ilex Acme shutter; one 4 x 5plate
tank, and other photographic accessories.
A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

Coati-Mundi (Nasua narica). These ani-
mals are related to our Northern Racoons,
but inhabit the tropic and sub-tropic regions.

have a specimen nicely mounted on a
polished stand. Can probably furnish a
photo. For full description. price, ete. ad-
dress MILTON J. HOFMANN, 1818 Bleecker
St., Brooklyn, N. Y,

Wanted rare American Indian or ancient
Egyptian relics. Can otfer thousands of cut
and polished precious and semi-precious
stones suitable for mounting or the cabinet.
also high grade cameras. L. V. CASE. Tarry-
town, N. Y. (p-1)

pak Se EE a a ee ea a

FOR SALK#.—A very fine 50 drawer quarter
sawed oak cabinet, At a bargain. Des-
cription and price on request. Desirable
Indian Relics from Arkansas localities. H.
EK. WHEELER, Jonesboro, Ark.

IV THE OOLOGIST

FOR EXCHANGE—Preserved specimens

of Reptiles with U.S. Collectors only. C.A.

Acres 60 Lynnfield St., East Lynn Station.
ass

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber eae gun, suitable for
shot cartridges. R SHARPLES. West
Chester, Pa.

WANTED.- Correspondence with collect-
ors of butterflies. DR. T. W. RICHARDS,
U.S. Navy. care of Navy Department, W ash-
THovege IER OL (1-p)

FOR SALE.—Twelve Room Martin House
$3.50. Several bound volumes of The Oologist,
Will also exchange bird skins, O~M.
GREENWOOD, Manchester, Ia. (1-p)

FOR SALE.—Cocoons of the Promethea,
ocropia, Polyphemus Io, Luna and Cynthia-
Moths, in lots as desired. Prices upon ap-
application. Will also exchange for species
of the far west. Have lot of Devonian fossils
in Oriskany sandstone also t° offer in ex-
change for potners- LOUIS S. KOHLER,
Bloomfield, N. J.

IN PRESS

Extensive Catalogue

Books on

North American Birds

JOHN H. SHERMAN, Jr.,
403 Seneca St.

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y.

I want one set each of the following, viz:

iat, 167, 1%3;, 192,

BOYS

Send 2c in stamps of a copy of

‘New Jersey Boy”’
A Newspaper for Boys
All the News for All the Boys

Published on the Ist and 15th of
month. 2c Per Copy. 50c Par Year

Address: §& CENTRAL AVENUE
Jersey City, N. J.

THE CONDOR

A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Published Bi-monthly by the
Cooper Ornithological Club of California

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘“‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study” can easily un-
derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated
by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 30c.

Address

W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,
Eagle Rock, Les Angeles, Cal.

A. O. U. No. 7, 35, 43, 77, 92, 103,

196, 258a, 261, 264, 286, 289a, 310%, 347, 247a, 351, 373b,

575%, 377, 384, 474b, 474e, 486, 511b1-6, I. TS, 612, 627a, 736a, 758a, 759b.

I want two sets each of the following, viz:

A. O. U. No. 5, 26, 38, 131, 145,

160, 169a, 171a, 172a, 180, 222, 310b, 310c, 318, 339b 2-2, 466a, 536, 542b, 552, 581d,

593a, 164, 615, 744, 768.

For these I will allow twice Lattin’s 1905 exchange rates, and I have a very

unusual exchange list to select from.

R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

BIRDS--NESTS--EGG
TAXIDERMY

on, «XIII. No. 9.

ALBIONSN. ¥.,;S8r0. 15, 1916,

WHOLE No. 850

BRIEF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Iitc., inserted in this department at 25 eents
for each 25 words for one issue; each additional word 1 cent. No notice in-
serted for less than 25 cents.
TAKE NOTICE. Entered as second-class matter De-
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR cember )21,.1903) -at ‘the post. office at

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 350 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 341 your
subscription expired with December issue
1915. Other expirations can be compu ted by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress
of Marehy 3s 1879).

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologist,”
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

eggs, or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR.

BIRDS

WANTED—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, II].

WANTED. — Nests of North American
Birds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will
appreciate list of what you have to exchange
omsell, LEVERETTE FILZPATRICK, 1808
Webster St., Waco, Texas.

T havea lot of fine duck skins with heads
folded over the back which I will exchange
for skins of common small land birds. A.C.
BENT, Taunton, Mass.

Brant, Snow or Blue Geese. Eagles, Ducks,
Prairie Chicken, Mountain Quail, Bob and
Ring Tail Cats, Fisher, Wolverine, Gray Fox,
Mountain Lion, Beaver, Snakes, Ling, Gar,
and other fish. Fresh skins,in meat or alive,
wanted for Public Museum, offer minerals,
fossils, shells, curios, relic. Publication on
cash. DEAN’S NAT. SCZANCE ESTAB-
LISHMENT, Alliance, O,

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias 1orquatus Ring-necked Pheas-
unt) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

We are anxious at all times to secure rare
bird skins and eggs. Send us a list of your
list of material and of your wants. We can
offer at present specimens as the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, Passenger Pigeon, Scarlet Ibis.
Blue-headed Quail Dove. White and Gray

Gyrfalcons. Black-capped Vireo. Golden
cheeked Warbler and soon. Writeus today.
WARD’S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTAB-

LISHMENT. Rochester, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE — Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 8&ll
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Who wants three Golden Eagles and two
Bald Eagles, hand raised.3 and 4 years old?
EK. FE. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE—Good pair of the nearly
extirpated Piping Plover for a good skin
adult male Mangrove Warbler. C. L. PHIL-
LIPS.5 West Weir St... Taunton, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Mounted birds, No.
51. 137, 139, 230. 339, 260. for eggs. RAMON
GRAHAM, 401 W. Leuda St., Fort Worth,
Texas. (1-p)

s~

ii THE OOLOGIST

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange notices
for nests, sKins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerais in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

Oologist Tools’and Supplies, Books anda
Magazines of every description, Fishing
Rods and Tackle, Lists. quotations prompt
ly sent. BENJAMIN HOAG, GSarfield, N.Y.

Iam always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, III.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this Jocality during the coming

season in exchange for desirable postage
stamps. GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,
Conn.

Sar a RD a ee

FOR'EXCHANGE.— Mounted Birds and
finely prepared sets for Kkntomology supplies
and books. Send listtoGUY LOVE, Oberlin,
Kansas, R. R. No. 5.

FOR EXCHANGE.--Eggs of Coots, Florida
Galinules, Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns. Killdeers, ete. DELOS
HAiCH,. Oakfield. Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. YPesigned for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
prices write W. ILUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

a.

FOR EKXCHANGE.—Nests and sets of 316,
339, 360. 373. 443. 488, 498 505. 513. 552. 593. 604, 633,
703, 701, 735. RAMON GRAHAM, “Taxider-
mist.” 401 W. I euda St., Fort Worth. Tex. (1)

FOR EXCHANGE.—Full sets of 1.3. 11, 16,
30, 32, af, 49), 005.65, 71. 77,80, 108) 7 120¢; 121:
122. 126, 141, 155, 18X, 191. 197, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214.
219, 225, 226, 227, 2’8, 230, 243, 261, 263, 264, 269, 275,
280, 293, 294. 329. 331, 333. 335. 337, 337b. 339, 339b,
341, 343, 348. 355, 359. 360, 3604, 362, 364. 365, 366,
367, 373, 375, 375d, 378. 385, 387, 388, 390. 406, 409,
414, 413, 416, 420. 423. 431. 444, 452, 456, 461, 466a,
467, 474b, 475, 477, 477a, 488, 494, 498, 501, 506, 513.
529, 540, 566, 584, 595, 598, 608, 611. 612, 613, 622, 627,
628, 631, 652, 656, 658, 659, 667, 674. 577, 679. 681, 683,

687, 704, 705, 713, 725, 735, 756. 761 and 766. OT-
TOMAR REINECKE, 400 Elm St., Butfalo,
Nae (1-p)

WANTED.- To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140. 153. 192. 277. 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317, 318, 344. 352a and many others. I
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of 1hem personally
collected. KF. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,
ATIZ.

WAN'TED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552. 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY 610 Baylor St..
Austin, Texas.

NOVA SCOTIA BIRDS EGGS .—A few per-
sonally collected sets of eggs from this region,
in beautiful sets of Nos. 228, 334, 459, 517. 567,
648a, 655, 657, 667, 740a, 748 and others. Write
for my list. R. W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova
Scotia.

EGGS
EXCHANGE.—Have fine sets 263 1-4, 3
1-11, other common ones. Want fine sets or
singles from other localities as S. A., Canada,
etc. LYLE D. MILLER, E. Claridon, Gi
-p ji

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey to exchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378. S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, 0.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eegs of Nova Scotia
birds’ egys in sets. for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full

particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scutia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston. Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

or

FOR EXCHA NGE-— 191 1-4. 299b, 1-11, 291 1-11
293a 1-12. 293 1-11, 310c 1-12. 326 1-2, 333 1-4. 337a
1-3, 335 1-3, 340 1-2, 341 1-3, 345 1-3, 368b 1-2, 373b
1-4, 416 1-2, 42] 1-2, 420¢ 1-2, 453 1-5. 487 1-5, 50la
1-5, 593c 1-3 1-4, 594 1-4, 630 n-4, 703 1-5
718b 1-5. 732 1-6, 736a n-6, and otheee:
above all Al material, personally collected.
E. F. POPF, Colmesneil, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—CHEAP and in good
condition, Stone and Crams American Ani-
mals, Blanchan’s Game Birds, Birds of Con-
necticut, Flora of Colorado. Coue’s Birds of
the Northwest, Michigan Birds Life. Chap-
man’s Handbook of Birds, Davies Nest and
Kees and a number of other best books on
birds. Drop a postal to Emerson Stoner,
432 38th St., Oakland, California.

FOR EXCHANGE.—AsI wish to increase
my collection to 900 A. O. U. species will offer
for new species in A 1 sets only. choice sets
from my private series including Loons,
Albatross. Anseres, Limicolas, Rapteres, in-
cluding Kites, Eagles, Gryfalecons, Falcons,
Owls, Goatsuckers, Warblers kKinglets. Also
a few others if you prefer. All answered.
A.D PRICK Grant Park Tu:

FOR DISPOSAL.—A large collection of
choice cabinet sets with full and accurate
data. European sets for sale very cheap for
cash. Send 2c stamp for complete lists.
Satisfaction guaranteed. DR. M.T.CLECK-
LEY, 457 Greene St., Augusta, Ga. (1-p)

BOOKS.

WANTED.—Copy of Biological Survey of
Texas in first-class condition. State cash
price, or I can offer personally taken sets
with nests. HAROLD M. HOLLAND, 3208.
Gramercy P]., Los Angeles, Calif.

FOR SALE. -—For best cash offer, Oologist
Vol. 30, 31 and 382; oe Viol. 25: 275285 29. oUN ols
Condor Vol. 15, No. 2; Vol. 14, No. SS Vol: 16.
No. 4, and Wilsons American Ornithology.
ARTHUR W.BROCKWAY, Hadlyme, Conn,

THE OOLOGIST.

Vou. XXXIII. No.9. ALBron, N. Y., Sepr. 15,1916. | WxHoLe No. 850

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N. rae and Lacon, TU:

Great Horned Owl on its nest near Waynesburg, Pa., 1910.
—Photo by S. S. Dickey.

156 THE OOLOGIST

Relative to the Bald Eagle in Alaska.

How many of us have seen a flock of
Bald Eagles? Very few I wager. In
most sections of the country such a
sight is not common. When one
speaks of eagles as occurring in flocks
he is rather looked upon with suspi-
cion. Yet in Alaska, especially south-
eastern Alaska, in the spring of the
year, such a sight is not uncommon.
In fact, at times the Bald Eagle is
seldom seen unaccompanied by three
or more of its fellows. Of the larger
land birds only the raven exceeds it
in point of numbers for from the most
southerly part of the Alexander Archi-
pelago to far out in the Aleutian chain
the eagle is ever present. So plenti-
ful is the eagle in the territory at pres-
ent that it is becoming extremely ob-
noxious and several Alaskan enter-
prises which are suffering from its
depredations are making efforts to
bring about a reduction in its num-
bers.

In speaking of eagles in Alaska I
do not wish to convey the impression
that this bird appears only in flocks.
This is not true. Meore often it is seen
singly or in pairs. Only during the
spring months does it go about in
flocks and then only in certain parts of
Alaska. While attached to the U. S.
S. Manning the writer spent the spring
of the current year in the south-east-
ern section of the territory, and here
had the opportunity of seeing the Bald
Hagles moving about in flocks, and
hovering about the bays and inlets in
much the same manner as so many
gulls. Especially at Sitka on Baranof
Island were these flocks exceedingly
abundant. Practically throughout the
entire day could at least one be seen,
each containing a score or more birds.
On one occasion a flock of thirty-two
were observed from the deck of the
vessel, and I was told by a local natur-
alist that flocks of forty and fifty

were frequently seen at one time. At
the time of my stay I estimated that
there were not less than one hundred
birds within a radius of three miles
of Sitka. When not in flight the birds
would remain perched in the trees on
the small islands that surround the
village, and not infrequently a score
or more were observed occupying the
upper branches of a dead white cedar.

Fish is the great attraction that col-
lects the eagles in bodies at this time
of the year. In the spring the waters
of south-eastern Alaska fairly swarm
with the Herring and Salmon coming
in to spawn, with the_ result
that these birds come from miles
around to engage in the great
feast of the season. And feast they do
for this food is obtained with the ex-
penditure of but little energy. They
themselves do but little fishing. Such
work is evidently considered menial
for when the gulls and cormorants
are around they much prefer robbing
them who are much more expert at
capturing their finny prey. However,
at times they are forced to fish them-
selves, for not always is an opportun-
ity afforded to pilver the waterfowl.
When thus engaged the eagles walk
about the beach at low tide in much
the same manner as gulls and swoop
out over the water whenever a school
of herring or other fish is in evidence.

Around the spawning grounds the
eagles remain plentiful until the fish
leave and only until this occurs do
they return to their customary haunts
among the mountains and along the
streams and inlets further in the in-
terior. It is only a few months that
they frequent spawning waters in num-
bers but even in this short time it is
claimed that an enormous quantity of
fish is eaten by them. The salmon,
Alaska’s most valuable fish, suffers
the most. This has been shown by the
investigations of the fish commission

THE OOLOGIST 157

who have proved conclusively that
the Bald Eagle is one of the strongest
contributing causes in the destruction
of the salmon during the spawning
season, and recommend that a bounty
be placed on the birds similar to the
one now in force in British Columbia.
Their contention is without doubt cor-
rect. The evidence against the eagle
is overwhelming for one only to see
it at work along the streams to satis-
fy himself that there must be thous-
ands of salmon that become its vic-
tims as they attempt to work their
way up stream. The destruction of
this number of salmon is a great
economic loss and the recommenda-
tion of the Bureau of Fisheries is only
a logical one.

Omitting further discussion relative
to Bald Eagle flocks and the fish con-
sumed by them let me now mention
another instance where due to its
abundance and pernicious habits this
raptore is proving itself a pest. To
the westward, from Kodiak to far out
in the Aleutian chain, many Alaskans,
both whites and natives, are engaged
in what is known as fox farming, the
breeding of the rarer foxes—blues, sil-
ver-greys, and crosses—for the fur
market. These farms are usually lo-
cated on the smaller islands and in
most cases the foxes are unprotected
since the owners of these enterprises
seldom live in the immediate vicinity.
Our subject the eagle, cunning as he
is, is well aware of this fact and does
not hesitate to attack both the adult
and young foxes whenever the oppor-
tunity is afforded. All breeders of
foxes in the open must contend with
this plunderer. At Sand Point, in the
Shumigan Islands, I was shown the
badly mutilated skins of two blue
foxes that had been victims of eagles
'raids. Both skins were hopelessly
torn and practically worthless. When
one considers that a blue fox skin

brings from thirty dollars upwards in
the fur market, it is little wonder that
the fox breeders have become the
Sworn enemies of this unpopular bird.
It is the worst foe with which they
have to combat, and every effort is
made toward its extermination. Every
eagle is shot when possible, and nests
found containing young or eggs are
promptly destroyed.

In the foregoing I have attempted to
give some sort of idea of status of the
Bald Eagle in Alaska. In concluding
one other point should be touched up-
on, which particularly concerns the
ornithologist. This is relative to the
slaughter of song and other birds by
the above. From my observations no
other reptore is more destructive to
bird life. No member of the feathered
tribe is immune from its attacks;
both land and water birds are treated
alike. At Unalaska there was found at
different times around several eagle
eyries the feathered remains of nearly
every species common to those parts
indicating that seemingly a bird diet
is as desirable as one of fish. Among
the water birds found were puffins,
auklets, murres, murrelets, gullimots,
ducks, and several species of waders,
while among the song bird victims

were Alaskan Longspurs, Aleutian
Rosy Finches, Western Savannah
Sparrows, Shumigan Fox Sparrows,

and a sub-species of the Song Spar-
row. Indentification of many of these
birds was difficult but in the cases
of the Longspur and Rosy Finch it
was comparatively simple for their
beautiful markings could always be
recognized. Birds captured by the
eagle and not taken to the nest are
usually carried to some cliff or knoll
on an islet to be devoured. When
rambling about the hills and cliffs in
the vicinity of the village of Unalaska
one frequently runs across’ these
places that have been selected by the

158 THE OOLOGIST

eagles as butchering grounds, each
one strewn with the remains of their
victims. In these places it seems that
the Pigeon Gullimot’s feathers are
found most often. Fully half the birds
found are of this species. I can only
account for this by the fact that they
are rather slow about diving and also
that they seem to experience great
difficulty in rising from the water. It
would be quite easy for the white
headed marauder to swoop down upon
them when attempting the latter.
From the above does it not seem
that in order to preserve our more val-
uable birds in Alaska the ranks of the
Bald Eagle should be thinned out?
Bird life would thrive much _ better
without it. But little can be said in

its favor. It has no economic value.
Why then, should it be allowed to
continue its depredations? In the

Aleutians its abundance is in all prob-
ability one of the reasons for the scar-
city of bird life there. Besides its
destruction of birds I have touched up-
on two other cases where its pres-
ense is undesirable. There are still
others. Throughout Alaska it rapaci-
cusness is notorious. It is to be re-
greted that so handsome and majestic
a bird causes so much havoc, but leav-
ing aside sentiment one cannot get
away from the fact that its presence
is deleterious to the natural resources
of the territory.
I. J. Van Kammen.
[The foregoing is certainly a splen-

did contribution to our readers. We
hope Mr. Van Kammen will “come
again” and often.—Editor. ]
bes Bae ae ee
Alarming Scarcity of Vultures.
By HE. Pope:
After an absence of three or four

years the writer returned to Texas in
1911, and at once noted a marked de-
crease in the numbers of both Cath-
artes aura and Cathartes uruba. Each

succeeding year the decrease in the
number of these birds has been steady
and more marked, until now, they are
actually scarce. Eight or nine years
ago it was no uncommon sight to see
more than 100 vultures (about equai-
ly divided as to species) gathered
around a single carcass, with the re-
sult that in a very short time nothing
but closely picked bones were left
to bleach in the sun, instead of a slow-
ly decaying mass of flesh to menace
the health of those living in the vicin-
ity. Two weeks ago a neighbor’s cow
mired in a small creek near our home
—too near for comfort,—became chill-
ed over night and died. Water rend-
ered cremation out of the question;
the expected freshet in the creek to
carry away the carcas never came,
therefore the only thing left was to
hire a bunch of negro laborers to bury
the remains,—an expensive and * * *
words fail us * * * proceeding. Dur-
ing the ten or twelve days which
elapsed between the death and burial
of this unfortunate bovine only three
vultures were observed at the carcass,
two aura and a single uruba, which of
course were entirely unequal to the
task before them, and either through
indifference which comes with satia
tion or from disappointment at the
failure of expected reinforcements,
after a few hours visit for three suc-
cessive days, the lonely trio took wing
and were seen no more.

Vultures no doubt convey germs of
a deadly disease of cattle, for which
single fault our wise(?) Legislators
have legalized and encouraged their
destruction, with the result that na-
ture’s chief scavangers, whose only
price for their inestimable service to
man is permission to breathe of the
air which their very existence helps to
keep from contamination, are now en-
tering upon the same trail which has
been traveled by the Great Auk, Pas-

THE OOLOGIST 159

senger Pigeon, Carolina Paroquet and
others. Permitting the extermination
of the birds above enumerated is a
hideous blot on the escutcheon of our
Republic which can never be effaced.
The very best and the very least that
we can do from now on is to prevent
the smear from spreading. We can
do it, but will we? | .

In the case of the Vultures the time
to act is NOW!

By the simple act of vaccination
cattle may now be rendered practical-
ly immune from the disease which the
vulture has helped to spread and for
which unwitting sin he has paid so
dearly, so why not let the veterinar-
ians do their work and protect the
vultures wnile there are still a few
to protect. Surely we should be able
to profit by California’s unspeakable
shame in the case of her noble Condor.

There are perhaps few if any oolo-
gists who do not possess at least a
small series of sets of the beautiful
eggs of both aura and uruba. Hang
on to your Vultures. Unless speedy
action is taken to check the threat-
ened extinction of these birds, vulture
eggs will soon be as rare in Texas and
other southern states as they are in
Canada.

ee a ee
Turkey Vulture Eggs.

While looking through the rocky
hills around Ft. Worth, I found one
egg of the Turkey Vulture. This is
the way I found it. The bird flew out
and on looking under an overhanging
rock I discovered what looked to be
a set of two, but on closer examina-
tion I found the bird was setting on
one egg and a nearly round stone the
same size of the egg, and a few broken
egg shells laying just outside of the
nest, or the spot where she was sit-
ting, as though there were once two
eggs in the set.

And the thing I would like to know

is this: The egg is so heavily spot-
ted that I would like to save it as a
set, but I don’t know if this one egg
would be counted as a set or not. So
any information along this line in re-
gard to it being a set, would be highly
appreciated. Earl E. Moffatt.

In a letter to Mr. Moffatt, under
date of April 21, 1916, Mr. E. F. Pope
of Colmesneil, Texas, says:

“In reply to your letter of the 17th
inst., would state that I have never
found a nest of the Turkey Vulture
corresponding in every particular with
the nest you mention, although I have
found several nests containing but one
egg more or less incubated, as well as
many nests with but one young, how-
ever, the result of many years of close
observation and study of our vultures,
leads me to believe that a complete
set of but one egg is very rare.

In this instance the broken egg
shells you observed near the nest are
pretty good evidence that this set was
composed of two eggs. The first egg
laid may have been broken by being
rolled around with the stone in the
nest, or it may have been destroyed
by one of the numerous’ prowlers
which delight to feast upon eggs.
Under the circumstances, I hardly
think you would be justified in call-
ing this egg a full set, but if the egg
is a well marked specimen, as you
state, it is well worth preserving, as
the day is fast approaching when vul-
ture eggs are going to be quite desir-
able.

Vultures in this section are becom-
ing quite scarce and in localities
where I once found dozens of nests, I
am now fortunate to find one or two
in a whole season.

I would be glad to learn if you have
noted any marked decrease in the
numbers of vultures in your section of
the country.”

160 THE OOLOGIST

White Oak Snag near Waynesburg, Pa., containing excavation of Pileatea
Woodpecker (the hole near the top).
—Photo by S. S. Dickey.

THE OOLOGIST 161

The Hybrid Flicker.

The case of the Hybrid Flicker is
not that there is an occasional hybrid
among the Flickers along the eastern
base of the Rocky Mountains but that
hybrid birds are common. Dr. Elliott
Coues in his Key to North American
Birds, says of them: “A species, sub-
species, variety, race, strain hybrid, or
transitional form, in which the respec-
tive characters of C. auratus and C.
mexicanus are blended in every con-
ceivable degree in different specimens.
Moustaches red or black, or partly
both, on one or both sides of the body,
and present or absent in the g; red
moustache present with yellow wings
and tail, or black ones with red wings
and tail. Red nuchal crescent present
or absent; present in connection with
red wings and tail.” “Such Flickers
prevail widely in the Rocky Moun-
tains, in some parts to the exclusion
of birds showing the proper charac-
ters of either species.” Here in Weld
County, Colorado, fifteen miles from
the foothills of the mountains, the
Red-shafted Flicker is the common
Flicker, and I have never seen the
eastern Yellow-shaft, but the Hybrids
are quite common. I have not seen
the mixed moustache characters which
Dr. Coues mentions, but I have noticed
the yellow shafts, and the red nuchal
crescent in the male.

Dr. Coues’ remarks are so entertain-
ing and instructive that I quote fur-
ther from him. “The case is unique
in ornithology, and has proved refrac-
tory to the machinery of zoological
classification—tot homines, tot senten-
tiae. It was first brought to light in
1843 when Audubon found the birds he
subsequently named C. Ayersii at old
Fort Union at the mouth of the Yellow-
stone river, on the Missouri, at the
present border between North Dakota
and Montana; I have read in his man-
uscript, penned on the spot, his naive

expression of amazement at a_phe-
nomenon which has served to pique
the curiosity and complete perplexity
from that day to this.”
Geo. E. Osterhout.

Windsor, Colo.

AES eS ie

Some Western Birds.

