DEDICATED TO
TO WHOSE PERSEVERANCE AND ZEALOUS WORK FOR THIRTY YEARS- IS DUE THE REVIVAL AND FINAL SUCCESS
OF THE
ic ClSamrs
HON. WILLIAM H. TAFT, Honorary President Olympic Games, 1912.
SPALDING "RED COVER" SERIES OF ATHLETIC HANDBOOKS
No, i;R
THE OLYMPIC GAMES
STOCKHOLM
1912
EDITED BY
JAMES E. SULLIVAN
American Olympic Commissioner to the Olympic Games of 1912
PUBLISHED BY
AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING
COMPANY 21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK
COPYRIGHT, 1912
BY
AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK
HIS MAJESTY KING GUSTAVE V., OF SWEDEN,
257871
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS CROWN PRINCE GUSTAVE, OF SWEDEN, President of the Swedish Olympic Committee.
CONTENTS
Introduction 9
The Olympic Idea — Its Origin, Foundation and Progress 15
The Work of the International Olympic Committee 25
Organization of the American Committee 29
The Steamship Finland Trip 37
The Stadium '. . . . , 53
The Fifth Olympiad 55
Members of the American Team 91
Receptions in Sweden 99
Olympic Records 109
Score of First Seven Men in Pentathlon 137
Score of First Six Men in Decathlon 139
Marathon Race 141
Olympic Records for Events Not on Stockholm Programme 143
Olympic Swimming 149
Swimming Records 155
Winners of Olympic Competitions Other Than Track and Field 179
Rifle Shooting Competitions 187
Pistol and Revolver Competitions 195
Base Ball at Stockholm, 1912 199
Soccer Foot Ball Competition 201
How the Points Were Scored 211
The Prizes 218
Points Scored by the Different Nations in the Purely Athletic Events 220
Points Scored at the Conclusion of the Entire Olympic Programme 220
Winners in Olympic Games, Stockholm, 1912 221
Winners in Olympic Games Since 1896 222, 223
Number of Competitors from the Different Countries who Entered for the
Olympic Games at Stockholm, 191:2 224
Robert Means Thompson 225
New York Reception to Returning American Olympic Team 227
The International Olympic Committee 235
How the Team Trained on the Finland 237
Organization of Sports in Sweden 240
Now for Berlin in 1916... 245
BARON PIERRE DsCOUBERTIN, President International Olympic Committee.
SPALDING'3 ATHLETIC LIBRARY,
INTRODUCTION
The Fifth Olympiad, held under the auspices of the Swedish Olympic Committee at Stockholm, will unquestionably go down in history as the greatest of all international- contests, as well as the premier gathering of the world's most expert athletes. Twenty-seven countries sent teams of more or less size and merit for thirty-one events on the track and field programme, and a majority tried for such odd contests as the aquatics, gymnastics, wrestling, rowing, fencing, shooting, cycling and yachting.
Chiefly on account of the fact, that originally the Olympic Games only embraced track and field contests, that part of the programme, as at all previous Olympic struggles, proved to be the most attractive. On it was focusse.d the main strength of the teams, and the battle for supremacy, both individually and for points, produced one continuous string of the most sensa- tional performances. Record after record went tottering to oblivion and in many instances new marks saw the light, and of a quality which even the most enthusiastic followers of amateur sport had calculated to be impossible to modern prowess.
While almost every track event is worthy of a descriptive chapter in itself, there are two which stand out in bold relief, and these are the 1,500 and 800 meters, the latter being the greater, as it was the means of contributing a new world's rec- ord for the half-mile. An extra string had been put at the 880- yard mark, and though the winner hesitated slightly after hitting the finish of the 800 meters, he reached the half mile in I minute 52 1-2 seconds. There in the broad light of day, at a great occasion, among the choicest of the world's competitors, and before the world's keenest experts, all previous marks for the 800 meters and half-mile were blotted out and the new ones substituted were of a caliber simply bordering on the marvelous. The young man to perform the feat was an American and it is still more satisfactory to remember that the second and third were also Americans and that they beat the previous record.
The track and field part of the programme occupied the Sta- dium, or Stadion, as the Swedes termed it, from July 6th to I5th, the grand opening occurring on the former date. Every- thing that went to make the inaugural was propitious, the weather was glorious, and a bright, warm sun shone on the arena, making the flags of all nations ruffling in the breeze
A. G. SPALDING,
First American Director to the Olympic Games from the United States ; appointed by President McKinley to Olympic Games at Paris. 1900.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAKY. 11
resemble an enormous multi-colored bow. Long before the hour set for the ceremonies to begin the streets were thronged with persons quietly wending their way to the Stadium. Trolley cars, cabs, hacks and taxis were crowded to double their capacity, and any sort of a conveyance was at a premium.
At one o'clock, to the fanfare of heralds and the applause of the waiting multitudes, King Gustave V., accompanied by the Queen, the Crown Prince Gustave Adolphe and the royal house- hold, entered the Stadium, the arrival of their majesties being the signal for the festival to begin. As the Swedish ruler entered the royal box the band played the national anthem and in a few minutes the gates were thrown open and the teams began to enter. The general impression among the spectators was that the athletes would line up alphabetically, by nations, in front of the royal box, but that was not done. In such Case the Americans would naturally be ranged according to the letters "A" or "U," standing for America or United States, but that did not happen, for the country's official designation on the pro- gramme was "Forenta Staterna," which is Swedish for United States. England was styled "Storbritannien," France was "Fran- krike," Germany was "Tyskland," and so on with nearly all the countries entered. As each team came in it was applauded, the Americans receiving a tremendous cheer. Of the visitors the Finlanders aroused the most enthusiasm, a company of Finnish girls dressed in gray being no doubt the prime cause of the warm reception. Besides the track and field team, the Swedes were represented by a big contingent of men and women gym- nasts, and the Stadium fairly shook with cheering when they appeared, bringing up the rear.
After the groups came to a standstill the International Olympic Committee, headed by the Crown Prince, took its place before the royal box. Just then an immense choir at the far end of the Stadium sang a hymn, accompanied by several bands, after which the Rev. Oscar Clemens Aehfeldt, the royal pastor, preached a short sermon. The Rev. R. S. De Courcy Laffan, a member of the British Olympic Committee, offered a prayer in English, followed by a wish for the peace and friendship of the world. Then came the most solemn part of the ceremony, when everybody uncovered and, standing, sang the well-known Luth- eran hymn, "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God."
For a few moments there was a solemn stillness as the Crown Prince advanced to the front of the international group and addressed the King, saying :
"In every country the physical development keeps pace witlr the intellectual. Physical culture is again occupying the place; it formerly held in the life of nations. But if athletics are toj
COL. ROBERT M. THOMPSON,
President of the American Olympic Committee and the largest contributor to the Olympic Fund.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13
be of great importance, all must take Interest in them. The] more athletes the better. The aim of athletics is to develop the! physique of all nations, not of a favored few.
"It is but natural that the athletes of every country should meet like you are doing to-day and measure their strength in peaceful rivalry. This, of course, is done every year in more or less important contests, but the most important athletic struggle is the quadrennial Olympiad, which alone is of sufficient impor- tance to gather the athletes of every civilized country.
"As far as we are able to judge, the Fifth Olympic Games will be the greatest international gathering of athletes that the world has ever seen. We wish to thank the International Olym- pic Committee for the great confidence shown us Swedes when they accepted our invitation to arrange for the Fifth Olympic Games in Stockholm.
"We believe that we have done our best ; and we know that our motto always has been and ever will be : THE BEST WILL CONQUER.
"Your Majesty ! In the name of the Swedish Organization Committee I beg you to declare the Olympic Games in Stock- holm opened."
Amidst a profound silence the King advanced to the front of the royal box and in the clearest accent said :
"To-day, with justifiable pride and joy, we Swedes see ath- letes from all parts of the world around us. It is a great honor for Sweden that the Fifth Olympic Games should take place in Stockholm, and I wish you and all the friends and followers of sport a hearty welcome to this peaceable International .Con- test of Nations. May the same noble thoughts that found an expression in the Olympic Games of antiquity be so carried out that these competitions become conducive to the physical health and development of the wide world. With these words I now declare the Olympic Games in Stockholm to be opened."
As the King retired to his seat the trumpeters, standing on the battlements of the towers of the Stadium, clad in ancient costumes, blew several long blasts. This was in keeping with the custom of the early days of Greece when the heralds pro- claimed to the world that the Olympic Games had begun. As the last echo of the bugles died away on the distant hills the Crown Prince lifted his hat and called for three cheers, which were given with tremendous vigor. Then the athletes resumed their march, each squad saluting as it came in front of the King. No sooner had the last man disappeared outside the gate than the lanes were strung out for the 100 meters and the battle royal on the track for the supremacy of nations in athletics be- gan without further delay.
PROF. WILLIAM M. SLOANE.
American Member of the International Olympic Committee; member Board of Governors Amateur Athletic Union.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 15
THE OLYMPIC IDEA— ITS ORIGIN, FOUNDATION AND PROGRESS
BY WILLIAM MILLIGAN SLOANE,
Professor of History in Columbia University and Senior
Member of the International Olympic Committee.
(Reprinted from the Century Magazine)
Some thirty years ago, M. Pierre de Coubertin, a young Frenchman whose heartstrings had been wrung by the humilia- tion of his country in 1870, began to study outdoor life in Eng- land and America. He traveled extensively, published several books on the subject, and in his own land was the organizer of clubs for cultivating the more strenuous, inspiriting, and daring sports which had hitherto been neglected.
The motto of M. de Coubertin was uLudug_pro Patria." Its spirit took possession of all continental Europe (especially where patriotism was strongest), either because of its comparative nov- elty or because the particular country was menaced by internal or external danger. M. de Coubertin again took the lead, sum- moning to the Sorbonne representative delegates, selected chiefly from his wide personal acquaintance in different countries, for the combined purpose of deliberation and action.
The meeting, which assembled on June 23, 1894, was not imposing either in numbers or in the personal distinction of those who attended it ; but it was impressive from the place of its session, from the associations aroused by the great hall of the Sorbonne, oldest of Western universities, from the interest it awakened in the enlightened public, and, above all, from the earnestness of the delegates. And there was faith, that mighty mustard-seed. The result of the conference was the adoption of the Olympic Idea, and the formation of an International Olym- pic Committee, the object of which was, first and above all else, to define and promulgate a purpose, until then rather vague ; secondly, in the fullness of time to revive Olympic contests.
Of this committee the writer has been a member from the beginning, until now, by priority of interest and anticipation, he is almost, if not quite, the dean of its regular floor members. The president, even premier in council and prime mover in action, is Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The- committee's fore- most task — that with which it began its labors — was to arrive at
GUSTAVUS TOWN KIRB1.
President Amateur Athletic Union; Chairman Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. Advisory
Committee; Member Recreation Commission, New York City;
Member American Olympic Committee.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17
some general definition of the Olympic Idea by the study of the merits and demerits of the spirit shown at ancient Olympia in Greece; to select those concepts which were still vital and use- ful, and to adapt them to modern conditions; in short, to get an outline of policy, and try it out by experiment and practice.
For this purpose the president, a man of classical training and spirit, consulted not only men of similar caliber in his own land, but those in other countries as well, making extended journeys for the purpose. In America he was greeted enthusiastically, winning many valiant hearts to his cause. Here, as elsewhere among the select few, the Olympic Idea became almost an obses- sion; the many of course could not find time to bother with an idealist and his strange doctrines. But the little handful in each country was undismayed. There was lively corresponding, comparing, and suggesting; finally came the appointment of a small volunteer executive committee in Paris, whose modest expenses were borne in part by slender contributions from those in the International Committee, but mainly, however, by them- selves. So by fairly rapid stages the idea took form and grew.
That the nucleus of the Olympic meeting must be field and track athletics is inevitable, because these have become the com- mon possession of vigorous, enterprising youth the world over. The various events can, moreover, be standardized with greater ease; that is, the details of rules, judges, and possible styles are not difficult to arrange with equal justice to all. In regard to field and track athletics there is likely to be less particularism, less national jealousy, than in other forms of contests. From the very outset, in the first Olympic gathering at Athens, common ground for friendly emulation was easily established.
From this position it was inevitable that further discussion would ensue, and for twenty years it has gone on in the public forum of all countries, until opinion has become alert, concep- tions have been clarified, and the earnest desire for definition applicable to the widest field has become poignant. Clear, stable, and definite legislation will be possible if, as proposed, a con- gress of delegates from all the great federations of sports can meet at Paris in 1914 in order to establish the standard Olym- piad and thereby to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first meeting at the Sorbonne. Lack of space forbids the his- tory of Olympic evolution or even the recapitulation of the events which have furnished its environment. There have been thirteen plenary sessions of the International Committee, in Paris (1894, 1901, 1902) ; Athens (1896, 1906) ; Havre (1897) ; London, (1904, 1908) ; Brussels (1905) ; The Hague (1907) ; Berlin (1909) ; Luxemburg (1910) ; and Budapest (1911)- Four general congresses have been summoned by the committee, and
BARTOW S. WEEKS,
Member Executive Committee of the American Olympic Committee ; Chairman of Transportation Committee, and who for nearly a year did much of the work of the Team Selection Committee and attended to all matters pertaining to the transportation of the team.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19
held under its auspices, for the discussion of vital questions, and a fifth should be held in 1914 to create the type Olympiad. Throughout this period The Olympic Review, now in its sev- enty-fourth number, has appeared regularly; and most impor- tant of all, under the auspices of the committee, four great international contests have been held: the first at Athens, as was ieemly (1896) ; the second in Paris (1900) ; the third in St. Louis (1904) ; the fourth in London (1908). The fifth was ^held in Stockholm, in July of the present year. The committee has forty-four members, from thirty-one countries ; each of these has a National Olympic Committee, larger or smaller, and for the Stockholm games there were entries from forty nations. How far the Olympic Idea may go is not yet determined. Its definition for present uses is sufficiently fixed on the lines of its first appearance : first, to create and strengthen bonds of friendship, such as ought to exist among all civilized nations, by frequent, peaceful intercourse; secondly, to purify sport, abolish selfish and underhand methods in the struggle for ath- letic supremacy, secure fair play for all, even the weakest, and, as far as possible, make the contest and not the victory the joy of the young. Incidentally the Olympic Idea in this form is steadily and beneficently permeating the physical training of most nations to-day. That is an enormous gain ; but there is more to be hoped for. To realize these hopes, athletic, habits^ must be common to all. Thus far, whichever nationhas beefT^ our host for the four-year period has naturally exercised a high measure of control in preparing the programme, fixing the rules, and selecting the judges. The system has worked fairly well, and it would be rather Utopian to suppose that a people taxing itself to the extent of half a million dollars for building a stadium, creating an administration, entertaining its guests, and for all incidentals besides, should forego any advantage for its own contestants by the complete surrender of itself and its ath- letic ways into the hands of such an international body as has been described. Yet such a surrender to a competent athletic senate would be a superb tribute on the altar of international friendship, and there is a way to secure it, a method already suggested earlier in this article, a plan still inchoate, but in process of careful study; namely, the summoning of a repre- sentative, federal, athletic congress of all nations, composed of delegates formally elected by the different national federations of sports, and granted full power to legislate.
It would be the duty of this congress, probably meeting at long intervals, first, to fix a type programme; secondly, to promulgate rules; and thirdly, to create a body of impartial, international judges and juries, possibly even a final court of
JULIAN W. CUBTISS, Treasurer American Finance Committee, Olympic Games, 1912.
SPALDINQ'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21
appeal for the adjustment of unforeseen difficulties — a body which would be continuous and easily summoned at short notice. It is almost certain that such a congress will meet in Paris dur- ing 1914. All depends on how widely it is <tajkcd. Its success would mean the fixing of the Olympic Idea anBts perpetuation. All nations proposing to hold the Olympic Games would thus be cognizant of the conditions beforehand, and' graceful acquies- cence in them would be as far-reaching an influence as that of The Hague Tribunal, and an example of priceless value to the rising generations.
Another extension of the Olympic Idea is already in progress ; that is the inclusion of other sports in the period of the Olym-; piad. The Stockholm programme included tennis, horsemanship, yachting, cycling, shooting, swimming, gymnastics, and a modern pentathlon, to test the ability of those who do several things well, and are not expert in one to the exclusion of every- thing else.
In ancient Greece there was only one Olympia to which at first all the little nationalities, and eventually the greater ones, repaired without question, and during the contests there was a general truce in order that all might be safe in their going and coming. The modern Olympiads so far have been favored by peace, but should there be war between the nations, the idea of rotating in meeting-places would have of necessity to be aban- doned, at least temporarily. What then? The struggle for bal- ance of power between the free and the slave State systems of America, between the Northern and Southern countries of Europe, has wrought havoc in the past by setting one nation against another, fanning ambition into selfish rivalry and rivalry into bloodshed, conquest and expansion, the end of which has been empire. But it has had one beneficent result — the neutral- izing of the small states of Europe — states which are models to the world in showing what peace and security can enable men to accomplish for the general welfare. Of these states the most central is Switzerland, which has been called the railway turn- table of Europe. Wherever and whenever war-dogs may be unchained, it is at peace.
Sentimentally, of course, Athens would be the natural refuge for a peace movement based on international competition under the Olympic Idea. Its superb stadium, restored by the generosity of Averof, further emphasizes its fitness. The Greeks were so impressed with this conviction that after the first successful meeting they and their friends set on foot a movement to secure all future Olympic meetings for their city. Other nations, through their representatives, protested, with the very sound argument that general interest must be secured and intensified
EVERETT C. BROWN,
Chicago, 111.
Member Executive Committee
American Olympic Committee and
Chairman Western Finance Committee.
COL. GEORGE B. BILLINGS,
Boston, Mass.
Member American Olympic Committee.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23
by a long period of rotation. Then was evolved the plan of interim meetings, alternating every two years with the others. But a single trial sufficed to show plainly that there could be only one series of Olympiads, and the interim meetings were abandoned.
Athens is as remote from European centers as America, and, notwithstanding the luxuries of ocean greyhounds, ten days of travel is still a troublesome barrier. Perhaps in the future the main Olympia will be in Switzerland, with a subsidiary one in America. Of course these are only visions. Meanwhile other visions have become realities, and these realities have brought about other international contests for which the name Olympic is earnestly desired. This cannot be fairly or honestly granted, although to all such contests the International Committee is friendly. It has pledged it hearty co-operation with the Panama games at San Francisco in 1915, and has offered an Olympic medal for excellence in the modern pentathlon. But one must protest and cry aloud, appealing to the general sense of fair- ness, against calling even such an important international con- test "Olympic." That designation should be reserved primarily for the quadrennial contests of athletes, but likewise for those contests of other generous rivals in sport and the arts which occur in rotation at the great capitals of the world under the auspices not of one nation, but of all.
The record of American athletics at the six Olympiads is brilliant in two ways : first, that interested friends have been so liberal in raising funds sufficient to send on long journeys the many selected to represent the country, and, second, in the suc- cess of the contestants. Our victors have taken as many first prizes, twice over, as those of all other lands combined ; and of five Marathon races they have won two. It has been largely due to American enthusiasm and interest that other lands have come to exhibit the same qualities. Four of the original foun- ders remain at their posts beside the president and the writer: Colonel Balck of Sweden, M. Collot of France, and the famous Bohemian novelist, Dr. Jiri Guth. These, with many who are dead, and more who are still alive, have maintained the cause against many discouragements, until now it is triumphant. But the lifelong devotion of M. de Coubertin, his tact, his ingenuity, his self-sacrifice in time and money, in short, the qualities of faith and merit, have been the chief reason for the solid estab- lishment of the enterprise.
Appo Sto
J. E. SULLIVAN,
inted by President Taft American Commissioner to the Olympic Games at
tockholm, 1912 ; appointed by President Roosevelt American Commissioner
to the Olympic Games at London, 1908 ; appointed by President Roosevelt
American Commissioner to the Olympic Games at Athens, 1906:
Director and Manager Olympic Games, St. Louis. 1904;
Assistant Director Olympic Games, Paris, 1900.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25
THE WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
BY BARON PIERRE DE COUBERTIN.
At my request and in agreement with the plan I had placed before the International Congress, which was assembled at the Palais de la Sorbonne in Paris, it was determined on the twenty- third of June, 1894, to revive the Olympic Games, and resolved that they should be held every fourth year in one or other of the great capitals of the world. In order to superintend and develop the duties of the institution a permanent International Olympic Committee was appointed, with power to fill any vacan- cies that might arise in the course of time, so as thereby to be independent of organizations already existing, and their rivalry. This was in pursuance of endeavors long thought of and long prepared. I have elsewhere explained the reasons why I con- sidered such a revival of the Olympic Games, in a modern form, to be of advantage for athletics — too many injurious and unprin- cipled elements threatened to annihilate true sportsmanship; the Olympic Games were the necessary remedy.
The International Olympic Committee has not betrayed the great task with which it was entrusted. Every year has given it increased reputation and increased strength, and by its efforts there have been celebrated the five first Olympiads (Athens, 1896; Paris, 1900; St. Louis, 1904; London, 1908; Stockholm, 1912), under conditions which have often been difficult, but which have been overcome in a most brilliant manner. It has met every year in different countries, under the patronage of the rulers of those lands, and has been received in a most flat- tering way by the authorities. It has been an element of peace and union for rival associations which were very often hostile to each other.
The Committee has at present forty-five members belonging to thirty-one different countries. Five of the founders still remain at their post; besides myself these are Professor W. M. Sloane (United States of America), Colonel V. G. Balck (Swe- den), E. Callot (France), and Dr. Jiri Guth (Bohemia). Amongst those whom death has taken, General von der Asseburg (Germany) and Sir Howard Vincent (England) live in immor- tal memory. I salute them when I call to mind these names which are so dear to us.
As was said above, the International Olympic Committee is a permanent one and renews itself in such a way that there is at least one member, sometimes even three or four, for every land that is represented. The number of the countries that can
WM. F. GARCELON, THOMAS RILEY,
Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass.
Member American Olympic Member American Olympic
Committee. Committee.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27
be represented is unrestricted. The members are regarded as the delegates of the International Olympic Committee to the sporting and athletic associations in the respective countries. They are not allowed to be entrusted by these associations with any commission calculated to bind them more than as individual members of the Committee or that can influence their independ- ence in voting. They are chosen for an unlimited period.
The task of the International Olympic Committee is not only to secure the regular celebration of the Games, but also to form plans, or to organize all the measures, which may serve to increase the reputation of athletics and to lead them along the desired paths. With this purpose in mind congresses have been held at Havre (1897), Brussels (1905), Paris (1906). The Con- gress at Havre, at which the President of the French Republic was present, discussed questions concerning hygiene, morals and athletic pedagogics. The Congress at Brussels, which was held under the patronage of King Leopold II, treated the question of athletic technics. The Congress of 1906 renewed the bonds exist- ing between art, literature and sport. On this occasion the important resolution was passed that to every future programme of the Olympic Games there should be added five competitions, viz., in architecture, painting, music, sculpture and literature. These competitions are open to works that have not previously been made public and which have been directly inspired by sports. In 1911 the International Olympic Committee discussed the plan of a "Modern Olympiad" and for this purpose has arranged a competition in which the architects Messrs. Monod and Layerriere of Lausanne were the victors.
It is in Lausanne, too, that a new congress is to be held in 1913; on this occasion it will be scientific in character and will be devoted to the study of questions in the domains of physi- ology and athletic psychology. Finally, the International Olym- pic Committee has determined to celebrate the twenty years' anniversary of the revival of the Olympic Games by a congress in Paris in 1914, to which delegates from all the national Olym- pic Committees will be called for the purpose of drawing up fixed and definite rules for the celebration of the Olympiads. This grand memorial celebration will precede the holding of the sixth Olympiad, and will be a worthy completion of the immense work which the International Olympic Committee has performed since its institution in 1894.
As the author of the revival of the Olympic Games and as the president of the International Olympic Committee, it is my privilege to here express to my colleagues the deep feelings of gratitude which I entertain for their valuable, faithful and untiring assistance. It is our friendship and our unity that have given us strength.
FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF,
Director Panama Exhibition, San Francisco, 1915. Through Mr. Skiff's efforts as
Director of the World's Fair, St. Louis, 1904, the Olympic Games
of 1904 were secured for St. Louis, the only time the
event has been held in America.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC MBRARY.
29
ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN COMMITTEE
Acting on the request of the Swedish Olympic Committee to create an American Olympic Committee for the Fifth Olympiad, Prof. William M. Sloane appointed Mr. James E. Sullivan of New York, secretary of the American Olympic Committee and immediately conferred with him relative to the appointment of a committee that would arouse interest throughout the entire United States in the Fifth Olympiad. As a result of this con- ference the following were chosen :
HON. PRESIDENT, Hon. William H. Taft, Washington.
0 PRESIDENT,
• Robert M. Thompson, New York.
TREASURER, Julian W. Curtiss, New York.
SECRETARY, James E. Sullivan, New York.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
August Belmont, New York. Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. Andrew Carnegie, New York. Hon. Victor J. Dpwling, New York. J. J. A. Ehrensviird, Washington,
D. C.
.George J. Gould, New York. *S. R. Guggenheim, New York. Gustavus T. Kirby, New York. Harold F. McCormick, Chicago, 111.
A. G. Mills, New York. J. Pierpont Morgan, New York. F. J. V. Skiff, Chicago, III. J. W. Spalding, New York. Rodman Wanamaker, New York. Bartow S. Weeks, New York. Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, New York. Hon. Egerton L. Winthrop, Jr., New York.
MEMBERS AMERICAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE.
W. Rufus Abbott, Chicago, 111.
Dr. Frank Angell, Stanford Univ.,
Cal.
G. W. Axelson, Chicago, 111. Edward E. Babb, Boston, Mass. Dr. J. A. Babbitt, Haverford, Pa. Hugh H. Baxter, New York. Romeyn Berry, New York. George B. Billings, Boston, Mass. C. W. Billings, New York. George W. Braden, Los Angeles. Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. Walter Camp, New Haven, Conn. Charles H. Carter, Boston, Mass. P. J. Conway, New York. Julian W. Curtiss, New York. A. H. Curtis, New York. W. W. Damon, New York.
Paul J. Dashiel, Annapolis, Md. Charles A. Dean, Chicago, 111. L. DiBenedetto, New Orleans, La. Maj. John J. Dixon, Brooklyn, N.Y. Robert W. Dodd, San Francisco,Cal. Hon. Victor J. Dowling, New York. W. L. Dudley, Nashville, Tenn. T. Morris Dunne, Portland, Ore. Frank B. Ellis, Philadelphia, Pa. John Elliott, San Francisco, Cal. J. Frank Facey, Cambridge, Mass. Terence Farley, New York. Harry W. Fitzpatrick, New Orleans. J. B. Franklin, Los Angeles, Cal. W. F. Garcelon, Cambridge, Mass. Thornton Gerrish, New York. H. L. Geyelin, Philadelphia, Pa. A. S. Goldsmith, Seattle, Wash.
FREDERICK W. RUBIEN,
Member American Olympic Committee; Chairman Plan and Scope Committee on Welcome to Returning Olympic Athletes, at New York. Auerust 24. 1912.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARt.
31
S. R. Guggenheim, New York.
Dr. Luther H. Gulick, New York.
Dr. Walter B. Gunnison, Brooklyn.
K. K. Hall, Boston, Mass.
Lee F. Hanmer, New York.
E. T. Hart, New York.
Dr. George K. Herman, Chicago, 111.
Evans Holbrook, Ann Arbor, Mich.
H. R. Holmes, Denver, Colo.
Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, Balti- more, Md.
Charles C. Hughes, New York.
W. F. Humphries, San Francisco.
Maj. W. M. Inglis, Seattle, Wash.
Darwin R. James, Jr., Brooklyn.
W. C. Johnston, St. Louis, Mo.
R. F. Kelsey, New York.
Gustavus T. Kirby, New York.
W. A. Lambeth, Charlottesville, Va.
H. H. Latham, Chicago, 111.
Walter H. Liginger, Milwaukee, Wis.
A. J. Lill, Boston, Mass.
Hon. Joseph B. Maccabe, Boston.
J. T. Mahoney, New York.
Dr. J. H. McCurdy, Springfield. Mass.
H. W. McDavitt, New York.
Charles J. McDermott, New York.
R. Tait McKenzie, Philadelphia, Pa.
Gustave Moe, New York.
George B. Morison, Boston, Mass.
W. P. Murray, Cleveland, O.
W. Scott O'Connor, New York.
John J. O'Connor, St. Louis, Mo.
Prof. E. O'Neill, Berkeley, Cal.
W. Osterburg, New York.
Charles A. Painter, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Capt. Palmer E. Pierce, Kansas.
George F. Pawling, Philadelphia. Henry G. Penniman, Baltimore, Md. Sidney S. Peixotto, San Francisco. Prof. W. L. Phelps, New Haven. James R. Pilkington, New York. George D. Pratt, New York. W. Roper, Princeton, N. J. Edward C. Racey, Chicago, 111. William T. Reid, Jr., Belmont, Cal. Thomas F. Riley, Cambridge, Mass. Frederick W. Rubien, New York. Robert Connell Sands, New York. C. W. Savage, Oberlin, Ohio. Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, New York. George A. Schneider, Cleveland, O.
A. L. Shapleigh, St. Louis, Mo. F. J. V. Skiff, Chicago, 111.
Hon. Arthur S. Somers, Brooklyn. J. Walter Spalding, New York. Alonzo A. Stagg, Chicago, 111. Nathan P. Stauffer, Philadelphia. Lieut. J. W. Stillwell, West Point. C. B. Stuht, Spokane, Wash.
B. P .Sullivan, New Orleans, La. Col. Robert M. Thompson, N. Y. Col. N. B. Thurston, New York. F. Vonnegut, Indianapolis, Ind. P. T. Walsh, New York. Rodman Wanamaker, New York. Bartow S. Weeks, New York. Evert Jansen Wendell, New York, Carleton White, Chicago. 111.
H. L. Williams, Minneapolis, Minn. Francis M. Wilson, New York. Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, New York. M. F. Winston, Lynn, Mass. Egerton L. Winthrop, Jr., N. Y. Norman L. Wymard, Washington.
The following Executive Committee was appointed : EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Frederic B. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y.
William M. Sloane, New York. James E. Sullivan, New York. Robert M. Thompson, New York. Bartow S. Weeks, New York. Evert Jansen Wendell, New York.
Allison V. Armour, Chicago, 111. Edward E. Babb, Boston, Mass. . Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. Julian W. Curtiss, New York. Dr. Luther H. Gulick, New York. Gustavus T. Kirby, New York. Joseph B. Maccabe, Boston, Mass.
On Thursday evening, December 7, 1911, a meeting of the Executive Committee was held at the New York Athletic Club, and among the matters taken up were the appointments of a Team Selection committee and a manager and a trainer for the team. Mr. Matthew P. Halpin, of New York, was unanimously selected as manager, and Mr. Michael C. Murphy, of Philadel- phia, as trainer. The following Team Selection committee was appointed :
EDWARD E. BABB,
Boston, Mass.
Ex-President Amateur Athletic Union. Member American Olympic Committee.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33
TEAM SELECTION COMMITTEE.
Dr. Frank Angell, Leland Stanford. W. F. Humphries, San Francisco.
Colonel H. T. Allen. W. C. Johnston, St. Louis, Mo.
Allison V. Armour, Chicago, 111. Lieut. Albert S. Jones.
Edward E. Babb, Boston, Mass. R. F. Kelsey, New York.
Lieut.-General John C. Bates. Gustavus T. Kirby, New York.
Romeyn Berry, New York. Lieut.-Commander Harris Laning.
G. W. Billings, New York. Joseph B. Maccabe, Boston, Mass.
Theodore Bland, St. Louis, Mo. W. P. Murray, Cleveland, O.
Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. Prof. E. O'Neill, Berkeley, Cal.
P. J. Conway, New York. C. A. Painter, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Julian W. Curtiss, New York. George F. Pawling, Philadelphia.
L. DiBenedetto, New Orleans, La. James R. Pilkington.
A. F. Dugosh, San Antonio, Tex. Frederic B. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y.
T. Morris Dunne, Portland, Ore. E. C. Racey, Chicago, 111.
John J. Elliott, San Francisco, Cal. Thomas F. Riley, Boston, Mass.
J. B. Franklin, Los Angeles, Cal. F. W. Rubien, New York.
Thornton Gerrish, New York. Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, New York.
H. L. Geyelin, Philadelphia, Pa. William M. Sloane, New York.
A. S. Goldsmith, Seattle, Wash. A. A. Stagg, Chicago, 111.
Dr. Luther H. Gulick, New York. James E. Sullivan, Chairman, New E. K. Hall, Boston, Mass. York.
Dr. Graeme Hammond, New York. Lieut.-Colonel N. B. Thurston.
Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, Balti- Bartow S. Weeks, New York,
more, Md. Evert Jansen Wendell, New York.
Following this, frequent meetings of the Executive Committee were held, at which the question of transportation was thor- oughly discussed, and Col. Robert M. Thompson, Mr. Bart&w S. Weeks, Mr. Allison V. Armour and Mr. G. T. Kirby, President of the Amateur Athletic Union, were appointed a committee of four to report on a proposition submitted relative to the chartering of the steamship "Oceanic," and on the question of transportation. The committee reported unfavorably on the proposal to charter the "Oceanic," but suggested that the "Finland" of the Red Star Line would make an ideal boat for the purpose. After several conferences with the steamship agents the "Finland" was char- tered by the American Olympic Committee and reservations placed on sale, after a sufficient and suitable space had been set aside for the team the Committee proposed to send.
Responding to the. urging of Treasurer Julian W. Curtiss, the chairmen of the various local finance committees made great efforts to collect a sufficient amount of money to enable the Committee to meet its obligation to the Red Star Line and to carry out its plan of taking to Stockholm every athlete capable of scoring points for the United States. The Finance Committees of Bos- ton, Chicago and San Francisco were especially fortunate in receiving subscriptions, the San Francisco Examiner holding an athletic meeting, the proceeds of which were turned over to the Olympic Fund. A trip ma'de by Mr. Gustavus T. Kirby, member of the Executive Committee and President of the-Amateur Ath- letic Union, was instrumental in arousing increased interest
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. Kristian Hellstrom, General Secretary of the Swedish Olympic Committee, to -whom a great deal of the success of the Olympic Games of 1912 is due.
SPALDING*6 ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 35
throughout the West and Middle West and the effect was felt in the number of contributions.
The question of selecting a suitable date for the Eastern try- out meeting was one that greatly worried the Committee. Entries closed with the Swedish Olympic Committee on June 13, 1912. Owing to the inclement weather in the East it was impossible to hold try-outs on a date early enough to enable the American Committee to select the team and forward the entries to Stock- holm before the designated date. At the meeting of the Inter- national Olympic Committee at Budapest, however, the. matter was presented to the Swedish Olympic Committee by Prof. William M. Sloane and Mr. Allison V. Armour, the American members of the International Olympic Committee, and the Swedish Olympic Committee kindly consented to permit the American Committee to make as many entries as they desired prior to the date of closing entries, those not selected being can- celled by cable before June 13.
The Harvard Stadium was secured as the place to hold the Eastern try-outs, and June 8, the earliest available date, was set for the meeting. The Western try-outs were held on Marshall Field, Chicago, on the same day, and the Far West try-outs at Leland Stanford University on May 18.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
THE STEAMSHIP FINLAND TRIP
The departure of the S. S. Finland of the Red Star Line, char- tered by the American Olympic Committee to take the American Olympic athletes direct to Stockholm, from the port of New York, on Friday, June 14, was an innovation in the history of American athletics. It was the first instance of an ocean-going vessel being secured to take exclusively a representative team ot athletes to uphold the prestige of America. The departure of the Finland, with the greatest team ever selected to represent any one country in an athletic event, has been described elsewhere. In all 274 passengers were on board, 164 of them being mem- bers of the American Olympic competition.
Arrangements were made prior to departure looking to the diet and means of keeping the athletes in condition. As the trip was necessarily a long one, promiscuous indulgence in the great variety of food that .comprised the ship's menu would serve to possibly incapacitate some of the athletes. Consequently the dining rooms were divided, the athletes having their own cuisine, every one of course being first class. Owing to the fact that the American Committee practically owned the boat there was no second or third class and no discrimination was made what- ever.
It is doubtful if there ever was an athletic invasion to com- • pare with that made by the American Olympic team of 1912. Provisions were made by the American Committee so that the athletes could enjoy some of the advantages of a modern gym- nasium on board the Finland. A cork track, 100 yards long and wide enough for two men to run abreast, was constructed on the upper deck especially for the sprinters, which the dis- tance -men also found useful. Mr. Michael C. Murphy, the ath- letic trainer of the team, cautioned the men before the steamer reached the ocean swells, on the necessity of being very careful to avoid getting leg-sore from the bounding of the boat. The advice bore good fruit, for outside of slight soreness in the shins and muscles, nothing seriou(s whatever happened to the men on the trip. It was particularly noticeable that all the ath- letes appreciated the importance of their journey and took the best of care of themselves, thus helping the trainer secure the best possible results.
After the first day out Trainer Murphy and Manager Halpin prepared a schedule, dividing the men into groups, each with a
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39
leader, according to the events in which they were to compete, and they were told just how and when to work. The men reported on deck daily at 10 130 in the morning and at 3 :oo in the afternoon and faithfully kept the schedule. It was a sight long to be remembered. Nearly all the runners and jumpers did a little sprintinsr and practiced starts and the distance men circled the deck, which was about a tenth of a mile in circumference. Each group started off by itself with a leader, and all the men took to their work and stuck to it religiously. The Marathon men would start running with the milers and distance men and would keep it up until long after all the other athletes had re- tired. While the runners were doing their work the jumpers would get out their implements on another section of the deck and practice jumping, skip the rope and throw the medicine ball. Outside of putting the shot and passing the medicine ball around the weight men naturally found the greatest trouble in practicing their specialties, owing to the limited working room. Walking was indulged in to some extent, but it must be confessed the big fellows were not over anxious for work. They sat around and enjoyed themselves and relied on their natural ability. The discus champion, James Duncan, was one of the first to be affected by the ocean roll, and for some days suffered from mal-de-mer. When he finally began to regain his accustomed health an ingenious idea occurred to him by which he hoped to get some practice. He brought out his discus and had the ship's carpenter bore a hole in it, through which he ran a rope, the other end of which was tied to the deck rail- ing, and proceeded to heave the implement out into the ocean and haul it back by the rope. This was continued for two days, after which he was advised to stop, as it would make him slow and one-sided. He thereafter confined his efforts to throwing the medicine ball and indulging in the numerous deck games.
Deck shufifleboard, quoits, and other forms of shipboard amuse- ment formed the means of passing many hours, not occupied in training. Mr. Arthur McAleenan of the New York Athletic Club put up several prizes, which brought out many entries, and the games were closely contested. It gave the boys something to do to pass the time away and they all enjoyed it.
The swimmers were under the direct charge of Mr. Otto Wahle of the New York Athletic Club, who was appointed by the American Committee to look after them, and he performed his work well. The swimmers practiced in a canvas tank about fifteen feet in length and five in width, which was filled daily. A belt, suspended from a rope, was placed around the swimmer's waist which held him in the center of the tank and he then went through all the motions of swimming. This was not only quite a
SPALDING^S- ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 41
novelty for the travelers, but also an unusual objeet lesson, as they had the good fortune to see the world's greatest swimmers at close range and study the individual strokes of each.
On the after deck of the boat was built an imaginary tennis court. It consisted of a backstop, about ten feet in height, with a black line extending across about the 'height of a tennis net, and for hours and hours each day Mr; Theodore Roosevelt Pell would take the deck and persistently practice such strokes as were possible., -In this way he kept himself in pretty fair condi- tion.