White-throated Swift.

Aeronautes melanoleucus! What a
charm the very name has for me.
There is something about it suggestive
of the wildness and freedom of the
bird himself. White-throated Swift!
To me it always brings a picture of a
precipitous rock-wall above the foam-
ing Santa Clara where I first met this
dashing aeronaut; the memories of
lofty pine meadows beloved of the Cal-
ifornia Condor, and of boulder-strewn
gorges where the murmur of falling
waters mingled with the song of Can-
yon Wren and Water Ouzel.

Since that first memorable day |
have met the handsome fellow many
times, and learned to love him well.
With the heart of an EKagle, the speed
of a Falcon, and the trim neatness of
a Hummingbird, he is indeed the very
spirit of the storms that blow about
his rocky fastness.

In Southern California the White-
throated Swift is a permanent resi-
dent. During most of the year the
birds remain in the isolated mountain-
cus regions, coming down into the
lower country only when driven by
the wintry gales. Yet common as they
are in chosen sections, so swift and
sure is their flight that they defy the
efforts of the most expert wing shot,
and their eggs are seldom taken from
the usually inaccessible crevices of
the cliffs.

The bird is from six and one-half to
seven inches in length; black except
for white throat and breast and white
patches on wing and side of rump; the
wing is from five and one-half to six

162 THE OOLOGIST

inches in length; the forked tail is
about half as long as the wing. This
species lacks the spiny tail feathers
of the Vaux Swift (Chaetura vauxi),
which is sometimes found during the
late fall in company with our bird.

As has been stated before, the White-
throated Swift is preeminently a
mountain-loving species, nesting in
what are known as the Upper Sonoran
and Transition Zones. Where some
high bare-faced cliff rears its cress:
above the cool canyon depths, and
there is little or no evidence of human
existence, you are likely to find a col-
ony of these birds, dashing and wheel-
ing in mid-air, darting in and out of
the nesting rannies; all the while
twittering incessantly in their pecu-
liar high-pitched voice.

But few birds can compare with this
Swift in powers of flight. He seems
tc be forever on the wing, now diving
like a plummet straight down the
mountain side, now shooting up into
the bright sunlight with the speed of
a rocket, pursuing his insect prey wiih
almost incredible rapidity, or restless-
ly darting in and out of the crevices
in the rock that perhaps conceals his
nest.

The bird is a comparatively late
breeder in this vicinity, starting to
build about the middle of May, and
fresh eggs may be found from the last
week in May to the latter part of June.
The Swifts are always gregarious,
from six to fifty pairs nesting to-
gether. As they are somewhat erratic
in their choice of a nesting site a
cliff that shelters a large colony one
year may be entirely deserted the foi-
lowing summer.

The nest is usually situated in some
inaccessible crack or pocket in the
face of a high cliff. It is no mean task
to swing down fifty or a hundred feet
at the end of a rope and try to get at
a nest placed three or four feet back

in an opening perhaps only three
inches in width, and usually all but
concealed from view by some projeci-
ing point of rock.

Vegetable fibers, straws, and large
feathers are used in the construction,
cemented together and to the rock by
the bird’s saliva. The nest forms a
rather small shallow basket, irregular
in shape to conform with the require-
ments of the particular cranny in
which it is placed. There is seldom
any lining added, at most a few soft
feathers are glued to the inside.

The eggs are from three to five in
number, pure white, and average about
.84x.50 inches. Very frequently one or
more eggs in a set are damaged by
being struck with bits of rock dis-
lodged from above the nest.

Sometimes the White-throated Swift
will be found nesting about some old
mission or deserted adobe ranch
house, but as a rule he does not take
kindly to conveniences provided by
man, preferring the secluded cliffs of
his forbears.

To this brave bird I offer the fol-
lowing verses which will perhaps bet-
ter express my sentiments than the
preceding cold prose.

Hail! You wild thing on restless wing,

Free pilot of the air,

You dart on high ’midst peaks that lie

Above our valleys fair.

You scorn the strife of urban life,

The flatness of the plain,

Along the marsh and desert harsh

We look for you in vain.

But far on high where earth and sky

Are blended as in one;
Where pinnacles kissed by

racked mist

Each morning greet the sun.
Where icy stream ’neath cliff does

gleam

And speckled trout to play,

*Tis there you swing on flashing wing

Along the rock-walls gray.

storm-

THE OOLOGIST 1638

Long may you ride down mountain
side
With heart that ne’er shall fail,
Long may you call from canyon wall,
You Spirit of the Gale.
D. I.Shepardson.

Los Angeles, Cal.
—_
Collecting Kingfisher Eggs.

I have read with interest in recent
numbers of THE OOLOGIST articles
on collecting Kingfisher eggs and
would like to add a method of my own
to the list.

Any eggs that are laid at the end
of a fairly straight tunnel as Swallows,
etc., can be collected this way. Asa
rule these eggs are difficult to collect
in fresh sets as being at the end of
a small tunnel. It is hard to tell when
the set is a complete fresh one, unless
the hole is dug into and this is almost
sure to make the birds leave the nest.

I overcome this pretty well by the
following method. First I get two mir-
rors, one small one, the other any
large hand mirror. Next I fasten a
piece of wire a few inches long on the
end of a long stick or cane and slip
the wire through a small slit cut in
the paper back of the smaller mirror
and bend the wire so it will be about
45 degrees with the stick.

Thrust the cane with the mirror
end first into the nest hole and by
flashing sunlight on the smaller mir
ror from the larger one which is held
in the hand on the out side it is very
easy, especially if the hole is only 4-7
feet deep, to see the eggs by looking
in the small mirror which being bent
at an angle forms a very good “peri-
scope.” As the sunlight is flashed on
the eggs at the same time it is pos-
sible to tell if the eggs are fresh or
not. This way I have been able to
see what was at the end of a few such
nests, some of them pretty long ones.

Edwin Guy.

Camden, S. C.

A February Day Afield.

On the 6th of February, 1916, Mr.
B. 8S. Taubenhaus and the writer made
a trip on foot through the lower half
of Passaic County, New Jersey, start-
ing at Totowa and journeying through
Laurel Grove, Little Falls, Lower
Preakness, Preakness, Upper Preak-
ness and to and around Pompton Lake,
a jaunt of approximately twenty miles.

The ground was covered with about
five inches of wet snow at the out-
start, but, as the day wore on, this
rapidly decreased because of the ris-
ing temperature.

In all, twenty species of birds were
observed. This number is about ten
species less than is usually met with
in this section at this period of the
year, but, on the other hand, a num-
ber of species were present which are
worthy of more than passing interest.

Below is an annotated list of the
species observed and a few remarks
pertaining to them:

Mourning Dove—At Preakness, five
of this species were observed perching
in an apple tree about fifty feet from
the roadside. As we approached them
they flew off to another tree at the
center of a large open field. This rec-
ord is the only one which the writer
has made of this species in New Jer-
sey during the past decade and a half
during the month of February.

Marsh Hawk—One was recorded at
Little Falls and one at Preakness.

Cooper Hawk—One was seen flying
over the northern end of Pompton
Lake during the afternoon near sun-
set.

Red-shouldered Hawk—One was ob-
at Little Falls and one at Upper
Preakness.

Sparrow Hawk.—One was _.o ob-
served near Laurel Grove Cemetery
during the early morning. Another
specimen was seen at this same spot
on Sunday, January 30th. This was
probably the same bird.

164 THE OOLOGIST

Hairy Woodpecker—One was_ ob-
srved in the conifers just south of
Pompton Lake in Upper Preakness.

Downy Woodpecker—The first one
was seen in Little Falls and the re-
maining four in Preakness and Upper
Preakness.

Horned Lark— About’ twenty-five
were first observed feeding on the
ground in Preakness and shortly after
about twenty more were seen also on
the ground. Single birds were con-
tinually passing overhead while waik-
ing through this village. These are
the first of this species the writer has
observed since February 22d, 1914.
These were in a flock of ten at Bloom-
ingdale, Morris County.

Blue Jay—Common at all places
visited.

American Crow—Common through-
out the day.

Starling—Common at all points vis-
ited.

Pine Siskin—Two males were ob-
served in the conifers on the eastern
short of Pompton Lake. These two
and two more which were observed at
Little Falls on the 30th of January are
the only ones to be found this winter.

Snowflake—Twenty-five were oOb-
served in a field in Preakness. These
were feeding on the snow and flying
about near the ground while we were
observing them. This is the first record
the writer has made of this species
since January 14th, 1910, on the east-
ern slope of the Bearforts in West
Milford Township, Passaic County.

Tree Sparrow—During the day, ten
individuals were observed at the dif-
ferent points visited.

Slate-colored—Ten individuals were
observed in Laurel Grove, Little Falls
and Lower Preaknesss.

Northern Shrike—One was observed
at Preakness at noon resting on a
fence post near the road and afforded
us an excellent opportunity to ob-

serve him. This is the first to come
to the writer’s attention since Febru-
ary 22d, 1909 when one male was ob-
served at Midvale, Passaic County.

White-breasted Nuthatch—Two were
observed at Preakness and two in Up-
per Preakness. This species was par-
ticularly conspicuous because of its
rarity during the day.

Tufted Titmouse—Two were. ob-
served in Totowa, the only ones of
the day’s outing.

Chickadee—Common at Little Falls,
Lower Preakness, Preaknesss and
Pompton Lake.

There were a number species which
were very conspicuous because of
their total absence and the writer is
at a loss to offer suggestion as to why
we did not meet with them. These
were the Goldfinch, Brown Creeper,
Flicker, Meadowlark, Sharp-shinned
Hawk, Bluebird, Purple Finch, Fox
Sparrow, Golden-crowned Kinglet,
White-throated Sparrow, Yellow-bel-
lied Sapsucker, Red-headed Wood-
pecker, Ruffed Grouse and Winter
Wren. Frequent trips in the section
during the past decade and a half have
brought these species to light and it
is strange to have to note their ab-
sence. Louis S. Kohler.
Bloomfield, N. J.

oot AD 2 ee
Late Dates.

The following seemed unusually late
dates for this locality: Bernardsville,
N. J., August 6th, flushed a Vesper
Sparrow from nest on golf course,
(this nest was in the line of play and
many people passed within a few feet
of it daily.) On the 7th I collected 3
slightly incubated.

New Hamburg, N. Y., August 15th,
found 2 nests of the Cedar Waxwing
in an orchard. One nest contained a
fresh set of 4 eggs, the other 3, slight-
ly incubated, one of these is marked
entirely around the smaller end, leav-

THE OOLOGIST 165

ing the upper end unmarked.

Lake Mokegan, N. Y., August 16th,
found a female Yellow-billed Cuckoo
sitting on 2 heavily incubated eggs.

This last date is the latest I have
ever heard for this bird.

I. D. Campbell.
Good.

M. L. Alexander has been appoint-
ed by the governor of Louisiana to be
the Commissioner of Conservation of
the new Department of Conservation
created by the legislature of that state
during its last session.

The Department of Conservation
supersedes the former Conservation
Commission of Louisiana, which was
composed of three commissioners.
The new department of state has but
one head, the Commissioner. Mr. Alex-
ander was the president of the former
commission and his appointment to
the head of the new conservation body
is in the nature of a recognition of
his efficient management of the old
board.

Se Ae
Business (?)

In the course of a lifetime many
amusing business experiences come to
the lot of those who are so engaged,
not the least of which is the following,
viz:

Some time before leaving for Cali-
fornit we received a letter from a col-
lector named J. J. Wirz at Augusta,
Georgia, inquiring whether or not we
would purchase certain specimens of
birds eggs. We replied that if he
would quote us the price on said spe-
cimens we would then let him know
whether or not we could use them.

July 24th after we had left for Cali-
fornia a communication came to our
office reading as follows:

“Your letter Received. Im also Send-
ing you one Set of Swainson war. let-
ting you have them at 75c Per egg.

if you can youse any more let me
know at once. I have Several Sets
More. Mr. Wirtz and I also have Some
more Rear egg. I will let you have
them at your own Price. these is
what we have

king fisher Set of 5 2

trail fly catcher Set of 3

SProfanitary Set of 5

Wood Pee

Vireo Set of --- 3

great cursted fly catch Set 4

1% Set of Summer Red Bird 2 eggs

6 indigo Bunting Set of 3

1 Set of Painting Bunting with Dou-
ble nest.

3 eggs in Bottom nest.
top nest.

These eggs all was found Perfectly
fresh. Im the Proffessional Bird egg
collector of Augusta Ga.

We Receive your letter.
yours kindly.

I have one Extraordinary Set of
Swainson war on the Road. it is a
Set of 4 very unusually find a Set of
four.

Answer at once Please.

Yours Truly
Johnnie Smith.”

August Ist there came to our oflice
during our absence a telegram as fol-
lows:

“Please send check at once.

Johnnie.”

This of course remained unanswer-
ed because of our absence in the
West, though it was forwarded to us
there, and being an entire mystery,
not having heard from the aforesaid
Johnnie, it was ignored.

August 14th another telegram came
to our office during our absence, sent
“Collect,” as follows:

“Please send check for
Warbler eggs; answer.

Johnnie Smith.”

Upon our return home the aforesaid
Johnnie was written fully and his
eggs returned to him unopened.

3 egg in

Thanking

Swainson

166 THE OOLOGIST

Thus closes what has been one of
our real amusing and interesting busi-
ness experiences.—Editor.

Se
Notice of Removal.

Gerard Alan Abbott advises THE
OOLOGIST that he bid farewell to the
slopes of Oregon where he saw over
one hundred breeding varieties. Mr.
Abbott is on Lake St. Clair, Michigan,
where he has been made Village Sup-
erintendent of Grosse Shores.

<>
A Letter.

I was always interested in collect-
ing birds eggs and interested in birds,
their habits. Asa boy I had the usuai
boy’s collection and as a young man
back in 1895 I started a collection,
however, not a scientific one, but one
of these “holes-at-both-end” kind and
{ only collected two eggs of each kind.
] didn’t even know then that so many
men made a very enjoyable past-time
of the work. I knew nothing of THE
OOLOGIST, didn’t even suppose there
was a paper devoted entirely to the
subject printed. I knew most of the
common birds about our town, knew
their habits and songs which is more
than one out of a thousand in this
“neck of the woods” knows. How
much of life they miss and how very
uninteresting the woods must seem
not knowing the songs and undoubted-
ly not even hearing the songs of our
feathered friends.

Since subscribing for THE OOLO-
GIST, I have been awakened to a new
and a more scientific study of birds
and my spare time has been given
over to a more thorough investigation;
data has been taken, blow pipe used
and full sets collected. I have been
enthused the more by the earnestness
with which my friend ‘Bud Kans”
has gone into the work with me. He
is but a boy enthusiastic and a love
of nature and the wilds. We have had

many enjoyable trips this summer and
made what to us were rare finds.
L. E. Healy.

>
A Remarkable List.

During the season of 1915 I found
the nests of these birds: Wood Duck,
Least Bittern, American Bittern, Least
Bittern, Great Blue Heron, Green
Heron, Bl. Cr. Night Heron, Clapper
Rail, Virginia Rail, Sora Rail, Black
Rail, Florida Gallinuie, Spotted Sand-
piper, Killdeer, Mourning Dove, Tur-
key Vulture, Red Shouldered Hawk,
Broad Wing Hawk, Sparrow Hawk, Os-
prey, Barn Owl, Horned Owl, Screech
Owl, Belted Kingfisher, Hairy Wood-
pecker, Downy Woodpecker, Flicker
Woodpecker, Chimney Swift, Kine-
bird, White-eye Vireo, White Warbler,
Blue-winged Warbler, Maryland Yel-
lowthroat, Catbird, House Wren,
Crested Flycatcher, Phoebe, Wood Pe-
wee, Acadian Flycatcher, ,Blue Jay,
American Crow, Fish Crow, Starling,
Cowbird, Blackbird,

Meadowlark, Baltimore Oriole, Pur-

Red-winged

ple Grackle, English Sparrow, Seaside
Field
Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Swamp Spar-

Sparrow, Chipping Sparrow,

row, Towhee, Cardinal, Rose Breasted

Grosbeak, Indigo Bunting, Scarlet
Tanager, Purple Martin, Tree Swal-
low, Bank Swallow, Rough-wing Swal-
low, Cedar Waxwing, Red-eye Vireo,
Yellow Warbler, Ovenbird,

Breaster Chat, Brown Thrasher, L. B.

Yellow

Marsh Wren.
T. E. McMullen.
Camden, New Jersey.

<> —
Copy.
We need—we must have copy. Can-

not you, dear reader, help us?
—Kditor.

THE OOLOGIST It

BOOKS—Continued

Have avery desirable lot of books on birds,
mammals, shells, etc., to exchange for books
and papers on insects. L. R. REYNOLDS,
2971 Pacific Ave., San Francisco, Calif.

Will exchange telescope, French glass about
16 diameters, 18 inch diameter objective,
brass mounting, slightly used—for Dawson’s
Birds of Ohio, Eaton’s Birds of New York or
peular work. T. L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey

.. McKeesport. Pa.

WANTED.--Back Volumes an@ numbers
of Bird Lore, and Osprey. Cassinnia. W. H.
BROOMHALL, Stockport, Ohio. (1-p)

FOR SALE.-Bird-Lore Vols. I to XIII
No. 3, 3 inclusive complete with indexes in
“at inal covers #35.00. THOS. L. McCON-

L, 1813 Huey St., McKeesport, Pa. (1-p)

FOR SALE.—Bendire’s ‘Life Histories of
North American Birds” two volumes, newly
bound half morocco; perfect condition, price
$16.00. A. F. SMITHSON, Warrensburg, Mo.

WANTED.—Sport in Crimes and Caucasus,
Savage Svanetia, both by C. ae ae Wooley.
Address with price. WM. KMEIER
645 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

Who has any odd numbers of the 1913-1914
OOLOGIST to exchange? I have some odd
numbers of the OOLOGIST and CONDOR.

De SEyy ACR DSON: 209 BE. 87th St., Ios
Angeles, Cal.
WANTED.—‘‘The Auk,’ Vols. I and VI

(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W.. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagie Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

WANTED.—BuJletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologic Club, Vol. I,cdd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif. Birae

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
hooks by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. All bird magazines, Ww.
- ERICKSON, 208 West 40th St.. Savannah,
7a.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Bback volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1. skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY K. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

TO EXCHANGE.—IL have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals {mostly Ornithological]
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, eggs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS,
Berwyn. Pan fe p]

FOR EXCH ANGE.—American Naturalist
1868, 1889, 1884, 1887, six volumes half leather.
Wanted Smithsonian Annual Reports for
1900, 1901, 1903, 1904. 1905, 1906. JOHN THOM P-
SON, Clinton, Ne Y.

FOR EXCHANGE—Preserved specimens

of Reptiles with U.S. Collectors only. C. A.

a 60 Lynnfield St., East Lynn Station.
ass.

KHXCHANGE-—Birds and all nature, March,
April, May, June and November 1899 ‘for best
offer. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton, N. Y.

FOR SALE.—Auk, Vol. 16 to 32 inclusive.
Also several volume s of Condor, ae Osprey.
No reasonable offer refused. E. J. WHEEL-
FR, 177 Pequot Ave., New London, Conn.

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ ‘California
Water Birds, No. IV,” for which I will pay
any reasonable price. W. E, CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WANTED. Correspondence with collect-
ors of butterflies. DR. T. W. RICHARDS,
U.S. Navy. care of Navy Department, Wash-
nee, 1D) (Cr (1-p)

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. E xchangei. 1 0othernumbers
a reasonable cash price. EK. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

WANTED.—For cash “The Oologist”’ (this
magazine) Volume3 No.4and Volume4N..

1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y.
WANTED,—In good condition: Nidiolo-

gist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.
IV No. 3 and index; Vol. I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index

Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. ITI No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. 1.4
No. 6 and index. How many back numbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exehange for any of above.

sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOH
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

MISCELLANEOUS,

WANTED.
some one in the vicinity of Boston.
WARD S. COOMBS, Boston, Mass.

—To buy an egg cabinet ee
uy )-

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber collecting gun, suitable for
shot cartridges. R. P. SHARPLES. West
Chester, Pa.

WANTED.—A collecting gun; also5x 7long
bellows camera and 8 x 10 lens; also 34 x 44
long focus, plate. hand camera with Dagor
lens. A. D. DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

FOR SALE.—One 4x 5 long focus reversible
back Premo; one 5 x 7 Crown Anastigmat
4.5 lens in Ilex Acme shutter; one 4 x dplate
ank, and other photographic accessories.
AG: DUBOIS, Dutton, Montana.

Coati-Mundi (Nasua narica). These ani-
mals are related to our Northern Racoons,
but inhabit the tropic and sub-tropic regions.
{ have a specimen nicely mounted on a
polished stand. Can probably furnish a
photo. For full description. price, ete. ad-
dress MILTON J. HOFMANN, 1818 Bleecker
St., Brooklyn, N. Y,

mae

Wanted rare American Indian or ancient
Egyptian relics. Can offer thousands of cut
and polished precious and semi-precious
stones suitable for mounting or the cabinet,
also high grade cameras. L. V. CASH, Tarry-
town, N. (p-1)

FOR SAL#.—A very fine 50 drawer quarter
sawed oak cabinet, At a bargain. Des-
cription and price on request. Desirable
Indian Relics from Arkansas localities. H.
E. WHEELER, Jonesboro, Ark.

iV THE OOLOGIST

THE CONDOR

IN PRESS A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Extensive Catalogue Published Bi-monthly by the

Cooper Ornithological Club of California

Books on Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study”’ can easily un-

North American Birds derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated

JOHN H. SHERMAN, JUr., by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.60 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 30c.

403 Seneca St.
Address

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y. W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,
Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

SUBSCRIBE

FOR

THE OOLOGIST

The best of all bird magazines. Send it to
some friend who is interested in Birds for a

Christmas Present. 50 cents.

TAXIDERMY

Pore woo XITT. No. 10.

ALBION, IN. Y., 00m. 15,, 1916.

WHOLE No. 351

BRIEF SPECIAL

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 eents

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional

serted for less than 25 cents.

word 1 cent. No notice in-

TAKE NOTICE.
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. _It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 351 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 341 your
subscription expired with December issue
1915. Other expirations can be compu ted by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

Entered as second-class matter De-
cember 21, 19038, at the post office at
Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress
of March 3, 1879.

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologist,”
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

eggs, or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR.

BIRDS

WANTED-—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, II!

WANTED. — Nests of North American
Birds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will
appreciate list of what you have to exchange
or sell. LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808
Webster St., Waco, Texas.

IT havea lot of fine duck skins with heads
folded over the back which I will exchange
for skins of common small land birds. A.C.
BENT, Taunton, Mass.

EXCHANGE.—I want a pair each of strict-
ly first-class skins of a number of eastern
warblers and sparrows, including many
common kinds, for which I can offer some
western Oregon land birds. If interested,
please send list. Whocan use good skins of
Mountain Beaver (Apladontia pacifica) for
cash? ALEX WALKER, Hemlock, oe

AY

WILL EXCHANGE.—Seyveral fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus (Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

WANTED.—Copies of North American
Fauna series, Biological Survey bulletins,
and certain Bird Lore’s to complete series,
for which I offer ornithological books and
magazines, and rare Alaska bird skins. GEO,

G. CANTWELL, Puyallup, Wash. rae
(1-p

FOR EXCHANGE —- Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Who wants three Golden Eagles and two
Bald Eagles, hand raised, 3 and 4 years old?
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE—Good pair of the nearly
extirpated Piping Plover for a_ good skin
adult male Mangrove Warbler. C. L. PHIL-
LIPS. 5 West Weir St., Taunton, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Mounted birds, No.
51 137. 139, 230. 339, 360, for eggs. RAMON
GRAHAM, 401 W. Leuda St., Fort Worth,
Texas. (1-p)

ansonian Instiz,
%,
G

BIRDS--NESTS--EGGS /<*
*% OCT 211916

tl THE OOLOGIST

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange notiees
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerais in your exchange notice Ip
their numerieal order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

Oologist Tools and Supplies. Books anda
Magazines of every description, Fishing
Rods and Tackle. Lists. quotations prompt
ly sent. BENJAMIN HOAG, “‘sarfield, N. Y.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, III.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this locality during the coming
season in exchange for desirable postage
epainus: GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,
Sonn.

FORItEXCHANGE.— Mounted Birds and
finely prepared sets for Kkntomology supplies
and books. Send list toGUY LOVE, Oberlin,
Kansas. he NOno:

FOR EXCHANGE.--Eggs of Coots, Florida
Galinules, Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns. Killdeers,etec. DELOS
HAiCH, Oakfield. Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
prrces write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

a.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Nests and sets of 316,
339, 360, 373. 443, 488, 498 505, 513. 552. 593. 604, 633,
703, 704, 735. RAMON GRAHAM, “Taxider-
mist,” 401 W. Leuda St., Fort Worth, Tex. (1)

FOR EXCHANGE.—Full sets of 1, 3. 11, 16,
30, 32, 37, 49, 53, 65, 71. 77, 80, 108, 117. 120c, 121,
122, 126, 141, 155, 18%, 191. 197, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214.
219, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 243, 261, 263, 264, 269. 275,
280, 293, 294, 329, 331, 333. 333. 337, 337b. 339, 339b.
341, 343, 348, 355, 359. 360, 3604, 362, 364. 365, 366,
367, 373, 375, 375d, 378. 385, 387, 388. 390. 406, 409,
414, 413, 416, 420. 423. 431. 444, 452, 456, 461, 466a,
467, 474b, 475, 477, 477a, 488, 494, 498, 501, 506, 513.
529, 540, 566, 584, 595, 598, 608, 611. 612, 613, 622, 627,
628, 631, 652, 656, 658, 659. 667, 674. 577, 679. 681, 683.
687, 704, 705, 713, 725, 735, 756. 761 and 766. OT-
Ne a REINECKE, 400 Elm St., Bota:
Nie ele -p

WANTED.— To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140. 153, 192, 277. 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317, 318, 344. 352a and many others.
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
Cereed BK. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,

TiZ.