The rifle men did their practice on the upper deck, usually early in the morning, under the watchful eye of Lieutenant A. S. Jones, Lieutenant-Colonel Libbey and Lieutenant-Colonel Foltz.
Dr. R. H. Sayre, in charge of the small arms contestants, had a revolver gallery erected at the stern. Shooting with duelling pistols, the same as was used in Stockholm, at a man target, was practiced twice a day, two hours in the morning and two in the afternoon, the distance being twenty-two yards instead of the regulation thirty. The revolver team did not practice the deliberate fire or fifty meters shooting at the bullseye target, on account of the motion of the vessel, as it was thought that the other practice would be more beneficial. The scores of the shooters showed a progressive increase day by day.
Manager W. C. Stroud of the bicycle team had his men work on the forward deck. Each member of the team was provided with a bicycle securely lashed to the structure of the vessel. Tt was a pretty sight to see these nine men at their work.
The one wrestler on the team had his branch of the sport all to himself and had a hard time getting someone to work out with him. "Bill" Hayward, a well known Western trainer, was on board. Mr. Hayward cheerfully consented to give the young- ster some work, and he succeeded admirably.
Certainly the fencing team, under the direction of Dr. Graeme H. Hammond and Prof. Dungey, put in their full amount of practice during the voyage. There were no laggards and all worked on deck morning and afternoon, in order to get as much practice as possible before they met the foreign experts. All ad- mitted that the fencers had the hardest proposition before them than any of the other groups. It was something new to have a team from America compete against the experts of the world in this branch of sport. If the deck was being used by the track athletes, the fencers would do their work in the dining saloon or other available rooms. Nothing would interfere with their daily practice.
The life aboard the Finland was very similar to that one will see daily at the training quarters of the prominent clubs or col-
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43
leges. The boys were prohibited from sitting in the smoking j. room during the day and eating between meals was also under ! the ban. One prominent newspaper correspondent aboard said he felt that it was a great opportunity to be able to be aboard a ship with such a group, and added that it was too bad that some of the large educational societies did not make arrangements to have representatives accompany the Olympic team in order to observe the gentlemanly conduct of the contestants and the methods followed to keep in good condition. It was an example worth holding up to the youth of our land. Work — it was work, day in and day out. Some of the men began to think they were being worked too much, but Trainer Murphy knew best. Undoubtedly there was never a finer lot of young gentlemen gathered together before for athletic purposes.
Ten days passed and at last the boys were able to do some outdoor track work on terra firma. As previously stated, some of them were affected by the bounding of the vessel and it was a ; great relief when they found that they could work out on land . for a couple of days. As soon as Antwerp was reached, where a stop was scheduled en route to Stockholm, Manager Halpin and his assistant, Paul Pilgrim, of the New York Athletic Club, who was one of the stars at Athens in 1906, got in touch with the athletic authorities of that city and through the kindness of Mr. Paul Havenith, President of the Beershot Athletic Club, the American team was permitted to use the grounds of that club during their stay in Antwerp.
The first day on European soil turned out to be very dis- agreeable. All the men went to the field and just as they started to work out it started to rain. The Belgians told them • not to mind the rain, that it would be all over in a few minutes. However, on that particular day it did not let up, but that did , not stop anyone. All were too eager to find out what Neptune - had left them. It was remarkable to see how they would pick out spots on which they could do a little fast work. The weight men and pole vaulters all found spots here and there which enabled them to get some good outdoor exercise.
The boys were not allowed to extend" themselves the first day and no time was taken of the different runs nor were the field events measured, but all were in fine spirits and each time a1 good throw was made with the hammer or discus a new Belgian record was instantly claimed and allowed — by themselves., On the second day many of the men .worked twice ; in fact, the majority of the men donned their athletic costumes both morn- ing and afternoon — it was a continuous performance at the Beershot A. C. grounds, much to the edification of the Belgian athletes. Trainer Murphy and Manager Halpin went out to the
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
grounds each morning and stayed all day, watching that some of the newer men did not overdo it and noting the style and methods of those unfamiliar to them, whose prowess previous to the try-outs had never been revealed. Practice was kept up almost to the moment that the Finland resumed the voyage, the boys being ordered out on the third day — the day of sailing. Promptly at noon on Wednesday, June 26, the band started to play and with all the passengers and members of the team again on board, to the cheers and good wishes of their Belgian hosts, the Finland sailed for Stockholm, the Mecca of the athletic world in 1912.
In looking over the following list of passengers who enjoyed the Finland's glorious trip to the city of the Fifth Olympiad one quickly notices the names of many men who have been famous in the annals of American athletics, "old-timers" now, but who acted and were as enthusiastic as the youngest Olympic com- petitor aboard. It would be invidious to select any single names from amongst such a roster of those that have ever been in the vanguard of America's athletic advance; their names and rec- ords are known wherever athletics are practiced. Had there been some historian of the rise and progress of athletics in America on the vessel, he would have had the opportunity — which may never again occur — of securing from these men authentic, first-hand data of the old days of athletics — unique memories and stories from the lips of the actors themselves. Let us hope that some of. these, at least, may be preserved. The ladies also were not unrepresented, as a fair proportion were on board, ready to cheer for our victorious athletes in the Stock- holm stadium. Below, is a complete list of those who made this never-to-be-forgotten voyage on the good ship Finland r
LIST OF PASSENGERS.
Mr. Benj. W. Adams
Sergt. H. L. Adams
Mr. Platt Adams
Mr. Francis P. Albertanti
Mr. Fred W. Allen
Capt. Edward L. Anderson
Mr. Lewis R. Anderson
Mr. Harry S. Babcock
Miss Baker
Ensign H. T. Bartlett '
Mr. John Becht
Mr. Edw. I. Beeson
Mr. S. H. Bellah
Mr. F. V. Belote
Mr. Tel S. Berna
Mr. John A. Biller
Mr. Vaughn S. Blanchard
Mr. George V. Bohhag
Dr. F. N. Bonine
Mr. William L. Bowman Mrs. Bowman Mr. Eugene Boyd Mr. Lawrence D. Bragg Dr. Scott D. Breckinridge Mr. George H. Breed Mr. Edward T. Brennan Mr. C. E. Brickley Capt. Allan L. Briggs Mrs. Allan L. Briggs Mr. George V. Brown Mr. Avery Brundage Mrs. Brundage Mr. H. E. Buermeyer Mrs. Buermeyer Capt. C. L. Burdette Mr. Jervis W. Burdick Mr. Edward R. Bushnell Mr. R. L. Byrd
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
47
Mr. David S. Caldwell
Mr. John R. Case
Mr. Clarence C. Childs
Mr. George A. Chisholm
Mr. Carl C. Cooke
Mr. Alfred R. Conkling
Mr. J. Ira Courtney r. Frank J. Coyle Mr. Ralph C. Craig
M
Mr. Alfred H. Curtis
Mrs. Curtis
Miss Helen Curtis
Miss Maurine Curtis
Prof. J. L. Dungey
Mr. Ira N. Davenport
Mr. Martin A. Delaney
Mrs. Delaney
Mr. Clarence H. De Mar
Mr. John A. Dietz
Mr. P. J. Dolfen
Mr. J. J. Donahue
Mrs. Donahue
Mr. Howard P. Drew
Mr. Gordon B. Dukes
Mr. James H. Duncan
Mr. Martin T. Durkin
Mr. Clarence S. Edmundson
Mr. John J. Eller
Mr. Harold B. Enright
Mr. Egon R. Erickson
Mr. Joseph Erxleben
Mr. Eberhard Faber
Mrs. Faber
Mr. Terence Farley
Mrs. Farley
Mr. Edw. L. Farrell
Mr. Daniel J. Ferris
Mr. Edw. J. Fitzgerald
Mr. Forrest Fletcher
Mr. Joseph Forshaw, Jr.
Miss Lucille Forshaw
Lieut. Col. Fredk. S. Foltz
Mrs. Foltz
Mr. W. H. Fritz, Jr.
Mr. George W. Gaidzik
Mr. John J. Gallagher, Jr.
Miss Dorothy Garrison
Miss Eulalia Garrison
Mr. Thomas Gavin
Mr. P. C. Gerhardt
Dr. John Ernest Gignoux
Mr. Simon P. Gillis
Mr. Leo. Goehring
Mr. L. B. Goodwin
Lieut. E. F. Graham
Sterling E. Graham
Mr. Harry J. Grumpelt
Mr. Albert L. Gutterson
Mr. Sherman Hall
Mr. John J. Hallahan
Mr. Thomas J. Halpin
Mr. M. P. Haloin
Dr. Graeme H. Hammond
Mrs. Hammond
Miss Helen Hammond
Miss Martha M. Hanan — ,
Mr. Eugene Hart
Mr. Charles A. S. Hatfield
Mr. Martin N. Hawkins
Mr. William Hayward
Mr. H. J. Hehner
Mr. Harold W. Heiland
Mr. Harry H. Hellawell
Mr. Oscar F. Hedlund
Capt. Guy V. Henry
Mrs. Henry, Nurse and Infant
Mr. Donald Grant Herring
Mrs. Herring
Capt. Fred S. Hird
Mr. Harold B. Haff
Mr. Harland W. Hplden
Mr. George L. Horine
Mr. Kenneth Huszagh
Mr. Frank C. Irons
bergt. John E. Jackson
Mr. John O. Johnstone
Lieut. Albert S. Jones
Miss Jones
Mr. John Paul Jones
Duke Kahanamoku
Mr. Frederick H. Kaiser
Mr. Fred W. Kelly
Mr. James Kinlock
Mr. Abel R. Kiviat
Mr. Ernest Kockler
Mr. Joseph Kopsky
Mr. William J. Kramer
Mr. Paul Krimmel
Mr. Al. Kruschel
Mr. A. P. Lane
Lieut. Com. Harris Laning
Lieut. M. W. Larimer
Lieut. Ben Lear, Jr.
Mrs. Ben Lear
Sergt. William H. Leushner
Lieut. Col. William Libbey
Mr. Thomas H. Lilley
Mr. Edward F. Lindberg
Mr. Donald F. Lippincott
Mr. Alvin Loftes
Mr. Thomas Loughran
Mr. Arthur McAleenan
Mrs. McAleenan
Mr. Kenneth McAleenan
Mr. Henry McAleenan
Miss Rita McAleenan and Maid
Mr. Arthur McAleenan, Jr.
Mr. Walter McClure
Mr. Wallace M. McCurdy
Mr. M. McDermott
Dr. W. Neil McDonnell
Mr. Patrick McDonald
Mr. Perry McGillivray
iVir. Matthew J. McGrath
48
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
SOLEMN OPENING OF OLYMPIC
The Athletes of All Nations Assembled in the Stadium, at Attention,
Mr. Duncan M. McLean
Mr. John A. McLoughlin
Mr. Louis C. Madeira, 3rd
Mr. H. F. Maguire
Mr. W. C. Martin
Mr. Frank Meissner
Mr. James A. Menaul
Mr. James E. Meredith
Mr. Eugene R. Mercer
Mr. Alvah T. Meyer
Mr. James S. Mitchel
Lieut. Jno. Carter Montgomery
Mrs. Montgomery
Miss Montgomery
Nurse and Infant Mr. A. M. Mucks Mr. Emil J. Muller Mr. Frank D. Murphy Mr. M. C. Murphy Miss Murphy Mr. James Nasson Mrs. E. H. Nelson Miss Nelson Mr. Frank T. Nelson Mr. Nicholas T. Nerich Miss Katherine Newman Mr. John P. Nicholson Mr. Wesley M. Oler, Jr. Lieut. C. T. Osburn
Mr. N. J; Patterson
Mr. George S. Patton
Mrs. Patton
Lieut. George S. Patton, Jr.
Mrs. George S. Patton, Jr.
Miss Patton
Mr. Theo. Roosevelt Pell
Mrs. Pell
Mr. Allan M. Penfield
Mr. George W. Philbrook
Mr. George L. Pierce
Mr. Richard F. Piggott
Mr. Jesse Pike
Mr. Paul H. Pilgrim
Mr. Albertson Van Zo Post
Mr. Edwin M. Pritchard
Mr. Herbert N. Putnam
Lieut. Harold M. Rayner
Mr. Charles D. Reidpath
Mr. Tames H. Reilly
Mr. E. Renz
Mr. G. W. Retzer
Mr. Howard G. Reynolds
Mr. John J. Reynolds
Mr. Charles W. Rice
Mr. Leslie B. Rich
Mr. Aimer W. Richards
Mr. Lawson Robertson
Mr. Hans Roedder
Sl'ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
49
3AMES. STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912
is His Majesty King Gustave V. Declared the Fifth Olympiad Opened
Mr. Ralph W. Rose
Mr. James M. Rosenberger
Mr. Thomas Russell
Mr. Michael J. Ryan
Miss Ruth Sands
Mr. Alfred Ernest Sauer
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre
Mr. H. B. Scharman
Mr. Carl Schutte
Mr. Samuel Schwartz
Mr. Henry Louis Scott
Dr. Henry E. Sears
Mr. Wm. Edward Seybel
Miss Mary Seybel
Mr. Melvin W. Sheppard
Mr. W. G. Shepherd
Mr. Andrew Sockalexis
Mr. A. N. Smith
Mr. Harry J. Smith
Dr. Raymond Spear
Mr. W. A. Sprout
Mr. D. M. Stern
Mr. Jerome Steinert
Mr. Gaston Strobino
Mr. W. C. Stroud
Mr. James E. Sullivan
Mr. Jphn J. Sweeney
Mr. Norman S. Taber
Mr. Louis Tewanima
Mr. Rupert B. Thomas
Col. Robert M. Thompson
Miss Ruth Thompson
Mr. James Thorpe
Mr. J. F. Turrill
Mr. James Twohig
Mr. H. V. Valentine
Mrs. Valentine
Mr. Alfred Voellmeke
Mr. Otto Wahle
Adm. Richard W. Wainwright
Mrs. Wainwright
Mr. Phil Ware
Mr. Charles Warke
Mr. Glenn S. Warner
Mr. James Wendell
Mrs. Eustace Wheeler
Mr. P. M. Whelan
Mr. Lawrence A. Whitney
Major Charles E. Whitney
Mr. Clement P. Wilson "
Miss Julia Wood
Mr.. George S. Woolley
Mr. Harry T. Worth ington
Mr. George Wright
Mr. Marc S. Wright
Mr. Garnett M. Wikofif
Mr. Donnell B. Young
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51
If anything had happened to Trainer Murphy there was an abundance of material in the way of professional trainers on board, Lawson Robertson, of the Irish-American Athletic Club of New York, being the most prominent. An old-time amateur champion athlete himself and a member of two previous Ameri- can Olympic teams, he has undoubtedly brought out more cham- pions in his short career as a professional trainer than any other trainer of the present day; "Bill" Hayward, famous on the Pacific Coast; big, good-natured Glenn Warner, the Carlisle Indian School coach, who accompanied Louis Tewanima and Jim Thorpe; Martin Delaney of Chicago; James Kinlock of South Paterson, N. J., and A. H. Smith of the University of Maine, who was particularly anxious to watch over and look out for the interests, of the young Indian, Sockalexis, and was sent abroad especially for that object.
That the newspapers and news gathering agencies of the United States appreciated the importance of the Olympic Games and the interest displayed in the performances of the American athletes will- be thoroughly understood from the representative list of newspaper correspondents on board the Finland, some of the best men in America at their specialty being assigned to report the daily happenings, were to be found, among them being James S. Mitchel, of the New York Herald, the dean of the profession, also an ex-Olympian of the Athens trip, at one time the world's greatest weight thrower, and a man who has won more championships probably than any dozen men aboard ; John Hallahan of the Boston Globe, ever popular; Reynolds of the Boston Post ; Whelan, a free lance doing work for the New York Sun; Brennan of the American Press Association; Howard Valentine of the New York Globe; F. P. Albertanti ("Francis") of the New York Evening Mail, a general favorite. Last, but not least, was W. G. Shepherd of the United Press Association. Mr. Shepherd has covered all sorts of important events, not only in the United States but all over the world, and naturally his nar- ratives of his experiences were many and fascinating.
Then there was the photographic staff. One would think it was an expedition to the North Pole or that a world-deciding bat- tle was to be fought, so many cameras were in commission. The American Press Association, the International News Service and the United Press Association were represented professionally, as were several of the newspapers, besides which were the many amateurs intent on getting pictorial reminiscences of this event- ful trip. The American Sports Publishing Company had its special photographer on board and many of the photographs in this bgok are by him.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.. 53
THE STADIUM
The Stadium is built of grey-violet Swedish brick and undressed granite. The plan shows a typical amphitheater in the form of a horseshoe magnet, only the arena being open to the sky. The two arms of the building rest against the rocky slope at the north, being there built into the hill by means of two watch towers, behind which lie the administrative buildings on the flanks of the sloping background. This slope is crowned by an arcade which completes the frame of the arena and the united buildings at the flanks. Under the amphitheater and along the corridor there are arranged the royal foyer, all the dressing- rooms, shower-baths, and toilet-rooms for the athletes, the luncheon kitchen, the promenade arcades, etc. The seats in the amphitheater can be reached only from the outer promenade by means of twelve staircases each of which leads to the center of a section of the amphitheater. Admission to the interior com- peting fields is gained through four portals, one at the southern end, distinguished by two octagonal entrance towers ; one in the middle of the northern arcade, and one at each of the eastern and western watch towers. Admission to the park is gained by three groups of entrances for the amphitheater and one for each half of the northern slope.
The arena contains a foot ball field, places for the jumping and throwing competitions, and around all these, a running track, the inner circumference of which measures 383 meters. During the winter the arena can be used as a skating rink.
The composition of the building is a modern, independent, organic development of early mediaeval Swedish architecture. Round the southern end runs an outer, open arcade, looking towards the park. Its contrefort is crowned by granite blocks intended for sculptur.ed figures, a cyclus of thirty erect figures , in life size. The eight sidewalks are flanked in pairs by similar blocks. On the great eastern tower there is an immense block of black hammered iron, with two granite figures representing the first pair of human beings belonging to northern mythology, Ask and Embla.
The Stadium will become a center for northern athletics and it will also be a forum for open-air festivities of every kind. As its acoustic properties are excellent it will be possible to have choir-festivals, public meetings and open-air theatrical represen- tations there.
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SFALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 55
THE FIFTH OLYMPIAD
BY JAMES E. SULLIVAN, OLYMPIC COMMISSIONER
The real feature, of course, of the Olympic Games, no mat- ter where held, is the track and field events that take place in the Stadium. It is true that in whatever country an Olympiad has been sanctioned, events have been added to the programme to make it as attractive as possible, and also to lengthen it so that it will extend over a certain period, but that part in which the greatest interest is taken and upon which the eyes of the world are focused is the track and field events, without which the Olympic Games would be a dismal failure. This is not only true of Stockholm but also of Athens, Paris, St. Louis and London.
When the announcement was made that the Fifth Olympiad would take place at Stockholm those of us who had more or less intercourse with the Swedes at the Olympic Games held in 1904, 1906 and 1908 realized that they would do something out of the ordinary, and they did. The Stadium was erected at a very large expenditure and was as near perfect as one could expect. It has a seating capacity of 27,000, and is well con- structed, although from an athletic standpoint it could have been better planned, . In its arrangement it is doubtful if there ever has been a Stadium so complete, and a standard has been set by the Swedes that will be hard for other nations to surpass insofar as it pertains to Stadium construction. One fault, however, in the Stadium at Stockholm that should be remedied: in the construction of future athletic plants was the necessity of running the 200 meter dash in lanes around one turn and running the 400 meter race around a path with two turns. It is to be hoped that in future the quarter-milers will be given a chance to run their favorite race with a straightaway of at least 250 yards — a turn and a full straightaway to the finish — somewhat on the lines of those at the University of Pennsyl- vania, Harvard, Yale and other places. Nevertheless, it must ' be admitted that if there ever was an athletic plant as nearly perfect as human skill could make it, that plant was at Stock- holm, and no matter how critical one may be, it must be con- ceded that the Stadium was most complete and reflects great credit on the Swedish Olympic Committee. Sweden, through its athletic officials and competitors, has been preparing for the Olympic Games for some years- At Athens, Paris, St. Louis and London they were in evidence, and from their atten-
OLYMPIC' GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Three American Flags raised in the Stadium when American athletes scored first, second and third in 100 Meters, 800 Meters, 16-lb. Shot, 110 Meters. Hurdle, and Pole Vault.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57
tion to every detail it was apparent that when the time came\ to hold the Olympic Games in Stockholm something would be \ done that would please the entire athletic universe. The Swedes are sportsmen of the true type.
Much has been written in relation to the organization of the Olympic Games and how the privilege comes to each country to hold them, but that is merely organization. The Swedish Olympic Committee, having been accorded the privilege of holding the Fifth Olympiad with absolute power to name the events and the officials and make the rules, did so. No one criticized the committee for taking over the games under such conditions. Nevertheless I feel firmly convinced that if the Olympic Games are to be perpetuated each and every country that furnishes the contestants will have to be consulted in re- lation to the rules and events, and the International Committee, if it is to have any longer life, shall decide. If the committee, will make the rules and decide on the events to be contested, and at once, the entire athletic world will accept its decision as final. But if the committee is going to Berlin in 1916 ^uncer- tain as to rules and events, it is inevitable that the countries that furnish the contestants will lose interest. This is no criticism of the Swedish Olympic Committee or of those who worked so hard to make the Olympic Games of 1912 a success, as nearly all countries knew in advance what events v\f,ould be contested and what rules would prevail. They took. them, sent their teams to compete, and have a perfect right to criticize and make suggestions for the betterments of future contests.
As to officials, there is no reason wh^ ^all of the officials should come from one country. No matter where the games are held, each country that has representation should have officials on the field. There should be that fellowship on the , field that is not there at present, and never Has ; been there. If there is to be an international jury why should it be tfiere in name only, with the members seated so far away from the scene of action that they could never decide intelligently any protest that might arise? If there is to be an international jury its members should be at the track and on the field near the competitions.
We have some perfectly equipped athletic plants in the United States, there are some in England, and Athens was well nigh perfection, but never before have we had such a field as the Swedes presented to the athletes of the world during the month of July, 1912. There was a running track second to none, jump- ing pits, and every necessity anticipated, competent officials were in charge, assisted by a well drilled force of ^attendants to see that any requests of the contestants were carried out. The
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
His Royal Highness Crown Prince Gustave Adolphe, who presented the third prizes to the athletes.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 59
judging of the events was without question, and it must be remembered that the Swedes had had very little experience in international or other large athletic meetings.
The official starter covered himself with glory when one con- siders that he undertook to fill that arduous position under rules that would worry even the most expert.
When the announcement was made in this country that there was to be no penalty for a false start it was received with a feeling of apprehension. The rules were construed to mean that if a man broke away and stole a couple of yards on the starter it would be a start. However, that was really not the case. As a matter of fact, if a contestant did beat the gun and get away, an official blew a whistle and the men were compelled to come back. There was no penalty. When the facts were explained to our sprinters and they saw personally how the matter worked out, many of them were inclined to favor that method of starting, for in this country, if there is a bad start, our rules do not permit a recall, with the result that, in many cases, particula-rly in handicap races, one contestant sometimes receives an advantage to which he is not entitled- It would be a good thing to have a uniform rule on starting. If the start is* an unfair one, allow the starter to recall the contestants and start over, but penalize the offender or offenders. In my opinion, with many years of attendance at athletic events, the Swedish starter acquitted himself most creditably. Very few of the final heats that he sent away were subject to comment, and when a man can do that under such trying rules it proves that he must be very competent and should receive the com- mendation of all.
Electrical timing apparatus in connection with instantaneous photography at the finish was, to a certain extent, a step for- ward, but it is doubtful if it served the purpose. So long as the human agency enters into the decision, there will always be a doubt in the minds of onlookers where a close race has been run. It was said that the photograph taken at the finish of each race from the high platform was snapped by hand, same as with any ordinary camera. This could be improved by attaching an electrical apparatus to the end of the finish tape, and when the man broke the tape it would snap the camera. In the electrical timing and starting, the system was far behind that used by the A.A.U. at St. Louis in 1891. At the latter city, when the starter fired his gun, it started the watch at the finish and when the winner hit the tape the watch stopped and recorded the winner's time. In Stockholm the watch was started the same as in St. Louis, but as the winner crossed the finish, one of the
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARr." 61
officials would press a button which would stop the watch, there- fore leaving the decision to the judgment of one official. The Swedes could have made the timing system absolutely perfect if they had followed the St. Louis system of 1891 and improved it by having a separate finish tape in each lane which would record the time of each as he finished. In this way the apparatus would not only act as a timer, but positively decide in what position each man finished.
The events themselves produced some of the most remarkable racing ever witnessed in international competition. The fields of starters were larger than ever. As a matter of fact, the total number of entries in the Olympic Games went away beyond expectation, over four thousand athletes having entered, nearly four times the number at Athens in 1906.
As usual the contests produced several athletic wonders who will go down in athletic history. As in all previous Olympic Games, the athletes from the United States showed their superi- ority. In 1896, at Athens; in 1900, at Paris; at St. Louis in 1904; at Athens, 1906, and at London four years ago the American run- ners, ; jumpers and weight throwers clearly demonstrated their superiority. It was immaterial whether the American repre- sentation was large or small, when the final computation was made it was found that the men carrying the Stars and Stripes had excelled, and the meeting at Stockholm this year was no different from the ones that preceded. Nevertheless, in the games of 1912 other countries furnished some surprises and some athletic wonders, and what Berlin may develop in 1916 time alone will tell.
To describe the performance of each man is of course out of the question in a work like the present volume and during the Olympic period at Stockholm so many sensational races were contested that it is almost impossible to go into details of any one particular performance without having to slight an- other of almost equal importance.
To have been an official part of an expedition like the Ameri- can invasion of Sweden in 1912, means something to one deeply interested in the outcome and it is doubtful if the average person only casually interested in athletics can thoroughly ap- preciate the feeling — how it affects one — the nervous strain. For months you have been planning ; attending to the thousand and one details that arise, wondering how many the finances will permit to comprise the team, finally the selection, and then to have all questions answered, sometimes in seconds and other times in minutes — with always the possibility of the wrong answer.
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When the day of the "solemn opening" at last has arrived the Stadium rilled to its capacity and the Royal Family in their places in the state box, the band and the athletes of all nations file in and assemble on the field facing the celebrities, the International Committee solemnly walk before the royal box and the President steps forward and delivers his address. The Crown Prince then delivers an address to the King and His Majesty answers and declares the Olympic Games opened. There is something about it all that is beyond definition, particu- larly in this country of ours, where athletic meetings are con- sidered "hurly-burly" affairs. Then when all is quiet again, the clerk of the course calls, "all out for the hundred," and the games are on. If you are interested, you are then under a strain that words can hardly explain. The hundred is under way — heats, and semi-finals — and some of those that you expected to figure in the final heats are eliminated and the unexpected happens.
At Stockholm the United States athletes came through with precision and when the final heat of the "100" was reached America had five out of the six starters, the only "outsider" being Patching, the phenomenal sprinter from South Africa. Only four of the five sprinters started in the final, however, as Drew, who many expected to win the race, was unable to con- tinue on account of a strained tendon.
When the five starters went to the mark for the final it was regretted by all of the American contingent that there was no penalty for a false start- The statement has been made that the American athletes purposely broke away from the barrier to upset Patching. That statement is absolutely false. As a mat- ter of fact, this method of starting took a lot out of our boys. When our athletes took their marks the "team" was eliminated ; each man was there to win and to grasp the laurel wreath that represented the sprinting superiority of the world. Each one was extremely nervous, keyed to the highest tension, and realizing that a lost fraction of a second meant defeat. This was the sole reason for the many false starts in the final heat of the "100." The fact that the American athletes scored one — two — three in the sprint showed that we easily surpass the world in that department.
We must all acknowledge the wonderful sprinting ability of Ralph Craig, formerly of the University of Michigan, and in his college days the greatest sprinter we had. He equalled several world's records during his college career. Craig was out of the game for a long time and many believed that he could never come back and run anywhere near his old form. He did come
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65
back, however, and his winning of both the 100 and 200 meter races at Stockholm were two great performances.
The running of Lippincott in the sprints was a revelation. Lippincott was a freshman at the University of Pennsylvania in 1911 and ran a few good races for the Red and Blue. The team selection committee of the American Olympic Committee had great faith in him, and although his performances on this side of the water did not warrant his selection on the first list, the committee felt that perhaps he might come around and named him on the supplementary list. The wisdom of this was proven by his being placed in both the 100 and 200 meter races.
Volumes could be written, if one wanted to specialize, on the heats and finals of the 400, 800 and 1500 meter races. Each and every day the heats and finals furnished some phenomenal racing. To many the sensational feature and the most thrilling race of the Olympic Games was the 800 meter, which is a little short of a half mile. In this race the world's greatest half-milers toed the mark. The race was exciting from beginning to end and the finish will never be forgotten. It brought to light a new world's record holder in "Ted" Meredith, the great middle distance runner from Mercersburg Academy. Meredith's record had preceded him to Stockholm, his performances as a school- boy being well known. The form he showed in the quarter and half mile events in scholastic games had earned him a place on the team, but many athletic experts felt that the old timers, of the type of Sheppard and Davenport, at the critical moment would outgeneral the youngster. In this they were wrong. Meredith won in a blanket finish with Sheppard and Davenport. Meredith not only won the world's championship, but he made a new Olympic record for the 800 meters and a new world's record for the half mile. Here we have a schoolboy, one who at the time of the last Olympic Games had not yet entered college, winning the world's championship and grasping the much coveted half mile record. That certainly is glory enough for one day. Then, to make everything even, a couple of days later, in his trial heat of the 400 meter, he broke the Olympic record for the distance.
Reidpath, that sterling quarter-miler, who during the year 1912 added to his record the fastest quarter mile performance ever made in college competition, having run the distance in 48 seconds flat, won the 400 meter championship from Braun, that gritty quarter and half mile representative of Germany, but only after one of the greatest 400 meter races ever seen in the world.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. James Thorpe, the world's greatest all-round athlete ; winner of Pentathlon and
Decathlon,
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Thanks to the persistence of the American Olympic Commit- tee members present, the quarter mile final at Stockholm was contested in lanes. It was hardly necessary, but owing to the feeling that had been created in connection with the games at Stockholm, where the impression had got abroad that when one man started in a race against five from another country, the five would outgeneral the one, the committee felt that the only fair way would be to have lanes and let the best man win.
The efforts of the American Committee to convince the Swedish Committee that lanes would be the only solution of the problem was long but fruitless. After two days the American Committee was overruled and the Swedish Committee decided that there would be no lanes. Nevertheless, the American Com- mittee insisted that if there was to be a fair race without criticism it should be run in lanes. At the last minute the Swedish Com- mittee acquiesced and the final heat of the 400 meters was run in lanes. Had this race not been run in lanes, the Americans would undoubtedly have finished one — two — three, instead of first and third, because our second best man — if not our best — Lindberg, drew the outside lane and many think it cost him first or second place. However, the result was gratifying as it was, the much-feared Braun was beaten and no one could say that he was not given a fair chance.
The 1500 meter race certainly was a sensational one, and we must all take our hats off to that sterling British runner, Jackson. In athletics, one can safely trust the records. An expert can go over the athletic records of a country where there is some standard of time or measurement and form a pretty fair idea of what kind of competition to expect at a common meeting ground, such as the Olympic Games, unless a world's wonder suddenly leaps into prominence, 'which is not usually the case. The United States had several 1500 meter men with records of 4.15 2/5, 4.16 and 4.18 for a mile, and should have finished one — two — three. Jones, Kiviat, Taber and Hedlund were old campaigners, all tried and true, and surely when any one suggested the mere possibility of Jackson beating such a quartette, he was laughed at. But Jackson did break that com- bination, and I doubt if in my thirty-five years in athletics I ever saw a man run with such rare good judgment. Jackson's style in his preliminary heat was impressive, and I watched him, as I realized that there was the man our boys had to beat. Jackson paid no attention to pace. He trailed the field for the greater part of the distance, and only had in mind his own race. He had his schedule, and he knew if he could be within striking
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
James Edward ("Ted") Meredith, winner of the 800 Meters Run, creating a new world's record for the distance. Time, 1m. 51 9-10s. Meredith also made a new world's record for the 880 Yards Run, Time, Jm, 52 l-2s,
•SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69
distance on the bell lap, he had a sprint that few milers have, one that would bring him home ahead of all others, and it cer- tainly did.
If the American runners had ran the kind of a race that Jackson did perhaps there would have been a different story to tell to-day. Our boys watched one another. Kiviat felt that he had to beat Jones and kept his eyes on him all through the race. ' Taber knew that he had that wonderful finish that made him the sensation of the college year, but none of them ever expected ! to have Jackson come up at the critical moment and snatch the honors from them. After the excitement attending the race had subsided I was asked by Mr. C. W. Williams of the Hearst Syndicate to describe it for publication in the American papers, and although the contest has become a matter of history, I cannot do it better now than at the finish of the race itself. The cable- gram was as follows : ,
"The 1500 meter has proved a terrible disappointment. I did not think there was a man living who could break up our won- derful combination — John Paul Jones, Abel Kiviat, Norman Taber and Mel Sheppard. All I can say is that the man who did beat them is one of the greatest, brainiest racers in the world. He should be England's idol. Although I was sure America would win this event, the name of Jackson haunted me ever since I saw him in the semi-final heat. I marked his name • on my programme, unconsciously selecting him as winner, as is my habit of doing after sizing up a field. I realized all along that Jackson was good. Yet not even now will I admit that he is a better man than Kiviat. Kiviat was not in his best form in Sweden. The long voyage disagreed with him. To back up my argument, I wish to call attention to the fact that Jackson did not beat Kiviat's record. That is pretty strong proof. But we may as well begin training now against Jackson for the 1500 meter in the Olympiad of 1916. All of our boys deserve much credit. John Paul Jones was not the Jones of old — I know that. After his semi-final with Jackson I said so. Nobody believed me. Kiviat was handicapped by drawing the outside position. This forced him to lose many yards in getting the pole. Taber did as well as was to be expected. But poor Mel Sheppard ! ' It cut me to the heart to see that grand old veteran go down to such a crushing defeat. Yet he ran the race he planned. At the very start he jumped to the front and tried to keep the crowd back with a slow pace that would leave him strong for a sprint at the finish. If Mel had had that sprint left in him, Jackson could never have caught him. Jackson has a tremendous springy stride and a long, rangy build, just right for a miler. He used excellent judgment, letting the others have their own
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
The three Americans that finished first,' second and third in the 110 Meters Hurdle Race. F. W. Kelly in the center, winning; James I. Wendell, second* and M. W. Hawkins on the right, third,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ft
way, and lagging almost at the rear until the last lap. Then he shot out like a racehorse. The race was cleanly run. Four- teen starters are too many in a running event, yet I failed to see any jostling. I had talked long and loud how I would like to see the man who could beat the American runners in this event. Well, I saw."
Of course, the Olympic Games had its Craigs. Reidpaths, Merediths and Jacksons, but there was another contestant, long to be remembered, and that is Hannes Kolehmainen of Finland. We, in America, had heard of him, read of him, and I published his picture in the Athletic Almanac, but we never expected that he would prove to be such a wonderful piece of running machin- ery. Kolehmainen was really the sensation of the Olympic Games. He ran heats in the 10,000 meter, stopped, looked around and smiled at the second man. In the final he stopped and watched the second man finish. In the 5,ooo meter heat he walked away as though it was an everyday occurrence. Then with everyone speechless with amazement at his prodigies, Kolehmainen proceeded to win his heat in the team race, after which he went out and won the cross-country race, apparently without even an effort. I have been an official at four of the five Olympic Games since their revival in 1896, and have seen all the great distance runners of America and Europe, and when they ran one hard race it was all that they wanted to run, but never in my life have I had the pleasure of seeing such a phenomenal piece of human machinery as this representative of Finland — to the American team a name more nautical than geographical. He al- ways won without an effort. His smile and that whole souled something that we call personal magnetism endeared him to the hearts of all, and then to think that he comes from a nation that is not athletic, as we know the term. Kolehmainen told us that he was led to take up running by reading accounts of the Olym- pic Games at Athens in 1906 and wanted to become a runner — and he succeeded. He comes from a land where the training table is unheard of, and certainly disproves the theory of many trainers and athletes of past ages who decried the idea that an athlete could secure valuable aid from books.
The field events at the Olympic Games comprised the usual standard events: hammer, shot, discus, pole vault, javelin, high and broad jumps, in which events the American athletes again demonstrated their superiority, but the Swedes had two events on the programme never held heretofore — the Pentathlon ' and Decathlon. These two events were added to the Olympic Games in Sweden to give the world a chance to see the type]
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Albert L. Gutterson, University of Vermont ; winner of Running Broad Jump. A new Olympic record, distance, 24ft. 11 1-5 in.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 73
of athlete that comes from countries that believe in all-around , excellence, the claim having been made that certain nations — especially America — specialized, some in sprinting, some in jump- I ing, throwing the weights, etc., but here' were two events that would give to each nation a chance to show its proficiency in all-around work. A mistaken impression had become prevalent ; in Europe that the American athlete was a specialist. Of course, to us it was ridiculous. The average American amateur athlete can probably perform meritoriously in many more athletic events, \ outside of his specialty, than any other athlete in the world, not to mention proficiency in some field pastime — what athlete is not an adept at our national game of base ball? So these two events were put on to give the athletes of the world a chance to show their all-around ability.
I was told by one of the members of the International Com- mittee, at Stockholm, who voted to have these events on the programme, that while America was conceded to have the best chance in the standard track and field events, the Pentathlon and Decathlon were sure to be won by a European, owing to the fact that the Continent produced the best type of all- around men. What a shock it was when James Thorpe, that wonderful all-around athlete from the Carlisle Indian School, demolished all theories and calculations. His performances were marvelous.
The "blue ribbon" event of the Olympic Games is the Mara- thon race, there is no argument about that. America would rather win the Marathon race than any other three races on the programme, but we did not, and we want to bow, and grace- fully, too, to McArthur of South Africa, a great runner.
The showing of the Americans as a team was a most wonder- ful exhibition of distance racing. Twelve men started ; ten fin- ished. These ten men were in the first eighteen. Our first man, Strobino, finished in third position. Strobino left Paterson, N. J., the unheralded champion, and to-day he stands out as the pre- mier American Marathoner. The others finished fourth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, fifteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth. All were in excellent shape, some of them not run out, and the experts think that if a few had extended themselves earlier in the race the finish might have been different. On the whole, America established its right to the all-around distance champion- ship of the world, for no other country of the world ever equalled our record in a Marathon race.
While America naturally receives credit for the remarkable showing of her athletes, no article , on the Olympic Games is complete without an appreciation of the sterling athletes that
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
A. W. Richards, Brigham Young University ; winner of Running High Jump. Height. 6 ft. 3.98 in.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75
represented Sweden and Finland in the Olympic Games. As the point score shows, the United States was first, Finland second and Sweden third. The showing of Finland was of course wonderful when one considers that this score was rolled up by a few men. Sweden's score was made by a well balanced team, which must be reckoned with in future.
Finland had four great athletes on its team — Kolehmainen, Niklander, Taipale and Saaristo — and, much to the astonish- ment of all, Finland finished one — two — three in the javelin throw (with both hands). Taipale defeated Duncan of America in the discus (best hand), and in doing so created a new record. From the records made in America by Duncan, very few had any doubts as to his ability to win. Sweden defeated the pick of the Americans in the hop, step and jump and finished one — two — three. In the field it was a three-cornered battle between the Swedish, Finnish and American athletes.
"It is customary at all Olympic Games to have a platform at one end of the Stadium with three flagpoles on which the flags of the different nations are raised when their representatives win certain places, and great was the joy in the American sec- tion when the three American flags were displayed, telling to all the results — first, second and third — in the 100 meter dash, 800 meter run, no meter hurdles, putting the shot, and the pole vault, but it is impossible to describe the feelings of the twenty thousand or more Swedes when their national banner on the three flagstaffs indicated that Sweden took first, second and third in the hop, step and jump. When Finland finished first, second and third in the javelin an encouraging and sympathetic cheer arose from all. It was not the Finnish flag that went to the masthead, but the Russian flag, with a pennant attached on which the word "Finland" was printed in bold relief.
While it is true that the battle for points was keen between the twenty-seven natio'ns represented, and all due recognition was given to the victors, it must not be overlooked that winners, and winners only, will not make the Olympic Games popular. We must not forget the losers, as all concerned put forth their best effects, and with the approach of another Olympiad, four years hence, the lessons learned in Sweden in 1912 will have borne fruit and while we hope to again see the triple signal of victory for America, we will not be disappointed if it does not appear as frequently as in the past, but be glad that America was able to point the way in international contests to the nations of the world.
While it is admitted that in the distance running events, Koleh-
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
F. W. Kelly, University of California ; winner of 110 Meters Hurdle Race,
Time. 15 MOs.
--SPALUIN6PS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77
mainen, the Finnish distance runner, was the bright particular star, we must not overlook the high class performances of some of the other men that took part in these events. For instance, Bouin of France, who had startled the world with his remark- able distance running during the past couple of years, should not be overlooked, as he was a contender in the 5,000 meters run, and a very important one. The form he displayed in his heat proved conclusively that the records that had been sent broad- cast from France in relation to his running were not exagger- ated. He won the fifth heat in this race quite easily in 15 min- utes and 5 seconds, which was by far the fastest preliminary heat. In the final, Kolehmainen will long remember the race that this wonderful Frenchman gave him and the contest will be long remembered by the twenty thousand or more spectators that witnessed that thrilling race. It was really a match race, after the first few laps, between these two great runners, and the finish that they furnished will never be forgotten. Bouin was just beaten in record time — that is the answer. We must all proclaim this French runner as one of the wonders of the Fifth Olympiad.
In the 10,000 meters race, which was also won by Koleh- mainen, Louis Tewanima, the little Hopi Indian of the American team, gave a remarkable exhibition of grit and persistency. This young Indian, who hails from the Carlisle Indian School, the hero of many thrilling races, stuck to his work in a true Indian fashion, and many thought at one time that he had a chance to defeat the great Kolehmainen, but it was not to be. Tewanima proved, however, that with Kolehmainen out of the way, he was superior to all other long distance runners — and the world's best were on the mark for this race. All Americans can feel proud of the wonderful race that Tewanima ran against the best in the world.
Team and relay racing formed an important part of the Fifth Olympiad. The 400 meters relay race for teams of four men, each man to run 100 meters, was won by a team that was not the best team entered. The United States team defeated Great Britain in the first heat of the semi-final round, but was dis- qualified for not passing the small piece of wood or baton within the allotted space, which permitted the British team to compete in the final. Great Britain won the final, with Germany second. Germany was also disqualified for the same offense as the American team, and the second prize was given to Sweden. The time made by the German team in their preliminary heat, 42.3 seconds, stands as the Olympic record.
The cross-country race in connection with Olympic Games was
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Two of America's Crack Sprinters — 1, Donald F. Lippincott, University of Pennsylvania, third in 100 meters and second in 200 meters races. Made new world's record in bis heat in 100 meters race, time, 10 3-5s. ; 2, Ralph Craig, University of Michigan, winner of both 100 and 200 meters races.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79
a new feature, and the conditions were such that it is hoped no other country will ever duplicate them. Here was an Olympic championship scheduled months in advance and the route of the course was kept secret. Why should_this be so? I hope it will be a long time before there will be another race in connection with Olympic Games where the contestants go to the mark with- out knowing over what kind of a course they will have to run. The Olympic course of 1912 was a very stiff one and, as a mat- ter of fact, it killed off some of the greatest cross-country run- ners in the world. In this race Kolehmainen, the wonderful Finn, again demonstrated his ability and had no trouble in win- ning the first prize. The Swedes won the team championship, with the Finns second and the English third. All of the teams that finished are entitled to a great deal of praise. The first man wearing the shield of the United States to finish was young Hellawell, who came in twelfth. He ran a wonderfully g-ame race and made a remarkable showing when it is considered that he came in ahead of all the crack British cross-country runners. Hellawell certainly deserves a great deal of credit for his per- sistency and stoutheartedness in coming through such a gruel- ling race.
While it is true that the world's greatest stars performed in the track events, we must not overlook the men who took part in the field events, where the world's best compete in their specialties. Is it any wonder there was unrestrained joy in the hearts of the Finns when the three Finnish pennants were raised to the' tops of the flagstaffs indicating the victories of Saaristo, Siikaniemi and Peltonen of Finland in the order named in the javelin throwing competition (with both hands) ? Saaristo, the new wonder at this game, threw the javelin over 200 feet with his right hand and over 157 feet with his left, a record that will no doubt remain for a long time.
In the discus throw (free style) those of us who had been fol- lowing the wonderful work of James H. Duncan in the United States felt confident that he would win this event. Niklander, the big Finn, was the only one feared in this particular event, but the best Duncan could do was to finish third. Duncan was beaten by Taipale, a Finlander, whom we had heard of very little, and Byrd, Duncan's team mate. Taipale's throw of 148 feet 3.9 inches created a new Olympic record for this style. It must be said, however, that Duncan was far from being right en the trip. The long sea voyage did not agree with him. His best performance in Stockholm was far behind his average perform- ance in America.
In the pole vault, a new Olympic record was created by Harry
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. The three Indians — Sockalexis, Thorpe and Tewanima.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81
Babcock of the American team. He vaulted 12 feet n 1-2 inches. This was another event in which the three American flags were hoisted, denoting the winning of first, second and third places, and it gave the American enthusiasts a good chance to cheer. Babcock was first, and M. S. Wright and Frank Nelson tied for second at 12 feet 7 1-2 inches. The vaulting witnessed at Stock- holm was remarkable. It is doubtful if we ever have had in the history of the world such fine performances in the final of a pole vault. One has merely to glance at the records made in the final to see how remarkable this vaulting really was : Bab- cock (U.S.A.), 12 feet n 1-2 inches; Wright and Nelson (U.S.A.), 12 feet 71-2 inches; Murphy (U.S.A.), Uggla (Swe- den), Happenny (Canada), 12 feet 5.6 inches; Bellah (U.S. A), 12 feet 3.6 inches ; Dukes, Coyle and Fritz (U.S.A.), n feet n 3-41 inches, and Paseman (Germany), n feet 1.9 inches. The performance of any one of the first seven men could have won the world's championship at the Olympic Games at Athens, in 1896; Paris, 1900; St. Louis, 1904; Athens, 1906, or London, 1908.
In the standing high and broad jumps Ray Ewry was missed. This world's greatest jumper decided, for business reasons, not to try for the American team, although if Ewry had signified his intention of going to Stockholm, I think the Committee would have selected him on his past performances. His records show he was the best in the world at Paris, St. Louis, Athens and London. Without him records were not expected, but it was a good thing for America that we had the Adams brothers, although in the standing broad jump both Platt and Ben Adams incurred defeat at the hands of Tsiclitiras of Greece, who per- formed so meritoriously at London in 1908. The experts felt we would have to develop another Ewry in order to defeat the Greek. He was a beginner in 1908, at London, and has been consistently at work ever since- His performance shows what four years of hard training and competition will do for an ath- lete. In the standing high jump the Adams boys turned the tables on the Greek, Platt finishing first and Ben second, the Greek taking third.
The running broad jump was somewhat of a disappointment. One might wonder why that remark is made when we look at the performance of Gutterson, the American who won with a jump of 24 feet n 1-5 inches, but from the records made before leaving the United States, first, second and third places were expected in this event. Mercer and Worthingtpn, had they jumped to form, would have taken second and third places for us. However, the long drawn out voyage on the Finland, and lack of practice for a couple of weeks had its effect and, on the whole, the Americans should congratulate themselves that
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 83
Gutterson jumped to form. Many felt Gutterson had the ability to jump 25 feet when pressed.
In the hop, step and jump the American contingent were blanked — outclassed — and there was unbounded joy among the Swedes when the three national flags were displayed, denoting a triple victory for the Swedish representatives. The American chances in this particular event were not considered seriously, as there was no one entered from the United States in this event whose performance gave any hope of winning.
In the shot putting and hammer -throwing events, those who had analyzed the various records of the world felt the United States had very little opposition in the weight events; in fact, the only man feared was Niklander, the giant from Finland. The American Committee and those responsible for the selec- tion of the Olympic team had carefully reviewed the records of the athletes in America and also those abroad and came to the conclusion that Niklander would be the greatest stumbling block. Nevertheless they felt that at the critical moment the tried campaigners would come through, and their judgment was affirmed. McDonald, that sterling and popular champion, fin- ished first; Rose was second and Whitney third. However, Niklander's performance justified the reports of his proficiency and proved that he is to be reckoned with in future interna- tional competitions. He certainly had the Americans anxious, for a time, about their laurels in the shot putting event (with both hands), but Pat McDonald and Ralph Rose were not to be denied and came through and the Stars and Stripes again went up for first and second places, with Niklander responsible for Finland in the third.
The Fifth Olympiad certainly was an American triumph.' Not only were premier honors won on track and field, in shooting and swimming, but, for the first time in the history of the Olym- pic Games, base ball, our national game, was included in the Olympic programme. Before the team sailed from America the American Olympic Committee received a number of letters from base ball enthusiasts, asking if it would not be possible to have a game played at Stockholm, to show the Swedes what the great summer pastime was like. The American Committee at once took the matter up with Mr. Kristian Hellstrom, Secretary of the Swedish Olympic Committee, and the Committee added the game to the official programme, selecting July 10 as the date. The game was scheduled to be played at the Stadium, com- mencing at 7 o'clock in the evening, there being light enough in that latitude to permit play until 10 o'clock.
When the team sailed, Manager Halpin took base ball suits
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Matthew J. McGrath, winner of Hammer Throwing competition. Distance, 179 ft. 7.1 in., a new Olympic record.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 85
and paraphernalia enough for two full teams. It was planned to make up two teams from the members of the American track and field team, as there was a sufficient number of men who had played base ball in their high school or college days to make up two nines strong enough to give a good demonstration of the national pastime. So the men got together and picked a team from the Western members, who called themselves the "Fin- lands," the team from the East being named the "Olympics." Charles Brickley, captain of the Harvard freshmen base ball team for 1912, was selected to lead the East,, or "Olympics," and Ira N. Davenport, formerly of the University of Chicago, was honored with the captaincy of the Western team, or "Finlands."
Those in charge of the American team did not consider that it would be good judgment to allow the boys to play their game until after all their track competitions were over, as an injury to one of the men might cost America a world's championship, so it was reluctantly decided to abandon the date set by the Swedish Committee, July 10. As this was the only date open in the Stadium, the American Committee decided to play the game on the athletic field in the rear of the Stadium, known as Oster- malms Idrottspalats, on July 16.
Mr. J. S. Edstrom, Vice-President of the Swedish Olympic Committee, and Mr. E. Johnson, a Swedish gentleman, who spent a number of years in the United States and had become a great base ball enthusiast, asked the American Committee if they would not arrange to play an All Swedish team. Mr. John- son, who had organized a Swedish team, felt that it would be a fine chance for his men to gain experience by playing against men who were expert at the game. The game was arranged as Mr. Johnson suggested and easily won by the Americans. It was really remarkable to see how well the Swedes fielded and hit, but they knew nothing of what is popularly known a*s "inside base ball." The game between the "Finlands" arid the "Olympics," however, was a good demonstration of our national game and was enjoyed by the foreigners, who, although they could not always understand the finer points of the game, admired the action and enthusiasm of the players. Mr. George Wright of Boston, famous in his day as shortstop of the champion Cin- cinnati Red Stockings of 1867-8 and later of the Boston and Providence teams of the National League, umpired one. game and gave many points to the Swedish players.
The Committee is indebted to Messrs. J. S. Edstrom and Kristian Hellstrom for their efforts in having base ball included in the Olympic programme, and with Mr. E. Johnson, who has already organized the Vesteras base ball team of Sweden, work-
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1012,
A. K. Taipale, Finland,, winner Throwing the Discus, best hand; James H. Duncan, America, third, and L, B, Jiyrd, America, second,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87
ing hard to establish base ball in his country, the game is bound to get a foothold there and advance with rapid strides.
The game played between a nine selected from the American Olympic athletes and a Swedish native team, and the contest for the championship of the steamship Finland between two teams organized from the Olympic athletes, selected from the Eastern and Western sections of the United States, who made the trip on the vessel and called for this particular occasion, "Olympics" and "Finlands," should prove conclusively that the statement was wrong that the American athlete, as represented in the Stadium, was a specialist.
By "specialist" was meant to convey the impression that an athlete who shone in the 100 yards run could only run 100 yards, that the half miler is a half miler exclusively, and that the broad jumper would not recognize a discus if it was shown to him. In other words, the American athlete thought of no other pastime than his own specialty. The base ball contests and the eagerness with which the most prominent athletes sought to enroll for the two games, demonstrated to those fortunate enough to be present at Stockholm that the American athlete was just as versatile as he was proficient in his alleged "specialty."
And while base ball was played primarily to give Europeans a chance to see what our great national pastime is like, our athletes could have just as readily shown a game of college foot ball or basket ball, played in championship style. And I venture to go farther and make a statement that if it had been winter and skating was in order there would be found members of the team who could give even the leading Swedish skaters an inter- esting contest.
In other words, I doubt if there has ever been another athletic team in the history of the world that was equal to the American team of 1912 in all-around proficiency. Not a man there who could not show true championship form in at least three or four different sports. The work of our men in the two all around competitions, the Decathlon and the Pentathlon, and the showing of James Thorpe, the winner of them, should forever remove from any doubting minds the impression that Americans specialized for one event. Thorpe's record has not been equalled and will not be equalled for many years. And Thorpe had a reputation in other lines of sport long before he began to attract attention in track and field athletics, for besides being a splendid base ball player, he is a star lacrosse player and has the honor of being selected by the leading authority on foot ball in
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
America, Mr. Walter Camp, as a member of the blue ribbon- though mythical — team, the "All America Foot Ball Team."
As before stated, the most important feature of the Olympic Games is that portion devoted to track and field contests. Still the other events scheduled in connection with the Olympic Games must not be overlooked, especially the rifle, pistol and trap shooting. As a matter of fact those in control of govern- ment affairs, especially the representatives of the Army and Navy, pay more attention to the firearm results than they do to track and field scores.
Our rifle, gun and pistol teams covered themselves with glory, scoring a sweeping victory in all three departments, the most important one, however, in the eyes of the military departments of the nations of the world, being the team rifle competition. In this event the team from the United States duplicated its former glorious Olympic victory and gave a wonderful exhibition of rifle shooting. The ease with which our rifle men excelled caused widespread comment among European officers and others interested and in some quarters it was insinuated that perhaps it was the rifle. This, of course, was ridiculous to the American marksmen, because it is a matter of record that the rifle they used was not the most expensive kind and only cost in the neigh- borhood of fifteen or sixteen dollars. It was not a patented gun. There was no secrecy about the doings of the American rifle team or the rifle used. The men shot in the open and cheerfully showed their rifles to anybody and everybody that wished to inspect them. Nevertheless, the reports persisted and finally became so pronounced that His Majesty King Gustave V. asked Kristian Hellstrom, Secretary of the Swedish Olympic Com- mittee, to have the American Committee submit one of the rifles used by the Americans for examination and explanation. This letter was sent to Commissioner Sullivan by Secretary Hellstrom and in turn Commissioner Sullivan requested Manager Halpin to get in touch with Commander Lanning and have him take one of the rifles used by his team to His Majesty King Gustave V. and explain same minutely. This was done, and a photograph on another page will show Commander Lanning explaining the rifle to the King of Sweden. The American rifle team scored its victory because it was absolutely the most expert team of rifle- men in the world.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. Ralph W. Rose, America, winner of Shot-put (both hands). Distance, 90 ft. 5,4 in.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
91
MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN TEAM
TRACK AND FIELD.
|
NAME. |
EVENT. |
ENTERED FROM. |
|
Adams, B Adams, P Allen, F. W Anderson L. R. ...... |
Jumper Jumper Broad jump Miler . |
New York A.C. New York A.C. Univ. of California Univ. of Nebraska Chicago A.A. Univ. of Pennsylvania Cornell University Irish-American A.C. Harvard University Bates College New York A.C. Multnomah A.C. Chicago A.A. Chicago A.A. Boston A.A. Chicago A.A. Indiana University Seattle A.C. New York A.C. Detroit Y.M.C.A. Mass. Agricultural Coll. Ohio State College New York A.C. Springfield H.S. North Dorchester A.C. Chicago University I.-A.A.C., Los Angeles Bradhurst Field Club Irish-American A.C. Seattle A.C. Missouri A.C. Dartmouth University Mott Haven A.C. • New York A.C. Cornell University Missouri A.C. Univ. of Notre Dame Boston A.A. Olympic Club Yale University Univ. of Vermont New York A.C. Mohawk A.C. New York A.C. Boston A.A. Boston A.A. Xavier A.A. Univ. of Michigan Boston A.A. New York A.C. Univ. of Oregon Olympic Club |
|
Belote, F. V Burdick J W |
Sprinter High Jump |
|
|
Berna T S |
Distance . . . .... |
|
|
Bonhag, G. V |
Distance |
|
|
Brickley, C. E Blanchard, V. S Babcock, H. S Bellah S H |
Hop, step and jump... Hurdler Jumper Pole vault |
|
|
Brundage A |
Pentathlon |
|
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Byrd R. L |
||
|
Chisholm G |
Hurdler |
|
|
Coyle, F! J Case, J. R |
Pole vault Hurdler |
|
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Childs C C |
||
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Craig R. C |
||
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Caldwell, D |
||
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Cooke, Carl C Dukes G B |
Jumper Pole vault |
|
|
Drew, H. P DeMar, C. H |
Sprinter Marathon |
|
|
Donahue, James Duncan, James Eller, John J |
Decathlon Discus Hurdler |
|
|
Erxleben, J Enright H B |
Marathon High jump |
|
|
High jump . |
||
|
Fitzgerald, E. J |
||
|
Fritz, Jr., W. H |
Pole vault |
|
|
Fletcher, F Farrell E |
Jumper Hop, step and jump... |
|
|
Gerhardt, P |
||
|
Gallagher, Jr., J Gutterson, A. L Grumpelt H. J |
Marathon Broad jump High jump |
|
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Goehring, Leo Gillis, S |
Jumper |
|
|
Halpin T. J |
800 meters |
|
|
Holden, H. W |
||
|
Heiland H W .... |
Sprinter |
|
|
Haff, H. B Hedlund, Oscar |
400 meters Miler |
|
|
Hellawell, H. H Hawkins, M. N Horine G L |
Cross-country Hurdler High jump |
|
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
King Gustave V. of Sweden, crowning Patrick J, McDonald, winner of the Shot-Put event, best hand.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
93
|
NAME. |
EVENT. |
ENTERED FROM. |
|
Irons, F. C Johnstone J O |
Jumper High jump . . • |
Chicago A.A. |
|
Jones J P |
Miler |
Cornell University |
|
Kaiser, F Kiviat A R |
Walker Miler |
New York A.C. Irish-American A C |
|
Kramer W. J |
Distance |
Long Island A C |
|
Kelly F W |
Marathon |
Los Angeles A C |
|
Sprinter |
Oxford University |
|
|
Lindberg, E. F Lilley T H |
400 meters Marathon |
Chicago A.A. North Dorchester A -\ |
|
Lippincott, D. F ...... |
Sprinter Miler |
Univ. of Pennsylvania Univ of Pennsylvania |
|
McCurdy W M .... |
Distance . . |
Univ of Pennsylvania |
|
Meyer Alvah .... |
Sprinter |
Irish-American A C |
|
Mercer E. R |
Jumper |
Univ. of Pennsylvania |
|
Meredith, J. E Maguire H F ... |
800 meters Distance |
Mercersburg Academy Unattached |
|
Murphy F D |
Pole vault |
Univ. of Illinois |
|
McClure W |
Miler |
Univ of Oregon |
|
Menaul, J. A McDonald P. J |
Decathlon Shot . |
Chicago A.A. Irish-American A C |
|
Mucks A M. . |
Discus |
Chicago A.A. |
|
Muller E J |
Discus * . |
Irish-American A C. |
|
McGrath M J |
Hammer |
Unattached |
|
Nelson, F. T |
Pole vault |
Harvard Law School |
|
Nicholson, J. P Oler Jr., Wi M |
Hurdler High jump |
Univ. of Missouri New York A C. |
|
Patterson N J |
Miler |
Chicago A A |
|
Pritchard' E M |
Hurdler |
Irish-American A C |
|
Piggott, R. F Putnam H N |
Marathon 800 meters |
North Dorchester A.A. Cornell University |
|
Philbrook, G. W Reidpath C D .... |
Pentathlon 400 meters . . . . • |
Univ. of Notre Dame New York A C. |
|
Ryan, M. J Richards, A. W |
Marathon High jump |
Irish-American A.C. Brigham Young Univ. |
|
Reynolds, J. J. Rose Ralph. |
Marathon Shot |
Irish-American A.C. Olympic Club |
|
Renz, E |
Walker |
Mohawk A.C. |
|
Rosenberger J M . |
400 meters |
Irish-American A C |
|
Sheppard M W |
800 meters . |
Irish-American A.C. |
|
Scott Efouis |
Distance |
South Paterson A.C. |
|
SockaLexis, A Sherman B. F |
Marathon Hammer |
North Dorchester A.A. Unattached |
|
Smith, H. J Strobino, G Schwartz S. |
Marathon Marathon Walker |
Bronx Church House South Paterson A.C. Pastime A.C. |
|
Thomas, R |
Sprinter |
Princeton University |
|
Taber N S |
Miler . |
Brown University |
|
Tewanima, Louis Thorpe, J Voellmeke, A Wendell, J Whitney L |
Marathon Decathlon Walker Hurdler Shot |
Carlisle School Carlisle School Pastime A.C. New York A.C. Boston A A |
|
Wilson, Clement Wikoff, G |
Sprinter |
Coe College Ohio State University |
|
Worthington H . |
Broad jump .... . |
Exeter Academy |
|
Wright, M Young, D. B Ziegler, W |
Pole vault 400 meters Hammer |
Dartmouth College Boston A.A. Oxford University |
^OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. George L, Horine, third in Running High Jump,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. AQUATIC SPORTS.
95
Gaidzik, George W.... Fancy and high diving. Chicago A. A.
Hebner, Harry J Backstroke and relay.. Illinois A.C.
Huszagh, Kenneth 100 meter and relay... Chicago A. A.
Kahanamoku, Duke.... 100 meter and relay... Honolulu Surf Club
McAleenan, Arthur, Jr. Fancy and high diving. New York A.C.
McDermott, Michael... Breast stroke Chicago A. A.
McGillivray, Perry.... 100, 4oom. and relay.. Illinois A.C.
Nerich, Nicholas T.... 100, 4oom. and relay.. New York A.C.
Reilly, James H 400, isoom. and relay. New York A.C.
CYCLING. Road race, round Lake Malar, 200 miles.
Meissner, F Western Michigan Cycling Club, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Kruschel, A Alma Athletic Club, Buffalo, N. Y.
Pike, J Century Road Club of America, Hoboken, N. J.
Steinert, J Hicksville A.C., Hicksville, L. I.
Kopsky, J Morningside A.C., New York, N. Y.
Martin, W St. Louis C.C., St. Louis, Mo.
Loftes, A New York A.C., Providence, R. I.
Schutte, Carl St. Louis C.C., Kansas City, Mo.
Becht, J Empire City Wheelmen, Brooklyn, N. Y.
HORSE RIDING. In charge of Lieutenant-Colonel F. S. Foltz.
Henry, Captain Guy V I3th Cavalry, U.S.A.
Lear, Jr., Lieutenant B 1 5th Cavalry, U.S.A.
Graham, Lieutenant E. F 1 5th Cavalry, U.S.A.
Montgomery, Lieutenant J. C 7th Cavalry, U.S.A.
REVOLVER AND PISTOL TEAM. Dr. R. H. Sayre. ..Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York
J. A. Dietz Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York
A. P. Lane Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York
Hans Roedder Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York
Dr. H. E. Sears Beverly, Mass.
P. J. Dolfen Springfield Revolver Association, Springfield, Mass.
UNITED STATES RIFLEMEN.
Team Captains — Lieutenant-Commander Harris Laning, United States Navy; Lieutenant Albert S. Jones, Secretary National Rifle Association of America. ,
Team Adjutant — Lieutenant-Colonel William Libbey, New Jersey National Guard.
Team Surgeon — Past Assistant Surgeon W. Neil McDonnell, United States Navy.
TEAM.
Lieutenant C. T. Osburn United States Navy
Sergeant John E. Jackson Iowa National Guard
Captain Allan L. Briggs United States Army
Captain C. L. Burdette West Virginia National Guard
Sergeant Harry L. Adams United States Army
Captain Fred S. Hird Iowa National Guard
Hospital Steward Warren A. Sprout United States Navy
Ensign Harold T. Bartlett United States Navy
William F. Leushner Buffalo, N. Y.
Ed. L. Anderson Birmingham, Ala.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Hans Kolehmainen, Finland, winner of 5,000 Meters Race, 10,000 Meters Race, 8,000 Meters Cross-Country Race, and winner of first 'heat of tiie Team Race,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 97
CLAY BIRD SHOOTING TEAM.
Charles W. Billings New York Athletic Club
Ralph L. Spotts New York Athletic Club
John H. Hendrickson Brooklyn
James R. Graham Chicago
Edward F. Gleason Boston Athletic Association
Frank Hall New York Athletic Club
Daniel F. McMahon New York Athletic Club
FENCING.
George H. Breed • A. E. Sauer
A. V. Z. Post Dr. G. M. Hammond
Sherman Hall Lieut. Marc W. Larimer, U. S. N.
William Bowman Lieut. Harold M. Rayner, U.S.A.
J. McLoughlin James M. Moore
Dr. J. E. Gignoux Frederick Schenck Dr. S. D. Breckinridge
FENCING— MODERN PENTATHLON. Lieutenant George Smith Patton, Jr.
TENNIS. Theodore Roosevelt Pell.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM,
SWEDEN, 1912.
Christopher W. Gitsham, South Africa, second in Marathon Race, about to break tape. His time was : 2h. 37m. 52s.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM,
SWEDEN, 1912.
Gaston Strobino, America, crossing the finish line in third position in the Marathon Race. Time, 2h. 38m. 42 2-5s,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
RECEPTIONS IN SWEDEN
American officials who have had the pleasure of meeting Swedish officials and working with them for the betterment of athletics, at Athens, Paris, St. Louis and London, became thor- oughly convinced that the Swede was the ideal type of sports- man, and sooner or later, that great nation, known so well throughout the physical training world as one of the leaders, would take up the competitive side of track and field athletics, giving an account of themselves that would please all. From the very beginning of international competition it was seen that the Swedes and Yankees worked together. There existed a bond of friendship that was sure to be lasting. We watched Swedish offi- cials at these games take in everything, and also saw Swedish athletes come to the games as novices, observe what was going on, watch the performance of this champion and that, then go home and train, become proficient, and come back and win championships.
It was with great pleasure that we received the representa- tive of their governing body when he visited this country and we explained to him our system of training. He met our cham- pions and became acquainted, because in athletics there is noth- ing secret. There are no secret programmes. There is nothing in athletics performed behind closed doors. The Swedes were interested, and the result of their earnest -work in track and field athletics was gratifying to them, I am sure, when you look at the final score of the Fifth Olympiad. It was a well balanced team. Of course, they lacked one or two stars that could shine above all others, but athletic stars only come occasionally to a country. Eventually, however, the country with the well bal- anced team will surely win.
We knew of Sweden and had heard of Swedish hospitality and their ways of doing things; so, when the announcement was made that the Fifth Olympiad was to go to Stockholm, Sweden, there was great j-oy throughout this land of ours, if did not require very much talk on the oart of our chief on the International Committee, Professor William M. Sloane, to start the organization of and arrange for a campaign or trip to bweden. They who best knew the Swedes naturally wanted to RO as they felt confident there would await them a welcome comes from friends to friends. Long will we remember the reception we received when we steamed into the harbor at Stockholm; it was a royal welcome, perhaps only
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1012.
Patrick J. McDonald, who won the Shot-Put competition, best hand, and fln- 'jshed second to Rose in the Shot-Put, both hands.
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excelled on two occasions, when our American team went to Athens in 1896 and 1906. The Swedes equalled the standard of hospitality set by the Greeks.. When the Finland came to anchor at the dock, we were greeted by thousands of whole-souled Swedish sportsmen. They sang to us and cheered, and our boys returned the cheer, and then they sang their national hymn. As soon as the gangplank was lowered, the Swedish Olympic Com- mittee came aboard and welcomed the American team to their shores — and it was a welcome. From that moment, if there existed any gates to Sweden, they were taken off and carefully put away until the Americans had left the country. Everything was open for us.
Of course, the Americans went on a mission. This mission was to create' good feeling; to show the type of man this great country of ours produces; to bring to them the type of sportsman that comes from this glorious nation of ours, and to show the world that we play the game fairly — give and take, shake the hands of the victors when they won, just as we expect them to shake the hands of our men when we win, and to show there was that good, wholesome fellow-feeling which made us know that Baron de Coubertin's Olympic Idea had arrived, we would have a meeting, go back to our homes with the best of feeling, and know that at last the Olympic Games had developed into an ideal peace conference. It would take a much larger book than this to record the many acts of kindness and attention paid to our athletes, officials and visitors by the Swedes, particu- larly the Royal Family and Swedish Committee, who wished us to feel that the city was open to us. It was a feeling that impressed me deeply. The Royal Family endeared themselves to the hearts of all of our party, and the great interest that His Majesty the King and His Royal Highness the Crown. Prince took in our athletes and their work was remarkable. They appreciated the grand way the Americans .recognized Sweden by coming to them in a style that no other nation has ever attempted. It was a large and important expedition, meaning much not only for our own country but for the entire world — and as we do things, athletically, so others will follow our lead. That is the history of the Olympic Games. The interest .of the Royal Family in them appealed greatly to us. The King, Crown Prince, Queen and Princess rarely missed an important event. They were at the Stadium for the stadium events ; at the swim- ming pavilion and tennis contests, as well as the shooting and foot ball, and, above all, were particularly prominent at the opening and closing exercises of the Olympic Games held in the Stadium. When Olympic Games can be held with pat- ronage of that kind they are sure to be successful, and each
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Platt Adams, America, winner of Standing High Jump. Height, 5 ft. 4 1-5 in. Also second in Standing Broad Jump.
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country that has held Olympic Games has set a standard in that i respect that others must live up to, and the standard set by , Sweden will be hard for other countries to maintain.
There was a social side to the Olympic Games, but it must be said in credit to those in charge of the affairs that at no time did the social side eclipse the athletic side. Of course, the social end ef it in foreign countries is something to look forward to and appreciate. It is something different to our own, and, in order to give an idea of what was done for the athletes, visitors and officials at the Fifth Olympiad, it is only necessary to here- with publish the complete list of social functions:
Friday, June 28. — Reception festivities at the Strand Hotel, arranged by the Foot Ball Committee in honor of all those tak- ing part in the Olympic foot ball competitions.
Sunday, June 30. — The Foot Ball Committee's dinner for honoratiores.
Wednesday, July 3. — Dinner by Col. Robert M. Thompson, President of the American Olympic Committee, on his yach't Katrina, for the presidents of the International Olympic Com- mittee and of the Olympic committees o-f the nations represented at the games.
Thursday, July 4. — Solemn opening of the meetings of the International Olympic Committee at the Riksdag House. The Swedish Olympic Committee's lunch at Hasselbacken for the International Olympic Committee and ladies. Reception on board the Finland by the American team to the representatives (ath- letes and officials) of the nations represented at the games.
Friday, July 5.— Col. V. G. Balck's dinner for the International Olympic Committee. Farewell festivities at Hasselbacken, arranged by the Shooting Committee. Reception festivities at the Grand Hotel Royal, arranged by the Cycling Committee in honor of the officials and honoratiores.
Saturday, July 6. — H. M. the King's garden party at the pal- ace, Logarden. Massed military concert in the Stadium, ar- ranged by the Swedish Musicians' Association, in which ten conductors and three hundred musicians took part. The com- positions by Swedish composers alone.
m Sunday, July 7.— Official dinner at the Grand Hotel Royal, given by the Swedish Olympic Committee for officials and honoratiores, and conclusion of evening at the Opera Terrace. Display of Gotland popular sports and of the Icelandic Glima in the Stadium. First representation given by the Folkdansens Vanner Club (for the Promotion of Swedish National Dances) at the Royal Opera.
Monday, July 8. — Reception by His Excellency the Minister for Foreign Affairs at the Hotel of the Minister for Foreign
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Affairs. Farewell festivities at Hasselbacken, arranged by the Cycling Committee for competitors and officials of the cycling competition and for honoratiores. Second massed military con- cert in the Stadium.
Tuesday, July 9. — Concert in the Stadium. Dinner given by H. R. H. the Crown Prince at his palace. Olympic festivities at Skansen for competitors in the games.
Wednesday, July 10. — Col. V G. Balck's reception. Banquet given at Saltsjobaden by the Publicistklubben (Swedish Institute of Journalists) for the representatives of the foreign press. Ath- letic competitions in the Stadium for the crews of the foreign men-of-war.
Thursday, July n. — Dinner given by H. R. H. the Crown Prince in his palace. Children's concert in the choir hall, (Ostermalms Folkskola), arranged by the Swedish Choral So- ciety. Dinner at Hasselbacken by the Fencing Committee. Gala performance at the Royal Opera House.
Friday, July 12. — Five-o'clock Tea, given by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, President of the International Olympic Committee. First concert by the Swedish Choral Society in the Choir Hall. (Ostermalms Folkskola). Review of Swedish Boy Scouts in the Stadium, including a concert by the boys' brass bands affiliated to the Swedish Boy Scout Clubs ; signalling exercises, popular out- door games, etc.
Saturday, July 13. — Grand Choral Festival in the Stadium, arranged by the Swedish Choral Society. Reception banquet at Hasselbacken, given by the Committee on the Horse Riding competitions.
Sunday, July 14. — Dinner at Hasselbacken for the competitors in the Modern Pentathlon. Second representation by the Folk- dansens Vanner at the Royal Opera House. Second concert by the Swedish Choral Society in the Choir Hall (Ostermalms Folkskola). Farewell festivities in the Stadium in honor .of the assembled athletes. After supper then singing by a, choir of more than three thousand men, music, fireworks, etc.
Monday, July 15. — Base ball game between the American team, and Vesteras Basebollklubb at Ostermalms Idrottspalats. Aquatic festival (illumination, etc.) at Djurgardsbrunnsviken, arranged by the Stockholms Kappsimningsklubb (Stockholm Swimming Club), the Swedish Amateur Swimming Association and the Committee for the Barnens Dag (Children's Summer Holiday Fund).
Tuesday, July 16. — Dinner given by H. M. The King at the Palace. Aquatic festival (illumination, etc.) at Djurgards- brunnsviken, arranged by the Stockholms Kappsimningsklubb (Stockholm Swimming Club), the Swedish Amateur Swimming
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Ben and Platt Adams, America, and C. Tsiclitiras, Greece, who finished first, second and third in the Standing High Jump.
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Association and the Committee for the Barnens Dag (Children's Summer Holiday Fund).
Wednesday, July 17. — Officers' feast at Saltsjobaden, arranged by the Committee on 'the Horse Riding competitions. Reception festivities at Hasselbacken, arranged by the Rowing Committee. Fireworks and illumination in the Stadium.
Thursday, July 18. — Dinner given by H. R. H. Prince Wilhelm at his palace. Subscription Ball at Hasselbacken, arranged by Faltridtklubben (Stockholm Cross Country Riding Club).
Friday, July 19. — The Royal Swedish Yachting Club's reception festivities at Nynashamn. Farewell festivities of the Rowing Committee.
Saturday, July 20. — Dinner given at Nynashamn by O. Holter- mann, Chamberlain to H. M. the King.
Saturday, July 27. — H. R. H. Prince Wilhelm's garden party for yachtsmen at his palace. Farewell banquet at Hasselbacken given by the Kungl. Svenska Segel Sallskapet (Royal Swedish Yachting Club).
Besides these very important functions, the President of the American Olympic Committee, Col. Robert M. Thompson, ten- dered to His Royal Highness the Crown Prince, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, President of the International Olympic Committee, and the representatives of Olympic Committees from foreign countries in attendance at the games, an elaborate dinner aboard his yacht, Katrina, in the harbor at Stockholm. There was hardly an afternoon or evening while the Olympic Games were in progress in which Col. Thompson was not the host at some social event aboard his yacht, notably among which was a dinner to the American newspaper correspondents and the members of the American Olympic Committee in attendance at the games.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM,
SWEDEN, 1912.
C. C. Childs. America, -winner of third place in ^lirowiiiir ILo Hummer.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM,
SWEDEN, 1912.
C. D. Bricker, Canada, second in Running Broad Jump.
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OLYMPIC RECORDS
The measurements for Olympic events are made in meters. A meter equals 39.37 inches.
100 METERS RUN.
(109 yards 13 inches.)
Olympic record — 103-55.; Don F. Lippincott '(U-S.A.), Stockholm, 1912.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, T. E. Burke (U.S.A.), i2S. Paris, 1900, F. W. Jarvis (U.S.A.), 104-55. St. Louis, 1904, A. Hahn (U.S.A.), us. Athens, 1906, A. Hahn (U.S.A.), n 1-55. London, 1908, R. E. Walker (South Africa), 104-55.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — C. Luther (Sweden), walkover. Second heat — I. Moller (Swe- den), i; P. Szalai (Hungary), 2; time, 11.53. Third heat — J. Tra Courtney (U.S.A.), i; I. Jankovich (Hungary), 2; time, n 1-58. Fourth heat — R. G. Rice (Great Britain), i ; R. Smedmark (Sweden), 2; time, 112-55. Fifth heat — V. H. A. D'Arcy (Great Britain), i; R. Povey (South Africa), 2; time, n 1-55. Sixth heat — R. Rau (Ger- many), i; Vi Racz (Hungary), 2; time, 11.53. Seventh heat — W. A. Stewart (Australia), i; J. Aelter (Belgium), 2; time, us. Eighth heat — K. Lindberg (Sweden), i; B. Vygoda (Bohemia), 2; time, n 3-53. Ninth heat — A. T. Meyer (U.S.A.), i; F. Giongo (Italy), 2; time, 11.35. Tenth heat— D. H. Jacob (Great Britain), i; C. P. Wilson (U.S.A.), 2; time, 104-53. Eleventh heat— F. V. Belote (U.S.A.), i; R. Mourlon (France), 2; time, us. Twelfth heat — P. F. Gerhardt (U.S.A.), i; F. L. Lukeman (Canada) 2; time, n.is. Thirteenth heat — J. A. Howard (Canada), i ; G. H. Patching (South Africa), 2; time, us. Fourteenth heat — A. E. Anderson (Great Britain), i; R. B. Thomas (U.S.A.), 2; time, us. Fifteenth heat— H. P. Drew (U.S.A.), i; E. Kern (Germany), 2; time, us. Sixteenth heat — D. F. Lippin- cott (U.S.A.), i; W. R. Applegarth (Great Britain), 2; time, 103-55. Seventeenth heat— R. C. Craig (U.S.A.), i; F. Szobota (Hungary), 2; time, ii 1-53.
WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS.