WANTED.--All sets of mv taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 598, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY 610 Baylor St..
Austin, Texas.

NOVA SCOTIA BIRDS EGGS.—A few per-
sonally collected sets of eggs from this region,
in beautiful sets of Nos. 228, 334, 459, 517. 567,
648a, 655, 657, 667, 740a. 748 and others. Write
for my list. R. WwW. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova
Scotia.

EGGS

EXCHANGE.—Have fine sets 263 1-4, 3S
1-11. other common ones. Want fine sets or
singles from other localities as S. A., Canada,
ete) LYLE Do MELEER, BE: Vierion
Bay ov eee nee eee wr Fee se A ee Fey)

EXCHANGE.—Who has any sets of birds
of prey toexchange and what do you want?
I want Nos. 575-378. S. V. WHARRAM,
Austinburg, O.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. MEARL B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—KEggs of Nova Scotia
birds’ eggs in sets, for high grade hammer-
less shot gun, rifle or revolver. Send full
particulars of same and get my list. R. W.
TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE — 1911-4, 299b, 1-11, 291 1-11

5. 732 1-6, 736a n-6, and others.
above all Al material, personally collected.
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

Small collection Japanese eggs. 25 species,
42 sets 160 specimens, all carefully prepared,
correctly named and with date, many very
beantiful. Free by parcel post for $15 or
would exchange for handsome sets A. Ue
364 List sent. Address “‘Colleetor,’’ 15 Beau-
fort, West Balti, England. (9-3)

First-class eggs in sets from this locality
to exchange for Ornithological papers, N. A.
Fauna’s. Biological Survey Bulletins, etc.
CHAS. W. TINDALL, Independence, a

=p

Want southern and Western sets, some
quite common. Have to exchange northern
seabird sets.4 x 5camera etc. Climbers, and
stamps. Write F. M. CARRYL, 19 Burnett
St., Maplewood, N. J. (1-p)

Wanted to exchange a few first-class sets
of the American Osprey. B. OVERING-
TON, 120 W. Lancaster Ave., Wayne, ar

-p

WANTED.—349 1-2 well marked for which
I offer the following sets 352 1-2, 663 n-4, 4161-2.
T. D. PERRY, Savannah, Ga.

BOOKS.

Will exchange telescope, French glass about
16 diameters, 1% inch diameter objective,
brass mounting. slightly used—for Dawson’s
Birds of Ohio, Eaton’s Birds of New York or
similar work. T. L.McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St., McKeesport, Pa.

THE OOLOGIST

Von. XXXIII. No.10. Apion, N. Y., Ocr. 15,1916. WuHoue No. 851

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Ill.

All lovers of wild life are to be con-
gratulated over the fact that the new
Federal Migratory Bird Law has been
construed by the regulations which
were adopted and issued August 21,
1916, in such a way as will prevent all
Spring shooting of water fowl. Also
to protect Band-tailed Pigeons, Cranes,
Wood ducks, Swan, Curlew, Willet,
Upland Plover and the smaller shore
birds until September 1, 1918, at which
time it is to be hoped that those hav-
ing charge of these matters will have
sense enough to extend the closed sea-
son for Cranes, Wood ducks, Swan,
Upland Plover, Woodcock and similar
birds indefinitely.

aS

Likewise bird lovers a
gratulated over the fact of the ratifi-
cation of the United States—Canadian
bird treaty which protects 1022 spe-
cies of migratory birds for all time.

This is as it should be a move in the
right direction, and will result in an
estimable benefit to the agriculturists
in both Canada and the United States,
if it is enforced without fear or favor
as it should be.

Both the new Federal Migratory
Bird Law and the United States-Can-
adian Bird Treaty referred to, make
proper provisions for reasonable scien-
tfic collecting.—R. M. Barnes.

Notice To Advertisers

The holiday season will soon be
here. THE OOLOGIST will, as it has
since coming under the present man-
agement, issue a specially attractive
number for Christmas, which will be

sent out to many who are not subscrib-
ers as an advertising sample copy. Ail
who desire to take advantage of this
fact should get their advertisements to
us early.—The Editor.

qnsonlan NStity
Ja ™

% OCT 211916
The New Bird Laws ,

*tional Mus

168 THE OOLOGIST

Interesting Nests and Eggs.
By Dr. R. W. Shufeldt,
Washington, D. C.

(Four photographs by the author.)

Upon numerous occasions, during
the past fifteen years, I have had op-
portunity to mention the exceptionally
fine oological collection of Mr. Edward
J. Court, “of Washington, 9: Ca] He
has brought together not only a won-
derful series of the eggs of North
American birds, but his enthusiasm is
responsible for what we find added to
these in the way of eggs of the birds
of the Philippines, South America, and
especially Australia, of which last he
probably owns the finest collection of
any private individual residing at the
National Capital. Of recent years he
has paid no little attention to collect-
ing the nests of many North American
species, and these now number sev-
eral hundred varieties.

Very recently Mr. Court afforded me
the opportunity to examine many of
these nests, together with the clutches
of eggs that had been taken with not
a few of them; indeed I believe, in
most instances where he has the nest
of some species not commonly found
in nidological collections, he also has
to show the set of eggs that were col-
lected with it.

While going over many of these
treasures the other evening, it occur-
red to me that descriptions of a few
of the rarer specimens of nests—and
incidentally the eggs—of Mr. Court’s
cabinets might be quite worth the
while. With this in view, and accept-
ing his usual kind offer, I borrowed
a number of specimens for study and
description. Among these I find the
following: First, an unusually beauti-
ful nest and set of eggs of Cassin’s
Vireo (Lanivireo s. cassini). This is
an elegant structure, even for a Vireo,
—hbirds that build handsomely in any
event. Its walls has an average thick-

ness of about a centimeter and a half,
being somewhat thicker below and in
front than elsewhere. (Fig. 1). In
form it is hemispherical. Its nearly
circular entrance or opening is in the
horizontal plane, with the margins
cleverly woven round the forked twigs
of a branch of a black oak tree,—the
fork having an angle of about fifty
degrees,—while in front a small twig
is incorporated into the weave, which
greatly adds to the support of the en-
tire nest. There is but very slight
contriction to the entrance, which has
an average diameter of five and a half
centimeters, the central depth being
three and a half centimeters. This
nest is heavily lined with a very fine
wiry root of some kind or other, of a
light tan color. As a lining, this pre-
sents many advantages, for it is cool,
strong, and not capable of retaining
moisture for any length of time; so
that, were it wet from a rain, it would
quickly dry again. Externally, the
builder first used rather longish pie-
ces of what appears to be the bark of
some reed or other; they are pale in
color, vary in length, and woven in
the most intricate manner possible.
As it is not easy to say just what kind
of plant furnished any part of the
nest, Iam compelled to describe it and
place it as near as I can, so that, be-
tween the figure and the description,
a fair idea may be gained of the struc-
ture as a whole.

Not satisfied with this compact and
commodious home, this vireo must
needs undertake to decorate the outer
surface of her nest, which, in this in-
stance, has been done with tiny bits
of some vegetable substance that re-
semble the white sheaths to the buds
of a sage-brush or artemesia. These
dot the structure at irregular inter-
vals all over, at average distances of
half an inch or less apart. There is
also present a thin, almost impercep-

‘ypremNyS “M “MU “Ad Aq 0JOUd—

(1uISSBO *S OdUIAIUR]) OdUIA S,UISSeD JO s66a pue }seN

Nest and Eggs of Black-tailed Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica)
—Photo by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt.

THE OOLOGIST 169

tible, broken net-work of an extremely
fine vegetable wool of a tan color,
which has been applied with extreme
skill and neatness, and with the evi-
dent purpose of keeping the aforesaid
white bits in their respective places.
As a matter of fact, both may have
been gathered from the same brush or
plant, and I am inclined to believe
that they were.

Mr. A. M. Ingersoll collected this
nest at Cuyamaca, San Diego County,
California, on May 31, 1908; he also
took with it the four fresh eggs that
had been laid by the bird. It was
about seven feet up; and when he vis-
ited it, four days before collecting the
specimen, it contained two eggs, and
the bird was singing on the rim of the
nest. (Set mark, 2163).

The eggs are pure white, and meas-
ure on the average 2x1.5 cms. Each
is sparsely speckled with extremely
fine little specks of a rusty brown
color, chiefly about the larger end
(Fig. 2.); in fact, there are no specks
at the apical moiety of any one of
them.

Another very remarkable nest of
this collection is a fine one of the
Black-tailed Gnatcatcher (Polioptila
californica), here shown, with the set
of the four eggs it contained, in Figs.
3 and 4. This specimen was likewise
collected by Mr. A. M. Ingersoll, in
San Diego County, California, April
12, 1892. Its label states (Set mark,
1643) that the nest was in a white
sage on a bushy hillside. The female
was very tame, and allowed the col-
lector to touch her several times be-
fore she flew off the eggs.

In its general form, this nest is of
an elongo-pear-shaped form, snugly set
in between the branching twigs of the
bush in which it was built, having a
moderate incline toward the centre of
it. It has a length of nearly 10.5 cms.,
while its circular entrance has a di-

=

ameter of but 3.5 cms., the rim being
about a centimeter thick all around.
There is a very slight contraction of
the latter toward the center, while the
depth of the concavity is about 3.5
cms.

The general color of this nest is
stone-gray, it being composed of
densely woven, fine plant fibres, with
whitish, young, shriveled leaves and
bud-sheaths thickly covering its ex-
ternal surface, particularly the lower
half of the structure.

The four ovate eggs average 1.5x1.2
cms., and are of a pale blue color, fine-
ly speckled with minute specks of tan.
In two of them the specks are larger
at the butt, near which they form a
circlet, a character bnt very faintly
seen in the other two. They surely
are very small eggs to build such an
elaborate nest for; but then, there are

wide differences in such matters
among birds.
Shufeldt’s Junco (Junco hyemalis

connectens builds a nest closely re-
sembling other members of the genus
(Fig. 5.) The specimen in Mr. Court's
collection was taken, with its five
eses, by Mr. Je Elo Bowles,: June; 30,
1912, at Spanaway, Pierce County,
Washington, it having been found in
a dry prairie country with scattered
fir and oak. In places, these were dis-
tributed in small clumps, as it was
at the edge of one of these, on the
ground, at the foot of a fir four feet
high, that the bird had selected as
the site for its nest. The female was
flushed from the nest by Mr. Bowles
having brushed against the tree, and
she at once became very demonstra-
tive, remaining in the near vicinity of
the spot. For some reason or other
the male bird did not put in an appear-
ance.

This nest is composed entirely of
fine, dry grasses, woven together in a
most compact and intricate manner.

170 THE OOLOGIST

The lining material is but very slightly
finer than what is used for the balance
of the nest. As with other Juncoes,
the form is circular and somewhat flat-
tened from above downwards. Across
the top it measures about 10 cms., the
circle of the concavity proper having
a diameter of 6 cms., and a depth of
about 3.5 cms.

For the size of the bird, the pale
blue eggs are rather large, measuring,
on the average, 2.1x1.6 cms. A very
few fine specks are on the body of the
egg, while a well-pronounced circlet
of rather pale, rusty brown dottings
surround the butt, being about equally
well marked in all Specimens. Set
mark, T. 56.)

Our Brown-headed Nuthatch (Sitta
pusilla) lays one of the smallest eggs
of the Class Aves, it averaging but
1.4x1.15 in size. The eggs are almosv
white, being more or less. thickly
speckled all over with very minute
specks of a pale, rusty-brown, chiefly
at the larger end. This nest (Fig. 6)
was. taken by, Mr. “Court. and Ir:
George Woodruff from an old Downy
Woodpecker’s hole, found in the neigh-
borhood of Point Lookout. St. Mary’s
County, Maryland, April 30, 1911. (Set
mark, N-5). For a nest of this spe-
cies, or, indeed, of any Nuthatch, it
is in very perfect condition, for it is
usually very loosely put together, and
easily falls apart upon being taken out
of the excavation where found. This
one is composed of the fibrous bark
of some vine or other, with consider-
able blackish wool on one side, mixed
with the thin, flaky, and very light
and fragile bark of apparently some
sort of grape-vine. All is very loose-
ly held together, and flattens out con-
siderably when placed on a hard, plane

surface, as I arranged it for the pur-

pose of making my negative. It shows
very well, however, the component
parts of the nest, and the beautiful
set of eggs it contained.

Legends for Figures.

(Figures all natural size and repro-
ductions of photographs by the
author.)

Fig. 1. Nest of Cassin’s Vireo (Lan-
ivireo s. cassini).

Fig. 2. Eggs of Cassin’s Vireo (Lan-
ivireo s. cassini). Found in the nest
shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3. Nest of Black-tailed Gnat-
catcher (Polioptila californica).

Fig. 4. Eggs of the Black-tailed
Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica).
Found in the nest shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5. Nest and eggs of Shufeldt’s
Junco (Junco h. connectens).

Fig. 6. Nest and eggs of Brown-
headed Nuthatch (Sitta pusilla).

Texas Bird Notes.

March 24, 1916—Screech Owl found
nesting one hundred feet from camps,
in a live elm. Hollow ten feet up, and
one foot deep; small hollow. Tree
near Hodgkins bayou of Lake Worth,
on this date cne egg in nest, and on
the 3lst there were three eggs, so it
took the owl seven days to lay two
eggs. April 38d there were a set of
four eggs. No more eggs were laid.
So Mrs. Owl was eleven days laying
a set of four eggs. These owls were
noticed around the tree about a week
before they ever laid.

June 19, 1916—Humming bird. 1-2,
Nest on tree wart; the limb that held
the nest had been broken off of the
main tree by the wind, and fell hang-
ing on another limb below; nest of
tree bark, moss and tiny seed pods,
woven together with spider webs and
lined with cotton.

June 20, 1916—Turkey Vulture. 1-2.
Under rock six feet back, near top of
rocky hill. No nest eggs laid on shelled
rock. I had these eggs for five days
then I decided to blow them, and they
were hatching, so I set them aside to
watch the hatching process. They

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THE OOLOGIST 171

hatched in three days, so I had to
murder them. I never knew before
that it would take the eggs that long
to hatch. Ramon Graham.
Ft. Worth, Texas.

ee
The Hermit Thrush.
Here, on the river, a shining reach,
My loved canoe and the sunset glow;
Gray rocks inverted in the tide,
Two silver birches that lean below.

Sudden, as twilight gathers round,
And the ripples stir as I drift along,
Close to the bank, where the branches
bend,
The Hermit Thrush bursts into song.

Joyous and clear on the quiet air,
Peals forth that wonderful silver

strain,

Like the sunset bells from the wild
tower

Of some gray convent in far-off
Spain.

In the streets i left an hour ago,
News of battle across the foam—

Strife and carnage in lands afar---
Grief and mourning with us at home.

War’s red hand over land and sea,

Ruin that smites the field and
hearth;

Thunder of guns on the Northern
main,

Tramp of armies that fill the earth.

Yet here on the river, a shining reach,
Golden ripples that stir and cease,
And clear and sweet through the gath-
ering gloom, ;

silver voice
Peace.

The that sings of

_ Evelyn Smith Tufts.
ela ee ae

Winter Birds at London, Ontario.
Perhaps some of THE OOLOGIST
readers will be interested in the fol-
lowing list of birds which have been
observed in and around our city dur-
ing the months of January and Febru-

ary of this year, 1916:
Crow, Bluejay, Downy
Hairy Woodpecker,
Nuthatch, Red-breasted Nuthatch,
Chickadee, Golden-crowned Kinglet,
Cedar Waxwing, Tree Sparrow, Slate-
colored Junco, Prairie Horned Lark,
Screech Owl, American Merganser,
American Herring Gull, Robin, Cardi-
nal, Kingfisher, Flicker, Ruffed Grouse,
Song Sparrow, Red-bellied Woodpeck-
er, Goldfinch, Snowflake.

Two or three Cardinals stay here
every winter. <A pair or two breed
here, and we hope they may soon be-

American
Woodpecker,
White-breasted

come more common. Nearly every
winter a lone Robin, Flicker, King-

fisher and Song Sparrow may be seen.
Our first spring migrant, a Song Spar-
row was seen and heard on February
23d, but his song was a trifle wheezy.
The sun is getting strong now and
a few more days of warm weather will
loosen up his vocal cords, and give us
Robins, Bluebirds, Grackles, Meadow-
larks and Killdeers.
J. R. McLeod.
London, Ontario.
*<P> <
“Whale Birds. ”

On cruisers in the North Pacific and
the Bering Sea it has always been of
interest to the writer to see the my-
riads of petrels and shearwaters and
occasionally other birds that frequent
the vicinity of schools of whales. To
sea-going men they are known under
the one name, of “whale birds” regard-
less of species, and when a flock of
them is met with at sea it is almost
invariably a sign that a school of
whales is not far distant. This fact is
of great value to whalers operating in
northern waters and is frequently
made use of by them, for a horde of
“whale birds’ can be seen at a much
greater distance than the _ spouters,
enabling the whalers to locate the
school quicker than by the

blows

172 THE OOLOGIST

alone. The presence of many a school
of these leviathans has been betrayed
by their winged attendants.

During a recent cruise to the Pribi-
lof Islands via south-eastern Alaska
two such flocks of “whale birds” were
observed in company with schools of
whales and were noteworthy in that
each flock consisted, in as far as I could
see, of but one species of bird. The
first of these, encountered about 25
miles of Cape Scott, B. C., on May 16,
was the largest flock of whale follow-
ing birds that i have ever seen, and
was made up entirely of Dark-bodied
Sharwaters. The second flock, slight-
ly smaller than the first, and seen off
Yakatat, Alaska, on May 25th, were, if
my identification be correct, Leaches
Petrel. Both of these flocks contained
myriads of birds. They were visible
at a distance of three or four miles
and appeared as a dark cloud over the
surface of the sea. As the vessel ap-
proached nearer it was seen that not
only was the air filled with them but
the water was supporting a still great-
er number. Their cries as they flit-
tered or Swam about were deafening.
In both instances schools of about a
dozen whales were being followed and
as they rose to the surface at inter-
vals to spout, the birds would rush in
that direction with movements that
bordered on a frenzy and with inces-
sant screams. The fact that it seemed
to be the sole aim of the birds to keep
as closely as possible to the school
tended to indicate that the whales
were better able to locate the food sup-
ply. The cetaceans appeared to do all
the hunting; the birds simply trailed
behind to feed on what the former
had found. Just what type of marine
animal life serves to satisfy the tastes
of both whale and bird is unknown to
me, but it is undoubtedly tiny fish,
crustaceans, and the like. That the
excretory matter of the whale is also

used by the birds is not improbable.
The attraction, whatever it be, must
remain very close to the surface of
the sea for it is readily picked up by
the latter either when flitting along
the water and when resting on its sur-
face.

From my observations ‘‘whale birds”
of the petrel family are in attendance
on whale schools during the greater
part of the year. Around Unimak Pass
—a great whaling ground—they may
be seen from early spring to late in
October and it is not unlikely that
they follow the above as they seek the
south in the fall. The shearwaters, on
the other hand, are rarely found in
northern waters following whales but
further south they are found in their
company as often as the petrels.

I. I. VanKammen.
fo Ea oe ee
Military Oologing in Texas.

I received my first copy of THE
OOLOGIST since I have been in the
field and certainly was overjoyed to
get it. Our company, which is Co. A,
4th Texas Inf., has been stationed in
the “Big Bend” district ever since the
Militia was called out. We are 118
miles from the nearest railroad and
get all of our supplies by motor trucks.

Am not much of a writer but if some
of the subscribers would like to hear
from the lower Rio Rrande district
will make a try. The birds here are
entirely different from the ones I am
acquainted with in the Northern por-
tion of the state. The Nighthawks
are more like a Whip-poor-will than
our Nighthawks are in the northern
part of the state. The White-necked
Ravens take the place of the Crows.
The Ravens swarm all around our
camps to get scraps and rubbish for
food supply is scarce here in the
desert and it makes birds of all kinds
tame. The Spanish dagger cactus
takes the place of the trees and they

THE OOLOGIST 178

are scarce, one finds from one to ten
nests in each. The Oven Bird is the
most common and its nest ean be
found in great numbers in all the cac-
tus.

I found my first Hawk nest that was
nearly low enough down for me and
my friend (Mr. C. R. McLendon,, who
with a slight boost he stood on my
shoulders and observed a pretty set
of three eggs but as we were not sure
of the identification of the bird, we
did not collect. We observed several
sets of Ravens before we knew what
they were, thinking they were Crows,
until one day I came near enough to
one on the nest to tell that they were
not. I collected several sets and made
two shipments to Mr. H. W. Carriger
unblown and they arrived safely and
he was successful in saving them. I
had another set of five of them to
hatch in my trunk while I was wait-
ing to get something to pack them up
in. Cotton is worth its weight in gold
kere, so I had to shake hands with the
cooks and get some oat meal and pack
them up in that and they went through
safely.

There has been several pairs of
Eagles in and about nearly every 1loca-
tion we have been in. Two pairs were
observed at Glenn Springs (the place
of one of the raids and where three
American soldiers were killed) one
nesting in the cliffs across the river
in Mexico from Bonquillas; two pairs
observed in the vicinity of Alpine
Sixos (which is on the railroad) and
one pair and nest found in Hot Wells,
Texas in the cliffs. The Scales Part-
ridges are here in any number and one
can be seen feeding in the corral at
any time. But have not seen a single
nest or egg of this bird since I have
been down here, the native “Spicks”’
(as we call a Mexican) say they are
quite common but I guess I must be
out of luck for they are quite rare

when it comes to me finding them.
lst Sergeant Geo. E. Maxon.
Terlingue, Texas.
a og fe
A Chuck Will’s Widow.

In my collection I have a specimen
of the Chuck Will’s Widow which was
taken near Bardstown, Nelson county,
Kentucky, on June 25, 1915. The bird
was killed by a fellow who claimed to
have seen three of them.

The specimen measured 121% inches
in length and 25 inches the expanse
and is a female bird, there being no
white in the tail.

Is not north central Kentucky rather
out of their range?

Ben J. Blincoe.
——_ a

Egg Trays.

Having been able to make very sat-
isfactory egg trays for myself, I will
try to explain how I make them.

Get cardboard of uniform thickness
for framework, some paper or cam-
bric for wrappers and wrapping paper
Similar to the envelope which holds
THE OOLOGIST for pockets and some
quarter inch boards for fronts. Sup-
pose the trays are to be 4x5x1 this
makes easy figuring. Get a board as
long as your cardboard, square both
ends and plane one edge, nail a planed
lath or similar material six inches
from planed edge, using a notch stick
to get same distance one end as other,
trim one edge of card board, lay it
on your cutting board, lay the pattern
or gauge you have made on top with
card board tight against shoulder, with
sharp knife cut down side and across
end, turn cardboard around with end
against shoulder making as many cuts
as material will make. Now you have
pieces of cardboard just six inches
square and if your gauge was true, and
you worked it right, they will be per-
fectly true. Now take piece of wood
2x6 inches, plane it true, nail on piece

174 THE OOLOGIST a

of smooth lath just one inch from
edge, use this similar to larger pat-
tern, only cutting half way through
cardboard on three sides; now cut out
two back corners with scissors, turn
up your three sides. Next cut up your
quarter inch pine into pieces 1x4
inches, tack the sides and bottom with
1 oz. lasting tacks from your shoe-
maker, cut strips wrapping. paper 1
inch wide and paste around the back
corners. Next cut the data pockets
from the wrapping paper about 3x5
inches. These cover two-thirds of tray
bottom, the bare third being towards
the wooden front. Now cut a gener-
ous piece from two rear corners, soak
them in water, then paste the edges
on three sides, but get no paste on bot-
tom as this would prevent the data
from being inserted. Now cut the
wrappers 19x2 inches long, paste a
board, lay wrapper on it, paste that
and lay on another and paste that until
you have a pile; allow them to soak.
This makes them pliable; draw them
snugly around tray lapping at back,
take sharp scissors cut two perpen-
dicular cuts at front quarter inch
apart, nip off bottom corners folding
back top corners, pressing them in
with back of knife.

Trays made this way hold data
blanks, have a place for name and
numbers complete, nothing gets lost.
Data blanks should be pasted to ticket
board to give best results.

A. W. Hansford.
Los Angeles, Cal.
TEES Sige a ae es
Vultures.

After reading Mr. Pope’s article in
the September OOLOGIST, I decided
to write something of the Vultures of
this section. Vultures, both the Cath-
artes aura and the Catharista urubu,
are very abundant in this section of
Rutherford county. It is probably the
same in surrounding counties. Our

Vultures are very interesting birds,
and I delight in studying them. There
is a Slaughter house on the river a
short distance from town, and almost
any time one may observe from a
small number to several hundreds of
these birds sitting around on the
buildings; or circling in the air above
them. They are so plentiful that at
almost any time they may be seen fly-
ing over above the town, or circling
high in the air. Because of their
abundance it is difficult to say posi-
tively if they are decreasing in num-
bers. But I am almost certain that
they are not so plentiful as they were
five years ago. I never hear of a Vul-
ture being killed in this locality. There
was a law providing for a fine for kill-
ing these birds; but since the passage
of the law enforcing burial of all car-
casses, I suppose the former law is as
good as repealed. And soon the gun-
ners will be shooting the Vultures be-
cause they afford a splendid flying
target. If our Vultures are becoming
victims of the fools with the guns,
then something must be done, quick.
It will not take long to destroy these
birds. I shall certainly work to pre-
vent the slaughter of these birds in
this localitly. I would be delighted to
correspond with Mr. Pope and others
on this subject.
Charles F. Moore.

Cliffside, N. C.

tas, 2 ni ane, esas =
Abundant Bird Life in Rutherford
County.

This locality seemed to be more
abundant in bird-life in the season of
1916 than formerly. There has been a
decrease in some species however. Es-
pecially in water fowl has the in-
crease been most marked. There were
numerous water fowl on the river that
1 could not get the time to identify,
having only Saturday and Sunday af-
ternoons for the study of birds. These

| ae: THE OOLOGIST 175

birds were very common here until
the middle of July; then came the ter-
rible floods. Rivers overflowed with
the highest waters ever known in the
Southern States of the Atlantic. Where
there were swamps, now are huge
masses of sand. The favorite nesting
places of the Red-Winged Blackbird
are almost completely destroyed, and
in place there are sand-bars. I have
not seen a Red-wing since the floods.
The following list is far from com-
plete, as I did not have the time for
extensive observation this season.

Pied-billed Grebe—Very few seen
during season.

Great Blue Heron—Several here un-
til July 12. Have seen rone since.

Spotted Sandpiper—Very common.

Bob-white—Very abundant. There
seemed to be more quail than the
former seaoson. It wont take hunters
long to thin them out when the season
opens.

Mourning Dove—Very abundant. We
have thousands of these birds. At this
date, Sept. 24, they have gone into
flocks.

Turkey Vulture — Very
There are thousands.

Black Vulture-—Common.

American Sparrow Hawk—Plentiful.

Screech Owl—Not as common as a
few years ago.

Yellow-billed Cuckoo—Common.

Belted Kingfisher—Common.
Southern Downy Woodpecker—Not
very common.

Red-headed Woodpecker—Common.

Flicker—Very abundant.

Whip-poor-will—Not very common
this season.

Nighthawk— Abundant.

Wood Pewee—Very plentiful.

Blue Jay—Very plentiful in this lo-
cality.

common.

American Crow—Not so plentiful as
formerly.

Red-winged Blackbird. Plentiful un-
mm) July 12.

Chipping Sparrow—Plentiful.

English Sparrow—Thousands.

Slate-colored Junco— Plentiful in
winter.

Cardinal—Very plentiful.

Purple Martin—Very abundant.
Yellow-breasted Chat—Common.

Mockingbird—Plentiful.
Catbird—Very common.

Brown Thrasher—Unusually
mon.

House Wren—Abundant.

White-breasted Nuthatch—Common.
Caroline Chickadee—The Chickadee is
one of our most common birds.

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher—Rare.

Wood Thrush—-Plentiful.

Bluebird—This bird is becoming
more scarce each year in this section.

Charles F. Moore.
: eos ces Oe
Dr. R. W. Shufeldt.

This well known scientist publishes
in “Science in a Series,” Vol. XLIV
page 380 a very interesting review on
the subject of the Revival and Interest
in Bird Anatomy in the United States
National Museum, in which a great
deal of historic recitation relating to
the growth of this study in that Insti-
tution is set forth.

He also publishes in a late issue of
the Washington Star a full page of
half tone photographs entitled ‘Nature
Photography,” the subject of which
range all the way from birds and
moths to a dandelion seed head. It
is not sufficient to say that all this
material lives up to the high standard
always maintained by Dr. Shufeldt.

conm-

Albinoism.

During May last I saw a male Red-
wing Blackbird that had two pure
white patches on its back. They seem-
ed oval in shape, each being about 1%
inches long by about one inch wide as
near as I could make out. Each patch
was margined all around with black
making a very handsome bird. I

176 THE OOLOGIST

should like to have secured it for my
collection but had no gun with me.
A. W. Henaford.
Los Angeles, Cal.
fee eNO ee
Kingfisher Spying.
By Isaac E. Hess.

I was greatly interested in Mr. Ed-
win Guy’s account of Kingfisher nest
investigating. I have had a somewhat
similar experience with equally suc-
cessful results. With great labor I
had upon three occasions (one in a
down-pouring rain) tunnelled dog-fash-
ion into Kingfisher retreats, only to
find my labor in vain. .In addition I
experienced the chagrin of realizing
homes destroyed all to no purpose.

During a week’s outing in early
May, with Guy Day, the Barn Owl ex-
pert, we observed many Kingfisher
tunnels upon either bank of the Salt
Fork creek while we lazily floated
along in a boat.

Each of us had fine sets of six de-
posited by Mrs. “Alcyon”’ but with the
insatiate appetites of real Oologists we
each desired a set of seven.

Not desiring to bother the common
nests of five or six, we wondered how
we might examine all Kingfisher domi-
ciles, with no harm to the little fisher-
folks, abodes, until we unearthed the
lucky seven.

Mr. Day’s fertile brain finally evolv-
ed a simple yet highly ' efficient
method. Selecting a slender twig or
weed growth six to eight feet long, we
split the ends and inserted matches.
Lighting the match at the entrance of
the tunnel, the stick was slowly
pushed back. The absence of drafts in
the tunnel allowed the match to burn
slowly and brightly all the way back.
If the tunnel was a straight one and
Madame Kingfisher not present, the
set and surroundings could be plainly
observed. When present the irate lit-
tle owners, usually snapped viciously

at the lights and when the pole was
with drawn would sally forth. Then
the tunnel could be examined in her
absence. Of course a bending tortu-
ous tunnel could not be examined in
this manner but in our vicinity, sandy
soils along our streams with an ab-
sence of rock do not interfere with
straight excavations.
Isaac E. Hess.
Philo, Illinois.
See ee ee
Nesting of the Green and Blue Winged
Teals.

All through May and June in 1905,
the writer spent the time in Central
Saskatchewan and mostly in the wild
new country about fifty miles west of
the charming city of Prince Albert.

The country in the vicinity of Mista-
wasis, my address at that time, was
mostly Black Poplar “bush,” with here
and there patches of pine and spruce
and almost everywhere there was
water in some manner either running
streams, cold and swift, small ponds
or treacherous swamps.

And the ducks, I have often when
out after a mess for the table, been
compelled to back away from a pond I
had been skirting, far enough so as
not to blow my meal to atoms. And
everywhere there were teal, Green-
winged. The former about two for
every one of the latter.

The Green-winged nested in all man-
ner of places, but generally quite close
to some pond and nearly always in the
bushy timber close to the edge, under-
neath the body of some fallen poplar,
being the most common nesting site.
The earliest date on which I collected
a full set of this species, was on May
2ist and the latest fresh set on June
12th. The eggs ran in number from
eight to eleven in a set, with nine and
ten the general run of the sets. The
Blue-winged Teal nested in more open
situations as a rule in the low grassy

THE OOLOGIST 177

patches near the larger ponds. Their
eggs were from eight to twelve, rarely
the latter number. They also nested
later than the hardy Green-winged;
June 4th and 16th being the extreme
nesting dates.

The eggs of the Green-wing were
usually smaller and had more of a
buffy tinge with a decided greenish
case. They were also more elliptical
than the eggs of the Blue-wing, and
always an abundant amount of down
was furnished by the females for both
species for the eggs to lay among.

The Mallard was often found nest-
ing up close, once within three feet of
a Green-wing’s home and rarely the
Pintail was the neighbor. I have found
the nests within twenty-five yards of
an occupied cabin, and one nest of
the Green-wing was found in the midst
of a large black sand plain, with the
grass not over three inches in height
and no tree for an eighth of a mile.
In just such a position and surround-
ings as I took my only set of Lesser
Yellow Legs, excepting the Yellow-
legs nest was underneath a lone scrub
pine, not over a foot in height. Of
all the sets I discovered of both spe-
cies only one set of each with their
profusion of down remain in my pos-
session. Needless to say they are
the choice sets of a very large num-
ber, but some day somebody will want
them worse than I do and of course
then the sets and I will part.

W. H. Benjaman.
Algona, Iowa.
1 Se

New Hampshire Mountain Notes.

In June, 1911, while descending Mt.
Monadnock I discovered at the foot of
a large White Ash tree a Ruffed
Grouse’s nest containing eighteen
eggs. In my epinion that is an un-
usually large set.

July 10, 1912, I found a set of four
Nashville Warbler eggs slightly incu-

bated. It is a late date for this region.

The slate-colored Junco is a very
abundant breeder on this mountain.
Despite this fact nests are very hard
to locate, as they are so skillfully con-
cealed. We have such a cold clim-
ate that this bird leaves us in Octo-
ber, not to return until April.

Stuart T. Danforth.
ae ee ee
Another Unusual Nesting Site of
Brewer’s Blackbird.

I have recorded in the pages of THI
OOLOGIST the common occurrence of
the Brewer’s Blackbird (Huphugus
cyanosephalus) nesting in cavities in
dead trees, stumps and snags, in the
North Williamette Valley of Oregon,
but the most peculiarly situated nest
of this species was examined on May
25th, 1916, near Hemlock, Tillamook
county, Oregon.

This nest was placed in the center
of a clump of rushes or wire grass as
it is locally called and which is char-
acteristic of the low meadows and
open bottom lands. The sides of the
nest were not fastened to the upright
stalks or stems and the bottom of the
nest rested upon the ground. The nest
was of the usual type, built by this
specie, the inside being lined with fine
dry rootlets. The five eggs were fresh
or nearly so.

The meadow in which this nest was
located is bordered by a stump pas-
ture, and Brewer’s Blackbirds were
abundant both in the pasture and the
meadow. They nest in the stumps and
no doubt frequent the meadows be-
cause of the abundance of food.

In August and September, this spe-
cie in company with the northwest
Red-wing (Agelaine P. Caurinus) con-
gregate in large flocks to feed in oat-
fields after the grain has been cut for
hay. Both species are residents in
Tillamook County.

Alex. Walker.

178 THE OOLOGIST

Easy Food For Red-head.

One day last summer, 1915, while
out “oologying” I saw seven Red-head-
ed Woodpeckers, both young and old,
seated on a barb-wire fence in com-
pany with a pair of Logger-head
Shrikes. These latter were busily en-
gaged in catching grass-hoppers.
Cicadas and the like and impaling
them on the barbs. No sooner than

this is done a couple of Red-heads

would dive for it, and generally the
first one there got the impaled insect.
The Shrikes did not seem to care in
the least for they kept on the lookout
for more prey.

I had never seen or heard anything
of the like before; have any of you
birdmen?

Ralph Donahue, Taxidermist.
Bonner Springs, Kansas.
gece Sal i gg ee ge
“The Texan Nighthawk.

Up until a few years ago I have
found the Nighthawk quite a hard
bird to locate their eggs, but have
about gotten them figured out right
now, I find as a general rule the Night-
hawk likes freshly turned earth to de-
posit their eggs on, and the best place
I have found is to look up some new
addition or town site where they have
graded off the roads and follow the
road from one end to the other, keep-
ing a close look at the ground about
25 feet in head of me for the birds
to flush from. I have used this plan
and always collect as many sets as I
have exchange for, but there are
others that collect here that don’t have
as good luck as myself, you may find
a place that is a fine place for them
but you won’t find any birds in that
location. It seems like they have cer-
tain parts of the country to nest in,
I have seen it when you could collect
all the sets one would need on the
south side of town and never find a
set north, east or west of town.

George Emmett Maxon.

Black and Turkey Vultures.

Would like to ask someone that
knows more about the Vultures than
I do, if they take an off year and don’t
lay. In this portion of the country
where we hunt the Vultures, it is very
hilly and one has a lot of climbing to
do to collect many sets. Now what I
would like to ask, when we went col-
lecting this year we found the birds
in twice the number than ever before,
and they seemed to be mating, but we
made five or six trips to their nesting
grounds and only collected about that
many sets; whereas in previous years
we could collect as many sets as one
would care to make trips, always tak-
ing 10 or 12 sets. each trip.

George Emmett Maxon.

OS

DUCK HAWK IN NEW YORK GITY.

Last winter a large hawk seemly
made his headquarters on the upper
stories of the Municipal Building in
New York City. Nearly every one
who saw it called it an Hagle and
large crowds stopped to watch it. It
proved to be a Duck Hawk and stayed
around the neighborhood all winter,

right in the heart of the city and
seemed to choose this building (which
is twenty-nine stories high) as its
favorite place. It lived on pigeons
and as there are always plenty of
them around eating in the streets,
etc., he must have gotten all that he
wanted and that probably induced it
to stay there all winter.

I wonder if it will come back again
this winter. So far I have not heard
of it. But I saw a large one over the
city about a month ago which kept
sailing around and around for quite
a while; probably watching for some-
thing in the way of a good dinner of
pigeon to show up.

Milton J. Hofmann.

THE OOLOGIST Ill

BOOKS—Continued

Have avery desirable lot of books on birds,
mammals, shells, etc., to exchange for books
and papers on insects. teehee HY NODS:
2971 Pacific Ave., San Francisco, Calif.

WANTED.--Back Volumes anda numbers
of Bird Lore, and Osprey. Cassinnia. W. H.
BROOMHALL, Stockport, Ohio. (1-p)

FOR SALE.- Bird-Lore Vols. I to XIII
No. 3, 3 inclusive complete with indexes in
original covers #35.00. THOS. L. McCON-
NELL. 1813 Huey St., McK: esport, Pa. (1-p)

FOR SALE.—Bendire’s ‘Life Histories of
North American Birds” two volumes, newly
bound half morocco; perfect condition, price
$16.00. A. F. SMITHSON, Warrensburg, Mo.

WANTED.—Sport in Crimes and Caucasus,
Savage Svanetia, both by C. eS Wooley.
Address with price. WM. YKMEIER,
645 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, Il.

Who has any odd numbers of the 1913-1914
OOLOGIST to exchange? I have some odd
numbers of the OOLOGIST and CONDOR.

D>) i. SHEPARDSON,-209 E. 3/th St., Los
Angeles, Cal.
WANTED.— ‘The Auk,” Vols. I and VI

(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

WANTED.—Bulletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologic Club, Vol. I,cdd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR SALE—Out of print Ornithological
books by Bendire, Cones, Ridgway, Goss,
Baird and Dawson. All bird magazines. W.
a ERICKSON, 208 West 40th St.. Savannah,

ae

FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1. skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY K: COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

TO EXCHANGE.—L[ have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals [mostly Ornithologicall
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, Cavs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS,
Berwyn. {2-p]

FOR EXCHANGE.—American Naturalist
1868, 1889, 1884, 1887, six volumes half leather.
Wanted Smithsonian Annual Reports for
1900, 1901, 1903, na 1905, 1906. JOHN THOM P-
SON, Clinton, } POY:

FOR EXCHANGE—Preserved specimens
of Reptiles with U.S. Collectors only. C. A.
Saga 60 Lynnfield St., East Lynn Station.

ass.

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ “California
Water Birds, No. IV,” for which I will pay
any reasonable price. W. KE, CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WANTED. Correspondence with collect-
oe of butterflies. DR. T. W. RICHARDS,
. Navy. care of Navy Department, Wash-

ing, 1G: (1-p)

EXCHANGE —Birds and all nature, March,
April, May, June and November 1899 Ane best
offer. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton,

WANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchangein other numbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

WANTED.—For cash ‘The Oologist” (this
magazine) Volume 3 No.4and Volume4N .
1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y

WANTED,—In good condition: Nidiolo-
ist Vol. 1, No. 6; Osprey of Washington, Vol.
V No. 3 and index; ot I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 No. 2-3-4-6 and index
Vol. II No. 1- 2-5; Vol. I[I No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. IX
No.6 and index. How many back Tumbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exchange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap. JOHN
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

MISCELLANEOUS.

WANTED.—To buy an egg cabinet from
some one in the vicinity of Boston. ED-
WARD $8. COOMBS, Boston, Mass.

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber collecting gun, suitable for
shot cartridges. R, P. SHARPLES. West
Chester, Pa.

FOR SALE.—The Osprey Vol.1 to Vol. 5
complete in original covers or will exchange
for eggs in sets and other Bird Magazines.
C. M. CASE. 16 Burton St., Hartford, Conn.

Butterflies and Moths of this locality for
Others not in my collection, or for eggs in
sets or foreign postage stamps. JOHN
GRAVES, 1057 ‘62nd St., Oakland, Calif. (1-p)

WANTED to correspond with persons
wishing to exchange photographs of birds or
nests and eggs. I have pictures of 4 x 5and
post card sizes. WALTER A. GOELITZ, 509
Chalmers St., Champaign, Ill. (1-p)

Mounted Horned Frogs, 50c each postpaid.
A Souvenir from Texas, used by many as
paper weights on office desks. Place your
order for one or more. Will exchange frogs

for birds’ eggs. RAMON GRAHAM, Taxi-
dermist, 401 W. Leuda St., Ft. ee
(1-p

Correspondence solicited with those who
can procure tine Indian Relics. Choice min-
erals, American and ex tic land shells, and
eggs of Ra,tores Wimned. JEN V. -E. JE
WHEELER, Jonesboro, Arkansas.

TO EXCHANGE.—I am “long”? on arrow
heads from Ohio, Ind., and Georgia, also on
broken pottery from mounds incentral Iowa.
Fragments from one inch to four inches
square. Would like to exchange with col-
lectors. Send me what you have to spare,
and tell me what you want, and I will send
you equally as good, or I will send to you
and you do the trading. Would like arrow
points from other states. F. S. SMITH,
Nevada, Iowa.

bb]

IV THE OOLOGIST

THE CONDOR

IN PRESS A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Extensive Catalogue Published Bi-monthly by the

Cooper Ornithological Club of California

Books on Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study’’ can easily un-

North American Birds ¢"¢'

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated

JOHN H. SHERMAN, Jr., _ >y the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 30c.

403 Seneca St.
Address

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y. W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,

Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

SUBSCRIBE

FOR

THE OOLOGIST

The best of all bird magazines. Send it to
some friend who is interested in Birds for a

Christmas Present. 50 cents.

~

~ THE OOLOGIST.

BIRDS—-NESTS—-EGGS _-<crcore.

TAXIDERMY /~

ee

VoL. XXXII. No. 11. ALBION, N. ¥.,.Nov. 15, 19D s,, WHOLE No. B520/
—- Se = 2 ye ee eS Bt pe : e >

a

BRIEF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Wanted, Exchange, For Sale, Etc., inserted in this department at 25 cents

for each 25 words for one issue; each additional

serted for less than 25 cents.

TAKE NOTICE.
SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 352 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 341 your
subscription expired with December issue
1915. Other expirations can be compu ted by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

word 1 cent. No notice in-
Entered as second-class matter De-
eember 21, 1903, at the post office at

FAUlpRoON INE We
of March 8,

under the Act of Congress
1879.

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologist,”
and thereby help us, as well as the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

“We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

eggs, or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring

to make bona fide exchanges of such Specimens for scientific collecting purpo-

ses only.—EDITOR.

a

BIRDS

WANTED-—Live American Wild Trumpet-
er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, III.

WANTED. — Nests of North American
Birds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will
appreciate list of what you have to exchange
orsellk LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808
Webster St., Waco, Texas.

I havea lot of fine duck skins with heads
folded over the back which I will exchange
for skins of common small land birds. A.C.
BENT, Taunton, Mass.

EXCHANGE.—I want a pair each of strict-
ly first-class skins of a number of eastern
warblers and sparrows, including. many
common kinds, for which I can offer some
western Oregon land birds. If interested,
please send list. Whocan use good skins of
Mountain Beaver (Apladontia pacifica) for
cash? ALEX WALKER, Hemlock. Abe ue

-p

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias 1orquatus «Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

W ANTE D.—Copies of North American
Fauna series. Biological Survey bulletins,
and certain Bird Lore’s to complete series,
for which I offe- ornithological books and
magazines. and rare Alaska bird skins. GEO,
G. CANTWELL, Puyallup, Wash. A

(1-p

FOR EXCHANGE —- Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Who wants three Golden Eagles and two
3ald Eagles, hand raised,3 and 4 years old?
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE—Good pair of the nearly
extirpated Piping Plover for a good skin
adult male Mangrove Warbler. C. L. PHIL-
LIPS, 5 West Weir St., Taunton, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Mounted birds, No.
51 137, 139, 230. 339, 360, for eggs. RA MON
GRAHAM, 401 W. Leuda St., Fort Worth,
Texas. (1-p)

P
4

Il THE OOLOGIST

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
precinte it if you would arrange the
numerals in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

Oologist Tools and Supplies. Books and
Magazines of every description, Fishing
Rods and Tackle, Lists, quotations prompt
ly sent. BENJAMIN HOAG, Garfield, N. Y.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, Ill.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this locality during the coming
season in exchange for desirable postage
ataiips: GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,

onn.

FOR IEXCHANGE.— Mounted Birds and
finely prepared sets for Kntomology supplies
and books. Send list toGUY LOVE, Oberlin,
Kansas, R. R. No. 5.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Coots, Florida
Galinules, Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns. Killdeers,etce. DELOS
HAiCH, Oakfield. Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
prices write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

FOR EXCHANGE.—Nests and sets of 316,
339, 360, 373. 443. 488, 498 505, 513. 552. 593. 604, 633,
703, 704, 735. RAMON GRAHAM, “Taxider-
mist, > 401 W. Leuda St., Fort Worth, Tex. (1)

FOR EXCHANGE.—Full sets of 1. 3. 11, 16,
30, 32, 37, 49, 53, 65, 71, 77, 80, 108, 117. 120c, 121,
122% 126, 141, 155, 188, 191, 197, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214.
219. 225, 996. 997. 228. 230, 243, 261. 263. 264, 269, 275.
280, 293, 294, 329. 331, 333. 335. 337, 337b. 339, 339b.
341, 343, 348, 355, 359. 360, 3604, 362, 364, 365, 366,
367, 373, 375, 375d, 378. 385, 387, 388, 390, 406, 409,
414, 413, 416, 420. 423. 431. 444, 452, 456, 461, 466a,
467, 474b, 475. 477, 477a, 488, 494, 498, 501, 506, 513,
529, 540, 566, 584, 595, 598. 608, 611. 612, 613, 622. 627,
628, 631, 652, 656. 658, 659, 667, 674, 577, 679, 681, 683,
687, 704, 705, 713, 725, 735, 756, 761 and 766. OT-
ee REINECKE, 400 Elm St., ae

LOY -p

WANTED.—To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140. 153. 192, 277, 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317. 318, 344, 352a and many others. rT
have a list of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
cotleged. EF. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,

riz

WAN'TED.--All sets of mv taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY 610 Baylor Ste
Austin, Texas.

NOVA SCOTIA BIRDS EGGS.—A few per-
sonally collected sets of eggs from this region,
in beautiful sets of Nos. 228, 334, 459, 517. 567,
648a, 655, 657, 667, 740a. 748 and others. Write
for ay list. R. 'W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova
Scotia

EGGS

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
sets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. EARL B. WHEELER. East

Randolph, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln St.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—5 x 7 photographs of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE-—191 1-4, 299b, 1-11, 291 1-11
293a 1-12, 293 1-11, 310c 1-12, 326 1-2, 333 1-4, 337a
1-3, 335 1-3, 340 1-2, 341 1-3, 345 1-3, 368b 1-2, 373b
1-4, 416 1-2, 421 1-2, 420c 1-2, 453 1-5, 487 1-5, 501a
1-5, 593c 1-3 1-4, 594 1-4, 630 n-4, 703 1-5, 717a 1-5
718b 1-5, 732 1-6, 736a n-6, and others. The
above all Al material, personally collected.
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

Small collection Japanese eggs. 25 species:
42 sets 160 specimens, all carefully prepared,
correctly named and with date, many very
beantiful. Free by parcel post for $15 or
would exchange for handsome sets A. O. U.
364 List sent. Address ‘‘Collector,”’ 15 Beau-
fort, West Balti, England. (9-3)

First-class eggs in sets from this locality
to exchange for Ornithological papers, N. A.
Fauna’s. Biological Survey Bulletins. etc.
CHAS. W. TINDALL, Independence, seer

-—p

Want southern and Western sets, some
quite common. Have to exchange northern
seabird sets, 4 x 5 camera etc. Climbers, and
stamps. Write F. M. CARRYL, 19 Burnett
St., Maplewood, N. J. (1-p)

Wanted to exchange a few first-class sets
of the American Osprey. R. B. OVERING-
TON, 120 W. Lancaster Ave., Wayne, ran '

-p

WANTED.—349 1-2 well marked for which
I offer the following sets 352 1-2, 663 n-4, 4161-2.
T. D. PERRY, Savannah, Ga.