First heat — Drew (U.S.A.), time i.is. Second heat— Patching (South Africa), time 10.95. Third heat — Meyer (U.S.A.), time 10.75. Fourth heat— Craig (U.S.A.), time 10.73. Fifth heat — Lippincott (U.S.A.), time 10.75. Sixth heat — Belote (U.S.A.) time ix.is.
FINAL HEAT.
Craig (U.S.A.), i; Meyer (U.S.A.), 2; Lippincott (U.S.A.), 3; Patching (South Africa), 4; Belote (U.S.A.), 5; time, 104-55.
110 METERS HURDLES.
(120 yards 10 7-10 inches.)
Olympic record — 155.; Forrest C. Smithson (U.S.A.), London, 1908. Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, T. P. Curtis (U.S.A.), 173-53. Paris, 1900, A. C. Kraenzlein (U.S.A.), 15255. St. Louis,
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
1-Hammer Throw-1, McGrath (U.S.A.); 2, Gillis (Canada); 3, Childs (U.S.A.). 2—400 Meters Run-1, Lindberg (U.S.A.); 2, Reidpath (U.S.A.); 3. Braun (Ger- many). 8— Javelin, right and left hand— 1, Peltonen (Finland); 2, Saaristo (Fin- land); 3. Siikaniemi (Finland).
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1904, F. W. Schule (U.S.A.), i6s. Athens, 1906, R. C. Leavitt (U.S.A.), 16 i-ss. London, 1908, F. C. Smithson (U.S.A.), 155.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — G. H. Chisholm (U.S.A.), i; K. Solymar (Hungary), 2; time, 15.35. Second heat — J. J. Eller (U.S.A.), i; G. R. L. Anderson (Great Britain), 2; time, i6s. Third heat — M. W. Hawkins (U.S.A.), i; G. I. Andre (France), 2; time, i6.is. Fourth heat — F. R. Bie (Norway), i; W. Wickholm (Finland), 2; time, 161-53. Fifth heat — P. Eitel (Chili), walkover. Sixth heat— M. F. L. Delaby (France), i; V. S. Blanchard (U.S.A.), 2; time, i6s. Seventh heat— E. M. Pritch- ard (U.S.A.), i ; H. E. H. Blakeney (Great Britain), 2; time, 162-55. Eighth heat— J. P. Nicholson (U.S.A.), i; D. Colbachini (Italy), 2; lime, i6s. Ninth heat — F. W. Kelly (U.S.A.), walkover, time, 162-58. Tenth heat — J. R. Case (U.S.A.), i; H. von Bonninghausen (Ger- many), 2; time, 16.35. Eleventh heat — K. Powell (Great Britain), i; J. Wendell (U.S.A.), 2; time, 15 3-53.
WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS.
First heat — Powell, Great Britain, 15 3-55. Second heat — Hawkins (U.S.A.), 15.75. Third heat — Nicholson (U.S.A.), 15 2-55. Fourth heat — Wen- • dell (U.S.'A.), 15.52. Fifth heat— Kelly (U.S.A.), 15 3"5S. Sixth heat— Case (U.S.A.), 15 3-55.
FINAL HEAT.
Kelly (U.S.A.), i; Wendell (U.S.A.), 2; Hawkins (U.S.A.), 3; Case (U.S.A.), 4; Anderson (Great Britain), 5; Nicholson (U.S.A.), fell; time, 15.15.
200 METERS RUN.
(218 yards 26 inches.)
Olympic record — 21 3-58.; A. Hahn (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904. Winners at Previous Olympiads— Athens, 1896; no race at this distance. Paris, 1900, J. W. B. Tewkesbury (U.S.A.), 22 1-55. St. Louis, 1904, A. Hahn (U.S.A.), 21 3-55. Athens, 1906; no race at this distance. London, 1908, R. Kerr (Canada), 22 3-53.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — C. D. Reidpath (U.S.A.), i; G. J. B. Rolot (France), 2; time, 223-53. Second heat— R. C. Craig (U.S.A.), i; R. G. Rice (Great Britain), 2; time, 224-55. Third heat — J. Ira Courtney (U.S.A.), i; D. Macmillan (Great Britain), 2; time, 22.75. Fourth heat — C. Luther (Sweden), i; J. Grijseels, Jr. (Holland), 2; time, 233-55. Fifth heat — W. R. Applegarth (Great Britain), i; H. W. Heiland (U.S.A.), 2; time, 24.73. Sixth heat — R. Rau (Germany), i; A. Anderson (Great Britain), 2; time, 22.55. Seventh heat— C. L: Cooke (U.S.A.), i; R. Povey (South Africa), 2; time, 22 1-55. Eighth heat — J. A. Howard (Canada), i; F. Giongo (Italy), 2; time, 255. Ninth heat — K. Lind- berg (Sweden), i; F. Mezei (Hungary), 2; time, 23.15. Tenth heat — • P. C. Gerhardt (U.S.A.), i; V. H. A. D'Arcy (Great Britain), 2; time, 22.95. Eleventh heat — D. F. Lippincott (U.S.A.), i; I. Mo'ller Sweden), 2; time, 224-55. Twelfth heat — A. T. Meyer (U.S.A.), i; R. C. Duncan (Great Britain), 2; time, 24.15. Thirteenth heat — D. &
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
A R Taipale, Finland: E. Niklander, Finland, and Magnnsson. Sweden, vvho fr.iishcd first, second and third iu Throwing the Discus, both h.-mds.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS.
First heat — Craig (U.S.A.), time 21.95. Second heat — Applegarth (Great Britain), time 21.93. Third heat — Young (U.S.A.), time 21.93. Fourth heat — Lippincott (U.S.A.), time 21. 8s. Fifth heat — Rau (Germany), time 22. is. Sixth heat — Reidpath (U.S.A.), time 22.15.
FINAL HEAT.
Craig (U.S.A.), i; Lippincott (U.S.A.), 2; Applegarth (Great Britain), 3; time, 21.75.
400 METERS RUN.
(437 yards 16 inches.)
Olympic record — 48 1-55.; C. D. Reidpath (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, T. E. Burke (U.S.A.), 54 1-55. Paris, 1900, M. W. Long (U.S.A.), 49 2-53. St. Louis, 1904, H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), 49 1-55. Athens, 1906, P. H. Pilgrim (U.S.A.), 53 1-53. London, 1908, W. Halswelle (Great Britain), $os.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat— J. M. Rosenberger (U.S.A.), i ; C. A. C. Poulenard (Francs), 2; time, 503-5S. Second heat — E. W. Haley (Great Britain), i; M. W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), 2; time, 663-55. Third heat — H. Braun (Ger- many) i; J. E. Meredith (U.S.A.), 2; time, 503-55. Fourth heat — P. Zerling (Sweden), i; Y. Mishima (Japan), 2; time, 552-55. Fifth heat — C. L. Lelong (France), i; D. B. Young (U.S.A.), 2; time, 501-55. Sixth heat — K. Stenborg (Sweden), i; walkover. Seventh heat— C. B. Haff (U.S.A.), i; E. Lunghi (Italy), 2; time, 502-55. Eighth heat— F. Mezei (Hungary), i; J. Dahlin (Sweden), 2; time, 504-55. Ninth heat — E. Lindholm (Sweden), i; J. Pedersen (Nor- way), 2; time, 51.43. Tenth heat — E. F. J. Lindberg (U.S.A.), i; J. T. Soutter (Great Britain), 2; time, 503-58. Eleventh heat — C. S. Edmundson (U.S.A.), i ; E. J. Henley (Great Britain), 2; time, 50 1-55. Twelfth heat — G. Nicol (Great Britain), i ; I. N. Davenport (U.S.A.), 2; time, 505. Thirteenth heat — J. Person (Germany), i; J. A. Wells (Great Britain), 2; time, 55 3-53. Fourteenth heat — C. N. Seedhouse (Great Britain), i; A. Pedersen (Norway), 2; time, 51.55. Fifteenth heat— G. H. Patching (South Africa), i ; C. D, Reidpath (U.S.A.), 2; time, 5 1. is.
WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS.
First heat — Reidpath (U.S.A.), time, 48.75. Second heat— Lindberg (U.S.A.), time, 48.95. Third heat — Meredith (U.S.A.), time, 48.85. Fourth heat— Haff (U.S.A.), time, 49.78. Fifth heat— Braun (Ger- many), time, 49.25.
FINAL HEAT.
Reidpath (U.S.A.), i; Braun (Germany), 2; Lindberg (U.S.A.), 3; Mere- dith (U.S.A.), 4; Haff (U.S.A.), 5; time, 481-55.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. George IT. Gnulding, Canada, and Ernest J. Webb, Great Britain, first and
second in 1I:e 10. <!():> Meters Walk.
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800 METERS RUN.
(874 yards 32 inches.)
Olympic record — im. 51.95.; J. E. Meredith (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, E. H. Flack (Great Brit- ain), 2m. us. Paris, 1900, A. E. Tysoe (Great Britain), 2m. 12-55. St. Louis, 1904, J. I). Lightbody (U.S.A.), im. 565. Athens, 1906 — P. H. Pilgrim (U.S.A.), 2m. i 1-55. London, 1908, M. W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), im. 52 4-55.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — D. N. Caldwell (U.S.A.), i; E. Lunghi (Italy), 2; time, im. 583-55. Second heat — P. E. Mann (Great Britain), i; H. N. Putnam (U.S.A.), 2; time, im. 565. Third heat— J. P. Jones (U.S.A.), i; A. Z. Cortesao (Portugal), 2; time, 2m. i 4-55. Fourth heat — C. S. Edmundson (U.S.A.), i; J. L. Tait (Canada), 2; time, im. 56.55. Fifth heat — I. N. Davenport (U.S.A.), i; F. H. Hulford (Great Britain), 2; time, im. 595. Sixth heat— H. W. Holden (U.S.A.), i; E. Bjorn (Sweden), 2; time, im. 58.15. Seventh heat — J. T. Soutter (Great Britain), i; M. W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), 2; time, 2m. 2-53. Eighth heat— G. M. Brock (Canada), i; J. E. Meredith (U.S.A.), 2; time, im. 575. Ninth heat — E. J. Henley (Great Britain), i; H. Braun (Ger- many), 2; time, im. 57 3-55.
WINNERS OF SEMI-FIN.AL HEATS.
First heat— Meredith (U.S.A.), i; Braun (Germany), 2; Sheppard (U.S.A.), 3; Putnam (U.S.A.), 4; time, im. 542-55. Second heat — Brock (Can- ada), i; Edmundson (U.S.A.), 2;* Caldwell (U.S.A.), 3; Davenport (U.S.A.), 4; time, im. 55 7-105.
FINAL HEAT. Meredith (U.S.A.), i; Sheppard (U.S.A.), 2; Davenport (U.S.A.), 3; time,
im. 51.95.
Meredith continued running to a mark at 880 yards, the time for the latter distance being im. 52 1-23.
1500 METERS RUN.
(1,640 yards 15 inches.)
Olympic record — 3m. 564-55.; A. N. S. Jackson (Great Britain), Stock- holm, 1912.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896 — E. H. Flack (Great Brit- ain), 4m. 33 1-55. Paris, 1900, C. Bennett (Great Britian), 4m. 6s. St. Louis, 1904, J. D. Lightbody (U.S.A.), 4m. 5 2-55. Athens, 1906, J. D. Lightbody (U.S.A.), 4m. 125. London, 1908, M. W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), 4m. 3 2-ss.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat— M. W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), i; L. C. Madeira (U.S.A.), 2; time, 4m. 27.65. Second heat— N. S. Taber (U.S.A.), i ; P. J. Baker (Great Britain), 2; time, 4m. 25.55. Third heat — A. R. Kiviat (U.S.A.), i; H. Arnaud (France), 2; time, 4m. 42-55. Fourth heat — A. N. S. Jackson (Great Britain), i; J. P. Jones (U.S.A.), 2; time.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
E. Lemming, Sweden, winner of Throwing- the Javelin, best hand. Distance, 198ft. 11 3-8in.
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4m. 104-55. Fifth heat — J. Zander (Sweden), i; E. Bjorn (Sweden), 2; time, 4m. 5.53. Sixth heat — E. von Siegel (Germany), i; O. F. Hed- lund (U.S.A.), 2; time, 4m. 9.35. Seventh heat — E. Wide (Sweden;, i; W. McClure (U.S.A.), 2; time. 4m. 6s.
FINAL HEAT.
Jackson (Great Britain), i; Kiviat (U.S.A.), 2; Taber (U.S.A.), 3; Jones (U.S.A.), 4; time, 3m. 564-55.
5000 METERS RUN.
(3.10685 miles.)
Olympic record — 1401. 36 3-55.; H. Kolehmaineii (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. Stockholm Olympiad was the first to have. a race at this distance.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — G. V. Bonhag (U.S.A.), i; A. Decoteau (Canada), 2; F. N. Hibbins (Great Britain), 3; time, 15111. 22 3-55. Second heat — H. L. Scott (U.S.A.), i; J. Keeper (Canada), 2; G. W. Hutson (Great Britain), 3; time, ism. 23.55. Third heat — M. Carlsson (Sweden), i; E. Glover (Great Britain), 2; C. H. A. Porter (Great Britain), 3; time, ism. 343-55. Fourth heat — H. Kolehmainen (Finland), i; H. Nordstrom (Sweden), 2; T. L. Berna (U.S.A.), 3; time, ism. 38.98. Fifth heat— J. Bouin (France), i; T. Ohlsson (Sweden), 2; F. W. Johansson (Finland), 3; time, ism. 53.
FINAL HEAT.
Kolehmainen (Finland), i; Bouin (France), 2; Hutson (Great Britain), 3; Bonhag (U.S.A.), 4; Berna (U.S.A.), 5; time, 14111. 363-58.
10,000 METERS.
(6.21370 miles.)
Olympic record — 3im. 204-55.; H. Kolehmainen (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. Stockholm Olympiad was the first to hold a race at this distance.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — H. Kolehmainen (Finland), i; J. Keeper (Canada), 2; G. Heuet (France), 3; J. Eke (Sweden), 4; E. Glover (Great Britain), 5; time, 33m. 495. Second heat — L. Richardson (South Africa), i; L. Tewanima (U.S.A.), 2; M. Carlsson (Sweden), 3; A. Stenroos (Fin- land), 4; A. Orlando (Italy), 5; time, 32m. 30.35. Third heat — T. Kolehmainen (Finland), i; W. Scott (Great Britain), 2; H. L. Scott (U.S.A.), 3; M. Persson (Sweden), 4; II. F. Maguire (U.S.A.), 5; time, 32m. 47 4-55.
FINAL HEAT.
H. Kolehmainen (Finland), i; Tewanima (U.S.A.), 2; Stenroos (Swe- den), 3; Keeper (Canada), 4; Orlando (Italy), 5; time, aim. 204-53.
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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 119
RELAY RACES.
In the 400 meters relay each team was restricted to four runners, each of whom was to run 100 meters, carrying in his hand a baton which had to be passed to the runner relieving him on the mark. The baton could be passed within a space of 10 meters on either side of the 100 meters mark. The teams from the United States and Germany were disqualified because the officials reported that the baton was passed outside the 10 meter boundary.
400 METERS RELAY.
(437 yards 16 inches.)
Teams of four men, each man to run 100 meters.
Olympic record — 42.35.; German team (E. Kern, M. Hermann, R. Rau and K. Halt). Stockholm Olympiad was the first to have a race at this distance.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TEAMS.
United States — C. P. Wilson, F. V. Belote, J. I. Courtney and C. L. Cooke.
Great Britain — W. R. Applegarth, V. H. A. D'Arcy, H. M. Macintosh, and D. H. Jacobs.
Canada — F. D. McConnell, J. A. Howard, H. B. Beasley and F. L. Lukeman.
Sweden — K. Lindberg, I. Moller, C. Luther and T. Persson.
Germany — E. Kern, M. Hermann, R. Rau and K. Halt.
Austria — G. Krojer, R. Rauch, F. Weinzinger and F. Fleischer.
France — P. Failliot, G. J. B. Rolot, R. Mourlon and C. L. Lelong.
Hungary — I. Jankovich, F. Szobota, V. Racz and P. Szalai.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — Canada, walkover, 46 1-53. Second heat — United States, walk- over, 43. 78. Third heat — Great Britain, walkover, 453. Fourth heat — Sweden, walkover, 43.63. Fifth heat — Germany defeated Austria, 43.65. Sixth heat — Hungary defeated France, 43.7.
WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS. First heat — Great Britain, 435. Second heat — Germany defeated Canada,
42.35. Third heat — Sweden defeated Hungary, 42.55.
United States team finished first in first heat, but was disqualified for passing baton outside of bounds.
FINAL HEAT. Great Britain, i; Sweden, 2; time, 422-55.
German team finished second, but was disqualified for passing the baton outside of bounds.
1600 METERS RELAY.
(1749.7776 yards.) Teams of four men, each man to run 400 meters.
Olympic record — 3m. 163-55.; United States team (J. E. Meredith, M. W.
Sheppard, E. F. Lindberg and C. D. Reidpath). Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1906; Paris, 1900; St. Louis,
1904; no relay race on programme. London, 1906, United States team
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, Duke Kahanamokii, winner of the 100 Meters Swim, after being crowned by His Majesty King Gustave V. of Sweden.
STANDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 121
(W. F. Hamilton, N. J. Cartmell, J. B. Taylor and M. W. Sheppanl), two men running 200 meters, one 400 meters and one 800 meters, 3m. 27 i-ss.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. TEAMS.
Canada— G. M. Brock, J. L. Tait, J. A. Howard and F. H. Gallon.
Great Britain— J. T. Soutter, C. N. Seedhouse, G. Nicol and E. J. Henley.
United States — J. E. Meredith, M. W. Sheppard, E. F. Lindberg and C. D. Reidpath.
Germany — H. Braun, M. Herrmann, E. Lehmann and H. Burkowitz.
France — C. O. C. Pouleriard, P. Falliot, C. L. Lelong and R. Schurrer.
Sweden — J. Dahlin, K. Stenborg, E. Lindholm and P. Zerling.
Hungary — I. Devan, F. Mezei, E. Szerelemhegyi and O. Bodor.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — Great Britain defeated Canada, 3m. 195. Second heat — United States defeated Germany, 3m. 23.35. Third heat — France, i ; Sweden, 2; Hungary, 3; time, 3m. 22.55.
FINAL HEAT. United States, i; France, 2; Great Britain, 3; time, 3m. 163-55.
3000 METERS TEAM RACE.
(3280.833 yards.)
Olympic record — 8m. 36 4-55. ; H. Kolehmainen (Finland team — H. Koleh- mainen, E. Harju, F. W. Johansson, A. Lindholm and A. Stenross). Stockholm Olympiad was the first to have a race at this distance.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TEAMS.
United States — G. V. Bonhag, T. S. Berna, A. R. Kiviat, H. L. Scott and N. S. Taber.
Finland — H. Kolehmainen, E. Harju, F. W. Joha/isson, A. Lindholm and A. Stenroos.
Germany — G. Mickler, G. Amberger, E. von Siegel, J. Person and G. Vietz.
Sweden— B. Fock, N. Frykberg, E. Wide, T. Ohlsson and J. Zander. Great Britain — C. H. A. Porter, E. Owen, G. W. Hutson, W. Cottrell and W. C. Moore.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — United States first, 9 points; Finland second, 12 points. Sec- ond heat — Sweden first, 9 points; Germany second, 12 points. Third heat — Great Britain first, walkover.
FINAL HEAT.
United States first (Berna i, Taber 3, Bonhag 5), 9 points; Sweden second (Ohlsson 2, Wide 4, Fock 7), 13 points; Great Britain third (Cott- rell 6, Hutson 8, Moore 9), 23 points. Time, 8m. 443-53.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM,
SWEDEN, 1912.
Andrew Sockalexis, America, finish- ing fourth in Marathon Race.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM,
SWEDEN, 1912.
S. Jacobson. Sweden, who finished sixth in Marathon Race. His time, 2h. 43m. 24 9-10s.
SI'ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 123
CROSS-COUNTRY RACE.
(About 8,000 meters.-)
An Olympic record cannot be considered, as the number of obstacles and their height has been different in every race.
The cross-country race at Stockholm, 1912, was the first race of this kind on any Olympiad programme. The race was both individual and team.
STOCKHOLM .OLYMPIAD, 1912.
1. H. Kolehmainen, Finland 45m. n 3-55.
2. H. Andersen, Sweden 45m. 44 4-55.
3. J. Eke, Sweden 46m. 37 3-58.
4. J. Eskola, Finland 46m. 54 4-55.
5. J. Ternstrom, Sweden 47m. oo./s.
6. A. Stenroos, Finland 47m. 23 2-53.
7. J. W. Kyronen, Finland 47m. 325.
8. L. Richardson, South Africa. 47m. 33.55.
9. B. Larsson, Sweden 47m. 37 2-55.
i o. J. Sundqvist, Sweden 47m. 403.
11. F. W. Johansson, Finland 48m. 35.
12. H. H. Hellawell, U.S.A 48m. 125.
13. K. Lundstrom, Sweden 48m. 45 2-55.
14. L. Christiansen, Denmark 49m. 6 2-55.
1 5. F. N. Hibbins, Great Britain 49m. 18 1-55.
1 6. E. Glover, Great Britain 49m. 53.78.
1 7. B. Fock, Sweden 5om. 1 5 4-55.
1 8. T. Humphreys, Great Britain 5om. 285.
19. O. Hovdenak, Norway 5om. 40 4-53.
20. P. Finnerud, Norway 5im. 16 1-55.
21. G. Carl<§n, Sweden 5im. 26 4-53.
22. J. Andersen, Norway Sim. 47 2-55.
23. V. Pedersen, Denmark 53m. oo 4-55.
24. H. L. Scott, U.S.A 53m. 512-55.
25. W. Heikkila, Finland 54m. 8s.
TEAM SCORE.
Sweden (2 — 3 — 5) first, 10 points; Finland (i — 4 — 6) second, ir points; Great Britain (15. — 16 — 18) third, 49 points.
10,000 METERS WALK.
(6.21370 miles.)
Olympic record — 46m. 282-55.; G. H. Goulding (Canada), Stockholm, 1912. The only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
TRIAL HEATS.
First Heat.
1. G. H. Goulding, Canada 47m. 141-25.
2. E. J. Webb, Great Britain 47m. 25 2-53.
3. A. Rasmussen, Denmark 48m. 1 5 4-55.
4. F. Altimani, Italy 48m. 54 1-55.
5. W. J. Palmer, Great Britain Sim. 2is.
Sl'ALDIXG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 125
Second Heat.
T. W. G. Yates, Great Britain 49m. 43 3-55.
8, A. C. C. St. Norman, South Africa 5om. 17.95.
3. T. H. Dumbill, Great Britain som. 57 3'5S-
'i \' E. Gylke, Denmark Sim. 13 4-55.
5. F. H. Kaiser, U.S. A Sim. 31 4-SS.
FINAL HEAT.
i G. H. Goulding, Canada 46m. 28 2-55.
2. E. T. Webb, Great Britain 46m. 50 2-53.
3. F. Altimani, Italy 47m. 37 3'5S.
4. A. Rasmussen, Denmark 48m.
Only four men finished.
RUNNING HIGH JUMP.
Olympic record — 6ft. 3-98in.; A. W. Richards (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912.
U' inner s at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, E. W. Clark (U.S.A.), 5 ft. ii i-4in. Paris, 1900, I. K. Baxter (U.S.A.), 6ft. 24-5111. St. Louis, 1904, S. S. Jones (U.S.A.), sft. nin. Athens, 1906, C. Leahy (Great Britain), sft. 9 7-8111. London, 1908, H. F. Porter (U.S.A.), 6ft. 3in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, competitors clearing 183 centimeters (6 feet i -jo inch) qualifying for the final.
SUMMARY.
Richards (U.S.A.), first, 6ft. 3-98in.; Leische (Germany), second, 6ft. 3.i9in.; Horine (U.S.A.), third, 6ft. 2 2-sin.; Thorpe (U.S.A.), fourth, :lt (U.S.A.) and Erickson (U.S.A.), tied for fifth,
6ft. iin.; Grumpe 6ft. i-
STANDING HIGH JUMP.
Olympic record — sft. sin.; Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), Paris, 1900.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; event not on programme.
Paris, 1900, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), sft. sin. St. Louis, 1904, Ray C.
Ewry (U.S.A.), 4ft. nin. Athens, 1906, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), sft.
i s-8in. London, 1908, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), sft. 2in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, competitors clearing 150 centimeters (4 feet ii 1-20 inches) qualifying for the final.
• SUMMARY.
P. Adams (U.S.A.), first, sft. 41-51".; B. W. Adams (U.S.A.), second, 5ft. 3in. ; C. Tsiclitiras (Greece), third, sft. iin. ; L. Goehring (U.S.A.), R. L. Byrd (U.S.A.) and E. Moller (Sweden), tied for fourth, 4ft.
RUNNING BROAD JUMP.
Olympic record — 24ft. n i-sin; A. L. Gutterson (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. Winners at Previous Olympiads— Athens, 1896, E. W. Clark (U.S.A.), 2oft.
9 3*4in. Paris, 1900, A. C. Kraeiizlein (U.S.A.), 23ft. 6 7-Sin. St.
Louis, 1904, M. Prinstein (U.S.A.), 24ft. iin. Athens, 1906, M. Prin-
stein (U.S.A.), 23ft. 7 i-2in. London, 1908, F. C. Irons (U.S.A.);
24ft. 6 i-2in.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 127
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This competition was held in heats, the three men having the best jumps of all the competitors qualifying for the final.
SUMMARY.
A. L. Gutterson (U.S.A.), first, 24ft. n i-sin.; C. D. Bricker (Canada), second, 23ft. Sin. ; G. Aberg (Sweden), third, 23ft. 63-45.; H. T. Worthington (U.S.A.), fourth, 23ft. 63-8in.; E. L. Mercer (U.S.A.), fifth, 22ft. io4-ioin.; F. H. Allen (U.S.A.), sixth, 22ft. 92-10111.; James Thorpe (U.S.A.), seventh, 22ft. 7i-4in.; R. Paseman (Ger- many), eighth, 22ft. 4i-2in.; F. C. Irons (U.S.A.), ninth, 22ft. 37-ioin.; R. F. Bie (Norway), tenth, 22ft. i 3-4in. ; S. S. Abrahams (Great Britain), eleventh, 22ft. n-2oin.; E. L. Farrell (U.S.A.), twelfth, 22ft. 3-2oin.
STANDING BROAD JUMP.
Olympic record — lift. 4 7-8in.; Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; event not on programme. Paris, 1900, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), toft. 6 2-sin. St. Louis, 1904, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), uft. 4 7-8in. Athens, 1906, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), loft. loin. London, 1908, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), loft, n i-4in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, the three men of all the competitors having the best jumps qualifying for the final.
SUMMARY.
C. Tsiclitiras (Greece), first, uft. i-4in.; Platt Adams (U.S.A.), second, uft. 2-sin, ; B. W. Adams (U.S.A.), third, loft. 9 i-sin.; G. Malmsten (Sweden), fourth, loft. 6in.; L. Goehring (U.S.A.) and E. Moller (Sweden), tied for fifth, loft. 3 3-sin.; A. Baronyi (Hungary), sev- enth, loft. 3 i-sin.; R. L. Byrd (U.S.A.), eighth, loft. 24-5111.; F. Fletcher (U.S.A.), ninth, loft. 29-2oin.; A. Motte (France), tenth, loft. 2i-2oin.; S. Ljunggren (Sweden), eleventh, loft, i i3-2oin.; B. Brodtkorb (Norway), twelfth, loft. i-2oin.
RUNNING HOP, STEP AND JUMP.
Olympic record — 48ft. n i-4in. ; T. J. Ahearne (Great Britain), London,
1908. Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, J. B. Connolly (U.S.A.),
45ft. Paris, 1900, M. Prinstein (U.S.A.), 47ft. 4 i-4in. St. Louis,
1904, M. Prinstein (U.S.A.), 47ft. London, 1908, T. J. Ahearne (Great
Britain), 48ft. n i-4in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, the three men having the best jump of all the competitors qualifying for final.
SUMMARY.
G. Lindblom (Sweden), first, 48ft. sin.; G. Aberg (Sweden), second, 47ft. 7in.; E. Almloff (Sweden), third, 46ft. 6in.; E. Winne (Norway), fourth, 46ft. 47-ioin.; P. Adams (U.S.A.), fifth, 46ft. 2 7-ioin.; E. Larsen (Norway), sixth, 46ft. i n-2oin.; H. Ohjsson (Sweden), sev- enth, 4sft. ii n-2oin.; N. Fixdal (Norway), eighth, 4$ft. gin.; C.
SPALBING'S ATHLKTH' LIBRARY. 129
Brickley (U.S.A.;, ninth, 45ft. 6 9-2oin.; G. Norden (Sweden), tenth, 45ft. 37-ioin.; J. Halme (Finland), eleventh, 45ft. ^g-ioin.; I. Lind- holm (Sweden), twelfth, 45ft. ig-2oin.
POLE VAULT.
Olympic record — i2ft. n i-2in.; H. S. Babcock (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, Hoyt (U.S.A.), loft. 9 3-4111. Paris, 1900, I. K. Baxter (U.S.A.), io,ft. 9-9in. St. Louis, 1904, C. E. Dvorak (U.S.A.), nft. 6in. Athens, 1906, Gouder (France), lift. 6in. London, 1908, A. C. Gilbert and E. T. Cooke (U.S.A.), i2ft. 2in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, competitors clearing 365 centimeters (u feet 1 1 3-4 inches) qualifying for the finaf!
SUMMARY.
H. S. Babcock (U.S.A.), first, i2ft. n i-2in.; F. T. Nelson (U.S.A.) and M. S. Wright (U.S.A.), tied for second, i2ft. 7 i-2in.; B. Uggla (Swe- den), F. D. Murphy (U.S.A.) and W. Happenny (Canada), tied for third, i2ft. s.6in.; S. H. Bellah (U.S.A.), fourth, i2ft. 3.6in.; G. B. Dukes (U.S.A.), F. J. Coyle (U.S.A.) and W. H. Fritz (U.S.A.), tied for fifth, lift. ii3-4in.; R. Paseman (Germany), sixth, lift, i.gin.
THROWING JAVELIN— HELD IN MIDDLE. Best Hand.
Olympic record — 2ooft. i n-2oin., J. J. Saaristo (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. ll'inners at Previous Olympiads — London, 1908, E. V. Lemming (Sweden), i79ft. 10 i-i2in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, or groups, the three men with the best throws of all the competitors qualifying for final.
SUMMARY.
E. Lemming (Sweden), won, i98ft. 113-8111.; J. J. Saaristo (Finland), second, igzit. 59-2oin.; M. Kovacs (Hungary), third, i82ft. iin.; J. Halme (Finland), fourth, i79ft. 3.57111.; R. Abrink (Sweden), fifth, i72ft. . i6in. : F. Siikaniemi (Finland), sixth, 171 ft. 3.11 in.; A. Halse (Sweden), seventh, i7oft. 6.45iii.; J. Myyra (Finland), eighth, i68ft. 4.86in.; V. Peltonen (Finland), ninth, i6ift. sin.; O. Nilsson (Swe- den), tenth, i6ift. 4.2iin. ; H. Sonne (Sweden), eleventh, is6ft. u.Ssin. ; D. W. Johanson (Norway), twelfth, is6ft. 2.4oin.
THROWING JAVELIN— HELD IN MIDDLE. Right arfd Left Hand.
Olympic record — 3s8ft. n.86in.; J. T. Saaristo (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. Stockholm, 1912, was the first Olympiad to hold this event.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, or groups, the three competitors having the best totals, that is, the throw with the right hand and the throw with the left hand, added together, qualified for final.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. E. Niklander, Finland, winner of third place in Putting Shot, both hands.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Liesche, Germany, second in Running High Jump.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 131
SUMMARY.
Right Hand. Left Hand. Total.
J. J. Saaristo, .Finland 2ooft. i.57in. isSft. io.29in. 358ft. n.86in.
W. Siikaniemi, Finl'd i77ft. 5.5111. i54ft. 3 i9-2oin. 33ift. 9 9-2oin.
U. Peltonen, Finland. i75ft. 9.84Jn. i53ft. iin. 328ft. io.84Jn.
E. Lemming, Sweden, igift. 4-45in. i32ft. i.O3Jn. 323ft. 5.48in.
A. Holse, Norway.;. iSoft. 7-3iin. i37ft. 4-42in. 3i7ft. ii.73Jn.
R. Abrink, Sweden!, . i64ff. 2.48in. i4ift. 4.osin. 3osft. 6.53in.
D. V. Johansen, Nor. i6oft. o.46in. i44ft. 5.8sin. 3O4ft. 6. 31 in.
O. Nilsson, Sweden.. i64ft. 8.76in. i26ft. n.22Jn. 29ift. 7.98in.
J. Halme, Finland.... iSoft. i.siin. uoft. 4.4oin. 29oft. s.giin.
A. Ohrling, Sweden.. i52ft. 7.o9Jn. i33ft. 4.78in. ^8sft. n.87in.
S. Hogander, Sweden i52it. 2.371*1. i32ft. 6.94in. 284ft. 9-3iin.
N. Kovacs, Hungary.. i82ft. io.48in. looft. 6.69|n. 283ft. 5.i7in.
W. Krigsman, Sw'dn. i53ft. 8.48in. i27ft. 9-46in. 28ift. s.94in.
H. Sonne, Sweden... isgft. o.6sin. logft. 8.2iiii. 268ft. 8.86in.
THROWING DISCUS—FREE STYLE. Best Hand.
Olympic record — i48ft. 3.9in. ; A. R. Taipale (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, R. Garrett (U.S.A.), 9sft.
7 i-2in. Paris, 1900, Bauer (Hungary), n8ft. 2 9-ioin. St. Louis,
1904, M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), i28ft. 10 i-2in. Athens, 1906, M. J.
Sheridan (U.S.A.). i36ft. i-3in. London, 1908, M. J. Sheridan
(U.S.A.), 1 34ft. 2in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, or groups, the three competitors having best throws qualifying for the final.
SUMMARY.
A. R. Taipale (Finland), won, i48ft. 3. gin.; R. L. Byrd (U.S.A.), second, i38ft. ioi-ioin.; J. H. Duncan (U.S.A.), third, i38ft. 8n-2oin.; E. Niklander (Finland), fourth, i38ft. i i-ioin.; H. Tronner (Austria), fifth, i35ft. 3 6-ioin.; A. M. Mucks (U.S.A.), sixth, i34ft. 34-ioin.; G. W. Philbrook (U.S.A.), seventh, i34ft. 3in.; E. Magnusson (Swe- den), eighth, i3oft. n i-4in.; R. Ujlaky (Hungary), ninth, isoft. 77-ioin.; E. Nilsson (Sweden), tenth, i3oft. 26-ioin.; R. Rose (U.S.A.), eleventh, i3oft. iin.; E. J. Muller (U.S.A.), twelfth, i29ft.
THROWING DISCUS— BOTH RIGHT AND LEFT HAND.
Olympic record — 271 ft. lo.igin.; A. R. Taipale (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. Stockholm Olympiad was the first to hold this event.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
The event was held in heats, or groups, the three competitors having the best totals, that is, the throw with right hand and the throw with the left hand, added together, qualified for the final.
SUMMARY.
Right Hand. Left Hand. Total.
A. R. Taipale, Finland.. i46ft. 7 i-2'oin. i2sft. i 8-ioin. 27ift. 10.19111.
E. Niklander, Finland.. i32ft. i 8-ioin. i23ft. 7 9-2oin. 255ft. 9 5-2oin.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Finish of the Team Race. Tel S. Berna, America, winning; Ohlsson, Sweden, second, and Taber, America, third.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Lindberg touching off Reidpath about 20 yards ahead of the French team in the 1600 Meters Relay Race, which was won by the American team mm posed of Meredith. Sheppard, Lindberg and Reidpath
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
133
|
E. Magnusson, Sweden E. Nilsson, Sweden J. H. Duncan, U.S.A.. E. J. Muller, U.S.A... F. Fleetwood, Sweden C Lind Sweden |
U3ft. 1 34ft. i3oft. J3oft. I2lft. I I 2ft. |
i. 63in. 5 3-4in. 6 3-2om. 8 9-10111. 2 7-10111. 2 o-2oin. |
I20ft. 99ft. I02ft. 97ft. I02ft. I loft. |
|
N Lind Sweden |
Ildft |
o 3-2oin. |
io5ft. |
|
G. Nilsson, Sweden... E. Lemming, Sweden . W. Jarvinen, Finland. |
i i ^.i i. 120ft. I 24ft. I 24ft. |
1 1 3-2oin. 2 i i-2oin. i n-2oin. |
99ft. 95ft. 94ft. |
8.42in. 253ft. lo.osin.
9 i-4in. 234ft. ain.
10 s-2oin. 233ft. 4 4-1 oin.
6 9-2oin. 228ft. 3 7-2oiii.
7 i-ioin. 223ft. 9 8-ioin.
11 i-2in. 223ft. i 19-20111. 4 1 1 -20111. 22oft. i 7-10111. 2 3-2oin. 22oft. i 3-ioin.
10 8-2ojn. 22oft. 19-20111.
7 8-ioin. 2 1 8ft. 9 7-20111.
SHOT PUT— BEST HAND.
(16 pounds.)
Olympic record — soft. 3-9in.; P. McDonald (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, R. Garrett (U.S.A.), 36ft. 2in. Paris, 1900, R. Sheldon (U.S.A.), 46ft. 3 i-8in. St. Louis, 1904, R. Rose (U.S.A.), 48ft. 7in. Athens, 1906, M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), 4oft. 4 4-sin. London, 1908, R. Rose (U.S.A.), 46ft. 7 i-2in.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
This event was held in heats, the three men with the best put of all the competitors qualifying for the final.
SUMMARY.
P. McDonald (U.S.A.), first, soft. 3 9-ioin., R. Rose (U.S.A.), second, soft. 2-sin.; L. A. Whitney (U.S.A.), third, 45ft. 82-sin.; E. Niklander (Finland), fourth, 44ft. 94-ioin.; G. W. Philbrook (U.S.A.), fifth, 43ft. 9-ioin.; I. Mudin (Hungary), sixth, 42ft. 3-ioin. ; E. Nilsson (Sweden), seventh, 4ift. 4i7-2oin.; P. Quinn (Great Britain), eighth, 4ift. i 3-ioin.; A. Tison (France), ninth, 4oft. 86-ioin.; P. Aho (Finland), tenth, 4oft. 82-ioin.; M. Dorizas (Greece), eleventh, 3oft. 6 4-1 oin.; A. Lenzi (Italy), twelfth, 37ft. n i-2in.
SHOT PUT— RIGHT AND LEFT HAND.
Ol\mpic record — Right hand, 49ft. 6. sin. ; left hand, 4oft. lo.gin.; both hands, 9oft. 5-4in.; R. Rose (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. Stockholm, 1912, was the first Olympiad to have this event on its programme.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
The event was held in heats, the three men having the best puts of all the competitors qualifying for the final.
SUMMARY.
|
Right Hand. |
Left Hand. |
Total. |
||||||||
|
R. |
Rose, U.S.A |
49ft. |
6 |
-Sin. |
4oft. |
io-9in. |
9oft. |
5. |
,4111. |
|
|
P. |
McDonald, U.S.A |
49ft. |
ij |
4oft. |
10 |
3:2oin. |
9oft. |
3 |
17-20111. |
|
|
E. |
Niklander, Finland. . . |
48ft. |
3 |
.Sin. |
4oft. |
8 |
.9in. |
89ft. |
.osin. |
|
|
L. |
A. Whitney, U.S.A.. |
44ft. |
2 |
7-ioin. |
34ft. |
1 1 |
7- 1 oin. |
79ft. |
2 |
4-10111. |
|
E. |
Nilsson, Sweden |
4 1 ft. |
9-ioin. |
35ft. |
7 |
3-2oin. |
76ft. |
8 |
i-2oin. |
|
|
G |
Aho, Finland |
41 ft. |
8 |
i-A.in |
34ft. |
8 |
i i-2oin. |
76ft. |
5 |
3-ioin. |
|
M. |
Megherian, Turkey. |
. 35ft. |
7 |
3-2oin. |
33ft. |
5 |
n-2oin. |
69ft. |
7- 1 oin. |
THROWING 16-LB. HAMMER.