Will exchange for first class eggs only,
singles or sets, including most Raptores,
Warblers, Sparrows, sea-birds and water-
birds, the following articles, 1 Stewart bang-
jeaurine, 1 guitar, 1 mandolin, a kodak, a
good 4 Volume Universal Dictionary and
many school and college text books and cabi-
net work. Best offer accepted. H. L.
MOODY, Lake Wilson, Minn.

Exchange desired with those haying eggs
in sets, bird and mammal skins and first
class photos of birds and nests in situ. Offer
sets, skins of water fow! taken in open season,
many duplicate books and separates on
birds; or cash. Small but complete collec-
tions of your local bird skins desired for

museum. THE BAILEY MUSEUM OF

NATURAL HISTORY, 54th St.. Newport

News, Virginia. (1-p)
BOOKS.

Willexchange telescope, French glass about
16 diameters, 18 inch diameter objective,
brass mounting, slightly used—for Dawson’s
Birds of Ohio, Eaton’s Birds of New York or
similar work. T. L. McCONNELL, 1813 Huey
St., McKeesport, Pa.

THE OOLOGIST.

VOne SOX NTIT. No. 11. ALBION, N. Y., Nov. 15, 1916. WHOLE NO, 852

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Ill.

= semi dias_dl

Eggs of Wilson’s Plover in situ
—Photo by D. T. Perry, Savannah, Ga.

180 THE OOLOGIST

An Egg Book.

Perhaps some readers of THE
OOLOGIST may be _ interested to
know that a limited edition of the
“Oology of New England,” by Elwin

A. Capen, is now on sale in a book

store in Boston, Mass.

This book was originally published
to sell at fifteen dollars a volume,
but I understand that some time after
Mr. Capen’s death his heirs found
parts of this first edition which for
some reason had never been bound in
book form. Although many of these
pages of text and plates were dam-
aged, enough perfect ones were found
to make it possible to have about one
hundred copies bound in fine condi-
tion.

This book is described in the cata-
logue as ‘“‘quarto, one hundred and ten
plates, and twenty-five plates showing
more than three hundred eggs in their
natural sizes and true colors.” AIl-
though these plates were made up
some years ago before the art of priut-
ing in colors was as well developed as
it is now, the pictures are good and
this is a fine chance to obtain a copy
of one of our well known New Eng-
land books.

I believe that only about fifteen
copies are left unsold at the present
time.

I sometimes wonder why it is that
no one now tries to publish a bird
book which would contain good large
pictures in natural colors of the birds
in their various plumages and a full
set of their eggs. Surely such a work
would be appreciated by ornithologists
and oologists all over the country and
would stand to the ever-lasting credit
of the man who produced it. The art
of printing in colors has been much
improved and is surely much cheaper
than in the early days of Wilson and
Audubon, and the people of this coun-
try today are better able, and I think

quite willing, to buy books with satis
factory colored plates. The tendency
of the times, however, seem to be to
get out a “hand book” which can be
sold for two or-three dollars, and this
certainly does a lot of good by making
the study of bird life popular.

But one really good, large book with
good colored plates copied from ar-
tists’ drawings which showed both
birds and eggs would find a ready
sale. Of course it would neces-
sarily be rather an expensive
venture, because of the cost of the
original drawings. But color photo-
graphy is very unsatisfactory on ac-
count of the difficulty of obtaining
well-prepared specimens to work with.
Our color photography pictures gen-
erally show up the faults of the taxi-
dermis work so plainly as to be dis-
gusting to the true nature student.
Although a reproduction of an artist’s
painting may be somewhat fautly in
some of the minor details of color-
ing, the nice positions, outlines and
expressions of the birds more than
make up for it. A book picturing
all the birds of this country and also
their eggs would certainly be almost
too much to expect. But if someone
would get out a book on one order of
birds, the Raptores, or the Limicolae
for instance, the cost would not be
excessive and we would have a start
in the right direction. Anyone knows
that you can learn more about the
appearance of a bird or bird’s egg by
one glance at a colored picture than
you can possibly learn from a half
hour’s study of printed description
alone.

In nearly all things we are making
good progress, but some of our recent
bird books are not all that could be
desired in that line. Perhaps it
would be possible to issue a work of
this kind in twelve or more separate
parts to be delivered once a month

THE OOLOGIST 181

until the series was completed as sev-
eral of our old works on birds used
to be published. In this way the
money received from the sale of the
first parts could be used to _ help
finance the remainder of the series.
Let us hope that some of our art-
ists who have the necessary ability
will try some thing along this line in
the near future, for we all wish to
see the science or ornithology and

oology kept well up in the front ranks
of the world’s general progress.
H. ©. GREEN,
Wakefield, Mass.

2 1 Ae ee ee
A Pleasant Day on the Halifax River,
Near Daytona, Fla.

The morning of December 22d, 1915,
broke clear and pleasant. The breeze
from the ocean was just strong enough
to quicken the ambition of a northern-
er and set on fire his inclination for
the wilds. I got up with the sun and
after breakfast started for the jungles
south of town in search of bird. The
thick foliage of the underbrush making
small birds very difficult to see. Still
I identified several species such as
Myrtle Warbler, Woodcock, Whip-poor-
will and Florida Yellowthroat. In the
open and about town I met Robins,
Bluebirds, Phoebes and Meadowlarks.
While the Mockingbird is by far the
most numerous of the small species.
After a half day’s tramp among a
growth so dense that in places one
must force a way through, I went to
the river front in the city limits where
I passed a most pleasant afternoon,
with almost an endless stream of Gulls
passing, among which I identified sev-

eral species.

Following are the birds I listed on
this date: Crow 6, Robin 10, Cowbird

4, Southern Flicker 1, Bluebird 6, Red

Shouldered Hawk 3, Florida Quail 7,
Great Blue Heron 2, Louisiana Heron
4, Snowy Egret 3, Osprey 2, Bald Eagle
3, Mallard 2, Lesser Scaup Duck 2,

Phoebe 3, Red bellied Woodpecker 3,
Bluejay 5, Belted Kingfisher 8, Red-
winged Blackbird 8, Mourning Dove 2,
Coot 1, Whip-poor-will 1, Woodcock 1,
Cardinal 38, Mockingbird 20, Bronze
Grackle 30, Killdeer 10, Semipalmated
Plover 70, Ducky Seaside Sparrow 5,
Meadowlark 14, Brown Pelican 3,
Bachman’s Sparrow 10, Spotted Sand-
piper 2, Turkey Vulture 15, Ringbilled
Gull 3, Franklin Gull 4, Bonaparte Gull
6, Black Vulture 9, Loggerheaded
Shrike 3, Vesper Sparrow 2, Sparrow
Hawk 1, Myrtle Warbler 4, Florida
Yellow-throat 5, Ground Dove 2. Mak-
ing 45 species and 249 birds observed
—not so bad.

All shooting is forbidden within the
city limits of Daytona and many spe-
cies of birds and especially waterfowl
have taken advantage of this protec-
tion. Mallards and Scaup Ducks were
swimming within a few feet of the
walk, while many people were passing.
At times the river here seems full of
ducks, while few are seen in the un-
protected parts.

The Louisiana Herons allowed me
to come within fifty feet of them. The
Semipalmated Plovers let me get fully
as near; also did a large flock of Gulls
stand on a small island not fifty feet
from me while I sorted out the differ-
ent species. The Turkey Vulture has
become a nuisance and I understand
a bounty has been placed on his head.

S. V. Wharram.

Hj -

New Jersey Bird’s Notes.

In early July, 1913, I camped for
three days near Lenola on the north
branch of the Pensuaken Creek and
during that period I observed several
birds not supposed to occur in South
Jersey at this season. These were the
Black Tern, Green-winged Teal, Coot
and Blue-winged Warbler. A few re-
marks from Stone’s “Birds of Eastern
Pennsylvania and New Jersey,” with

182 THE OOLOGIST .

Nest and eggs of Red-winged Blackbird in situ
—Photo by D. T. Perry, Savannah, Ga.

THE OOLOGIST 183

respect to their supposed status in
this state will not be amiss.

Black Tern.—Stone says it is an “‘ir-
regular migrant on the coast during
the late summer and autumn, some-
times very abundant, occasionally on
the large rivers.” According to my ex-
perience the Black Tern is a common
migrant on the Delaware River at
Camden, N. J., occurring regularly
every year in late August and through-
out September; a few linger till late in
October as I observed one on October
20th, 1906 at Richmond, Philadelphia
and near North Camden.

On July 8th and 9th I saw an adult
on the Pensauken Creek and the farm-
er on whose grounds we camped in-
formed us there had been a pair about
for several days. However, we only
observed the single bird and that on
the last two days of our trip. It was a
very tame bird and monotonously
hunted about the marshes, flying up
and down the creek, often overhead
our boat in which we fished and not
over twenty feet away at times. When
I told the farmer of its rarity here he
wanted me to take his gun and shoot
it but I told him there was no neces-
sity in killing the bird as I had no
doubt of its identity.

The occurrence of the Black Tern
in summer in South Jersey is an un-
usual thing, as this bird does not nest
east of Ohio to my knowledge, and I
cannot explain why it was here at this
season. It is another puzzling bird
mystery.

Green-winged Teal. On July 8th a
bunch of five birds flew in at dusk and
probably roosted on the marshes. This
species, according to Stone, is a “tran-
sient and occasional winter resident
in New Jersey. Migrants occur in
September and April.” Then what
were these five birds doing here in
July?

Coot. Stone says it is a “common

migrant occasionally inland;
March 30th to May 3d, September 1st
to October 29th.” I saw one on July
8th and in 1912 one was seen by my
brother William on July 31st and by
my father on August lst. However, in
1914 none were seen during the week
I camped here—July 27th to August
3d.

Blue-winged Warbler. The Blue-
winged Warbler is not supposed to
breed in this part of New Jersey and
it certainly is a rare nester here. On
July 7th I saw an adult; on the 8th
inst. a pair and their two fledglings
were seen and on the 9th inst. another
(one of this pair) was observed. They
were all seen in the same woods in
which they probably nested as there
were many suitable places for them to
nest in and the environments were
adapted to their needs, according to
my experience with them in Pennsyl-
vania. However, in 1912 and 1914 I
found no Blue-winged Warblers here
during my camping trip in the sum-
mer. Richard F. Miller.

Long Tailed Jaeger in Chicago.

I <A Long tail Jaeger was shot
(November, 1915) in the Calumet
Marshes near the Southern Limits of
Chicago. It seems too bad that the
only record for this beautiful fork tail
creature should involve the destruc-
tion of these long dainty streamers
from which the species derives its
name. The gunner when shooting the
sea wanderer demolished the tail.

The “remains” were placed with
The Field Museum of Natural History.

Il. Mr. Charles K. Knickerbocker
while shooting on the Sanganoy Club
near Beardstown, Illinois, took a beau-
tiful albinistic Mallard. The speculum
is a slight shade of tan, and elsewhere
the feathers all over the body are
nearly immaculate white.

III, The most curious freak among

184 THE OOLOGIST

§

dh Fak

Per Smee pe

Nest and eggs of Willett in situ. :
—Photo by D. T. Perry, Savannah, Ga.

THE OOLOGIST 185

waterfowl is a cross between a Mal-
lard and some variety of Goose. The
bird weighs ten pounds, is colored
precisely like a mallard drake, includ-
ing curled feathers on tail, white ring
around neck, green head and typically
colored bill and feet. In shape the
outline and general pose is identical
with Hutchin’s Goose. This bird was
shot on the Mississippi River near
Minneapolis, during November.

The specimen is on exhibition in
Chicago but taxidermy is a lost art
if this game bird represents the work
of a professional.

Gerard Alan Abbott.

PAR set ce yan gorse has
More Important But Untrue!

The following example of news-
paper ornithology is the limit.

It is from the Philadelphia,
Record.

Wild Swans Attack Ship.

Hundreds of wild swans, which had
apparently lost their way in the fog,
dashed against the steamer Ericsson,
early in the morning, while the vessel
was in the mouth of the Chesapeake
bay. The huge birds shattered many
panes of glass and caused so much
disturbance that many passengers
sprang from their berths and rushed
on deck, thinking some mishap had
befallen the boat.

Several of the birds were captured
and were brought to this city on the
steamer, which docked at pier 3, South
Wharves. F. S. Groves, president of
the company, declared them the finest
specimens he had ever seen. The pris-
oners, which were pure white in color,
were among a number which flew in
the forward gangway, which was open,
and failed to find their way out the
other side of the boat. Some of the
birds became confused among the
cargo and were easily captured.

Captain McNamee, commander of
the Ericksson said that the odd attack

(Pa.)

occurred about 2:30 a. m. He ventur-
ed the opinion that the birds were at-
tracted by the electric lights of the
vessel.

Be eo eee ee
The Marsh Hawk.

While looking for Swamp Sparrow
nests May 28th, 1916, a pair of Marsh
Hawks suddenly put in their appear-
ance. By their actions I knew they
had a nest somewhere in the vicinity
but finding a flushed birds nest in a
swamp with no idea of its where-
abouts would be no easy task so I de-
cided to wait until the preceding day.

The next day found my cousin and
myself in the swamp on the alert for
Mrs. Marsh Hawk. After navigating
most of the swamp in vain I succeeded
in flushing her from a growth of wild
rose bushes.

The nest was built on a muskrat
house and composed of rushes lined
with marsh grasses. A fine set of six
and a good photo rewarded our efforts
to the regrets of Mrs. Marsh Hawk.
The eggs were pale bluish white
splashed with light brown, measuring
iSO x 140:

I also collected four eggs of the
Swamp Sparrow in this swamp.
Neither of the above species are num-
erous in this section.

There are about eighty-five .species
of birds in this locality, none of them
being rare everywhere, though some
are here.

E. Clarion, O. Lyle D. Miller.

ee

The Stork Again.

Our friend Robie W. Tufts of Wolf-
ville, Nova Scotia, one of the most ac-
curate and reliable oologists that we
know of, is celebrating the visit of
this old bird to his home, where a
wee daughter was left late in January.

[This note slipped by the printer,
but is too good not to be published
even now. We congratulate Bro,
Tufts.—Bro. ]

186 THE OOLOGIST

Nest and eggs of Wayne’s Clapper Rail in situ
—Photo by D. T. Perry, Savannah, Ga.

THE OOLOGIST 187

Important If True.

The following is a sample of news-
paper ornithology which is both silly
and dangerous. In the first place,
there is not one chance in ten thous-
and that the birds referred to are the
Passenger Pigeon. In the next place,
even if they were, putting a money
value of $2,000 or any other sum in
print and scattering it broadcast would
certainly lead to the extinction of the
entire flock if they were the birds sup-
posed to be:

Pascsenger Pigeon Flock Found Feast-
ing on Farm.

Warren, Pa., Oct. 17.—A flock of 25
passenger pigeons, a _ species long
thought extinct, has been feasting in
the buckwheat patch on the farm of
Jesse J. Garber, in Watson township
for the past week. Garber, an old-time
hunter, identified the birds as the spe-
cies which the government has been
searching for several years and for a
pair of which the Smithsonian Insti-
tute offered a reward of $2,000. An ef-
fort will be made to trap the birds.

The passenger pigeons almost com-
pletely disappeared following a terri-
fic storm twenty years ago and until
recently the only one of the species
known to be alive was in the zoolog-
ical garden at Cincinnati. This bird
died some time ago and it was thought
then that the species was gone. Garber
expects to realize a small fortune on
the birds if he can trap them.—Phila-
delphia Inquirer.

oe EEE LR

Carolina Rail Accidentally Killed.

September 29th, 1916, an express
man found a Carolina Rail dead in the
street. The bird was a mystery to the
express man and all who saw it. He
brought it to town and everybody was
guessing what it was. They called it
everything from a Sparrow to a Duck,
but no one guessed it. My father came
along and overheard the guessing

match. They asked him what kind of
a freak bird it was. He said turn it
over to me and I will find out for you.
He brought it to my Taxidermy Shop
and I identified it. I mounted it and
will let the guessing bunch guess as
much as they like. Upon examination
of the body after skinning, I found
bruises about the neck and came to
the conclusion that it had hit a tele-
phone wire at night and was killed in
this way. This is the second rail
found on the streets here.
Ramon Graham.
Ft. Worth, Texas.
BEEN Eos Oa ad oo oe
Vulture Conditions in North Texas.
R. Graham, Ft. Worth, Texas.

A question will soon be asked by
many people,—‘Where did the Vul-
tures go?”

The answer will be—they were de-
stroyed by the people with traps, guns
and poisons, when God sent the Vul-
ture here to protect these people, from
disease, sickness and death.

I noticed in the September number
of THE OOLOGIST a very interesting
piece by E. F. Pope of Colmesneil,
Texas. He sure hit the key note when
he said they were getting scarce. |
have noticed that they are going fast
and won’t last long in this state. Just
a few years ago they were more than
plentiful and all dead cattle, horses,
etc., were kept clean from the prairies
by them, but today the few Vultures
have plenty to eat and leave plenty to
spread disease. For example, a few
years ago, when a cow died the Vul-
tures would leave nothing but a mass
of bones and skin, which stood a slim
chance to spread disease, but now
days cattle lay and are half eaten up
by the few Vultures that are left to
destroy disease. If I am not mistaken,
sometime ago there was a $5.00 fine
for killing a Vulture. As long as this
lasted they were quite plentiful, but

188 THE OOLOGIST

now every hunter and boy that sees a
Vulture must shoot it. Most hunters
say when they kill a Vulture, “We
have done our country a great deed
because these birds carry disease and
we hunters ought to get a large bounty
for killing them.” I think a man with
such little brain of sense to say this,
is lacking in the upper story. I have
saved many Vulture by begging hunt-
ers not to kill the useful bird that God
put here to protect us from disease.

I look at it this way,—if a Vulture
does carry a little disease, why do we
have to destroy them? When a com-
mon sense will tell us that they de-
stroy ten times as much disease with-
out carrying a little with him. There
ought to be a fifty dollar fine for kill-
ing a Vulture, and if I had anything to
do with making laws, I sure would
make this one stick. I have carefully
studied the Vulture for a good many
years and haven’t been able to see
where they have hurt this country, but
I can see where they are a benefit to
the southern states. To prove it there
are more flies and other disease
spreaders raised in dead animals tnan
ever before. When the Vultures were
plentiful, they would destroy these
breeding grounds of disease, but when
few are left do not succeed. We can-
not blame the Vultures; we can only
blame these so-called hunters and
ignorant boys that. shoot everything
that has hair or feathers. You can’t
zo along a country road anywhere in
this part without finding the remains
of a disease destroying Vulture. They
were placed here for the good of the
people, but the people can’t see it, so
the poor Vulture that does no one
harm has to be shot and poisoned.

Speaking of poison, a good many
Vultures are destroyed in this way.
Ranchmen and farmers poison dead
animals intended for wolf bait but the
first one to fall prey to the poison is

the innocent Vultures. Speaking of
law again, I think there ought to be
a fine for poisoning dead animals. Be-
sides the loss of Vultures by poison,
many ranchers have lost their best
sheep or goat dog, which they value at
five hundred dollars or more.

Another destroyer of the Vulture is
the trapper, especially the wolf trap-
per of this country. They are caught
on every trap line. Instead of letting
them go, the trapper kills them and
curses the innocent bird for snapping
his traps, when it would be much
cheaper to let them go. I am not con-
demning the wolf trapper, because I
am one myself, but I am condemning
him for killing the Vulture that acci-
dentally gets in his trap. Anywhere
around here you can see a few Vul-
tures flying high or on a fence post,
but not long ago they were not a few
but were plentiful and always ready to
do the people a great favor by destroy-
ing all dead and diseased animals that
were to be found.

It is just like Mr. Pope said, to save
the Vultures, we must act now, be-
cause they are going fast. I advise
anyone that has Vulture eggs to stick
with them becaus if the killing of Vul-
tures is not stopped, the eggs will be
valuable and hard to get. We may be
able to impress on some people the
benefits of the Vulture, if the other
readers will wake up and give their
ideas on the best law-abiding birds of
the United States.

hiss 2 PEAS LES Pica ee
Book Notes.

John F. Honecker of Spokane,
Wash., has issued a small fourteen
page booklet entitled ‘“North American
Ornithology Number 1,’’ devoted to the
Red-tailed Hawk, which is a review of
the life history of this bird nicely got-
ten out.

The University of California in its
Zoological series has issued a paper by

THE OOLOGIST 189

Walter C. Bryan on the Road Runner
which is not only instructive but very
thorough and is a credit to the author
It maintains the rnniform high rank of
contributions of that character for
which he has been responsible of late.

John G. Tyler publishes in The Auk
for September, 1916, “Some Birds of
the Fresno District, California” (Sup-
plementary notes). This is an exceed-
ingly good paper and shows care and
ability in the preparation, and when
used in connection with the Pacific
Avifauna No. 9 will be a valuable addi-
tion thereto.

Dr. R. W. Shufeldt contributes to
the Geological Magazine of August,
1916, the description of a new extinct
bird from South Carolina, the speci-
men being described from the fossil
bones of a large bird coming from the
Eastern part of South Carolina, and of
a larger size than any at present ex-
isting in the United States.

American Robin—Merula migratoria.
a ©: WU; No:-761.

I have received some very interest-
ing data on a Robin’s nest near Waco,
Texas. I did not get a chance to see
it and as he only saw the one bird, I
thought possibly it was a lonesome
bird building a nest, which had been
left behind during the migrating sea-
son for some reason.

However this same friend reported
a similar occurrence to me this year,
but on account of my health being bad
this summer, I was unable to visit the
place he described. Irom the descrip-
tion I thought that this was possible
like the one named before.

I met my friend some weeks ago and
he related the following incident.
While he was enjoying an after dinner
smoke out on his front porch one af-
ternoon, he was disturbed by an awful
racket in the yard and upon investi-
gation he discovered a house cat about

to get the “upper hand” of a family
of robins, consisting of two old ones
and three young ones. The young ones
were only a day or so out of the nest.
Being a bird lover he chased the cat
and the Robin family lived happily
ever afterward.

From this you will see that the
American Robin is evidently nesting
here as this is very reliable informa-
tion. This is the first record I have
ever seen of the American Robin being
a Summer resident here.

Leverette Fitzpatrick.
Waco, McLennan Co., Texas.
The Water Bound Chickadee.

In Lake Worth many trees are
found. In the water most of them are
dead, making a paradise for Carolina
Chickadees. In my boat I was taking
some migration notes for the United
States Government so I kept a look
out for Chickadees. The lake was on
a three foot rise April 3, 1916. I
noticed a dead tree swaying back and
forth in the swift water. A chicka:
dee’s hole was about three feet from
the water. I went and examined it;
out came Mrs. Chickadee. I looked
in and found a set of eight eggs. The
nest was down in the hole six inches
made of moss and hair. The water
was still rising April 6, so I guess by
now Mrs. Chickadee’s home is washed

away. R. Graham.
Ft. Worth, Texas.
—-— <2 zf
1000 Barracuda Birds Caught in a Fish
Net.

Santa Cruz, July 13, Cottardo Steg-
nara got a catch of over 1000 barra-
cuda birds last night which he did not
bargain for while fishing off Aplos. He
was after smelt and had placed his net
and was circling with it after the catch
when a flock of thousands of these
birds swooped down after the fish and
in nearly every mesh was the neck of

190 THE OOLOGIST

a struggling, squirming bird. It was
with difficulty that they could be haul-
ed in as over a thousand were unable
to extricate themselves. They would
attempt to fly and would at times lift
quite a portion of the net out of the
water. The weight was so great that
Stegnaro could not take all the bird
catch in the boat and a half was given
to G. Bregante, who took them to the
wharf in this city and the entire night
was spent by both Stegnaro and Breg-
ante in extricating the birds, many of
Which strangled to death in the nets.
The birds fought the fishermen with
their sharp beaks and caused their
hands to be covered with small flesh
wounds.—San Jose Mercury and Her-
ald. W. A. Strong.
San Jose, Cal.

~~ ——__—_—_© = -e—

Our Woodpeckers.

The following Woodpeckers I have
observed in this locality, the South-
east portion of Columbia County:
Northern Downy, resident of a great-
er portion of the years; I think they
range a short ways back and forth. I
have found them nesting. Northern
Hairy, visitor from the north. Yellow-
bellied Sapsucker, I have found them
here, but never found a nest. Red-
bellied Woodpecker, have seen two
or three here in the spring. Red-head-
ed Woodpecker, resident whole year,
at least there are always a few to be
found here, breed; I have a set of
five eggs containing a runt. Northern
Flicker, common spring, summer and
fall, breed.

George W. H. vosBurgh.
Bag 2 oi S29 Ea
Copy.

This issue of THE OOLOGIST about
exhausts the supply of copy on hand
and we would appreciate it if those in-
terested in the little journal would get
busy forthwith, immediately, and at
once and replenish our supply.

A Bachelor Nest of the Barn Swallow.

Where is the collector who does not
pause in his search for rareties to
flush the brooding Robin from her
nest, only to be greeted by the four
familiar blue eggs? Curiosity is com-
mon to all animals and many interest-
ing and unusual phases of bird life
are revealed to the student, which
would otherwise escape his observa-
tion, if it were not for the desire to
peer into every nest which comes un-
der his notice.