Olympic record — i79ft. 7.nn. ; M. J. McGrath (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912.
U7inners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; event not on programme. Paris, 1900, J. J. Flanagan (U.S.A.), i67ft. 4in. St. Louis, 1904, J. J. Flanagan (U.S.A.), i68ft. lin. Athens, 1906; event not on programme, London, 1908, J. j. Flanagan (U.S.A.), i7oft. 4 1-4111.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Final of the 1500 Meters Run. A. N. S. Jackson, Great Britain, winning A. R. Kiviat, America, second; N. S. Taber, America, third, and J. F Jones, America, fourth. Time, 3m. 56 4-5s.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Finish of the 5,000 Meters Run. Hans Kolehmainen of Finland, defeating Jean Bouin of France. Time, 14iu. 36 3-5s.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 135
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
The event \vas held in heats, or groups, the three men having the best throws to qualify for final.
SUMMARY.
M. J. McGrath (U.S.A.), first, i79ft. 7-iin.; Duncan Gillis (Canada), sec- ond, isSft. 9 i-2\n.', C. C. Childa (I'.S.A.), third, isSft. 9-2oin.; C. J. Liiul (Sweden), fourth, i49_ft. 7 13-20111.; R. Rose (U.S.A.), fifth, i39ft. 87-2oin.; A. Aberg (Sweden), sixth, i34ft. io-i-2in.; B. F. Shrrman (U.S.A.), seventh, izjii. 27-20111.; W. Hackberg (Sweden), eighth, i26ft. i 2-sin.
TUG-OF-WAR.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; event not on programme. Paris, 1900, United States. St. Louis, 1904, United States. Athens, 1906, Germany. London, 1908, Great Britain. Stockholm, 1912, Sweden.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. Sweden won from Great Britain in two straight pulls.
PENTATHLON, OR ALL-AROUND COMPETITION.
Athens, 1906, was the only previous Olympiad to hold a Pentathlon, which consisted of the following competitions: Standing broad jump, throwing discus (Greek style), throwing javelin (free style), running i Olympic stade (192 meters), and wrestling (Graeco-Rornan). It was won by H. Mellander, Sweden. At Stockholm, 1912, the events were: Running broad jump, throwing the javelin, running 200 meters, throwing the discus and running 1,500 meters. It was won by James Thorpe, U.S.A. The scoring at Stockholm was done by points — i for first, 2 for second, 3 for third, etc., for each event — the competitor scoring the lowest number, win- ning. After the discus throwing all the competitors were eliminated except the six with lowest number of points, two men being tied for sixth place. Seven started in the 1,500 meters run. (See complete table of scores on page 137.)
DECATHLON, OR ALL-AROUND COMPETITION.
Stockholm, 1912, was the first Olympiad to hold this event. It consisted of 100 meters run, running broad jump, putting the shot, running high jump, 400 meters run, no meters hurdle, throwing the discus, pole vault, throwing the javelin, and 1,500 meters run. The competitors' perform- ances were figured by percentages. The full scores of the first six men are tabulated on page 139.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
K. K. McArthur, South Africa, winning the Marathon Race.
Time, 2h. 36rn. 54 4:5s.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
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EVENTS |
Place . . RUN. BROAD JUMP Performance. |
Place. .. JAVELIN Performance. |
Place . . . 200 METERS Performance. |
Place . . . DISCUS Performance. |
Place . . . 1500 METERS Performance. |
POINTS.... |
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. Louis Tewanima, America, finishing second to Kolehmainen in 10,000 Meters
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. Colliding leading Webb in the 10,000 Meters Walk.
SPALDTNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
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19ft. 7.4in. 632.50 |
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9ft. 9.95in. 734 |
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7,724.495 |
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121ft. 3.9in. 829.76 |
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8,412.955 |
completed the t way, 6,682.445; 1 |
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EVENTS |
100 METERS .. |
RUN.BROADJ |
1 1 w |
1-7) g 8 SD |
400 METERS.. |
110 MET. HUR] |
DISCUS |
POLE VAULT |
JAVELIN |
1500 METERS. |
POINTS. |
Other compt 6,758.780; 9th, F. |
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Gaston Strobino, the first American home in the Marathon Race, and Man- ager M. P. Halpin, taken shortly after Strobino finished.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 141
MARATHON RACE
(About 25 Miles.)
An Olympic record cannot be considered on account of the differ- ence in the roads, as to grades, etc., of the various courses.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, S. Loues (Greece), ah. 55m. 2os. Paris, 1900, Teato (France), 2h. 59m. St. Louis, 1904, T. J. Hicks (U.S.A.), 3h. 28m. 535. Athens, 1906, W. J. Sherring (Canada), 2h. sim. 23 3-55. London, 1908, J. J. Hayes (U.S.A.), 2h. 55m. 182-53.
STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912.
1. K. K. McArthur, South Africa 2h. 36m. 54 4-55,
2. C. W. Gitsham, South Africa 2h. 37111. 525.
3. G. Strobino, U.S. A 2h. 3801. 42 2-55.
4. A. Sockalexis, U.S. A 2h. 42m. 7.95.
5. J. Duffy, Canada 2h. 42m. 18 4-53.
6. S. Jacobsson, Sweden 2h. 43m. 24.95.
7. J. J. Gallagher, U.S. A 2h. 44m. 19 2-55.
8. J. Erxleben, U.S.A 2h. 4sm. 47 1-55.
9. R. F. Piggott, U.S.A. . ah. 46m. 40.73.
10. J. Forshaw, U.S.A 2h. 49m. 49 2-53. '
11. E. Fabre, Canada 2h. som. 36 1-55.
12. C. H. DeMar, U.S.A 2h. 5om. 463-55.
13. Boissiere, France 2h. 5im. 6.6s.
14. H. Green, Great Britain 2h. 5201. n 2-53.
15. H. J. Smith, U.S.A ah. 52111. 134-53.
1 6. W. C. Forsyth, Canada 2h. 52m. 233.
17. L. Tewanima, U.S.A 2h. 52m. 41 2-55.
18. T. H. Lilley, U.S.A ah. 59m. 35 2-58.
19. A. Townsend, Great Britain 3)1. oom. 58.
20. F. Kivieton, Austria 3h. oom. 483.
21. F. Lord, Great Britain 3h. im. 39 1-53.
22. J. Westberg, Sweden 3h. 2m. 5 1-53.
23. A. Simonsen, Norway 3h. 4m. 59 2-55.
24. C. Andersson, Sweden 3h. 6m. 133.
25. E. W. Lloyd, Great Britain 3h. 9m. 253.
26. H. P. Sakellaropoulos, Greece 3h. nm. 375.
27. Hj. Dahlberg, Sweden 3h. 13111. 32 1-55.
28. I. Lundberg, Sweden 3h. i6m. 35 1-53.
29. J. Christensen, Denmark 3h. 2im. 57 2-53*
30. O. Lodal, Denmark. ...... 3h. 2im. 57 3-53.
31. O. Karpati, Hungary 3h. 24m. 21 3-53.
32. C. Nilsson, Sweden 3h. 26m. 56 2-55
33. E. Rath, Austria 3h. 27m. 3 4-53
34. O. Osen, Norway 311. 36m. 35 1-53.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 143
OLYMPIC RECORDS FOR EVENTS NOT ON STOCKHOLM PROGRAMME.
60 METERS RUN.
(65 yards 22 1-5 inches.)
Olympic record — 75.; A. C. Kraenzlein (U.S.A.), Paris, 1900, and A. Hahn
(U.S.A.) St. Louis, 1904.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; no race at this distance.
Paris, 1900, A. C. Kraenzlein (U.S.A.), 75. St. Louis, 1904, A. Hahn
(U.S.A.), 75. Athens, 1906; London, 1908; Stockholm, 1912; no race
at this distance.
200 METERS HURDLE.
(218 yards 26 inches.)
Olympic record — 243-55.; H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904. No other Olympiad had the event on its programme.
400 METERS HURDLE.
(437 yards 1 6 inches.)
Olympic records — (aft. hurdle), 553.; C. J. Bacon (U.S.A.), London, 1908; (2ft. 6in. hurdle), 535., H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; no hurdle race at this dis- tance. Paris, 1900 (3ft. hurdles), J. W. B. Tewksbury (U.S.A.), 573-SS. St. Louis, 1904 (2ft. 6in. hurdles), H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), 535. Athens, 1906; no hurdle race at this distance. London, 1908 (3ft. hurdles), C. J. Bacon (U.S.A.), 555. Stockholm, 1912; no hurdle race at this distance.
5 MILES RUN.
Olympic record — 25m. u 1-55.; E. R. Voigt (Great Britain), London, 1908.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; Paris, 1900; St. Louis, 1904; no race at this distance. Athens, 1906, H. Hawtry (Great Britain), 26m. 26 1-53. London, 1908, E. R. Voigt (Great Britain), 25m. u 1-55. Stockholm, 1912; no race at this distance.
TEAM RACES.
The following team races were not on the programme at Stockholm in
1912, but are given as a matter of record.
Olympic records — Athens, 1906; team race not on programme. Paris, 1900, 5000 meters, won by Great Britain. St. Louis, 1904, 4 miles, won by A. L. Newton (United States team— A. L. Newton, G. B. Underwood, H. V. Valentine, P. H. Pilgrim and D. C. Munson), 2im. 174-58. Athens, 1906; no team races on programme. London, 1908 — 3 miles, J. E. Deakin (Great Britain team— J. E. Deakin, A. J. Robertson and W. Coales), 14111. 39 3-53.
OLYMPIC GAMES 'AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
American Point Winners in the Pole Vault— 1, Frank P. Nelson. Harvard Law School, formerly of Yale, second; 2, H. S. Babcock, Columbia University, first; 3, M. S. Wright, Dartmouth College, third
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 145
1500 METERS WALK.
(1640 yards 15 inches.)
Olympic record — 7m. 123-55.; G. V. Bonhag (U.S.A.), Athens, 1906. The only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance.
3500 METERS WALK.
(2 miles 307 yards 23 inches.)
Olympic record — i4m. 555.; G. E. Larner (Great Britain), London, 1908. The only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance.
10 MILES WALK.
Olympic record— ih. ism. 572-55.; G. E. Larner (Great Britain), London, 1908. The only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance.
STANDING TRIPLE JUMP.
Olympic record — 34ft. 8 i-2in. ; Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), Paris, 1900.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; event not on programme. Paris, 1900, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), 34ft. 8 i-2in. St. Louis, 1904, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), 34it. 7 i-2in. London, 1908; Stockholm,* 1912; event not on programme.
STEEPLECHASE.
An Olympic record cannot be considered, as the number of obstacles and
their height has been different in every race.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896; no steeplechase on pro- gramme. Paris, 1900, 2,500 meters (im. 974yds. iin.), G. W. Orton (U.S.A.), 7m. 345. ; 4,000 meters (2m. 854yds. i6in.), C. Rimmer (Great Britain), i2m. 582-55. St. Louis, 1904, 2,500 meters (im. 974yds. iin.), J. D. Lightbody (U.S.A.), 7m. 39 3-55. Athens, 1906; no steeplechase on programme. London, 1908, 3,500 meters (2m. 307yds. 23in.), A. Russell (Great Britain), lorn. 474-55. Stockholm, 1912; no steeplechase on programme.
THROWING JAVELIN— FREE STYLE.
Olympic record — i78ft. 7 i-2in.; E. V. Lemming (Sweden), London, 190*. Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1906, E. V. Lemming (Sweden),
1 75ft. 6in. London, 1908, E. V. Lemming (Sweden), i78ft. 7 i-zin.
This event was not held at the other Olympiads.
THROWING DISCUS— GREEK STYLE.
Olympic record — i24ft. Sin. ; M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), London, 1908.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1906, W. Jarvinen (Finland),
iiSft. 4in. London, 1908, M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), i24ft. Sin. This
event was not held at the other Olympiads.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 147
THROWING 56-LB. WEIGHT.
Olympic record — 34ft. 4in.; E. Desmarteau (Canada), St. Louis, 1904. No other Olympiad had the event on its programme.
THROWING THE STONE. Fourteen Pounds, with Limited Run and Follow.
Olympic record — 6sft. 4i-sin.; G. Georgantas (Greece), Athens, 1906. No other Olympiad had this event on its programme.
WEIGHT LIFTING— ONE HAND.
Olympic record — i683-5lbs.; Steinbach (Austria), Athens, 1906.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, L. Elliott (Great Britain),
156 i-2lbs. Paris, 1900; event not on programme. St. Louis, 1904, O.
C. Osthoff (U.S.A.). Athens, 1906, Steinbach (Austria), 168 3-slbs.
London, 1908; event not on programme. Stockholm, 1912; event not
on programme.
WEIGHT LIFTING— TWO HANDS.
Olympic record — 313 7-81bs. ; D. Tofalos (Greece), Athens, 1906.
Winners at Previous Olympiads — Athens, 1896, V. Jensen (Denmark), 245 2-3lbs. Paris, 1900; event not on programme. St. Louis, 1904, P. Lakousis (Greece), 2461bs. Athens, 1906, D. Tofalos (Greece), 313 7-iolbs. London, 1908; Stockholm, 1912; event not on programme.
ROPE CLIMBING.
(39 feet 9 3-5 inches.)
Athens, 1906, was the only Olympiad that held this event; won by G. AJiprantis (Greece); 112-55.
OTTO WAHLE. Advisory Member on Swimming, Olympic Championships, 1912.
SPALDING'S ATHLKTK' LIBRARY. 149
OLYMPIC SWIMMING
BY OTTO WAHLE, Advisory Member on Swimming.
The swimming events of the Olympic Games in 1912 undoubt- edly surpassed those of any other Olympic Games.
The international competition was unique and the swimming course could not have been better. It might be mentioned that it could have only been improved upon by using strings at a height of about five or six feet from the surface of the water, running the whole length of the course. These are being used in Germany and are a great help to the backstroke swimmers.
To review the swimming events of previous Olympic Games: In 1896, at Athens, international competition consisted of three men whose performances in their own native countries were only mediocre in comparison with the world's records existing at that time. The course was very unsatisfactory and the water very cold.
In Paris, in 1900, international competition increased con- siderably, the course, on the other hand, being in running water (the river Seine), robbed the performances of any significance, and the management left almost everything to be desired.
In St. Louis, in 1904, the course as weif as the management were satisfactory, but international competition was very in- ferior, thus robbing the races of a great deal of their importance.
London, 1908, showed a great deal of improvement in inter- national competition and furnished the best course of any up to that date. However, the international competition cannot be compared with Stockholm. Australia had only one man, their great sprinters being absent. Their relay was composed of one swimmer and three other Australians who happened to be in 'London at that time. Germany was not represented in the sprints or the relay.
In Stockholm we found every swimmer who had ever made, a name for himself, excepting C. M. Daniels, who had retired permanently. To reason out how he would have fared is idle speculation, as his time in 1908 would hardly furnish a fair basis for comparison. He won after a loss of two yards at the start, and as he has never specialized outdoor swimming, there is no telling how much he could improve upon his best time in open water.
The most remarkable appearances at Stockholm were undoubt- edly those of the Canadian, G. R. Hodgson, winner of the 400
SPALDING'8 ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 151
and 1500 meter, races, and the United States representative, Duke Kahanamoku, who made the best sprinters of the world look like novices.
The 400 and 1500 meter races were robbed of a great deal of interest, through the illness of the Australian, William Long- worth, whose remarkable performances in Australia had attracted general attention. It was no doubt a hard blow to Australia, but it can hardly be said to have altered the final scores at all. It is not probable that Longworth could have beaten Hodgson, and it is even doubtful that he could have beaten that wonderful English swimmer, J. G. Hatfield. The latter is undoubtedly the best swimmer England ever had.
The keenness of the competition is shown best by the fact that B. von Lastorres of Hungary, by far the best swimmer which the continent of Europe ever produced, and a man who is able to swim a mile in approximately twenty-four minutes thirty seconds, did not get a place in either the 400 or 1500 meter races-
The diving competitions furnished an exceedingly interesting display. The Swedish divers were a partial disappointment, as their performances did not justify the reputation that had pre- ceded them.
On the other hand, the showing of the German divers was remarkable. It should be mentioned that they were handicapped somewhat by the uncomprehensible ideas of form prevailing in their own country. The German ideas of diving require a diver to remain in a position with his chest hollowed and his head thrown back until he disappears in the water. The consequence of this is that a diving competition in Germany resembles a continuous explosion of submarine mines. The Germans adapted themselves wonderfully to making a clean entry into the water, and the final scores in the high and plain diving do not represent the relative merits of the German divers in comparison with the Swedes.
The American representatives, G. W. Gaidzik and Arthur McAleenan, Jr., were out of form. A little canvas tank improvised on the S.S. "Finland" proved to be. a great help to the swimmers, but the divers were unable to do any useful practice from the day they left New York, June 14, until they arrived in Stockholm, July I, and the remaining week was insuf- ficient to enable them to regain their form. In best form our divers are undoubtedly in the same class with the prize winners at Stockholm, on the springboard as well as in high diving.
The success of the American team must be considered as highly gratifying. While only fifth place was secured, according
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OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
\V alter Bathe, Germany; winner of 200 meters and 400 meters, breast stroke in world's record times.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAE*.
153
to the total number of points, behind Germany, Sweden, England and Australia, an analysis of these totals will throw a different light on the respective merits of the final point scores. The points of Germany and Sweden were scored in the diving and breast stroke races; England won the water polo and the ladies' team race. These competitions do not compare in importance with those in which the American team scored.
The most important events were undoubtedly the 100, 400 and 1500 meters swims and the 800 meters relay race. Considering these races only, America, with one first, one second and one third place, scored six points, the same number which Canada scored with two victories ; a score which was only surpassed by Australia, with seven points. England scored five points in these races and Sweden and Germany did not score at all.
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Australia |
Austria |
Belgium |
Canada |
England |
Germany |
Sweden |
< e/5 P |
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100 meters |
2 1 1 3 5 12 |
1 1 |
1 1 |
3 3 6 |
2 2 1 1 3 1 3 14 |
6 3 3 2 6 2 |
2 6 4 5 2 |
4 2 3 |
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800 meters relay . |
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200. meters, breast stroke 400 meters, breast stroke 100 meters, back stroke |
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Plain high diving |
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Fancy high diving .... |
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Springboard diving. . |
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100 meters, ladies' |
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400 meters ladies' relay |
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Ladies' plain high diving |
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Water polo |
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22 |
19 |
9 |
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Duke P. Kahanamoku, Honolulu, H. I.; winner of 100 meters swim and mem- ber of the American relay team which finished second; holder of world's record for 100 meters.
s, hurdles — F. C. V. Lane, Australia.
s, back stroke— -E. Hoppenberg, Germany.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 155
SWIMMING, STOCKHOLM, 1912
COMPILED BY OTTO WAHLE, NEW YORK.
1896, AT ATHENS (IN THE BAY). 100 meters — Alfred Guttmann, Hungary. 500 meters — Paul Neuman, Austria. 1 200 meters — Alfred Guttman, Hungary.
(Excepting Greeks, the competition consisted of three men.)
1900, AT PARIS (IN THE RIVER SEINE). 200 mete s — F. C. V. ^Lane, Australia. 200 mete
1000 mete s — J. A. Jarvis, England. 4000 mete s — J. A. Jarvis, England. Relay race — Germany defeated France. The English team appeared too late
to compete. They were incorrectly informed about the hour for which
the beginning of the race was scheduled.
1904, AT ST. LOUIS.
Open, Still Water, no Yards Course.
50 yards — Z. de Halmay, Hungary (after a dead heat with J. Scott Leary,
San Francisco), 285.
100 yards — Z. de Halmay, Hungary, im. 2 4-55. 220 yards — C. M. Daniels, United States, 2m. 44 1-55. 440 yards — C. M. Daniels, United States, 6m. i6s. 880 yards- — E. Rausch, Germany, 1301. -us. i mile — E. Rausch, Germany, 27m. 18 3-58. 100 yards, back stroke — W. Brack, Germany, im. 16 4-55. 440 yards, breast stroke — G. Zacharias, Germany, 7m. 275. 200 yards, club relay (4 men, 50 yards each) — New York A.C. team (J. A.
Ruddy, L. B. Goodwin. L. deB. Handley, C. M. Daniels), 2m. 1-55. Diving — Dr. G. Sheldon, United States.
1906, AT ATHENS (IN THE BAY).
100 meters — C. M. Daniels (U.S.A.), im. 135., won; Z. de Halmay (Eng- land), second; Cecil Healy (Australia), third.
400 meters — Otto Scheff (Austria), 6m. 234-55., won; H. Taylor (Eng- land), second; J. A. Jarvis (England), third.
i mile — Henry Taylor (England), 28m. 285., won; J. A. Jarvis (England), second; Otto Scheff (Austria), third.
Relay, 4 men (250 meters each) — Hungary (L. Bruckner, J. Onody, G. Kiss, Z. de Halmay), i6m. 52 2-55., won; Germany (Bahnmeyer, Paps, Rausch, Schiele), i7m. 16 1-55., second; England (Derbyshire, II. Taylor, J. A. Jarvis, W. Henry), third.
Diving — G. Walz (Germany), won; Hoffmann (Germany), second; Satzin- ger (Austria), third.
1908, AT LONDON. 100 Meters (109 yards i foot), Open Still Water Course.
100 meters — C. M. Daniels (U.S.A.), im. 5 3-58., won; Z. de Halmay (Hungary), im. 6 1-55., second; H. Julin (Sweden), imv 8s., third.
400 meters— -H. Taylor (England), sm. 364-55., won; F. E. Beaurepaire (Australia), sm. 445., second; Otto Scheff (Austria), sm. 465., third;
sm. 445., England),
W. Foster (England), fourth.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912
H. J. Hebner, Illinois Athletic Club, Chicago; winner of 100 meters, back stroke, race and member of American team ^vhich finished second,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 157
1500 meters — H. Taylor (England), 22m. 482-55., won; T. S. Battersby
(England), 22m. 51 1-55., second; F. E. Beaurepaire (Australia), 22m.
56 1-55., third. 800 meters relay — England (W. Foster, P. Radmilovic, J. H. Derbyshire
and H. Taylor), lom. 55 3-55., won; Hungary (J. Munk, I. Zachar,
B. Lastorres and Z. de Halmay), xom. 595., second; United States (H.
J. Hebner, L. B. Goodwin, C. M. Daniels and L. G. Rich), nm. 24-55.,
third. 200 meters, breast stroke — F. Holman (England), 3m. 9 1-53., won; W. W.
Robinson (England). 3m. 124-55., second; P. Hanson (Sweden), 3m.
14 3-55., third. 100 meters, back stroke — A. Bieberstein (Germany), im. 24 3-55., won; L.
Dam (Denmark), im. 26 3-55., second; H. N. Haresnape (England),
third. Springboard diving — A. Ziirner (Germany), 85.5 points, won; R. Behrens
(Germany), 85.3 points, second; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.) and ,G. Walz
(Germany), tied for third place at 80.8 points. High fancy diving — Johansson (Sweden), 83.70 points, won; K. Malstrom
(Sweden), second; A. Spangberg (Sweden), 74 points, third.
DAILY PROGRAMME, STOCKHOLM, 1912.
Saturday, July 6, beginning at 7 P. M. — 100 meters, free style, eight heats;
1,500 meters, first, second and third heats; plain high diving, first and
second heats. Sunday, July 7, beginning at 12.30 P. M. — 100 meters, free style, second
round, three heats; plain high diving, third and fourth heats; 200
meters, breast stroke, first, second and third heats; water polo. Sunday, July 7, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 200 meters, breast stroke, fourth
and fifth heats; 100 meters, free style, semi-finals, first and second
heats; 1,500 meters, fifth heat. Monday, July 8, beginning at 12.30 P. M. — 400 meters, breast stroke, first,
second and third heats; water polo. Monday, July 8, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 400 meters, breast stroke, fourth
and fifth heats; springboard diving, heats; ladies' race, 100 meters,
first and second heats. Tuesday, July 9, beginning at 12.30 P. M. — 100 meters, ladies' race, third,
fourth and fifth heats; ipq meters, back stroke, first, second and third
heats; 1,500 meters, semi-finals, two heats; water polo. Tuesday, July 9, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 100 meters, back stroke, fourth
and fifth heats; springboard diving, final heat; 200 meters, breast
stroke, semi-final, • two heats; 100 meters, free style, semi-final, three
heats. Wednesday, July 10, beginning at 12.30 P. M. — Plain high diving for
ladies, one heat; water polo. Wednesday, July 10, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 100 meters, back stroke,
semi-final, two heats; plain high diving for ladies, two heats; 200
meters, breast stroke, final heat; 1,500 meters, final heat; 100 meters,
free style, final heat; water polo.
Thursday, July u, beginning at 12.30 P. M. — 100 meters, for ladies, semi- final, two heats; 400 meters, free style, first, second, third and fourth
heats. Thursday, July n, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 400 meters, free style, fifth
and sixth heats; plain high diving, final heat; 400 meters, breast
stroke, semi-final, two heats; water polo. Friday, July 12, beginning at 12.30 P. M. — Fancy high diving, first and
second heats. Friday, July 12, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 800 meters relay race, two
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. Australasian relay team; winners of 8<K> meters relay race; 1, Leslie Board- man; 2, Cecil Healy, and :t. H. II. Ihmlwick, Sydney, N.S.W.; 4, M. Uiaiu nion, New Zealand.
SFALDING'S ATHLETIC JJKUAKY. 159
heats; too meters, for ladies, final heat; 400 meters, breast stroke,
final heat; fancy high diving, third heat.
Saturday, July 13, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 400 meters, free style, semi- final, two heats; plain high diving, for ladies, final heat; 100 meters.
back stroke, final heat; water polo. Sunday, July 14, beginning at 7.30 P. M. — 400 meters, free style, final
heat; water polo. Monday, July 15, 12.30 P. M. — Ladies' relay race, 400 meters, final heat,
fancy high diving, final heat; 800 meters relay, final heat; water polo. Monday,' July 15, 7.30 P. M.— 300 meters record attempt by Miss 1<\
Durack, Australia. Tuesday, July 16, 12.30 P. M. — Water polo.
100 METERS— FREE STYLE.
(109.3611 yards.) Olympic record — im. 22-55.; Duke P. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), Sweden, 1912.
First round, July 6, evening; first, second and the fastest third to qualify for the second round.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — L. Beleznay (Hungary), im. 8s., won; Robert Andersson (Sweden), im. 9 2-55., second; Andre Assimacopoulo (Greece), im. 15 2-55., third. Second heat — C. Bretting (Germany), im. 75., won; P. Radmilovics (Great Britain), im. 102-55., second; Theo. Tarta- kover (Australia), im. 12 1-55., third; Jules Wuyts (Belgium), im. I33-5S., fourth. Third heat — L. Boardman (Australia), im. 6s., won; N. T. Nerich (U.S.A.), im. 73-53., second; J. H. Derbyshire (Great Britain), im. 9 1-55., third; A. Kenyery (Hungary), im. io.is., fourth; D. Baiardo (Italy), fifth. Fourth heat — P. McGillivray (U.S.A.), im. 44-55., won; C. Healy (Australia), im. 51-55., second; K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 6 1-53., third. Fifth heat — Duke P. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), im. 2 3-55., won; William Longworth (Australia), im. 5 1-53., second; H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 10 2-55., third; G. Meister (France), im. 16 3-55., fourth. Sixth heat — H. H. Hardwick (Aus- tralia), im. 5 4-55., won; M. Ritter (Germany), im. 8s., second; H. Meyboom (Belgium), im. 15 2-55., third; J. H. Reilly (U.S.A.), fourth. Seventh heat— W. Ramme (Germany), im. 10 1-55., won; M. Massa (Italy) and H. Julin (Sweden), tied for second, im. 114-58.; J. H. Johnsen (Norway), im. 19.15., fourth. Eighth heat — Erik Bergqvist (Sweden), im. 132-55., won; G. Rigal (France), im. 174-55., second; only two starters. K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 6 1-55., qualified as the fastest third.
Second round, July 7, noon; first, second and the fastest third to qualify for semi-final heat.
First heat — C. Bretting (Germany), im. 4 1-55., won; William Longworth (Australia), im. 5 1-53., second; H. Hardwick (Australia), im. 6s., third; R. Andersson (Sweden), im. 9.53., fourth. Second heat—* Duke P. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), im. 34-55., won; W. Ramme (Ger- many), im. 74-55., second; M. Ritter (Germany), im. 84-55., third; N. f. Nerich (U.S.A.), im. 84-55., fourth. Third heat — K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 41-55., won; P. McGillivray (U.S.A.), im. 42-53., sec- ond; C. Healy (Australia), im. 44-58., third; L. Boardman (Aus- tralia), im. 5 2-53., fourth; P. Radmilovics (Great Britain), fifth. C. Healy (Australia), im. 44-55., qualified as fistest third.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 161
SEMI-FINALS. Two heats, July 7, evening.
Owing to a misunderstanding, believing that this round would not be swum, the American swimmers, Kahanamoku, Huszagh and McGillivray, were absent. Upon a protest, a special heat for these men and M. Massa, Italy, was arranged for July 9.
Two heats, July 7; first, second and fastest third qualify for final.
First heat — C. Healy (Australia), im. 5 3-53., won; W. Ramme (Ger- many), im. 5 4-55., second; W. Longworth (Australia), im. 6 1-55., third. McGillivray (U.S.A.) did not start. Second heat — C. Bretting (Germany), walkover, im. 43-55. Duke Kahanamoku (U.S.A.) and K. Huszagh (U.S.A.) did not start.
SEMI-FINAL, JULY 9, EVENING.
Winner and second qualify only if winner's time is not slower than
im. 6 1-55.
D. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), im. 22-55., won; K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 6 1-55., second; P. McGillivray (U.S. A), im. 6 1-55., third; M. Massa (Italy), fourth. Huszagh was placed second; same time for second and third.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 10, EVENING.
Duke P. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), im. 3 2-55., won; C. Healy (Australia), im. 43-53., second; K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 5 3"5s., third; K. Bret- ting (Germany), im. 5 4-55., fourth; W. Ramme (Germany), im. 6 2-53., fifth. Bretting made one false start.
Germany protested, owing to a collision between Huszagh and Bretting. Protest overruled by International Jury, because it referred to judges' decision. The judges stated that both swam out of their course and hin- dered each other equally. Kahanamoku led at 50 yards by nearly 3 yards, but tired in the last 20 yards, winning finally by about 2 yardsr
100 METERS BACK STROKE.
(109.3611 yards.) Olympic record — im. 204-53.; H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912.
First, second and third heats, July 9, noon; fourth and fifth heats, evening.
First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat— H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 2is., won; O. Gross (Germany), im. 245., second; A. Bergman (Sweden), im. 33 4"5S., third. O. Schiele (Germany), third, disqualified for turning on his breast. Sec- ond heat — O. Fahr (Germany), im. 225., won; G. H. Webster (Great Britain), im. 294-55., second; J. Wenk (Hungary), im. 265., disquali- fied. Third heat — A. Baronyi (Hungary), im. 223., won; P. Kellner (Germany), im. 265., second; O. Gregoire (Belgium), im. 29 4-53., third. Fourth heat — H. N. Haresnape (Great Britain), im. 275., won; E. Schultze (Germany), im. 273-55., second; G. Sundman (Sweden), im. 31 1-55., third. Fifth heat — L. Szentgrothy (Hungary), im. 26 3-53., won; F. Sandon (Great Britain), im. 31 4-55., second; only two starters.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Perry McGillivray, Illinois A.C., Chicago; member of relay team which finished second; also winner of 100 yards championship of England.
. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 163
SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 10, EVENING.
First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat.
First heat — H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 204-55., won; O. Fahr (Ger- many), im. 21 4-55., second; A. Baronyi (Hungary), im. 26 1-55., third: E. Schultze (Germany), fourth; L. Szentgrothy (Hungary), fifth; G. H. Webster (Great Britain), sixth. Second heat — O. Gross (Ger- many), im. 265., won; P. Kellner (Germany), im. 26 1-53., second; H. N. Haresnape (Great Britain), im. 264-55., third; F. Sandon (Great Britain), fourth; G. Sundman (Sweden), fifth.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 13, EVENING.
H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 21 1-55., won; Otto Fahr (Germany), im. 222-55., second; F. Kellner (Germany), im. 245., third; A. Baronyi (Hungary), im. 251-55., fourth; O. Gross (Germany), im. 254-55., fifth. Fahr made one false start.
200 METERS BREAST STROKE.
(218.7222 yards.) Olympic record — 3in. 14-55.; W. Bathe (Germany), Stockholm, 1912.
First, second, third and fourth heats, July 7, noon; fifth and sixth heats, evening.
First, second and fastest third to qualify for semi-final heat. TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — W. Liitzow (Germany), 3m. 72-55., won; T. Henning (Swe- den), 3m. 145., second; K. G. Lindroos (Finland), 3m. 16 3-55., third; F. Schryver (Australia), fourth. Second heat — P. Malisch (Germany), 3m. 84-55., won; A. O. Aaltonen (Finland), 3m. 135., second; N. G. Ande-rsson (Sweden), 3m. 20 3-58., third; G. Bajmakoff (Russia), fourth; Josef Wastl (Austria), fifth; D. Baiafdo /Italy), sixth. Third heat — W. Bathe (Germany), 3m. 32-55., won; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 3m. 94-55., second; F. W. Lowenadler (Sweden), 3m. 22 1-55., third. M. McDermott (U.S.A.), 3m. i8s., third, disqualified for touching with one hand only on the turn. Fourth heat — C. Atkin- son (Great Britain), swam over, 3m. 123. Fifth heat — F. Courbet (Belgium), 3m. 123-55., won; P. Hansson (Sweden), 301. 141-55., second; G. Innocent (Great Britain), 3m. i6s., third. Sixth heat — O. Demjan (Hungary), 3m. 74-55., won; H. A. S. Julin (Sweden), 3m. 12 4-55., second; H. Cederberg (Finland), 3m. 18 3-55., third.
G. Innocent (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third.
SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 9, EVENING. First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat.
First heat — P. Malisch (Germany), 301. 9 3-55., won; T. Henning (Sweden), 3m. 102-55., second; H. A. S. Julin (Sweden), 3m. 103-55.. third; A. O. Aaltonen (Finland), fourth; K. G. L. Lindroos (Finland), fifth. Second heat — W. Bathe (Germany), 3m. 21-55., won; W. Liitzow (Germany), 3m. 42-55., second; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 3m. 92-53., third; O. Demjan (Hungary), fourth; F. Courbet (Belgium), fifth; P. Hansson (Sweden), sixth.
P. Courtman (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
George Hodgson, Montreal A.A.C.; winner of 400 meters and 1500 metera swims in world's record time.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 165
FINAL HEAT, JULY 10, EVENING.
W. Bathe (Germany), am. i 4-55., won; W. Liitzow (Germany), 3m. 58., second; P. Malisch (Germany), 3m. 8s., third; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 3m. 84-55., fourth; T. Henning (Sweden), fifth. Bathe's time for 100 meters, im. 235.
400 METERS— FREE STYLE.
(437-4444 yards.) Olympic record — sm. 242-55.; G. R. Hodgson (Canada), Stockholm, 1912.
Four heats July n, noon; two evening; first, second and fastest third to qualify for semi-final heat.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — H. H. Hardwick (Australia), sm. 365., won; M. Champion (Australia), sm. 375., second; J. H. Reilly (U.S.A.), 6m. 10 i-ss., third; M. Massa (Italy), fourth. Second heat — T. S. Battersby (Great Britain), 6m. 33-55., won; J. H. Johnsen (Norway), 6m. 142-55., sec- ond; J. E. Wedholm (Sweden), 6m. 29 4-53., third. Third heat — M. Ritter (Germany), sm. 443-55., won; A. Kenyery (Hungary), sm. 465., second; N. F. Nerich (U.S.A.), sm. 50 2-55., third. Fourth heat — B. von Lastorres (Hungary), sm. 36 1-55., won; H. Taylor (Great Britain), sm. 482-55., second. Fifth heat — C. Healy (Australia), sm. 345., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain), sm. 35 3-55., second; F. Schuh (Austria), 6m. 9 1-55., third. Sixth heat — G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 5m. 50 3-55., won; W. Foster (Great Britain), sm. 52 2-55., second; O. Schiele (Germany), sm. 575., third; G. A. Godfrey (South Africa), fourth; H. C. Hedegaard (Denmark), fifth. N. T. Nerich (U.S.A.) qualified as the fastest tfiird.
SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 13, EVENING. First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat.
G. R. Hodgson (Canada), sm. 25 2-55., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain) 5m. 25 3-55., second; W. Foster (Great Britain), sm. 495., third; N T. Nerich (U.S.A.), sm. sis., fourth; T. S. Battersby (Great Britain)
Foster (Great Britain), sm. 495., third; N. is., fourth; T. S. Battersby (Great Britain), Johnsen (Norway), sixth. Second heat — H. H. Hardwick (Australia), sm. 3is., won; B. von Lastorres (Hun- gary), sm. 344-55., second; C. Healy (Australia), sm. 375., third; M. Champion (Australia), sm. 385., fourth; H. Taylor (England), sm. 48 i-ss., fifth.
Hodgson's intermediate times: 100 meters, im. 145.; 200 meters, 2m. 38 1-55.; 300 meters, 4m. 55.
Hardwick's intermediate times: 100 meters, im. us.; 200 meters, 2m. 365.; 300 meters, 4m. 508.
C. Healy, Australia, qualified, as the fastest third.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 14, EVENING.
G. R. Hodgson (Canada), sm. 242-55., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain),
5m. 25 4-53., second; H. H. Hardwick (Australia), sm. 31 1-55., third;
C. Healy (Australia), sm. 375., fourth; B. v. Lastorres (Hungary).
fifth.
Hodgson's intermediate times; joo meters, im. us.; 200 meters, 2rn.
334-55.; 300 meters, 4m,
Or/TMTIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM", SWEDEN, 1912.
Arthur McAleenan, Jr., New York Athletic Club diver, at swimming stadium, Stockholm; youngest member of the American team.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 167
400 METERS BREAST STROKE.
(437.4444 yards.) Olympic record — 6m. 293-55.; W. Bathe (Germany), Stockholm, 1912.
First, second and third heats, July 8, noon; fourth and fifth heats, evening.
First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — T. Henning (Sweden), 6m. 522-53., won; G. Innocent (Great Britain), 7m. 7 4-53., second; O. Demjan (Hungary), 6m. 35 4-55.. won, disqualified for irregular turning. Second heat — P. Malisch (Ger- many), 6m. 475., won; K. G. L. Lindroos (Finland), 7m., second; M. McDermott (U.S.A.), 7m. i8s., disqualified, for irregular turning. Third heat — W. Liitzow (Germany), 6m. 49 4-55., won; F. Courbet (Belgium), 6m. 52 3-55., second; Z. v. Siengalewicz (Austria), 7m. 45., third. Fourth heat — P. Courtman (Great Britain), 6m. 43 4-53., won; A. O. Aaltonen (Finland), 6m. 48 4-55., second; H. Julin (Sweden), 7m. 123-55., third. Fifth heat — W. Bathe (Germany), 6m. 343-55., won; G. Bajmakoff (Russia), 7m. 28 3-55., second; two starters only. Z. v. Siengalewicz (Austria) qualified as the fastest third.
SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY n, EVENING. First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat.
First heat — W. Bathe (Germany) and T. Henning (Sweden), 6m. 325., tied for first; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 6m. 36 3-53., third; F. Courbet (Belgium), fourth; Z. v. Siengalewicz (Austria), fifth. Dead heat between Bathe and Henning. Second heat — W. Liitzow (Germany), 6m. 443-55., won; P. Malisch (Germany), 6m. 473-55., second; A. Aaltonen (Finland), 6m. 564-55., third; K. G. Lindroos (Finland), fourth; G. Innocent (Great Britain), fifth. P. Courtman (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 12, EVENING.
W. Bathe (Germany), 6m. 29 3-55., won; T. Henning (Sweden), 6m.
353-55., second; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 6m. 362-55., third; P.
Malisch (Germany), 6m. 375., fourth; W. Liitzow retired at 375
meters.
Intermediate times: Bathe — 100 meters, im. 234-55.; 200 meters, 3m. 35.; 300 meters, 4m. 463-53.
1500 METERS.
(1640.4168 yards.) Olympic record — 22m.; G. R. Hodgson (Canada), Stockholm, 1912.
First, second and third heat, July 6, evening; fourth heat, July, 7, noon; fifth heat, July 7, evening.
First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — W. Andersson (Sweden), 23m. 12 1-55., won; M. Champion (Australia), 23m. 343., second; H. Taylor (Great Britain), 2401. 62-53., third. Second heat — B. v. Lastorres (Hungary), 22m. 583., won; J.
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
America's Swimming Team, which won second place in the One-Mile Relay Race. Left to right— Kenneth Huszagh, Duke Kahanamoku, Harry Hebner and Perry McGillivray.
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G. Hatfield (Great Britain), 23m. 162-58., second; A. Caby (France), third. Third heat — G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 22m. 235., won; William Longworth (Australia), 23m. 2 3-55., second; M. Pernot (France), third. Fourth heat — T. S. Battersby (Great Britain), 2301. 585., won: F. Schuh (Austria), 25111. 194-55., second; J. E. Wedholm (Sweden), 27m. 383., third; M. Massa (Italy), fourth. Fifth heat— H. Hardwick (Australia), 23m. 232-55., won; W. Foster (England), 23.11. 522-55., second; J. H. Johnsen (Norway), third; K. G. A. Collin (Sweden), fouith.
Intermediate times: Andersson — 100 meters, im. 175.; 200 meters, 2m. 472-55.; 400 meters, sm. 535.; 800 meters, i2m. 135.; 1,000 meters, ism. 245. Lastorres — 100 meters, im. i6s. ; 200 meters, 2m. 463-55.; 300 meters, 4m. i6s. ; 400 meters, 5m. 504-53.; 500 meters, 701. 235.; 600 meters, 8m. 584-55.; 700 meters, lom. 314-55.; 800 meters, i2m. 83-55.; 900 meters, i3m. 442-55.; 1,000 meters, ism. 225.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 585.; 1,200 meters, i8m. 342-55.; 1,300 meters, 2om. 32-55.; 1,400 meters, 2im. 332-55. Hodg- son— 100 meters, im. 155.; 200 meters, 2m. 405.; 400 meters, sm. 405.; 800 meters, nm. 475.; 1,000 meters, 1401. 453. Longworth — 300 meters, 4m. gs. Battersby — 400 meters, 6m. 95.; 800 meters, i2m. 385. Hardwick — 100 meters, im. 184-55.; 200 meters, 2m. 455.; 300 meters, 4m. i6s.; 400 meters, sm. 465.; 500 meters, 7m. i8s. ; 1,000 meters, ism. 203.
H. Taylor (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third.
SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 9, NOON. First, second and fastest third to qualify for final heat.
First heat — G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 22m. 265., won: J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain), 22m. 332-55., second; H. H. Hardwick (Australia), 23m. i4S., third; W. Andersson (Sweden), fourth; H. Taylor (Great Brit- ain), fifth. Second heat — B. v. Lastorres (Hungary), 23m. 9 4-55., won; M. Champion (Australia), 23m. 24 1-55., second; W. Foster (Great Britain), 23m. 32 1-53., third. Longworth did not start.
Intermediate times: Hodgson — 100 meters, im. i8s. ; 200 meters, 2m. 455.; 300 meters, 4m. 112-55.; 400 meters, sm. 404-55.; 500 meters, 7m. 135.; 600 meters, 8m. 424-53.; 700 meters, lom. 144-55.; 800 meters, nm. 455.; 900 meters, i3m. iss.j 1,000 meters, i4m. 455.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 2os. ; 1,200 meters, 17111. 51 2-53.; 1,300 meters, igm. 275.; 1,400 meters 2om. 553. Hatfield — 800 meters, nm. 553.; 1,000 meters, ism. is. Las torres — 100 meters, im. 195.; 200 meters, 2m. 463-55.; 300 meters, 4m i8s. ; 400 meters, sm. 495.; 500 meters, 7m. 235.; 600 meters, 8m. 59 2-55. 700 meters, lom. 313.; 800 meters, i2m. 52-53.; 900 meters, i3m. 39 4-55. 1,000 meters, ism. 135.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 453.; 1,200 meters, i8m. 232-55.; 1,300 meters, igm. 585.; 1,400 meters, 2 im. 312-55.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 10, EVENING.
G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 22m., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain), 22m.
395., second; H. H. Hardwick (Australia), 23m. 152-55., third. B.
v. Lastorres (Hungary) retired after 500 meters, and M. Champion
(Australia) after 800 meters.
Intermediate times: Hodgson — 100 meters, im. us.; 200 meters, 2m. 345.; 300 meters, 4m. 33-55.; 400 meters, sm. 341-55.; 500 meters, 7m. 6s.; 600 meters, 8m. 355.; 700 meters, lom. 62-55.; 800 meters, nm. 375.; 900 meters, 1301. 73.; 1,000 meters, i4m. 375.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 73.; 1,200 meters, i7m. 355.; 1,300' meters, igm. 35.; 1,400 meters, 2om. 335. Hodgson continued for i mile and swam 1,600 meters in 23m, 28 1-53. and i mile in 23m. 34 5-105., a new world's record. His 1,000 meters were taken officially in 1401. 375., also a new world's record.
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PLAIN HIGH DIVING.
First and second heats, July 6, evening; third and fourth heats, July 7, noon.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — P. Gunther (Germany), place No. 8, 36.1 points, won;.T. Erikson (Sweden), place No. n, 35.8 points, second; T. Ilmoniemi (Finland), place No. 13, 35 points, third; Alfred Johannson (Sweden), place No. 14, fourth. Second heat — J. Jansson (Sweden), place No. 5, 38.3 points, won; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), place No. 13, 36.2 points, second; G. Yvon (Great Britain), place No. 17, 35.2 points, third; G. Ekstrand (Sweden), place N*o. 18, fourth; Arthur McAleenan, Jr. (U.S.A.), fifth. Third heat— H. Johansson (Sweden), place No. ^ 40.1 points, won; T. N. Aro (Finland), place No. 10, 39.4 points, sec- ond; A. W. Runstrom (Sweden), piace No. 15, 38.30 points, third; E. M. Brandsten (Sweden), fourth; V. G. Crondahl (Sweden), fifth. Fourth heat — W. E. Adlerz (Sweden), place No- 5, 39.9 points, won; O. W. Wetzell (Finland), place No. 13, 33.8 points, second; K. Kainu- vaara (Finland), place No. 14, 33.2 points, third; A. Ziirner (Ger- many), fourth.
FINAL HEAT, JULY n, EVENING.
W. E. Adlerz (Sweden), place No. 7, 40 points, won; H. Johansson (Swe- den), place No. 12, 39.3 points, second; J. Jansson (Sweden), place No. 13, 39.1 points, third; V. G. Crondahl (Sweden), place No. 23, 37.1 points, fourth; T. N. Aro (Finland), place No. 26, 36.5 points, fifth; A. W. Runstrom (Sweden), place No. 26, 36.1 points, sixth. P. Gunther, Germany, who qualified for the final, did not compete, owing
to an injury 'to his hand.
FANCY HIGH DIVING.
First and second heats, July 12, noon; third heat, evening.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — H. Johansson (Sweden), place No. 9, 68.6 points, won; A. Ziirner (Germany), place No. 14, 65.4 points, second; H. Luber (Ger- many), place No. 23, 62.66 points, third; E. M. Brandsten (Sweden), place No. 23, 62.42 points, fourth; G. Sjoberg (Sweden), place No. 24, 62.8 points, fifth; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), place No. 25, 62.56 points, sixth. Second heat — E. W. Adlerz (Sweden), place No. 6, 74.76 points, won; G. Blomgren (Sweden), place No. 9, 68.5 points, second; H. Arbin (Sweden), place No. 9, 62.75 points, third; E. R. Eklund (Sweden), place No. 20, 59.94 points, fourth; S. Andersen (Norway), place No. 25, 56.40 points, fifth; O. W. Wetzell (Finland), place No. 32, 50.46 points, sixth. Third heat — A. Carlsson (Sweden), place No. 7, 66.98 points, won; G. Yvon (Great Britain), place No. 9, 65.7 points, second; T. N. Aro (Finland), place No. 15, 62.75 points, third; Robert Andersson (Sweden), place No. 20, 60.59 points, fourth; J. H. Stefenson (Sweden), place No. 26, 41.54 points, fifth.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 15, NOON.
E. W. Adlerz (Sweden), place No. 7, 73.94 points, won; A. Ziirner (Ger- many), place No. 10, 72.60 points, second; G. Blomgren (Sweden), place No. 16, 69.56 points, third; H. Johansson (Sweden), place No. 22, 67.80 points, fourth; G. Yvon (Great Britain), place No. 23, 67.60 points, fifth; H. Afbin (Sweden), place No. 30, 62.62 points, sixth; A. Carlsson (Sweden), seventh; T. N. Aro (Finland), eighth.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 173.
SPRINGBOARD DIVING.
Three heats, July 8, evening.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — C. Behrens (Germany), place No. 6, 80.14 points, won; P. Giinther, (Germany), place No. 9, 78.14 points, second; A. McAlee- nan, Jr. (U.S.A.), place No. 15, 68.02 points, third; E. Brandsten (Sweden), place No. 20, 65.01 points, fourth. Second heat — J. Jans- son (Sweden), place No. 5, 77.77 points, won; A. Ziirner (Germany), place No. 10, 74.64 points, second; E. Ekluiid (Sweden), place No. 16, 53.02 points, third; C. Bonfanti (Italy), place No. 19, 46.81 points, fourth. Third heat — H. Luber (Germany), place" No. 6, 77.5 points, won; E. Zimmerman (Canada), place No. n, 76.6 points, second; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), place No. 16, 74.3 points, third; H. E. Pott (Great Britain), place No. 17, 73-94 points, fourth; E. Apelqvist (Swe- den), fifth.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 9, EVENING.
Paul Giinther (Germany), place No. 6, 79.23 points, won; H. Luber (Ger- many), place No. 9, 76.78 points, second; C. Behrens (Germany), place No. 22, 73.73 points, third; A. Ziirner (Germany), place No. 23, 73-33 points, fourth; E. Zimmerman (Canada), place No. 24, 72.54 points, fifth; H. E. Pott (England), place No. 28, 71.25 points, sixth; J. Jansson (Sweden), seventh; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), eighth.
800 METERS 4-M EN RELAY RACE.
(874.8989 yards.)
Olympic record — lom. n 1-55.; Australia (Healy, 2m. 312-53.; Champion, 2n^« 33 3-5s-» Boardman, 2m. 355.; Hardwick, 2m. 31 1-55.), Stock- holm, 1912.
Two heats, July 12, evening.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — United States (Huszagh, 2m. 354-58.; Duke Kahanamoku, 2in. 304-55.; Hebner, 2m. 432-55.; McGillivray, 2m. 362-55.), lom. 262-55., won; Hungary (Beleznay, Zachar, Kenyery, Lastorres), lom. 343-55., second; Great Britain (Foster, Hatfield, Battersby, Taylor), lom. 392-53., third. Second heat — Australia (Hardwick, 2m. 312-53.; Champion, 2m. 353-55.; Boardman, 2m. 355.;* Healy, 2m. 325.), lom. 145., won; Germany (Schiele, Kunisch, Ritter, Bretting), lom. 42 1-55., second. All five teams qualified for final.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 15, NOON.
Australia (He^aly, 100 meters, im. 82-55.; 200 meters, 2m. 31 2-55.; Cham- pion, im. ii 3-53., 2m. 333-58.; Boardman, im. 94-53^ 2m. 355.; Hard- wick, im. 95., 2m. 31 1-55.), lom. 11 1-55., won; United States (McGil- livray, im. 82-55., 2m. 312-55.; Hebner, im. 114-55., 2m. 403-55.; Huszagh, im. 102-55., 2m. 371-55.; Kahanamoku, im. 6s., 2m. 313.), lom. 20 1-55., second; England (Battersby, Foster, Hatfield, Taylor), lom. 28 3-55., third; Germany (Schiele, Ritter, Kunisch, Bretting), Hatfield was timed by J. C. Hurd (secretary A.S.A. of England), 2m.
lom. 335., fourth. 29 3-5S., the fastest individual time.
Hungary, although qualified, did not start.
WATER POLO.
July 7, noon — England 7, Belgium 5 ; extra period after a tie of 4 each. Referee, G. Wennerstrom, Sweden.
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July 8, noon — Sweden 7, France 2. Half time, 4 — o. Referee, J. C. Kurd,
.Great Britain.
July 9, noon — Austria 4, x Hungary 3. Referee, G. Wennerstrom, Sweden. July ip, noon — Belgium 6, Hungary 5. Referee, G. W. Hearn, Great
Britain. July n, noon — Belgium 5, France i. Referee, G. W. Hearn, England.
Evening — England 6, Sweden 3. Half time, 2 — i. Referee, Van der
Heyden, Belgium. July 13, evening — England 8, Austria o. Half time, 4 — o. Referee, Erik
Bergvall, Sweden. July 14, evening — Sweden 8, Austria i. Half time, 5 — i. Referee, G. W.
Hearn, Great Britain. July 15, noon — Belgium 4, Austria 3. Half time, 2 — i. Referee, Erik
Bergvall, Sweden. July 1 6, noon — Sweden 4, Belgium 2. Referee, G. W. Hearn, Great Britain.
FINAL RESULT. Great Britain, won; Sweden, second; Belgium, third.
J-ADIES' ' RACE—100 METERS.
Olympic record — im. 19 4-55.; Fanny Durack (Australia), Stockholm, 1912.
First and second heats, July 8, evening; third, fourth and fifth heats,
July 9, noon.
First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat.
TRIAL HEATS.
First heat — Bella Moore (Great Britain), im. 294-55., won; Louise Otto (Germany), im. 342-55., second; Klara Milch (Austria), im. 371-55., third; Greta Johanson (Sweden), im. 41 2-55., fourth. Second heat — Daisy CurWen (Great Britain), im. 23 3-55., won; Jennie Fletcher (Great Britain), im. 26 1-55., second; B. Zahouret (Austria), im. 383-55., third; Pepi Kellner (Austria), im. 411-55., fourth; Sonja Johnsson (Sweden), im. 444-55., fifth. Third heat — Wilhelmina Wylie (Australia), im. 264-55., won; Mary Langford (Great Britain), im. 285., second; Hermine Stindt (Germany), im. 291-55., third; Josefine Sticker (Austria), im. 31 4-55., fourth; Madame Guttenstein (Bel- gium), fifth; Elsa Bjorklund (Sweden), sixth. Fourth heat — Fanny Durack (Australia), im. 19 4-55., won; Irene Steer (Great Britain), im. 27 1-55., second; Vally Dressel (Germany), im. 28 3-53., third; Mar-
§ arete Adler (Austria), im. 342-55., fourth; Greta Carlsson (Swe- en), fifth; Regina Kari (Finland), sixth. Fifth heat — Crete Rosen- berg (Germany), im. 255., won; Annie Spiers (Great Britain),- im. 25 3-5S., second; Vera Thulin (Sweden), im. 445., third. Vally Dressel (Germany) qualified as the fastest third.
SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 11, NOON. First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat.
First heat — Fanny Durack (Australia), im. 20 1-55., won; Daisy Curwen (Great Britain), im. 264-55., second; Annie Spiers (Great Britain), im. 275., third; Bella Moore (Great Britain), im. 274-55.. fourth; Louise Otto (Germany), fifth; Mary Langford (Great Britain), sixth. Second heat — Wilhelmina Wylie (Australia), im. 273., won; Jennie Fletcher (Great Britain), im. 271-55., second; Vally Dressel (Ger- many), im. 29 1-55., third.
Crete Rosenberg (Germany) allowed in final, owing to having been inter- fered with. Irene Steer (Great Britain), who ^finished third in im. 295., disqualified for interfering.
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FINAL HEAT, JULY 12, EVENING.
Fanny Durack (Australia), im. 22 1-55., won; Wilhelmina Wylie (Aus- tralia), im. 25 2-55., second; Jennie Fletcher (Great Britain), im. 275., third; Crete Rosenberg (Germany), im. 27 1-55., fourth; Annie Spiers (Great Britain), im. 27 2-55., fifth.
LADIES' PLAIN HIGH DIVING.
First heat, July 10, noon; second heat, evening.
First heat — Greta Johanson (Sweden), place No. 5, 36.2 points, won; Lisa Regnell (Sweden), place No. 13, 34.1 points, second; Isabelle White (England), place No. 14, 33.9 points, third; Tora Larsson (Sweden), place No. 21, 31 points, fourth; T. Selma Andersson (Sweden), place No. 23, 30.6 points, fifth; Elsa Andersson (Sweden), place No. 25, 27.7 points, sixth. Second heat — Ella Eklund (Sweden), place No. 7, 34.4 points, won; Elsa Regnell (Sweden), place No. 8, 34.9 points, second; Gerda Johansson (Sweden), place No. 16, 28.7 points, third; Dagmar Nilsson (Sweden), place No. 19, 27.7 points, fourth; Ester Edstrom (Sweden), fifth.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 13, EVENING.
Greta Johanson (Sweden), place No. 5, 39.9 points, won; Lisa Regnell (Sweden), place No. 9, 36 points, second; Isabelle White (Great Brit- ain), place No. 17, 34 points, third; Elsa Regnell (Sweden), place No. 20, 33.2 points, fourth; Elsa Anderson (Sweden), place No. 26, 31.3 points, fifth; Ella Eklund (Sweden), place No. 32, 31.9 points, sixth; Selma Andersson (Sweden), seventh; Tora Larsson (Sweden), eighth.
LADIES' RELAY RACE— 400 METERS.
Teams composed of four, each to swim 100 meters.
FINAL HEAT, JULY 15, NOON.
England (Bella Moore, im. 282-55.; Irene Steer, im. 294-55.; A. Spiers, im. 291-58.; J. Fletcher, im. 252-55.), sm. 524-53., won; Germany (Hermine Stindt, Louise Otto, Vally Dressel, Crete Rosenberg), 6m. 43-5S., second; Austria (Klara Milch, F. Sticker, P. Kellner, B. Zahourek), 6m. 175., third; Sweden, fourth.
300 METERS SWIM FOR LADIES.
July 15, evening.
Attempt to break the world's record by Miss Fanny Durack (Australia). — Time, 4m. 43 3-55. 100 meters in im. 245.; 200 meters, 3m. 55.
FASTEST TIMES IN OLYMPIC GAMES. 1912
ioo Meters — im. 2 2-55., Duke P. Kahanamoku, U.S.A.; im. 4 1-55., K. Huszagh, U.S.A., and C. Bretting, Germany; im. 4 2-55., Perry McGilli- vray, U.S.A.; im. 4 3-55., C. Healy, Australia; im. 5^1-53., Wm. Long- worth, Australia'; im. 5 3-55., L. Boardman, Australia; im. 5 4-53., H. Hardwick, Australia, and W. Ramine, Germany; im. 7 3-55., N. T. Nerich, U.S.A.; im. 8s., R. M. Ritter, Germany, and L. Beleznay, Hun- gary.
400 Meters — sm. 24 2-55., G. R. Hodgson, Canada; sm. 25 3-55., J. G. Hat- field, Great Britain; sm. 315., H. Hardwick, Australia; sm. 343., C. Healy, Australia; sm. 34 4-55., B. V. Lastorres, Hungary; sm. 375., M. Champion, Australia; sm. 44 3-55., R. M. Ritter, Germany; sm. 465., A. Kenyery, Hungary.
1500 Meters — 22m., G. R. Hodgson, Canada; 22m. 33 2-55., J. G. Hatfield, Great Britain; 22m. 585., B. V. Lastorres, Hungary; 23m. 2 3-55., Wm. Longworth, Australia; 23m. 12 1-55., W. Andersson, Sweden; 23m. 145., H. Hardwick, Australia; 23m. 24 1-53., M. Champion, Australia; 23m. 32 i -55., W. Foster, Great Britain.
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WINNERS OF OLYMPIC COMPETITIONS OTHER THAN TRACK AND FIELD
CYCLING ROAD RACE AROUND LAKE MALAR.
Distance about 200 miles. Partly individual and partly team race. Individual results — R. Lewis (South Africa), i, time loh. 42m. 395.; F. H. Grubb (Great Britain), 2; C. O. Schutte (U.S.A.), 3. Team results — Sweden, i; Great Britain, 2; United States, 3.
FENCING.
Individual foils — N. Nadi (Italy), i; P. Speciale (Italy), 2; R. Verderber (Austria), 3. Team sword contest — Belgium, i; Great Britain, 2; Holland, 3. Individual sword contest — P. Anspach (Belgium), i ; I. Ossier (Denmark), 2; P. le Hardy de Beaulieu (Belgium), 3. Team sabre contest — Hungary, i; Austria, 2; Holland, 3. Individual sabre contest — J. Fuchs (Hungary), i; E. Bekessy (Hungary), 2; E. Mes- zaros (Hungary). 3.
GYMNASTICS.
Team competition (according to the Swedish system) — Sweden, i ; Den- mark, 2; Norway, 3. Team competition (any except Swedish exer- cises)— Italy, i; Hungary, 2; Great Britain, 3. Team competition (with free choice of movements and apparatus) — Norway, i; Finland, 2; Denmark, 3. Individual competition — A. Braglia (Italy), i; L. Segura (France), 2; A. Tunesi (Italy), 3.
LAWN TENNIS.
Covered court competitions — Gentlemen's singles: A. Gobert (France), i; C. P. Dixon (Great Britain), 2; A. F. Wilding (Australia), 3. Ladies' singles: Miss E. M. Hannam (Great Britain), i; Miss T. G. S. Casten- schiold (Denmark), 2; Miss M. B. Parton, 3. Gentlemen's doubles: A. Gobert and M. Germo't (France), i; G. Setterwall and G. Kempe (Sweden), 2; C. P. Dixon and A. E. Beamish (Great Britain), 3. Mixed doubles: Miss E. M. Hannam and C. P. Dixon (Great Brit- ain), i; Miss F. H. Aitchison and H. Koper Barrett (Great Britain), 2; Mrs. S. Fick and G. Setterwall (Sweden), 3. Outdoor courts- — Gen- tlemen's singles: C. L. Winslow (South Africa), i; H. A. Kitspn (South Africa), 2; O. Kreuzer (Germany), 3. Ladies' singles: Miss M. Broquedis (France), i; Miss D. Koring (Germany), 2; Miss M. Bjurstedt (Norway), 3. Gentlemen's doubles: H. A. Kitson and C. L. Winslow (South Africa), i; A. Zborzil and F. Pipes C Austria), 2; A. Canet and M. Meny (France), 3. Mixed doubles: Miss D. Koring and H. Schomburgk (Germany), i; Mrs. S. Fick and G. Setterwall (Sweden), 2; Miss M. Broquedis and A. Canet (France), 3.
MODERN PENTATHLON.
Consisting of duel shooting, swimming, fencing, riding, cross- country race.
G. Lilliehook (Sweden), i; G. Asbrink (Sweden), 2; G. de Laval (Swe- den), 3; A. E. Gronhagen (Sweden), 4; G. S. Patton, Jr. (U.S.A.), 5-
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ROWING.
Eight-oar, outriggers — Leander R.C. (Great Britain), i; New College (Great Britain), 2. Four-oar, outriggers — Ludwigshafen R.V. (Germany), i; Thames R.C. (Great Britain), 2. Four-oar, inriggers — Denmark, i ; Sweden, 2. Single sculls — W. D. Kinnear (Great Britain), i; P. Veirman (Belgium), 2.
SHOOTING.
Army rifle shooting — Team competition: United States, i; Great Britain. 2; Sweden, 3. Individual competition, 600 meters — P. R. Colas (France), i; C. T. Osburn (U.S.A.), 2; J. E. Jackson (U.S.A.), 3. Individual competition, 300 meters — A. Prokopp (Hungary), i; C. T. Osburn (U.S.A.), 2; E. E. Skogen (Norway), 3. Shooting with any rifle — Team competition: Sweden, i; Norway, 2; Denmark, 3. Individual compe- tition, 300 meters — P. R. Colas (France), i; J. L. Madsen (Denmark). 2; N. H. D. Larsen (Denmark), 3. Miniature rifle shooting — Team competition, 50 meters: Great Britain, i; Sweden, 2; United States, 3. Individual competition, 50 meters — F. S. Hird (U.S.A.), i; W. Milne (Great Britain), 2; H. Burt (Great Britain), 3. Team competition, 25 meters — Sweden, i; Great Britain, 2; United States, 3. Individual competition, 25 meters — W. Carlberg (Sweden), i; J. H. von Hoist (Sweden), 2; G. Ericsson (Sweden), 3. Revolver and Pistol Shooting — Team competition: United States, i; Sweden, 2; Great Britain, 3. Individual competition, 50 meters — A. P. Lane (U.S.A.), i; P. J. Dolfen (U.S.A.), 2; G. E. Stewart (Great Britain), 3. Duel shooting — Team competition: Sweden, i ; Russia, 2; Great Britain, 3. Individual competition, 30 meters — A. P. Lane (U.S.A.'), i; P. Palen (Sweden), 2; H. von Hoist (Sweden), 3. Clay Bird Shooting — Team competition: United States, i; Great Britain, 2; Germany, 3. Individual compe- tition— J. R. Graham (U.S.A.), i; A. Goeldel (Germany), 2; H. Blau (Russia), 3. Running Deer Shooting — Team competition: Sweden, i; United States, 2; Finland, 3. Individual competition, 100 meters; single shots — A. Swahn (Sweden), i; A. Lundeberg (Sweden), 2; N. Toivonen (Finland), 3. Double shot, 100 meters — A. Lundeberg (Swe- den), i; E. Benedicks (Sweden), 2; O. G. Swahn (Sweden), 3.
SOCCER FOOT BALL.
Great Britain, i; Denmark, 2; Holland, 3.
WRESTLING,
Featherweight — Kalle Koskelo (Finland), i; G. Gerstacker (Germany), 2; O. A. Lasanen (Finland), 3. Lightweight — E. E. Ware (Finland), i; G. H. Malmstrom (Sweden), 2; E. Matiason (Sweden), 3. Middle- weight (a) — C. E. Johansson (Sweden), i; M. Klein (Russia), 2; A. Asikainen (Finland), 3. Middleweight (b) — A. O. Ahlgren (Sweden), i; I. T. Boling (Finland), 2; B. Varga (Hungary), 3. Heavyweight — U. Saarela (Finland), i; J. Olin (Finland), 2; S. M. Jensen (Den- mark), 3.
YACHT RACING
Held July 20, 21, 22. Classes, 6, 8, 10 and 12 meters. Helmsman and every member of crew must be amateurs. There were two races in each class, with the following method of scoring: first place, 7 points; second place, 3 points; third place, i point; and, if necessary, an extra race between yachts with the same number of points.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 183
12 meter class, cruisers, Group A — Firsl round: Magda IX i, Erna Signe 2, Heatherbell 3. Second round: Magda IX i, Erna Signe 2, Heather- bell 3. First prize, Magda IX (Alfred Larsen, Norway) ; second prize, Erna Signe (N. Persson and N. Asp, Sweden) ; third prize, Heatherbell (E. Krogius, Finland).
10 meter class, cruisers, Group A — First round: Kitty i, Nina 2, Gallia II 3. Second round: Kitty i, Gallia II 2, Nina 3. Extra round: Nina i, Gallia II 2. First prize, Kitty (N. Asp, Sweden); second prize, Nina (Harry Wahl, Finland) ; third prize, Gallia II (Alex. Wischnegradsky, Russia).
8 meter class, cruisers, Group A — First round: Taifun i, Sans Atout 2, Orn 3. Second round: Taifun i, Lucky Girl 2, Orn 3. Extra round: Sans Atout i, Lucky Girl 2. First prize, Taifun (Thoralf Glad, Norway) ; second prize. Sans Atout (B. Heyman, Sweden) ; third prize, Lucky Girl (Bertil and Gunnar Tallberg, Finland).
6 meter class, cruisers, Group A — First round: Nurdug II i, MacMiche 2, Saas 3. Second round: MacMiche i, Nurdug II 2, Kerstin 3. Extra round: Mac Miche i, Nurdug II 2, Kerstin 3. First prize, Mac Miche (G. Thube and G. Fitau, France) ; second prize, Nurdug if (Otto Reedz-Thott, Denmark) ; third prize, Kerstin (Dan Brostrom, Sweden).
HORSE RIDING
Held July 13-17, 1912. Team and individual competition.
I. MILITARY.
Combined team and individual competition, comprising (i) Distance ride (about 34 miles), of which (2) is a cross-country ride of about 3 miles; (3) Individual steeplechase ride; (4) Prize jumping; (5) Prize riding. (See table on following page.)
II. PRIZE RIDING.
Capt. C. Bonde (Sweden), i; Major G. A. Boltenstern (Sweden), 2; Lieut. H. von Blixen-Finecke (Sweden), 3; Capt. von Oesterley (Germany), 4; Lieut. C. Rosenblad (Sweden), 5; Capt. O. af Strom (Sweden), 6. Twenty-one entered.
III. PRIZE JUMPING.
Individual competition, maximum 190 points. Team competition, maximum 570 points.
Individual competition — Capt. Cariou (France), 186 points, i; Lieut. - Col. von Krocher (Germany), 186 points, 2; Capt. E. de Blommaert (Belgium), 185 points-, 3; Lieut. H. S. L. Scott (Great Britain), 184 points, 4: Lieut. -Col. Freyer (Germany), 5; Lieut, von Hohenau (Germany), Capt. N. Adlecreutz (Sweden), and Lieut. E. G. Caspars- son (Sweden) 181 points, tied for 6. Thirty-one entries.
Team competition, points of first three to count — Swedish team (Lieut. Lewenhaupt, Lieut. Kilman, Lieut, von Rosen, Lieut. Rosencrantz), 545 points, i ; French team (Lieut. d'Astafort, Capt. Cariou, Com. Meyer, Lieut. Seigner), 538 points, 2; German team (Lieut. -Col. Freyer, Lieut, von Hohenau, Lieut. Deloch, Seine Konigliche Hoheit Prinz, Lieut. Friedrich Karl von Preussen), 530 points, 3; United States team (Lieut. Montgomery, Capt. Henry, Lieut. Ben Lear), 527 points, 4; Russian -team (Capt. Rodzianko, Lieut. Pleckhoff, Capt. Selikhoff, Son Altesse Imperial, Grand Due Dmitry Pawlo- witch, Lieut.), 520 points, 5; Belgian team^ (Capt. de Blommaert, Lieut, de Trannoy, Lieut. Convert), 510 points, 6.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
RIFLE SHOOTING COMPETITIONS
BY LIEUT. A. S. JONES Secretary National Rifle Association of America
The United States may well be proud of the record of its rifle shooting representatives at the Olympic Games. They not only won what they went after, but some matches in addition, in whic?i they did not expect to nave even a look-in.
The primary object in sending a rifle team to Stockholm was to win the military match and retain the title of champions of the world with the army rifle. To accomplish this purpose the other matches were sacrificed, but it was decided also to engage in the following matches under different conditions :
Individual competition with army rifle at 300 meters ; indi- vidual competition with army rifle at 600 meters ; team compe- tition, "any" rifle, at 300 meters ; individual competition, "any'* rifle, at 300 meters; team competition, .22 caliber rifle, at 50 meters; individual competition, .22 caliber rifle, at 50 meters; team competition, .22 caliber rifle rapid fire at 25 meters; indi- vidual competition, .22 caliber rifle, rapid fire, at 25 meters ; team competition, running deer, at 100 meters ; individual com- petition, running deer, single shot, 100 meters, and individual competition, running deer, double shot 100 meters.
The most remarkable feature of this team's record was the fact that military shooters, with very little preparatory practice for the miniature matches, entered these competitions, were third in the 50 meter team match, third in the rapid fire team match, and won the individual 50 meter match.
In the running deer competition our men thought they had so little chance, after watching the practice of the teams from other nations, that it was decided not to enter a team, bi^" at the last minute this decision was reversed, as it was thought that it might be interpreted as lack of sportsmanship, and the team was entered at the eleventh hour. Much to their own surprise as well as everybody else's, they won second place.
As all the matches, except the army rifle matches, were new to pur men, the difficulties may be mentioned. It was decided that it was impracticable to enter a team in the matches with "any" rifle, as there were no rifles taken along with the party that could be used to advantage for this style of shooting. A try-out was held with the Springfield rifle, to see if the scores would
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 189
compare with those being made by the shooters of the other nations with their Schuetzen rifles, but the comparison caused the team captain to withdraw from those matches.
It was thought that the cutting out of the long ranges in the army rifle team individual matches would seriously hurt the chances of the American competitors, as they are particularly strong in this style of shooting, but the results showed other- wise.
To sum up, the rifle team won the total number of 15 points for the United States. Furthermore, not only was the team suc- cessful far beyond their most sanguine expectation, but it can truthfully be said that they left behind them an impression for sportsmanship, manly bearing and good-fellowship that will leave r. lasting impression upon all their competitors. It was the most popular rifle team there and received more attention and cour- tesies than were accorded to the other nations. The policy of the captains of the different teams from the first was that of accepting every decision with the best of grace. Their patience was tried more than once by conflicting decisions, changes of programme and vague rules which were not interpreted in some cases until the matches began. Several times the Americans were appealed to to take the initiative in making protests, but refrained in every case from not only taking the initiative, but even in joining with other nations in protesting.
To sum up the results of the matches, they are as follows : International team competition, army rifle, team of six men firing 15 shots for record at 200, 400, 500 and 600 meters, won by United States. The scores and final standing of the teams were as follows :
|
i. UNITED |
STATES. |
||||
|
200 |
400 |
500 |
600 Total. |
||
|
Capt. A. L. Briggs, U.S. A |
72 |
75 |
70 |
66 283 |
|
|
Lieut. C. T. Osburn, |
U.S.N |
73 |
75 |
72 |
58 278 |
|
Sergt. H. L. Adams, |
U.S.A |
74 |
74 |
73 |
62 283 |
|
Capt. C. L. Burdette |
, W.V.N.G |
74 |
73 |
7i |
70 288 |
|
Hos. Steward W. A |
Sprout, U.S.N. . |
74 |
74 |
69 |
59 276 |
|
Sergt. J. E. Jackson, |
Iowa N.G |
7i |
73 |
69 |
66 279 |
|
Totals |
438 |
444 |
424 |
381 1,687 |
|
|
Great Britain |
. 428 |
410 |
39i |
373 ,602 |
|
|
Sweden |
4i7 |
416 |
384 |
353 »57» |
|
|
South Africa |
415 |
387 |
393 |
336 ,531 |
|
|
France |
. 405 |
407 |
377 |
326 ,515 |
|
|
Norway |
408 |
378 |
358 |
329 ,473 |
|
|
Greece, total score.. |
,445 |
||||
|
Denmark, total score |
,419 |
||||
|
Russia, total score. . |
,403 |
||||
|
Hungary, total score |
,333 |
The United States led at every stage of the match.
«— .C C
SPALBING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 191
INDIVIDUAL COMPETITION ARMY RIFLE— 300 METERS.
This match was a sort of rapid fire match. Each contestant fired 10 shots at a stationary target and 10 shots, rapid lire, at a half-figure target, three minutes being allowed for the 10 shots. For this match the Americans had very little training and such as they had was in a different manner from that used in the match. The high score of 97 points was made by a Hungarian. For the second place, Osburn of the United States and a Nor- wegian and Greek tied. In the shoot-off Osburn won, with a. score of 99, topping the winning score of the match by two points. There were 91 contestants in this match,
INDIVIDUAL COMPETITION ARMY RIFLE— 600 METERS.
The conditions of this match called for 20 shots for record on a bullseye target. There were 86 contestants,
1. P. R. Colas, France 94 3. A. L. Briggs, U.S 93
2. C. T. Osburn, U.S 94 4. J. E. Jackson, U.S 93
It will be seen from this that the United States captured three of the four places and a shoot-off was necessary to decide the ties. In the shoot-off for first and second place Colas won by one point, with a score of 91, Osburn one point behind. The shoot-off between Jackson and Briggs was won by Jackson, with a score of 90, Briggs 89.
MINIATURE MATCHES— 50 METER TEAM MATCH.
It was apparent from the beginning of this competition that the United States team was outclassed, not only because of lack of practice, but in equipment as well. Both the British and Swedish teams had been practising at this game for a long time and had perfect team organization as well as equipment. Furthermore, the Americans dropped their army rifles to take up their .22's, and Osburn was compelled to sight in his rifle in the match. With all these handicaps, however, the United States suc- ceeded in getting third place.
1. Great Britain 762 Individual scores of American team:
2. Sweden 748 W. A. Sprout... 193
3. United States 744 W. F. Leushner 188
4. France 714 F. S. Hird 185
5. Denmark 708 C. T. Osburn... 178
6. Greece 708 744
INDIVIDUAL MATCH— 50 METERS— 40 SHOTS.
Great was the surprise of the United States contingent when at the close of this competition it was found that Captain Fred S. Hird of Des Moines, Iowa, had won the match with a score of 194 out of the possible 200. Second, third, fourth, fifth and
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912.
Mr. John J. Sweeney and Dr. F. N. Bonine. field umpires at base ball garae between the Olympics (East) and Finlands (West) played in Stockholm, Sweden, in connection with Olympic Games,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 193
sixth places were taken by the Britishers, and seventh place went to Sergeant Leushner of Buffalo. Only five points sepa- rated the tenth man from the winner.
TEAM COMPETITION— 25 METERS.
Target — Silhouette figure of a man 4.7 inches high; 25 shots each man; time limit of 3 seconds for each shot.
Much to the surprise of all the other nations, it was found that the Swedish team was resting the butt of the rifle and the back of the hand upon the ground, thus practically giving machine rest. This position was ruled by the Swedish officer in charge to be not artificial. When we found this out our men also decided to use this position, but it is doubtful whether it was any advantage to them, as they were not accustomed to it. In this match the number of hits counted. In case of tie the ring count was to be used. Both the British and Swedish teams made one miss. The last competitor on the United States team got one shot alongside of the neck. If it had been a hit it would have given the match to the United States.
1. Sweden 925 Individual scores of American team:
2. Great Britain 917 F. S. Hird 227
3. United States 88 1 W. A. Sprout... 221
4. Greece 716 W. N. McDonnell 217
W. F\ Leushner. 216
881
RUNNING DEER MATCHES— TEAM MATCH.
It was only at the eleventh hour that it was decided to enter a team in this match. The run of the deer was 23 meters, and the time in crossing the line of vision was four seconds. The distance from the firing point to the target was 100 meters. The personnel of the United States team was : Mr. Walter Winans, Colonel Libbey, Sergeant Leushner and Surgeon McDonnell, ' U. S. N. They took second place, Sweden being the victors, with Finland third.