It was this same spirit of inquisi-
tiveness rather than a desire to add
another set to the already elongated
row in my cabinet, that prompted me
to retrace my steps to ascertain the
contents of a Barn Swallow’s nest I
had found almost completed two
weeks previous.

When I reached the sheep-shed the
female flew from the nest and began
a nervous flight in and out of the
building. The nest was empty. One
week later I again visited the nest and
found Mrs. Swallow apparently incu-
bating. She left the nest as I entered
the shed—uttering faint notes of pro-
test, still the nest contained no eggs
although the lining was very warm,
which showed that the bird had been
covering the nest for some time. By
this time I was very much interested
and at the expiration of eight days
made a special trip of three miles to
see if anything new had developed.
As usual the female was on the nest
and displayed much concern at my ap-
proach, but the nest held nothing but
an extra large amount of chicken
feathers.

As near as I can judge this Barn
Swallow had been incubating an emp-
ty nest for twenty-four days. Very
likely the birds were too old to breed,
but were obeying the natural impulse
to reproduce species of their own kind.

James B. Carter.

THE OOLOGIST

BOOKS—Continued

KOR SALE.—Bird-Lore Vols. I to XIII
No. 3, 3 inclusive complete with indexes in
original covers #35.00. THOS. L.. McCON-
NELL, 1813 Huey St., McKeesport, Pa. (1-p)

WANTED.—Two copies of March 1916 Wil-
son Bulletin. Will pay fifty cents each if in
good condition A. F. GANIER, 1221 17th
Ave. South, Nashville, Tenn. (1-p)

maFOR SALE.— Some Bird Friends” by H.
F. Pullen, illustrated, giving Dene ob-
servations of few western birds. FREE
LANCE PUBLISHING CO., 2056 Oak Bay
Ave., Victoria, B. C. (2-p)

WANTED.—Sport in Crimes and Caucasus,
Savage Svanetia, both by C. nasa W ooley
Address with price. WM. J KMEIER.
645 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNHES, Lacon, III.

Who has any odd numbers of the 1913-1914
OOLOGIST to exchange? I have some odd
numbers of the OOLOGIST and CONDOR.
»D. I. SHEPARDSON, 209 E. 37th St., Los
Angeles, Cal.

WANTED.—'The Auk,” Vols. I and V
(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagie Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

WANTED.—bulletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologiec Club, Vol. I,cdd numbers W. LE
CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Bback volumes of the

_

x

foreign bird skins for A. 1. skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY K. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

TO EXCHANGE. —I have 1000 duplicates of

to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, eggs or cash. FRANK L. BU
Berwyn. Pa.

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ ‘California
Water Birds, No. IV,” for which I will pay
any reasonable price. W. E, CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WANTED. Correspondence with collect-
ors of butterflies. DR. T. W. RICHARDS,
U.S. Navy. care of Navy Department, Wash-
me. DeG. (1-p)

Bird Magazines and Stamps.—Send in your
name and address and I will offer cheap
reading for winter evenings. Will send
stamps on approval to collectors. LAUREN
TREMPER, 136 N. Dewey St., Philadelphia,
Penn. (2-p)

WANTED.—Copies of J. Warren Jacob’s

Quote on any you have. F.

A. HEMPHILL. 396 Union Ave., Elizabeth,
Je e

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchange ia other numbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

III

EXCHANGE-—Birds and all nature, March.
April, May, June and November 1899 for best
offer.. JOHN THOMPSON, Clinton, N. Y.

WANTED.—For cash “The Oologist” (this
magazine) Volume 3 No.4and Volume4 N
1 to complete my personal file. CHARLES
A. HEWLETT, Woodmere, N. Y.

FOR SALE.—Vols. 10, 11 and 12, Journal
Maine Ornithology 1903, 1904, 1905 and 1906.
Guide to Nature, Vols. 1. 3, 4, 5, and 6. Also
odd numbers. Odd numbers the Oologist.
Also cocoons of the Cecropia, Lo, Cynthia,
Promethea, Luna, Polypemus and Eagles
Moths. Also numerous Devonia fossils.
LOUIS S. KOHLER, 98 Watsessing Ave.,
Bloomfield, N. J.

eee pee condition: Nidiolo-
ist Vol. 1, No. 6 ee By of Washington, Vol.
V No.3 and index; I New Series 1902 No.
4-5-7; Bird Lore Vol. 1 Nb. 2-3-4-6 foo index;
Vol. II No. 1-2-5; Vol. II No. 1-2-3-6; Vol. IX
No.6 and index. How many back Thumbers
Oologist, Osprey, Bird Lore, Museum and
some others to exehange for any of above.
Will pay a reasonable cash price, and will
sell any of my duplicates, cheap.
WILLIAMS, Iowa City, Ia., R. No. 9.

MISCELLANEOUS.

WANTED.—To buy an egg cabinet from
some one in the vicinity of Boston. ED-
WARD 8S. COOMBS, Boston, Mass.

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber Ce ee suitable for

shot cartridges. R, P ARPLES, West
Chester, Pa.
FOR SALE.—The Osprey Vol.1 to Vol. 5

complete in original covers or will exchange
for eggs in sets and other Bird Magazines.
C. M. CASE. 16 Burton St., Hartford, Conn.

Butterflies and Moths of this locality for
Others not in my collection, or for eggs in
sets or foreign postage stamps. HN
GRAVES, 1057 62nd St., Oakland, Calif. (1-p)

WANTED to correspond with persons
wishing to exchange photographs of birds or
nests and eggs. I have pictures of 4x5and
post card sizes. WALTER A. GOELITZ, 509
Chalmers St., Champaign, III. (1- -p)

Mounted Horned Frogs, 50c each postpaid.
A Souvenir from Texas, used by many as
paper weights on office desks. Place your
order for one or more. Will exchange frogs
for birds’ eggs. RAMON GRAHAM, Taxi-
dermist, 401 W. Leuda St., Ft. Ye
SS as

Correspondence solicited with those who
can procure fine Indian Relics. Choice min-
erals, American and exotic land shells, and
eges of Ra,tores wanted. REV. H. E.
WHEELER, Jonesboro, Arkansas.

TO EXCHANGK.—I am “long” on arrow
heads from Ohio, Ind., and Georgia, also on
broken pottery from mounds in central Iowa.
Fragments from one inch to four inches
square. Would like to exchange with col-
lectors. Send me what you have to spare,
and tell me what you want, and I will send
you equally as good, or I will send to you
and you do the trading. Would like arrow
points from other states. F. S. SMITH,
Nevada, Iowa.

IV THE OOLOGIST

Subscribe
FOR

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The best of all bird maga-
Zines. Send it to some friend
who its interested in Birds for
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00 CENTS

Karl W. Kahmann

Chicago’s Foremost

Taxidermist

THE CONDOR

A Magazine of Western
Ornithology

Published Bi-monthly by the
Coop2r Ornithological Club of California

Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth

‘“‘The Condor’’ is strictly scientific
but edited in such a way that a be-
ginner of ‘‘Bird Study’’ can easily un-
derstand it.

The articles in ‘‘The Condor’’ are
written by the leading Ornithologists
of the United States and are illustrated

by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.50 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
try. Sample Copy 30c.

Address

W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,
Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

Taxidermy of Merit

Real, life-like execution, scientific
preservation and moth-proofing,

artistic finish and prompt service.

Fish, Birds, Animals,
Large Game Heads,

Fur Rugs and Tanning

‘Specialist on scientific skins; mounting from skins and entire museum

and educational groups and specimens.

An unusually complete stock

of ornithological and oological material on hand at all times.

2513-15 Lincoln Ave., Chicago, Ill.

THE OOLOGIST.

BIRDS--NESTS--E GGS | aN
TAXIDERMY

Vere eek. No. 12.

ALBION NX...

Dec. 15, 1916. WHOLE NO, 3853

BRIEF SPECIAL
Sale, Etc.,

Wanted, Exchange, For

serted for

ANNOUNCEMENTS

inserted in this department at 25 cents

for each 25 words for one issue; each addition: 11 word 1 cent. No notice in-
less than 25 cents.
TAKE NOTICE. Entered as second-class matter De-

SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS PER YEAR

Examine the number on the wrapper of
your Oologist. It denotes the time your
subscription expires. Remember we must
be notified if you wish it discontinued and
all arrearages must be paid. 353 your sub-
scription expires with this issue. 341 your
subscription expired with December issue
1915. Other expirations can be compu ted by
intermediate numbers at the rate of one
number per month.

cember 21, 1903, at the post ‘office at
Albion, N. Y., under the Act of Congress
Of Mareh vs. ibs19:

rr |

In answering advertisements in
these columns mention “The Oologisi,”
and thereby help us, as well as.-the ad-
vertiser and yourself.

We will not advertise the skins, nests,

North American Birds for sale.

ses only.—EDITOR.

eggs, or mounted specimens of

These columns are for the use of those desiring
to make bona fide exchanges of such Specimens for

scientific collecting purpo-

eS

BIRDS

WANTED-—Live American Wild Trumpet-

er Swan. R. M. Barnes. Lacon, III.
WANTED. — Nests of North American
Birds. Also eggs in sets and skins. Will

appreciate list of what you have to exchange
or sell. LEVERETTE FITZPATRICK, 1808
Webster St., Waco, Texas.

I havea lot of fine duck skins with heads
folded over the back which I will exchange
for skins of common small land birds. A.C.
BENT, Taunton, Mass.

EXCHANGE.—I want a pair each of strict-
ly first-class skins of a number of eastern
warblers and sparrows, including many
common kinds, for which I can offer some
western Oregon land birds. If interested,
please send list. Who can use good skins of
Mountain Beaver (Apladontia pacifica) for
cash? ALEX WALKER, Hemlock, Creaote

-p

WILL EXCHANGE.—Several fine skins of
Phasianias torquatus (Ring-necked Pheas-
ant) and a few ducks for smaller species.
STANLEY G. JEWETT. 582 Bidwell Ave.,
Portland, Oregon.

WANTED.—Copies of North American
Fauna series, Biological Survey bulletins,
and certain Bird Lore’s to complete series,
for which I offer ornithological books and
magazines, and rare Alaska bird skins. GEO.

G. CANTWELL, Puyallup, Wash.
(1-p)

FOR EXCHANGE — Mounted bird skins
and eggs, want bird skins American and
foreign, send lists. JESSE T. CRAVEN, 811
Roosevelt Ave., Detroit, Mich.

Who wants three Golden Eagles and two
Bald Eagles, hand raised,3and 4 years old?
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE—Good pair of the nearly
extirpated Piping Plover for a good skin
adult male Mangrove Warbler. C. L. PHIU:
LIPS, 5 West Weir St., Taunton, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Mounted birds, No.

51 137. 139, 230, 339, 360, for eggs. RAMON
GRAHAM, 401 W. Leuda St., Fort Worth,
Texas. (1-p)

fl THE OOLOGIST

EGGS.

In sending in your exchange notices
for nests, skins and eggs, we would ap-
preciate it if you would arrange the
numerals in your exchange notice in
their numerical order, and not tumble
them together hit and miss, as some of
our readers are complaining, and we
think justly so.

J. W. PRESTON, Cheney. Washington, has
a splendid exchange list. Send lists first.

Collection of 120 sets for Parker 16 Gauge
eons. Dr. A, H. GRUBB, West Chester,
enn.

WANTED EGGS—Have collection Ohio
Indian relics to exchange for first-class sets
with data. Send list receive mine. B. kR.
BALES, Circleville, Ohio.

Oologist Tools and Supplies. Books and
Magazines of every description, Fishing
Rods and Tackle. Lists. quotations prompt
ly sent. BENJAMIN HOAG, Garfield, N. Y.

I am always wanting lists of entire col-
lections of North American Birds’ Eggs
which the owners desire to dispose of. None
are too large and none are too small if they
contain any material that I need. R. M.
BARNES, Lacon, III.

BIRDS’ EGGS—I will collect strictly first
class sets in this locality during the coming
season in exchange for desirable postage
sramDe: GEORGE D. FRENCH, Ivoryton,

onn.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Eggs of Coots, Florida
Galinules, Night Heron, T. B. Grebes, Least
Bitterns, Black Terns. Killdeers,etc. DELOS
HAi CH, Oakfield. Wis.

Steel Specimen Cases, absolutely dust and
insect proof. Designed for bird or mammal
skins, or birds’ eggs. For specifications and
pitces write W. HUBER, Gwynedd Valley,

FOR EXCHANGE.—Full sets of 1, 3. 11, 16,
30, 32, 37, 49, 53, 65, 71, 77, 80, 108, 117. 120c, 121,
122, 126, 141, 155, 188, 191, 197, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214.
219, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 243, 261, 263, 264, 269. 275,
280, 293, 294, 329. 331, 333. 335. 337, 337b. 339, 339b.
341, 343, 348, 355, 359, 360, 3604, 362, 364, 365, 366,
367, 373, 375, 375d, 378, 385, 387, 388. 390. 406, 409,
414, 413, 416, 420. 423. 431, 444, 452, 456, 461, 466a,
467, 474b, 475, 477, 477a, 488, 494, 498, 501, 506, 513,
529, 540, 566, 584, 595, 598, 608, 611. 612, 613, 622, 627,
628, 631, 652, 656, 658, 659, 667, 674, 577, 679, 681, 683,
687, 704, 705, 713, 725, 735, 756, 761 and 766. OT-
TOMAR REINECKE, 400 Elm St., uu:

“p

WANTED.—To correspond with collectors
who take sets of the following species, A. O.
U. 134, 140. 153, 192, 277, 299, 308 (or its species),
309, 314, 317, 318, 344. 352a and many others. I
have a jist of over seventy five species to
offer in exchange, most of them personally
gollected- F. C. WILLARD, Tombstone,

riz.

WANTED.--All sets of my taking except
Nos. 316, 326, 372b, 443. 452, 506, 511b, 552, 593, 601,
663, 703, 719c. ELTON PERRY 610 Baylor St..
Austin, Texas.

Will exchange mounted birds for eggs in
‘gets with original data. Also have fine sets
to exchange. L B. WHEELER, East
Randolph, N. Y.

NOVA SCOTIA BIRDS EGGS.—A few per-
sonally collected sets of eggs from this region,
in beautiful sets of Nos. 228, 334, 459, 517, 567,
648a, 655, 657, 667, 740a, 748 and others. Write
for ney list. R. W. TUFTS, Wolfville, Nova
Scotia

FOR EXCHANGE.—European and Asiatic
bird eggs in sets with data for eggs of North
American species needed for my collection,
C. W. CHAMBERLAIN, 36 Lincoln S&t.,
Boston, Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE,—5 x 7 photographs _ of
nests with eggs of 26 species of this locality
with full sets of eggs of all common species
on basis of 40 cents each. These are extra
good photos. ELTON PERRY, 610 Baylor
St., Austin, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE-~—191 1-4, 299b, 1-11, 291 1-11
293a 1-12, 293 1-11, 310c 1-12, 326 1-2, 333 1-4, 337a
1-3, 335 1-3, 340 1-2, 341 1-3, 345 1-3, 368b 1-2, 373b
1-4, 416 1-2, 421 1-2, 420c 1-2, 453 1-5, 487 1-5, 50la
1-5, 593c 1-3 1-4, 594 1-4, 630 n-4, 703 1-5, 717a 1-5
718b 1-5, 732 1-6, 736a n-6, and others. The
above all Al material, personally collected.
E. F. POPE, Colmesneil, Texas.

Small collection Japanese eggs. 25 species.
42 sets 160 specimens, all carefully prepared,
correctly named and with date, many very
beantiful. Free by parcel post for $15 or
would exchange for handsome sets A. O. U.
364 List sent. Address “Collector,” 15 Beau-
fort, West Balti, England. (9-3)

First-class eggs in sets from this locality
to exchange for Ornithological papers, N. A.
Fauna’s. Biological Survey Bulletins, etc.
CHAS. W. TINDALL, Independence, Mo. '
aera ean eer me ee ee

Want southern and Western sets, some
quitecommon. Have to exchange northern
seabird sets, 4 x 5 camera etc. Climbers, and
stamps. Write F. M. CARRYL, 19 Burnett
St., Maplewood, N. J. (1-p)

WANTED.—349 1-2 well marked for which
I offer the following sets 352 1-2, 663 n-4, 4161-2.
T. D. PERRY, Savannah, Ga.

I have the following fine sets to dispose of,
both in series and single sets.—393. 394c, 409,
423, 465, 456, 511b, 546, 560, 563, 575a, 581, 587, 593,
598, 617, 619, 636, 642, 639, 652, 658, 674, 676, 677, 683,
Bee ie 718, 719, 727, 736, 751, 755, 761, 766, 316, 289,
263. 201.

WANTED.—Sets of Sharp-shinned Hawk,
344, 354a, 393b. 395, 398, 399, 418. 439, 463. Also
249, 252, 260, etc. Rare sets offered in ex-
change. J. HOOPER BOWLES, The Wood-
stock, Tacoma, Wash.

Will exchange for first class eggs only,
singles or sets, including most Raptores,
Warblers, Sparrows, sea-birds and water-
birds. the following articles, 1 Stewart oa’
jeaurine, 1 guitar, 1 mandolin, a kodak,
good 4 Volume Universal Dictionary ahi
many school and college text books and cabi-
net work. Best offer accepted. H. L.
MOODY, Lake Wilson, Minn.

Exchange desired with those having eggs
in sets, bird and mammal skins and tirst
class photos of birds and nests in situ. Offer
sets, Skins of water fow! taken in open season,
many duplicate books and separates on
birds; or cash. Small but complete collec-
tions of your local bird skins desired for
museum. THE BAILEY MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY, 54th St., Newport
News, Virginia. (1-p)

THE OOLOGIST III

1917
THE OOLOGIST

PSHE coming year will see much improve-

_ JY ment in the Oologist.

alr)! IS better than any other 50 cent maga-
zine on earth now, but we will make
febetter yet.

(i readers can help us improve it by

sending us copy and also sending us
new subscribers.

interest in Birds and are every month

adding to our Subscription List.

THE OOLOGIST 00 cents LACON, ILL.

VI a THE OOLOGIST

ADVERTISERS

THE OOLOGIST is by far the best advertising medium in
America for all who have things to dispose of which interest
those who make any branch of Natural History either a pro-
fession or a hobby, Field glasses, cameras, cabinets, natural
history books, and specimens of all kinds are in constant
use by its readers. Asa medium of exchange between those
having specimens it is without a peer. Place your 1917

contract NOW.

“It might interest you to know that my ad of last year netted me some-
thing over fifty dollars and gained a number of regular and worthy cor-
respondents who I would perhaps have known by name only had it not
been for The Oologist.”’

LOUIS S;{“KOREER:

January 3, 1916.
‘‘Please omit my exchange notice in the magazine as | have completely
disposed of my duplicate sets.’’
WALTER: A.-GOELIFZ:

‘‘Your publication of last exchange notice brought immediate inquiries
and | effected a prompt sale of my cabinet offered. It also introduced me
to new correspondents.”’

REV... Glo Wy ee eins
Jonesboro, Ark.

THE OOLOGIST.

Vou. XXXIII. No.12. Aston, N. Y., Dec. 15, 1916.

WHOLE No. 353

Owned and Published Monthly, by R. M. Barnes, Albion, N.Y., and Lacon, Ill.

ee

ee ee

A MERRY CHRISTMAS

With this issue The Oologist closes
the year 1916. It has not been all we
had hoped for, but has been better
than we feared it might be at times.
The Editor desires to express his ap-
preciation for the aid and support ex-
tended us during the year just closing.

The Oologist is only what its
friends make it. They can make it bet-
ter or worse as the case my be. The
Editor is only the medium through
which they work. The Oologist is not
a commercial proposition. If it were,
it would not now be. It would have
ceased long, long ago, before we took
it.

The sole object in keeping the Oolo-
gist alive is that we may all have a
common source to which we may all
Zo. Students, amateurs, ornitholo-
gists and oologists alike; for the lat-
est and best in those lines. Sentiment
also plays a part. Many of us older

BEE Bhs

oologists have been tied to the Oolo-
gist for many long years. The tie is
hard to sever. If it were not for the
Oologist where would the oologists of
America be? Just think of that for a
moment! The year 1916 is the only
year since we took over The Oologist
that the subscription list has not
shown a net gain. The loss this year
is small, but it is up to our friends to
see to it that it does not continue.

Paper, cuts and everything that
makes up The Oologist have gone up
in price. The subscription remains
the same. All money received by The
Oologist for subscription and adver-
tising goes into the magazine expenses.
The more we receive the better maga-
zine we can have and the revenue is
likewise true.

Mr. Subscriber,-
AND THEN ACT...

think this over,

R. M. Barnes.

Sse Be

192 THE OOLOGIST

Notes from Goose Island, Michigan

In the northern part of Lake Huron
iies a long low strip of land known as
Goose Island. In length it does not
exceed a mile, while at its widest
point it is scarcely over one hundred
and twenty-five yards across. The
northern end is a rather pretty flower-
dotted meadows, fringed with a growth
of bushes and small trees. The center
is thickly overgrown with young
cedars which are _ practically im-
penetrable. The lower or southern
end is covered with a rank growth of
coarse grass interspersed with a few
small poplar trees. Around the entire
island is a stony beach, of varying
width, which makes walking decided-
ly unpleasant in anything but heavy-
soled shoes.

For years past this has been the
seldom disturbed home of the Herr-
ing Gull, along with a few other
species of water birds and a consider-
able number of song and insectivorous
ones.

When visited in 1913, one hundred
or more pairs of Gulls were breeding
there but this year the number was
found to have dropped to approximate-
ly seventy-five pairs. This decrease
may be due in part to the growing
tendency of the summer residents of
the town of Hessel and vicinity to
make trips to Goose Island in order
to secure a few of the young Gulls
for pets. Another reason may be that
of late years would-be sportsmen
have found this (during the months
of July and August) an easy hunt-
ing ground for fledgling ducks. Of
course I do not mean to accuse any
of those gentlemen duck slaughter-
ers of shooting Herring Gulls, yet it
is very probable that a person who
would kill young ducks, unable to
fly, would not be above taking a prac-
tice shot at anything that flies.

My visit this summer was limited

to three days, the 12th to 14th of July,
of which the greater portion of the
12th was spent in making the seven
mile row out and in seting up our
camp. Likewise the 14th was large-
ly spent in breaking camp and our
return trip. (By the way we were
careless enough to pitch our tent
among a few small shoots of poison
ivy. The result was a slight dose on
the arms, legs, and face. Moral—-
Never pick poison ivy for a_ bed-fel-
low.) AS soon as we were fairly set-
tled I set out to see what was to be
found in the way of breeding birds.
As was to be expected at that late
date, I was disappointed with the
Gulls as most of their eggs had
hatched and the young gone. How-
ever some few nests contained young
which I eagerly photographed. One
nest in particular interested me for
it held two young ones, of which one
was several days old while the other
had just come out of the egg. The
picture of this couple was really the
only one of any value that I secured,
of the Gulls. In another nest I found
ohne young one dining on an already
half-eaten perch. On once being fed
by hand he refused to touch the fish
if it was put down. Therefore the
only thing left to do was to feed him
until he was thoroughly satisfied. Of
the other nests we found all but one
or two were empty, although a few
contained rotten or deserted eggs.
The young that had left the nest
would take to the water on a signal
given by the old birds as soon as any-
one was seen approaching. In this
way they would be out of sight be-
fore you could arrive anywhere near
them. From the fact that they set so
low in the water it took a field glass
to pick them out even though they
were not very far off shore. By going
out in a boat one could soon catch all
he desired. In this manner we _ ob-

THE OOLOGIST 193

Nest of the Red-breasted Merganser on Goose Island in Lake Michigan
—Photo, 1916, by Albert D. McGrew.

194 THE OOLOGIST

tained five for photographic purposes,
but after trying for more than half
the day to catch them in natural pos-
es had to give up in despair. The old
birds were not very fearless in de-
fense of their young as was shown
when we went out in the boat, for the
parent birds would merely scream ex-
citedly when we picked their young
out of the water. Occasionally they
would scoop at us but never did any
come close.

While tramping thru the thick
grass bordering a small bay on the
south end of the island I flushed a
duck of some sort from her nest. As
the grass was so high I could only
follow the course she took by the
waving of the grass as she waddled
towards the water. Reaching the
edge of the bay she plumped in, swam
quietly thru the reeds, then pattered
along until she gained wing. The
view I had was sufficient to let me
know that it was a Red-breasted Mer-
ganser. During the search for the
nest I flushed a family of Mallards
which although fully fledged were
still able to fly. One was unfortunate
enough to try to make an escape by
land and as a result was captured.
Returning to finish the hunt for the
nest I was soon rewarded by discover-
ing a beautifully conceald home con-
taining ten well-incubated eggs. It
was in a deep depression in the
ground, between the main roots of
two small poplar saplings one of
which was across the front entrance
to the nest. The whole structure
was cleverly arched over with dead
grasses and the concealment was so
perfect that only by flushing the bird
wonld its presence be suspected. By
bending back the grass from the front
I was able to secure a tolerably good
picture of the eggs. All attempts at
photographing the old bird failed.

Towards evening another nest of

the Red-breasted Merganser was
found. This one was built beside an
old log around which several thick
bushes had grown, thus offering a
well-concealed nesting-site. The sev-
en eggs were quite fresh as was
shown by returning in three weeks to
find only two hatched. Whenever the
owner of this nest departed for any
length of time she would completely
cover the eggs with down. This may
be clearly seen by the picture.

During my entire stay only two
male Mergansers were seen although
at least a dozen females were noted.
Both Black Ducks and Mallards were
breeding on the island but both had
young almost grown. At least one
pair of Common Terns bred there as
the old birds were seen with food,
but no young could be located. A
pair of Least Sandpipers were there
the entire three days of my stay but
they were undoubtedly early migrants
as Goose Island is too far south to be
included in their breeding range.
Twenty-five or more pairs of Spotted
Sandpipers made the island their
home and within an hour after our
arrival I accounted for five of their
nests containing the usual set of four.
All stages of young were found from
the newly-hatched to the fully-grown.

The finding of a Song Sperrew’s
nest with one Cowbird’s egg in it in-
terested me as no Cowbirds were
seen on the island and the nearest
land was four miles away.

Could Goose Island only be made
a bird preserve it would no doubt be
of great benefit to a large number of
water and shore birds of the great
lakes region as it affords an admira-
ble breeding ground for Gulls, Terns.
Ducks, and Sandpipers.

Albert D. McGrew

i —— ——_—_o—~<>—e —- —__—_ —
Personal.
The readers of The Oologist are

THE OOLOGIST i

Nest and Eggs of Red-breasted Merganser Beside a Log on Goose Island,
Lake Michigan
—Photo, 1916, by Albert D. McGrew.

Nests and Eggs of Red-breasted Merganser by a Log Covered with Down as
the Bird Left it to Feed; Nest on Goose Island, Lake Michigan
—Photo, 1916, by Albert D. McGrew,

196 THE OOLOGIST

to be congratulated over the fact that
P. M. Silloway, one of the best known
North American naturalists has
“come back” in this issue, and prom-
ises us further copy. We hope for the
benefit of our readers and subscribers
that P. M. will not overlook keeping
his promise. He is one of the most
interesting of bird writers and owing
to his wide field experience, much of
it in very unusual places, his contri-
butions will be looked forward to with
much interest.

Leo J. Miller of the American Mu-
seum of Natural History, New York
City, advises us that he has just re-
turned from an over two years trip
in South America. We are glad to
hear of Mr. Miller’s safe return, and
trust that he will favor the readers of
The Oologist with some of his obser-
vations in due time.

Northern Ravens in Nova Scotia.

Last Spring I had an experience
with a pair of Ravens which I feel
might be of interest to the readers of
The Oologist.

In October, 1914, while ground
shooting at Margaretville, a seaport
village on the Bay of Fundy, I daily
saw one or more Ravens. It was
their regular appearance in the vicin-
ity which aroused by special interest
—an interest which grew more keen
as I listened to the following story:
I was visiting with a friend—a young
farmer who has always lived in Mar-
garetville, and I quite naturally asked
him if he had ever found a Raven’s
nest. I was delighted to learn that
he knew where they had nested for
years, high up on a narrow ledge of
rock, on the ragged, perpendicular
cliff or sea-wall which at this place

Nests and

Eggs of Herring Gull on Gravel Beach of Goose Island, Lake

Michigan

—Photo, 1916, by Albert D. McGrew,

THE OOLOGIST 197

face

Two Young Herring Gulls just Hatched in Nest on Goose Island, Lake
Michigan
—Photo, 1916, by Albert D. McGrew.

4

Young Herring Gull Eating its Dinner, Goose Island, Lake Michigan
—Photo, 1916, by Albert D. McGrew,

198 THE OOLOGIST

rises from 90 to 1380 feet above the
rocky beach of the Bay of Fundy. He
said that when he was a small boy—
over twenty years ago, his grandfath-
er, a sea-captain of eighty odd years,
had taken him along the beach and
shown him the nest, and each year as
he grew bigger, he and other village
boys would amuse themselves’ by
stoning the nest, but on account of its
height most of their shots fell far
short of the mark. His grandfather
recalled having indulged in the same
pastime when he was a boy, for the
Ravens had nested on this ledge as
far back as he could remember, and
every spring had been known to kill
their young lambs in the field along
the bluff. These depredations would
account in part for the _ hostility
shown by the farmers in the district
to the birds. It was not possible to
see the nest from above due to the
fact that there was at this place a
five- foot overhang of rock. I at once
decided that I must have a set of eggs
from that ledge.

The following March, despite the
protest that I was a month too early
for any signs of nesting, I again visit-
ed Margaretville, and with my friend
set out for a walk along the beach.
The cliff covered with hanging cas-
cades of ice formed by the tiny wa-
ter-falls, many of which in summer
would hardly be noticeable, my friend
felt certain that no birds could be
nesting among such cold and uninvit-
ing surroundings, but as we drew
near the vicinity of the ledge, I was
not surprised to see an old Raven
soaring in Majestic circles over the
Cliff.

As we drew to the place where he
first appeared we caught only occa-
sional glimpses of him. He would ap-
pear just for a fraction of a second,
high up over the brow of the cliff, and
the alacrity with which he would flap

his great wings in his efforts to get
out of sight, seemed to tell of long
years of persecution from rifles and
shot guns.

My guide was not sure that he
could even find the old nesting site,
on account of the ice, but from the
way the old Raven was acting, I felt
reasonably certain it could not be
very far off. A few moments later,
I saw another Raven leave the side of
the cliff not forty yards ahead of us.
Yes, this was the same old nesting
place—ice all about—but none on the
narrow ledge itself, due as I found
later, to the fact that its surface
sloped backwards and gave a natural
drainage off into the crevice. Proba-
bly one reason this site was original-
ly chosen and so long favored was be-
cause it was always so dry. We es-
timated that the nest was about 70
feet and the cliff itself, as we learned
later was 110 feet at this point. The
next morning we set off with two ex-
tra men, one of whom, a husky sail-
or, had volunteered to reach the ledge
by means of a strong rope which we
were to make fast to a tree back over
the brow of the cliff. He went up
from the beach, sailor fashion, hand
over hand, seldom stopping to rest,
but we soon saw that this plan was a
failure, as he was too far out, due to
the overhang above, on which in our
haste we had not calculated. We de-
cided that a more elaborate scheme
would be necessary. That afternoon
was spent in preparing our equipment
and next morning (March 24th, 1915)
we loaded the outfit on a team and
drove to the woods on the cliff just
above the nest. To one end of a rope
cable was fastened a sort of sailor
chair and this was lowered to the
beach. To prevent the rope from be-
coming frayed and also from dislodg-
ing the loose rocks, it was run over
a roller which was fastened to two

THE OOLOGIST 199

parallel beams which protruded out
over the edge, thus allowing the rope
to run free. When all was ready, two
of us started for the beach below—a
mere distance of 110 feet, but entail-
ing a three-mile walk by way of the
nearest gorge or break in the sea-
wall. Arrived below, climbed into
the chair armed with a light two-tined
pick. My companion who was to give
the signals, when I was ready could
searcely make himself heard to those
above on account of the blustering
eastwind which was blowing accom-
panied by occasional snow flurries.
After some little delay I began to
ascend in a spinning, dizzying fashion
which was most disconcerting and
equally unexpected. However, I soon
arrived opposite the ledge and the sig-
nal was given to hold fast. But
though opposite the ledge, I was hang-
ing fully five feet out, but from there
I had a good view. The rocky shelf
was about four feet deep and was
partly covered with dead grasses. A
little clump of three dwarfed raspber-

ry bushes, rooted in a erevice as
though striving for more light. But
these things were secondary. What

impressed me most was the array of
nests—nests in all stages of dilapida-
tion. I counted five corresponding to
that number of years. Older than
these were merely confused piles of
sticks, matted and decayed. And
there on my left was the new nest,
whether empty or not I could not tell.
Reaching out with the hook, I pulled
myself in far enough to look into the
nest. It contained only’ four eggs—a
small set—but nevertheless I felt it
was complete, since the bird had been
sitting on the nest each time we
had come. But the nest was farther-
est from the edge and was still about
four feet beyond my reach. My hold
on the ledge was far from secure and
I could feel it giving way. In a mom-

ent I was swinging off into
again, as a shower of rocks clattered
down below me. I needed two hooks,
the second one to take a fresh hold
fartherback. Again and again I tried

to reach the nest, but the strain was

space

too great—the overhang being only
twenty-five feet above me, and the
pick would not hold in the loose

rocks. Finally I got a fairly good
hold and pulled myself in far enough
so that with my left hand I was able

to seize the frail little raspberry
stems close down at the roots. Slen-
der as they were, they held long

enough for me to reach out with the
hook and get a new hold farther back
in a crevice.

Now with my left hand I could just
reach the outer edge of the nest I
pulled the whole thing toward me and
with cold and trembling hands, I re-
moved the four eggs—one at a time,
in safety to the collecting box which
was suspended about my neck.
Swinging off again, the signal was
given and I was gently lowered. The
whole performance occupied about
two hours and during that time the
Ravens were rarely seen, and then
only at a distance, when they would
appear over the woods to the east-
ward about one half mile away, give
a croak or two and disappear. Upon
subsequent examination and compar-
ison I found that the eggs showed no
signs of incubation and were cousid-
erably smaller than I had expected
to find them, being but slightly larger
than the largest crow’s eggs in my
collection.

This set is now in the possession ol
Mr. John E. Thayer of Lancaster,
Mass.

Hoping that the birds might at-
tempt to nest again in the same
place, J revisited Margaretville on
April 20th, but saw no sign of them
in the vicinity of their old home. On

200 THE OOLOGIST

May 7th I received word from my
friend that he had discovered their
new nest on the cliff, about a mile
further down the Bay, and next day
I set out to investigate. This time
the site chosen was on a small shelf
of rock and was absolutely inacces-
sible. Being anxious to get one ot
these old Ravens for my collection, I
decided to lie in wait till they re-
turned for as in the other case both
birds left at our approach. After
much patient waiting and scheming I
surprised the birds as they were re-
turning to the nest and I succeeded
in bringing one down. Its bare un-
derparts—which were noted on pick-
ing up the bird—instantly told me I
had shot the sitting female and I
must confess I was sorry, for I feared
I had broken up the home. I had
hoped to get the male bird. The fol-
lowing day I visited the nest again
from the beach and was surprised to
see the faithful old male fly from the
nest as I approached. With my glass-
es, I hid behind a rock 300 yards
away and waited. In about three
quarters of an hour he appeared over
the bluff, directly above the nest, but
though I had not moved and consid-
ered myself well concealed, he saw
me and with a frightened “yelp” dis-
appeared again in the direction from
which he came. The following Sun-
day, May 16th, my friend went to the
nest and reported to me that there
were two Ravens about the nest. The
old male had taken himself a new
mate. This incident was especially
pleasing to me, for I had feared that
with this ancient bird—as with that
other Raven of renown—it might be
a case of “ nevermore.”

Some weeks later I learned that
the young Ravens had flown and were
four in number. When skinning the
bird I had shot, I found three old
sears from shot wounds on the breast,

and the skull was exceedingly thick
and quite filled with bony tissues.
Summing up all the evidence, the
small size of the eggs and only four
in number; the exceedingly wariness
of the birds; the scars on the bird I
had shot and the fact that ledge had
been so long occupied, leads me to
the conclusion that the bird I have in
my collection had survived the storms
and famines of many a bleak Nova
Scotia winter. Up to the present
time I have no authentic data con-
cerning the longevity of the Raven.
Perhaps some reader of The Oologist
can give me some accurate informa-
tion on the subject. The general con-
census of opinions seems to be that
these birds attain great age.
R.. W..- Duties

Wolfville, Nova Scotia.

ot bh See

The New Game Laws.

We have had occasion to examine
the “Conservation Laws of the State
of Maryland” with reference to the
question as to whether or not this
law prohibits persons holding a cer-
tificate permitting them to collect
birds, their nests and eggs for strict-
ly scientific purposes only, have the
right to exchange the specimens so
collected under such certificate to
other persons engaged in the same
character of collection, and who will
use the specimens for the same pur-
poses.

It is the opinion of the editor, both
as a scientist and a lawyer of some
thirty years’ standing, that this law
does not prohibit a person who holds
a certificate entitling him to collect
birds, their nests and eggs for strict-
ly scientific purposes from exchang-
ing the specimens thus collected un-
der such certificate: with other per-
sons engaged in making similar col-
lections, and who will use them for
strictly scientific purposes.

THE OOLOGIST 201

_ Any other construction of this law
would tend to hinder scientific col-
lecting and would result ultimately in
much surreptitious violation of the
law, and would extend it beyond the
intent and import of the law at the
time of its passage.

One of the grave dangers that the
laws relating to conservation gener-
ally will meet is an effort on the part
of those charged with the enforce-
ment of such laws to arbitrarily and
and unnecessarily extend the operation
of said laws beyond their reasonable
interpretation and thereby align
against such laws any person who
will be thus effected, and likewise to
bring the laws and the reasonable en-
forcement of the same into ridicule
and disrepute. Officers charged with
the enforcement of these laws will do
well to realize that a person who is
of the class entitling him to a certif-
icate to collect under such laws is a
person to be trusted with the proper
disposition of his specimens.

R. M. Barnes.
2 ee
Some Rare Things.

We have recently received from a
collector located on the Northwest
Arctic coast of Alaska a number of
sets of eggs which are unusual in any
collection, and have thought proper
to record some of the facts with rela-
tion thereto, viz.:

These eggs were taken on or near
the Arctic coast about three hundred
miles Northeast of Bering Strait, and
the nesting dates of the specimens
taken as shown by the data accom-
panying them is as follows, viz.:

June 6, Yellow-billed Loon, Red-
throated Loon, Long-tailed Jaegar,
Point Barrow Gull, Pacific Hider,
Black Brant, all being fresh except
Long-tailed Jaegar, the eggs of which
were long- advanced in incubation.

June 10, Alaskan Longspur, fresh.

June 12, Point Barrow Gull, Pacific

Hider, Pectoral Sandpiper, Bairdi
Sandpiper, Pacific Red-backed Sand-
piper, Turnstone, all of which were

fresh except the Pectoral and Red-
backed Sandpiper, in which incuba-
tion had begun, and the Least Sand-
piper in which incubation was ad-
vanced.

June 13th, Turnstone.

June 14, Red Phalarope and Pacif-
ic Red-backed Sandpiper, both of
which were fresh.

June 15, Alaskan Longspur, fresh.

June 16th, Turnstone, incubation
slight.

June 18th, Red-throated Loon, fresh.

June 20th, Pacific Eider, fresh.

June 22, Pintail Duck, Pacific Hider,
Black Brant, Little Brown Crane,
Northern Phalarope, Buff-breasted
Sandpiper, all of which were fresh
except that incubation was slight in
the Pacific Hider and Buff-breasted,
Sandpiper, and far advanced in the
Northern Phalarope.

June 23, Pacific Loon, Black Brant,
Pacific- Golden Plover, all fresh ex-
cept the latter, in which incubation
was slight.

June 24th, Pacific Hider, incubation
slight.

June 26th, Old Squaw, King Hider,
Snowflake, the former fresh, the lat-
ter incubation slight.

July 3, Pallas’ Murre and Stone
Chat, the later fresh; the former in-
cubation far advanced.

July 5, Pallas’ Murre,
slight. Stone Chat, fresh.

July 7 , Horned Puffin, one fresh.
Many sets found badly incubated.

July 5-15, Many sets Pallas’ Murre
taken between these dates all of
which were either fresh or the incu-
bation very slight.

NESTING LOCATIONS.

The nesting locations of these vari-

ous birds in this far away Northland

incubation

THE OOLOGIST

were as follows:

Yellow-billed Loon: Eggs laid on
bare tussock or hummock surrounded
by water on the tundra,

Pacific Loon: Nest of wet grass
on sandy bank near water in a lagoon.

Rer-throated Loon: Nest of wet
grass on a small island in marsh and
at the edge of lagoon.

Horned Puffin: Nest of dry grass
in bottomm of a burrow near the top
of a eliff.

Pigeon Guillemot: Nests of dry
grass on rocky cliff.

Pallas’ Murre: Eggs laid on the
bare sand of beach.

Pacific Kittiwake: Nests of dry

grass on ledges of cliffs.

Point Barrow Gull: Nest of dry
grass, lined with down out on the tun-
dra near lake.

Long-tailed Duck: Nests of down
from bird in grass on small island in
a lagoon; others out in the open tun-
dra moss, made of down, usually near
water.

Pacific Kider: Nests of down from
the bird, built on niggerhead rocks
near the sea; others of down made
in the moss out on the tundra.

King Hider: Nest of down from
the bird sunk in the sand of the sea
beach.

Black Brant: Nests of down from
the birds sunken in moss on small isl-
and in a marsh; others of down sunk-
en in the grass and moss near lakes
out on the tundra.

Little Brown Crane: Nest of dried
leaves out on the tundra.

Red Phalarope: No nests; eggs
laid on the bare ridges of the tundra.

Northern Phalarope: Nest of dry
leaves of plants on the ground near
water on the tundra.

Pectoral Sandpiper: Nest of dry
plant leaves out on the open tundra.

Baird’s Sandpiper: Nest of dry
plant leaves near water on the open

tundra.

Pacific Red-backed Sandpiper;
Nests mere depressions in the moss
and grass of the tundra.

Buff-breasted Sandpiper: Nests of
dry grass on side hill of rolling tun-
dra about seventy-five yards from a
lake.

Pacific Golden Plover: Nests of
moss on slight ridge sunken in the
moss of the tundra.

Turnstone: No nests; eggs laid in
depressions on mossy ridges of the
tundra.

Snowflake: Nest of dry grass lined
with fine grasses and feathers on the
ground; one nest under a building at
the station.

Alaskan Longspur: Nests of dried
grasses and plant leaves lined with
finer grasses in tufts of dry grass on
the ground out on the tundra.

Stone Chat: Nests of dry grasses
lined with feathers; one under a
building; another under a flour cache.

INDIAN NAMES.

The Indian names of these birds so
far as reported by our collector are
as follows, viz.:

Yellow-billed Loon Tu-d-lik
Red-throated Loon Kak-son
Pigeon Guillemot Ing-a-ray-uk
Pallas’s Murre Crow-bill
Point Barrow Gull Now-yuk
Pintail Ka-ru-gruk
Old Squaw Duck A-ned-lik
Pacific Hider A-man-lik
Black Brant Nig-a-lik
Pectoral Sandpiper Nov-vrek-
yook

Baird’s Sandpiper Noov-yooruk

Pacific Golden PloverToo-li-gak

Among the freak specimens re-
ceived with this shipment was an
egg, dark green and entirely un-
marked, and very smooth, of the Pa-
cific Loon; another was a dwarf egg
of Pallas’s Murre measuring only
1.50x1.11 inches. And another was a
giant egg of Pallas’s Murre showing

THE OOLOGIST 208

the extraordinary measurements of
3.87x2.25 inches.

It is needless to say that these addi-
tions to our collection were very glad-
ly received.

R. M. Barnes
a ne ae
Nesting Birds, Copan, Washington
County, Okla.

Following is a list of such birds as
I have a record of: Doubtless there
are a number of others.

Great Blue Heron, a few seen all
summer.

Green
streams.

Yellow Crowned Night Heron, a
few nesting each season.

Bartramian Sandpiper, a few seen
all summer on prairie.

Killdeer, fairly common.

Heron, common along

Mounring Dove, common every
where.

Turkey Vulture, quite common.
Mississippi Kite, scarce nesting
bird.

Cooper’s Hawk, not very many.

Red-tailed Hawk, fairly common.

Red-shouldered Hawk, our common-
est Hawk.

Broad-winged Hawk, very few.

Sparrow Hawk, a few nesting.

Barn Owl, scarce.

Barred Owi, common.

Sereech Owl, common.

Great Horned Owl, fairly common.

Yellow-billed Cuckoo, common.
Downy Woodpecker, commonest
Woodpecker.

Hairy Woodpecker, fairly common.

Redhead, more common this year
than other years.

Redbellied Woodpecker, fairly com-
mon.

Flicker, a few nesting along upland
streams.

Chuck-Will’s
mon.

Night Hawk, fairly common.

Widow, not uncom-

Chimney Swift, common in towns.

Ruby-throat, a few seen all sum-
mer.

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, fairly
common.

Kingbird, fairly common.

Crested Flycatcher, common.

Phoebe, common.

Wood Pewee, fairly common.

Green-crested Flycatcher,
common.

Prairie Horned Lark, common.

Blue Jay, fairly common.

Crow, very common.

Cowbird, very common.

Red-wing, very common. .

Meadowlark, our commonest bird.

Orchard Oriole, common in prairie
woods.

Goldfinch, common.

English, Sparrow, very common.

Grasshopper Sparrow, very com-
mon.

Lark Sparrow, not very common.

Field Sparrow, very common.

Cardinal, very common.

Blue Grosbeak, fairly common.

Indigo Bunting, common.

Painted Bunting, very few.

Dickcissel, very common.

Summer Tanager, quite common.

Purple Martin, very common in
towns.

Barn Swallow, a few nesting here,
a numerous migrant.

Loggerheaded Shrike, a fairly com-
mon resident.

Red-eyed Vireo, very common nest-
ing bird in woods along river.

White-eyed Vireo, very common in
woods.

quite

Bell’s Vireo, very common.

Prothonotary Warbler, common
near water.
Swainson’s Warbler, a few found

nesting in suitable places in woods.

Parula Warbler, not
along river.

uncommon

204 THE OOLOGIST

Cerulean Warbler, very common.

Kentucky Warbler, fairly common
in woods.

Maryland Yellow-throat, very com-
mon.

Yellow-breasted Chat,
mon.

American Redstart, very common.

Mockingbird, a few in towns and
Citys

Catbird, a few in brushy woods.

Brown Thrasher, fairly common.

Carolina Wren, very common.

Bewick’s Wren, a few.

White-breasted Nuthatch, very com-
mon in woods.

Tufted Titmouse, very common.

Carolina Chickadee, very common.

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, commonest
woods nesting bird.

Wood Thrush, common some years.

American Robin, a few nesting in
towns.

Bluebird, common.

Albert J. Kirn
pe a ae a a
Some Western Birds—Cactus Wren.

One of the most interesting exhibits
at the Museum of History, Science and
Art of Los Angeles County is a life
group of the Cactus Wren (Heleodytes
brunneicapillus couesi). Attractivelyv
arranged in a glass case, the group is
intended to represent a section of the
desert which the bird inhabits. ‘‘Grow-
ing” from the sand is a large cholla
cactus bearing a typical nest of the
Cactus Wren, while on its thorny
branches are perched a well-mounted
pair of the birds.

Eastern visitors whose acquaintance
with the Wren family is confined to
the small members of the genus Trog-
lodytes are struck at once by the large
size of Heleodytes. From eight to
nearly nine inches in length, the bird
has more the appearance of a thrasher
than of a wren, and is indeed the con-
necting link between the two. The

very com-

under parts with the exception of the
brown belly are white with heavy
black spots; the upper parts are brown
with black and white streaking down
the back; the middle tail feathers are
brown, the rest black except that the
outer ones are barred with white. The
head is brown with a white supercil-
iary stripe over the eye.

The range is confined to the deserts
of southern California, Nevada, Utah,
Arizona, New Mexico and Texas south
to the northern parts 6f Mexico and
Lower California. Farther south is
found the Bryants Cactus Wren
(Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti).
The birds are usually resident wher-
ever found except that in the northern-
parts of their range they are more or
less migratory. In Los Angeles Coun-
ty they are found in decidedly smaller
numbers throughout the winter than
in the summer.

The breeding season here is from
early April to late June; in southern
Arizona they raise two and three
broods a season and I have found
eggs there late in August.

The nesting-site is usually located
in cactus, yucca or mesquite; some-
times in trees such as elder-berry and
live oak. The average height from
the ground is about four feet. The
nests are high types of bird-architec-
ture usually placed horizontally with
the entrance but slightly elevated,
measuring from twelve to eighteen
inches in length and seven to nine
inches thick at the greatest diameter.
The materials used are sticks, coarse
dry grass, weeds, etc. The reddish
tendrils of the plant known as fire-
weed are used extensively whenever
obtainable. Cosily lined with feathers,
the nests afford ample shelter from
sun, rain and wind. <A number of
dummy nests are built in the neighbor-
hood of the real one; these are kept in
repair during the winter and serve as

THE OOLOGIST 205

a protection against inclement
weather. The dummies are also oc-
cupied sometimes by rats, mice, are
various small reptiles. I have very
frequently been startled by reaching
into a nest with the expectation of
taking a set of eggs, and instead pull-
ing out a ten inch lizard.

A full set of eggs is from four: to
seven, most commonly ffive. The
ground color is creamy white, which
is usually hidden by the heavy spots
of reddish brown or salmon. The
average measurements in inches are
95-205.

One nest of the Cactus Wren found
by myself this year was the most
unique in several respects of any of
the hundreds that I have examined.
It was situated nearly fifteen feet from
the ground at the end of a live oak
bough. It was composed of thick sage
stems and fresh green grasses, and
was placed in a vertical position with
the entrance directly at the top, be-
ing very shallow and open as com-
pared with the usual type. From the
ground below it had all the ear-marks
of a Shrike’s nest. On reaching in I
pulled out a small egg measuring but
.50 x .35 inches, and then four very
beautiful but normally sized eggs.
This is the first and only set with a
runt egg of this species that I have
ever found, and it is one of the most
treasured in my collection.