The lesson of these matches is that to make a creditable record in each shooting event, shooters must specialize and not try to do too many things with the same set of men. At the Olympic Games in Berlin, in 1916, the miniature and running deer entries should be composed of separate teams of men who should be selected for these teams after a try-out in these particular lines of shooting. It is doubtful whether the National Rifle Associa- tion of America could raise enough money by public subscrip- tion to send separate teams to the foreign countries and the gov- ernment should be asked to assist financially in the sending of representatives to the Olympic events.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 195
PISTOL AND REVOLVER COMPETITIONS
As a result of the Peekskill tryout on June 4, Messrs. Lane, Dietz, Roedder, Dolfen, LeBoutillier and Sears were entered as America's representatives in the 50 meter team contest. Accom- panied by Captain R. H. Sayre, captain of the team, the members sailed on the Finland, with the American athletes. Unfortunately at the last moment a serious illness in the family of Mr. LeBou- tillier made it impossible for that gentleman to go with the others and as the entries had closed only five men were left from whom to select a team, instead of the six, the maximum number.
The following details of the pistol and revolver competition are from an account furnished by Captain Sayre to the U. S. R. A. Bulletin.
The individual dueling match at 30 meters was shot on Satur- day, July 29. For a long time Dietz, with 283, was high man, then Dolfen made 284, but a ten was not allowed on the ground that the target was moving when the bullet hit it. Captain Sayre claimed that Dolfen shot inside his three seconds limit and that if the target moved just as he shot, the shot ought to have come in sidewise as it takes an appreciable time for a .22 bullet to travel thirty yards. The matter is not covered by the printed rules and was referred to the International Jury on shooting. After this Lane won first place, with 287, and the last man up, a Swede, A. G. Paul Palen made 286, getting sec- ond place. Lieut. Von Holtz of Germany had tied Dietz with 283 and on the shoot-off Von Holtz made 284 and Dietz 282. Of the American shooters, Winans made 286, Roedder 275, Sayre 268 and Sears 266.
The dueling team match was shot on Saturday afternoon, June 29, and the Americans were not permitted to substitute Dolfen for LeBoutillier, who had been entered but was unable to come with the team. The American team was made up of Lane, Sayre, Winans and Dietz and secured fourth place, the Swedish team winning with a fine score and no misses. The scores of the first six nations follows :
i. Sweden — 2. Russia —
Lt. W. Carlbery. 290 Kach 281
E. Carlbery 287 Melnitsky 273
P. Palen 284 Woiloschnikoff . . 270
Lt, H, Von Holtz 284 Partehimonoff ... 267
— 1145 1091
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 197
3. Great Britain — 4. United States —
S. M. Durant A. P. Lane 291
S. M. Kempster R. H. Sayre 273
H. O. Poulter Walter Winans. . 271 C. E. Stewart J. A. Dietz 261
1107 1096
5. Greece 1057 6. France —
Edmon Sandoz. . . 285 Baron Jambert... 275 M. C. Montfort.. 259 Maurice Faure... 220
1039
The individual 50 meter competition was shot at 12.30 P. M., Monday, July i. A. P. Lane of New York won first place and P. J. Dolfen of Springfield second. There were more than fifty contestants and the scores of the leaders follow :
1. A. P. Lane (U.S.A.) . 499 12. E. Carlbery (Sweden).. . 452
2. P. J. Dolfen (U.S.A.).... 474 13. R. H. Sayre (U.S.A.).... 452
3. C. E. Stewart (Gr. Brit.). 470 14. Rogand (France) 447
4. G. de Laval (Sweden) 470 15. W. Carlbery (Sweden) 446
5. Bosteom (Sweden) 468 16. Paultenrynoff (Russia) 442
6. H. O. Poulter (Gr. Brit.). 461 17. Theophilakis (Greece) 441
7. H. E. Sears (U.S.A.) 459 18. Kouskoff (Russia) 438
8. Panin (Russia) 457 19. Durant (Great Britain)... 433
9. John A. Dietz (U.S.A.)... 454 20. Larssen (Sweden) 432
10. Johnson (France) 454 21. H. Roedder (U.S.A.) 431
11. A. Torok (Austria) 453
On Tuesday, July 2, the 50 meter team contest, the event for which the Americans had especially trained, was shot and was won handily by America with Sweden, England, Russia and Greece following in the order named.
i. United States — 2. Sweden—
A. P. Lane 509 Lt. G. de Laval.. 475
H. E. Sears 474 E, Bosteom , 443
P. J. Dolfen 467 Lt. W. Carlbery,. 459
J. A. Dietz 466 Lt. E. Carlbery.. 472
— 1916 1849
3. Great Britain — • 4. Russia—
C. E. Stewart. . . . 435 Schesterikoff .... 448
A. J. Kempster.. 452 Panin 469
H. Durant 456 Metuitzki 437
H. O. Poulter.... 461 Voyloschnikoff .. 447
1804 1801
5. Greece —
Mavsommatis . . . 454
Scarlatos 429
A. Theophilakis. . 406 J. Theophilakis.. . 472
1761
OLYMPISKA SPELEN
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OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM SWEDEN, 1912.
Poster advertising the Base Ball Game between American an
Swedish players.
SP ALBINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 199
BASE BALL AT ^STOCKHOLM, 1912
SWEDEN VS. UNITED STATES.
The Swedish team was augmented by a battery consisting of Ben Adams and Wesley Oler, Jr., furnished by the American players.
SWEDEN. AB. R. H. P. A. E. UNITED STATES. AB. R. H. P. A. E.
Oler, c 4 o i 7 2 o Drew, rf i i
B. Adams, p 3 o i 2 2 i Whitney, rf i i
Nelson, p i o o o i o Courtney, 3b.... 3 2
Holden, p o o o o o o Kiviat, ss 4 2
Sapery, ss 4 o o o o o Jones, 2b 3 i
Welin, ib 3 o o 2 o i Kelly, cf 3 i
Wikman, 3b 3 o i o o o Patterson, cf.... i o
Landahl, 2b 3 o i 3 o 2 Davenport, c... . . 3 2
Larson, rf 3 i i o o o Irons, If 2 o
Torsleff, If 2 i i o o i Horine, If i i
Johannson, If.... i i i o o o Bonhag, ib 2 o
Axell, cf 3 o o i o o Blanchard, ib.... i i
Byrd, p o o
Haff, p 2 o
McClure, p o i
Totals 30 3 7 15 5 5 Totals 27 13 10 21* 4 2
* Sweden allowed 6 put-outs in last (sixth) inning.
United States 4 i o o 8 x — 13
Sweden • o o o 2 o i — 3
Two-base hits — Courtney, Wikman. Three-base hit — Kiviat. Stolen bases
— Kiviat, Jones 2, Davenport 2, Johannson. Bases on balls — Off B. Adams i, off Nelson 3. Struck out — By B. Adams 3, by Byrd 3, by Haff 3, by McClure i, by Nelson 3, by Holden i. Double plays — Byrd to Bonhag.
Wild pitches — B. Adams, Nelson. Hit by pitched ball — Drew, Kelly. Passed balls — Oler 2, Davenport 2. Umpire — Mr. George Wright.
UNITED STATES TEAMS— EAST VS. WEST.
The exhibition game of base ball, arranged by the athletes of the Ameri- can Olympic team, was played between representatives of the Eastern and Western portions of the United States, who called themselves for the occasion "Finlands" (West) and "Olympics" (East).
FINLAND. AB. R. H. P. A. E. OLYMPIC. AB. R. H. P. A. E.
Irons, 2b.. 401041 Drew, rf 3' i i o o o
Courtney, ss 3 o o i i o Kiviat, ss 3 i 2 i 2 2
Davenport, If . . . . 4 o i i o i Brickley, c 3 o 014 2 o
Lindberg, c 4 o 012 2 i Mercer, 3b 4 i i o i o
Haff, ib 4 o o 7 o o P. Adams, p 4 i o i 2 o
Kelly, 3b 3 2 2 2 i 3 Jones, 2b 2 o i o i o
Horine, cf 41 1300 Bonhag, ib 40080 i
McClure, rf., p.. 4 o 2 o i o Holden, If 4 i o 2 o i
Byrd, p, rf 3 o o i i o B. Adams, cf , . . . 2 o o i o o
Oler, cf 2 i i o» o o
Thorpe, rf 2 o i o o o
Totals 33 3 7 27 10 6 Totals 33 6 7 27 8 4
Two-base hits — Kelly; Thorpe, Kiviat. Stolen bases — Irons, Haff, McClure 3, Kelly 2; Drew, Kiviat, P. Adams, Jones 2, Oler 2. Bases on balls— Off McClure i, off Adams 2. Struck out — By Byrd 6, by McClure 4; by Adams n. Hit batsman — Byrd 2. Passed balls — Lindberg 3. Left on bases — Finland 6, Olympic 4. Umpires — Messrs. Bonine and Sweeney.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 201
SOCCER FOOT BALL COMPETITION
At the Olympic Games held at Stockholm, Sweden. June 29 to July 6, 1912.
BY THOMAS W. CAHILL. England, 4; Denmark, 2.
WINNERS OF CONSOLATION TOURNAMENT.
Played at Rosunda, Stockholm, Sweden. Hungary, 3; Austria, o.
PREVIOUS OLYMPIAN CHAMPIONS.
At Universal Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., U. S. A.. 1904. Gait F.B.C. of Gait, Canada, 4; St. Rose's of St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A., o.
At London, England, 1908. England, 2; Denmark, o.
Amateur Association foot ball, better known in this country by the name of Soccer, by its inclusion in the Fifth Olympian games held at Stockholm, Sweden, June 29 to July 6, 1912, was given its greatest opportunity to demonstrate to the athletically inclined world at large what a grand and clever sport it is. Never, since the inception of this great game, were the conditions more favorable and the opportunity greater to interest the nations of the world in its present and future possibilities than at Stock- holm.
The competition was under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee and the Federation Internationale de Foot Ball Association. Twelve nations entered teams for competition for the Olympic honors, namely : Germany, England, Finland, Austria, Holland, Norway, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Russia and France, all of which, with the exception of France, took part in the games. France withdrew after the drawings.
The competition was conducted on the English cup tie system, that is, elimination by rounds. In the final results, Great Bri- tain won first honors, Denmark second, and Holland third.
All the matches were witnessed by large crowds, and on several occasions the Crown Prince, at the opening of the games, ad- dressed and congratulated the contestants, while at the final
SPALI>IN<;'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. £03
between England and Denmark every seat in the' Stadium was occupied, and the occasion was graced by the presence of the King of Sweden, the Crown Prince, and several members of the royal family, who took the liveliest interest in the game through- out. During the intermission between the two halves the Crown Prince went on the field and shook hands with the members of the opposing teams, to the infinite delight of the spectators.
One of the most noticeable features connected with the foot ball competition at Stockholm was the wonderful improvement shown by the Continental nations. In foot ball, as in every other branch of sport which they have taken up, the Continental na- tions are proving apt pupils, and it behooves England, who won the Olympic honors both at London, in 1908, and at Stock- holm, this year, to realize that she will need all her forces to beat them presently, as there is no questioning the fact that Denmark, who met England in the final, playing but ten men owing to an injury to one of their half-backs, kept the British forwards at bay for the whole of the second half, and nothing but the clever defensive tactics adopted .by the Englishmen in this last period of the game, prevented the Danes from at least making a tie of the game, as they played the Englishmen to a standstill during the last half.
In connection with the wonderful improvement of the Con- tinental elevens, it must be noted that in England's line-up were included about ten players who are accustomed to English league class of foot ball, and their victory was not surprising. One of their players, Harold Walden, who plays for Bradford City in the First Division of the English Foot Ball League (mixed pro- fessional and amateur teams), took part in all of England's games at Stockholm and scored ten out of the fifteen goals credited to England. This was a great feat of the player in question, but it is very doubtful whether it was quite within the spirit of the Olympic ideal of true sportsmanship to play either Walden or other players who are week in, week out assisting England's leading professional teams to win their matches. .
The drawings and results of the first round which took place on Saturday, June 29, were as follows :
Finland, 3; Italy, 2. Holland, 4; Sweden, 3.
Austria, 5; Germany, i. Norway, W.O. ; France, Scratched.
Byes : England, Denmark, Hungary and Russia.
The drawings and results of the second round were as fol- lows :
England, 7; Hungary, o. Finland, 2; Russia, i. Denmark, 7; Norway, o. Holland, 3; Austria, i.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 205
The drawings and results of the semi-finals were as follows: England, 4; Finland, o. Denmark, 4; Holland, i.
FINAL ROUND.
England, 4; Denmark, 2.
The final between England and Denmark which took place on the evening of July 4, in the Stadium, before an assemblage of over 20,000 persons, resulted in a victory for England by a score of four goals to two. The King of Sweden and the Crown Prince and several other members of the royal family graced the occasion. At the finish of the great contest the King presented the winning team with the Olympic trophies and congratulated them on their victory.
THE GAME.
On a playing field which was in perfect condition and with the intense heat of the day moderated by a cool evening breeze, Referee Groothoff, of Holland, at 7:12 P.M., blew his whistle, and the greatest amateur soccer contest of the world, and for Olympic honors was on. As the kick-off took place a mighty cheer arose from the vast multitude, and it was clearly evident that the Danes had the sympathy of the spectators, as their play- ing in the preliminary rounds had been clever and spectacular, and they had made many friends.
Denmark was the first to attack and soon forced two fruit- less corners. Gradually England asserted its superiority and only the great display of Nils Middleboe at full-back prevented them from scoring. Keeping up the pressure by fine combination play the English forwards bombarded their opponents' goal and at length Walden opened the scoring with a fine shot — the ball being accurately centered by Sharpe, who was playing a fine game at outside left for England.
From the center kick the ball was again taken into the Den- mark territory, but the defense held put in fine style and a dash away by the Danes' right wing relieved the pressure and the English goal-keeper had to concede a corner in order to save his goal.
Woodward and Berry transferred play by pretty passing and Hansen in trying to clear put the ball across his own goal. Wal- den was well up and pouncing on the ball banged it into the net giving the goal-keeper no chance whatever.
Retaliating, Olsen got away and sent in a swift left footed shot which beat Brebner, that player only being able to touch the ball with his fingers as it passed into the net ; nettled by this re- verse England went off with a dash, the whole of their for-
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 207
wards combining splendidly. A corner followed and almost im- mediately after Buchwald, the Danish half-back was seen roll- ing on the field in agony. It was obvious that the accident was serious and he left the ground with an injured arm and took no further part in the game.
Middleboe then came up into the half-back line and for a time strengthened the Danish attack, for the English goal was soon in danger. Burn cleared, however, and the ball went up the field again. Middleboe kicked it to his goal-keeper who in picking up stumbled but he just managed to evade Sharpens rush. At last the Danish defense was outmanoeuvred. Berry centered at top speed and Hoare sent the ball in beautifully. From then till the end of the first half England had matters all their own way. Berry was right at the top of his form and went clean through on his own dribbling, passing the defense and beating the goal-keeper easily. Berry was off again in a moment but shot over the bar, twice after some wonderful combination play. Half time arrived and England led by a score of 4 goals to I.
Denmark resumed with the composition of their team altered and the men changed positions frequently during the playing of the second period.
Denmark attacked and Brebner ran out and sent the ball up the field where the English right wing distinguished itself. The Danish goal-keeper was tested and was equal to the situation. Time and again the English forwards swept down on him, but every shot was cleverly cleared. Twice he saved from Wood- ward on stinging angular drives. Then first Berry sent over, and afterward Sharpe. Suddenly a different complexion came over the game. The Danes pierced the defense and got within shoot- ing distance. Olsen kicked hard and the ball bounded off an opponent past Brebner, a. surprising: but well-deserved goal as the spectators showed by their enthusiastic applause.
Four goals to two and Denmark, with their blood up, began to play rather more vigorously and forced the Englishmen into their own territory, keeping them on the defensive for the greater part of the last period. With only eight minutes to go, the Eng- lish forwards made a strenuous effort to add to their score, when Berry passed to Woodward, who sent in a great shot, but Hansen was equal to it. Three more times he got to the ball when a goal seemed certain, but his great clearing killed what chances the Englishmen had of scoring, and the rally was ended, when a drive from Hoare hit the left post and the ball bounded out of play. From this time on until the whistle sounded for the finish of the contest the play was all in England's territory, but as clever as the Danes were, they could not add to their score and the game finally ended in a victory for England by a
THE CKOWN PRINCE ADDRESSING THE DANISH SOCCER FOOT BALL TEAM.
Olympic Games, 1912, Stockholm, Sweden.
THE CROWN PRINCE ADDRESSING THE HUNGARIAN SOCCER FOOT
BALL TEAM. Olympic Games, 1912, Stockholm, Sweden.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 209
score of 4 goals to 2. Notwithstanding Denmark's handicap in the loss of Buchwald in the first half, she showed no weak spot; they were just outmanoeuvred, while the playing of Mid- dleboe, Olsen and S. Hansen would do credit to any team in the world. Walden's playing for England was exceptionally brilliant, while the balance of the team played in that form which has made English soccerites famous the world throughout. The following players constituted the two elevens.
ENGLAND.
R. G. Brebner (Northern Nomads), goal.
T. C. Burn (London Caledonians), right back.
A. E. Knight (Portsmouth), left back.
D. McWhirter (Bromley), right half-back.
H. C. Littlewort (Glossop), center half-back.
J. Dines (Ilford), left half-back.
A. Berry (Oxford City), outside right.
V. J. Woodward (Chelsea), inside Fight (captain)
H. A. Walden (Bradford City), center forward.
G. Hoare (Glossop), inside left.
I. V. G. Sharpe (Derby County), outside left.
DENMARK.
Sophus Hansen, goal. Niels Middleboe, right back (captain). Horald Hansen, left back. T. Buchwald, right half-back. Jorgensen, center half-back. P. Berth, left half-back. Oscar Nielsen, outside right. A. Thugveson, inside right. A. Olsen, center forward. Sophus Nielsen, inside left. W. Wolfhagen, outside left. Referee : Mr. Groothoff of Holland.
SrALDlNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 211
HOW THE POINTS WERE SCORED
SWEDEN.
Athletics. — First in throwing the javelin, best hand (Lem- ming) ; second in the 400 meters relay race ; third in running broad jump (Aberg) ; second in 3,000 meters team race (Ohlsson) 2, Wide 4, Fock 7 — 13 points) ; third in discus, right and left (Magnusson) ; first, second and third in hop, step and jump (Lindblom, Aberg and Almlof ) ; in cross country, second and third in the individual competition (Hj. Anderson and Eke) and first in the team competition ; second and third in Decathlon (Wieslander and Lomberg) ; first in tug-of-war (the Stockholm police).
Shooting. — Third in the army rifle team competition ; second and third in the individual duel shooting (Palen and von Hoist) ; second in pistol team competition, 50 meters ; first and second in the individual single shooting at running deer (A. Swahn and Lundeberg) ; first, second and third in individual double shooting at running deer (Lundeberg, Benedicks and O. G. Swahn); first in team duel shooting; second in miniature rifle team competition, 50 meters ; first in team shooting at running deer; first in team competition with any rifle, 300 meters; first in miniature rifle team competition, 25 meters ; and first, second and third in the individual miniature rifle competition, 25 meters (W. Carlberg, von Hoist and Ericsson).
Swimming. — First, second and third in plain diving (Adlerz, Hj. Johansson and J. Jansson) ; second in the 400 meters, breast stroke (T. Henning) ; first and second in ladies' plain diving (Misses Greta' Johansson and Lisa Regnell) ; second in water polo; first and third in fancy diving (Adlerz and Blomgren).
Tennis. — Covered court: Second in gentlemen's doubles (Set- terwall and Kempe) ; third in mixed doubles (Mrs. Fick and Mr. Setterwall). Open court: Second in mixed doubles (Mrs. Fick and Mr. Setterwall).
Riding. — In military, first in the individual competition (Lieut. Nordlander) and first in the team competition (Nordlander, Adlercreutz and Casparsson) ; first, second and third in prize riding (Count Bonde, Major Boltenstern and Baron von Blixen-Finecke) ; first in the prize jumping team competition (Lewenhaupt, Kilman and von Rosen).
Yachting. — First in the 10 meters class ("Kitty") ; second in the 12 meters class ("Erna-Signe") ; second in the 8 meters class ("Sans Atout") ; third in the 6 meters class ("Kerstin").
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 213
In other events. — First in gymnastics, Swedish system ; first in the team competition in the cycle race "round the Malar" ; first, second and third in modern Pentathlon (Lilliehook, Asbrink and de Laval) ; in wrestling-, first in middleweight A (CL Johansson) ; second in middleweight B (Ahlgren) ; second and third in lightweight (Malmstrom and Mathieson) ; in row- ing, second in the in-rigged fours.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Athletics. — First, second and third in 100 meters (Craig, Meyer, Lippincott) ; first and third in Pentathlon (Thorpe ana Donahue) ; second and third in standing broad jump (Platt Adams and Ben Adams) ; second in 10,000 meters (Tewanima) ; first and third in running high jump (Richards and Horine) ; first, sec- ond and third in 800 meters (Meredith, Sheppard and Daven- port) ; first, second and third in putting the weight, best hand (McDonald, Ralph Rose, Whitney) ; second and third in 1,500 meters (Kiviat and Taber) ; first and second in putting the weight, right and left (Rose, McDonald) ; first and second in 200 meters (Craig and Lippincott) ; first, second and third in pole vault (Babcock, Wright and Nelson) ; second and third in discus throwing, best hand (Byrd and Duncan) ; first, second and third in hurdles (Kelly, Wendell and Hawkins) ; first in running broad jump (Gutterson) ; first and second in standing high jump (Platt Adams and Ben Adams) ; first and third in 400 meters (Reidpath and Lindberg) ; first in team race, 3,000 meters (Berna I, Taber 3, Bonhag 5 — 9 points) ; first and third in throwing the hammer (McGrath and Childs) ; third in Mara- thon (Strobino) ; first in 1,600 meters relay race (Sheppard, Lindberg, Meredith and Reidpath) ; first in Decathlon (Thorpe).
Swimming. — First and third in 100 meters, free style (Kahana- moku and Huszagh) ; first in 100 meters, back stroke (Hebner) ; second in team competition 800 meters.
Shooting. — First in the army rifle team competition; first in individual duel-shooting (Lane) ; first in clay bird team competi- tion; second in individual army rifle shooting, 300 meters (Os- burn) ; first and second in individual pistol ^shooting (Lane and Dolfen) ; second and third in individual army rifle shooting, 600 meters (Osburn and Jackson) ; first in pistol team competition; first in individual clay bird (Graham) ; third in miniature rifle team competition, 50 meters ; second in running deer team com- petition ; first in miniature rifle individual competition, 50 meters (Hird) ; third in miniature rifle team competition, 25 meters.
Other events. — In the cycle race, "round the Malar," third in individual competition (Schutte) and third in team competition.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 215
GREAT BRITAIN.
Athletics. — First in 400 meters relay race; second in tug-of- war (the City of London police) ; third in 5,ooo meters (Hut- son) ; first in 1,500 meters (Jackson) ; second in the 10,000 meters walk (Webb) ; third in 200 meters (Applegarth) ; third in the 3,000 meters team race; third in the cross country team competi- tion ; third in the 1,600 meters relav race.
Rowing. — First and third in the eights (Leander and New College) ; first in the sculls (Kinnear) : second in the out-rigged fours (Thames Rowing Club).
Swimming. — Second in 1,500 meters, free style (Hatfield) ; third in the ladies', 100 meters (Miss Fletcher) ; third in 400 meters, breast stroke (Courtman) ; third in ladies', plain diving (Belle White) ; first in water polo; second in 400 meters, free style (Hatfield) ; first in the ladies' 400 meters team race and third in the 800 meters team race.
Shooting. — Second in the army rifle team competition ; second in the clay bird team shooting ; in pistol shooting, 50 meters, third in the individual competition (Stewart), and third in the team competition ; third in the duel shooting team competition ; in miniature rifle shooting, 50 meters, first in the team competition and second and third in the individual competition (Milne and Burt) ; second in miniature rifle team competition, 25 meters.
Tennis. — Covered courts : Second in gentlemen's singles (Dixon) ; third in gentlemen's doubles (Dixon and Beamish) ; first and third in ladies' singles (Mrs. Hannam and Mrs. Par- ton) ; first and second in mixed doubles (Mrs. Hannam and Dixon and Miss Aitchinson and Roper Barrett).
Other events. — In the cycle race, "round the Malar," second in the individual competition (Grubb) and second in the team competition; third in the gymnastic competition II; second in epee fencing team competition; first in foot ball.
FINLAND.
Athletics. — Second in throwing the javelin, best hand (Saar- isto) ; first and third in 10,000 meters (H. Kolehmainen and Stenroos) ; first, second and third in the javelin, right and left (Saaristo, Siikaniemi and Peltonen) ; first in 5,000 meters (H. Kolehmainen) ; third in the weight, right and left (Niklander) ; first in discus, best hand (Taioale) ; first and second in discus, right and left (Taipale and Niklander) ; in the cross country, first in the individual competition (H. Kolehmainen) and second in the team competition.
Shooting. — Third in single shooting at running deer (Toivo- nen) ; third in team shooting at running deer.
216 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Wrestling. — First and second in heavyweight (Saarela, Ohlin) ; third in the middleweight A (Asikainen) ; second in middle- weight B (Doling) ; first in lightweight (Ware) ; first and third in featherweight (Koskelo and Lasanen).
Other events. — Second in gymnastics, competition III ; in yachting, second in the 10 meters class ("Nina") ; third in the 12 meters class ("Heatherbell"), and third in the 8 meters class ("Lucky Girl").
GERMANY.
Athletics. — Second in running high jump (Liesche) ; second in 400 meters (Braun).
Riding. — Second in military team competition (von Rochow, von Liitcken and von Schaesberg) ; second in military individ- ual competition (von Rochow) ; second in individual prize jumping (von Krocher) ; third in prize jumping, team competi- tion (Deloch, Freyer and von Hohenau).
Swimming. — First, second and third in spring-board diving (Gunther, Luber and Behrens) ; first, second and third in 200 meters, breast stroke (Bathe, Lutzow and Malisch) ; first in 400 meters, breast stroke (Bathe) ; second and third in 100 meters, back stroke (Fahr and Kellner) ; second in the ladies' 400 meters team competition; second in fancy diving (Ziirner).
Shooting. — In the clay bird shooting, third in the team competi- tion and second in the individual competition (Goeldel).
Tennis. — Open courts: Second in ladies' singles (Fraulein Koering) ; first in the mixed doubles (Koering and Schom- burgk) ; third in the gentlemen's singles (Kreuzer).
Other events. — Second in featherweight wrestling (Ger- stacher) ; first in the rowing in out-rigged fours (Ludwig- shafen).
FRANCE.
Athletics. — Second in 5,000 meters (Bouin) ; second in the i, 600 meters relay race.
Shooting. — First in the 600 meters army rifle competition (Colas), and first in the 300 meters, individual shooting, any rifle (Colas).
Tennis. — Covered courts: First in the gentlemen's singles (Gobert) ; first in the gentlemen's d ubles (Gobert and Germpt). Open courts : First in the ladies' singles (Mile. Broquedis) ; third in the mixed doubles (Broquedis and Canet) and third in the gentlemen's doubles (Canet and Meny).
Riding. — Third ^in military, individual competition (Captain Cariou) ; first in individual prize jumping (Cariou), and second
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 217
in prize jumping, team competition (Cariou, d'Astafort and Meyer).
Other events. — Second in individual gymnastic competition (Segura) ; in yachting, first in the 6 meters class ("Mac Miche").
DENMARK.
Second and third in the individual shooting competition, any rifle, 300 meters (Madsen and Larsen) ; third in team competi- tion, any rifle, 300 meters; in tennis (covered courts), second in the ladies' singles (Froken Castenschiold) ; third in the heavy- weight wrestling (Jensen) ; third in gymnastics, competition III, second in Swedish gymnastics; second in individual epee fencing (Ossier) ; first in rowing, in. the in-rigged fours; in yachting, second in the 6 meters class ("Nurdug II") ; second in foot ball.
NORWAY.
Second in Pentathlon (Bie) ; third in individual army rifle competition, 300 meters (Skogen), second in team competition, any rifle; in tennis (open courts), third in the ladies' singles (M. Bjurstedt) ; in gymnastics: third in Swedish gymnastics, first in team competition III; in yachting, first in the 12 meters class ("Magda IX")4 and in the 8 meters class ("Taifun").
HUNGARY.
Third in javelin throwing, best hand (Kovacs) ; first in individual army rifle competition, 300 meters (Prokopp); third in wrestling, middleweight B (Bela Varga) ; second in gymnastics, team competition II ; first in the sabre team competition ; first, second and third in individual sabre fencing (Fuchs, Bekessy and Meszaros).
SOUTH AFRICA.
First and second in the Marathon (McArthur and Gitsham) ; first in the cycle race, "round the Malar" (Lewis) ; in tennis (open courts), first and second in the gentlemen's singles (Win- slow and Kitson), and first in the gentlemen's doubles (Kit- son and Winslow).
First in gymnastics, team competition II, first and third in in- dividual gymnastics (Braglia and Tunesi) ; first and second in the individual foil contest (Nadi and Speciale) ; third in the 10,000 meters walk (Altimani).
AUSTRALIA. In swimming: third in 1,500 meters, free style.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
THE PRIZES
The prizes in the Olympic Games consist of Olympic medals and diplo- mas. Each prize medal is accompanied by a diploma. In team events a diploma was awarded to the winning team. In some events challenge cups were presented to the winners, in whose possession they may remain until further notice. The list of cups, with their donors, is as follows (* denotes prize is new) :
ATHLETICS.
Pentathlon — H. M. the King of Sweden* — 1912, James Thorpe, U.S.A. Decathlon — H. M. the Emperor of Russia* — 1912, James Thorpe, U.S.A. Marathon race — H. R. H. the Crown Prince of Greece — 1908, J. J. Hayes,
U.S.A.; 1912, K. K. McArthur, South Africa. Throwing the discus, best hand — Mme. G. de Montgomery — 1908, M. J.
Sheridan, U.S.A.; 1912, Armas Rudolf Taipale, Finland.
WRESTLING.
Heavyweight — The British Company of Gold and Silversmiths — 1908, R. Weisz, Hungary; 1912, Urjo Erik Mikael Saarela, Finland.
FOOT BALL. The British Foot Ball Association — 1908, Great Britain; 1912, Great Britain.
FENCING. Team competition, Epee — The British Fencers — 1908, France; 1912, Bel'
gium. Team competition, sabre — The City of Budapest* — 1912, Hungary.
GYMNASTICS.
Individual competition — The City of Prague — 1908, G. A. Braglia, Italy; 1912, G. A. Braglia, Italy.
HORSE RIDING COMPETITION. "Military" — H. M. the Emperor of Germany* — 1912, Lieut. A. Nordlan-
der, Sweden. Prize riding — H. M. the Emperor of Austria* — 1912, Count Bonde,
Sweden. Prize jumping, individual competition — Count Geza Andrassy* — 1912,
Captain Cariou, France. Prize jumping, team competition — H. M. the King of Italy* — 1912,
Sweden. To that nation whose representatives achieve the best aggregate in all the
horse riding competitions — The Swedish Cavalry* — 1912, Sweden.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 219
MODERN PENTATHLON. Baron Pierre de Coubertin* — 1912, Gustaf Malcolm Lilliehook, Sweden.
ROWING.
Eights — Count Brunetta d'Usseaux — 1908, Leander Club, Great Britain; 1912, Leander Club, Great Britain.
SWIMMING. 1500 meters — Count Brunetta d'Usseaux — 1908, The Amateur Swimming
Association of Great Britain; 1912, George R. Hodgson, Canada. Ladies' high diving — Countess de Casa Miranda* — 1912, Greta Johansson, Sweden.
SHOOTING.
Individual clay bird competition — Lord Westbury — 1908, W. H. Ewing, Canada; 1912, James R. Graham, U.S.A.
YACHTING.
Six meters' class — France — 1908, F. D. McMeekin, Great Britain; 1912, Mac Miche (G. Thube and G. Fitau), France.
220 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
POINTS SCORED
By the different nations in the purely athletic events, on the prin- ciple of three for a first, two for a second and one for a third.
First. Second. Third. Total.
United States 16 12 13 85
Finland 6 4 3 29
Sweden 4 5 5 27
Great Britain 2 2 5 15
Canada I 2 7
South Africa I I 5
Germany — 2 4
France — 2 4
Greece i i 4
Norway — i 2
Italy — I i
Hungary — I i
POINTS SCORED AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE ENTIRE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME.
On the principle of three for a first, two for a second and one
for a third.
From the Dagens Nyheter, Stadion Edition, July 23, 1912.
Country. Firsts. Seconds. Thirds. Points.
Sweden ... 23 24 16 133
America 25 17 20 129
Great Britain 10 15 16 76
Finland 9 8 9 52
Germany 5 13 6 47
France 7 4 3 32
Denmark I 6 4 19
Hungary 3 2 3 16
Norway 3 2 3 16
South Africa 4 2 16
Italy ... 3 i 2 13
Australia , . , 2 2 3 13
Canada f , 3 2 13
Belgium 2 I 3 n
Russia — 2 2 6
Austria — 2 2 6
Greece I I 4
Holland — — 3 3
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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
ROBERT MEANS THOMPSON
Robert Means Thompson was born in Corsica, Pa., March 2, 1849. He is the son of Judge John J. Y. Thompson, for many years Judge of the Jefferson County (Pa.) Court.
Colonel Thompson graduated from the Naval Academy in 1868, resigned from the service in 1871, and studied law at the Dane Law School, Harvard, graduating in 1874. He married Sarah, daugher of Governor William C. Gibbs of Rhode Island, and his one daughter is now the wife of S. H. P. Pell of New York.
For many years Colonel Thompson was President and owner of the Orford Copper Company, which a few years ago was amalgamated with the Canadian Copper Company and formed into the International Nickel Company, of which corporation he is chairman.
Colonel Thompson is President of the United States Naval Academy Alumni Association and a member of the Loyal Legion of New York.
He was elected President of the New York Athletic Club in 1912 and was also President of the American Committee of the Olympic Games, held at Stockholm, Sweden, in 1912. It was largely owing to Colonel Thompson's efforts that the American representation was so large.
Colonel Thompson's summer residence is at Southampton, L. I., and in winter at Washington, D. C. He has always been inter- ested in outdoor sports and is prominent in yachting circles.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 227
NEW YORK RECEPTION
As soon as the news was cabled that the American Olympic athletes had again scored a victory over all the world in track and field athletics, in the Fifth Olympiad at Stockholm, Sweden, athletic enthusiasts who have made athletics popular in America realized that the team should receive a reception.
The leading man in this movement was Mr. Frederick W. Rubien, the vice-president of the Metropolitan Association, a man who has worked hard for the welfare of athletics in this country.
Mr. Rubien in his capacity as vice-president of the Metropoli- tan Association, called a meeting of the Board of Managers, at the Astor House, Broadway and Vesey St., New York City, on Monday evening, July 22nd, for the purpose of discussing plans for a fitting reception to the victorious American Olympic Team upon its return from Stockholm, Sweden.
It was decided at this meeting that a monster celebration should be arranged by the citizens of New York, and that a com- mittee be appointed to call on His Honor, Mayor William J. Gaynor, and ask for his co-operation. The following committee was appointed and called on Mayor Gaynor on Friday, July 26th:
F. W. Rubien T. L. Matsukes
P. J. Conway Capt. P. J. Walsh
Dr. John M. Breen Com. Alexander Ferris
Dr. E. W. Stitt John J. Walsh
William J. Lee Com. Jeremiah T. Mahoney
John J. Diegnan Major D. J. Murphy
W. L. Jones H. S. Quinn
H. Obertubbesing Jacob W. Stumpf
John P. Boyle Robert Adamson
S. Lindenfelser Joseph D. Kavanagh
William A. Johnston J. M. Connolly
Andrew F. Tully Robert C. Kamraerer
The Mayor received the above named members of the com- mittee very cordially, and was heartily in favor of the move- ment started by the Metropolitan Association, and agreed to do all in his power to make the celebration a success, and also promised to appoint a Citizens' Reception Committee.
A cable was then sent to the American Commissioner abroad asking for the naming of a date when the team would return to America. As soon as word was received that all members of
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
229
the team would be in New York City not later than August 21 st, a meeting of the committee appointed on July 22nd, which was to be known as the Plan and Scope Committee, was called at the New York Athletic Club on Monday evening, July 2Qth, and preparation started for the reception to the victorious team.
In order to suitably commemorate the glorious victory of the American Olympic team, it was decided that a parade should take place, composed of United States troops, State militia and civic organizations, and that a banquet also be tendered to the team. Through the courtesy of Messrs. Werba and Leuscher of the Globe Theatre, a theatre party was added to the programme.
In accordance with his promise of July 26th, His Honor the Mayor, on August 7th, appointed a committee of 165 with Dr. George F. Kunz, chairman, Hon. Victor J. Bowling and Dn. John H. Finley, vice-chairmen ; Frederick W. Rubien, secretary, and Victor F. Ridder, treasurer.
In accordance with a resolution adopted at the meeting of the Plan and Scope Committee on July 2Qth, the following sub- committees were appointed :
MILITARY COMMITTEE.
Maj. Gen. John F. O'Ryan,
Chairman.
Music COMMITTEE. W. L. Jones, Chairman.
AUTOMOBILE COMMITTEE. Patrick J. Conway, Chairman.
PRINTING COMMITTEE. Hugh S. Quinn, Chairman.
POLICE COMM.ITTEE. John J. Walsh, Chairman.
Civic COMMITTEE. Maj. Daniel J. Murphy, Chairman.
DINNER COMMITTEE. Jeremiah T. Mahoney, Chairman.
GUARD OF HONOR COMMITTEE. Dr. Edward W. Stitt, Chairman.
THEATRE COMMITTEE. Dr. John M. Breen, Chairman.
DECORATION COMMITTEE. H. Obertubbesing, Chairman.
BADGE COMMITTEE. George P. Matthews, Chairman.
HOSPITALITY COMMITTEE. Robert C. Kammerer, Chairman.
At a meeting of the Plan and Scope Committee on Wednesday, August 7th, at Room 611, Pulitzer Building, New York City, the headquarters of the committee, it was regularly adopted that the invitation of Messrs. Werba and Leuscher of the Globe Theatre for the team to attend a performance of the Rose Maid as the guests of the management be accepted for the even- ing of Friday, August 23rd, and that on Saturday, August 24th, the monster parade take place at ten o'clock in the morning and on the evening of the same day, at Terrace Garden, New York City, a banquet would be tendered to the team.
230 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Through the efforts of Hon. Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War, and General Tasker H. Bliss, a battalion of Coast Ar- tillery was ordered out from Governor's Island and took part in the parade.
As it was impossible to secure any city money to defray the expenses of this reception the money had to be collected by public subscription. A letter was sent out to over five thousand prominent men in New York City and its vicinity, asking them to contribute to the fund for defraying the expenses of this celebration, and over $2,000 was received.
The celebration started on Friday evening, August 23rd, with a theatre party at the Globe Theatre and about 100 members of the team were present.
On Saturday morning at nine o'clock the members of the team assembled at Fifty-ninth Street and Park Avenue, and were assigned to automobiles for the parade which started from Fortieth Street and Fifth Avenue, at 10 A. M.
The division which represented America at the Olympic games were grouped in automobiles as follows :
First — Matthew P. Halpin, New York A.C., manager; Paul Pilgrim, New York A.C., assistant manager.
Second — Platt Adams and Ben Adams, New York A.C., jumpers.
Third— Ralph Craig, Detroit Y.M.C.A., sprinter; David S. Caldwell, Massachusetts Agricultural College, middle distance runner.