The smaller relatives of Heleodytes
far outshine him in vocal ability. His
only note seems to be a low hoarse
“chuck-chuck-chuck,” seldom uttered.

Grubs, worms and small insects
make up the Cactus Wren’s diet, with
such few vegetable substances as may
be found in the dry regions where he
makes his home.

Los Angeles, Cal. D. I. Shepardson.
5S ee

A Soldier Ornithololgist
In answer to your letter of the 19th,

will say that I will be glad to give the
Oologist all the notes that I can from
this location, but my notes from this
part of the state only go back to about
May 10, 1916, when the militia was
called out, our state is largest in the
Union and one can be well acquainted
with the birds from one portion of the
state and unacquainted with them from
another part.

Arriving in Hot Wells, Tex., which
was our first place of duty after leav-
ing San Antonia, Texas we hit a coun-
try that was of cactus, sage and sand,
and no trees, the birds that I found to
be the mmost common were the White
necked Raven, Scaled, Partridge
Texas Night Hawk, Curved-billed
Thrasher, Desert Spr, Oven Bird, Road
Runners, Hooded Oriole, and Cow
Bird, the Oven Bird proved to be the
most common, its nest and eggs could
be found in nearly every Soto cactus
on the desert. I have found from 3 to
§ nests of this bird in one cactus, the
Road Runner was also quite common
and several nests were observed in
the vicinity of our camps, the Raven
was quite plentiful and several nests
of this bird was found before I was
aware of the fact that they were Ra-
vens and not Crows, after finding out
my mistake I went for a hunt and sue-
ceeded in collecting two sets but not
having any way to prepare them I
packed them up in oat meal and they
went through all right.

On or about June 28th we were sent
to Bouquillas, Texas, some 250 miles

from Hot Wells, about 110 miles
from a railroad, and right on the
banks of the “Silvery Rio Grande”

and here the birds changed again, the
banks of the river are lined with rocky
cliffs and cannon sand, here I found
Cliff Swallows, Hawks, Owls and 2
pairs of nesting, but
unluckily for me the Eagles picked
the Mexican side to nest in and aman

Eagles

206 THE OOLOGIST +

is taking chances enough when he
walks the American side of the Rio
Grande with a uniform on so I de-
cided I had al! the little old common
Kagle eggs I wanted (although my
friends know that I haven’t a single
set).

Bouquillas boasts of the only two
cotton wood trees for hundreds of
miles, with a spring right at the bot-
tom of them which is a watering hole
and shade for the birds for miles
around, I found a nest of the Vermil-
lion Flycatcher, Texas Cardinal, de-
serted hawk’s nest and several other
nests that I didn’t examine in the
cotton woods. The Verdin was a new
friend of mine on arriving in Bouquil-
las and a good many of its nests were
observed but no eggs, the Texas Night
Hawk were quite thick but were not
found to be nesting.

On July 17th we left Bouquillas for
Terlingua, Tex., which is up the river
about 65 or 75 miles air line over the
mountain but our motor trucks had to
go some 200 miles to get there, and on
the trip I observed a good many birds
that I was not acquainted with, on ar-
riving there we saw a town of adobe
huts and rocks, tin cans, sticks, cactus
or just anything that was close to
them when they were building their
home. The town is about 14 miles from
the river and right in there the desert
and mountains, there were not many
smaller birds but quits a few larger
ones. The Chisos mountains are about
15 miles from there and I could see
most any evening one or two pairs of
Eagle coming or going to them and
was told by one of the civilian scoutes
that they nested there, and could
show me their nest the first chance
I got to make a patrol over that way,
but I never got the chance for here I
am at La Jitas again on the banks of
the Rio Grande, but several hundred
miles from the last place I struck it,

here is found about the same birds ex-
cept there are a few more of the Ver-
din and Mexican Ground Doves.

if this note finds a place in your
Magazine I will try again for some
more notes as I think we will move
again pretty soon.

G. E. Maxan.

lst Sergeant Co. A 4th Texas

Infantry, La Jitas, Texas.

Inca Dove—Scardafella inca,
A.O.U. No. 321

This dove which is one of our small-
est and most interesting species,
seems to have now made Waco and
its vicinity part of its range. Hach
year they have become more and more
numerous until now they are a com-
mon sight. One meets with two or
three on most every hike to the coun-
try. I also have noticed that they are
as numerous in the outskirts of town
as they are in the country. I really
have observed more inside of the city
limits of Waco, than any where else.
I often watch them feed in my garden
and I am some six or seven blocks
from the limits, in a thickly settled
part of the city.

If you will refer to your records you
will note that this Dove has not al-
ways been a resident of this part of
the state. The following paragraph
was taken from John K. Streckers
“Birds of Texas,” published in 1912.

As you may see it gives the former
range limit and its initial appearance
in this county.

Inca Dove. Scardafella inca.
Southern portion of the _ state.
Some years ago Attwater record-
ed a single specimen from San
Antonio, but in late years this
Dove is a regular visitor there.
In the winter of 1904 large num-
bers of these birds made their ap-
pearance at Waco, remaining un-
til the following April. In Novem-

THE OOLOGIST 207

ber, 1905, they again appeared

but in smaller numbers, this time

remaining until the latter part of

May, and as I am informed by re-

liable parties, nesting in North

Waco. They are said to breed

near San Antonio at the present

time. Schutze (The Condor VI

172) records the Inca Dove as

now common in Travis and Comal

Counties and in the vicinity of

Bryan, breeding.

I first noticed the Inca Dove in the
vicinity of Waco in the summer of
1914, and ot has continued to remain
here in increasing numbers each year,
being visible both summer and win-
ter. This summer and spring (1916)
I have observed this bird quite often
in pairs, but never had the good for-
tune to run across a nest.

I observed the Inca Dove in Comal
County in 1914, in large numbers,
mostly feeding in droves and it only
stands to reason that they were nest-
ing there as my trip was in May and
June. However I did not have the
pleasure of seeing a nest. This may
have been due to the fact that I was
only making notes on birds, spending
most of my time collecting mussell
shells and reptiles, therefore did not
spend much time looking for one.

Leverette Fitzpatrick.
Waco, Texas.

Ralph Massengale of Fort Worth,
Texas, reports an unusual incident in
the killing of an Osprey by throwing
a rock at it.

pee, Uae EAL
Notes on the Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.

During the spring migration of 1916
I observed the Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher
on several occasions in low bushes
and in the under-growth of big timber.
As it is seldom found in such places,
a few notes on this bird of the tree-
tops might be of interest.

The first bird of this species noted

this spring was seen on April 2nd and
was about six feet from the ground in
a bush at the edge of a road. The
next time I observed this bird was on
the afternoon of April 16th, when at
least twenty and perhaps more were
seen, all of which were singing freely.
Although more were seen very near
the ground several were noted about
ten feet up.

On April 28rd the most noticeable
bird observed on a two mile hike was
the Blue-Gray Gnathatcher. While
some were seen high up in the trees
they were numerous fairly low down,
or at about ten to fifteen feet from the
ground. It was on this occasion that
they were so noticeable in the under-
growth.

A fine male bird was seen among
the branches of a small cedar bush
not more than five feet tall. Several
were seen very near the ground in
buck brush bushes which seldom grow
more than three feet high.

After the 30th of April the Gnat-
catcher was found singly or in pairs
and seldom seen except in the tree
tops.

Ben J. Blincoe.
Bardstown, Ky.

>< —
Please
During 1917 whenever you write to
The Oologist on business, try and en-
close a short bird note, no matter how
short if only a line or two referring
to some interesting thing you have
noticed in Birdom, it will help make
a better Oologist.
op
The Turkey Buzzard
The grand old Turkey Buzzards are
quite numerous in Chester County,
Pennsylvania, and though they are not
protected by law, nobody even shoots
them. If the winter is not too cold,
they stay with us the entire year.
Their getting ready to roost at night

208 THE OOLOGIST

is quite an interesting sight. Possibly
twenty to fifty birds will gather
around a single tall tree, in the woods
or in the open pasture and will go
around and around it in gradually
narrowing circles until at last one
after another drops to nest. Then
they draw the long bare head down be-
tween the shoulders until it is entire-
ly covered by feathers and out of
sight. There they stay hunched up
until morning. They will come back
to the same tree night after night.
When going away on a winter morn-
ing, the ice which has collected on
their broad backs in a sheet will fall
noisily to the ground. About the time
when the first rays of the morning sun
appears, one bird after another takes
flight. It starts out in a circle and
with only an occasional flap of the
wings they mount higher and higher,
followed at intervals by its com-
panions. The whole lot of them may
be in circles not over two hundred
feet in diameter. When the first one
gets up a mile or even more, it will
start off on its days flight to be fol-
lowed by the others as they reach the
same altitude.

Egg laying time comes about the
first of May around here. No nest is
built, but a hole is scooped out under
an overhanging rock or possibly in a
hollow tree that has fallen. The birds
will go back to the same spot time
after time when they are ready to
nest. Very many of them do not lay
every year and the older ones some-
times leaves several years go by with-
out a nest. The two eggs are spotted
and the markings of different pairs of
eges are very distinct, so that the
different pairs of birds can be readily
identified by these marks.

Last Spring I wanted the eggs that
were unusually heavily marked from
a certain pair of birds. A friend went
over to the hole and found but a single

egg. He waited but three or four days
but as no second egg appeared he
gathered the one egg and sent it to
me. About a month later I went over
and visited the quarry and found
another single egg there. It was un-
questionably from the same bird for
I never saw such heavy marking, but
it was much larger than the first egg.
The two measured as follows: 3x2
inches and 25¢x2 inches. The second
egg had not been incubated. Probably
the great difference in size is account-
ed for by the bird abandoning the
nesting place when it was first dis-
turbed and not paying again until she
was compelled to do so. Then she
deserted the nest.

Not very far from town stands a
hollow maple tree and in it is a cavity
twenty feet above the ground that has
for years at intervals harbored a pair
of these birds and quits a number of
young have been raised there. If the
eggs are taken the birds do not lay a
second set that year though they do
not desert the place.

The young when hatched are pure
white. Incubation of eggs seems to
be four weeks. When six weeks old,
the pure black pin feathers begin to
appear among the white down cover-
ing the young birds. The nest is a
dirty ill-smelling place, and if the
young birds are disturbed, they will
vomit the carrian flesh with which
their craws are filled. This vomiting
is probably the result of fright. I never
knew a case of the old bird vomiting
when disturbed. They go off quietly
from the nesting place watching the
intruder from a distance.

I never heard an old bird make any
vocal noise except occasionally as a
bunch ofthem get to quarreling
around a careass, when they will at
times make a hoarse grunting sound
while picking savagely at each other.
The young birds when disturbed be-

THE OOLOGIST 209

fore they have learned to fly will run
at an intruder and endeavor to strike
him with the beak. They will drive a
dog away in a hurry if he should get
to be too familiar. They do not usual-
ly learn to fly until early in Septem-
ber. ;

R. P. Sharples.

West Chester, Pa.
_ ees nF
Medina, N. Y., Nov. 25th, 1916.
Some Orleans County, N. Y., Notes.

During the spring of 1915, in com-
pany with Mr. Roy Hill, a collector
of earlier days, the Writer paid a vis-
it to the old Heronry, in the Tonawan-
da Swamp, near West Barre. Leav-
ing the road, on foot we had very lit-
tle difficulty in making our way along
the banks of the ditch, which drained
the swamp and several Gt. Blue’s
were noted flying to and from the
rookery and soon we were among the
nesting trees. The greater number
of nests were above thirty feet up and
four nests was as many as I counted
in any one tree. The trees containing
nests were all old and mostly rotten
and dangerous climbing. I examined
two nests, they contained three eggs
each, both sets fresh and warm; !
also heard young birds from _ the
ground in other trees. Mr. Hill said
there was about seventy pair in the
rookery which would give it an in-
crease of twenty pair since
1908, according to Mr. Eaton’s notes
(in Birds of New York) which
said it contained about fifty pair then.
Formerly, before the Farming Co. cut
in the ditch the water was waist deep
at this season but now is as dry as
tinder.

Later on I saw a Tree Swallow
leave a hole in a dead stub on bank
of ditch. On close examination, I
found cavity was fresh cut by Wood-
peckers and was surprised to find a
set of eight fresh eggs, the yolks

plainly showing through, on a nest of
chips and a few grass stems and feath-
ers. I think this set of eight was a
little out of the ordinary.

In the marshes further south |
flushed a Least Bittern from rushes
and found set of four fresh eggs on
neat platform about one foot above
water.

Sora and Virginia Rails formerly
nested here in large colonies, but the
only results from a close search was
an abandoned nest of Sora Rail with
three punctured shells probably the
work of Purple Grackles.

On the higher knolls we found four
completed nests of No. Yellowthroat
and one of Mourning Warbler but was
a little early for eggs. La. Water-
thrushes and one pair or Crested Fly-
catchers were seen, also Red Wings
and Swamp Sparrows, which were
quite common.

I have been told boys here collect-
ed Rails eggs by the bucket full and
one lad found eight sets of Am. Bit-
tern in one patch of swale.

There is certainly a lot of bird life
destroyed by Grackles in these parts
and I thing they ought to be thinned
out a few.—It’s too bad.

I have added a set of Wilson’s
Snipe, four eggs and patch of nest
to my collection. Set was collected
near West Barre, N. Y.

Harold Meyers.
Medina, N. Y.

Bat Doe caren Sos ee

What Has Become of the Purple

Finch?

This hardy, social and beautiful bird
has always been a favorite of mine
and in this section at least is becom-
ing quite rare. I have only seen one
spring male during the past ten years.
At my boyhood home in Deep River,
Conn., during the early 70’s they were
abundant. In lower end of our gar-
den grew a large crab-apple tree and

2 THE OOLOGIST

in spring this tree was a bower of
beaut with luxuriant bloom.

It «s the resort of numbers of this
bird und the contrast of their beauti-
ful rosy pink dress with the snow
white flowers furnished a sight well
worth seeing. Our garden was infest-
ed with “chick-weed” of which the
Purple Finch seemed _ especially
fond and I once caught five of them
alive at one haul by setting an ash
sifter supported by a clothes pin over
a bunch of it with string leading to
the house and pulilng out the pin at
the proper time. In our front door
yard grew two large ornamental fir
trees over forty feet tall and almost
in the very top of each a Purple Finch
nested for a number of years in suc-
cession and the only set of eggs of
the species I have ever taken in forty
years of collecting was here, and I
have it yet. To my mind the Purple
Finch is one of the very finest song-
sters of our N. E. birds and their de-
creasing numbers seems. especially
deplorable. Who sees them now and
where?

EL W... Flint.
New Haven, Conn.
ee aad Oe ee
Small Holes.

A few years ago I was working in
Cleveland, Ohio and while there I did
some collecting. While blowing some
eggs one evening one of the boarders
in the house picked up one of my drills
and said, ‘““Why we make these in our
shop.” He was an employee of the
Cleveland Dental Manufacturing Com-
pany. I asked him to show me the
different shapes of drills they made
and he had some small cone shaped
drills which I liked so I bought some
to try them. I have used them for a
number of years and find that they
will cut the linings of eggs much
cleaner than it can be done with the
old bud shapes. This makes it pos-

sible to blow an egg with a smaller
hole in the same time. Now I know
that cone pointed drills were used
years before the bud _ points for
drilling eggs, but they were all heavy
long handled drills and of a size too
large to use in this way on small
eggs.

The point which I wish to make is
that these drills can be obtained in
much smaller sizes than I have seen
listed by dealers in oological supplies.
The smallest of these drills measures
a little more than 1-64 of an inch in
diameter. The third size is 1-32 of an
inch. I was unable to obtain the two
smallest sizes in the cone points but
he assured me that they were made in
those sizes. The sizes are by num-
bers. The largest I have measures
7-64 of an ich; the smallest cone is
22 1-2; 1-82 of an inch and two sizes
smaller to 1-64. I have not the number
of this size.

Frank R. Flower.

Accompanying the above communi-
cation the writer sends to us two sets
of eggs, one set of 5 Meadowlark and
one set of 7 White-bellied Nuthatch,
the drills described
above, and we can truly say in our

prepared with

forty years experience in birds egg
matters, we have never seen as beauti-
fully prepared specimens no matter
where they came from or who did the
work. The preparation is absolutely

perfect.

Heretofore we had given such men
as O. W. Howard, Virgil W. Owen, E.
J. Court, Edward S. Coombs, Fred M.
Dille, F. C. Willard and A. O. Treganza
the credit of having reached the high-
est possible stage of perfection in the
preparation of specimens of this char-
acter, but they have all got to take off
their hats to Mr. Flower.

THE OOLOGIST V

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VI THE OOLOGIST

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lustrations used from time to time in
The Oologist. They show some fine
work.”
W. F. Nicholson.

Sept. 11, 1916.
“For eight months I have been a
reader of the Oologist and certainly
enjoy it.”
Ben J. Blincoe.

Oct. 20, 1916.
“Permit me to extend congratulations
on the excellent standard attained by
the October Oologist. You are mak-
ing a real magazine of it and if you
keep the pace, especially as to illus-
trations, there should be no question
as to its securing adequate support.”

B. S. Bowdish.
Demarest, N. J.

Nov. 27, 1916.
“We cannot be without this little
magazine.’.’
Pahrman Brothers,
La Porte, Ind.

Jan. 20, 1916.
“T sent you an extra subscription
last year also and hope many more
friends of the Oologist will help by
doing likewise. Each number of the
Oologist when it arrives, I read from
beginning to end, ads and all, before
I do anything else. I like the stories,
notes, etc. coming as I judge from
unpaid writers better than I would
from the professional paid space fil-

lers.”’
Roscoe I. Giles.

THE OOLOGIST VI

BOOKS—Continued

FOR SALE. -Bird-Lore Vols. I to XIII
No. 3, 3 inclusive complete with indexes in
original covers $35.00. THOS. L. McCON-

L, 1813 Huey St., McKeesport, Pa. (1-p)

WANTED.—Two copies of March 1916 Wil-
son Bulletin. Will pay fifty cents each if in
good condition A. F. GANIER, 1221 17th
Ave. South, Nashville, Tenn. (1-p)

+ FOR SALE.—'Some Bird Friends” by H.
F. Pullen, illustrated, giving personal ob-
servations of few western birds. KREE
LANCE PUBLISHING CO., 2056 Oak Bay
Ave., Victoria, B. C. (2-p)

WANTED.—Sport in Crimes and Caucasus,
Savage Svanetia, both by C. Phillips, Wooley.
Address with price. WM.J.HA KMEIER
645 Golden Gate Ave., San SunGices Calle

Frank L. Burns’ Bibliography of scarce or
out of print North American Amateur and
Trade Publications in existence. Price 25c.
R. M. BARNES, Lacon, II].

Who has.any odd numbers of the 1913-1914
OOLOGIST to exchange? I have some odd
numbers of the OOLOGIST and CONDOR.
»), I. SHEPARDSON, 209 E. 37th St., Los
Angeles, Cal.

WANTED.—‘The Auk,” Vols. I and VI
(inclusive) odd volumes or odd numbers.
W. LEE CHAMBERS, Eagle Rock, Los
Angeles County, California.

WANTED.—BulJletin of the Cooper Orni-
thologic Club, Vol. I,odd numbers W. LEE
CHAMBERS. Eagle Rock, Los Angeles
County, Calif.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Back volumes of the
Auk in original cover; also American and
foreign bird skins for A. 1, skins of Western
and foreign birds. HENRY K. COALE,
Highiand Park, Ill.

TO EXCHANGE.—I have 1000 duplicates of
Scientific periodicals [mostly Ornithologicall
to offer for Ornithological publications, bird
skins, eggs or cash. FRANK L. BURNS,
Berwyn. : (2-p]

WANTED.—A copy of Loomis’ “California
Water Birds, No. IV,” for whica I will pay
any reasonable price. W. KE, CLYDE TOOD,
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WANTED. Correspondence with collect-
ors of butterflies. DR. T. W. RICHARDS
U.S. Navy. care of Navy Department, Wan:
rake", IDE (On (1-p)

Bird Magazines and Stamps.—Send in your
name and address and I will offer cheap
reading for winter evenings. Will send
stamps on approval to collectors. LAUREN
TREMPER, 136 N. Dewey St., Philadelphia,
Penn. (2-p)

WANTED.—Copies of J. Warren Jacob’s
booklets on Colonization of Purple Martin,
Gleanings No. 2, Gleanings No.5 and supple-
ments thereto. Quote on any you have. F.
a fee EL. 326 Union Ave., Elizabeth,

W ANTED.—Back numbers of Condor, Bird
Lore and others. Exchangei m other numbers
a reasonable cash price. E. A. DOOLITTLE,
Box 444, Painesville, O.

=

WANTED.—32 Cal. Auxiliary for 20 bore
phon cul. J. A. MUNRO, Okanagan Land-
ing, B. C.

WANTED.—Pair Muskox horns in the
rough, unmounted, state size, condition,
price, etc. ALBERTI J. KIRN, Copan, Okla.

HUNTERS’ NOTICE.—Birds and animals
mounted, skins tanned, rugs made. Send
for price list. RAMON GRAHAM, Taxider-
mist and Tanner, 401 W. Leuda St., Ft.
Worth, Texas.

FOR EXCHANGE.—Live Promethea and
Polyphemus cocoons for Cocoons or other
natural history specimens of other localities,

or for desirable postage stamps. KENT
SCIENTIFIC MUSEUM, Grand Rapids,
Mich. (p-1)

FOR SALE.—Nidologist full file bound in
two books. Museum full file, Osprey. Vols.
{ todinc., Auk Vols. 1 to 5 inc., N. S. Vol. 1,
Nos. 1 to 6 inc., Auk Vols. 13 to 23, Nos. 1 a 6
inc. Birds and Nature V ols. 2 to 16 inc. and
back Vols. and odd Nos. of Bird-Lore, Con-
dor, American Ornithology and many others.
E. KE. JOHNSON, R. R.1, Hebron, Maine.

ow AliZA IW, PACKSONS Re No Cam-
bridge, Maryland, desires to correspond
with collectore of butterflies and moths who
would like to make exchanges during 1917.
Could use first-class eggs in sets.

WANTED.—Osprey Vol. 1 (new series)
Nos. 2-3 4-7; Oologist Vols. 26 and 28. Also
certain numbers of Bird Lore, Nidologist,
etc. I have for exchange Nutall’s Birds of
U. S. (New); Geol. Survey of Ohio, Vol. IV
(containing Wheaton’s Birds of Ohio).
About 20 different numbers Birds and Nature
and other magazines. ROBERT W. GLENN,
509 Orchard Ave., Avalon, Penn.

MISCELLANEOUS.

WARD 8. COOMBS, Boston, Mass.

WANTED.—I wish to purchase a second
hand 22 caliber oe wa suitable for
shot cartridges. R, P RPLES, West
Chester, Pa.

FOR SALE.—The Osprey Vol.1to Vol. 5
complete in original covers or will exchange
for eggs in sets and other Bird Magazines.
C. M. CASE. 16 Burton St., Hartford, Conn.

Butterflies and Moths of this locality for
Others not in my collection, or for eggs in
sets or foreign postage stamps. JOHN
GRAVES, 1057 62nd St., Oakland, Calif. (1-p)

WANTED to correspond with persons
wishing to exchange photographs of birds or
nests and eggs. I have pictures of 4x5and
post card sizes. WALTER A. GOELITZ, 509
Chalmers St., Champaign, III. (1-p)

TO EXCHANGE.—I am “long” on arrow
heads from Ohio, Ind., and Georgia, also on
broken pottery from mounds in central Iowa.
Fragments from one inch to four inches
square. Would like to exchange with col-
lectors. Send me what you have to spare,
and tell me what you want, and I will send
you equally as good, or I will send to you
and you do the trading. Would like arrow
points from other states. F. S. SMITH,
Nevada, Iowa.

Vill THE OOLOGIST

BEAD THE CONDOR
A Magazine of Western

° Ornithol
‘‘Blue-Bird’’ paisa

Published Bi-monthly by the

Pubilshed in co-operation with Cooper Ornithological Club of California
the Cleveland’ Bird-Lovers’
Association, and devoted to Edited by J. Grinnell and Harry S. Swarth
““The eeu fi strictly scientific
- but edited in such a way that a be-
Bird Study and ginner of ‘‘Bird Study”’ can easily un-
e derstand it.
Conservation Pee |
The articles in Meanie & are
written by the leading Ornithologists
$1.00 a Year 10 Cents a Copy of the United States and are illustrated
AGENTS WANTED by the highest quality of half tones.

Our subscription rates are $1.80 per year in
the United States and $1.75 in a Foreign coun-
Address try. Sample Copy 30Qc.

EDITOR BLUE-BIRD, Dept. R. Address

1010 Euclid Ave. W. LEE CHAMBERS, Bus. Manager,
CLEVELAND, OHIO Eagle Rock, Los Angeles, Cal.

Karl W. Kahmann_ Taxidermy of Merit

O 9
Chicago s Foremost Real, life-like execution, scientific

Taxidermist preservation and moth-proofing,

artistic finish and prompt service.

Fish, Birds, Animals,

Large Game Heads,

Fur Rugs and Tanning

Specialist on scientific skins, mounting from skins and entire museum
and educational groups and specimens. An unusually complete stock
of ornithological and oological material on hand at all times.

2513-2515 Lincoln Avenue., Chicago, Ill. J

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