Fourth — John Becht, Newark, bicycle rider.
Fifth — Tel S. Berna, Cornell University, distance runner; George V. Bonhag, Irish-American A.C., distance runner. .
Sixth — Harry S. Babcock, New York A.C., pole vaulter; Clar- ence C. Childs, New York A.C., hammer thrower.
Seventh — J. W. Burdick, University of Pennsylvania, high jumper; Frank Coyle, Chicago University, pole vaulter; Louis Tewanima, Carlisle Indian School, distance runner.
Eighth — Gordon Dukes, New York A.C., pole vaulter; James J. Donohue, Los Angeles A.C., all around athlete.
Ninth — Egon Erickson, Mott Haven A.C., high jumper; Joseph B. Forshaw, Missouri A.C., marathon runner.
Tenth — Harry J. Grumpelt, New York A.C., high jumper; Simon P. Gillis, New York A.C... hammer thrower.
Eleventh — Harry "Hellawell, New York A.C., distance runner ; Harry Hebner, Illinois A.C., swimmer.
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 28l
Twelfth — Dr. Graeme M. Hammond, New York A.C., fencer; George H. Breed, Fencers' Club, fencer; W. L. Bowman, New York A.C., fencer; Lieut. Rayner, U.S.A., fencer.
Thirteenth — Abel R. Kiviat, Irish-American A.C., middle dis- tance runner; William J. Kramer, Long Island A.C., distance runner.
Fourteenth — Duke Kahanamoku, Hawaii, swimmer; Wallace McCurdy, University of Pennsylvania, distance runner.
Fifteenth — Fred Kaiser, New York A.C., walker; Joseph Kop- sky, Morningside A.C., bicycle rider.
Sixteenth — Pat McDonald, Irish-American A.C., weight thrower; Matt McGrath, Irish-American A.C., hammer thrower.
Seventeenth — Donald F. Lippincott, University of Pennsylvania, sprinter; Nicholas Nerich, New York A.C., swimmer.
Eighteenth — Mike Ryan, Irish-American rv.C, marathon run- ner; J. J. Reynolds, Irish-American A.C., marathon runner; James H. Reilly, New York A.C., swimmer.
Nineteenth — Ted Meredith, Mercersburg Academy, middle distance runner; Alvah T. Meyer, Irish-American A.C., sprinter.
Twentieth— Charles D. Reidpath, New York A.C., middle dis- tance runner; Wesley M. Oler, Jr., New York A.C., high jumper.
Twenty-first — Arthur McAleenan, New York A.C., swimmer; Edward Fitzgerald, New York A.C., distance runner.
Twenty-second — James Thorpe, Carlisle Indian School, all around athlete.
Twenty-third — Norman S. Taber, Brown University, middle distance runner; Rupert B. Thomas, Princeton University, sprinter.
Twenty-fourth — Edward M. Pritchard, Irish-American A.C., hurdler; Jesse Pike, Century Road Club, cyclist.
Twenty-fifth — Gaston Strobino, South Pater son A.C., marathon runner; Sam Schwartz, Walkers' Club, pedestrian.
Twenty-sixth — Harry Smith, New York, marathon runner; Edward Renz, Mohawk A.C, walker.
Twenty-seventh — Jerome Steinert, Hicksville, L. I., cyclist; Lieut. Sprout, U.S.A., marksman.
Twenty-eighth — Melvin W. Sheppard, Irish-American A.C., middle distance runner; Jack Eller, Irish-American A.C., hurd- ler; Ben. Sherman, New York A.C., hammer thrower.
Twenty-ninth—James T. Wendell, New York A.C., hurdler;
232 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Clement P. Wilson, Coe College, sprinter ; A. P. Lane, marks- man.
Thirtieth — Garnett Wikoff, Ohio University, distance runner; Al. Voellmeke, Pastime A.C., walker.
The parade was considered equal to that of the one in 1908, and was reviewed at City Hall by His Honor, Mayor William J. Gaynor, Hon. Magnus Clarkson, Swedish Consul, Commis- sioner to the Olympic Games James E. Sullivan, Grand Marshal of Parade Gen. Geo. R. Dyer, Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Dr. George F. Kunz, Col. Robert M. Thompson, Gustavus T. Kirby, Evert Jansen Wendell, Hugh H. Baxter, General George W. Wingate, Frederick W. Rubien, Jacob W. Stumpf, Jeremiah T. Mahoney, Patrick J. Conway, Terence Farley and A. G. Sivori.
The feature of this reception, which was accorded as one of the best, was the guard of honor of about 12,000 boys and girls from the playgrounds under Supervisor William J. Lee, and public schools, under direction of Dr. Edward W. Stitt. These children were massed along the curb from Fortieth Street to City Hall and were drilled in the official Olympic cheer : 'Rah, 'Rah, 'Ray; U. S. A. ; A-M-E-R-I-C-A, ; , Olympic, Olympic, Olympic.
Another important feature of the parade was a delegation of about 200 boys from the different gymnasiums and play- grounds of the Public Recreation Commission, under the leadership of Bascom Johnson, secretary. These boys carried a banner which read : "The future Olympic Champions pay tribute to the present Olympic Champions."
On account of the friendly feeling which existed between the representatives of the United States and Sweden at the Olympic Games the committee decided that the Swedes in America should have a prominent part in the reception and it was arranged that a guard of honor, composed of members of the United Swedish Societies, should have the position next to the team in the line of march. Through t«he efforts of Dr. Hoving this guard of honor was formed and, dressed in native costumes, formed one of the best features of the parade.
A gathering of about five hundred attended the dinner at Terrace Garden on the evening of the 24th of August, com- posed of members of the team, Swedish societies and old-time athletes.
Mr. Jeremiah T. Mahoney. chairman of the D'nner Com- mittee, before introducing the toastmaster, Hon. Victor J. Dow- ling, and the other speakers read the following communications :
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 233
THE WHITE HOUSE.
MR. F. W. RUBIEN, August 3, 1912.
Chairman Plan and Scope Committee,
611 Pulitzer Building, New York City.
The President regrets his inability to accept the cordial invi- tation extended to him to attend the welcoming reception to the victorious American Olympic Team on August 24th, but in this way desires to convey to all those who are to participate in it his good wishes for a happy and successful occasion.
CARMI A. THOMPSON, Secretary to the President.
MY DEAR MR. RUBIEN: Au§- 2I> I912-
I thank you very much for your telegram, but it is with great regret that I must send word that it is a physical impossibility for me to be present at the official celebration by the citizens of New York City to the returning victorious American Olympic Team on Saturday next. May I, through you, tender my hearti- est wishes to the victors? I only wish I could see them out here at Oyster Bay and shake hands with them, but I suppose they could hardly come. Like every other American, I take the most genuine pride in their feats.
Very sincerely yours,
Mr. F. W. Rubien, (Signed) THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
Secretary Citizens' Reception Committee, New York City.
THE WHITE HOUSE. DEAR SIR: August 16, 1912.
The President directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of August I5th, and to thank you very cordially for the compliment implied in the invitation which you extend to him, and which, owing to the press of official business, he has regret- fully to decline.
With renewed assurances of the appreciation of your courtesy,
1 am' Very truly yours,
(Signed) CARMI THOMPSON
Mr. Jeremiah T. Mahoney, Secretary to the President.
Room 611, 63 Park Row, New York, N. Y.
284 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
August 2ist, 1912. MY DEAR SIR:
1 beg to express my sincere thanks for the kind invitation tendered me to be present at the parade and banquet in honor of the American Olympic Team.
To my deep regret I am not, however, in a position to accept this invitation as much as I would like to accept it, due to> previous engagements for that day.
Assuring you that I am highly enthusiastic over the splendid work the American Team did in Stockholm this summer, and that it should have given me pleasure to have been able to be present in New York next Saturday, I am,
Very truly yours,
(Signed) W. A. EKENGREN,
Minister of Sweden. Mr. Frederick W. Rubien, • Room 611, Pulitzer Building, New York City.
August i;th, 1912. MY DEAR MR. MAHONEY :
I am very much obliged to you for the interesting invitation conveyed by your letter of August fifteenth, but regret to find that it is literally impossible for me to be present at the dinner to be tendered the American athletes on their return to this country. It would give me great pleasure to join in rendering them this honor, but, unhappily, I am so bound by engagement that it is literally impossible.
Cordially and sincerely yours,
(Signed) WOODROW WILSON. Mr. Jeremiah T. Mahoney, New York City.
The toastmaster was Hon. Victor J. Dowling, and the speakers of the evening, Hon. James E. Sullivan, American Commissioner to the Olympic Games at Stockholm, Sweden ; Col. Robert M. Thompson, president American Olympic Committee ; Gustavus T. Kirby, president of the Amateur Athletic Union; Evert Jan- sen Wendell, member of the International Olympic Committee and member of the American Olympic Committee ; Dr. George R Kunz, chairman Citizens' Reception Committee, and Hon, Magnus Clarkson, Swedish Consul,
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. £35
THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
PRESIDENT.
BARON PIERRE DE COUBERTIN.
MEMBERS.
Australia— R. Coombes. Austria — Prince Otto von Windisch-Gratz. Count Rud. von Colloredo-Mannsfeld. Bohemia — Dr. Jiri Guth. Belgium — Count Henry de Baillet-Latour. Bulgaria — E.-N. Tzokow. Canada — Brig. General Sir Hanbury Williams. Chili — Professor O. N. Garcia. Denmark — Captain Torben Grut. Egypt — Angejo C. Bolanachi. England — Lord Desborough of Taplow; Rev. R. S. de Courcy Laffan; Th. A. Cook. France — A. Ballif; Count Alb. de Bertier de Sauvigny; E. Callot. Ger- many— Count A. F. Sierstorpff; Count C. von Wartensleben; Baron von Venningen. Greece — Count Alex. Mercati. Holland — Baron F. W. de Tuyll de Serooskerken. Hungary — Count Geza Andrassy; Jules de Muzsa. Italy — Count Eugene Brunetta d'Usseaux; Attilio Brunialti. Japan — Dr. Jigoro Kano. Luxemburg — Maurice Pescatore. Mexico- — Miguel de Beis- tegui. Monaco — Count Albert Gautier-Vignal. Norway — Captain Johan Sverre. Peru — Carlos F. de Candamo. Portugal — Dr. D. A. de Lancastre. Roumania— Georges A. Plagfno. Russia— Count de Ribeaupierre; Prince L6on Oroussoff. Finland — Baron R: F. von Willebrand. Spain — Marquis de Villarnejor. Sweden — Colonel V. G. Balck; Count Clarence von Rosen. Switzerland — Baron Godefroy , de Blonay. Turkey — Selim Sirri Bey. United States of America — Professor W. M. Sloane; Allison V. Armour; Evert J. Wendell.
MATRON.
H. M: THE KING OF- SWEDEN.
SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE.
Honorary .President— H. R. Hv THE CROWN PRINCE of Sweden. Presi- dent— Colonel' V. G. Balck. Vice-President — J. S. Edstrom. ' Members— B. F. Burman,. Captain E. ' FrestadiuS, F. af Sandebe-rg,' N. Thisell. Deputy Members— -Ds. A. Levin, Lieutenant G. G:son Uggla. Adjoint Members — Colonel Baron S. D. A. Hermelin, Captain O. Holtermann, Chamberlain to H. M. The King; S. N. Linner, Under-Secretary of State; F. Lowenadler, Chamberlain; W. Murray, Under-Secretary of State;- Count Clarence von Rosen, Harald Sohlman. Secretary — Kristian Hellstrom.
ADVERTISING COMMITTEE.
President— C. L. Kornerup. Secretary — Kristian Hellstrom. Editor of the Brochure — Gustaf Asbrink, B. A. Members— E. Molin, C. Hellberg.
. . HOUSING COMMITTEE.
President — Captain Otto Bergstrom. Secretary — C. Fries, B.A. Mem- bers— W. Ekstrom, Kristian Hellstrom, Colonel Baron S. D. A. Hermelin, N. Thisell, O. W. Wahlquist.
RECEPTION COMMITTEE.
President — Captain E. Frestadius. Secretary- — Nils Lundgren. Members — B. F. Burman, Gunnar Frestadius, Colonel Baron S. D. A. Hermelin, Captain C. Silfverstolpe. . . _
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 237
HOW THE TEAM TRAINED ON THE FINLAND
BY MANAGER M. P. HALPIN.
Entries for the track and field events, which made up the major and most important portion of the Olympic programme, closed in Sweden on June 14, 1912, and the entry blanks, properly filled out, were required to be in Stockholm on that date. As the team was not selected until June 10, it necessitated that the entry blanks of every athlete who it was thought had a possible chance of making the team be secured and forwarded to Sweden, subject to cancellation. After the team was selected, on June 10, the names of those definitely selected were imme- diately cabled to the Swedish Olympic Committee and the bal- ance cancelled.
The collecting of these entry blanks with the signatures of the hundreds of athletes throughout the United States was obviously a considerable task and was accomplished only with great diffi- culty. To show how well the work was done, after the try-outs in the different sections of the country, it was found there were only three men overlooked in the whole United States, and in these cases it was the fault of their club or association. How- ever, through the kindness of the Swedish Olympic Committee, these three entries were accepted by cable.
The American team was formally organized at the New York Athletic Club on Thursday evening, June 13. Out of the selec- tions— one hundred and eight men on the track and field team, nine swimmers, nine bicycle men and one wrestler — there were only a few absentees and these, men had not yet arrived in New York or else presented reasonable excuses. Addresses were made by Colonel Robert M. Thompson, President of the Amer- ican Olympic Committee, and Mr. Bartow S. Weeks, a member of the American Committee and also Chairman of the Trans- portation Committee.
The team sailed for Stockholm on the S. S. Finland from New York promptly at 9 o'clock, as scheduled, on Friday morn- ing, June 14, and officials in the steamship and customs service say that the farewell given to the American team was the greatest ever given to any team or party leaving America. The National colors predominated and it was a sight long to be remembered.
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As a more detailed account of the voyage is given elsewhere, a short resume of the programme only is appended.
The trip from New York to Antwerp was an unusually good one, the sea being very quiet, except one day, which gave the men ample opportunity to keep in good condition. There was only two or three cases of sea sickness and they only lasted for a couple of days. The officers of the Finland did every- thing possible to aid in making the athletes comfortable and were always most anxious to do anything that would enable the athletes to practice their specialties. They built uprights for the high jumpers and had other apparatus installed to help condition the men. The management is also indebted to the athletic clubs of New York, who furnished wrestling mats, which were used not only for the one wrestler on the team but also by the runners, who did considerable jogging on same.
The sprinters worked out in the morning, starting at 10:30; the jumpers at 11:00; the quarter and half-milers at 3:00; the milers and distance men at 3 :3O, and the marathon men and walkers at 4 :6o o'clock. The weight men worked on the forward deck both morning and afternoon.
On the arrival of the steamer at Antwerp, about ten o'clock on the morning of June 24, the writer instantly made prepara- tions to locate suitable grounds on which the men could train, and through the courtesy of President Paul Havenith, of the Beershot A. C., was very successful. While the arena did not contain a running track, it answered the purpose better. The men trained on the large polo field, which was an elegant piece of turf, as level as a billiard table and about 350 by TOO yards. Training on this turf was much better for the men than a hard track, as it kept the men's legs in better condition. In addition to the polo field there was also ten clay tennis courts, a foot ball and a cricket field and a second foot ball field, where the weight men threw the hammer and discus and put the shot. The jumpers and pole vaulters worked out behind the grand stand of the main cricket and foot ball field, where they were permitted to dig pits, etc. The Eeershot A. C. officials also fur- nished the team with hurdles and jumping uprights, and every one concerned felt that the team was very fortunate in finding such an ideal place. The men worked on Monday afternoon, twice on Tuesday and on Wednesday morning, before the ship sailed for Stockholm. The Finland sailed from Antwerp for Stockholm at 12:00 o'clock on Wednesday, June 26, and no fur- ther work was indulged in until Sweden was reached four days later.
240 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
ORGANIZATION OF SPORTS IN SWEDEN
Athletics in Sweden are organized on a very firm basis, it having been found possible to unite the various special associa- tions representing those branches of sport that do not require exercise without expensive arrangements and apparatus, into one common confederation called the "National Association of the Swedish Gymnastic and Athletic Clubs." By this means it has been possible to introduce uniform rules, promote co-operation between the association and, by means of one common direction of the whole, support, promote and direct the athletic life of the country.
The National, Association is the .highest authority in the active Swedish athletic movement, and consists of representatives, first, from sections, each of which sends two members, and, secondly, from the district associations, which send one delegate for every full five hundred members up to a total of, at most, twelve rep- resentatives. The General Meeting of the National Association decides all questions as to rules and other matters of great importance or which deal with the fundamental principles of the Association.
The General Meeting of the Association elects a special Board or committee of thirty persons, which forms the final court of appeal in athletic matters. In addition, the General Meeting elects a Rules Committee, which has to consider and report on proposed alterations of rules and other regulations.
The Board prepares the agenda of the meeting, ratifies the instructions, determinations, and rules for every branch of sport, and decides questions which do not belong to the domain of the General Meeting. The Board elects from among its own mem- bers an AdDoinjstrjjiYe...£pjTimittee, which has to deal with the current business and to manage the finances of the National Association.
The athletic clubs are affiliated both to special associations and also to the respective district associations. Each club pays a very low fee to the association to which it is affiliated. In order for an athletic club to become a member of a special association it is necessary for the club to show that it really^practises^he form of athletics it professes to exercise. No fees7on"tne other hand, are paid to the district associations, but the fees for the several clubs are paid instead in their entirety to the National
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Association, and are calculated according to the numerical strength of the clubs.
H. R. H. the Crown Prince of Sweden has been the president of the National Association and its Board ever since the forma- tion of this body.
There are thus special associations for athletics, canoeing, cycling, fencing, foot ball, golf, gymnastics, lawn tennis, rowing, skate-sailing, skating and swimming, each of which has the inde- pendent care of its special branch of sport, and represents its branch in all dealings with abroad, but co-operates with the Board of the National Association. The clubs forming a special association hold a meeting every year, and this meeting makes its decisions in agreement with the rules and regulations approved by the National Association. It also appoints a com- mittee which has charge of the affairs of the Association, strives to promote the jrtfe.raftts and growth of $e branch nLjjQort in question, investigates cases of disputed amateurship, arranges championship matches, and, in a word, has the technical direction of the said sport.
The district associations, twenty-one in number, are, for the most part, divided into branches whose limits agree with those of the Swedish provinces. To each district association are affili- ated all the athletic clubs existing within its boundaries. It is the task of these district associations, controlled by the special associations, to be the directing power for every branch of sport in their respective districts, to see that championship meetings for the district, etc., are arranged, and also to decide questions regarding athletics that may arise within the respective terri- tories. The district associations work in agreement with uni- form regulations which have been approved by the National Association. The administration of the district associations is in the hands of a committee elected at a general meeting of the clubs affiliated to the district association or, in the case of the larger district associations, is undertaken by special committees for the various branches of sport.
As far as the economical position of the National Association is concerned, it should be said that the Swedish State has assisted the Association by allowing it to start a lottery which has cre- ated a capital giving an annual income available for adminis- trative support, amounting to about $5.500. In addition to this, the National Association has an income derived from the annual fees of the clubs.
In order to encourage the exercise of athletics in general, and, more especially, the keeping up of these pursuits after attaining manhood, the National Association has issued an "Athletic Badge" which can be awarded to every sportsman who is a
242 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Swedish subject, belongs to some club affiliated to the National Association, and who has merited the distinction in accordance with the conditions mentioned below.
The badge has three distinct grades and, in agreement with these, is awarded in bronze, silver and gold.
The bronze badge is granted to every athlete who, during the course of one and the same calendar year, passes one test in each group of exercises. The sportsman who, during each and every one of four years (whether in succession or not) passes one test in each group, is entitled to the silver badge, while the one who satisfies the same conditions during each of eight years (whether successive or not), is entitled to the gold badge. That athlete, however, who, during the course of the year when he reaches his thirty-second birthday, or at a later date, passes one test in every group, shall also be awarded the gold badge, irrespective of whether he has previously obtained the other badges or not.
The tests shall be carried out at places and times determined by the committee of the proper club, or at matches of which due notice has been given. Every test shall be verified by two judges.
The acquisition of a badge of a higher degree nullifies the right of bearing badges of a lower degree previously gained.
The tests which must be passed in order to gain the athletic badge are divided into the following five groups :
Group I. — Swimming 200 meters (swimming test) or gym- nastics.
Group II. — High jump, minimum, 135 centimeters ; or long jump, minimum, 475 centimeters.
Group III. — Running 100 meters, maximum time, 13 seconds ; or running 400 meters, maximum time, 65 seconds ; or running 1,500 meters, maximum time, 5 minutes 15 seconds.
Group IV. — Fencing or throwing the discus, minimum, 40 meters; or throwing the javelin, minimum, 50 meters; or putting the weight, minimum, 16 meters.
Group V. — Running 10,000 meters, maximum time, 50 minutes ; or swimming 1,000 meters, maximum time, 28 minutes; or skating 10,000 meters, maximum time, 25 minutes ; or running on skis 20,000 meters cross country, maximum time, 2 hours 15 minutes; or cycling (on road) 20,000 meters, maximum time, 50 minutes ; or taking part in the final of a league foot ball match or in a match for the Swedish Foot Ball Championship.
The first association of importance for the promotion of ath- letics in Sweden is the "Central Association for the Promotion of Athletics." It is true that there were a great number of ath- letic clubs at an earlier date, but there existed no central, direct- ing body cementing these together, while, in addition, these clubs
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 243
did not possess the economic resources necessary for the arrange- ment of, or participation in, athletic gatherings of importance, or for representing Sweden at similar meetings abroad. Neither did the clubs possess the necessary means for the creation of athletic grounds. In order to promote these interests and in order to spread a knowledge of, and awaken the public interest in athletics', the above mentioned Central Association was founded in the year 1897. As a consequence of the work of the Central Association the importance of athletics as an educational factor in the development of the nation became more and more acknowledged, and practical athletics gradually began to gain a fast footing in the everyday life of the Swedish people.
The two great athletic organizations, the Central Association and the National Association, have agreed to so choose their spheres of activity that the Central Association is the highest authority as regards the economical direction of Swedish ath- letics, while the National Association forms the highest court of appeal in questions pertaining to the organization and direction of sport. On all great occasions in the world of athletics, how- ever, such as the Olympic Games, etc., Sweden is represented by both organizations in common.
The homework on which the Central Association has chiefly concentrated its efforts has been the encouragement, support and establishment of athletic grounds all over the country. Chiefly by its own resources the Central Association has thus created, and still supports, the principal athletic grounds in Stockholm, viz., the Ostermalm Athletic Grounds, which boast three foot ball fields, running tracks, and spaces for jumping and throwing, etc., in addition to a first-class lawn tennis hall with two covered courts and two outdoor courts. These grounds have cost about $55,000 and were of great service during the Olympic Games, as they lie quite close to the newly created Stadium and were reserved as training grounds for the athletes taking part in the games.
It is on account of the action of the Central Association, both by means of members belonging to the International Olym- pic Committee and also as a result of the sanction of the State and the co-operation of the National Association, that Sweden was able to accept the task of arranging the recent Olympic Games, which was offered to Sweden at the Congress of the International Olympic Committee in Berlin, 1909.
The most important work for the promotion of Swedish ath- letics that has been done by the Central Association is, however, the establishment of the "Northern Games," which, with the Olympic Games as their prototype, were arranged by the Central Association in Stockholm for the first time in 1901. As the title
244 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
indicates, these games embrace chiefly those sports which are practised in winter in the northern lands of Europe, such as ski running and skating in all their various forms, ice yachting, skate-sailing, bandy, toboganning and kicking-sledge, riding, hunting, steeple chases and other riding competitions in deep snow, the drawing of ski runners by horsemen for a distance of forty-two miles, rifle shooting by ski runners, military cross- country running matches, and long distance despatch-carrying "fiery-cross" running on skis for a distance of 120 miles ; in a word, competitions in all kinds of winter athletics. In addition to these, fencing and gymnastics always form part of the pro- gramme of the Northern Games, the gymnastics being taken in connection with national peasant dances, northern music and pic- tures from the history of Sweden. Since the building of the large swimming baths very interesting swimming matches have also formed part of the programme. The budget of the Northern Games amounts to about $20,000.
These Northern Games, as they are called, the aim of which is to show the present position of sports in the North and espe- cially in Sweden, are repeated regularly every fourth year in Stockholm, always during the second week of February, and last for nine days. It is true they are intended for the Northern countries of Europe and, in the first place, to test Sweden's own sportsmen, but the sportsmen of other countries are also invited to take part in these matches, while all who have an interest in the games are invited to be present.
The Northern Games were first held in 1901, repeated in 1905 and in 1909, and will thus be held again in 1913.
SPALDINCTS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 245
NOW FOR BERLIN IN 1916
BY J. E. SULLIVAN.
A capital suggestion, and one that no doubt will be worked out very successfully, has been made by Mr. Bartow S. Weeks of New York, a member of the American Olympic Committee of 1912. Mr. Weeks suggests that a permanent American Olympic Association be created for the purpose of supporting future American Olympic teams and that an annual fee of say, five dollars, be charged for each member. This suggestion was made with the belief that there exists in this country thousands of good sportsmen who would gladly enroll in such an organization for the furtherance of the Olympic Idea. The funds that will be collected in this manner are not to be used at all in preparatory training expenses, but will be devoted exclusively to the legiti- mate expenses of the American Olympic team after it has been selected, which will be some time in May, 1916.
That the Olympic Games at Berlin will surpass all previous events of the kind goes without saying. With the patronage of Emperor William, whose enthusiasm for everything that tends to the betterment of the German race is well known, no effort will be spared to show the world the superiority of the German ath- letes, and, judging from the remarkable performances of the comparatively few athletes who have represented Germany at previous Olympic Games, there must be untold wealth of athletic material in the German empire, which, with characteristic Ger- man thoroughness of preparation, will be in evidence at Berlin in 1916.
It has been suggested that after the various events that go to make up the Olympic programme have been promulgated by the German Olympic Committee all promoters of athletic meets include in their programmes similar events, so that the American athletes will have plenty of practice.
It is to be hoped that the German Olympic Committee will ask for and give consideration to the suggestions of other nations before deciding upon the programme, that sufficient time for preparation may be had.
All in all the Olympic Games of 1916 will be a world event in the true sense of the word, and may we all be there to again cheer when "Old Glory" is hoisted to denote an American victory.
246 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
OLYMPIC FUND CONTRIBUTIONS
To the great generosity of the American people is due the success of the American representatives at the Olympic Games at Stockholm in 1912. When it is considered that the contribu- tions were devoted to the expenses of the team exclusively and that the entire amount was collected by voluntary contributions, without a subsidy in any shape or form from the Government or from any State or municipality, it is all the more remark- able. Prior to the departure of the team not one cent was spent for an athlete's expenses, for a manager or official. The American Olympic Committee paid the expenses of the athletes uoon their arrival in New York to take the steamer for Stock- holm on June I4th.
The members of the Committee and the officers worked for several years on the organization of a team to represent the United States at the Fifth Olympiad. They gave up their valu- able time and traveled at their own expense. It did not cost the American Committee one cent for organization.
The finances of the American Olympic Committee were at- tended to by Mr. Julian W. Curtiss of New York, as Treasurer, who served in the same capacity for the American Committee for the Fourth Olympiad, at London in 1908. Mr. Bartow S. Weeks of New York was Chairman of the Transportation Com- mittee and under his direction were made all the arrangements for the charter of the Finland and the accommodations for the athletes in Stockholm.
Last, but not least, to Col. R. M. Thompson, President of the American Olympic Committee, are due the thanks of the nation. His unbounded faith in the ability of the American athlete to conquer the world led him to advance and contribute a large amount to the fund.
TREASURER CURTISS' REPORT.
Received from sale of passenger ac- commodations on S. S. Finland.. $55,453.72
Contributions including $13,500 from Colonel Robert M. Thompson — 69,915.62
$125,369.34 Expenses 123,564.75
Cash on hand, Treasurer $1,804.59
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS
247
The following is a list of contributors to the Olympic Fund of 1912.
Boston Try-outs $10,375
Chicago contribution, through
E. C. Brown 4,625
Members New York A.C 3,812.50
Chicago A.A 3,55o
Metropolitan Assn., A.A.U., $500; Celtic Park Meet- ing, $1,800 2,300
New England Committee, through H. Hornblower,
Treas 2,225
Intercollegiate A. A.A. A 1,800
Revolver Association i ,500
Olympic Club, San Francisco. Col. Robt. M. Thompson, N.Y. 1,000 Allison V. Armour, N. Y. ... 1,000 Amateur Athletic Union of
the United States 1,000
Illinois A.C., Chicago 1,000
Bicycle team4 through R. F.
Kelsey i ,000
Bicycle Team Fund 700
San Francisco Examiner 600
Dartmouth College 509
A. G. Spalding & Bros 500
J. P. Morgan, New York .... 500 Andrew Carnegie, New York. C. K. G. Billings, New York. John D. Rockefeller, Chicago.
T. C. DuPont, Maryland
M. Hartley Dodge, New York Pittsburgh A.C
Newsboys' meeting ......... $ 187.95
Entry fees Eastern try-outs.. 178 Cotton Exchange, through J. Riordan .................. 165
University of Chicago ....... 150
Amateur Fencers' League.... 150
George L. Hunter, Boston... 100 A. Paul Keith, Boston, Mass. 100 S. H. P. Pell & Co., N. Y... 100 Huckleberry Indians, New
York A.C., New York ..... 100
City A.C., New York ........ 100
M. F. Plant, New York ...... 100
',068.45 C. W. Harkness, New York.. Renskorf, Lyon & Co., N. Y. Gwathmey & Co., New York. G. H. McFadden & Bro., N.Y C. Ledyard Blair, New York.
500 500 500 500 500 500
:tsburgh
George T. Gould 500
H. F. McCormick 500
Southern Pacific Association,
A.A.U., Los Angeles 500
Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago 500 Irish-American A.C., through
P. J. Cpnway 385
Yale University A.A., New
Haven, Conn 300
Amateur Fencers 300
W. M. Oler 300
Frederic B. Pratt, Brooklyn. 250
George D. Pratt, New York. 250
S. R. Guggenheim, New York 250
Military A.L., New York.... 250
Boston A.A., Boston, Mass.... 250
Missouri A.C, St. Louis 250
Multnomah A.A. Club, Port- land, Ore 250
Brown University 250
Lee, Higginson & Co., N. Y,. 200
Hugh H. Baxter, New York. 200
' E. Faber 200
Univ. of Pennsylvania A.A. . . 200
100
IOO IOO IOO IOO IOO IOO IOO IOO IOO
J. G. Bourne, New York .....
Robert Tod, New York ......
August Belmont, New York.. Lewisohn Bros., New York. . Anheuser-Busch Brew. Assn. . R. A. Sassen, N.Y.A.C ....... 100
Princeton A.A ............... 100
Baltimore A.C ............... 100
H. L. Pratt ................. 100
Detroit Y.M.C.A ............. 100
Lembeck & Betz Brewing Co.. 100 T. M. Creamer ..............
R. W. Kelly ............... .
St. Louis, through Bland .....
Buffalo, through E. Reinecke. St. Agnes A.C., New York... Metropolitan Life A.A ......
Wm. Allen Butler ...........
American Metal Co., N. Y... Mohawk A.C ................
University of Michigan ......
Harry Content ..............
David H. Miller, Cotton Ex-
change, New. York. . T ......
R. B. Thomas, New York ____
Charles Steele, New York ____
Royce & Co., New York .....
Riordan Schloss, New York.. Deal Beach Swimming Club. . A. G. Mills, New York ......
George Wright, Boston, Mass. Charles H. Carter, Boston... Edward E. Babb, Boston .....
Middle Atlantic Assn. A.A.U. Meadowbrook Club, Philadel-
phia, Pa ...................
W. J. Lemp Brewing Co., St.
Louis .................... 50
100 100
96.50
86
75
75
75
50
50
50
50
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
50
248
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
J. T. Brush :..$
St. Louis Democrat
Pacific Northwest Assn
S. C. Davis & Co., St. Louis.
R. B. Thomas
S. W. Childs' Office
Cash, through Pell & Co., N. Y.
Newsboys, through Jack Sulli- van
Pentathlon Try-outs
Hollywood Inn Club, Yon- kers, N. Y
E. J. Wendell
New York Turn Verein
D. G. Herring.
Duryea, Tappin & Co 25
Spencer Waters, Cotton Ex- change, New York 25
Cash, Cotton Exchange, N. Y. 25 Alexander & Co., Cotton Ex- change, New York 25
Erasmus Hall H.S., N. Y. . . . 25
University of Virginia 25
Robert Maxwell, New York. . 25
C. H. DeWitt & Co., N. Y... 25
R. J. Ferris, New York 25
Grossman Sielcken, New York 25
J. H. Abeel, New York 25
L. L. Clark, New York 25
Mott Haven A.C., New York. 25
E. H. Reynolds, New York.. 25
Galway Men's Assn., N. Y... 25
Rothschild & Co 25
Artisans A. A., Philadelphia... 25
Pastime A.C., New York 25
Barnes Bros., New York 25
C. H. Wilcox, New York 25
G. W. Kuhlke, New York.... 25
A. C. James, New York 25
Sporting Goods Dealers' Assn. 25
St. George's Club, New York. 25
Wm. Allen Butler, New York 25
Xavier Club, New York 25
Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, N. Y. 25
Edwin W. Bulkeley, N. Y.... 25
H. L, Pratt,*New York 25
Henry Hentz, New York. ... 25
Francis Leland, New York. . . 25
O. L. Richards, New York... 25
Chas. H. Steihway, New York 25
National A.C., Brooklyn 25
Mercury A.C., Yonkers, N.Y. 25
St. Louis A.A.A 25
Benjamin Gratz, St. Louis... 25
St. Louis Post-Dispatch 25
D. R. Francis & Co 25
N. Y. P. O. Clerks' Assri 25
W. A. Stickney Cigar Co 25
Charles A. Kittle 25
J. A. Heydler 25
B. F. Edwards, St. Louis $
J. H. Hallock
Norvin Lindheim
St. Louis Republic, St. Louis.
John Buckle
Dominican Lyceum
A. L. Shapleigh, St. Louis...
Murray Carleton, St. Louis.. 38.94 St. Bartholomew's Par'h House 32.60 D. M. Brady
Charles J. Harvey ".
27 Appel & Co
25 A. G. Edwards & Co., St. Louis 25 Caspar Whitney, New York..
Cash
Finnish-American A.C., N. Y. R. C. Kammerer, New York.. Whittaker & Co., St. Louis. . .
D. S. Adler
Gaelic Club of Waterbury
Norwegian Turn Society
Dempsey
N. P. Stauffer, Lansdowne, Pa.
H. A. Smith, New York
Simeon Ford, New York
Philadelphia Swimming Club.
W. A. Martin, New York
R. W. DeForest, New York.. McCaddin Lyceum, Brooklyn. Anchor A.C., New Jersey...
0. J. Gude, New York
1. M. Ullman
Edward deC. Chisholm
Burton Busch
F. M. Chete
F. O. Roe
D. E. Seybel
George H. B. Mitchell
E. LaMontagne Sons
R. Tait McKenzie, Philadelphia
Miller & Co., New York
Visitacion Valley A. A., San
Francisco
J. V. Black, New York
W. G. Conklin, New York...
G. C. Boldt, Jr., New York W. H. Huest, New York..'.'. Nat'l Turn Verein, Newark..
Forest Hills A.A., Mass
W. M. V. Hoffman .'
Junior A.C., Norristown, Pa..
F. L. Eldredge, New York... Charles Curie, Jr., New York Geo. H. Hentzler, New York. W. C. Muschenheim, N. Y...
F. E. Eveland, New York
R. A. Semon, New York
St. Vincent Ferrer A.C., N. Y . .
Walter Scott, New York
R. S. Barnes, New York
25 25 25 25 25 5
5
0.50 o o
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.
Bronxdale A.C., New York...$ Little Falls (N. J.) A.A
B. P. Sullivan, New Orleans.
Isaac H. Orr
Trinity A.C
E. F. Hutton
G. W. Mackellar
G. C. Clausen
J. C. Hill
Fleischmann Co
W. H. Adams
R. B. Thomas, Jr
Charles A. Hatfield
J. Kennard & Sons Carpet
Co., St. Louis
Blanke-Wenneker Candy Co., St. Louis
Mermod, Jaccard & King Jew- elry Co., St. Louis
W. W. Cohen
Greek-American A.C
C. T. Wills
Academic A.L., California
Famous, St. Louis
Stix-Baer-Fuller Dry .Goods
Co., St. Louis
Muldeney & Martin
Louis Cella, St. Louis
Scruggs, Vandervoort & Bar- ney St. Louis
Rice, Stix, Dry Goods Co., St. Louis
N. A. Doyle
Bohemian Gymnasium Asso- ciation
Smart Set
G. J. Foran, New York
R. B. Wood, New York
New Jersey A.C
Leon P. Fenstman, N. Y
Isaac D. Fletcher, New York
C. A. Taussig, New York
A. V. Baird, New York
Thomas Lavelle, New York...
M. C. Bacon, New York
F. W. Nowka, Brooklyn, N. Y.
T. Kingsley Bull
W. H. Cheesbrough
Columbian A.C., St. Louis...
Grace Club, New York
L. E. Stoddard
G. P. McLean $
E. C. Jessup
C. P. Senter
Otto Wagner
J. O. Jimeris & Co
Franklin A.C
Harlem Evening H. &., N. Y . . St. Joseph's T. A. B. Society. A. & R. S. Lehman, N. Y...
T. H. Price, New York
Catholic School A.L., Cal
F. J. Brennan, Bridgeport.... Charles M. Merwin
E. C. Cranberry
South B'way A.C., St. Louis.. Nugent & Bros. Dry Goods
Co., St. Louis
R. A. Kathan
F. S. Butterworth
Eli Whitney
St. Paul A.A
J. A. Flynn
J. B. Rosenthal, Cincinnati. . .
J. A. Lewis, St. Louis
W. B. Cowen, St. Louis
H. A. Caesar
Keene Fitzpatrick
A. G. Wear, St. Louis
Newman, Biehle & Joyce, St.
Louis
J. J. Kelly
St. Thomas A.C
Walkers' Club of America, N. Y.
William Norton
Craig
Harry Sharp, St. Louis
P. J. McDermott, New York.
Daniel McGrogan, Newark...
J. W. Converse
A. R. Lawrence
Eastern District H. S., N.Y..
C. H. Mallory, New York....
H. A. Meyer, New York
J. F. Dreyer, New York
A. W. Schmidt, New York..
H. W. Meyer, New York
Master Jack Schorers, N. Y. .
J. A. Rector, St. Louis
From Treasurer Olympic Fund, London, 1908, to Treasurer Olympic Fund, Stockholm, 1912
249
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 S 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 4 2.50
2
400.83
THE GRAND PRIXw
PARIS, 1900
At the Universal Exposition, Paris, 1 900, A. G. Spalding & Bros, were awarded the Grand Prize for the finest and most complete line of Athletic Goods, in compe- tition with the leading makers of the world.
At the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
St. Louis, 1904
A. G. Spalding & Bros, received a Special Award (superior to the Grand Prize), con- sisting of a Gold Medal, for the best exhibit of Athletic Supplies exhibited at the World's Fair.
A. G. Spalding & Bros, were also awarded by the Superior Jury a Grand Prize for their exhibit of all kinds of Athletic Implements and Athletic Wearing Apparel.
At the Pan-American Exposition, 1901
Spalding's Athletic Goods were exclus- ively used in all athletic competitions.
A. G. SPALDING & BROS.
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